Английский язык: Учебное пособие для слушателей подготовительных курсов

М И Н И СТ Е РСТ В О О БРА ЗО В А Н И Я РО ССИ Й СК О Й Ф Е Д Е РА Ц И И В О РО Н Е Ж СК И Й ГО СУ Д А РСТ В Е Н Н Ы Й У Н И В Е РСИ Т Е Т

А Н ГЛИ Й СК И Й Я ЗЫ К У ЧЕ БН О Е ПО СО БИ Е Д ЛЯ СЛУ Ш А Т Е ЛЕ Й ПО Д ГО Т О В И Т Е ЛЬН Ы Х К У РСО В

В О РО Н Е Ж 2004

2

Рек омендованонаучно-методическимсоветомфакул ь тетаРГФ , п ротокол № 1 от15 января 2004г.

Составител и: Бабуш кин А .П., К оны гинаГ.И .

У чебноеп особиеп одготовл енонакафедреангл ий ского язы к афак ул ь тетаРГФ В оронеж ского государственногоуниверситета. Предназначено дл я п одготовкик вступ ител ь ному э кзамену п о англ ий скому язы ку в университет. А дресовано абитуриентам, заочно обучаю щ имся нап одготовител ь ны хкурсах. Состоитиз 5 контрол ь ны хработ, задания которы х п одл еж атвы п ол нению в п ись менной иустной формах. Содерж аниетестов соответствуетзаданиям, вкл ю ченны мв э кзаменационны ебил еты вступ ител ь ны х исп ы таний п реды дущ его года. М ож етбы ть такж е рекомендовано ш кол ь никам, обучаю щ имся п од руководством п реп одавател ей в центрахдовузовской п одготовки.

3

Д орогиедрузь я ! В ам п редстоит вы п ол нить 5 контрол ь ны х работ, которы е п ознакомят В ас с треб ованиямик вступ ител ь ны м э кзаменам образца2003 года. У сп еш ная сдача э к замена в университет п редп ол агает вл адение фонетическим строем англ ий ск ого язы ка (п равил амичтения), его сл оварны м составом в объеме курса средней ш кол ы , п рак тические знания англ ий ской грамматик и, умение п онимать тексты на англ ий ском язы ке, оп ерировать п ол ученной информацией , а такж е формул ировать вы сказы вания наязы кев рамкахсл едую щ ихтем: 1. О себе, о семь е 2. Ш кол ь ная ж изнь 3. Х оббииразвл ечения 4. М оя будущ ая п рофессия 5. М ой город 6. Н аш астрана 7. Путеш ествия 8. Д остоп римечател ь ности 9. М оя л ю бимая книга 10. А нгл ий ский язы к в современноммире 11. Пробл емы э к ол огииизащ иты окруж аю щ ей среды 12. Пробл емы современной мол одеж и. Помните, что каж дую контрол ь ную работу сл едует вы п ол нять в отдел ь ной тетради. Н еобходимо оставл ять п ол я дл я замечаний п реп одавател я, которы й будет п роверять В аш у работу. И збегай те ош ибок п ринап исании англ ий ских сл ов, п роверяй те себя п о сл оварю . В ы п ол няй теработу аккуратно, разборчиво. М ак симал ь ное кол ичество бал л ов, которы е В ы мож ете п ол учить за одну контрол ь ную работу – 100 бал л ов.

4

К о нтро л ь на я ра б о та № 1 Ч а с ть 1 П ро чита йте текс ты и вы п о л ните п ред л а га емы е за д а ния ( 10 б а л л о в ) Education for All Today, all fifty states in America have many laws about education. One of these laws says all children must go to school. Each state collects tax money from people who own property. Taxes are used to build schools, buy books, and pay teachers. In that way, everyone can go to school. In Colonial days, it was different. Usually, people had to pay to send children to school. Not everyone could afford to send their children, and many young people never went to school. In school, most children were taught only to read and write. Children from rich families had a better education. During the early 1800s, people began to think it was important for all children to have an education. In 1852, Massachusetts passed a law which said that all children must go to school. Then other states passed education laws. At first, children only had to go to school four or five years. There were no high schools. Now children must remain in school until they are sixteen. In some states, they must stay in school until they are eighteen. Schools are paid for by tax money. All children have a chance to learn. П о д тверд ите ил и о п ро вергните с л ед ующ ие п ред л о жения 1. All children in America must go to school. 2. In Colonial days few people could afford to send their children to school. 3. At the beginning of the 19th century Massachusetts passed a law according to which all children must go to school. 4. At first, children stayed at school for five years, now - until they are 18. 5. Parents don’t have to pay for children’s education. Harps, Flutes, and Drums People from all countries have played musical instruments at some time in their history. (1)___. In olden times, as today, there were many kinds of musical instruments. There were rattles to shake and flutes to blow. (2)____. In the Middle East, people played instruments with strings. Their first stringed instrument was a hunting bow. (3) ___. From the musical bow was to come the idea for the harp. Long ago in Greece, people made music by blowing into a hollow reed or pipe called a flute. (4) ___.It was played during boxing matches and foot races. On Greek ships, flute players kept time for the men rowing. In Africa, the most important musical instrument was the drum. (5) ___ They

