http://www.ozon.ru/?context=detail&id=91069 ! " # "$ %&'"(
1
© Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981 © 2&3$ (4!5 6' 7(&$6 5 ...
24 downloads
177 Views
2MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
http://www.ozon.ru/?context=detail&id=91069 ! " # "$ %&'"(
1
© Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981 © 2&3$ (4!5 6' 7(&$6 5 8$9 :$&( $, 1998 © ;. < = , (=(6'3, 1996
>4$3 8 = 7$?' '6. @( A C(= 9: @ ;6 '=5
(=$
' = 55 'B 4
(=$
=(
='6(3(" (
B 5?'="
2&3$ (4!5 6': 7(&$6 5 8$9 :$&( $, 1999 #. D6(=3EB (=( 4( , 440 5 =. ISBN
5-86712-025-2
D =$M: 7000 N &. O'=8$ : 84x108/32
* R(=(6'3S
:
D'45 'B 26.
2
«@( A ' = 55 'B 4 (=$ =(» >. 7$?' '6$, "$5$""E( 8 349 $8(= $"5 V 5 3(" '6, 6 (=6E( 6EW4 6 X'55 6 2&3$ (4!5 6( «7(&$6 5 8$9 :$&( $». @ (=$ ='6(3S(5 ( 554(3'6$" 9 6(4 '#' 5$ (49 5 '4! M( 5$8'A(""E( 6'=(" 9, $ (#' ='&$. %?4$3$9 #4 ?' ' 4 S"E8 6 3(" (8 = 55 'B 4$55 , >. 7$?' '6 ' - 56'(8 ='S E6$4 &6(5 "E( =' &6(3(" 9, =$ 9 V. R'4!& 95! 6E=$M(" (8 ;"3=(9 Y '6$, «"$ 5'?5 6(""'8 = 8(=(». > «R= 4'M(" 9V» ?4 Z 59 N55( ' R W "(, @(=8'" '6( 3=., ' '=E(, $ "$8 =(35 $649( 59, 3$S"' 3' '4"9Z '5"'6"'B ( 5 4( A B. 2&3$" ( =(3"$&"$S("' 349 5 3(" '6 65(V, ' V'S( ' =E ! 349 5(?9 ([( '3" #=$"! 6'=S(5 6$ ' 5"( 8"'#'4 '#' \$5 (=$.
3
4
, @( A 9 ?E4$ ='S $"$ "$ R=$&3" ( 25 55 6 6 <'="(445 '8 " 6(=5 ( ( 10 $ =(49 1958 #. (^3(5! 3$4(( 5"'5 = 6'39 59 ' '= # "$4 . > "EV 54 S$9V 3$Z 59 '8( E: R= 8. =(3.; R= 8. (=(6.) > 5'&"$" "'5 =$"A(6 «= 55 $9 4 (=$ =$»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a ' 569&$"', #4$6"E8 '?=$&'8, 5 ?(&4 '5 !Z S"' ='6 "A $4!"'B 4 (=$ =E '54(3" V S( E=(V 3(59 4( B, 6'&" W(B = 5'6( 5 '8 =(M 8(. %3"$M3E 9 '35S $4, S ' 4 SW(( & 65(#' 5'&3$""'#' 6 = 55 'B ='&( 'N& 5 "$S$4$ ='W4'#' 6( $ 5'5 $649( 23000 5 =$" A '?ES"'#' "$?'=$. %S(6 3"', S ' " b=$"A &5 Z, " $"#4 B5 Z 4 (=$ = "(6'&8'M"' $ M$ !. 2 $ 3= #$9 =$5 9" E 6' 6=(8(" "$5S E6$Z "(5 '4! ' 5' (" 6(4 V =' &6(3(" B. a ' '36'3 8("9 (=6'8 6E6'3 . ^$ 6ES( '8 '3"'#' 5=(3"(6( '6'#' W(3(6=$ = 55 $9 ='&$ 3 6 (4!"' 4$3"' 8(5 4$5! 6 = #4'B $8b'=( ='W4'#' 5 '4( 9, $ "$ "E"(W"(( '5 $459 4 W! 6W "S 349 5"9 EV 54 6' . %3"'#' 19 6. ' $&$4'5! 3'5 $ 'S"', S '?E 5 =$-
5
"$ 'S ?(& 659 'B 4 (=$ ="'B =$3 A 5'&3$4$ 4 (=$ = , ' '=$9 ' 56' 8 V 3'M(5 6(""E8 3'5 ' "5 6$8, ' 56'(8 8 ='6'8 64 9" Z, ' 65(8 , ='8( '?c(8$, 5=$6"94$5! 5 $"#4 B5 'B b=$"A &5 'B, V' 9 N 5 =$"E "$S$4 =' &6'3 ! 56' W(3(6=E &"$S (4!"' =$"!W(. R'=$& (4!"EB 65 4(5 N5 ( S(5 V A(""'5 (B 6 5 '4! 8'4'3'B A 6 4 &$A ?E4 ?E "(6'&8'M(", (54 ?E 6(5! 3 V'6"EB ='5 X'55 6 19 6. "( =' ( $4 5 $'B "(6(='9 "'B 5 '='5 !Z, 3'5 #" 6 ='6"9 5 $='B (6=' (B5 'B 4! =E. d ?(M3(", S ' 4 (=$ =$ ='W4'#' 6( $ 65( ([( "( 6'W4$ 6 = # =(35 $64(" B ^$$3$ ' = 55 'B 5 '= . >' ='5 ' =$&6 56'?'3"'B 3'=(6'4ZA '""'B 8E54 ?E4 '4"'5 !Z 5 $M(" &'[=(""'B '88 " 5 S(5 'B =' $#$"3'B 6 20 - 30-( ##. "$W(#' 5 '4( 9. <'88 " 5 E = 56' 4 5(?( S(5 ! ='56([(" 9 X'55 . 7' ? 3( 5 =$6(34 6E8 5 $&$ !, S ' 6' 6=(8("$ R W "$ :'#'49 ?'4!W$9 S$5 ! = 55 '#' "$='3$ '5 $6$4$5! "$ 8'='&( &$ &$6(5'B 8(34(""' $3$Z[(#' 5"(#$ (=(3 9= ' '56([(""E8 ' "$8 $= 5 ' =$ S(5 'B 4! =E. a ' =$# S(5 '( "(5'' 6( 5 6 ( =' 5 ( $4' &-&$ '#', S ' '"S(""(BW Z (6='(B5 Z 4! = S(=(5S = '5 (W"' = 6"(54 6 5 =$" , (S$4!"' &6(5 " Z ?(35 6 98 5 =$3$" 98 (( ?(5S 54(""EV $5E" '6. > ='S(8, N ' M( 5'65(8 3= #$9 (8$. e' 9, $ &"$ !, ?E ! 8'M( , "( 3= #$9. %?= 5'6E6$9 5 '= Z = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E, 4 , 6(="((, ' =(3(499 5 4E, ?'='6W (59 &$ 3 W V 3'M" $, 9, 6'&8'M"', "$[ $Z ' #4 ? ""EB $b'5, = 5 [ B 659 '8 '34 ""'8 5 55 6 , ' '=EB 6'&" $( & =$&=E6$ 8(M3 (#' 6(S"E8 A(""'5 98 5 =$3$" 98 "$W(#' &$ $""'#' 8 =$. \ = N ' (36$ 4 8'M"' 6 " ! 6 '8, S ' '" ' "'5 59 4 (=$ =( $ ='5 'W 4 '?=9 W(, =$& (( "(6'&8'M"' 5 '4!&'6$ ! 6 $S(5 6( 5'6=(8(""'#' (6'3 (49. f V 3'M" $ '5 $( 59 '3"' (W(" (: 6 56'?'3"'B 5 =$"( (#' "( = " M3$Z 5'S "9 ! (6'3 (4 . 25V'39 & N '#' 3'6'4!"' '#=$" S(""'#' 6ǭ$, X'55 9 6 19 6. ?E4$, $ " 5 =$""', ' "'5 (4!"' 56'?'3"'B 5 =$"'B: " # 8'#4 &$ =( !, 5$ (4(B ' =$6494 6 55E4 , 6 A("&'=E W4 "(#'39 "(3' 8 , g#' >(4 S(5 6' 6
6
?$ ("?$=3$V 8'# 5$8 53(4$ !59 A("&'='8 &$ =( (4(8, "' 65( M( N '#' 3 6 (4!"'#' &'?=( (" 9 5'6( 5 '#' 6=(8(" - 8( '3$ = " M3(" 9 A(4'#' 4 (=$ ="'#' '?c(3 "(" 9 5$ ! '3 3 '6 #'5 3$=5 6$ - "( ?E4' 6 5 $='B X'55 , V' 9 8"'#'S 54(""E( =($ A '""E( S "'6" 96"' 8(S $4 ' "(8. D6(=3EB 5 '='"" 3( (=8 " &8$ 8'M( 6'&=$& !, S ' 6(3! 6 3(8' =$ S(5 '8 #'5 3$=5 6( M ="$4 = ?(#$( b "$"5'6'8 3$64(" Z "$ 56' V $6 '='6, S '?E &$5 $6 ! V '5 $649 ! ', S(#' =(? ( $ "$&E6$(8$9 S $Z[$9 ?4 $, , 54(35 6(""', =$&" A$ 8(M3 " 8 =98E8 3$64(" (8 '4 A(B5 '#' #'5 3$=5 6$, &$5 $649Z[(#' $6 '=$ '5"$5 ! 56'B ='8$" 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[ 8 '4 S(5 8 3(B $8 , 4 W! 6 5 ( (" '3'?"'#' 3$64(" 9. 7' N ' 4'M!, V' 9 ?E ' '8 , S ' 6 56'?'3"'B 5 =$"( 5 [(5 6 ( 8"'M(5 6' =$&"''?=$&"EV (= '3 S(5 V &3$" B b 4'5'b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a ' 8"(" ( &3$ (49 - $M3EB 8(( =$6' "$ 56'( 8"(" (. 7 ' "( 5'W4( 8("9 6 3 ( ='5 '=E ;495 , (54 5 '= Z 8'(#' ?4$#' '4 S"'#' $ ( 5 $ "$ (S$ $( $ '(-" ? 3! 5'8" (4!"'( N 5 (= 8(" $4!"'( &3$ (4!5 6'; 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E, $8(= $"5 ( 5$ (4 " '#3$ "( '4 S$Z #'5 3$=5 6(""EV &$ $&'6 "$ &#' '64(" ( N ' (B ' =$3'5 9V 56'?'3"'#' =(3 = " 8$ (4!5 6$ =(""(B 8'4 6E. > X'55 3' 5'6( 5 'B 64$5 5 [(5 6'6$4 , '"(S"', '#=$" S(" 9, "' V 3'M" $8 " ' "( '8$"3'6$4. h 6' 5AE, 5$ (4 '8 '& '=E ='W4'#' 6( $ ?E4 5'6(=W(""' 6(=("E, S ' M 6 6 5 =$"(, #3( #'5 '35 6 Z 3(5 ' &8 =$?5 6', "' '" '?4$3$4 '#='8"E8
7
=( 8 [(5 6'8, ' '='( 8'M"' 3' '"A$ 'A(" ! 4 W! 5(#'3"9, =( 8 [(5 6'8 (=(3 56' 8 6" $8 , M 6 [ 8 6 5'6=(8(""'B X'55 : V "( &$5 $6494 #'6'= !, S ' 3(5 ' &8$ =$?5 6$ "( . i6( 5 4E '3"'6=(8(""' ?'='4 5! &$ 3 W V 3'M" $, 36$ = $ 5 3 4 (#' = 3, (=6E8 ?E4$ 64$5 !. 7$ =' 9M(" A(4'#' 5 '4( 9 '"$ =(?E6$4$ 6 ?(M3(" , S ' 65( "('?ES"'(, '= # "$4!"'( 6 6'=S(5 6( &6 S =(& 'B "' 'B 6(3( =(6'4ZA . Y3 (4!"'5 ! 64$5 ! 8 [ V 9=S( 65(#' 6E=$& 4 7 '4$B I 6 30-( 40-( ##. ='W4'#' 6( $. e4$3"'5 ! (#' "$ =E ='" &$4$ 5'?'Z = 55 Z M &"! 3$ ?'4!W(, S(8 'W4'5 ! '54(3 Z[ V 64$5 (4(B, $ (#' " (=(5 4 (=$ =( ?E4 ?E ='#$ (4(", 5V'3 '" & S 5 '#' 5(=3A$. C '=$& (4!"E8 '=5 6'8 N ' S(4'6( 5 =(8 459 5 $ ! =(W (4!"' 65(8 349 = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E: ='3"E8 =(5 "E8 ' A'8, "9"! 'B '=8 4 A(B, Z=(8"E8 "$3& =$ (4(8 4 (=$ ="E8 = '8. <$ ( ?E $S(5 6$ '" " 6E $&E6$4 6 56'(B 8'"$=W(B ='b(55 , " M"' = &"$ !, S ' 6 '?=$[(" 5 X 55 'B \ &'B '" 6(4 5(?9 $ "$(8"EB ? BA$ 4 , 6 4 SW(8 54 S$(, W . fS=(M3(""$9 8 A("& =$ '5 $6$4$5! 6 5 4( 3' 60-V ##., '54$?4$ '54( 6(4 V =(b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b$"$ &8$ ?Z=' =$S(5 '#' =$?'4( 5 6$ &=93"' 5 (5"94$ V 3'M" $, "' '" 8'# '3 5 $ ! W 4! 6E58( 6$ ! 64$5 =(3(=M$[ (, '4 S$9 = N '8 5 ""'( "$54$M3(" ( ' 8"'M(5 6$ 5 5"EV, =$&9[ V "$ '6$4 = (8'6, =' 6 ' '=EV =$6 (4!5 6(""$9 '5 ! ?E4$ 5'6(=W(""' ?(55 4!"$. i =$ 8'M( ?E ! ' $5"E8 '8, "' (#' 9&6 8'5 ! '3S$5 =(6=$[$( ' $5"'5 ! 6 (=6' 4$55"EB 5 '= . <$ 8 ?E "(3'5 $ $8 " 5 =$3$4$ ?Z='=$ 9 3'=(6'4ZA '""'B X'55 , " M"' = &"$ !, S '
8
'"$ '?4$3$4$ '3" 8 "('5 '= 8E8 3'5 ' "5 6'8 - ' 5 5 6 (8 8$. > ' =(3(4(""'8 58E54( &$3$S$ A("&'=$ '54'M"94$5! (8, S ' '" 3'4M(" ?E4 =$&#$3E6$ ! 8$4' '"9 "E( '4 S(5 ( "$8( , 68(5 ' '#' S '?E ' ='5 '?= W !59 "$ 'S(6 3" Z "( = 5 'B"'5 !. R= 7 '4$( I = 55 B 'N 6E" M3(" ?E4 '5 '='M" S$ !, W "5 ( ' E '3=$M$ ! 3(=& 8 b=$"A &$8 R$=" >'4! (= - 4(# ' '3$6 4$ A("& =$. 7' ='&$ ?E4$ 3'?='3( (4!"$. > = 55 'B 4 (=$ =( "( 5 [(5 6'6$4' =$?4(& $"5 'B =$3 A >'&='M3(" 9, $ 6 3= # V 4 (=$ =$V, $ = 55 B ='8$" 6 A(4'8 ' 5(B 3("! '5 $( 59, 'M$4 B, '?=$&A'8 A(4'8 3= 9. C'6( 5 $9 M( 4 (=$ =$ - N ' 5$8$ "(6 ""'5 !. 7(6'&8'M"' 5(?( =(35 $6 ! = 55 '#' 5$ (49, 5'S " 6W(#', = 8(= , «@Z?'6" $ 4(3 j$ (=4 ». 2 $ , (=6'B 5 4'B, =' 6'5 '96W(B V 3'M" , ?E4' =$6 (4!5 6'. i= #'B 5 4'B, 5 (5"96W(B (#', ' $&$4$5! $" =$6 (4!5 6(""$9, '?[(5 6(""$9, 4 $="$9 = $, 65( N '4 S(5 (, #=$M3$"5 (, =$3 $4!"E( 8E54 (4 . 7 M"' ' 8( !, S ' ' 56'(8 '?=$&'6$" Z, 8 , 5 =(84(" 98 S(4'6(S(5 8 3'5 ' "5 6$8 N 4Z3 5 '94 "( &8(= 8' 6EW( (V ='V'3 8A(6, ''=EV '3 $=84 6$4' #'5 3$=5 6', 4 5 $=EV ?(5 '4'6EV =($ A '"(='6, ' $6W V59 6' = # 5' =95$(8'#' ='"$. @(6'#' = $ &$" 8$4' 5 4ZS (4!"' ?4$#'5'5 '9" ( "$='3$, $ 65( '5 $4!"'(: 4 (=$ = , "$ , b 4'5'b Z - '" =$558$ = 6$4 4 W! $ 5=(35 6' 349 4 SW(" 9 5'A $4!"'#' N '"'8 S(5 '#' '4'M(" 9 '?(&3'4(""EV &8("(" 9 '4 S(5 '#' 5 ='B5 6$ 5 =$"E. 7( '3 "EB #(='B, ?(&=$&4 S"EB 9#' $8 55E4 , "' 6 =$6"'B 5 ( (" ' 65(8 '"S(""'8 6 5 55 6(, - $ '6 ?E4 N ' 4Z3(B. 7( 5 '6EB Y(4 "5 B 6 40-( ##., "(5# ?$(8E( j(="EW(65 B i'?='4Z?'6 6 50-( 60-(, 3'?=' '=93'S"EB &$" 3$ \ V$B4'65 B 3(59 3= # V S(5 "EV =98EV 4Z3(B 65(V V 8'M"' '?c(3 " ! '3 '3"'B 6E6(5 'B: '4 S(5 B =$3 $4 &8, V'39[ B '="98 6 5 $=EB b=$"A &5 B 5'A $4 &8 "(8(A B 8$ (= $4 &8 =(36([$6W B =(6'4ZA '""EB 5'A $4 &8 694EB '88 " &8 '54(3" V 3(59 4( B, ' '=EB "( 54(3 ( $ ! 5 = 55 8 4 ?(=$4 &8'8 6 5 ""'8 &"$S(" N '#' 54'6$, $ M( $ 5 ='56([(""E8 3(8' =$ 98 6 ^$ $3-
9
"'B g6=' ( ;8(= (. @ 5 $9 5 $=E( #$&( E 60-V 70-V ##., 5 E E6$(W! ' =95(" (, '?"$= M 6, $ ( =$B" ( 6ǭE 6E5 $&E6$4 N 4Z3 6 54'6 9V 5$8'3(=M$6 9. 7' = 65(V 56' V 3'?='3( (49V 4(6E( = ' $&E6$4 5! $ 8 M( ='b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g54 ' 8"(" Z A$=(B 5$ (498 68("94'5! 6 '?9&$""'5 ! 54 M ! #'5 3$=5 6 , ' ' 8"(" Z 4(6'B = '" 3'4M"E ?E4 54 M ! 8$55$8. a 8 36 8 "$ =$64(" 98 8E54 5 M3("' ?E4' 65 =( !59 '?c(3 " ! 5 4 9, S '?E "$ '"(A 6 "$W( 6=(89 "'6EB =(M 8, 9649Z[ B 5'?'B 5 " (& #(#(4(65 'B = $3E, 5'(3 " 4 3(Z 8$55 5 3((B #'5 3$=5 6$. %3 " & 4 SW V = 8(='6 5 '4 "'6(" 9 V 3'M" $ 5 = 'B 6 20-( 30-( ##. 19 6. - = 8(= R W "$, (=6'#' 6(4 '#' = 55 '#' 5$ (49. %b A $4!"E( 64$5 6' #4$6( 5 7 '4$(8 I ?E4 ?(& 8"' =$&3=$M("E N 8 S(4'6( '8, ' '=EB, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 6(="' 54 M ! ' (S(5 6 , $ 65( ='S ( 58(= "E(, 6'5 (6$ ! 6 56'V 5'S "(" 9V 6(=M3(""E( &$ '"'8 3'?='3( (4 ((54 (8 $ M "('?V'3 8' ?E4' 6'5 (6$ ! S '-4 ?'), 5'S "94 S=(&6ES$B"' 3(=& (, 6'4!"'3 8"E( 6=(3"E( 6 =W , 6 ' '=EV 56'?'3$ 8E54 5 '4! ' S( 4 6' ='=E6$4$5! 6 5$8'B "'6 &"( 5 V'54'M(" 9, 6 58(4'5 6''?=$M(" 9, 6 M(4$" 6E58(9 ! ?'4!W V 8$4EV =$"'6. k(= '6! 5S $4$ =(3'5 3 (4!"E8 (#' 4(# '8E54 (. h$"3$=8E, 6E5' ' '5 $64(""E( S "'6" , ='3$M"E( 5$ ' =(5 4 (#' 8(4 8 5 V' 6'=A(8, , $ $ '" "$' =(& ' $&$459 (=( 5E6$ ! ?$"$4!-
10
"E( 3' 8(" E 6 =$6 (4!5 6(""'8 3( $= $8(" (, #=$b DZ ! " #("(=$4 X(3! " "$&E6$4 R W "$ '3"'#' & '?=$&'6$""(BW V (6=' (BA(6 56'(#' 6=(8(" - "(6(M3'B ?'46$"'8. j '?E &$3 W ! W "5 B $4$" , 64$5 = ?(#$4 &$ =( $8, 56 =( 'B A("& =(, '5 '9""E8 "$& 3$" 98, ' (S(5 8 6([(6$" 98 , "$'"(A, ?4$#'M(4$ (4!"' ' "(54 5! ( (=? =#5 8 "(#'3998, 6E" 3 6W 8 (#' 3=$ !59 "$ =' '6'B 3 N4 5 M$4 8 ='V'3 8A(8 & ='94 5 5 'B O=$"A . C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, S=(&6ES$B"' 64 9 (4!"E( 4(6E( = , 6E5 $&E6$6W ( 6 54'6 9V 5$8'3(=M$6 9 56' =(6'4ZA '""E( 6ǭE 8"(" 9 6 5$8EV ' 49="EV &3$" 9V, - N =$3 $4E, 5 4!"' ='54$6 6W (59 6 '54(3" ( #'3E M &" R W "$, ?E4 'M( 6(5!8$ "(3'6'4!"E N 8 S(4'6( '8, ' '=EB, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 54 M ! "$='3 5'A $4!"'B 5 =$6(34 6'5 , 5'S "94 &E5 $""(BW ( 5 V '?' 65(8 "$ 56( (, '=$M$6W ( "(6(='9 "'B 58(4'5 !Z 'N S(5 'B '?=$&"'5 !Z. C$8' =$&"''?=$& ( (#' 'N& '?(5A(" 6$4' =(6'4ZA '""E( 3( , ' '=E( = M(4$" 8'M"' =$ǭ( ! 6 (#' "(?=(M"EV, 54 W '8 "(?=(M"EV "$ $3 $V "$ 8$4EV ?'4!W V =$"'6. g#' 'N S(5 $9 3(=&'5 ! 5S $4$5! $= 5 ' =$ S(5 'B &$?$6'B, $ V 3'M(5 6(""$9 "(&$6 5 8'5 ! - 5'A $4!"E8 =(5 4(" (8. R'5=(35 6(""E( ?'=&' 5AE 5 ?'4!W 8 '4 S(5 8 6(5'8 "$&E6$4 R W "$ 8(4 8 = b8' 4( '8. > 60-( 70-( ##. &6(5 "E( = ,N 8 =E '?[(5 6(""'#' 8"(" 9, 8("'6$4 R W "$ '4 V'8 9='5 "' ='6'$W$4 , S ' $=$ 5$ '# 349 ?'5'#' 8 M $ 6$M"(( 65(V l( 5 ='6 R W "EV 68(5 ( 6&9 EV. C=$6" 6$9 N ( E, ' =(?496W (59 =$B" 8 =$3 $4$8 =$B" 8 8'"$=V 5 $8 6 V 5 M3(" 9V ' 6(4 S$BW(8 = 55 '8 'N (, '=$M$(W!59 V 5V'35 6 . R= 8(= :'#'49 ( '"(A 30-V - 40-( ##.) ?E4 "(5 '4! ' "E8. R=(M3( 65(#' 9 V'S 5 $&$ !, S ' «X(6 &'=» «\(= 6E( 3 W » - 4'3E (#' 5'?5 6(""'#' 6''?=$M(" 9, (#' "'S"EV 'W8$='6, "$5(4(""EV 6E3 8$""E8 8, " "$ S ' "( 'V'M 8 5 [(5 6$8 . %" "( ?E4 "( 8'#4 ?E ! &(= $4'8 = 55 'B M &" '#' 6=(8(" , '5 '4! :'#'4!, ='8( 65(#' ='S(#', "( &"$4 X'55 , (#' "( 3$S"$9 ' E $ "$ 5$ ! 6 '='B '8 «\(= 6EV
11
3 W» - =(& 4! $ "(3'5 $ 'S"'#' &"$" 9 M &" "(6'&8'M"'5 (=(5(4 ! '='M3(" 9 56'(B b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i'5 '(65 B ?E4 &$ =([(" S ! "( $&"(" &$ 56' Z"'W(5 ( '4 S(5 ( = 5 =$5 9, "' '#3$ '&3"(( '" "$S$4 =(6'&"'5 ! 58 =(" (, "( =' 64(" (, 5 =$3$" (, =$3 $4E '36(=#4 (#' " S 'M$Z[(B = (. 2 ( M( = 9='5 "' "$ $3$4 "$ D'45 '#' &$ ', S ' '", ' V 8"(" Z, &'?=$M$4 4Z?'6"E( W$4'5 56( 5 V 3$8 4'6$""EV $= 5 ' =$ '6, $ A(= '6! =(3$4$ (#' $"$b(8( &$ ', S ' '" '58(4 459 =' '6(3'6$ ! 56'Z 5'?5 6("" Z 6(= . R= 6(3(""EV = 8(='6, '-8'(8 , 3'5 $ 'S"'. \'M"' ?(& =( 6(4 S(" 9 5 $&$ !, S ' 'S 65( 6(4 ( = 55 ( 5$ (4 19 6. ='W4 N ' 56'('?=$&"'( 36'B"'( S 5 4 [(. ^$ (8 ?4 5 $ (4!"EB 19 6( '"S 459. > 1904 #. 8(= j(V'6, 6 1910-8 - D'45 'B. R'96 4'5! "'6'( ' '4(" ( 5$ (4(B, '54(3"99 65 EW $, 4 V'=$3'S"EB 65 4(5 $4$" '6. a 36$ =(3=(6'4ZA '""EV 3(59 4( 9 5'6$4 5 =$5A6( '8 8'3(=" &8$ 6 'N& , ='&( M 6' 5 . ;"3=(B Y(4EB - =(3W(5 6("" iM(B85$ iM'B5$, 'N -5 86'4 5 ;4( 5$"3= Y4' "(5 '4! ' 'N '6$6$"#$=3 5 '6 6EW4 "$ '56([(""E( '38'5 4 (=$=E. <'#3$ 8("!W( S(8 S(=(& #'3 '54( O(6=$4!5 'B =(6'4ZA ?'4!W(6 56(=#4 3(8' =$ S(5 B =(M 8 <(=("5 '#' 5 $"'6 4 56'Z (=='= 5 S(5 Z 3 $= , ?'4!W "5 6' = 55 V 5$ (4(B N8 #= ='6$4', "(' '=E( '5 $4 5! - 5 $M(8, 'N -b = 5 \$9 '65 B. ^$ $3"E( '?'&=(6$ (4 $Z $6$"#$=3" Z 4 (=$ =
12
5 "'6(BW(B '4 'B, &$ N $" A 5 =$3'5 !Z V6$ 4$5! 5'6( 5 $9 =' $#$"3$ &$ #=$" A(B, ='3'4M$9 4! 6 ='6$ ! (( ' 5(B 3("!. > 5 ["'5 , 4 (=$ ="E( 6 5E = 5 =$5 9 @(" "$ ?E4 S"' '?E6$(4!5 8 , ? =M $&"E8 , 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$ 5'6( 5 B =(M 8 &$4'M 4 '5"'6E 349 = 8 6"'B, ='6 "A $4!"'B, "$5 6'&! '4 & ='6$""'B, '4 A(B5 'B, S=(&6ES$B"' '"5(=6$ 6"'B =$b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b$W &8( '88 " &8(. R'&6'4! ( 8"( ='A ='6$ !: «e 3'M" 3'4M(" =$&6 6$ !59 56'?'3"', ?(& 3$64(" 9 &6"(. %3"$ ' 8E =(? (8 '3"'#': = &"$" 9 "$W V ?(M3(" B». a ' 54'6$ & =(S 3' '=$ X'&("?(=#$, 8 " 5 =$ 4! =E # 4(='65 'B :(=8$" . «<$M3EB V 3'M" 8(( =$6' 6'= ! 56'?'3"', "' 8E, '88 " 5 E, 3'4M"E "$ =$649 ! (#' 6'=S(5 6'» ( & =(S @(" "$). a ' ? 6$4!"E( A $ E, 5V'35 6' V ?E4' ?E 6(5!8$ &$?$6"E8, (54 ?E '?[$9 $= "$ "( 96494$ 5'?'B 5 '4! (S$4!"'#' &=(4 [$. 7( 'S"'5 ! >. 7$?' '6$: ;4!b=(3 X'&("?(=#, '3 " & #4$6"EV 3('4'#'6 "$A '"$4-5'A $4 &8$, " '#3$ "( ?E4 8 " 5 ='8 4! =E. - R= 8. =(3. «\E "$ =$649(8 6$W (=!9» - $ '6 #4$6"EB &$ '" <'88 " 5 S(5 'B $= 6 ' "'W(" 4 (=$ '='6, ' 4'# ( 6([(B '" 3'4M(" ?E4 = 6(5 '964(" Z «M &"(""'B» 4 (=$ =E. %? ( $(8'( (4' &$ '"$ '?4$3$4' S 65 6 (4!"E8 3 $4( S(5 8 [ $4!A$8 : 54(3 Z[ 8 W$#'8 3'4M"' ?E4' 5 $ ! 5 '4! M( [$ (4!"'( 4$" ='6$" ( 5$ (4!5 '#' = 3$, $ N '"'8 , '"' 5 4 4' 5$ (4Z ', S ' 'b A $4!"$9 =' $-
13
#$"3$ 5 5$8'3'6'4!"'B V8E4 'B 8(" ( «?(5 '"(S"E8 8"'#' (8!(8»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«D V B i'"», «7( V4(?'8 (3 "E8», «e M "$ 393 2 5» $ 3$4(( - #'=E 'W4'5 , 4'8( =E ?$"$4!"'5 (B, ' '=E( "'5 =$""E( M ="$4 5 E "$&E6$Z « '4"' ='6"'8'# S 8 » «"(' =$& 8E8 ». 7' 6E, 3$M( (54 5'6( 5 B $6 '= 3'5 #$( ='6"9 $ '#'-" ? 3! a '"$ @!Z 5$ ("( ? 3(8 "$&E6$ ! 8("), ' '#3$ ?(&' =$3"EB b$ '5 $( 59 b$ '8: 5'6( 5 '( =$6 (4!5 6' 5$8$9 'W4$9 '=#$" &$A 9 "$ 56( (, "( 3' 5 $Z[$9 " "3 6 3 $4!"'#' ' 5 $, " 6'=S(5 'B 58(4'5 , 54'6'8, " S(#' "'6'#', 9= '#', '= # "$4!"'#' "('?ES"'#'. 2 3$6$B ( "( ? 3(8 '?8$"E6$ !59: 3$, 3 $ '=E 5 $=(Z 8 =$Z . 7' b 4'5'b 9 #'5 3$=5 6$ " "$ B' "( &8(" 4$5!, '#3$ C $4 " 58(" 4 @(" "$, '#3$ 64$5 = W(4 e= [(6, 4 , $ (#' 8(" Z "$ ^$ $3(, <= [(6, 65( '5 $4'5! "(&E?4(8E8, $ ?E (#' " &6$4 . >' S ' '" &=( "$ '54(3"(8 $= B"'8 5c(&3( ( Z"! 1957): «D6'=S(5 $9 $ 6"'5 ! 6 5b(=( 4 (=$ =E 5 55 6$ 3'4M"$ ?E ! ='" " $ 3 V'8 ?'=!?E &$ '88 " &8, 3'4M"$ "$ '4"9 ! 5(=3A$ ?'3='5 !Z, 5 4'B ?(M3(" 9, =$&6 6$ ! 5'A $4 5 S(5 Z 5'&"$ (4!"'5 ! #= '6 Z 3 5A 4 " ». d ='5 ' '?'M$Z N ' «#= '6'B 5 4!», N = '= , 3 3$ -
14
, N ' =$5 W $8 '6.
[ B,
$
5"(M"EB
'8,
' '
#$&( "EV
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f 5'6( 5 '#' 5$ (49 $ 'B 56'?'3E "( . g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b '88 " 5 S(5 'B 3( : 9 8 =$Z, S '?E C'6( 5 $9 5 =$"$ M 4$ 3$4!W(. >' 6$8 (=6EB !, "' 6 "(8 $ 59 ' $5"'5 !, '5 '4! $6 '=$ 8'# '?6 " ! 6 '8, S ' 68(5 ( 5 S(4'6( '8 '" ? 4 5 86'4, '?=$&"' #'6'=9 - Z"# "$ #'=9[(B $4 ?( 68(5 ( 5 3((B 6(4 '#' b4' $. g54 $6 '= '5 '='M(" '58' = (4(", '" 3'4M(" "$3(4 ! ' $6W(#' 6 ?(3 '88 " 5 $ '4 'B 54$?'5 5 4(# 'B - 5'65(8 4(# 'B - = 8(5!Z '4 S(5 '#' 6'4!"'3 85 6$ 4 "( ' '=E8 ? =M $&"E8 N 4( &8'8, ' '=E(, "( &$3(6$9 6(4 S(5 6(""EV '36 #'6 '54(3 Z[(B &$ " 8 58(= , &$ '""' ' =$63E6$Z (#' 4 S"'( "(5S$5 !(. C '5'?"EB 5'6( 5 B 5$ (4! 5'? =$( 56' V
15
(=5'"$M(B, S$5 6 Z[ V 6 5'&3$" b$?= 4 '4V'&$, 'S $ $6 '= 3( ( 6"'#' =$55 $&$ 5'? =$( "(5 '4! ' S(4'6( 6 &$#'='3"'8 3'8( 4 6 6$#'"( '(&3$, #3( 6' -6' 3'4M"' =' &'B ? B5 6'. > 5'6( 5 '8 '6(5 6'6$" 3(9 =(5 4(" 9 = " 8$( 6 3 $B"'#' 6=$#$, &$8EW49Z[(#' =' 6 = 3'6 4$"'6 5'6( 5 '#' =(3 = 9 9. <$ 6 ?$"$4!"'8 3( ( 6(, =$&"''?=$&"E( #(=' &'?=$M("E $ , S ' S $ (4! " '#3$ 3' '"A$ "( 6(=(", 3(B5 6 (4!"' 4 N ' #= ?'6$ EB 8=$S"EB 5 ?c( $ M 4'V, $ 4!5 6EB, '?[ (4!"EB ?'3=9S' $ M V'='W. > ='4 5E[ $ 6E5 $( 'M 4'B =$?'S B, ' (=96W B #4$& "$ b='" $V :=$M3$"5 'B 6'B"E, 4 EW [$9 &3'='6!(8 3(6 A$, '54$""$9 & A(" =$ =$554(3'6$ !, 'S(8 6E 5 6$M"'B ='3 A $ $5 ='b S(5 $3$( . :(=' - 5 $M(8, b$?= S"E( =$?'S ( - '3'?=$"E $ , S '?E ='3(8'"5 = ='6$ ! 65( ' (" '88 " 5 S(5 'B 5'&"$ (4!"'5 : '3" & " V - 5 'B (, S(5 "E( =($4 5 E, 3= # ( ?(=(M"' V=$"9 $89 ! ' (=6EV #'3$V 5'6( 5 'B 64$5 , =( ! - "('?=$&'6$""E( "(' E "E( 8'4'3E( 4Z3 5 &=93"'B ?'4!W(6 5 5 'B " A (B. j $ (4! 54(3 &$ 3(B5 6 (8 3 $4'#'8, E $( 59 4'6 ! ' 4 "'B "$8( '"9 !, ' & " V 5 =("(", $ ' 5 =E6$( 8=$S" Z $B" . CZM( 5# [$( 59, '#3$ "$5 $( 4!8 "$A 9 5 4!"$9 8'4S$4 6$9 3(6 W $ 5=E6$( 5 "(#'399 8$5 , 8E '?"$= M 6$(8 ', S ' M( '3'&=(6$4 : S(4'6( , '3=E6$Z[ B =$?' &$6'3$, "( 4Z#$6EB 'M 4'B =$?'S B, '6(= $Z[ B 8$= 5 5 5 ( 54'6(S , ?4$#'54'6 :'5 '3! (#' 8(4 Z ?4$#'"$8(=("" Z 3 W , "' 4'6 B, =$&69&"EB 8$4EB, V'='W' '3 '6$""EB 6 8$= 5 &8(, 5 =$W"$9 (#' $B"$ &$ 4ZS$( 59 6 '8, S ' &(" (#' 8$S(V ?E4 4(89"" '8 $$4 5 $. d 6 3(4 'V'M ( "$A 5 5 ( ='8$"E, '4! ' "( 5 4$55'6E8, $ 5 =$5'6E8 '3V'3'8. <='8( 5ZM( "'#' 5V'35 6$ 5 5$8E8 W$?4'""E8 3( ( 6$8 '?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ « 5(63'=(4 # '&"EB» 8'8(" . \$4("! B 'M 4'B =$?'S B, ' '=EB ' $&E6$( 59 '4'M (4!"E8 #(='(8, - ='3 "( = 5 'B"'B $='3 : "( 54 W '8 5''?=$& (4!"EB, "' 5 4!"EB 3 V'8 6(='B, '" "$54(3 ( k$=5 6' 7(?(5"'(, '#3$ $ ?4(5 9[ B b$= 5(B ' =$64(" 6 «5'65(8 3= #'( 8(5 '». %5'?(""' &$?$6"' 6 '3'?"EV '?5 '9 (4!5 6$V &6 S 4Z?'6"$9 (8$. R(=(3' 8"'B 36$ = 8(=$, 6E?=$""EV "$ #$3. R(=6EB - ' -
16
=E6' & ='8$"$ ;" '"'6$ «Y'4!W'( 5(=3A(», 6E [(""'#' M ="$4!"E8 '3$S$8 6 1957 #.:
-
%4!#$ 8'4S$4$. - %, - 5 $&$4 >4$3 8 =, M(, $ 9 4Z?4Z (?9?
'S(8
- d 4Z?4Z 8'Z X'3 " ! - ' 6( - d 'M(! - 6'5 4
E "( 8'M(W! 4Z?
4$ '"$.
" 4 '".
- 7' (5 ! S '- ', S ' 9 4Z?4Z ([( ?'4!W(, 6E56'?'M3$95! & (#' '?c9 B. - 2 N '?.. -
! 8("9 $
='3'4M$4$ %4!#$,
' " (=(5'6$459 '".
%4!#$ 61" 4$ "$ "(#' 95"E8 6( 4$: «R$= 9».
i= #'B = 8(= 6&9
#'4 ?E8
#4$&$8
?E5 =' ' -
& ='8$"$ :4$3 '6$ «a"(=# 9».
\'4'3'B =$?'S B 26$" 5M$4 3=(4!. R'S 65 6'6$6 = '5"'6(" ( 8( $44$, '" = W(4 6 6'&? M3(" (, '5 =EB V'4'3' ='?(M$4 ' (#' (4 . %#4 W$Z[ B =(6 ' ?='5 4 ' "(#' C'"Z. %"$ '4'M 4$ = (8 "$ 4(S' ' =( $4$ 6'4'5E &$ V'8... %"$ #493(4$ "$ "(#', 8$4("! $9 ( $ 5 6E? 6W 8 59 3=9W $8 "( 3(=M 8' = 9# 6$4$ (#' "(B. <$&$4'5!, '?' V 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B 3$= 4' ' '8 6 '3 " ' M( 8'8(" . %" #4 ?'' 6&3'V" 4 ([( 5 4!"(( 5M$4 "5 = 8(" . d ' 5$4 5 '=(( 5 ' 6=$[(" (8, S(8 5 5'M$4(" (8, ( 5 4E, ' '=E( 5 '5'?5 6'6$4 4("(" Z = 55 'B 8E54 6 19 6. ' '"S$ (4!"' '3$6 4 5 55 6' 6 5'6( 5 '8 '4 A(B5 '8 #'5 3$=5 6(. > 19 6. #(" B "( '4! ' 6EM 6$4, "' ='A6( $4, ' '8 S ' '?[(5 6(""'( 8"(" ( ?E4' 5 4!"(( 4Z?'#' A$=9, $ V'='W B S $ (4! =' 6 459 3$64(" Z ='#=(55 6"EV = '6 5 V 4 $="E8 3(98 . > "$5 '9[(( 6=(89, '#3$ '?[(5 6(""'( 8"(" ( 6 X'55 '4"'5 !Z &$3$64("' 64$5 !Z, V'='W B S $ (4!, 8'M( ?E !, 5 [(5 6 ( #3(-" ? 3! 6 D'85 ( 4 ; '85 (, "' (#' #'4'5 "( 54EW(", (#' 3(=M$ "$ 5 3"'B 4 (=$ ="'B 3 ( (, '" =$&4 S(" 5'
17
56' 8 5'?=$ !98 &$ #=$" A(B. g#' 5'?=$ !9 - N ' 'S("! 6$M"', ?' $ 65(8 ="$9 5(8!9 $4$" 4 6EV 5$ (4(B (=(W$# 6$( S(=(& "$A '"$4!"E( ?$=!(=E, $ M( '3$=(""EB S $ (4! - #=$M3$" " 8 =$, "( '3S "9Z[ B59 ='5 =$"5 6(""E8 6=(8(""E8 &$ '"$8. a ' '" - 8"EB, #(" $4!"EB S $ (4! - 6"'6! 6"'6! 5 $5$( V 3'M" $ ' # ?(4!"'B 64$5 8 (=$ '='6, 3 $'='6, 569[("" '6, = $", '?E6$ (4(B, '4 S(5 V 8'=$4 5 '6, '4 A(B5 V, 'S '6EV 54 M$[ V =(&'"(='6. R'&6'4! ( 8"( "$?='5$ ! '= =( N '#' =(=$5"'#' S $ (49. %" "( = "$34(M " '3"'B ' =(3(4(""'B "$A 4 4$55 . 7 '3 " '?[(5 6(""EB "$3& =$ (4! 4 4 ? ? ?4 'b 4'6 "( 8'M( =$5 '=9M$ !59 (#' 3 W'B. g#' 4 (=$ ="E( 6 5E "( ='3 '6$"E (8 Z"'W(5 8 S 65 6$8 , ' '=E( &$5 $649Z =93'6'#' S $ (49 ' 'M3(5 649 ! 5(?9 5 (8 4 "E8 (=5'"$M(8 « =' 5 $ ! ' 5$" 9». j B, &$54 M 6$Z[ B 6'5V [(" 9 S $ (4! ' 'M3(5 649( 5(?9 "( 5 3(6 W 'B 4 Z"'W(B 6 " #(, $ 5 (8, ' &$3 8$4 5'S " 4 ((. 7$5 '9[ B S $ (4! "( [( 56(3(" B ' X'55 6 = 55 '8 ='8$"(, '" 8$9, S ' X'55 9 D'45 '#' 4 j(V'6$ - N ' "( 5=(3"(""$9 5 '= S(5 $9 X'55 9, "' '5'?EB 8 =, 5'&3$""EB 6''?=$M(" (8 #(" 9. 7$5 '9[ B S $ (4! "( " (=(5 ( 59 ?'4!W 8 3(98 : (#' " (=(5 Z S$5 "'5 . g8 "=$6 59 " #$ "( ' '8 , S ' '"$ '8'#$( (8 '?=(5 «569&! 5 '?[(5 6'8» ((54 = ?(#" ! S 3'6 ["'8 W $8 = '6 ='#=(55 6"'B W '4E), $ ' '8 , S ' '" 6 E6$( 6'5= " 8$( $M3 Z 3( $4! ( 5 $, 6'5V [$( 59 (8, S(8 V' (4 '=$& ! (#' $6 '=, 5 9( ' & 8 (4!"EV '?=$&'6, 5'&3$""EV 5'S " (4(8, 8$#'8, 3(5" '8, V 3'M" '8. >' 5 " 4 SW B #(='B, ' '='#' 5'&3$( 6(4 B V 3'M" - N ' (#' S $ (4!. d ?='5$Z 5(" 8(" $4!"EB 6ǭ 6 ='W4'(, 5 $=EB = 55 B S $ (4! 6 3 59 8"( $ 8 M( 3($4!"E8 S $ (4(8, $ = 55 B 5$ (4! ='W4'#' 6( $ "$65(#3$ '5 $"( 59 3($4'8 349 "'5 =$""EV $6 '='6. g#' S 3(5"EB ! "$S "$( 59 6 5$8'8 "(M"'8 6'&=$5 (, '" ' 3$( 56'( 5(=3A( D'45 '8 4 j(V'6 ([( 6 3( 5 'B, '#3$ "9"9, ' ? =$9 "(#' «;"" <$=(" " », = #'6$= 6$( : «i$B- $ 9 (?( =$55 $M 56' 8 54'6$8 ». e'='W B S $ (4! 5E&3( 5 6$ S 59 '5 (=(#$ !59 (=(6'-
18
3S '6, =(&$""EV W(3(6='6, 3 ' 5 V b 4!8'6 ' ?=$ !9V <$=(" "EV, 659S(5 '#' ' 6'=5 6$ 4(" 998 S( 6(= '6$" 9 #(" (6. 2 "$ '"(A, 6' S ' 8"( V' (4'5! ?E '3S(= " ! ([( =$&: "( "$3' 5 $ ! «&$#$3'S"'B = 55 'B 3 W » 6 = 55 '8 ='8$"(. i$6$B ( 5 $ ! 6 "(8 "3 6 3 $4!"EB #(" B. C8' = ( "$ W(3(6=, $ "( "$ =$8 "( "$ 4 A$ 3= # V 4Z3(B, =$ǭE6$Z[ V N =$8 . X 55 B S $ (4! 5 $='B ='56([(""'B X'55 , '"(S"', #'=3 459 R W "E8 :'#'4(8, "' '" $ M( #'=3 459 l( 5 ='8 i$" (, Y'34(='8 a3#$='8 R', O4'?(='8 :'8(='8, 6 N '8 &$ 4ZS$4$5! (#' 5 4$. f 8("9 (5 ! 4 S"EB " (=(5 6 N '8 6' ='5(; 6(3! (54 ?E 8' =(3"( ?E4 V'='W 8 S $ (498 , 9 6=93 4 5 '94 ?E 5(#'3"9 (=(3 6$8 , #'6'=9 "$ S M'8 9&E (. d ?(M3(", S ' 4 (=$ =$ "( 5S(= E6$( 59 '"9 98 V'='W(B " # V'='W(#' S $ (49, "' 65(#3$ 4 SW( 3 =98' 5 , ( 5 , 5 'S" , #4$6"'8 '4! ' ''8 =$&6 6$ ! ('= , ' '=E( 8'# 5'?4$&" ! b 4'5'b$ 4 5 '= $ 4 ' ='5 = B 5! ' 36'= . j $ (4 ='M3$Z 59 56'?'3"E8 3'4M"E 56'?'3"E8 '5 $6$ !59. 7(?'4!W'( 5 V' 6'=(" ( R W "$, ' '=E8 9 &$6(=W$Z N ' =$&#'6'=, ' "'5 59 "( '4! ' 'N $8, "' (8, ' V 4Z? : 7( 3'='#' A("Z 9 #='8 %
' V "( '3"$ = M
( =$6$,
59 #'4'6$.
d "( =' [ ' '8, S ' ' \"( 6 54$3 'B S$5
$&$4
?'#
'5 '= 6$ ! "$4'#
24 8(W$ ! A$=98 3= # 5 3= #'8 6'(6$ !; 2 8$4' #'=9 8"(, 56'?'3"' 4 \'='S
'4 V'6 4! S
(S$ !
$9 A("& =$
> M ="$4!"EV &$8E54$V 5 (5"9( ?$4$# =$. >5( N ', 6 3
( 4!, 54'6$, 54'6$, 54'6$.
2"E(, 4 SW (, 8"( 3'='#
=$6$;
19
2"$9, 4 SW$9, ' =(?"$ 8"( 56'?'3$: ^$6 5( ! ' A$=9, &$6 5( ! ' "$='3$ 7( 65( 4 "$8 =$6"'? Y'# 5 " 8 . 7
'8
% S( $ "( 3$6$ !, 5(?( 4 W! 5$8'8 C4 M
!
#'M3$ !; 349 64$5
7( #"
!"
5'6(5
R' = V'
,"
56'(B 5
, 349 4 6=(
'8E54'6, " W( ; $ !59 &3(5!
$8,
i 695! ?'M(5 6(""E8
= ='3E =$5' $8
2 =(3 5'&3$"!98
55 6
5
63'V"'6("!9
D=( ([$ =$3'5 "' 6 6'5 '=#$V 8 4("!9. >' 5S$5 !(! 6'
=$6$...
1809 - 1852 7( , 9 ?'4!W( "( 8(Z 5 4 (= ( !! Y'M(! j ' '" 3(4$Z 5' 8"'Z! %" 4!Z 8"( "$ #'4'6 V'4'3" Z 6'3 ! %" "( 6"(84Z , "( 6 39 , "( 54 W$Z 8("9. j ' 9 53(4$4 8? ^$ S ' '" 8 S$ 8("9? j(#' V' 9 '" ' 8("9, ?(3"'#'? j ' 8'# 3$ ! 9 8? d " S(#' "( 8(Z. d "( 6 5 4$V, 9 "( 8'# 6E"(5 65(V 8 V, #'4'6$ #'= 8'9, 65( = M 59 =(3' 8"'Z. C $5 ( 8("9! 6'&!8 ( 8("9! 3$B ( 8"( ='B ?E5 =EV, $ 6 V'=!, '"(B! C$3 5!, 8'B 98[ , &6(" , 8'B '4' '4!S , 6&6(B (59, '" , "(5 ( 8("9 5 N '#' 56( $! i$4((, 3$4((, S '?E
20
"( 6 3"' ?E4' " S(#', " S(#'. >'" "(?' 4 ? 59 (=(3' 8"'Z; &6(&3'S $ 56(= $( 63$4 ; 4(5 "(5( 59 5 (8"E8 3(=(6!98 8(59A(8; 5 &EB 8$" 5 (4( 59 '3 "'#$8 ; 5 = "$ &6(" 6 8$"(; 5 '3"'B 5 '='"E 8'=(, 5 3= #'B 2 $4 9; 6'" = 55 ( &?E 6 3"(Z . i'8 4 ' 8'B 5 "(( 63$4 ? \$ ! 4 8'9 5 3 (=(3 ' "'8? \$W $, 5 $5 6'(#' ?(3"'#' 5E"$! ='" 54(& " "$ (#' ?'4!" Z #'4'6 W ! '58' = , $ 8 S$ '" (#'! = M8 ' #= 3 56'(B ?(3"'#' 5 =' ! (8 "( 8(5 $ "$ 56( (! (#' #'"9 ! \$ W $! 'M$4(B ' 56'(8 ?'4!"'8 3 9 (!.. ; &"$( ( 4 , S ' $4M =5 '#' 3(9 '3 5$8E8 "'5'8 W W $?
. . "
. «
"
-
»
C $ !9 6 (=6E( ' ?4 '6$"$ Connecticut: New Directions).
6
1944
#.
(Norfolk,
R(S$ $( 59 ' &3$" Z: >. 7$?' '6. X'8$", =$55 $&E, N55(. - C.-R?.: «a" $=», 1993 #. C"'5 ( ='8( 5 (A $4!"' '#'6'=(""EV 54 S$(6) 3$Z 59 ' '8 M( &3$" Z. - R= 8. =(3. 7
'4$B :'#'4! - 5$8EB "('?ES"EB 'N ='&$ , $V '#3$-4 ?' ='M3$4$ X'55 9, - 8(= 6 \'5 6(, 6 S( 6(=# ' '4' 6'5!8 S$5'6 =$, 4 8$= $ 1852 #. %" "( 3'M 4 3' 5'=' $ =(V 4( . %3"$ ', (54 65 '8" !, $ $9 3' 58(W"'#' '=' $9 M &"! ?E4$ 3(4'8 3= # V 6(4 V = 55 V 5$ (4(B '#' '=$& (4!"'#' ' '4(" 9, N ' ?E4 6(5!8$ &=(4EB 6'&=$5 . <=$B"(( b & S(5 '( 5'[(" ( 6 =(& 4! $ ( #'4'3'6 ( ' '= Z '" '?c96 4 6 = $3 ( S(="'B 8(4$"V'4 , M(4$9 '?'=' ! 3!96'4$) 6E&6$4' '5 =(BW Z $"(8 Z 8'&#$ (68(5 (, '6 3 8'8 , 5 #$5 ='N" (= '8), $ 4(S(" (, ' '='8 (#' '36(=#4 - 8'["E( 54$? (4!"E( ='6' 5 $" 9, 5 '= 4' 58(= (4!"EB 5V'3: '=#$" &8 ?'4!"'#' ?E4 ?(& '#' '3'=6$" 8$49= (B "(3'(3$" (8. R$='S $ S(= '65 N"(=# S"EV 6=$S(B, ' '=E( = 4(M"' 4(S -
21
4 (#', 54'6"' '" ?E4 ='5 ' '8(W$""E8 ("(58' =9 "$ =(6'# ?'4(( 8"EV, "' 8("(( 3(9 (4!"EV '44(#), E$4$5! 3'? !59 (=(4'8$ 6 3 W(6"'B ?'4(&" $A ("$, "( &$?' 95! ' '8, S '?E =( ! (#' '54$?4(""EB '=#$" &8. @( &$ 9 "$3A$ ! 3' N '#' 8(3 4(S 4 R W "$, =$"(""'#' 6 M 6' , $ =(?(" $, 5 =$3$Z[(#' &$ '=$8 . > '= ([( 6(=V'6'3 4 '5=(35 6(""E( "(8(A ( b=$"A &5 ( 4( $= , $ &$8(S$ (4!"$9 W '4$ 6(4 V = 55 V 8(3 '6 '4! ' &$S "$4$5!. fS("E( 8 M , '4 9[ (59 6' = # «8" 8'#' ?'4!"'#'» 5' 56'(B V'""'B 4$ E"!Z # #$" 5 8 4 5 =$8 , (=(5 $Z 58(W !, '#3$ \'4!(= 63= # 6EV$= 6$( =(358(= " Z ='6! "$ 5A("(. C M$5'8 S $(W!, 3' S(#' "(4( ' M(5 ' ' '?V'3 4 5! 4( $= 5 M$4 8, ?(55 4!"E8 (4'8 :'#'49, V' ! '" 8'4 4 '4! ' '? '3"'8: S '?E (#' '5 $6 4 6 ' '(. C '4"E8 "( '" 8$" (8 5 8 '8'6 ?'4(&" 96"' =(36'5V [$9 8( '3E l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h 6' - =(38( '?'M$" 9 6 (#' =$55 $&$V, $ "'5 #(='B-4Z?'6" . h(4 3' 65(#3$ ?E4 5$8E8 &"$ "E8 6" =("" 8 '=#$"'8 5$ (49, "' ( (=! ' N '#' M(4 3 $, 6 5 ["'5 , " S(#' "( '5 $4'5!, $ 5 "'&3=(B 56 5$4 S(=6 . ^$ "(5 '4! ' 8(59A(6 (=(3 58(= !Z '" $ &8 S 4 5(?9 #'4'3'8, S ' M(4 3' "$ ='S! ' (=94 68(5 (4!"'5 !, ' '='B =(M3( 54$6 459, ?' " ' "( 65$5E6$4 5 '4! ' 8$ $='" "( 5c(3$4 5 '4! ' 6$=(" '6 5 6 W"98 , 5 '4! ' N ' V 3'B 8$4'='54EB S(4'6( (65 '8" 8 «"(?'4!W ( ?=ZW », ' '=E8 '" "$-
22
#=$3 4 56' V [ 4EV i'?S "5 '#' Y'?S "5 '#'). g#' ?'4!W'B '5 =EB "'5 ?E4 $ 34 "(" '36 M(", S ' 6 8'4'3'5 ( &'?=$M$9 6 $S(5 6( 4Z? (49 "(S ' 6='3( «S(4'6( $-&8( ») '" 8(4 =("( = 9 "' 3'5 $6$ ! (#' '"S '8 " M"ZZ # ? ; "'5 ?E4 5$8'B S 'B = 8( "'B S(= 'B (#' 6"(W"'5 . %" ?E4 $ 8 34 ""E8 '5 =E8, S ' 8(4 5$8'5 '9 (4!"', ?(& '8'[ $4!A(6, ='" $ ! 6 4Z? Z, 3$M( 5$8 Z 8$4("! Z $?$ (= , (54 , '"(S"', [(4S '8 "( ' 6$M 6$4 "(&6$"'#' #'5 9 (' S(8 :'#'4! #= 6' 5''?[$4 6 5!8( '3"'B 8'4'3'B 3$8(). i$4!W( 8E 6 3 8, $ "'5 4(B 8' 6'8 ='V'3 S(=(& (#' 5'S "(" 9: = 3"' "$B 3= #'#' 5$ (49, ' '=EB 5 $ 8 58$ '8 ' 5E6$4 ?E &$ $V , S V$"!( V=$ . D' '3 ", ' 3= #'B #(='B '9649Z 59 "$ 5A("(, $ 5 $&$ !, 6(&9 56'B "'5 6 $S ( 4 #'=3' 6c(&M$9 5 " 8, $ "(&"$ '8(A & «R'6(5 C4' ("?(=# 9» C (="$. 7ZV$"!( $?$ $ =(6=$[$( 59 6 A(4 Z '=# Z. ^"$ '85 6' 5 j S '6E8 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V» 5'='6'M3$( 59 = ?"E8 #4$5'8, ' '=EB '" &3$( , 58'= $95!. 2& "'5'6 (S( , "'5E 3(=#$Z 59, 5 "'5$8 4Z?'6"' 4 "( S 6' '?=$[$Z 59: !9"EB E $( 59 ' 4 ! 3= #'8 "'5; '? $ (4 @ "E ( $ '?"$= M 6$( 5 8$5W(3W B) - 7'5E. %?'5 =(""'( '[ [(" ( "'5$ 6 '"A( '"A'6 6E4 4'5! 6 '6(5 ! «7'5» - ' 5 "( # 8" N '8 '=#$" . O=(B3 5 8'# ?E 6(=M3$ !, S ' 6 6E6(=" '8 "$ &"$" 8 =( :'#'49 S(4'6(S(5 ( 5 [(5 6$ '5 $64("E 66(=V "'#$8 (6 1841 #. :'#'4! V4$3"'='6"' &$6(=94, ? 3 ' '"5 4 8 $= M5 V 6=$S(B 5$"'6 4, S ' (#' M(4 3' 4(M «66(=V "'#$8 »), 'N '8 ='4! "'5$, 'S(6 3"', 6E '4"9( 3= #'B '=#$", "$'?'=' . g#' b$" $& 9 4 5' 6'= 4$ "'5 4 "'5 =$&? 3 4 b$" $& Z - &"$S(" 9 "( 8(( . d 5S $Z, =$& 8"(B &$?E ! ' '8, S ' S=(&8(="EB " (=(5 :'#'49 "'5 8'# ?E ! 6E&6$" "("'=8$4!"'B 34 "'B 5'?5 6(""'#' "'5$, =$558$ = 6$ ! '?'"9 (4!"E( 5 4'""'5 :'#'49 - 3$M( (#' 5'?5 6(""EB "'5 - $ 4 (=$ ="EB = (8, 56'B5 6(""EB #= ?'8 $="$6$4!"'8 Z8'= 6''?[( = 55 8W $8 ' '6'3 "'5$ 6 S$5 "'5 . 7'5E 6(5(49 "$5 (S$49 . ^"$8(" EB # 8" "'5 6 «C =$"' 3( Y(=M(=$ (» X'5 $"$ - " S ' ' 5=$6"(" Z 5 5' "98 = 55 V '54'6 A '#'6'=' ' '6'3 "'5$. \E 6(W$(8 (#' 6 "E" , &$3 =$(8 ' 5 (V$, 5'6( (8 = 4'V'B $89 53(4$ ! "$ "(8 &$= ? , (#' 6$8 =$( '?(-
23
3 (4!. g#' 5 '4!& Z $ 8(= 6=(8(" , #'6'=9 ' $'8-" ? 3! #=93 [(8 ?'4(( 4 8("(( ' $5"'8 5'?E. \E S$[(, S(8 4Z?'B 3= #'B "$='3, #'6'= 8, S ' 6'3 8 '#'- ' &$ "'5 4 '#'- ' 5 " 8 '5 $649(8. C'""EB S(4'6( « 4Z( »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b=(B3 5 $8) S(8- ' 5 # ?', V' 9 ?(&'?=$&"' 8 M(5 6(""E8. %? 3"' S $ !, $ , ' 5E6$9 V'='W("! Z 3(6 W , :'#'4! V6$4 (( &$ 4$6"'5 ! S(= #4$3 '#', $ 9BA', 4 A$. 7$3' = &"$ !, S ' 34 ""EB, S 65 6 (4!"EB "'5 :'#'49 ' =E4 6 4 (=$ =( "'6E( &$ $V ( 6E&6$4 "'6E( '5 =E( (=(M 6$" 9). <$ 5 $&$"' 6 = 55 'B '54'6 A(: «D'8 6 3"((, '#' "'5 34 ""((», $ :'#'4! 6 3(4 "'&3=98 . %=#$", ' '=EB 6 (#' Z"'W(5 V 5'S "(" 9V ?E4 65(#'-"$65(#' $="$6$4!"'B = "$34(M"'5 !Z, 6&9 'B "$ =' $ & 3(W(6'B 4$6'S #' '6'#' 4$ !9, 8(" (8'B b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b (#' =$5-
24
5(4(" 9; &3(5! 8'M"' ?E4' ?E 4 W! =$ ' (=(S 54 ! = 55 ( '='3E. 7(3'=$&6 $9, 6 V49Z[$9 '5 $5! "(S 5 '#', 5 ' '='B 6 '5"'6"'8 '?[$459 :'#'4!, - N ' 349 659 '#' '=93'S"'#' = 55 '#' [(3 W"EB "'='3(A, =95 [ B59, V 4EB ?(5("' 5 M$?!(B ='6!Z, "$ '[ V "(8(A V, '4!5 V b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b'5 '#' =(4 # '&"'#' '3c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l6(BA$= '" ='6(4 A(4EB 3("!, ? 6$9 9[(= A, 6E '4&$6W V "$ 5'4"(S"E( #'="E( =' . D='5 !, ' '='B '" 349 N '#' '4!&'6$459, 8'M"' =$ǭ( ! "$ 3$#(=' (, 5"9 '8 6 X 8( 6 1845 #. >(5!8$ N4(#$" "$9 6([ A$.
***
25
7$ N '8 5" 8 ( '" &'?=$M(" 6 = S( 6(= 3(=M 6 '" V $4!A$V =$6'B = &9[" Z ='5 ! 5 '5 9"E8 "$?$43$W" '8 (54'6"' ='5 ! 5S(( (='). i4 ""E(, "' $ =$ "' = #4$M(""E( 6'4'5E 5 4(6'B 5 '='"E =$&3(4("E ='?'='8. 7( = 9 "EB =' =$W(" '" 8 5 $8 . 7'5 ?'4!W'B, '5 =EB, 5'' 6( 5 6 ( ='S 8 =(& 8 S(= $8 4 A$. D(8"E( (" 6='3( (V, S ' ' = M$Z #4$&$ ='8$" S(5 V #(='(6 5 $='#' "(8$ '#=$b$, = 3$Z (#' 6ǭ #4 ?' '( "(5 '4! ' &$ =$64(""'( 6E=$M(" (. 7$ "(8 5Z= 5 W =' 8 4$A $"$8 b=$" '65 'B M 4( . 2 (54 ?E ?4( 4EB ' (S$ ' ='W4'#' 8'# =$5A6(5 =$5 $8 , 8E 6 3(4 ?E ? E4'S"'-&(4("EB A6( M 4( $ 5 '=$"M(6E8 = ="E8 5 =$8 , 8(4 8 5 " 8 #4$& $8 ; 6 5 ["'5 , '" "$ '8 "$( 'M $ '#'- ' &$8'=5 '#' =(58E $Z[(#'59.
*** g#' 3( 5 6'? 7 S(8 "( = 8(S$ (4!"'. R(=(?'4(4 '?ES"E8 ?'4(&"98 : '=!Z, 5 $=4$ "'B pueritus scribendi [3( 5 $9 #=$b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«Y'# E 8'B! - 6'5 4 " 4 :'#'4! 5 ?4$#'#'6(" (8 5'S 65 6 (8. - >(="', 65Z "'S! =$?'$4?» - «7 M =$?' $4, - bE= " 4 4$ (B R W "$, "(?'5!, 6 $= E #=$4!»
26
^$ 54 %" 34 3=
N 8 '54(3'6$4 "( 54 W '8 "$5 'BS 6E( ' 5 M?E, 5' ='6'M3$(8E( ='5!?$8 8$ (= ' 3("!#$V. = 6(& 6 R( (=? =# "(5 '4! ' 'N8 - '3"$ & " V, ""$9 8$""$9, &6$4$5! «:$"A
2 $4 9 - ='5 'W"$9 5 =$"$! R' "(B 3 W$
5 '"(
%"$ 659 =$B, 659 =$3'5
'5
( ;
'4"$,
2 6 "(B 4Z?'6! ='5 'W"$9 6(5" ( .
C V 96"' = "$34(M$4 (= ([( «6(5" Z[(#'» 'N $, '3"$ ' '(-#3( ' $3$4 5! =( =$5"E( 5 ='S , $(, "$ = 8(=, $ « " &=( ! 6(4 '( 6'=("!(, 5$8 4$8(""EB, & 5"(M"EV 5 =$" 5 (W » 4 «4 "$ #493 "$ 8 =, &$3 8$4$5! 54EW , $ '3 6(54'8 ='#'6'= 6'4"$». > 'N8( «:$"A ?(4'8 5$6$"( 8(= 6(A, <'5 %
E4!"E( '" 6$M"' =$( , 8'4'3(A!
a "( 8(5 "E( 6'5 4 A$" 9 '?c95"9Z 59 (8, S ' = ='3"$9 =$ "5 $9 M &"(=$3'5 "'5 ! :'#'49 96"' 6&94$ 6(=V "$3 "(8(A 'B ='8$" 'B. Y'4!W( " S(#' ' 'N8( "( 5 $M(W!: "( 5S $9 N '#' '?$9 (4!"'#' ' 'B" $, '"$ - '4"(BW$9, ?(5 ='56( "$9 "( 3$S$. 7$ 5$""$9 6 1827 #., 'N8$ ?E4$ ' ?4 '6$"$ 6 1829-8. :'#'4!, ''='#' 8"'# ( 5'6=(8("" '?6 "94 6 '8, S ' '" 4Z? 4 "$ 5 $ ! "$ 5(?9 $ "5 6(""'5 !, 6 3$""'8 54 S$( 8'M( ?E ! ' =$63$" - '" "( &=9 #4 6' 6E#493E6$4 &-&$ "(4( ' = 3 8$""'#' 5(63'" 8$ >. ;4'6, 'M 3$9,
27
S ' M( ( (=! ? 3( . ; ?E4' #='?'6'( 8'4S$" (, &$ ''=E8 '54(3'6$4$ '=' $9, "' ? B5 6(""$9 ' '6(3! 6 «\'5 '65 '8 (4(#=$b(». :'#'4! 5' 56' 8 6(="E8 54 #'B " 4 5! 6 " M"E( 4$6 , 5 4 65( N &(8 49=E «:$"A$» 5'M#4 V. 2 6' 4 (=$ ="$9 $=!(=$ :'#'49 "$S$4$5! $ M(, $ ' '"S 4$5! 4( 36$3A$ ! 5 5 9, - $ '3$b(, = S(8 6 '?' V 54 S$9V (8 '8'#$4 ' '="EB " S(#' "( =$& 8(Z[ B =( '5 "'B. j ' 6'5V [$4' (#' 6 R( (=? =#(? \"'#'S 54(""E( 6E6(5 . ; ([( S '? D', S ' ='V'M ( 5$8 5 5'?'B =$&#'6$= 6$Z "( =(8(""' M(5 4 = Z "$ V'3 . j $ (498, ' '=E( 4Z?9 $ '#' ='3$ 5' '5 $64(" 9, " (=(5"' &$8( !, $ [(3=' 5 '4!&'6$"$ (8$ 6E6(5' 6 (#' '&3"(BW V 5'S "(" 9V, $ ?'=8'S [ ( ='V'M ( ' '&6$4 5! 6 '?=$&( ; $ 9 ; $ (6 S$ & «l "(4 ». R'3'?"E( $=$44(4 3'6'4!"' '6(=V"'5 "E , 'M$4 B, "(6(="E. >"(W" ( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 "( 5'&3$Z V'='W V 5$ (4(B; V'='W ( 5$ (4 5$8 6E3 8E6$Z V 6 8'4'3'5 , $ ' '8 5 '4!& Z $ , ? 3 ' '" 6 5$8'8 3(4( 5 [(5 6'6$4 . R( (=? =#5 ( 6E6(5 '"A$ 20-V ##. ?E4 "$= 5'6$"E 8"'#' =$ "' 6'5 =' &6(3("E 5$8 8 :'#'4(8 6 (#' 5!8(, S '?E ' $&$ ! 8$ (= , $ 8'M( , 5'?5 6(""'8 6''?=$M(" Z, 5 86'4 S(5 B '?=$& «5 '4 AE» 6 =' 6'6(5 « ='6 "A $4!"E8 #'='3$8», ' '=E( 8$ ! &"$4$ (#3( 6E6(5 ?E4 " S ! "( 8("(( 6E=$& (4!"E8 : ( M( 5 " ( 5$ '# ; =(5 "$ =(5 '4'M(""E( W 5 "$; &'4' E( =("3(4 3= # ( ([( ?'4(( &E5 $""E( N8?4(8E, ' '=E( ' 5$"E :'#'4(8 6 "$S$4( «\(= 6EV 3 W»). C 86'4 &8 :'#'49 8(4 b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
28
6$, &$ ' 49Z[$9 #'='3 - N ' M( "(S ' 6='3( 8 b'4'# S(5 '#' 6'&8(&3 9 ( $ ' 5$4 R W "); ?'4' "E( 3 V '5 '9""' E $Z 59 6(=" ! ', S ' 8 = "$34(M ; 6 3(" ( V 5V6$ 5 8(3"E8 A$=(8 56(4' 5 8$ (=6'#' & «8$4("! V 4Z3(B» = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E, #(='9 «\(3"'#' 65$3" $». R W " S 65 6'6$4 $ 'B- ' &c9" 6 R( (=? =#(; = 8( 4 ?4(3"'-&(4("EB ' 56( (#' "(?$ $ "5 6("" Z 8'[! 8(3"'#' A$=9, 6&3(=" 6W(#' '"9 "$ &9? '8 b'"( 5 E""EV ='5 ( '6 4'[$3(B. 7' 5 =$""'5 ! N '#' #'='3$ ?E4$ '-"$5 '9[(8 '"9 $ (=(3$"$, '#3$ ' 7(65 '8 ='5 ( ='W(4 $ 'B S(4'6( , $ :'#'4!. X$55 $&, '&$#4$64(""EB 8("(8 ='5 ( $, 6E96 4 N = S 34 6'5 ! 5 $ 'B "(&$?E6$(8'B 5 4'B, S ' 5 V Y4' $, ='8$" Y(4'#' «R((=? =#», "$ 5$""E( "$ &$=( "$W(#' 6( $, $M( 59, 4 W! '4"(( ' =E6$Z #'='3 :'#'49, $ "( 5'&3$Z $'B- ' "'6EB (#' '?=$&. R( (=? =# " '#3$ "( ?E4 "$5 '9[(B =($4!"'5 !Z, "' 6(3! 5$8 :'#'4!, :'#'4!6$8 =, :'#'4!-S=(6'6([$ (4!, 'M( "( ?E4 3' '"A$ =($4(". l '4!" '8 '" 5 ?'4(&"(""E8 '=5 6'8 V'3 4 "( ' 'B 5 '='"( 4 AE, ' ' '='B W4 65(; "$3(6$4 =$6EB ?$W8$ "$ 4(6 Z "'# ; '5=(3 "'S = S$4 ( V'8 =$55 $6494 8(?(4! 56'(B '8"$ E 6 ?(5 '=93 (, 54'6"' &$ 85 6'6$""'8 & «;4 5E 6 ^$&(= $4!(». 7(8 3=("', S ' R( (=? =# '?"$= M 4 65Z 56'Z = S 34 6'5 !, '#3$ ' (#' 4 A$8 5 $4 # 49 ! 5$8EB = S 34 6EB S(4'6( 6' 65(B X'55 , ?' $ '6 '" (5 !, R( (=? =#: 58$&$""'( ' =$M(" ( 6 &(= $4(, = &=$S"$9 "(=$&?(= V$ =(38( '6, 5 '4!& (8EV "( ' "$&"$S(" Z; 6([ , (8 ?(& 3(=M"(( "(5 [ (59 65 9 !, S(8 ?E5 =(( '" 36 M 59 6 (=(3; ?4(3"'-5(=E( "'S 68(5 ' '4'M(""EV S(="EV S(="E( 3" - "$ = 8(=, «S(="EB 3("!» '? =($""'#' S "'6" $. D'4! ' 8'M( ' 6'= !59 36(=! '5'?"9 $ ' 3$ &$ ='5 ' 6EB 56 "!9. D'4! ' S(4'6( 5$3 59 6 N $M, "' N ' 6'65( "( S"EB, V ='6$ EB, &$3$5 EB 8 MS "$, $ 6$W 7'5; N ' «58E54'6$9 '38("$», V$=$ (="$9 349 5"'6. %56([(""'( ' "' 3'8$ ' $&E6$( 59 3E='B 6 =$&= W(""'B 5 ("(. >$W$ (=6$9 (3 "5 6(""$9 4Z?'6! - ='3$M"$9 M("[ "$, S 5 ' $ (( - 8 b, 659 6$W$ M &"! - 8 b. «D=' $= "(559 '3 " 8, $=( E 5' 5 $S [ 8 4'W$3!8 $&$4 5! "(36 M 8E,
29
8'5 =$5 9# 6$459 4'8$459 "$ 56'(B $= (, 3'8 5 '94 =EW(Z 6" &, ? 3 $ 6$4 4$5! "(8 "$65 =(S , $4(?$=3$ S$5'6'#' 68(5 ( 5 &'4' E8 54'6$8 6E6(5 "$= 5'6$""E8 "'M" A$8 ?4(5 (4$, $&$4'5!, "$ 5$8'B =(5" A( (#' #4$&» («7(65 B ='5 ( »). >' '" , 6E6(5 . i6$3A$ 4( " B V 3'M" ' $4 $ =$& 6 ' #'='3, ' '=EB ?E4 " M(" 349 =$&6 9 (#' " "$ S ' "( 'V'M(#' 3$='6$" 9; ?(&=$?' "EB 8'4'3'B S(4'6( , 3='M$6W B 6 8$""'8 R( (=? =#(, $ '8 ' S$9""' V'4'3"'8 5E='8 ' 5=$6"(" Z 5 f =$ "'B (5 N 8 ='#'8 &'? 4 9, 5E 4Z[ 8 4'3E "$ b'"( ?(&'?4$S"'B 5 "(6E), 6=93 4 8'# S 65 6'6$ ! 5(?9 5S$5 4 6E8. 2 (8 "( 8("(( 6"(&$ "'( =(W(" (, ' '='( '" = "94 6 "$S$4( Z49 1829 #., $ "( '?c95"("' (#' ? '#=$b$8 . >&96 3("!# , = 54$""E( 8$ (=!Z 5'65(8 349 3= #'B A(4 , '" 63= # 5?(M$4 &$ #=$" A . d 8'# 4 W! &$8( !, S ' '54( $M3'B "( 3$S 6 (#' 4 (=$ ="'B 5 3!?( ($ ='6$4 (#' &4'5S$5 "'B 'N8E ?E4 8 6'5 = "9 $ M( ?'4(&"(""', $ '&M( = S(5 B =$&"'5 (#' ?(558(= "'B !(5E) '" '5 (W"' ' 3$4 #'='3, 6 ' '='8 "$V'3 459. @ V'=$3'S"'( ?(#5 6' ?E4' 4 W! (=6'B 5 $3 (B 'B 9M(4'B 8$" =(54(3'6$" 9, ' '= Z S("E( 5' 5 4'""'5 !Z 5 V $ = 58$ = 6$Z 6 (#' S 3'6 ["'B 9#( (=(8("( 8(5 . C6(3(" 9 '? N '8 (=6'8 (W(5 6 ' $&E6$Z :'#'49 6' 65(B (#' =$5( - '" '4!& ( 59 56' 8 3$='8 6''?=$M(" 9 349 $"'#' "(" M"'#' '?8$"$. %? N '8 #'6'=9 5!8$ 8$ (= , #3( =$55 $&$"' ' (#' ' c(&3( 5 =$"5 6 9V.
*** R'M$4 B, 8(5 "' V' ! '=' ' 5 $&$ ! ' (#' 8$ (= , V' 9, ' ='6(""' #'6'=9, 8("9 8 , '#3$ 9 S $Z 4 (=$ ="E( ? '#=$b , #3( 8$ (= 4'6 ' 3'8E54("E & 5$" B 56' V 5E"'6(B, $ ' '8 "( &8(""' ' $&E6$Z 64 9" ( "$ 56' V &$8(S$ (4!"EV ' =E5 '6. CS $4'5!, S ' N ' "(4( $9, 5 (= S"$9, 5 (6(="$9, 56(=V '3'&= (4!"$9 65( M( S(8- ' = 64( $ (4!"$9 \$= 9 :'#'4! 6" W 4$ 5E" ?'9&"! $3$, ' '=$9 (=&$4$ (#' 65Z
30
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j $ ! (=( 5 :'#'49 - "E4'( &$"9 (, "' 6' N ' 5!8', "$6(="'(, 5 4ZS(" (. (g8 "$3' ?E4' '?c95" ! 8$ (= 56'B 6"(&$ "EB ' c(&3, '" 6E?=$4 349 N '#' '6'3, ' '=EB 8'# = B 5! ' 3 W( (( ='8$" S(5 'B "$ =(.) [R 5!8$ 7.>. :'#'49 = 6'39 59 5 5'?4Z3(" (8 $6 '=5 'B " $A '=b'#=$b . - R= 8. =(3.] «\$8 "! $!
7( &"$Z, $ ( S 65 6$ ? 3 6'4"'6$ ! 6$5 = S (" 5!8$ 8'(#'; "' &"$Z '4! ' ', S ' 6E "( ? 3( ( ''B"E. :'6'=9 ' ='6(""', $M( 59, ([( " '3"'#' 6 '4"( 5 ""'#' (W(" 9 9 "( 3'5 $6 4 6$8. R='5 (, =(3 $9, 6(4 '3 W"$9 8$ !, ([( 3'5(4( "(3'5 'B"'8 6$5 5E" . D( (=! 5'? =$95! 5 5 4$8 5$ ! 6$8, "( 8'# '"9 !, ' S(#' (=' 3='M 6 = ( 8'(B, 8E54 S$8 "$4(#$Z '3"$ "$ 3= # Z, "( 3$6$9 '3"$ 3= #'B 8(5 $, "( '"9 "$9 5 4$ " 3 68(5 ( ' $4 6$( V &4 !59 =(3 6$8 6E5 $&$ ! 65Z #4 ? " 5 (=&$""'B 3 W . d S 6-
31
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a ' ? 65 6(""'! j ' &$ 5S$5 !( 3'54 M ! 6 50 4( 3' $ '#'-" ? 3! 5 $ 5 '#' 5'6( " $, '4!&'6$ !59 M$4'6$"!(8, (36$ 5 $Z[ 8 5(?9 5'3(=M$ ! = 4 S"', "( 8( ! 5 4E = "(5 "$ ' (B 3'?=$ S(4'6(S(5 6 . C8(W"E 8"( 'S("! &3(W" ( 8'4'3E( 4Z3 : '" ?(5 =(5 $""' = S$ , S ' '" 54 M$ 5'6(=W(""' "( 349 S "'6 "( 349 '#', S '?E 6E54 M !59. C ='5 ( M( " V, 349 S(#' '" 54 M$ ? '" "( ? 3 5$8 6 5'5 '9" 5 $&$ !: $ , 349 '#', S '?E "( 5 3( ! 3'8$, "( ? ! ?$ 4 W . g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
32
='6 (4(B "( 8'# 3'5 #" !; "( 96"EB 4 ?E4 &3(5! "$3' 8"'Z ='8E5(4 Y'M B? "( 96"' 4 '" "$ $&E6$4 8("9 N 8 65(8 "( 3$S$8 6 "$8(=(" '?=$ ! "$ ! 5 ""EB? j ' M? 9 '=5 6'6$4, 'M 3$4 A(4E( 8(59AE, "( '4 S 4 S(#'. 7$ '"(A... $ '( M$5"'( "$ $&$" (! d3'6 (( M(5 'S( (#' 349 8("9 " S(#' "( ?E4' 6 8 =(. d "( 8'# , 9 "( 6 5 4$V "$ 5$ !... \$8 "! $! i='M$BW$9 8$8 "! $! d &"$Z, 6E '3" 5 ""EB 3= # 8"(. 7' 6(= ( 4 , ( (=!, '#3$ 8E54 8' M( "( (8 &$"9 E, ( (=! = "$ '8 "$" "(6E=$& 8$9 '5 $ 6=(&E6$( 59 6 5(=3A(. %3" 8 6$8 9 '4! ' 8'# 5 $&$ !... >E &"$( (, S ' 9 ?E4 '3$=(" 6(=3'5 !Z, 3$M( =(3 'Z 6 8'4'3'8 S(4'6( (... < ' ?E 8'# 'M 3$ ! ' 8("9 '3'?"'B 54$?'5 . 7' 9 6 3(4 ((... "( , "( "$&'6 ((... '"$ 54 W '8 6E5' $ 349 659 '#', "( '4! ' 349 8("9. d ?E "$&6$4 (( $"#(4'8, "' N ' 6E=$M(" ( " & ' "( 5 $ 349 "((. ;"#(4 - 5 [(5 6', "( 8(Z[(( " 3'?='3( (4(B, " '=' '6, "( 8(Z[(( V$=$ (=$, ' '8 S ' "( S(4'6( , M 6 [(( 8E5498 6 '3"'8 "(?(. 7' "( , ?'4 $Z 5 9 "( 8'# 6E=$& ! ((. a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ǭ'8, '4! ' '3"'#' 6ǭ$ $4 $4 9... >1" ! "$ "(( ([( =$& - 6' ?E6$4' '3"' (3 "5 6(""'( M(4$" (, 6'&=$5 $6W(( 5 4!"(( 5 4!"(( 5 "(6E=$& 8'Z (3 '5 !Z '5 . C M$5'8 '58' =(459 =$ǭ(4 9 56'( M$5"'( 5'5 '9" (, 65( 5'6(=W(""' 6 8 =( ?E4' 349 8("9 '#3$ S M3', M &"! 58(= ! =$6"' "(5"'5"E, 3 W$ "( 8'#4$ 3$ ! ' S( $ 6 56' V 964(" 9V. d 6 3(4, S ' 8"( " M"' ?(M$ ! ' 5$8'#' 5(?9, (54 9 V' (4 5'V=$" ! M &"!, 6'36'= ! V'9 ("! ' '9 6 56'Z 5 (=&$"" Z 3 W . > 8 4(" 9 = &"$4 "(6 3 8 Z i(5" A , ( [ Z59 ' 8"(, ?4$#'-
33
54'6 4 $ 3 6"' "$&"$S$(8EB ! 8"(. 7( , N ' 5 [(5 6', ' '='( %" '54$4 4 W ! 8("9 ' '9, =$55 =' ! W$ '-5'&3$""EB 8 = 8'B, "( ?E4$ M("[ "$. g54 ?E '"$ ?E4$ M("[ "$, '"$ ?E 65(Z 5 4'Z 56' V 'S$='6$" B "( 8'#4$ =' &6(5 ! $ V M$5"EV, "(6E=$& 8EV 6 (S$ 4(" B. a ' ?E4' ?'M(5 6', 28 5'&3$""'(, S$5 ! g#' M( C$8'#'! 7', =$3 Y'#$, "( 5 =$W 6$B ( (( 8(" . %"$ 54 W '8 6E5' $, 6E5' $. 2 $ 9 =(W 459. 7' S(8 , $ = 5 !? >E(&3 &$ #=$" A $ = 3(", V4' ' $ 8"'#'! 7' 4 W! '4! ' 9 = "9459, 65(, 3 64(" Z 8'(8 , 'W4' $ "(4!&9 4 SW(, 9 3$M( 4(# ' '4 S 4 =' 5 . %3"$ '5 $"'6 $ ?E4$ "$ '"(A &$ 3("!#$8 . ^3(5! M( ?E4' 9 5'65(8 ' S$9459. 7' 63= # '4 S$Z 54(3 (8E( 6 % ( "5 B 5'6( . d 5(BS$5 ' =$6 459 3$ &"$4, 5 '4! ' '" 8'# "$8 3$ ! ='5='S "$ 4$ ='A(" '6; &"$4, S ' ='5='S $ 34 59 "$ S( E=( 8(59A$ '54( 5=' , 5 4$'Z ' 9 = ?4(B ' E59S 6 $M3EB 8(59A W =$b . C $4' ?E !, 3' 5$8'#' "'9?=9 8(59A$ ? 3 M3$ !. R'5 ' =(W (4!"EB, ?(&=$55 3"EB: "' S ' M( ?E4' 8"( 3(4$ !?.. >5( 3("!# , 54(3 (8E( 6 ' ( "5 B, '5 $6 4 9 5(?( ( (=! 8'# =(W (4!"' 5 $&$ !: ?'4!W( ' 6$5 "( ' =(? Z. %3" = 3E 8' 5'?5 6(""'<(> = 4(M$" ( ? 3 "$#=$M3$ ! 8("9. j ' M( $5$( 59 3' '#', $ 6'&"$#=$3 ! N 5 88 , $ 6"(5 (( 5 '4"$, 6E 8(( ( '4"'( =$6' 3$""'Z = 4$#$(8'Z 8"'Z = 5(8 3'6(=(""'5 !Z ='3$ ! 54(3 (8'( 8"( 8(" (, S$5 ! 4 65w, &$4'M ! (#', '3$= ! ='S. ='S. >' 65(8 '"' &$6 5 ' 6$5 5'6(=W(""'. d V' (4-?E4' 5'6(=W ! S Z 4 3$=5 6("" Z &$ 5!, "' " M"' ?E4' 8"( 4$ ! &$ '3" ? 8$# = 5 $ = ?4(B. > ='S(8 6E '5=(35 6'8 3'6(=(""'5 ? 3( ( 64$3( !, $ &$ '""EB '4"EB 64$3(4(A. 7( '#'=S$B (5!, 3'?=$9, "(5=$6"(""$9 8$8 "! $! a ' (=(4'8 349 8("9 "('?V'3 8. a ' S 4 [( "( =(8(""' '?=$& ( 8("9: 9 8(Z 3 ="'B V$=$ (=, 5 '=S(""EB &?$4'6$""EB "=$6 (6 N '8 = &"$Z5! 9 ' S 5 '#' 5(=3A$); 4("! ?(&M &"(""'( 349 8("9 &3(5! =(?E6$" ( "( =(8(""' ='S 4 ?E 8"( V "$6( . 7( , 8"( " M"' (=(3(4$ ! 5(?9, (=(='3 !59, 'M 6 !59 "'6'Z M &"!Z, =$5A6(5 ! 5 4'Z 3 W 6 6(S"'8 = 3( 3(9-
34
(4!"'5 , (54 9 "( 8'# ?E ! 5S$5 4 6 ("( , 9 " '#3$ "( ? 3 5S$5 4 6 349 5(?9. a ' ?'M(5 6(""'( 5 [(5 6' 6E=6$4' ' 'B & #= 3 8'(B 3$4 4'5! ' 8("9), ' =$B"(B 8(=( 65Z M &"! '569[ 349 5S$5 9 ?4$#$ 5(?( '3'?"EV. 7' "( M$5$B (5! =$&4 , 9 "(3$4( ' '(3 : ! 8'B ( (=! 4(M 6 @Z?( . a ' ?'4!W'B = 8'=5 B #'='3 :(=8$" , &6(5 "EB '=#'6E8 56' 8 5"'W(" 98 65(8 8 = . X$55 '9" (8 ' R( (=? =#$ "$ S( E=( 3"9 (&3E. d (3 "$ $='V'3( ' '8 6=(8(" ' =(?4Z ([( 8("((. R 5!8$ 6$W '4! ' S( E=!89 3"98 ? 3 '&M( 3'V'3 ! ' 8"(. R' 3$ N ' 5!8' 3'B3( 3' 6$5, 9 5 (Z "$ 5$ ! 6$8 M( & @Z?( $ &6(5 ! ' 56'(8 $3=(5(, $ 3' '#', (54 V' ( 5$ ! ' 8"(, 8'M( ( $3=(5'6$ ! 6 C.-R( (=? =#, "$ 89 (#' ?4$#'='3 9 7 '4$9 d '64(6 S$ R=' ' '6 S$, 6 3'8 2'V 8$, "$ Y'4!W'B \([$"5 'B. j ' M( $5$( 59 3' 56 3$" 9 "$W(#', ' "( 8("(( $ S=(& 36$ 4 = #'3$ 8'# 9 ?E ! 6 >$5 4!(6 ( 6$W(B. 7( &$? 3! ( = 54$ ! $W '= g 8 , .(. 4$ $ "EB ? 4( ((8 "(4!&9 M ! &3(5! ?(& 8(5 $), 65w M( $3=(5 95! "$ 89 R=' ' '6 S$. D( (=! = $3$Z 5 =$W"E8 5 ' $8 >5(6EW"(#' 5 ='W(" (8 8'4!?'Z, 3$ 5'V=$" 3=$#'A(""E( 569[(""E( 349 "$5 #'3E M &" 6$W(B, 3$ ' 6(( ' 6$5 65w, "$"'59[(( 6$8 #'=(S "( 3'6'4!5 6 9, 3$ 5 '4" 8("9 5 4E 5 ""' &$54 M ! 6$W( 8$ (= "5 '( ?4$#'54'6(" (. >$W =(3$""(BW B 5E", 4Z?9[ B 6$5 ?'4(( 65(#' 7 '4$B :'#'4!-d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
35
='5!?$8 ; "' &"$9, 5 $ 8 3'6'4!5 6 (8 6E 6" 8$( ( 8, ?(= N 58(4'5 !. > &$8(" ' W 6$8 ?E &$"99 3'?=EV "(8A(6, 3 V "'6 &"E, 5 =$""'5 ! =(4(5 ! ([( 3'5(4( 8"'Z "(6 3$""'#' 65w, S ' =' &6(3( 5 4!"'( 6 (S$ 4(" ( "$ 8("9. Y4$#'3$=Z $ M( S 65 6 (4!"' 'S (""(BW(#' C$66 < = 44'6 S$. R='W (#' $ M( = 5E4$ ! = 5'S 6 6$W( 5!8'. i("!# 6E 8'M( ( $3=(5'6$ ! =98' 6 % ( "5 8 (=<$ '=5 '#'> 6'5 <$ (4!"'#'> 3'8$. ='5='S ! ' 5$8EB "'9?=!, "' 4 SW( (54 ?E 4 S 4 6 '4'6 "( 4 "$S$4( ' 9?=9. 7( &$? E59S ' 9 = ?4(B 6 8(59A W =$b .
