МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ Ростовский Государственный Университет
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ и контрольные работы по англий...
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ Ростовский Государственный Университет
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ и контрольные работы по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса ОЗО факультета филологии и журналистики Выпуск 1
г. Ростов-на-Дону 2003
Методические указания обсуждены и утверждены на заседании кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов РГУ.
Протокол № 1 от 19 сентября 2003 г. Составители: О.А. Снеговая, В.Ю. Веремеенко. Ответственный редактор: С.Л. Баркова. Рецензент: Н.Ф. Звягина.
2
Методическая записка Настоящие
методические
указания
предназначены
для
выполнения письменных контрольных работ студентами 1 курса ОЗО факультета филологии и журналистики. Методические указания состоят из 2 контрольных работ, включающих 3 варианта. Контрольную работу № 1 рекомендуется выполнять в 1 семестре, № 2 – во втором. Каждый вариант контрольной работы включает ряд упражнений по грамматике и текст
для
перевода,
грамматический
причем
материал,
в
упражнениях
предусмотренный
присутствует
программой
по
английскому языку для ОЗО. Тексты и упражнения расположены в порядке
возрастания
языковой
трудности
в
соответствии
с
программой. Контрольные работы должны выполняться аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы следует оставлять в тетради широкие поля для замечаний преподавателя. Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:
Левая страница
Правая страница
___________________________________________________________ Поля
Английский текст
Задания
должны
быть
Русский текст выполнены
полностью
Поля и
в
той
последовательности, в которой они предложены; их условия необходимо переписывать. Контрольная работа должна быть 3
выполнена в отдельной тетради, на обложке которой следует указать номер контрольной работы, номер варианта, факультет, отделение, фамилию преподавателя и студента. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указанных требований или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.
4
Контрольная работа № 1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал: 1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания –s. 2. Имя числительное. Количественные, порядковые, употребление артиклей с числительными. 3. Местоимения. Личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные. 4. Видо-временные формы глагола. Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма. 5. Простое распространенное предложение. Порядок слов повествовательного, побудительного, вопросительного и отрицательного предложения. Оборот there + to be. 6. Основные случаи словообразования. Суффиксы существительных, прилагательных, глаголов, отрицательные префиксы. Контрольная работа № 2 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 2, необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал: 1. Имя существительное. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык. 2. Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкция типа the more…the less, as…as, not so…as. 3. Видо-временные формы глагола. Indefinite (Present, Past, Future), Continuous (Present, Past, Future), Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Особенности перевода сказуемого на русский язык. 4. Модальные глаголы. Can (could) и его эквивалент to be able to; may (might) и его эквивалент to be allowed to; must и его эквиваленты to have to, to be to; should, ought to; need. 5. Неличные формы глагола. Participle I в функциях определения, обстоятельства и части сказуемого. 6. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения. Придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
5
Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант 1 1. Поставьте предложения во множественном числе и переведите их на русский язык. 1) This is the building of the University. 2) That is a student of our group. 3) This is a picture of our reading-room. 4) That is an English magazine. 5) That is a worker of the factory. 2. Поставьте предложения в единственном числе и переведите их на русский язык. 1) These are lecture halls of our University. 2) Those are pictures of the great Russian scientists. 3) Those are text-books of English grammar. 4) These are my sister’s children. 5) Those are his aunt’s book-shelves. 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите характер it (т.е. определите, является ли оно личным, безличным или указательным местоимением). 1) My room is not big. It is small. 2) This is a story by O’Henry. It is very interesting. 3) It was possible to see the house from the window of her room.
6
4) It was the steppe that seemed unreal. 5) My watch is wrong. It is slow. 4. Вставьте правильную форму глагола “to be” и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1) His brother ... a young architect. 2) – What ... you? – I ... a journalist. 3) All students of our group ... teachers of Russian literature. 4) There ... a lot of readers in this library. 5) The more systematic ... our studies, the deeper ... our knowledge. 5.
Поставьте
предложения
в
вопросительную
и
отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык. 1) There are some students in the reading-hall. 2) There is some water in the glass. 3) There are some nice flowers on the window-sills. 4) There is a lot of discussion about language learning now. 5) There are some courses for beginners at the University. 6. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово с окончанием “-s” и какую функцию это окончание выполняет в предложении, т. е. служит ли оно: а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite, б)
признаком
множественного
существительного, 7
числа
имени
в)
показателем
притяжательного
падежа
имени
существительного. 1) The lectures of Professor N. are very interesting. 2) My friend’s profession is journalism. 3) He lectures on Russian literature. 4) The poster reads: “Long live peace!” 5) The lecture-halls of our University are large. 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола let. 1) Let’s go to the library and take necessary books. 2) Let her show us the article from this newspaper. 3) Let me listen to the lecture on English grammar. 4) Let them read this magazine. 5) Let him tell us about the past of our city. 8.
Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-4
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 абзацы. An English – speaking world 1. Language belongs to each of us. Everyone uses words. What is about language that makes people so curious? The answer is that there is almost nothing in our lives that language doesn’t touch. We live in and by language. We all speak and we all listen: so we are all interested in the origin of words, in how they appear and die. 8
2. The rise of English is a story of wonderful success. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English didn’t exist. Five hundred years later, in the 5th century the people who inhabited Great Britain spoke English. But they were not many and their English was not the language we know today. Nearly a thousand years later, at the end of the 16th century, when William Shakespeare created his works, English was the native language of about 6 million Englishmen. At that time people used English only in Great Britain. 3. Nowadays, four hundred years later, 750 million people all over the world use English, and half of those speak it as a mother tongue. Of all the 2700 world languages English is one of the richest. For example, compare English, German and French: English has a vocabulary of about 500 000 words, German – 185 000, and French – fewer than 100 000. At the end of the 20th century people speak and write English more widely than any other language. It is the language of the planet, the first truly global language. Three quarters of the world’s mail and its telexes and telegrammes are in English. More than half of the world’s scientific periodicals and eighty per cent of the information in the world’s computers are also in English. English is the main language of business. It is the language of sports: the official language of the Olympics. 4. The English language surrounds us like a sea, and like the waters of a deep sea it is full of mysteries. English is constantly changing. Some words die, some change their meanings and all the time new words appear in the language. 9. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: из 2 абзаца - предложение, содержащее Present Indefinite Tense; 9
из 4 абзаца - предложение, содержащее неопределенное местоимение. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 10.
Переведите
предложения
на
английский
язык,
используя лексику текста 8. 1) В конце нашего учебника есть словарь. 2) Какой твой родной язык? 3) Моей подруге нравятся сонеты Шекспира. 4) Запомните новые слова урока 2. 5) Рассказы О’ Генри полны юмора и сатиры. 11. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) Who spoke English when Julius Caesar came to Britain? 2) Do you think it’s good to have an international, global language? Why?
10
Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант 2 1. Поставьте
предложения
во
множественном
числе
и
переведите их на русский язык. 1) This is a block of flats. 2) That is a shop-assistant. 3) That is a car of a modern design. 4) This is a factory of our city. 5) That is a teacher of our University. 2. Поставьте предложения в единственном числе и переведите их на русский язык. 1) Those are scientists from the Research Institute. 2) These are English newspapers. 3) These are my brother’s children. 4) Those are his friend’s relatives. 5) These are pictures of the famous painters. 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите характер it (т.е. определите, является ли оно личным, безличным или указательным местоимением). 1) It was she who had stopped the car. 2) This is a new lesson. It is on page six. 3) His TV-set is black and white. It is very old. 11
4) It was dark in the hall. 5) Their flat is small, but it is very nice. 4. Вставьте правильную форму глагола “to be” и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1) – How ...you? – Thanks, I ... well. 2) Her name ... Helen Smirnova and my name ... Ann Petrova. 3) Ten students ... present at the English lesson but one student ... absent. 4) There ... a lot of fruit-trees in our garden. 5) Kate ... very fond of sports. 5.
Поставьте
предложения
в
вопросительную
и
отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык. 1) There are some monuments in this street. 2) There is some milk in the bottle. 3) There are some women at the shop window. 4) There are some mistakes in your essay. 5) There is some sense in what he proposes. 6. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово с окончанием “-s” и какую функцию это окончание выполняет в предложении, т. е. служит ли оно: а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite, б)
признаком
множественного
существительного, 12
числа
имени
в)
показателем
притяжательного
падежа
имени
существительного. 1) Nick plays hockey regularly. 2) The plays of this theatre are a great success. 3) His mother’s room is very cosy and clean. 4) The journalists make their reports at the conference. 5) We report on international events at our English classes. 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола let. 1) Let the child have some milk. 2) Let your friend tell us about his visit to London. 3) Let this boy bring some red apples from his garden. 4) Let me send the telegramme to your parents. 5) Let them show the teacher their projects. 8.
Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-6
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 5, 6 абзацы. Changing The Guard 1. London is famous for its old ceremonies and traditions even more than any other cities in England. One of the most impressive and popular displays of royal pageantry is Changing The Guard, which takes place at Buckingham Palace every day, including Sunday, at 11.30.
13
2. The troops who take part are selected from the five regiments of Foot Guards. Their numbers are dependent on whether the Queen is in residence or not. These form the famous Brigade of Guards, and they consist of the Grenadiers, the Coldstream Guards, and the Welsh, Irish and Scots Guards. 3. The men of the duty guard march from either Wellington or Chelsea Barracks to Buckingham Palace with a band, which during the actual ceremony plays in the forecourt of the Palace. 4. The guard forms at the southern end of the forecourt under the command of the Captain of the Queen’s Guard. They arrange two ranks. Before they are stood at ease, the ensign parades the colour on duty. Each regiment has two colours - a royal one and a regimental one. People can see the royal colour only when the Queen is at home. Sometimes the colour has a laurel wreath, signifying the anniversary of a battle. 5. The new guard enters the forecourt by the north gate. As it approaches, the guard is called to attention. The new guard forms into files before it advances to position at a slow march. Later the band leads the old guard back to their barracks. 6. Now a word about the colourful uniforms of the Foot Guards. On ceremonial duty these are scarlet tunics, blue trousers and bearskin caps. Apart from the Scots Guards, the regiments have distinctive plumes. It is easy to identify the different regiments by looking closely at the spacing of their tunic buttons. The Grenadier Guards have singly-spaced buttons, the Coldstream Guards are in groups of three, four or five respectively. (from “Customs, Traditions and Festivals of Great Britain”) 9. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: 14
из 1 абзаца - 1 предложение, содержащее Present Indefinite Tense; из 4 абзаца - предложение, содержащее притяжательный падеж имени существительного. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 10. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста 8. 1) Лондон известен своими старыми традициями. 2) Число войск зависит от того, где находится Королева. 3) Новый караул входит через северные ворота. 4) Каждый ученик знает об этом сражении. 5) Очень просто найти это здание. 11. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) Where does the ceremony of Changing The Guard take place? 2) How many colours does each regiment have? 3) What are the uniforms of the Foot Guards?
15
Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант 3 1. Поставьте
предложения
во
множественном
числе
и
переведите их на русский язык. 1) That is a new book-shop of our city. 2) This is a large flowerbed of the park. 3) This is a flat of a new house. 4) That is a child from a large family. 5) This is a book-shelf full of books. 2. Поставьте предложения в единственном числе и переведите их на русский язык. 1) These are the cars of the businessmen. 2) Those are the windows of our class-room. 3) Those are my sisters’ bedrooms. 4) These are his wife’s cousins. 5) Those are fruit-trees of their garden. 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите характер it (т.е. определите, является ли оно личным, безличным или указательным местоимением). 1) They have a garden. It is behind their house. 2) Her kitchen is large and light. It is clean. 3) The telephone rang. I went to answer. It was Helen. 16
4) His wife’s office is in the center of the city. It is not far from her house. 5) It is quite possible for him to forget her telephone number. 4. Вставьте правильную форму глагола “to be” и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1) Tom ... a very absent-minded man. 2) The children’s rooms ... on the ground floor. 3) There ... much ink in the pen. 4) I ... a Russian teacher. What ... your profession? 5) There ... a lot of apples on the table. 5.
Поставьте
предложения
в
вопросительную
и
отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык. 1) There is some bread on the plate. 2) There are some bottles of milk in the refrigerator. 3) There are some newspapers in the mail-box. 4) There are some clothes in the box. 5) There is something interesting to read in this book. 6. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово с окончанием “-s” и какую функцию это окончание выполняет в предложении, т. е. служит ли оно: а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite,
17
б)
признаком
множественного
числа
имени
притяжательного
падежа
имени
существительного, в)
показателем
существительного. 1) Her husband’s office is in the suburbs of the city. 2) The houses in this street are not big. 3) This building houses many laboratories. 4) There are many pictures in the gallery. 5) He pictures these events very emotionally. 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола let. 1) Let us have a short break. 2) Let her meet Mr. Pike at the station. 3) Let them park their car at the office. 4) Let me wait for you a little. 5) Let us phone her tonight. 8.
Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-5
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 4, абзацы. Late Summer Holiday 1. On Bank Holiday the townsfolk usually flock into the country and to the coast. If the weather is fine many families take a picnic-lunch or tea with them and enjoy their meal in the open. Thousands of trippers come 18
in cars and coaches, trains, motorcycles and bicycles to seaside towns near London, such as Southend. 2. Great amusement parks like Southend Kursaal do a roaring trade with their scenic railways, shooting galleries and so on. Trippers wear comic paper hats with slogans such as “Kiss Me Quick”, and they drink and eat the mixture of stuff you can imagine, sea food like cockles, mussels and fried fish and chips, beer, tea, soft drinks, everything you can imagine. 3. Bank Holiday is also an occasion for big sports meetings at places like the White City Stadium, mainly all kinds of athletics. There are also horse race meetings all over the country, and there are large fairs with swings, coconut shies, hoop-la stalls and every kind if side-show including, in recent years, bingo. 4. People have a rest on open spaces of common land - Hampstead Heath near London. There one can see Cockney costers (street traders), who wear suits or frocks with thousands of tiny pearl buttons stitched all over them, also over their caps and hats, in case of their Queens. They hold horse and cart parades. 5. Many Londoners visit Whipsnade Zoo. There is also much boating activity on the Thames, regattas at Henley and on other rivers, and the English climate being what it is, it invariably rains. (from “Customs, Traditions and Festivals of Great Britain”) 9.
Выпишите
из
текста
предложения,
содержащие
следующие грамматические формы: из 2 абзаца - 1 предложение, содержащее Present Indefinite Tense; из 5 абзаца – предложение, содержащее оборот there is.
19
Переведите предложения на русский язык. 10. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста 8. 1) Многие семьи проводят этот праздник на открытом воздухе. 2) Взрослые и дети участвуют в спортивных соревнованиях. 3) Все знают этот лозунг. 4) Ей нравится выбирать пуговицы и шляпки. 5) По выходным она готовит жареную рыбу. 11. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) What do trippers usually do during such a late Summer Holiday? 2) What games do people play on Bank Holiday?
20
Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант 1 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните
глагол-сказуемое
и
определите
его
видовременную форму. 1) The man who is making a report is the dean of our department. 2) When Jack London was trying to become a writer, the socialist movement in the USA was undergoing important changes. 3) Every morning the students hurried to the University. 4) At the beginning of his career he worked very hard. 5) We shall never miss English classes because we want to speak and read English. 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните существительные в роли определения. 1) She forgot his telephone number. 2) They decided to rent a summer house in the suburbs of Krasnodar. 3) The University newspaper carries a lot of interesting items. 4) We shall see a lot of autumn flowers at this exhibition. 5) My friend studies at an art institute in Moscow. 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. 1) He was to come by 10 p.m. but nobody saw him. 21
2) When our car had been repaired we were able to continue our journey. 3) You may stay here till the rain stops. 4) We must get a taxi not to be late for the train. 5) This work cannot be done in such a short period of time. 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I и определите функцию каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно а) определением или б) составной частью глагола-сказуемого в Present Continuous. 1) Those students are studying the English language. 2) A group of students sitting in the corner of the room arrived from Moscow. 3) The boys standing around the table in the middle of the room are firstyear students. 4) Professor N. is delivering a lecture in lecture-hall N. 2. 5) The children playing snowballs in the yard were very gay. 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I в функции обстоятельства. 1) Coming home he usually has his supper. 2) Having no time she is not working at her article. 3) Not knowing this grammar rule you cannot do these exercises. 4) Being busy we missed a chance to see this film on TV. 5) They learn a lot of new words reading many English texts.
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6. Перепишите пословицы и подберите для них русский эквивалент.