5

used drums to keep time as they danced. They also beat out codes on their drums. In this way, they sent messages through the jungle. За п о л ните п ро п ус ки 1-5 с о о тветс твующ ими п ред л о жениями А-Е A. The flute was a very popular instrument. B. Hundreds of years ago, the Africans learned to make drums by stretching animal skins over hollow logs. C. People played tunes on it by using the bow string. D. But not all people have made music in the same way. E. There were drums to beat and harps to strum. Ч а с ть 2 В ы б ерите о д ин п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в ( 30 б а л л о в ) 1. ___ two sisters. a) There is b) He got c) He’s got 2. He ___ like me. a) don’t b) doesn’t c) not 3. I’m English. Where are ___ from? a) you b) are you c) you are 4. I ___ to the cinema yesterday. a) go b) went c) was 5. Mary ___ that film. a) already seen b) has already seen c) have already seen 6. I ___ go to the cinema but I don’t any more. a) used to b) did use c) used 7. I ___ television last night when my friend rang. a) have been watching b) watched c) was watching 8. The house ___ built 5 years ago. a) was built b) is built c) built 9. I worked hard ___ my exam. a) to pass b) for pass c) for passing 10. When I arrived at the station the train ___ . a) had already left b) already left c) was already left 11. After ___ his homework he went to bed. a) to finish b) finished c) finishing 12. You ___ your homework before you came to the lesson! a) should d b) should have done c) should be done 13. I’ve rung the bell but there’s no answer. He ___ in bed. a) must be b) will be c) can be 14. I’m looking forward ___ you again. a) to see b) seeing c) to seeing

6

15. I have never expected him to make ___ great progress so quickly. He must be a genius. a) so b) such a c) such 16. There was nobody in the park, ___ ? a) weren’t there b) was there c) wasn’t there 17. I’m in group 2, ___? a) aren’t I b) don’t I c) am not I 18. I was shocked by ___ news of his. a) that b) those c) these 19. Let’s go for a walk, ___ ? a) will we b) shall we c) will us 20. There is nothing in the box, ___ ? a) is there b) isn’t it c) isn’t there 21. He never does ___ work. a) any b) some c) none 22. These goods are ___ good quality. a) so b) such c) no 23. Ill news ___ . a) travels fastly b) travel fast c) travels fast 24. ___ 5 miles from here to school. a) It is b) There are c) There is 25. Your voice sounds ___ . a) strange b) strangely c) in a strange way 26. We didn’t find ___ food in the kitchen. a) some b) any c) no 27. I went out without ___ money. a) some b) any c ) no 28. Could I have ___ drink? a) other b) the other c) another 29. It takes ___ to learn any foreign language. a) long time b) long c) a long time 30. It’s ___ weather. a) terrible b) a terrible c) the terrible Ч а с ть 3 П ро чита йте текс т. П еревед ите п ис ь менно п ервы й и п о с л ед ний а б за цы текс та ( 20 б а л л о в ). Ответь те п ис ь менно на п ред текс то вы е во п ро с ы ( 10 б а л л о в ). Н а п ишите 10 во п ро с о в к текс ту ( 10 б а л л о в ). П ерес ка жите текс т. Do you think that some people can predict the future? Have you ever had any premonitions of disaster?

7

The Sinking of the Titanic People sometimes have the feeling that they know something is going to happen. This is called a premonition. Some premonitions take the form of dreams or visions. Others are just strong feelings, ideas, or guesses that come into people’s minds for no apparent reason. The following story is about the Titanic and the many apparently mysterious forewarnings that were reported. In the early morning of April 15, 1912, the Titanic, the world’s largest ocean liner at the time, struck an iceberg and sank on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic. A total of 1,502 lives were lost. Later investigation turned up at least 20 cases of people having premonitions of the disaster. One of the strangest examples of an apparent premonition involved a novel called Futility, written in 1898 by Morgan Robertson. In the book, a huge liner, the Titan, sank after hitting an iceberg. Like the Titanic, the Titan was said to be unsinkable. Also like the Titanic, the Titan carried too few lifeboats for the large number of passengers on board. In addition, there were two other stories that appeared to foretell the disaster, both written by a passenger on the doomed ship - one of them over 20 years earlier. At least nine people had dreams in which a ship like the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank. Two clairvoyants gave warnings about the disaster, and several other people had extremely strong intuitions that something would go wrong. Some would-be passengers were so uneasy about the voyage that they cancelled their tickets at the last minute. All these uncanny coincidences appear to be premonitions. There seems to be no way of explaining them. Ч а с ть 4 Н а п ишите 10 п ред л о жений на тему ‘What are the advantages and disadvantages of being young’( 20 б а л л о в ) К о нтро л ь на я ра б о та № 2 Ч а с ть 1 П ро чита йте текс ты и вы п о л ните п ред л а га емы е за д а ния ( 10 б а л л о в ) A Different Kind of Play Maybe your class in school has given a play. People throughout the world like to act in plays. In Japan, actors perform in Kabuki plays. (1) ___. Kabuki actors do not look like the actors in American plays. (2) ___. In Kabuki plays, the actors wear bright-coloured robes and wigs. (3) ___. American actors wear make-up, but their make-up does not often hide their faces. Kabuki actors paint their faces chalk white. They draw black eyebrows above their real eyebrows. They outline their eyes in black or red. Their mouths are