B 5'6( \'M"' '" '3! (: 5
R='W 6$5 ' '="(BW( $ M(, (54 54 S$ 59 3("!# '#3$-" ? 3!, 6E54$ ! i$" 4(65 '8 100 = ?4(B. d "(#' 6&94 W ? "$ 3'='# 5(?(, $ M( "(5 '4! ' ?(4!9, S '?E "( " M3$ !59 6 S(8. ;3=(5 (#': > W '4 #6$=3(B5 V '3 =$ '=[ '6 C "(#' 8'5 . k(4 Z E59S =$& 8 4EV 5(5 = A 8' V, ;" "! @ & . X$3 Y'#$, = 4$#$B ( 6'&8'M"'( ' (S(" ( ' 6'5 $" ;" "! ; 5 $=$B (5! (B 3$ ! =$& 8( ! 9&E 65( '4(&"'(. d =(3=( $Z 6$8, S ' N ' 3 6 (4!"'( 3 9 ? 3( #(" B, $ '#' "( 6 3E6$4 ». d = 6(4 5!8' A(4 '8, ' '8 S ' '"' "$ '8 "$( 8' ' W(=5 , S! =$&"'A6( "E( " ? 3 ' '8 6 4(("E 6 '54(3 Z[ ( 6E5 $&E6$" 9 :'#'49. R=(M3( 65(#', $ 'B ?E " ?E4$ (#' 4Z?'6"$9 M &"! ("$5 '4! ' &6(5 "', 6 &=(4E( #'3E '" 6E $&E6$4 '4"'( =$6"'3 W ( M("5 '8 '4 ), 95"', S ' "$8( "$ «6'&6EW(""'( 5'&3$" (», "$ 9&ES(5 Z ?'# "Z, ' 5 =$""'B = V' 5'&3$"" Z V= 5 $"5 8 Y'#'8, - '?=$&S 6 (6$ '#' ?(55'6(5 "'#' 6E8E54$. 7( #'6'=9 M ' '8, S ' ?4 M$BW ( 3= &!9 $ (#'= S(5 6(=M3$4 , ? 3 ' " S(#' 3$M( ' 3$4(""' "$ '8 "$6W(#' ='8$" S(5 Z 3=$8 8'4'3'B :'#'4! " '#3$ "( (=(M 6$4, 5 4! N 'B S$5 5!8$ 3' 58(W"'#' =' 6'=(S (#' ='&$ S(5 '8 A(4'8 (5 '? $ 6 '3"'8 & $?&$A(6 '3S(= 6$( (( S M(='3" Z = ='3 ), $6 '=$ 8'M"' &$ '3'&= ! 6 '8, S ' '" ='5 ' (=( 5$4 5' & $ 'B- ' '6(5W , ' '= Z 5'S "94 6 '3=$M$" ( 54$3 '=(S 6'B
36
?(44( = 5 ( 56'(#' 6=(8(" . R$55$M ' "'5 (4!"' ?(5 4'3"'5 3$M( #=(V'6"'5 5 4 B 5 $ ! #'='35 8 S "'6" '8-? 8$#'8$=$ 'B, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 6'&3(4E6$ ! &(84Z, 3$"" Z 5$8 8 Y'#'8 = 55 8 '8([ $8, =(36'5V [$( 3( , ' '=E( :'#'4! =$&6 4 6 56' V «>E?=$""EV 8(5 $V & (=( 5 5 3= &!98 »; ', S ' 5$8 '" '4! ' 8(S $4 $ -" ? 3! =$&3(4$ !59 5 N 'B &(84(B, ([( ?'4!W( 5 # ?49( "(5 =$&"'5 ! (#' 5!8$. R= &E6 ='6 3(" Z 4 , 6(="((, 5 =$""$9 5 4'""'5 ! (=$&3(49(8$9 (#' 8$ (=!Z) '?c95"9 ! Y'M!8 ='8E54'8 4Z?'B 56'B $ = & 4 54 S$B"'( 5'?E(, 6 ' '=EV 4 W! '" ( 4 '"$) '[ [$( 3 V 569 '5 , $ M( 'S("! V$=$ (="E ' $&E6$Z , $ 'B "$5E[(""'B 6'=S(5 'B b$" $& (B ($ ' '8 8( $b & S(5 '#=$" S(""'B) ?E4$ =(4 # '&"'5 ! :'#'49 $ 8$4' '" &$8(S$4 5 '4! 5 =$W 6W(#' (#' 3!96'4$, '#3$ ' '3$4 6$4 (#' = 5' 5 ='S 6W 8 ?(& 5 $4 (='8. \E S $(8, $ , '?5 3 6 5 '& A B ='6 3(" 9 '='S" Z 3(B5 6 (4!"'5 ! = 55 '#' ?Z=' =$ &8$, '" M( = ?(#$( N '8 M( ='6 3(" Z, S '?E '"' '3 6(=3 4' (#' 5'?5 6("" Z 6E3 8 . R'" 8$9, S ' ' 6=$[(" ( '" '=5 'B =$?' ( "( ' $M( 59 8$ (= ?(3 (4!"E8 3'6'3'8 '"$, $ 659 $9 ='6 "A $4!"$9 3$8$ 'B '=E, 6$M$( « '44(M5 '#' $5(55'=$» 8("!W(, S(8 « '44(M5 '#' 5'6( " $» (&6$" 9 6 $B5 'B (=$=V '#3$W"(B X'55 ), '" 6E3 8$4 ?'4(( ='8$" S(5 '( '?c95"(" ( 56'(#' ?(#5 6$. 2 "$8( " 4 ("$8( $ N '#' (#' 8$ ! "( '"94$), S ' =(38( (#' 5 =$5 - 3(6 A$ 6E5' '='3"$9, ?E ! 8'M( , 3$M( 3'S! 3(B5 6 (4!"'#' 5 $ 5 '#' 5'6( " $. D$ S$5 ! 5!8$, ' '=$9 '='M3("$ "( '3"'B 4 W! b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
37
W$Z[(8 N $ ( 56'(B 4 (=$ ="'B M &" : 349 '#' S '?E «6 W '3 "'S(5 6$» 5'6(=W ! "(S ' 6$M"'( 349 ?4$#$ «5(?( '3'?"EV», ' '=EV 6 =($4!"'B M &" '" $ S M3$459, (8 "('?V'3 8$ '?5 $"'6 $ S M'B 5 =$"E, 4Z?'B S M'B 5 =$"E. 13 $6# 5 $ 1829 #., '3( EB 6 56'B 4 SW B 5 " B 5Z= 5 8(3"E8 #'6 A$8 , '" 6E5$3 459 6 @Z?( ( 5=$& M( "$ 5$4 ([( '3"' 5!8' 8$ (= , #3( = 6(4 "'6'( 5 #'4'S 5 '4! M( 6E3 8$""'( '?c95"(" ( 56'(#' ' c(&3$ & R( (=? =#$: «d, $M( 59, &$?E4 '?c96 ! 6$8 #4$6"'B = S "E, &$5 $6 6W(B 8("9 8(""' (V$ ! 6 @Z?( . >' 65w 'S 6=(89 6(5"E 4( $ 6 R( (=? =#( 9 ?E4 ?'4("; ( (=! V' 9 &3'='6, "' 8("9 6E5E $4$ ' 65(8 4 A = $8 ?'4!W$9 5E !. i' '=$ 5 $&$4 , S ' N ' 54(35 6 ( &'4' V , S ' 8("9 ='6! =( ' 5'=S("$, S ' 8"( " M"' ?E4' = " 8$ ! ='6''S 5 (4!"EB 3( ' , = 5 3 4 '4!&'6$ !59 6'3$8 6 D=$6(8 "3( [> 5'6=(8(""'B '=b'#=$b - D=$6(8Z"3( (#'='3 6 :(=8$" , &(849 l4(&6 #-:'4!W (B") - R= 8. =(3.], 6 "(?'4!W'8 #'='3 (, 6 18 6(=5 $V ' @Z?( $...» %", $ 6 3"', 5'6(=W(""' &$?E4 ' 56'(B =(M"(B ='8$" S(5 'B 6E3 8 (, "', "(5S$5 !Z, (( "( &$?E4$ 8$ !. C' '5 $6 6 $ "5 6("" Z 5 =$5 ! 5 '4! M( $ "5 6("" Z 5E !, 'S (""$9 3$8$ 53(4$4$ '5 (W"EB 6E6'3, S ' 5E" (( 569&$459 5 3'='#'B ' ' 'B 5V6$ 4 6("(= S(5 Z ?'4(&"!. R'4 S 6 (( ' 6( "$ 56' 36$ 5!8$, :'#'4! = W(4 6 M$5. %" ([( "( =$& 6 56'(B M &" '4 S "('M 3$"" Z ' '6(3!, &$ =$ 6 "(8$4' 5 4 B, b$" $& =$5"'=(S 9, S '?E 5'&3$ ! 4'M"'( =(35 $64(" ( 56' V $3=(5$ '6 $5$ (4!"' $ '#'" ? 3! 56'(#' M(4$" 9 4 "$8(=(" 9. g#' &$ (9 "( 6("S$4$5! 5 (V'8, , 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 'S(=(3" Z 6E3 8 = &"$4 4 V' 9 ?E '36(=#4 = ( 6 (( M( =(3(4$V 6 '8 M( 4ZS(, "$#=$3'B (8 ? 3( #"(6"EB ' = "(#'3'6$" (. j(8 ?'4!W( $b'5$ '" 64'M , S(8 '=M(5 6(""(( 6'&!8( '", S(8 #4 ?M( ? 3 (#' S 65 6$ 4 ' =$B"(B 8(=( ( S 65 6$, ' '=E( '" 6E=$& 5$8E8 "$?'M"E8 =$&3=$M$Z[ 8 54'#'8, (8 5 4!"(( "('M 3$""(( ? 3( '4 S(""EB ' '=. %" =$5 5 65( 56' $= 5$ "$ =( S$BW(8 6( = 63= # &$5 = 4(8 ' $8(" 5 '8 3" S 3'6 [-
38
"'#' "( '" 8$" 9. g#' ' 6( "$ 5!8' 8$ (= , =(6=$ "' '"96W(B 6(=5 Z, ' '= Z '" $ [$ (4!"' &'?=( $4 ( '# ? 4' M( 6E8E5(4 "( =(36 3(""'( 5''5 $64(" ( 36 V (#' '4'6 ", ?' " S ' "( 3$( 6 = 3!96'4 $ '#' '= M 9, $ 36'(" ( = S " 349 69[(B =$63' '3'?"'5 ), M( =(36([$( ' "(3' 8(" (, ''='( '" 5 E $( S(=(& "(5 '4! ' 4( , &"$6 '? ' "'W(" 3= &(B (#' 6ǭ "$ '?9&$""'5 '8([ '6 4 (#' "$8(=(" Z $"'" 8"' 6"(5 56' 4 (=$ ="E( #'"'=$=E 6 '8'[! " M3$Z[ 859 5 3(" $8, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 4$ ! 3'4# "( 8("(( " M3$Z[ 859 3= &!98. >'&8 [(""' ' ='6(=#" 6 4'M"'( 5 '4 '6$" ( 56'(#' 5!8$, '" &4$#$( 8$ (= ([( '3" 6(=5 Z 56'(#' ' c(&3$ & R( (=? =#$ - (#' ? '#=$bE 6 39 6 "(B "$8( "$ (#' 3 W(6"'( 5'5 '9" ( '54( "( 3$S «:$"A$ ' 6$8 8'( = &"$" (: '3" '4! ' #'=3E( '8E54E Z"'5 , =' 5 ( $6W (, '3"$ ' M, & S 5 '#' 5 'S" $, & '3"'#' '4! ' 4$8(""'#' M(4$" 9 ?E ! '4(&"E8, "( ? 3 S 8(=9(8E ?4$#'=$& 8 (8, &$64( 4 8("9 54 W '8 3$4( '». D= 3"' 5 $&$ !, $ '" ='6(4 ( 36$ 8(59A$ &$ #=$" A(B (6 @Z?( (, D=$6(8Z"3( :$8? =#(). %3 " & ? '#=$b'6 3$M( 6(=M3$( , ? 3 ' '" 6 ' 4( ' 6'65( "( (&3 4 &$ #=$" A , $ '5 $6$459 6 R((=? =#( ( $ M(, $ "(5 '4! ' 4( 5 5 9 :'#'4! '?8$"E6$4 8$ !, 3 8$6W Z, S ' 5E" (( 65( ([( 6 D= (5 (, V' 9 '" M( 6(=" 459 6 \'5 6 ). > 5!8$V :'#'4! $ ' 5 =$""', ? 3 ' 5'", ' 5E6$( 6 3E @Z?( $. 2" (=(5"' &$8( !, S ' (#' ' 5$" ( =$" '6 "$ 4Z?( 5 '8 5'?'=( («<'#3$ "$5 $"( 12 S$5'6, ?'4!W$9 8=$8'="$9 b # =$ 66(=V ?!( 6 '4' '4 12 =$&. i6(= 5 W 8'8 ' 6'=9Z 59 66(=V ; & " V 6EV'39 5 ='B"' '3 " &$ 3= # 8 12 $ '5 '4'6, 6 '?E "'6(""EB S(4'6(S(5 B ='5 , 'Z "$ 4'"9Z 59 $M3EB, '#3$ ='V'39 8 8' &6$9" 9 2 5 5$ e= 5 $...») 4(#4' 6 '5"'6 'W8$=$, ' '=EB 8$ ! (#' 6 3(4$ W(5 ! 4( 5 5 9; "(5S$5 !9, ' '=E(, $ '"$ 6''?=$M$4$, 5 =954 5! 5 7 '4$(8, (=(8(W$4 5! "(( 6 5'&"$" 5 b # =$8 "$ =$" $V, , ?E ! 8'M( , N ' 5'", ='='S 6W B 5 =$3$" 9 5E"$ 6 #'3E (#' =(4 # '&"'B 8$" , ?E4 "( $ M 4 W(" 58E54$. d 4Z?4Z 54(3 ! &$ 5 =$""E8 'S(= $" 98 ("(B, $6W V "$ 3$4( ( M &" , 8"'#' ?E 3$4, S '?E
39
&"$ ! b$8 4 Z ='3 &$"9 B '#' ?(&E89""'#' $8(= $"A$ («#=$M3$" "$ & ;8(= $"5 V l $ '6», $ 6E=$& 459 :'#'4!), ' '=EB 68(5 ( 5' W6(BA$=5 'B S( 'B, $"#4 S$" "'8 "3 5'8 (6 #'3 8$ (= =(6=$[(""E8 6 « "3(B5 '#' "$?'?$»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a ' ?E4' (#' '54(3"(B ' E 'B 4'" !59 ' #'5 3$=5 6(""'B 54 M?E, ' '8 S ' 6 '"A( 1829 #. 8E "$V'3 8 (#' "$ 3'4M"'5 S "'6" $, "' 6 '5"'6"'8 (#' 3(9 (4!"'5 ! "$ N '8 ' = [( &$ 4ZS$4$5! 6 (=(V'3( & '3"'#' = 5 5 6(""'#' 8(5 $ 6 3= #'(. > "$S$4( 1830 #. '" "$(S$ $4 =$55 $&, ' '=EB '&3"(( 6'W(4 6 (=6EB '8 (#' =$ "5 V '6(5 (B («>(S(=$ "$ V '=( ?4 & i $"! »). > N ' M( 6=(89 6 «C(6(="EV A6( $V» '96 4 5! #4$6E & 5 '= S(5 '#' ='8$"$ (54$6$ Y'# , $ "( ' '"S(""'#'); M ="$4 =(3$ ='6$4 i(4!6 #, 'N $" '4'# S(5 '#' 5 4$3$, 5 4'""EB 4$55 S(5 '8 V'4'3 #( &$8( =$. :4$6E 5 '= S(5 '#' ='8$"$ '3 5$"E «0000». j( 6(= $ " 4(B, $ #'6'=9 , =' &'W4$ ' S( E=(V «'» 6 8(" 7 '4$B :'#'4!-d"'65 B. >E?'= 5 ' E, 3$ ([( 8"'M(""'B 6S( 6(=', S '?E 5 =E ! 56'( «9», 'S("! V$=$ (=(" 349 :'#'49. > '3"'8 & 56'V 8"'#'S 54(""EV '54$" B 8$ (= '" $ ' 5E6$( 56'B 3("!:
40
«> 9 S$5'6 =$ ' =$649Z5! 9 $M3EB 3("! 6 56'Z 3'4M"'5 ! ='?E6$Z $8 3' 3-V S$5'6, 6 '4'6 "( S( 6(= '#' 9 '?(3$Z, '54( '?(3$ 6 5 S$5'6 ' =$649Z5! 9 6 4$55, 6 $ $3(8 Z V 3'M(5 6, #3( &$" 8$Z5! M 6' 5!Z, ' '= Z 9 " $ "( 6 5'5 '9" '5 $6 !... ('" W( 3$4((, S ' (8 = 9 "' '4(&"' '?[(" ( 5 ?'4(( 4 8("(( &"$8(" E8 V 3'M" $8 ) 9 "( 8'# "( 6'5V [$ !59 V V$=$ (='8 '?=$[(" (8; S ' N ' &$ 4Z3 ! f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». i(4!6 # =( '8("3'6$4 8'4'3'#' :'#'49 'N h '65 '8 , $ ' - 4 (=$ ="'8 = " 6(=5 ( 5 '8 ='b(55'= R4( "(6 , ' '=EB $89 (" #4$6"E8 '?=$&'8 (8, S ' R W " '569 4 (8 «g6#(" 9 %"(# "$». R4( "(6 '5'?(""' h '65 B 5 $4 ?4 & 8 3= &!98 :'#'49. > 89# '8, "$?'M"'8, 8(3' 'S 6'8 h '65 '8 (8 65 =( 459 ' 3 V'6"EB (8 (=$8(" , ''=EB 8'M"' 5S(5 ! $='3 (B "$ (#' 5'?5 6(""EB, (54 '5 $6 ! 6 5 '='"( 9='5 " Z, 'S 5=(3"(6( '6 Z 5 =$5 !, $ Z :'#'4! 6 4$3E6$4 6 56'Z 8( $b & . h '65 B ?E4 '=$& (4!"E8 (=(6'3S '8 6 (=(6'3$V & k(34 A$ l 44(=$ =(6&'W(4 '34 "" ; '3 " & 6(4 S$BW V 6 '='5 ( (""EV 'N '6 "$ 56( (, '" ='M 4 M &"! 6 S(8- ' 6='3( 5'&3$""'#' 8 5$8 8 &'4''#' 6( $, #3( ='6 3(" ( =$6 4' 5$8E8 ?4$#'M(4$(4!"E8 3$M( ?4$#'S ""E8 '?=$&'8, $ b 8 $8, ' '=EB h '65 B '54 W"' 6'5 =94, (#' 8(3' 'S 6E( 5 V «8'4' ' 5(=3(S"EV S 65 6», ' '='( 6 "(8 " '#3$ "( =' 5$4', - 65( N ' ' 6(S$4' =(35 $64(" 98 :'#'49 ' S 5 ' = 55 'B 3 W(; (#' "( '4! ' "( 58 [$4 , "', "$'?'=' , 3$M( 6" W$4 = 9 "'( 6'&6EW(""'(
41
'[ [(" ( 5='35 6$ &4Z?4(""E( 3( h '65 '#' ' 5'6(=W("5 6'6$" 8 =$, $ (, = 8(= , $ &$8("$ 58(= "'B $&" =(4 # '&"E8 $ "5 6'8, = ' '='8 6(W$ ! ? 3 6 &$ =E '8 '8([(" 6='3( A(= 6 , '3 '=M(5 6(""'( (" ( 5$48'6, "(6 3 8'( 349 '4("'=( 4'"(""'B '4 E, "' "$ 54 V =( =$5"'( 63'V"'6(""'(; '3" 8 & 3'6'3'6, ' '=E( h '65 B = 6'3 4 6 &$[ N '#' "('?ES$B"'#' = $4$, ?E4' ', S ' ' #'='M(""'( 8(5 ', &$6(5E, &6'" ( #'4'5$ 569[(""'54 M (4(B V'=$ (&$#4 W$Z[ ( 65( "( ' =(?"E( &6 ) "( '&6'49 '5 M3(""E8 =$M !59 = &= (49V #=(V'6"' [(#'49 ! 56'(B =$&69&"'5 !Z 4 ' 6$#'B (=(3 4 A'8 58(= . R= '8'[ R4( "(6$ :'#'4! '4 S 4 6'&8'M"'5 ! 58(" ! '3("[ " #'5 3$=5 6(""'B 54 M?E "$ '3("[ " (3$#'# S(5 Z, 5 S(#' "$S$4$5! (#' "(&$3$S4 6$9 S (4!5 $9 $=!(=$ (6 $S(5 6( =( '3$6$ (49 5 '= 6 "5 ( ?4$#'='3"EV 3(6 A). 2 S(=(& '#' M( R4( "(6$ "$ = (8( 5 ='(""'8 8 6 8$( 1831 #., :'#'4! '&"$ '8 459 5 R W "E8. R W " '4! ' S ' M(" 459, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E &$ (=( ! 5 = # 6 5$8EB (8"EB S 4$" 3$4!"(#' '8(5 !9, $ (8 '4$#$4'5! ?E, &"$B '", S ' 6EB3( & N V 3 =$A V = 36'="EV ?$4'6 9 W$"!9 5 '34(A$8 = 36'="E8 ( '3 = 58' ='8 =$6"'3 W"'#' =$5 "'#' A$=9, "(6(M3E "(#'399, S!( A$=5 6'6$" ( 65( A(4 '8 "( 5 ' 4' 5 =$" AE W "5 V 5 V'6), = 6(& (( & \'5 6E 6 5 '4 A . :(" B (#' ?E4 6 '4"'8 =$5A6((, "' = 55 B 'N S(5 B =("(55$"5 M( '"S 459, 4 (=$ ="E( #'3!9 &$V6$ 4 5 $ W$=4$ $"'6, '4S("'# ( b 4'5'bE, « 3($4 5 E» "(8(A '#' 'W ?$, (=6E( 4$5 'S #=$M3$"5 6(""'B 4 (=$ ="'B = , ' '=$9 6 '"A( '"A'6 6E='3 4$5! 6 ?(5 '8'["E( 5$" 9 =$&"'#' '4 $ "$='3" '6, ?E4 (3 "'3 W"E 6 'A(" ( 6(4 S$BW(#' 'N $ 56'(B N 'V ($ 8'M( , 65(V 6=(8(", &$ 5 4ZS(" (8 l( 5 =$) $ E4!"'#' (=(M $ W(3W(#' ' '4(" 9 4 $ =(35 $6 (49 4 (=$ ="'B «$= 5 ' =$ » - "( &"$Z, S ' '" V' (4 N 8 5 $&$ !. C(=!(&"E( S $ (4 M$M3$4 «b$ '6», « '34 ""'5 S 65 6», « " (=(5$ S(4'6( » 'S"' $ M(, $ N ?(3"9# M$M3 V ( (=!.
42
«C(BS$5 ='S(4 «>(S(=$ ?4 & i $"! », 5$4 R W" 3= # . - %" & 8 4 8("9. >' "$5 '9[$9 6(5(4'5 !, 5 =(""99, "( = " M3(""$9, ?(& M(8$"5 6$, ?(& S' '="'5 . ; 8(5 $8 $ $9 'N& 9! <$ $9 S 65 6 (4!"'5 !! >5( N ' $ "('?E "'6(""' 6 "$W(B "E"(W"(B 4 (=$ =(, S ' 9 3'5(4( "( '?=$& 8 459. \"( 5 $&E6$4 (5''?[ 4 '? N '8 R W " 5$8 :'#'4!, 6(5!8$ 6(='9 "', S ' 5$8 M( N ' 6E3 8$4), S ' '#3$ &3$ (4! 6'W(4 6 '#=$b Z, #3( (S$ $4 5! «>(S(=$», ' "$?'=[ "$S$4 =E5 $ ! bE= $ !, &$M 8$9 =' = 'Z. O$ '= '?c95" 4 V 6(5(4'5 !, = &"$6W 5! (8 , S ' "$?'=[ '8 =$4 5' 58(V , "$? =$9 (#' " # . \'4!(= O 4!3 "#, 6(='9 "', ?E4 ?E =$3E =$558(W ! 56' V "$?'=[ '6. R'&3=$649Z ?4 5 5 ""' 6(5(4'Z " #'Z...» R'V6$4$ R W "$ 8"( $M( 59 "(5 '4! ' =( 6(4 S(""'B. 7' "(4!&9 &$?E6$ !, S ' 'S " S(#' ' 5 "( 5 '9[(#' ( ='8( ='&E 5$8'#' R W "$) 6 '= "( ?4 '6$4'5! & = 55 'B V 3'M(5 6(""'B 4 (=$ =E. R' 5=$6"(" Z 5 3(W(6E8 '3=$M$" 98 $"#4 B5 8 b=$"A &5 8 ='8$"$8 18 6., ' '=E( ' 4$3 5 EB S $(4! M$3"' #4' $4 &-&$ ' 5 5 6 9 "$5 '9[(B 3 V'6"'B [ , «>(S(=$» :'#'49, '"(S"', ?E4 ' ='6(" (8. 2V =(4(5 ! Z8'= 5 (V '= =$& (4!"' '?4( 4 . C =$""'( 3(4', "' 8(""' ?4$#'3$=9 «>(S(=$8» ( (=6'8 6 '='8 '8$8) &$ :'#'4(8 =( 4$5! 54$6$ Z8'= 5 $. <'#3$ 8"( '-" ? 3! #'6'= , S ' :'#'4! «Z8'= 5 », 9 5=$& '" 8$Z, S ' S(4'6( N ' "( 54 W '8 =$&? =$( 59 6 4 (=$ =(. g54 ?E R W " 3'M 4 3' «l "(4 » «\(= 6EV 3 W», '" ?E "(5'8"(""' '"94, S ' :'#'4! "(S ' ?'4!W((, S(8 '5 $6[ «"$5 '9[(B 6(5(4'5 ». 7(3$='8 V'3 4(#("3$, $M( 59, 'M( = 3 8$""$9 :'#'4(8, S ' '#3$ "(&$3'4#' 3' 58(= R W "$ '" ='S(4 (8 "$?='5' (=6'B #4$6E «\(= 6EV 3 W», ' 6'5 4 " 4: «Y'M(, $ #= 5 "$ "$W$ X'55 9!» 7(8$4' 5 '='5 (4EV 'V6$4 '='M3("' ?E4' 8(5 "E8 '4'= '8, $ 8(5 "EB '4'= ?E5 =' 6EA6( $( . d " '#3$ "( =$&3(494 8"(" 9 (V, '8 "=$69 59 " # '4! ' &$ ', S ' '" "$ 5$"E "$ 3 $4( (, 4 &$ ', S ' 3(B5 6 ( 6 " V =' 5V'3 6 N &' S(5 V 5 =$"$V. <4' " 6 '3(M3(, =$5W 'B ?4(5 $8 , 8"( "( $ 58(-
43
W'", $ ' , S ' 6EV'3 6 '4'5$ EV ?=Z $V #='?'6[ $ 8$" W (. 7$ 8'B 6 5, "( " S(#' 5 S"(( 'W"' 6'="(B ='8$" S(5 '#' b'4! 4'=$ 4 ' (W"EV ?$( =' 4(5'= ?'6, B'= W =A(6, b=$"A &5 V =(5 !9" 4 =$ "5 V $= ? '6. 2 'N '8 36$ '8$ «>(S(='6», $ M( $ 36$ '8$ '6(5 (B, '&$#4$64(""EV «\ =#'='3» ( 3$ 6'W4 «> B», «D$=$5 Y 4!?$», «C $='56( 5 ( '8([ » .3.), '96 6W (59 6 1835 #., '5 $649Z 8("9 =$6"'3 W"E8. %3"$ ' 8(""' N 8 =' &6(3(" 98 , Z"'W(5 8 ' E $8 5(63'Z8'= 5 $ :'#'49, = 55 ( S (49 &$? 6$4 #'4'6E 56' V S(" '6. R'34 ""EB :'#'4! 58 "' ='#493E6$( 6 «;=$?(5 $V» (6 4ZS$Z[ V «7(65 B ='5 ( », «^$ 5 5 8$5W(3W(#'» «R'= =( ») =$5 =E6$( 59 '4"'5 !Z 6 «X(6 &'=(», «l "(4 » «\(= 6EV 3 W$V». > (= '3 5'&3$" 9 «i $"! » «D$=$5$ Y 4!?E» :'#'4! 5 '94 "$ =$Z ' $5"(BW(B =' $5 ( $ '" ?E4 =$6, '#3$ 6 &=(4E( #'3E ' 8$V 6$459 ' N V 5 55 6(""EV 6'=(" B 56'(B Z"'5 ). %" S ! ?E4' "( 5 $4 $6 '='8 =$ "5 V b'4! 4'="EV '6(5 (B =$5'S"EV ='8$" S(5 V 5 '= B. 7$3' '?4$#'3$= ! 5 3!? ( M$M3 5$ (49 '?=(5 8 ='6 Z 54$6 ) &$ ', S ' '" "( '?=$ 459 =$ "5 8 3 $4( &8$8 $ 5=(35 6 6E=$M(" 9, ?' '#3$ ?E '" =' $4. <'#3$ 9 V'S , S '?E 8"( = 5" 459 "$5 '9[ B 'W8$=, 9 =(35 $649Z 5(?( :'#'49, 5 ='S$[(#' "$ 8$4'='55 B5 '8 '8 &$ '8'8 «i $"! » «\ =#'='3E» - ' = &=$ $V, ' '=E( ?='39 ' ?(=(# i"( =$, 6'3(6 4!"EV (6=(9V 4 V V $&$ $V. @( S(=(& 36$3A$ ! 9 ! 9 &$5 $6 4 5(?9 (=(S(5 ! «>(S(=$» '5 $459 " 8 $ M( V'4'3(", $ 6 ( 3" , '#3$ 8'B S (4! "( 8'# '"9 !, 'S(8 ' «C =$W"'B 8(5 » 8("9 "( '4& ' 5 "( 8 =$W , $ ' «l '"! (#' ( W » 9 "( ' $ E6$Z5! 5' 58(V . 7' ( (=! 9 6 M , $ $8 598 5 6'&! ' (=" Z ='8$" 5 $='8'3"EB b$=5 58 "', "' "$5 'BS 6' ='#493E6$( ', S ' =(36([$( "$5 '9[(#' :'#'49 S ' ?E4' "(6(3'8' "( '"9 "' S $ (498 30-V ##. 19 6., = $8 60-V S (498 8'(B Z"'5 . >'&!8 (, = 8(= , 5'" 26$"$ l '"! #', " S(8"'#' =$ "5 '#' '8([ $,
- 54$?'6'4!"'' '='#' 64$5 -
44
"$9 5$8'3 = $ ( $ ='B 3'S ( 5'5(3$.
E $4$5! 5 4'B M("
! "$ ?(4'
-
«D' =(35 $6494'5! (8 , S ' '" M( M("$ , S ' 65( 6 3'8 ( V $ S 3"', $ 5 =$""': 6 (#' '8"$ ( 5 ' 68(5 ' '3 "' 'B - 36'B"$9 ='6$ !. 7$ 5 4( 5 3 M("$. g8 5 =$""'; '" "( &"$( , $ '3'B "(B, S ' #'6'= ! 5 "(Z, &$8(S$( , S ' "(( # 5 "'( 4 A'. 7(S$9""' '6'=$S 6$( 59 '" 6 5 '='" 6 3 3= # Z M(" ( (8$ 36'(" 9 ='6$ =$&6 6$( 59 ' 4'# ( 5"$), 'M( 5 # 5 "E8 4 A'8. R'6'=$S 6$( 59 6 3= # Z 5 '='" 5 ' =( !9 M("$. 7$&$3 - ([( '3"$ M("$. D (#' ?(=( '5 $. %" ?='5 459 ?(M$ ! 6 5$3; "' 6 5$3 M$= '. %" 5"94 W49 , 6 3 : 6 W49 ( 5 3 M("$. (C'" $ b'5: =$&8"'M(" ( =(38( '6.) R' 6E5 4 "(#' "$ 4 A(. R'4(& 6 $=8$" &$ 4$ '8 6 $=8$"( M("$; 6E" 4 & V$ V4' S$ Z ? 8$# $8 5 3 M("$... D' 63= # '" =E#$4 "$ '3"'B "'#(, $ ( W $, #4939 "$ "(#', #'6'= 4$ 5 6$M"E8 6 3'8: «i$, E 3'4M(" =E#$ !, ' '8 S ' E ( (=! M( M("$ EB S(4'6( ». %" "(B "' ( W $ M( "( ( W $, $ '4' '4!"9. 2 S 65 6 ( , S ' (#' '- ' $[ 6(=(6 'Z "$ '4' '4!"Z. (D ?E b=(B3 5 E "$6'5 = 4 W !) «< ' N ' $[ 8("9?» - M$4'?"' ='#'6'= 4 26$" O(3'='6 S. «a ' 9, M("$ 6'9, $[ (?9, ' '8 S ' E '4' '4». - «7( , 9 "( '4' '4, 9 26$" O(3'='6 S!» = S$4 '". «i$, E '4' '4», - #'6'= 4, ='V'39 8 8', '4 '6" R*** (V' "'#' '4 $. D' 63= # 5" 4'5! (8 , S ' M("$ 6'65( "( S(4'6( , $ $ $9- ' W(=5 9"$9 8$ (= 9; S ' '" 6 \'# 4(6( = V'3 6 4$6 A . «<$'B = $M( ( 8$ (= ? - #'6'= (A. - >E 6'&!8 ( M("E, N ' 5$8$9 8'3"$9 8$ (= 9! 'S("! 3'?=' "$9! & "(( 65( ( (=! W!Z 5(?( 5Z= ». < (A 8(=9( =(M( M(" . 26$" O(3'='6 S ?(=( '3 8EW , 3( M 3 , '= "'8 . «7( , - #'6'= M 3, - N ' 3 ="$9 8$ (= 9! 2& "(( " ' "( W!( 5(?( 5Z= $...» > 5 =$V( ?(5 $89 5 6( ' 4 459 5 "(#' #=$3'8.
='5E $459 26$" O(3'='6 S. e'4'3"EB
<$ '4! ' 65 $4 '" ' = , ' S$5 '?=$ 459 #$3$(4!"'B " #(, 6 '"A( ' '='B '3 " 3'?='3( (4!"EB " #' ='3$6(A, ' 56'(B =(3 'B 3'?=' ( ?(5 '=E-
45
5 Z, '8(5 4 5' =$[(""EB 5"' '4 '6$ (4!. 7' $8 5'6(=W(""' "( ?E4' " S(#', 3$M( V' 9 "(8"'#' 'V'M(#' "$ $ 'B ?(5569&"EB 5'"». 2 , 6 '"A( 3'6'4!"' '5=(35 6(""'#' =$55 $&$, 8E "$V'3 8 (=6'( =(36(5( (V b$" $5 S(5 V = 8'6, ' '=E( '&3"(( 5 $4 $"6'B «l "(4 ». 7$3(Z5!, S $ (4! &$8( 4, S ' 5$8'( "(6(='9 "'( 6 = 6(3(""'8 6EW( ' =E6 ( - N ' "( '4' '4!"9, "( '4' '4, "( 8"'M(5 6' M(" 3$M( "( $ "(?=(M"' ?='W(""$9 b=$&$ ' 3'?='8 S(4'6( '4Z? 6'8 " #' '=#'6A(.
$ 25 '= 9 '5 $"'6 "$ = 55 'B 5A("( '8(3 «X(6 &'=» ' "('?ES$B"EB W 8, ' '=EB '"$ 6E&6$4$, '"(S"', "( 8(Z =98'#' ' "'W(" 9 5$8'8 :'#'4Z $ =(38( 8' V &$ 5' , '3"$ ' "(5 '4! ' 54'6 "$ N '5 '='""ZZ (8 , ?E ! 8'M( , '4(&"' 5 $&$ !. 7$ 6"E( 3 W "( &?(M"' 3'4M"E 6 3( ! 6 !(5( 9='5 " Z 5'A $4!" Z 5$ = , "$A(4("" Z "$ 3 44 S(5 Z 5 5 (8 #'5 3$=5 6(""'B '== A 6 X'55 , 'N '8 3 6 (4!"', S ' $6 '= 4 '- ' ([( "$3(9459 6EB 5 N 'B !(5'B "$ 5A(" . k("& ="EB '8 ( , $ 65( '3'?"E( '=#$" &$A , ?E4 5?'= [(8 = 54 6EV '4 V'6 4 S6$"4 6EV '54'6, M( ', S ' 5$ (4! '58(4 459 &'?=$& ! #'5 3$=5 6(""EV S "'6" '6 "( $ 3($4 56(=VS(4'6(S(5 V 3'?='3( (4(B, ?E4' 5$8' ' 5(?( =(5 4(" (8, ' ' '='#' ' 5 "$8 M ="EV A("&'='6 ?(M$4 8 =$W . ; ' '?5 '9 (4!5 6', S ' «X(6 &'=» 5$8$9 6(4 $9 !(5$, "$ 5$""$9 6 X'55 ( 3' 5 V '= "( =(6&'B3(""$9), " $ "( 3'V'3 4' 3' V 5'&"$" 9. 7' =' &'W4' S 3', S 3', ' '='( $ "(4!&9 ?'4(( 5'' 6( 5 6'6$4' (=(6(=" '8 8 = :'#'49. >(=V'6"EB A("&'=, D' , ' 5 '94 "$3' 65(8 , j!9 Y'M(5 6(""$9 %5'?$ ?E4$ $ 6'&"(5("$, S ' 89 (( (36$ =(W$459 6E8'46 ! #= ?EB S(4'6(S(5 B 9&E , 5$8 C 9 (4!"EB, (3 "'64$5 "EB k$=! 6 = 5 ( $ '#'- ' 5'65(8 "(-
46
'M 3$""'#' ?4$#'3 W 9 '5 $6 !.
=
$&$4 =$&=(W
!
!(5
D= 3"' 6''?=$& !, S ' = 64( 4' 7 '4$9 I 6 «X(6 &'=(»: S(4'6( , ' '=EB "(5 '4! ' 4( "$&$3, 6''= M 6W 5! =$5"E8 $=$"3$W'8, 5S(= $4 «Y'= 5$ :'3 "'6$» 3 ' 5 8 &$8(S$" 98 , =(34'M 4 (=(3(4$ ! =$#(3 Z 6 ='8$" "$ 8$"(= >$4! (=$ C ' $ 6''?[( ?E4 "(6'5 = 8S 6 "$5 '9[(B 4 (=$ =(, $ 65( =$6 (4 ("( 5 4ZS$9 O= 3= V$ >(4 '#' 4 7$ '4('"$), 6=93 4 8'# 6 3( ! 6 !(5( :'#'49 "(S ' ?'4!W((, S(8 ?$4$#$""'( =$&64(S(" (. C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, 5$ = S(5 B $b'5 ((54 8E V' ! "$ 8 " 3' 5 8 $ '( 4'M"'( '4 '6$" ( «X(6 &'=$») (36$ 4 8'# 64(S! S6$"" Z, 4 W("" Z S 65 6$ Z8'=$ "$ = A$=9. g54 (8 = 5$ ! V' ! "$ B' 8$ - ' =$B"(B 8(=( 8$ '4 S(5 '#', - ' "(4!&9 M( =(3 '4'M !, ? 3 ' (#' "$5 '4! ' '? =(6$4' M(4$" ( ' =( S( 65 =9V" ! 56' V '33$""EV, S ' '" "( #493(4 ' $5"'5 '#', $ ='5 'B 4Z3 ' "(5( 59 8 (=$ '=5 'B &$?$6(. i(B5 6 (4!"', #'6'=9 , ? 3 ' '" &$96 4 '54( (=6'#' =(35 $64(" 9: «>5( '4 S 4 ' &$54 #$8, 9 ?'4!W( 65(V»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i(59 ! 4( 5 5 9
47
A$=! 5'6(=W(""' &$?E4, S ' N ' &$ !(5$, "(#' "( 5'V=$" 4'5! 3$M( 58 "'#' =(35 $64(" 9 ' '8, ' $'B :'#'4! S ' '" "$ 5$4. R(=6'( =(35 $64(" ( «X(6 &'=$» ?E4' ' 6=$ (4!"E8 6 58E54( $ (=5 'B #=E 'b'=84(" 9; :'#'4! S=(&6ES$B"' &4' ' &E6$459 ' "( = 5 'B"EV $= $V, W '65 V '5 Z8$V #= ?'8 (=( #=E6$" , ' '=E8 ($ = 5 '= 4 (#' !(5 . % 5Z3$ ?(=( "$S$4' =$3 A 9 5 $6 ! «X(6 &'=$» $ b$=5; '&3"(( !(5 5 $4 '3 9# 6$ ! '8(3 "=$6'6, , $ 8 '?=$&'8, 20 6( '4 S 4 6 "$54(35 6' 5 =$"" Z 58(5! "( '3=$M$(8'B #'#'4(65 'B =(S ?'# V "$ =$4 5 S(5 V 3( '=$A B, ' '= Z 6=(89 ' 6=(8(" 5 $5$4$ 4 S"'5 ! $ '#'" ? 3! #(" $4!"'#' $= 5 $. C =$""', S ' 6 ( #'3E, '#3$ 54'6(5"'5 ! 6 X'55 = W4$ 6 $3' , = 55 B =(M 55(= \(B(=V'4!3, "(58' =9 "$ 65( 5 $M(" 9 ' 5(?9 " , 5'&3$4 5A(" S(5 B 6$= $" «X(6 &'=$», ' '=EB 6 $ 'B- ' 8(=( (=(3$6$4 '34 ""'#' :'#'49. d '4! ' =$& 6 3(4 N !(5 , '5 $64("" Z "$ "'5 =$""'8 9&E ( ( '-$"#4 B5 ), "' '? N '8 4 SW( "( 65 '8 "$ !. j ' $5$( 59 ( 5 $, ' (=(6'3E ^(4!A(=$ <'"5 $"5 :$="( 5 '9 '3 " 3= #'#'. @ W(""$9 659 '#' 3$=$ 54'6$ :$="( (=(6(4$ «X(6 &'=$» V' 9 ?E ?'4(( 4 8("(( [$ (4!"', N $ =$?' $ =$&3=$M$( 8("!W(, S(8 "( ' '=E( S 3'6 ["E( (=(4'M(" 9 «l "(4 » «\(= 6EV 3 W». g( 8'M"' 5=$6" ! 5 = #4$M(""E8 (=(6'3'8 «:$84( $» : &'. % 5 49 :'#'49, '"(S"', " S(#' "( '5 $4'5!. ;"#4 B5 B 9&E 5 V, ?(5A6( (" "(6E"'5 8' ?4$#' = 5 '(". D'4! ' =4$"3A 6 '= ?=$ !59 &$ :'#'49. \"( "'#3$ $M( 59, S ' N 5 $=E( $"#4 B5 ( « (=(6'3E» '=$& (4!"' "$ '8 "$Z $ "$&E6$(8'( =$&=(&$" ( "$ E59S 5 '6, $&"!, '3"' 6=(89 =$5 ='5 =$"("" Z 6 < $(. <$M3E( 9 ! 8 " & (4$ M(= 6E 6E=(&$4 ' ='W(S"'8 6$3=$ , =$&8(='8 6 $?4( ' $W49 (5 =$&?'='8, S '?E $A (" "( 3$B Y'# "( 8(= "$ 3(69 !5' 3(69"'5 ' 3(69 '8), ' $ ' (4$ "( '5 $6$459 '3 " 5 (4( . [^3(5! 6EW( ' [("' "(5 '4! ' 5 =' , #3( $6 '= =$&? =$( = 'W ? $"#4 B5 '#' (=(6'3$.]
48
*** CZM( «X(6 &'=$» $ M( "( 8(( &"$S(" 9, $ 65( 5ZM( E #'#'4(65 V =' &6(3(" B. Y'4(( '#', (54 #'6'= ! ' !(5(, b$? 4$ ((, $ 65(V 3=$8$ =#'6, 4 W! ' E $ 6EM$ ! 3' '54(3"(B $ 4 &$?$6"'( "(3'=$& 8(" (. R'-6 3 8'8 , R W " '35 $&$4 N b$? 4 :'#'4Z, '58(96W 5! "$3 (8, $ 6' 6=(89 "'S(66 " M(#'='35 '8 =$ =( '" ?E4 = "9 &$ 6$M"'#' 5 '4 S"'#' S "'6" $; 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E, :'#'4!, S!9 #'4'6$ ?E4$ "$? $ 5ZM( $8 5 $=EV !(5 5 (V '=, $ '" S$5 6'6$4 6 W '4!"EV 4Z? (4!5 V '5 $"'6$V ( !(5, '5=(35 6(""' (=(6(3(""EV "$ = 55 B 5 =(V 4 S( E=(V 9&E '6), 8'# 4(# ' '?'B 5! ?(& '35 $& R W "$. C =$""', S ' 8E 5 E E6$(8 ?'4(&"("" Z ' =(?"'5 ! ( $ =$6 4', &=9 65(#3$ "(5 $ ) ' E5 6$ ! =98 Z &$6 5 8'5 ! =' &6(3(" 9 5 55 6$ ' « '34 ""'#' 5'?E 9». R' '8 4 , S ' ?'4!W( 5(?9 6$M$(8, &"$6, S ' 5$ (4Z, $ "$8, #=(W"E8, "(3'5 $4' 8$ 5$8'8 = 3 8$ ! $ Z" ? 3! 5 '= Z? 24 M( "$W( 8$4'8'["'( 6''?=$M(" ( 6&E#=$( , (54 "$8 5 $M , S ' 6 '5"'6( «5'S "(" 9», ' '='( 8E 'S(8 - ' =(& =$(8, 4(M '34 ""EB b$ ? 24 M(, 6 '"A( '"A'6, 65( 3(4' 6 =( 4'"(" (=(3 5 "'B, ' '='( &$5 $649( 8$4("! V 3((B 5 =$W 6$ ! '#', ' =$55 $&E6$( 5 $& : «; N ' =$63$ ?E4'?» - &$5 $6 4' D'45 '#' 6 (#' 6E5' '"=$65 6(""EB (= '3 ' $&$ !59 ' 5'&3$" 9 6E8EW4(""EV #(='(6, 3$?E "( '38("9 ! 5'?'B Y'#$, '59#$9 "$ (#' 5 4ZS (4!"'( =$6'? ; 8(M3 (8 5 5 9 5'=' 4( '54( N 'B =(8!(=E "( B '4 S(5 B N8 #=$" &$V' (4, S '?E <$=4 \$= 5 (S(B «<$ $4» '" (=(6'3 4 6 @'"3'"() '&"$ '8 459 5 j(="EW(65 8 - &"$8(" E8 =$3 $4'8 &$#'6'=[ '8, 5'54$""E8 6 C ? =! 6 60-( ##. ('" ?E4 '3" 8 & (V = '6, ' "$5 'BS 6' =(3=( $4 #'#'4(65 B (= '3 = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E, '" 8$9 '3 N 8 "'5 $&$" (8, ' '='( = 6(4' ?E :'#'49 6 M$5, 3'4# ='8$" 5 '6 =$?' $ ! 5 4ZS (4!"' =$3 4 SW(" 9 5'A $4!"EV '4 S(5 V 54'6 B M &" "$='3$). j '?E 6E =$5 ! 5 ? =5 '#' &" $, '4 N8 #=$" "(4(#$4!"' 6(=" 459 6 X'55 Z , 6E3$6$9 5(?9 &$ S4("$ :('#=$b S(5 '#' '?[(5 6$ (&$"9 "EB W = V), 3'?=$459 3' 3$4( 'B d ; &$8E5(4 (#' ' (= (4 "( 3$-
49
S '4! ' ' '8 , S ' "$ N '8 (=" 5 '8 (#' S(8 3$4!W(, (8 S$[( = " 8$4 &$ =(6 &'=$, (W(5 6 Z[(#' " '#" ', - 5'6(=W(""' $ 6 !(5( :'#'49. D$ '( '34'( '3=$M$" ( V 3'M(5 6(""'8 6E8E54 5' 5 '='"E M &" 'S(8 - ' =$3 ( ?'4!W(, S(8 '?=$ "EB ='A(55. a #=$b'8 !(5( '5 $64("$ = 55 $9 '54'6 A$: «7$ &(= $4' "(S$ ("9 !, '4 ='M$ = 6$». :'#'4!, '"(S"', " '#3$ "( = 5'6$4 '= =( '6, '" '4!&'6$459 &(=$4$8 $ 5$ (4! M 4 6 56'(8 &(= $4!"'8 8 =(. ; $ 8 ?E4' 4 A' S $ (49 #$4'8 4 3($4'8 =$5'E, - "( 8(4' " 8$4(BW(#' &"$S(" 9, ?' "( '4! ' &(= $4' ?E4' 5' 6'=("' 5$8 8 :'#'4(8, 5' 56' 8 '5'?E8 5 '5'?'8 ' =$M(" 9, "' S $ (4!, ' '='8 '?=$[("$ '54'6 A$, 6EW(4 & '#' M( #'#'4(65 '#' 8 =$ # 5( '3'?"EV, 56 "' '3'?"EV, 6$=(" ' '3'?"EV, " "$ S ' "( 'V'M V '?=$& ". i$M( 6 V 3W V 56' V ='&6(3(" 9V :'#'4! ' 4 S"' 5'&3$6$4 56'(#' S $ (49, $ N ' 3$"' 4 W! 6(4 8 5$ (498. D$ 6'&" $( &$8 " EB = #, 9 ?E 5 $&$4 - (5"EB 5(8(B"EB = #. %" "( ' =E6$( 59 6 8 =. 2 '3V'3 ! !(5( $ 5'A $4!"'B 5$ =( (6 '=9 8"(" Z '?[(5 6$) 4 $ 8'=$4!"'8 '?4 S(" Z (&$ '&3$4'( ' =$63$" (, = 3 8$""'( 5$8 8 :'#'4(8) &"$S 5 $ ! & 6 3 #4$6"'( 6 "(B. R(=5'"$M «X(6 &'=$» - "( 6$M"', 5 $" '" 4 "( '?=$&A$8 349 4Z3(B & 4' ='6 - =($4!"E 4 W! 6 '8 58E54(, S ' '" =($4!"E( 5'&3$" 9 b$" $& :'#'49. ; X'55 9, 5 =$"$ = 4(M"EV S(" '6, 5 $4$ 5=$& M( 5 $=$ (4!"' '3=$M$ ! (#' 6E8E54$8, "' N ' M( 3(4' ((, $ "( :'#'49. > X'55 #'#'4(65 'B N 'V 6&9 'S" S(5 6' A6(4' $ M( EW"', $ A6(4' '"' A6( ( '65Z3 6 g6=' (, $ 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E, 6 4Z?'8 & = 55 V #'='3'6 'B '=E ='M 6$4 3$ ?'4(( #" 5"E( '34(AE, S(8 3'?='3 W"E( M 4 & «X(6 &'=$». d &4Z5! "$ (V, ' 4Z? , S '?E V 4 (=$ =$ ?E4$ '&"$6$ (4!"'B, "$A '"$4!"'B, 6'5 $ (4!"'B 4 $(4!"'B, $ 4("'6EB 5 =' '4 6 '6'( 8$54', 'N '8 , #'6'=9 ' «X(6 &'=(», $ '="' (=(M(6E6$Z N "( 54 W '8 &$" 8$ (4!" Z 8E54!.
50
*** R!(5$ "$S "$( 59 5 '54( (4!"'B 65 EW 8'4" '"S$( 59 3$='8 #='8$. > 5 ["'5 , '"$ A(4 '8 8([$( 59 6 "$ =9M(""'( 8#"'6(" ( 8(M3 65 EW 'B =$5 $ '8. > "(B "( $ "$&E6$(8'B N 5 '& A . \'4" 9 "( (=9( 6=(8(" "$ '?c95"(" ( 8( ('='4'# S(5 V 54'6 B. >(5! 8 = - =( ( "EB #'4 ?'B 65 '4'V, 8E '5=(3 "(#'. g3 "5 6(""$9 ($ =$4!"$9 =$3 A 9, ''='B = 3(=M 6$459 :'#'4!, N ' 8'"'4'# , '3"$ ' 6(3! 4Z3 =$&#'6$= 6$Z 5$8 5 5'?'B 6' 6=(89 =(6'M"'#' &$ W!9 (=(3 #='&'B, 'M 3$9 (=6'#' #='8$. i(B5 6 Z[ ( 4 A$ - 4Z3 & '#' 'W8$=$, '#3$ 6$8 $M( 59, ? 3 ' 6E M( ='5" 4 5!, V' 9 "$ 5$8'8 3(4( '#= M$( (5! 6 5$8 Z ?(&3'"" Z ( &-&$ 56'(B 8" 8'B =($4!"'5 ) S " 5"$. f :'#'49 '5'?$9 8$"(=$ &$5 $649 ! «6 '='5 ( (""EV» (=5'"$M(B 6E5 $ 6$ ! = $M3'8 '6'=' ( !(5E (='8$"$ 4 =$55 $&$), S '?E "$ 8 # ?4(5" ! 56' 8 M &"( '3'? (8 ( $ '4 '6" R*** (V' "'#' '4 $ 6 5"( l '"! 4 =93 5'&3$" B 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V»). > «X(6 &'=(» N ' = (8 '?"$= M 6$( 59 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$, '#3$ #'='3" S B C 6'&" i8 V$"'65 B S $( 5 =$""'( 5!8' 56' 8 '3S "(""E8 - 58' = (4Z S 4 [ e4' '6 , 5 3!( @9 " D9 " ' (S (4Z ?'#' #'3"EV &$6(3(" B ^(849" ( ( (=(&=(4$9, '= S"(6$ $9 &(849" $, ' '=S(""$9 49# W$S!(B # ?'B). %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, S ' N ' &$ b$8 4 , 3' S(#' '" "( 'V'M , 5 $M(8, "$ V'4("E( 5(63'" 8E >='"5 B, %?4'"5 B, Y'4 '"5 B .3. D'45 '#'. (O$8 4 , &'?=( $(8E( :'#'4(8, - 6 5 ["'5 4 S , ' '=E( 8E "(S$9""' &$5 $(8 6 ' 5$8EB 8 #, '#3$ '" =(6=$[$Z 59 6 b$8 4 , $ 659 Z 8($8'=b'& $ " (=(5"' "$?4Z3$ !!) R='S 9 6$M" Z S$5 ! 5!8$ ' "'5 (4!"' =(35 '9[(#' = (&3$ =(6 &'=$ & R( (=? =#$, #'='3" S B 8$W "$4!"' ='3'4M$( S $ ! 3$4!W(, & (#' ?'=8' $" 9 ='M3$( 59 6(=(" A$ '=$& (4!"EV 6 '='5 ( (""EV 5 [(5 6, ' '=E( $ "'='69 ='? !59 6 (=6EB =93: «...5(5 =$ ;""$ < = 4'6"$ = (V$4$ "$8 5 56' 8 8 M(8; 26$" < = 4'6 S (5 39 ' ' S(5 6 , ?=$ ) 'S("! ' '45 (4 65( #=$( "$ 5 =E (...»
51
R=(4(5 ! 6 '8, S ' N 6 '='5 ( (""E( (=5'"$M ''8 $ "( '969 59 "$ 5A("(. >5( 8E 3$6"' &"$(8, S(#' 5 '9 9 '?E "(&"$S$[ ( '8 "$" 9 6 "$S$4( (=6'#' 3(B5 6 9 ' $ 'B- ' ( ( 4 ' "(&"$ '8A(, 65 =(S(""'8 6 '(&3(. \E &"$(8, S ' «54 S$B"'» '89" E( 4 A$ - "(&"$ '8(A 5 $65 =$4 B5 8 $ A(" '8 4 393ZW $ 5 &$?$6"'B = 6ES 'B - " &$ S ' "( ?E4 ?E 66(3("E 6 !(5 , (54 ?E 8 " 5 5 9 "( '96 4 5! "$ 5A("(. >(3! «54 S$B"'( '8 "$" (» - '?ES"EB = &"$ , 8$5'"5 B &"$ =$5V'M(B 4 (=$ =E, $&E6$Z[ B, S ' 8(""' N ' (=5'"$M ' $M( 59 #4$6"E8 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A'8 =' &6(3(" 9. >5(8 "$8 3$6"' &6(5(" N ' ?$"$4!"EB = (8, N $ '"b &4 6$9 4'6 $, # 49Z[$9 ' (=6E8 3(B5 6 98 C = ?$, 3$ "E"( ' Y='36(Z. ^"$8(" EB 3=$8$ =# $ - ' &$96 4 ( '6 3 8'8 , =$&3=$M(""' ' 6(S$9 = 5 $6$4(, M(4$6W(8 6E6(3$ ! 5( =( E (#' 8$5 (=5 6$), S ' (54 6 (=6'8 3(B5 6 "$ 5 ("( 6 5 'V' " S!( = M!(, 6 '54(3"(8 '"' "( =(8(""' 3'4M"' 6E5 =(4 !. 7' = M!9 :'#'49 6 59 6 6'&3 V( "( 5 =(49Z ; "$3' 5 $&$ !, S ' '?$9" ( (#' "$8( '6 5'5 ' 6 '8, S ' '" " $ "( 8$ (= $4 & Z 59. i$6$9 =$5 '=9M(" 9 '3S "(""E8 '3#' '6 !59 = (8 =(6 &'=$ 65( = 6(5 6 "$ 4 SW B 6 3, #'='3" S B '8 "$( 5 3(?"'#' &$5(3$ (49: «...'", '"(S"', S(4'6( 56(3 [ B, "' ' "(#' $ 'B &$ $V, $ ? 3 ' ?E '" 5(BS$5 6EW(4 & 6 "' =(""'#' &$6'3$... d V' (4 3$6"' '? N '8 5 $&$ ! 6$8 (5 3!(), "' ?E4, "( '8"Z, S(8- ' =$&64(S(". g5 ! =' 6 N '#' 5=(35 6$, (54 M( N ' 3(B5 6 (4!"', $ '" #'6'= , "(#' = ='3"EB &$ $V: 8'M"' (8 '5'6( '6$ ! (5 ! 4 , 4 S(5"' , 4 S '-" ? 3! 3= #'(. > N '8 54 S$( 8'M( '8'S! =$&"E8 8(3 $8(" $8 e= 5 $" 26$"'6 S». 7$ S ' 5 3!9 ' 6(S$( : «7( , N '#' M( "(6'&8'M"' 6E#"$ !: '" #'6'= , S ' 6 3( 5 6( 8$8 $ (#' W ?4$, 5 (V '= ' "(#' ' 3$( "(8"'#' 6'3 'Z». «i$ 9 $ '4!' &$8( 4 6$8», - #'6'= #'='3" S B. 2 '?=$[$( 59 3= #'8 S "'6" . \E " '#3$ ?'4!W( "( 54EW 8 '? N '8 &4'5S$5 "'8 &$5(3$ (4(, "' 6' '" (=(3 "$8 $ M 6'B, = S 34 6'(
52
6'"ZS(( 5 [(5 6' & (V «Y'#'8 '? M(""EV», 3' =EV $ M$3(" :'#'4!.
' '-
i= # ( 6 '='5 ( (""E( (=5'"$M 3$M( "( 5 (6$Z =(35 $ ! 6 '4"'8 '?4$S(" - $ '=' 9 59 '" 65 'S ! 6 !(5 8(M3 36 89 b=$&$8 . :'='3" S B '?=$[$( 6" 8$" ( 58' = (49 S(?"EV &$6(3(" B "$ S (4(B: «%3 " & " V, "$ = 8(=, 6' N ' , S ' 8(( '45 '( 4 A'... "( 65 '8"Z (#' b$8 4 , " $ "( 8'M( '?'B 5! ?(& '#', S '?E, 6&'W(3W "$ $b(3= , "( 53(4$ ! #= 8$5 , 6' N $ (3(4$( #= 8$5 ), ' '8 "$S"( = 'Z &- '3 #$45 $ ZM ! 56'Z ?'='3 . <'"(S"', (54 '" S(" 53(4$( $ Z ='M , ' '"' ([( " S(#': 8'M( ?E !, '"' $8 " M"' $ , '? N '8 9 "( 8'# 5 3 !; "' 6E '5 3 ( 5$8 , (54 '" 53(4$( N ' '5( (4Z, - N ' 8'M( ?E ! 'S("! V 3': #'5 '3 " =(6 &'= 4 3= #'B ' 8'M( = "9 ! N ' "$ 56'B 5S( . 2& N '#' S(= &"$( S ' 8'M( =' &'B ». «j ' M 8"(, =$6', 5 " 8 3(4$ !? (' 6(S$( 58' = (4! S(?"EV &$6(3(" B). d M "(5 '4! ' =$& (8 #'6'= 4. >' ([( "$ 3"9V, '#3$ &$W(4 ?E4' 6 4$55 "$W =(36'3 (4!, '" 5 =' 4 $ Z ='M , $ 'B 9 " '#3$ ([( "( 6 3E6$4. %"- ' (( 53(4$4 ' 3'?='#' 5(=3A$, $ 8"( 6E#'6'=: &$S(8 6'4!"'3 8"E( 8E54 6" W$Z 59 Z"'W(5 6 ». 2 M( '9649( 59 ([( '3 " #'8 " 4 (5'65(8 $ 8$4("! ( 6(=3E( #'4'6 W$8$"'6, 6E5 $ 6$Z[ ( 554(3'6$ (49 ;b= 6 &"$8(" '8 =$55 $&(). :'='3" S B #'6'= '? S (4( 5 '= : «%" S("$9 #'4'6$ - N ' 6 3"', 56(3(" B "$V6$ $4 !8 , "' '4! ' '?c95"9( 5 $ 8 M$='8, S ' "( '8" 5(?9. d =$& 54 W$4 (#': " , ' $8(5 #'6'= 4 '? $55 = 9"$V 6$6 4'"9"$V - ([( " S(#', $ $ 3'?=$459 3' ;4( 5$"3=$ \$ (3'"5 '#', ' 9 "( 8'# 6$8 5 $&$ !, S ' 5 " 8 53(4$4'5!. d 3 8$4, S ' 'M$=, (B-?'# ! C?(M$4 5 $b(3=E S ' 5 4E (5 ! V6$ ! 5 4'8 '? '4. %"' '"(S"', ;4( 5$"3= \$ (3'"5 B #(='B, "' &$S(8 M( 5 4!9 4'8$ !? ' N '#' ?E ' $&"(». «i$, '" #'=9S! (5' 6&3'V'8 '3 6(=M3$( 58' = (4!). d (8 N ' "(5 '4! '
53
=$& M( &$8(S$4... :'6'= M &" "( '[$M ».
: «<$
V'
(, 349 "$
9
R'S 8(B5 (=, ' '='8 654(3 &$ (8 '?=$[$( 59 #'='3" S B 5 ='5!?'B =$5 (S$ E6$ ! S $ ! 5!8$, ='V'39[ ( S(=(& (#' '" '= (V' 9 N ' 5 8 $ S"EB #'5 '3 " $ M( 8"'#' 4( S $( V 349 5'?5 6(""'#' 3'6'4!5 6 9), 6E&E6$( M &" ([( '3"'#' "( 'E=9: «h$4!, '3"$ ' M, S ' 6E "( S $( ( 5(8: (5 ! =(=$5"E( 8(5 $ (#'6'= 'S 8(B5 (= #'='3" S(8 ). >' "(3$6"' '3 " '= S W( = 9 (4Z ' 5$4 ?$4 6 5$8'8 #= 6'8... 'S("!, 'S("! V'='W': «h &"! 8'9, 8 4EB 3= #, (S( , #'6'= , 6 N8 =(9V: ?$=EW("! 8"'#', 8 &E $ #=$( , W $"3$= 5 $S( ...» - 5 ?'4!W 8, 5 ?'4!W 8 S 65 6'8 ' 5$4». D
M( 5 3!9 '8 "$( 36 V 6(S"' 6&3'=9[ V 5'5(3(B'8([ '6 - j( '6 S$ >$=V'6 "5 '#', ' '=E( &$(94 'M &"("" Z 9M? ($ 5 3!9 (8 6=(8("(8 5 = 9 "'5 !Z =$6 &$BA(6 "$ &(849V '?' V). 2 '54( 3=$8$ S(5 '#' '964(" 9 i'?S "5 '#' Y'?S "5 '#', ''=E( 5''?[$Z ' '8, S ' '?"$= M 4 =(6 &'=$, ='M 6$Z[(#' " '#" ' 6 8(5 "'8 =$ =(, :'#'4! $='3 = ( 56'Z b$" $5 S(5 Z 4'"S 6 Z 8$"(= 6(5 5ZM( (5 6E 4(5 $8 $ ? 3 ' ?E "( 8(5 "EV '3='?"'5 (B): 65( = 9 (4 Y'?S "5 '#' 63= # 6'&" $Z 6 (#' =(S , '#3$ '" =$55 $&E6$( '? V 5 i'?S "5 8 '=$& (4!"'8 ' =E . «D$ 9, 6' &6'4 ( 6 3( !, &$?(M$4 <'='? " . ; "( &$5 $6W <'='? "$- ' 3'8$, &$6'=' 4 X$5 $ '65 '8 , $ "( &$5 $6W X$5 $ '65 '#'...» (2&' 65(V #'8 " 4'6 '4! ' N 36'( '969 59 6 $S(5 6( #'5 (B 6 '54(3"(8 3(B5 6 ' '5'?'B ='5!?( '5 $"'6[ $.) > =$ =(, #3( Y'?S "5 B i'?S "5 B 6 3(4 (=5'" , ' '= Z 'W ?'S"' = "94 &$ =(6 &'=$, '" 6E5=$W 6$Z =$ =[ $ >4$5$, 6 4 V'=$3'S"'8, =(=E6 5 '8 4' ' $" Y'?S "5 '#' ('" E $( 59 6E#'6'= !59, =(M3( S(8 (#' =(=6( 36'B" i'?S "5 B) 8E '4 S$(8 '3='?"(BW ( 56(3(" 9 ' >4$5( ( ?' 6 #'#'4(65 '8 8 =( S(8 ?'4!W( S(4'6( 5 (W , (8 3'4!W(
54
'" 8(W $( ' 3'='#(). «; R( =- ' 26$"'6 S (i'?S "5 B) M 8 #" 4 $4!A(8 '3'&6$4 =$ =[ $-5, =$ =[ $ >4$5$: "(#' M("$ = "(3(4 "$&$3 '8 ='3 4$, $ 'B =(?'B B 8$4!S , ? 3( $ M(, $ ' (A, 5'3(=M$ ! =$ =». %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, $ "'6'='M3(""EB ([( ?(&E89""EB >4$5'6 S 8 3=9( 59 6E=$5 6 5( "3 ='M ! A(4 Z M &"!. ^$3EV$Z[$959 =(S! Y'?S "5 '#' 54'6"' 5'&3$( 8'# S(( ?='M(" ( &$ 5A("'B, #3( 6E&=(6$Z N #'8 " 4E. %3"$ ' N ' ([( "( 65(. <'8"$ $, #3( M 6( 8" 8EB =(6 &'=, ' 8(S("$ (8, S ' 6 "(B "(3$6"' ='(&M ( 'b A(=E '3=$4 5! &$ $= $8 . 2 & 6'&3 V$ 6'&" $( '3 " & '3S "(""EV #'='3" S(#', '4 A(B5 B R='V'='6. > 4 V'=$3'S"'B 5 (W ( #'='3" S B 5 =$W 6$( 6$= $4!"'#' C6 5 "'6$: «i$ 3= # (- ' #3(? >(3! 9 = $&E6$4, S '?E R='V'='6 ?E4 &3(5!. :3( R='V'='6? <6$= $4!"EB: R='V'='6 6 S$5 "'8 3'8(, 3$ '4! ' 8'M( ?E ! ' =(?4(". :'='3" S B: <$
"(
$ ?
<6$= $4!"EB: i$ $ : M( 36$ W$ $ 6'3E 6E4 4 , 3' 5 V '= "(
3(4
= 6(&4
(#'
'
=
8(= 6(A
. >'
=' =(&6 459».
:'='3" S B 5 =$W 6$( "(8"'#' '#'39 = 5 $6$ ( 5 $ , ' b$8 4 fV'6(= '6): «<$ M( 6E N ' $ 3'5 4 ?» ; ' ' 6(S$( : «i$ Y'# (#' &"$( . >S(=$W"(#' 3"9 54 S 4$5! &$ #'='3'8 3=$ $, - '(V$4 3$ 349 '=93 $, $ 6'&6=$ 459 !9"». R'54( N 'B 6$ V$"$4 6 '='5 ( (""EV (=5'"$M(B, 6E 4E6$Z[ V 6 '"A( (=6'#' 3(B5 6 9, 6' 6 '='8, #3( "$ 5A(" 6EV'3 e4(5 $ '6, "$5 $( "( ' '='( &$ W!(. R=$63$, '3 6(5(4'( W4( $"!( $= 6'&" "( B (V' "EB $ $", 3 6 (4!"' 5=(&E6$6W B W '5E, - N ' e4(5 $ '6 65 '8 "$( , $ 6 R("&( =' #=$4 (8 3("!# ; '3"$ ' 4 " 9 e4(5 $ '6$ 6' 6 '='8 3(B5 6 54 W '8 "$5E[("$ '4"$ 5 =$5 "( 3' 5 $( 6 '=M(" 9 54 S$B"EV 4 A. %" 5"'6$ ='" $Z "$ 5A(" 6 =( !(8 3(B5 6 : 3'S$ ^(849" , $ 8E &"$(8, "'5 #'4 ?'( 4$ !(; '"$ 6 $=V 6$( 8(M3 36 89 =( 4 $8 , N $ ='&'6'-#'4 ?$9
55
='6 "A $4!"$9 ?$=EW"9. > 5$8'B &"$8(" 'B 5A("( = 55 '#' ($ =$, '#3$ e4(5 $ '6, 96 6W 5! 6 3'8 #'='3" S(#', =$5 ( 59 (=(3 3$8$8 , & 8'"'4'#$ (#' $ 5E 4Z 59 6 '='5 ( (""E( V$=$ (=E ( V 6E?=$5E6$Z "$ 56( (#' = ='3"$9 ?'4 4 6'5 !, 6 "' #'='3" S(#'), "' M( 3= #'B '='3E, "( 'B, S ' 8E 65 =(S$4 =$"!W(. D $"! V ?'4(( 4(# $9, 'S ='&=$S"$9, 6 5'' 6( 5 6 5 =$3 M"'B "$ ='B 5$8'#' e4(5 $ '6$: = &=$ 6 '?4 S B S "'6" '6, W$4'64 6E( &$?$6" , = 5 (W" &'?=( $ (4!"'#' ?(5$, 6([$Z[(#' 5 $8 26$"$ ;4( 5$"3='6 S$. i( i'?S "5 '#' - >$"9, @ &$"! $ - 4 5E"' =$ =[ $ 65( M( #3(- ' 5 [(5 6'6$4 , $ N 6'65( "( 5 [(5 6 Z . D M "( (" , $ S 5 E( b$" '8E. 7' ?4$#'3$=9 "$? =$Z[(8 6E5' 6=$"!Z e4(5 $ '6$ N ' 5 '='"" ( 5 [(5 6$ 64 9Z "$ V'3 !(5E #'=$&3' 5 4!"((, S(8 3 44 S(5 ( = N E 8(4 V (=5'"$M(B, 5'5 $6496W V b'" (=6'#' 3(B5 6 9. «aV, R( (=? =#! - 6'5 4 A$( e4(5 $ '6, - S ' &$ M &"!, =$6'! >E, 8'M( ?E !, 3 8$( (, S ' 9 '4! ' (=( 5E6$Z ( $ '"' (5 ! "$ 5$8'8 3(4(); "( , "$S$4!" ' 3(4(" 9 5' 8"'B "$ 3= M(5 'B "'#(. a $ 3$= ' 4(S : «R= V'3 , ?=$ (A, '?(3$ !!» d '4! ' "$ 36( 8 " E &$V'M 6 3( $= $8(" , 5 (8 '4! ', S '?E 5 $&$ !: «a ' 6' $ , N ' 6' $ !» ; $8 M S "'6" 349 5!8$, N $ $9 =E5$, (='8 '4! ' - =, =... 'W(4 5$ !. e' (4 ?E4' 3$M( 8("9 '44(M5 8 $5(55'='8 53(4$ !, 3$, 3 8$Z, &$S(8. 2 5 '='M 4( ([( "$ 4(5 " A( &$ 8"'Z 5' [( 'Z: «R'&6'4! (, 26$" ;4( 5$"3='6 S, 9 6$8, #'6'= , 5$ '# 'S [ ». R'&M( 8E &"$(8, S ' 5 '='M 8(" ( 59 \ V((6E8 !( #'=! Z. i$4!W(, ' 54'6$8 e4(5 $ '6$, '4! ' '" 6EB3( 3$" ? 3!, 5'43$ E 6E5 $ 6$Z & #$ 6$V E 3(4$Z = M!(8, $ 'b A(=, ' '=EB 'S("! (8 &"$ '8, #'6'= : «7 , ?=$ (A, 8E (?9 5'6(=W(""' = "94 &$ #4$6"' '8$"3 Z[(#'». <'#3$ e4(5 $ '6 =$55 $&E6$( ' 56' V ?'#(8"EV 4 (=$ ="EV 569&9V, '9649( 59 S(= ("' , 5 '4"9Z[ B ='4! R W "$: «C R W "E8 "$ 3= M(5 'B "'#(. YE6$4', S$5 ' #'6'=Z (8 : «7 S ', ?=$ R W "?» - «i$ $ ,
56
?=$ , - ' 6(S$( , ?E6$4', '= # "$4».
$
$ - ' 65(...» Y'4!W'B
2 ' $ e4(5 $ '6 "(5( 59 3$4!W( 6 N 5 $&( 6E8E54$, "$ 5A(" , # 39, '4 95! =$5 $4 6$9 3= # 3= #$, 6E4( $( A(4EB ='B 6$M"EV (=5'": 8 " 5 =E, #=$bE, "9&!9, #("(=$4E, $B"E( 5'6( " , 3$M( ("! 5$8'#' A$=9 « =!(=E, =!(=E, =!(=E... = 3A$ ! 9 ! E59S '3" V =!(='6», N 5 (=8$ '&' 3E 8'&#$, $ ' '8 65( '" =$&'8 5S(&$Z 6 !9"'B ' (; "' "( =$"!W(, S(8 5 6'&! ='56( 6 8'"'4'#( e4(5 $ '6$, 5=(3 65(B N 'B 56'=E '&'4'S(""EV = 6 3(" B = 5" 6W V59 '54'6, "$ '3 " ' $5"EB 8 # '96 59 '34 ""$9 b # =$ ( '34 ""$9 V' 9 ?E 6 '8 58E54(, 6 $ '8 8 ?E4 8 8'4( "E( (=5'"$M (=6'#' 3(B5 6 9) &$ =$ (&"'B V$= ?(3"'#' S "'6" $, \$6= W , ' '=$9 '8'#$( (8 5"9 ! V 3 Z W "(4! ( 5$8 Z, S ' :'#'4! ' '8 '?(558(= $ "(' c(84(8 Z = "$34(M"'5 ! S "'6" $ 6''?[(). > 54(3 Z[(8 3(B5 6 , '#3$ 65 =(6'M(""E( #'='35 ( &E '3 " &$ 3= # 8 9649Z 59 &$56 3( (4!5 6'6$ ! e4(5 $ '6 56'( 'S (" ( $M3'#' & " V '" ?(=( 3("!# 6&$B8E ($ '" 3 8$Z , S ' 3$Z (8 6&9 ), 8E &"$(8, $ &'6 3( (B ^(849" : 7 '4$B, 26$", g4 &$6( $, \$=!9 R(=( ( 9, - 6(='9 "', N $ 8 4$9 R(=( ( 9 "'5 #'4 ?'( 4$ ! A(. 2& =' V 3( (B i'?S "5 '#' M("$ #'='3" S(#' '8 "$4$ 36' V $ 56' V =(5 " '6. %?$ '" , $ 5 $=W B 8$4!S , 3 6 (4!"' 'V'M "$ 5 3!Z, ' '=EB "$6([$( #'5'M i'?S "5 Z, '#3$ (( ?(3"9#$ 8 M 6 ' c(&3(. C $=W("! B ='3 459 ([( 3' M(" !?E i'?S "5 '#' "$ N 'B W$4'64 6'B 3$8(. i'?S "5 B #'6'= e4(5 $ '6 : «d '58(4 6$Z5! ' ='5 ! 6$5 ' "'5 (4!"' '3"'#' 'S("! '" '#' '?5 '9 (4!5 6$... 5 $=W B- ' 5E" 8'B, &6'4 ( 6 3( !, ='M3(" 8"'Z ([( 3' ?=$ $... D' (5 ! '"' $ '4! ' #'6'= 59, $ '" ='M3(" 8"'Z $ 5'6(=W(""', $ ?E 6 ?=$ (, 65( N ', $ 54(3 ( , 9 &$6(=W 4 ' '8 &$ '""E8 -5 &$8 5 = M(5 6$-5. D$ 9, &6'4 ( 6 3( !, V'S , S '? '" ( (=! M( ?E4 5'65(8, ' (5 !, &$ '""E8 8' 8 5E"'8-5 "$&E6$459 ?E $ , $ 9: i'?S "5 B-5... d ?E "( ?(5 ' ' 4 6$5, 3$ M$4! "$5S( 5 '5'?"'5 (B. \$4!S W $- ' N $ 'B... ?'4!W ( "$3(M3E
57
'3$( : "$ & 5 ! 5 V =$&"E( =$55 $M( , (54 ' $3( "'M , 5(BS$5 53(4$( 8$4("! ( 3='M(S 5 5"', $ b' 5" -5».
#3( $
7$ &$3"(8 4$"( '#' M( 3(B5 6 9 '9649( 59 ([( '3 " (=5'"$M: e4(5 $ '6 =(W$( "$ 5$ ! '? N V 5 =$""EV ='6 "A $4!"EV S "'6" $V 56'(8 3= # D=9 S " , #=9&"'8 =( '= (= W (, M$3"'8 93'6 '8 5$ (, 8(Z[(8 '58(9 ! 65(V, 5 (8 '" V'S( =$5 =$6 !59 6 56' V #='W'6EV &4'?"EV 5 $ (B $V. 7$ '3"' '4! ' 8#"'6(" ( 6E5'6E6$( 59 '" &-&$ V4(5 $ '65 '#' 4(S$, '38 # 6$9 "$8 V8E4995!. %" '54(3" B, ' '9649( 59 "$ 5A("(, 6 ='S(8, "( 5'65(8 '54(3" B, ' '8 S ' 6 '"A( '"A'6 6'&" $( ([( '3 " b$" '8: # #$" 5 $9 ("! "$5 '9[(#' =(6 &'=$. R' 5 '='"" B 8 =, ' '=EB 54'6"' ='=E6$( 59 5 6'&! b'" !(5E, (5 ! '34 ""'( A$=5 6' :'#'49. 2 '=$& (4!"', S ' 65( N 5(5 =E, 8 M!9 3( , S 3$ '6$ E( S (49, ' (6W ( 5 (=( '9 '" '=[ '4 A(B5 (, '8([ , 9 !3(59 4( 6(3 [ ( 9M? ' (=("'5( &#'='3 , ='8$" S(5 ( 'b A(=E, ' '=E( M 4!" S$Z 6 $= E, S 65 6 (4!"' 6&3EV$Z ' ='6 "A $4!"EV ?$4$V = " 8$Z = 6 3(" ( &$ #4$6"' '8$"3 Z[(#', N (=( 5S "(5 [(5 6 Z[ ( =!(=E 65( N 5'&3$" 9, S!9 8(4! (W"9 5'&3$( 5$8 Z 4' ! !(5E, "( '4! ' "( 8(W$Z '8 , S ' ($ =$4!"E( '5 $"'6[ &'6 3(B5 6 (8, "' 96"' = 3$Z !(5( S=(&6ES$B" Z 5A(" S"'5 !.
*** 7$ N '8 "( '364$5 "'8 &3=$6'8 58E54 &$3"(8 4$"( '4 9 59 "( '4! ' M 6E( 5 [(5 6$, "' 6([ , ' '=E( = &6$"E #=$ ! " S ! "( 8("!W Z ='4!, S(8 '3 W(64(""E( 4 A$: W49 "$9 '='? $, ' '= Z #'='3" S B "$3(6$( "$ #'4'6 , '#3$, '?4$S 6W 5! 6 ='5 'W"EB 8 "3 =, 6 =$55(9""'5 5 (W "$65 =(S #='&"'8 = &=$ , - S 5 ' #'#'4(65 B 5 86'4 '?8$""'#' 8 =$, #3( W49 E - N ' #'4'6E, W49 "E( '='? - W49 E, $ =$5W EB &'4' '8 6'=' " - V=(?( S(4'6( $. 7$5 (V "$A$=$ $""$9 &$ 5 $, ' '= Z #'='3" S B '5E4$( &
58
=$ =$, 5''?[$9 M("( ' 6E5' '8 #'5 (, = (8 ''='#' (B "$34(M #' '6 !59, 5 4(4$5! 5 =$ ="E8 5S( '8 e4(5 $ '6$, ' '8 S ' 8 M 6 ' EV$V 5V6$ 4 (=6EB ' $6W B59 '?=E6' ? 8$# : «C (W (?9 6(3'8 !, 3 W("! $, S ' 5'5 '9" ( 8'( ?E4' 6(5!8$ (S$4!"'(, "', '6$9 "$ 8 4'5(=3 ( Y'M (, &$ 36$ 5'4("E( '# =A$ '5'?(""' '4 '=A =E = ?4! 36$3A$ ! 9 ! ' (( ...» 2 N $ $" A$ ' =$( 59 "$ ='S" Z 4'# #'#'4(65 '#' 8 =$, #3( "$&6$" 9 =E?E - ?'M(5 6(""$9 8 &E $ 6 W$V # =8$"'6, $ '# =AE - ' 5 '='"" ( 5 [(5 6$, "( 8("(( 8'# [(5 6(""E(, S(8 Y'#, ' '='8 ' 4'"9( 59 ='6 "A $4!"EB #'='3" S B. a '# =AE 6E=$[ 6$( e4(5 $ '6 6 =$5"'=(S 6'8 ' 5$" 56'(#' 3($4$ 56( 5 'B M &" : «7$ 5 '4(, "$ = 8(=, $=? & - 6 5(8!5' = ?4(B $=? &» ($ S ' N ' $ "( =(6'5V'3"$9 5 ( ("! '# =A$!). >'39" 5 EB 5 , #3( « $ (- ' (=!9 4$6$Z 68(5 ' 8$54$», ' '=E8 e4(5 $ '6 = W4'5! 3'6'4!5 6'6$ !59 6 =$ =(, =('?=$M$( 59 6 (#' =$55 $&( ' 5 '4 S"'B M &" 6 5 , = 6(&(""EB "$ $='V'3( =98' & R$= M$; 3E8 6''?=$M$(8'#' $='V'3$ - N ' "(?(5"EB &$ $V 6''?=$M$(8'#' 5 $. <'#3$ e4(5 $ '6$ ='6'M$Z 6 3'='# , 5$M 6$9 6 ?= S , #'='3" S B = "'5 #'4 ?'B (=5 35 B '6(= & S 4$"$ ("$? '#' '3"'W(" 98 (#' ?'='3$ EV '33$""EV - #'='35 V A'6). i6'='6EB e4(5 $ '6$ '34$3E6$( '3 "(#' 'V$ 5("$, '6(= =(6=$[$( 59 6 6'4W(?"EB '6(=-5$8'4( , "$ ' '='8 e4(5 $ '6 5'6(=W$( 56'B ' 4( 5' 5A("E '3 5(=(?= 5 EB (=(&6'" ? ?("A'6 4 = S(5 B = &E6 98[ $ 6'4W(?"E8 '"98: «aB 6E, &$4( "E(!» X 55 ( S(=$ 4Z? 4 3$6$ ! 4'W$398 4$5 $ (4!"E( 8("$, 8'M"' =(3 '4'M ! (6 #'3 (8, ' " (=(5 ( 59 4 S"E8 ' E '8 5$ (4(B), S ' 6 '&3"(BW ( #'3E 6' 6=(89 56' V ?(5 '"(S"EV 5 =$"5 6 B :'#'4! &=93"' ' '4" 4 56' '&"$" 9 (6'#' b'4! 4'=$; $ 'N S(5 B '=E6 6( =$, 5 ' '=E8 "'5 59 e4(5 $ '6 - N ' 8(S $ (4!"EB, "b$" 4!"EB 8'W("" , - 54'6"' ' 6'=9( 6'=' $ 349 ' c(&3$ 5$8'#' :'#'49 & X'55 6 8$""E( 3$4 , #3( ?(5S 54(""E( "(8(A ( ='= E 5 8 "(=$4!"E8 6'3$8 , $4!9"5 ( =$&6$4 "E, $= M5 ( =(5 '=$A $4(5 "5 ( 569 E" $Z 59, $ ='6 3(" ( 5 $='B 5'4("EV '# =A'6 6 5!8( =$5 (=9""'#' #'='3" S(#'.
59
*** ^$?$6"', S ' N $ 5"'6 3S(5 $9 !(5$, N ' «#'5 3$=5 6(""EB = &=$ » ?E4 6'5 = "9 $ 5$ =$ "$ '34 "" Z M &"! 6 X'55 . 2 ([( &$?$6"((, S ' :'#'4!, ?(5 '8'["' E $95! =(5(S! ' $5"E(, '3=E6"E( 3'8E54E ' 56'(B !(5(, $&$4, S ' 6 "(B M 6' 659 '8 54 S$( (5 ! '3 " '4'M (4!"EB (=5'"$M: 58(V. 7$ 5$8'8- ' 3(4( !(5$ 6'65( "( '8(3 9, $ M( $ 5"'6 3S(5 ( !(5E l( 5 =$ «:$84( » 4 «@ =» "( 5 ' "$&E6$ ! =$#(3 98 . R4'V$9 !(5$ 5 '=(( 8'M( ?E ! V'='W(B '8(3 (B 4 V'='W(B =$#(3 (B, S(8 "(6(='9 "' 54'M"E( =' &6(3(" 9 $ V 5$ (4(B, $ l( 5 = 4 :'#'4!. > N '8 58E54( !(5E \'4!(=$ (S(#' ?E '" " 5 ' 4 ) '8(3 , ' (5 ! "(S ' $ '(, S ' 56$ 6$( 59 4(# ', $ 5'5 5 $ "$ b ?'4!"'8 8$ S(; '" 5 [(5 6 Z 6 '3"'8 &8(=(" "$ ='S! 4 W("E '#' '#='8"'#', ? =49[(#', 6E5' ' 'N S(5 '#' b'"$, ' '=EB 5'&3$( '34 "" Z 3=$8 . 2 6 N '8 58E54( = 4'# 9 «D=$ = 4 A a4( =(» %?7 4$ (S(#' ?E '"$ " 5 ' 4$), 6(='9 "', =$#(3 9. R!(5E :'#'49 - N ' 'N& 9 6 3(B5 6 , $ '3 'N& (B 9 '" 8$Z $B"E ==$A '"$4!"'#', '&"$6$(8E( = '8'[ =$A '"$4!"'B =(S . 25 ""$9 'N& 9 $ '#' ='3$ 6E&E6$( "( 58(V "( 54(&E, $ 5 9Z[ Z 4E? ?(5=(3(4!"'#' 3'64( 6'=(" 9, ?4$M(""'( 8 =4E $"!(, 5$ (4! 8'M( #'=3 !59 5'?'B, (54 '" 5 '5'?(" 6E&6$ ! 56' V S $ (4(B, 4 , 'S"(( #'6'=9, '#'- ' & 56' V S $ (4(B, $ Z 4E? $ '( 8 =4E $"!(. C$8$ b$8 4 9 e4(5 $ '6 #(" $4!"' = 3 8$"$, ' '8 S ' = 55 '#' V$ '"$ 5'&3$( '[ [(" ( 4(# '5 , ?(&3 8"'5 , ?'4 '6" , 56 5 $ '" 'B ='5 'S , W4( $"!9 '? 5 '4 $= , ?$V6$4!5 6$ W$4' $9 3$4!5 6$ ' '= (49 5(=3(A (&$ 6ES( '8 5 '5'?"'5 3'6(=W ! N ' 4Z?'( 3= #'( =(3 = 9 (). e4(5 $ '6 '=V$( ' !(5(, "( M(4$9 '4 '8 '" 8$ !, $ 'B '" '3"94 (=( '4'V, M$3"' 5 $=$95! =6$ ! 65(, S ' '3 3E6$( (8 5S$5 4 6EB 54 S$B. %" 3'?=$9 3 W$, '-56'(8 8(S $(4! "$3(4(" "( 8 '?8$"S 6E8 '?$9" (8, &9[(5 -
60
6'8 '6(5E, 54$M3$Z[(#' 3$8, = 6E W V #= ?E8 8$"(=$8 3'='3"EV #'='35 V &'6. %" ?(5 =(3(4!"' ' (4!"' 6 4!#$=(", 3$8E 6 4!#$="E, &E 6 4!#$="E - 659 !(5$, 6 5 ["'5 ( '-56'(8 , $ «:'5'M$ Y'6$= »), 5'5 ' & '5'?'B 58(5 =$&4 S"EV 6 4!#$="'5 (B, 6E3$Z[((59 V 3'M(5 6(""'( 3'5 ' "5 6' A(4'#' &$6 5 ( $ 6' 659 '8 W(3(6=() "( ' '#', S ' 5 $&$"', $ ' '#', $ N ' 5 $&$"', ' ?4 5 $(4!"'#' 5'S( $" 9 8$4'6E=$& (4!"EV S$5 "'5 (B. <$ 6 S(W B $V "$5( '8EV '=$& (4!"EB =$5'S"EB Nbb( &$6 5 "( 5 '4! ' ' #8(" $A 5$8 V S(W ( , 5 '4! ' ' V =$5 '4'M(" 9, 5 '5'?"'5 =(4'849 ! 56( , $ #(" B :'#'49 '4!& ( 59 "( '5"'6"E8 V 8 S(5 8 56'B5 6$8 8$ (= (« '34 ""'B 3(B5 6 (4!"'5 !Z» 4 (=$ ="EV = '6), $ 5 '5'?"E8 8 8 = b & S(5 8 964(" 98 , 'S "(6 3 8E8 S$5 A$8 6'55'&3$""'#' ?E 9. d ' =(?49Z 54'6' «6 4!#$="'5 !» &-&$ "(3'5 $ $ ?'4(( 'S"'#' (=8 "$ - R W ", 6 «g6#(" %"(# "(» 'M( ' =(?499 $"#4 B5 '( 54'6' vulgar, &6 " 459, S ' "( "$W(4 6 = 55 '8 9&E ( (#' 'S"'#' N 6 6$4(" $.
*** %?6 "(" 9, 6E36 " E( "(#'3 Z[ 8 =' 6" $8 «X(6 &'=$», ' '=E( 58' =(4 6 !(5( '6$="E( "$$3 "$ ='55 B5 Z #'5 3$=5 6(""'5 !, =' &6(4 "$ :'#'49 #"( [(( 6 (S$ 4(" (. \'M"' =(3 '4'M !, S ' '" - ' 6'&? 3 4 5$ (49 8$" Z =(54(3'6$" 9, ' '=$9 $ 4 "$S( 3'" 8$4$ (#' 3' 5$8'B 58(= . R'4'M(" ( 5'&3$4'5! 3'6'4!"' 5 =$""'( :'#'4Z = W4$ 54$6$ 6 5$8'B S ' " "$ (5 ! #='8'#4$5"'B b'=8(: 36'= = ' 4(5 $4 !(5( S ! 4 "( 5' &4'=$35 6'8; 5 (5 6E( S "'6" 6E5' '#' =$"#$ ' V'"! (=94 5 (5!, 58 [(""' (=&$9 6 =(54$V $= (=$; 8$4' 'S (""E( = 5 ( $4 V4E8 93'8, $ = , S!( 8"(" ( S(#'- ' 5 ' 4', =(6'&"'5 4 :'#'49 3' "(?(5 &$ ', S ' '" 5'S4 6(4 'B 5$ ='B; ' 49="EB 3=$8$ =# < '4!" 'M$4 4(S$8 , #'6'=9, S ' !(5 $ - 65(#'"$65(#' #4 EB b$=5; 8'4'3(M! 5 6'5 '=#'8 '6 '=94$ 58(W"E( =( 4 ' E5 6$4$ V4(5 $ '6EV 5 6'&-
61
" -38 V$"'65 V 5=(3 56' V &"$ '8EV. i= #'B ?E 5$ (4! 6$459 N 'B $ 8'5b(='B V6$4E 5 $"3$4$. R W " ='5 ' '5 $4 4 ?E 56' '54( (4!"E( "(#= 9"5 ( & ?E 6 3'?='3 W"'B 58(W ( 6'=' 459 "(' '"S(""'B = ' 5 'S(=(3"'#' W(3(6=$. :'#'4! M( '5 4 $ , $ '54( ='6$4$ « !(5( "( " #=$"$ 3 3$ , 6=93 4 8'M"' 3' 5 !, S ' $6 '= N '#' "( &"$4; "', $ 9 M( #'6'= 4, '" ?E4 5 4'"(" 3'8E54 6$ ! 56' " # M( '54( '#', $ '" ?E4 "$ 5$"E. C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, '
62
=' , ' '=EB = - 5'6(=W(""' =' &6'4!"' - 58' =(4 6 (#' !(5(, ?E4 5'A $4!"E8 'S =(6'4ZA '""E8, S ' $&$4'5! 5'65(8 M "( = (84(8E8 349 :'#'49. %" ?'9459, S ' 36'= 63= # (=(58' = 56'( 6E5'S$BW((, "' &8("S 6'( ?4$#'=$5 '4'M(" ( !(5( &&$ S(=(5S = ? ="EV 'V6$4 =$3 $4!"EV = #'6 S(=(5S = ? ="'#' "(#'3'6$" 9 = #'6 =($ A '""EV, =(=$ =(35 $64(" 9, $ 54(3'6$ (4!"', 4 W (#' 3'V'3'6 ( , 6'&8'M"', ? 3 [(B ("5 ). %" ?'9459, S ' ?3 (4!"$9 A("& =$ ? 3( 8"'# ( #'3E 6=(3 ! (#' 4 (=$ ="'B $=!(=( 6 X'55 . g#' $ M( '#'=S$4', S ' 4Z3 , ' '=EV '" 'S $4 &$ 3'?=EV V= 5 $" (V' 9 (8'B «3'?=EV V= 5 $"» '" 6 4' " Z &$B8( 59 "(5 '4!' '&M() S(5 "EV S "'6" '6 (S ' 5 $"( "(#' ''8 5 "'" 8'8 (V M( V= 5 $"), ?E4 =$&3'5$3'6$"E 3$M( 6'&8 [("E (#' !(5'B "$&6$4 (( «#= ?E8 'W4E8 b$=5'8». 7', 'M$4 B, 5$8E8 8 S (4!"E8 349 "(#' ?E4' ', S ', 3'#$3E6$95!, $ ( 3 ' "(8 (=(5 3E, 5$8 '" V "( 54EW$4 M (8 ?'4(( "( 8'# V "$=$649 !. : 4, 3'5 #$6W B (#' W(B, ?E4 M 8 #='&"E8 ' '8 , S ' N ' ?E4 '4! ' # 4. R'V4' E6$" ( ' 4(S $&$4'5! (8 ='" S(5 'B "$58(W 'B "$3 (8 , '#' '" 6$M$( , $ 54(3'6$ (4!"', "$58(W 'B "$3 " 8. 2" (=(5, ' '=EB ='96494 "(8 5'6(=W(""' "(&"$ '8E( 4Z3 , 8" 459 (8 =(& 4! $ '8 (8"EV "= #, "(5 $&$""' ' $5"EV ( =( =$5"EB 8 =, " = #$... 5' ='6 [( 6 ([(=(). f 8("9 ? 3( 6'&8'M"'5 ! ' 5$ ! 6 3= #'B " #(, $ '3"'8 5 8$5W(3W(8 '5 '9""' $&$4'5!, ? 3 ' 65( 3( $4 4$"3W$b $ 36 M(" ( "('3 W(64(""EV =(38( '6 - N ' 54'M"EB '3, '88("$= B ' (#' '6'3 659 65(4(""$9 =$&#'6$= 6$( ' "(8 = '8'[ $B"EV &"$ '6. 7(S ' '3'?"'( N 'B 8=$S"'B S ! 4 "( '58 S(5 'B $" '8 8( 8'M"' 5(?( =(35 $6 !, =$&8EW499 ' ?'4(&"(""'8 ' "'W(" :'#'49 56'(B 6"(&$ "'B 54$6(. %" 6''?=$M$4, ? 3 ' 6' = # "(#' '4&$( (=(W( E6$( 59 659 6=$M3(?"$9 (8 X'55 9, E $95! (#' '# ? !, V6$49 '"'59 (#' !(5 . > Z"( 1836 #. '" (V$4 6 g6=' . :'6'=9 , S ' "$ $" "( ' c(&3$ (#' '5( 4 R W ", ''='#' '" ?'4!W( " '#3$ "( 6 3 , 65Z "'S! 68(5 ( 5 " 8 (=(? =$4 (#' = ' 5 ='S(4 "$S$4' «\(= 6EV 3 W» - (=6EB S(="'6 ?E4 M( '8 6=(8(" :'#'-
63
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h '65 8, 5 ' '=E8 ?E4 6 #'=$&3' ?'4(( (5"EV ' "'W(" 9V, S(8 5 R W "E8.
" C $=E( $"#4 B5 ( (=(6'3E «\(= 6EV 3 W» "( 5 '9 8(3"'#' #='W$ 3'4M"E ?E ! &c9 E & 65(V ?4 S"EV " 6(=5 ( 5 V ? ?4 ' ( . <'#3$ 9 5$4 &$8( , & ' '=EV 5'5 $6494$5! N $ " #$, «j $ (4!5 B 4 ?» 6 7!Z-z'= ( 6E 5 4 5'6(=W(""' "'6EB (=(6'3 «\(= 6EV 3 W», 53(4$""EB >. i. :(=" . a ' "$ =(3'5 ! V'='W$9 =$?' $. 2&3$" ( '= 9 36( 6([ : 58(V'6'="'( =(3 54'6 (, "$ 5$""'( '3" 8 & =(3$ '='6 «<4 ?$», (=(8("$ "$&6$" 9 "$ «R'V'M3(" 9 j S '6$, 4 i'8$W"99 M &"! 6 5 $='B X'55 ». a ' '5'?(""' '#'=S (4!"', (54 65 '8" !, S ' &$#4$6 ( «R'V'M3(" 9 j S '6$» ?E4' "$69&$"' A$=5 'B A("& ='B (=6'8 = 55 '8 &3$" Z, ?' A(= '6! #'6'= "$8, S ' 3 W ?(558(= "E 'N '8 "( 8'# ?E ! "$&6$"E 8(= 6E8 . > 3$""'8 54 S$( '3'?" Z &$8(" =' &6(4 96"' & ?'9&" "$6(9 ! 8=$S"E( 8E54 ='&'6'[( 8 4Z-
64
? (498 '8 5'6. R'3&$#'4'6' «i'8$W"99 M &"! 6 5 $='B X'55 » 'M( 6E?=$" "( 3$S"', $ $ &$ 85 6'6$" & 5'8" (4!"'#' 5'S "(" 9 «i'8$W"99 M &"! 6 X'55 , "$ 5$""$9 = 55 8 $= 5 ' =$ '8, 5 =$64(""$9 =(3$ '='8 «% =E B C ? = » (@'"3'", &3$ (4 e'=5 Y4( ( , "$54(3" :("= <'4?(="$, 1894) 5 = 8(S$ (4!"'B = 5 'B: «a ' 5'S "(" ( 'V=$"9( 59 $6 '=5 8 =$6'8, &3$ (4 '5 $649Z &$ 5'?'B =$6' "$ (#' (=(6'3». <" #( =(3 '54$"' =(3 54'6 ( 5 "( 8("(( = 8(S$ (4!"E8 5''?[(" (8: «<" #$ "$ 5$"$ = 55 8 $= 5 ' =$ '8, = ' 5! =(34'M("$ 8 $"#4 B5 8 &3$ (498; =$?' $ =(3$ '=$ '#=$" S 6$4$5! 5 =$64(" (8 54'6(5"EV 'W ?' , ' '=EV 54(3'6$4' 'M 3$ !, $89 9, S ' $6 '= 5$4 56'B = 3 "$ S M'8 9&E (... %" 3$( "$8 =(35 $64(" ( '? 54'6 9V M &" ' "'W(" 9V 6" = = 55 '#' '?[(5 6$... ;6 '= 6(=M3$( , S ' =$55 $& (#' =$63 6 '5"'6"E( b$ E W =' ' &6(5 "E 6 X'55 ... < 5'M$4(" Z, 8E "( 8((8 =$6$ "$&6$ ! 89 $6 '=$ ("( ' '8 , S ' = 3 (#' " M3$( 59 6 3' '4" (4!"'B ='6(= (, ?' (#' 3'5 '6(="'5 ! 3' $&$"$ S ! "( $M3'B 5 =' 'B) - $6 '= 65( ([( 8(S $( 6(=" !59 "$ ='3 " , =( =$5"' '" 8$9, S ' = &"$" ( 6 '8, S ' '" "$ 5$4 N " # , ' 8(S("" Z 5 '4! 8'["E8 5$ = S(5 8 3$='8, (36$ 4 ? 3( V'='W(B =( '8("3$A (B 8'M( '54 M ! $5 '= '8 349 ='(&3$ 6 5$8E( ' 3$4(""E( =$9 5 ? =5 'B #4 W ». %S("! ?E V' (4'5! &"$ !, ' ?E4 ' = 55 B $= 5 ' =$ , ' '=EB (=(6(4 (5' 8"'M(5 6'8 6 '= $"5 V =$5' , 3'?$64(""EV =(3$ '='8) «\(= 6E( 3 W » ='3$4 N ' '6$= $"#4 B5 '8 &3$ (4!5 6 , ' '='( 96"' 5S $4', S ' ?4 ( '34 ""E( 8(8 $=E, «?='5$Z[ ( 56( "$ 3'8$W"ZZ M &"! "$W V ?E4EV 5'Z&" '6 "E"(W" V 6=$#'6». ^6$4 N '#' $= 5 ' =$ $ e4(5 $ '6E8? 24 M( ' ?E4 5$8 j S '6? > $ '8- ' 58E54( " # :'#'49 '5 #4$ '34 ""' #'#'4(65 $9 5 3!?$.