Подчеркните
степени
сравнения
прилагательных. 1) Those do least who speak most. 2) East or West home is best. 3) Say well is good, do well is better. 4) Better late than never, but better never late. 5) Actions speak louder than words. 7. Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-4
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,3,4 абзацы. Pancake Day 1. Pancake Day is the popular name for Shrove Tuesday, the day preceding the first day of Lent. In medieval times it was the day of merrymaking and feasting, a relic of which is the eating of pancakes. Whatever religious significance Shrove Tuesday may have possessed in the old days, it certainly has none now. 2. A Morning Star correspondent who went to a cross-section of the people asked what they knew about this holiday and received these answers: “It is the day when I say to my wife: ‘Why do not we make pancakes?’ and she says, ‘No, not this Tuesday! Anyway, we can make them any time.” “It is a religious festival the significance of which escapes me. What do I remember is that it is Pancake Day and we as children used to brag about how many pancakes we had eaten.” 23
3. The origin of the festival is obscure. Elfrica Viport, in her book on Christian Festivals, suggests that since the ingredients of the pancakes were all forbidden by the Church during Lent then they just had to be used up the day before. 4. In his Seasonal Feasts and Festivals E. O. James links up Shrove Tuesday with the Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) festivals of warmer countries. These jollifications were an integral element of seasonal ritual for the purpose of promoting fertility and conquering the malign forces of evil, especially at the approach of spring. 5. Today the only custom that is consistently observed throughout Great Britain is pancake eating, though here and there other customs still seem to survive. Among them Pancake Races, the Pancake Greaze customs are the best known. (from “Customs, Traditions and Festivals of Great Britain”) 8. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: из 2 абзаца – 1) предложение, содержащее оборот, обозначающий постоянно повторяющееся действие в прошлом; 2) предложение, содержащее модальный глагол, и объясните его употребление; из 5 абзаца – предложение, содержащее прилагательное, и определите его степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
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9. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста 7. 1) Они получили ответы на все вопросы. 2) Только этот элемент фестиваля сохранился. 3) Значимость этого праздника неоспорима. 4) В детстве он ел много грибов, а теперь нет. 5) Все народы соблюдают эти традиции. 10. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) What do you know about the origin of this holiday? 2) What is the only tradition observed throughout Great Britain now?
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Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант 2 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните
глагол-сказуемое
и
определите
его
видовременную форму. 1) He will fulfil this task in a few days. 2) She took the shortest way to the station. 3) My friend was staying with us over the week-end. 4) The dean is instructing the teaching staff in the next room. 5) They give him more time to do this job. 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните существительные в роли определения. 1) She did her home work sooner than she had expected. 2) Nick invited his friends to visit the art exhibition next Saturday. 3) The museum staff will come to the meeting dedicated to this great painter. 4) They listen to radio news regularly. 5) The life story of the famous American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald was very short and tragic. 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. 1) You are to wait for him downstairs. 26
2) Early in the morning the tourists were able to see where they were. 3) You cannot read this book without a dictionary, you must consult it by all means. 4) I don’t remember his address and I have to look it up. 5) Pete may take part in the discussion if he knows the subject. 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I и определите функцию каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно а) определением или б) составной частью глагола-сказуемого в Present Continuous. 1) The girl speaking at the meeting is my friend. 2) He is telling us a nice story from this book. 3) The students are reviewing the words from the text. 4) The woman standing by the door is our English teacher. 5) We are working hard at our English. 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I в функции обстоятельства. 1) Overcoming obstacles he became a prominent scientist in linguistics. 2) He met his friends late at night when coming back home. 3) Drinking much fresh milk in summer in the country the children felt much better. 4) Not knowing about their arrival we didn’t meet them at the railway station. 5) Being tired Ann couldn’t help her mother about the house
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6. Перепишите пословицы и подберите для них русский эквивалент.
Подчеркните
степени
сравнения
прилагательных. 1) The thread breaks where it is the weakest. 2) The more you have, the more you want. 3) Diet cures more than lancet. 4) Easier said than done. 5) Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 7. Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-5
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 4 абзацы. Personal questions 1. Conversational questions may seem to you too personal and too numerous – especially when you first arrive. “Where do you work?” “How many children do you have?” “Do you play golf?” “What is your score?” “Have you taken your vacation yet?” are not personal questions by American standards. They are a search for common ground. Understand that such questions are friendly. The questioner is interested in you. 2. Many of us move around the country often. We meet many people. By rapid questioning we establish an easy understanding. 3. In less mobile countries people operate on a different basis. They wait until there has been time to get to know the newcomer. Only then they feel comfortable in discussing anything personal. Americans move faster, living like a movie that is run at double speed. Tomorrow they may be
28
transferred across the country or you may be back across the sea. “If we flow apart again, we will at least have had today,” say the Americans. 4. To those coming from other countries, the American way can seem abrupt and frightening. Yet even here Americans don’t mention some subjects. They are considered too personal and impolite. These include questions about a person’s age, financial affairs, cost of clothes or personal belongings, religion, love life, and about why you don’t have children. 5. If someone asks questions which seem too personal, you need not answer them. You can simply smile and say pleasantly that you do not know or “In my country that would be a funny question.” Then follow it quickly with another topic. The American will not be offended, but he will get the point. (from “Culture Connection”) 8. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: из 3 абзаца – 1) предложение, содержащее Participle I, и определите его функцию; 2) предложение, содержащее степень сравнения прилагательного; из 5 абзаца – предложение, содержащее модальный глагол, обозначающий отсутствие необходимости делать что-то. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
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9. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста 7. 1) Задавая
незнакомым
людям
многочисленные
вопросы,
американцы пытаются найти общие темы для беседы. 2) Вы были в отпуске в прошлом году? 3) В наши дни людям приходится быть более подвижными. 4) Кажется, время летело с удвоенной скоростью. 5) При первой встречи невежливо задавать вопросы о личной жизни, финансовых делах и религиозной принадлежности человека. 10. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) What does the reading compare the rhythm of American life to? 2) What will you reply if anyone asks you very personal questions and you don't want to answer?