8

bright red. They look as if they are wearing masks. An actor performing in an American play must make his face look happy, sad, or angry. Make-up helps the Kabuki actor show his feelings. (4) ___. His make-up makes him look angry. American and Kabuki actors perform in different ways. (5) ___. За п о л ните п ро п ус ки 1-5 с о о тветс твующ ими п ред л о жениями А-Е A. Their robes are very large, and their wigs do not look like real hair. B. If an actor is going to show anger, he paints dark blue or red lines on his face. C. The word is made up of three Japanese words meaning song, dance, and ability. D. But they both try to please the people who watch them. E. American actors dress and look like real people. A Club for Working Women In India, many women belong to a club called Working Women’s Forum. Most of these women work at jobs such as washing clothes, sewing, selling fruits and vegetables, and running small shops. Working Women’s Forum members want to make life better for themselves and their families. They help each other in many ways. They also work together to improve conditions in their communities. To do their work successfully, these women often need to buy equipment and materials. If they do not have enough money to purchase these things, they cannot earn enough to take care of their families and help their communities. One answer is to borrow the money from banks. However, most banks don’t lend money in small amounts. The Working Women’s Forum solved this problem. The Forum borrows large amounts from a bank, then lends small amounts to members. The women who borrow money often turn their work into larger businesses where they will earn more money. They can then use this money to buy more and better food, find better housing, and go to school. These things lead to a higher status for the women. Forum women can then use their new status to work for better conditions for all Indian women. В ы б ерите п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в 1. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. most women in the Working Women’s Forum are poor. b. most women in the Working Women’s Forum own stores. c. most women in the Working Women’s Forum are not married. 2. Members of the Working Women’s Forum a. borrow money from banks. b. borrow money from the Forum. c. lend each other money. d. put their savings in bank accounts.

9

3. On the whole, this story is about a. Indian women. b. banking in India. c. the Working Women’s Forum. 4. How do women use their improved status? a. They turn their work into businesses. b. They work for better conditions for all Indian women. c. They move into better housing. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. The Working Women’s Forum helps only a few women in India. b. The Working Women’s Forum has made life better for many people. c. There is no longer a need for the Working Women’s Forum. Ч а с ть 2 В ы б ерите о д ин п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в ( 30 б а л л о в ) 1. Eric ___ many friends. a) doesn’t have b) have c) haven’t got 2. I ___ remember your phone number. a) not b) no c) don’t 3. My sister ___ 25 today. a) is b) has c) has got 4. I ___ that film last week. a) saw b) seen c) have seen 5. She ___ to me. a) has never written b) has ever written c) has written yet 6. Most people ___ cook on wood fires hundreds of years ago. a) used b) used to c) did use 7. When I walked in, they ___ . a) were talking b) talked c) has talked 8. You can’t come in here – the room ___ . a) is cleaning b) is being cleaned c) is cleaned 9. Use this button ___ the computer. a) to turn on b) for turn on c) to turning on 10. She didn’t phone Alan because she ___ his number. a) was lost b) had lost c) has lost 11. She spoke for an hour without ___ notes. a) use b) using c) to use 12. I wonder why they are so late. They ___ here an hour ago. a) should be b) should have been c) should have been being 13. Listen to her accent. She ___ French. a) must have been b) must be c) will be 14. Which British Prime Minister was famous for ___ big cigars? a) smoking b) to smoke c) smokes