***
65
7$ = 55 '8 9&E ( = '8'[ '3"'#' ?(5 '[$3"'#' 54'6$ 8'M"' 6E=$& ! 5 ! W =' ' =$5 ='5 =$"(""'#' '=' $, 349 ' '='#' = 3= # V &"$ '8EV 8"( (6=' (B5 V 9&E $ "( 8(Z 5 (A $4!"'#' '?'&"$S(" 9. % 5 5 6 ( '#' 4 "'#' (=8 "$ 6 54'6$=( $ '#'-" ? 3! "$='3$ "( 65(#3$ '&"$S$( ' 5 5 6 ( 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[(#' '"9 9, '3"$ ' 8(W$( '4"' ( 'S"'5 (#' '" 8$" 9. X$&"''?=$&"E( ' (" 964(" 9, ' '='( = 55 ( S( ' 6E=$M$Z 54'6'8 « 'W4'5 !», =$55E $"E 6 =93( $"#4 B5 V 54'6 "( 5'5 $649Z ' =(3(4(""'#' A(4'#'. C 'B '=E, '#3$ X'55 9 "$S$4$ 3 8$ !, 65( '?=$&'6$""E(, S ( 56'?'3'8E549[ ( = 55 ( '5 =' '[ [$Z 6'='6$ '( 4 '( = '5"'6(" ( 'W4'5 . C=(3 "$A B, 5 ' '=E8 "$5 65(#3$ ?E4 ?4 & ( 569& , :(=8$" 9 $&$4$5! "$8 5 =$"'B, #3( 'W4'5 ! "( '4! ' "( '58(9"$, "' 5 $4$ '3" 8 & 6(3 [ V $S(5 6 "$A '"$4!"'#' 3 V$, = 6ES( , =$3 A B '?[(B $ 8'5b(=E, V' 9 ?4$#'M(4$ (4!"E( = 55 ( " (44 #(" E ?'4(( ='8$" S(5 '#' 5 4$3$ 'V' "', S(=(5S = 'V' "' = " 8$4 "$ 6(= 4(#("3 ' 6(4 S "(8(A 'B b 4'5'b 4 (=$ =E; "$3' ?E ! 56(=V= 55 8, S '?E 'S 65 6'6$ ! M$5" Z 5 = Z 'W4'5 6 «O$ 5 (» :( (. R=( 6(4 S 6$ ! " S 'M(5 6' 5 =$"E 6 ' 8'8(" , '#3$ 5 "(B 6'Z(W! V' (4 ?E 6 3( ! (( " S 'M(""'B 3' '54(3"(B 6"'B = M '54(3"(B "(&$? 3 - N ' ' $5"'( = ?4 M(" ( =$Z =' $5 '3 "$&6$" (8 'W4'5 !, ' '=$9 & 9( (=(3 '?'B 6' 6=(8("$ =(6'4ZA B 6'B". 7' (54 5 ='8"' ='W( $ ! 3'6'("" Z 5 " , 3$M( 5 ' (" '8 S(#'- ' 5 $='8'3"'#', N 'B =' $5 , 'M$4 B, 8'M"' &?(M$ !. >' 5 ' 4( "$&$3, '#3$ #=$M3$"5 6(""' "$5 ='(""E( ( (=? =#5 ( ?4 A 5 E 5'5 $6494 ' !9"9Z[ ( ' (B4 & :(#(49 l4(#(49 (5 3'?$6 'B O(B(=?$V$), :'#'4! 6 8 8'V'3'8 =$55 $&$""'B 5 '= 6E=$& 4 ?(558(= "EB 3 V 'W4'5 , ='" &E6$Z[ B "(8(A Z "$A Z, 53(4$4 N ' 5' 65(B 8'[!Z 56'(#' $4$" $. X$&#'6'= 6 '?[(5 6( (=(W(4 "$ :(=8$" Z. f '="' 8'4S$6W B :'#'4! "$ '"(A 5 $&$4: «i$, "(8(A 6''?[( "( 'S("! = 9 ("; "' " S(#' "(4!&9 5(?( =(35 $6 ! "( = 9 "(( "(8A$-4'6(4$5$, "(8A$4Z?(&" $, ' '=EB V'S( "=$6 !59; '#3$ '" 8'M( 3'B 3' 5 =$W"EV "(4( '5 (B. d 65 =( 4 '3"$M3E $'#' 4'6(4$5$ 6 :(=8$" . g#' 6'&4Z?4(""$9, &$ ' '-
66
='Z '" V$M 6$4 3'4#'( 6=(89 ?(& 5 (V$, M 4$ "$ ?(=(# $ '#'- ' = 3$ 65( 6(S(=$ ='6'3 4$ "$ ?$4 '"( (=(3 N 8 = 3'8, &$" 8$95! 69&$" (8 S 4' "$54$M3$95! 68(5 ( 5 (8 = ='3'B. \'B "(8(A, 6 39 ?(& 5(W"'5 ! 56' V =(54(3'6$" B, 6E3 8$4 "$ '"(A 6(="'( 5=(35 6' 4(" ! 5(=3A( "( 8'4 8'B "(8 . 7 , S ' 6E 3 8$( (? <$ '( 5=(35 6'? i$ 6$8 6 #'4'6 "( = 3( , S '! >''?=$& ( 5(?(, '" $M3EB 6(S(=, =$&3(6W 5!, ?='5$459 6 = 3 4$6$4 (=(3 #4$&$8 56'(B 6'&4Z?4(""'B, '?"96W 36 V 4(?(3(B, "$='S"' 8 349 5(#' = #' '64(""EV! fM, =$6', "( &"$Z, &$S(8 ?E4 N 4(?(3 , '4! ' "(5 '4! ' 3"(B 5=93 $M3EB 6(S(= '" 65( 4$6$4 =$5'6$459 5 " 8 (=(3 &$6( "E8 ?$4'"'8. >''?=$M$4 4 '" 6 N '8 S '- ' $" S"'(, 8 b'4'# S(5 '( 4 =$55S E6$4 "$ S '-" ? 3! 3= #'(, '4! ' 3(4' '"S 4'5! 6 (#' '4!& : "(8 $ 3(B5 6 (4!"' 4(" 4$5! N 8 4'6(4$5'8 6EW4$ 5 '=' &$ "(#' &$8 M». >' 6$8 'W4'5 ! 6 (( S 5 '8 6 3(, 6E 'B8( (, S ' 4Z?E( $"#4 B5 ( N ( E "( ' =E6$Z N '#' N S(5'#' =$55 $&$ ' ?(4' ='8 4'6A( 4$5 $(8EV 8 4(?(39V. i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b(=$, ' '= Z '='M3$( =( 4$8$, 3'6'4!"' ?(&6=(3"$ 5$8$ ' 5(?( -
67
6(3! 65( '" 8$Z , S ' (( 5'&3$4 ='3$6AE, 54'6"' 3'#'6'= 6W 5! 5 ' $ (4(8 = "9 ! S$5 ( 6 N 'B #=( « '"$='W ». ^$?$6"' "( ', S ' 6 8 =( "( '5 $4'5! " S(#' 3 V'6"'#', ='8( 6'5 '=#$ 4Z3(B, ='3$Z[ V 4 '(3$Z[ V 8$"" "(?(5" Z, "( ', S ' #=$ S 65 6 6(3( 59 &3(5! ' ? =M $&"E8 =$6 4$8 (? =M $&"E8 "( 6 8$= 5 5 5 '8, $ 6' b4'?(='65 '8 '" 8$" N '#' 54'6$), $ ', S ' 8 = N ' '4! ' ("!, 5 " '34 ""'#' 5 [(5 6'6$" 9, 6 ' '=EB " ='3$6AE, " ' $ (4 6 #4 ? "( 3 W "( 6(=9 , '5'?(""' 6 =$& 8"'B, 5 ' 'B"'B ;8(= (. g54 =( 4$8"EB V 3'M" V'S( &'?=$& ! V'='W(#' 8$4!S $, '" =$5 (#' 6(5" W $8 ('" , 5 $ , 6E#4939 , $ &4'6([$9 5E ! 6 3(W(6EV '8 5$V). D 'W4'5 ! 569&$"$ 5 54'6"'5 !Z 54(# $ =$5 5 5 '#' V$=$ (=$. i'?='V' E '5E4$Z '3 "' 8 5'43$ $8 54( 5 "'# #'44 6 35 V =$5' ' , '3( E( 6 W(4 '6E( S 4 "$? E( '"b( $8 ?= 6$8 - 6' 659 '8 54 S$(, 9 6 3(4 5" 8' S(4'6( $, "$? 6$6W(#' $ Z "'# , 6 M ="$4(, &"$8(" '8 "$ 6(5! 8 = $ '5 $6[ 'W4'5 . R=' $#$"3$ ( ' '=$9 "( 8'M( 5 [(5 6'6$ ! ?(& [(3='B 3'4 'W4'5 ) &$ '4"9( ?='WZ= V'='W("! 8 '4V'&" A$8 "'5 8E8 6( ='8 '?4$ $8 . d 6E? =$Z = 8(=E "$5 (V, "$ 3$S . «@( 5 '" =' 5"EV 5 "», ' '=EB 5$4 O4'?(=, ?E4 ?'4(( S(5 '4Z? 6E8 &$8E54'8. @ (=$ =$ - '3 " & 4 SW V '8" '6 'W4'5 ; 9 "( #'6'=Z ' '8, S ' &'6 8$ 4$ ='B, $ 6 X'55 «M(4 'B =(55'B». d6"$9 3(W(6 $, $ " 5 =$""', "'#3$ 5'3(=M "(S ' &3'='6'(, S ' 5 3'6'4!5 6 (8 '=(?49Z 3( ='5 '3 W"E(. <'8 5 «C (=8("» "(5'8"(""$9 'W4'5 !, "' N ' 'W4'5 ! 6 $ 'B ?(&'? 3"'B, "( = V' 4 6'B b'=8(, S ' ' "(B "( 5 ' #'6'= ! - 5 $=$9 6'4W(?"$9 5 $& $, (54 M "$ ' 'W4', 5'3(=M$4$ "( 8("!W( ?$"$4!"'B 5(" 8(" $4!"'5 "$ 6"'B 6 4!#$="'5 , S(8 N 5'6=(8(""E( '?$5(" '? « 5 =(? (49V 6(4 $"'6». R'6 '=9Z, 'W4'5 ! '5'?(""' 5 4!"$ &4'6=(3"$, '#3$ b$4!W! "( 4(&( 6 #4$&$ '#3$ ( 5 ["'5 , ' '=E( '33(4E6$Z 59, &$ '""' 4 "(&$ '""' ' "'59 6E5'S$BW 8 3'5 M(" 98 5 55 6$, 8E54 4 S 65 6$. a ' ( " # , ' ' '=EV $ 'W4' =$55 $&E6$Z 6 4 (=$ ="EV = 4'M(" 9V #$&( $8, «6'4" Z[ (, #4 ?' ( =( =$5"E(» ='8$"E; N ' (
68
N ' ( «6'&6EW(""E( 6 (S$ 49Z[ (» " # , ' '=E( 5'3(=M$ 6E3(49Z 6 " N55("A Z 'W4'5 . f 8("9 $ =$& 4(M "$ 5 '4( #$&( $, #3( "$ A(4'B '4'5( =( 4$8 = ( 59 "( B ='8$" - b$4!W 6 $ 5 "$S$4$ 3' '"A$ ' 5 4Z, ' 9M(4'6(5"E8 = N $8 6' = # 6E5'V 3(B, ' #4 ?' '8 "(6(3(" Z '#', S ' $ '( "$5 '9[$9 4 (=$ =$ ( (=! '#3$ ?E ' " ?E4'. a ' ='8$" 8"( 3' 5 =$""'5 "$ '8 "$( 4$5 $Z[(#' 4(?(3(B 4'6A$, ' 5$""'#' :'#'4(8. «>E '#= M$( (5! 6 "(#' 5 #'4'6'B, W( =(A("&(" . - R(=(6(=" 6 '54(3"ZZ 5 =$" A , 6E 6'&6=$[$( (5! 6 ' = M$Z[ B 8 = 54(# $ &$3 8S 6E8, $ '54( 5 4!"'#' (=(M 6$" 9» (&$8( ! ( N ' ' ( 4 6'( «54(# $»!). «R(6 S$9 " #$, 3' =$(6 '4"$9 &9[(5 6$, 56( $ =(4(5 , " #$ ' 5 "( M(8S M"'#' 5 9" 9», - W( S( 3= #'B =(A("&(" ( ' 4'6(A ?E4 'M( «3' =$(6 '4'" &9[(5 6$», $ 4(?(3 &4 S$4 «M(8S M"'( 5 9" (»). «X$?'$ 5 5"'#' 5 V'4'#$, ' '=EB 5 '5'?(" 554(3'6$ ! 5$8E( ' $(""E( #4 ? "E S(4'6(S(5 'B 3 W ». a ' « ' $(""E(» ("( $ (-" ? 3! «'?[(3'5 "E(», &$8( ! () ([( 36$- = 6'5V (4!"EV N ( $ 3$Z 'S"'( =(35 $64(" ( ' A(""'5 " # . i$, 'V6$4$ '4"'5 !Z 5'' 6( 5 6 ( =(38( , ' ' '='8 3( =(S!: « =( =$5"EB» ='8$" '4 S 4 « =( =$5" Z» =(A("& Z = # 'W4'5 &$8 " 459 4 &$8 " 459 ?E, (54 ?E 54'6$ '" ' &$ 5(?9 "( ' '85 4 $B '8 "( =' $[ 4 =$63E, 54'M 6W 5! 6 5$8 Z S ' " "$ (5 ! $?5 =3" Z '?4 S (4!" Z b=$& , V' 9 &3$ (4! =(A("&(" 6(=("E, S ' =(6'&"'59 N ' ='8$", « ' '=EB S $Z[$9 ?4 $ = "94$ = 8b$4!"'» (54(3 ( $5 ='"'8 S(5 $9 A b=$ ='3$""EV N &(8 49='6). 2?' 6 8 =( 'W4'5 "( " #$ 5 $"'6 59 = 8b'8 (( 5'&3$ (49, $ = 8b 5 =$ 6$( S $Z[$9 ?4 $, ='#4$ E6$9 " # 68(5 ( 5 =( 4$8'B "$ '?4'M (. X'8$", ' ' '='8 $ 5 $&$"', 6 '4"( 8'# ?E ! S(5 "'B, 5 =(""(B ' E 'B $6 '=$ "$ 5$ ! ' '8, S ' (#' #4 ?' ' &$3(6$4', 6'&8'M"' 3$M(, S ' "( '4! ' '88(=S(5 ( &$?' E '4 " 4 (#' "$ N ' &4'5S$5 "'( =(3= 9 (. Y(3$ 6 '8, S ' " 5 =(""'5 !, " S(5 "'5 !, " 3$M( 3'?=' $ 5(=3(S"$9 "( 8(W$Z 3(8'" 'W4'5 &$64$3( ! W [(B 8$W " 'B $6 '=$, (54 "(#' "( $4$" $ (54 «S $Z[$9 ?4 $» $ '6$, $ 'B ((
69
5S $Z &3$ (4 . C$8'( 5 =$W"'( 6 'W4'5 - N ' "(6'&8'M"'5 ! '?c95" ! 4Z398, 'S(8 " #$, ' '=$9, $&$4'5! ?E, ? '8 "$? $ ?4$#'='3"E8 S 65 6$8 , 5'5 =$3$" (8 3$M( 5 '5'?"$ = 64(S! 6" 8$" ( S $(4(B (8(, 3$4( 'B ' «&4'?E 3"9», #'=$&3', #'=$&3' V M( 'B 4 (=$ =E, ' '= Z 65( 5S $Z 3(W(6 'B. 2& = 6(3(""EV = 8(='6, "$3(Z5!, 95"', S ' 'W4'5 ! - N ' "( '4! ' ' ='6(""$9 8$ 4$ =$, "' 8" 8' &"$S (4!"$9, 8" 8' =$5 6$9, 8" 8' #4 ?' '8E54(""$9, 8" 8' 64( $ (4!"$9 4 (=$ =$. C 5' 4 (=$="EV (=5'"$M(B, '4 A( 6'=9Z[ V 'W4'5 ! ( '= 55 8(" (8EV 'W49 $8 'W49S $8 ), 6 4ZS$( R'4'" 9 '='4(65 Z S( 6 «:$84( (», X'3'4!b$ %8N O4'?(=$, @$(65 '#' 6 «i N4 » j(V'6$, \$= '" Y4 8 iM'B5$, 8'4'3'#' Y4'V$ 6 «R' 5 $V =$S(""'#' 6=(8(" » R= 5 $, 8' $55$"'65 '#' \ 4'#' 3= #$, 8 M$ ;""E <$=(" "'B, Y(=#$ 6 «>'B"( 8 =(» 8"'M(5 6' 3= # V 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A 6 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =(. X 55 ( = 5'A $4!"'#' "$ =$64(" 9 6 3(4 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V» «X(6 &'=(» '?4 S(" ( '?[(5 6(""'B 'W4'5 , =$5A6( W(B 6 =( '5 " S(5 'B, ?Z=' =$ S(5 'B = 55 'B ='6 "A , &-&$ N '#' 5 $4 #4$6"'(. :'#'4(65 ( #(=' ' 6'4( 54 S$9 ' $&$4 5! = 55 8 '8([ $8 S "'6" $8 , V 6''?=$M$(8$9 5=(3$ 5'A $4!"E( 54'6 9 "( 8(Z $?5'4Z "' " $ '#' &"$S(" 9, $ M( $ #'5 '3 " %8N 8'# ?E ! 3(4!A'8 & j $#' 4 \$= '" Y4 8 - M("'B S (49 & >EW"(#' >'4'S$. Y'4(( '#', V 5=(3$ 54'6 9, $ 8 ?E '" " ?E4 6 «=($4!"'B M &" », '36(=#4 5! $ 'B #4 ?'S$BW(B (=( $5'6 ( (=( 4$6 ( 6 4$?'=$ '= #'#'4(65 '#' 6'=S(5 6$ ('? N '8 9 M( #'6'= 4 6 569& 5 «X(6 &'='8»), S ' 5 $ ! 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V» '34 "" Z = 55 Z 3(B5 6 (4!"'5 ! $ M( ?(5 '4(&"', $ =(35 $649 ! 5(?( i$" Z "$ '5"'6( S$5 "'#' =' 5W(5 6 9 6 8$""'8 a4!5 "'=(. ; M (54 =(S! &$W4$ ' «b$ $V», ' ' 3$ :'#'4Z ?E4' = '?=(5 &"$" ( = 55 'B ='6 "A ? >'5(8! S$5'6 6 '3'4!5 '8 =$ =(, "(3(49 6 < =5 (, 3$ ', S ' 8(4! $4' &$ ' "'8 'S'6'B $=( E, 3$ 6'5 '8 "$" 9 ' S 5 ' =$ "5 '8 3( 5 6( 6 \ =#'='3(, 7(M "( R'4 $6(? 7' 65( N #'='3$ 4(M$ 3$4( ' ' 8$=W= $ j S '6$. %3"$ ' S ' =$63$, ' =$63$: «\(= 6E( 3 W » 5"$?M$Z 6" 8$ (4!"'-
70
#' S $ (49 "$?'='8 =$&3 6W V59 8(= 6EV 3 W, = "$34(M$[ V 'W49 $8 'W49S $8 ' 5$""EV 5 S 5' #'#'4(65 8 58$ '8 ?'#$ 5 6'8 M '6$ EV '3='?"'5 (B, ' '=E( '3" 8$Z N ' =' &6(3(" ( 3' ='6"9 # #$" 5 'B N S(5 'B 'N8E - "(3$='8 :'#'4! 3$4 «\(= 6E8 3 W$8» $ 'B 8( B '3&$#'4'6' . > 'W4'5 (5 ! $ 'B- ' 4'5 , $ $9- ' V4'5 !, (( #49"(A, (( 4$6"E( 'S(= $" 9 = 64( $4 :'#'49 $ V 3'M" $. <'4'55$4!"EB W$=''?=$&"EB 'W49 R$6(4 j S '6, ' '=EB 6E $5 6$( $4!A$8 b # & 8'4' $, S '?E 589#S ! #4' , 4 ' 495E6$( 6 "'S"'B = ?$W (, ' S(#' 6([ "$ '4 $V 5'3='#$Z 59 6 $ N 'B 5 $= $"5 'B M #( ($ '3 '"(A 6 N 5 $&( ?!( 5(?9 ' V4'8 &$3 , ' (5 ! ' 56'(8 '34 ""'8 4 A , ?'5'B ='&'6'B 9 'B, (8 5$8E8 54'6"' =' $4 6$9 5(?9 6 '34 ""EB =$B 8(= 6EV 3 W) - N 6 3(" 9 A$=9 "$3 ?'4(( 8(4 8 'W4'5 98 ?'#'#' ='6 "A $4!"'#' ?E $ 4 8$4("! V '34("! V S "'6" '6. 7' 'W49 3$M( $ '#' # #$" 5 '#' $4 ?=$, $ j S '6, "( =(8(""' 8(( $ 'B- ' &c9", 3E= , S(=(& ' '= Z 6 3(" S(=69 , 8 &(="EB 55'VW B59 3 =$S' , ' '=EB 4(M , 5 '=S 6W 5!, 6 #4 ? "( =' $""'#' 'W4'5 !Z 6$8$. C 5$8'#' "$S$4$ ?E4' S '- ' #4 '( 6 3(( 5 8(= 6EV 3 W - 3 W =( '5 "EV, 8(=W V '54( 'S(=(3"'B (=( 5 : '8([ ='3'4M$4 4$ ! &$ " V '3 W"EB "$4'#, (8 5$8E8 "$3(499 V S(8- ' 6='3( $?5 =$ "'#' 5 [(5 6'6$" 9, ' '='(, '3"$ ', 5'6(=W(""' '" =( "' '59#$4' "$ $=8$" V 64$3(4!A(6 8'#4' ?E ! 5 '4! M( « '" =( "'» 5 '4!&'6$"' j S '6E8, ' $ (4(8 N V b$" '8'6. \(4 $9, "' 3'6'4!"' =' 6"$9 #4 '5 ! $ '(- ' 6=(89 $ 4$5! 6 $" A( 54'M"EV 8$" 49A B. RE $95! ' $ ! 8(= 6(A'6 6 5 =$"(, #3( &$ '""' ' $4 &$ 4$3E6$4 M 6EV 4Z3(B, j S '6 (36$ 4 5(=!(&"' #=(W 4 5 'S &=(" 9 8'=$4 . g54 9 6E =$W 4 A' 5 $="'B ?(=4 "5 'B 4$& =!Z 68(5 ' =$5 , ='3$6$(8'B #'5 3$=5 6'8, '4 S 6W 8 "$ "(( 8'"' '4 Z, 8'( =(5 4(" ( "( &$54 M 3$M( 5" 5V'3 (4!"'B 4E? " '3 " 5$ (4! "( &'?=$& (#' 6 6 3( ?(=4 "5 'B =$#(3 . 7' (54 9 ' = M N &$ (Z ?'4!W'B $ "5 6(""'5 !Z 5 $" S !59 V =E8 4'6 $8 , = '8'[ ' '=EV (( '5 [(5 6 4, (54 3$8 6'&8'M"'5 ! ?'4 4 6'8 5'5(3 &$#49" ! 6 8' ?$" 5 5$8'3(4!"'B =$5 'B, ? 3 $=(-
71
5 '6$" 4Z3 5 "( '33(4!"' #'4 ?E8 4 A$8 '36(=#" 8("9 #= ?'8 '?=$[(" Z - '#3$ 58(9 !59 ? 3 "$3' 8"'B. 7(58' =9 "$ ?(& 54'6" Z ==$A '"$4!"'5 ! j S '6$ 6 ?(& 54'6"' ==$A '"$4!"'8 8 =(, 3 =$ 6 "(8 6 3(" ' '8 , S ' '" 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$ 5'6(=W$( ='8$V &$ ='8$V'8. :4 '5 !Z ?E4' '=#'6$ ! 8(= 6E( 3 W 5 $= V , ' '=$9 ?'94$5! = 6 3(" B, "( ='5 (4!"E8 ?(&=$55 35 6'8 - =(34$#$ ! $ Z 5'8" (4!" Z 53(4 V6$5 " V$8 7'&3=(6 . 7' 9 '6 '=9Z 6 #'3 (8, ' 4Z? , S '?E " # ' 5E6$4 «=($4!"EV 4Z3(B» «=($4!"E( =(5 4(" 9», 3$ ([( 5'3(=M$4 '4'M (4!" Z 3(Z (N ' =(6(4 '( 5 =$W 4 [(, &$ 85 6'6$""'( & M$=#'"$ W$=4$ $"'6=' '6(3" '6), S ' «\(= 6E( 3 W » " S(#' 8 "( 3$3 . D$ $ 6 "$ j S '6$ S 5 ' 54'6"$, (#' 5 3!?$ 6=93 4 '#'-" ? 3! &$3("( &$ M 6'(. a ' 4 W" B =$& 3' $&E6$( , $ 58(V' 6'="' 'W ?$4 5! = 55 ( S $(4 = , 6 3(6W ( 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V» b$ S(5 '( &'?=$M(" ( M &" 'B '=E. 7' (54 '3'B 4(#("3$="'8 'W49 j S '6 $ , $ '" '#' &$54 M 6$( , ' (5 ! 6 3( ! 6 "(8 '5'?!, 5'&3$"" Z :'#'4(8, ' '=$9 36 M( 59 6 '5'?'B, #'#'4(65 'B = #'6(= , ' $?5 =$ "'( =(35 $64(" ( ' M 4!" S(5 'B '=#'64( =( '5 "E8 "$ '4" 59 5 =$""'B =($4!"'5 !Z ? 3( '&"$S$ ! 8"'#' ?'4!W( '#', S ' 8E 6 3(4 ?E, =$558$ = 6$9 (( 6 56( ( 5'A $4!"EV 54'6 B, A$= 6W V 6 X'55 5 ' 4( "$&$3. \(= 6E( 3 W , ' '=E( '" 5 $( , N ' "( ='5 ' (=(S("! 8(" "$ 4 5 ( ? 8$# . a 8(= 6E( 3 W , "$ '4"9Z[ ( 6'&3 V, 6 ' '='8 M 6( :'#'4!, 56' 8 '5 = E6$" (8 =( EV$"!(8 - "(4( E( animuli [3 W'" (4$ .)] \$" 4'6$ 4 <'='?'S , 3$8 & #'='3$ NN, ?(5S 54(""EV #"'8 '6, 6E5 $ 6$Z[ V & 5 =$" A N 'B " # . i$ 5$8 j S '6 - 65(#' 4 W! " & ' ' 4$S 6$(8EB $#(" 3!96'4$, $35 B '88 6'9M(=: «"$W #'5 '3 " j S '6», $ 8'#4 ?E "$&E6$ ! 6 $ A '"(="'8 '?[(5 6( «C$ $"$ <°» N '#' 3'?='3 W"'#', $""'#', "' 6" =(""( 3='M$[(#' =(35 $6 (49. R'W4'5 !, ' '= Z '4 A( 6'=9( j S '6 - '3"' & #4$6"EV ' 4 S (4!"EV 56'B5 6 3!96'4$, 6 S!( 5 [(5 6'6$" (, "$3' 3'?$6 !, :'#'4! 6(= 4 3$ ?'4!W(, S(8 6 5 [(5 6'6$" ( Y'#$. D=([ "$ 6 3'5 (V$V j S '6$, N $ =M$6$9 3E=$, ' 3$ "(5( #" 5"'B 6'"!Z ( $ & ='? 'B ?$" =$?'6, ' '= Z ' $4(S 4 &$?E4 6
72
S 4$"( $ 'B-" ? 3! =' '&(B) - "( =(8(""$9 [(4! 6 &$?=$4( 3!96'4$. a ' 5 '""EB 3 ' &8 65(8 ="'B 'W4'5 . j S '6 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$ '?=(S(" $ 59 56'(B # ?(4 , S !-S ! 6 V499 &$3'8, - 'V'3 'B, ' '=$9 '4! ' 'W49 $8 'W49S $8 #'='3$ NN 8'#4$ '$&$ !59 ' (4!"' 56( 5 'B. > =(W$Z[ ( 8 " E, '#3$ '" =$&=$M$( 59 '3"'B & 56' V "=$6' S (4!"EV =$3 (5 4(# 'B (=(? 6 'B 6 54$3 '#4$5"'B =(S - =(8'4' "$ 54'6$V «6'&4Z?4(""E( ?=$ !9»), "$8(=(6$95! ' ! 56' 5 ""E( "$8(=(" 9 6 6E5' ' $="'B $ '(, '" "$&E6$( 5(?9 M$4 8 S(=6(8 8 =$ 5(#'. <$ " 5 =$""', " =' (#' =$63$ 'S S(=6!, (54 S 'S = [ = !59, =$ǭE6$9 (#' ' = #4'5 , S(=69 N '#' 8'M"' =$&4 S !. >5 '8 "$( 59 3'6'(""EB (6=' (B5 B 4$ $ , =( 4$8 ='6$6W B W "E; "$ "(8 ?E4' &'?=$M("' "(S ' 6='3( S(4'6(S(5 '#' 5 [(5 6$, A(4 '8 5'5 $64(""'#' & =(& "'6EV '4(A; $ ' = #4EB j S '6 $M( 59 8"( # 8, '4!S$ E8, (4(5"'#' A6( $ S(=6(8. g54 9 5 8(4 (=(3$ ! M Z = ='3 N '#' (=5'"$M$ =$&4 S"E( 6 3E 'W4'5 , '89" E( 8"'B ' "', 6 5'6' "'5 5'&3$Z A(4'5 "'( V 3'M(5 6(""'( 964(" ( (#'#'4(65 B 4(B 8' 6 «' = #4'#'» 6 'W4'5 ), '#3$ «\(= 6E( 3 W » (=(5 $Z (=(3=$&" 6$ ! Z8'= 5 S(5 Z '6(5 ! 4 5'A $4!"'( '?4 S(" (, 8'M"' '?5 M3$ ! V 65(=!(&. R'N '8 3$6$B ( = 58' = 859 $"6( N '#' =' &6(3(" 9 ' = 5 $4!"((.
*** «> 6'=' $ #'5 " AE # ?(="5 '#' #'='3$ NN 6c(V$4$ 3'6'4!"' =$5 6$9 =(55'="$9 "(?'4!W$9 ?= S $, 6 $ 'B (&39 V'4'5 9 : ' 5 $6"E( '3 '4 '6" , W $?5$ $"E, '8([ , 8(Z[ ( ' '4' 5' " 3 W =(5 !9", - 54'6'8, 65( (, ' '=EV "$&E6$Z #'5 '3$8 5=(3"(B = . > ?= S ( 5 3(4 #'5 '3 ", "( =$5$6(A, "' "( 3 ="'B "$= M"'5 , " 54 W '8 '45 , " 54 W '8 '"' ; "(4!&9 5 $&$ !, S '?E 5 $=, '3"$ ' M "( $ S '?E 54 W '8 8'4'3. >c(&3 (#' "( =' &6(4 6 #'='3( 5'6(=W(""' " $ '#' W 8$ "( ?E4 5' ='6'M3(" " S(8 '5'?(""E8; '4! ' 36$ = 55 ( 8 M $, 5 '96W (
73
36(=(B $?$ $ =' 6 #'5 " AE, 53(4$4 '(- $ ( &$8(S$" 9, ' "'5 6W (59, 6 ='S(8, ?'4(( N $M , S(8 5 3(6W(8 6 "(8. «> W! E, - 5 $&$4 '3 " 3= #'8 , 6'" $ '( '4(5'! S ' E 3 8$(W!, 3'(3( ' '4(5', (54 ? 54 S 4'5!, 6 \'5 6 4 "( 3'(3( ?» - «i'(3( », ' 6(S$4 3= #'B. «; 6 <$&$"!- ', 9 3 8$Z, "( 3'(3( ?» «> <$&$"! "( 3'(3( », - ' 6(S$4 3= #'B. a 8 =$&#'6'= '"S 459. i$ ([(, '#3$ ?= S $ '3c(V$4$ #'5 " A(, 65 =( 459 8'4'3'B S(4'6( 6 ?(4EV $" b$5'6EV $"$4'"$V, 6(5!8$ & V '=' V, 6' b=$ ( 5 ' W("!98 "$ 8'3 , &- '3 ' '='#' 6 3"$ ?E4$ 8$" W $, &$5 (#" $9 4!5 'Z ? 4$6 'Z 5 ?='"&'6E8 5 '4('8. \'4'3'B S(4'6( '?'=' 459 "$&$3, '58' =(4 N $M, = 3(=M$4 = 'Z $= &, S ! "( 54( (6W B ' 6( =$, 'W(4 56'(B 3'='#'B». X$&#'6'= 36 V = 55 V 8 M '6 ( S"' #'#'4(65 B 4('"$&8) - S 5 ' 8'&= (4!"EB. 2V =$&3 8!9 $ «?E ! 4 "( ?E !»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b 4'5'b 9 'N& 9; 6c(34 6E( = , '65Z3 [ [ ( 8'=$4!, 8'# =(3 '4'M !, S ' ' = #4'5 ! j S '6$ "( 3'6(3( (#' 3' 3'?=$, $ $ (( 5 86'4 & = ( ' = #4'5 ! 5'8" (4!"'#' '4(5$. ;"3=(B Y(4EB, N ' #(" B 6c(34 6'5 , 58' =(4, S ' 659 (=6$9 S$5 ! «\(= 6EV 3 W» - &$8 " EB = #, ' '=EB 6=$[$( 59 "$ '5 $ 5 =(8 (4!"', S ' "( 6 3"' 5 A; = $M3'8 '6'=' ( 5ZM( $ 6' = # (=5'"E j S '6$ 6'&" $( '?=$& '4(5$. g[( '3"$ V$=$ (="$9 3( $4!: 54 S$B"EB ='V'M B, 8'4'-
74
3'B S(4'6( , ' 5$""EB 5 "('M 3$""'B 6'65( "( ' "'59[(B59 3(4 '3='?"'5 !Z; '" '9649( 59 $ , ? 3 ' &$B8( 56'( 8(5 ' 6 'N8( ( $ 54'6"' ?E "$8(=(6$Z 59 53(4$ ! 8"'# ( & #'#'4(65 V #'8 " 4'6 - "( 3(4$Z N '#'). f 4Z?'#' 3= #'#' 5$ (49 'B N 'V 54(3 Z[ B $?&$A 3'4M(" ?E4 ?E "$S "$ !59: «26$" - ?' $ &6$4 8'4'3'#' S(4'6( $...» 7' "( , '=E6 6( =$ =(=E6$( (#' #4$&("!(, '" "$65(#3$ 5S(&$( & 'N8E. Y(&4 B '4'6'B 6 54(3 Z[(8 $?&$A( (3' '#' 6(= 496EB, S ' "(4!&9 =$558' =( ! (#' 4 A') 5"'6$ '9649( 59 "(8"'#' '#'39 , 5 5 $95! ' 4(5 " A( & "'8(=$ j S '6$, S $( ' 5 4$3$8 "$ 5$""'( "$ 4'S ( ? 8$M : «R$-6(4 2-6$-"'-6 S j -S - '6»; N 54'# 8(Z $ 5'"'8 S(5 '( &"$S(" ( 349 ' =(3(4(" 9 3$""'B 4(5 " AE. :'6'=9 ' «X(6 &'=(», 9 5 3'6'4!5 6 (8 ' 4$64 6$4 (V '?'S"EV (=5'"$M(B, ' '=E( 'M 649Z b'" 3(B5 6 9. D$ ( (=5'"$M 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V», 6='3( '4'6'#' 4 4$ (9 j S '6$ ( 8(6W(#' 56'B 5'?5 6(""EB &$ $V, ' '=EB '" 5=$& M( 5''?[$4 4Z?'8 56'(8 8(5 'M (4!5 6 ), - 5'&3$" 9 "( 6 '4"( Nb ="E(. >8(5 ( 5 j S '6E8 '8([ $8 , 5 ' '=E8 '" 65 =(S$( 59, N 4 A$ &$" 8$Z $6$"5A(" " # , V' 9 8$4' =$&#'6$= 6$Z "( ' $&E6$Z 6 3 8'#' 64 9" 9 "$ 'V'M3(" 9 #(='9. > !(5( M &"! '?'S"EV (=5'"$M(B '#=$" S 6$4$5! (8, S ' ' " V '8 "$4 3(B5 6 Z[ ( 4 A$. > ='8$"(, 4 W(""E( =(S 3(B5 6 9, 6 '='5 ( (""E( (=5'"$M "( 58'#4 ?E &$M ! 56'(B M &"!Z 3$M( &$ 4 5$8 , $ $ "( =$8 E, '3S(= 6$Z[(B V ' 5 5 6 ( "$ $6$"5A("(. %3"$ ' :'#'49 349 N '#' 54 S$9 ?E4 6 &$ $5( 56'B =Z . R'?'S"E( V$=$ (=E 6 (#' ='8$"( 'M 64("E 659S(5 8 '#'6'= $8 , 8( $b'=$8 , 5=$6"(" 98 4 = S(5 8 ' 5 4(" 98 . R(=(3 "$8 '=$& (4!"'( 964(" (: 54'6(5"E( '?'=' E 5'&3$Z M 6EV 4Z3(B. >' = 8(= '#', $ N ' 3(4$( 59: «i$M( 5$8$9 '#'3$ 6(5!8$ 5 $ = 54 M 4$5!: 3("! ?E4 "( ' 95"EB, "( ' 8=$S"EB, $ $ '#'- ' 56( 4'5(='#' A6( $, $ 'B ?E6$( '4! ' "$ 5 $=EV 8 "3 =$V #$=" &'""EV 5'43$ , N '#', 6 ='S(8, 8 ="'#' 6'B5 $, "' ' S$5 "( =(&6'#' ' 6'5 =(5"E8 3"98».
75
R(=(3$ ! "$ 3= #'8 9&E ( ' (" N '#' M 6' 6'="'#' 5 " $ 5 5$ $ M( = 3"', $ (=( " ! 8'5 S(=(& 4'# S(5 B 4 , 6(="((, ? '4'# S(5 B ='56( 8(M3 =$&8E E8 (B&$M(8 '3 5(=("! 8 "(?'8 !9"("! 8 5 $=E8 5'43$ '8, ' '=EB 65 =(S$( S $ (49 54 S$B"'B ' 'B "$ =$&3" S"'8 &$ = #4(" b=$&E. O' 5 :'#'49 - 6 ' =(?4(" 54'6$ «6 ='S(8», ' '='( 9649( 59 569& Z[ 8 &6("'8 '4! ' 6 #=$88$ S(5 '8 58E54(, V' 9 &'?=$M$( 4'# S(5 Z 569&!; 54'6' «5'43$ E» 3$( '(- $ 'B '6'3 349 =' 6' '5 $64(" 9 54'6 «8 ="E(», (36$ '4! ' ? $b'=5 B 8'5 «6 ='S(8» 5'6(=W 4 56'( 6'4W(?"'( 3(B5 6 (, N 3'?='3 W"E( 6'9 , ' $S 6$95! =$5 (6$9, 5'B3 5' 5A("E, $ 8E M( 6 3(4 "( =$&. <'#3$ j S '6 = (&M$( "$ 6(S(= " # ?(="$ '= , 54 S$B"'( '8 "$" ( ' #'5 '3$V 6 S(="EV b=$ $V, 5" Z[ V = '54( (4!"'8 56( ( 6' = # "$ 3=(""EV 3$8, 6(3( 9 '?E "(6 ""'8 5=$6"(" Z V 5 ='(8 8 V, 6 54(3 Z[ B M( 8 # &$='M3$( 59 "'6$9 M &"!. «j(="E( b=$ 8(4! $4 "'5 4 5! 6='&"! S$8 $8 $8, $ "'59 59 8 V "$ ?(4'8 5 9Z[(8 =$b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». 7$3' &$8( !, S ' (54 '?=$& "E4'B '#'3E 4Z5 !9"("! '#' 5'43$ $ '"S$( 59 #3(- ' 6 E4!"'B = #'='3"'B 3$4 ( $8 A$= fV'6(= '6), ' 5=$6"(" ( 5 8 V$8 , $='3 = Z[(( 6( 6 5 E( $=$44(4 :'8(=$, ' 5E6$( &$8 " EB = #, '54( 54'M"'#', ' $5"'#' 5$4! ' ?(& 4'"M , ' '='B '4!& Z 59 3= # ( 5$ (4 -$ ='?$ E, :'#'4! 8 3=9( 59 6E6(=" ! 5V'3"'8 «6='&"! S$8 ». 7(5 '4! ' 4( "$&$3 "$ =(#? B"'8 8$ S( 6 ;"#4 9 6 3(4, $ 6(4 '4( "EB %?'4("5 B "$ ?(# ' ? 4 89S "'#'B , M( (=(3 -
76
8$6, 6 ?='5 ( 'B8$4 (#' = $8 ... 7(S ' '3'?"'( ' 8$5 (=5 6 3(8'"5 = = ( &3(5! 7 '4$B >$5 4!(6 S.
<...> :='8 B 5'?$S B 4$B, 65 =( 6W B j S '6$, '3c(&M$4 3'8 #'5 'M <'='?'S , 'M( "( ( 3$='8.
'#3$ '" =' $3$-
«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». D 4$B 5'?$'='M3$( A(= '6"'#' V'= 5 $. > 3= #'8 ' =E6 ( (#3( j S '6 = (&M$( C'?$ (6 S ) 8 &E $" ='M3$( 59 = '8'[ = (8$ '54'M"((, "$ '8 "$Z[(#' 5=$6"(" ( $58 ="'#' "(?$ 5 !9"("! 8 5'43$ '8. «R'3c(&M$9 =E4!A , &$8( 4 '" 6E#49" 6W ( & ' "$ 'S 6 '3"' 6=(89 36$ 4 A$: M("5 '(, 6 S( A(, &'(, 34 ""'(, $ '# =(A, 8 M5 '(, = #4'(, W =' '(, $ 8'43$6$"5 ( E 6E, "$&E6$(8E( #'=49" $8 , & ' '=EV 3(4$Z "$ X 5 ?$4$4$B , 36 V5 = ""E( 4(#( ?$4$4$B , =$5 ' (V V6$ 4 6'#' 36$3A$ 4( "(#' $="9, 8 #$S$ [(#'49, '38 # 6$Z[(#' '56 5 E6$Z[(#' "$ ?(4'#= 3EV ?(4'W(B"EV 3(6 A, 5'?=$6W V59 '54 W$ ! (#' V'5 = ""'#' =("! $"!9». C4'M"EB 8$"(6=, ' '=EB 6E '4"9( N $ b=$&$ 349 '#', S '?E & =( 'B #'4'6E C'?$ (6 S$ 6EW(4 3(=(6("5 B 8 &E $" , 8(( = 5 $3 : 5=$6"(" ( #'4'6E
77
5 '5'?'B =$&"'6 3"'5 !Z E 6E, =(6=$[(" ( N 'B E 6E 6 '5'?EB 6 3 ?$4$4$B , "$ '"(A, 6= S(" ( N 'B ?$4$4$B 3(=(6("5 '8 8'4'3A , ' '=EB, 5 39 "$ ?=(6"( 5 =(5 6 "'# (6 "'6("! V 5$ '#$V), = " 8$( 59 V'"! ' "$ "(B "$ #=E6$ !, '?4( 4(""EB =(36(S(="(B 8'W $='B 3(=(6("5 8 3(6 W $8 . R= 8(S$(4!"', S ' 4 = S(5 '( ' 5 4(" ( 6E&6$"' '964(" (8 - "$ 6ǭ "(6" 8$ (4!"'#' S $ (49 - 5$8'#' S ' " "$ (5 ! ='&$ S(5 '#' '#' (=5'"$M$ " # . R'='M3(""EB 5=$6"(" (8 V$=$ (= '='Z $ '=' 59 65 ! 6 M &"!, S ' 8( $b'=$ &$6(=W$( 59 'S$='6$(4!"'B "$ E[(""'5 !Z. «f ' $Z[ B, #'6'=9 , V6$ $( 59 &$ 8$4("! Z [( , "(#' "( 6 N ' 6=(89 =$55 3 $ '3 8$ !, S ' "$ [( ( 8'M( =$&6( =' $!59 6(=V'8 8 V$, $ 6 "(8 6(5 S ! "( S( E=( 3$, (54 3$M( "( A(4EV 9 !». < ' N ' &4'5S$5 "EB $4![ , ' '=EB 5 $&'S"' =$5 ( , = ?$649( 6 6(5(, S"(( ' M &"(""'B 5 4E 8( $b'=E? \E " '#3$ N '#' "( &"$(8, "' (8 'S 3$4'5! 5 ! "$ 6(=3 Z &(84Z. a (=5'"$M 6 '='#' 4$"$ 6(=M3$Z 56'( 5 [(5 6'6$" ( "'#3$ ='5 (BW 8 5 '5'?'8: 5 '4!& 9 8$"(= $6 '=$ '3S(= 6$ ! ' 4 "'( '?5 '9 (4!5 6' 4 54'6 ( 44Z5 = ='6$ ! V $ 'B-" ? 3! ?='5 'B 3($4!Z. <$= "$ "$S "$( M ! 5'?5 6(""'B M &"!Z 6='3( '#' V8E49Z[(#'59 W$=8$"[ $, ' '='#' V 3'M" 6 =$55 $&( :. fN445$ «R'= =( » E $459 &$8$&$ ! &(4("'B =$5 'B, '#3$ '= =( 'M 4 6EW(4 & '6 "'6(" 9. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, "$ = 8(=, "$ '"(A 5(3!8'B #4$6E, #3( $6 '= V' (4 (=(3$ ! '[ [(" ( "'S , "$5 $Z[(B 6 8 ="'8 ='6 "A $4!"'8 #'='3 (. j S '6, 5 (W"' &$ '"S 6 56' = &=$S"E( 53(4 5 '8([ $8 #'5 6W 5! #'='35 'B &"$ , '3 V8(4! '8 4'M 59 5 $ !; S(= (#' 4$ (B =$3 'B ' =$649Z 59 " !, $ ' '8, 5 ' E $95!, 6'&6=$[$Z 59 6 #'5 " A , &$?' 4 6' '33(=M 6$9 3= # 3= #$, 65 '=( 8 ="' &$5E $Z , « '3"96W V=$ "(54EV$""'B # 5 ' E, "$ ' '=EB ?$= " & 3= #'B '8"$ E ' 6(S$4 '" 8 "'5'6E8 56 5 '8. C '=' 654(3 &$ " 8 65( #'8'" 4 5!, #'5 " A$ '?c94$5! "( ='? 3"E8 5"'8; '4! ' 6 '3"'8 ' 'W(S ( 6 3(" ?E4 ([( 56( , #3( M 4 $ 'B- ' = (V$6W B & X9&$" '= S , ?'4!W'B, '-
78
6 3 8'8 , 'V' " 3' 5$ '#'6, ' '8 S ' &$ $&$4 M( S( E=( $=E ?(5 =(5 $""' = 8(= 6$4 9 Z. 7(5 '4! ' =$& '3V'3 4 '" '5 (4 , 5 (8 S '?E V 5 " ! 4(S!, "' " $ "( 8'#: 5$ '# , 'S"', ?E4 V'='W' 5W E, 3'4#' ([( '3" 8$4 '" "'# '?58$ = 6$4 ?'B ' "$ 3 6' 5 $S$""EB $?4 ». a 8 '"S$( 59 #4$6$, "' ' 5(B 3("! '= S 8(= 56'B ?(558(= "EB 5$ '#, 'M$ ?4(5 , 56(S ='6"' 9= ' #'=9 6 '3 "' '8 56( 4'8 ' "( 8(= 6'#' #'='3 $, "$ =E '#' &6(&3"E8 "'S"E8 "(?'8. d "( &"$Z ?'4(( 4 = S(5 '#' ' 5$" 9 "'S"'B W "E, S(8 N $ 5$ 'M"$9 =$ 5'3 9. D$ '#' M( ='3$ 5 '" $""'( &$='M3(" ( M &" =' 5V'3 6 3(59 'B #4$6(, #3( $6 '= V'S( 5 '5'?(""'B 5 4'B &'?=$& ! ?='M(" (, ' '='( '3"94'5! 6' 65(B ='6 "A , '#3$ ' "(B =$&'W4 5! 54 V ' ' ( 8(= 6EV 3 W. R'8([ , #'3$8 3=(8$6W ( 6 56' V #4$V, $ 5 = , 63= # &$8'=#$4 6E '4&4 "$ 56( Y'M B: «R' $&$459 $ 'B- ' CE5'B R$b" !(6 S \$ 3'"$4!3 <$=4'6 S (=(3 '5 "'(, S '?E "( 5 $&$ ! ?'4!W(, 89, "' "('?V'3 8'( , S '?E '3S(= " ! =$B"ZZ ' =(W(""'5 ! ' M &" , 54(3'6$ (4!"', ==($4!"'5 ! N '#' (=5'"$M$, 5'" 6' 5"(, $ 5 $&$ !), ' ' '=EV "( 54EW"' ?E4' " '#3$; 6 #'5 "EV &$ '=S$4 $'B- ' 34 ""EB, 34 ""EB, 5 ='5 =(4(""'Z = 'Z, $'#' 6E5' '#' ='5 $, $ '#' 3$M( "( 6 3$"' ?E4'». > 'B M( #4$6( '54( ='5 =$""'#' '?c95"(" 9, 'S(8 '" "( M(4$( "$&E6$ ! " $ V 8(": «<$ '( " = 3 8$B 89, M "( =(8(""' "$B3( 59 6 $ '8-" ? 3! #4 "$W(#' #'5 3$=5 6$, ?4$#' 6(4 ', '-" ? 3!, "'59[ B (#', "( =(8(""' =$55(=3 59 "( "$ M 6' , $ "$ 58(= !, 5 $"( #'6'= !, S ' $6 '= "$='S"' = (&M$4 5( =( "', 5 (8 S '?E 6E6(3$ ! 65(...», - :'#'4! 65( M( "( 58'# '8(W$ ! 36 8 =$&#'6'=S 6E8 3$8$8, ' '=E( 5 4( " S$Z ' $B"( j S '6$, =$5 =E ! 56' 8("$, 54'6"' (=5'"$M 3(B5 6 (4!"' 6EW4 &- '3 (#' 64$5 6E?$4 E6$Z ', S ' '" E $459 5 =E !. <5 $ 5 $&$ !, '3 " & ' =E6 '6, 6 ' '='8 N Nb ="E( 5'&3$" 9 '' '8 " &6(=#$Z 59 "$ 5 =$" A ( 4 M( 5$M 6$Z 59 6(=V'8 "$ (=' :'#'49, $ 6(3!8E "$ '8(4'), "$ '8 "$( , "(58' =9 "$ "( Z &$?$6" Z 5 $='8'3"'5 !, " '"$A Z 5 4 5 3M'B5'65 '#' «f4 55$» (V' 9 M(
79
C (=" '4!&'6$459 = (8'8 4$ '" S"'#' 6' ='5$ 5 '9 (4!"'#' ' 6( $).
'?-
«:(='B, '3"$ ' M(, 5'65(8 N '#' "( &$8(S$4 ( ' (5 ! S ' "$5 S 4 8'4'3'B 3$8( "$ ?$4 56'(B "$& 3$ (4!"'B ?'4 '6"(B), =$55 $&E6$9 8"'M(5 6' = 9 "EV 6([(B, ' '=E( M( 54 S$4'5! (8 =' &"'5 ! 6 '3'?"EV 54 S$9V 6 =$&"EV 8(5 $V: 8(""' 6 C 8? =5 'B # ?(=" C'b='"$ 26$"'6 S$ Y(5 (S"'#', #3( ?E4 '#3$ 3'S! (#' ;3(4$ 3$ C'b='"'6"$ 5 =(89 &'4'6 $8 : \$=!(B :$6= 4'6"'B, ;4( 5$"3='B :$6= 4'6"'B ;3(4!#(B3'B :$6= 4'6"'B; O(3'=$ O(3'='6 S$ R(=(='(6$ 6 X9&$"5 'B # ?(=" ; O='4$ >$5 4!(6 S$ R'?(3'"'5"'#' 6 R("&("5 'B # ?(=" ?=$ $ (#' R( =$ >$5 4!(6 S$, #3( ?E4 56'9S(" A$ (#' <$ (= "$ \ V$B4'6"$ 6" S$ "E( 5(5 =E (( X'&$ O(3'='6"$ a8 4 9 O(3'='6"$; 6 >9 5 'B # ?(=" R( =$ >$=5'"'b!(6 S$, #3( ?E4$ 5(5 =$ "(6(5 (#' R(4$#(9 g#'='6"$ 5 4(89"" A(B C'b!(B X'5 54$6"'B 36 89 56'3"E8 5(5 =$8 - C'b (B ;4( 5$"3='6"'B \$ 4$ ='B ;4( 5$"3='6"'B». 7( ' '=E( & N V 8(" ' 3$Z S(8- ' S M(&(8"E8 (6 3$""'8 54 S$( "(8(A 8), S ' :'#'4!, $ =$6 4', 5 '4!& ( , S '?E (=(3$ ! ' 3$4(""'5 ! &= (4!"'( 5 $M(" ( '?c( $, "$V'39[(#'59 54'6"' 6 8$"(; = S 34 6E( 8("$-# ?= 3E 4 A ?(5b'=8(""E8 4 ([( "( 5b'=8 ='6$6W 859 4Z398; (54 '8([ Y(5 (S"EB '8([ R'?(3'"'5"EB - 54(# $ « !9"E(» b$8 4 , '54(3"(( 89 6 (=(S"( - M( 6(=V 'W8$="'B ?(558E54 AE "$ '8 "$( '#' = 55 '#' W' 4$"3A$, ' '=E8 8E 6'5V [$4 5! =$"((. 7( '"9 "', $ 'B "$3' 8( ! 5 4$3 8$, S '?E 6 3( ! 6 :'#'4( =(3W(5 6("" $ «"$ =$4!"'B W '4E» =($4 5 S(5 '#' M 6' 5$" 9 = 55 'B M &" . > N V "$ 8("'6$ (4!"EV '=# 9V S$5 6 Z "( '4! ' 4Z3 , "' 6([ . %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ 4$5 '6E( ='&6 [$, ' '=E( S "'6" #'='3$ 3$Z #=$4!"E8 $=$8. j(=6 - N ' «5(=3A$», "' &6 S$ $ S(=69 , = 4 "#6 5 S(5 'B 5 4'""'5 = 55 V 6E 9# 6$ ! 54'6' 3' =(3(4$ =$3 N8'A '"$4!"'#' Nbb( $, 5 $"'69 59 «S(=6' 'S "'B». R =(6=$[$Z 59 6 ("A Z, '?=($9 #='6'( ' '"S$" ( & V'""'B 4$ E" , 4 M( 6 5(63'#=(S(5 '( ("3=$5E, S =E (5 4(# 8 '=" '-
80
4'# S(5 8 ' (" '8), $ "'#3$ 6E=$5 $Z 3' S = [ V$ (#3( A$ =(6=$[$( 59 M( 6 3' ' ' "'#' 9[(=$, ' =' 3E6$9 N6'4ZA Z 6 3'6). R=(3(4!"$9 6 4!#$="'5 ! $6 '8$ &8 N V ='34 6EV ='&6 [, ?'4!W "5 6' & ' '=EV :'#'4! = 3 8$4 5$8, - =( =$5"EB 5 '5'? ' $&$ ! 85 6(""EB ='6("! (V, ' 8 '4!& ( 59.
*** X$&" A 8(M3 S(4'6(S(5 8 &=(" (8 (8, S ' 6 3 b$5( 'S"EB #4$& "$5( '8'#', 8'M"' 5=$6" ! 5 =$&" A(B 8(M3 '4 '"'6E8 4 W(, 53(4$""E8 "$ '"S$BW(8 =$5 =(, (8 M( &'?=$M(" (8, 6E '4"(""E8 "$ 5$8'B #= ?'B 5( (, ' '='B '4!& Z 59 349 #$&( "EV =( ='3 A B. D$ M( ' "'5 59 &=(" ( :'#'49 &=(" Z 5=(3" V S $ (4(B 5=(3" V 5$ (4(B. i' '964(" 9 (#' R W "$ = 55 $9 4 (=$ =$ ?E4$ '354( '6$ 'B. O'=8E, ' '=E( '"$ &$8(S$4$, ?E4 4 W! 'S(= $" 98 , '35 $&$""E8 =$55 3 '8; A6( $ $ $ '6'#' '"$ "( 6 3(4$ 4 W! '4!&'6$4$5! 5 (= E8 '8? "$A 98 54( A'6-5 [(5 6 (4!"EV '-5'?$S! =(3$""EV 8 N ( '6, ' '=E( g6=' $ "$54(3'6$4$ ' 3=(6" V. 7(?' ?E4' #'4 ?E8, &$=9 $4'B, 4 5 6$ &(4("'B, #4$&$ =$5$6 A S(="E8 , S 5(=E8 .3. D'4! ' :'#'4! ($ &$ " 8 @(=8'" '6 D'45 'B) 6 3(4 M(4 EB 4 4'6EB A6( $. D', S ' "(?' "$ 6'5V'3( 5'4"A$ 8'M( ?E ! ?4(3"'-&(4("E8, 5"(# 6 ?(&'?4$S"EB 3("! # 5 '-5 " 8, ='&6 S$4' ?E ?(558E54(""'B (=(5!Z 6 W$V $ "$&E6$(8'#' 5$ (49-« 4$55 $», = 6E W(#' "( &8(""'B, '?[( = "9 'B A6( '6'B #$88( b=$"A &5 'B 4 (=$ =E 18 6. R' $&$ (4(8 '#', $ =$&6 6$4'5! "$ =' 9M(" 6( '6 5 55 6' ' 5$" 9, 8'# '54 M ! (=(8("E, ' '=E( =( (= (4' V 3'M(5 6(""'( &=(" (; b$5( 'S"EB #4$& 5 $"'6 59 (3 "E8, "('?ES$B"' 54'M"E8 '=#$"'8, $ 8(= 6E(, 5 4E( « = "9 E( =$5 » ( $ ?E «6='M3(""E( 3( ») '5 ( (""' 6E3(49Z '" ( ' (" 5'&3$Z "'6E( S 3(5$ &'?=$M(" 9. C'8"(6$Z5!, S '?E $ 'B-" ? 3! 5$ (4!, (8 ?'4(( 6 X'55 , =$"!W( &$8(S$4 $ '( 3 6 (4!"'( 964(" (, $ 3='M$[ B &'= 56( $ (" "$ &(84( '3 3(=(6!98 4
81
A6( '6E( W$4'5 5'4"A$ "$ 4 5 6(. % 5$" ( 5$3$ R4ZW "$ '=$& 4' = 55 V S $ (4(B 'S $ M(, $ \$"( - 5$ EV 8(W$" 56'(B N 'V . «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e8(4!, #4 W 6W B 6" & 5 E ? & "E, =9? "E 4(5"'#' '=(W" $ ='?(M$6W B ' '8 ' 6(=V W ( 65(#' S$5 ' '4$, 6&?(#$4 "$ '"(A 66(=V '?6 6$4 3' '4'6 "E 54'84("" Z ?(=(& . i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f "EV & " V ' 3(=" E( "( 6 '4"( ' 3(4(""E( 6( 6 6 5(4 6" & 68(5 ( 5 55'VW 8 4 5 !98 . C4'6'8, 65( ?E4' V'='W', $ "( 6E3 8$ ! " = ='3(, " 5 55 6 , "' $ ?E6$( '4!' '#3$, '#3$ '" 5'(3 "9 59 68(5 (, '#3$ ' "$#='-
82
8'M3(""'8 , S$5 ' ?(& '4 , = 3 S(4'6( $ ='B3( ' '"S$ (4!"E8 =(&A'8 56' 8 = ='3$, '?4(#S 9M(4E( 8$55E, " S 'M #= ?'-'[ (4!" Z =$6 4!"'5 ! " [("5 ( ='=(V , 5 6'&! ' '=E( ='#493E6$( "(5 =E EB, "$#'B 4$", 3$5 S 3" Z ( 4' 65(8 , S ' 5'&3$4'5! 6 V4$3( =$&8(=(""'B S 5 ' E ' =9 "'5 ».
*** X$&4 S"E( $ = ? E (=5'"$M(B '8'#$Z 8 = #''?=$&"' =$5 ='5 =$" !59 6 5$8E( 3$4!" ( =(3(4E " # . ; =$ j S '6$ '?" 8$( (#' 3'='M" Z W $ 4 $?$ (= , «5(=(?=9" Z 5 b " b !Z $?$ (= », ' '= Z '" [(3=' 65(8 =(34$#$( ; "$ 3"( (( 8'M"' 6 3( ! "(5 '4! ' b $4' , &$?' 4 6' '4'M(""EV 3$ 349 ' 3 W ($ ='8 ' 6'5 =(5("!98 '" "$ =$( '3( '4'"'8 56'( "(3'S(4'6(S(5 '( 8$4' = 5 'B"'( (4', ?(4'( M ="'(, $ # 5(" AE 3=(6' 'SA$, - 'M( ' 3 W $, 'W"' 6'="$9 54$3 $9, & (#' '" =$?$"3 5 5 '#' ='W4'#'), ?' j S '6 - b$4!W 6 $, = &=$ , = =EEB 8" 8' 6 5 'B ' = #4'5 !Z 4' , ' '=EB E$( 59 &$#4 W ! &4'6'" ( $3$ ('"' 3$ 5 =$W"((, S(8 «'5'?(""EB 6'&3 V» (#' #=Z8'#' 4$ (9) $='8$ $8 , 4$5 $Z[ 8 '?'"9" ( M (4(B 'W8$="'#' #'='3$ NN. 2 3'='M"$9 W $ 4 $: «;6 '= 6(=(", S ' (5 ! S $ (4 $ ( 4Z?' E "E(, ' '=E( 'M(4$Z 3$M( &"$ ! 4$" 6" =(""(( =$5 '4'M(" ( W $ 4 . R'M$4 B, 'S(8 M( "( 3'64( 6'= !! >' '"', 6" =(""(( =$5 '4'M(" (...» 2, "( =(3 =(3 6 S $ (49, :'#'4! ' 5E6$( 6'65( "( 6" =(""'5 ! W $ 4 , $ = # $3$ 'S" Z 8'3(4! ' = #4'B S S '65 'B 3 W (6" =(""'5 j S '6$ =$&" 8$Z 59 '3 9= 'B 4$8 'B 6 6 5( '=$): «...> 5$8'B 5=(3 "( 8E4!" A$ (j S '6 - 8E4!"EB &E=!, [(""EB S(= '8), &$ 8E4!" A(Z W(5 !-5(8! &("! V (=(#'='3' 349 ?= 6 ( V4E( [( j S '6$, N '#' 8" 8'#' V(= 6 8$, 65(#3$ ?E4 #4$3 8 , $ $ 4$5); ' '8 6$3=$ "E( &$ ' 4 349 (5'S" AE S(=" 4!" AE 5 6E3'4?4(""'Z 8(M3 " 8 4'3'S 'B 349 (=!(6, 5 =# S(B 65(#', S ' '34 ""(( ( 5S ( = -
83
"$34(M"'5 349 5'? =$" 9 8(= 6EV 3 W); ' '8 659 ( (=(#'='3 5 =EW(S $8 ?(& =EW(S( 349 '#', S ' ' '='S(, "$ '4"(""E( ? 4( $8 6 & "E8 , 'V'='""E8 , ($ =$4!"E8 3= # 8 , ' '=E( 5 4$3E6$4 5! "$ $89 ! (56( 5 ( 'V'M3(" 9 j S '6$). >(5! 6(=V" B 9[ 5' 65(8 (=(#'='3 $8 6E" 8$459, '3 " 8 "$V'3 4'5! ='5 =$"5 6', &$"9 '( $8 ? 8$# 6 4 5 ($ ? 8$#$ - #4$6"'( 5=(35 6' '?[(" 9 S(= $), ''8 54(3'6$4 8$4("! B ' $(""EB 9[ 349 3("(#, 6E36 #$6W B59 "(&$8( "' 5?' W $ 4 (5(=3A( j S '6$). %" 65(#3$ $ '5 (W"' 6E36 #$459 &$36 #$459 6 M( 8 " V'&9 "'8 (5 5 '4$-3 $5 '4$), S ' "$6(="' "(4!&9 5 $&$ !, 5 '4! ' ?E4' $8 3("(# ($6 '= 5$8 N '#' "( &"$( )». ;"3=(B Y(4EB, ='54(M 6$9 '3" & (V 5 =$""EV '35'&"$ (4!"EV (6'3"EV " (B, ' '=E( 8'M"' '?"$= M ! '4! ' 6 =' &6(3(" 9V '34 ""EV #(" (6, &$8( 4, S ' N $ W $ 4 $ ?E4$ M("'B j S '6$ (6 5 ["'5 , 8 ' (" $, '3'?"' 65(8 "(3'S(4'6( $8 :'#'49) 6 $ 'B M( 8(=(, 6 $ 'B W "(4! ?E4$ 4Z?'6" A(B ; $9 ; $ (6 S$ 4 '4' '4!"9 l '"! - (#' ([(B. ^$8( ! (, S ' 89 (3 "5 6(""'B '8([ AE 6 " #( #'5 'M$ <'='?'S $ (65 '8" 8 5 =$5 "'( 6'5 4 A$" ( :$= $#'"$ «Ma cassette!» [\'9 W $ 4'S $! (b=$"A.)] 6 «C '8» \'4!(=$), $ 4!8 "$A '""EB = (&3 <'='?'S 6 #'='3 ' 5$" $ , S ' "(6'4!"' 65 '8 "$( 59 65 =E ( S S '65 'B 3 W . R= N '8, S '?E '"9 ! N ' =E6 , 4 SW( "$S 5 ' &$?E ! ' 659 'B b=(B3 5 5 'B (= "3(, ' '=$9 8'M( ?E ! "$6(9"$ 54 S$B"E8 '8 "$" 98 ;"3=(9 Y(4'#' ' 5 = M(5 V 569&9V. %" 4Z? 4 ' &3(6$ !59 "$3 "$3 E8 5 V'$"$4 $8 . > "$S$4( = 6(3(""'#' " M( = 8(S$ (4!"'#' ' 5$" 9 (?E ! 8'M( , 5$8'#' #(" $4!"'#' 6 'N8() 8E &$8(S$(8, S ' 55E4 $ "$ "'S! 5'&3$( V$=$ (= 6 '='#' 4$"$, '3'?"EB 4Z? (4Z 5$ '#: «7' 6 ='3'4M(" ( '#', $ '" (j S '6) 5 3(4 6 M(5 V 56' V =(54$V, =(6'M 8EB 8E5498 ?(55'"" A(B, #'[$9 5(=3"' 7'&3=(6$ ( ' '=EB (=6E8 58 4 ' 'B 8(5 "EV M (4(B, =$&?'4 $6 ' 5 =$""'8 =(3 = 9 j S '6$) 65Z ='3"Z (#' («b$8 4!"'( 3=(6'»,
84
' '='( 6'4!"' =' &=$5 $( & "$W(#' ' (S(5 6(""'#' = #$ (4!5 6$), (=(3 " 8 ( 4 4$5! 5$4!"$9 56(S $, ' '='B 56( 4!"9 3$6"' M( "$ =E4$5! "$#'=(6W(Z S(="'Z W$ 'Z, (M(8 " "' #='&9 '#$5" !, #493(4$ (8 6 ' "$ 54( $9, (8"$9 "'S!, #' '6$9 '5 "( ! ' = ?4 M$6W(#'59 =$556( $, (=(56 5 E6$4 5! 63$4 ' 3$4(""E( ( V (&$8( 8 '6 '= «3$4 » 3 '( « (=(56 5 E6$4 5!», 6(3! j S '6, &$5E $9, 'M( 56 5 (4 "'5'8: 8 = 5=$& 5 $"'6 59 5 =$""E8, =$&8E E8, V=$ 54 6$( 59 5 36$M3E ' 3$4(""E8 = '8 ( V'6, 659 b=$&$ '=S 59, ='M$9 5(63'S(4'6(S(5 '( 5 [(5 6'), 6 5'6(=W(""' &$5" 6W(8 #'='3(, 8'M( ?E !, 4(4$5! #3(-" ? 3! b= &'6$9 W "(4!, #'=(8E $ "( &6(5 "' $ '#' 4$55$ S "$, &"$Z[$9 '3" '4! ' ( 6E!) 54 W '8 =' (= Z = 55 8 &$? ?w""E8 "$='3'8 3'='# (W "(4! &$V6$ 4$ 8(5 ' S(4'6( $!), - 6 N ' 6=(89 "$ 3= #'8 '"A( #'='3$...» ^$3(=M 859 "$ 8 #, S '?E '4Z?'6$ !59 "$ N '#' ='V'M(#' 5 5 " 8 [( " 5 E8 '3?'='3 '8 =$5"E8 "'5'8 - 3' S(#' "( 'V'M '" 6 #'=(8ES"'8 56'(8 '4'M(" ( $ 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[(8 =(6'#( j S '6$) "$ 5 =$5 "'#' 8(S $ (49, 5 6'5 '=#'8 6& =$Z[(#' "$ 5$ '#, '#3$ j S '6 &$5E $4 54$3 8 5"'8. :'#'4! ='3'4M$( : «..."$ 3= #'8 '"A( #'='3$ =' 5V'3 4' 5'?E (, ' '='( #' '6 4'5! 6(4 S ! "( = 9 "'5 ! '4'M(" 9 "$W(#' #(='9. 28(""', 6 ' 3$4(""EV 4 A$V &$ ' 4 $V #'='3$ 3=(?(&M$4 6(5!8$ 5 =$""EB N $M, "$6'3 6W B "(3' 8(" ( "$5S( 56'(#' "$&6$" 9. %" "( ?E4 'V'M " "$ $=$" $5, " "$ '495 , " "$ ?= S , $ ?E4 5 '=(( 'V'M "$ '45 '[( B 6E 4EB $=? &, '5 $64(""EB "$ '4(5$ ( "$8(S$( 59 '" $9 $=$44(4! 5 ' 5$" (8 = #4'B W $ 4 j S '6$). }( N '#' $=? &$, ' (5 ! 36(=AE, "'5 6W ( 54(3E M(4 'B =$5 , &$6'=94 5! 'S("! 4'V' ' = S "( 4'V'#' 5'5 '9" 9 = S( &$8 '6, '(- $ 569&$""EV 6(=(6 $8 . ;=? & ?E4 "$ '4"(" 5 A(6E8 '3 W $8 6 6 3( 5( '6, 6$4 '6 ='5 ' '3 W( , "$ S $" 8(W $8 5 V4(?$8 , $4$S$8 , ' = $8 , 5 '='3 8 $8 =("3(498 & &$6$="'#' (5 $. R ='#- =" ='#-=$55'4!" 6E#493E6$4 3$M( "$6(=V. ^$ 9 ?E4 &$"9 E 4 A'8 4$ (B5 '#' =' 5V'M3("!9, 6 = ( & 3'8$W"(B (5 -
85
= W , 5 "(?= 'B ?'='3'Z, '3(=" 'Z 4(# 'B ='5(3!Z, - 4 A', &6(5 "'( '3 8("(8 «8$4'#'» (V' 9 (8 8'#4' ?E ! ?'4(( 9 3(59 ). l 8 6 &# ' M(4(&"EV 5 '?' =M$6EV 6 " '6 =$&? 3 4 "$ 3= #'8 '"A( #'='3$ ? 3'S" $ ( 6 5$8'B ' 8(""'B #'#'4(65 'B 8$"(=( ='M3$( 59 ([( '3 " (=5'"$M!), ' '=EB, '3"96 56'Z $4(?$=3 , &$ = S$4 5 ='5'"!9 S ' 5 $4' 8'S : «< ' 3( ?» - "', 6 3(6, S ' " ' "( W(4, $ 54EW$4'5! '4! ' &3$4 3=(?(&M$"!( ( = 5" 6W B59 $=? & 6c(V$4 6 = 5" 6W B59 #'='3), 'B8$4 5(?9 "$ 6'=' " ( $ '#'- ' &6(=9 , '3'W(3 b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a $M 6c(V$4 6 (5"EB 36'=, &$6$4(""EB 3='6$8 , =9 " $8 659 8 4( V$8 ; & N $M$ 6E4(&4$ ?$=E"9: N $ ?$=E"9 ?E4$ '8([ A$, '44(M5 $9 5( =( $=W$ <'='?'S $». :'5 'M$ <'='?'S $ $ M( 'V'M$ "$ ^'4 W , $ R$6(4 26$"'6 S j S '6 "$ R 6 $. ;=? &, & ' '='#' '"$ '9649( 59, 6=93 4 ='35 6("" 5 $&'S"'B E 6E. %" =(6=$[$( 59 6 ?= S $ =$& (=(3 '964(" (8 '8([ AE, ?E ! 8'M( , ' 'B M( = S "(, ' $ 'B $=( $"!( ( V$ - 6 "'5'6'B 56 5 . \'M"' =(3 '4'M !, S ' = (&3 (( = 6 3(459 j S '6 6' 5"( ( '#3$
86
'" 6&3=(8" 4 6 56' V M(5 V =(54$V). %3"$ ' <'='?'S $ "$ 5$8'8 3(4( = (&M$( 6 #'='3, "' 6"(W"'5 ! (( '4E8$# S !-S ! 5 $M("$ 5"'8 (65( 5"E j S '6$ '='M3("E $89 !Z ' 5( =( "EV 9[ S $V (#' W $4 ), (54 '"$ ' $&E6$( 59 ?= S 'B, ' ' '8 4 W!, S ' 5$8 j S '6 = (V$4 "$ ?= S (. 7' "( #'6'=9 M '? N '8 =(6=$[(" , '4E8$#$ = #4$9 ' '8 , S ' V4EB j S '6 5$8 = #4EB $ W$=, 65( (#' 5"E 6=$[$Z 59 6' = # "( '36 M"'#' A(" =$; N $M <'='?'S - N ' (#' ' = #4EB 3'='M"EB ?$ 4. >"(W"'5 ! 6" =(""(( 5 ='B5 6' '495 ' 5$"E 5 'B M( 3!96'4!5 'B 3' 'W"'5 !Z, S ' 6" =(""'5 W $ 4 . >E 9" E( 6 34 " '3 W - N ' «34 ""E( ' 3(4(" 9» 6 9[ S (; 65(6'&8'M"E( (S("!9 5'' 6( 5 6 Z 4(# '8E54(""E8 5 6(" =$8, ' '=E( V=$" R$6(4 26$"'6 S; ? 8$# 349 &$ 5 = '?=( (""EV 8(= 6EV 3 W M '6$ ' 5 86'4 & = ( =( '5 "'B 6 (5 = W (, $ ' $B"'( ' 3(4(" ( W $ 4 , ' (5 ! 5(=3A( j S '6$, - 5$8$ <'='?'S $.
*** :'6'=9 ' ='M3(""EV ' $55'A $A (=5'"$M$V, 9 ' 8(4 ' 4 = S(5 B '=E6, ' '=EB 5' ='6'M3$( '964(" ( W =' 'B b4(#8$ S"'B b & '"'8 C'?$ (6 S$ & "((, $ & #='8$3"'#' ?(&'?=$&"'#' ' '"$, 6E4( $( 9= B "(M"EB 8' E4( . <$ " 5 =$""', C'?$ (6 S, "(58' =9 "$ 56'Z '4[ " b4(#8 , 5$8EB 'N S"EB (=5'"$M 6 " #(, N ' =(? ( "( ' '='#' '95"(" 9. R=(M3( 65(#' 6' N8?4(8E $ = ? E (#' 4 S"'5 ('" ' $&$"E S(=(& (#' '?5 $"'6 ): «C$395!, j S '6 61" 4 "$ 5 ("E "$ 6 5(6W ( "$ " V $= "E. 7$ $= "$V 65w ?E4 8'4'3AE, 65w #=(S(5 ( '4 '6'3AE, #=$6 ='6$""E( 6' 6(5! ='5 : \$6=' '=3$ ' 6 =$5"EV $" $4'"$V 8 "3 =(, 5 'S $8 "$ "'5 , \ $ 4 , <$"$= . >5( N #(=' ?E4 5 $ 8 '45 E8 49M $8 "(54EV$""E8 5$8 , S ' 3='M! ='V'3 4$ ' (4 . \(M3 =( 8 #=( $8 , "( &6(5 "' $ 8 '?=$&'8 349 S(#', '8(5 459 Y$#=$ '", '[ B, V 3("! B, 5 8$4("! 8 &"$8("$8 W $8 6" & 6 5$8EV &("! V =$8 $V. R' '8 ' 9 ! 54(3'6$4$ #(=' "9 #=(S(-
87
5 $9 Y'?(4 "$, ' '='B '3"$ "'#$ $&$4$5! ?'4!W( 65(#' 4'6 [$ (V [(#'4(B, ' '=E( "$ '4"9Z "E"(W" ( #'5 "E(. e'&9 ", ? 3 S 5$8 S(4'6( &3'='6EB =( B, $&$4'5!, V' (4, S '?E '8"$ (#' =$W$4 'M( 4Z3 =( ( &3'='6E(». 7' '4! ' 4 6 N '8 = S "$? 7( 4 S(#'- ' "('?ES"'#' 6 5 4'""'5 C'?$ (6 S$ ='8$" S(5 'B :=(A ? 7( 5 =E6$459 4 6 N 'B 8'# S(B #= 3 « '[ B, V 3("!B» 'N ? >(3! 6 '= " S ' "( ' &E6$4'5! 5 $ 'B 5 4'B 6 5(=3A$V 'N S(5 "$5 ='(""EV = 55 V, $ 8 55 9 Y$B='"$. «j S '6 ([( =$& ' " 4 '8"$ , 65(, S ' 6 "(B " ?E4', - 65( ?E4' ='S"', "( 4ZM( 6 6E5'S$BW(B 5 ((" 8(4' $ '(- ' 5 =$""'( 5V'35 6' 5 5$8 8 V'&9 "'8 3'8$; 6 #4 #'5 "'B 5 '94' &$ '( '=(V'6'( ?Z=' "$ =("(4( EV S( E=(V "'#$V, 5'6(=W(""EB 8(36(3!. C '4, =(54E, 5 4!9 - 65( ?E4' 5$8'#' 9M(4'#' ?(5 ' 'B"'#' 56'B5 6$, - 54'6'8, $M3EB =(38( , $M3EB 5 4, $&$4'5!, #'6'= 4: «2 9 'M( C'?$ (6 S!» 4 : «2 9 'M( 'S("! 'V'M "$ C'?$ (6 S$!» Y4Z3$, ' '=E( '" '#4'[$( - '3 5 $ ! $ '8 -" ? 3! "(' (5$""'8 6(4 $" . g54 N ' 56 " "$, ' '3$B (8 65Z 56 "!Z =$&'8; (54 ?$=$" "$ - 6"'59 A(4'#' ?$=$"$; (54 # 59 "$, ' 5 $69 "$ 5 '4 65Z A . g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«#=$"3 '&"'». C'?$ (6 S [ ' =(?49( 5 [$8 , # #$" 5 8 4'8 98 ; '" =("(?=(#$( 6$=("!98 , '3$""E8 '54( '?(3$ M("'B, $ X'3(" "( 3'5 ' 4 ?E 6" 8$" (8 ?(&3(4 W 6 5 4( =' ' ' & ? 3 $=$ 8'3" AE.
88
«<$&$4'5!, 6 N '8 (4( 5'65(8 "( ?E4' 3 W , 4 '"$ "(#' ?E4$, "' 6'65( "( $8, #3( 54(3 ( , $, $ ?(558(= "'#' '[(9, #3(- ' &$ #'=$8 &$ =E $ $ 'Z '45 'Z 5 '=4 'Z, S ' 65( S ' " 6'='S$4'5! "$ 3"( ((, "( =' &6'3 4' =(W (4!"' " $ '#' ' =95(" 9 "$ '6(=V"'5 ».
*** \(= 6E( 3 W 'M 6$Z 36$M3E: 5 (=6$ = '8'[ C'?$ (6 S$ ( ' '=EB "$3(49( V 56' 8 9M(4'6(5"E8 56'B5 6$8 ), $ ' '8 - j S '6$ (5 4 = S(5 'B '8'[!Z $6 '=$). >' (=6EB 5 '5'? 'M 64(" 9 - C'?$ (6 S "$? 6$( A(" 56'(8 '6$= : « - >E =$558' = (: 6' , "$ = 8(=, $=( " \ V((6! 6(3! ?'4!W( " $ V N $M(B "( 3(4$4, $ '4! ' =(55'="E(. 2 "( ', $ ?E6$( 8'5 '65 $9 =$?' $, S ' "$ '3 " S$5, - ='S"'5 ! $ $9, 5$8 '?'?!( , 4$ '8 ' ='( ! j S '6 ' =E4 =' , 5 (8 S '?E &$8( !, S ' \ V((6$, '3"$ ' M(, 3$6"' "( "$ 56( (; "' C'?$ (6 S 6' W(4, $ #'6'= 59, 6 5$8 Z 5 4 =(S , ' 3$ 6&94$5! =E5! 3$= 54'6$: - ; R='? $ C ( $", 4' " ? 9 #'4'6 ='&$ 4$3 Z, (54 6E #3( 5E[( ( $ '#' 8 M $. >(3! S ' &$ 5 4 [$ ?E4$! C4 M '" 6 #6$=3 , (8 ?E Y'# &"$( S ' 3$4 , =(V $=W " 5 6(=W '8 ='5 '8! j S '6 ' 9 ! V' (4 &$8( !, S ' R='? "( "$ 56((; "' C'?$ (6 S$, $ 6 3"', ='"(54': '4 4 5! $ ( ' ' =(S(B, S ' '4! ' " M"' ?E4' 54 W$ !: - \ 4 W ", = S" ! 8'# '5 $6 ! (S! 6 $ '8 #'3"' 3'8(. \$ 5 8 D(49 " '6, 5$ 'M" : S ' W 4'8 '4!"( , ' 5$ '# , S ' 5$ '# , ' 5 $5 ?', V' ! ?E 6 =' V8(4!"'#'. ; g=(8(B C'=' ' 4(V "! 3$ N ' 8 M '3 " 5 $"( &$ 65(V, 6 \'5 6( '=#'6$4, '3"'#' '?=' = "'5 4 ' 9 5' = ?4(B». j S '6 E $( 59 6'&=$& ! N '8 5 =$""'8 =( 4$8 5 "(5 [(5 6 Z[(#' '6$=$, ' S 'S '5 E6$( , 5'#4$W$95!, S ' 3 W 6(="' 8(= 6E(, "' M( =$5 $49( 59 5"'6$:
89
« - i$, '"(S"', 8(= 6E(... 6 ='S(8, ' 5 $&$ !: S ' & N V 4Z3(B, ' '=E( S 549 59 ( (=! M 6 [ 8 ? j ' N ' &$ 4Z3 ? 8 V , $ "( 4Z3 . - i$ 65( M( '" 5 [(5 6 Z , $ N ' 6(3! 8(S $. 7 "( , "( 8(S $! d 6$8 3'4'M , $ '6 ?E4 \ V((6, $ 6E $ V 4Z3(B "( 5E[( (: 8$W " [$ $ $9, S ' 6 N '8"$ "( 6'B3( ; "( , N ' "( 8(S $! ; 6 4(S [$V "(#' ?E4$ $ $9 5 4 [$, $ 'B "( 4'W$3 ; V' (4 ?E 9 &"$ !, #3( ?E 6E 6 3= #'8 8(5( "$W4 $ Z 8(S !» :'6'=9 N ', C'?$ (6 S '?=$[$( 59 '= =( Y$#=$ '"$, 54'6"' 5 =$W 6$9 "(#' 5'6( $; $ "(8"'#' '#'39, '#3$ '54( '="'B '=#'64 '?$ M( #' '6E &$ 4ZS ! 53(4 6 '8"$ ( "$5 4' '=M(5 6(""'( 8'4S$" (, «Y$#=$ '" 5 '=4 "E8 "'5'8 #493(4 5' 5 ("E S=(&6ES$B"' 6" 8$ (4!"' "$ N ' ». > N 8 " 8E #4 ?M( 65(#' &$#493E6$(8 6 3 W = 5 5 6 Z[(#' C'?$ (6 S$, '3"$ ' 3 6 (4!"EB ' #'4'5' 4 = S(5 '#' "$S$4$ 6 N 'B #= ?'B "$ =( 8'M"' 54EW$ ! ''8, '#3$ j S '6 =$ǭE6$( 5 5' 8(= 6EV 3 W, ='3$""EV (8 3'='3"E8 '8([ '8: «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» «Y$ ZW 8' (5 $&$4 5(?( j S '6 5 6"(&$ "E8 = 4 6'8 S 65 6 (4!"'5 , = 5 [(B 5(" 8(" $4!"E8 "(#'3998), 5 '4! ' 6$5 &3(5! "$ S $"'! S ' 6E, 5(=3(S"E( 8' , '3(4E6$4 "$ 6( 56'(8? $ (=(? 6$4 5!?.. (%" 6''?=$M$( 5(?( V M &"!, '3 " &$ 3= # 8 8(= 6E( 8 M '?=( $Z 5 [(5 6'6$" ( , 6(=M3$9 5(?9, ' '36 #$Z V4'#' j S '6$ 6 5 '='" .) ;! 6' '", C ( $" R='? $, 6' ' ?'#$ E=!, S ' 6 #6$=3 Z #'-
90
3 459 ?E! j$B, 65( # ?(=" 5V'3 4 5 ' '='8 &$ '95'8 5$ '#$8 "$ 4(S$V, 5c(3$4 "$ #='W V4(?$ 3$ "$ 36$ 5 W("'B =E?E, $ 6 8'W"(, S$B, = $5 6$4 659 B =$& 3'8'B (V'&9 " !) A(4 '6 '6 ' 5 , $ 8'M( , #'5 3$=5 6("" Z &$W 6$4 6 V'45 9"E( W $"E 4 &$ E $4 6 5$ '#, - #3( (?9 = ?=$4'? >&8'5 459 4 E 349 ?'4!W(#' = ?E '3 A(= '6"EB '4, $ 8'M( ?E !, "$ =(5 ' $[ 459 , '5 '4!&" 6W 5!, ' 3$, 5 (=( 4$3 "E, W4( " 459 '&(8!, '4! ' $ 'B-" ? 3! 5 '96W B 6'&4( (?9 3939 \ V(B, 'S(5$6 = 'Z 6 &$E4 (, = 8'46 4: «aV, >$"9, #'=$&3 4' (?9!» - $ 5$8, '369&$6W 5! 6(=(6 'B, '4(& "$ 6'( 8(5 '... := #'= B i'(&M$B-"(-3'(3(W!! DE S ' ?E4 &$ S(4'6( ? 2&6'&'8 4 ='8EW494 , &$6(3W ='B ='#'M" Z ? , ' =( 59 "$6( ' 3'8 , ' ='3"'B ?(=4'# , 'W(4 $[ !59 5 A$8 "$ 9=8$= . 7$ 3'='#( 4 E ' 3$4 3 W Y'# , 4 V'3 4 (?9 6' M( = 9 (4 &$ $Z-" ? 3! '45 Z =$5"'[( Z 5'43$ , 4 = #493(4 5! 4(5"'8 ?='39#( =(8(""E( 6' = $6 AE ='B $ = &(8 5 EV, "' =( V '"! '6, 4 , 8'M( , 5$8, 4(M$ "$ '4$ 9V, 3 8$4, 3 8$4, 3$ " 5 '#' " 5 3= #'#' &$6'=' 4 6 $?$ , $ ' '8 =98' 6 ='= ?!, '8 "$B $ &6$4 ». C$8'( 89 '3"'#' & " V, 7( 6$M$B-<'=E ', 56'(B ?(5'4 '6'B "(5 ='B"'B =' 9M"'5 !Z '35 $&E6$( , $ $9 58(= ! 6E $4$ "$ 3'4Z (#' '?4$3$ (49: «...5(=(3 3'='# (=((V$4 (?9 5'""'#' "( 4ZM B '?'&». f '8 "$" ( ' "( '(8 R' '6(, 36'='6'8 S(4'6( ( R4ZW "$, '='M3$( A(4EB 3 $4'# '4! ' &-&$ '#', S ' N ' R' '6, $ 6 3"', '4 S 4 "( ' '='( '?=$&'6$" ( 'N '8 ?E4 6 "'6(" "( 6 ?$"$4!"'8 ? B5 6(, $ « ='6'='6$459 ?4$#'='3"E8 '?=$&'8» ('?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ N ' 56(=V4'# S(5 B V'3). «7' 6' M (?9 ?(& $W '= "'#' 'B8$4 $ $"5 =$6" . DE 5 ' W! ?'3=' "$ 'S"'B 5 $6 (. «j(B E?» - #'6'= $ $"- 5 =$6" , 66(=" 6W (?( = 5(B 6(="'B ' $& '(- $ '( =( '( 54'6A'. «D$ '#'- ' $ '#'- ' '8([ $», - ' 6(S$(W! E ?'B '. «^$S(8 E &3(5!?» - #'6'= $ $"- 5 =$6" . «% [(" "$ '?=' », - ' 6(S$(W! E ?(& &$ " . «:3( 6'B $W '= ?» - «f V'&9 "$, 8([$" "$ R 8("'6$». - «R'&6$ ! R 8("'-
91
6$! DE R 8("'6?» - «d R 8("'6». - «i$6$4 '" (?( $W'= 56'B?» - «7( , "( 3$6$4 '" 8"( " $ '#' $W '=$». - «j ' M E 6=(W!?» - #'6'= $ $"- 5 =$6" 5 = ?$6 'Z '(- $ '#' =( '#' 54'6A$. «D$ 'S"', ' 6(S$(W! E ?'B ', - 9 "( 3$6$4 (8 , ' '8 S ' = W(4 3'8'B '&3"', $ ' 3$4 "$ '3(=M$" ( ;" R='V'='6 , &6'"$=Z». - «R'&6$ ! &6'"$=9! i$6$4 '" (?( $W '= ?» - «7( , "( '4 S$4 9 ' "(#' $W '= $». «j ' M E ' 9 ! 6=(W!? - #'6'= $ $"- 5 =$6" , 5 =( 6W =(S! '(- $ 8 =( 8 54'6A'8. - :3( M 6'B $W '= ?» - «%" 8("9 ?E4, - #'6'= W! E ='6'="', - 3$, 5 $ !59 8'M( , 6 3"', $ -" ? 3! 3'='#'B ''?='" 4 (#'». - «; 5'43$ 5 Z W "(4!, - #'6'= $$"- 5 =$6" , &$#6'&3 6W (?( ' 9 ! 6 = 3$S '(- $ '( =( '( 54'6A', - &$S(8 5 $[ 4? 569[("" $ 'M( 5 "3 5 8(3"E8 3("!#$8 ?»...» i $4'# ='3'4M$( 59 6 '8 M( 3 V(, $ ' '8 R' '6$ $5 $Z ' =$&"E8 Z=!8$8, ' '=EV 6 "$W(B 6(4 'B 5 =$"( 65(#3$ ?E4 &?E ' . 2 V' 9 N «8(= 6E( 3 W » 6'&6=$[$Z 59 M &" '4! ' 349 '#', S '?E 5 E $ ! 659 ( &4' 4ZS(" 9 5"'6$ '# ?" !, V 6'5 =(W(" (, '"(S"', #'=$&3' '4"(( (W (4!"((, S(8 b$4!W 6'( «"=$65 6(""'( 6'&='M3(" (», ' '='( :'#'4! 5'? =$459 "5A(" ='6$ ! 6 &$3 8$""EV 8 6 '='B =( !(B " #$V «\(= 6EV 3 W» "$ =$3'5 ! &$ '"' '54 W"E8 "$?'M"E8 5'#=$M3$"$8. 25 55 6' ' (#' $= & 6'5 =(5 4' "$ N V 5 =$" A$V 8(= 6(A'6. 7=$65 6(""$9 =(4 # '&"$9 ' 4$M$ 8'#4$ 4 W! '# ? ! "(M"E(, ( 4E(, '4"' ='6"E( 5'&3$" 9 (#' b$" $& .
*** C 86'4$8 ?(4' ='#' 5(" 8(" $4!"'#' 5 S"'#' "(=9W4 6'#' \$" 4'6$ 5 ='&'6E8 # ? $8 ((5 ! 6 (#' b$8 4 "$8( "$ 8$"(="'5 !, "$ 8$", $ ?'4!W( 65(#' "$ 8(S $ (4!"'( «8$" !») 54 M$ : M ="$9 &(4("$9 =95 $ "$ = 3 5=(3 4$ 5 6EV =$5' $"#4 B5 '#' $= $ 5 '35 = M(""E8 3(="'8 ?(5(3 $ 5 #'4 ?E8 '4'""$8 («e=$8 (3 "(""'#' =$&8EW4(" 9»); 4'M"'4$55 S(5 ( 8("$ 3( (B; " #$, '5 '9""' 4(M$[$9 6
92
$? "( ( &$4'M(""$9 "$ S( E="$3A$ 'B 5 =$" A( ("( 9 "$3A$ 'B, ' '=$9 8'#4$ ?E 5'&3$ ! 6 (S$ 4(" (, S ' S $Z V' 9 ?E ' 3(59 S"'B 5 5 (8(, "( = "$3A$ 'B - S(= '6'B 3ZM "(, $ "$ ='&'6$ '-?4'"3 " 5 'B, 8$4' ='6"'B S( E="$3A$ 'B - 5 $ 8 M( ' 5 5 6 (8 "3 6 3 $4!"'5 , $ 5$8 \$" 4'6); "(=9W(5 6' '?5 $"'6 , #3( 8(?(4! '? 6$4 W(4 '8, "' (#' "(3'5 $6$4', 'N '8 36$ =(54$ «5 '94 '? 9" E ='5 ' ='#'M(Z»; 36$ '356(S" $ - '3 " [(#'4!5 'B, & (8"'B ?='"&E, 5 =(89 $" S"E8 b$A 98 « (=4$8 "E8 [(#'4!5 8 [ '8», $ 3= #'B « ='5 ' 8(3"EB "6$4 3, V='8'B, 56(=" 6W B59 "$ 5 '='" 6(5! 6 5$4(». 7', ?E ! 8'M( , 5$8EB 6E=$& (4!"EB 5 86'4 - #'= &'4E, ' '= Z \$" 4'6 6E? 6$4 & = ? $ =$ "E8 =93 $8 =$55 $6494 "$ '3' '"" (; (3 "5 6(""'( 3'5"'( (8 V 3'M(5 6'.
*** «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c(84Z 59 =( ('8 8'4'3E( E4 ( 5(=3A$, ' 6( "E( 54(&E (8 ?4([ 6' 65(V 'S$V... 7( =$6"'#' (8 6 5 4( - '" ?'#! 7' "( $ '6 3(4, 3= #$9 5 3!?$ 5$ (49, 3(=&" 6W(#'
93
6E&6$ ! "$= M 65(, S ' (M(8 " "' =(3 'S$8 S(#' "( &=9 =$6"'3 W"E( 'S , - 65Z 5 =$W" Z, ' =95$Z[ Z " 8(4'S(B, ' $6W V "$W M &"!, 65Z #4 ? " V'4'3"EV, =$&3='?4(""EV, '65(3"(6"EV V$=$ (='6, ' '=E8 W "$W$ &(8"$9, '3S$5 #'=! $9 5 S"$9 3'='#$, =( 'Z 5 4'Z "( 8'4 8'#' =(&A$ 3(=&" 6W(#' 6E5 $6 ! V 6E 4' 9= ' "$ 65("$='3"E( 'S ! g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w 5'6=(8(""EB 5 3, S ' =$6"' S 3"E 5 ( 4$, '& =$Z[ ( 5'4"AE (=(3$Z[ ( 36 M("!9 "(&$8(S(""EV "$5( '8EV; ?' "( = &"$w 5'6=(8(""EB 5 3, S ' 8"'#' " M"' #4 ? "E 3 W(6"'B, 3$?E '&$= ! $= " , 6&9 Z & =(&=(""'B M &" , 6'&6(5(( 6 (=4 5'&3$"!9; ?' "( = &"$w 5'6=(8(""EB 5 3, S ' 6E5' B 6'5 '=M(""EB 58(V 3'5 ' " 5 $ ! =93'8 5 6E5' 8 4 = S(5 8 36 M("!(8 S ' A(4$9 ='$5 ! 8(M3 " 8 = 649"!(8 ?$4$#$""'#' 5 '8'='V$! 7( = &"$w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» C=$& M( '54( N '#' ?(& 3(=M"'#' 6E 4(5 $ =$5"'=(S 9, ' '='(, $ 65 EW $ 56( $,
94
= ' =E6$( &$8E5(4 6 '='#' '8$ «\(= 6EV 3 W», 54(3 ( 3!96'4!5 #=' (5 '6$9 5A("$, #3( M ="EB '4 #'4EB j S '6 ' 495E6$( M # 6 5 $4!"( - "( 54 W '8 ?(3 (4!"'( 3' $&$ (4!5 6' '#', S ' «6E5'B 6'5 '=M(""EB 58(V» M 459 6 " #( 5 «6E5' 8 4 = S(5 8 36 M("!(8». > 5 ["'5 , :'#'4! '?8$"E6$459, 3 8$9, S ' '" 8(( 58(9 !59 6'5 '=M(""E8 58(V'8. i$ 4 = S(5 ( &4 9" 9 "( 54 W '8 ='S"' 6V'39 6 4' " Z $"6 (#' " # ; '" 5 '=(( (5 (5 6(""E( (=(? 6 , ?(& ' '=EV N $ $"6$ "( ?E4$ ?E $ 'B, $ '6$ '"$ (5 !. :'#'4! (W 59 (8, S ' 3$( 5? ! 5(?9 5 "'# =$#$" , "$4( (6W(8 & $ V- ' 3= # V =$(6 (#' 65(4(""'B (5 $4! B5 '- $4!9"5 V ='5 '='6), $ M( $ 6 «X(6 &'=(» =$5 $ 5 EB = "(6 3 8'#' 98[ $: «aB 6E, &$4( "E(!» - 3'"'5 4 3EV$" ( 4( "(B "'S , '[ [(" ( 3$4 , ='8$" , invitation en voyage [ = #4$W(" ( 5 =$"5 6 98 (b=$"A.)]. %5"'6"$9 4 = S(5 $9 "' $ «\(= 6EV 3 W» 6=E6$( 59 '#3$, '#3$ 8E54! ' X'55 , $ 'B 6 3(4 (( :'#'4! ("('?ES"EB (B&$M, '5'?$9 $ 8'5b(=$, 5 86'4 - 34 ""$9, 34 ""$9 3'='#$), ='= 5'6E6$( 59 6' 65(B 56'(B = S 34 6'B =(4(5 5 6'&! #=$"3 '&"'( 5"'6 3(" ( 'N8E. >$M"' &$8( !, S ' 54(3 Z[ B ' =E6' 65 $64(" 8(M3 ' '"S$ (4!"E8 ' c(&3'8, 4 , 6(="((, ?(#5 6'8, j S '6$ & #'='3$ (=$5 =(6'M(""'#' 54 V$8 ' (#' 53(4 $V) ' 5$" (8 (#' 3( 5 V 4( : «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b=$8 : "( 9 !5' "( 5 ' - 3$M( S 54$ :'#'49 '?4$3$Z "( '(B "3 6 3 $4!"'5 !Z), #'='3 W , 6E5 ='(""E( M 6!(8, 5 3(=(69""E8 4$6S'" $8 , 8 S"E8 ?'S $8 , 4$ 98 , $4$S$8 ='S(B 8(4Z&#'B, =9?E( W4$#?$ 8E, S " 8E( 8'5 E ( ' (5 ! 6(S"' 6 =(8'" (, '3"$ &
95
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f=$4, "( ;4$B, "( <$6 $&); "( ?4(5" 5 6'&! "$?='W(""E( '3"$ "$ 3= # Z (8"E( $= , ' $""E( 6 "'#=$3"E8 5 S!98 , 4Z[$8 "(58( "E8 8 44 '"$8 3 V ='&, "( ?4(5" 5 6'&! " V 63$4 6(S"E( 4 " 5 9Z[ V #'=, "(5 [ V59 6 5(=(?=9"E( 95"E( "(?(5$. % =E '5 E""' ='6"' 65( 6 (?(; $ 'S , $ &"$S (? 3 ' "$ $= (), "( = 8( "' '=S$ 5=(3 =$6" " "(6E5' ( 6' #'='3$; " S ' "( '?'4!5 "( 'S$= ( 6&'=$. 7' $ $9 M( "( '5 M 8$9, $B"$9 5 4$ 64(S( (?(? R'S(8 54EW 59 =$&3$( 59 "(8'4S"' 6 W$V 6'9 '5 4 6$9, "(5 [$959 ' 65(B 34 "( W = "( 6'(B, ' 8'=9 3' 8'=9, (5"9? j ' 6 "(B, 6 N 'B (5"(? j ' &'6( , =E3$( , V6$ $( &$ 5(=3A(? <$ ( &6 ?'4(&"(""' 4'?&$Z , 5 =(89 59 6 3 W , 6!Z 59 ' '4' 8'(#' 5(=3A$? X 5!! S(#' M( E V'S(W! ' 8("9? $ $9 "( '5 M 8$9 569&! $ 59 8(M3 "$8 ? j ' #493 W! E $ , &$S(8 65(, S ' " (5 ! 6 (?(, '?=$ 4' "$ 8("9 '4"E( 'M 3$" 9 'S ?.. 2 ([(, '4"EB "(3' 8(" 9, "('36 M"' 5 'Z 9, $ M( #4$6 '5(" 4' #='&"'( '?4$ ', 9M(4'( #=93 [ 8 3'M398 , '"(8(4$ 8E54! =(3 6' 8 ='5 =$"5 6'8. j ' ='='S 5(B "('?c9 "EB ='5 '=? ^3(5! 4 , 6 (?( 4 "( ='3 !59 ?(5 =(3(4!"'B 8E54 , '#3$ E 5$8$ ?(& '"A$? ^3(5! 4 "( ?E ! ?'#$E=Z, '#3$ (5 ! 8(5 ', #3( =$&6(=" !59 ='B 5! (8 ? 2 #='&"' '?c(84( 8("9 8'# S(( ='5 =$"5 6',
96
5 =$W"'Z 5 4'Z ' =$&95! 6' #4 ? "( 8'(B; "((5 (5 6(""'B 64$5 !Z '56( 4 5! 8' 'S : ! $ $9 56(= $Z[$9, S 3"$9, "(&"$ '8$9 &(84( 3$4!! X 5!!.. - i(=M , 3(=M , 3 =$ ! - = S$4 j S '6 C(4 b$" (S(8 '3S(= 6$( 59, S ' 4 = S(5 B '=E6 - N ' ' "Z3! "( =$&8EW4(" 9 5$8'#' j S '6$). - >' 9 (?9 $4$W'8! (#(=! 5 5$8 6 $=W ".
= S$4 5 $ $6W B "$65 =(S
- 7( 6 3 W!, 4(W B 3(= 6'Z 3 W : - 2, $ = &=$ , 5S(&" 4$ 5 #='8'8
b(4!3c-
$&(""EB N $M! E4!Z ='B $».
% 3$4(""'5 ! 'N $ ' ='3 "E =( 6'=9( 59 6 ' 3$4(""'5 ! ? 3 [(#' X'55 , ' '='( :'#'4! $ - ' ' 'M3(5 649( 5 ? 3 [ 8 56'(#' 6'=(" 9 - 6 '='B S$5 «\(= 6EV 3 W», 5 " #'B, ' '= Z 65( 6 X'55 ' "(#' M3$4 , ' '= Z, $ '" ?(M3$4 5(?9, '" "( =(8(""' "$ W( . i49 8("9 «\(= 6E( 3 W » '"S$Z 59 ' c(&3'8 j S '6$ & #'='3$ NN. D= 3"' 5 $&$ !, S ' 8("9 ?'4!W( 65(#' 6'5V [$( 6 N '8 &"$8(" '8 6&=E6( =$5"'=(S 9, ' '=EB &$6(=W$( (=6 Z S$5 !, - 6'4W(?5 6' 4 (#' 'N& 4 6'4W(?5 6' 5'65(8 3= #'#' ='3$, ?' =(3 :'#'4(8 5 '94$ 36'B"$9 &$3$S$: '&6'4 ! j S '6 &?(#" ! 5 =$6(34 6'B $=E = '8'[ ?(#5 6$ 6 ' M( 6=(89 ' 64(S! 6" 8$" ( S $ (49 ' 3$ ?'4(( "( = 9 "'#' 6E6'3$ - " $ $9 $=$ 6 =(3(4$V S(4'6(S(5 '#' &$ '"$ "( 8'M( "$5 #" ! '54$"" $ 5$ $"E, 5 (W$[(#' 3'8'B, 6 $3. «C(4 b$"... = 8'46 4 '" 8 (6 S 8 #'4'5 '8: «7( ?'B59!» @'W$3 =$5W(6(4 4 5! '"(54 , $ V, 4(#'"! Z ?= S . C(4 b$" '4! ' '8$V 6$4 3$ ' = 6$4: «aV! NV! NV!» - 4$6"' '35 $ 6$9 "$ '&4$V, ' 8(=( '#' $ ='B $ ' 6&4( $4$ "$ = #'=' , ' "(54$5! 3 V'8 5 = #'= $, ' '=E8 ?E4$ 5(9"$ 659 5 '4?'6$9 3'='#$, 5 =(8 6W$959 S ! &$8( "E8 "$ $ '8 6" &. j S '6 '4! ' 4E?$459, 54(# $ '34( E6$9 "$ 56'(B 'M$"'B '3 W (, ?' 4Z? 4 ?E5 = Z (&3 . 2 $'B M( = 55 B "( 4Z? ?E5 ='B (&3E? g#' 4 3 W(, 5 =(89[(B59 &$ = M !59, &$# 49 !59, 5 $&$ ! "'#3$: «S(= '?(= 65(!» - (#' 4 3 W( "( 4Z? ! ((? g( 4 "( 4Z? !, '#3$ 6 "(B 54EW 59 S '- ' 6'5 '=M(""'-
97
S 3"'(! <$M 5!, "(6(3'8$9 5 4$ '3V6$ 4$ (?9 "$ =E4' 5(?(, 5$8 4( W!, 65( 4( : 4( 9 6(=5 E, 4( 9 "$65 =(S AE "$ '?4 S $V 56' V ? ' , 4( 5 '?( V 5 '='" 4(5 5 (8"E8 5 ='98 (4(B 5'5(", 5 ' '="E8 5 '8 6'='"! 8 = '8, 4( 659 3'='#$ "(6(5 ! 3$ 6 =' $3$Z[ Z 3$4!, S '- ' 5 =$W"'( &$ 4ZS("' 6 5(8 ?E5 ='8 8(4! $"!(, #3( "( 5 (6$( '&"$S !59 =' $3$Z[ B =(38( , - '4! ' "(?' "$3 #'4'6'Z, 3$ 4(# ( S , 3$ ='3 =$Z[ B59 8(59A '3" $M 59 "(36 M"E. aV, ='B $! A$ ='B $, ' (?9 6E3 8$4? &"$ !, ?'B '#' "$='3$ E 8'#4$ '4! ' ='3 !59, 6 'B &(84(, S ' "( 4Z? W !, $ ='6"(8#4$3"(8 =$&8( " 4$5! "$ '456( $, 3$ 5 $B 5S $ ! 6(=5 E, ' $ "( &$=9? (?( 6 'S . 2 "( V =EB, $M 5!, 3'='M"EB 5"$=93, "( M(4(&"E8 5V6$S(" 6 " '8, $ "$5 '=' M 6!(8 5 '3" 8 ' '='8 3$ 3'4' '8 5"$=93 4 5'?=$4 (?9 9='54$65 B =$5 '=' "EB 8 M . 7( 6 "(8(A V ?' b'= $V 98[ : ?'='3$ 3$ = $6 AE, 5 3 S(= &"$( "$ S(8; $ = 65 $4, 3$ &$8$V" 459, 3$ &$ 9" 4 (5"Z - '" 6 V=(8, 5 AE 6 '4(5$V 58(W$4 5! 6 '3 " #4$3 B = #, '4! ' 3='#" 4$ 3'='#$, 3$ 65 = " 4 6 5 #( '5 $"'6 6W B59 (W(V'3 6'" '"$ '"(54$5!, '"(54$5!, '"(54$5!!.. 2 6'" M( 6 3"' 63$4 , $ S '- ' E4 56(=4 6'&3 V. 7( $ 4 E, X 5!, S ' ?'B $9 "('?#'" 8$9 ='B $ "(5(W!59? iE8'8 3E8 59 '3 '?'Z 3'='#$, #=(89 8'5E, 65( ' 5 $( '5 $( 59 '&$3 ... X 5!, 3$ M "(5(W!59 E? 3$B ' 6( . 7( 3$( ' 6( $. j 3"E8 &6'"'8 &$4 6$( 59 '4' '4!S ; #=(8 5 $"'6 59 6( ='8 =$&'=6$""EB 6 5 6'&3 V; 4( 8 8' 65(, S ' " (5 ! "$ &(84(, , '595!, '5 '=$" 6$Z 59 3$Z (B 3'='# i= # ( "$='3E #'5 3$=5 6$». <$ ?E =( =$5"' " &6 S$4' N ' b "$4!"'( =([("3', 5' 5 4 5 S(5 'B 'S &=(" 9 '"' 65(#' 4 W! 5 '='#'6'= $ b' 5" $, ' 64( $Z[(#' 6" 8$" ( &= (4(B, S '?E 3$ ! 5S(&" ! =(38( , $ =(38( 6 3$""'8 54 S$( - j S '6.