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Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант 3 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. 1) He had a good command of many ancient languages. 2) We honour this scientist for his profound learning and many-sided activities. 3) He will find practical application for his knowledge in this branch of science. 4) She was looking through new magazines when we entered the room. 5) Nick is watching a documentary film on TV. 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните существительные в роли определения. 1) He devoted much time to science reading. 2) The group of architects will complete their school-building project next month. 3) The university library has a nice collection of rare newspapers and manuscripts. 4) The mother bought a new summer hat to match her bag. 5) She enjoyed the flower show at the exhibition hall 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. 31
1) School children have to study at least one foreign language. 2) They were allowed to enter school at the age of six. 3) I shall have to go there tomorrow in order to meet them. 4) Tomorrow he must get up earlier because he has a lot of work to do. 5) Nick was so sorry he couldn’t help his little brother to do the sum. 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I и определите функцию каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно а) определением или б) составной частью глагола-сказуемого в Present Continuous. 1) I am writing a letter to my friend. 2) When he asks this question, his voice is trembling. 3) The boy shaking hands with him is my cousin. 4) The group of children playing in the garden is with their teacher. 5) In what direction are you walking? 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните Participle I в функции обстоятельства. 1) Doing his best to help us he took us to the railway station and carried our luggage. 2) Not expecting this river to be suitable for navigation we decided to get to the village by bus. 3) Knowing that the building had been restored they decided to have a look at it. 4) When listening to his pronunciation she made some corrections. 5) Finding them to be very much interested in this problem we invited them to take part in the conference. 32
6. Перепишите пословицы и подберите для них русский эквивалент.
Подчеркните
степени
сравнения
прилагательных. 1. Actions are mighter than words. 2. Better an egg today, than a hen tomorrow. 3. Blood is thicker than water. 4. The less people think, the more they talk. 5. The worst spoke in a cart breaks first. 7. Прочтите
и
устно
переведите
1-5
абзацы
текста.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,3,5 абзацы. Mothering Sunday (Mothers’ Day) 1. Mother’s Day is usually celebrated on the fourth Sunday in Lent (the Church season of penitence beginning on Ash Wednesday, the day of which varies from year to year). This is usually in March. 2. Towards the end of March you can find first spring flowers, and the very first are snowdrops, of course. In March grey squirrels begin to build new nests and spring migration begins. One day you may hear the loud noise of wild geese, and when you look up, you will see, high in the sky a flock of geese flying to the North. Ducks, too, fly north at this time. 3. The day is known as Mothering Sunday and dates from the time when many girls worked away from home as domestic servants in big households, where their hours of work were often very long. People decided to establish this holiday for these girls in order to give them an opportunity of going home to see their parents, especially their mothers. They used to take presents with them. 33
4. When the labour situation changed and everyone could regular time off, this custom remained. But now we call it “Mothers ‘Day”. People visit their mothers if possible and give them flowers and small presents. 5. If they cannot go they send a “Mothers ‘Day card”, or they may send one in any case. The family try to see that the mother has a little work to do as possible, sometimes the husband or children take her breakfast in bed and they often help with the meals and the washing up. It is considered to be mothers’ day off. (from “Customs, Traditions and Festivals of Great Britain”) 8. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие следующие грамматические формы: из 2 абзаца – 1) предложение, содержащее Participle I, и определите его функцию; 2)
предложение,
содержащее
имя
существительное, образование множественного числа которого нужно запомнить; из 4 абзаца – предложение, содержащее модальный глагол, и определите его временную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя лексику текста 7. 1)
К концу месяца вы смогли показать хорошие результаты своей
работы. 34
2) Они решили построить свой дом. 3) Когда дети работали, родители им помогали. 4) Она всегда моет посуду по вечерам. 5) Обычно они приходили в гости с подарками. 10. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту. 1) What is the origin of this holiday? 2) What do you usually do at this holiday?
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