10

15. It was ___ weather that we spent the whole day on the beach. a) such lovely b) a such lovely c) such a lovely 16. She doesn’t look happy, ___? a) isn’t she b) does she c) doesn’t she 17. I’m not talking too fast, ___ I? a) aren’t b) am c) don’t 18. Did you answer ___ letters yesterday? a) that b) these c) those 19. Let’s ask George, ___? a) shall we b) shall us c) will we 20. I seldom visit art galleries, I’m not particularly ___ in art. a) interest b) interested c) interesting 21. There aren’t many people here, ___? a) aren’t there b) are there c) are they 22. This tea tastes a bit ___ . a) stranger b) strange c) strangely 23. It was ___ advice. a) a good b) good c) the good 24. If ___ has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them. a) anyone b) someone c) anything 25. Three days ___ long enough for a good holiday. a) isn’t b) aren’t c) doesn’t 26. The Chinese ___ printing. a) invented b) have invented c) had invented 27. We are not very close friends ___ we’ve known each other a long time. a) despite b) in spite of c) although 28. I listen to the radio quite often but I ___ watch television. a) hardly b) hardly ever c) hardly anyone 29. I think all drivers ___ seat belts. a) should wear b) had better wear c) had better to wear 30. I’m tired. I’d rather ___ out this evening, if you don’t mind. a) not going b) not to go c) not go Ч а с ть 3 П ро чита йте текс т. П еревед ите п ис ь менно п ервы й и п о с л ед ний а б за цы текс та ( 20 б а л л о в ). Ответь те п ис ь менно на п ред текс то вы е во п ро с ы ( 10 б а л л о в ). Н а п ишите 10 во п ро с о в к текс ту ( 10 б а л л о в ). П ерес ка жите текс т. Do you know any examples of great inventions made by sheer accident? Have you ever hit upon any bright ideas in an unusual way?

11

Silly Questions, Brilliant Answers Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the chairman of Sony, was at a company planning meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and sold headphones with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at refining it. The result turned out to be wildly successful Sony Walkman. Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron. Later, he tried it, and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. He took his idea to several existing shoe companies but all of them turned him down. In fact he was literally laughed at. However, Bowerman persevered and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes. Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. He was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. So, Smith decided to design one. He did that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith refined his ideas and eventually turned them into one of the first and most successful overnight mail services in the world - FedEx. We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service that has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and often seem silly. Children aren’t afraid of asking such questions, but adults frequently are. Just imagine how different the world might be if people never asked "silly" questions! Ч а с ть 4 Н а п ишите 10 п ред л о жений на тему ‘What do you know about the history of your native place ?’( 20 б а л л о в ) К о нтро л ь на я ра б о та № 3 Ч а с ть 1 П ро чита йте текс ты и вы п о л ните п ред л а га емы е за д а ния ( 10 б а л л о в ) From Page to Knight During the Middle Ages in England, all boys from important families were expected to become knights. (1) ___. When a boy was seven, he was sent to a friend’s castle. There, he started his training as a page. He began by doing all kinds of small tasks. (2) ___. He had to

12

do his work well and without a fuss. After seven years, a page became a squire. (3) ___. In time, he could fight beside his master in battle. When they were twenty-one, squires who had done well were made knights in long, serious ceremonies. (4) ___. Then the ceremony was quick. The squire’s master might say, "I hereby make you a knight." To finish the ceremony, the master gave the new knight a slap on the shoulder or the cheek. All knights had to promise certain things. (5) ___. They had to be kind to women and children. Above all, they promised to serve God and their king. За п о л ните п ро п ус ки 1-5 с о о тветс твующ ими п ред л о жениями А-Е A. Sometimes a squire became a knight after he had been very brave in battle. B. They promised to tell the truth and to be brave. C. He also learned to ride a horse. D. But first, they had to learn many things. E. As a squire, he learned to use weapons and to hunt. The Mummies of Osiris The people of ancient Egypt believed in life after death. When people died, they went to live with Osiris, the god of the underworld. In the underworld, they would keep the same bodies they had before they died. The priests of Osiris knew how to keep bodies from decaying. They used chemicals to take the moisture out of the body. Then they washed the body and spread oil over it. Finally, they wrapped the body in cloth, making it into a mummy. Once the mummy was wrapped, it was placed in a coffin. Egyptians thought they would need the same kinds of things in the afterlife as they did before they died. Therefore, people surrounded the coffin with useful objects such as bowls, pots, and clothing, and with beautiful objects such as gold and jewelry. When a king died, the mummy was placed in a stone tomb called a pyramid. Modern archeologists have found some of these tombs. They are filled with wonderful treasures as well as household goods. And, of course, they also contain the mummies of long-dead kings. Thousands of years after they died, these kings are teaching us about their world. The mummies are so well preserved that scientists can tell what they ate and how their doctors set broken bones. We owe a great deal to the priests of Osiris. В ы б ерите п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в 1. The Egyptian mummies were made by a. priests. b. Osiris. c. kings. d. scientists. 2. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. it was easy to make mummies.