98
$ C"'6$ ' " 6 X'55 Z 6 8$( 1842 #., :'#'4! 6'&'?"'6 4 56' 5 =$""E( 5 =$"5 6 9. >(= 9[ (59 '4(5$ 5' $4 (8 $"! (=6'B S$5 «\(= 6EV 3 W»; = # , ' '=E( '" ' 5E6$4 6' 6=(89 56' V (=6EV (W(5 6 B ' 8(4! $Z[(B g6=' (, &$6(=W 4 5! =(6=$[(" (8 = #4("! '#' j S '6$ 6 = 9[ B59 6'4S' , 6 8$"" Z =$3 # ; b & S(5 '( = M(" ( '8'#4' $6 '= '#= & ! 5(?9 56' V #(='(6 6 $4(B3'5 ' S(5 B 'W8$=, ''=EB ='5 '3 W"E( S $ (4 8"'#' 4( =93 = " 8$4 &$ « $"'=$8 = 55 'B M &" » ( 4 «3'8$W"ZZ M &"! 6 X'55 »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c969 (=6' 5 'S" . 7$ 5$8'8 M( 3(4( 5$(49 ? 3( ?(&M$4'5 "' 569&E6$ ! 3(=M$6"$9 b'=8$ (=6'B S$5 . <'#3$ '" ' E $459 54'M ! 6 '= Z, (8 = W4'5! '5 ! 'S $ M(, $ ? BA( 6 '3"'8 & =$55 $&'6 j(5 (= '"$, ' '=EB 6E" M3(" '38(" ! 65Z 5S Z ? 8$# 6 3'8( 56'(B M(= 6E, S '?E '"$ "( ' 4 S$4$5! ' 4 5 $, "$ ' '='8 "$ 5$"' 8" 8'( = &"$" ( 6 5$8' ? B5 6(. \=$S"$9 '3'&= (4!"'5 ! 8'#4$ '35 $&$ ! :'#'4Z '(- $ ( 3= # ( 5''?=$M(" 9. <$ ?E 5 =$5 "' " M$M3$4 '" &"$ ! 6 '3='?"'5 9V, S ' 3 8$Z ' (#' =' &-
99
6(3(" S $ (4 4 = - ' V'4 9 "$ ' ( =$6 (4!5 6$ 3' '54(3"(#' 3 ' $, '3E#=E6$Z[(#' '?[(5 6(""'8 8"(" Z, - '" 5(=3"' '?c95" 4 56' 8 $3=(5$ $8, ? 3 ' (3 "5 6(""'(, S ' (#' " (=(5 ( 6 = S(5 V 5 $ !9V, N ' ?'4(( W =' '( '?c( 6"'( =(35 $64(" (, ' '='( '" '4 S$( & " V ' 56'(B 5'?5 6(""'B (=5'"(. :'#'49 6(5!8$ '#'=S 4', S ' 5(=!(&"E( 4Z3 6 3(4 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V», ' 5 3'6'4!5 6 (8, ' "(#'3 9, 4$8(""'( '?4 S(" ( =$?5 6$, '3'?"' '8 $ '" 6 3(4 6 «X(6 &'=(» "$ $3 "$ 6&9 'S" S(5 6'. 2?' 6 8$V #=$M3$"5 6(""' 8E549[ V S $ (4(B «\(= 6E( 3 W » #3(- ' 58E $4 5! 5 «e M "'B 393 D'8$». C'8"(6$Z5!, S '?E N ' =(6'M 4' (#' 8("!W(, S(8 =( 3= # V = '6 - 3'5 ' 'S (""EV 5 $='&$6( "EV A(" (4(B 6 S(="EV 5Z= $V, "$?'M"EV 5 $=EV 3(6 =$6'54$6"EV 569 'W, ' '=E( 5( '6$4 "$ «S 65 6(""'5 !» (#' '?=$&'6. %" =( =$5"' '[ [$4 64$5 !, ' '= Z (#' V 3'M(5 6(""EB #(" B 8(( "$3 4Z3!8 , , ' 6=$[(" Z 56'(8 , ' 6( 5 6(""'5 !, ='5 ( $Z[ Z ' $ 'B 64$5 . 7' S '- ' 6 (#' 3 W( M$M3$4' ([( ?'4!W(B 64$5 ( =$63$, 4 W(""'B ' 6( 5 6(""'5 ), $ M("$ =E?$ $ 6 5 $& ( R W "$ - ([( ?'4(( EW"EV V'='8. :'#'4! 5 $4 =' '6(3" '8 ' '8 , S ' (8 " M"$ ?E4$ $b(3=$, 5 ' '='B '" 8'# ?E '?c95" ! "=$65 6("" Z '3' 4( 56'(#' 5'S "(" 9, ''8 , S ' =98$9 569&! 5 S $ (498 $&$4$5! (8 (5 (5 6(""E8 ='964(" (8 (#' 8$#"( S(5 'B 8'[ . X(4 # 9 5"$?3 4$ (#' '"$4!"'5 !Z 8( '3'8. C'8" (4!"', S '?E '"$ '3$= 4$ (#' S(8-" ? 3! ([(.
***
% $5"'5 ! =(6=$ !59 6 4(M$S B $8("! :'#'4Z "( #='M$4$: "(5 '4! ' 4( " V 5(&'"'6 '" ?(5 =(=E6"' (&3 4 5 6'3 "$ 6'3E. Y'4(&"! (#' ?E4$ = 3"' &4(S 8'B, ' '8 S ' $&$4$5! 8$4' '"9 "'B (=(8("S 6'B: = 5 E 8(4$"V'4 , '#3$ 8 (#' ?E4 '8=$S(" "(6E=$& 8E8 =(3S 65 6 98 " S ', ='8( 6"(&$ "'#' (=((&3$, "( 8'#4' = "(5 '?4(#S(" 9, S(=(3'-
100
6$4 5! 5 = $3 $8 (4(5"'#' "(3'8'#$" 9 '&"'?$8 ; 5 '4! ' '" " $459, "(#' 5 E4 "'# , $ '8'#$4$ ' N '#' '4! ' ?E5 =$9 V'3!?$ S(8 3'4!W(, (8 4 SW(. R$=$3' 5 &$ 4ZS$459 6 '8, S ' '33(=M$ ! 6 5(?( 6'=S(5 B '=E6 '" 8'# 4 W! '5 '9""E8 36 M(" (8 - $ '"' b & S(5 8(W$4' (8 5$ !. 2 65( M( & 8E, ='6(3(""E( 6 2 $4 5 ' "'5 (4!"E8 '8b'='8, ?E4 ([( 8("(( ='3 6"E8 , S(8 4 V'=$3'S"E( 5 =$"5 6 9 6 'S '6EV $=( $V. i=(&3(", Y$3#$5 (B", ^$4!A? =#, \Z"V(", >("(A 9, O4'=("A 9, X 8 ' 9 ! O4'=("A 9, \$" 9, >(='"$, 2"5?= , ^$4!A? =#, <$=45?$3, R=$#$, :=(bb("?(=#, Y(=4 ", Y$3#$5 (B", R=$#$, ^$4!A? =#, >("(A 9, Y'4'"!9, O4'=("A 9, X 8, 7 AA$, R$= M, O=$" b = , i=(&3(" - 65( 5"$S$4$; N ' (=(S("! 5 '6 '=9Z[ 8 59 "$&6$" 98 &"$8(" EV = 5 5 V #'='3'6 "( 'V'M "$ 8$=W= S(4'6( $, ' '=EB V'S( ' =$6 ! &3'='6!( 4 5'? =$( #'5 " S"E( "$ 4(B , S '?E 'V6$5 $ !59 8 6 \'5 6(, W $ ;B3$V', 4 6 \'5 6( ='55 B5 'B - N ' "$8(S(""EB " ='8 '='S"EB = # ?(& 659 '#' #('#=$b S(5 '#' 58E54$. >'3E ?E4 5 '=(( '6'3'8. k(" =$4!"$9 g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«X(6 &'=(», «l "(4 » (=6'B S$5 «\(= 6EV 3 W».
***
R=' '6(3" S(5 B (= '3 "$S$459 :'#'49 5 '54(3" V ' =$6' , ' '=E( '" 6"(5 6 «\(= 6E( 3 W », 5 N V
101
5 =$""EV "$8( '6 "$ 6(4 S(5 6(""EB $ 'b('& 6 ? 3 [(8. > 8"'#'S 54(""EV 5!8$V, ' '=E( '" W( 3= &!98 &-&$ #=$" AE, b=$&E &6 S$ 65( EW"((, 6 $'8- ' '5'?'8 ? ?4(B5 '8 '"(: «...#'=( '8 ?E ' " ?E4', "( 54 W$Z[(8 8'(#' 54'6$, W( '". - %5 $6! "$ 6=(89 65(, 65(, S ' " W(6(4 "'#3$ 6 =$&3"E( 8 " E 8E54 , $ ?E " &$8$"S 6' " = 9 "' '"' W(6(4 4' V. R' '= 5! &$B8 5! #'3, '3 " '4! ' #'3, 56'(Z 3(=(6"(B»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«i(4' '8([ S!( - Y'M ( 3(4'» - 6' 5 ! =' '6(3 :'#'49. 7(4!&9 "( &$8( !, $ '" V' (4, $ '" M$M3$4 '#', S '?E N "(3'6'4!"E( '8([ ?=Z&M$[ ( S "'6" "( ='5 ' 6(=" 4 5! 6 56' = 5 5 6(""E( 8(5 $, "$ 56' &(84 , 56' 8 ' '5$8, "' 3$6$4 (8 '3='?"(BW ( ' S( E ' 56' V 6 (S$ 4(" 9V. \'M"' =(3'4'M !, S ' :'#'49 "$ 8( ( 8(, 'V'M(8 "$ 9[ R$"3'=E) ?E4' S '- ' 3= #'(, S '- ' 349 "(#' #'=$&3' ?'4(( 6$M"'(, S(8 ' &E6 ' "=$65 6(""EV N '"'8 S(5 V 54'6 9V M &" 6 ='55 B5 'B 3(=(6"(: (#' '8 4' M(4$" ( '4 S ! « '34 ""EB» 8$ (= $4 349 56'(B " # & (=6EV = ; 6(3! '" ?E4 6 5$8'8 V 3'8 '4'M(" , 6 $ '( 8'M( ' $5 ! 5$ (4!, =$ 6 5 '5'?"'5 ! &8EW49 ! b$ E 6(=9, S ' '" 8'# 5 [(5 6'6$ ! 5$8 ' 5(?(. Y(3$ 6 '8, S ' #'4EV b$ '6 6 = ='3( "( 5 [(5 6 ( , ' '8 S ' '" " '#3$ "( ?E6$Z 5'6(=W(""' #'4E8 ; ?(4EB 54(3 ' S$5'6'#' ?=$5-
102
4( $, &$6(=" 6W B59 5'S( 4$5 E=9 "$ 5? 'B 9 ( - V "( 8'M( 5"9 ! 5 5(?9 5$8EB b$"$ S"EB " 3 5 . R='5 $9 '4'" $ S 5(4 =$5 ='( 4 S"'5 ! '#', ' V 5 4$3E6$4, $ M( 'S"', $ '3$ 4 6EB W b= 6E3$4 8(5 '"$V'M3(" ( 4$3$ a3#$= R'. C$8$9 = 8 6"$9 curriculum vitae [ =$ $9 ? '#=$b 9 (4$ .)] $=( $( V4' $( =E4!98 $ , $ N ' 56'B5 6(""' '4! ' (( '3 5$6W(8 . C'8"(6$Z5!, S '?E 8'M"' ?E4' "$&6$ ! 56'B "'8(= (4(b'"$, "( 5''?[ 6 = N '8 ' 5(?( 5$8'8. :'#'4! M(, V' 9 6(=94, S ' M(4$( &"$ ! ' S(4'6(S(5 6(, ' '8 S ' 4Z? N ' S(4'6(S(5 6', "$ 5$8'8' 3(4( ?E4 8$4' &$ " (=(5'6$" 6 4 S"'5 '#', ' (8 ' 5(?( 5''?[$4. %" V' (4 '4 S ! b$ E 6 5$8'8 '?"$M(""'8 6 3( 6 ' M( 6=(89 =(?'6$4 "( ='5 ' =93$ A b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b$ E M( " $ "( ? 3 «#'4E8 ». a $ 5 '= 9 ' 4 S"' 44Z5 = = ( '4"(BW Z ?(558E54 A $ V (=8 "'6, $ «#'4EB b$ » «=($4 &8». :'#'4! - «=($4 5 »! D$ #'6'=9 S(?" . 2 6'&8'M"', S ' 5$8 :'#'4! 6 56' V M$4 V [( "EV ' E $V 5'?=$ ! ' 5$8 V S $ (4(B ='V , ' '=E( 3'4M"E ?E4 5'5 $6 ! 8'&$ (#' " # , '4$#$4, S ' '5 $( 5'6(=W(""' =$& 8"'. >(3! N ' $ ='5 ', - =$&3=$M(""' 6(=3 4 '" =$&"E8 #'5 '3$8 3$8$8, - 5(5 ! V' 9 "$ S$5' 6 3("! "$?='5$ ! 65(, S ' 6E 6 3(4 54EW$4 . C (8 M( 5 (V'8 '" 8'# ='5 ! V 6E54$ ! (8 ' 'S ( 4 " 6 4Z?'B (( b$&(. 2 "(6$M"', (54 $='S $ &6(&3 4'S' 8$"$ "("$=' '8 ' $3 6 "$5 (V &$ (S$ $""EB 5 " B $ ( . ; (54 8(59A$ 54'8$( 59 ='#, '" (#' &$8(" 3= # 8. g#' ? '#=$b'6 3 6494' =$&3=$M(" (, ' '='( '" 6E $&E6$4, "( '4 S$9 '#', S ' (8 " M"'. 2V 3 6494' ' 5 =$""'( '?5 '9 (4!5 6', S ' #(" $4!"EB 5$ (4! "(
103
'" 8$( , 'S(8 3= # ( "( 8(Z 5$ ! $ M( V'='W', $ '". 7$ 5$8'8- ' 3(4( :'#'4! &4 459 ' '#', S ' V =' 8"EB 5 '5'? '4 S(" 9 8$ (= $4$, ' '='#' '" 5$8 M( "( 8'# = 3 8$ !, 5(?9 "( ' =$63$4. X$5 [(( 5'&"$" ( 56'(#' ?(55 4 9 =(6=$[$4'5! 6 ?'4(&"!, ''= Z '" 5 =E6$4 ' 3= # V ' 5$8'#' 5(?9. %" =$3'6$459 4Z?E8 '8(V$8 6 56'(B =$?' ( («... =( 9 5 6 ( = 3$( 8"( =E4!9»), ' '8 S ' "$ " V 8'M"' ?E4' 56$4 ! ' 9M ' '"S$" 9 " # . >59 b 4'5'b 9 '54(3" V 4( 5 =(b=("'8: S(8 (8"(( "(?(5$, (8 9=S( &$5 9( &$6 =$W" B ?4$M(""EB 3("!, - ?E4$ "$6(9"$ '5 '9""E8 '[ [(" (8 '#', S ' &$6 =$ " '#3$ "( "$5 . C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, '" = V'3 4 6 9='5 !, (54 '" ? 3! =(3 '4$#$4, S ' '964(" ( N '#' «?4$M(""'#' &$6 =$» 8'M( ?E ! 5 '=("': 9 "( 4 (=$ ="EB '3("[ , "( =(8(54("" , "( M ="$4 5 , 5$4 '". 2 V'9 '" 3(4$4 65(, S '?E ?(3 ! 3= # V 5$8'#' 5(?9, S ' "$ W( =' &6(3(" (, ?(5 '"(S"' 6$M"'( 349 X'55 ($ X'55 9 6 (#' S 5 ' = 55 '8 5'&"$" 5 $4$ 5 "'" 8'8 65(#' S(4'6(S(5 6$), '" "(#'3'6$4, '#3$ 3' "(#' 3'V'3 4 54 V , '='M3(""E( (#' M( 5'?5 6(""E8 8 5 S(5 8 "$8( $8 . R(= '3 (#' M &" '54( 6EV'3$ 6 56( (=6'B S$5 «\(= 6EV 3 W» 8'M"' ' =(5 ! «?'4!W 8 "$3(M3$8 », ' =$B"(B 8(=( 5' 5 '='"E (#' S $ (4(B. 7( ' '=E( & " V 'M 3$4 ([( ?'4(( =(& '#' ?(5 '[$3"'#' '?4 S(" 9 ='3$M"'5 5'A $4!"'B "(5 =$6(34 6'5 ; 3= # ( =(36 W$4 #'8(= S(5 58(W" Z '6(5 !, "$3(95! '6(5(4 !59 "$3 $M3'B 5 =$" A(B. 2 6 ' 6=(89 $ :'#'4! 3='M$4 ' V'4'3$ 6 '3"'B & "( ' 4("EV $8(""EV '8"$ , ' '=E( "$B3(W! '4! ' "$ =$B"(8 Z#( g6=' E, #'6$= 6$4 3= &(B, S ' ' "E"( M &"! (#' 569[(""$, S ' 5 (#' 4' 5 'B '?'4'S 'B "$3' '?=$[$ !59 4Z?'6"', ?(=(S! ((, $ =(5" 6W B #4 "9"EB 5'5 3, 5'3(=M$[ B 6 "' 8 3='5 ( ' (5 ! 6 '= Z S$5 ! «\(= 6EV 3 W»), 3'8$ =$5='5 =$" 4 5! =$3'5 "E( 54 V , S ' :'#'4! &$ $"S 6$( " # ' 'V'M3(" 9V = 55 '#' #("(=$4$ 6 X 8( S ' " S(#' ' (W"(( '" 6 M &" "( 5$4. <$ N ' " =$# S"', 5 , ' "'59[ (59 &$6'3"'B 4( & b$=5$ #("(=$4 Y( = [(6 , 6 5$8'8 3(4( 4 SW((, S ' 3'W4' 3' "$5 & 6 '='B " # «\(= 6EV 3 W».
104
***
> ==($4!"'8 8 =( :'#'49 X 8 X'55 Z '?c(3 " 4$ $$9- ' #4 ? ""$9 569&!. X 8 349 "(#' ?E4 (8 8(5 '8, #3( "(#' 54 S$4 5! (= '3E V'='W(#' b & S(5 '#' 5$8'S 65 6 9, S(#' "( ?E6$4' "$ 5(6(=(. k6( E 2 $4 ( ' (#' 54'6$8, '" 6$M$4 A6( E, ' '=E( 6E=$5 $Z 5$8 5'?'Z "$ 8'# 4() "$ '4"94 (#' «"( 5 '6E8 M(4$" (8 =(6=$ !59 6 '3 " "'5, S '?E "( ?E4' " S(#' ?'4!W( - " #4$&, " = , " "'#, ='8( '3"'#' '4! ' ?'4!W [(#' "'5$, ' '='#' ?E "'&3= ?E4 6(4 S "'Z 6 3'?=E( 6(3=$, S '?E 8'M"' ?E4' 6 9" ! 6 5(?9 $ 8'M"' '?'4!W( ?4$#'6'" 9 6(5"E». 2 $4 9 3'?$6 4$ =$?' E (#' "'5 . 7' ?E4' $8 ([( '5'?(""'( $4!9"5 '( "(?', « ' 65( 5(=(?=9"'(, '3( '( 6 $ '(' $ 4$5"'( 56(= $" (, ' 5 "((, $ 4Z? '"' ' $&E6$ !59 5 6'&! $= <'4 5(9». j '?E ' 3'V" ! ' 5 '6(= $""'B, M$5"'B, 3!96'4!5 'B $= "E 8 =$, 8 M( 5'&3$""'B, '" ? 3 ' V'S( '&$ 85 6'6$ ! "'=8$4!"'( &=(" ( 6 '='=$&=93"'#' V 3'M" $, 6'5 = " 8$Z[(#' X 8 $ «M 6' 5"'(» 8(5 '. g8 "=$69 59 '54E: «?=(3 4 "(5 59 65 $S! '54E 5 '4 &$M8 =(""E8 #4$&$8 , M 6' 5"' "(59 "$ 5(?( 5 ='B"EV 5 4!"EV» $4!9"' , «3$4( ' ?4 5 $Z[ V ?(4E8 #'4'6"E8 ?'=$8 , 4 $[$ 6'65( "( M 6' 5"', 5 = 3'8 5 'E $95!, 34 ""'#' "( '36 M"'#' $"#4 S$" "$ 6 #'='V'6'8 "( ='" $(8'8 8$ " 'W(, 5 '=S 6W(#' 6 '5 =EB #'4 56' "'# , S '?E "( &$A( ! 8 &(84 , 4 "(59 V 3'M" $ 6 ?4 &(, 5 3(=(69""E8 9[ '8 "$ =(8"( 4'6 'B 6$"3 '65 'B ?'='3 'B...» .3. i'4#' 5$ ! 6 N '8 5 4( :'#'4! ?E4 "(5 '5'?(", &$3 8$""EB 8 5 $"3$= "EB ='8$" ' = 4ZS(" 9V $4!9"5 '#' #'5'3 "$, 5S$5 !Z, '#=$" S 459 "(5 '4! 8 M '6$E8 '?[ 8 8(5 $8 : «>5( 6 "(B 6("(A 5'&3$"!9, ' 4(S 3' $" S"'B 3EW$[(B "'# 3' '54(3"(#' $4!S $ "$ (( "'#(...» - "( , 3'6'4!"', "( ' 4( ( "E4'#' ='6 "A $4!"'#' S "'6" $ & #'#'4(65 'B #4 W , '9[(#' 56'Z &4 Z '5 6 b$" $& 9V, 5'65(8 58(W$( 59 5 $" S"'B = '= 'B.
105
***
> X 8( M 4 '#3$ 6(4 B = 55 B V 3'M" 26$"'6. Y'4!W( 36$3A$ 4( '" = 3 459 "$3 56' 8 «d64(" (8 e= 5 $ "$='3 »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b # =( («; %", 6 "(?(5"'8 5 ' 'B5 6 S 3"'8 ' 3$4(" , V'B 6(=3'B 5 ' 'B M( = ?4 M$( 59 4Z398»), $= "$ 26$"'6$ $ 8- ' '?=$&'8 54 4$5! 6 (#' 5'&"$" 5 =(4 # '&"'B 3((B (#' 5'?5 6(""'B, ([( "( "$ 5$""'B " # , ' '= Z '" 6 3(4 4$6"' 54( $Z[(B "(8 5 5(=(?= 5 EV $4!9"5 V V'48'6.
***
> 5!8$V, ' '=E( '" 5$4, =$?' $9 "$3 «>E?=$""E8 8(5 $8 & (=( 5 5 3= &!98 », "( N V «8(5 » ((54 ?E '" $8 ?E4 , :'#'4! "( ?E4 ?E :'#'4(8), "' '" 'S("! 5V'M ' 58E54 ' '" . %" 5S $4 56' =$55 M3(" 9 6" W(""E8 56EW( =(?'6$4, S '?E V (M(3"(6"' (=(S E6$4 6' 6=(89 '5 $; = 3"' '6(= !, '3"$ ', S '?E (#' '==(5 '"3(" E ?E4 $ M '3$ 4 6E , 5'?=$6 S4("'6 5(8! , 58 [(""' ' $W4 -
106
6$4 5! (=(3 S (" (8 - 5'65(8 $ #'='3" S B 6 (=6'8 3(B5 6 «X(6 &'=$». d&E N V '54$" B :'#'49 'S $='3 (" ' 56'(B V$"M(5 'B " '"$A , "' 6 " V (5 ! =( =$5"E( (=(? 6 , '#3$, = 8(= , '" ' =(?49( 5 4!"E( 6 '4"( 56( 5 ( 6E=$M(" 9, #'6'=9 ' '#=$b , ' '=$9 (#' "$3 4$. Y4$#'S(5 6E( 3(9" 9, ' '=E( '" &$8EW494 349 56' V 3= &(B, &4$#$Z 59 '"' 5 ?'4(( 4 8("(( " 3"E8 '= S(" 98 . %" &'?=(4 '=$& (4!" Z 5 5 (8 ' $9" 9 349 «#=(W" '6», = " M3$9 V =$?5 "$ 5(?9 = 3 !59: ?(#$ ! ' (#' 3(4$8, ' $ ! $ '6E6$ ! " M"E( (8 " # , (=( 5E6$ ! = S(5 ( 5 $ ! , '=#'6$ !59 5 "$?'=[ $8 .3. > "$#=$3 '" '5E4$4 " # 6='3( «R'3=$M$" 9 e= 5 » 5 '3='?"E8 "5 = A 98 , $ (Z '4!&'6$ !59, "' $ ( M( "5 = A 3$"E ' '6'3 6'3'4(S(" 9 M(4 3'S"EV "(3'8'#$" B: 36$ 5 $ $"$ V'4'3"'B 6'3E (=(3 &$6 =$ '8, 5'6( ( '" '6$= [ ' "(5S$5 !Z. %
"! ( 65( 56' 3(4$ &$B8 (5! 8' 8 - 6' 4(B 8'6 (#' 5(8, S ' ?E4' ?E 5'6(=W(""' &$ '""', (54 ?E $3=(5$ E 5S $4 5(?9 (#' S(" $8 , 6(=3' 6(= Z[ 8 , S ' ' , ' '8'#$( :'#'4Z, '8'#$( Y'# . 7' 4Z3 , '4 S 6W ( (#' 5!8$ & X 8$, i=(&3("$ 4 Y$3("-Y$3("$, =(W$4 , S ' :'#'4! 4 ?' 5V'3 5 8$, 4 ?' ' (W$( 59 "$3 " 8 . R'-6 3 8'8 , '" "( ?E4 S(=(5S = [( ( 4(" &4' ' =(?494 56' 8 ?'M(5 6(""E8 =$6$8 . %" 5 '4!&'6$4 56'( 6E#'3"'( '4'M(" ( '54$"A$ Y'M!(#' 6 5 # ?' 4 S"EV A(49V - "$ = 8(=, '#3$ ' S E6$4 ='W4EV '? 3S '6. R'54( 58(= M("E = R'#'3 " ?E4 6"( 5(?9 ' #'=9, $ :'#'4! (8 "$ 5$4: «i= #, "(5S$5 9 5 ! 6(4 ( &"$ Y'M (B 4Z?6 . %" " 5 '5E4$Z 59 349 (=(4'8$ M &" 6 S(4'6( (, ' '=EB ?(& " V ?E4 ?E "(6'&8'M("... d &"$Z, S ' ' 'B" A = M &" (S$4 4 36$ "$V'39[ (59 6 (?( "(3'5 $ . %3 ", ' '=EB =' &'W(4 ' '?5 '9 (4!5 6$ 6'(B (=6'"$S$4!"'B M &" 6'5 $" 9, 5'5 ' 6 ' 5 5 6 $ $ 6' 65(V 6'&8'M"EV ='3$V = 4 S B...» C'?'4(&"'6$" (, (3 "5 6(""'( 6 56'(8 ='3(. ; 5$ '6 ?E4 '3" 8 & "(8"'# V, ' =(W 459 "$ '"(A 6E5 $&$ ! :'#'4Z, $ '" ' "'5 59 "( ' '=E8 (#' "$5 $64(" 98. «i= # 8'B, 5$4 '", - " "$ '3" 8 " 9 "( 5 8" 459 6 5 =(""'5 6$W(#' ?(M3(" 9 M(4$" 9
107
3'?=$ 3= &!98 56' 8; "', = &"$Z5!, "(3'6'4(" 9 N 8 ?(M3(" (8, '5'?(""' b'=8$8 , 6 ' '=EV '"' ='9649( 59. d 3$M( ?'Z5! (#'. \"( 9 !3(59 = #'3$. d '#3$ S $4 O'8 <(8 B5 '#', '#3$ 6E ([( "( ='3 4 5!... d "( '= A$Z " $ V, " S! V ?(M3(" B, 4 W! ?E4 ?E '" 5 =("" ; "' M(, '"(S"', " S! V "( = 8 ... 2 63= # 6E 8("9 5$M$( (, $ 8$4!S $, &$ S (" ( O'8E <(8 B5 '#', "$5 4!"', "( &"$6 8' V ?(M3(" B, 3$ $ ([(? 6 &$ '"(""'( 6=(89, '54( 'b(Z, =$&3(499 S (" ( #4$6E, $ "$ =' ... 58(W"' 3'5$3"'...» 7' :'#'4! '=5 6'6$4 6 N '8 "'6''?=( (""'8 M$"=(. %" 6(=M3$4, ? 3 ' 65( 5 $&$""'( 53(4$""'( 8 63'V"'64("' (8 3 V'8, ' '=EB 65 '=( ' ='( 56'Z 8 5 S(5 Z 5 ! 6' 6 '='8 =( !(8 '8$V «\(= 6EV 3 W». %" $ M( 6(=M3$4, S ' «>E?=$""E( 8(5 $» &$3 8$"E $ 5 E $" ( 3'4M"E '3#' '6 ! 3 V S $(49 6'5 = 9 Z 6 '='B S$5 (#' 'N8E. > 3 8', '" 5'6(=W(""' "( '" 8$4, S ' 5'?'B =(35 $649( $ '3#' '6 (4!"$9 5 ("!, ' '= Z '" 4Z?(&"' =(34$#$4 S $ (4Z. %5"'6"'( 5'3(=M$" ( «>E?=$""EV 8(5 » 5'5 ' & "$& 3$" B :'#'49 = 55 8 '8([ $8, ='6 "A $4!"E8 S "'6" $8 6''?[( V= 5 $"$8. R'8(5 "E( 36'=9"( =$558$ = 6$Z 59 $ '5=(3" Y'M! , ' '=E( = 39 59 6 ' ( 4 A$, 8(Z 56'B $B 6 =$B5 V [$V '4 S$Z ?'4(( 4 8("(( &"$S (4!"EB 3'V'3 6 &(8"'B 6$4Z (. «C'?(= =(M3( 65(#' 8 M '6 '?c95" 8, S ' $ '( E S ' $ '( '" . j ' '8([ E "$3 " 8 "( ' '8 , S '?E (?( V' (4'5! '6(4(6$ ! ?E ! '8([ '8, "' ' '8 S ' E M( (5 ! '8([ , S ' E ='3 459 '8([ '8, S ' 6&E[( 5 (?9 Y'#, (54 ? E ='8("94 N ' &6$"!( "$ 3= #'(; ' '8 S ' 659 3'4M(" 54 M ! Y'# "$ 56'(8 8(5 (, $ "( "$ S M'8, =$6"' $ '" $ M(, ='395! '3 64$5 !Z, 3'4M"E ' '=9 !59 'B 5$8'B 64$5 , '3 ' '='Z ='3 4 5!, ' '8 S ' "( 64$5 , ' '=$9 ?E "( ?E4$ ' Y'#$. 2 ' $M N ' 8 M( 6 g6$"#(4 , S '?E '" 65( N ' 6 3(4 3' (3 "'#'. R' '8 5 $M 8, S ' &$5 $649(W! V = 3 !59 =$?'$ ! 6'65( "( ' '8 , S '?E " M"E ?E4 (?( 3("!# "$ 6' 3'6'4!5 6 9, 6 3' $&$ (4!5 6' M( 5'M# E
108
(=(3 " 8 $55 #"$A ...» <$= "$ 6(5!8$ M 6' 5"$9: '8([ 5 ' "$ =E4!A( &$ S(""E8 M(5 '8 ='b(55 '"$4!"'#' b' 5" $ ' $&E6$( V= 5 9[ B, =$3 M"EB ?$" "' ; "$ ?(&'? 3"'#' 6 3$ 5 '4 ( ' ' 59 Y ?4 9; 8$4!S 3(=M #'=9[ Z 56(S ; #= $ ?'='3$EV =(5 !9" #4$&(( 6 'S (4!"'8 'M 3$" ; '#3$ $55 #"$A 9 =(6=$[$( 59 6 '#"("" Z ?$?'S , =$&3$( 59 ?4$#'#'6(B"EB =' ' : b' 5" 4(#'"! ', "' N"(=# S"' ' =$( = , 6(="((, '3 W(S $4!A(6, ''8, S '- ' ='?'=8' $6, ' =E6$( Y ?4 Z, "$ (! 54'6"' b(" 5 & ( 4$, 6'&='3 6W((59 5' ='6 [(. k("&'= 6(4 '3 W"' 6ES(= " 4 6 (=6'8 &3$" N ' 5' , 58' =(6 6 "(8 "( 6$M(" ( =$6 (4!5 6 '=S 8'"( E, - 5'65(8 $ 'S (""E( '5'?E & «X(6 &'=$», '5 3 6W ( '=S #'5 3$=5 6(""'#' 8 [(5 6$ ($ 8(""' 5 4!(6) ? B"E8 S (498 3=(6"(B 5 '= . D$ V'S( 59 ='3'4M ! N ' 5=$6"(" ( - 6(3! 6 $ '8' 58E54( :'#'4! 6 «>E?=$""EV 8(5 $V» 54'6"' (=(6'4'[$( 59 6 '3"'#' & 56' V 6'5V (4!"' #=' (5 '6EV (=5'"$M(B. 7( "$3' W '4, "( "$3' " #, '4! ' E 3(=(6("5 B 569[("" - 6' 5 5 (8$ ='56([(" 9, ''= Z '" =(34$#$( '8([ . «R'-"$5 '9[(8 , (8 ("$='3 ) "( 54(3 ( &"$ !, (5 ! 4 $ (-" ? 3! 3= # ( " # , ='8( 569 EV»; «...?(= 5 5'?'B 569[("" $ '65Z3 ... S '?E 5"$S$4$ '" ?E4 = (?( 6 $S(5 6( '8'[" $...» %?=$&AE =( 'B = #$" , ' '= Z "$3' = 8("9 !, S '?E &$ ='" ! 4(" 6'#' =( '5 "'#' &$ M 6'(, = 6'39 59 6 3= #'8 '=$& (4!"'8 ' =E6 (. D$8 M( 6(4 S(5 6(""E( 6E 4(5 "( 8(5 "'B = '= - &4'?"EB 6E $3 6 $3=(5 "(&$3$S4 6'#' R'#'3 "$. \E "$V'3 8 $ ( $55$M , $ «3=9"! =9 $ 5 $4 659 S(4'6( » 4 «5'' (S(5 6("" !.. 5 =$W"'!..» - 5 " '"$A (B « '6$= [ !» 4 «?=$ (!», '4! ' ([( = &E6"((. <" #$ 6E&6$4$ '#4 W (4!"EB 5 $"3$4. %?[(5 6(""'( 8"(" ( 6 X'55 ?E4' 6 '5"'6( 56'(B 3(8' =$ S(5 8 , 5 $ , #4 ?' ' 'S $4' ;8(= . > 5(=(3 "( ='W4'#' 6( $ 5 [(5 6'6$4' "(5 '4! ' (S(" B '?[(5 6(""'B 8E54 , V' 9 5$8'( =$3 $4!"'( '&3"(( 6E='3 4'5! 6 S 3'6 ["' "E4'( "$='3" S(5 6', 8$= 5 &8, " (="$A '"$4 &8 ='S(( (S '?E ' '8, =$&6 6$95!,
109
='B "( &?(M"EB = # 3' #'5 3$=5 6(""'#' =( '5 " S(5 6$ =($ A '""'#' "$A '"$4 &8$), "(5'8"(""', S ' 6 #'#'4(65 Z N 'V «&$ $3" » =(35 $6494 5'?'B 4! =" Z 5 4 , 3$4( ' =(6'5V'39[ Z S 54(""' $S(5 6(""' 65( ', S ' 8'#4 5'?=$ ! =($ A '""E( 5 $='6(=E. R'N '8 , "$ = 8(=, "( 6 '4"( 5 =$6(34 6' =$558$ = 6$ ! Y(4 "5 '#' $ 65(#' 4 W! =(3W(5 6("" $ (V' 9 b 4'#("( S(5 '" 8, '"(S"', ?E4) (V 5$ (4(B 60-V 70-V ##., ' '=E( 9='5 "' 6(=M3$4 = 8$ '?[(5 6(""EV A(""'5 (B "$3 V 3'M(5 6(""E8 ; S ' '" '3=$& 8(6$4 '3 V 3'M(5 6(""'5 !Z, N ' 3= #'B 6' ='5; j(="EW(65 B R 5$=(6 '=M(5 6(""' 3'$&E6$4 , S ' 5$ ! S(?" 349 "$='3$ 6$M"((, S(8 = 5'6$ ! «8=$8'="E( '4'""E " 8b», ' (5 ! &$" 8$ !59 «S 5 E8 5 55 6'8». <5 $ , ' M( 5 $='8'3"EB 8( '3 - " &6(5 65( N5 ( S(5 ( A(""'5 3' ='6"9 56' V ?'# V =(35 $64(" B 5 '5'?"'5 "$= 5'6$ ! $ 6$=(4! , $ &$ (8 '?4 S$ ! « 5 55 6' 349 555 6$» 5 "$A '"$4!"'B, '4 S(5 'B 4 '?[('?E6$(4!5 'B 'S &=(" 9 - 6E#493 =$B"( '8 S"' "( ' '=EV 5'6=(8(""EV $8(= $"5 V = '6. C '4! "$ 6"'B " ?E4$ ?E '#=$" S(""'5 ! Y(4 "5 '#' 6 'A("( V 3'M(5 6(""EV =' &6(3(" B, "(#' $ #=$M3$" "$ 8E54 (49 ?E4' '=$& (4!"'( S !( "$ =$63 56'?'3 , ' '='( 8'#4$ '# ? ! '4! ' $= B"$9 ?'=!?$, $ '"$ ?E4$ '#3$ 4 W! 6 &$S$ (. > ' 6=(89 (#' S$W$ ?E4$ ([( "$ '4"("$ S 5 'B 64$#'B; '"$3'? 4$5! '8'[! i'?='4Z?'6$, R 5$=(6$ \ V$B4'65 '#', S '?E =(6=$ ! (( 6 $ (4!"EB ? 4!'" 349 5$8EV &4'6([ V 8 ='?'6. C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, :'#'4! 96"' ' 5 $4 ' 6( $ = "94 8$549" 5 EB "$4( "$ 4 M( &$ ' 5 '='""ZZ =$3 # . ^"$8(" '( 5!8' Y(4 "5 '#', 65 =E6$Z[(( 5 ! «>E?=$""EV 8(5 » («N "$3 Z "(' =9 " Z W 8 V 54'6 b=$&»), - ?4$#'='3"EB 3' 8(" . > "(8 (5 ! #'=9S ( "$ $3 "$ A$= &8, &-&$ S(#' =$5='5 =$"(" ( 5 5 '6 5!8$ 5 '=' 5 $4' $=$ !59 $'=M"E8 =$?' $8 6 C ? = . :'#'49, $ 6 3"', ?'4!W( 65(#' '#'=S 4 "$8( Y(4 "5 '#' "$ (#' &$ 5 6$" ( (=(3 36'=9"5 6'8 6 "$3(M3( "$ 8$ (= $4!" Z '8'[!. Y(4 "5 B, '"(S"', = "$34(M$4 =$&=93 «?(3"EV, "' #'=3EV», :'#'4! M( $ V= 5 $" " '5 M3$4 «#'=3E"Z».
110
7(58' =9 "$ ' ' = #$" , &3(6$ (4!5 6 '"'W(" B, '?= W 6W (59 "$ (#' " # 'S 5' 65(V 5 '='", :'#'4! 6"(W"( 6(4 5(?9 3'6'4!"' 8 M(5 6(""'. %" V' ! = &"$6$4, S ' " #$ ?E4$ &3$"$ « '3 64 9"!(8 5 =$V$ 58(= » S ' "(' E "'5 ! 6 '3'?"EV 5'S "(" 9V '?=$ 4$ 58 =(" ( 6 6E&E6$Z[ Z '& 5$8' 6(=(""'5 ( 4 , $ '" &$8( 4 6 3= #'8 8(5 (, «9 =$&8$V" 459 6 8'(B " #( $ 8 e4(5 $ '6E8...»), "' ='3'4M$4 6(=M3$ ! 5 "( =( 4'""'B 5 'B '5 !Z 8 S(" $, S ' " #$ (#' "('?V'3 8$ ' =(8 = S "$8: '"$ '&6'4 4$ ' $&$ ! 4Z398 (#' '34 ""'( 4 A', ' $&$4$ (8 8, S ' 5'?'B =(35 $649Z '" , 'S 5 4$ '?[(5 6("" Z $ 8'5b(= , 54'6"' #='&$. a 8 '", ' 5 [(5 6 , #'6'= 4, S ' 6E '4" 4 56'( "$8(=(" ( - '3#' '6 4 '?[(5 6(""'( 8"(" ( ' 6 '='B S$5 «\(= 6EV 3 W».
***
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b & S(5 'B 54$?'5 , 8'M"' 5S(5 ! '36 M" S(5 6'8: 5c(&3 4 6 2(= 5$4 8, S '?E '?=(5 $8 ', S ' ?E4' "('?V'3 8' 349 ? 3 [(B " # $&$" ( 56EW(, 5 4 6'=S(5 Z b$" $& Z; $ ?(5 4'3"$9 M("[ "$ 8'4 4$ 569 Z 3(6 ' =(?(" ( 6 =$5A6(S(""'8 5 8=$ ( 5=(3"(6( '6'#' V=$8$. 7(5 '4! ' 4( '" 65( ' 4$3E6$4 $4'8" S(5 6'; 3 V (#', $ '" #'6'= 4, ([( "( ?E4
111
N '8 #' '6; Y'# ([( N '#' "( 'M(4$4: %" 6'&36 #$4 (8 =( 9 5 6 9; "$3' ?E4' '?=(5 '5'?'( 3 V'6"'( 5'5 '9" ( ("(5 '4! ' "$ '8 "$Z[(( $ '4 S(5 Z «?4$#'3$ !»), S '?E '?(5 (S ! 8$ 5 8$4!"EB 5 (V N '8 (5'6(=W(""' 9&ES(5 '8 ) =(3 = 9 Z; ?'4(( '#', :'#'4Z =(?'6$459 "$3(M"EB 5 " , ' '=EB "( 5 $4 ?E (8 3' S$ !, ?E4 ?E 8'4S$4 6 4 =$&#'6'=S 6 5'' 6( 5 6(""' (=(8("S 6'8 "$5 ='(" Z $4'8" $, $ '#3$ '"$3'? 59, ' 4$5 '6'B = 'B '3' " 4 ?E 3'='M"EB 4(3. 7' '#3$ 6 9"6$=( 1848 #. '" "$ '"(A ' 6$M 459 "$ N "(?(&' $5" Z '(&3 , =$55S E6$ ! "$ (( 5 (V ?E4' $ M( 8$4' '5"'6$" B, $ 6 4Z?'( 3= #'( 6=(89. i'?=$9 5 $=$9 3$8$ 7$3(M3$ 7 '4$(6"$ l(=(8( (6$, '3"$ & 5$8EV 6(="EV 5 S"EV '==(5 '"3(" ' :'#'49 ('" '5 '9""' 8'4 4 5! ' 5 $5(" 3 W 3= # 3= #$), ='6'3 4$ (#' 3' 8'5 '65 'B &$5 $6E. Y 8$# :'#'49 ?E4 "$6(="9 $ 6 '4"'8 '=93 (, '3"$ ' (8 'S(8 - ' "( V' (4'5!, S '?E V ='6(=94 , 569 '( $4'8" S(5 6' "$S$4'5! 5 '3"'B & (V 8=$S"EV 8 5 b $A B, ' '=E( '" "(=(3 ' =$&E#=E6$4 5 '4 A (B. < 5'M$4(" Z, 6 "(( ?E4$ 6 9" $ 5 $=$9 3$8$. f &$5 $6E '"$ 'A(4'6$4$ $4'8" $, =$&=$& 4$5! 54(&$8 '5(" 4$ (#' =(5 '8, ' S(#' '" =$B"( =$5S 65 6'6$459. > N 8 " "(#' 5 ='5 4 3' 8(" E; S "'6" M(4$4 &"$ !, ' 8(""' ' c(&M$( . «>' N $ 5 $= W $!» - &$= S$4 :'#'4! $ 4 6 56'(B '495 (, '5 $6 6 #'5 'M l(=(8( (6 6 ?'4!W'8 &$ = 3"(" . \$ (= 56'(B '" '54$4 5 (A $4!" Z 8'4 6 , ' '= Z 8(5 "'8 569[("" "$34(M$4' =' &"(5 6 A(= 6 . > N 'B 8'4 6( :'#'4! ='5 4 :'5 '3$ ?(=(S! (#' "$ >'5 ' ( ' =$&?'B" '6 ' 8'=5 'B ?'4(&" 6' 6=(89 (=((&3$ ' 8'=Z. :'5 '3! "( 6"94 6 '='B ='5!?(: 8(M3 7($ '4(8 \$4! 'B "$ 6(= 496'8 $='V'3 ( «<$ = » :'#'49 $ =6$4', S ' $55$M =E ='5 ' '=$M$4 5!. C6(3(" 9 ' 5$8'8 $4'8" S(5 6( 6(5!8$ 8$""E, (54 ?E "( '($ ( 'b A $4!"E( 3' $&$ (4!5 6$ '#', S ' '"' 3(B5 6 (4!"' 5'5 '94'5!, 8'M"' ?E4' ?E =(3 '4'M !, S ' :'#'4! 6E3 8$4 N ' (W(5 6 (, $ M( $ =$"!W( 6E3 8$4 '(&3 6 25 $" Z. <'#3$ #'3 &$ #'3'8 6(=3 W! ' 56'(8 "$8(=(" S '- ' 53(4$ ! (?( M( 'W"' ' '#', S ' " $ "( 8'M(W! "$ N ' =(W !59, #'=$&3'
112
='[( ?(3 ! 65(V, S ' E M( N ' 5'6(=W 4 #' M( = 9 "' &$?E ! "$ '"(A 65Z 5 '= Z!
3' S(-
«j ' 8'# 3'5 $6 ! (?( 8' 5'""E( 6 (S$ 4(" 9? > 3(4 9, $ 6' 5"(, N &(84Z» ( & 5!8$ h '65 '8 ). \E 8(4! '8 6 3 8, $ '" 6 5 E"( 55'= 59 5' 56' 8 5 " '8 Y$& 4 . :3(- ' 6 C$8$= '" 5'=6$4 &4$ 'A6( , #3(- ' 6 :$4 4(( - 8$ ( $9 58 "EB " (=(5 ?' $" ( '3'?"' X 55'). > 7$&$=( ( W(4 3'M3!, '" V'(4 ' "(#' 5 =9 $ !59 « ='5 3(4 36$ 3"9, '&$?E6, S ' 5 M 6 7$&$=( ( ("$ 5 $8(B (, '3 ' '='B "$W4$ ?(M [( = A$), 'S"' $ ?E N ' 54 S 4'5! 6 X'55 "$ 5 $"A ». C69[(""E( 8(5 $, ' '=E( '" '5( 4, "( 54 4 5! 5 V 8 5 S(5 8 3($4!"E8 '?=$&'8 6 (#' 3 W(, 6 =(& 4! $ ( C69 $9 ^(849 = "(54$ (#' 3 W( ( (#' " #() $ M( 8$4' '4!&E, $ "(8(A ( 5$"$ '= - (#' (4 .
***
>
(S(" ( '54(3" V 3(59 4( 56'(B M &" :'#'4! '="' 6E"$W 6$4 &$8E5(4 ='3'4M(" 9 «\(= 6EV 3 W». %" =$ 4 6'4W(?" Z 5 '5'?"'5 ! 6'= ! M &"! & " S(#'; (#' 6''?=$M(" Z =(?'6$459 #' '6EB 8$ (= $4 349 '?=$?' , ' '8 S ' "(#' ([( V6$ $4' 5 4 "$ ', S '?E '6 '=9 ! 5(?9; V' 9 '" M( "( 8'# 5'&3$ ! 5'6(=W(""' "'6EB 8 =, $ 6 (=6'B S$5 , '" "$3(9459 5 '4!&'6$ ! M( $"6 , 6EW 6 "$ "(B "'6EB &'= - $ 8(""' '3S " 6 " # ' =(3(4(""'B &$3$S(, ' '=$9 ' 5 5 6'6$4$ 6 (=6'B S$5 , $ ( (=!, $&$4'5!, "( '4! ' 5 $4$ 36 M [(B 5 4'B, "' (=6'B S$5 5''?[$4$ &$3" 8 S 54'8 "('?V'3 8EB 58E54. R'8 8' 4 S"EV '5'?(""'5 (B :'#'49, =' '6 Z ='4! 5E#=$4' 349 "(#' '3"' V'39S(( &$?4 M3(" (. R 5$ (4! '# ?, '#3$ (#' "$S "$Z &$" 8$ ! $ ( 6' ='5E, $ «S ' $ '( 5 55 6'?» «6 S(8 3'4# 5$ (49?». :'#'4! =(W 4, S ' A(4! 4 (=$ =E - 6=$S(6$ ! ?'4!"E( 3 W , 65(499 6 " V '[ [(" ( #$=8'" ' '9. @(S(" ( 3'4M"' ?E4' 6 4ZS$ ! 5 4!" Z 3'& 3 3$ . %"
113
"$8(=(6$459 &'?=$& ! ' (S(5 6(""E( "(3'5 $ ' (S(5 6(""E( 3'?='3( (4 $ 8 8$"(='8, S '?E S $(4! 8'# =( !59 6 '54(3" V, &?$64995! ' (=6EV. > "$S$4( 56'(B =$?' E "$3 ='3'4M(" (8 «\(= 6EV 3 W» '" 5'? =$459 6E6(5 56' V (=5'"$M(B "( « =(=$5"E8 V$=$ (=$8 », "' ?'4(( « = "E8 », S(8 6 (=6'B S$5 . >E=$M$95! "$ 54$3 '8 M$=#'"( &3$ (4(B =(A("&(" '6, '" M(4$4 = 3$ ! 8 ?'4!W( «S(4'6(S(5 '#' '?$9" 9». R 5$ ! ='8$"E #=(W"', (54 $6 '= ' S( 4 6' "( =$5 =E4 56'(B «5 8 $ » '3" 8 (=5'"$M$8 « = S(5 '#' ' "'W(" 9» 3= # 8. i$ $ 95"', S ' 3$M( 5$8EB 5 ='8"EB S $ (4! ( =(3 'S $Z[ B " # 6 b'=8( 3 $4'#'6 5 8 " 8 8'8 «' 5$" B», ' '8 S ' =$&#'6'=E - N ' «M &"!») 'B8( , "$ S!Z 5 '='" '" 3'4M(" 5 $ !. :'#'4! '?([$4 S $ (4Z, ' (5 ! 56'(8 6''?=$M$(8'8 S $ (4Z, 5''?[ ! b$ E. %", ' (#' 54'6$8, =(35 $6 = 55 V 4Z3(B "( S(=(& «8(4'S », ' (5 ! S$5 "E( S(= E ' 3(4!"EV ='3'6, "( S(=(& 5$8'3'6'4!"E( V 'W4'5 S 3$S(5 6$, "( S(=(& '[ "5 6' 4 S"'#' $6 '=5 '#' 6 3(" 9, $ $ 8 5 '5'?'8, S '?E « =(35 $4 $ ?E "(6'4!"' 6(5! = 55 B S(4'6( , 5' 65(8 =$&"''?=$&!(8 ?'#$ 5 6 3$='6, 3'5 $6W V59 "$ (#' 3'4Z...». 2"$S( #'6'=9, «8(= 6E( 3 W » 5 $" «M 6E8 3 W$8 ». %?([$" ( :'#'49 (3$ 4Z?'#' 3= #'#' 5$ (49 5 $ 8 M( $# ?"E8 "$8(=(" 98 ) 8'M"' 6E=$& ! 54'6$8 ' ='[(: 9 6''?=$& 4 5(?( 6 (=6'B S$5 '3 " 8 =, $ ( (=! 6''?=$M 3= #'B, 'S"(( ' 6(S$Z[ B (8 '"9 98 ' 3'?=( &4(, ' '=EV ?'4(( 4 8("(( 5'&"$(4!"' = 3(=M 6$Z 59 8' 6''?=$M$(8E( S $ (4 . f5 (V 6 '3'?"EV 54 S$9V ( ' 49="EV ='8$" 5 '6 ='S V) =98' &$6 5 ' '#', "$5 '4! ' =(35 $64(" ( $6 '=$ ' «S $ (49V» 5'' 6( 5 6 ( '?[( = "9 '8 , ' (5 ! 6ǭ S $ (4(B "$ 5$8 V 5(?9, = 4(M"' 6" W$(8'8 &3$ (498 = '8'[ =(# 49="' '5 $649(8'B 85 6(""'B M6$S . %3"$ ' '4'M(" ( :'#'49 ?E4' "( $ 8 M ='5 E8, 6'- (=6EV, ' '8 , S ' &$3 8$""$9 " #$ 3'4M"$ ?E4$ 5 $ ! S(8- ' 6='3( =(4 # '&"'#' ' ='6(" 9, $ 6'-6 '=EV, ' '8 , S ' 6''?=$M$(8EB S $ (4! 3'4M(" ?E4 "( '4! ' 6'5V [$ !59 =$&4 S"E8 '3='?"'5 98 N '#' ' ='6(" 9, "' '4 S ! 8'=$4!" Z '33(=M , '?4$#'='3 !59 3$M(
114
6'&='3 !59 '3 6'&3(B5 6 (8 " # . 7$ ?'4!W$9 = 3"'5 ! 5'5 '94$ 6 '8, S '?E 5'68(5 ! 8$ (= $4 (=6'B S$5 , ' '=EB 5 'S &=(" 9 '?E6$ (49 5'3(=M$4 '3" «"('?ES"'5 » ( ' '=E8 :'#'4Z, '3"$ ', = V'3 4'5! '4!&'6$ !59, ' '8 S ' '" M( "( 8(4 5'&3$ ! "'6 Z V 3'M(5 6("" Z $"!), 5 S(8- ' 6='3( 6'&6EW(""'B =' '6(3 , 8' '8=$S (4!"E( '?=$&AE ' '='B '" 3$4 6 «>E?=$""EV 8(5 $V». 2 V' 9 (#' (=6'"$S$4!"E8 "$8(=(" (8 ?E4' 6E6(5 56' V (=5'"$M(B "( « =( =$5"E8 V$=$ (=$8 », $ « = "E8 », 6 '8 58E54(, S ' '" 3'4M"E ?E4 6E=$M$ ! 65( ?'#$ 5 6' = 55 V 5 =$5 (B, "$5 ='(" B 3($4'6, '" '5 ( (""' 6E95" 4, S ' N « = "E(» "$ =E, 6EV'39[ ( &- '3 (#' (=$, &$$S $"E "( =('3'4 8E8 «"('?ES"'5 98 », ' '=E8 V '3$= 4$ = ='3"$9 5=(3$ 6" =(""(( 5='35 6' 5 'W8$="E8 '8([ $8 (#' (=6'#' 6'=(" 9. C4(3'6$ (4!"', (3 "5 6(""EB 6EV'3 - N ' 5'&3$ ! 3= # Z, S M3 Z 8 #= (=5'"$M(B, ' '=E( ? 3 96"' "(36 58E54(""' «V'='W 8 », ?' 4Z?$9 ' E $ '?'#$[(" Z V V$=$ (='6 "( &?(M"' =(6=$ V 6 ( M( = S 34 6E( '?=$&E, $ 8 5 $4 "( 6 '4"( 3'?='3((4!"E( #(=' ?4$#'3$=9 56' 8 &4'5S$5 "E8 =$='3 (498. <'#3$ 6 1847 #. b$"$ S"EB = 55 B 569[("" ' (A \$ 6(B, '?4$3$6W B =$5"'=(S (8 2'$""$ ^4$ ' 5 $ = 5$8'8 (8"'8 5=(3"(6( '6'8 & 6(=5 6(, ='5 4 :'#'49 ?='5 ! &$"9 9 4 (=$ ='B &$"9 !59 ?'#' #'3"E8 3(4'8, $ 8, "$ = 8(=, $ '3#' '6 $ 56'(B 3 W (=(V'3 6 8 = "'B ' ='#=$88(, 5'5 $64(""'B (8 M( ' A'8 \$ 6((8 (8 '3'?"E8 , :'#'4! &' 65(V 5 4 5 $=$459 =$&c95" ! 56' 8 '==(5 '"3(" $8, $ 8 '4'M (4!"E8 ?E4 ?E '4'M (4!"E( (=5'"$M «\(= 6EV 3 W», (54 ?E '4! ' A(= '6! =$&=(W 4$ (8 '33$ !59 'B ' =(?"'5 5$ !, ' '= Z 6" W 4 (8 Y'# ' 5( =( ' ' A$ \$ 6(9. «X$&6( "( 8'M( 5$(4! 6 &$" 8$ (4!"'B '6(5 &'?=$& ! M 6E( = 8(=E 4Z3(B 4 SW V, S(8 $ V &'?=$M$Z 3= # ( 5$(4 , - =(35 $6 ! V $ M 6', $ M 6' 5(A? R= 8(=E 5 4!"(( =$55 M3(" 9; " M"' '4! ' 349 N '#' 5$ (4Z 8( ! =(M3( 5$8'8 53(4$ !59 3'?=E8 #'3 ! M &"!Z 56'(B 5 '4! '-" ? 3! Y'# . d ?E "( '3 8$4 ' 5$ (4!5 6(, (54 ?E "( ?E4' ( (=! $ 'B '-
115
65(8(5 "'B 'V' E S (" Z 659 '#' ='3$ ='8$"'6 '6(5 (B, ?'4!W(Z S$5 Z 5'?4$&" (4!"EV ?(&"=$65 6(""EV, "' ' '=E( S $Z 59 '4! ' ' '8 , S ' "$ 5$"E 64( $ (4!"' "( ?(& $4$" $. ; 9, 8(9 $4$" , 8(9 &'?=$M$ ! M 6' 4Z3(B = ='3 ... =$&6( 9 "( '?9&$" &'?=$& ! 5 =$6"'Z 64( $ (4!"'5 Z 4Z3(B 3'?=EV, 6(= Z[ V M 6 [ V 6 &$ '"( Y'M (8? >' 6$8 (5 $M ' ='6(""') = S "$ 8'(#' 5$ (4!5 6$, $ "( 3("!# "( 54$6$». YE4' ?E, '"(S"', 58(W"' =(3 '4$#$ !, S ' :'#'4! '=$ 4 3(59 ! 4( '4! ' "$ ', S '?E "$ 5$ ! " # , #'3" Z A(= 6 . 7$ 5$8'8 3(4( '" E $459 5'&3$ ! " # , #'3" Z :'#'4Z-V 3'M" :'#'4Z-569 'W(. g#' 3'" 8$4$ 8E54!, S ' 6(3! 6(4 8 $4!9"5 8 V 3'M" $8 3$6$4'5! N ' 3(4$ ! 5"'6$ 5"'6$; ='V4$3$ 8'"$5 E=5 'B '? (4 , 6!Z[ (59 ' 5 ("$8 ='&E, &8'M3(""EB S(4'6( 6 (=8'4 (, 5 9Z[ (, 56(M ( =$5 b=(5 , "$3 ' '='B '" = 3 59 - 6' $ =$?'S$9 '?5 $"'6 $, ' ' '='B 8(S $4 :'#'4!. ^$ '"S(""E( «\(= 6E( 3 W » 3'4M"E ?E4 ='M3$ ! = 6&$ 8'569&$""EV '?=$&$: =(5 4(" 9, "$ $&$" 9 5 4(" 9. i'5 #" ! N 'B A(4 ?E4' "(6'&8'M"' "( '4! ' ' '8 , S ' "( '6 '= 8EB #(" B :'#'49, (54 ?E '" 3$4 5(?( 6'4Z, "( =(8(""' 54'8$4 ?E 4Z? Z = 6ES" Z 5V(8 , "' ' '8 , S ' $6 '= "$69&$4 #4$6" Z ='4! #=(W" $ $ 'B 4 S"'5 ((54 j S '6$ 8'M"' "$&6$ ! 4 S"'5 !Z), ''=$9 3' 58(W"'#' (B "( 5'' 6( 5 6'6$4$ '8 M( 6=$[$4$5! 6 'B 5=(3(, #3( $ '#' '"9 9, $ 5 $5(" ( 3 W , ='5 ' "( 5 [(5 6'6$4'. C 8 $ S"EB 569[("" ?E4 ?E $ M( "(6'&8'M(" 5=(3 #'#'4(65 V (=5'"$M(B (=6'#' '8$, $ gauloiseries [6'4!"E( W , 5 $?=(&"'5 (b=$"A.)] y R$5 $49 4 A $ $ & D'=' 6 '54(3"(B =(S C $4 "$. > 5S $""EV #4$6$V 6 '='B S$5 , ' '=E( 5'V=$" 4 5!, 8$# S(5 B = 5 $44 :'#'49 '8 "(4, j S '6 V' ! '5 $459 (6 ?'4!W(B 8(=(, S(8 8'M"' ?E4' 'M 3$ !) A(" =$4!"'B b # ='B, "' $ - ' 6E $4 & b' 5$. > N V #4$6$V (5 ! =93 6(4 '4( "EV 5 '6, "' '" 4 W! ' &6 (=6'B " # . ; '#3$ '9649Z 59 '4'M (4!"E( (=5'"$M - ?(=(M4 6EB '8([ , =$6(3"EB (A, ?'#' '3'?"EB "9&!, - ' 5'&3$( 59 6 (S$ 4(" (,
116
? 3 ' 5'6(=W(""' '5 '='"" ( 4Z3 5 '4 4 5!, S '?E &$"9 ! ='3 6$(8EB 5 6'&"9 $8 3'8, #3( 6 "E4'8 ?(5 '=93 ( (5"9 59 = 6ES"E( 6([ . <$ 9 M( #'6'= 4, M 4!" S(5 ( ='3(4 j S '6$ - N ' 65(#' 4 W! b$" '8E, $='3 9 "$ =(5 4(" (, $ ' '8 "(6'&8'M"' " $ '( «=($4!"'(» "$ $&$" ( - '"' &6=$ 4' ?E 5$8 3(Z " # . «R'4'M (4!"E( 4 A$» b$4!W 6E, ' '8 S ' "('=#$" S"E 349 8 =$ :'#'49, 659 $9 569&! 8(M3 " 8 j S '6E8 =(M( 54 V =$&3=$M$( . g54 :'#'4! 6 5$8'8 3(4( "$ 5$4 S$5 ! '? 5 4(" , #3( « '4'M (4!"EB 569[("" » (5 $ '4 S(5 8 "$4( '8) 5 $5$( 3 W j S '6$ 6 #4 ? "( C ? = (5 [(5 6 Z '?=E6'S"E( 56(3(" 9, S ' :'#'4! & S$4 5 ? =5 Z b4'= ' R$44$5 , 3$?E &'?=$& ! " M"EB b'"), (54 j S '6 ?E4' 5 M3("' ' '"S ! 56' 3" 6 $S(5 6( &8'M3(""'#' 8'"$V$ 6 3$4!"(8 8'"$5 E=(, ' "(3 6 (4!"', S ' '54(3"(( '&$=(" (, '54(3"99 65 EW $ V 3'M(5 6(""'B =$63E &$5 $6 4$ 5$ (49 " S 'M ! '"(A «\(= 6EV 3 W». % (A \$ 6(B 8'# '=$3'6$ !59, S ' "(&$3'4#' 3' 58(= :'#'4! ' =( 59 ' 4 (=$ =E; "' '=' $9 65 EW $ '#"9, ' '= Z 8'M"' ?E4' ?E 5S(5 ! 3' $&$ (4!5 6'8 5 86'4'8 N '#' ' =(S(" 9, "$ 3(4( 6E=$M$4$ 5'65(8 '?=$ "'(: '#3$, = #" 6W 5! '#"Z, '" =E3$4 6'&4( 'B (S (#3(? - 6'='W$( 8'B &3$ (4!; 6 \'5 6(), #3( ?E4 " S 'M("E 4'3E 8"'#'4( "(#' = 3$, (8 M( ?E4' 95"', S ' ' '"S(""$9 " #$ =(3$6$4$ (#' #(" B; j S '6, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E "$?'M"' #$5$ ! 6 3(=(69""'B S$5'6"( 5=(3 5 ='6EV (4(B "$ ?(=(# 4(#("3$="'#' '&(=$, ?E4 6'&6=$[(" 56'(B = ='3"'B 5 V - 5 " 8 '#'"! $8 3'8$W"(#' ( 4$.
j "'6" "(4!&9 5 $&$ ! S '?E 'S("! &$8(S$ (4!"EB, " &("! '#' ='5 $, "(5 '4! ' =9?'6$ , "(5 '4! ' =EM(-
117
6$ , "(5 '4! ' 3$M( "$ 6 3 '354( '6$ , 5 "(?'4!W'B 4E5 "'B "$ 4? , 5 8'=[ "$8 ' '?( 8 5 '='"$8 [( A6( '8 4 A$ S ' "$&E6$( 59 #(8'==' 3$4!"E8... O$8 4 9 S "'6" $ ?E4$ Y$W8$S ". fM( ' 5$8'8 8(" 6 3"', S ' '"$ '#3$- ' =' &'W4$ ' ?$W8$ $; "' '#3$, 6 $ '( 6=(89 $ 8 '?=$&'8 =' &'W4$ '"$ ' ?$W8$ $, " S(#' N '#' "( &6(5 "'. 2 ' (A, 3(3, 3$M( W = ", 65( 5'6(=W(""' Y$W8$S "E V'3 4 6 5$'#$V, (=(8("99 '4! ' =$&$ = 6 #'3 '38( ».
***
:'#'4! ?E4 5 =$""E8 5'&3$" (8, "' #(" B 65(#3$ 5 =$"("; '4! ' &3'='6$9 '5=(35 6(""'5 ! $M( 59 ?4$#'='3"'8 S $ (4Z 8 3=E8 5 $=E8 3= #'8, 4Z?(&"' '?'#$[$Z[ 8 (#', S $ (49, =(35 $64(" 9 ' M &" . >(4 $9 4 (=$ =$ 3( ' =$Z ==$A '"$4!"'#'. «:$84( » - ?(& 8"'( 5"'6 3(" ( S("'#' "(6=' $. «l "(4!» :'#'49 - #=' (5 8=$S"EB 'W8$=, ='? 6$Z[ B S(="E( 3E=E 6 58 "'B $= "( M &" . R'6(=V"'5 "EB S $ (4! 6 3 6 N '8 =$55 $&( 4 W! 9M(4'6(5"E( M 8 5 8$5?='3"'#' W $; #4 ?' '8E54(""EB "( 5'8" 59 6 '8, S ' #4$6"'( "$8(=(" ( :'#'49 ?E4' '?4 S ! M$5E = 55 'B ?Z=' =$ . 7' ' , ' V'S( 654$5 ! '58(9 !59, ' , ' M$M3( S (" 9, ' '='( «&$5 $649( &$3 8$ !59», "( 'B8 , ' S(8 M( "$ 5$"$ «l "(4!». R'3$B ( 8"( S $ (49 5 6'=S(5 8 6''?=$M(" (8 - N $ '6(5 ! 349 "(#'. f=$6"'6(W(""EB R W ", &(8"'B D'45 'B, 53(=M$""EB j(V'6 65(V " V ?E6$4 8 " E ==$A '"$4!"'#' ='&=(" 9, ' '=E( '3"'6=(8(""' &$ (8"94 b=$& 65 =E6$4 $B"EB 58E54, &$54 M 6$Z[ B N 'B 6"(&$ "'B 58("E 'S &=(" 9. 7' :'#'49 $ ( 536 # - 5$8$9 '5"'6$ (#' 5 55 6$, 'N '8 '#3$ '" E $459 5$ ! ' = #4E8 'S(= '8 4 (=$ ="'B =$3 A =$558$ = 6$ ! =$A '"$4!"E( 3( 4'# S(5 , '" (=94 3$M( = &"$ 56'(#' $4$" $. <'#3$ M( 6 ?(558(= "'B «l "(4 » '" 3$4 5(?( 6'4Z '=(&6 !59 "$ =$Z #4 ?'' 4 S"'B =' $5 , '" 5 $4 5$8E8 6(4 8 5$ (4(8,
118
' '='#' 3' 5 V '= =' &6(4$ X'55 9. >"(&$ "'( 58([(" ( =$A '"$4!"'B M &"(""'B 4'5 '5 8'M( ?E ! '5 [(5 64("' =$&4 S"E8 5 '5'?$8 , $M3EB 6(4 B 5$ (4! 3(4$( N ' '-56'(8 . :'#'4! 3'? 6$459 (#' '8? "$A (B 36 V 36 M(" B: =E6 $ $=(" 9. R=(35 $6! ( 5(?( 4Z , ' '=EB ' =E459 6$5 '3 "'#$8 5 "(4( 'B 6"(&$ "'5 !Z, 4 = S(5 B '=E6, ''=EB 6$5 6'&"(5, $ ' '8 ='" 4 6 5'5(3"ZZ 3E= . ;?5 =3 ?E4 4Z? 8'B 8 &'B :'#'49, "' '#3$ 9 ' =(?49Z (=8 " «$?5 =3», 9 "( 8(Z 6 6 3 " = S 34 6'(, " '8 S(5 '(. f $?5 =3"'#' 5 '4! ' M( ' (" '6 5 ( ("(B, 5 '4! ' =$# S(5 '#', - ?'4(( '#', :'#'49 '"' #=$" S 5 =$# S(5 8. YE4' ?E "( =$6 4!"' 6(=M3$ !, ? 3 ' :'#'4! 5 $6 56' V (=5'"$M(B 6 $?5 =3"E( '4'M(" 9. >E "( 8'M( ( '5 $6 ! S(4'6( $ 6 $?5 =3"'( '4'M(" (, (54 6(5! 8 =, 6 ' '='8 '" M 6( , $?5 =3("; "( 8'M( (, (54 '3=$& 8(6$ ! '3 54'6'8 «$?5 =3"EB» "(S ', 6E&E6$Z[(( 58(W' 4 'M$ ( 4(S. 7' (54 '3 N 8 '" 8$ ! "(S ', 6E&E6$Z[(( M$4'5 !, ' (5 ! '" 8$ ! '4'M(" (, 6 ' '='8 "$V'3 59 S(4'6( , (54 '" 8$ ! '3 N 8 65(, S ' 6 8("(( ='34 6'8 8 =( 569&$"' 5 5$8E8 6E5' 8 5 =(84(" 98 S(4'6( $, 5 #4 ?'S$BW 8 (#' 5 =$3$" 98 , 5 5$8E8 5 4!"E8 5 =$5 98 , - '#3$ 6'&" $( " M"$9 ?=(W!, M$4 '( 5 [(5 6', &$ (=9""'( 6 'W8$="'8, ?(&' 6( 5 6(""'8 #'#'4(65 '8 8 =(, 5 $"'6 59 «$?5 =3"E8» ' &$ '" , $ 5 $&$ !, '?=$ "'#' '" =$5 $. 7$ =EW ( $?$ (= '= "'#' ?E4 « '= =( $ '#'' #("(=$4$, $ '#' 8(""', "( &6(5 "', ' '8 S ' 8(5 ', #3( "$V'3 4'5! 4 A', ?E4' =' " ' $4!A(8 ''8 &$ 4(("' S( 6(=' #'4!"E8 4'5 'S '8 ? 8$M ». >' $ 5 $?5 =3"'5 !Z ; $ 9 ; $ (6 S$ Y$W8$S "$. \E "( 'M 3$4 , S ' 5=(3 = #'6'=' $ 8$5' '3"$ & " V ' $M( 59 '34 ""E8 4 A'8 4 V' 9 ?E (8 8(5 '8, #3( 3'4M"' "$V'3 !59 4 A'. C ! S(4'6(S(5 6$ ==$A '"$4!"' 6E6'3 59 & V$'5$ 8" 8'5 (B, ' '=E( 5'5 $649Z 8 = :'#'49. ; $ B ; $ (6 S $?5 =3(" ' '8 , S ' '" =$# S(", ' '8 , S ' '" S(4'6( , ' '8 , S ' '" ?E4 '='M3(" (8 5$8E8 5 4$8 , ' '=E( "$V'39 59 6 $ '8 '" =$5 ( 5 (#' S(4'6(S"'5 !Z. %" "( '4! ' S(4'6(S(" =$# S(". %" "(S ' ?'4!W((, 'S"' $ M( $ b'" (#' "( ='5 ' "(4( . :3(- ' &$ 'S(6 3"E8 '" =$5 '8 ='( 59 '" $9
119
"E8 '" =$5 '8 ='( 59 '" $9 4 " 9 5='35 6$. > (#' (=5'"( ' M( =( ( 8(=A$" (, S ' 6 = &=$S"'8 8 =(, ' '='8 '" = "$34(M . 7$8( "$ S '- ', 5 =E '( &$ #= ?' =$&= 5'6$""E8 W =8$8 , $ 5 5"' 6 =$ 4("E 6' 6"(W"ZZ $"! '6(5 6'6$" 9, S ' #=$M3$"5 6(""' 8E54 6W ( = 55 ( 5'6(=W(""' V 5 4 . 7' 6'=S(5 '( ='S (" ( '6(5 :'#'49 ' =E6$( , S ' $8 598 6 5$8'8 "(6 ""'8 ' 5$" ' 4 "'( 54'6', "'#3$ ='5 ' "$=(S ( 4 S$5 A$, "$ = 8(= 54'6$ «3$M(» « 'S », 6 5$"E $ , S ' 5$8$9 ?(&6=(3"$9 b=$&$ 63= # 6&=E6$( 59 'W8$="E8 b(B(=6(='8; 4 M( (= '3, ' '=EB "$S "$( 59 6 "(569&"'B, =$&#'6'="'B 8$"(=(, 63= # 5V'3 5 =(4!5'6 56'=$S 6$( 6 "(S ' ==$A '"$4!"'(, #3( (8 , 6 5 ["'5 , 8(5 '; 4 $ M( 6"(&$ "' =$5 $V 6$( 59 36(=!, 6 "(( 6=E6$( 59 8'# S B ("9[ B59 6$4 'N& , S '?E M( 'B "$ 5" M(" (, 4 '?=$ !59 6 5$8' $='3 Z, 4 ='=6$ !59 b=$&'B, 'V'M(B "$ 5 '='#'6'= b'5" $, ' '=$9 $ V$=$ (="$ 349 5 49 :'#'49. a ' 5'&3$( '[ [(" ( S(#'- ' 58(V' 6'="'#' 6 ' M( 6=(89 "(&3(W"(#', '5 '9""' $9[(#'59 #3(- ' =93'8, 8(5 "' 65 '8" !, S ' =$&" A$ 8(M3 '8 S(5 'B 5 '='"'B 6([(B V '58 S(5 'B 5 '='"'B &$6 5 ' '3"'B 56 5 9[(B 5'#4$5"'B.
***
D$ S ' M( 5'?'B =(35 $649( ' 5 =$""EB 8 =, ='?4(5 ' '='#' 8E 4'6 8 6 =$&=E6$V "(6 ""EV 5 6 3 b=$&? > S(8- ' '" '34 ""EB, "' "$8 $M( 59 3'"(4!&9 $?5 =3"E8, $ "$8 = 6ES"E 3( '=$A , ' '=E( (#' = =E6$Z . >' & N V ='?4(5 '6 ='5 $( #4$6"EB (=5'"$M «l "(4 », ='? B 8$4("! B S "'6" , '4 A( 6'=9( 3 V N '#' $B"'#', "' '34 ""'#' 8 =$, ' '=EB ='=E6$( 59 5 6'&! 5 4! :'#'49. %", N ' ='?B 8$4("! B S "'6" , - = &=$ , #'5 ! & $ V- ' =$# S(5 V #4 ? ", ' '=EB "("$=' '8 = "94 4 S " 8(4 '#' S "'6" $. X 55 ( ='#=(55 6"E( = 'S 65 6'6$4 6 "(8 '?=$& S(4'6( $ #"( (""'#', " M("-
120
"'#', 659 '6(5 ! '=$& 4$ V 56' 8 5'A $4!"E8 '?4 S(" (8. 7' '6(5 ! #'=$&3' &"$S (4!"(( N '#'. R='6$4E & 9" 9 6 $" #'#'4(65 '#' 5 49 5'' 6( 5 6 Z =$&=E6$8 6 $" 5$8'B M &" . j '- ' 'S("! 3 ="' 5 ='("' 6 8 =(, $ 4Z3 - ='5 ' V' '8(W$""E(, '" 5 =(89 59 A(4 , ' '=$9 $M( 59 8 'S("! 6$M"'B, 6 ' 6=(89 $ $?5 =3"'-4'# S(5 $9 5 4$ 3(=M 6$( V &$ " '8 "( " M"E8 &$"9 98 - 6' 5 ""$9 « 3(9» '6(5 . > 8 =( [( E, [( "'#' 58 =(" 9 [( "'#' #'5 '35 6$ 6E5W$9 5 ( ("! '#', S(#' 8'# 3'5 S! 5 =$5 !, M(4$" (, 6'=S(5 B 8 4!5 - N ' "'6$9 W "(4!, (=(3 ' '='B =( 4'"9 '4(" '= "E( &$$&S . d "( #'6'=Z ' "=$65 6(""'B '& A 4 "=$65 6(""'8 ' S(" . > $ '8 8 =( "( 8'M( ?E ! "=$65 6(""'#' ' S(" 9, ' '8 S ' $8 "( " S(" '6, " S (4(B; 8 = N ' (5 !, '" 5 4ZS$( 65(, S ' 8'M( (#' =$&= W !, 'N '8 659 '( 5'6(=W("5 6'6$" (, 659 $9 ?'=!?$, 659 $9 "=$65 6(""$9 A(4! 4 5 4 ( (( 3'5 S! $ M( "(8E54 8E, $ &8("(" ( &6(&3"'B '=? E. a ' 8 = :'#'49, $ $ '6'B '" 5'6(=W(""' ' 4 S(" ' 8 =$ D'45 '#', R W "$, j(V'6$ 4 8'(#' 5'?5 6(""'#'. 7' ' ='S (" :'#'49 #4$&$ 8'# #'#'4 & ='6$ !59, S(4'6( '='B 3$( 59 6 3( ! '?=E6 (#' 8 =$ 6 5$8EV "('M 3$""EV 8(5 $V. d '?c(V$4 8"'M(5 6' 5 =$", "(S ' 6='3( W "(4 ; $ 9 ; $ (6 S$ ?E4' 5 =$5 "'B 8(S 'B '#' 4 "'#' 54 S$B"'#' &"$'8'#', ' '=EB " '#3$ "( 54EW$4 ' :'#'4(.
***
CZM( «l "(4 » S=(&6ES$B"' ='5 . Y(3"EB 8$4("!B S "'6" = " 8$( 6$M"'( =(W(" ( &$ $&E6$( "'6 Z W "(4!. R' $ (( W!Z , '"$ =(6=$[$( 59 6 8(S (#' M &" . > (=6EB M( 6(S(=, '#3$ '" (( "$3(6$( , W "(4! "(#' 5" 8$Z 6'=E "$ (8"'B 4 A(. j "'6" 8 =$( ' #'=9, (#' = 6 3(" ( ?='3 ' #'='3 . >' 659 b$? 4$, "', '"(S"', '34 ""EB 5ZM( ( $ 65(#3$ :'#'49) 6 5 4(, 6' 6" =(""(B 5 = =( N '#' =$"5A("3(" $4!"'#' $"( 3' $. i49 '#' S '?E ' 3'5-
121
' "5 6 (#' 'A(" !, "$3' =' &6(5 "(S ' 6='3( 85 6(""'#' 5$4! ', ' 6(=#" ! = 6ES" Z W $4 4 (=$="EV A(""'5 (B '54(3'6$ ! &$ $6 '='8 ' (#' 56(=VS(4'6(S(5 '#' 6''?=$M(" 9. \ = :'#'49 5='3" $ 8 '"A( A 98 6 5'6=(8(""'B b & (, $ «>5(4(""$9 - #$=8'W $» 4 «>5(4(""$9 - 6&=E6»; '" "( 'V'M "$ 5 ' 'B"' 6=$[$6W (59, '3'?"' S$5'6'8 8(V$" &8 , 8 =E ='W4'#' 6( $. > 4 (=$ ="'8 5 4( (5 ! 56'9 = 6 &"$, $ 6 ='5 =$"5 6(, "' "(8"'# 8 & = 55 V S $ (4(B V'S( 59 "E=" ! 5 =(8#4$6 6 #'#'4(65 B 8$# S(5 B V$'5. X 55 (, ' '=E( 5S $Z D =#("(6$ 6(4 8 5$ (4(8 4 5 39 ' R W "( ' #" 5"E8 4 ?=( ' ' (= j$B '65 '#', 4 W! 5 '4!&9 ' '6(=V"'5 $ "5 6(""'#' #'#'4(65 '#' 8'=9 3'6'4!5 6 Z 59 (8, S ' 8 $M( 59 "$58(W 'B, Z8'='8 ?='5 'B #='B 54'6. 7' 6'3'4$&, 5 $ (4! S(="'#' M(8S #$, ' , ' =(3 'S $( S 3'6 [ 8'=5 V #4 ? " &'" $8 "$ 49M(, "$B3( 6 «l "(4 » (" , 5A( 49Z[ ( "$W b'=8 ?E 9 5 3= # 8 b'=8$8 5'5 '9" 98 , ' '=E( 8E 58 "' '[ [$(8 6 =(3 ( 8 " E 56(=V5'&"$(4!"'#' 6'5 = 9 9. R='&$ R W "$ =(V8(="$; ='&$ :'#'49 ' 8("!W(B 8(=( S( E=(V8(="$. g#' 8'M"' 5=$6" ! 5 (#' 5'6=(8("" '8 8$ (8$ '8 @'?$S(65 8, ' '=EB 6&'=6$4 g6 4 3'6 8 = ' =E4 5 ' 4( "$&$3 8"'# ( ('= , '&3"(( =$&=$?' $""E( aB"W (B"'8. g54 $=$44(4!"E( 4 " "( 65 =(S$Z 59, ' "( ' '8 , S ' 65 =( !59 '" "( 8'# , $ ' '8 , S ' " V (5 ! 3= # ( &$?' E. 25 55 6' :'#'49, ' =E6W((59 "$8 6 «l "(4 », ' $&E6$( , S ' $=$44(4!"E( 4 " 8'# "( '4! ' 65 =( !59, "' 8'# &6 6$ !59 (=( E6$ !59 5$8E8 = S 34 6E8 '?=$&'8, $ '4(?4Z 59, &# ?$95! = 8$4(BW(B =9? , 36( '4'""E, ' =$M(""E( 6 6'3(. :(" B :'#'49 - N ' (5 ! $ 5$8$9 =9?! "$ 6'3(; 36$M3E 36$ ? 3( 9 !, (54 "( 6$3=$ "EB '=("! & 9 , 6 8 =( :'#'49 65( N ' =' 5V'3 (5 (5 6(""', $8 " "$W(B =$55 3'S"'B 8$ (8$ , " 65(V "$W V 5(63'b & S(5 V '"6("A B 5 5$8 8 5'?'B, (54 #'6'= ! 5(=!(&"', "( 5 [(5 6 ( .
***
122
R='A(55 '3(6$" 9, ' '='8 =(3$( 59 ; $ B ; $ (6 S, W !( '?4$S(" ( 6 W "(4! "$ 5$8'8 3(4( - (#' =$&'?4$S(" (, '5 ( (""EB 6'&6=$ '4"'B "$#' ( (#' M( = &=$ $. C 5$8'#' "$S$4$ '6(5 '" =(" = ( 59 349 56'(#' 56(=Vc(5 (5 6(""'#' =EM $ 6 6E5' , $( ?(&'? 3"E( 5 6 3 '3='?"'5 , $ V'M3(" ( "$ AE 'S $V ' 4 A(, S '?E 5?(=(S! ?$W8$ , 4 (#' 589 (" (, '#3$ '" "( &"$( , #3( "$V'3 59 - '5=(3 4 AE 4 "$ 5(=(3 "( b=$&E, - 65( N 3( $4 '5 ((""' =$5 6'=9Z S "'6" $ ; $ 9 ; $ (6 S$, 6 '"A( '6(5 (#' = &=$ $M( 59 5$8'B '59&$(8'B, 5$8'B =($4!"'B '5 $5!Z (#' 5 [(5 6$. X$55 $& ' (#' = &=$ (, 5" Z[(8 ' 4 A$8 R( (=? =#$ 6 ' 5 $V W "(4 , ' "9 'B "(#' #=$? (498 , 6 '"A( '"A'6 5"96W(8 W "(4! 5 6$M"'#' S "'6" $, ' '=EB ' $&$459 '8'S! (8 6 ?(3(, - N ' =$55 $& 8'M( ' $&$ !59 '6(=V"'5 "'8 S $ (4Z '?ES"'B 5 '= (B ' = 6 3(" 9V, "' '"A =(6=$[$( 59 6 "(S ', S(8 9 "( 8'# '3E5 $ ! N ( $. a ' $ 'b('& dégringolade [5 =(8 (4!"'( $3(" ( (b=$"A.)]. «Y(3"'( &"$S (4!"'( 4 A' S ! "( 8(=. <$ " ?E4 '" V$=$ (=(" 6 $"A(49= 6''?[( (=(3 " &W 8 , V' 9, 61" 6W "$ '3 " 8 M(5 6(""EB 6 3 (#' b # = , 659 B #'6'= 4: «f, $ 'B V$=$ (=!» - "' &3(5! '", '3'?"' 6(5!8$ 8"'# 8, 8(Z[ 8 ?'#$ E=5 Z "$= M"'5 !, 'S 65 6'6$4 $ 'B 5 =$V, S ' "( ?(& = S "E 3$M( 5 $4 ' $5$ !59 "$5S( $ '#'-" ? 3! ?'4(&"(""'#' = $3 $. %" 5$8 3$M( 5 " 4 '5 '=(( 5 4(S W "(4! 56'Z &$ = S$4 S(= "( 56' 8 #'4'5'8: «R'W(4 6' 6(5! 3 V 3'8'B!» < S(=, 54EW$6W #'4'5, ' '=EB =' &"'5 59 '?E "'6(""' 6 =(W (4!"E( 8 " E 3$M( ('?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ S$5 '( '6 '=(" ( N '#' 54'6$) 5' ='6'M3$( 59 '(-S(8 #'=$&3' 3(B5 6 (4!"(BW 8, =9 $4 "$ 659 B 54 S$B #'4'6 56'Z 6 4(S , &$8$V" 459 " '8 '8S$459 $ 5 =(4$. \ " 6 W(5 ! 5 "(?'4!W 8 ( ' '5'?E8 #'#'4(65 8 S$5$8) &"$S (4!"'( 4 A' M( ?E4 =(3 '3c(&3'8 56'(#' 3'8$. Y4(3"EB, (=( #$""EB ?(& W "(4 , 68(5 ' '#' S '?E <$='4 "( 26$"'6"(, '" = (V$4 5(?(, 3' 4(459 '(- $ 3' 56'(B '8"$ E ='6(4 "'S! 6(5!8$ 6 ?'4!-
123
W'8 ?(5 '=93 (, $ S ' "$ 3= #'B 3("! ' = &$ S$(8 3'S! (8 5 $&$4$ =98': «DE 5(#'3"9 5'65(8 ?4(3(", $ $». 7' $ $ 8'4S$4 ( 'W4$ $='3 9 "$ ? ?4(B5 Z = S ) " '8 " 54'6$ ' '8, S ' 5 " 8 54 S 4'5!, #3( '" ?E4, 3$ V' (4 (V$ !. a ' =' 5W(5 6 ( 53(4$4' "$ "(#' 5 4!"'( 6 (S$ 4(" ( ( "$S "$( 59 5" M(" (, $ Nbb( "$9 ='&$ &$A 9, ' '= Z :'#'4! 4Z? 4 '4!&'6$ ! 349 56' V " M3). %" 3$M( #'=$&3' =(M( 5 $4 #'6'= ! '3S "(""E8: «<$ 6E 58(( (, '" 8$( ( 4 , ' (=(3 6$8 ?»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«D(?( S(#' V'S( 59?» ' $&$4' $ 'B 4$ , $ '#' M 6EV "( "$B3(W!. Y 3'S" 5 $&$4: «7 S(#'», - 3$ '6'=' 4 ' M( S$5 "$&$3. R= 6 3(" (, '3"$ ' M(, ?E4' M( #'=$&3' 6EW( ='5 '8, "'5 4' =('#='8"E( 5E , "$ =$6 6 W$# , $ $&$4'5!, %? V'6 8'5 , 5 =E4'5! 5'6(=W(""' 6 "'S"'B (8"'(». R' ' «"( 8(5 "EV» '3='?"'5 (B ( $ V, $ "(6'&8 8'( 3' [(" (, S ' «6&='54E( '='59 $» '?ES"' 54 S$Z 59 6 S$5 "EV 3'8$V) =' &6'3 # "' S(5 '( 3(B5 6 (, $ S ' 'S 5 $(W! & 6 3 '3" ='5 Z 6([! ( 6 N '8- ' 659 =$5' $ b "$4!"'#' $ '=-
124
3$). :'#'4(8 "$8(=(""' &$8$5 ='6$"$ 5$8$9 6$M"$9 "b'=8$A 9, #4$6"$9 '8 '& A '""$9 3(9 '6(5 (6(3! 659 $9 =($4!"'5 ! - N ' 8$5 $). j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b$" $5 S(5 $9 4!8 "$A 9, ?'=8' $" (, ?'=8' $" ( 6'&6=$[(" ( 6 V$'5, V ' '='#' 65( 6'&" 4'. 7$ N '8 56(=V6E5' '8 ='6"( 5 55 6$ 4 (=$ =$, '"(S"', "( &$" 8$( 59 ' 4$ 6$" (8 5 3!?E '?(&3'4(""'#' S(4'6( $ 4 =' 49 98 6 $3=(5 64$5 ! 8 [ V. %"$ '?=$[("$ (8 $B"E8 #4 ? "$8 S(4'6(S(5 'B 3 W , #3( ='V'39 (" 3= # V 8 ='6, $ (" ?(&E89""EV ?(&&6 S"EV '=$?4(B.
***
<$ , "$6(="'(, M( 95" 4 5(?( 36$- = 5$8EV (= (4 6EV S $ (49, N ' '?=$[(" ( - (3 "5 6(""'(, S ', ' 5 [(5 6 , 8("9 &$" 8$( . k(4! 8' V ?(#4EV &$8( ' ' 6'=S(5 6( :'#'49, "$3' "$3(9 !59, 5 $4$ 5'6(=W(""' 95"$. := ?' #'6'=9, '"$ 56'3 59 54(3 Z[(8 : (54 6E V' ( &"$ ! S '-" ? 3! ' X'55 , (54 6E M$M3( ( '"9 !, 'S(8 ='3='#W ( "(8AE =' #=$4 56'B ?4 A, (54 6$5 " (=(5 Z « 3( », «b$ E» « ("3("A » "( ='#$B ( :'#'49. <$ '=M"$9 =$?' $ ' & S(" Z = 55 '#' 9&E $, "('?V'3 8$9 349 '#', S '?E (#' ='S(5 !, "( ' 4$ 59 = 6ES"'B 349 6$5 8'"( 'B. 7( ='"! ( (#', "( ='"! (. g8 "(S(#' 6$8 5 $&$ !. 7( '3V'3 (
125
=(4!5$8. D$8 6E5' '( "$ =9M(" (. i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g#' =' &6(3(" 9, $ 659 $9 6(4 $9 4 (=$ =$, - N ' b("'8(" 9&E $, $ "( 3(B. \' (=(6'3E ' 3(4!"EV 8(5 - N ' 4 SW((, "$ S ' 5 '5'?(" 8'B ?(3"EB 54'6$=!; "' (54 ?E '" ?E4 $ M( 5'6(=W(""E, $ 8 V 54EW 8'( 6" =(""(( V', 9, "( 8(9 6'&8'M"'5 (=(3$ ! V " '"$A Z, 65( =$6"' "( 8'# ?E &$8(" ! :'#'49. C $=$95! (=(3$ ! 8'( ' "'W(" ( (#' 5 55 6 , 9 "( =(3c96 4 " '3"'#' '[ 8'#' 3' $&$ (4!5 6$ (#' " "$ S ' "( 'V'M(B = ='3E. d 8'# 4 W! '4'M$ = "$ 5(=3A( 6(=M3$ !, S ' 9 "( 6E3 8$4 :'#'49. %" 3(B5 6 (4!"' 5$4, '" 3(B5 6 (4!"' M 4. :'#'4! ='3 459 1 $ =(49 1809 #. R' 54'6$8 (#' 8$ (= ('"$, '"(S"', = 3 8$4$ N ' M$4 B $"( 3' ), 5 V' 6'=(" (, ' '='( '" "$ 5$4 6 9 ! 4( , ='S(4 <$ " 5 , 3'6'4!"' &6(5 "EB 5$ (4!. <$ " 5 '?"94 6$M"' 8'4S$6W(#' =(?(" $ 5 $&$4 5S$5 4 6E8 ='3 (498: «2& "(#' ? 3( ?'4!W'B $4$" , 3$B (8 '4! ' 5 3!?$ 6 = '6'3 (4 S (49-V= 5 $" "$». 7' 6' ', S ' :'#'4! ='3 459 1 $ =(49, N ' =$63$.
- 7 S ' M... - 5 $&$4 8'B &3$ (4!. ^'4' Z [(4! "(M"'#' &$ $ $ '?=$8494 8=$S"E( 5 $4E. <=$9 (( ' W 4 5! (498 $ =(5" A$8 , $ ([( 3$4!W(, 6 #4 ? "( 5$8'B [(4 , 8'M"' ?E4' =$&4 S ! 5 4 N E 3= # V, 5'65(8 ?(5 4' "EV #'= '8("!W(. \E
126
?E4 6 W $ ( • $, 5 3(4 6 #'5 "'B #'="'#' ' (49. D'" ( '5 "E "$ ?4 M" V 5 $4$V ?4(3"E( =$8 3E 5 $=EV W$V "EV ' 6$4'6 6'5 '4!&'6$4 5! &(= $4!"E8 ' "'8 8'4S$4 6' = "94 S$5 ( 6 "$W(B ?(5(3( = 8(="' $ M(, $ ?$B='"'65 ( '= =( E 6 3 $4'#( j S '6$ 5 C'?$ (6 S(8. - 7 S ' M, - 5 $&$4 8'B &3$ (4!, - 8"( "=$6 59, "' 9 3 8$Z, S ' 5 3(" $8 "$3' =$55 $&$ !, 6 S(8 $8 3(4'. d 5 $&$4...
- 7( , - 6'&=$& 4 '". - d "( ' '8. d ' '8, S ' 5 3(" $8 "$3' ?'4!W( =$55 $&$ ! ' 5'S "(" 9V :'#'49. d 8(Z 6 6 3 5ZM( E. 28 &$V'S( 59 &"$ !, ' S(8 M( N " # . d ' 6(
4...
- 7( , N '#' 6E "( 53(4$4 , - 5 $&$4 '". - d 65( ='S(4 'S("! 6" 8$ (4!"' 8'9 M("$ 'M(, "' 5ZM( '6 8E "( &"$4 . 2 ' '8, 6 '"A( 3'4M"' ?E ! S '-" ? 3! 6='3( ? ?4 '#=$b 4 V='"'4'# . C 3(" 3'4M(" '"9 ! S ' S(8 , "$S( '" = 3( 6 &$8(W$ (4!5 6' "( &$V'S( S $ ! 3$4!W(. d 5 $&$4, S ' 4Z?'B " (44 #(" "EB S(4'6( 8'M( "$B 3$ E ='S ( 56(3(" 9 6 V'='W(B N"A 4' (3 4 6 4Z?'8 S(?" ( ' = 55 'B 4 (=$ =(. %" 6'&=$& 4, S ' 5 3(" "('?9&$ (4!"' S(4'6( " (44 #(" "EB, $ '8 M( '" ? 3( "(3'6'4(", (54 (#' &$5 $69 ([( ' S(8- ' 5 =$649 !59. d 5 $&$4, S ' 5 3(" E ?E6$Z =$&"E(. %" ' 6( 4, S ' 5 'S &=(" 9 &3$ (49 65( '" '3" 8 8 ='8 8$&$"E. - d M( E $459 '?c95" !, - 5 $&$4 9, - S ' 6 =' &6(3(" 9V :'#'49 '34 ""E( 5ZM( E ='Z 59 &$ 'S(6 3"E8 . a '34 ""E( 5ZM( E 9 &4$#$Z. g#' =$55 $&E '4! ' '3=$M$Z 5ZM( "E8 =$55 $&$8. a ' $ =(3 '5 "EB 8' E4( , ' '=EB, ' $&$6W 5! ' 56'(#' 6"(W"(#' '?4 $, '3=$M$( 6"(W"(8 '?4 5 [(5 6$ 5'6(=W(""' 3= #'B '='3E - 5 $M(8, $ 'B-" ? 3! ' 49="'B ?$?'S (. -7
S ' M(? - 5 ='5 4 '".
- 24 , 6(="((, "( '
49="'B, "( '
49="'B
9[(= A
A.
127
- 7 3$, '"9 "', - 5 $&$4 '". - d 65( '" 8$Z. 7' 6 '"A( '"A'6 5ZM( (5 ! 5ZM( , 5 3(" "$3' =$55 $&$ !, S ' =' 5V'3 . 7$ = 8(=, ' $ 9 5$8 "( ='S(4 «X(6 &'=$», 8("9 "( ?E4' " 8$4(BW(#' =(35 $64(" 9, 6 S(8 $8 3(4', V' 9 9 6" 8$ (4!"' & S 4 6$W = ' 5!. - C $M
(, - 5 ='5 4 9, - S ' M( =' 5V'3
6 «X(6 &'=(»?
-7 $ M(, - 5 $&$4 '", ' " 6W 5! 6 =(54(, - =' 5V'3 ', S ' 8'4'3'B S(4'6( &$5 =94 6 #'='3(, ' '8 S ' =' #=$4 65( 56' 3("!# 6 $= E, $ #'='3 '4'" '4 $"'6, '" 5 '4!& ( N V '4 $"'6, S '?E 3'?E ! 3("!# , 6" W 6 8, ? 3 ' '" #'5 3$=5 6(""EB S "'6" , '54$""EB & A(" =$ 349 "5 ( A . ; '#3$ '" V 5 '4!&'6$4, 5'?4$&" 4 3'S 8N=$, "$ 459 8N=$ '4 S 4 6&9 ' 5 3(B, 6=$S(B, '8([ '6, '=#'6A(6 659 '#' ='3$ $38 " 5 =$ '='6, '" (&M$( & #'='3$ $ =$& (=(3 (8, $ = (&M$( "$5 '9[ B "5 ( '=. d 5 $&$4...
- i$, '"(S"', 6E 8'M( ( N ' &4'M !, - 6(4 '3 W"' 5'#4$5 459 8'B &3$ (4!. - 7' 6' ([( «\(= 6E( 3 W ». R='S $6 6$W #4$6 , 9 "( 8'# ?E 5 $&$ !, 6 S(8 $8 3(4'. 2 ='8( '#', $ 9 M( #'6'= 4, 3'4M"$ ?E ! ? ?4 '#=$b 9. - g54
=(S! 3( ' 5
5 (
(=(6'3'6
" # ' :'#'4(...
- 7 3$, - 5 $&$4 8'B &3$ (4!.
- g54 6$8 "$3' N ', 3(4' '?5 ' ='5 ', ' '8 S ', ='8( ' 4 S"' (=(6(3(""EV :(=" «\(= 6EV 3 W», «X(6 &'=$» «l "(4 », ' '=E( '96 4 5! '#3$, '#3$ 9 5$8 "$3=E6$459 "$3 N 'B =$?' 'B, "( " S(#', '4! ' (=(4'M(" 9, 5 $M$Z[ ( :'#'49 3' "(4( '5 . > N 8 " 36$ [(" $ ' (=-5 $" (49 - S(="EB 5 '?6 54E8 W$8 5 8 $ S"'B '5 " 'B 6 #'4 ?'6$ EV ?(4 $V ?(4$9 5 S $ 5 ='&'6E8 9 "EW $8 "$ 8'=3( M 6' ( - 6 $ 4 5! 6 36(=!, ' '= Z '- ' ' =E4, &$ '6E494 "$ 89# V 4$ $V 8(M3 8(?(4!Z, "' ?E4 M( 5V6$S("E &#"$"E "$&$3 "$ (==$5 .
128
- R'8 8' N '#', - ='3'4M$4 9, - 8"( "( &6(5 "' " '3"'B $"#4 B5 'B =$?' E ' :'#'4(, 3'5 'B"'B '8 "$" 9, ='8( ' 4 S"'B #4$6E 6 «25 '= = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E» \ =5 '#'. C [(5 6 Z , '"(S"', 5' " = 55 V =$?' . 7( ' '=E( 'S("! V'='W , "' 8"'M(5 6' 3= # V = "$34(M$ "(4( E8 "$ =$64(" 98 6='3( «:'#'4! - M 6'5(A A$=5 'B X'55 », 4 «:'#'4!-=($4 5 », 4 «:'#'4! - 6(4 B ?'=(A 5 =( '5 " S(5 6'8 ?Z=' =$ (B», 4 «:'#'4! - = 55 B i ("5». Y(3$ 6 '8, S ', (54 9 5 $" (=(S 549 ! N =$?' E, 9 "( =(8(""' 'E $Z5! =$&6(9 ! 5 , 6 4ZS$9 6 5 5' 6E3 8$""E( "$&6$" 9 6''?=$M$(8EV $6 '='6, 6E " '#3$ '4 '8 "( ? 3( ( &"$ !, 6 5$8'8 4 3(4( i'?='4Z?'6, 4 26$"'6-X$& 8" , 4 %659" '-< 4 ... - 7( , - '5 (W"' =(=6$4 8("9 8'B &3$ (4!, - 9 "( 3 8$Z, S ' " M(" 5 5' " # ' :'#'4(. d 8(4 6 6 3 5 5' 5'S "(" B 5$8'#' :'#'49 5 V='"'4'# (B V '964(" 9, (#' M &" S '-" ? 3! ' 5ZM( $V ='S((. >$8 N ' 4(# ' 53(4$ !. 2 "$8 " M(" (#' '= =( . - %? N '8 9 5$8 3 8$4, - 5 $&$4 9. - i$, 3$6$B ( 3$3 8 '= =( #'#'4(65 '#' "'5$. 7( #'4'6"'B, "( '95"'B ='S((, $ '4! ' (#' "'5$. Y'4!W'B, '3 "' B, '5 =EB "'5, S( ' "$= 5'6$""EB S(=" 4$8 , $ 6(4 S(""'( &'?=$M(" ( $ '#'- ' 6$M"'#' '=#$"$ "('?ES"'B &''4'# S(5 'B '5'? . d 8'# ' ='5 ! i'? M "5 '#', N '#' "( '3=$M$(8'#' 8$5 (=$ = 5 " $, 4 V 3'M" $ & ^''4'# S(5 '#' 8 &(9... - 2 N ' '# ?
" # , - 5 $&$4 8'B &3$ (4!.
***
Y'4!W "5 6' b$ '6, = 6(3(""EV 8"'Z, 6&9 ' & =(4(5 "'B ? '#=$b :'#'49, "$ 5$""'B >(=(5$(6E8 (1933). >E6'3E 8' 5'?5 6(""E(. % S$96W (59 = 55 ( = , = 395! "$3 (8, S '?E ' =(3(4 ! 64 9" ( 4'M ! 8' ='8$"E "$ '3V'39[ Z '4'S , =$&$ 36$
129
= 69&E6$4 8("9 :'#'4Z, "' '#493(6 ([( =$&, 6 3(4 , S ' 9 =$&69&$4 &4E '4 $ ' $&$4$5! 5 'B.
1818 - 1883 26$" C(=#((6 S D =#("(6 ='3 459 6 1818 #. 6 %=4( - "(?'4!W'8 ='6 "A $4!"'8 #'='3 ( 5=(3"(= 55 'B '4'5E, 6 5(8!( 5'5 '9 (4!"'#' '8([ $. g#' 3( 5 6' ='W4' 6 8(" , #3( '" 8'# "$?4Z3$ ! M &"! =( '5 "EV V ' "'W(" 9 5 V'&9(6$8 , 3'V'3 6W ( 3' =$B" V ='964(" B M(5 ' '5 : 56' 8 5$8'3 =5 6'8 8$ ! 3'6(4$ =(5 !9", $ &$ (8 5'?5 6("" Z 5(8!Z 3' ' 5 "( M$4 '#' 5 [(5 6'6$" 9. %?'M$9 5E"$, '"$ '3"'6=(8(""' =(54(3'6$4$ (#', $=$9 &$ 8$4(BW(( "( '54 W$" ( 4 ='5 ' . > '54(35 6 , '#3$ D =#("(6 E $459 65 !59 &$ =( '5 "EV, '"$ 4 W 4$ (#' 3'V'3$ '?=( 4$ "$ "$5 '9[ Z " [( , V' 9 6 ? 3 [(8 (#' 'M 3$4' '#='8"'( "$54(35 6'. i' '"A$ 3"(B & $89 (#' "( $3 4 5! ?'4(&"(""E( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 3( 5 6$. R'54( 58(= 8$ (= D =#("(6 = 4'M 4 "(8$4' 5 4 B, S '?E '?4(#S ! M &"! 56' V =( '5 "EV, '56'?'3 4 65Z 3'8$W"ZZ S(493! 659S(5 5'3(B5 6'6$4 '56'?'3 (4!"'B =(b'=8( 1861 #. > 3( 5 6( '" '4 S 4 (5 ='( '?=E6'S"'( '?=$&'6$" (. C=(3 8"'#'S 54(""EV (3$#'#'6, ?(& =$&?'=$ = #4$W$(8EV 8$ (=!Z, ' $3$4 5! =(5 =$""E( 4Z3 , 6 4ZS$9 ' =$B"(B 8(=( '3"'#' ='b(55 '"$4!"'#' 5(3(4!" $. R'54( #'3$ S(?E 6 \'5 '65 '8 =(V 6 R( (=? =#5 '8 " 6(=5 ( (, ' '=EB '" ?4$#' '4 S"' ' '"S 4 6 1837 #., "(#' "( 5'&3$4'5! '[ [(" 9, S ' '" '4 S 4 V'='W(( '?=$&'6$" (, 5 1838-#' ' 1841 #. D =#("(6 '5([$4 Y(=4 "5 B " 6(=5 ( , E $95! 6'5 '4" ! ='?(4E. ^$ #'3E M &" 6 Y(=4 "( '" 5?4 & 459 5 #= 'B 8'4'3EV = 55 V 5 3(" '6, ' '=E(
130
'&3"(( 5'5 $6 4 = M' = 55 'B 3($4 5 S(5 'B b 4'5'b , V'39[(B '="98 6 "(8(A Z 5 4!"' ' =$W(""'B #(#(4!9"5 6'8. > =$""(B Z"'5 &- '3 (=$ (#' 6EW4' "(5 '4! ' 5E=EV 5 V' 6'=(" B - 6 '5"'6"'8 54$?EV '3=$M$" B @(=8'" '6 . @ W! 6 1847 #., '#3$ '" '?=$ 459 ='&( ' ?4 '6$4 (=6EB '=' B =$55 $&, ' =E6$Z[ B «^$ 5 'V' " $»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«O(39, "( ?(& 3'6'4!5 6 9, '3"94 "$ 6'&3 V = " M3(""' 4E?$6W Z59 5'?$ '4'M 4 (( "$ 3"' (4(# ». («e'=! <$4 "ES».) «...5'?$ $, 3='M$ 65(8 (4'8 "(...» («\'B 5'5(3 X$3 4'6».)
M8 =95!, #=E&4$
'5 ! "$
'49-
«>9S(54$6 244$= '"'6 S M$5"EB 'V' " 3' =( =$5"'#' '4$, $ '4! ' 6 3 5(?9 6 (&3"'8 #'='3( "$ ? 4!6$=( V'='W("! Z '5'? , "(8(34(""' 5 59 &$ "(Z 654(3, "' ' S$5 M( &$V='8$( , - 6' S ' &$8(S$ (4!"'( '?5 '9 (4!5 6'». («i6$ '8([ $».) «\$W$ (AE#$" $, 6'&4Z?4(""$9 #(='9, ?='5 6W$9 (#') '5 $"'6 4$5! '?(=" 4$5! "(8 4 A'8. %"$ 5 '94$ 5 "'Z 56( $&$4$5! 659 S(="$9, 54'6"' & (8"'#' 3(=(6$ 6E=(&$""$9. %3" ?(4 #4$& 6E3(494 5! 5(=(?=9"E8 8 "3$4 "$8 , $ 5$8 #4$&$ - &=$S - ([( ?'4(( ' (8"(4 ». («<'"(A j(= ' V$"'6$».) «fM( 6(S(=(4'; 5'4"A( 5 =E4'5! &$ "(?'4!W Z '5 "'6 Z ='[ , 4(M$6W Z 6 '46(=5 ( ' 5$3$: ("! ' "(( ?(& '"A$ 9" 4$5! S(=(& "( '36 M"E( '49. \ M S' (V$4 =E5A'B "$ ?(4'B 4'W$3 ( ' (8"'B & 'B 3'='M ( 63'4!
131
5$8'B ='[ : '" 6(5! ?E4 95"' 6 3(", 6(5!, 3' &$ 4$ E "$ 4(S(, 3$='8, S ' (V$4 6 (" ; = 9 "'-' S( 4 6' 8(4! $4 "'# 4'W$3 . C'4"(S"E( 4 S , 5 56'(B 5 '='"E, &$? =$4 5! 6 ='[ , ='? 6$95! 5 6'&! S$[ , '?4 6$4 5 6'4E '5 " $ 8 ( 4E8 56( '8, S ' '" 5 $"'6 4 5! 'V'M "$ 5 6'4E 5'5(", $ 4 5 6$ V 'S 5 "(4$, "$3 "(Z '3" 8$4'5! ?4(3"'#'4 ?'( "(?', S ! '?= 89"(""'( &$=(B». («% AE 3( ».) d 6E?=$4 4 SW ( '?=$&AE =#("(65 'B ='&E. a 89# '' =$W(""E(, "(?'4!W ( &$= 5'6 , 3' 5 V '= 6'5V [$Z[ ( "$5, 5 5"' 6 =$ 4("E 6 (#' ='& ?'4!W( "$ '8 "$Z $ 6$=(4 , "(M(4 5'S"E(, '54( (4!"E( b4$8$"35 ( '= =( E & #$4(=( #'#'4(65 V (=5'"$M(B. %5'?(""' (5 =9 N 8 ?4(5 $8 8$5 (=5 6$ «^$ 5 'V' " $». >(=(" A$ 3($4!"EV ='#$ (4!"EV =( '5 "EV =(5 !9", ='V'39[$9 5 6'&! N =$55 $&E, "$#493"' &'?=$M$4$ 65Z "(4( '5 ! =$?5 6$, 6E&E6$9 "(#'3'6$" ( 8"'# V 64 9 (4!"EV '5'? '#' 6=(8(" . k("&'=, =' 56W B = ' 5!, ?E4 6'4(", =$6 (4!5 6' 6'5 '4!&'6$4'5! (=6'B M( 6'&8'M"'5 !Z, S '?E "$ $&$ ! $6'=$. R'54( 58(= :'#'49 D =#("(6 "$ 5$4 '=' Z 5 $ !Z, ' '= Z "( =' 5 4$ ( (=? =#5 $9 A("& =$, "' '"$ ?E4$ (=( =$64("$ 6 \'5 6 , #3( (( =$&=(W 4 "$ (S$ $ !. ^$ "$= W(" ( 5 ?'=3 "$A D =#("(6 ?E4 = #'6'=(" 8(59A Z=(8"'#' &$ 4ZS(" 9 6E54$" 6 5'?5 6(""'( 8(" (, #3( ='6(4 ?'4(( 36 V 4( . R'54( 6'&6=$[(" 9 '" (S$ $( 56'B (=6EB ='8$" «X 3 "», &$ ' '=E8 '54(3'6$4 «i6'=9"5 '( #"(&3'» «7$ $" "(». > ='8$"( «X 3 "», "$ 5$""'8 6 1855 #., &'?=$M("' ' '4(" ( = 55 V " (44 #(" '6- 3($4 5 '6 40-V ##., 6'5 $""EV 6 "(8(A V " 6(=5 ( $V. > ='8$"( ' $3$Z 59 6(4 '4( "E( ' 5$" 9: «7' 6' , S $ ='"(54$5!, &$ '=V$4 6( (=' , & 8= 3'8 &'4' '8 "$S$4$ (=(4 6$ ! =$6$... R= 4 $9 3= # 3= M (, &$5 6'& 4 4 5 !9 3(=(6!(6... C 4!"EB &$ $V '3"9459 ' '65Z3 ». 7('M 3$""'( '964(" ( X 3 "$ 6 3'8( @$5 "5 'B '?= 5'6$"' 5'6(=W(""' &$8(S$ (4!"' 5 '8'[!Z 4Z? 8'#' =#("(65 '#' = (8$: "$ 56( 5 '8 =$ ( 4 '?(3( &'?=$M(" 54'6"EB '(3 "' 8(M3 V'4'3"E8 8"E8
132
#(='(8 ?=$6 ="E8 'W49 '8 4 =( ("A '&"E8 3 =$ '8. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ = S 34 6E( '6$3 =#("(65 V (=5'"$M(B: «\(M3 (8 X 3 " '3'W(4 7$ $4!(. %"$ 65 $4$, 4 A' (( 6E=$& 4' &$8(W$ (4!5 6'. >'4E"A(6, 5 3(6W B '34( "((, 'M( 65 $4. - d 6 M b'= ( !9"', - "$S$4 X 3 " 89# ' 4$5 '6', $ (W(5 6 Z[ B = "A». ^$ (8 '- ' #=$( «@(5"'#' A$=9» l ?(= $. « - a $ 8 &E $ N $ "'S! (&6(&3"$9, 4( "99 "'S!, ' '=$9 « "(M 4$5! "(M 4$», D =#("(6 - 6(4 '4( "EB M 6' 5(A «8 &E "'S »), - &$#'6'= 4 '", - "$ '8" 4 8"( 8'( 5 3("S(5 '( 6=(89 6 :(=8$" ...» g#' 5 =$W 6$Z , $ '3(6$Z 59 5 3(" E 6 :(=8$" . « - > :(B3(4!?(=#( 9 "'5 4 ?'4!W ( 5$ '# 5' W '=$8 6("#(= 5' W" = $8 , 6'4'5E ' =$5 4 3' 5$8EV 4(S...» X 3 " - 3'6'4!"'- $ "$ E[(""EB 8'4'3'B S(4'6( . > ' 6=(89 X'55 9 =(35 $6494$ 5'?'B 5 4'W"'B 5'": "$='3 5 $4 - 6 (=("'5"'8 58E54( 54'6$, " (44 #(" E '4 "'S" S$4 - ? 6$4!"', ?(5(3 9 4 =$&8EW499 3' 9 =$, $ ' = ' =$6494 5! "$ ='# 4 . D' 3(4' 8E 6 3 8, $ '" ?='5$Z 59 "$ ='6$ ! "( =$&3(6W 5! &$?E6$Z 59 6 5 '8( 4 6 =E# 6$Z 6 56'Z '3(M3 . D =#("(65 ( 3(6 W '?ES"' =(&6' 65 $ 6$Z 5 '5 (4(B, '?4$S$Z 59 6 = "'4 "E, '?=E&# 6$Z 4 A' V'4'3"'B 6'3'B 56(M (, $ ='&E, 6E $=V 6$Z 6 5$3, #3( =' 5V'39 "( &?(M"E( 65 =(S '3 5("!Z ?(5(3' . R(=(3 ' c(&3'8 6 :(=8$" Z X 3 " S 459 6 \'5'65 '8 " 6(=5 ( (. g#' 3= # =$55 $&E6$( '? V 8'4'3'5 : «>E =(35 $6! (: 5'W4 5! S(4'6( 9 !-W(5 ! 8$4!S '6, '3"$ 5$4!"$9 56(S$ #'= , S$B '3$( 59 =(5 6(="EB 5 V$= "(8 5 $=E(- =(5 $=E(; $ '58' =(4 ?E 6E "$ 65( "$W 4 A$, '54 W$4 ?E =(S "$W ! > #4$&$V $M3'#' 6'5 '=#, [( E4$Z , 5(=3A( ?!( 59, #'6'= 8 8E ' Y'#(, ' =$63(, ' ? 3 ["'5 S(4'6(S(5 6$, ' 'N& - #'6'= 8 8E "'#3$ 6&3'=, 6'5V [$(859 5 9 $8 ; "' S ' &$ ?(3$!» e$=$ (= N '#' 4 5 $ 40-V ##.
'?'=" $ ='#=(55$ S"'#' 3($4$3E6$( 59 6 &6(5 "EB #$84( '65 B
133
' 6( : «54'6$, 54'6$, 54'6$». e' 9 '" 5 #'4'6E 3' 9 "$ S $" ='#=(55 6"E8 3(98 , S(4'6( N ' 5'6(=W(""' ?(&3(B5 6 Z[ B. >59 (#' N"(=# 9 V'3 6 5 =$5 "E( ' ' 3($4 5 S(5 'B ?'4 '6" . e'4'3"'( 5(=3A( #'=9S$9 #'4'6$. a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«i6'=9"5 '8 #"(&3(» (1858) D =#("(6 6'5V6$494 6E5' '( ?4$#'='35 6' $ = $=V$4!"'#' 36'=9"5 6$. @ &$ #4$6"$9 #(=' "9 ='8$"$ - 5'6(=W(""'( 6' 4'[(" ( S 5'B #'=3'B « =#("(65 'B 3(6 W ». «7$ $" "(» ([( '3"$ 5 '= 9 =#("(65 'B #(=' " . g4("$ '5 $649( 5(8!Z ='3 " , S '?E '54(3'6$ ! &$ 56' 8 6'&4Z?4(""E8, ?'4#$=5 8 =(6'4ZA '"(='8 2"5$='6E8, (3 "5 6(""$9 A(4! M &" ' '='#' - '56'?'M3(" ( X'3 "E (6 ' 6=(89 "$V'3 6W(B59 '3 64$5 !Z =' ). g4("$ =(3 'S $( S(4'6( $ 3(B5 6 9 - 2"5$='6$ - ?(&3(B5 6 Z[ 8 8'4'3E8 4Z398, ' = M$6W 8 (( 6 Z"'5 . 2"5$='6 '# ?$( ' S$V' , $ g4("$ 5 'B ' 54(3 ( ' (#' . 7(58' =9 "$ ?4$# ( "$8(=(" 9, ='8$" «7$ $" "(» - 5$8'( "( 3$S"'( =' &6(3(" ( D =#("(6$. D(8 "( 8("(( '"' ' $&$4'5! 5$8E8 ' 49="E8. e' 9 A(" =$4!"EB '?=$& ='8$"$ - M("[ "$, '"$ =(35 $649( 5'?'B 8(""' ' #(=' S(5 'B 4 S"'5 , ' '='#' $ M$M3$4' '?[(5 6': #(=' "9, #' '6$9 'M(= 6'6$ ! 65(8 "$ 56( ( =$3 4Z?6 3'4#$, 8 M(5 6(""' =('3'4(6$Z[$9 65( = 3"'5 "$ 56'(8 , =(3$""$9 3($4$8 56'?'3E '56'?'M3(" Z #"( (""EV, 56'?'3( 6E?'=$ 5'?5 6(""'#' 6 M &" , 56'?'3( 4Z?6 .
134
2&'?=$& 6 "=$65 6(""'( '=$M(" ( 3($4 5 '6 40-V ##., 53(4$6 56'(#' (3 "5 6(""'#' 3(9 (4!"'#' #(='9 ?'4#$= "'8, D =#("(6 ?E4 '5E $" =( $8 6 '8, S ' "( 5'&3$4 " '3"'#' '4'M (4!"'#' $ 6"'#' = 55 '#' V$=$ (=$. 28(""' N ' '" ' E $459 53(4$ ! 6 ='8$"( «% AE 3( » (1862). > ='8$"( &'?=$M(" "=$65 6(""EB '"b4 8(M3 3'?='3( (4!"E8 54$?'6'4!"E8 "( 3$S" $8 40-V ##. "'6E8 ' '4(" (8 Z"EV 5 4!"EV =(6'4ZA '"(='6 - «" # 4 5 '6». Y$&$='6 - =(35 $6 (4! N '#' 8'4'3'#' ' '4(" 9 - 6' "5 6 Z[ B 8$ (= $4 5 , ' = A$Z[ B =(4 # Z, 65( N S(5 ( 4 N5 ( S(5 ( A(""'5 . %" 6(= 4 W! 6 «49# W( », ' (5 ! 6 =(& 4! $ E 5'?5 6(""'#' =$ S(5 '#' "$ S"'#' ' E $. %" "( 6(3$( " 5 E3$, " M$4'5 . 2 '" $ 6"$9 4 S"'5 ! ' =( 8 [(5 6 . e' 9 D =#("(6 6'5V [$459 Y$&$='6E8, =$3 $4!"' "$5 ='(""E( 4(6E(, ' '=E8 '" 3 8$4 '4!5 ! 6 4 A( N '#' 5 4!"'#' 8'4'3'#' " # 4 5 $, ?E4 6'&8 [("E (#' '= =( '8 6 3(4 6 "(8 4 W! $= $ = , 5'&3$"" Z 69[(B =$3'5 V =' 6" '6. D =#("(6$ '?c96 4 '"S("E8 S(4'6( '8, 5 5$6W 859 =$5 =$ 6W 8 6(5! 56'B $4$" . %" ?E4 'W(4'84(". 2& 4Z? 8A$ (=(3'6EV = #'6 '?[(5 6$ '" 63= # 53(4$459 S(8- ' 6='3( #$4$. D[(54$6"EB 3' =$B"'5 , '" 3'='M 4 "( '4! ' 54$6'B, "' 6"(W" 8 (( $ = ? $8 . :4 ?' ' &$3( EB =$&'S$='6$""EB, '" 6'6=(89 'S 459 &$ #=$" A(B, #3( '5 $6$459 3' '"A$ M &" , 5'6(=W$9 4 W! =(3 ( =$ ( 6 & E "$ ='3 " . g#' 54(3 Z[$9 6([! - ' =E6' «i'6'4!"'», #3( $6 '= '?c9649( ' 56'(8 =(W(" '5 $6 ! 4 (=$ = . 7(58' =9 "$ N ', '" "$ 5$4 ([( 36$ ='8$"$ ='3'4M$4 5'S "9 ! 3' '"A$ M &" . 2& N V 36 V ='8$"'6 6 «iE8(» '" 6E5 $&$4 56'Z #'=(S! ' ' "'W(" Z ' 65(8 54'98 = 55 '#' '?[(5 6$, $ 6 «7'6 » E $459 &'?=$& ! =$&"E( E = 55 V 4Z3(B, ' $&$6W V59 6 '"b4 ( 5 5'A $4!"E8 36 M(" (8 '#' 6=(8(" (70-( ##.). C '3"'B 5 '='"E, 8E 6 3 8 &3(5! =(6'4ZA '"(='6, "$5 'BS 6' 5 =(89[ V59 = ?4 & !59 "$='3 : (1) #$84( '65 ( 5'8"(" 9 7(M3$"'6$, '?=$&'6$""'#', '"S(""'#' #4$6"'#' #(='9, 5 E E6$Z[(#' $B" Z 5 4'""'5 ! 'N& ='8$" S(5 8 = 4ZS(" 98, "' "$ ='S! 4 W(""'#' S 65 6$ Z8'=$, $ ?'4!W "5 6'
135
=#("(65 V '4'M (4!"EV #(='(6, '8 M( 54$?'#' [(=?"'#' 6' 65(8, ='8( S 65 6$ 5'?5 6(""'B "( '4"'A(""'5 ?(5 '4(&"'5 ; (2) \$= $""$ - S 5 $9, =$63 6$9 6 56'(B 5 ='6'B "$ 6"'5 3(6 W $, #' '6$9 8(=( ! &3(5! 5(BS$5 &$ 6E5' '( «3(4'»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c95" !, S ' 8(""' '" 8(4 6 6 3 . D[$ (4!"' 6E 5$""E( N 4'# (#' ='8$"'6 '6(5 (B $M 59 3' ?'4 5 55 6(""E8 , $6 '= & 'M 6'" 4(&( , ' $ $9 S $ (4!5 '8 4Z?' E 5 6 , '54(3'6$ (4!"' =$558$ = 6$9 5 3!?E #(='(6 6 8$"(=(, ' '= Z 5 ?'4!W'B "$ 9M 'B 8'M"' "$&6$ ! V 3'M(5 6(""'B. %" "( 6(4 B 5$ (4!, V' 9 'S("! 8 4EB. %" " '#3$ "( '3" 8$459 3' 6E5' «\$3$8 Y'6$= », = S 549 ! D =#("(6$ O4'?(=$ '3"'8 4 (=$ ="'8 "$ =$64(" Z - 96"'( &$?4 M3(" (. 7 (#' #' '6"'5 ! 6&9 !59 &$ 4Z? Z 8'3" Z '?[(5 6("" Z 3(Z, " ?$"$4!"EB 5ZM( (65(#3$ = 8 6"(BW B) "(6'&8'M"' 5=$6" 6$ ! 5 5 ='6E8 5 55 6'8 O4'?(=$. D =#("(6, :'=! B j(V'6 '5'?(""' &6(5 "E &$ #=$" A(B. 7' " $ 'B (5 (5 6(""'B 569& 8(M3 " 8 "( . %3"$ ' 8'M"' &$8( !, S ' V 3W(( 6 =#("(65 'B ='&( "$W4' "$ ?'4(( '4"'( 6E=$M(" ( 6 " #$V :'=! '#', $ 4 SW(( (= 55 B (B&$M) - & 8 (4!"'( =$&6 ( 6 ='&( j(V'6$. <='8( «^$ 5' 'V' " $» ='8$"'6 D =#("(6 "$ 5$4 8"'M(5 6' '=' V =$55 $&'6, '6(5 (B 4 "'6(44. > =$"" V "( " S(#' '= # "$4!"'#' 4 V 3'M(5 6(""'#';
136
&$ ' "( ' '=E( & '&3" V 5'6(=W(""' &$8(S$ (4!"E. %5'?'#' '8 "$" 9 &$54 M 6$Z «>(W" ( 6'3E» «R(=6$9 4Z?'6!». @ S"$9 M &"! D =#("(6$ 54'M 4$5! "( 'S("! 5S$5 4 6'. g3 "5 6(""$9 "$5 '9[$9 ?'4!W$9 4Z?'6! (#' M &" - &6(5 "$9 (6 A$ R'4 "$ > $=3':$=5 $. g( 5S$5 4 6'( &$8 M(5 6' "( '5 $6494' (8 " $ 'B "$3(M3E "$ 5'?5 6(""'( 4 S"'( 5S$5 !(, "' (8 "( 8("(( D =#("(6 ?E4 6 =( =$5"EV ' "'W(" 9V 5' 65(B (( 5(8!(B '569 4 (B 65Z M &"!. :3( ?E '" "( M 4 , '" 5 =(8 459 '5(4 !59 =93'8, $ '#3$ (( 3'S(= 6EV'3 4 &$8 M, 3$4 8 = 3$"'(. g8 6''?[( M 4'5! #'=$&3' 4 SW( &$ #=$" A(B, S(8 6 X'55 . ^$ $3"E( = "( 6E6'3 4 (#' & 5(?9 56' 8 5' = W (4!"E8 $ $ $8 . %" 3= M 4 5 \(= 8( O4'?(='8. <" # (#' (=(6'3 4 5! "$ b=$"A &5 B "(8(A B 9&E . g3 "5 6(""EB 3'5 'B"EB = 55 B ='&$ , &6(5 "EB 6 4 (=$ ="EV = #$V ^$ $3$, D =#("(6 "( &?(M"' 5S $459 "( '4! ' 6(4 S$BW 8, "' 6 5 ["'5 (3 "5 6(""E8 X 55 8 R 5$ (4(8, $ S ' '" $459 6 4 S$V 54$6E ?E4 =( 5 '4"(" ?(&'?4$S"'#' 5S$5 !9. %" '=$M$4 "'5 =$"A(6 '?$9" (8 =( =$5"E8 8$"(=$8 , "' 5 $4 6$95! 5 = 55 8 5$ (498 = $8 , ' S$5 M( 5 $"'6 459 5$8'3'6'4!"E8 "$38(""E8. %" (=(55'= 459 5' 65(8 : 5 D'45 E8, i'5'(65 8 7( =$5'6E8. < D'45 '8 '" 5 E E6$4 =(6"'5 !, '3"'6=(8(""' 6'5V [$95! (#' #(" (8. > 1871 #. > $=3' '5(4 4 5! 6 R$= M( =93'8 5 " 8 - D =#("(6. 7(58' =9 "$ 5 =$5 " Z =(3$""'5 ! 8$3$8 > $=3', '" S 65 6'6$4 5(?9 '3 "' 8, (8 '5 =' "( V6$ $4' 5'?5 6(""'B 5(8! &$?' E. > 5!8$V 3= &!98 '" M$4'6$459 "$ '3 "'S(5 6', "$ «V'4'3 5 $='5 » 3 W(6" Z 5 $4'5 !. 2"'#3$ D =#("(6 8(S $4 6(=" !59 6 X'55 Z, "' (8 "(3'5 $6$4' 5 4E 6'4 , S '?E 53(4$ ! N ' =(W (4!"EB W$#, ' '=EB 8'# "$= W ! '3"''?=$&"'( (S(" ( (#' M &" ; ?(&6'4 ( 65(#3$ ?E4' (#' 54$?E8 8(5 '8. %" " '#3$ "( "$V'3 4 6 5(?( 5 'B '5 , S '?E 6E3(=M$ ! "$ 5 = 55 V = '6, ' '=E( '54( «% A'6 3( (B» $ "( &8(" 4 56'(#' =(3 ?(M3(" 9 =' 6 (#' "'6EV ?4 $A B. %3"$ ', "(58' =9 "$ 6=$M3(?"'5 ! = ?E4 S=(&6ES$B"' ' 49=(" 5=(3 = 55
'6, D =#("(6 V S $ (4(B.
137
j $ (4 4Z? 4 (#' " # - ='8$"E (#' '4!&'6$4 5! '#='8"'B &6(5 "'5 !Z 3$M( 6 "$S$4( "$W(#' 6( $, S(4'6( '4Z? ( 4 ?(=$4 &8, ' '=E( '" ' =E ' 5 '6(3'6$4, = 64( $4 "(8 S $ (4(B, '5'?(""' 8'4'3EV. %" 8(= 6 1883 #. "(3$4( ' ' R$= M$, 6 Y M 6$4(, (4' (#' (=(6(&4 6 R( (=? =#. DE59S 4Z3(B ='6'M$4 b'? "$ 4$3? [(, #3( 5'?=$4 5! 3(4(#$A & 8"'# V #'='3'6, " 6(=5 ( '6 '?[(5 6(""EV '=#$" &$A B. g#' 8'# 4 &$6$4 4 ?(5S 54(""E8 6(" $8 . R'V'='""$9 ='A(55 9 =$5 9" 4$5! 'S "$ 6(=5 . D$ = 55 ( S $ (4 ' 3$6$4 5$ (4Z '54(3" B 3'4# 4Z?6 , ''= Z '" 5 E E6$4 "(8 65Z (#' M &"!.
***
D =#("(6 ?E4 "( '4! ' =(6'5V'3"E8 (B&$M 5 '8, "' 8(4 8$5 (=5 = 5'6$ ! "(?'4!W ( ?='5 ( $= $=E, "$ '8 "$Z[ ( &$= 5'6 "$ 5 ("$V $"#4 B5 V &$#'='3"EV 4 ?'6. >' "(5 '4! ' "(?'4!W V $= $ = "$ 56( 5 V 4!6'6 [(#'4(B, ' '=EV '" $ 4Z? 4 &'?=$M$ !: «...'3( '" ?E4 "$ 5$8EB 4 SW B $"#4 B5 B 8$"(=: A6( "'B '"S ?(4'#' ?$ 5 '6'#' 4$ $ '=S$4 8$4("! 8 =( #'4!" '8 & 4'5 '#' ?' '6'#' $=8$"$ (5 =("! 'B M$ ( ; "$ 3'6'4!"' W =' 'B S(="'B 4(" 'S ( ?'4 $4$5! '3"'#4$&$9 4'="( $; ?4(3"'-8$ '6EB '" W6(35 V (=S$ ' 5'' 6( 5 6'6$4 ?4(3"'-5(='8 '4(= 4( S$ EV $" $4'"» («7'6!»). <='8( '#', D =#("(6 - (=6EB = 55 B 5$ (4!, &$8(6W B #= 4'8$"'#' 5'4"(S"'#' 56( $ 56( ' (" = '964(" 4Z3(B. >5 '8" 8 AE#$" , 5 '96W Z 5 "'Z 56( , «?(4 #4$&», 6E3(49Z[ (59 «5(=(?=9"E8 8 "3$4 "$8 ». a A $ E - S 3(5"E( '?=$&AE (#' # 5 'B, $ 8$54', 6(4 '4( "' =$&8(=(""'B ='&E, $ V'='W' = 5 '5'?4(""'B 349 (=(3$S 4$6"'#' 36 M(" 9. D$ 4 "$9 b=$&$ "(#' "$ '8 "$( 9[(= A , "(M$[ Z59 "$ ( 4'B, &$4 'B 5'4"A(8 5 ("(, $ 36$- = '54(3" V 54'6$ 6 =(34'M(" &6 6$Z 59, $ V6'5 . 7' 6 A(4'8 5 4! (#' =' &6'3 5 =$""'( 6 (S$ 4(" ( ' =E6'S"'-
138
5 , 8(""' ' '#', S ' "( ' '=E( 5 , $6 '=5 ( 4Z? 8AE, ' 3(4E6$4 5! [$ (4!"((, S(8 3= # (. : ? (, 5 4!"E( $ ?E 6'&6(4 S(""E( $6 '=5 8 &?=$" (8, '" 6E3(49Z 59 "$ '?[(8 b'"( 3'?=' "'B, 95"'B, "' " S(8 "( 6E3$Z[(B59 ='&E. \(3 8$54' - 6' 5 S(8 8'M"' 5=$6" ! (#' & 8 (4!"' ' = #4E(, &9["E( =(34'M(" 9, '#3$ $6 '= &$3$( 59 A(4!Z 5$ ! =$5 6E8 54'#'8. X$55 $&S '" 3'6'4!"' 5 55 6(""EB 3$M( = V=$8E6$Z[ B, 3(B5 6 (4!"', 6 '3"'8 =$55 $&(, '#3$ $6 '= 54(3 ( &$ 56' 8 #(='98 , '" "$S "$( = V=$8E6$ !, $ (#' (=5'"$M 6 =$55 $&( «i6$ '8([ $». g#' 3$= "(3'5 $6$4' 6''?=$M(" 9, ' (5 ! (5 (5 6(""'B '6(5 6'6$ (4!"'B 5 '5'?"'5 , ' '=$9 8'#4$ ?E 5=$6" !59 5 '= # "$4!"'5 !Z, 3'5 #" 'B 8 6 5 55 6( ' 5$" B. >(='9 "', 5'&"$6$9 N ' 5 [(5 6(""EB "(3'5 $ ' 4 54(3 9 "5 " V 3'M(5 6(""'#' 5$8'5'V=$"(" 9, "( '&6'49Z[(8 V 3'M" 8(W $ ! $8, #3( 65(#' 6(='9 "(( 8'M"' W4( " !59, '" &?(#$( ' 5E6$ ! 3(B5 6 9, 4 , 'S"((, "( (=(3$( 3(B5 6 B 6 =$&6(=" '8 &4'M(" . R'N '8 (#' '6(5 =$55 $&E 'S A(4 '8 5'5 '9 & 3 $4'#'6 "$ b'"( =$&"''?=$&"EV 3( '=$A B - =( =$5"EV, 3'4# V =$&#'6'='6, =(=E6$(8EV =(4(5 "E8 =$ 8 ? '#=$b 98 &E5 $""E8 5(4!5 8 (B&$M$8 . %3"$ ' '#3$ '" 56'=$S 6$( 5' 56'(#' ' =$649( 59 6 ' 5 $V =$5' E &$ =(3(4E 5 $= ""EV = 55 V $= '6 5$3'6, '" 69&$( 6 '8(=& (4!"'B 54$[$6'5 . g#' 8 5 $ 659 ' $"$ 3 V$8 , &E? 'B 3E8 'B 3'M39, '"$ ='5 $( 5 6'&! 4$5 S" Z M 6' 5! 5 $= ""EV '= =( '6, ' '=E( 6 4Z? Z 8 " 8'# 'M !, 8(4! $( 8(M 8=$8'="EV '4'"" ='S(B ? $b'= . % (#' = 6 3(" B V'4'3' "( ?(M ' (4 , 6(="((, ?(M , "' $'B- ' 5 =$""EB. % 5E6$9 =$5' ' = M$Z[(B M &" , '" "( M$4(( =$5' , ='5 'W! 6 (#' =(35 $64(" ' $&E6$( 59 58(5!Z «&'4' $, V= 5 $49, W(4 $, ?= 4!9"'6, A6( '6, b'" $"'6»; =$W(""E( A6( $8 , "' ?(3"' '3( E( ='8$" S(5 ( ?$=EW" 4E6 "$ 4'3 $V, =$5(6$9 (5" , $ 3(6 AE 5 &'4' E8 ? $8 6 = $V =$&6$4 6W (59 "$ #= "EV W =$V (5 86'4E V &$"9B) 5 =$ 6$Z W 8"E( #= [$ "$ ?(=(# . «C V' 6'=(" 9 6 ='&(» (1883) - 5$8'( 5 $=(6W(( & (#' =' &6(3(" B. ^3(5! b$4!W 6$9 8(4'3 9 (=( 4(-
139
$( 59 5 3(W(6E8 6(4 '4( (8, $ b 4'5'b 9 "(3'5 $'S"' #4 ?' $ 349 6E4$64 6$" 9 M(8S #$. D(8 "( 8("(( '" 5S $Z 59 '?=$&A$8 S 5 'B =$&8(=(""'B = 55 'B ='&E. 7' $6 '=5 '( 6''?=$M(" ( " '#3$ "( '3" 8$( 59 6EW( &? EV 5 86'4'6 (b(B = 6 3(" B), (54 ='&$ - 6 (( 4 SW(8 5 '4"(" - "$ '8 "$( # 5 '( 8'4' ', ' N 5 V' 6'=(" 9 6 ='&( 8'M"' 5=$6" ! 5 8'4'S"E8 = 5 $8 . >(='9 "', 4 SW((, S ' '" "$ 5$4 - «^$ 5 'V' " $». 7(58' =9 "$ ' =(3(4("" Z 3($4 &$A Z =(5 !9", 6 " #( ' $3$Z 59 5 4ZS (4!"' =$63 6E(, 5$8'?E "E( (=5'"$M "( ' '=E( ' 5$" 9 - '?5 $"'6 , V$=$ (='6 , '"(S"' M(, = ='3E. C=(3 65(V =#("(65 V #(='(6 5$8 Z ?'4!W Z 54$6 , "$6(="'(, = "(54 (8 « =#("(65 ( 3(6 W ». \$W$ («>(W" ( 6'3E») [7( 'S"'5 ! >.7$?' '6$: #(=' "Z «>(W" V 6'3» &'6 iM(88'B, (( 6=93 4 8'M"' "$&6$ ! « =#("(65 'B 3(6 W 'B». - R= 8. =(3.], 7$ $4!9 («X 3 "»), @ &$ («i6'=9"5 '( #"(&3'»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
«
$
» (1862)
«% AE 3( » "( '4! ' 4 SW B ='8$" D =#("(6$, '3"' & 5$8EV ?4 5 $ (4!"EV =' &6(3(" B 19 6. D =#("(6 3$4'5! 6' 4' ! 56'B &$8E5(4: 5'&3$ ! 8 M5 'B V$=$ (= 8'4'3'#' = 55 '#' S(4'6( $, " S ! "( 'V'M(#' "$ M ="$4 5 5 Z 4 5'A $4 5 S(5 '#' 'W ?$ 6 ' M( 6=(89 4 W(""'#' 659 '#' 5$8'$"$4 &$. j ' #'6'= !, Y$&$='6 - 5 4!"EB S(4'6( , (=(B3 '" = -
140
3A$ 4( " B = ?(M ( '#3$ 8E 65 =(S$(859 5 " 8, '" &$$"S 6$( " 6(=5 ( ), "$6(="9 $ 8'# ?E 5 $ ! 6(4 8 8E54 (4(8, &6(5 "E8 6=$S'8 4 3(9 (4!"E8 =(6'4ZA '"(='8. 7' 6 = ='3( =#("(65 '#' $4$" $ (#' 5 55 6$ (5 ! '3"$ '?[$9 ?'4(&"(""$9 S(= $: '" ?E4 "(5 '5'?(" = 6(5 8 M5 ( (=5'"$M '?(3( 6 =(3(4$V 56'(#' &$8E54$. Y'4(( '#', &$ '=E6 5 '5 !Z 5 4'B 6'4 , &$ "( 5 '6E8 V4$3"' ='6 (8 #(='9 5 =E6$( 59 = ='3"$9 Z"'W(5 $9 E4 '5 !, ' '= Z Y$&$='6 5S $( "(5'68(5 8'B 5 5 ='6'5 !Z ? 3 [(#' " # 4 5 $. a ' " # 4 &8 '4 $( (#' 3(8'"5 =$ 6"' ' 6(=#$ ! ' = A$ ! 65( "$ 56( (, "' "( 8'M( '56'?'3 ! ' 5 =$5 "'B 4Z?6 - 4 = 8 = ! N ' S 65 6' 5 (#' 6ǭ'8 "$ M 6' " Z = ='3 4Z?6 . @Z?'6! ' $&E6$( 59 S(8- ' ?'4!W 8, S(8 b'=8'B ? '4'# S(5 '#' 5 [(5 6'6$" 9. X'8$" S(5 B '#'"!, 6"(&$ "' 'V6$ 6W B (#' 3 W , = 6'3 (#' 6 589 (" (, "' ' 6(S$( =(?'6$" 98 5 ""'#' 5 55 6$, ='? M3$9 6 Y$&$='6( (5(5 6("" Z 4'# 8'4'3'5 , 6EV'39[ Z &$ =$8 &'B, 8'&= (4!"'B 5 5 (8E - 6 3$""'8 54 S$(, " # 4 &8$. D =#("(6 $ ?E &64( $( 56'(#' #(='9 & "$69&$""'#' 8 5$8'8 5(?( W$?4'"$ '8([$( 6 "'=8$4!"EB 8 =, #3( A$=5 6 ( 54 S$B. %" 3$( (8 8(=( ! "( ' $ '#'- ' 6" =(""(#' = & 5$, "' ' = V' 54( 'B b'= "E. Y$&$='6 8 =$( 5' 5 ' 'B"E8 8 M(5 6'8, $ "$ '4( ?'9, "' 6 V'3( (#' (5 ! S '- ' ' '=$M(" 9, 6 '4"( 5'&6 S"'#' '?[(8 "$5 ='(" Z ' '="'5 5 3!?(, ' '='( ' =$W 6$( 65( 6'=S(5 6' D =#("(6$. j $ (4! &$8( - 6 56'( 6=(89 9 '?=$[ (#' 6" 8$" ( "$ 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[ ( ' =E6 , - S ' 36'( ' A'6 3939 6 ='8$"( "( '4! ' 5'6(=W(""' "( 'V'M "$ ;= $3 9 Y$&$='6$, "' $ M( 3= # "$ 3= #$. R= 8(S$ (4!"' ', S ' ;= $3 B #'=$&3' 89#S(, ='[(, '?E "'6(""(B "'=8$4!"(B Y$&$='6$. \E '5 $"'6 859 "$ "( ' '=EV ' =E6 $V, '5'?(""' M 6EV &"$S (4!"EV. 7$ = 8(=, 8'M"' &$8( ! 6' S '. f 5 $='#' < =5$"'6$ (5 ! 6'&4Z?4(""$9: V$9, "(M"$9, 5'6(=W(""' 'S$='6$ (4!"$9 ?$=EW"9 & ='5 EV. O(" S $ S"$9 =#("(65 $9 #(=' "9, $55 6"EB M("5 B (=5'"$M ='8$"$; 6' = # "(w 6=$[$Z 59 = 8 M5 V: 7 '4$B < =5$"'6 (#' ?=$ R$6(4, ' '='8 '"$ ' 5 =$""'B #=( 6''?=$M(" 9 "$ '8 "$( '?=$& ?E4'B 5 =$5 , ' $4 6W(B 65Z
141
(#' M &"!, $ ='8( '#', 5 "(B b4 = ( Y$&$='6, N ' 4(# B b4 = = 6'3 3 N4 . %3"$ ' = S "'B (#' # ?(4 5 $"( "( O(" S $, $ 5E "'B b.
***
^$8( 8 4Z?' E " Z '5'?(""'5 ! '8 '& A . D =#("(6 5 ' "( 8'6(="EV 5 4 B $ 54(3 ( =(35 $6 ! "$8 56' V #(='(6, '" "$3(49( V &"$6$(8E8 S(= $8 '?5 '9 (4!"'B ='3'54'6"'B, "' 6' '" 5'?=$4 65( '3='?"'5 6'(3 "', =$55 $& 63= # '?=E6$( 59, &$"$6(5 $3$( , 9M(4'6(5"EB N 4'# 3'4M(" '&$?' !59 '?' 65(8, S ' 54 S 59 5 6E8EW4(""E8 (=5'"$M$8 &$ =(3(4$8 ='8$"$. d "( V'S 5 $&$ !, S ' 6 '6(5 6'6$" "( 5'?E B. 7$ =' 6, ='8$" "$5E[(" 3(B5 6 (8, 6 "(8 =' 5V'39 55'=E ='S ( 5 '4 "'6(" 9, 3$M( 3 N4! 58(= ! Y$&$='6$ 5' ='6'M3$Z 59 #4 ?' 8 3=$8$ &8'8. 7' 6E 6 3 (, S ' 6' 6=(89 =$&6 9 3(B5 6 9 $6 '= 5 =(8 59 5' =$ ! = =$5 ! ='W4'( 56' V #(='(6 "$ '49V =' 5V'39[ V 5'?E B; '" '5 '9""' '&$?'S(" (8, $ ?E '4 SW( =$5 =E ! V V$=$ (=, 3 W 8 5 '8'[!Z "$#493"EV 44Z5 =$A B, "$ = 8(= &'?=$M$9 = 69&$""'5 ! ='5 EV 4Z3(B Y$&$='6 4 5 =(84(" ( ;= $3 9 M ! 5'#4$5"' "'6'B 8 3='5 3= #$. 25 55 6' (=(V'3$ ' (8E (8( - 5$8'( = 3"'( 349 5$ (49, 3$M( $ 'B (=6' 4$55"EB V 3'M" , $ D =#("(6, "$ 6(=W "( 56'(#' 6'=S(5 6$ ( =(35 $6499 5(?( '5=(35 6(""'#' S $ (49, = 6E W(#' ' =$?'$""'B 5V(8(), "( 8'M( 5 '9 ! (=(3 5'?4$&"'8 =$3 A '""'#' (=(V'3$ ' '3"'B 5A("E 3= #'B. D =#("(65 ( (=(V'3E N4(8(" $="E 3$M( =$b$=( "E. j $9 ='8$" '5 $"$64 6$95! "$ =$&"EV '5'?(""'5 9V 5 49 '8 '& A , 8E '5 ( (""' 5'?(=(8 "(?'4!W Z '44( A Z N V = 8 6"EV = (8'6. >"$S$4( &6 S
" '"$A 9 65
4(" 9:
142
« - j ', R( =? 7( 6 3$ ! ([(? - 5 =$W 6$4 20 8$9 1859 #'3$ <...> ?$= " 4( 5'=' $ 5 "(?'4!W 8...» .3., .3. R' '8 = (&M$( ;= $3 B, $ &$ (8 8E &"$ '8 859 5 Y$&$='6E8: «7 '4$B R( ='6 S ?E5 =' '?(=" 459 , '3'B39 S(4'6( 6E5' '#' ='5 $ 6 34 ""'8 ?$4$V'"( 5 5 98 , '4! ' S ' 6E4(&W(8 & $=$" $5$, =( ' 5 5" 4 (#' '?"$M("" Z =$5" Z = , ' '= Z ' "( 5=$& (8 '3$4. - i W(6"' =$3, - "$S$4 '": 8(=(" ( '5( ! "$5; <...> ' S(5 6'?
?4$#'3$=(" &$ 3'?='( "$'&6'4! ( &"$ ! 6$W( 89
- g6#(" B >$5 4!(6, - ' 6(S$4 Y$&$='6 4(" 6E8, "' 8 M(5 6(""E8 #'4'5'8 , ' 6(=" 6 6'=' " ?$4$V'"$, ' $&$4 7 '4$Z R( ='6 S 65( 56'( 4 A'. i4 ""'( V 3'(, 5 W =' 8 4?'8, 6(=V 4'5 8, " & &$'5 =(""E8 "'5'8, ?'4!W 8 &(4("'6$ E8 #4$&$8 6 59S 8 ?$ ("?$=3$8 (5'S"'#' A6( $, '"' 'M 6494'5! 5 ' 'B"'Z 4E? 'B 6E=$M$4' 5$8' 6(=(""'5 ! 8. - 7$3(Z5!, 4Z?(&"(BW B g6#(" B >$5 4! S, S ' 6E "( 5'5 S (5! "$5, - ='3'4M$4 7 '4$B R( ='6 S. D'" ( # ?E Y$&$='6$ S ! ='" 4 5!, "' '" " S(#' "( ' 6(S$4 '4! ' = '3"94 b =$M . g#' (8"'?(4' =E( 6'4'5E, 34 ""E( # 5 E(, "( 5 =E6$4 = "EV 6E 4'5 (B ='5 '="'#' S(=( $». C 393(B R$64'8 "$5 &"$ '89 6 "$S$4( 4-B #4$6E: «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
143
"'5 ! ' 5 =(84(" ( 66(=V, ='S! ' &(84 , ' '='( ?'4!W(Z S$5 !Z 5S(&$( '54( 36$3A$ EV #'3'6. R$6(4 R( ='6 S 6E" 4 & $=8$"$ $" $4'" 56'Z =$5 6 Z = 5 34 ""E8 ='&'6E8 "'# 98 , = , $&$6W Z59 ([( =$5 6(B ' 5"(M"'B ?(4 &"E = $6S $, &$5 (#" '#' '3 "' 8 = "E8 ' $4'8, '3$4 (( 4(89"" . C'6(=W 6 =(36$= (4!"' (6=' (B5 '( «shake hands», '" = =$&$, '-= 55 , 'A(4'6$459 5 " 8, ' (5 ! = =$&$ = '5" 459 56' 8 3 W 5 E8 5$8 3' (#' [( , ='#'6'= 4: - i'?=' 'M$4'6$ !». %" 5 Y$&$='6E8 "(6&4Z? 4 3= # 3= #$ 5 (=6'#' 6ǭ$, &3(5! D =#("(6 5 '4!& ( '8(3 B"EB = (8, 5'&3$6$9 5 88( = S"EB = 5 "' , '#3$ $M3EB (=5'"$M ' ' 3(4!"'5 5 '6(3 ( 59 (=(3 56' 8 3= #'8. D$ , 3939 R$6(4, =$&#'6$= 6$9 5 ?=$ '8, = ( "(' =9 "EB 6 3 Y$&$='6$, $ "(8"'#' '#'39, ?(5(3 9 5 ;= $3 (8 '54( M "$, Y$&$='6 = ( 6(4 '4( "' ' '4 ='6$""E( "'# R$64$. R='5 (BW$9 5 88( = S"$9 '"5 = A 9, '5'?(""' 'S(6 3"$9 ' '#', S ' =$5' $ '8 '& A =(6'5V'3 (( 54'6"'5 !. R(=6EB M ", ='6(3(""EB 68(5 (, ='V'3 V'. i939 R$6(4 M( 5 '4 " 459 5 Y$&$='6E8, "' 8E 3'4M"E 3'M3$ !59 V ' =E 'B =$&8'46 . > 5$8'8 '"A( 4-B #4$6E 6 '=? 393 R$64$ ' $3$( ([( '3 " (=5'"$M: R$6(4 R( ='6 S «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». R' $6 '=5 '8 &$8E54 " M"' 569&$ ! R$64$ R( ='6 S$ 5 6'&4Z?4(""'B (#' ?=$ $. >54(3 &$ S $ (4(8 ;= $3 B '" 8$( , S ' "(#' (5 ! 8$4("! B ?=$ \ 9. ^$6 =$ "$S "$( 59 ?(& Y$&$='6$. R'S6$ ([( "( #' '6$, D =#("(6 ' =$649( Y$&$='6$ 5'? =$ ! 49# W( , ' $ ;= $-
144
3 B =$5 '4 '6E6$( 4'5'b Z:
R$64
R( ='6 S
?$&$='65
Z b -
« - j ' $ '( Y$&$='6? - ;= $3 B 58(V" 459. - e' 393ZW $, 9 6$8 5 $M , S ' '", 5'?5 6(""', $ '(?
(,
- C3(4$B ( '3'4M(" (, 4(89"" S( . - %" " # 4 5 .
- <$ ? - 5 ='5 4 7 '4$B R( ='6 S, $ R$6(4 R( ='6 S '3"94 "$ 6'&3 V "'M 5 5 '8 8$54$ "$ '"A( 4(&6 9 '5 $459 "( '36 M(". - %" " # 4 5 , -
'6 '= 4 ;= $3 B.
- 7 # 4 5 , - ='#'6'= 4 7 '4$B R( ='6 S. - a ' ' 4$"5 '#' nihil, " S(#', 5 '4! ' 9 8'# 5 3 !; 5 $4' ?E !, N ' 54'6' '&"$S$( S(4'6( $, ' '=EB... ' '=EB " S(#' "( = &"$( ? - C $M : ' '=EB " S(#' "( 6$M$( , ='6 S 5"'6$ = "9459 &$ 8$54'. - <' '=EB ' 65(8 &$8( 4 ;= $3 B.
' "'5
59 5
=
'3V6$
4 R$6(4 R( -
S(5 'B 'S
&=(" 9, -
- ; N ' "( 65( =$6"'? - 5 ='5 4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S.
- 7( , "( 65( =$6"'. 7 # 4 5 5 4'"9( 59 " (=(3 $ 8 = " 8$( " '3"'#' = "A M(" (8 " ?E4 ' = M(" N '
, N ' S(4'6( , ' '=EB "( $6 '= ( $8 , ' '=EB "( $ "$ 6(= , $ 8 ?E 6$= "A . <...>
- >' $ . 7 , N ', 9 6 M , "( ' "$W(B S$5 .<...> R=(M3( ?E4 #(#(4 5 E, $ ( (=! " # 4 5 E. R'58' = 8, $ 6E ? 3( ( 5 [(5 6'6$ ! 6 5 ' (, 6 ?(&6'&3 W"'8 ='5 =$"5 6(; $ ( (=! '&6'" - $, 'M$4 B5 $, ?=$ , 7 '4$B R( ='6 S, 8"( '=$ ! 8'B $ $'». C=$& M( '54( N '#' '9649( 59 O(" S $. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ 6'5V (4!"'( ' 5$" (: «a ' ?E4$ 8'4'3$9 M("[ "$ 4( 36$3A$ =(V, 659 ?(4("! $9 89#$9, 5 (8"E8 6'4'5$8 #4$&$8 , 5 =$5"E8 , 3( 5 V496E8 # ? $8 "(M"E8 = S $8 . 7$ "(B ?E4' ' =9 "'( 5 A(6'( 4$ !(; #'4 ?$9 "'6$9 '5E" $ 4(# '
145
4(M$4$ "$ (( = #4EV 4(S$V. %"$ "(54$ ?'4!W Z S$W$ $' , '5 $6 6 (( (=(3 R$64'8 R( ='6 S(8, 659 &$5 E3 4$5!: #'=9S$9 ='6! =$&4 4$5! $4'Z 6'4"'B '3 '" 'Z 'M A(B (( 8 4'6 3"'#' 4 A$. %"$ ' 5 4$ #4$&$ '5 $"'6 4$5! 5 '4$, 54(# $ ' =$95! "$ 5$8E( '"S $4!A(6. <$&$4'5!, (B 5'6(5 "' ?E4', S ' '"$ = W4$, 6 ' M( 6=(89 '"$ $ ? 3 ' S 65 6'6$4$, S ' 8(4$ =$6' = B ». > '"A( #4$6E 6'&6=$[$( 59 'V' " &$ 49# W $8 , 6 54(3 Z[(B #4$6( 5 '4'6$9, #3( 65( 5$39 59 &$6 =$ $ !, 5 $"'6 59 $=("'B (=6'#' 5=$M(" 9 8(M3 393(B R$64'8 8'4'3E8 " # 4 5 '8, 6 ' '='8 '?$ 5 4!"' &$3 =$Z 3= # 3= #$: « - ;= $3 B 7 '4$ S 5(BS$5 5 $&E6$4, S ' 6E "( &"$( ( " $ V $6 '= ( '6? 7( 6(= ( 8?
= -
- i$ &$S(8 M( 9 5 $" V = &"$6$ !? 2 S(8 9 ? 3 6(= !? \"( 5 $M 3(4', 9 5'#4$W$Z5! - 6' 65(. - ; "(8AE 65( 3(4' #'6'=9 ? - ='8'46 4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S, 4 A' (#' = "94' $ '( ?(& S$5 "'(, ' 3$4(""'( 6E=$M(" (, 54'6"' '" 6(5! W(4 6 $ Z- ' &$'?4$S" Z 6E5!. - 7( 65(, - ' 6( 4 5 '=' 8 &(6 '8 Y$&$='6, ' '='8 96"' "( V' (4'5! ='3'4M$ ! 54'6' =(" (.<...> - j ' $5$( 59 3' 8("9, - &$#'6'= 4 '" (R$6(4 R( ='6 S) ' 9 !, "( ?(& "( ' '='#' 5 4 9, - 9 "(8A(6, #=(W"EB S(4'6( , "( M$4 Z. % = 55 V "(8A$V 9 M( "( '8 "$Z: &6(5 "', S ' N ' &$ AE. <...> Y=$ 6' 8 '5'?(""' ?4$#' = 9 5 6 ( ... ; ( (=! 'W4 65w $ (- ' V 8 3$ 8$ (= $4 5 E... - R'=93'S"EB V 8 (=(? 4 Y$&$='6».
6 36$3A$ ! =$&
'4(&"(( 659 '#'
'N $, -
%
=$64995! "$ 4'64Z 49# W( , Y$&$='6 "$V'3 =(3B, $ '" D =#("(6 5S $Z , N &(8 49= M $. R=$6 4!"(( ?E4' ?E 5 $&$ !, 6 3, $ "( N &(8 49=, N ' 6'39"'B M 6'65( "( =(3 B. D'4! ' "(6(M3$ 6 ? '4'# 8'# (=( $ ! 6 3 5 N &(8 49='8. >''?[(, =#("(65 ( ' 5$" 9 ?$&$='65 'B '44( A 3'6'4!"' 54$?E(. ^$8( ! (, S ', "(58' =9 "$ ', S ' D =#("(6 3'-
146
6'4!"' [$ (4!"' '3#' '6 4 5A(" (=6'#' 5=$M(" 9, #= ?'5 ! R$64$ R( ='6 S$ '=$M$( S $ (49 $M( 59 "( 'S("! =$63' '3'?"'B. R=$63' '3'? (8 9 "$&E6$Z 65(#' 4 W! ', S ' 5=(3"(""EB S $ (4! 5S $( 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[ 8 5=(3"(""'B =$63( M &" . D( (=! 6 5'&"$" S $ (49 3939 R$6(4 ' (S$ $459 $ 5 4ZS (4!"' 8'3"EB ' E "EB V'4("EB #'5 '3 ", ' '=EB (36$ 4 " & 59 3' '#', S '?E &$5E $ ! 6' ='5$8 N '#' 9&6 (4!"'#' 8$4!S W , 54 S$B"'#' #'5 9 (#' ?=$ $ 3= #$ (#' 4(89"" $. d '89" 4, S ' ' 5 =$""'B 54 S$B"'5 6 =#("(65 'B '8 '& A 3=$8$ S(5 Z S$5 ! '6(5 6'6$" 9 '?ES"' =(36$=9( '3='?"EB =$55 $& ' ='W4'8 #(='(6. 244Z5 =$A Z 8E "$V'3 8 6 6-B #4$6(: «2 ;= $3 B =$55 $&$4 (8 5 '= Z 56'(#' 393 ». 25 '= 9 N $ '6(3$"$ S $ (4Z 6 7-B #4$6( &$8( "' "$= W$( (S(" ( '4! ' S ' "$S$6W(#'59 '6(5 6'6$" 9. \E S $(8 ' 4Z?6 R$64$ R( ='6 S$ '?6'='M (4!"'B =' '6'B "9# "( X., 6'&6=$[$Z[(B "$5 6 30-( #'3E ='W4'#' 6( $. a $ ='8$" S(5 $9 '5'?$ - 5b " 5, &$#$3E6$Z[ B &$#$3 , =(W(" ( ' '=EV '"$ "$W4$, &$"96W 5! 8 5 A &8'8, - '5 $649( R$64$ < =5$"'6$ 6 1838 #. 8 =$( 6 1848-8. C (V '= 3' "$5 '9[(#' 6=(8(" , ' (5 ! 3' 1859 #., R$6(4 < =5$"'6 ='M 6$( 6 8(" ?=$ $. > '54(35 6 8E '?"$= M 8, S ' O(" S $ "( '4! ' &$8(" 4$ 8(=W Z M(" 7 '4$9 < =5$"'6$, \$= Z, "' "9# "Z X. 349 R$64$ < =5$"'6$, - ([( '3 " = 8(= ='5 (BW(B '8 '& A '""'B 5 88( = . \E 6 3 8 '8"$ O(" S #4$&$8 R$64$ R( ='6 S$: «7(?'4!W$9, " &("! $9 '8"$ $, 6 ' '='B '" "$V'3 459, ?E4$ 'S("! S 5 $ Z "$. > "(B $V4' "(3$6"' 6E =$W(""E8 '4'8, ='8$W 'B 8(4 55'B. >3'4! 5 (" 5 '94 5 4!9 5 &$3 $8 6 6 3( 4 =; '" ?E4 4("E ([( ' 'B" '8 #("(=$4'8 6 R'4!W(, 6' 6=(89 'V'3$; 6 '3"'8 #4 6'&6EW$4$5! ='6$ $ '3 5(B"E8 '4'#'8, =93'8 5 '6$"E8 5 "3 '8 5 = #4'Z =EW 'B. > =' 6' '4'M"'8 #4 #'=(4$ 4$8 $3 $ (=(3 ?'4!W 8 (8"E8 '?=$&'8 7 '4$9 j 3' 6'=A$; ='W(S"'( b$=b'='6'( 9 S ' "$ =$5"'B 4(" ( 6 5(4' "$ #= 3 569 '#', = A( 4(""'( 5 9" Z; "$ ' "$V ?$" 5 ='W4'-
147
#'3" 8 6$=("!(8, [$ (4!"' &$69&$""E(, 5 6'& 4 &(4("E8 56( '8; "$ ? 8$M"EV V =EW $V 5$8$ O(" S $ "$ 5$4$ = "E8 ? 6$8 : « = M'6" »; 7 '4$B R( ='6 S 4Z? 4 '5'?(""' N ' 6$=("!(. R'3 ' '4 '8, "$ 34 ""'8 W" = (, 6 5(4$ 4( $ 5 '=' 'V6'5 E8 S M'8; '" ?(5 =(5 $""' S = $4 =E#$4, 4( $ ?(5=(5 $""' $S$4$5! 3='M$4$; '"' 49"E( &(="$ 5 4(# 8 5 '8 $3$4 "$ '4. > ='5 (" (, "$3 "(?'4!W 8 '8'3'8, 6 5(4 3'6'4!"' 4'V ( b' '#=$b S(5 ( '= =( E 7 '4$9 R( ='6 S$ 6 =$&"EV '4'M(" 9V, 53(4$""E( &$(&M 8 V 3'M" '8; M( 6 5(4$ b' '#=$b 9 5$8'B O(" S , 5'6(=W(""' "( 3$6W$959: $'(- ' ?($&'( 4 A' "$ =9M(""' 4E?$4'5! 6 (8"'B =$8'S (, - ?'4!W( " S(#' "(4!&9 ?E4' =$&'?=$ !; $ "$3 O(" S 'B - g=8'4'6, 6 ? = (, #='&"' V8 = 459 "$ ' 3$4(""E( <$6 $&5 ( #'=E, &- '3 W(4 '6'#' ?$W8$S $ 349 ? 4$6' , $3$6W(#' (8 "$ 5$8EB 4'?». D( (=! '58' = 8 "$ ', $ =$55 $& 5"'6$ =(=E6$( 59, S '?E $6 '= 8'# =$55 $&$ ! ' (( ='W4'8: «7 '4$B R( ='6 S '&"$ '8 459 5 O(" S 'B 54(3 Z[ 8 '?=$&'8. %3"$M3E, #'3$ = '8 "$&$3, (8 = W4'5! "'S(6$ ! "$ '5 '94'8 36'=( 6 ' 3$4(""'8 (&3"'8 #'='3(. g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b 4! (( ?(4("! '#' 4 A$. D$ ='W4' ?'4(( #'3$».
148
%" 4(S (( 6'5 $4(""EB #4$&, ' '=EB 5 '=' &$M 4, "' «6 (S$ 4(" (, =' &6(3(""'( (Z "$ 7 '4$9 R( ='6 S$, ='W4' "( 5 '='. g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» >5( 3( $4 ='5 ' 6'5V (4!"E, $ ' 5$" ( 6'5 $4 6W(#'59 #4$&$ - "$5 '9[(( =' &6(3(" ( 5 55 6$; "' '8 '& A 9 54$?$9, 6(5! $?&$A, &$6(=W$Z[ B N 5A(" , "( 3$S"EB " S(8 "( 6E3$Z[ B59. «%5 $4!"'( 3'5 $&E6$ ! "(S(#'»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l ?(= $.
*** 7$S$4' 10-B #4$6E =( =$5"' 44Z5 = = ( 3= #'B S"EB =#("(65 B = (8 - " '"$A Z, ' '= Z 8E 54EW 8 6 N 4'#$V (#' '=' V =$55 $&'6, 4 , $ &3(5!, '#3$ $6 '= 5S $( "('?V'3 8E8 '5 $"'6 !59 = " 8$( 59 =$558$ = 6$ !, = 6'3 ! 6 '=93' (-
149
=( $5'6E6$ ! 56' V (=5'"$M(B. >' $ N ' =' 5V'3 - $ &$ 3$( 59 349 ' '&"$" 9 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A. \E 6 3 8 Y$&$='6$ #4$&$8 3= # V 4Z3(B: «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«" # 4 5 $» 5'8"(6$459 6 '4!&( (#' 64 9" 9 "$ ;= $3 9; "' '" 'V' "' (#' 54 W$4, 'V' "' = 5 5 6'6$4 = (#' b & S(5 V V 8 S(5 V ' E $V. Y$&$='6 = 6(& 5 5'?'B 8 ='5 ' , ' A(4E8 S$5$8 5 " 8 6'& 459. C4 # $ M( = 69&$4 5! "(8 , V' 9 '" "$3 " 8 '3 = " 6$4: '" S 65 6'6$4 , S ' '" 65(- $ 56'B ?=$ , "( ?$= ". <...> 36'='6E( 8$4!S W ?(#$4 &$ «3'V ='8», $ 5'?$S'" . %3 " 5 $= R=' 'b! S "( 4Z? 4 (#' <...> R=' 'b! S, '56'(8 , ?E4 $= 5 ' =$ "( V M( R$64$ R( ='6 S$». D( (=! 6 (=6E( 6 ='8$"( 8E 65 =(S$(859 5 3'6'4!"' 5 S"E8 = (8'8 '354 W 6$" 9, "$ ' '='8 9 '3='?"' '5 $"$64 6$459, =$&? =$9 ='& @(=8'" '6$: «%3"$M3E '" $ - ' 3'4#' &$8(W $4 5!; 7 '4$B R( ='6 S 6EW(4 " 8 "$65 =(S 6 5$3 , '='6"96W 5! 5 ?(5(3'B, 63= # 54EW$4 ?E5 =E( W$# #'4'5$ '?' V 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B. %" W4 ' 5 '='" ?(5(3 "( 8'#4 (#' 6 3( !. - DE ' A$ "(3'5 $ 'S"' &"$(W!, - #'6'= 4 ;= $3 B. 7
'4$B R( ='6 S =
$ 459.
- D6'B ' (A 3'?=EB 8$4EB, - ='8'46 4 Y$&$='6, - "' '" S(4'6( ' 5 $6"'B, (#' (5(" $ 5 ( $. 7
'4$B R( ='6 S = "
V'8... ;= $3 B " S(#' "( ' 6(S$4.
«% 5 $6"'B S(4'6( » '5 '94 8 " "' ' 4(459 3'8'B.
E 36( "( '36 M"'
8(34("-
150
- D=( !(#' 3"9, 9 58' =Z, '" R W "$ S $( , - ='3'4M$4 8(M3 (8 Y$&$='6. - X$5 '4 B (8 , 'M$4 B5 $, S ' N ' " 3$ "( #'3 59. >(3! '" "( 8$4!S : '=$ ?='5 ! N (= "3 . 2 'V' $ M( ?E ! ='8$" '8 6 "E"(W"(( 6=(89! i$B (8 S '-" ? 3! 3(4!"'( 'S $ !. - j ' ?E (8 3$ !? - 5 ='5 4 ;= $3 B. - i$ 9 3 8$Z, YZV"(='6' «Stoff und Kraft» "$
(=6EB 54 S$B.
- d 5$8 $ 3 8$Z, - &$8( 4 '3'?= (4!"' ;= $3 B. «Stoff und Kraft» "$ 5$"' ' 49="E8 9&E '8». C'&3$( 59 6 (S$ 4(" (, ? 3 ' D =#("(6 W$= 6 ' 5 $V $ '#'- ' 5 55 6(""'#' = (8$, S '?E 'M 6 ! 56'B =$55 $&: «Stoff und Kraft» («\$ (= 9 5 4$») =' &6'39 "(?'4!W'B '8 S(5 B Nbb( . ^$ (8 6'&" $( "'6$9 4$ 6 4 A( \$ 6(9 <'49& "$, 36'Z='3"'#' ?=$ $ < =5$"'6EV, 6'5 $""'#' 393(B <'49& "E8. a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j $ (4! 8'M( 4 W! 58 "' =(35 $6 ! V.) 7' 5"$S$4$ " M"' S( ' =(35 $649 ! b'", "$ ' '='8 =' 5V'3 3(B5 6 (: «X(S! &$W4$ '? '3"'8 & 5'5(3" V '8([ '6. «i=9"!, $= 5 ' =$ W '», - =$6"'3 W"' &$8( 4 Y$&$='6, ' '=EB 65 =(S$459 5 " 8 6 R((=? =#(. - R'&6'4! ( 6$5 5 ='5 !, - "$S$4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S, # ?E (#' &$3='M$4 : - ' 6$W 8 '"9 98 54'6$: «3=9"!» «$= 5 ' =$ » '3"' ' M( '&"$S$Z ? - d 5 $&$4: «$= 5 ' =$ W '», V4(?E6$9 #4' ' S$Z. <...>
='#'6'= 4 Y$&$='6, 4(" 6' ' -
151
R$6(4 R( ='6 S '?4(3"(4.
- a ' 5'6(=W(""' 3= #'B 6' ='5. \"( 6'65( "( = V'3 59 '?c95"9 ! 6$8 ( (=!, 'S(8 9 5 M 54'M$ = , $ 6E &6'4 ( 6E=$M$ !59. d V'S '4! ' 5 $&$ !, S ' $= 5 ' =$ &8 - = "5 , $ ?(& = "5 '6 M ! 6 "$W( 6=(89 8'# '3" ?(&"=$65 6(""E( 4 5 E( 4Z3 . <...> R$6(4 R( ='6 S 54(# $
= [ = 459.
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
!59, - '3V6$
4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S.
- 7( , 49# W( =(&$ !. R'B3(8, ;= $3 B; 3' 56 3$" 9, #'5 '3$!»
2" (=(5"', S ' 349 (=(3$S 8'"$5 ='(" 9 #(='(6 D =#("(6 =(3 'S $( &'?=$M$ ! '3'?"E( 5A("E, $ "( '5 #4$6"EV 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A. > 11-B #4$6( N ' 5 $"'6 59 '5'?(""' 96"E8, '#3$ $6 '= 5' '5 $649( 36 V ?=$ !(6, R$64$ 7 '4$9, 8 8'V'3'8 6'&" $( S$= Z[ B (B&$M («fM( 6(S(=(4'; 5'4"A( 5 =E4'5! &$ "(?'4!W Z '5 "'6 Z ='[ , 4(M$6W Z 6 '46(=5 ( ' 5$3$: ("! ' "(( ?(& '"A$ 9" 4$5! S(=(& "( '36 M"E( '49»). C4(3 Z[ ( #4$6E '569[("E '(&3 ( ;= $3 9 Y$&$='6$ 6 #'='3. D( (=! #'='3 =(35 $( $ (=(6$4'S"EB " 569& Z[(( &6("' 8(M3 =5$"'65 8 '8(5 !-
152
(8 ?$&$='65 8 &$#'='3"E8 3'8'8, =$5 '4'M(""E8 6 = 3A$ 6(=5 $V ' #'='3$ 6 3= #'8 "$ =$64(" . ;6 '= &'?=$M$( "(5 '4! ' 96"' b$=5'6EV (=5'"$M(B. 289 #-M %3 "A'6'B 6 (=6E( '8 "$( 59 6 3'8( (=(3'6'B b(8 " 5 : « - g5 ! &3(5! V'='W("! 6$9 =( !Z =Z8 .
( M("[ "E? - 5 ='5 4 Y$&$='6, 3'
-
- g5 !, - ' 6(S$4$ g63' 5 9, - 3$ 65( '" $ ( 5 E(. 7$ = 8(=, mon amie %3 "A'6$ - "(3 ="$. h$4!, S ' =($A 9 "(B $ $9- '...» Y$&$='6 65 =(S$( #-M %3 "A'6 "$ ?$4 # ?(="$ '=$. «...;= $3 B =(W 4, S ' '" ([( " '#3$ "( 65 =(S$4 $ 'B =(4(5 "'B M("[ "E. ^6 (( #'4'5$ "( 6EV'3 4 "(#' & W(B; 5$8E( 5 4$3 (( 4$ !9, $&$4'5!, 4'M 4 5! "(B "$S(, S(8 3= # V, 5 ='B"(( W =(, 36 M(" 9 (( ?E4 '5'?(""' 4$6"E (5 (5 6(""E 6 '3"' ' M( 6=(89». >8(5 ' $"A$ ('" ?E4 4'V'B $"A'=) ;= $3 B ?'4 $( 5 "(B 6' 6=(89 (=6'B 8$& = , «6(5! ='" " EB 5S$5 (8 "$V'3 !59 6 (( ?4 &'5 , #'6'= ! 5 "(B, #4939 6 (( #4$&$, 6 (( =( =$5"EB 4'?, 6' 65( (( 8 4'(, 6$M"'( 8"'( 4 A'. C$8$ '"$ #'6'= 4$ 8$4', "' &"$" ( M &" 5 $&E6$4'5! 6 (( 54'6$V; ' "E8 (( &$8(S$" 98 ;= $3 B &$ 4ZS 4, S ' N $ 8'4'3$9 M("[ "$ M( 5 (4$ (=(S 65 6'6$ ! (=(3 8$ ! 8"'#'(... - C (8 6E N ' 5 '94 ? - 5 ='5 4$ '"$ (#': '36(4 6$5 ' 8"(?
'#3$ #-" C
"
'6
- ; 6E (#' &$8( 4 ? - 5 ='5 4 6 56'Z 'S(=(3! ;= $3 B. - 7( =$63$ 4 , $ '( "(#' 54$6"'( 4 A'? a ' "( ' Y$&$='6, 8'B = 9 (4!. ;= $3 B = "9459 #'6'=
! ' «56'(8
= 9 (4(».
%" #'6'= 4 ' "(8 $ '3='?"' 5 $ 8 6'5 '=#'8, S ' %3 "A'6$ '?(=" 4$5! "(8 6" 8$ (4!"' "$ "(#' '58' =(4$. <...>
153
: ?(="$ '= '3'W(4 %3 "A'6'B, '?c96 4, S ' M " #' '6, 5 '&$?'S(""E8 4 A'8 '3$4 (B = . fV'39, '"$ '?(=" 4$5!, S '?E 6 '54(3" B =$& 4E?" !59 6" ! ;= $3 Z. %" " & ' ' 4'" 459, '58' =(4 (B 654(3 ( $ 5 ='(" ' $&$459 (8 (( 5 $", '?4 EB 5(='6$ E8 ?4(5 '8 S(="'#' W(4 $!) <...> - 7 S '? - 5 ='5 4 Y$&$='6 ;= $3 9, $ '4! ' ' 6(=" 459 "(8 6 #'4' . - R'4 S 4 3'6'4!5 6 (? \"( 5(BS$5 5 $&E6$4 '3 " ?$= ", S ' N $ #'5 'M$ - 'B-'B'B; 3$ ?$= "- ', $M( 59, 3 =$ . 7 , $ '- 6'(8 , S ' '"$, 'S"' - 'B-'B-'B? - d N '#' ' =(3(4("!9 "( 5'65(8
'" 8$Z, - ' 6(S$4 ;= $3 B.
- >' ([(! <$ 'B "(6 ""EB!
- > $ '8 54 S$( 9 "( '" 8$Z 6'(#' ?$= "$. %3 "A'6$ 'S("! 8 4$ - ?(55 '="', "' '"$ $ V'4'3"' 5 ='#' 5(?9 3(=M , S '... - > V'8 '8 (... E &"$(W!! - '3V6$ 4 Y$&$='6. - DE #'6'= W!, '"$ V'4'3"$. > N '8- ' 5$8EB 6 5 (5 !. >(3! E 4Z? W! 8'='M("'(. - \'M( ?E !, - ='?'=8' $4 ;= $3 B, - 9 '? N '8 5 3 ! "( 8'# . %"$ M(4$( 5 '?'B '&"$ '8 !59, ='5 4$ 8("9, S '? 9 = 6(& (?9 "(B. - >''?=$M$Z, $ E 8("9 =$5 5E6$4! > ='S(8, E '5 4 V'='W'. >(& 8("9. < ' ?E '"$ " ?E4$ - ='5 ' 4 # ?(="5 $9 4!6 A$, 4 «N8$"A (» 6='3( < W "'B, '4! ' "(B $ ( 4(S , $ V 9 "( 6 3E6$4 3$6"'». a ' ' =E6' - 6(=W "$ =#("(65 '#' 8$5 (=5 6$, &E5 $""EB =$5'S"EB 8$&' ($ 5(='6$ EB ?4(5 W(4 $ ='5 ' 6(4 '4( ("); &3(5! & 8 (4!"'( S 65 6' A6( $ #=$ 56( ' (" . 2&6(5 "'( = 55 '( 6'5 4 A$" ( «'B'B-'B» 65( ([( 5'V=$" 4'5! 6 7!Z-z'= ( 5=(3 $=89", (6=((6 #=( '6 - 6EV'3A(6 & X'55 . %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ (=6'( ' =E (: '#3$ "$ 54(3 Z[ B 3("! Y$&$='6$ =(35 $649Z N 'B 3$8(, ' $&E6$( 59, S ' 5 4!"EB S(4'6( 8'M( 5 '"b & !59.
154
«;= $3 B =(35 $6 4 (B Y$&$='6$ 5 $B"E8 3 64(" (8 &$8( 4, S ' '" $ ? 3 ' 5 '"b & 459, 8(M3 (8 $ %3 "A'6$ '5 $6$4$5! 5'6(=W(""' 5 ' 'B"'Z, '6S(=$W"(8 . Y$&$='6 5$8 'S 65 6'6$4, S ' 5 '"b & 459, (8 5 $4' 3'5$3"'. «>' (?( =$&! - Y$?E 5 #$459!» - '3 8$4 '" , =$&6$495! 6 =(54(, "( V M( C " '6$, &$#'6'= 4 =( 6(4 S(""' =$&69&"', $ %3 "A'6$ "( 5 5 $4$ 5 "(#' 56' V 95"EV #4$&». Y$&$='6, ?(M3(""EB =$&"'S "(A, ?(& 8$ ' $= 5 '=$ . D =#("(6 6"'6! 5 $( 6 V'3 = (8, ' '=EB M( "$S "$( = (3$ !59: $ &$ 3$( 59 349 ? '#=$b S(5 'B 5 =$6 , 6 ' '='B ' 5E6$( 59 ='W4'( 8'4'3'B 63'6E ;""E %3 "A'6'B. (g( ?=$ 5 %3 "A'6E8 ='3'4M$459 W(5 ! 4( 3' (#' 58(= .) C 6'&! #= ? Z "$= M"'5 ! (B 3$( 59 =$ǭ( ! 'S$='6$" ( Y$&$='6$. ;6 '= ?='5$( 6$M"'( &$8(S$" (: «%3"' 'W4'( (( ' $4 6$4', $ 6 'W4'5 " ' ?E "( =( " 4 Y$&$='6$».
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«<=$5 6$9 ?'=&$9 5'?$ $ 5 #'4 ?E8 'W(B" '8 6?(M$4$ 6 #'5 " Z, 5 S$ "'# 98 ' '4 , $ 654(3 &$ "(Z 6'W4$ 3(6 W $ 4( 6'5(8"$3A$ , S(="'6'4'5$9 58 #4$9, 5 "(5 '4! ' = #4E8, "' = 9 "E8 4 A'8, 5 "(?'4!W 8 (8"E8 #4$&$8 . %"$ 3(=M$4$ 6 = $V '=& " , "$ '4"("" Z A6( $8 .
155
- >' 6$8 8'9 <$ 9, 36 M(" (8 #'4'6E.
='#'6'= 4$ %3 "A'6$,
$&$6 "$ "((
<$ 9 54(# $ = 5(4$, '8(5 4$5! 6'&4( 5(5 =E = "94$5! =$&? =$ ! A6( E. <...> <'#3$ <$ 9 #'6'= 4$, '"$ 'S("! 8 4' 4E?$4$5!, &$5 ("S 6' ' ='6(""', #493(4$ $ - ' &$?$6"'-5 ='6', 5" & 66(=V. >5( 6 "(B ?E4' ([( 8'4'3'-&(4("': #'4'5, W' "$ 65(8 4 A(, ='&'6E( = 5 ?(4'6$ E8 = M $8 "$ 4$3'"9V, S !-S ! 5M$ E( 4(S ... %"$ ?(5 =(5 $""' =$5"(4$ ?E5 =' (=(6'3 4$ 3 V». \E M3(8 =$&#'6'='6 8(M3 Y$&$='6E8 %3 "A'6'B, 3(B5 6 (4!"', =$&#'6'= "'8(= '3 " =' 5V'3 6 16-B #4$6( («>$5 N ' $ ? 3 ' 3 649( . R'S(8 ?» 65( 6 $ '8 ='3(), =$&#'6'= "'8(= 36$ - 6 54(3 Z[(B #4$6( "'8(= = - 6 18-B #4$6(. > (=6'8 Y$&$='6 &4$#$( &? E( 3( (=(3'6'B 8'4'3(M 56'(#' 6=(8(" , $ ;""$ '5 $( 59 "(6'&8 8'B, '"S(""'B '84(""'B. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ S 3(5"EB '= =( (( ( W : «D( W $ ;""E C(=#((6"E, "9M"$ X.....$9, V 3("! $9 8$4("! $9 M("[ "$, 5 5M$ E8 6 4$S' 4 A'8 "('36 M"E8 &4E8 #4$&$8 '3 5(3'Z "$ 4$3 'B, 6'W4$ , (36$ ' 4'" 6W 5! #'5 98, ' 5 4$5! 6 W =''( ?$=V$ "'( =(54', "$ ' '='8 " ', ='8( "((, "( 8(4 =$6$ 5$3 !59. <$ 9 '5 $6 4$ (B 5 $8(B '3 "'# ; 5 $= V$ "( '?4$#'3$= 4$ ((, 3$M( "( 61" 4$ "$ "((, '4! ' 'W(6(4 4$ = $8 '3 M(4 'Z W$4!Z, ' =E6$6W(Z 'S 65( (( [(3 W"'( (4'. <"9M"$ 4Z? 4$ M(4 EB A6( : "(B "$ S( A( ?E4 9= 'M(4E( 4(" E». \E M( 54EW$4 , $ 5 $=W B < =5$"'6 #=$4 l ?(= $. D( (=! <$ 9 #=$( C-8'4!" Z b$" $& Z \'A$= $: =#("(65 ( ='5 =$""E( $&$" 9 "$ 8 &E $4!"E( ='&6(3(" 9 M$5"' =$&3=$M$4 (#' 6=$#$ i'5 '(65 '#'. R' '8 '" ' =$649Z 59 ?' $" & ='6$ !, $ &$ (8 '6(5 6'6$" ( 6"'6! =(=E6$( 59, 8E &"$(8 "'6E( S(= E ;""E C(=#((6"E: «C =$""EB S(4'6( N ' 4( $=!!» 3 8$4$ '"$. >5 '=( Y$&$='6 ?(& 8"' 64Z?49( 59. «<='6! (#' &$#'=$4$5!, $ '4! ' '" 65 '8 "$4 ' "(B; '" 4(# ' 54$3 4 ?E 5 56'(Z ='6!Z, "' S '- ' 3= #'( 6 "(#' 65(4 4'5!,
156
S(#' '" " $ "( 3' 5 $4, "$3 S(8 65(#3$ = " 4, S ' 6'&8 [$4' 65Z (#' #'=3'5 !.<...> >3= # (8 =(35 $6 59, S ' N A(4'8 3=(""E( = '#3$-" ? 3! '?'6!Z 59 6' = # (#' W( , S ' N #'=3E( # ?E ' 6( 9 "$ (#' 'A(4 , S ' N 8"E( #4$&$ 5 "(M"'5 Z - 3$, 5 "(M"'5 Z '5 $"'69 59 "$ (#' #4$&$V, #'4'6$ (#' &$= M 59, '" &$? 3( 59 "$ 8 #, ' $ ' 9 ! "( 65 EV"( 6 "(8 "(#'3'6$" (. %" 4'6 4 5$8'#' 5(?9 "$ 659 '#' ='3$ « '5 E3"EV» 8E549V, 'S"' ?(5 (#' 3=$&" 4. g8 $&$4'5! "'#3$, S ' 6 %3 "A'6'B =' 5V'3 (=(8("$, S ' 6 6E=$M(" (( 4 A$ ='96494'5! S '- ' '5'?(""'(, S ', 8'M( ?E !... 7' '" '?E "'6(""' ' $4 "'#'Z 4 5 =(M( $4 & ?$8 #='& 4 5(?( 4$ '8». (\("9 " '#3$ '5'?(""' "( &$" 8$4 N ' 5 =(M( & ?'6 5M$ E( 4$ .) %" =(W$( (V$ !, $ '"$ «?4(3"(( ». D='#$ (4!"$9 "' $ &6 S 68(5 ( 5 '964(" (8 5 $='#' 54 # , ' '='#' '54$4 &"$ !, = (V$4 4 "$ '"(A Y$&$='6. D$ "$S "$( 59 5(8(B"$9 (8$ - 5$8$9 3$S"$9 6 ='8$"(. D( (=! 8E #' '6E ' 6 '='8 =$&#'6'= . CA("$ 4( "(B "'S!Z =' 5V'3 6 '8"$ ( 5 =$5 $V" E8 ' "'8 - V'='W' &6(5 "EB ='8$" S(5 B = (8: « - ^$S(8 (V$ !? - ='#'6'= 4$ %3 "A'6$, '" & 6 #'4'5.
%" 61" 4 "$ "((. %"$ &$ " 4$ #'4'6 "$ 5 " =(5(4 5 =(5 4$ "$ #= 3 = , '?"$M(""E( 3' 4' (B. %"$ $&$4$5! ?4(3"(B = 56( ( '3 "' 'B 4$8 E, &$6(W(""'B 6E=(&"'Z ? 8$M"'Z 5( 'B. l =' '( ?(4'( 4$ !( ' =E6$4' (( 65Z 56' 8 89# 8 5 4$3 $8 ; (36$ 6 3"(4 5! '"S (( "'#, 'M( 5 =([(""EV. - ; &$S(8 '5 $6$ !59? - ' 6(S$4 Y$&$='6. %3 "A'6$ 54(# $
'6(=" 4$ #'4'6 .
- <$ &$S(8? X$&6( 6$8 8("9 "( 6(5(4'? 24 6$5 &3(5! M$4( ! "( ? 3 ?
6E 3 8$( (, S ' '?
- d 6 N '8 ?(M3(". %3 "A'6$
'8'4S$4$.
- 7$ =$5"' 6E N ' 3 8$( (. > ='S(8, 9 6$8 "( 6(=Z. >E "( 8'#4 5 $&$ ! N ' 5(=!(&"'. - Y$&$='6 ='3'4M$4 5 -
157
3( ! "( '36 M"'. - g6#(" B >$5 4!(6 S, S ' M( 6E 8'4S (? - i$ S ' 8"( 5 $&$ ! 6$8? % 4Z39V 6''?[( M$4( ! "( 5 ' 8"( '3$6"'.
, $ '?'
<...> - % 6'=
( N ' ' "'... 8"( S '- ' 3 W"'.
Y$&$='6 65 $4 '4 " 4 ' "'. %"' =$&'8 5' 5 '8 =$5$V" 4'5!... %" "( 'M 3$4, S ' '"' $ 4(# ' ' 6'=94'5!; = '8 (#' = 3='M$4 . D(8"$9, 89# $9 "'S! #49" 4$ 6 '8"$ 5 56' 8 'S S(="E8 "(?'8, 54$?' W 8(6W 8 3(=(6!98 56(M 8 &$ $V'8 6'4!"'#', S 5'#' 6'&3 V$. <...> - \E 5'W4 5!... - #4 V' ='8'46 4 Y$&$='6. - i$!.. 6(3! 9 &$?E4$, S ' 6E V'
( (V$ !.
Y$&$='6 65 $4. @$8 $ 5 4' #'=(4$ '5=(3 ' (8"(6W(B, ?4$#'6'""'B, (3 "(""'B '8"$ E; 5 6'&! &=(3 $ '4EV$6W Z59 5 '= 64 6$4$5! =$&3=$M (4!"$9 56(M(5 ! "'S , 54EW$4'5! (( $ "5 6(""'( W( $" (. %3 "A'6$ "( W(6(4 4$5! " '3" 8 S4("'8, "' $B"'( 6'4"(" ( 'V6$ E6$4' (( '"(8"'# ... %"' 5''?[ 4'5! Y$&$='6 . %" 63= # 'S 65 6'6$4 5(?9 "$(3 "( 5 8'4'3'Z =( =$5"'Z M("[ "'B... - < 3$ 6E? - 8(34(""' ='#'6'= 4$ '"$. %" " S(#' "( ' 6(S$4 - R'#'3
'
5
459 "$ 5
4. <...>
(, - W( " 4$ %3 "A'6$.
g( #4$&$ '5 $"'6 4 5! "$ Y$&$='6(; $&$4'5!, '"$ 6" 8$ (4!"' (#' =$558$ = 6$4$. %" ='W(459 ' '8"$ (, ' '8 63= # = ?4 & 459 "(B, '=' 4 6' 5 $&$4 « ='[$B (», 5 5" 4 (B = $ , S ' '"$ S ! "( 65 = " 4$, 6EW(4 6'". %"$ '3"(54$ 56' 5 4( 6W (59 $4!AE # ?$8, '3 4$ "$ " V , 6"(&$ "', '=E6 5 ' '3"96W 5! 5 =(54$, "$ =$6 4$5! ?E5 =E8 W$#$8 36(= , $ ?E M(4$9 6(=" ! Y$&$='6$. <...> <'5$ (( =$&6 4$5! (8"'Z &8((B $4$ "(B "$ 4(S'. @$8 $ ([( 3'4#' #'=(4$ 6 '8"$ ( ;""E C(=#((6"E, 3'4#' '"$ '5-
158
$6$4$5! "( '36 M"'Z, 4 W! &=(3 $ ='6'39 $4!A$8 ' 56' 8 = $8, ' '=E( 54(# $ ' 5E6$4 "'S"'B V'4'3. ; Y$&$='6, S$5$ 36$ 5 5 9, 6(=" 459 5(?( 6 5 $4!"Z 5 8' =E8 ' ='5E 5$ '#$8 , 6&c(='W(""EB #=Z8EB». > 18-B #4$6( =' 5V'3 =( !( '?c95"(" ( 6&=E6 5 =$5 6 '"A(, 6"'6! 8E 6 3 8 =$5 $V" '( ' "': «%3 "A'6$ =' 9" 4$ 6 (=(3 '?( = , $ Y$&$='6 (=59 4?'8 6 5 ( 4' ' "$. %" &$3EV$459; 65( (4' (#' 6 3 8' =( ( $4'. 7' N ' ?E4' "( =( ( $" ( Z"'W(5 'B ='?'5 , "( 54$3 B M$5 (=6'#' = &"$" 9 '64$3(4 8: N ' 5 =$5 ! 6 "(8 ? 4$5!, 5 4!"$9 9M(4$9, 5 =$5 !, 'V'M$9 "$ &4'? , ?E ! 8'M( , 5='3" (B... %3 "A'6'B 5 $4' 5 =$W"', M$4 ' (#'. - g6#(" B >$5 4! S... &$&6("(4$ 6 (( #'4'5(.
='#'6'= 4$ '"$,
"(6'4!"$9 "(M"'5 !
%" ?E5 =' '?(=" 459, ?='5 4 "$ "(( 'M =$Z[ B 6&'= , 5V6$ 6 (( '?( = , 6"(&$ "' = 64( (( 5(?( "$ #= 3!. %"$ "( ' S$5 '56'?'3 4$5! & (#' '?c9 B; "' 8#"'6("!( 5 5 9 '"$ M( 5 '94$ 3$4( ' 6 #4 #493(4$ ' 3$ "$ Y$&$='6$. %" =6$" 459 "(B... - >E 8("9 "( '"94 , - ='W( $4$ '"$ 5 '=' 4 6E8 5 #'8. <$&$4'5!, W$#" '" ([( =$&, '"$ ?E 65 = " 4$... Y$&$='6 &$ 5 4 # ?E 6EW(4».
*** > 19-B #4$6( Y$&$='6 < =5$"'6 (&M$Z & 7 '4!5 '#'. (R'964(" ( C " '6$ 5'&3$( '8 S(5 B Nbb( V 3'M(5 6(""' 54 W '8 = #4$M(""' "( = (84(8'.) \E ='6(3(8 = 3"9 - = 3"9 '54( =(V 4( =$&4 5' 5 $= $8 Y$&$='6E8 . «Y$&$='6 6E5 " 459 & $=$" $5$, $ ;= $3 B 6E 9" 4 #'4'6 &-&$ 5 "E 56'(#' '6$= [$ 6 3$4 "$ =E4(S ( #'5 '35 '#' 3'8 $ 6E5' '#', V 3'[$6'#' S(4'6( $, 5 6&c(='W(""E8 6'4'5$8 '" 8 '=4 "E8 "'5'8, '3( '#' 6 5 $=EB 6'(""EB
159
5Z= "$=$5 $W . %" 5 '94, =$5 ' E= 6 "'# , 34 "" Z = ? [ = 459 ' 5'4"A$. @'W$3
= 4
'5 $"'6 4 5!.
- 7$ '"(A 'M$4'6$4, - ='#'6'= 4 ' (A Y$&$='6$, 65( ='3'4M$9 = !, V' 9 S ? $ =E#$4 "(#' 8(M3 $4!A$8 . - 7 , 6E4(&$B, 6E4(&$B, 'S(4'8 $(859. %" 5 $4 '?" 8$ ! 5E"$... «g"ZW$, g"ZW$», - =$&3$459 =( ([ [ B M("5 B #'4'5.
i6(=! =$5 $V" 4$5!, "$ '='#( ' $&$4$5! = #4("!$9, " &("! $9 5 $= W $ 6 ?(4'8 S( A( '=' 'B (5 ='B 'b 'S (. %"$ $V" 4$, 'W$ " 4$5! "$6(="' ?E $4$, (54 ?E Y$&$='6 "( '33(=M$4 ((. R V4E( (( = S 8#"'6(""' '?6 4 5! 6' = # (#' W( , #'4'6$ = M$4$5! (#' #= 3 , 65( &$8'4 4'. D'4! ' 54EW$4 5! (( =(=E6 5 E( 65V4 E6$"!9». > "(?'4!W'8 8(" Y$&$='6EV ?E4' 65(#' 36$3A$ ! 36$ =( '5 "EV. % (A Y$&$='6$, 54 M 6W B 6 '4 #("(=$4$ < =5$"'6$, - 5 $='8'3"EB ='6 "A $4!"EB 4($=!, ?(&"$3(M"' ' 5 $6W B ' 6=(8(" . > (=6'8 M( =$&#'6'=( '" =' &"'5 5 =$5 "EB 8'"'4'#, "$6'39[ B 5 "$ (#' "(&$6 5 8'#' V4$3"' ='6"'#' 5E"$. \$ ! 5 =$W 6$( , 5 '4! ' 3"(B 5E" ='? 3( " V - '54( =(V4( "(#' ' 5 5 6 9. D =#("(6 &$6(=W$( #4$6 =$55 $&'8 ' =' 5V'M3(" V$=$ (=( #-M Y$&$='6'B, ' (5 ! ? '#=$b S(5 'B $ &'B - = (8, 5 ' '=E8 8E M( V'='W' &"$ '8E. R=' 5V'3 6 '='B =$&#'6'=: "$ 5(B =$& 8(M3 5 $= '8 Y$&$='6E8 ;= $3 (8 (g6#(" B 65 $( =$"' ' =$649( 59 "$ ='# 4 - S $ (4Z '5$( 59 4 W! "(3' 8(6$ !, 5'?=$4 4 '" S '-" ? 3!). >(5! =$&#'6'= 6=$[$( 59 6' = # (8E, ' '=$9 (W 4Z?9[(#' ' A$: ;= $3 B ?4 & B 3= # 6'5V [(""EB 'S $ (4! (#' 5E"$. D=( B =$&#'6'= =' 5V'3 8(M3 g6#(" (8 ;= $3 (8 6 (" "(?'4!W'#' 5 '#$, 8E &"$(8 "( ' '=E( ? '#=$b S(5 ( '3='?"'5 & M &" Y$&$='6$. %" ='6(4 6 N '8 8(" 36$ #'3$, $ ' '8 4 W! "$(&M$4 5Z3$. % (A (#' 54 M 4 '4 '6E8 4( $=(8, 6(4 ?='39S Z M &"!. X$&#'6'= (=(V'3 "$ b 4'5'b5 ( (8E, "' ' $"S 6$( 59 "(?'4!W'B 55'='B.
160
7$5 '9[$9 3=$8$ "$S "$( 59, '#3$ g6#(" B 6"(&$ "' 5'? =$( 59 (V$ !, V' 9 '?([$( 6(=" !59 3'8'B S(=(& 8(59A. C $=EB Y$&$='6, «([( &$ "(5 '4! ' 8#"'6(" B 8'4'3A(6$ ' 8$V$6W B 4$ '8 "$ =E4!A(, ' 5 459 "$ 5 4 ='" 4 #'4'6 "$ #= 3!. «Y='5 4, ?='5 4 "$5!» &$4( ( $4 '": «?='5 4; 5 S"' (8 5 $4' 5 "$8 . %3 ", $ (=5 ( (=!, '3 "!» '6 '= 4 '" "(5 '4! ' =$& $M3EB =$& 6E"'5 4 6 (=(3 56'Z = 5 ' 3(4(""E8 $&$ (4!"E8 $4!A(8. D'#3$ ;= "$ >4$5!(6"$ = ?4 & 4$5! "(8 , = 54'" 6 56'Z 5(3 Z #'4'6 (#' 5(3'B #'4'6(, 5 $&$4$: «j ' 3(4$ !, >$59! CE" ' =(&$""EB 4'8' !. %", S ' 5' '4: &$V' (4 - = 4( (4, &$V' (4 4( (4; $ 8E 5 '?'B, $ ' (" "$ 3 4(, 5 3 8 =93'8, " 5 8(5 $. D'4! ' 9 '5 $" 5! 349 (?9 "$6( "(&8(""', $ E 349 8("9». >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S = "94 ' 4 A$ = '?"94 56'Z M(" , 56'Z '3= # , $ =( ', $ 6 8'4'3'5 (( "( '?" 8$4: '"$ (W 4$ (#' 6 (#' (S$4 ».
*** R' = V' Y$&$='6$ 36'( 3= &(B &$(&M$Z 6 7 '4!5 '(, #3( V "( 'M 3$4 . R='6(39 &3(5! S( E=( "(4( EV S$5$ (6' 6=(89 ' '=EV <$ 9 3$M( "( 6EW4$ & 56'(B '8"$ E), '" (&M$Z 6 \$=! "'. j(=(& 3(59 ! 3"(B ;= $3 B 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 7 '4!5 '(. D =#("(6 96"' "('?V'3 8' (#' 3$4 ! "$ 6=(89 55'=E 8(M3 Y$&$='6E8 R$64'8 R( ='6 S(8. 7' 5'6(=W(""' "(95"', 'S(8 Y$&$='6 '5 $( 59: 5 (8 M( 5 (V'8 '" 8'# ?E ='6'3 ! 56' = 8 6"E( N 5 (= 8(" E 6 ='3 (4!5 '8 3'8(. 7$S "$( 59 (8$ O(" S Y$&$='6$, 8E = 5 5 6 (8 = &"$8(" 'B 5A("( 6 5 =("(6'B ?(5(3 (, &$6(=W$Z[(B59 65( (8 M( = (8'8 '354 W 6$" 9 6 5$3 : « - d 4Z?4Z, '#3$ 6E #'6'= ' 6'=' 4$ #'4'6 .
(. D'S"' = S((
M =S
. O(" S $
161
- <$ 'B 6E! - ='8'46 4$ '"$, (=(? =$9 $4!A$8 ' A6( $8. - 2 S ' 6$8 8("9 54 W$ !? >E 5 $ 8 8"E8 3$8$8 =$&#'6'= 8(4 . - aV, O(3'5!9 7 '4$6"$! - '6(=! ( 8"(: 65( 56( ( "( 5 '9 6$W(#' 4' ' $.
8"E( 3$8E "$
- 7 , 6' ([( S ' 6E3 8$4 ! - W( " 4$ O(" S $ M$4$ = . <...>
'3-
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
6 (#' #= 3!, "' ='34 ! 56'B
C V'B $W(4! =$&3$459 &$ 5 =("98 . O(" S $ 8#"'6(""' ' '36 " 4$5! "$ 3= #'B '"(A 5 $8(B . R$6(4 R( ='6 S ' $&$459, 54(# $ ' 4'" 459 , ='#'6'= 6 5 $'Z- ' &4'?"'Z "E4'5 !Z: «>E &3(5!», - 3$4 459. <...> «:=(W"' 6$8, g6#(" B >$5 4! S», - W( " 4$ '"$ V'39. 7( '33(4!"EB =( 54EW$459 6 (( W( ' (. Y$&$='6 65 '8" 4 3= # Z "(3$6"ZZ 5A(" , 5'6(5 "' (8 5 $4', =(&= (4!"' 3'5$3"'. 7' '" ' S$5 M( 65 =9V" 4 #'4'6'B, ='" S(5 '&3=$6 4 5(?9 «5 b'=8$4!"E8 '5 4(" (8 6 5(4$3'"E» ' =$6 459 5(?( 6 '8"$ ». ^$ (8 R$6(4 R( ='6 S 6E&E6$( Y$&$='6$ "$
162
3 N4! A(4 59 =98' 6 =' 6" $. Y$&$='6 «5 ([( =$& , "( A(495!, '3$6 4 = M " .
4
R$6(4 R( ='6 S 3='#" 4 54(# $ V6$ 459 = 'Z &$ 49M . C = B $ ='6 ' ( 4$ ' (#' ?(4E8 $" $4'"$8. Y$&$='6 ?='5 4 6" .
5 '4( 6 5 '='"
= ?4 & 459
56'(8
='-
- >E =$"("E? - ='8'46 4 '".
- >E 8(4 =$6' '3'&6$ ! 8("9 ?$=!(= , - ='#'6'= 4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S, - $ N ' 5 9 . R' 54'6 Z, $M3EB 8(( ([( ' '3"'8 6E5 =(4 . - 7 , &6 " (, N ' 3' 3= #'#' =$&$, - ' 6(S$4 Y$&$='6 '?V6$ 4 R$64$ R( ='6 S$, ' '=EB "$S "$4 ?4(3"( !. D( (=! 9 M( "( 3 N4 5 , $ 3' '=, =(M3( 65(#' 3'4M(" '58' =( ! 6$W =$" . <...> - >5( N ' 6&3'=... d "( " M3$Z5! " 6 S!(B '8'[ , ='8'46 4 5 =$55 $"'6 'B R$6(4 R( ='6 S: - ... "$3'... ' 9 !... - %" V' (4 ?E4' 3(=" ! 5(?9 &$ 5, "' = $ (#' '54$?(4$, #4$&$ &$ $ 4 5!, '" 4 W 459 S 65 6. <...> R$6(4 R( ='6 S 8(34(""' ' =E4 #4$&$. <...> - a A$=$ " 5 ' '4! ' S(8-" ? 3! = V6$ !, 9 3'B3 3'8'B (W '8, $ "( ' 8'M"' 3='M &$ 8"'B = 54$ !. i N4!, (54 6$8 #'3"', "( 6'&'?"'649( 59. >E '5 4 ?4$#'='3"'... 5(#'3"9, 5(#'3"9, - &$8( !(. - % ='W4'8 65 '8 "$ ! "(&$S(8, - 6'&=$& 4 Y$&$='6, $ S ' $5$( 59 3' ? 3 [(#', ' ' "(8 'M( "( 5 ' #'4'6 4'8$ !, ' '8 S ' 9 "$8(=(" "(8(34(""' 4 &" !». 7$ 5$8'8 M( 3(4( Y$&$='6 '6(4 ?E 5(?9 ([( ?'4(( ?4$#'='3"', (54 ?E V4$3"' ='6"' =$&=93 4 4Z 6 6'&3 V '54( 6E5 =(4$ < =5$"'6$.