13

b. the ancient Egyptians had some knowledge of chemistry. c. the priests of Osiris acted as doctors to the kings. 3. The people in Egypt believed a. that science was more important than religion. b. in life after death. c. in witches and goblins. d. in burying their kings underground. 4. Why did the Egyptians make mummies? a. They wanted to preserve bodies for future scientists. b. The priests said Osiris demanded that they make them. c. They believed that people needed their bodies in the afterlife. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. The ancient Egyptians believed in many gods. b. Just about everybody in ancient Egypt understood how mummies were made. c. Making mummies was a waste of time and skill. Ч а с ть 2 В ы б ерите о д ин п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в ( 30 б а л л о в ) 1. These houses ___ big rooms. a) has b) has got c) have 2. Ann ___ speak Russian. a) doesn’t b) don’t c) not 3. I ___ hungry. a) am b) are c) have 4. He ___ school in 1990. a) left b) have left c) leave 5. Mr. Brown ___ a new jacket. a) has bought b) have bought c) buy 6. I ___ like fish, but now I do. a) didn’t use to b) used to c) didn’t use 7. When I went out, it ___ . a) rained b) raining c) was raining 8. “Hamlet” ___ by Shakespeare in 1601. a) was written b) was wrote c) has been written 9. I went to town on Saturday ___ a present for my cousin’s birthday. a) for buy b) to buying c) to buy 10. The telephone wasn’t working because we ___ the bill. a) haven’t paid b) didn’t pay c) hadn’t paid 11. Every morning my dad worries about ___ late for his train. a) being b) be c) to be 12. Ann ___ to the doctor yesterday, but she forgot. a) should go b) should be going c) should have gone

14

13. Bob lives in ___ house over there. a) this b) that c) these 14. Let’s go to the beach, ___? a) will we b) will us c) shall we 15. I had never expected to get the job. I was really ___ when I was offered it. a) amazed b) amazing c) amazement 16. Nobody saw you, ___? a) did they b) didn’t they c) they didn’t 17. You look ___! Are you all right? a) terror b) terrible c) terribly 18. We had ___ weather while we were on holiday. a) very good b) a very good c) the very good 19. Look at her clothes. She ___ plenty of money. a) must have b) must have had c) will have 20. I look forward to ___ from you. a) hearing b) hear c) heard 21. We enjoyed our holiday. We had ___ time. a) such a good b) such good c) so a good 22. Those flowers don’t need much water, ___? a) do they b) don’t they c) they don’t 23. I’m late, ___ I? a) aren’t b) don’t c) am 24. I’m hungry. I want ___ to eat. a) something b) some c) nothing 25. Three years ___ a long time to be without a job. a) are b) is c) doesn’t 26. They gave me a form and told me to ___ . a) fill in b) fill it in c) fill in it 27. I left school ___ I was 16. a) when b) as c) at 28. It was a very warm day and there was ___ wind. a) hardly anywhere b) hardly any c) hardly anything 29. He ___ to find a job but he had no luck. a) tried hard b) tried hardly c) hardly tried 30. She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help ___ . a) laughing b) to laugh c) that she laughed Ч а с ть 3 П ро чита йте текс т. П еревед ите п ис ь менно п ервы й и п о с л ед ний а б за цы текс та ( 20 б а л л о в ). Ответь те п ис ь менно на п ред текс то вы е во п ро с ы ( 10 б а л л о в ). Н а п ишите 10 во п ро с о в к текс ту ( 10 б а л л о в ). П ерес ка жите текс т. Dr. Martens’ shoes have been popular for fifty years. Do you know any other kind of clothes that has been popular for ages? Why? Tell us about it.

15

The Story of Dr Martens It’s 1945. In the German town of Seeshaupt, near Munich, Dr Klaus Martens limps along the streets in search of his friend - engineer Dr Herbert Funck. Martens, straight from the army, has had a skiing accident in the Bavarian Alps and injured his foot. To make walking easier while it heals, he has made himself a pair of shoes with a unique, air-cushioned sole and now he wants his friend Funck’s opinion. Dr Funck is amazed by the effectiveness of his friend’s design and the two men agree to develop and produce the shoes together. By 1959 the new shoes - then named "Dr Martens" - were selling across Europe, and the two men decided to find a company to produce them in Britain. After much discussion, they picked a shoe company in the village of Wollaston in Northamptonshire. On 1st April 1960 the first boot came off the production line. By the late 1960s, no skinhead (young person with shaved head, or extremely short hair associated with violent behaviour) was properly dressed without a pair of Dr Martens "cherry-reds". But thousands of pairs of the boots were also being bought for their practicality by factory workers and by people doing a range of outdoor jobs. Their combination of durability, comfort and style has seen Dr Martens footwear gain acceptance by all types of people - from bankers to policemen, and rock stars to nurses. The boots remain at the centre of every trend - through the punk rock of the 70s to the designer footwear of today and the fashions of tomorrow. Ч а с ть 4 Н а п ишите 10 п ред л о жений на тему ‘Why are you learning English, not, say, French or Japanese?’( 20 б а л л о в ) К о нтро л ь на я ра б о та № 4 Ч а с ть 1 П ро чита йте текс ты и вы п о л ните п ред л а га емы е за д а ния ( 10 б а л л о в ) Life Among The Trees Orangutans are most at home in forests. These large and interesting apes move through the trees by swinging among branches. They sleep in trees too, in nests they make from branches and leaves. They eat the fruit, leaves, and bark of the trees. Most orangutans are found on two Southeast Asian islands, Borneo and Sumatra. They live in groups made up of 10 to 12 adults and their young. A group occupies about a square mile of the forest. Within the area, each adult group member has its own territory. Orangutans need large forests to follow this way of life, but the forests in Borneo and Sumatra are shrinking. The local people have been clearing the forests to make farmland. Huge forest fires have destroyed much of the habitat. Sometimes the forest