*** D =#("(6 =(3 = " 8$( (=6 Z ' E =' 6" '8, 5 =$ 6$9 =$&#'6'= 8(M3
=$&3(4$ !59 5 R$64'8 R( ='-
163
6 S(8 O(" S 'B, $ &$ (8 - 8(M3 ?=$ !98 < =5$"'6E8 , '#3$ R$6(4 R( ='6 S '=M(5 6(""' ='5 7 '4$9 R( ='6 S$ M(" !59 "$ O(" S (. ^3(5! (5 ! ' ("' 8'=$4 & ='6$" 9, '8 M( "( 54 W '8 V 3'M(5 6(""'#'. R$6(4 R( ='6 S =(W$( (V$ ! &$ #=$" A , 3 W$ (#' '8(= 6(4$. \E ([( 8 8'4( "' 65 =( 859 5 " 8 6 N 4'#(, "' 6 '?[(8 D =#("(6 5 " 8 =$5 ='[$459. 2 6' "$5 $4 8 # =$&3(4$ !59 5 (8'B 7 '4!5 '#'. \E (=("'5 859 6 7 '4!5 '(, #3( ;= $3 B <$ 9 5 39 6 (" 6E5' '#' 95("9. X93'8 5 " 8 - ?'=&$9 O b . ;6'= =( =$5"' (=(3$( #= 56( ' (" : «C4$?EB 6( (=, W(6(49 6 4 5 !9V 95("9, V'"! ' 36 #$4 6&$3 6 (=(3 ' (8"'B 3'='M ( ' M(4 'B 5 "( O b ?4(3"'&'4' E( 9 "$ 56( $; ='6"$9 ("! '?4 6$4$ ;= $3 9 <$ Z; '4! ' &=(3 $ 6 (( 6'4'5$V &$M #$4$5! 9= $9 '4'5 $. %" 8'4S$4 '?$; "' 8(""' 6 '8, $ '" 8'4S$4 , $ '" 5 3(4 =93'8, 5 $&E6$4'5! 3'6(=S 6'( 5?4 M(" (: $M3EB & " V $ ? 3 ' "( 3 8$4 ' 56'(8 5'5(3(, $ 6 $B"( =$3'6$459 (#' ?4 &'5 . 2 4 A$ V &8(" 4 5! 5 (V '=, $ 8E V 6 3(4 6 '54(3" B =$&: ;= $3 B $&$459 5 ' 'B"((, <$ 9 'M 64(""((, 58(4(B». ;= $3 B '56'?'M3$( 59 ' 64 9" 9 Y$&$='6$. X$&#'6'= #=$( S 5 ' =$ S(5 Z ='4!: '36'3 '# , 6E= 5'6E6$( ' '"S$ (4!"'( '4'M(" ( 3(4. <='8( '#', $6 '= E $( 59 '?'&"$S ! =$&" A 8(M3 <$ (B ;""'B. >5( N ' S=(&6ES$B"' 54$?' 5 ' '&3$" (8. > ' 8 #, '#3$ ;= $3 B S ! ?E4' "( 3(4$( =(34'M(" (, '" 6"(&$ "' 3$49( 59 '9649( 59 ;""$ C(=#((6"$. 7$ 54(3 Z[(B 5 =$" A( '?c9649( 59 Y$&$='6. D( (=! 8E 3'4M"E =$55 $ !59 5 ;""'B, <$ (B ;= $3 (8. O "$4!"$9 5A("$ =' 5V'3 6 « '= (», 6 5$3 . >' 6=(89 54(3 Z[(#' =$&#'6'=$ 8(M3 ;= $3 (8 <$(B 54EW"', $ $=$44(4!"' ?(5(3 Z Y$&$='6 5 ;""'B. \E 5 $ 4 5! 3' ='6"9 '8(3 "=$6'6. 2 6"'6! "$5 =(54(3 Z = (8 '354 W 6$" 9, = (8 $="'B 5 88( = = (8 '36(3(" 9 '#'6. ;= $3 B 6'&'?"'649( V$M 6$" (, <$ 9 "( ' 6(=#$( (#'. ;""$ Y$&$='6 = V'39 6&$ 8"'8 5'#4$5 Z: « - >' 6 3 ( 4 , - ='3'4M$4$ ;""$ C(=#((6"$: - 8E 5 6$8 'W ?4 5!; 8E '?$ M( "( (=6'B 8'4'3'5 , '5'-
164
?(""' 9; 8E 'M 4 , 5 $4 ; 8E '?$ S(8 A(=(8'" !59? - 8"E: 5"$S$4$ 8E &$ " (=(5'6$4 3= # 3= #$, 4Z?' E 5 6' ?E4' 6'&? M3("'... $ ' '8... - ; ' '8 9 6E3'V59, -
'3V6$
4 Y$&$='6.
- >E &"$( (, S ' "( N ' ?E4' = S "'B "$W(B =$&8'46. 7' $ ?E ' " ?E4', 8E "( " M3$4 5! 3= # 6 3= #(, 6' #4$6"'(; 6 "$5 54 W '8 8"'#' ?E4'... $ ?E N ' 5 $&$ !... '3"'='3"'#'. \E N ' "( 5=$& '"94 . <...> g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 8E "( 64$5 "E... - "$S$4$ ?E4' ;""$ C(=#((6"$; "' 6( (= "$4( (4, &$W 8(4 4 5 $8 "(5 (( 54'6$. - >(3! 6E 56'?'3"E, - =' &"(5 "(8"'#' '#'39 Y$&$='6. Y'4!W( " S(#' "(4!&9 ?E4' =$&'?=$ !; W$# 3$4 4 5!... 65( &$ V4'». 7$ 54(3 Z[ B 3("! Y$&$='6 ?4$#'54'649( 56'(#' 8'4'3'#' 3= #$ ;= $3 9 (&M$( .
***
\E (=(V'3 8 4 SW(B =(3 '54(3"(B, 27-B #4$6( ='8$"$. Y$&$='6 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 ='3"'B 3'8 "$S "$( &$" 8$ !59 8(3 A "5 'B =$ 'B. D =#("(6 '3#' $64 6$( (#' 58(= !. ^$ (8 "$5 $( =$&69& $. g6#(" B 5 =$W 6$( ' A$, «"( 4 "(#' $35 '#' $8"9? - g5 !; "$ S ' (?(? - 7 M"'... =$"
= M(S!.
- <'8 ? - C(?(. - <$ , 5(?(! ^$S(8 M( N '? <$ $9 N ' =$" $? :3( '"$?
- >' , "$ $4!A(. d 5(#'3"9 (&3 4 6 3(=(6"Z, &"$(W!, ' 3$ b'&"'#' 8 M $ = 6'& 4 . %" 'S(8 ' 65 =E6$ ! (#' 5'? =$4 5!, $ 9 3$6"' 6 N '8 "( =$M"9459.
165
-7 ? - 7 , 6' 9
' ='5 4 (&3"'#' 6=$S$; " ,
'=(&$459.
>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S 63= # '?4(3"(4 6(5! , " 54'6$ "( #'6'=9, ?='5 459 6 $? "( , ' 3$ ' S$5 M( 6(=" 459 5 5'S '8 $35 '#' $8"9 6 = (. Y$&$='6 V' (4 ?E4' 6&9 ! (#' B . - X$3 5$8'#' Y'#$, - ='8'46 4 >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S, 8"( N ' 53(4$ ! 5$8'8 .
'&6'4!
Y$&$='6 58(V" 459. - a 'B E 'V' "
3'
=$
!
- 7( W , 'M$4 B5 $. R' $M 7( ?'4!"'?
56'B
$4(A. X$" $- ' "( 6(4
- 7$
=$B 5 4!"((, "( ?'B59. >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S '5 $"'6 459.
- <$
E
$.
'4$#$(W!, g6#(" B, "( 4 SW( 4 "$8 = M(S! M(4(&'8?
- a ' ?E =$"!W( "$3' 53(4$ !, $ ( (=!, '-"$5 '9[(8 , $35 B $8("! "( " M(". g54 9 &$=$& 459, $ M ((=! '&3"'. - <$ ... '&3"'... - (36$ 8'# =' &"(5 - g[( ?E! 5 (V '= S( E=( S$5$
>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S.
='W4' 5 4 W '8.
>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S ([( "(8"'#' = M(# =$" - i$ =$&6(
.
(&3"'#' 4( $=9 "( ?E4' $35 '#' $8"9?
- 7( ?E4'. - <$ M( N ', Y'M( 8'B! >=$S 6([ !
"(
- DE ?E '58' =(4 "$ (#' 4$"A( E, 6'"».
8((
$ 'B "('?V'3 8'B
='8'46 4 Y$&$='6
6EW(4
Y$&$='6 &$=$& 459 b'8. %" &$?'4(6$( , ' '8 (8 "("$3'4#' 5 $"'6 59 4 SW(, $ &$ (8 "$5 $( = & 5. R'5E4$Z &$ ;""'B C(=#((6"'B, '"$ = (&M$( ( "(8(A8 3' '='8, ' '=EB #'6'= , S ' " $ 'B "$3(M3E "$ 6E&3'='64(" ( "( , '"$ = V'3 '5 (4 8 =$Z[(#'.
166
« - 7 , 5 $5 ?', - '6 '= 4 Y$&$='6. - a ' :'6'=9 , A$= 'M( '5([$Z 8 =$Z[ V.
'-A$=5
.
- g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 9 "$3(Z5!...
- aV, ;""$ C(=#(6"$, 5 $"(8 ( #'6'= ! =$63 . C' 8"'B '"S("'. R' $4 '3 '4(5'. 2 6EV'3 , S ' "(S(#' ?E4' 3 8$ ! ' ? 3 [(8. C $=$9 W $ 58(= !, $ $M3'8 6"'6(. i' 5 V '= "( = W ... $ $8 = 3( ?(5 $89 5 6', bZ !! (%" 54$?' 8$V" 4 = 'B.) 7 , S ' M 8"( 6$8 5 $&$ !... j ' 9 4Z? 4 6$5? N ' =(M3( "( 8(4' " $ '#' 58E54$, $ ( (=! '3$6"'. @Z?'6! - b'=8$, $ 8'9 5'?5 6(""$9 b'=8$ M( =$&4$#$( 59. C $M 9 4 SW(, S ' $$9 6E 54$6"$9! 2 ( (=! 6' 6E 5 ' (, $ $9 =$5 6$9... ;""$ C(=#((6"$ "(6'4!"' 5'3='#" 4$5!. - 7 S(#', "( =(6'M! (5!... 593! ( $8... 7( ' 8"(: 6(3! 8'9 ?'4(&"! &$=$& (4!"$9.
'3V'3
(
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
"$ 4'?.
;""$ C(=#((6"$ "$ 4'" 4$5!
"(8 .
- g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 9 &3(5!... %" =$&'8
= "94 =
=
'3"9459.
- R='[$B (, - ='#'6'= 4 '" 5 6"(&$ "'Z 5 4'B, #4$&$ (#' ?4(5" 4 '54(3" 8 ?4(5 '8. - R='[$B (... R'54 W$B (... 6(3! 9 6$5 "( 'A(4'6$4 '#3$... i "! ( "$ 8 =$Z[ Z 4$8 $3 , 5 ! '"$ '#$5"( ... ;""$ C(=#((6"$ = 4'M 4$5! # ?$8 (#' 4? .
167
- 2 3'6'4!"'! - ='8'46 4 '" ' 5 459 "$ '3 W D( (=!... (8"' $... ;""$ C(=#((6"$ V' 6EW4$.
.-
- j '? - 5 ='5 4 (( W( ' '8 >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S. - %" &$5" 4, - ' 6(S$4$ '"$ S
! 54EW"'.
Y$&$='6 M( "( 5 M3("' ?E4' ='5E $ !59. < 6(S(= '" 6 $4 6 5'6(=W(""'( ?(5 $89 5 6'. <...> <'#3$ M( "$ '"(A '" 5 5 4 '54(3" B 6&3'V 6 3'8( '3"94'5! 65('?[(( 5 ("$" (, >$5 4 (8 26$"'6 S(8 '? 94' 6"(&$ "'( 55 4(" (. «d #'6'= 4, S ' 9 6'&=' [ , V= 4' = S$4 '", 5 E4$Z[ 8, (=( 'W(""E8 4 A'8, ' =95$9 6 6'&3 V( 4$ '8, $ ?E #='&9 '8 - ': 6'&=' [ , 6'&=' [ !» 7' ;= "$ >4$5!(6"$, 659 6 54(&$V, '6 54$ "(#' "$ W((, '?$ 68(5 ( $4 " A. «D$ , - =$55 $&E6$4$ ' '8 6 4Z35 'B ;"b 5 W $: - =93EW '8 '" = 4 56' #'4'6 , 54'6"' '6(S 6 '43("!...» 7' '4 3(""EB &"'B ='V'3 , "$5 $( 6(S(= "'S!, $ $8 6'&6=$[(" ( 6 V'( ?(M [(, #3( 54$3'5 59 &8 S(""E8 5 $4E8...»
*** > N 4'#(, 6 28-B #4$6(, 65( M("9 59 ' 5 88( = S"'B 5V(8(. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ S ! "$& 3$ (4!"EB Z8'= 5 S(5 B '". C 3!?$ 65( M( 6(=W 56'B 5 3, "' '- =(M"(8 '3 = 58' ='8 D =#("(6$. «;""$ C(=#((6"$ "(3$6"' 6EW4$ &$8 M, "( ' 4Z?6 , "' ' ?(M3(" Z, &$ '3"'#' & ? 3 [ V = 55 V 3(9 (4(B, S(4'6( $ 'S("! 8"'#', &$ '"" $, 5 =( 8 =$ S(5 8 58E54'8, 6(=3'Z 6'4(B &$8(S$ (4!"E8 3$='8 54'6$ - S(4'6( $ ([( 8'4'3'#', 3'?='#' V'4'3"'#', $ 4(3. <...> < =5$"'6E, ' (A 5 5E"'8, '5(4 4 5! 6 \$=! "(. i(4$ V "$S "$Z ' =$649 !59. ;= $3 B 53(4$459 =!9"E8 V'&9 "'8, «b(=8$» M( = "'5 3'6'4!"' &"$S (4!"EB 3'V'3. 7 '4$B R( ='6 S ' $4 6 8 ='6E( '5=(3" = 3 59 &' 65(V 5 4... <...> > i=(&3("( "$ Y=Z4(65 'B (==$5(, 8(M3 36 89 E=!89 S$5$8 , 6 5$8'( b(W("(?(4!"'( 6=(89 349
S(='-
168
# 4 , 6E 8'M( ( 65 =( ! S(4'6( $ 4( ' '4' 9 3(59 , M( 5'65(8 5(3'#' $ ?E 5 =$3$Z[(#' '3$#='B, "' ([( =$5 6'#', &9["' '3( '#' 5 (8 '5'?(""E8 ' (S$ '8, ' '=EB 3$( 59 S(4'6( '3" 8 4 W! 3'4# 8 =(?E6$" (8 6 6E5W V 54'9V '?[(5 6$. a ' R$6(4 R( ='6 S. %" (V$4 & \'5 6E &$ #=$" A 349 '=$64(" 9 &3'='6!9, '5 $459 "$ M (4!5 6' 6 i=(&3("(, #3( &"$( 59 ?'4!W( 5 $"#4 S$"$8 5 ='(&M 8 = 55 8 . <...> 2 < W "$ ' $4$ &$ #=$" A . <...> C $ 8 - ' 36 89=(89 V 8 $8 , "( 8(Z[ 8 ' 4 S ! 54'='3$ ' $&' $, "' 5 '4"(""E8 ' = A$" 9 5$8' 6$M(" 9, 3$ 5 6(4 8 g4 5(6 S(8, C " '6, 'M( #' '69[ B59 ?E ! 6(4 8, '4S( 59 6 R( (=? =#( , ' (#' 6(=(" 98, ='3'4M$( «3(4'» Y$&$='6$. <...> g5 ! "(?'4!W'( 5(4!5 '( 4$3? [( 6 '3"'8 & ' 3$4(""EV #'4 '6 X'55 . <$ 'S 65( "$W 4$3? [$, '"' 9649( 6 3 (S$4!"EB. <...> 7' 8(M3 " 8 (5 ! '3"$, 3' ' '='B "( $5$( 59 S(4'6( , ' '= Z "( ' S( M 6' "'(: '3" AE 5$39 59 "$ "(( 'Z "$ &$=(. h(4(&"$9 '#=$3$ (( ' = M$( ; 36( 8'4'3E( (4 '5$M("E ' '?' 8 (( '"A$8: g6#(" B Y$&$='6 'V'='"(" 6 N 'B 8'# 4(. < "(B, & "(3$4( 'B 3(=(6 W , S$5 ' = V'39 36$ M( 3=9V4E( 5 $= S $ - 8 M 5 M("'Z. R'33(=M 6$9 3= # 3= #$, 3 '" ' 9M(4(6W(Z 'V'3 'B; = ?4 &9 59 '#=$3(, = $3 5 $" "$ '4(" , 3'4#', #'=! ' 4$S , 3'4#', 6" 8$ (4!"' 58' =9 "$ "(8'B $8("!, '3 ' '=E8 4(M V 5E"; '8("9Z 59 '=' 8 54'6'8, E4! 58$V" 5 $8"9 3$ 6( (4 ' =$69 , 5"'6$ 8'49 59, "( 8'# ' " ! N ' 8(5 ', ' 3$ 8 $ ? 3 ' ?4 M( 3' V 5E"$, 3' 6'5 '8 "$" B ' "(8...»
169
) 1821 - 1881 Y(4 "5 B 6 «R 5!8( :'#'4Z» (1847) 5$4: «...>E "( &$8( 4 , S ' X'55 9 6 3 56'( 5 $5(" ( "( 6 8 5 A &8(, "( 6 $5 ( &8(, "( 6 N &8(, $ 6 5 (V$V A 6 4 &$A , ='56([(" 9, # 8$""'5 . g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a ' S 65 6 ( 3$M( 5$8' =$6 (4!5 6' ( ' '='( V'='W' &"$( , S ' 3(4$Z '8([ 5' 56' 8 =(5 !9"$8 5 '4! ' '54(3" ( (M(#'3"' =(M (=6EV), S ' 3' $&E6$( 59 (#' ='? 8 ?(5 4'3"E8 '4 8(=$8 6 '4!& ?(4EV "(#='6...» d 5 E E6$Z S 65 6' "( ' '='B "(4'6 '5 , #'6'=9 ' i'5 '(65 '8. > 56' V 4( A 9V 9 '?ES"' 58' =Z "$ 4 (=$ = '3 (3 "5 6(""E8 " (=(5"E8 8"( #4'8, ' (5 ! $ "$ 964(" ( 8 ='6'#' 5 55 6$ ='964(" ( 4 S"'#' $4$" $. C N 'B 'S &=(" 9 i'5 '(65 B 5$ (4! "( 6(4 B, $ 3'6'4!"' '5=(35 6(""EB, 5' 65 EW $8 "( =(6&'B3(""'#' Z8'=$, ' '=E(, 6E, S(=(3 Z 59 5
170
34 ""E8 5 'W$8 4 (=$ ="EV ?$"$4!"'5 (B. > «R=(5 4(" "$ $&$" »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d ?E 5 $&$4, S ' 3'?=$9 =( ! & " V "( ' 4 S$( "$5 '9[ Z 4 (=$ = ' 5(63'4 (=$ =E, 8- ' i'5 '(65 B, '"(S"', ' $M( 59 " (=(5"(( V 3'M(5 6(""((, S(8 659 $9 3=(?(3("! 6='3( $8(= $"5 V 5 '= S(5 V ='8$"'6 4 6([ AE 5 "( = 9&$ (4!"E8 "$&6$" (8 «% "E"( 6'6( » '8 '3'?"EB 6&3'=. D(8 "( 8("((, 9 6 56'(8 =5( 5'? =$Z5! '3='?"' =$&? =$ ! =' &6(3(" 9 3(B5 6 (4!"' 6(4 V 5$ (4(B - $ 8(""' "$ $ '8 6E5' '8 ='6"( 3'4M"$ 6(5 5! = $ i'5 '(65 '#'. >' 8"( 54 W '8 8$4' ' $ $3(8 S(5 '#' ='b(55'=$, S '?E =( '3$6$ ! ', S ' 8"( "( "=$6 59. 7( 5 ='Z, 8"( 5 =$5 "' V'S( 59 i'5 '(65 '#' =$&6("S$ !. 7' 9 ' 3$Z 5(?( ' S( 6 '8, S ' =93'6'B S $ (4! ? 3( 58 [(" = 6(3(""E8 3'6'3$8 .
***
O(3'= \ V$B4'6 S i'5 '(65 B ='3 459 6 1821 #. 6 3'6'4!"' ?(3"'B 5(8!(. g#' ' (A 54 M 4 4( $=(8 6 '3"'B & 8'5 '65 V ?'4!" A 349 ?(3"EV, $ '4'M(" ( 4( $=9 6 X'55 ?E4' '#3$ 6(5!8$ 5 ='8"E8, 5(8!9 i'5 '(65 V M 4$ 6 3'6'4!"' ?'#'8 6$= $4( 6 54'6 9V, S=(&6ES$B"' 3$4( V ' ='5 'W . g#' ' (A 96494 5'?'Z 3'8$W"(#' =$"$ ?E4 ? = "(6E95"(""EV '?5 '9 (4!5 6$V. <= b=(B3 5 5 '#' '4 $ 5 4'""E 58$ = 6$ ! $6 '? '#=$b S(5 B 8'8(" 6 ' "'W("
171
26$"$ <$=$8$&'6$ ? B5 6 ' A$ - V' 9 26$" "( ?E4 "$5 '9[ 8 ' A( ? BA(B, "', &"$9 ' #' '69[(859 =(5 4(" "( =(3' 6=$ 6 (#', 5 $4 5' S$5 " '8. R' 8"(" Z N V = '6, i'5 '(65 B, 5'?5 6(""EB ' (A ' '='#' ?E4 ? S(='8, 65Z M &"! 8 S 459 'V'M 8 '8 4( 5'8 6 "E. <$ ?E ' " ?E4', i'5 '(65 B "(5'8"(""' 5 =$3$4 "(6=$5 (" (B 5 3( 5 6$ ?E4 '36(=M(" $ "5 6(""'8 "(3 # N 4( 5 . 7(5S$5 !9, 6E $6W ( "$ (#' 3'4Z '&M(, 5 # ? 4 ?'4(&"(""'( 5'5 '9" ( (#' 3 V$ '?'5 = 4 "(3 #. C"$S$4$ i'5 '(65 B S 459 6 8'5 '65 '8 $"5 '"(, $ &$ (8 6 >'(""'- "M("(="'8 S 4 [( 6 R( (=? =#(. %" ?E4 =$6"'3 W(" 6'(""'8 3(4 , "' ' (A 8(S $4 ' 6'(""'B $=!(=( 349 5E"$. 7' 6 S 4 [( '" ' 3$6$4 ?'4!W Z S$5 ! 6=(8(" & S(" Z 4 (=$ =E. R'54( ' '"S$" 9, $ 65( 6E 5 " N '#' S(?"'#' &$6(3(" 9, '" ' 54 M 4 5 '4! ' '4$#$4'5! 6 3( $= $8(" (. > 1844 #. '" '5 $6 4 54 M? A(4 '8 '569 4 5(?9 4 (=$ =(. g#' (=6$9 " #$ «Y(3"E( 4Z3 » (1846) '=$& 4$ = '6, S $ (4(B. C [(5 6 ( 8"'M(5 6' 4(#("3 ' '8, $ '"$ ?E4$ 65 =(S("$. i= # i'5 '(65 '#', 5$ (4! i8 = B := #'='6 S, #'6'= 4 (#' ' $&$ ! = ' 5! 7( =$5'6 , 6 ' 6=(89 &3$6$6W(8 "$ ?'4(( 64 9 (4!"EB 4 (=$ ="EB M ="$4 «C'6=(8("" ». 7(=$5'6 (#' = 9 (4!" A$ ;63' !9 R$"$(6$ 5 =' 4 6 =(3$ A M ="$4$ 4 (=$ ="EB 5$4'", 3$ ?E4 6V'M 65( 4 (=$ ="E( &"$8(" '5 '#' 6=(8(" . D =#("(6, $ 654(3 &$ " 8 D'45 'B 6V'3 4 6 S 54' (#' '5 '9""EV #'5 (B 68(5 ( 5 = $8 4(6'#' "$ =$64(" 9 j(="EW(65 8 i'?='4Z?'6E8. 7$ (S$ $ !59 6 «C'6=(8("" (» ?E4' 3'5 $ 'S"', S '?E 5'5 $6 ! 5(?( 89. i'5 '(65 B ' 3$4 ='8$" 7( =$5'6 , $ "'S!Z 6 '5 (4 "( 8'# ' 3(4$ !59 ' 3 ="EV =(3S 65 6 B: «%" ? 3 58(9 !59 "$3 8' 8 ?Y(3"E8 4Z3!8 ?», - 6(=3 4 '" =' 5(?9. 7' 6 S( E=( S$5$ =$ (#' =$&? 3 4 7( =$5'6 := #'='6 S. %" 6'=6$4 5! "(8 6 '8"$, &$3 W 4 5'S"E8 ='55 B5 8 'A(4 98 , =$55 $&$4 , S ' 5(4 S $ ! = ' 5! 6(S(='8 "( 8'#4 ' '=6$ !59, ' $ "( ='S4 (( 3' '"A$. % &?E $ S 65 6 '" =(W 4 =$&? 3 ! $6 '=$ "( 8(349 " 5( "3E 5''?[ ! (8 ' 56'(8 6 (S$ 4(" . «7 S ' M(, S ' '" 5 , N ' '6$M"(( 5"$», - =(W 4 '" .
172
7( =$5'6 ' 3$4 = ' 5! Y(4 "5 '8 , '?c96 6 = N '8, S ' ='3 459 "'6EB :'#'4!. «:'#'4 6$5 =$5 , $ #= ?E», - 5 V' &$8( 4 Y(4 "5 B. 7' ='S $6 «Y(3"EV 4Z3(B», = W(4 6 $ 'B M( 6'5 '=#, ' S$5 ' =(?'6$4, S '?E (#' =(35 $6 4 "'6'8 $6 '= , 5$8 '?= W 4 "$ "(#' ' ' '8 4 8(" '6. i'5 '(65 B ='54(& 459 ' =$3'5 ; «Y(3"E( 4Z3 » ?E4 "$ (S$ $"E 6 "( =$5'65 '8 «C'6=(8("" (». f5 (V ?E4 '#='8(", "', 5'M$4(" Z, "( ='3'4M (4(". g#' 6 '=$9 '6(5 ! «i6'B" » (1846) - 4 SW$9 , '"(S"', &"$S (4!"' ?'4(( 5'6(=W(""$9, S(8 «Y(3"E( 4Z3 », - ?E4$ = "9 $ 3'6'4!"' V'4'3"'. 7' i'5 '(65 B M( 5 (4 6'&'8" ! ' 5(?( "(6(5 ! S ' , "$ 6"EB, "(' (5$""EB, 4'V' 6'5$""EB, "( =$& 8 3= 459 '5 $6 ! 5(?9 6 #4 '( '4'M(" ( (=(55'= 459 5' 56' 8 "'6E8 3= &!98 ' 4'"" $8 . D =#("(6 ='&6$4 (#' =E['8 "$ "'5 = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E. •"'W(5 ( '4 S(5 ( 5 8 $ i'5 '(65 '#' ?E4 "$ 5 '='"( =$3 $4'6 ' S$5 &$ $3" '6. %" $ M( = 8E $4 $B"'8 '?[(5 6 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B, '54(3'6$ (4(B C("-C 8'"$ O =!(, "( 964995!, '3"$ ', (#' b$ S(5 8 S4("'8. a 8'4'3E( 4Z3 5'? =$4 5! 6 3'8( 54 M$[(#' #'5 3$=5 6(""'#' 3( $= $8(" $ \ V$ 4$ R( =$W(65 '#', #3( &$S E6$4 654 V '?5 M3$4 5'S "(" 9 O =!(, ?(5(3'6$4 ' 5'A $4 &8( = '6$4 =$6 (4!5 6'. R'54( 6'4"E =(6'4ZA B, &$V4(5 " 6W(B g6=' 6 1848 #, 6 X'55 "$S$4$5! =($ A 9, =$6 (4!5 6' ?E4' 65 =(6'M("' '?= W 4'5! "$ 65(V "$ '8E549[ V. R( =$W(6AE ?E4 $=(5 '6$"E, 6 '8 S 54( i'5 '(65 B. g#' '?6 " 4 6 S$5 6 &$#'6'=(, =$5 ='5 =$"(" «R 5!8$ Y(4 "5 '#' :'#'4Z», '4"'#' '5 '=? (4!"EV 6E=$M(" B 6 $3=(5 =$6'54$6"'B A(= 6 A$=5 'B 64$5 , 6 ' E ( =$5 ='5 =$"(" 9 $" =$6 (4!5 6(""EV 5'S "(" B 5 '8'[!Z S$5 "'B '#=$b . >' 6=(89 =(36$= (4!"'#' 54(35 6 9 '" "$V'3 459 6 R( =' $64'65 'B =( '5 , #3( "$S$4!" '8 ?E4 #("(=$4 7$?' '6, 8'B =(3' . (R(=( 5$ 8(M3 #("(=$4'8 7$?' '6E8 7 '4$(8 I '? N '8 &$ 4ZS(""'8 3'6'4!"' &$?$6"$.) R= #'6'= ' $&$459 5 ='6E8 - 6'5(8! 4( $ '=# 6 C ? = (N ' 5=' '&3"(( ?E4 "$ '4'6 " 8("!W("). R(=(3 (8 $ = #'6'=(""E8 &$S $4 ' '"S$ (4!"'( =(W(" ( 5 3$, 5 " 8 =$-
173
&E#=$4 3' =(3(4$ M(5 ' B b$=5: '?c96 4 , S ' V M3( 58(= "$9 $&"!, = 6(4 "$ 4$A, =$&3(4 3' ?(4!9 (=6 Z $= Z &" '6 = 69&$4 5 '4?$8. 2 4 W! &$ (8 &$S $4 "$5 '9[ B = #'6'=. %3 " & = #'6'=(""EV 5'W(4 5 8$. R(=(M 6$" 9 N '#' 3"9 '5 $6 4 #4 ?' B 54(3 6 3 W( i'5 '(65 '#' " '#3$ "( $3 4 5! & $89 . j( E=( #'3$ $ '=M"EV =$?' i'5 '(65 B ='6(4 6 '?[(5 6( ? BA 6'='6 - " $ '#' =$&#=$" S(" 9 8(M3 #'4'6"E8 '4 S(5 8 =(5 " $8 ([( "( 3(4$4'5!. C6' 6 (S$ 4(" 9 '" ' 5$4 6 «^$ 5 $V & 8(= 6'#' 3'8$» (1862). >([! 5 =$W"$9! >5( " M(" 9 9#' E, ' '=E( '" 6E"(5 ' 3$, ' 5$"E 5 [( ( 4!"'B '?5 '9 (4!"'5 !Z, $ 5$8 =(5 " , 5=(3 ' '=EV '" M 4. j '?E "( 5'B 5 8$ 6 N V 54'6 9V, i'5 '(65 B 3'4M(" ?E4 "$B $ 'B- ' 6EV'3. 28 5 $4$ ?'4(&"(""$9 b'=8$ V= 5 $"5 6$, ' '='B '" = W(4 &$ N #'3E. > '4"( 'S(6 3"', S ' '5 M3(""E8, 5=(3 ' '=EV '" M 4, ?E4 = 5 [ "( '4! ' S 3'6 ["'( &6(=5 6', "' "( ' '=E( = &"$ S(4'6(S"'5 . i'5 '(65 B 5# 5 4 ' 3(4!"E( ='964(" 9 S(4'6(S"'5 '5 =' 4 "$ " V 'S("! 5 55 6("" Z 5'6(=W(""' $ '4'# S(5 Z '"A( A Z, 3'V'3 6W Z 3' =$B"(B 3($4 &$A ='5 '#' = 55 '#' "$='3$. a ' ?E4 (=6EB W$# "$ (#' 3'4#'#' 3 V'6"'#' =$&6 9. > 1854 #., '#3$ ' '"S 459 5=' &$ 4ZS(" 9, (#' ' 3$4 6 5'43$ E, 6 '4 , 5 '96W B 6 3$4( '8 5 ? =5 '8 #'='3(. > 1855 #. 8(= 7 '4$B I, "$ =(5 '4 6&'W(4 (#' 5E", ;4( 5$"3= II. a ' ?E4 4 SW B = 55 B A$=! &$ 65Z 5 '= Z ='W4'#' 6( $. (R' ='" 5 3!?E '" '# ? ' = =(6'4ZA '"(='6, ? 6$4!"' =$&'=6$""EB ' '4$8 ?='W(""'B 6 "(#' ?'8?'B.) > "$S$4( (#' =$64(" 9 8"'# ( &$ 4ZS(""E( '4 S 4 $8" 5 Z. i'5 '(65 '#' 6'55 $"'6 4 6 =$6$V. j(=(& S( E=( #'3$ '" '4 S 4 =$&=(W(" ( 6(=" !59 6 R( (=? =#. g[( 6 '54(3" ( #'3E, ='6(3(""E( 6 C ? = , '" 5"'6$ 6&9459 &$ (=' "$ 5$4 «C(4' C ( $"S '6'» (1859) «^$ 5 & 8(= 6'#' 3'8$». ; 6 R( (=? =#( 5 #'4'6'B W(4 6 4 (=$ =" Z 3(9 (4!"'5 !. >8(5 ( 5 ?=$ '8 \ V$ 4'8 '" "$S$4 &3$6$ ! M ="$4 «>=(89». «^$ 5 & '3 '4!9» «f" M(""E( '5 '=?4(""E(» (1861) 6 (=6E( '96 4 5! 6 N '8 M ="$4(. g#' ' "'W(" ( 64$5 98 =( (= (4' &"$-
174
S (4!"E( &8("(" 9 ' 5=$6"(" Z 5 Z"'W(5 8 =$B" 8 6ǭ$8 . D( (=! (#' '4 S(5 '( =(3' &6 S$4' $ « =$6'54$6 (, 5$8'3(=M$6 ( "$='3"'5 !» - = $, "$ ' '=EV 3(=M$4'5! =($ A '""'( 54$69"'b 4!5 6'. C'A $4 &8 &$ $3"EB 4 ?(=$4 &8 5 $4 349 "(#' 6' 4'[(" (8 &$ $3"'B &$=$&E 3!96'4!5 8 "$6$M3(" (8, = &6$""E8 =$&= W ! 54$69"5 B V= 5 $"5 B 8 =. C(#'3"9 "( ' '=E( $ M( ' "'59 59 b$W &8 4 '88 " &8 , 6 39 6 " V ! 65('?[(#' 5 $5(" 9. g#' 4 S"$9 M &"! 5 4$3E6$4$5! "( 3$S"'. > C ? = '" M(" 459, "' ?=$ N ' "( = "(5 (8 5S$5 !9. > 1862 1863 ##. "(#' ?E4$ 569&! 5 '3"'B 5$ (4!" A(B, '" 68(5 ( '5( 4 ;"#4 Z, O=$"A Z :(=8$" Z. a $ M("[ "$, ' '= Z '" '&3"(( "$&E6$4 « "b(="$4!"'B», ' 65(B 6 3 8'5 , ?E4$ (#' &4E8 #(" (8. R'&M( '"$ 6EW4$ &$8 M &$ X'&$"'6$, &$8(S$ (4!"'#' 5$ (49, 5'S( $6W(#' ?4(5 "('?E "'6(""'#' $4$" $ 5 8'8("$8 '=$& (4!"'B "$ 6"'5 . (d &"$4 X'&$"'6$, '#3$ '" M( ?E4 M("$ "$ 3= #'B.) a $ M("[ "$, 6(='9 "', ' $&$4$ "( 'S("! ?4$#' 6'="'( 64 9" ( "$ i'5 '(65 '#', ([( ?'4(( =$55 =' 6 (#' "( 5 'BS 6 Z 5 V . > :(=8$" 6 (=6E( ='96 4$5! (#' 5 =$5 ! $= 'S"'B #=( - ? S 5(8! "( =('3'4 8'( =( 9 5 6 ( V' ! $ '8 -" ? 3! 3'5 $ 6 3'8(. R'54( 58(= ?=$ $ M ="$4, ' '=EB '" &3$6$4, &$ =E459. i'5 '(65 B '?$" =' 459, "$ "(#' 4(#4' ?=(89 &$?' ' 5(8!( ?=$$ - '?9&$""'5 !, ' '= Z '" 5=$& M( 3'?='6'4!"' 6&94 "$ 5(?9. j '?E 5 =$6 !59 5 N 'B "( '5 4!"'B "'W(B, i'5 '(65 B =!9"' = "9459 &$ =$?' . >5( 5$8E( &6(5 "E( 5'S "(" 9: «R=(5 4(" ( "$ $&$" (» (1866), «2#=' » (1867), «23 ' » (1868), «Y(5E» (1872), «Y=$ !9 <$=$8$&'6E» (1880) 3=. - 5'&3$6$4 5! 6 54'6 9V 6(S"'B 5 (W : '" "( 65(#3$ 8(4 6'&8'M"'5 ! 3$M( (=(S $ ! "$ 5$""'(, 6(="(( - ='3 '6$""'( 5 ("'#=$b 5 $8. > 4 A( '3"'B & " V '" 65 =( 4, "$'"(A, 'S("! =(3$"" Z (8 M("[ " 5 &=93"'B =$ S(5 'B M 4 'B, 5 (( '8'[!Z 5 $4 4$3E6$ !59 6 5=' 6E $459 & b "$"5'6'#' = & 5$. > 1867 #. '" M(" 459 "$ "(B. a ' ?E4 5S$5 4 6EB ?=$ . C 1867-#' ' 1871 #. '" 3'5 #4 ' "'5 (4!"'#' 8$ (= $4!"'#' ?4$#' '4 S 9 58'#4 6(=" !59 6 X'55 Z. C (V '= 3'
175
5$8'B 56'(B 58(= i'5 '(65 B M 4 5=$6" (4!"' 5 ''B"'. «Y(5E» 8(4 '#='8"EB 5 (V. >5 '=( '54( V '964(" 9 (8 =(34'M 4 (S$ $ !59 6 '"5(=6$ 6"'8 M ="$4( «:=$M3$" "», ' '=EB &3$6$4 "9&! \([(=5 B. R(=(3 58(= !Z '" =$?' $4 "$3 6 '=E8 '8'8 ='8$"$ «Y=$ !9 <$=$8$&'6E», ='54$6 6W(#'59 ?'4!W( 65(V '5 $4!"EV ='8$"'6. 7' ([( ?'4!W Z &6(5 "'5 ! '4 S 4$ (#' =(S! "$ ' =E $89 " $ R W " 6 \'5 6( 6 1880 #. ^$ N 8 #=$"3 '&"E8 5'?E (8 5 '94$ 5 =$5 "$9 4Z?'6! X'55 R W " . @ SW ( 5$ (4 19 6. = "94 6 "(8 S$5 (. 7' 5$8EB 'W(4'849Z[ B 5 (V '4 S 4$ =(S! i'5 '(65 '#'. C ! (( 56'3 4$5! '8 , S ' R W " (5 ! 6E=$M(" ( = 55 '#' "$A '"$4!"'#' 3 V$ 5 (#' 65(8 ="'B ' &E6S 6'5 !Z, ' '=EB S ' ' 4 $( 59 "$ 3($4E 3= # V "$='3'6, "' 3 V'6"' '58E54 6$( =('?=$M$( V. > N 'B 5 '5'?"'5 i'5 '(65 B 6 3(4 56 3( (4!5 6' 65(8 ="'B 8 55 = 55 '#' "$='3$. j $9 =(S! 5(#'3"9, = 3"' '"9 ! = S " (( '#4 W (4!"'#' 5 (V$. 7' (54 65 '8" !, S ' 6 N ' 6=(89 659 g6=' $ =' 6'5 '94$ ='5 = 55 '#' 5$8'5'&"$" 9 8'# [(5 6$, 8E 4 SW( 'B8(8, $ Z ? =Z S 65 6 6E&6$4$ N $ =(S! 6 $ = ' S(5 V 3 W$V 54 W$ (4(B. j(=(& #'3, 6 1881 #., "(&$3'4#' 3' 58(= ;4( 5$"3=$ II, i'5 '(65 B 8(=, &$54 M 6 65('?[(( = &"$" ( 'S $" (.
*** >4 9" ( &$ $3"'B 4 (=$ =E 6' b=$"A &5 V = 55 V (=(6'3$V, 5(" 8(" $4!"EV #' S(5 V ='8$"'6 X S$=35'"$ (1689 - 1761), ;""E X$3 4 bb (1764 1823), i ("5$ (1812 - 1870), X 55' (1712 - 1778) aM("$ CZ (1804 - 1857) 5'S( $( 59 6 =' &6(3(" 9V i'5 '(65 '#' 5 =(4 # '&"'B N &$4! $A (B, (=(V'39[(B 6 8(4'3=$8$ S(5 Z 5(" 8(" $4!"'5 !. C4(3 ( (4!"'5 5 "'B M S(4'6( X 55', 5
' 4 S$ ! «5(" 8(" $4!"'5 !» ' «S 65 6 ». C(" 8(" $4!"EB S(4'6( 8'M( ?E ! 6 S$&" S=(&6ES$B"' M(5 ' 8. D'" ' S 65 6 Z[ B " '#3$ "( ?E6$( M(5 ' 8. C(" 8(" $4!"EB '5'?"EB 65V4 E6$ ! "$3 ='#=(55 6"'B 3(-
176
(B, =$55'6$4 56' V 8"'#'S 54(""EV 3( (B ' =$&"E8 = Z $8 =$?' "E8 3'8$8 6 '54(35 6 " '#3$ "( = " 8$4 S$5 9 6 V 5 3!?(. C(" 8(" $4!"$9 5 $=$9 3(6$ 8'M( '=8 ! 56'(#' ' #$9 4$ '85 6$8 ' =$6 ! 4(89"" A . C(" 8(" $4!"EB '4 " '#3$ "( =' 5 i"9 8$ (= ?(&M$4'5 "' =$5 =$6 59 5' 56' 8 5' (=" '8. C $4 " 4Z? 4 3( (B. f @(" "$ 5'=#$4$ =E3$" 9 ' (=$, '5'?(""' «D=$6 $ $». k(4EB 6( 5$ (4 6'5 (6$4 ='5 Z M &"! ?(3"9 '6. D$ 6' , '#3$ 8E #'6'= 8 ' 5(" 8(" $4 5 $V - ' X S$=35'"(, X 55', i'5 '(65 '8, - 8E 8((8 6 6 3 "(' =$63$""'( =$&3 6$" ( 5$8EV '?ES"EV S 65 6, $6 '8$ S(5 6E&E6$Z[(( 6 S $ (4( (5 (5 6(""'( 5'5 =$3$" ( i'5'(65 B $ "( 58'# &?$6 !59 ' 64 9" 9 5(" 8("$4!"EV ='8$"'6 &$ $3"EV 3( ( 6'6. 28(""' 5("8(" $4 &8 6'5V'3 '"b4 , ' '=EB '" $ 4Z? 4: '5 $6 ! #(='9 6 " & (4!"'( '4'M(" ( &64(S! & "(#' 8$ 5 8 8 5'5 =$3$" 9. <'#3$ '54( 6'&6=$[(" 9 & C ? = "$S$4 5'&=(6$ ! 3( i'5 '(65 '#': 5 $5(" ( S(=(& #=(V ' $9" (, N S(5 '( =(6'5V'35 6' 5 =$3$" 9 58 =(" 9, "( =' 64(" ( &4 , &$[ $ 56'?'3"'B 6'4 "( b 4'5'b5 , $ "=$65 6(""', , "$ '"(A, #4$6"EB 3'#8$ , =' 6' '5 $649Z[ B N#' 5 S(5 Z $" V= 5 $"5 Z g6=' ?=$ 5 V= 5 $"5 'B X'55 , - '#3$ 65( N 3( (3'5 '"$4!"' =$&'?=$""E( 6 5' "9V S(?" '6) V4E" 4 6 (#' ='8$"E, 5 4!"'( &$ $3"'( 64 9" ( 65( ([( '5 $6$4'5!, V'S( 59 5 $&$ !, S ' i'5 '(65 B, $ "("$6 3(6W B ^$ $3, ?E4 5$8E8 (6=' (B5 8 & = 55 V 5$ (4(B. 2" (=(5"' ='54(3 ! 4 (=$ =" Z ='3'54'6" Z (#' #(='(6. g#' 4Z? 8(A, #(='B 3=(6"(= 55 '#' b'4! 4'=$ 26$" W $-3 =$S' , ' '='#' ?=$ !9 5S $Z ?(5 '4 '6E8 = 3 = '8, "$ 5$8'8 3(4( 3!96'4!5 &6'=' 4 6. C'6(=W(""' ?(55'6(5 "EB, "( 'N S"EB 8$4' = 64($ (4!"EB , '4 A( 6'=9Z[ B $B"'( '=M(5 6' '6$=5 6$ "$3 5 4'B 8'# [(5 6'8, 26$" W $-3 =$S' , 5E" 56'(#' "$='3$, (=(M 6W(#' 5 '4! ' "(5S$5 B, S ' 5 4 V6'B V6$ 4' ?E "$ 3(59 ' 3= # V "$='3'6, $ " 5 =$""' - =' ' "9&9 \EW "$, #4$6"'#' #(='9 ='8$"$ i'5 '(65 '#' «23 ' », '4'M (4!"'#', S 5 '#', "(6 ""'#' 3 =$S $, 5 'S$Z[(#' 58 =(" (, 5$8'' =(S(" ( 3 W(6"EB 8 =. f "9&9 \EW "$, 6 56'Z 'S(=(3!, (5 ! 6" , "(3$6"' 5'&3$""EB 5'6=(8(""E8 5'6( -
177
5 8 5$ (4(8 \ V$ 4'8 ^'[(" ', ?'3='#' 3(? 4$, M 6 [(#' "$ &$36'= $V '4 A(B5 '#' ' $4 $="'#' #'5 3$=5 6$, #3( 54$?' 8 ( 5 $4' '54(3" 8 = ?(M [(8 S(4'6( $. Y(&6 5 A$ i'5 '(65 '#', (#' ?(5 '"(S"'( ' $" ( 6 3 W$V 4Z3(B 5 =(b=(B3'65 8 '8 4( 5$8 , '(" ( =$#(3 (B =$5 ' $""'#' S(4'6(S(5 '#' 3'5 ' "5 6$ 65(8 N 8 6'5V [$ !59 "(4(# '. \"( =( , $ (#' #(=' «S(=(& #=(V = V'39 ' e= 5 », 4 , ' 6E=$M(" Z Y " "$, N $ 8$"(=$ i'5 '(65 '#' «5'6$ ! e= 5 $ #3( "$3' "( "$3'». D'S"' $ M(, $ 8("9 '5 $649( =$6"'3 W"E8 8 &E $, 8'(8 5'M$4(" Z, 9 =$6"'3 W(" i'5 '(65 '8 - ='=' . @ SW 8, S ' '" "$ 5$4, 8"( $M( 59 «i6'B" ». a $ 5 '= 9, &4'M(""$9 'S("! 5 5"', ' 8"(" Z = $ \ =5 '#', - 5' 8"'M(5 6'8 'S 3M'B5'65 V '3='?"'5 (B, # 5 ' "$5E[(""$9 b'"( S(5 'B = 8 S(5 'B 6E=$& (4!"'5 !Z, - '6(5 6 ( ' S "'6" (, ' '=EB 5'W(4 5 8$, 6''?=$& 6, S ' (#' 5'54 M 6(A = 56' 4 5(?( (#' 4 S"'5 !. R'6(5 ! N $ - 5'6(=W(""EB W(3(6=, "' ' 4'"" i'5 '(65 '#'- ='=' $ 6=93 4 5'#4$59 59 5' 8"'B, '5 '4! '"$ "$ 5$"$ 6 1840 #., &$3'4#' 3' $ "$&E6$(8EV 6(4 V ='8$"'6, '8 M( '3=$M$" ( :'#'4Z '3S$5 $ =$& (4!"', S ' 6=(8("$8 " #$ $M( 59 'S $='3 (B. > 56( ( 5 '= S(5 'B N6'4ZA V 3'M(5 6(""'#' 6 3(" 9 i'5 '(65 B - =$B"( 4Z?' E "'( 964(" (. >" 8$(4!"' & S 6 4Z? Z (#' " # , 5 $M(8, «Y=$ !9 <$=$8$&'6E», 6E &$8( (, S ' 6 "(B ' 5 5 6 Z ' 5$" 9 = ='3E, $ 6''?[( 65(, S ' ' "'5 59 S 65 6(""'8 6'5 = 9 Z. g54 '" ' 5E6$( (B&$M, ' N ' (B&$M 3(B"EB, "=$65 6(""EB. > (#' 8 =( "( '#'3E, 'N '8 $ 4Z3 '3( E, "( 8(( '5'?'#' &"$S(" 9. C6'V #(='(6 i'5 '(65 B V$=$ (= & ( 5 '8'[!Z 5 $A B, N S(5 V '"b4 '6, 5 V'4'# S(5 V 3 W(6"EV 3=9&#. % 5$6 '3"$M3E "$= M"'5 ! #(='9, '" ' 5 $= " ( M( "( 6'&6=$[$( 59 (#' 6"(W"(8 '?4 . D$ "( '5 $( ?'4!W'B V 3'M" ; 5 $M(8, D'45 'B 65( 6=(89 8E54(""' 54(3 &$ 56' 8 #(='98 'S"' &"$( '5'?EB M(5 , ' '=E8 6 4 " Z 8 " ( 6'5 '4!& Z 59. 7' (5 ! 6 i'5 '(65 '8 "(S ' ([( ?'4(( "('?E "'6(""'(. <$&$4'5!, 5$8'B 5 3!?'B (8 ?E4'
178
#' '6$"' 5 $ ! 6(4 S$BW 8 = 55 8 3=$8$ =#'8, "' '" "( "$W(4 56'(#' 5 $4 ='8$" 5 '8. X'8$" «Y=$ !9 <$=$8$&'6E» 65(#3$ $&$459 8"( "(6(='9 "' =$&='5W(B59 !(5'B 349 "(5 '4! V 5 '4" (4(B 5 'S"' =$55S $""'B '?5 $"'6 'B =( 6 & '8: « = #4EB 54(3 ' 8' ='B =Z8 "$ 5$3'6'8 5 '4(», ' "', =$5 =$W(""'( M(4 'B =$5 'B, S '?E 65( 6E#493(4' $ , 54'6"' 5"$= M 5 9( 5'4"A(, 5 , '5 (W"' 6"(5(""EB 5 =$&8$V ?='W(""EB =$?'S 8 5A("E.
*** R'&6'4! ( 8"( $&$ ! "$ ([( '3 " 8( '3 '?=$[(" 9 5 4 (=$ ='B - ='5 (BW B , ?E ! 8'M( , 6$M"(BW B. g54 6$8 "( "=$6 59 " #$, 6E 65(- $ 8'M( ( '4 S ! ' "(( 3'6'4!5 6 (, 6''?=$M$9 5(?( "'B, ?'4(( =$6 4!"EB 6ǭ "$ 6([ 4 , S ' ' M( 5$8'(, 6E=$M$9 56'( ' "'W(" ( " 8 "$S(, S(8 "("$6 5 "EB $6'=. R'5=(35 6(""'(, b$4!W 6'(, 'W4'( (&$ '8" ( N ' 54'6') 8'M( ' =$B"(B 8(=( = "(5 &4'=$3"'(, "' =$B"( '4(&"'( 3'6'4!5 6 (, ' $ 6E S(= EV$( (5! "$3 6 '='5'= "'B " #'B, 3'5 '(""'B =(8 . 7' " # , ' '=E( 6E 4Z? (, " M"' S $ !, 6&3=$# 6$9 &$3EV$95! ' 6'5 '=#$. R'&6'4! ( 8"( 3$ ! 6$8 '3 " =$ S(5 B 5'6( . @ (=$ = , "$5 '9[ Z 4 (=$ = , "( 5 ' #4' $ ! &$4 '8, $ 5"$3'?!(, '4(&"'( 349 5(=3A$ 4 8$, N '#' «M(4 3 $» 3 W . @ (=$ = "$3' = " 8$ ! 8(4 8 3'&$8 , =$&3='? 6, =$5 ='W 6, =$&8'4'6, - '#3$ 6E 'S 65 6 ( ( (( 54$3'5 "'( ?4$#' V$" ( 6 #4 ? "( 4$3'"(B; (( " M"' =$&#=E&$ !, 5 "$54$M3(" (8 (=( $ E6$9 9&E '8 6' = - '#3$ '4! ' '#3$ 6E 'A(" ( ' 3'5 ' "5 6 (( =(3 '5 "EB $='8$ , =$&3='?4(""E(, =$&8(4!S(""E( S$5 AE 6"'6! 5'(3 "9 59 6'(3 "' 6 6$W(8 5'&"$" '?=( =$5' A(4'#', ' '='8 6E '38(W$4 S 'S 5'?5 6(""'B ='6 .
***
179
R= " 8$95! &$ =$?' , V 3'M" 5 $6 5(?( ' =(3(4("" Z &$3$S . %" '3? =$( #(='(6, 6=(89 8(5 ', $ &$ (8 "$V'3 ( '5'?E( '?5 '9 (4!5 6$, ' '=E( '&6'49 3(B5 6 Z =$&6 6$ !59 (5 (5 6(""', ' (5 ! ?(& 659 '#' "$5 4 9 "$3 8$ (= $4'8, =$&6 6$ !59 (5 (5 6(""' 4'# S"' & 5'S( $" 9 6&$ 8'3(B5 6 9 [(""EV 8 6 V'3 5 4. \ =, =$3 N '#' 5'&3$""EB, 8'M( ?E ! 5'6(=W(""' "(=($4!"E8 - "$ = 8(=, 8 = <$b 4 :'#'49, - "' (5 ! '3"' "( =(8(""'( 54'6 (, ' '='( 8E 6 =$6( ' "(#' =(?'6$ !: ' $ '" 5 [(5 6 ( , N ' 8 = 3'4M(" 6E&E6$ ! 3'6(= ( S $ (49 4 &= (49. C'6(=W(""' "(6$M"', "$ = 8(=, S ' l( 5 = 66'3 6 !(5 ("! ' A$ :$84( $. 7(6$M"', 5'#4$5 859 4 8E 5 = $8 , 6(=M3$Z[ 8 , S ' 5'6=(8("" l( 5 =$ 6(= 4 6 = 6 3(" 9 'N '8 '" ' =$63$""' = ?(#$( " 8 6 56' V 3=$8$V, 4 3' 5 8, S ' = &=$ - 5A(" S(5 $9 54'6"'5 !. C '#' 8'8(" $, $ 3 V ? '#' '='49 '9649( 59 6 =$#(3 , 8E 6(= 8 6 "(#' "( 5'8"(6$(859, S ' l( 5 = ?E4 6 =$6( 53(4$ ! (#' 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A'8. > 5 ["'5 , '34 ""$9 8(=$ $4$" $ (5 ! 5 ( ("! "( 'V'M(5 $6 '=$ 5'&3$""'#' 8 8 =$, $ '#' 3' "(#' " '#3$ "( ?E4', S ' ([( 6$M"(( - (#' 3'5 '6(="'5 !. R=(34$#$Z 6$8 'A(" ! 8 = i'5 '(65 '#' 5 N 'B 'S &=(" 9. ^$ (8, '?=$[$95! V 3'M(5 6(""'8 =' &6(3(" Z, "(4!&9 &$?E6$ !, S ' 5 55 6' - ?'M(5 6(""$9 #=$. a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b "$4!"E( 5A("E =(V 6(4 S$BW V "$ 56( ( !(5: 58(= ! <'=3(4 ,
180
? B5 6' :$84( $ 5$8' ? B5 6' % (44'. \E 5'3='#$(859, "' 6 N 'B 3='M (5 ! &6(5 "'( "$54$M3(" (. \E 6'5V [$(859 "( # ?(4!Z #(='(6, "' 65( '?(M3$Z[ 8 #(" (8 l( 5 =$. d ?E V' (4, S '?E 6E 'A(" 4 «R=(5 4(" ( "$ $&$" (» «^$ 5 & '3 '4!9» (1864) 8(""' 5 N 'B 'S &=(" 9: (=(6(W 6$( 4 N5 ( S(5 '( "$54$M3(" (, ' '='( 6E 5 E E6$( (, 5' ='6'M3$9 i'5 '(65 '#' 6 (#' (W(5 6 9V 6 #4 ?! ?'4!"EV 3 W, 65(#3$ 4 '"' (=(6(W 6$( 3= # ( S 65 6$ 3='M! ' 6=$[(" 9 "(&3'='6EB " (=(5 '3='?"'5 98 =(5 4(" 9? > 3= # V (#' ='8$"$V =$6"'6(5 9 8(M3 N5 ( S(5 8 3'5 M(" 98 N4(8(" $8 #'4'6"'B V='" ([( 8("!W(. 2 "$ '"(A, '#3$ V 3'M" "$S "$( 554(3'6$ ! 36 M(" 9 S(4'6(S(5 'B 3 W '3 #"( '8 "(6E"'5 8EV 5 E $" B, "$W " (=(5 65 EV 6$( &"$S (4!"' ?E5 =(( 8E 'V' "(B 54(3 (8 &$ V 3'M" '8, 6(3 [ 8 "$5 ' (8"E8 &$ ' 4 $8 3 W , (54 (( =($ A ?'4(( 4 8("(( S(4'6(S(5 (. d "( V'S , =$& 8(( 59, 5 $&$ !, S ' "$8 " (=(5"$ 4 3'4M"$ ?E ! " (=(5"$ '4! ' 3 V'6"$9 M &"! $ "$&E6$(8'#' 5=(3"(#' S(4'6( $. X$& 8(( 59, "( . d V'S 4 W! 5 $&$ !, S ' (36$ 4 8E 8'M(8 5S $ ! '6(3(" ( ? B"' '8(W$""'#' 4 ?'4!"'#', ' '='#' '4! ' S ' 6E 5 4 & 5 8$5W(3W(#' 3'8$ 6' -6' &$?(= '?=$ "', "'=8$4!"E8, S(4'6(S(5 8. X($ A N V &$?4 3W V, 5 $4(S(""EV, & ='3'6$""EV 3 W M( "(4!&9 5S $ ! "'=8$4!"E8 S(4'6(S(5 8 =($ A 98 6 '?[( = "9 '8 58E54( N '#' 54'6$, 4 M( '" 3' '#' = S 34 6E, S ' '5 $64(""$9 $6 '='8 &$3$S$ '5 $( 59 "(=(W(""'B, "(&$6 5 8' ' '#', $ '" =(3 '4$#$4 (( =(W !, 554(3 9 5 '4! "('?ES"E( V$=$ (=E. d '=E459 6 8(3 A "5 V 5 =$6'S" $V 5'5 $6 4 5 5' 5 V S(5 V &$?'4(6$" B, ' '=E8 5 =$3$Z #(=' i'5 '(65 '#':
I.
+
,
j( E=( 96"EV 54 S$9: "9&! \EW " 6 «23 ' (», C8(=39 '6 6 «Y=$ !9V <$=$8$&'6EV», < = 44'6 6 «Y(5$V» 7(44 6 «f" M(""EV '5 '=?4(""EV».
181
1) <4$55 S(5 B 54 S$B =(35 $649( 5'?'B "9&! \EW ". %" 8 5 S$5 ' 6 $3$( 6 N 5 $ S(5 ( 5'5 '9" 9, 5 4'"(" A &8 , "$3(4(" '=$& (4!"'B 5 '5'?"'5 !Z 5'5 =$3$" Z, S ' '&6'49( (8 " 6"' #$3E6$ ! "$8(=(" 9 ' = =$ (", ?4$#'3$=9 S(8 3'5 # "(M$Z[ V. %" (3$" S"' $ 6(='9 "EV 5 (V'6 6 $44 #=$b . > 3( 5 6( 5 " 8 S$5 ' 54 S$4 5! = $3 , 6=$S = W4 &$ 4ZS(" Z, S ' '" "( &4(S 8EB « 3 ' »... 2) C8(=39 '6, "(&$ '""'='M3(""EB 5E" 5 $= $ <$=$8$&'6$ ' Z='3 6'B. g[( 6 3( 5 6( '" 6E $&E6$4 S 3'6 [" Z M(5 ''5 !. @Z? 4 6(W$ ! 'W( , ' '8 V'='" 4 V, 5'6(=W$9 "$3 " 8 ?'#'V 4!"EB '?=93. C8'4'3 6 "(8 =$&6 4'5! 6E5' '8(= (, 6 4' ! 3' 8$" 6(4 S 9... %" S$5 ' ? 459 6 = $3 $V $3 S(B... . 3. 3) < = 44'6 - N ' '&(4 ' [(" 9 6 «Y(5$V» - 5 =$3$( $3 S(B 6 "$S$4!"'B 5 $3 . \9# B ?4$#'='3"EB 8"EB S(4'6( 65( M( 96"EB N 4( . %" 'S"' ' 5E6$( (=6E( = &"$ "$36 #$Z[(#'59 = 5 $. g#' &$?'4(6$" ( '54'M"9( 59 8$" (B 5$8' ? B5 6$. 4) e$=$ (= 7(44 "( 5 '4! " (=(5(" 349 '" 8$" 9 = ='3E N 4( 5 , '" " S(#' "( 3'?$649( '8 , S ' =$5 =E6$Z = =(3E3 [ V 54 S$9.
II. f #("(=$4$ 26'4# "$ & «23 ' $» 5 $=S(5 B 8$=$&8, 5 # ?4(""EB $4 '#'4 &8'8. a ' M$4 '(, ?(&' 6( 5 6(""'( 5 [(5 6', 6(S"' 49"S$[(( 3("!# "$ 6E 6 : «d ' 3$8, (B-?'# , ' 3$8». <'#3$ (#' 4 S$Z 6' 4M , '" "$ 8 " (=9( 59, "' M( 5"'6$ = " 8$( 59 &$ 5 $='(. 28(""' N $ $ '4'# S(5 $9 5 4'""'5 ! 6=$"!Z 4 SW( 65(#' V$=$ (= & ( 5'5 '9" ( (#' 8$, $4 '#'4 &8 "(8$4' 5 '5'?5 6 ( =$5 $3 4 S"'5 .
III.
,
1) @ &$ e'V4$ '6$ 6 «Y=$ !9V <$=$8$&'6EV», 3(6'S $ 14 4( , S$5 S"' $=$4 &'6$""$9, $=$4 S 5 '=(( 65(#' '='M3(" 5(= (B 8'M( ?E ! 6E4(S(" =$&6( S ' S 3'8... %"$ "( ' 4($8 =$&6 $, 'S("! 6 (S$ 4 (4!"$, ' ( 4 6$, 6&?$48'W"$, 5 =$3$( "'S"'B 4 V'=$3 'B - 65( 5 8 '8E 6 'S"'5 5'' 6( 5 6 Z 4$55 S(5 '8 54 S$Z 5 (= . R' "'S$8 (B 5"9 59 S(= . ; 3"(8 '"$ 8(S $( , $ ? 3( S " ! &4' =$&= W(-
182
" (. %"$ 'V' "' 5 $( 59 6 =$&8EW4(" 9 ' "(3$6"' 54 S 6W(859 ' A( ? B5 6(, 6 ' '='8 '?6 "9Z i8 = 9 <$=$8$&'6$: «65(8 "=$6 59, S ' '" ? 4», . 3. 2) @ &$ D W "$ 6 «Y(5$V» 65( 6=(89 "$ #=$" 5 (= . %"$ "(6(='9 "' "(=6"$ ?(5 ' 'B"$, "$38(""$, "' = N '8 ='9649( S 3(5$ 6(4 '3 W 9. %"$ '36(=M("$ 5 =$""E8 = S 3$8 = $3 $8 5 (= S(5 '#' 58(V$, &$6(=W$Z[(#'59 54(&$8 . <='8( N V ' ='6(""' 4 " S(5 V 54 S$(6 5 (= #(='(6 i'5 '(65 '#' "$?4Z3$Z 59 =$&"''?=$&"E( b'=8E 5(= S(5 V "$ 4'""'5 (B: 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$ 6 «23 ' (», <$ (= "$ 26$"'6"$ 6 «R=(5 4(" "$ $&$" » 5 =$3$Z «"(=6$8 », ?'4!W$9 S$5 ! M("5 V (=5'"$M(B ' 8(S("$ 5 4'""'5 !Z 5 (= .
IV.
.
,
R5 V' $ '6 5=(3 #4$6"EV #(='(6 ='8$"'6 8"'M(5 6': C $6='# " - 54 S$B "=$65 6(""'B "( '4"'A(""'5 , X'#'M " - M(= 6$ N=' '8$" , X$5 '4!" '6 - 54 S$B 6=(8(""'#' '8 "(" 9 =$55 3 $, 26$" <$=$8$&'6 - ([( '3 " "("'=8$4!"EB. >5( N ' 54 S$ , 56 3( (4!5 6 Z[ ( ' =$5 $3( 4 S"'5 . 2 (5 ! ([( 8"'M(5 6' 3= # V = 8(='6, 6 4ZS$9 "(5 '4! V 5'6(=W(""' ?(& 8"EV (=5'"$M(B. \(M3 ='S 8, S("E( ' ='6(=#$Z 6(=M3(" 9 "( ''=EV = '6 ' '8, ? 3 ' ?E i'5 '(65 B - =(3W(5 6("" O=(B3$ •"#$. ^$ ' 8'M"' ?(3 (4!"' 3' $&$ !, S ' i'5 '(65 B 8"'#' =$ "' 5 '4!&'6$4 5'S "(" ( "(8(A '#' 6=$S$ k.-:. <$= 5$ «R5 V $ = 9», ' ?4 '6$""'( 6 1846 #. R=(3 '4'M(" (, S ' i'5 '(65 B =(3 (S$ O=(B3$, '5"'6$"' "$ '8, S ' (=8 "'4'# 9 # ' (&E 6 " #( <$= 5$ 5V'3"E 5 b=(B3'65 8 , "' '5"'6"E( '"A( A - =$&"E(, 6 '3" M( (=8 "'4'# Z $6 '=E 6 4$3E6$4 =$&"E( 3( . C'8" (4!"', 8'M"' 4 65(=!(& #'6'= ! ' «=($4 &8(» 4 «S(4'6(S(5 '8 ' E (» 5$ (49, 5'&3$6W(#' A(4 Z #$4(=(Z "(6=$5 (" '6 3 W(6"'?'4!"EV. <='8( 65(#' ='S(#', #(='(6 i'5 '(65 '#' (5 ! ([( '3"$ 3 6 (4!"$9 S(= $: "$ =' 9M(" 65(B " # '" "( 8("9Z 59. > 5$8'8 "$S$4( '6(5 6'6$" 9 8E 65 =(S$(859 5
183
5'6(=W(""' 54'M 6W 8 59 V$=$ (=$8 , $ 8 '" '5 $Z 59, ?(& '5'?EV (=(8(", $ ?E " 8("94 5! '?5 '9 (4!5 6$. 7$ = 8(=, 6 54 S$( 5 X$5 '4!" '6E8 6 «R=(5 4(" "$ $&$" » 8E 6 3 8, $ S(4'6( = V'3 6'&8'M"'5 #$=8'" 5 6"(W" 8 8 ='8, S ', 6 ='S(8, ='9649( 59 '4! ' 6"(W"(, 6" =(""( X$5 '4!" '6 8$4' 8("9( 59, $ '5 $4!"E( #(=' i'5 '(65 '#' '#' 8("!W(. g3 "5 6(""'(, S ' =$&6 6$( 59 6 " #(, "$V'3 59 6 36 M(" , 6"(&$ "' 56'=$S 6$( , ' 4'"9( 59 6 5 '='" , &$V6$ E6$9 6 56'B 6'3'6'=' 65( "'6EV #(='(6 "'6E( '?5 '9 (4!5 6$, - N ' " = #$. X$& "$65(#3$ 54'6 859, S ' i'5 '(65 B - =(M3( 65(#' $6 '= 3( ( 6"EV ='8$"'6, #3( $M3EB (=5'"$M, =(35 $6W B (=(3 "$8 , '5 $( 59 (8 M( 5$8E8 3' '"A$, 5' 56' 8 54'M 6W 8 59 = 6ES $8 S(= 'S$8 ; 65( #(=' 6 '8 4 "'8 ='8$"( 3(B5 6 Z , $ ' E "E( W$V8$ 5 E 6 54'M"'B W$V8$ "'B $= . \$5 (= V'='W' &$ = S(""'#' 5ZM( $, i'5 '(65 B =(=$5"' 8(( &$64$3( ! 6" 8$" (8 S $ (49, 8(4' '36'3 (#' =$&69& $8 5 &$6 3"E8 5 55 6'8 3(=M S $ (49 6 "$ =9M(" . 7' (54 6E (=(S $4 " # , ' '= Z M( ='S4 '3"$M3E &"$( ( 65( &$8E54'6$E( "('M 3$""'5 5ZM( $, 6E 'S 65 6 ( (, S ' "( 5E E6$( ( =(M"(#' "$ =9M(" 9.
«
» (1866)
R'5 '4! i'5 '(65 B 8(( 8$5 (=5 &$ = ! 5ZM( 5 '8'[!Z "(3'#'6'=(""'5 (B "$8( '6 3(=M$ ! S $ (49 6 "$ =9M(" , = 55 ( W '4!" W '4!" AE 6$Z 59 (#' " #$8 "$=$6"( 5 O(" 8'='8 < (='8, > '='8 :Z#', i ("5'8 D =#("(6E8. \"( ?E4' 36("$3A$ ! 4( , '#3$ 5'=' 9 ! 4( '8 "$&$3 9 6 (=6E( ='S(4 «R=(5 4(" ( "$ $&$" (» =(W 4, S ' N ' 8'# S$9 6'4" Z[$9 " #$. d (=(S $4 ((, '#3$ 8"( ?E4' 19, 6 'W8$="E( #'3E :=$M3$"5 'B 6'B"E 6 X'55 , '"94, S ' '"$ &$ 9" $, "(5 (= 8' 5(" 8(" $4!"$ 3 ="' "$ 5$"$. > 28 4( 9 6"'6! 6&9459 &$ "((, $ $ 5$4 '#3$ " # , #3( '8 "$459 i'5 '(6-
184
5 B. d (=(S $4 (( 6 S( 6(= EB =$&, #' '695! 4( A 98 6 $8(= $"5 V " 6(=5 ( $V. 2 4 W! 5'65(8 "(3$6"' 9, "$ '"(A, '"94, S ' 8("9 $ '='? 6 "(B. 2&c9", =([ "$, &-&$ ' '='B, '-8'(8 , 65( 5''= M(" ( N S(5 N5 ( S(5 =$&6$4 6$( 59, "$V'3 59 6 10-B #4$6( S( 6(= 'B S$5 . > "$S$4( 5A("E ' $9" 9 ? BA$ X$5 '4!" '6 ' =E6$( 349 5(?9 ?4$#'3$=9 C'"( 7'6EB ^$6( . %"$ S $( (8 ' 6'5 =(W(" @$&$=9. j ' M, ' $ "( 4'V'. 7' &$ (8 54(3 ( b=$&$, "( 8(Z[$9 5(?( =$6"EV ' #4 '5 6' 65(B 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =(: «%#$=' M( 3$6"' '#$5$4 6 = 6'8 '356(S" (, 5 4' '56([$9 6 N 'B " [("5 'B '8"$ ( ? BA ?4 3" A , 5 =$""' 5'W(3W V59 &$ S (" (8 6(S"'B " # ». «f? BA$ ?4 3" A$» «6(S"$9 " #$» - $ 'B =(#'4!" ! a ' 4ZS(6$9 b=$&$ ='8$"$ S"' 3'5 '(65 B = '= S(5 B 6E6(= . % S(#' '"$ $ =(M( 54 V? % S(#' '"$ $ #= ?$ ?(&6 5"$? d '4$#$Z, S ' " 6(4 B V 3'M" , " 6(4 B 8'=$4 5 , " 5 ""EB V= 5 $" ", " "$5 '9[ B b 4'5'b, " 'N , " 5'A '4'# "( 56(4 ?E 6'(3 "', 5'(3 " 6 6 '3"'8 '=E6( b$4!W 6'#' =$5"'=(S 9, ? BA - 5 (8 M(? - 5 "(5S$5 "'B ='5 'B, 5 4'" 6 V 5 '4! =$&"E( #'4'6E "$3 569[(""'B " #'B. e= 5 $"5 B Y'#, $ (#' '" 8$Z (, ' 6(= ( 6 V= 5 $"5 '#' Y'#$, ='5 4 ?4 3" A 3(69 "$3A$ ! 5 '4( B "$&$3. f? BA M( 54(3'6$4' ?E =(M3( 65(#' ' $&$ ! 6=$S . 2V "(6'&8'M"' 5=$6" 6$ !. h(5 ' '( ?(558E54(""'( =(5 4(" ( X$5 '4!" '6$ ' 3$4(""' "( 'V'3 "$ S$5 ! 3(6 W , ' '=$9, '=# 9 56' 8 (4'8, (=9( S(5 !. f? BA$ ?4 3" A$ &$ S (" (8 C69[(""'#' R 5$" 9 - S ' &$ 6&3'=! ^3(5! "( " $ 'B V 3'M(5 6(""' ' =$63$""'B 569& . g5 ! 4 W! 54 S$B"$9 569&!, $ 6 ='8$"$V M$5'6 5(" 8(" $4!"EV ='8$"$V. a ' " & '='?"EB 4 (=$ ="EB =Z , $ "( W(3(6= 6E5' 'B $ ("$?'M"'5 . Y'4(( '#', '58' = ( "$ ' 5 5 6 ( V 3'M(5 6(""'B 5'=$&8(="'5 . R=(5 4(" ( X$5'4!" '6$ ' 5$"' 6' 65(V #" 5"EV '3='?"'5 9V, $6 '= = 6'3 5 3(59 ' =$&4 S"EV (#' '?c95"(" B. j ' M( $5$( 59 C'" , 8E " =$& "( 6 3 8, $ '"$ &$" 8$( 59 56' 8 =(8(54'8. R(=(3 "$8 S"EB W $8 . \E 3'4M"E '6(= ! $6 '= "$ 54'6'. 7' "$5 '9[ B V 3'M" "( 3' 5 , S '?E (8 6(= 4 "$ 54'6'.
185
*** R'S(8 X$5 '4!" '6 ? 6$( ? R= S "$ S=(&6ES$B"' &$ $""$. g54 6(= ! '8 , S ' 3'6'4!"' ' 8 5 S"' V'S( 3' $&$ ! i'5 '(65 B, X$5 '4!" '6 ?E4 =(=$5"E8 8'4'3E8 S(4'6( '8, =(3$""E8, 5 '3"'B 5 '='"E, 5(8!(, 5 3= #'B - 6E5' 8 3($4$8, 5 '5'?"E8 5$8' 'M(= 6'6$" Z, 3'?=E8, 6(4 '3 W"E8, 5(=3"E8, '3"$ ' 54 W '8 8" (4!"E8 #'=3E8 - "$5 '4! ', S ' #' '6 ?E4 '4"'5 !Z &$8 " !59 6 5(?(, "( " M3$95! 6 $ V-4 ?' 5(=3(S"EV ' "'W(" 9V. a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i'5 '(65 '#', =$5 ='5 =$"(" ( 8$ (= $4 5 S(5 V 3(B "=$65 6(""' ' 5 'W$( S(4'6( $ 8'M( 53(4$ ! ? BA(B 3$M( '4'M (4!"'#' Z"'W , $ S ' '" 4(# ' 'B3( "$ =(5 4(" ( = "( 3$S"'8 5 (S(" '?5 '9 (4!5 6. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ b$W 5 5 ( 3( , ' '=E( =$&6 6$( X$5 '4!" '6 6 56'(B «5 $!(»: S(4'6(S(5 6' 5'5 ' & 36 V S$5 (B, '4 E 56(=VS(4'6( $, ?'4!W "5 6' 3'4M"' '6 "'6$ !59 5 $"'64(""E8 "=$65 6(""E8 &$ '"$8, "' '3 "'S $8, 65 $6W 8 "$3 '4 'B, 3'4M"$ ?E ! 3$"$ 56'?'3$ 5 $"$64 6$ ! 56' &$ '"E. C"$S$4$ X$5 '4!" '6 &$9649( ,
186
S ' 7!Z '" 3= # 8 6(4 8 S("E8 54(3'6$4' ?E = "(5 6 M(= 6 5' " S(4'6(S(5 V M &"(B, ' $M 5! N S(4'6(S(5 ( M &" '8(V'B "$ V ' =E 98. R'&M( '" 'S(8 - ' &$?E6$( '? N V ?4$#'3( (49V ='3$ S(4'6(S(5 '#', 5'5=(3' 'S 6 56'( 6" 8$" ( "$ 5'6(=W(""' "'8 3($4(. >5( (#' [(54$6"E( 5 =(84(" 9 5'5=(3' 'S("E "$ 7$ '4('"(, 6 ' '='8 '" 6 3 5 4!" Z 4 S"'5 !, =$69[ Z '4 'B, '58(6W Z « '3'?=$ !» 64$5 !, '4! ' M3 [ Z '#', ' « '58(( ». D$ "(&$8( "' =' 5V'3 5 $S' ' S(5 '4Z? 6'#' ?4$#'3( (49 S(4'6(S(5 6$ S(5 '4Z? 6'8 =$" 64$5 '4Z?A . R(=(8("$, 3'5 'B"$9 ?'4(( [$ (4!"'#' 5 V'4'# S(5 '#' $"$4 &$, S(8 8'# =(3 = "9 ! 6(S"' '=' 6W B59 i'5 '(65 B. g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f3$4'5! 4 i'5 '(65 '8 6" W ! ' 65(8 N '8 3'6(= (? C'8"(6$Z5!. R=(M3( 65(#', X$5 '4!" '6 - "(6=$5 (" , $ 5 $M(""'( 6'5 = 9 ( 4Z?'B b 4'5'b5 'B 3( "( 8'M( (( 3 5 =(3 ='6$ !. i'5 '(65 B 5 '=(( ?E =( 5 (4, 53(4$6 X$5 '4!" '6$ =( 8, =$6"'6(W(""E8, 5(=!(&"E8 Z"'W(B, 5? E8 5 '4 54 W '8 ? 6$4!"' '"9 E8 8$ (= $4 5 S(5 8 3(98 . 7' i'5 '(65 B =( =$5"' '" 8$4, S ' & N '#' " S(#' "( '4 S 59, S ' (54 ?E 3$M( '3'?"EB =$6"'6(W(""EB 8'4'3'B S(4'6( ='" 59 "(4(E8 3(98 , (=(3 ' '=E8 "( 5 '94$ 54$?$9 5 V $ X$5 '4!" '6$, &3'='6$9 S(4'6(S(5 $9 = ='3$ 3(=M$4$ ?E (#' ' 8EW4(""'#' ? B5 6$. 2?' ' "Z3! "( 54 S$B"'5 !, S ' 65( =(5 " i'5 '(65 '#'
187
(C8(=39 '6 6 «Y=$ !9V <$=$8$&'6EV», O(3! $ 6 «Y(5$V», X'#'M " 6 «23 ' (») "( 6 56'(8 8(. >. 7$?' '6 6ES(= " 4 54(3 Z[(( =(34'M(" (: «7( " S(#' 3 6 (4!"'#', S ' &$ =$6 4E "(3$6"' 56(=#" '#' "(8(A '#' =(M 8$, '5"'6$""'#' "$ ('= 56(=VS(4'6( $ (#' '5'?EV =$6, 'M( ?E4 4 "(6=$5 (" $8 , 4 '?E "'6(""E8 #'4'6" $8 , 4 (8 3= # 8 '3"'6=(8(""'». j 65 6 9 54$?'5 ! 56'(B '& A , i'5 '(65 B = 9# 6$( 65(6'&8'M"E( 8' 6E, S '?E '3 '4 " ! X$5 '4!" '6$ =' $5 =(5 "EV 5 W(" B, ' '=$9, $ 8E '?9&$"E 6(= !, =$&6(=&4$5! (=(3 " 8 5 $=$" 98 "(8(A 'B b 4'5'b . f" & (4!"$9 ?(3"'5 !, "( '4! ' (#' 5'?5 6(""$9, "' #'=9S' 4Z? 8'B 5(5 =E 8$ (= , #' '6"'5 ! 5(5 =E 5$8' 'M(= 6'6$" Z, " &'5 ! ?'M(5 6' "$8(S(""'B M(= 6E - $ '( '? 4 ( ' "EV = S " ' $&E6$( , S ' i'5 '(65 B 5$8 S 65 6'6$4 W$ '5 ! 56' V '& A B. <=' ' " 'S("! 'S"' &$8(4: «^$ &'?=$M(" (8 X$5 '4!" '6$ 9 S 65 6 Z 5$8'#' i'5 '(65 '#', ' '=EB E $( 59 =$&=(W ! 6' ='5: 8'# 4 ?E '" 5$8 4 S(4'6( 6='3( "(#' ?E ! 3'6(3(" 3' 5'6(=W(" 9 =(5 4(" 9, $ X$5 '4!" '6, $ ( 53(=M 6$Z[ ( 8' 6E 8'#4 ?E '8(W$ ! (8 , i'5 '(65 '8 , 5 $ ! ? BA(B. 7' 3(4' 6 '8, S ' $ ( 4Z3 "( ? 6$Z ». d
'4"'5 !Z '3 5E6$Z5! '3 6(=M3(" (8 <=' ' "$, S ' «...4Z3 6='3( 5 3(?"'#' 54(3'6$ (49 4 C6 3= #$B4'6$ = "$34(M$ '?4$5 ='8$" S(5 '#' &'?=( (" 9». d 'W(4 ?E 3$4!W( 3'?$6 4 " 8 C'"(S \$=8(4$3'6 . C'"9 6(3( 56'( =' 5V'M3(" ( ' (V ='8$" S(5 V #(=' "!, ' '=E8 "( ' 56'(B 6 "( = W4'5! M ! 6"( 5 $"'64(""EV '?[(5 6'8 =$8' "$ ' '=EV '?[(5 6' 6&6$4 4' 65( ?=(89 '&'=$ 5 =$3$" B, 569&$""EV 5 V '?=$&'8 M &" . a #(=' " " '#3$ "( (=(6'3 4 5! 6 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =( 5 (V '=, $ 6 1731 #. 3'?=EB $??$ R=(6' 6E6(4 V 6 '?=$&( \$"'" @(5 ' - #'=$&3' ?'4(( &E5 $""'8 ' '8 ?'4(( ='#$ (4!"'8. f i'5 '(65 '#' (8$ $3(" 9, " M(" 9 "( ' 3$( "$5 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$, 6 N '8 58E54( 5(5 =$ X$5 '4!" '6$ i "9, !9"$9 3(6'S $, 8(4! -
188
" 6W$9 "$ ? 4!6$=(, 3'?='3( (4!"$9 ='5 $ C'"9 - 65( '" 5(5 =E & (3 "'B 3'5 '(65 'B 5(8! &$4$8E6$Z[ V = #(=' "!. C =$5 "$9 ?(M3(""'5 ! i'5'(65 '#' 6 '8, S ' b & S(5 '( 5 =$3$" ( 58 =(" ( 5 =$649Z S(4'6(S(5 Z = ='3 , '=(" 59 6 (#' 4 S"'B =$#(3 : 3'4M"' ?E !, '" S 65 6'6$4, S ' M 6W B 6 "(8 56'?'3'4Z?(A, ? " $=!, "3 6 3 $4 5 &=93"' 5 W(6$459 &$ #'3E, ='6(3(""E( 6 C ? = , =$4 = ='3" Z "( '5=(35 6(""'5 !, "' '="' 5S $4, S ' 6(=" 459 ' 3$ « 5 =$64(""E8».
«
,» (1864)
a '6(5 ! 8'M"' ?E4' ?E 5S(5 ! ' 5$" (8 4 " S(5 '#' 54 S$9 5 96"E8 =$&"''?=$&"E8 5 8 '8$8 8$" =(54(3'6$" 9. \'B " (=(5 "(B '#=$" S(" 554(3'6$" (8 5 49. ^3(5! 9=S$BW 8 '?=$&'8 =(35 $64("E (8E i'5 '(65 '#', (#' 5 (=(' E " '"$A . a ' 6 " N55("A 9 3'5 '(6[ "E. <5 $ , '"$ 'S("! 3$S"' (=(6(3("$ "$ $"#4 B5 B 9&E :(=" . R(=6$9 S$5 ! 5'5 ' & 11 "(?'4!W V #4$6, 4 =$&3(4'6. > '=$9 S$5 ! 636'( 34 ""(( (=6'B 5'5 ' & 10 ?'4(( 34 ""EV #4$6, 5'3(=M$[ V =$&"E( =' 5W(5 6 9 3 $4'# . R(=6$9 S$5 ! =(35 $649( 5'?'B 8'"'4'#, "' 8'"'4'#, =(3 '4$#$Z[ B = 5 5 6 ( 6''?=$M$(8EV 54 W$ (4(B. 7$ =' 9M(" 65(B N 'B S$5 S(4'6( & '3 '4!9, =$55 $&S , '?=$[$( 59 ?4 (, '6 3 8'8 , 3'8'='[(""E8 b 4'5'b$8, S $ (498 #$&( , $ '" V "$&E6$( , «"'=8$4!"E8 4Z398». R=(3 '4$#$( 59, S ' N 6''?=$M$(8E( #'5 '3$ #4 89 59 "$3 " 8, $ '" 5 (W"' $= = ( V "$58(W &3(6$ (4!5 6$ 5 '8'[!Z 4'6 V 6(= ' , '" =$ $ ='S V V [=(" B, &8EW4(""EV (#' 9 '?E &$8(S$ (4!"E8 8'8. a $ 6''?=$M$(8$9 $ 3 '= 9 '35 (# 6$( (#' 5 (= S(5 '( 3'&"$" (, 3'&"$" ( ' 5'5 '9" (#' 5'?5 6(""'B 5 (=&$""'B 3 W . ^$8( ! (, S ' 6 =$55 $&( 3$Z 59 55E4 "$ M 6' =( ([ [ ( 5'?E 9 1860-V ##. 7' 569&! 5 " 8 58 "$9 349 =$&6 9 b$? 4E &"$S(" 9 "( 8(( . R'58' = (, $ '5 $( 6 N '8 54 S$( D'45 'B: 5''?[$9 S $ (498 6 "$S$4( «;""E <$=(" "'B», $ ( "'6'5 6E M 6$( C 6$ %?4'"5 B & =("" V #$&( , '" V$=$ (= & ( #(='9 '3"'6=(8(""' 5 =(4(5 "'B 5 '= S(5 'B 4 5(63' 5 '= S(5 'B 'S"'5 !Z $&E6$( "$
189
' =(3(4(""'( 6=(89 ='5 =$"5 6'. f i'5 '(65 '#' 68(5 ' V$=$ (="EV S(= 6=(8(" 6E5 $Z '?[ ( =$55 M3(" 9. 7$S "$( =$55 $&S 5 '#', S ' "$&E6$( 5(?9 #= ?E8, M(4S"E8, &4E8 S "'6" '8, &3(6$Z[ 859 "$3 ='5 (498 , = V'39[ 8 6 "( '"9 " Z '" '= , #3( '" 54 M . C3(4$6 N ' &$964(" (: «d ?E4 &4'B S "'6" », '" ' S$5 M( ' =( $( 59 ' "(#' #'6'= ([( ?'4(( 5 =$""': «d "( '4! ' &4E8, "' 3$M( " S(8 "( 5 8(4 53(4$ !59: " &4E8, " 3'?=E8, " '34(A'8, " S(5 "E8, " #(='(8, " "$5( '8E8». %" (W$( 5(?9 8E54!Z, S ' 8"EB S(4'6( « "( 8'M( 5(=!(&"' S(8" ? 3! 53(4$ !59, $ 3(4$( 59 S(8-" ? 3! '4! ' 3 =$ ». g8 5'=' 4( , '" M 6( 6 3=9""'B '8"$ (, 8(( " S 'M"EB S " , '4 S 6 "(?'4!W'( "$54(35 6', 6EW(4 6 ' 5 $6 , $ "E"( M(4$( '#'6'= ! ' 5(?(. ^3(5! 9 3'4M(" =(3 =(3 ! 6$5, S ' (=6$9 S$5 !, 11 '=' V #4$6, " (=(5"$ "( 5'3(=M$" (8, "' 5 4(8 &4'M(" 9. > 5 4( ' =$M$( 59 S(4'6( . a ' ' =$M(" ( i'5 '(65 B V'S( (=(3$ ! 6 8 "'8 ' ' ( = &"$" B, 6 V6$ $V M 8 $V "(6=$5 (" $, ' S$96W(#'59, '&4'?4(""'#' 3' M$5$ "(5S$5 "'#'. ^$ (8 65 $( (8$ S(4'6(S(5 '#' 5$8'5'&"$" 9 ("( 5'&"$" 9, "' 5$8'5'&"$" 9), '5'&"$" 9 5'?5 6(""EV S 65 6. j(8 ?'4!W( N ' '3 '4!"EB S(4'6( '" 8$( , S ' $ '( 3'?=' $, =$5' $ - "=$65 6(""$9 =$5' $, (8 ?'4!W( '" #=(W , (8 " M( ' 5 $( 59. <$ N ' S$5 ' ?E6$( 5 $ '#' ='3$ $6'=$8 , 8(Z[ 8 5''?[ ! 65(8 8 = , 65(8 #=(W" $8 "( Z 56(=V 3(Z, i'5 '(65 B "( 'S"9( , 6 S(8 &$ 4ZS$( 59 '='S"'5 ! (#' #(='9. 7$8 '5 $( 59 4 W! #$3$ !. R' 54'6$8 #(='9, '54( $M3'#' ' 6=$ (4!"'#' '5 $ '" '4&$( '?=$ "' 6 56'Z "'= ='3'4M$( =(3$6$ !59 "("$6 5 "'B 54$3'5 '=' $, #=E&(" 98 5'6(5 , "$V'39 3'6'4!5 6 ( 6 5'?5 6(""'8 " S 'M(5 6(, 58$ 9 56'( $3(" (. f '(" ( 5'?5 6(""E8 $3(" (8 - '3"$ & 4Z? 8EV (8 i'5 '(65 '#'. ^3(5!, $ 6' 65(V (#' 5'S "(" 9V, 5$ (4!5 '( 5 55 6' "( 3'5 #$( A(4 , '5 '4! $6 '= "( 'S"9( , S ' &$ #=(V '" 8(( 6 6 3 , $ 5 55 6' 3'4M"' 65(#3$ 65( 'S"9 !.
190
R='5 ' , #=(V = " 8$( 59 "$ 6(= . :=(V &3(5! - 4 (=$ ="$9 54'6"'5 !, 6='3( (V, S ' 5 '4!& Z $6 '=E 5(" 8(" $4!"EV #' S(5 V ='8$"'6, ' '=EV "$S $459 i'5 '(65 B. > 3$""'8 '6(5 6'6$" 5$8$ ' 64(S(""'5 ! (8E, ' 64(S(""'( '"9 ( #" 5"'#' '5 $ '54(3'6$6W(#' &$ " 8 $3(" 9 =(35 $64("E "( ?(& = S 34 6'B 5 4E, 6 8$"(=(, &'?=$M$Z[(B V$=$ (= S(4'6( $ & '3 '4!9. (R'6 '=9Z: 6$M(" 5$8 5 4! &4'M(" 9.) < '"A 2-B #4$6E 8E &"$(8, S ' S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 "$S$4 5$ ! 8(8 $=E, S '?E '6(3$ ! 8 = ' =$3'5 9V $3(" 9. C(?9 '" 5S $( S=(&6ES$B"' 5'&"$ (4!"E8. g#' '5'=?49( 5=(3"("'=8$4!"EB S(4'6( , 'B, "' "'=8$4!"EB. g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«% AE 3( ») &"$4, S(#' '" V'S( : =$&= W ! 5 $=EB '=93' , ' '=EB 5=(3 65(#' ='S(#' '569[$4 =$?5 6'. j(4'6( & '3 '4!9 ='5 '-"$ ='5 ' (=(S 549( 56' =( ("& =(& =$(8'8 8 8 = , ' '=EB '" 5$8 6E3 8$4, ? $b'=5 '8 8 = & $= '"$, $ ' "Z3! "( & $8"9. > 4-B #4$6( 5'3(=M 59 = &"$" (: (#' "$54$M3(" ( N ' "$54$M3(" ( S(4'6( $, 5 =$3$Z[(#' & ?"'B ?'4!Z '" 8$Z[(#', S ' 56' 8 5 '"$8 , 6'&8'M"' = 6'="E8 , '" "( 3$( 5" ! 65(B 5(8!(. >(5!8$ &'[=(""'( "$54$M3(" (. 7' #4$6"'(, #(='B 5$8 = &"$( 59 6 = 6'=5 6(. ; 6 5-B #4$6( 8E '?"$= M 6$(8, S ' S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 &$ '4"9( 56'Z M &"! 5 55 6(""E8 (=(M 6$" 98 , ?' "$5 '9[ V "(#' "( . Y'4(( '#', "(#' "( '5"'6E, "( 5V'3"'B 'S , ' '4 " 6W 5! ' ' '='B
191
'" 8'# ?E = "9 ! M &"!. %" [( ' =(3(4(" 9 349 5(?9, [( , $ 'B ?E 9=4E = 4( ! 5(?(, "$ = 8(= «4(" 9B» 4 « '" B &"$ ' 6 4$b (», [( 4Z?'B =ZS' , 4Z? Z &$A( . 7' &$S(8 '" [ 59 '3E5 $ ! 9=4E 349 5(?9, N '#' i'5 '(65 B "( ' =E6$( . j(4'6( , ' '='#' '" = 5 ( , ' ='5 8$"!9 , $ 'B- ' 4 ?' =( ("A '&"'5 . R'5=(35 6(""E( '3=$M$ (4 i'5 '(65 '#', $ b=$"A &5 B M ="$4 5 C$= =, ='3'4M$Z ' 5E6$ ! 6 '8 M( 3 V( ' 5(B 3("!. > "$S$4( 7-B #4$6E (5 ! V'='W B '?=$&S 5 49 i'5 '(65 '#' (?4(5 9[( (=(6(3(""EB :(=" ' '35 ='S" , 53(4$""'8 :$="( ). «7' 65w N ' &'4' E( 8(S E. %, 5 $M (, ' N ' (=6EB '?c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j ' M( 3(4$ ! 5 8 44 '"$8 b$ '6, 56 3( (4!5 6 Z[ V ' '8, $ 4Z3 &$&"$8', ' (5 ! 6 '4"( '" 8$9 56' "$5 '9[ ( 6E#'3E, ' 5 $6494 V "$ 6 '='B 4$" ?='5$4 5! "$ 3= # Z 3'='# , "$ = 5 , "$ $6'5!, " (8 " S(8 "( = " M3$(8E( '8 , $ $ ? 3 ' 8(""' '4! ' "( M(4$9 $&$""'B 3'='# , =98', 56'(6'4!"' ='? 6$4 3= # Z, = 3" Z, "(4( Z, ' E5 6$9 (( S ! "( 6 ' (8 $V. >(3!, &"$S , 8 3(B5 6 (4!"' N ' =985 6' 56'(6'4 ( ?E4' = 9 "(( 659 'B 6E#'3E...» 7$&'B4 6'( '6 '=(" ( 54'6 b=$&, " '"$A 9 '3(=M 8'#' "$69&S 6'B 3((B, 5 ' ='A(" "$9 ?$"$4!"'5 ! $M3'#' 54'6$, 3(W(6'( =$5"'=(S ( ' 4 S$Z 5 4! i'5 '(65 '#'.