16

that

remains is too small for the orangutans. Scientists from the Wildlife Conservation Society are trying to help the orangutans. But in order to help, they must first capture the animals. So as not to hurt them, the scientists use darts that have sleeping medicine on the tips. Once the orangutans are asleep, the scientists take them to forests that are large enough for them to live comfortably. However, the orangutans are still in danger. Care must be taken to control forest fires, and also to help the people to live together with these animals as good neighbours. В ы б ерите п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в 1. Each group of orangutans lives in an area of about a. 1 mile. b. 10 to 12 miles. c. 1 square mile d. 100 square miles. 2. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. young orangutans live by themselves. b. orangutans don’t spend much time walking around on the ground. c. Because their territory is so large, most orangutans hardly ever see another orangutan. 3. Orangutans are being helped by a. scientists. b. the United Nations. c. farmers. d .local people. 4. On the whole, this story is about a. the Wildlife Conservation Society. b. how orangutans live. c. the forests of Borneo and Sumatra. 5. Why are the forests of Borneo and Sumatra shrinking? a. The forests are too small for the orangutans. b. The orangutans are eating all the bark off the trees. c. Because of forest fires and local people clearing them. Clearing the Air In an American city many years ago, a large number of paintings was damaged by "bad" air. In New York City 168 people died and thousands became ill from fumes in the air in one year - 1966. Air pollution, or dirty air, is caused by many things. Great clouds of smoke come from factory chimneys. Cars send smoke and fumes into the air. Burning waste fills the air with bits of dirt. Even burning leaves add smoke to the air. Smoke of all kinds is bad to breathe and can do great harm to the body. We still have a problem with air pollution. However, things have got better. In 1970, the U.S. Congress passed the Clean Air Act. This law limits the amount of fumes cars can exhaust into the air. It also sets limits on pollution from power plants and factories. Although scientists have not yet been able to stop air pollution, they have found ways to make cars and factories burn fuel more cleanly. People are also

17

more careful than they once were. For example, they have stopped burning fallen leaves in the autumn. We still have a long way to go. But if we all work together, we can solve the problem. П о д тверд ите ил и о п ро вергните с л ед ующ ие п ред л о жения 1. Dirty clouds of smoke come from factory chimneys. 2. Flowers fill the air with bits of dirt. 3. The Clean Air Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1970. 4. People continue burning fallen leaves in the autumn. 5. Ordinary people and scientists do a lot to fight pollution. Ч а с ть 2 В ы б ерите о д ин п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в ( 30 б а л л о в ) 1. ___ beautiful eyes. a) There is b) You have got c) You got 2. My car ___ use much petrol. a) not b) no c) doesn’t 3. ___ your brother at home? a) Is b) Are c) Aren’t 4. It ___ a long time ago. a) happens b) has happened c) happened 5. My father ___ his job. a) has changed b) have changed c) change 6. I ___ play tennis when I was a teenager. a) used to b) did use c) used 7. At 8 o’clock, when you phoned, I ___ a shower. a) have been b) was having c) had 8. Last night two men ___ in a fight in a nightclub. a) are killed b) were killed c) have bee killed 9. Alice went to Beijing ___ Chinese. a) to learn b) to learning c) for learning 10. I knew I ___ that man somewhere before. a) had seen b) saw c) have seen 11. The children are tired of ___ to the same place every summer. a) going b) go c) to go 12. I’m feeling sick. I ___ so much chocolate. a) shouldn’t have eaten b) should eat c) shouldn’t eaten 13. Her light is on. She ___ in. a) must be b) will be c) should be 14. When I was at school, I hated ___ history. a) studying b) study c) to studying