192
> 'B M( 7-B #4$6( S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 ( 4 (#' 5'&3$(4!) '?= W 6$( 59 "$ "'6EB = # 3(B, 569&$""EV 5 '"9 (8 «6E#'3$». «; S ' (54 $ 54 S 59, - #'6'= '", - S ' S(4'6(S(5 $9 6E#'3$... 3'4M"$ 8(""' 6 '8 5'5 '9 !, S '? 6 "'8 54 S$( 5(?( V 3'#' 'M(4$ !, $ "( 6E#'3"'#'?» >5( N ' ?(5 '"(S"' =$5 4E6S$ '. X$3'5 ! $3(" 9 " M(" 9 '4 '8 "( '?c95"9Z 59, 'S"' $ M(, $ 6E#'3$ "(6E#'3"'#' '4'M(" 9. 7' A(4EB =93 "'6EV 3 W(6"EV &4'8'6 54EW 59 6 8 S (4!"EV = &"$" 9V, &$ '4" 6W V '54(3 Z[ ( 5 =$" AE. D$ 6 S(8 M( 65(- $ &$ 4ZS$( 59 5 9 $ "5 6(""$9 «6E#'3$»? R ?4 A 5 S(5 '( ' 5 4(" (, 6E3(=M$""'( 6 4 SW V =$3 A 9V (#' 5 49, 6"$S$4( '?4 S$( A 6 4 &$A Z, ' ' '='B «S(4'6( 5 $4 (54 "( ?'4(( ='6'M$3(", ' M(, "$6(="', V M(, #$M( ='6'M$3(", S(8 =(M3(». \E54! 5 $=$9, = "$34(M$[$9 ([( X 55'. j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b5 65( N ' S 5 (BW B 6&3'=, $ $ #$=8'" 9, 5S$5 !( 'M( =(3 '4$#$Z 6 4ZS$Z 6 5(?9 "$4 S ( = S 3E, $ = &$. 7' #(=' i'5 '(65 '#' 6E? =$Z S '-" ? 3! ?(& 8"'(, 3 ' 5 '( 4 $# ?"'( - =$&= W(" ( 58(= !, 4 W! ?E N ' ?E4 V 5'?5 6(""EB 6E?'=. a ', 8(M3 ='S 8, '3 " & 8' 6'6 =(5 4(" 9 X$5 '4!" '6$. > 9-B #4$6( S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 ='3'4M$( ' =$63E6$ !59. >"'6! 6'&" $( (8$ =$&= W(" 9. \'M( ?E !, #'6'= '", S(4'6( 4Z? =$&= W(" ( V$'5 ?'4!W( 5'& 3$" 9? \'M( ?E !, 659- ' A(4!, ' '='B S(4'6(S(5 6' 5 =(8 59, '4! ' &$ 4ZS$( 59 6 '3"'B N 'B
193
?(5 =(=E6"'5 ='A(55$ 36 M(" 9, $ "( 6 (( 3'5 M(" ? >(3! 8'M( ?E !, S(4'6( 4Z? "( '3"' ?4$#'3("5 6 (. «C =$3$" ( - 3$ 6(3! N ' (3 "5 6(""$9 = S "$ 5'&"$" 9». \'M( ?E !, 8E 6 (=6E( '5'&"$(8 5(?9 4Z3!8 , 4 W! 'S 65 6'6$6 ?'4!. e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c95"9 (#' 5 V'4'# Z. 23( 8' =EB 5"(#. %" 6 3 59 (8 M(4 E8, S ' 5 '=(( 65(#' 5 86'4, $ "( ' S(5 B '?8$". \"( 3 8$( 59, '" 8(( 6 6 3 ='5 ' #=9&"EB 5"(#, 5 4EB, $ '" 4Z? '6 '=9 !. >$M"' ' 8( ! '3" 3($4!: ' 5$" 9 '" "$3(( 59 '4 S ! '?4(#S(" (. 7$ N '8 '?=E6$( 59 (=6$9 S$5 !, ' '=$9, $ 9 M( #'6'= 4, 6$M"$ 56' 8 5 4(8, $ "( =(38( '8 &4'M(" 9. R'S(8 6 '=$9 S$5 ! "$&E6$( 59 «R' '6'3 8' ='#' 5"(#$», 8'M"' '"9 ! 4 W! 6 56( ( M ="$4!"'B '4(8 1860 #., ' '= Z 6(4 5$ (4 , 4Z? 6W ( 5 86'4E, $44Z& 65( 6 $ '8 ='3(. YE ! 8'M( , N ' - 5 86'4 S 5 ' E, 5 $6W(B 5E='B 5 4'B. a #=$b, 5'3(=M$[ B '" B "$8( , 6&9 & 4 = S(5 '#' 5 V' 6'=(" 9 5'6=(8("" $ i'5 '(65 '#' - 7( =$5'6$. C'?E 9, ' '=E( 5'? =$( 59 ' 5$ ! "$W S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 6' 6 '='B S$5 , ' "'59 59 1840-8 ##. > ' 6=(89 '" ?E4 $ M( 8=$S(", $ ( (=!, "("$6 3(4 56' V 5'54 M 6A(6 $ M(, $ "("$6 3 V "E"(. %" $4 "("$6 5 ! 3$M( 5$8'8 5(?(. %" 65 '8 "$( ' 5$8' " S M(" . 7(&$6 5 8' ' '#', =(& =$4 '" S(4'6( $ 4 "( , '" ' 5 $4 (=(3 " 8 #4$&$. «d 3$M( ' E E 3(4$4: 5 (= 4Z 4 9 6ǭ 6' V' ! $ '#'- ' "$
194
5(?(, 65(#3$ ' 5 $4 9 (=6EB». a ' 3'6'3 4' (#' 3' ?(W("5 6$. %" = &"$( 59 6 = 5'5 , "' 6(=M3$( , S ' 4Z?'B '=93'S"EB S(4'6( 6 "$W( 6=(89 3'4M(" ?E ! = 5'8. > $ '( 6=(89? > 1840-( 4 6 1860-( ##.? 25 '= S(5 , '4 S(5 , 5'A $4!"' - N ' 36( "( 'V'M ( N 'V . 1844 #. - (= '3 =($ A , =$&# 4$ 3(5 ' &8$. 1864-B, '#3$ 5$4 5! N &$ 5 , - 6=(89 (=(8(", ='56([(" 9, 6(4 V =(b'=8. 7' 8 = i'5 '(65 '#', "(58' =9 "$ = 8( E 6=(8(" , - 5(=EB 8 = 3 W(6"'?'4!"EV, #3( " S(#' "( 8("9( 59, ='8(, ?E ! 8'M( , ' ='9 6'(""'#' 8 "3 =$ - '" =( "$9 3( $4!, "('M 3$""' ='8(4! " 6W$9 6 ( 5 (. 7(5 '4! ' 5 =$" A '569[("E (8, '#' "$W S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 "$&E6$( ='8$" $8 . C'6=(8(""EB S $ (4! "( 8'M( '"9 ! '3 ( 5 $, "( 6" " 6 6 #$&( " Z '4(8 50-V 60-V ##. ='W4'#' 6( $. i'5 '(65 B S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 96"' 8(Z 6 6 3 «4M( 3($4 5 '6», ' (5 ! 4Z3(B, ' '=EV M$M3$ 3'?=$ =$5' E =( =$5"' M 6$( 59 5 $=!(= &8'8 5 =(84(" (8 8$ (= $4!"E8 ?4$#$8. (C4$69"'b 4E '?6 "94 &$ $3" '6 6 ' 4'"(" 3'4$8, $ "( 3($4$8.) >5( N ' &4'M("' 3'5 $ 'S"' $""' 8$""', "$8 " S(8 '#= M$ !59 6 N ' 8$". \E &"$(8, S ' S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 =$3 'B, 6 '3 "'S "'S!Z =(3$( 59 «=$&6=$ », 349 S(#' «V'3 ' 659 8 (8"E8 8(5 $8». (<$ "( 65 '8" ! C("-R=(, #'5 '3 "$ & ='8$"$ X 55' «•4 9», ' '=EB 'S"' $ M( &$ =$459 6 3$4!"(B '8"$ ( 6 3'8( #=(V$, #3( '" =(3$6$459 6'&4 9" 98 ?(4'#' 6 "$, 5S $9 (#' 6'3'B, $ &$ (8 ' $&E6$459 6 '?c9 9V une crature [ $3W(#' 5'&3$" 9 (b=$"A.). R= 8. (=(6.], $ '" 6E=$M$459. D$ ' 5E6$4 #=(V 6 5(" 8(" $4!"EV ='8$"$V.) D(8$ « ' '#' (=(#493 » '4 S$( "'6EB '6'=' , 58("995! (8'B « ' '#' ' V"( ». 7$W(#' '3 '4!"'#' M (49 - N ' 4Z#$6'(, [(3 W"'( 5 [(5 6' - ' $46$( ='V'M B, 6'(""EB 6E5' '#' ='5 $. j(4'6( & '3 '4!9 ' 3(4' 65 =(S$( (#' "$ 7(65 '8 ='5 ( ( ( $ "$&E6$( 59 #4$6"$9 4 A$ 6 R( (=? =#() 659 B =$& 49"( 59 5(?(, S ' "( 56(="( 5 3'='# , 659 B =$& 56'=$S 6$( , 3$6$9 # #$" -'b A(= #'=3' ='W(5 6'6$ ! 8 8'. 7' '3"$M3E S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 "$=9M$( 59
195
$ "$ 3 N4! 4 "$ 'V'='"E 5 =( ( '8 5(=3(S"E8 6(=3' =(W$( "( 5 $ ! (8 3'='# . D'#3$ 'b A(= ' W6E= 6$( (#', $ =(& "'6EB 89S . %" 3(4$( ([( '3" ' E =(#=$3 ! (8 !, (8 3$( 59 5'V=$" ! =$6"'6(5 ( - '" =(& ' 5 $4 6$Z 59 4(S'8 4(S ='V'39 3= # 8 8' 3= #$ «5'6(=W(""' "$ =$6"'B "'#(». j(4'6( & '3 '4!9 6 6'5 '=#(. %" 3'5 # 56'(#' (3 "5 6(""'#' = 8b$! 2-9 #4$6$ ' =E6$( 59 =$55 $&'8 ' (#' 5$ = S(5 V #=(&$V, 4 W! ' '8 "$S "$( 59 3(B5 6 (. >8(5 ( 5 (=6'B S$5 !Z ='4'# &$" 8$( 40 5 =$" A ( 5 $ (6 (=(6'3( :(=" ). 7$W #(='B "$6([$( 5 $='#' W '4!"'#' = 9 (49 C 8'"'6$. C 8'"'6 36$ (#' 3= #$ 5'? =$Z 59 5 =' ! ='[$4!"EB '?(3 6 S(5 ! V S( 6(= '#' 3= #$ ^6(= '6$, ([( '3"'#' 6'(""'#' 6 N 'B '6(5 . «\'5!( ^6(= '6 ?E4 65( 6=(89 8' 8 W '4!"E8 '6$= [(8, - #'6'= S(4'6( & '3 '4!9. - d '5'?(""' 5 $4 (#' "("$6 3( ! 5 6E5W V 4$55'6. > " &W V 4$55$V '" ?E4 '4! ' V'='W("! B, =(&6EB 8$4!S , ' '='#' 65( 4Z? 4 . <...> fS 459 '" 65(#3$ '5 '9""' 4'V' S(8 3$4!W(, (8 V M(; '3"$ ' M 6EW(4 & W '4E 3$S"', ' '8 S ' 8(4 ' ='6 (4!5 6'. > '54(3" B #'3 (#' 6 "$W(B W '4( (8 3'5 $4'5! "$54(35 6', 36(5 3 W, $ $ $ "$5 65( 'S ?E4 ?(3"E(, ' '" 3$M( (=(3 "$8 5 $4 b$"b$='" !. a ' ?E4 'W49 6 6E5W(B 5 ((" , "', '3"$ ' M, 3'?=EB 8$4EB, 3$M( '#3$, '#3$ b$"b$='" 4. f "$5 M(, "(58' =9 "$ "$= M"E(, b$" $5 S(5 ( b=$&(=5 ( b'=8E S(5 #'"'=$, 65(, ='8( 'S("! "(8"'# V, 3$M( 6 6$4 5! (=(3 ^6(= '6E8, S(8 ?'4(( '" b$"b$='" 4. 2 "( & 6E#'3E $ 'B" ? 3! 6 6$4 5!, $ $ , &-&$ '#', S ' '" b$6'= & ='6$""EB 3$=$8 = ='3E S(4'6( . R= '8 M( $ - ' = "9 ' ?E4' "$5 5S $ ! ^6(= '6$ 5 (A $4 5 '8 ' S$5 4'6 '5 V'='W V 8$"(=. R'54(3"(( 8("9 '5'?(""' ?(5 4'. d "("$6 3(4 =(& B, "( 5'8"(6$Z[ B59 6 5(?( &6 (#' #'4'5$, '?'M$" ( 5'?5 6(""EV 56' V '5 =' , ' '=E( "(#' 6EV'3 4 M$5"' #4 E, V' 9 '" ?E4 58(4 "$ 9&E ; 9 "("$6 3(4 (#' =$5 6'(, "' #4 ("! '( 4 A' ("$ ' '='( 9 ?E, 6 ='S(8, ='8("94 5 'V' 'Z 56'( 8"'() =$&69&"'-'b A(=5 ( = (8E 5'=' '6EV #'3'6».
196
i= #'B W '4!"EB = 9 (4! 5 '8(3 B"E8 8("(8 O(=b S " - 6 4!#$="EB, S6$"4 6EB 5 ?c( "(8(A '#' =' 5V'M3(" 9. (7 M"' 5 $&$ !, S ' i'5 '(65 B 5 EE6$4 5'6(=W(""' $ '4'# S(5 Z "("$6 5 ! "(8A$8, '49 $8 (6=(98, S ' 6 3"' & (#' 5'S "(" B.) D=( B ?E6W B '3"' 4$55" , ([( '3 " 'b A(=5 B S ", D= 3'4Z?'6. 2 &3(5!, 6 3= # V =' &6(3(" 9V i'5 '(65 B 654(3 &$ =$3 A (B 18 6. 3$( 56' 8 #(='98 #'6'=9[ ( b$8 4 . 7$W S(4'6( & '3 '4!9, 4Z? 6W B, $ 8E &"$(8, "$=E6$ !59 "$ '5 '=?4(" 9, =$W 6$( , S '?E (#' = #4$5 4 "$ '?(3. « - D$ , ='(, 5 ^6(= '6E8 S( 6(=', 36$3A$ ! '3 " = ?4! 6 Htôel de Paris &$6 =$ 6 9 ! S$5'6, - ' '"S$ (4!"' &$ 4ZS 4 C 8'"'6, ' '='#' 6E?=$4 =$5 '=93 (4(8. - <$ M( 36$3A$ ! '3 "? - 5 $&$4 9 6 "( ' '='8 6'4"(" , 3$M(, '-6 3 8'8 , '? 3(6W 5!, - (54 5S $ ! 5' 8"'B, $ ? 3( "( 36$3A$ ! '3 ", $ 36$3A$ ! 6'5(8! = ?4(B. \"( ' $&$4'5!, S ' 63= # $ "('M 3$""' =(34'M ! 5(?9 ? 3( 3$M( 'S("! =$5 6', '" 65( ? 3 =$&'8 '?(M3("E '58' =9 "$ 8("9 5 6$M(" (8. - X$&6( 6E 'M( V' (? - 5 "( 3'6'4!5 6 (8 &$8( 4 C 8'"'6, $ - ' &?(#$9 #493( ! "$ 8("9. %" &"$4 8("9 "$ & 5 !. \("9 6&?(5 4', S ' '" &"$( 8("9 "$ & 5 !. - R'S(8 M(-5? d 6(3!, $M( 59, 'M( '6$= [, , = &"$Z5!, 8"( 3$M( '? 3"', S ' 8("9 '?'W4 , - &$ 4' '$4 ?E4' 9 ' 9 !. - ; #3( 6$5 ?E4' 5 $ !? - #= ?' 669&$459 O(=b S
".
- >E 65(#3$ ?E4 "( 6 4$3$V 5 ^6(= '6E8, - = ?$6 4 D= 3'4Z?'6 "$V8 = 6W 5!. 7' 9 M V6$ 459 "( 6E5 $4. - \"( $M( 59, '? N '8 " ' "( 6 =$6( 5 3 !, - 6'&=$& 4 9 5 3='M!Z 6 #'4'5(, 'S"' Y'# &"$( S ' 54 S 4'5!. - 28(""' ' '8 - ' 9, 8'M( ?E !, ( (=! V'S , S ' =(M3( ?E4 "( 6 4$3$V.
197
- 7 , ' 6$5 3'4Z?'6.
'B8( ... 6'&6EW(""'5
- >$5 &$ W , - =(W 4, '?=$[$95! 9 ! S$5'6, 6 Hotel de Paris...»
- 'N
... - 58(V" 459 D= -
' 8"(, C 8'"'6, - &$6 =$ 6
> "'S! S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 5" 4 5! ?(&'?=$&"E( 5"E ' (#' W '4!"EV #'3$V; 6 ='S(8, 5(#'3"9 $ '#' ='3$ 5"E - '?[(( 8(5 ' 4Z?'#' 5 V'$"$4 &$. 7$ 54(3 Z[(( =' '" [$ (4!"' "$S 5 4 ?' " , =(36$= (4!"' ' 8E E( 54 #'B ; '44'"'8. \' =EB 5"(# 6$4 4 V4' !98 . C"'6$ 5 86'4. R= (V$6 6 =(5 '=$", '" &"$( , S ' (#' = 9 (4 (=("(54 '?(3 5 9 "$ W(5 ! S$5'6, " ' "( '&$?' 459 &6(5 ! (#'. C N '#' "$S "$( 59 5 '= 9 (#' " M(" B. R= (&M$Z = W '4!"EV '6$= [$ 68(5 ( 5' ^6(= '6E8. 2 3$4(( 54(3 ( '3"$ & 4 SW V 5A(" i'5 '(65 '#'. %" '?4$3$4 &$8(S$ (4!"E8 S 65 6'8 58(W"'#', 6(="((, =$# '8 S(5 '#', (#' 8'M"' "$&6$ ! 5 4ZS (4!"' $4$" 4 6E8 Z8'= 5 '8, "' Z8'= "(#' 65( 6=(89 "$ #=$" 5 (= , 4Z3 ?'4!"' =$"9 3= # 3= #$ 6 ? ="'8 '?8("( '5 '=?4(" 98 . D S"' i'5 '(65 B 5 $"3$4 "$S "$( 59 54(3 Z[ 8 '?=$&'8: « - C $-$-$M (, 6E... 6 3( $= $8(" (? - ='3'4M$4 &$" 8$ !59 8"'Z ^6(= '6. > 39, S ' 9 5 '"b M(", '" 5(=!(&"' 6''?=$& 4, S ' 8("9 "$3' '?4$5 $ ! , $ 5 $&$ !, '?'3= !. «j ' M '", V'S( , S ' 4 , S '? 9 6 "(#' ? E4 'B 5 4», - '3 8$4 9 6 ?(W("5 6(. X$&3=$M$459 9, 5 "( = 6ES , $ - ' "((5 (5 6(""' 5 '='. - > ...B $"A(49=
, - ' 6(
4 9 ' =E6 5 ', #4939 6 $=(4
- 2... 66$8 66E#'3"'? C $-$M =(M"ZZ 54 M? ?
(, S ' 6$5
.
$$" 3 4' '5 $6
!
- D' $-$-$" 3 4', S ' &$V' (4'5! '5 $6 ! =(M"ZZ 54 M? , - =' 9" 4 9 6 ='( ?'4!W(, M( 'S "( 64$3(9 5'?'Z. O(=b S " bE= " 4. C 8'"'6 ='" S(5 '58' =(4 "$ 8("9; D= 3'4Z?'6 '5 $"'6 459 (5 ! 5 $4 8("9 =$558$ = 6$ ! 5 4Z?' E 5 6'8. ^6(= '6$
' '='? 4', "' '" "( V' (4 &$8(
!.
- 7 - - , $ $ 6$W( 5'3(=M$" (?
198
- <$ '( N ' 5'3(=M$" (? - D' (5 ! M-M$4'6$"!(? - i$ S ' 6E 8("9 N &$8(" ( (! > ='S(8, 9
M(
"$&6$4, 5 '4! ' '4 S$Z M$4'6$"!9.
d M$5"' =$5"(4. - 7(?'#$ ', - 6$M"' &$8(
4 ^6(= '6.
- i$-5, "(4!&9 6 $b(-=(5 '=$"$V '?(3$ !! - "$#4' = ?$6 4 O(=b S ". - R'-8'(8 , $ ?'6.
3$M(
='5 ' ?(3"', - 5(=!(&"' &$8(
4 D= 3'4Z-
- 2 $ 6E 'V 3(4 , $ (=(8(" 4 5!... 5 (V '=... = ?$6 4 ^6(= '6, M( "( ?(& 93 , 5 $ 8- ' "$V$4!"E8 5'M$4(" (8, =$558$ = 6$9 8("9 8'B '5 Z8. - i$ '4"' '"b &
!- ', - V V
$9, 65 =
" 4 O(=b S
".
- \ 4'5 6EB #'5 3$=!, &"$B (, S ' 9 "( '"b M 5!, ='=6$459 9, "$ '"(A, - 54EW (-5! d '?(3$Z &3(5!, «6 $b(-=(5 '=$"(», "$ 56' 3("!# , "$ 56' , $ "( "$ S M (, &$8( ! ( N ', monsieur O(=b S ". - <$-$ ! ' M N ' &3(5! "( "$ 56' '?(3$( ? >E $ ? 3'... - 6A( 459 O(=b S ", ' =$5"(6, $ =$ , 5 '5(=6("(" (8 58' =9 8"( 6 #4$&$. - D$-$ , - ' 6(S$4 9, S 65 6 9, S ' 3$4( ' &$W(4, '4$#$Z, S ' 4 SW( ?E "$8 &$"9 !59 =$&#'6'='8 ' 8"(B. - >E, $M( 59, "$8(=(6$( (5! 6$W 8
' $&E6$ !?
- 7( ?(5 ' 'B (5!, N ' ?E4' ?E 5'6(=W(""' &3(5! 4 W"((.
- i$ 6E N ' S ', 5 3$=! 6E 8'B, =$5 3$V $4 5! - $? 6E "( 5 8$ 4 M 5 9 4 , 6 6$W(8 4( $= $8(" (? - i'6'4!"', #'5 '3$, 3'6'4!"'! - &$ = S$4 65(64$5 "' ^6(= '6. - <$ N ' #4
'! -
='6'=S$4 C 8'"'6.
199
- i(B5 6 (4!"' #4 ', 8E 5'?=$4 5! 6 3= M(5 'B '8$" , S '? ='6'3 ! 6 6'9M 3'?='#' = 9 (49, $ 6E 5S $( (5!, - &$#'6'= 4 D= 3'4Z?'6, #= ?' '?=$[$95! ' 8"( '3"'8 . - >E "$8 5$8 6S(=$ "$ ='5 4 5!, "( =$55 =$ 6$B ( M( '?[(B #$=8'" ... <...> >5( 8("9 ?='5 4 ,
9 5 3(4 =$&3$64(""EB
" S 'M(""EB.
«:'5 '3 , 8'( 4 N ' '?[(5 6'! - 3 8$4 9. - 2 $ 8 3 =$ '8 9 6E5 $6 4 5(?9 5$8 (=(3 " 8 ... i$ S(#' ! C(BS$5 M(, 5 Z 8 " 65 $ ! &-&$ 5 '4$, 6&9 ! W49 ='5 ' B , "( #'6'=9 " 54'6$... 2& =(&=("!9! ; &$6 =$ V' ! "$ 3 N4!. R'34(AE. >(3! "( 5(8 M( = ?4(B 8"( M$4( !. R'M$4 B, '3 8$Z ... j(= 6'&!8 ! 7( M$4! 8"( 5(8 = ?4(B! C Z 8 " V'M !..» X$& 8(( 59, 9 '5 $459.
d 4 5 #'=9 4$b V(=(5 5 $ $"$8 . C "( = 6ES ?E5 =' V8(4(4, $ 5 V8(4(8 ='54$ 3'5$3$. \"( 63= # &$V' (4'5! '5 '=? ! V 65(V 5$8E8 3(=& 8 '?=$&'8 ' '8 M B . f4 S ! 8 " ' $&$ ! 5(?9 5 ! M( 5 $M : V' ! 58(W'", 3$ 8("... ... ... '3" 8 54'6'8, S(= 5 " 8 ! ... - :'5 '3 " '= S ^6(= '6, - "$S$4 9, - &"$B (, S ' 9 "("$6 M b=$& , b=$&(='6 $4! 5 (=(V6$ $8 ... a ' (=6EB " , $ &$ 5 8 '54(3 ( 6 '='B. >5( 5 4!"' 'W(6(4 4 5!. - > '='B " : "("$6 M "' 4 ?" S" '6!
4 ?" S
4 ?" S"
'6. 2 '5'?("-
- D=( B " : 4Z?4Z =$63 , 5 =(""'5 ! S(5 "'5 !, - ='3'4M$4 9 'S 8$W "$4!"', ' '8 S ' 5$8 "$S "$4 M 4(3("( ! ' M$5$, "( '" 8$9, $ N ' 9 $ #'6'=Z... - d 4Z?4Z 8E54!, 85!( ^6(= '6; 9 4Z?4Z "$5 '9[(( '6$= [(5 6', "$ =$6"'B "'#(, $ "(... #8... d 4Z?4Z... ; 6 ='S(8, ' S(#' M? 2 9 6E !Z &$ 6$W( &3'='6!(, 85!( ^6(= '6. R=(4![$B ( S(= (W("' , 5 =(49B( 6=$#'6 ' (S(5 6$ ... ... ^$ 6$W( &3'='6!(, 85!( ^6(= '6! ^6(= '6 65 $4 5' 5
4$, ' 4'" 459 8"(
5 $&$4:
200
- %S("! 6$8 ?4$#'3$=(". %" ?E4 M$5"' '? M("
3$M( '?4(3"(4.
- j(= 6'&!8 , - &$=(6(4 D= 3'4Z?'6, 3$= 6 ' 5 '4 - 7( -5, &$ N ' ' ='M( ?!Z ! - 6&6 &#" 4 O(=b S - >E#"$ ! (#' "$3'! -
4$ '8.
".
='6'=S$4 C 8'"'6.
- 7 54'6$, #'5 '3$, " M(5 $! - '=M(5 6(""' = " 4 ^6(= '6, '5 $"$64 6$9 '?[(( "(#'3'6$"!(. - Y4$#'3$=Z 6$5 65(V, "' 9 5$8 5 8(Z 3' $&$ ! (8 , "$5 '4! ' A("Z (#' 54'6$. - :'5 '3 " O(=b S ", &$6 =$ M( 6E 8"( 3$3 ( 3'64( 6'=("!( &$ 6$W 5(BS$W" ( 54'6$! - #='8 ' 5 $&$4 9, 6$M"' '?=$[$95! O(=b S " . - D' (5 ! 3 N4!-5? 2&6'4! (, - ' 6(S$4 ' , "', 6(="', 9 ?E4 $ 58(W'", 6E&E6$9, $ N ' "( W4' 8'(B b # =(, S ' 65(, $ &$ 65(8 O(=b S ", $ 4(#4 5' 58(V . - i$, '"(S"', ?='5 ! (#'! >(3! 5'65(8 ='#'6'= 4 D= 3'4Z?'6.
M
!9"! - 5 '8(=&(" (8
...d ?E4 3' '#' &8 S(", 3' '#' &4'8$", S ' V' ! &$=(&$ !59, $ ' '"S !! f 8("9 ?E4$ 4 V'=$3 $; 58'S(""E( ' '8 6'4'5E = 5'V4 ' 4? 6 5 $8. - ^6(= '6! 9 ='W 6$5 ='[("!9, - 5 $&$4 9 =(& ' =(W (4!"', - O(=b S ", 6$5 'M(, 65(V, 65(V, 9 '? 3(4 65(V! - ;#$! 3 N4!- ' "( 56'B ?=$ ! - 93'6
' ='W
(4 O(=b S
".
- 7( , 9 "( 3 N4 ?'Z5!, O(=b S "! d #' '6 5 6$8 M( &$6 =$ 3=$ !59, M( '54( = 8 =(" 9. d 3$M( "$5 $ 6$Z "$ N '8, 6E "( 8'M( ( 8"( ' $&$ !. d V'S 3' $&$ ! 6$8, S ' 9 "( ?'Z5! 3 N4 . >E ? 3( ( 5 =(49 ! (=6EB, $ 9 6E5 =(4Z "$ 6'&3 V. ...>5( '"
?E4
=$5"E(; #4$&$
65(V ?4 5 $4 : 8"'#'
4 .
- d ='W 6$W(B 3= M?E, ^6(= '6, 9 6$5 '? 3(4, "'...
201
- %? 3(4 ? >-6E! \ -"9! ^"$B (, 8 4'5 6EB #'5 3$=!, S ' 6E " '#3$ " = $ V '?5 '9 (4!5 6$V "( 8'M( ( 8("9 '? 3( !! - 2 3'6'4!"' 5 6$5, ='S!! - 5 =(
4 D= 3'4Z?'6. <...>
d 5 '94 ' 4(6$""EB. >$ $#$ W 8"' 6EV'3 4$ & '8"$E, D= 3'4Z?'6 &$ 9" 4 $ Z- ' #4 Z (5"Z. <...> Y(5 '=93' , '?c(3 , =$&? $9 =Z8 $ "$ '4 , ='4 '( 6 "', ' = $ ='5, V8(4! ?=(3 6 #'4'6(, 8 S (4!"$9 '5 $ 6 5(=3A( , "$ '"(A, 4$ (B, 65( 6 3(6W B 65( 54EW$6W B 4Z?' E "' &$#493E6$6W B 8"( 6 #4$&$. - D 3$! - 65 = " 4 9. - 24 '" 65( "$ '4("$V, '?" 8$9 "'# 8' , ? 3 6E8$4 6$ ! 8'(B 3= M?E, 4 ... 4 9 3$8 ^6(= '6 '[(S " !» R'54( ' 4 S"(BW(B 4-B #4$6E 6&6 "S(""'5 !, 9&64(""'( 5$8'4Z? ( S(4'6( $ & '3 '4!9 "$S "$Z = (3$ !59, $ @ &$, 8'4'3$9 M("[ "$ & X # , 6"'5 = 65 b$4!W . R(=(3 "$8 65( $ M( #(=' "9 5(" 8("$4!"'#' ='8$"$, ?4$#'='3"$9 ='5 $ 5 6'&6EW(""E8 5(=3A(8, ([( '3 " 4 (=$ ="EB 8$"( (". j '?E ' 6(5 3 W , "$W S(4'6( & '3 '4!9 "$S "$( #'6'= ! '4 '5 5 =$[$ ! ='3" Z 3 W , ?(3" Z @ & 5(5 = C'" \$=8(4$3'6'B. \"'#'54'6"E( 'S("! 4'5 ( =$&#'6'=E 8(M3 " 8 5 ' 3'S $ ! 3' '"A$. YE ! 8'M( , '8 - ' '" = 3 59 ' 6 5 . R'3 '"(A #4$6"EB #(='B &=( $( 54(3 Z[ Z 5 " : " M(" 9 '5 '=?4(" 9 'S 5 9 6'&6E59 @ & "$3 "("$6 5 !Z. >'&6EW(""E( 5 =$3$" 9, 6'&8'M"', 4 SW(, S(8 3(W(6'( 5S$5 !(. >' 65(.
«
» (1868)
> «23 ' (» 3(B5 6 ( '4'M (4!"EB #(='B i'5 '(65 '#'. a ' - "9&! \EW ", "$3(4(""EB 3'?=' 'B 65(='[(" (8, $ 8 '?4$3$4 '3 " 4 W! e= 5 '5. \EW" 56(=Vc(5 (5 6(""' S 65 6 (4(": '" S 65 6 ( 65(, S ' =' 5V'3 5 3= # 8 4Z3!8 , 3$M( (54 V =$&3(-
202
49Z '#='8"E( =$55 '9" 9. D$ '6$ (#' 3 V'6"$9 8 3='5 !, '" 8$" ( 5'5 =$3$" ( S M 8 #'=(5 98. <"9&! \EW " - 5$8$ S 5 ' $, 5 =(""'5 !, ' ='6(""'5 !, S ' "( &?(M"' = 6'3 (#' 5 '4 "'6(" 98 5 6"(W" 8 8 ='8, "$5 6'&! 54'6"E8 5 55 6(""E8. g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«5 8$5W(3W$9» 6 V'='W(8 58E54(, ' i'5 '(65 '8 ('" 96"' =(3 'S $( 5 8$5W(3W V 4Z398 "'=8$4!"E8). 2"E8 54'6$8 , N ' 4 S"'5 ! « [ [$9», '3 V'6'=(""$9. <"9&! \EW " 3' "( ' '='B 5 ( (" (( 8$ ! - (3 "5 6(""E( 4Z3 , ' '=E( '" 8$Z ((, "' (54 ='5 '3 W"$9 8$ ! 4 W! '?(5 ' '("$ (( "( 'V'M(5 !Z, ' \EW " S 65 6 ( (( 89 [ Z59 3 W . %" M$M3( 5 $5 ((, ' =E6 (=(3 "(B =$6 4!"EB !, 5'#4$W$( 59 M(" !59 "$ "(B. D 65( '54'M"9( 59: 6 ='8$"( 3(B5 6 ( 3(8'" S(5 $9, #'=3$9, '='S"$9, 5'?4$&" (4!"$9, $ "5 6(""$9, 6'5-
203
V (4!"$9 , "(58' =9 "$ 56'( $3(" (, "( '3 "' S 5 $9 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$, '3"$ & (V "(6'&8'M"EV, 6E3 8$""EV, =$&3=$M$Z[ V #(=' "!, ' '=E8 (5 =9 =' &6(3(" 9 i'5 '(65 '#'. >5( S 65 6$ N 'B "( '5 M 8'B M("[ "E 6E=$M$Z 59 6 =(6'5V'3"'B 5 ( (" : 3'?=' $, #=(V'6"'5 ! (( ?(5 =(3(4!"E. %"$ '?8$" $ 5 $=E8 =$&6=$ " '8, ' '=EB, 53(4$6 (( 56'(B 4Z?'6" A(B ='M 6 5 "(Z "(5 '4! ' 4( , ( (=! M(" 59 "$ '=93'S"'B M("[ "(. j '?E &?$6 !59 ' "((, '" ?(& 4 W" V '4(?$" B =(W$( 6E3$ ! 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" &$8 M &$ 56'(#' 5( =( $=9. >5(, ' ' = M$( 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" , &"$Z , S ' 6 3 W( N ' '=93'S"$9 M("[ "$, 6 (( 36 58E54(""'8 '4'M(" '6 "(" 4Z?'6" . a ' "( 8(W$( M(" V , 5 $ #'6'=9, 5 =$5 "' 6 "(( 64Z?4(""'8 , 5S $ ! (( $3W(B M("[ "'B, $ 5(8!9 ;#4$ ='5 ' 6 W' ( ' '#', S ' ;#4$9 &$69&$4$ $B"E( ' "'W(" 9 5 7$5 $5!(B O 4 '6"'B. i$ 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" N ' "( 5 $5$( ' =(&=(" 9 5$8'B 5(?( &$ 56'( « $3(" (», '"$ =(W$( 59 5 $ ! "$5 '9[(B «5'3(=M$" 'B». %3 " "9&! \EW", $ e= 5 '5, " 6 S(8 "( 6 " ((, '4"EB #4 ?' '#' 6'5V [(" 9 6$M(" 9. (>"'6! &6 S 5 =E $9 $=$44(4! 5 '= e= 5 $ \$= \$#3$4 "E.) ^3(5! 8(5 "' ?E4' ?E ='A ='6$ ! ([( '3"' 'S"(BW(( &$8(S$" ( \ =5 '#': «g#' V= 5 $"5 6'... 'S("! 5'8" (4!"'#' 56'B5 6$... a ' ?'4(( 4 8("(( '6(=V"'5 "'( S(" (, ' '='( ' $5"' ' 'M3(5 649 ! 5 5 ""E8 V= 5 $"5 6'8». g54 N '8 3'?$6 !, S ' '" '5 '9""' "$69&E6$( S $ (4Z 56'( '4 '6$" ( =$6'54$6 9 , =$5 E6$9 4Z?'B 5 V'4'# S(5 B 4 5 V' $ S(5 B 4 ?' , "( &?(M"' = 6'3 "$5 e= 5 , 6(="((, (#' 5'?5 6(""'8 '" 8$" Z e= 5 $ =$6'54$6 9, 8E 4 SW( ? 3(8 =(35 $649 !, S ' "$5 =$&3=$M$( 6 i'5 '(65 '8-b 4'5'b(. 7' 6(="(859 ='8$" . <"9&! \EW " 5=$& M( '" 8$( , S ' & 36 V 64Z?4(""EV 6 "(#' M("[ " 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$ ?'4!W( " M3$( 59 6 "(8, $ $ '"$ ?'4(( "(5S$5 "$. R'N '8 '" 3(4 $ "' '5 $649( ;#4$Z, S '?E 5 $5 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" . D 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$ '" 5 $=$Z 59 (=([(#'49 ! 3= # 3= #$ 6 3 W(6"'B W =' (, '"$ ' S$9""' 5 =(8 59 '56'?'3 ! (#',
204
S '?E '" '?=(4 5S$5 !( 5 ;#4$(B, '" M( "( ' 5 $( ((, ?'95!, $ ?E '"$ "( « '# ?4$» (4Z? 8'( 6E=$M(" ( i'5 '(65 '#'). 7' '#3$ ;#4$9 5 =$ 6$( 5 $"3$4 5 A(4!Z '5 '=? ! 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" 6 (( 5'?5 6(""'8 3'8(, 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$ "( 6 3 3$4!"(BW V = S " M(= 6'6$ ! 5'?'B =$3 5' (=" AE =(W$( 6(& "9&9 \EW "$ 6 \'5 6 . > '54(3"ZZ 5( "3 5 (= S"$9 M("[ "$ 6"'6! 8("9( =(W(" (, "( M(4$9, S '?E '" « '# ?» ' (( 6 "(, ?(#$( =98' &- '3 6("A$ 5 X'#'M "E8, 8'4'3E8 A'8, ' '=EB ='8$ E6$( 5 "(Z '4! ' S ' '4 S(""'( 5'5 '9" (. <"9&! \EW " (3( 654(3 &$ " 8 6 \'5 6 . C4(3 Z[ B (= '3 V M &" 5 5"' 5 =E '3 3E8 'B $ "5 6(""'5 . i'5'(65 B "( ' =E6$( S $ (4Z, S ' 8(""' =' 5V'3 4' 6 \'5 6(, 4 W! 6=(89 ' 6=(8(" ='"99 8"'#'&"$S (4!"E( $ "5 6(""E( "$8( . 2 X'#'M ", "9&! \EW " 'V6$S("E $ ( S(5 8 5 =$3$" 98 &-&$ 7$5 $5! O 4 '6"E, ' '=$9 6(3( 5(?9 65( ?'4(( ?(&=$55 3"'. %" 3$M( 5 $"'69 59 ?=$ !98 6' e= 5 (, '?8("96W 5! "$ (4!"E8 =(5 $8 . D(8 5$8E8 $6 '= 3$( "$8 '"9 !, S ' X'#'M " V'S( ?(=(S!59 ' 5'?4$&"$ ? B5 6$ & =(6"'5 . > '"A( '"A'6 X'#'M " - 5$8EB "'=8$4!"EB & =' V "( 6E3(=M 6$( ? 6$( 7$5 $5!Z O 4 '6" . i'5'(65 B '?5 $649( (#' =(5 4(" ( 589#S$Z[ 8 '?5 '9 (4!5 6$8 : X'#'M "$ 5 4!"$9 4 V'=$3 $. R'54( ? B5 6$ '" 5=$& M( ' $3$( 6 ?'4!" A , $ &$ (8 (#' 55E4$Z 6 C ? =! - 56'('?=$&"EB &$ $5" , #3( V=$"9 59 5 5$""E( $6 '='8 6'5 '6E( b # =E. <"9&! \EW " ='6'3 "'S! 5 #4$& "$ #4$& 5 X'#'M "E8 6'&4( (4$ ? 'B, 5 " 8 54 S$( 59 'S(=(3"'B = 5 3 W(6"'B ?'4(&" , 6 3 8', '54(3" B, '" 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 4(S(?" A 6 l6(BA$= , #3( ='6(4 Z"'5 ! ' 3$ (8 "( 54(3'6$4' (&M$ !. >59 N $ ?(& 8"$9 8(W$" "$ '? 4!"' 53'?=("$ 3 $4'#$8 , = &6$""E8 (=(3$ ! 8"(" 9 =$&"''?=$&"EV 54'(6 '?[(5 6$ ' 58(= "'B $&" 4 6(4 'B 8 55 = 55 '#' "$='3$. :(=' " '#3$ " S(#' "( =' &"'59 , =(36$= (4!"' "( '?4(3"(6, "( &$=3(6W 5! 4 "( (=(5 6 5 "'# "$ "'# . X(4 # '&"E( 8' 6E 'W"' 6'="E 56'(B ?(&6 5 A(B. ;6 '= 3$( ' =(3(4(" 9, "( &$?' 95! ' 3' $&$ (4!5 6$V: "$ = 8(=, 7$5 $5!9 O 4 '6"$, $ 8E &"$(8, - '?=$&(A 53(=-
205
M$""'5 , V'='W(#' '"$ ?(& =(S"EV 8$"(=, "' #3$ '"$ 6(3( 5(?9, $ =$&c9=(""$9 ' ' $.
"'-
%3"$ ' 5$8 5ZM( '5 ='(" 5 5"', " = #$ =$&6'=$S 6$( 59 5 '8'[!Z 8"'#'S 54(""EV 5 5"EV = (8'6. R=$63$, "E( & " V, (54 5=$6" ! 5 D'45 E8, ?'4!W( 58$V 6$Z "$ 3$=E 3 ? " 'B 68(5 ' 4(# '#' $5$" 9 (=5 $8 V 3'M" $; 6 ='S(8, 8"'# ( = , 6'&8'M"', "( 5'#4$59 59 5' 8"'B.
«
$» (1872)
Y(5E» - ='8$" ' = 55 V (=='= 5 $V, &$8EW49Z[ V b$ S(5 ? 6$Z[ V '3"'#' & 56' V '6$= [(B. @(6$9 = $ '?c96 4$ (#' =($ A '""E8 =' &6(3(" (8. 7' 68(5 ( 5 (8 6 ='8$"( 6 3(4 #4 ?' '( ='" "'6(" ( 6 V$=$ (=E 4Z3(B, 5? EV 5 '4 5'?5 6(""E8 3(98 , ' '=E( &$6(4 V 6 =95 " , #3( '" '# ?4 . %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ (B&$M: «\(4 B, '" B 3'M3! ='" A$4 65Z ' =(5 "'5 !, '#4'[$9 659 B ' ?4(5 659 B ' ("' '?=$[$9 65( 6 '3" 3E8" Z, 56 "A'6 Z ?(&=$&4 S" Z 8$55 . i$6"' M( ?E4 3("!, $ $&$4'5!, 65( ([( "( =$556(4'». (7$ =' '54( ? B5 6$ @(?93 "EV.) «a ' ?E4' 'S("! 8=$S"'( 8(5 ' 6 '"A( '#='8"'#' 5 $6='# "5 '#' $= $. <...> <$ , 3'4M"' ?E !, $&$4'5! '"' #=Z8E8 6 ' 5 ='6EB '5("" B 6(S(=. D "$S "$459 5 $=EB &$ $&"'B 4(5; '#='8"E( 6( '6E( 5'5"E 8=$S"E8 "(95"E8 9 "$8 '?'&"$S 4 5! 6' 8=$ (. \=$ ?E4 $ 'B, S ' 6 36 V W$#$V 'S "(4!&9 ?E4' =$558' =( ! 3= # 3= #$. <...> 7( &6(5 "' 349 S(#' '#3$, 6 "(&$ $89 "'( 6=(89, 5 ='(" ?E4 & 3 V "( (5$"EV $8"(B $ 'B- ' 3'6'4!"' 58(W"'B #=' . C '4, 5 $8(B 6" = #=' $ 3$6"' M( 5#" 4 =$55E $4 5!. l$#$V 6 36 V5 $V 6 =$6' ' $"S 6$459 =( B = 3 $=$. a = = 3$, "$S "$95! ' 5$8'#' 3'8$, W4 , '3 " &$ 3= # 8, 54 W '8 "$ 6(=5 , 3' 5$8'#' '"A$ $= $». (R(=(3 ? B5 6'8 l$ '6$.) \"( M( = V'3 4'5! #'6'= !, S ' 8( '3 i'5 '(65 '#' 6 '?=$[(" 5' 56' 8 (=5'"$M$8 - 8( '3 3=$8$ =-
206
# . R=(35 $6499 '#' 4 "'#' #(='9, '" =$ ' ' 5E6$( (#' 6"(W"'5 ! &$ (8 'S " '#3$ "(B "( 6'&6=$[$( 59. D$ M( 6 3 $4'#$V ' 5 5 6 Z =(8$=, ' '=E8 '?ES"' '4!& Z 59 3= # ( $6 '=E: $&$" 9 "$ M(5 , 6ǭ 4 4Z? Z 3= # Z 3( $4!, V$=$ (= & Z[ Z '?5 $"'6 . j 65 6 ( 59, S ' '" "( 6 3 56' V #(='(6, S ' N ' ='5 ' 4E, &$8(S$ (4!"E(, S$= Z[ ( 4E, ?$=$V $Z[ (59 6 ' ' ( $6 '=5 V 3(B. f" M(" ( S(4'6(S(5 '#' 3'5 ' "5 6$ - &4Z?4(""$9 (8$ i'5 '(65 '#' - #'3 59 5 '=(( 349 b$=5$, $ "( 3=$8E. 7( '?4$3$9 "$5 '9[ 8 S 65 6'8 Z8'=$, i'5 '(65 B 5 = 3'8 3(=M 6$( 59 ' 5$8'B '?E "'6(""'B 'W4'5 , = '8 M$5"' 8"'#'54'6"'B. (25 '= 9 ' "'W(" B 8(M3 6'4(6'B 5 (= S"'B 'M 4'B 3$8'B 54$?E8 5 (= S"E8 'M 4E8 #'5 '3 "'8, &$" 8$Z[$9 (=6E( 5 ' 5 =$" A «Y(5'6», 5 S"$ "( =$63' '3'?"$.) > (=( 4( (" b$=5'6'B " = # 5 S(4'6(S(5 'B =$#(3 (B 96"' 54EW 59 "'5 =$""EB $ A(" , S '- ' 6 (( 5ZM( "EV V'3$V ' 3$( 6 '='5'= "E8 b=$"A &5 8 ='8$"'8. a ' "( '&"$S$( , '3"$ ', S ' &3(5! "( 3$S"EV 5A(". > «Y(5$V» "$= 5'6$" =(4(5 "EB W$=M "$ D =#("(6$: 8'3"EB 5$ (4! <$=8$& "'6... «5 $= S' , 4( , 6 ='S(8, "( ?'4(( 9 3(59 9 , 5 3'6'4!"' = 89"E8 4 S '8, 5 # 5 E8 5(3("! 8 4' '"S $8 , 6E? 6W 8 59 &- '3 = #4'B A 4 "3= S(5 'B W49 E &$6 6$6W 8 59 ' '4' S 5 ("! V, ='&'6("! V, 8$4("! V W '6 (#'... S(=( $V'6EB 4'="( "$ S(="'B '"("! 'B 4(" 'S(, (=5 ("( "( =(8(""' ?E4 $ ( M(, $ 4Z3(B ?(& '= &"(""' V'='W(#' '"$. :'6'= 8(3'6E8, V' 9 "(5 '4! ' = 4 6E8 #'4'5 '8. R W( (3 "5 6(""' 5 A(4!Z 6E5 $6 ! 5$8'#' 5(?9, $ , "$ = 8(=, 6 ' 5$" # ?(4 '3"'#' $='V'3$ #3(- ' ?(=(#'6 ;"#4 . D$ S $4'5! 8(M3 5 =' $8 : ?2" (=(5 B (5! 8"'Z, 58' = (, $ '6 9 ?E4 6 N 8 " E. j(#' 6E 58' = ( "$ N ' 4("" A 5 8(= 6E8 =(?(" '8 6 8(= 6EV = $V? C8' = ( 4 SW( "$ 8("9, $ 9 "( 6E"(5 N '#' &=(4 [$ ' "(#' ' 6(=" 459?». %S("! '" B '4 D =#("(6$ (5 ! 'V'M(( ' 5$" ( 'M$=$ "$ '=$?4(, 'S(6 3"', 569&$""'( 5 "(?4$#'6 3"E8 N &'3'8 (#'
207
Z"'5 , ' '=EB 6=$# (#' M &"!.
5 "$54$M3(" (8
'8 "$4
65Z
R' 3 6 (4!"'B 54 S$B"'5 i'5 '(65 B "$ 5$4 $='3 Z "$ ([( "( 5'&3$""'( =' &6(3(" ( D =#("(6$ «R'M$= "$ 8'=(» (1883). i'5 '(65 B '?E#=$4 &6(5 "EB N &'3 & M &" D =#("(6$ ((#' '6(3(" ( 6' 6=(89 # ?(4 $='V'3$ «7 '4$B I» 6 1838 #.) $6 '=5 Z '& A Z 6 'S(= ( «<$&"! D=' 8$"$» (1870). - R= 8. =(3.>'4(Z $6 '=$, ' '=EB 5 M$='8 3=$8$ =#$ 6E5 =$ 6$( 4!8 "$A Z, #'5 (B >$=6$=( R( ='6"( "$? 4'5! "(58( "'( 8"'M(5 6'. ^3(5! 65( (=5'"$M «Y(5'6», 6 '8 S 54( 36'(, '4! ' S ' = ?E6W ( &-&$ #=$" AE. <$ 'B "(6(='9 "EB 6&3'=, "' 6&3'= #=$"3 '&"EB, 3'5 #W B 56'(#' $, 5' 65 EW $8 #(" $4!"EV '&$=(" B, '56([$Z[ V 6(5! N ' 8=$S"EB ?(& 8"EB b$=5! C'?=$6W 5! 6 '3"'B '8"$ (, N 4Z3 =$5 $ E6$Z " M$Z 3= # 3= #$, 5 =$ 6$9 S 3'6 ["E( 5 $"3$4E. C $"3$4E '"S$Z 59 " S(8, $ $ 3(B5 6 ( '4 S$( "('M 3$""EB "'6EB '6'=' . <$ 65(#3$ 6 ='8$"$V i'5 '(65 '#', (=(3 "$8 '=' 4 6'( 4 V'=$3'S"'( "$#='8'M3(" ( 54'6 5 ?(5 '"(S"E8 '6 '=(" 98 , V'3$8 6 5 '='" - 54'6(5"EB $5 $3, ' ' '='#' S $ (4! 5 E E6$( ' =95(" ( '54(, = 8(= , ='&=$S"'B 3 6 (4!"' #$=8'" S"'B ='&E @(=8'" '6$. i'5 '(65 B, $ &6(5 "', - 6(4 B =$63' 5 $ (4!, #(" $4!"EB 554(3'6$ (4! ?'4!"'B S(4'6(S(5 'B 3 W , "' = N '8 "( 6(4 B V 3'M" 6 '8 58E54(, 6 $ '8 D'45 'B, R W " j(V'6 6(4 ( V 3'M" . 2 '6 '=9Z, "( ' '8 , S ' 8 =, 8 5'&3$""EB, "(=($4(", 8 = 659 '#' V 3'M" $ "(=($4(", "' ' '8 , S ' '" 5'&3$" 54 W '8 '5 (W"', ?(& 659 '#' S 65 6$ 8(=E #$=8'" , ' '=E8 3'4M(" '3S "9 !59 3$M( 5$8EB ==$A '"$4!"EB W(3(6= (S '?E 5 $ ! W(3(6='8). i(B5 6 (4!"', 6 $ '8- ' 58E54( i'5 '(65 B 54 W '8 =$A '"$4 5 S(" 6 56' V ' '="EV 8( '3$V, V' 9 5'?E 9 "(#' - 65(#' 4 W! 5'?E9 3 V'6"'B M &" , $ #(=' - V'39S ( 3( 6 '?4 S!( 4Z3(B, V 6&$ 8'569&! =$&6 ( N V 5'?E B = 6'39 59 6 3(B5 6 ( 8(V$" S(5 8 = (8$8 , V$=$ (=-
208
"E8 349 = 8 6"EV A$ 18-#' "$S$4$ 19 6.
6 '='5 ( (""EV ='8$"'6
'"-
d V'S ([( =$& '3S(= " !, S ' i'5 '(65 B '?4$3$4 5 '=(( $4$" '8 3=$8$ =#$, "(M(4 ='8$" 5 $. g#' ='8$"E =(35 $649Z 5'?'B A( 'S 5A(", 3 $4'#'6, 8$55'6' 5 S$5 (8 S ! 4 "( 65(V (=5'"$M(B - 5' 8"'M(5 6'8 S 5 ' ($ =$4!"EV V [=(" B, $ V, $ scfaire [ 4!8 "$A 9, 5A("$, ' '= Z 5 "( (= (" (8 M3( &= (4! (b=$"A.). - R= 8. (=(6.], "('M 3$""EB #'5 !, '8(3 B"$9 =$&69& $ . 3. > $S(5 6( ='8$"'6 (#' " # =$55E $Z 59 "$ 5 , 6 $S(5 6( !(5 - '" 54 W '8 34 ""E, '8 '& A '""' =EV4E "(5'=$&8(="E. % 5E6$9 56' V #(='(6, V ' "'W(" 9 '4'M(" 9, 6 ' '=E( '" ' $3$Z , i'5 '(65 B "( 54 W '8 '5 ='8(", "' '3S$5 6(5!8$ 9&6 (4(". «O=$" '- = 55 $9 6'B"$» - $ "$&E6$( 59 8 &E $4!"$9 !(5$, 5'S "(""$9 @98W "E8, '3" 8 & #(='(6 «Y(5'6». «7$S "$4$5! '"$ #='&"E8 &6
$8
«\$=5(4!(&E»:
Qu?un sang impur abreuve nos sillons.
C4EW$459 "$ E[(""EB 6E&'6, '(" ( ? 3 [ 8 '?(3$8 . 7' 63= #, 68(5 ( 5 8$5 (=5 6$=! ='6$""E8 $ $8 # 8"$, #3(- ' 5?' , 6" & 6 #'4 , "' 'S("! ?4 & ', '54EW$4 5! #$3("! ( &6 «Mein Lieber Augustin». «\$=5(4!(&$» "( &$8(S$( V, «\$=5(4!(&$» "$ 6E5W(B 'S ( '(" 9 56' 8 6(4 S (8; "' «Augustin» =( 49( 59, «Augustin» 65( "$V$4!"((, 6' $ E «Augustin» $ - ' "('M 3$""' "$S "$Z 5'6 $3$ ! 5 $ $8 «\$=5(4!(&E». D$ "$S "$( $ ?E 5(=3 !59; '"$ &$8(S$( , "$ '"(A, «Augustin», '"$ V'S( 5?='5 ! ((, ' '#"$ !, $ "$69&S 6 Z " S 'M" Z 8 V , "' «Augustin» A( 4$5! =( '; '"$ 6(5(4$ 5$8' 6(=("$, '"$ =$3'5 "$ "$V$4!"$; «\$=5(4!(&$» $ - ' 63= # M$5"' #4 (( : '"$ M( "( 5 =E6$( , S ' =$&3=$M("$ '? M("$; N ' 6' 4 "(#'3'6$" 9, N ' 54(&E 49 6E 5 ='5 (= E8 ='6 3(" Z = $8 : pas un pouce de notre terrain, pas une de nos forteresses.
209
7' M( '"$ = " M3("$ ( ! 5 «Mein Lieber Augustin» 6 '3 " $ . g( &6 $ - ' #4 (BW 8 '?=$&'8 (=(V'39 6 «Augustin», '"$ 5 4'"9( 59, '#$5$( . 2&=(3 $ 4 W!, ='=E6'8, '54EW 59 ' 9 ! «qu?un sang impur», "' ' S$5 M( =('? 3"' (=(5 'S 6 #$3("! B 6$4!5. %"$ 58 =9( 59 5'6(=W(""': N ' hZ4! O$6=, =E3$Z[ B "$ #= 3 Y 58$= $ ' 3$Z[ B 65(, 65(... 7' M( 56 =( (( «Augustin»: 54EW$ 59 5 4E( &6 , S 65 6 ( 59 ?(&8(="' 6E '( 6', ?(W("5 6' 5$8'V6$4!5 6$, =(?'6$" 9 8 44 $=3'6, '" V 5 #$=, W$8 $"5 '#' &$4'M" '6; «Augustin» (=(V'3 6 "( 5 '6EB =(6».
«
,
$» (1880)
Y=$ !9 <$=$8$&'6E» - 6(4 '4( "EB = 8(= 3( ( 6"'#' M$"=$, ' '=EB i'5 '(65 B '="' =$&=$?$ E6$4 6 3= # V ='8$"$V. X'8$" N ' 34 ""EB (?'4(( 1000 5 =$" A) 4Z?' E "EB. > "(8 8"'#' = 8(S$ (4!"'#', 3$M( "$&6$" 9 #4$6. C ' 5 $&$ !, S ' $6 '= "( '4! ' V'='W' '" 8$( 65Z 6 (6$ '5 ! b$" $5 S"'5 ! 56'(B " # , "' $ ? 3 ' 65( 6=(89 '3S(= 6$( ((, '33=$&" 6$9 S $ (49, 5 '4!& 9 $M3 Z 8(4'S!, S '?E '35 (#" ! (#' 4Z?' E 5 6'. i'5 $ 'S"' ?='5 ! V' 9 ?E ?(#4EB 6ǭ "$ '#4$64(" (. <$ 9 M( 5 $&$4, "$&6$" 9 #4$6 "('?ES"E = 6'39 6 &$8(W$ (4!5 6', S(4'6( , "(&"$ '8EB 5 ='8$"'8, 8'M( ?E ! 4(# ' 66(3(" 6 &$?4 M3(" (, 6''?=$& 6, S ' (=(3 " 8 "( ='8$", $ 5 '=(( 4 ?=( ' $ '#'- ' N 5A(" = S"'#' 6'3(6 49. :4$6$ 3: «25 '6(3! #'=9S(#' 5(=3A$. > 5 V$V». :4$6$ 4: «25 '6(3! #'=9S(#' 5(=3A$. > $"( 3' $V». :4$6$ 5: «25 '6(3! #'=9S(#' 5(=3A$. «>6(=V 9 $8 ». ^$ (8 6' 6 '='8 '8(, #4$6$ 5: «7$3=E6 6 #'5 "'B», #4$6$ 6: «7$3=E6 6 &?(», #4$6$ 7: «2 "$ S 5 '8 6'&3 V(». 7( ''=E( &$#'4'6 '=$M$Z 5 =$""E8 8("!W (4!"E8 : «^$ '"!9S '8». Y'4!W$9 S$5 ! "$&6$" B #4$6 ' 3$4(""' "( (=(3$( V 5'3(=M$" 9, $ , "$ = 8(=: «g[( '3"$ '3'=6$""$9 =( $A 9». %" ?(558E54(""E. 2 "$ '"(A, "( ' '=E( #= 6E( &$#'4'6 5 V 3'?='3 W"E8 '3 = " 6$" (8 "$3 S $ (4(8 6'5 = " 8$Z 59 $ "$&6$" 9 Z8'= 5 S(5 V =$55 $&'6. @ W! 6 W(5 'B S$5 , $ " 5 =$""', 5$8'B 54$?'B S$5 " # , "$&6$" 9 #4$6 5'' 6( 5 6 Z V 5'3(=M$" Z.
210
D$ '33=$&" 6$9, "$58(W" S$9, V =EB $6 '= "$8(=(""' &$64( $( S $ (49. %3"$ ' N ' = (8 "( (3 "5 6(""EB. %" 65( 6=(89 6E 5 6$( =$&"''?=$&"E( 5=(35 6$, S '?E ='? 3 ! '33(=M$ ! S $ (4!5 B " (=(5. R'58' = (, $ '" '?c95"9( "$&6$" ( #'='3$, #3( 5 5$8'#' "$S$4$ ='8$"$ =' 5V'3 (#' 3(B5 6 ( ('" = 6'3 (#' '4! ' 6 5$8'8 '"A(): «C ' ' = #'"!(65 ( $ , 6E, "$&E6$( 59 "$W #'='3' , 9 3'4#' 5 =E6$4 (#' 89)». a $ '5 '9""$9 '#493 $ "$ S $ (49, '#3$ 6 "(8 6 39 , 5 '3"'B 5 '='"E, M(= 6 , 349 ' '='B 5$ (4! &$#' '6 4 $ $", '3"'6=(8(""' 'V' " $, ' ' '='#' 5$ (4! ?(M , ( 499 54(3E, $ &$#"$""EB &$9A, $ '( ' "'W(" ( S $ (4Z 5' 5 '='"E 5$ (49 6 $'B- ' 8(=( 3( & = 55 'B 4 (=$ ="'B =$3 A . R W " 6 «g6#(" %"(# "(», :'#'4! 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V» S$5 ' "(6&"$S$B '?=$[$Z 59 S $ (4Z, '='B 5 &6 "(" (8, '='B 5 ='5!?'B 4 W 'B. 7' '3'?"'( &$ #=E6$" ( 5 S $ (4(8 $ M( &$ 85 6'6$"' & &$ $3"EV ='8$"'6 4 , 6(="((, V =(3W(5 6("" A - #'4'6"EV V='" . D$ 6' , 6 4 SW V =$3 A 9V N V V='" i'5 '(65 B = ?(#$( &$?$6"'8 = (8 : 5 '3S(= " 'B ' ='6(""'5 !Z '" 6 5$8'8 "$S$4( 5''?[$( , S ' 5'6(=W("' =(5 4(" (. «;4( 5(B O(3'='6 S <$=$8$&'6 ?E4 =( ! 8 5E"'8 '8([ $ "$W(#' (&3$ O(3'=$ R$64'6 S$ <$=$8$&'6$, 5 '4! &6(5 "'#' 6 56'( 6=(89... ' =$# S(5 'B (8"'B '"S "( 56'(B...» D$ $9 "$='S $9 ' ='6(""'5 ! 5' 5 '='"E $6 '=$ - "( ?'4(( S(8 4 (=$ ="EB = (8, A(4! (#' - 5=$& M( &$ " = #'6$ ! S $ (49 N 'B « =$# S(5 'B (8"'B '"S "'B». <" #$ =(35 $649( 5'?'B S"EB 3( ( 6, 4 V' &$ = S(""EB #'4'6"EB ='8$", "' 3(B5 6 ( =$&6'=$S 6$( 59 8(34(""'. 25V'3"$9 5 $A 9 $ '6$. <$=$8$&'6-' (A #" 5"EB, =$5 "EB 5 $= , '3"$ & (V "( 6E&E6$Z[ V 5'S 65 6 9 M(= 6, [$ (4!"' "$8(S(""EV =(3 58' = (4!"E8 $6 '='8 3( ( 6$ 349 ? B5 6$. f "(#' S( 6(=' 5E"'6(B - ='( &$ '""EV '3 " "(&$ '""EB, $M3EB & ' '=EV 8'# ?E ! ? BA(B. \4$3W B, ?4$#'5 "EB ;4(W$ - 96"' '4'M (4!"EB #(='B, "', = "96 '3"$M3E 8 = i'5 '(65 '#' (#' =$6 4$, 8E 8'M(8 3' 5!, S ' 3$M( ;4(W$ 5 '5'?(" ?E4 ? ! ' A$ V' 9 ?E =$3 ?=$ $ i8 = 9, ' '='8 ' "$8(=(""' (=(V'3 3'='# , 4 6"(&$ "' 6'55 $6 =' 6 5 4 &4$, ' '=E( =(35 $649( ' (A, 4 ' 4Z?'B 3= #'B = S "(. CZ-
211
M( =$&6 6$( 59 $ , S ' S $ (4! 3'4#'( 6=(89 6E" M3(" #$3$ !, ' M( ? BA$; ?'4(( '#', 3$M( (=(3 5 3'8 =(35 $( "(6 "'6"EB - 5 $=W B 5E" ? '#' i8 = B, '#3$ $ "$5 '9[ 8 ? BA(B ' $&E6$( 59 "(&$'""'='M3(""EB 5E" <$=$8$&'6$, C8(=39 '6. C4(3 9 56'(8 &$8E54 6 9" ! S $ (49 6 =$&#$3E6$" ( $B"E, S ' 5'5 $649( #4$6" Z =(4(5 ! 3( ( 6"'#' M$"=$, i'5 '(65 B '5 '='M"' '3#' $64 6$( 6 S $ (4!5 '8 5'&"$" "('?V'3 8EB (8 '= =( =(3'4$#$(8'#' ? BAE - i8 = 9. %?8$" "$S "$( 59 5 'B 8 " E, '#3$ i8 = B '54( 4 V'=$3'S"EV [( "EV ' 5 '6 =(V E59S, ' '=E( (8 $ '5 =' " M"E, ?='5$( 59 6'" & 3'8 , = V6$ 6 5 5'?'Z 8(3"EB (5 . «;V, :'5 '3 , '" ? ! '#' V'S( ! - 65 4(5" 4$ = $8 O("9». i(6 W $, ' '= Z 4Z? i8 = B, ([( '3"$ « "b(="$4!"$9» #(=' "9 i'5 '(65 '#', := W("! $, 5 $"'6 59 '?c( '8 6'M3(4(" B 5 $= $, ''?([$6W(#' (B 3("(#, (54 '"$ = 3( "(8 . i8 = B "( 5'8"(6$( 59 6 '8, S ' '"$ = "94$ =(34'M(" (. f?(M3(""EB, S ' := W("! $ ' A$, '" (=( =E# 6$( S(=(& &$?'= 6 5$3 6 3 56( 6 ' "$V: «%" 5 '94 &$ 5 '8 6 (" ; (=(3"99 '4'6 "$ 5 $ ?E4$ '56([("$ & ' "$. «<$4 "$, 9#'3E, $ ( =$5"E(!» - ='W( $4 '", "( &"$9 &$S(8». <'#3$ '" '3'W(4 ' " , '" 6 3(4, S ' «659 5 $4(" $ O(3'=$ R$64'6 S$ =(35 $4$ (=(3 " 8 $ "$ 4$3'" . %"$ ?E4$ =$&3(4("$ ' (=( W =8$8 . % (A 5 '94 ' "$ «6 56'(8 "'6'8 '4'5$ '8 W(4 '6'8 V$4$ (, '3'95$""'8 W(4 '6E8 M( W" = '8 5 5 98 . 2&- '3 6'=' $ V$4$ $ 6E#493E6$4' S 5 '( [(#'4!5 '( ?(4!(, '"$9 #'44$"35 $9 = ?$W $ 5 &'4' E8 &$ '" $8 . <...> ... 5 $= S ! "( 6E4(& & ' "$, &$#493E6$9 "$ =$6', 6 5 '='" , #3( ?E4$ 36(=! 6 5$3. <...> \ 9 58' =(4 5?' "( W(6(4 459. >(5! 5 '4! =' 6"EB (8 ='b 4! 5 $= $, 6(5! ' 6 5W B $3E (#', "'5 =ZS '8, 4E?$Z[ B59 6 54$3'5 "'8 'M 3$" , # ?E (#', 65( N ' 9=' ?E4' '56([("' '5E8 56( '8 4$8 E 54(6$ & '8"$E. C =$W"$9, "( 5 '6$9 &4'?$ &$ (4$ 63= # 6 5(=3A( \ », , ' (=96 5$8''?4$3$" (, '" «63= # 6EV6$ 4 8(3"EB (5 & $=8$"$».
212
i$4(( 54(3 ( =$5"'=(S 6$9 b=$&$, 5'5 '9[$9 & 8"'M(5 6$ 'S( , ' 9 ! M( 6 4 SW V =$3 A 9V 64( $ (4!"EV #'4'6"EV ='8$"'6 4 ='6$6EV 3( ( 6'6. R''8, 54'6"' (=(6(39 3 V, $6 '= 5"'6$ &$V'3 , "' M( 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E. «Y'#, - $ 5$8 \ 9 #'6'= 4 ' '8, 5 '='M 4 8("9 '#3$». a ' 8'#4' ?E '&"$S$ !, S ' (#' S '- ' '5 $"'6 4' 6 '54(3"ZZ 8 " , "' "( , 5=$& M( '54( N 'B b=$&E 5 ' 36'( 'S (, $ &$ " 8 =(34'M(" (, 54'6"' ?E 5 4 6$Z[(( =(3E3 [((: « $ =$& 6 ' 5$8'( 6=(89 ='5" 459 "$ '3=( 56'(8 ?'4!"'B := #'= B >$5 4!(6 S». D$ b=$&$ ' Y'#(, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E '&"$S$ !, $ 8'#4' ' $&$ !59 6"$S$4(, ? 3 ' $"#(4V=$" (4! 6'6=(89 '5 $"'6 4 (#' "$ =(5 4(" Z, 8'M( $ M( &"$S ! 4 W! ', S ' Y'# =$&? 3 4 5 $='#' 54 # , S '?E ' 58'# 6 3( ! ' '&"$ ! 3 =$Z[(#' ? BA . 2 &3(5! "$4 A' " (=(5"EB 8$"(6=: 5 'B 5$8'B 8 " E, $ i8 = B ?(#$( , 3' (#' $=(5 $ "$ ='6 "A $4!"'B 9=8$= (, #3( '" 3$= 459 6 &$# 4 68(5 ( 5 := W("! 'B (' ? B5 6$ 3' $=(5 $ ='V'3 75 5 =$" A), $6 '= $ 5 =' 5ZM( , S ' 54'6''V' 4 6EB i8 = B " =$& "( 6E3$( 56'(B "(6 "'6"'5 . Y'4(( '#', '#3$ '" 65 '8 "$( 54 # := #'= 9, ' '='#' '" 3$= 4 (5 '8 , ?E ! 8'M( , 3$M( ? 4, i8 = B " =$& "( "$&E6$( (#' ' 8(" ; ='5 ' «5 $= », S ' 4(# ' 8'M"' ' "(5 ' A . R= (8, 'M$4 B, 54 W '8 5 55 6(""EB, 6E3$Z[ B S=(&8(="'( M(4$" ( $6 '=$ '?8$" ! S $ (49, &$5 $6 6 (#' '6(= ! 6 ', S ' i8 = B ' A( ? BA$. R'&M( "$ 5 3( 6$M"' '"9 !, #'6'= i8 = B =$63 4 4M( , 6(=M3$9, S ' = E59S = ?4(B ?E4 "(#' = 5(?( (=(3 (8, $ '" ' =$6 459 ' A . 2"$S( ?E4 ?E 65( '5"'6$" 9 '3'&=(6$ ! (#' 6 '8, S ' '" =$4 = E59S , = #' '64(""E( 5 $= '8 349 3(6 W, $ N ' 6 56'Z 'S(=(3! '&"$S$4' ?E, S ' '" 64'8 459 6 3'8 5'6(=W 4 ? B5 6'. 2 63= # "$ 5 3( 84$3W B ?=$ ;4(W$ 65 '8 "$( , S ' '#3$ '" 6 3(4 i8 = 9 6 '54(3" B =$&, (=(3 "'S"E8 =' 5W(5 6 (8 6 5$3 , ' ? 4 5(?9 6 #= 3! = S$4, S ' "(#' 6 N '8 5$8'8 8(5 ( ( ' (5 ! "$ #= 3 ) (5 ! ', S ' (8 "('?V'3 8', S '?E 6E $ !59 & (#' = 3"'#' '4'M(" 9. D'#3$ ;4(W$ '3 8$4, S ' i8 = B 8(4 6 6 3 56'( 5(=3A(. D( (=! M( '" 63= # 65 '8" 4, S ' 3$M( 6 ' 8 # '?=$ 4 6" 8$" (, S ' i8 = B ? 4 5(?9 "( 6 5(=3A(, $ 8"'#'
213
" (, S ' i8 = B ? 4 5(?9 "( 6 5(=3A(, $ 8"'#' 6EW(, $8, #3( V=$" 4$5! 4$3$" $. a ' 6'5 '8 "$" ( ;4(W 5 $4' (3 "5 6(""E8, V' 9 54$?E8 3' $&$ (4!5 6'8 '#', S ' i8 = B 6 5$8'8 3(4( 3'5 $4 3("!# =$"!W(, $ &"$S , 6'&8'M"', "( ? 6$4 ' A$. i= #'( '?5 '9 (4!5 6', ' '='( 4(# ' 8'#4' ?E =$&=(W ! 65( 5'8"(" 9 5 $5 i8 = 9, "$S 5 ' #"'= = ( 59 $6 '='8. C8(=39'6 = &"$459 26$" , 5=(3"(8 ?=$ , S ' "$5 '9[ B ? BA$ - '" S ' '= 3 (8 =(5 4(" 9 '54 M 4$ 9M(4$9 ( (4!" A$. 26$" 3(4$( 65( 6'&8'M"'(, S '?E 5 $5 i8 = 9, '3"$ ' N ' 6$M"(BW(( '?5 '9 (4!5 6' "$ 5 3( "( '8 "$( 59 " =$& g54 ?E 26$" =$55 $&$4 5 3 ' ( (4!" A(, 5 $"'6 ! 5 " " S(#' "( 5 ' 4' ?E. 7$3' ?E4' 4 W! '58' =( ! (( $ 54(3 ( , 5 $"'6 !, (5 ! 4 "$ "(B 54(3E ='6 , 5=$6" ! (( b'=8 5 'S(= $" 98 58(= (4!"'B =$"E ? '#'. 7' N ' "( 53(4$"', "(8$4'6$M"EB ='8$V 349 3( ( 6"'#' ='8$"$. R= 6(3(""EB $"$4 & 3'5 $ 'S(" 349 '#', S '?E ='54(3 ! =$&6 ( 5ZM( "'B 4 " i8 = 9. 26$", 6 '='B ?=$ , (&M$( & #'='3$, ' 5 (4!5 6 9 ? B5 6 , b$ S(5 '" '3 $4 6$( C8(=39 '6$ =(5 4(" Z, 5 $"'695! (8 5$8E8 (#' 5' S$5 " '8. >''?[( 26$" 5 4!"(( 6 9" 6 '5"'6" Z " = # , S(8 =( B ?=$ ;4(W$. D$8, #3( &$V'3 =(S! '? ;4(W(, 8E '5 '9""' '[ [$(8, $ $6 '= =$&=E6$( 59 8(M3 36 89 "(&$6 5 8E8 5ZM( $8 : =$#(3 (B i8 = 9 5 '= (B 'S 569 '#' ;4(W . > ;4(W( 5"'6$ 6 3 59, $ 6 "9&( \EW "(, 4Z?'6! $6 '=$ ='5 '3 W"'8 #(='Z = 55 '#' b'4! 4'=$. >5Z 34 "" Z, 694 Z 5 '= Z 5 $=A$ ^'5 8E 8'M"' ?E4' ?E 5 4ZS ! ?(& 659 '#' [(=?$ 349 5ZM( $, 5 '=(( N ' '4! ' = 3$4' ?E " #( A(4!"'5 5'=$&8(="'5 . 2 6"'6! 5'6(=W(""' "(&$6 5 8', 6 =$&=(& 5 '?[ 8 &$8E54'8, &6 S 5 '= 9 24ZW(S , 5$8$ ' 5(?( &$8(S$ (4!"$9. 7' 6 N =(=$5" Z 5 '= Z ' 8$4!S ( 24ZW(, (#' 3= #( <'4(, 5'?$ ( h S (, 5(=(?=9"'B W(S (, $ = &"EV 6EV'3$V 5 (= S"'#' ' A$ - 3$M( 6 N 5 '= Z ;4(W$ 6"'5 "( = 9 "EB (4(B"EB V'4'3' . >''?[(, '#3$ $6 '= &'?=$M$( i8 = 9, (#' (=' '?=( $( 5 4ZS (4!" Z M 6'5 !, i8 = B $ ?E '5 '9""' '56([(" 5 4!"(BW 8 4$8 $8 , $ 68(5 ( 5 " 8 65(, ' (#' ' = M$( . 7' 5 ' '96 !59 ;4(W(, $ 8E ' S$5 M( '#= M$(8-
214
59 6 5'6(=W(""' " Z, ?(&M &"("" Z 5 V Z. C 8(=(S"E( =' E 6'39 S $ (49 6 #=Z8EB 8 = V'4'3"'#' 85 6'6$" 9, ' " EB #(" (8 5 55 6$.
1828 - 1910 «
» (1877)
D'45 'B - "( =(6&'B3(""EB = 55 B ='&$ . %5 $6499 6 5 '='"( (#' =(3W(5 6("" '6 R W "$ @(=8'" '6$, 65(V 6(4 V = 55 V 5$ (4(B 8'M"' 6E5 =' ! 6 $'B '54(3'6$ (4!"'5 : (=6EB - D'45 'B, 6 '='B - :'#'4!, =( B - j(V'6, S( 6(= EB - D =#("(6;. R'V'M( "$ 6E 5 "'B 5 5' , =$& 8(( 59, i'5 '(65 B C$4 E'6-}(3= " 5' 56' 8 " & 8 'A(" $8 "( '4 S 4 ?E 8("9 'V6$4!"EV 4 5 '6. j $9 D =#("(6$, 6E &"$( (, S ' N ' - D =#("(6. D'45 '#' 6E S $( ( ' '8 ,S ' ='5 ' "( 8'M( ( '5 $"'6 !59. 23('4'# S(5 $9 ' =$6$ - =(54'6 $9 « 3(B"'5 !» ='&6(3(" 9 ((54 = ?(#" ! '"9 Z, &'?=( (""'8 5'6=(8(""E8 = $8 -W$=4$ $"$8 ) "$S$4$ '3 $S 6$ ! = 55 Z ='& 6 5(=(3 "( ='W4'#' 6( $ = '"S 4$ (( 5(=(3 "( "$W(#'. R'"$S$4 8'M( ' $&$ !59, S ' ='&$ D'45 '#' "$5 6'&! ='" &$"$ (#' S(" (8. 7$ 5$8'8 M( 3(4( (#' =' '6(3!, 694$9 =$54E6S$ $9, "( 8(4$ " S(#' '?[(#' 5 '4 'B, $ 6'=S(5 6' ' 4 S$( $ $9 8'# S$9, V ["$9 5 4$, '= -
215
# "$4!"'5 ! '?[(S(4'6(S(5 B 58E54, S ' '"' ' ='5 6E (5" 4' (#' S(" (. > 5 ["'5 , D'45 '#'8E54 (49 65(#3$ &$" 8$4 4 W! 36( (8E: h &"! C8(= !. ; N V (8 "( &?(M " '3 " V 3'M" .
***
:=$b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«>'B" 8 =» (1869) ?(558(= " Z «;"" <$=(" " »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d "( 6E"'W ' $" 9 6 3=$#'A(""EV ? '#=$b 9V 6(4 V 5$ (4(B, "( 6E"'W , '#3$ 4Z3 '358$ = 6$Z 6 &$8'S" Z 5 6$M " V M &" , "( 6E"'W 6 4!#$="'5 « " (=(5$ S(4'6( », "( 6E"'W W =W$" 9 Z?' V V $"!9 6 '= 3'=$V 6=(8(" , " '3 " ? '#=$b 3$-
216
M( =$(8 #4$&$ "( '58(( &$#49" ! 6 8'Z 4 S" Z M &"!. 7' 6' S ' 9 3'4M(" 5 $&$ !. ^4'=$3"'( 5'5 =$3$" ( i'5 '(65 '#', (#' '(" ( M$4'5 !Z " M(""E8 '5 '=?4(""E8 - 65( N ' ?E4 6 '"A( '"A'6 '3" 4 W! N8'A , $ $ '5'?$9 =$&"'6 3"'5 ! 8=$S"'#' V= 5 $"5 6$, ' '= Z '" 5 '6(3'6$4, " S ! "( 8(W$4$ (8 6(5 M &"!, 6(5!8$ 3$4( Z ' (#' 3($4'6. D'45 'B M(, $ (#' =(35 $6 (4! @(6 ", "$ =' 6, ?E4 '=#$" S(5 "(5 '5'?(" 53(4 ( 5 5'6(5 !Z - M(5 ' ' 5 =$3$4, '#3$ M 6' "'( "$S$4' 6=(8(""' '?(M3$4' 3 V'6"'(. % =E6 349 5(?9 "'6 Z =(4 # Z - '8(5! ? 33 B5 '#' S(" 9 ' " =6$"( 7'6'#' ^$6( $ ( "$S( #'6'=9, «2 5 5 8 " 5 A(= '6!») - 54(3 9 (B, '" = W(4 6E6'3 , S ' 5 55 6' - ?(&?'M"', ?' '5"'6$"' "$ 6''?=$M(" , "$ '?8$"(, "$ '3 $5'6 (, ?(& 659 '#' 5'M$4(" 9 'M(= 6'6$4 6(4 8 3$='8 V 3'M" $, 3'6'4!5 6 95! ='4!Z 5 S"'#', &$ =93"'#', V' 9 &3=$6'8E549[(#' b 4'5'b$. R' '= 6 6(=W "E 5 55 6$ 6 «;""( <$=(" "'B», '" 6"(&$ "' =(W 4 '#=$" S !59 "=$6' S (4!"E8 5 $ !98 ='8( " V " S(#' "( 5$ !. < 5S$5 !Z, 36 M 8EB "( 3(=M 8'B ' =(?"'5 !Z 6 6'=S(5 6(, '" "'#3$ 5 $4 = ='3"'8 3$= 5'&3$4 ([( "(5 '4!' & 8 (4!"EV =' &6(3(" B, "( &$8 "(""EV "$='S 'B "$& 3$ (4!"'5 !Z, 6 '8 S 54( - 6(4 S$BW B =$55 $& «C8(= ! 26$"$ 24! S$». \"'# ( ' "'59 59 D'45 '8 5' 58(W$""E8 S 65 6'8. > "(8 4Z?9 V 3'M" $ (= ( ! "( 8'# =' '6(3" $. 7' 6 ' M( 6=(89 ' 3(4 ! D'45 '#'- =' '6(3" $ ' D'45 '#'-V 3'M" $ "(6'&8'M"': 65( ' M( " & B, 8(34 (4!"EB #'4'5, ' M( =( '( 4(S', S ' 4(# ' 6E3(=M 6$4' "'W &$'?4$S"EV 6 3(" B, 9M B #= & 3(B. D$ V'S( 59 '='B 6E? ! &- '3 '? EV 6 4$ "'# 8" 8 Z '35 $6 &$ (=( ! 6 $8(""'8 3'8( "$ "('? $(8'8 '5 ='6( 5 ? E4!Z S(=" 4 5 ' 'B ? 8$# , '3$4!W( ' 659 V N S(5 V (3$#'# S(5 V «6' ='5'6», "$ ' '=E( '" ' 64( $459, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 4Z?'6$ !59 &$6 $8 (8"EV 6'4'5 "$ W(( ;""E <$=(" "'B. 7' N ' "(6'&8'M"'; D'45 'B (3 ", ?'=!?$ 8(M3 V 3'M" '8, ' '=EB 6$459 =$5' 'B S(="'B &(84 , ?(4'#' (4$, #'4 ?'#' 5"(#$, &(4("EV '4(B, =-
217
="EV '?4$ '6, 8'=$4 5 '8, 6(=M3$6W 8, S ' V 3'M(5 6(""EB 6E8E5(4 #=(V'6(", $ 5 55 6' ?(&"=$65 6(""', - ?'=!?$ N $ W4$ 6 '3"'8 '8 M( S(4'6( (. C'S "99 4 , =' '6(3 9 4 , D'45 'B =6$459 "$ (=( '= 65(8 5 "(. > «;""( <$=(" "'B»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«;""$ <$=(" "$»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b8 ( 59. f "(#' "( $=E, 6 = 55 '8 9&E ( '"' 5 ' '3 "' ', '5'?"9 '8 ' 3= # V 54'6, "(&E?4(8'(, $ 5 $4$, 4 W! 58 "'( 5V'35 6' 5 '="(8 54'6$ «5 '9 !» 8(=A$( 6 # 5 '8 ?4(5 ( N 'B =(36(S"'B #='8$3E. Y'4!W "5 6' = 55 V 5$ (4(B 5 =$W"' &$" 8$4 (( 'S"EB $3=(5 ' '&"$6$ (4!"E( &"$ . R W " 8E54 4 (( $ ?4$#'='3"EB 8=$8'= 6 4 S$V 6(4 S$6'#' 5'4"A$. i'5 '(65 B, 5 4!"' 5 $6W B (8 $ V 3'M" , 6 3(4 6 "(B "(S ' M$5"'(, 5'5 '9[(( & ='6 54(&, 5 (= ' $. j(V'6 "( 56'-
218
3 4 5 "(( 8" 8'-&$#$3'S"'#' 6ǭ$, V' 9 S 3 4'5!, S ' '" 'S$='6$" ?4( 4E8 3( '=$A 98 M &" . D'45 'B W(4 5 "( "$ ='4'8, 5 4'" 6 #'4'6 5M$6 4$ , = V'3 4 ' '3"'M Z =(5 $, ' 5'?5 6(""'8 56'(8 '3"'M Z.
***
%3"' & (#' ' =E B ' 5 =$""'B 54 S$B"'5 5 '4!&" 4' ' 6" 8$" 9 = '6. %" ' =E4 - $ " '#3$ "( &"$6 '? N '8 - 8( '3 &'?=$M(" 9 M &" , ' '=EB 'S"(( 65(#' 5'' 6( 5 6 ( "$W(8 =(35 $64(" Z ' "(B. %" - (3 "5 6(""EB 8"( &6(5 "EB 5$ (4!, S! S$5E "( ' 5 $Z "( '?#'"9Z ?(5S 54(""E( S$5E (#' S $ (4(B. >(4 ( V 3'M" 65(#3$ ' 4 S$4 5! &'='5 !Z, 6 '8, S ' = "9 ' "$&E6$ ! «=($4 &8'8» '45 '65 V ' 5$" B, 8"'# ( =(6&'W4 (#'. e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c( 6"E8 6=(8("(8. >" 8$(4!"E( S $ (4 &$8( 4 , S ' 6 «>'B"( 8 =(» 3( =$5 4 54 W '8 ?E5 =', 4 54 W '8 8(34(""', $ M(, $ 6 «\(= 6EV 3 W$V», #3(, "(58' =9 "$ = 5 $4!"'( 6" 8$" ( :'#'49 '5 Z8$8 #(='(6, j S '6 6 =$&#$= 4( $ =$&# 4 6$( 6 8(36(M!(B W ?(. > «;""( <$=(" "'B» $6 '=$ ' 3(4' &$"'5 "$ 5 '4!& 'B 3'='#( 6=(8(" . 7' N 8(4 ( ='8$V " S ! "( 8(W$Z D'45 '8 (=(3$ ! (#' V'3, 5$8 (#' 5 ["'5 !, 5 '4! 5'-
219
&6 S" Z S $ (4!5 '8 6'5 = 9 Z. YE4 3= # ( 5$ (4 , ' ='6(""' 5 =(8 6W (59 (=(3$ ! N ' 36 M(" (: $ , R= 5 = 6'3 #(='9 ='8$"$ «> ' 5 $V =$S(""'#' 6=(8(" » "$ '54(3" B 56( 5 B '?(3, ' , 6 39 56' V &"$ '8EV 6 5(=EV $= $V, 63= # '" 8$( , S ' 5(=E( $= - ='5 ' 5(3E( 6'4'5E, S ' N 4Z3 5'5 $= 4 5!, ' $ '" (W(5 6'6$4 6 #4 ?! 56'(B $89. 24 '?=$ (, "$ = 8(=, 6" 8$" (, $ iM(B85 iM'B5 '?V'3 59 5 6=(8("(8 6 «f4 55(», '#3$ Y4 8 5 $( 4'S' ? 8$# ' 8'5 $ 8'5 6" & ' @ bb & 3 ?4 "5 'B ? V E 6 ' ($" 6(S"'5 . 7' 3$M( N 5$ (4 "( 3'? 6$Z 59 '#', S(#' 3'5 #$( D'45 'B, (=(3$6$9 (S(" ( 6=(8(" $ ?E "(6&"$S$B, 8 8'V'3'8. >=(89 " V (S( 4 8(34(""((, 4 ?E5 =((, S(8 W4 S$5E 6$W(#' 3(3$, - N ' 6=(89 « ' R= 5 » 4 « ' iM'B5 », $ "( '?ES"'(, "'=8$4!"'( S(4'6(S(5 '( 6=(89, ' '='( 3$6$4'5! (=(3$ ! D'45 '8 . 7( 3 6 (4!"' 'N '8 , S ' 'M 4E( 4Z3 6 X'55 , ?(5(3 9 &$ 6(S(=" 8 S$(8, #'6'=9 ' #(='9V D'45 '#' $ ' 5'6(=W(""' =($4!"EV 4Z39V, 'V'M V "$ V &"$ '8EV, ? 3 ' '" 6 =98! $"A(6$4 "$ ?$4 5 < , ;""'B 4 7$ $W(B 4 '?(3$4 5 %?4'"5 8 6 (#' 4Z? 8'8 =(5 '=$"(. j $ (498 D'45 'B $M( 59 6(4 $"'8 6'65( "( ' '8 , S ' 3= # ( 5$ (4 =93'8 5 " 8 $=4 , $ ' '8 , S ' '" 65(#3$ 5 ' 6='6("! 5 "$8 , 3( 5 "$8 6 "'# , " '#' "( '?#'"99 "$ V'3 . e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
220
3'6'4!"' S$5 ', '#3$ "$ =' 9M(" 8"'# V, 96"' '?'S"EV 5 =$" A '?c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
***
%?ES"' 9 "( (=(5 $&E6$Z 5ZM( $, "' 349 «;""E <$=(" "'B» 53(4$Z 5 4ZS(" (, $ $ 5ZM( (( ' = ='3( 56'(B "=$65 6(""EB. a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a $ 4Z?'6! (=(6'=$S 6$( (( M &"! - ((=! 65(, "$ S ' '"$ 58' = , 6 3 59 (B 6 3= #'8 56( (.
221
> &"$8(" 'B 5A("(, '#3$ <$=(" " 65 =(S$( (( "$ ((=? =#5 '8 6' &$4(, '"$ 63= # &$8(S$( , $ '=S$ "(#' W . X$"!W( '"$ " '#3$ "( '?=$[$4$ "$ " V 6" 8$" 9, ' '8 S ' " '#3$ "( '#493E6$4$ (#' = S(5 , '" ?E4 "(' c(84(8'B S$5 !Z 'B M &" , ' '= Z '"$ ?(&'#'6'='S"' = " 8$4$. D( (=! 65( &8(" 4'5!. g( 5 =$5 ! >='"5 '8 - ' ' ?(4'#' 56( $, 6 ' '='8 (( =(M" B 8 = 6 3 59 (B 8(= 6E8 (B&$M(8 "$ 6E8(=W(B 4$"( (. ;""$ "( '?ES"$9 M("[ "$, "( ='5 ' '?=$&(A M("5 6(""'5 , N ' "$ =$ #4 ?' $9, '4"$9 5'5=(3' 'S(""'#' 5(=!(&"'#' "=$65 6(""'#' S 65 6$, 65( 6 "(B &"$S (4!"' #4 ?' ', 6 '8 S 54( (( 4Z?'6!. %"$ "( 8'M( 6(5 36'B" Z M &"!, 6 ' 4 S ( ' 3= #'B #(=' " ='8$"$, "9# " Y( 5 . g( =$63 6$9 5 =$5 "$9 "$ =$ "( 3' 5 $( '?8$"$ $B". %"$ " S ! "( 'V'M$ "$ a88 Y'6$= , ='6 "A $4!" Z b$" $&(= , 5(" 8("$4!" Z =$5 " A , ='? =$Z[ Z59 63'4! '5E $Z[ V59 5 (" '5 (498 S(=(3 Z[ V59 4Z?'6" '6. ;""$ ' 3$( >='"5 '8 65Z M &"!, =(W$( 59 =$55 $ !59 5 '?'M$(8E8 5E"'8 - "(58' =9 "$ (=&$" 9, ' '=EV (B N ' 5 ' (&M$( 5 >='"5 8 5"$S$4$ 6 2 $4 Z, ''8 - 6 (#' 8(" ( 6 k(" =$4!"'B X'55 , V' 9 N $ «' =E $9» 569&! 3(4$( (( ?(&"=$65 6(""'B M("[ "'B 6 #4$&$V ?(&"=$65 6(""'#' 56( $. (> ' =(3(4(""'8 58E54( ' "(B 8'M"' 5 $&$ !, S ' '"$ '5 [(5 6 4$ 8(S a88E, ' '=$9 V' (4$ 5?(M$ ! 5 X'3'4!b'8, "' a88$ "( &"$( 8 =$55 $6$" 9 5 5E"'8, N 'B 8$4("! 'B M("[ "( "(6(3'8E #=E&(" 9 5'6(5 .) <'"S$( 59 (8, S ' ;""$ >='"5 B 6'&6=$[$Z 59 6 #'='3. @ A(8(="'( '?[(5 6' W' ='6$"' "( 5 '4! ' (( 569&!Z, 5 '4! ' '4"E8 =("(?=(M(" (8 56( 5 8 = 4 S 98. > ' 6=(89 $ ;""$ "(5( "$ 5(?( 65Z 9M(5 ! '?[(5 6(""'#' "(#'3'6$" 9 ('"$ " M("$ '5 '=?4("$, =$5' $"$ «=$&3$64("$»), >='"5 B, 8 MS "$ "( 'S("! #4 ?' B, ?(&3$="EB 6' 65(8, "' 56( 5 B, '4! ' 6E #=E6$( ' 5 $"3$4$, (#' = #4$W$Z '65Z3 , '" = M 59 6 6 V=( 56( 5 'B M &" , 65 =(S$( 59 5 ?E6W 8 3= &!98 , (#' =(35 $649Z 6"(W"( = 4 S"E8 3$8$8, ' '=E( "$ 8 " "( '5 $" 59 =93'8 5 ' '&'=(""'B ;""'B. %" 65( ([( 4Z? ;"" , "' '3S$5 (#' 9"(
222
5 '= 56( 5 8 =$&64(S(" 98, 6=(89 ' 6=(8(" '" "( ' $&E6$( 5(?( 6 " V. ;""$ 5 '4 '6E6$( N 8(4( &8("E $ &"$ (#' 'V4$M3(" 9 "(B. %"$ S 65 6 ( , S ' 8'M( ' (=9 ! (#'. >='"5 B, 6(= ' =$V 5 4'5 8 6''?=$M(" (8, "$S "$( 9#' !59 (( =(6"'5 !Z, S(8 '4! ' 5 4 6$( (( '3'&=(" 9. >. 7$?' '6 '5 $6 4 6 5 '? $V 54(3 Z[ B $?&$A:< <'"(S"' M(, '" "(5=$6"(""' ?'4(( '" B S(4'6( , S(8 #= ?EB 4Z?'6" a88E, "' 65( M( 6 "E( 8 " E, '#3$ (#' 6'&4Z?4(""'B 54 S$Z 59 65 EW =$&3=$M(" 9, '" 6 '4"( 8'M( 5 $&$ ! =' 5(?9 5 " '"$A (B X'3'4!b$: «DE (=9(W! 6=(89, 8'9 3(6'S $». > i'6(3(""$9 3' ' S$9" 9 #=9&!Z 8(=&'5 !Z, 6 ' '='B '"( (( 4Z?'6!, '3"$M3E 8$B5 8 6'5 =(5"E8 6(S(='8 ;""$ ?='5$( 59 '3 '4(5$ '6$="'#' '(&3$. >='"5 B '" 8$( 54 W '8 '&3"', S ' '" =$ 4. >(5!8$ 5 $349 "(#' 349 D'45 '#' "$S "$( 59 = 55 '- =(A $9 6'B"$, 6 1876 #. '" ' ?E6$( "$ b='" 5 3'?='6'4!"E8 ' '4S(" (8. 7$6(="'(, N ' (3 "5 6(""EB &$ =([(""EB = (8 6 ='8$"(: 54 W '8 M '" ='5 , 54 W '8 5 $ '36(=" 459. R$=$44(4!"$9 4 " 9 6 ='8$"(, =$&6 6$Z[$959 $ ? 3 ' 5'6(=W(""' "(&$6 5 8', - 4 " 9 @(6 "$ "9M"E < }(=?$A 'B, (#' V$M 6$" ( M(" !?$. @(6 " - 5$8EB $6 '? '#=$b S(5 B #(='B D'45 '#', S(4'6( 5 6E5' 8 "=$65 6(""E8 A(""'5 98 5'6(5 !Z 5 ?'4!W'B ? 6E. C'6(5 ! "( 3$( (8 ' '9 " "$ 8 " . @(6 " ' 3$4(""' "( 'V'M "$ >='"5 '#'. >='"5 B M 6( '4! ' =$3 3'64( 6'=(" 9 56' V M(4$" B. i' 65 =(S 5 ;""'B '" 6(3( '?[( = "9 EB '?=$& M &" , 3$M( 6 4Z?6 '" #' '6 &$8(" ! 6E5' ( 3($4E 54'6"'5 98 56'(#' = #$. ; @(6 " - S(4'6( , 5S $Z[ B 56' 8 3'4#'8 '5 #$ ! ' = M$Z[ B 8 = "$B 6 "(8 56'( 8(5 '. R'N '8 (#' 6" =(""99 = ='3$ '5 '9""' 8("9( 59, '" 3 V'6"' =$5 ( "$ =' 9M(" 65(#' ='8$"$, '" '3" 8$( 59 3' (V =(4 # '&"EV 3($4'6, ' '=E( 6 N ' 6=(89 D'45 'B 6E=$?$ E6$4 349 5(?9.
223
X93'8 5 N 8 #4$6"E8 #(='98 3(B5 6 Z 3= # ( (=5'"$M . C 6$ %?4'"5 B, 4(# '8E54(""EB, " S(8"EB ?=$ ;""E; (#' M("$ i'44 , ='M3(""$9 }(=?$A $9, 3'?=$9, 5(=!(&"$9, 55 =$3$6W$959 M("[ "$, '3"$ & 3($4!"EV #(=' "! D'45 '#', 659 M &"! ' '='B ' 3$"$ 3( 98 "(5"'5"'8 8 M ; 5(8!9 }(=?$A V, '3"$ & 5 $= ""EV 8'5 '65 V $= 5 ' =$ S(5 V b$8 4 B; 8$ ! >='"5 '#' A(4$9 #$4(=(9 =(35 $6 (4(B ( (=? =#5 '#' 56( 5 '#' '?[(5 6$. R( (=? =#5 B 56( =(& ' ' 4 S$( 59 ' 8'5 '65 '#'. \'5 6$ - 3'?=EB, 3'8$W" B, 4(" 6EB, $ = $=V$4!"EB, 5 $=EB #'='3, R( (=? =# &E5 $""$9, V'4'3"$9, 'b A $4!"$9, 8'3"$9 5=$6" (4!"' 8'4'3$9 5 '4 A$, #3( 9 5$8 ='3 459 30 4( 5 59. <'"(S"', "(4!&9 &$?E ! ' <$=(" "(, 8 M( #4$6"'B #(=' " , 5 V'8, 3'?=' '=93'S"'8 #'5 '3 "(, M(5 ' '8 6 56' V V'4'3"EV 3'?='3( (49V, 3($4!"'8 #'5 3$=5 6(""'8 54 M$[(8, '5"'8 ?Z=' =$ (, 4 A(8(=( =$"(, 'V' "' = " 8$Z[(8 '33(4!" Z 8'=$4! 56'(#' = #$. > "E( 8 " E '" 5 '5'?(" "$ 3'?=E( '=E6E, "$ W =' B M(5 , "' ?E5 =' &$?E6$( '? N '8 =$3 " V "( 8'M( '5 !59 56'(B $=!(='B. f '5 (4 ;""E, ([( "( ' =$6 6W(B59 '54( ='3'6 6(=(""'B 6 ?4 & 'B 58(= ( ' '=$9, '3"$ ', (( 8 " ( ), <$=(" " ='[$( >='"5 '#' 'M 8$( (8 = 5 5 ""E8 V= 5 $"5 8 58 =(" (8 6(4 '3 W (8. >5 '=( '" ' 9 ! &8(" 59, 5 $"( V'4'3"E8 "( = 6( 4 6E8, "' 6 N ' 8 # ?4 &'5 ! 58(= 65( 8("9( , 6 #4 ? "( 3 W ;""$ 4Z? (#' $ M(, $ >='"5 '#': '?' V &'6 ;4( 5(98 , '?$ '" 5"9 59 (B 6' 5"( $ 5 " (( M &" . g#' 5 =(""'5 ! 3'?=' $ ='349 59 "(3'4#', '#3$ <$=(" " ' E $( 59 3'? !59 =$&6'3$ ( ' '=EB "( 'S("! &8(" 4 ?E (#' M &"!, "' $ 8"'#' &"$S 349 ;""E) 63= # 5 '4 "( 59 5 "( = 9 "E8 '54'M"(" 98 , '" ='5 '-"$ ='5 ' ' $M( 59 3(B5 6'6$ ! 3$4!W(, " "$ 8 " "( &$3 8$6W 5! ' '8, S ' &"$S 349 ;""E (#' ' $&. Y'4(( '#', '" "$V'3 3'6'4!5 6 ( 6 56'(B =$6(3"'5 . %3"$ & 6(4 S$BW V " # ' 4Z?6 6 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =(, «;""$ <$=(" "$» - "( '4! ' ='8$"- " = #$. D'45 '#' #4 ?' ' 6'4"'6$4 6' ='5E "=$65 6(""'5 $ 5$8E( 6$M"E(, 6(S"E( '?[(S(4'6(S(5 (. 2 6' $ $9 "=$65 6(""$9 3(9 &$4'M("$ 6 «;""( <$=(" "'B» - 6'-
224
65( "( $, S ' 6ES $( "(?=(M"EB S $ (4!. \'=$4! "( 6 '8, S ' ;""$ 3'4M"$ 4$ ! &$ &8(" 8 M (6 &6(5 "'8 58E54( $ 8'M"' 5b'=8 4 ='6$ ! 8'=$4!, 4(M$[ Z "$ 5$8'8 3"( «\$3$8 Y'6$= »). i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h(" !?$ @(6 "$ '5"'6$"$ "$ 8( $b & S(5 '8, $ "( b & S(5 '8 =(35 $64(" ' 4Z?6 , "$ #''6"'5 5$8' 'M(= 6'6$" Z, "$ 6&$ 8"'8 6$M(" . C'Z& ;""E >='"5 '#' '5"'6$" 4 W! "$ b & S(5 'B 4Z?6 ' '8 '?=(S(". 7$ (=6EB 6ǭ 8'M( ' $&$ !59, S ' '?[(5 6' ' $=$4' ;"" &$ 4Z?'6! S(4'6( , ' '=EB "( ?E4 (B 8 M(8. <'"(S"', $ '#' ='3$ «8'=$4!» 5'6(=W(""' «$8'=$4!"$», "( #'6'=9 M( ' V 3'M(5 6(""'B "(3'5 '6(="'5 , 6(3! 3= # V =(35 $6 (4!" A 56( $, '#' M( 6E5W(#' '?[(5 6$ 5 '4! ' #'3"' 4Z?'6"EV 569&(B, '4! ' $B"EV, « '3 (8"'B 6 $4!Z». (>5 '8" ( 5 "ZZ 6 $4! a88E 6' 6=(89 (( ='# 4 5 X'3'4!b'8 S(=" Z 6 $4! 6' 6=(89 56 3$" 9 5 @('"'8.) 7' S(5 "$9 "(5S$5 "$9 ;""$ "( "$3(6$( N 'B 6 $4 , S '?E 5 =E ! '?8$". ^$ '"E '?[(5 6$ 6=(8(""E, D'45 '#' M( " (=(5 Z 6(S"E( ='?4(8E. 2 6' (#' "$5 '9[ B "=$65 6(""EB 6E6'3: 4Z?'6! "( 8'M( ?E ! '4! ' b & S(5 'B, ?' '#3$ '"$ N#' 5 S"$, $ N#' 5 S"$9 4Z?'6! "( 5'& 3$( , $ =$&= W$( . ^"$S , '"$ #=(V'6"$. D'45 'B-V 3'M" 5 = 5 [(B (8 5 4'B '?=$&"'#' 6 3(" 9 5=$6" 6$( 36( 4Z?6 , 5 $69 V =93'8 =' 6' '5 $6499 3= # 3= # : b & S(5 Z 4Z?'6! >='"5 '#' ;""E (?!Z[ Z59 6 5 $V 5 4!"'B S 65 6(""'5 , "' '?=(S("" Z ?(&3 V'6" Z) '34 "" Z, 5 ""' V= 5 $"5 Z ( $ (( "$&E6$( D'45 'B) 4Z?'6! @(6 "$ < , 'M( S 65 6("" Z, "' = N '8 5'4"("" Z #$=8'" , S 5 ' E, 5$8'' 6(=M(""'5 , "(M"'5 , =$63E 5(8(B"'#' 5'#4$5 9.
225
a #=$b & Y ?4 : «\"( ' 8[(" (, ;& 6'&3$8» (#'6'= :'5 '3!). «R'54$" ( X 849"$8», #4. 12, 5 . 19. j ' N ' &"$S ? >'- (=6EV, '?[(5 6' "( 8(4' =$6$ 5 3 ! ;"" , 6'-6 '=EV, ;""$ "( 8(4$ =$6$ "$ $&E6$ ! >='"5 '#', 5'6(=W$9 5$8' ? B5 6'.