18

15. I like Tom and Ann. They are ___ people. a) such a nice b) such nice c) so nice 16. But he’s not at school now, ___? a) is he b) isn’t he c) he is 17. Mary won’t be late, ___? a) won’t she b) will she c) she won’t 18. I am not enjoying ___ conversation. a) this b) that c) these 19. Let’s stay at home, ___ . a) shall us b) shall we c) will us 20. My job makes me ___ . a) depressing b) depression c) depressed 21. Don’t do that again, ___ . a) will you b) you will c) won’t you 22. The dinner smells ___ . a) good b) well c) nicely 23. I had to buy ___ bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches. a) some b) a c) the 24. Have you got ___ luggage? a) some b) any c) a few 25. The police ___ to interview two men about the robbery last week. a) want b) wants c) are wanting 26. I’m not very good ___ repairing things. a) at b) about c) in 27. I like travelling by sea ___ it’s not rough. a) as long as b) unless c) although 28. Our new boss is not very popular . ___ likes him. a) Hardly anybody b) Hardly anything c) Hardly ever 29. Let’s get a taxi. It’s ___ to walk. a) a quite long way b) quite a long way c) rather long way 30. The police officer stopped us and asked us where ___ . a) were we going b) are we going c) we were going Ч а с ть 3 П ро чита йте текс т. П еревед ите п ис ь менно п ервы й и п о с л ед ний а б за цы текс та ( 20 б а л л о в ). Ответь те п ис ь менно на п ред текс то вы е во п ро с ы ( 10 б а л л о в ). Н а п ишите 10 во п ро с о в к текс ту ( 10 б а л л о в ). П ерес ка жите текс т. How do you feel about this story? What do you think about the woman’s behaviour? The Mysterious Hitchhiker A young woman was driving through lonely countryside. It was raining heavily and it was beginning to get dark. Suddenly she saw an old woman by the side

19

of the road, holding her hand out as if she wanted a lift. "I can’t leave her out in this weather," the young woman said to herself. So she stopped the car and opened the door. "Do you want a lift?" she asked. The old woman nodded and got in. As she was making herself comfortable, the young woman asked her, "Have you been waiting long?" The old woman shook her head. "You were lucky then," the young woman commented, wondering why the old woman never spoke. She tried again. "Nasty weather for the time of year," she continued. The old woman nodded in agreement. No matter what the young woman said the hitchhiker gave no answer except for a nod or a shake of the head. All of a sudden, the young woman noticed that her passenger’s hands were very large and hairy. With a shock she realized that the hitchhiker wasn’t an old woman at all but a man dressed up as an old woman. She braked suddenly. "I can’t see out of the rear window," she explained. "Would you mind cleaning it for me?" The hitchhiker nodded and opened the car door. As soon as the hitchhiker was out of the car, the terrified woman drove off at top speed. When she reached the next village she stopped. She noticed that the hitchhiker had left a handbag behind. She picked it up and opened it. Inside the bag was a gun. She had had a narrow escape! Ч а с ть 4 Н а п ишите 10 п ред л о жений на тему ‘What is your idea of a happy family life?’( 20 б а л л о в ) К о нтро л ь на я ра б о та № 5 Ч а с ть 1 П ро чита йте текс ты и вы п о л ните п ред л а га емы е за д а ния ( 10 б а л л о в ) A Bottle of Peas We know that we need to eat a variety of foods in order to stay healthy. Yet some foods grow only at certain times of year, and they spoil quickly. Before the invention of canning, people did not eat green vegetables or fruit except during their growing season. With canning, fresh food is put into a container. Any gases are removed before the container is sealed, then the container is heated to kill any germs. The cans we know are metal. The earliest cans, however, were made of glass. In fact, the very first can was actually a bottle. A Frenchman named Nicolas Alpert used it when he invented canning in 1795. He filled the bottle with cooked peas, then heated and corked it. Napoleon used Alpert’s invention to help feed the French army. The first tin can came along in 1810. It was invented by an Englishman - Peter Durand. His tin cans were made by hand. In 1847, a machine for cutting the tin was invented, and in 1876 one for shaping and soldering the can came along. Today, we are able to preserve foods by freezing or freeze-drying them. Even

20

so, canning is still important. Just think of all the different kinds of canned foods there are in your supermarket. П о д тверд ите ил и о п ро вергните с л ед ующ ие п ред л о жения 1. The container is first heated, then sealed to kill any germs. 2. People didn’t eat green vegetables before the invention of canning. 3. The earliest cans were made of glass. 4. The very first can was invented by a Frenchman - Peter Durand. 5. The first canned vegetables were peas. Math Machines Before people could trade with neighbours, build cities and monuments, and learn about the world, they needed to know mathematics. (1) ___. Somewhere in ancient Asia people came up with a powerful tool - the abacus - which may have been invented as early as 2300 B.C. (2) ___. Each group of beads on the same wire has the same value. The first group usually stands for units, or ones; the second for tens; the third for hundreds; and so on. With this simple tool, people could work out problems in a flash. In marketplaces throughout the East, merchants used the abacus to do business. (3) ___. Engineers used it to build better structures and to create better tools. Until the calculator and computer were invented, the abacus remained an important tool in Asia, Russia, and the Middle East. (4) ___. Today, calculators and computers have become common. (5) ___. За п о л ните п ро п ус ки 1-5 с о о тветс твующ ими п ред л о жениями А-Е A. The abacus is a frame containing sets of beads (or counters) strung on wires. B. As life became more complicated, they needed ways to solve problems quickly and accurately. C. But you can still find people who use the abacus. D. In fact, the Russians used an abacus when they designed the first space satellite in 1957. E. Scientists used it to gain knowledge about our planet and our solar system. Ч а с ть 2 В ы б ерите о д ин п ра вил ь ны й о твет из п ред л а га емы хва риа нто в ( 30 б а л л о в ) 1. Our old car only had two doors, but the new one ___ four. a) there are b) have c) has 2. Oranges ___ grow in Britain. a) don’t b) doesn’t c) no

21

3. ___ you thirsty? a) Have b) Has c) Are 4. Shakespeare ___ in 1616. a) died b) has died c) had died 5. I ___ a mountain. a) climb b) has climbed c) have climbed 6. He ___ play the piano. He doesn’t play now. a) use b) used to c) didn’t use 7. While I ___ down the road, I saw Bill. a) was walking b) walked c) have been walking 8. St. Paul’s Cathedral ___ between 1675 and 1720. a) has been built b) has built c) was built 9. She went to Paris ___ music. a) to studying b) for study c) to study 10. I couldn’t get in because I ___ my keys. a) have forgotten b) had forgotten c) was forgotten 11. Are you interested in ___ to Vienna with us next weekend? a) going b) go c) to go 12. I ___ harder when I was at school. a) should have studied b) should study c) should be studying 13. So you are studying politics. That ___ interesting. a) must be b) should be c) must have been 14. I don’t mind ___ late if my boss asks me. a) work b) working c) to work 15. It was ___ story. a) such a stupid b) such stupid c) so a stupid 16. They don’t use much electricity, ___? a) do they b) they do c) don’t they 17. There was a lot of traffic, ___? a) wasn’t there b) was it c) was there 18. Do you remember ___ people that we met in Greece? a) this b) these c) those 19. Let’s buy this book ___? a) shall we b) will we c) shall us 20. I didn’t find the situation funny. I was not ___ . a) amusing b) amused c) amusement 21. His ideas are so difficult that ___ people understand them. a) few b) a few c) little 22. I always feel ___ when the sun is shining. a) happily b) happiness c) happy 23. I was very nervous about my ___. a) job’s interview b) job interview c) job interview’ 24. There isn’t ___ at the door. a) somebody b) someone c) anybody

22

25. Fortunately the news ___ as bad as we expected. a) wasn’t b) weren’t c) doesn’t 26. If I were you, I ___ that coat. It’s much too expensive. a) won’t buy b) don’t buy c) wouldn’t buy 27. ___ don’t visit this part of the country. a) The most tourists b) Most of tourists c) Most tourists 28. I hope I’ll be able to come to the party but I’ll let you know ___ I can’t. a) if b) unless c) since 29. It was nice driving this morning. There was ___ traffic. a) hardly anybody b) hardly ever c) hardly any 30. Tom is away at the moment. He is ___ holiday in France. a) at b) on c) for Ч а с ть 3 П ро чита йте текс т. П еревед ите п ис ь менно п ервы й и п о с л ед ний а б за цы текс та ( 20 б а л л о в ). Ответь те п ис ь менно на п ред текс то вы е во п ро с ы ( 10 б а л л о в ). Н а п ишите 10 во п ро с о в к текс ту ( 10 б а л л о в ). П ерес ка жите текс т. What do you think of the reasons, which make young people turn to violence? On Violence In most major cities in the world, violence is accepted as a feature of daily life. Stories of robbery and personal attack are common and high crime figures are taken for granted. But a recent phenomenon is causing concern in Britain, that of rural violence. In small country towns, usually considered to be peaceful and trouble-free, outbreaks of violence are becoming more frequent. This violence is of various kinds: sometimes it's Saturday night drunkenness, with young people having too much to drink and then fighting with one another or attacking property; at other times there are attacks on minority groups; occasionally there is shooting by people who have got hold of guns. The police in rural areas are now having to deal with situations with which they were formerly unfamiliar. Why do these young people turn to violence? Many parents put the blame on TV but another explanation maybe boredom. Young people who live far from big metropolitan centres reach an age where they want to break out of the small world where they grew up. They need to be able to get about on their own, to travel beyond their villages not only for leisure but also for access to work and further education. If they can't afford transport, there is a major problem. Many country teenagers are trapped by distance. There are now fewer buses than sixty years ago, and they don't run late in the evening. There is little to do in the villages themselves, especially in the winter. They'll grow out of it, their parents say, and of course they will. But it isn't much fun, having little money and nothing to do in a beautiful place that for them is a

23

social desert.

Ч а с ть 4 Н а п ишите 10 п ред л о жений на тему ‘Are you fond of reading? Tell us about your favourite book.’( 20 б а л л о в )

Составител и: А натол ий Павл ович Бабуш кин Гал инаИ вановнаК оны гина Редактор: О .А . Т ихомирова