***
iM'&(b <'"=$3, $"#4 B5 B ='8$" 5 '4!5 '#' =' 5V'M3(" 9, 6 5!8( ' 10 Z"9 1902 #. a3 $=3 :$="( , 5$ (4Z 5=(3"(B = , '?8'46 459: «7$ '8" '?' 8"( 56'(B M("(, S(B (=(6'3 «;""E <$=(" "'B» 8"( $M( 59 6(4 '4( "E8. % 5$8'B M( " #( 9 "(6E5''#' 8"(" 9, $ S ' (=(6'3 = 3$4 (B "( ' '='#' ?4(5 $». d " '#3$ "( ='[ <'"=$3 N '#' 6&3'=$. 7$ 5$8'8 3(4( (=(6'3 :$="( 'S("! 54$?EB. 7$ =$5"' 8E ? 3(8 5 $ ! "$ 5 =$" A$V ='8$"$ D'45 '#' 5 5"EV b4'?(='65 V (=(V'3'6 6 #4$6$V ' '3"'#' #(='9 3= #'8 . C = =$ «;""E <$=(" "'B» ?'4(( =$3 A '""$, V' 9 " #$ "$ 5$"$ S(=(& 20 4( '54( «\$3$8 Y'6$= ». X$&#'6'= 8(M3 (=5'"$M$8 5 '8 "$" (8 3= # V 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A, #(=' - '5=(3" , 5 =$ 6$Z[ ( 65 =(S #4$6"EV #(='(6, - $ '6E "(V =E( '3S$5 3'6'4!"' ' '="E( = (8E D'45 '#'. g[( ='[( (#' =(& ( (=(V'3E ' #4$6E #4$6( = 58("( 3( '=$A B. X'8$" 5'5 ' & 8 S$5 (B, $ $M3$9 S$5 ! - 6 5=(3"(8 & 30 '=' V #4$6 ' 4 5 =$" AE. ;6 '= 5 $6 5(?( A(4!Z ='54(3 ! 36( #4$6"E( 4 " : @(6 "$ - < >='"5 '#' - ;""E, V' 9 5 [(5 6 ( =( !9, '3S "(""$9 '5=(3" S(5 $9 4 " 9 %?4'"5 '#' - i'44 , #=$Z[$9 '5'? Z ='4! 6 5 = =( ='8$"$ = &6$""$9 '-=$&"'8 569&$ ! 36( #4$6"E( 4 " . C 6$ %?4'"5 B i'44 #=$Z ='4! '5=(3" '6 8(M3 @(6 "E8 < , ;""'B (( 8 M(8. Y'4(( '#', ' $ @(6 " 6(3( V'4'5 9A Z M &"!, $6 '= ='6'3 '" Z $=$44(4! 8(M3 i'44 %?4'"5 'B 4(6 "5 8 3($4'8 8$ (= , ' '=EB '" "$B3( 349 56' V 5'?5 6(""EV 3( (B 6 < . <='8( '#', =$&#'6'= 5 =(5 !9" 'B $M( 59 i'44 $8 M( S 3'8, $ @(6 " - =$&#'6'= 5 8 M '8 ' 5(4!-
226
5 '8 V'&9B5 6(. i(B5 6 ( ='8$"$ "$S "$( 59 6 b(6=$4( 1872 #. ='3'4M$( 59 3' Z"9 1876 #.: ='V'3 6 '?[(B 54'M"'5 S( E=( 5 '4'6 "'B #'3$. %"' (=(8([$( 59 & \'5 6E 6 R( (=? =# =$&6 6$( 59 6 S( E=(V '8(5 !9V ( '8(5 !( 5 $='B #=$b " >='"5 'B '3 \'5 6'B $ M( #=$( ' =(3(4("" Z ='4! 6 " #(, V' 9 8E (#' " =$& "( 6 3 8). > (=6'B S$5 ='8$"$ #4$6"$9 (8$ - 5 $"3$4 6 3'8( %?4'"5 V, 5 ' '='#' 65( "$S "$( 59, 6 '='5 ( (""$9 (8$ - =( #'4!" < - @(6 " - >='"5 B. i6$ 4(B 8' 6$, 36( #4$6"E( (8E - &8("$ %?4'"5 '#' =$&=E6 < 5 >='"5 8 &-&$ (#' 64(S(" 9 ;""'B; - N ' 65 4(" ( =$# S(5 'B (8( >='"5 '#' ;""E, ' '=$9 "( &$6(=W 59 $ #4$3 ', $ (= ( %?4'"5 '#' i'44 4 5 =$3$" 9 < . i'44 65 '=( ='[$( 56'(#' 6(='4'8"'#' 8 M$ & 4Z?6 "(8 =$3 9 (=EV 3( (B, $ $ M( ' '8 , S ', ' 8"(" Z D'45 '#', 36'( M("$ EV 8"'#'3( "EV 4Z3(B "$6( 569&$"E &$ '"'8. j(=(& 36$ #'3$ '54( =$&=E6$ 5 >='"5 8 < 6EV'3 &$8 M &$ @(6 "$, "$S "$( 59 3($4!"EB 5 'S &=(" 9 D'45 '#' ?=$ . 7' ;""$, 5 $6W$9 4Z?'6" A(B >='"5 '#' '54( 3(59 8(59A(6 (#' V$M 6$" B, (=(M 6$( =$V 56'(B 5(8(B"'B M &" S(=(& S( E=( #'3$ '54( "$S$4$ " # 5'6(=W$( 5$8' ? B5 6'. >. 7$?' '6 6ES(= " 4 54(3 Z[(( =(34'M(" (: «7 M"' ' 8( !, S ' ;""$, 5 $ 'B 8 3='5 !Z $ '8 '8 = 6W$9 '55'= 6W V59 5 = #'6, '3"'6=(8(""' = "'5 &4', ' '= 6 >='"5 '#' =$&= W 6 (#' '8'46 5 < ». «>5( 5S$5 4 6E( 5(8! 'V'M 3= # "$ 3= #$, "(5S$5 4 6$9 5(8!9 "(5S$5 4 6$ '-56'(8 .
$M3$9
>5( 58(W$4'5! 6 3'8( %?4'"5 V. h("$ &"$4$, S ' 8 M ?E4 6 569& 5 ?E6W(Z 6 V 3'8( b=$"A M(" 'Z# 6(="$" 'B, '?c96 4$ 8 M , S ' "( 8'M( M ! 5 " 8 6 '3"'8 3'8(. R'4'M(" ( N ' ='3'4M$4'5! M( =( B 3("! 8 S (4!"' S 65 6'6$4'5! 5$8 8 5 = #$8 , 65(8 S4("$8 5(8! , 3'8'S$3A$8 . >5( S4("E 5(8! 3'8'S$3AE S 65 6'6$4 , S ' "( 58E54$ 6 V 5'M (4!5 6( S ' "$ $M3'8 '5 '94'8 36'=( 54 -
227
S$B"' 5'W(3W (59 4Z3 ?'4(( 569&$"E 8(M3 5'?'B, S(8 '" , S4("E 5(8! 3'8'S$3AE %?4'"5 V. h("$ "( 6EV'3 4$ & 56' V '8"$ , 8 M$ =( B 3("! "( ?E4' 3'8$. i( ?(#$4 ' 65(8 3'8 , $ ' (=9""E(; $"#4 S$" $ '55'= 4$5! 5 N '"'8 'B "$ 5$4$ &$ 5 = 9 (4!" A(, ='59 = 5 $ ! (B "'6'( 8(5 '; '6$= W(4 6S(=$ 5' 36'=$, 6' 6=(89 5$8'#' '?(3$; S(="$9 V$= $ S(= ='5 4 =$5S( $. «i'8 - 3'8 - 3'8: '4' '4!"EB &6'" 5(8(B"'B (8E 3'8, 3'8'S$3AE. D'45 'B ' ='6(""' 3$( "$8 4ZS "$ (=6'B M( 5 =$" A( ='8$"$: (8$ 3'8$, (8$ 5(8! ». (2& &$ 5"EV " M( 7$?' '6$.) 7$ =( B 3("! '54( 55'=E "9&! C ( $" ;= $3! S %?4'"5 B - C 6$, $ (#' &6$4 6 56( (, - 6 '?ES"EB S$5, ' (5 ! 6 6'5(8! S$5'6 =$, ='5" 459 "( 6 5 $4!"( M("E, $ 6 56'(8 $? "( (, "$ 5$b!9""'8 3 6$"(. %" '6(=" 4 56'( '4"'(, 6EV'4(""'( (4' "$ = M "$V 3 6$"$, $ ?E M(4$9 ' 9 ! &$5" ! "$3'4#', 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E =( ' '?"94 '3 W = M$459 "(B [( 'B; "' 63= # 65 'S 4, 5(4 "$ 3 6$" ' =E4 #4$&$. «i$, 3$, $ N ' ?E4'? - 3 8$4 '", 65 '8 "$9 5'". - i$, $ N ' ?E4'? i$! ;4$? " 3$6$4 '?(3 6 i$=8W $3 (; "( , "( 6 i$=8W $3 (, $ S '- ' $8(= $"5 '(. i$, "' $8 i$=8W $3 ?E4 6 ;8(= (. i$, ;4$? " 3$6$4 '?(3 "$ 5 ( 49""EV 5 '4$V, 3$, 5 '4E (4 : Il mio tesoro, "( Il mio tesoro, $ S '- ' 4 SW(, $ (- ' 8$4("! ( #=$b "S , '" M( M("[ "E». C'" C 6E - ='3 "(4'# S"'B '8? "$A , '5 (W"' 6EV6$S(""'B & M &" '5 $"'6[ '8 5"'6. 7( '3 8$B (, S ' N 5 '4E ='5 ' ' =E E 5 ( 4'8 - '" A(4 '8 53(4$"E & 5 ( 4$. :=$b "S , $4!9"5 '( (" ( 6 ' M( 6=(89 M("[ "E 6 '?=$&( #=$b "S '6 - '3"' & (V 4$ '" S"EV 5'S( $" B, ' '='( S$5 ' 5 '4!& ( 4Z? (4!- '5 $"'6[ . a ' = 9 "EB 5'", 5 '4! = 9 "EB, S ' '" 6'3 ' =($4!"'5 . C 6$ ='5E $( 59 "( 6 5 = M(5 'B '5 (4 , "' 6 W 56'(#' $? "( $. %3"$ ' "( N ' 5$8'( " (=(5"'(. C$8'( 4Z?' E "'( &$4ZS$( 59 6 '8, S ' $6 '= 5 5"' &'?=$M$( 4(# '8E54("" Z "(&$ (B4 6 Z, =$5 " Z, N =(B5 Z
228
= ='3 C 6E S(=(& = &8 (#' 5"$. a ' 5 '5'? =(35 $6 ! %?4'"5 '#': 8E &"$ '8 859 5 " 8 S(=(& (#' 5'". 2 ([( 5'" 5 8$4("! 8 'Z[ 8 M("[ "$8 ? 3( =$& (4!"' "( 'V'M "$ 5'" 5 ?'=8'S [ 8 8 M S '8, ''=EB = 5" 59 ;""( >='"5 '8 .
***
\E ='3'4M 8 "$W( 554(3'6$" ( '#', $ ( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 4(#4 6 '5"'6 5"$, = 5" 6W(#'59 >='"5 '8 ;""( 6 54(3 Z[ V S$5 9V ='8$"$. C$8'( &"$S (4!"'( & " V ' "'5 59 ' 6=(8(" (( = (&3$ 6 \'5 6 65 =(S 5 >='"5 8. «7$ 3= #'B 3("!, 6 11 S$5'6 =$, >='"5 B 6E(V$4 "$ 5 $"A Z R( (=? =#5 'B M(4(&"'B 3'='# 65 =(S$ ! 8$ !, (=6'( 4 A', ' $6W((59 (8 "$ 5 ("! $V ?'4!W'B 4(5 " AE, ?E4 %?4'"5 B, 'M 3$6W B 5 N 8 M( '(&3'8 5(5 = . - ;! >$W( 5 9 (4!5 6'! - =
" 4 %?4'"5
B. - DE &$ (8?
- d &$ 8$ W 'B, - 4E?$95!, $ 65(, ' 65 =(S$459 5 %?4'"5 8, ' 6(S$4 >='"5 B, 'M 8$9 (8 = , 68(5 ( 5 " 8 6&'W(4 "$ 4(5 " A . - %"$ "E"S( 3'4M"$ ?E ! & R( (=? =#$. - ; 9 (?9 M3$4 3' 36 V S$5'6. < 3$ M( '(V$4 ' }(=?$A
V?
- i'8'B, - ' 6(S$4 >='"5 B. - R= &"$ !59, 8"( $ ?E4' = 9 "' 6S(=$ '54( }(=?$A V, S ' " 3$ "( V' (4'5!. - f&"$Z '"(B =( 6EV ' $ 8- ' V $6=$8, Z"'W(B 64Z?4(""EV &"$Z ' V #4$&$8, - ='3( 4$8 ='6$4 C ( $" ;= $3! S 'S"' $ M(, $ =(M3( @(6 " . >='"5 B 4E?" 459 5 $ 8 6 3'8, S ' '" "( ' =( $( 59 ' N '#', "' ' S$5 M( (=(8(" 4 =$&#'6'=. - ; E '#' 65 =(S$(W!? - 5 ='5 4 '". - d? 9 V'='W("! - >'
Z M("[ " , - 5 $&$4 %?4'"5
B.
$ !
- Honni soit qui mal y pense! C(5 = ;"" .
229
- ;V, N ' <$=(" " ? - 5 $&$4 >='"5
B.
- DE ((, 6(="', &"$(W!?
- <$M( 59, &"$Z. 24 "( ... R=$6', "( '8"Z, - =$55(9""' ' 6(S$4 >='"5 B, 58 "' =(35 $6499 5(?( = 8(" <$=(" "'B S '- ' S' '="'( 5 S"'(. - 7' ;4( 5(9 ;4( 5$"3='6 S$, 8'(#' &"$8(" &"$(W!. g#' 6(5! 8 = &"$( .
'#' &9 9, 6(="',
- D' (5 ! &"$Z ' =( $A ' 6 3 . ^"$Z, S ' '" 8"EB, S("EB, ?'M(5 6(""EB S '- '... 7' E &"$(W!, N ' "( 6 8'(B... not in my line, - 5 $&$4 >='"5 B». «>='"5 B 'W(4 &$ '"3 '='8 6 6$#'" = 6V'3( 6 ' 3(4(" ( '5 $"'6 459, S '?E 3$ ! 3'='# 6EV'3 6W(B 3$8(. C = 6ES"E8 $ '8 56( 5 '#' S(4'6( $, ' '3"'8 6ǭ "$ 6"(W"'5 ! N 'B 3$8E, >='"5 B ' =(3(4 4 (( = "$34(M"'5 ! 6E5W(8 56( . %" &6 " 459 'W(4 ?E4' 6 6$#'", "' 'S 65 6'6$4 "('?V'3 8'5 ! ([( =$& 61" ! "$ "(( - "( ' '8 , S ' '"$ ?E4$ 'S("! =$5 6$, "( ' '8 &9[(5 6 5 ='8"'B #=$A , ' '=E( 6 3"E ?E4 6' 65(B (( b # =(, "' ' '8 , S ' 6 6E=$M(" 8 4'6 3"'#' 4 A$, '#3$ '"$ ='W4$ 8 8' (#', ?E4' S '- ' '5'?(""' 4$5 '6'( "(M"'(. <'#3$ '" '#49" 459, '"$ 'M( '6(=" 4$ #'4'6 . Y4(5 9[ (, $&$6W (59 (8"E8 ' # 5 EV =(5" A, 5(=E( #4$&$ 3= M(4Z?"', 6" 8$ (4!"' '5 $"'6 4 5! "$ (#' 4 A(, $ ? 3 ' '"$ = &"$6$4$ (#', ' S$5 M( (=("(54 5! "$ '3V'3 6W Z '4 , $ ?E [$ '#'- '. > N '8 '=' '8 6ǭ( >='"5 B 5 (4 &$8( ! 53(=M$"" Z 'M 64(""'5 !, ' '=$9 #=$4$ 6 (( 4 A( '=V$4$ 8(M3 ?4(5 9[ 8 #4$&$8 S ! &$8( "'B 4E? 'B, &# ?$6W(Z (( = 89"E( # ?E. <$ ? 3 ' &?E ' S(#'- ' $ (=( '4"94 (( 5 [(5 6', S ' 8 8' (( 6'4 6E=$M$459 ' 6 ?4(5 ( 6ǭ$, ' 6 4E? (. %"$ ' W 4$ 8EW4(""' 56( 6 #4$&$V, "' '" 56( 459 =' 6 (( 6'4 6 S ! &$8( "'B 4E? (». \$ ! >='"5 '#', (W(5 6 Z[$9 5 N 'B 3$8'B, ' (5 ! 5 ;""'B, =(35 $649( (B 56'(#' 5E"$. R'9649( 59 %?4'"5 B. ^$ (8, '#3$ 65( 6EV'39 , =' 5V'3 =$# S(5 B 54 S$B. (X'3'4!b 6 (=6E( 6 3 a88 "$3 $&'8 5 ='6!Z. >='"5 B 65 =(S$( 59 5 ;""'B 'M( "$3 ' ='6$64(""E8 (4'8.)
230
«...63= # "(5 '4! ' S(4'6( 5 5 #$""E8 4 A$8 ='?(M$4 8 8'. R='?(M$4 "$S$4!" 5 $"A 6 56'(B "('?E "'6(""'#' A6( $ b =$M (. (j(="'B =$5"'B.) %S(6 3"', S '- ' 54 S 4'5! "('?E "'6(""'(». %" &"$Z , S ' 5 '='M ?E4 ' 4 !9", ' 4 54 W '8 &$ $" ' 5 4!"'#' 8'='&$, "( 54EW$4 3 [(#' "$&$3 '(&3$, (#' =$&3$6 4'. ;""$ 5 =$W 6$( , "(4!&9 4 S '" ? 3! 53(4$ ! 349 63'6E "(#' ?'4!W$9 5(8!9; >='"5 B 61" 4 "$ "(( 5 $&$4 8$ (= , S ' '" 5 '=' 6(="( 59. R' '8 8E &"$(8, S ' '" (=(3$4 200 = ?4(B 349 5(8! '# ?W(#'. (%?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ &$8(W$6W(#'59 5 '='M$. a $ 58(= ! 5'(3 "9( 5 3!?E ;""E >='"5 '#'. >5( N '3='?"'5 "('?V'3 8E 349 '" 8$" 9 V 36'B"'#' 5"$.) «>EV'3 6W ( 4Z3 4'5!.
65( ([(
(=(#'6$= 6$4 5! ' '8, S ' 54 S -
- >' 58(= !- ' M$5"$9! - 5 $&$4 8 8'. - :'6'=9 , "$ 36$ 5 $.
$ 'B- ' #'5 '3 ",
='V'39
- d 3 8$Z, "$ =' 6, 5$8$9 4(# $9, 8#"'6(""$9, - &$8(4 3= #'B. (2 ;""$ &$ '8" 4$ (#' 54'6$.) - <$ N ' "( = 8
8(=, - #'6'= 4 =(
B.
<$=(" "$ 5(4$ 6 $=( , C ( $" ;= $3! S 5 3 64(" (8 6 3$4, S ' # ?E (( 3='M$ '"$ 5 = 3'8 3(=M 6$( 54(&E. - j ' 5 '?'B, ;""$? - 5 ='5 4 '", 5' 5$M(".
'#3$ '"
' c(V$4
"(5 '4! '
- i ="'( =(3&"$8("'6$" (, - 5 $&$4$ '"$.
- <$ ( 5 9 3'4M$( #'6'=
! - 5 $&$4 C ( $" ;= $3! S». 2 '" ='! ' '8, $ '" =$3, S ' '"$ = (V$4$.
%5 $4!"E( 6$M"E( 5'?E 9, 5'5 $649Z[ ( $"6 5"$, =' &'B3 '&M(. ;""$ 65 =(S$( >='"5 '#' "$ ?$4 $"A ( 5 " 8 - "' N ' 65(#' 4 W! 8 8'4( "$9 65 =(S$. %"$ 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 R( (=? =#, '8 = 6 i'44 5 ?=$ '8 C 6'B. «7 , 65( '"S("', 54$6$ Y'# !» ((( " (=(5 >='"5 '8 ) - ?E4$ (=6$9 8E54!, = W(3W$9 ;""( ;=$3!(6"(, '#3$ '"$ ='5 4$5! 6 '54(3" B =$& 5 ?=$'8, ' '=EB 3' =( !(#' &6'" $ &$#'=$M 6$4 5'?'Z 3'-
231
='# 6 6$#'"(. %"$ 5(4$ "$ 56'B 3 6$"S , =93'8 5 ;"" W 'B ((( #'=" S"$9), '#493(4$5! 6 '4 56( ( 5 $4!"'#' 6$#'"$. «C4$6$ Y'# , &$6 =$ 6 M C(=(M ;4( 5(9 ;4( 5$"3='6 S$, 'B3( 8'9 M &"!, V'='W$9 = 6ES"$9, '-5 $='8 ». >5( 6 '8 M( 3 V( '&$?'S(""'5 , 6 ' '='8 '"$ "$V'3 4$5! 6(5! N ' 3("!, ;""$ 5 3'6'4!5 6 (8 ' S( 4 6'5 !Z 5 =' 4$5! 6 3'='# ; 56' 8 8$4("! 8 4'6 8 = $8 '"$ ' (=4$ &$ (=4$ =$5"EB 8(W'S( , 3'5 $4$ '3 W(S , '4'M 4$ 5(?( "$ '4(" , $ =$ "' &$ $6 "'# , 5 ' 'B"' 5(4$5!. Y'4!"$9 3$8$ 4$3E6$4$5! M( 5 $ !. i6( 3= # ( 3$8E &$#'6$= 6$4 5 "(B, '45 $9 5 $= V$ E6$4$ "'# 6E=$M$4$ &$8(S$" 9 ' ' (. ;""$ ' 6( 4$ "(5 '4! ' 54'6 3$8$8, "', "( =(36 39 " (=(5$ ' =$&#'6'=$, ' ='5 4$ ;"" W 3'5 $ ! b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i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gB 54 W '8 5$8'B V' (4'5! M !. j $4$ 4 '"$, $ #(=' "9 ='8$"$ V$M 6$4$ &$ ?'4!"E8, (B V' (4'5! V'3 ! "(54EW"E8 W$#$8 ' '8"$ ( ?'4!"'#'; S $4$ 4 '"$ ' '8, $ S4(" $=4$8(" $ #'6'= 4 =(S!, (B
232
V' (4'5! #'6'= ! N =(S!; S $4$ 4 '"$ ' '8, $ 4(3 \(= (V$4$ 6(=V'8 &$ 5 $(B 3=$&" 4$ "(6(5 3 6494$ 65(V 56'(Z 58(4'5 !Z, (B V' (4'5! N ' 3(4$ ! 5$8'B. 7' 3(4$ ! "(S(#' ?E4', '"$, (=(? =$9 56' 8 8$4("! 8 = $8 #4$3 B "'M S( , 5 4 6$4$5! S $ !. (YE4$ 4 '"$ V'='W 8 S $ (4(8 5 "$W(B 'S &=(" 9? 7( "$ '8 "$( 4 (( 5' (=(M 6$" ( '8 , S ' =' 5V'3 6 " #(, 3= # Z #(=' "Z, a88 ?) :(='B ='8$"$ M( "$S "$4 3'5 #$ ! 56'(#' $"#4 B5 '#' 5S$5 9, ?$='"( 5 6$ 8(" 9, ;""$ M(4$4$ 5 " 8 68(5 ( (V$ ! 6 N ' 8(" (, $ 63= # '"$ 'S 65 6'6$4$, S ' (8 3'4M"' ?E ! 5 E3"' S ' (B 5 E3"' N '#' 5$8'#' ('"$ '35 $649( "$ (#' 8(5 ' >='"5 '#'). 7' S(#' M( (8 5 E3"'? «j(#' M( 8"( 5 E3"'?»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«D( 4', 'S("! ( 4', #'=9S'». (C [(5 6 ( #=$, 6 ' '='B =9S =(38( [ 5 '8'[!Z $&$" B: « ( 4'-V'4'3"'». %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, S ' 6 6$#'"( ( 4' V'4'3 'M( 65( 6=(89 58("9Z 3= # 3= #$.) «7 S ' M(? - 5 $&$4$ '"$ 5(?( =(W (4!"', (=(5$M 6$95! 6 =(54(. - j ' M( N ' &"$S ? X$&6( 9 ?'Z5! 61" ! =98' "$ N '? 7 S ' M(? 7( M(4 8(M3 8"'B N 8 'b A(='8-8$4!S '8 5 [(5 6 Z 8'# 5 [(5 6'6$ ! $ (-" ? 3! 3= # ( ' "'W(" 9, ='8( (V, S ' ?E6$Z 5 $M3E8 &"$ '8E8?» %"$ =(&= (4!"' 58(V" 4$5! ' 9 ! 6&94$5! &$ " # , "' M( =(W (4!"' "( 8'#4$ '" 8$ ! '#', S ' S $4$. %"$ ='6(4$ =$&=(&"E8 "'M'8 ' 5 ( 4 , ' '8 = 4'M 4$ (#' #4$3 Z V'4'3" Z '6(=V"'5 ! [( ( (5"'6$ '" =$5 8(M3 ( 4'8 V'4'3'8) S ! 654 V "( &$58(94$5! ' =$3'5 , 63= # ?(5 = S ""' '64$3(6W(B (Z (6'&'?4$3$4$ (( N8'A '"$4!"$9 "$ =$). %"$ S 65 6'6$4$, S ' "(=6E ((, $ 5 = "E, "$ 9# 6$Z 59 65( M( M( "$ $ (- ' &$-
233
6 "S 6$Z[ (59 '4EW . %"$ S 65 6'6$4$, S ' #4$&$ (( =$5 =E6$Z 59 ?'4!W( ?'4!W(, S ' $4!AE "$ = $V "'#$V "(=6"' 36 M 59, S ' 6 #= 3 S '- ' 3$6 3EV$"!( S ' 65( '?=$&E &6 6 N '8 '4(?4Z[(859 '4 8=$ ( 5 "('?ES$B"'Z 9= '5 !Z '=$M$Z ((. 7$ "(( ?(5 =(5 $""' "$V'3 4 8 " E 5'8"(" 9, 6 (=(3 4 (3( 6$#'", 4 "$&$3 (5=$6" ( N ' 6E=$M(" ( 5 6$M"'B 8( $b'='B 6 =$55 $&( «C8(= ! 26$"$ 24! S$»), 4 6'65( 5 ' . ;"" W $ 4 '34( "(( 4 S M$9? «j ' $8, "$ = S (, W ?$ 4 N ' 4 &6(=!? 2 S ' 5$8$ 9 ? d 5$8$ 4 3= #$9?» g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c(V$4 5 $"A S ' N ' ?E4 '"3 '=. %"$ '='5 4$ ;"" W '3$ ! (B ' 9 ! 5"9 Z (4(= " 4$ ' , "$3(4$ V "$ =$6 4$5! 36(= . - >EV'3
! &6'4
(? - 5 ='5 4$ ;"" W $.
- i$, 8"( '3EW$ ! V'S( 59. D
'S("! M$= '.
2 '"$ ' 6'= 4$ 36(=!. \( (4! 6( (= =6$" 4 5! (B "$65 =(S &$5 '= 4 5 "(B ' 36(= . 2 N ' (B ' $&$4'5! 6(5(4'. %"$ ' 6'= 4$ 36(=! 6EW4$. (C=$6" ( N ' N &'3 5 (8, $ 6( (= ?'=( 59 5 @(6 "E8 6 '"A( " # .) >( (= $ ? 3 ' '4! ' M3$4 (( (6"'6! ='#$ (4!"'( &$?4 M3(" (: 4Z3 , =$ 6W ( 3 W(6"'( =$6"'6(5 (,
234
5 4'""E = 5E6$ ! 964(" 98 = ='3E S(4'6(S(5 ( 56'B5 6$), =$3'5 "' &$56 5 $4 V' (4 '3V6$ ! "(5 ((, "' '"$ 5 4!"'B = 'B 6&94$5! &$ V'4'3"EB 5 '4? , = 3(=M 6$9 4$ !(, 5 5 4$5! "$ 4$ b'=8 &$W4$ &$ 6$#'". >( (= ?E4 5 4(" "$ =E4(S (, "$ 4$ b'=8( &$ 6$#'"$8 ?E4' &$ W!(». «C =$W"$9 ? =9 =6$4$5! 56 5 (4$ 8(M3 '4(5$8 6$#'"'6 ' 5 '4?$8 &-&$ #4$ 5 $"A . >$#'"E, 5 '4?E, 4Z3 , 65(, S ' ?E4' 6 3"', - ?E4' &$"(5("' 5 '3"'B 5 '='"E 5"(#'8 &$"'5 4'5! 65( ?'4!W( ?'4!W(. (% 8( ! ( 5'5 $6" Z S$5 ! (( ? 3 [(#' 5"$.) <...> C'#" $9 ("! S(4'6( $ ='5 '4!&" 4$ '3 (( "'#$8 , '54EW$4 5! 5 8'4' $ ' M(4(& . «i( (W 3$B!» =$&3$459 5(=3 EB #'4'5 5 3= #'B 5 '='"E & ? ="'#' 8=$ $. <...> &$"(5(""E( 5"(#'8, ='?(#$4 '?69&$""E( 4Z3 . <$ (- ' 36$ #'5 '3 "$ 5 '#"(8 $ ='5 6' = ='W4 8 8' ((. %"$ 6&3'V" 4$ ([( =$&, S '?E "$3EW$ !59, M( 6E" 4$ = & 8 b E, S '?E 6&9 !59 &$ 5 '4? 6'B 6 6$#'", $ ([( S(4'6( 6 6'(""'8 $4! ' '34( "(( 5$8'B &$54'" 4 (B '4(?4Z[ B59 56( b'"$=9. %"$ '#49" 4$5! 6 M( 8 " &"$4$ 4 A' >='"5 '#'. R= 4'M 6 = '&E=! , '" "$ 4'" 459 =(3 "(B 5 ='5 4, "( " M"' 4 (B S(#'-" ? 3!, "( 8'M( 4 '" 54 M ! (B? %"$ 3'6'4!"' 3'4#', " S(#' "( ' 6(S$9, 6#493E6$4$5! 6 "(#' , "(58' =9 "$ ("!, 6 ''='B '" 5 '94, 6 3(4$, 4 (B $&$4'5!, S ' 6 3(4$, 6E=$M(" ( (#' 4 A$ #4$&. a ' ?E4' ' 9 ! ' 6E=$M(" ( 'S (4!"'#' 6'5V [(" 9, ' '='( $ '3(B5 6'6$4' "$ "(( 6S(=$. <...> - d "( &"$4$, S ' 6E (3( (. ^$S(8 6E (3( (? - 5 $&$4$ '"$, ' 5 6 = , ' '='Z 6&94$5! ?E4' &$ 5 '4? . 2 "( 3(=M 8$9 =$3'5 ! 'M 64(" ( 5 94 "$ (( 4 A(. - ^$S(8 9 (3 ? - '6 '= 4 '", #4939 (B =98' 6 #4$&$. >E &"$( (, 9 (3 349 '#', S '?E ?E ! $8, #3( 6E, - 5 $&$4 '", - 9 "( 8'# "$S(. 2 6 N ' M( 6=(89, $ ?E '3'4(6 =( 9 5 6 9, 6( (= &$5E $4 5"(# 5 =EW 6$#'"$, &$ =( $4 $ 8- ' M(4(&"E8 ' '=6$""E8 4 5 '8, 6 (=(3 4$S(6"' 8=$S"' &$=(6(4 # 5 'B 56 5 ' $='6'&$...
235
...2, 6&96W 5! = 4$5! "$ 5 ("!
'B &$ V'4'3"EB 5 '4? , '"$ '3"9?E5 =' 6'W4$ 6 5(" 6$#'"$. <...>
> R( (=? =#(, '4! ' S ' '5 $"'6 459 '(&3 '"$ 6EW4$, (=6'( 4 A', '?=$ 6W(( (( 6" 8$" (, ?E4' 4 A' 8 M$. «;V, Y'M( 8'B! ' S(#' "(#' 5 $4 $ ( W ?» '3 8$4$ '"$, #4939 "$ (#' V'4'3" Z =(35 $6 (4!" Z b # = '5'?(""' "$ '=$& 6W ( (( ( (=! V=9[ W(B, '3 =$6W ( '49 = #4'B W49 E».
***
«%" (@(6 ") W(4 ' 3'='M ( $ #'6'= 4 5(?(: «7$3' "( 6'4"'6$ !59, "$3' 5 ' ' !59. % S(8 E? j(#' E? \'4S , #4 '(», - '?=$[$459 '" 56'(8 5(=3A . 2 S(8 ?'4!W( '" 5 $=$459 5(?9 5 ' ' !, (8 65( V M( &$V6$ E6$4' (8 3EV$" (. ^"$ '8EB 65 =( 459 ' 4 " 4 (#', "' @(6 " 3$M( "( &"$4, ' N ' ?E4. %" '3'W(4 #'=$8, "$ ' '=EV #=(8(4 A( 5 5 $(8EV '3" 8$(8EV 5$4$&' , #='V' $4 $ 6W (59 5$4$& &6 S$4 6(5(4E( #'4'5$. %" ='W(4 ([( "(5 '4! ' W$#'6, =(3 " 8 ' =E459 $ ' , ' S$5 M( 5=(3 65(V $ $6W V59 '" &"$4 ((. %" &"$4, S ' '"$ , ' =$3'5 5 =$V , 'V6$ 6W 8 (#' 5(=3A(. %"$ 5 '94$, =$&#'6$= 6$9 5 3$8'B, "$ ='6' '4'M"'8 '"A( $ $. 7 S(#', $&$4'5!, "( ?E4' '5'?(""'#' " 6 (( '3(M3(, " 6 (( '&(; "' 349 @(6 "$ $ M( 4(# ' ?E4' &"$ ! (( 6 N 'B '4 (, $ ='&$" 6 =$ 6(. <...> 7$ 4!3 5'? =$4 5! 6 N ' 3("! "(3(4 6N '= 3"9 4Z3 '3"'#' = M $, 65( &"$ '8E( 8(M3 5'?'Z. YE4 8$5 (=$ $ $ !59, [(#'496W ( 5 55 6'8, S 6W (59 &$ =(54$8 , 5 ='? 8 "(4'6 8 36 M(" 98 , 8$4!S , 5 $=E( 4Z3 , $$6W (59 349 # # (" S(5 V A(4(B; 65( $&$4 5! @(6 " &?=$""E8 5S$5 4 6A$8 , ' '8 S ' '" ?E4 , 6?4 & ' "((. >5( $ $6W (59, $&$4'5!, 5'6(=W(""' =$6"'3 W"' '?#'"94 , 3'#'"94 ((, 3$M( #'6'= 4 5 "(B 5'6(=W(""' "(&$6 5 8' ' "(( 6(5(4 4 5!, '4!& 95! ' 4 S"E8 4!3'8 V'='W(Z '#'3'B. 7 '4$B }(=?$A B, 36'Z='3"EB ?=$ < , 6 '=' ("! 'B M$ ( ( & V $" $4'"$V, 5 3(4 5
236
$" $4'"$V, 5 3(4 5 '"! $8 "$ "'#$V "$ 5 $8(B ( 6 3$6 @(6 "$, &$ = S$4 (8 : - ;, (=6EB = 55 B 3(6$B ( M( '"! .
,
'"! '?(M(A! i$6"' 4 ? % 4 S"EB 4(3, "$-
- f 8("9 '"! '6 "( , - ' 6(S$4 @(6 ", 3 64995! N 'B 58(4'5 =$&69&"'5 6 (( = 5 5 6 " "$ 5( "3 "( (=99 (( & 6 3$, V' 9 "( #493(4 "$ "((. %" S 65 6'6$4, S ' 5'4"A( = ?4 M$4'5! "(8 . %"$ ?E4$ "$ #4( , ' '5 $6 6 & ( "'M 6 6E5' V ?' " $V, 6 3 8' ='?(9, $ 4$5! "(8 . % S$9""' 8$V$6W B = $8 = # ?$6W B59 &(84( 8$4!S 6 = 55 '8 4$!( '?#'"94 ((. %"$ $ 4$5! "( 5'65(8 6(=3'; 6E" 6 = & 8$4("! 'B 8 b E, 6 5(6W(B "$ 5" = (, '"$ 3(=M$4$ V "$#' '6( , #4939 "$ @(6 "$, ' '='#' '"$ &"$4$, 4E?$4$5! (8 56'(8 5 =$V . <'#3$ '6'=' '"S 459, '"$ 3$4$ 5(?( '4S' = #'Z "'M 'B '3$ 4$5! =98' }(=?$A '8 ; , V6$ 6W 5! &$ "(#' = 'B, 4E?$95!, 6" 4$ @(6 " . %"$ ?E4$ =( =$5"((, S(8 '" 6''?=$M$4 ((. <...> "' S ' 65(#3$, $ "('M 3$""'5 !, '=$M$4' 6 "(B, N ' ?E4' 6E=$M(" ( (( #4$&, =' V, 5 ' 'B"EV =$63 6EV... <...> - i$6"' 4 6E &3(5!? - 5 $&$4$ '"$, '3$6$9 (8 = . Y4$#'3$=5 6 B (, - = ?$6 4$ '"$, '#3$ '" '3"94 4$' , 6E $6W B & (( 8 b E. (D'45 'B 6" 8$ (4!"' 54(3 &$ 56' 8 #(='98 . %" 4( V =(S! M(5 E, "' '" '?=( $Z 56'Z 5'?5 6("" Z 8$"(= #'6'= ! 36 #$ !59 6 '8 8 =(, ' '=EB '" 349 " V 5'&3$4. R'"9 "' 4 N '? \"( $M( 59, S ' 3$.) - d "( &"$4, S ' 6E $ $( (5! "$ '"! $V, %"$ 6" 8$ (4!"' '58' =(4$ "$ "(#', S " (#' 58 [(" 9.
$
=( =$5"' $ $( (5!. ?E M(4$9
'"9 !
= -
- >$W 'V6$4 "$3' A(" !. ^3(5! 5'V=$" 4 5! =(3$" 9, S ' 6E 4 SW B '"! '?(M(A, - 5 $&$4$ '"$, 5 =9V 6$9 8$4("! 'Z = S 'B 6 S(="'B (=S$ ( #4E "(9, $6W ( "$ 8 b . (C"'6$ «4(39"'B» W = V.) - i$, 9 '#3$- ' 5' 5 =$5 !Z 6(=W("5 6$.
$ $459; 8"( V' (4'5! 3'B
3' 5'-
237
- >E 65(, $M( 59, 3(4$( ( 5' 5 =$5 !Z, - 5 $&$4$ '"$, 4E?$95!. - \"( $ V'S( 59 '58' =( !, $ 6E $ $((5!. 7$3(6$B ( M( '"! , 3$6$B ( $ $ !59 68(5 (. «<$ $ !59 68(5 (! 7( M(4 "$ "((.
N ' 6'&8'M"'?» - 3 8$4 @(6 ", #4939
- C(BS$5 "$3(" , - 5 $&$4 '". 2 '"
'W(4 "$3(6$ ! '"!
.
- i$6"' "( ?E6$4 "$5, 5 3$=!, - #'6'= 4 $ $4![ , '33(=M 6$9 "'# "$6 "S 6$9 $?4 . - R'54( 6$5 " '#' & #'5 '3 8$5 (='6 "( . e'='W' 4 $ ? 3( ? #'6'= 4 '", "$ 9# 6$9 =(8("!». 7(8"'#' '#'39 «'3 " & 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B, 4 SW B & "'6EV '"! '?(MA(6, 5 $ ='5 'B 6' = , 6 '"! $V, 6EW(4 & 'b(B"'B , =$&?(M$6W 5!, 5 459 "$ '"! $V 6" & ' 5 ("98, #='8EV$9 '3 =E# 6$9. %" 64( (4 6" & , "( &8(" 6 3$M( 56'?'3"'#' '4'M(" 9 = , '$ 459 ' 4!3 . - ;V, N ' "'6$9 W $! - 5 $&$4 @(6 " M$4 "$6(=V, S '?E 53(4$ ! N "'6 Z W - 7( B.
?(B (5!, "$3'
= 6ES
! -
=
" 4 (8
' S$5 M( . 7
'?(-
'4$B }(=?$A-
@(6 " 6'W(4 "$ = 5 , =$&?(M$459 56(=V 5 '4! ' 8'# 5 459 6" &, 3(=M 6$9 6 "( = 6ES"'8 36 M(" =$6"'6(5 ( = $8 . 7$ '54(3"(B 5 (" '" &$A(459, "', S ! 3' ='" 6W 5! 3' 4!3$ = 'B, 53(4$4 5 4!"'( 36 M(" (, 5 =$6 459 , 58(95!, ' $ 459 3$4!W(». \E = 5 5 6 (8 "$ '?(3(, S(=(& 36$ #'3$ '54( '#', $ < ' $&$4$ @(6 " , "$ = (8( 6 3'8( %?4'"5 V. C"$S$4$ " M"' = 6(5 "(?'4!W'B ' =E6' ' 5 '4!&'8 #= ?(. « - ; 6E ? 4 8(36(39, 8"( #'6'= 4 ? - 5 $&$4$ < , [( "' 5 $=$95! 'B8$ ! 6 4 'B "( ' '="EB, ' 5 $4!&E6$Z[ B #= ? 65 =9V 6$9 = M(6$8 , 5 6'&! ' '=E( ?(4(4$ (( = $. (>(4 '4( "'( &=(" ( 6(4 '#' -
238
5$ (49, 65(#3$ '38(S$Z[(#', S ' 6 54(3 Z[ B 8'8(" =(3 = 8 (#' M 6E( 4E.) - X$&6( 6$5 (5 ! 8(36(3 ? - = ?$6 4$ '"$, 6 '4'?'=' $ '6(=" 6 "(8 56'Z =(4(5 " Z #'4'6 4E?$95!». D( (=! 8E (=(V'3 8 &"$8(" 'B 5A("( 5 8(4'8. R'54( '?(3$ < @(6 " "$ 8 " ' $&E6$Z 59 '3" . «...< , '3'B39 =$55 $64(""'8 $= 'S"'8 5 '4 , 5(4$ , 6&96 6 = 8(4' , 5 $4$ S(= ! 8 ' "'6'8 &(4("'8 5 " =$5V'39[ (59 = # . %" 6'&'?"'6 4 =$&#'6'=, W(3W B &$ '?(3'8: ' 56'?'3(, &$"9 9V M("[ ". @(6 " ?E4 5'#4$5(" 5 8"(" (8 i$=! ;4( 5$"3='6"E, S ' 3(6 W $, "( 6EW(3W$9 &$8 M, "$B3( 5(?( 3(4' M("5 '( 6 5(8!(. <...> 7$5 4' 8'4S$" (. %"$ 65( S(= 4$ 8(4'8 ' 5 '4 . :4$&$ (( ?4(5 (4 V 8 ?4(5 '8. R'3S "995! (( "$5 ='(" Z, '" S 65 6'6$4 6' 65(8 5 [(5 6( 56'(8 65( 5 4 6$Z[((59 "$ =9M(" ( 5S$5 9. - ;V! 9 6(5! 5 '4 5S(= 4$! - 5 $&$4$ '"$ , '4'M 6 8(4' , 53(4$4$ 36 M("!(, $ ? 3 ' V' (4$ 65 $ !. «<$ M( 9 '5 $" 5! '3 "... ?(& "((?» - 5 M$5'8 '3 8$4 '" 6&94 8(4' . - R'5 'B (, - 5 $&$4 '", 5$395! 5 '4 . - d 3$6"' V' (4 5 ='5 ! 6$5 '3" 6([!. %" #493(4 (B =98' 6 4$5 '6E(, V' 9 - R'M$4 B5 $, 5 ='5
5
#$""E( #4$&$.
(.
- >' , - 5 $&$4 '" "$ 5$4 "$S$4!"E( ? 6E: , 6, 8, ': N, ", 8, ?, &, 4, N, ", , ? Y 6E N &"$S 4 : « '#3$ 6E 8"( ' 6( 4 : N '#' "( 8'M( ?E !, &"$S 4' 4 N ', S ' " '#3$, 4 '#3$?» 7( ?E4' " $ 'B 6(='9 "'5 , S '? '"$ 8'#4$ '"9 ! N 54'M" Z b=$& ; "' '" '58' =(4 "$ "(( 5 $ 8 6 3'8, S ' M &"! (#' &$6 5 ' '#', 'B8( 4 '"$ N 54'6$. %"$ 61" 4$ "$ "(#' 5(=!(&"', ' '8 ' (=4$ "$V8 =(""EB 4'? "$ = 5 $4$ S $ !. 2&=(3 $ '"$ 6ǭE6$4$ "$ "(#', 5 =$W 6$9 "(#' 6ǭ'8: «D' 4 N ', S ' 9 3 8$Z?» - d '"94$, - 5 $&$4$ '"$, ' =$5"(6.
239
- <$ '( N ' 54'6'? - 5 $&$4 '", 4'5! 54'6' " '#3$.
$&E6$9 "$ ",
' '=E8 '&"$S$-
- a ' 54'6' &"$S " '#3$, - 5 $&$4$ '"$, - "' N ' "(=$63$! %" ?E5 =' 5 (= "$ 5$""'(, '3$4 (B 8(4 65 $4. %"$ "$ 5$4$: , 9, ", 8, , '. <...> %" 61" 4 "$ "(( 6' ='5
(4!"', ='? '.
- D'4! ' '#3$? - i$, - ' 6(S$4$ (( 4E? $. - ; ... ; ( (=!? - 5 ='5 4 '".
- 7 , $ 6' ='S (. d 5 $M ', S(#' ?E M(4$4$. %S("! ?E M(4$4$! - %"$ "$ 5$4$ "$S$4!"E( ? 6E: S, 6, 8, &, , , S, ?. a ' &"$S 4': «S '?E 6E 8'#4 &$?E ! ='5 !, S ' ?E4'». «D'#3$ 9 "( 8'#4$
"$S( ' 6(
!». - R= 8. =(3.
>5( N ' "(8"'#' "$ 9" '. e' 9 4Z?'6!, "(5'8"(""', 6'= S 3(5$, 5'(3 "9( =$9 =' $5 8(M3 4Z3!8 8'M( 5' ='6'M3$ !59 54 S$98 8 4 (4!"'B (4($ , - 65( M( 5 '4! 3( $4!"'( S (" ( 8E54(B "( 'S("! ?(3 (4!"'. %3"$ ' M(5 E #(='(6 =(4(5 "E, 659 5A("$ V 3'M(5 6(""' ' =$63$""$.
***
D'45 'B 6E5 $4 &$ (5 (5 6("" Z M &"!. R= ='3$, ' (5 ! Y'#, =$5 '=93 4$5! $ , S '?E M("[ "$ 5 =$3$4$ = ='3$V 5 4!"((, S(8, 5 $M(8, 5$8 $ 3 '?=$&$ 4 $. R'N '8 '" ?E4 9='5 "E8 =' 6" '8 5 55 6(""'#' '?(&?'4 6$" 9. > M ="$4( «Look», M$4 '8 '3'? «@$Bb$», &$ 8 $ =(49 1952 #. =(35 $64("$ 5(= 9 b' '#=$b B '3 &$#'4'6 '8: «d 5b' '#=$b ='6$4$ ='M3(" ( 8'(#' =(?(" $». 25 4ZS (4!"' "(5 8 $ S"EB 84$3("(A V8E49( 59 6 #4 5 =$" AE. R'3 5! #4$5 : «@(M$ "$ ='3 4!"'8 5 '4(, 8 55 5 ;.e.e(&(" 6(4!3, 5$ (4!" A$-b' '#=$b (S ' ?E N ' &"$S 4'?) & C(3$= X$ 35, ;B'6$, [(4 " 4$ 56' 8 b' '$ $=$ '8 &$ (S$ 4(4$ N "('?ES$B"E( 8#"'6(" 9 - ' (=6EV 5V6$-
240
' 3' (=6'#' = $ (( (=6("A$». j ' M( N ' &$ b' '#=$b ? < = 8(= : «\ M (6 'W4'8, =$5 =$W(""'8 ' = #$45 (, 5 ='5 (A 8, "' 3= S(""E8 6 3'8) "$6([$( M(" 6 =$&#$= ='3'6» 4 «\ 55 5 e(&(" 6(4!3 b' '#=$b = ( 5(5 = \N= , ' =E5 6$Z[ Z ='M(" A 3(& "b A = Z[ 8 5=(35 6'8». D'45 'B ?E 'S("! =$55(=3 459.
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«%" "( &"$4, '&3"' 4 , =$"' 4 . C6(S M( 65( 3'#'=$4 . <...> %" 54 W$4 =$55 $& 3' '=$ '" 8$4 (#'. >3= # =$&3$459 = , " "$ S ' "( 'V'M B. <= ?E4 $ 5 =$W(", S ' @(6 " 3$M( "( 65 'S 4; "', "( (=(6'39 3EV$" (, 5 #$""'6' ='5 (4!"' '58' =(4 "$ 3' '=$. i' '= 5 4'" 4 #'4'6 "$?' , = 54 W 6$95!, '3'?= (4!"' 4E?" 459. >5( ?E4' $ "('?E "'6(""', S ' M " S ' "( '=$M$4' @(6 "$. <...> %" 65 'S 4, "$ AE 'S $V 6?(M$4 6 5 $4!"Z, '?'W(4 @ &$6( R( ='6" , "9# "Z 65 $4 "$ 56'( 8(5 ', &#'4'6!9. <= &$ V, "' S '- ' (=(8(" 4'5! ( (=!. j ' - '" "( 6 3(4 "( '" 8$4 "( V' (4 6 3( ! '" 8$ !. <...> >'5 $4(""'(, &8 S(""'( 4 A' < 5 = 4 W(Z ' "'8 4 A =93!Z 6'4'5 ?E4' '?=$[("' "(8 5 $4' (#' 6ǭ$. R'3"9E( = ='5 4 (#' = . CV6$ 6 ' "E8 = $8 (#' V'4'3"E( = , '"$ 5 $4$ = M 8$ ! V 56'(8 4 A . - 7( V'3 , "( V'3 ! d "( ?'Z5!, 9 "( ?'Z5!! - ?E5 =' #'6'= 4$ '"$. - \$8$, 6'&!8 ( 5(=(M . %" 8"( 8(W$Z . (%?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ N 5(=(M , "'5'6'B 4$' , #4E "(9 "$ 8 b ( 3= # ( W = V , 5' 5 6 Z[ (< "$ =' 9M(" 65(#' ='8$"$.)
241
- 7( , N ' M$5"'! d 8= , 8= ! R'3 , '3 ! - &$ = S$4$ '"$, ' 9 ! '54EW$459 ' M( " "$ S ' "( 'V'M B = . @(6 " 5V6$
459 &$ #'4'6
6E?(M$4
& '8"$ E.
- 7 S(#', " S(#', 65( V'='W'! - ='#'6'= 4$ (8 i'44 . (%"$ ='W4$ S(=(& N ' M( 5(8! =$&.)
654(3
7', S ' ? '" " #'6'= 4 , '" &"$4, S ' ( (=! 65( '# ?4'. R= 54'" 6W 5! #'4'6'B = '4' (, '" 5 '94 6 5'5(3"(B '8"$ ( 54EW$4 S '- ' " '#3$ "( 54EV$""'( 8: 6 &#, =(6, '" &"$4, S ' N ' = S$4' ', S ' ?E4' =(M3( < . fM( =(?(" $ '" 3$6"' "( M(4$4. %" ((=! "("$6 3(4 N '#' =(?(" $. %" 3$M( "( M(4$4 ( (=! (( M &" , '" M(4$4 '4! ' =( =$[(" 9 N V M$5"EV 5 =$3$" B. - i' '=! j ' M( N '? j ' M N '? Y'M( 8'B! - 5 $&$4 '", V6$ $9 &$ = 6'W(3W(#' 3' '=$.
- <'"S$( 59, - 5 $&$4 3' '=. 2 4 A' 3' '=$ ?E4' $ 5(=!(&"', '#3$ '" #'6'= 4 N ', S ' @(6 " '"94 '"S$( 59 6 58E54( - 8 =$( ». (i' '=, '"(S"', 8(4 6 6 3 , S ' S(=(& 8 " '"$ ='3 N ' '"S 59.) ^$ (8 "$S "$( 59 S$5 !, ' ("9Z[$9 =$5' N '#' (5 (5 6(""'#' 964(" 9. <5 $ #'6'=9, 659 5 '= 9 V 3'M(5 6(""'B 4 (=$ =E 6 (( =$&6 (5 ! 554(3'6$" ( 65( ?'4(( #4 ?' V 4$5 '6 M &" . C'6(=W(""' "(6'&8'M"' =(35 $6 !, S ' :'8(= 6 9 6. 3' ".N. 4 C(=6$"(5 6 17 6. ".N. ' 5E6$4 ?E 6 $ V "(6(='9 "EV '3='?"'5 9V ='M3(" ( =(?(" $. i(4' "( 6 '8, ' =$63$""E 4 ( 4 "E( 5'?E 9 4 S 65 6$ N S(5 4 N5( S(5 . d V'S 5 $&$ !, S ' V 3'M" , $ S("EB, 6 V'3( N6'4ZA 5 55 6$ 4 "$ , 65( 6=(89 =$&36 #$( #'= &'" , #4 ?499 ' =E 9 56'(#' =(3W(5 6("" $, ='" $9 6 5 ! 964(" B 65( ?'4(( '5 =E8 ?4 5 $ (4!"E8 6ǭ'8, 6' $ '6 =(& 4! $ . «7( '8"9 5(?9, '" 6?(M$4 6 5 $4!"Z. R(=6'(, S ' '" 6 3$4, N ' ?E4' 4 A' @ &$6( E R( ='6"E. %"' ?E4' ([( "$V8 =(""(( 5 ='M(. @ A$ < "( ?E4'. 7$ '8 8(5 (, #3( '"' ?E4' =(M3(, ?E4' S '- ' 5 =$W"'( '
242
6 3 "$ =9M(" 9 ' &6 , 6EV'3 6W(8 ' 3$. (^3(5! "$S "$( 59 =$5' $ 65(#' ' 5$""'#'.) %" = $4 #'4'6'B 3(=(6 ='6$ , S 65 6 9, S ' 5(=3A( (#' =$&=E6$( 59. fM$5"EB = "( 8'4 $4, '" 53(4$459 ([( M$5"(( , $ ?E 3'B39 3' '54(3"(#' =(3(4$ M$5$, 63= # &$ V. @(6 " "( 6(= 4 56'(8 54 V , "' "(4!&9 ?E4' 5'8"(6$ !59: = &$ V, 54EW$4$5! V$9 5 ( "9, W(4(5 '=' 4 6E( 3EV$" 9, (( =(=E6$Z[ B59, M 6'B "(M"EB, 5S$5 4 6EB #'4'5 V' =' &"(5: «<'"S("'». %" '3"94 #'4'6 . Y(55 4!"' ' 5 6 = "$ '3(94', "('?ES$B"' =( =$5"$9 V$9, '"$ ?(&8'46"' 58' =(4$ "$ "(#' V' (4$ "( 8'#4$ 4E?" !59. 2 63= # & '#' $ "5 6(""'#' M$5"'#', "(&3(W"(#' 8 =$, 6 ' '='8 '" M 4 N 36$3A$ ! 36$ S$5$, @(6 " 8#"'6(""' 'S 65 6'6$4 5(?9 (=("(5(""E8 6 =(M" B, '?ES"EB 8 =, "' 5 9Z[ B ( (=! $ 8 "'6E8 56( '8 5S$5 !9, S ' '" "( (=("(5 (#'. 7$ 9" E( 5 = "E 65( 5'=6$4 5!. XE3$" 9 54(&E =$3'5 , ' '=EV '" " $ "( =(36 3(4, 5 $ 'Z 5 4'B '3"94 5! 6 "(8, '4(?49 65( (#' (4'... f $6 "$ '4(" =(3 '5 (4!Z, '" 3(=M$4 =(3 # ?$8 = M("E A(4'6$4 ((, = $ N $ 54$?E8 36 M(" (8 $4!A(6 ' 6(S$4$ "$ (#' 'A(4 . (>59 #4$6$ "$5E[("$ 6(4 '4( "E8 '?=$&$8 . >5( b # =E =(S , ' '=E( 65 =(S$Z 59 6 "(B, "(&$8( "' (=(V'39 6 '6(5 6'6$" (. 7' ( (=! 8E #' '6E 5=$6"(" Z, '3E 'M 6$Z[(8 ' =E6' .) ; 8(M3 (8 $8, 6 "'#$V '5 (4 , 6 4'6 V = $V @ &$6( E R( ='6"E, $ '#'"( "$3 56( 4!" '8, '4(?$4$5! M &"! S(4'6(S(5 '#' 5 [(5 6$, ' '='#' " '#3$ =(M3( "( ?E4' ' '='( $ M(, 5 (8 M( =$6'8, 5 'Z M( &"$S (4!"'5 !Z 349 5(?9, ? 3( M ! 4'3 ! 5(?( '3'?"EV». R'&3"(( 8E ' 8( 8 '?=$& 56( $, 65 EV 6$Z[(#' (=(3 5$8' ? B5 6'8 ;""E. C8(= ! - '56'?'M3(" ( 3 W . R'N '8 ='M3(" ( =(?(" $ ='M3(" ( 3 W (6 58(= ) '3 "$ '6' 5' =9M("E 5 $B"'B, M$5'8 =$5' 'B. X'3E < 58(= ! ;""E 5V'39 59 6 N 'B 'S(. X'M3(" ( 6(=E 6 @(6 "(, 8
='M3(" 9 6(=E.
***
243
«@(6 " W(4 ?'4!W 8 W$#$8 ' ?'4!W'B 3'='#(, = 54 W 6$95! "( 5 '4! ' 56' 8 8E5498 ('" "( 8'# ([( =$&'?=$ ! V), 5 '4! ' 3 W(6"'8 5'5 '9" Z, =(M3( " '#3$ 8 "( 5 E $""'8 . (<=(5 !9" ", 5 ' '=E8 '" =$&#'6'= 459, 5 $&$4 '? '3"'8 8 M (, S ' ' M 6( =$3 56'(#' ?=ZV$ S ' =$3 ?=ZV$ M ! "(4!&9, " M"' M ! 6' 89 5 "E, Y'#$, 3 W .) <...> «7( M(4 9 "$W(4 =$&=(W(" ( 65(#', "( M(4 '"S("E ( (=! 8' 5 =$3$" 9?» - 3 8$4 @(6 ", W$#$9 ' E4!"'B 3'='#(. <...> %" &$3EV$459 ' 6'4"(" 9 , "( 6 5 4$V 3 3$4!W(, 5'W(4 5 3'='# 6 4(5 5(4 6 (" '5 " "$ "(5 'W("" Z =$6 . %" 5"94 5 ' "'B #'4'6E W49 4(#, '?4' ' 6W 5! "$ = , "$ 5'S" Z, 4' W 5 Z 4(5" Z =$6 . «i$, "$3' ' '8" !59 '?3 8$ !, - 3 8$4 '", = 5 $4!"' #4939 "$ "(589 Z =$6 , ' '=$9 ?E4$ (=(3 " 8, 54(39 &$ 36 M(" 98 &(4("'B ? $W , '3" 8$6W(B59 ' 5 (?4Z E=(9 &$3(=M 6$(8'B 6 56'(8 '3c(8( 4 5'8 5"E . - >5( 5"$S$4$, - #'6'= 4 '" 5(?(, ' 6'=$S 6$9 4 5 5"E , S '?E '" "( 8(W$4 ? $W (, = # ?$9 3= # Z =$6 , S '?E ? $W $ (=(W4$ "$ "((. - j ' =$3 ( 8("9? j ' 9 ' =E4? <...> d '4! ' &"$4 ', S ' 9 &"$Z. d '"94 5 4 , ' '=$9 "( 6 '3"'8 ='W(3W(8 3$4$ 8"( M &"!, "' ( (=! 3$( 8"( M &"!. d '56'?'3 459 ' '?8$"$, 9 &"$4 V'&9 "$»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
#'5
'
=$649Z 59 "$
"
.
«<"9&! C(=#(B 26$"ES 5(4 6 (4(M '(V$4 ; '5$4!"'( '?[(5 6', 5 '= 6 W$#, (W '8 'W4' 3'8'B.
244
7' S$, ' ?(4(9, ' S(="(9, $ ?E5 =' "$36 #$4$5!, S ' "$3' ?E4' ([( = ?$6 ! W$#$, S '?E 3' 3'M39 '5 ( ! 3'8'B. R(=(3'6E( ((, S(="E( " & (, $ 3E8 5 ' ' !Z, '?4$ $ 5 "('?E "'6(""'Z ?E5 =' 'B ?(M$4 ' "(? . i' 3'8$ ([( ?E4' W$#'6 36(5 , $ M( '3"9459 6( (=, 659 Z 5( "3 8'M"' ?E4' M3$ ! 4 6"9. i( 5 5 #$""E8 =$3'5 "E8 6 &#'8 ?(M$4 6 (=(3 . i$=!9 ;4( 5$"3='6"$, 5 = 3'8 ?'=95! 5 56' 8 '?4(6W 8 (( "'# Z? $8 , M( "( W4$, $ ?(M$4$, "( 5 5 $9 5 #4$& 3( (B. \ MS "E, = 3(=M 6$9 W49 E, W4 ?'4!W 8 W$#$8 . %" ?E4 M( 5$8'#' =E4!A$, $ ?'4!W$9 $ 49 3$= 4$5! =$&? 4$5! ' =$B M(4(&"'#' M(4'?$. i( &$ " 8 ?'4!W ( 5 6(5(4E8 #'6'='8 6?(M$4 '3 &$[ =EW . - <$ (= "$ ;4( 5$"3='6"$? - 5 ='5 4 @(6 " (=(3"(B ;#$b! \ V$B4'6"E 5 4$[$8
65 =(
6W(B
V 6
4(3$8 .
- \E 3 8$4 , 5 6$8 , - 5 $&$4$ '"$. -;\
9?
- > <'4 (, 3'4M"', @(6 " 5V6$
4 4(3E
"9"9 5 " 8 . '?(M$4 6 <'4' .
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
245
7$# ?$9 6 (=(3 #'4'6 ?'=95! 5 6( ='8, ' '=EB 6E=E6$4 "(#' 4$ ( ='#$ (4!"$9 ?'=!?$ ='3'4M$( 59), @(6 " M( '3?(#$4 <'4 M( 6 3(4 S '- ' ?(4(Z[((59 &$ 3 ?'8, $ 63= # 65( 65 EV" 4', &$#'=(4$5! 659 &(849 $ ? 3 ' "$3 #'4'6'B =(5" 4 56'3 "(?(5. % =E6 '54( 4(""E( #4$&$, @(6 " 5 6'&! # 5 Z &$6(5 3'M39, ' 3(4 6W Z (#' ( (=! ' <'4 $, 5 M$5'8 6 3$4 =(M3( 65(#' 5 =$""' &8(" 6W Z 56'( '4'M(" ( &(4(" Z 8$ W &"$ '8'#' (8 3 ?$ 6 5(=(3 "( 4(5$. (C=$6" ( 5 N &'3'8 5 $S( , #3( >='"5 B 63= # '" 8$( , S ' « '4'M(" ( (#' &8(" 4'5!», '#3$ 4'W$3!, (=(4( $9 $"$6 , 54'8$4$ 5(?( 5 " .) «7( M(4 =$&? 4'?» - (36$ 5 (4 '3 8$ ! @(6 ", $ , 65( ?E5 =99 ?E5 =99 36 M(" (, 8$ W $ 3 ?$ 5 =E4$5! &$ 3= # 8 3(=(6!98 , '" 54EV$4 =(5 $6W(#' "$ 3= # ( 3(=(6!9 ?'4!W'#' 3(=(6$. C6( 8'4" , &6 #='8$ '[ [(" ( 8#"'6(""' '?3$""'#' V'4'3'8 (4$ 54 4 5! 349 @(6 "$ 6 '3"' 6 (S$ 4(" ( M$5$. - Y'M( 8'B! Y'M( 8'B, S '? "( "$ " V! -
='#'6'= 4 '".
2 V' 9 '" ' S$5 M( '3 8$4 ' '8, $ ?(558E54(""$ (#' ='5!?$ ' '8, S '? '" "( ?E4 ? E 3 ?'8, ' '=EB M( $4 ( (=!, '" '6 '= 4 ((, &"$9, S ' 4 SW( N 'B ?(558E54(""'B 8'4 6E '" " S(#' "( 8'M( 53(4$ !. <...> %" ?E4 "$ 3= #'8 '"A( 4(5$, '3 5 $='Z 4 'B, &6$4 (#'. i6( b # =E 6 (8"EV 4$ !9V ('" ?E4 6 56( 4EV), "$#" 6W 5!, 5 '94 "$3 S(8- '. a ' ?E4 < "9"9. i'M3! M( (=(5 $6$4, "$S "$4' 56( 4( !, '#3$ @(6 " '3?(M$4 " 8. f "9" '3'4 ?E4 5 V, "' "$ < 4$ !( ='8' 4' "$5 6'&! 65Z '?4( 4' ((. e' 9 3'M39 M( "( ?E4', '" 65( ([( 5 '94 6 '8 M( '4'M(" , 6 ' '='( '" 5 $4 , '#3$ =$&=$& 4$5! #='&$. %?( 5 '94 , "$#" 6W 5! "$3 (4(M 'B 5 &(4("E8 &'" '8. - h 6E? k(4E? C4$6$ Y'# ! - ='#'6'= 4 '", W4( $9 ' "( ?=$6W(B59 6'3( 5? 6$6W(Z59, '4"'Z 6'3E ?' "'B '3?(#$9 " 8». (%" =$55(=3 459 "$ M(" .) «C'?=$4 8' =E( (4(" ...» (\' =E( ' 3'M39? 7( '"9 "'. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, $ ='4 6"'B 3'M3! =(-
246
6=$ 459 6 8 4E( 5(=3A 8' =E( (4(" . C 4E = ='3E ' 5 4 (=(3 8'# [(5 6'8 5(8(B"'B M &" . D='#$ (4!"$9 'W ? $ 58(" 4$5! 4E? 'B 5S$5 4 6'B 5(8! .)
*** < $" ( =(?(" $: «%3"'Z = 'B '"$ (< ) '33(=M 6$4$ '3 #'4'6 4$6$Z[(#' "$ 5 "( '=9S 6W(#' "'M'" V4'#' =(?(" $, 3= #'Z '"$, =$6"'8(="' "$=9#$9 8 5 4, 6EM 8$4$ "$ "(#' # ? . X(?(" $ 6E" 4 "$ '3"'B = ( ' $4 ='5 E"(B, 6E (=4 = $ '3$4 8$ (= .
& 6$""E, ' $ 4 6'3'B, '54( ='"& (4!"'#'
- 7 , 9 =$3$, S ' E "$S "$(W! 4Z? ! (#', - 5 $&$4$ < 8 M , '54( '#' $ '"$ 5 =(?(" '8 #= 3 5 ''B"' 5(4$5! "$ = 6ES"'8 8(5 (. - d 'S("! =$3$. ; ' N ' 8("9 M( "$S "$4' '#'=S$ !. DE #'6'= 4, S ' " S(#' "(8 "( S 65 6 (W!. - 7( , =$&6( 9 #'6'= 4, S ' 9 "( S 65 6 Z? d '4! ' #'6'= 4, S ' 9 =$&'S$='6$459. - <$ , 6 "(8 =$&'S$='6$459?
- 7( ' S ' =$&'S$='6$459 6 "(8, $ 6 56'(8 S 65 6(; 9 M3$4 ?'4!W(. d M3$4, S ', $ 5Z= = &, =$5 5 59 6' 8"( "'6'( = 9 "'( S 65 6'. 2 63= # 68(5 ' N '#' - #$34 6'5 !, M$4'5 !... %"$ 6" 8$ (4!"' 54 W$4$ (#' S(=(& =(?(" $, "$3(6$9 "$ '" ( $4!AE '4!A$, ' '=E( '"$ 5" 8$4$, S '?E 8E ! \ Z». (D'45 'B 65(#3$ 'S"' (=(3$( M(5 .) «>EB39 & 3( 5 'B '5 $6W 5! '3 ", @(6 " ' S$5 M( ' 9 ! 65 '8" 4 8E54!, 6 ' '='B ?E4' S '- ' "(95"'. >8(5 ' '#' S '?E 3 6 #'5 " Z, & ' '='B 54EW"E ?E4 #'4'5$, '" '5 $"'6 459 "$ (==$5( , '?4' ' 6W 5! "$ (= 4$, 5 $4 58' =( ! "$ "(?'. fM( 5'65(8 5 (8"(4', "$ Z#(, 3$ '" 58' =(4, "( ?E4' S. D S
247
5 '94 5 =' 6"'B 5 '='"E. % 3$ 65 EV 6$4$ 8'4" 9 54EW$459 3$4!" B #='8. @(6 " = 54 W 6$459 =$6"'8(="' $3$Z[ 8 5 4 6 5$3 $ 498 58' =(4 "$ &"$ '8EB (8 =( #'4!" &6(&3 "$ ='V'39[ B 6 5(=(3 "( (#' \4(S"EB R ! 5 (#' =$&6( 64(" (8. (R=(4(5 "EB ='6 3S(5 B '?=$&, ' 8(S(""EB '5'?E8 '?$9" (8.) R= $M3'B 65 EW ( 8'4" "( '4! ' \4(S"EB R !, "' 9= ( &6(&3E 5S(&$4 , "', $ '4! ' ' V$4$ 8'4" 9, $ ? 3 ' ?='W(""E( $ 'B- ' 8( 'B = 'B, ' 9 ! '96494 5! "$ (V M( 8(5 $V. (R'"9 "' 4 N ' 5=$6"(" (?) «7 , S ' M( 58 [$( 8("9? - 5 $&$4 5(?( @(6 ". <...> d 5 =$W 6$Z '? ' "'W(" Y'M(5 6 65(V =$&"''?=$&"EV 6(='6$" B 65(#' S(4'6(S(5 6$. <...> j ' M( 9 3(4$Z? («i(B5 6 (4!"', S '?» - ?'=8'S( 8"EB S $(4!.) \"( 4 S"', 8'(8 5(=3A , ' =E ', "(5'8"(""', &"$" (, "( '5 M 8'( =$& 8'8, $ 9 '="' V'S =$& 8'8 54'6$8 6E=$& ! N ' &"$" (. <...> >' ='5$ M( ' 3= # V 6(='6$" 9V V ' "'W(" 9V Y'M(5 6 9 "( 8(Z =$6$ 6'&8'M"'5 =(W !». - ;, E "( W(4? - 5 $&$4 63= # #'4'5 < , W(3W(B (8 M( (8 6 #'5 " Z. - j ', E " S(8 "( =$55 ='("? 5 $&$4$ '"$, 6" 8$ (4!"' 6#493E6$95! = 56( ( &6(&3 6 (#' 4 A'. 7' '"$ 65(- $ "( =$558' =(4$ ?E (#' 4 A$, (54 ? ' 9 ! 8'4" 9, 5 =E6W$9 &6(&3E, "( '56( 4$ (#'. R= 56( ( 8'4" '"$ =$558' =(4$ 65( (#' 4 A' , 6 3$6, S ' '" 5 ' '(" =$3'5 (", 4E?" 4$5! (8 . (2 6"'6! N ' S 5 ' =$ S(5 B = (8 - 8( $9 3( $4!. %" '8'#$( 95" ! 5 ! 3(4$.) «%"$ '" 8$( , - 3 8$4 '", '"$ &"$( , ' S(8 9 3 8$Z. C $&$ ! (B 4 "( ? i$, 9 5 $M (B». 7' 6 8 " , $ '" V' (4 "$S$ ! #'6'= !, '"$ &$#'6'= 4$ 'M(. - >' S ', <'5 9! C3(4$B '3'4M(" (, - 5 $&$4$ '"$, - '3 6 #4'6 Z '58' = , $ C(=#(Z 26$"'6 S ((#' 56'3"'8 ?=$ ) 65( 5 =' 4 . \"( "(4'6 '. R'5 $6 4 4 "'6EB 8E6$4!" ? - e'='W', 9 ((.
'B3
"( =(8(""', - 5 $&$4 @(6 ", 65 $6$9
A(4 9
248
«7( , "( "$3' #'6'= !, - '3 8$4 '", '#3$ '"$ ='W4$ 6 (=(3 (#'. - a ' $B"$, 349 8("9 '3"'#' " M"$9, 6$M"$9 "(6E=$& 8$9 54'6$8 . a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»
*** 7$ N 'B 8 5 S(5 'B "' ( '"S$( 59 " #$, ' '=$9 8"( $M( 59 5 '=(( 3"(6" '6'B &$ 5!Z 5$8'#' D'45 '#', $ "( (#' #(='9. a ' $ ?E &$3" 65(B " # , (( \4(S"EB R !, 4 " 9 5(8(B"'B M &" @(6 "$ - < . D( (=! (=(B3(8 '?=$&$8 M(4(&$ ='6 , ' "'59[ 859 4 " >='"5 '#' ;""E, ' '=$9 5'&3$( &4'6([ B '" =$5 5 N 8 (8"E8 &6(&3"E8 "(?'8. >='"5 B 6 (=6E( '9649( 59 6 14-B #4$6( (=6'B S$5 }(=?$A V, V' 9 '" '8 "$459 =$"!W(. <5 $ 5 $&$ !, 8(""' &3(5! "$S "$( 59 " (=(5"EB 8' 6 «5 = &8$», 5 '4'6(=S(" 9, 8(3 8'6, 6 $3$Z[ V 6 =$"5, ='S V 8'3"EV 6 ( 6=(8("$ &$?$6. >='"5 B 4(# '8E54(""' =(W$( = "9 ! S$5 ( 6 N 'B 8'3"'B &$ ((, "' &"$S (4!"' '&3"((, 6 22-B #4$6( 5(3!8'B S$5 , ' 5 =$""'B 54 S$B"'5 8(""' ?4$#'3$=9 8(3 8 S(5 8 6 3(" 98 b=$"A &5 '#' W$=4$ $"$, ' '=EB "$W(4 5(?( ' ='6 (4(B 6 6E5W(8 ( (=? =#5 '8 '?[(5 6(, <$=(" " =(W$( ' $&$ ! ;""( 6 =$&6'3(. D(-
249
4(#=$88$, &6([$Z[$9 (( '? N '8, = V'3 6 8'8(" =$# S(5 '#' '?'5 =(" 9 ' "'W(" B 8(M3 "(Z >='"5 8 '3 $4 6$( (( 5$8' ? B5 6 . R(=(3 65 =(S(B 5 >='"5 8 8'4'3'B S "'6" & 3( $=$8(" $ (( 8 M$ = &"$( 59 (B 6 4Z?6 , '"$ 6(5(4' =$55 $&E6$( '? N '8 8 M ; "' 5(BS$5, 5 (=6'#' M( 6ǭ$, ' '=E8 '"$ '?8("94$5! 5 >='"5 8 "$ ?$4 , 6 M &"! (( 6 '=#$( 59 =' '6$9 $B"$. %"$ " S(#' "( #'6'= &'4'6 ( ' '8, S ' >='"5 B 3$4 3("!# 63'6( '# ?W(#' M(4(&"'3'='M"'#' 54 M$[(#', (8 5$8E8 $B"' 5'(3 "99 5(?9 5 ? 3 [ 8 4Z?'6" '8. R' '8 >='"5 B = V'3 }(=?$A 8 "$ $" "( ?$4$ 6 ' 5$8EB 8 #, '#3$ ;""$ $ M 6' 65 '8 "$( 5E"$, 5 ' '=E8 '"$ =$55 $4$5! "$ "(5 '4! ' 3"(B, 4$M 6$9 6 \'5 6( 3(4$ ?=$ $. @Z?'6! 5E" ? 3( ' '8 '5 '9""'B =(#=$3'B 8(M3 "(B >='"5 8.
*** > 5A("$V 5 $S( 6' 6 '='B S$5 8"'M(5 6' ' ='6(""'B 5 86'4 . >'- (=6EV, 9&6 (4!"EB "$8( <$=(" "$. > $6 4!'"( "$ 5 $S $V 6E5' ' '5 $64(""EB #("(=$4 S "'8 6EW( <$=(" "$ 4 S4(" A$=5 'B b$8 4 , '3 = " 6$9 "$3 " 8, 5 =$W 6$( : «; 6E "( 5 $S( (?» - "$ S ' <$=(" " 'S (4!"'-36 58E54(""' ' 6(S$( : «\'9 5 $S $ = 3"((». % 6( 5 '3 ( 5 '8, ?' '" 8'M( '&"$S$ !, S ' '?9&$""'5 3'4M"'5 "'#' 4 A$ 54'M"(B 5 '= 6"'#' $&$= $, "$8( $( "$ 54'M"'( '4'M(" ( '?8$" '#' 8 M$, ' '=EB 3'4M(" 5 =E6$ ! (#' "$B &'[=(""EB '8 ='8 55 8(M3 ?=$ '8 $=!(='B. >$M"' ' 8( !, S ' ;""$ = &"$( 59 6 &8("( 8 M "$ 5 $S $V, #3( 4'W$3! 4'8$( 5(?( 5 " . g[( ?'4(( #4 ?' B '3 ( 5 5 =E 6 '6(3(" >='"5 '#' 6' 6=(89 N V &"$8("$ (4!"EV 5 $S( . C4'8$6 5 " O= -O= =$&? 6 M &"! ;""E, >='"5 B 6 5 ["'5 3(B5 6 ( '3 "$ '6'. >E 6 3 (, S ' 6E=$M(" ( « "(#' 3='M$4$ " M"99 S(4Z5 !» '6 '=9( 59 6 '8 6 3= #'8 N &'3(: 6 5A("( $3(" 9 ;""E, '#3$ '" 5 4'"9( 59 "$3 (( #=(W"E8 (4'8, 6 5A("( "$5 '9[(#', =($4!"'#' $3(" 9 5 4'W$3 , '#3$ '" 5 ' "$3 8 =$Z-
250
[ 8 M 6' "E8. >(5! '" N 'B #4$6E ' 5 $S $V 5 (( ='#$ (4!"'B 4!8 "$A (B ' &'6( 59 6 #4$6$V, #3( =' 5V'3 5$8' ? B5 6' ;""E. >&=E6 5 =$5 "'#' #"(6$, "(#'3'6$" 9 "$ N =( =$5" Z ?(5 '8'[" Z 4'W$3! 5 '" 'B W((B, ' '= Z '" ? 4 '3" 8 "(4'6 8 36 M(" (8, "( '5 (6 &$ "(Z ' 5 6W 5! "$ 5(34' =$"!W( 6=(8(" , '5'?(""' '=$& (4(", (54 5=$6" ! (#' 5 ' 5$" (8, 65 =(S$Z[ 859 D'45 '#' "(5 '4! 8 5 =$" A$8 =$"((, '#3$ >='"5 B #' '6 59 5 $S $8: «'" ?E4 $ 65(#3$ 5 ' '(" 6$M("» 63= # ' ' =' 49 B, 5 ' '=E8 '" '?= W 459 "$ '6(=M("" Z '?E4 . «... =(3 " 8, 9M(4' 3EW$, 4(M$4$ O= -O= , (=(#" 6 "(8 #'4'6 , 58' =(4$ "$ "(#' 56' 8 =(4(5 "E8 #4$&'8. >5( ([( "( '" 8$9 '#', S ' 54 S 4'5!, >='"5 B 9" 4 4'W$3! &$ '6'3. %"$ ' 9 ! 659 &$? 4$5!, $ =E? $, =([$ =E4!98 5(34$, 6E ='5 $4$ (=(3" ( "'# , "', "( 6 5 4$V '3"9 ! &$3$, ' S$5 M( &$8' $4$5! ' 9 ! $4$ "$ ?' . C & ='3'6$""E8 5 =$5 !Z 4 A'8, ?4(3"EB 5 =95 [(Z59 " M"(Z S(4Z5 !Z, >='"5 B 3$= 4 (( $?4 '8 6 M 6' ' 9 ! 5 $4 9" ! &$ '6'3!9. 7' '"$ "( 36 #$4$5!, $, " 6 V=$ 6 &(84Z, '4! ' 58' =(4$ "$ V'&9 "$ 56' 8 #'6'=9[ 8 6ǭ'8. - ;$$! - ='8ES$4 >='"5 B, 5V6$ 6W 5! &$ #'4'6 . ;$$! S ' 9 53(4$4! - =' = S$4 '". - 2 =' #=$""$9 5 $S $! 2 56'9 6 "$, '5 E3"$9, "( ='5 (4!"$9! 2 N $ "(5S$5 "$9, 8 4$9, '# ?4(""$9 4'W$3!!»
*** ;""$ (36$ "( 8(=4$ ' ='3'6. d "( ? 3 =$5 ='5 =$"9 !59 ' ' E ( >='"5 '#' ' '"S ! 5 5'?'B '54( =$&#'6'=$ 5 <$=(" "E8 (( '5 (4 . a ' 54$?$9 5A("$. <'"(S"', 8' 6E 5$8' ? B5 6$ 4(# ' '?c95" 8E. :4$6"EB & " V - 9&64(""'( 5$8'4Z? (, 6(3! 8 M ;""E '6(4 5(?9 ?4$#'='3"(( (#'. C$8$ ;""$ "$&6$4$ 56'(#' 8 M$ 569 E8. >='"5 B 5 =(49( 6 5(?9 ' '8 M(, 'S(8 '5 '=?4(""EB 36'=9" " ='W4'#' 6( $ 6E&E6$4 56'(#' '? 3S $ "$ 3 N4! - "( &$ (8, S '?E ? !, "' "$ =' 6: S '?E ' 6E5 =(4 4 6 "(#'. : ?(4! ' =
251
=' 6" $ (=(S(= 6$( '5 '=?4(" (. g54 ?E >='"5 B 8(=, '" ' '85 4 ?E &$ 5(?9 #=E&(" 98 5'6(5 3= # V 4Z3(B. g54 ?E 6EM 4, '" =$&=93 4 ?E 5 '4( 6 6'&3 V, 5'V=$" 6 M &"! =' 6" , (8 5$8E8 - " & 6 (#'. D$ '6$ '3' 4( $ 65(V 3 N4(B, V' 9, '"(S"' M(, ?E6$4 54 S$ , '#3$ '?$ 3 N49" $ M(4$4 ? ! 3= # 3= #$. < 5'M$4(" Z, <$=(" " "( = "94 ?E 6E&'6$, >='"5 B 3'4M(" 5=$& !59 5$8 5 5'?'B, '# ?" ! ' 5'?5 6(""'#' 6E5 =(4$. C4'6'8, ' E $ 5$8' ? B5 6$ - 6'='5 S(5 349 >='"5 '#', "(S ' 6='3( V$=$ = , $ (#' '" 8$Z 9 '"AE. C 'S &=(" 9 '?[( = "9 'B 8'=$4 65( =$6 4!"'. 7' #4$6$ "( ?(3 (4!"$ 5 V 3'M(5 6(""'B 'S &=(" 9, 5 'S &=(" 9 5 = =E ='8$"$. a ' "(&"$S (4!"'( 5'?E ( 6 4 " 6$( 59 6 (8 5"$-58(= , ' '=$9 ='V'3 S(=(& 65Z " # 5 4 5 S(5 "$= W$( =$5'#4 ? " 5$8' ? B5 6$ ;""E. g54 9 "( 'W ?$Z5!, 6 #4$6( ' '54(3"(8 (W(5 6 #(=' " 6 (( $89 " =$& "( 65 4E6$( ' E $ >='"5 '#' ' '"S ! 5 5'?'B. 7( 5 =$""' 4 N '? ;""$ 3'4M"$ ?E4$ ?E 65 '8" ! ' "(B, &$3 8$6 56'B 5'?5 6(""EB =' '6'B 4$". D'45 'B-V 3'M" '" 8$4, S ' (8$ 5$8' ? B5 6$ >='"5 '#' &6 S 6 "'B '"$4!"'5 , S ' '"$ 3= #'#' ' ("$ '"$, =(W("$ 5'65(8 6 "'8 4ZS( 5 4( V 3'M(5 6(""' "( 569&$"$ 5 =(358(= "E8 8E5498 ;""E.
*** i6'B"'B 'W8$=. C'"- 'W8$= #=$( 5 4ZS (4!"' 6$M" Z ='4! 6 " #(. d #'6'=Z ' «36'B"'8 'W8$=(» ' '8 , S ' ;""$ >='"5 B 6 39 '3 " ' M( 5'". (%" 5 =( 49( 6("&(4('?=$&"'B 569&!Z 36$ "3 6 3 $4!"EV 5'&"$" 9 - 54 S$B V'='W' &6(5 "EB 6 $ "$&E6$(8'B =($4!"'B M &" .) <='8( '#', 95"', S ' ;""$ >='"5 B 6 N ' 8 # (4( $ (=(M 6$Z ' M( 5$8'(, S ' < 5 @(6 "E8, '#3$ '" #$3E6$Z 8E54 3= # 3= #$ 8(4'8 W ? 6E = &"$" B "$ &(4("'8 5 "( 4'8?(="'#' 5 '4$. 7' 8(M3 < @(6 "E8 569&! 56( 4$9, 4 S(&$="$9, ' =E6$Z[$9 A(4E( 3$4 "(M"'-
252
5 , 64Z?4(""'B = 69&$""'5 , 6$M(" 9 "$5 '9[(#' ?4$M("5 6$. ;""$ >='"5 B 6 39 #"( [ B, S 3'6 ["EB "'S"'B 'W8$= 5 M$5"E8 ='6 3S(5 8 '3='?"'5 98 . <$ 6E, 3'4M"' ?E !, M( 3'#$3$4 5!, 9 89# ', "' ?(&'#'6'='S"' ' 8( $Z b=(B3 5 5 '( '4 '6$" ( 5"'6 5 (#' '='8 "$ 5 86'4E, ' '=E(, 6'&8'M"', 8(Z $ Z- ' =($4!" Z '5"'6 6 3'6'4!"'- $ 4'5 '8 (3$" S"'8 8( 6("5 '#' W$=4$ $"$, "' 6'65( "( 6 5'&"$" 4Z3(B, "( = S(""EV 5'6=(8(""'8 5 V'$"$4 & . R'N '8 9 ? 3 #'6'= ! ' (8( 'W8$=$, ' =$95! "$ '"9 9 $6 '=$, ' (5 ! "$ '45 '65 B V 3'M(5 6(""EB 8( '3. 2 6' S ' 9 V'S 53(4$ !: 9 ='B3 5! 5 b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j ' 9 8(Z 6 6 3 , #'6'=9 ' 5'5 $6"EV S$59V 5"$? \E 3'4M"E 95" !, S ' 5'" - N ' =(35 $64(" (, ($ =$4!"$9 !(5$, '5 $64(""$9 6 "$W(8 5'&"$" = = #4 W(""'8 56( ( (=(3 ?(5 '4 '6'B ?4 'B. R=(35 $64(" ( N ' '?ES"' ?(&3$="'(, 5' 54 S$B"E8 '3 '= $8 W$ $Z[ 859 &$3" '8, '5 $64("' '"' 4'V', #=$Z 6 "(8 $ (=E-4Z? (4 . 7' 6 3$""EB 8'8(" "$5 " (=(5 ( ', S ' $ (=E, '3 '= 3( '=$A 6&9 E =(M 55(='8 5"$ & "$W(B 3"(6"'B M &" . 7(-
253
' '=E( 56(M ( 5 $=E( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 "(?=(M"' "$5 (V (=( $5'6$"E "$ 8 "'B 5A("( "$W V 5"'6. >=(89 ' 6=(8(" ='? M3$Z[ B59 8'&# '?"$= M 6$( '5 ='6' 58E54$ 6' 6S(=$W"(8 5"(; (54 N ' "(S ' 'S("! 9= '( 4 V' ! 6 S(8- ' 5'6 $3$Z[(( 5 #4 ? ""E8 4$5 $8 "$W(#' 5'&"$" 9, '#3$ 5'" 8'M( 5'5 $6 ! (3 "'( A(4'( '6 '=9 !59, 6'&'?"'649 !59, S ' ='5V'3 ;""E. <$ '6E M( 6 (S$ 4(" 9, ' '=E( 5'" 6E"'5 "$ 5A(" ? %S(6 3"', S ' '" 'V [("E & "$W(B 3"(6"'B M &" , "' = "94 "'6E( b'=8E 6E6(=" E "$ &"$" N 5(= 8(" $ '='8- '5 $"'6[ '8, $ 6'65( "( 6("5 8 &$(B" '8. <'W8$= ;""E >='"5 '#' = " 8$( '?=$& 5 =$W"'#' 8 M S $ 5 =EM(B ?'='3'B, 5 4'" 6W(#'59 "$3 8(W '8, ' 'W$[(#'59 6 "(8 S '- ' ?'=8'S [(#' '-b=$"A &5 , V' 9 ' 6 3 N ' = 55 B ='4( $= B. j '?E '"9 ! 5 55 6' D'45 '#', 6$M"' '?=$ ! 6" 8$" ( "$ ', $ 5 =' 59 5'", "$ 5'(3 "(" ( '?=E6 '6, & ' '=EV N ' 'W8$= 3'4M(" 5'5 '9 !; '5 ='(" ( "$S "$( 59 5 V (=6'B 65 =(S , '#3$ M(4(&"'3'='M"'#' 5 '='M$ =$&3$6 4' "$58(= !. d =(34$#$Z ='58' =( ! 65( ' =E6 , #3( 65 =(S$Z 59 N4(8(" E, & ' '=EV 5'5 $64(" N ' '?[ B 5'". a b'=8''?=$& Z[ ( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 9 "$&E6$Z 5'5 $649Z[ 8 5"$. >'5 '8 "$" ( ' =$&3$64(""'8 5' =E ' "$ 3"( 'W8$=$, ' '=EB =(54(3 ( ;"" . g#' M( 6 3 >='"5 B (V' 9 "( 6 $ V '3='?"'5 9V). <$ 6E#493(4 =$&3$64(""EB? >'- (=6EV, '" 6(5! &$ $" &-&$ 8'='&$ 'N '8 "( &$8(S$( '(&3$, ' '=EB = 6(& ;"" >='"5 '#'. a $ «&$ $""'5 !» ' $&$"$ (=(3 (8, $ =' 5V'3 "(5S$5 "EB 54 S$B, = '8'[ $ V &'?=$& (4!"EV 5=(35 6: 6' - 6 (S$ 4(" ( >='"5 '#' "$ 5 $"A (=(3 = ?E (8 '(&3$, #3( (3( ;""$: «C 6'&! 8'='&"EB $= 6 3"(4 5! =$?'S ( 6 '4 W ? $V, 6 89# V 6$4("EV 5$ '#$V, (=(V'3 6W ( S(=(& =(4!5E &$# ?$Z[ V59 (B» '#3$ =' $ 459 $='6'&, 8'M"' ?E4' 6 3( ! 4$"9Z[(#'59 8$W " 5 $, '?69&$""'#' &$ "3(6(4'#'. a ' =$&3$64(""EB ?E4 "(5S$5 "EB, ?(3"EB S(4'6( , '54( ' '='#' '5 $4'5! '#='8"'( 5(8(B5 6', - ' 5Z3$ '?=$& =$5 (=&$""'#' ?(3"9# .
254
%?=$ ( 6" 8$" (: N ' "(5S$5 "EB - (=6'( &6("', 569&$6W(( >='"5 '#' ;"" . ;""$ &"$( , S ' >='"5 B 3$4 3("!# 5(8!( 5 '='M$ 4 W! =$3 "((, N ' (#' (=6EB '3$=' (B, $ &$8 M"99 M("[ "$ "( 3'4M"$ = " 8$ ! '3$= ' '5 '='"" V. C '='M$ =$&3$6 4' '#='8"'B 8$55'B M(4(&$. 2 6' (=6E( 6 (S$ 4(" 9 >='"5 '#' = = ?4 M(" '(&3$: «C4EW$459 56 5 $='6 $ "$ 3$4!" V =(4!5$V (=(36 M(" ( S(#'- ' 9M(4'#'». %S("! 9= ' &'?=$M("' 3='M$" ( 4$ b'=8E. D( (=! '58' = 8 "$ N ' '?=$&: &$ $""EB, =$&3$64(""EB, =$5 4Z[(""EB 8( $44'8 S(4'6( . 23(9 «&$ $""'5 » ='54(M 6$( 59 6 5 =$""EV 536 #$V 5"$ 96 , ' '=E( =' 5V'39 ;""E ' 3'='#( 6 R( (=? =# 6 "'S"'8 '(&3(. ^$ $""EB, &$"(5(""EB 5"(#'8 '"3 '= 5 ' " , ' '='#' '"$ 6 3 6 '4 5"(, #=E& [ B S '- ' 6 5 ("( 5 $ 8 &6 '8, 54'6"' '#'- ' =$&3 =$Z "$ S$5 ; N ' 65( ' M( =$&3$64(""EB S(4'6( , '4! ' 6 3= #'8 '?4 S!(, 5 86'4 S(#'- ' 5' ='6(""'#', '5 E3"'#', (=&$Z[(#', 4'8$Z[(#' 8 S (4!"'#', 4(M$[ B "$ 3"( (( "'6'B 5 =$5 >='"5 '8 . 28(""' &$ $""EB S(4'6( '?c9649( '5 $"'6 , "$ ' '='B '"$ 65 =(S$( >='"5 '#'. D9M(4$9 M(4(&"$9 3(9 569&E6$( 59 5' 65(8 N 8 $= " $8 6' 6=(89 (( (W(5 6 9 3'8'B. 7$ N 'B '5 $"'6 ( '"$ 6 3 5 '4!&" 6W Z '3 "'#$8 , 5'#" Z ("! S(4'6( $, ?!Z[(#' 8'4' '8 ' M(4(& , $ ' '8 - >='"5 '#', ''=EB (3( &$ "(Z 6 '8 M( '(&3( 5 ' ' '4' "(( "$ 4$ b'=8(, #3( 54EW 59 5 8'4' $ ' M(4(& . j(=E =$&3$64(""'#' =$&=$5 $Z 59 #4 ?' ' ' (S$ E6$Z 59 6 (( 5'&"$" . >'&" $Z 36$ "'6EV 4(B 8' 6$, 5' ='6'M3$Z[ V 8' 6 «&$ $""'5 »: «=$5 (=&$""'5 !» «5 ' M(4(& ». X$5 (=&$""EB S(4'6( "$6 5$( "$3 ( 5 '8. %" = 3
59 "$3 M(4(&"E8
'4(5$8 .
*** <=$5"EB 8(W'S( . <=$5"EB 8(W'S( ;""E = #' '64(" D'45 E8 6 28-B #4$6( (=6'B S$5 . %" ' 5$" $ « #-
255
= W(S"EB», « ='W(S"EB», "' '&3"(( '" 6E=$5 ( . C'? =$95! ' " ! 8'5 '65 B 3'8 i'44 , ;""$, ?'=95! 5 6"(&$ "' '35 6W 8 54(&$8 , 5 4'"9( 56'( =$5=$5"(6W((59 4 A' "$3 8$4("! 8 8(W'S '8, 6 ' '=EB '"$ 4$3( "'S"'B S( S ?$ 5 '6E( 4$ . %"$ ' ='( N ' =$5"EB 8(W'S( , '#3$ 5 =' 59 6 6$#'"(, S '?E 6E" ! '3 W(S , $"#4 B5 B ='8$" "'M 349 =$&=(&$" 9 ? 8$# , $ &$ (8 =$5"EB 8(W'S( (=(V'3 6 = (( 54 M$" , &(6$Z[(B (=(3 "(Z. a ' '54(3"99 6([!, ' '= Z '"$ ='"9( , ?='5$95! '3 '(&3, S(=(& S( E=( 5 '4'6 "'B #'3$ (6 8$( 1876-#'), '#3$ 8(W'S( , ' '=EB '"$ 5 $=$( 59 ' 69&$ !, "$ 8 " &$3(=M 6$( ((. D( (=! 8E '3V'3 8 '8 , S ' '?'&"$S$4'5! 54'6'8 « $3(" (». > 8'=$4!"'8 58E54( 5A("$ N $ 'S("! 3$4( $ ' O4'?(=$, ' ?4$M("5 6$ a88E 5 #$=E X'3'4!b$ 6 "(?'4!W'8, &$4 '8 5'4"A(8 5'5"'6'8 4(5 "( '3$4( ' 2'"6 49. j(=(& 6(5! N &'3 ='V'3 =$&6(=" '( 58E54'6'( 5=$6"(" ( 5 = M(5 'B &8("E 5 M(5 ' 8 ? B5 6'8 - (4' ;""E =$5 ' $"' =$&3$64("' (( 4Z?'6" '8, (( #=(V'8. %"$ M(= 6$ $ 'B- ' 5' = W (4!"'B 5 4E. «D', S ' 'S A(4EB #'3 349 >='"5 '#' 5'5 $6494' 54ZS (4!"' '3"' M(4$"!( (#' M &" , &$8(" 6W(( (8 65( =(M" ( M(4$" 9; ', S ' 349 ;""E ?E4' "(6'&8'M"'Z, M$5"'Z (8 ?'4(( '?6'='M (4!"'Z 8(S 'Z 5S$5 9, - N ' M(4$" ( ?E4' 3'64( 6'=("'. Y4(3"EB, 5 3='M$[(Z " M"(Z S(4Z5 !Z, '" 5 '94 "$3 "(Z 8'494 5 ' ' !59, 5$8 "( &"$9, 6 S(8 S(8. - ;""$! ;""$! - #'6'= 4 '" 3='M$[ 8 #'4'5'8. <...> %" S 65 6'6$4 ', S ' 3'4M(" S 65 6'6$ ! ? BA$, '#3$ 6 3 (4', 4 W(""'( 8 M &" . a ' (4', 4 W(""'( 8 M &" , ?E4$ V 4Z?'6!, (=6EB (= '3 V 4Z?6 ... C E3 =(3 3 V'6"'Z "$#' 'Z 56'(B 3$6 4 (( 5''?[$459 (8 . 7', "(58' =9 "$ 6(5! M$5 ? BAE =(3 (4'8 ? '#', "$3' =(&$ ! "$ 5 , =9 $ ! N ' (4', "$3' '4!&'6$ !59 (8, S ' ? BA$ = '?=(4 ? B5 6'8. 2 5 '&4'?4(" (8, $ ? 3 ' 5' 5 =$5 !Z, ?='5$( 59 ? BA$ "$ N ' (4', $[ , =(M( (#'; $ '" '-
256
=E6$4 'A(4 98 (( 4 A' 4(S ». D$ =$&6 6$( 59 (8$ 58(= , ' '=$9 6 (=6E( &$&6 S$4$ 6 ' 8 #, '#3$ &$ $""EB 5 '='M ' $4 '3 '(&3, "$ ' '='8 ;""$ = (V$4$ 6 \'5 6 .
*** D( (=! 8E '3#' '64("E 36 8 5"$8, #'3. j$5 ! S( 6(= $9, #4$6$ 2.
' '=E( '"
6 39 S(=(&
«>(=" 6W 5! 3'8'B, >='"5 B "$W(4 5(?9 &$ 5 ' ;""E. %"$ 5$4$: «d ?'4!"$ "(5S$5 4 6$. d "( 8'# 6E(&M$ !, "' "( 8'# 3'4(( "( 6 3$ ! 6$5. R= (&M$B ( 6(S(='8. > 5(8! S$5'6 ;4( 5(B ;4( 5$"3='6 S (3( "$ 5'6( ='? 3( 3' 3(59 »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«j ' $ '(? j '? j ' $ '( 5 =$W"'( 9 6 3(4 6' 5"(? i$, 3$. \ M '? 4$3S , $M( 59, 8$4("! B, #=9&"EB, 5' 6&c(='W(""'B ?'='3 'B, S '- ' 3(4$4 "$#" 6W 5! 63= # &$#'6'= 4 '-b=$"A &5 $ (- ' 5 =$""E( 54'6$. i$, ?'4!W( " S(#' "( ?E4' 6' 5"(, - 5 $&$4 '" 5(?(. - 7' ' S(#' M( N ' ?E4' $ M$5"'?» %" M 6' 65 '8" 4 ' 9 ! 8 M $ ( "( '"9 "E( b=$"A &5 ( 54'6$, ''=E( =' &"'5 4 N ' 8 M , M$5 ='?(M$4 V'4'3'8 ' (#' 5 "(. «j ' &$ 6&3'=!» ' $&3E6$4 ;""(.
'3 8$4 >='"5
B
61" 4 "$ S$5E. (%"
>'B39 6 3'8 56'(B 4Z?'6" AE, '" 65 =( 4 6EV'39[(#' <$=(" "$.) >='"5 B ' 4'" 459, ;4( 5(B ;4( 5$"3-
257
='6 S, 'M(6$6 = '8, '3"94 = W49 ( ='W(4. >='"5 B 6 3(4, $ '", "( '#493E6$95!, 5(4 6 $=( , = "94 6 ' "' 4(3 ? "' 4! 5 =E459. >='"5 B 6'W(4 6 (=(3"ZZ. Y='6 (#' ?E4 "$V8 =("E, #4$&$ ?4(5 (4 &4E8 #'=3E8 ?4(5 '8. <...> g[( 6 (=(3"(B '" 54EV$4 (( 3$49Z[ (59 W$# . %" '"94, S ' '"$ M3$4$ (#', = 54 W 6$4$5! ( (=! 6(=" 4$5! 6 #'5 " Z. - 7( ! - 65 = " 4$ '"$, 6 3$6 (#', = (=6'8 &6 ( (( #'4'5$ 54(&E 65 4 (B 6 #4$&$, - "( , (54 N ' $ ? 3( ='3'4M$ !59, ' N ' 54 S 59 ([( #'=$&3', #'=$&3' =(M3(! - j ', 8'B 3= #?
- j '? d M3 , 8 S$Z5!, S$5, 36$... 7( , 9 "( ? 3 !.. d "( 8'# 55'= !59 5 '?'B. >(="', E "( 8'#. 7( , "( ? 3 ! %"$ '4'M 4$ '?( = "$ (#' 4(S 3'4#' 58' =(4$ "$ "(#' #4 ?' 8, 6'5 '=M(""E8 68(5 ( 5 E Z[ 8 6ǭ'8. (%?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, (=6'(, S ' '"$ #'6'= (8 , $ "5 6(""' 569&$"' 5 (( 58(= !Z.) <...> - C'"? 6' 5"(.
'6 '= 4 >='"5
B
8#"'6(""' 65 '8" 4 56'(#' 8 M
$
- i$, 5'", - 5 $&$4$ '"$. - i$6"' M 9 6 3(4$ N ' 5'". d 6 3(4$, S ' 9 6?(M$4$ 6 56'Z 5 $4!"Z, S ' 8"( " M"' $8 6&9 ! S '- ', &"$ ! S '- '; E &"$(W!, $ N ' ?E6$( 6' 5"(, - #'6'= 4$ '"$, 5 M$5'8 W =' ' ' =E6$9 #4$&$, - 6 5 $4!"(, 6 #4 5 ' S '- '. - ;V, $ 'B 6&3'=! <$ 8'M"' 6(=
!...
7' '"$ "( '&6'4 4$ 5(?9 54 W '8 6$M"' 349 "((.
!. D', S ' '"$ #'6'= 4$, ?E4'
(=(?
- 2 N ' S '- ' '6(=" 4'5!, 9 6 M , S ' N ' 8 M 8$4("! B 5 6&c(='W(""'Z ?'='3'B 5 =$W"EB. d V' (4$ ?(M$ !, "' '" "$#" 459 "$3 8(W '8 = $8 S '- ' ''W 59 $8... %"$ =(35 $6 4$, $ '" ' 'W 59 6 8(W (. fM$5 ?E4 "$ (( 4 A(. 2 >='"5 B, 65 '8 "$9 56'B 5'", S 65 6'6$4
258
$ 'B M( M$5, "$ '4"96W B (#' 3 W . - %" ' 'W 59 = #'6$= 6$( '-b=$"A &5 , 5 '='-5 '=' , &"$(W!, #=$55 = ( : «II faut battre le fer, le broyer, le p(trir...» 2 9 ' 5 =$V$ &$V' (4$ ='5" !59, ='5" 4$5!... "' 9 ='5" 4$5! 6' 5"(. 2 5 $4$ 5 =$W 6$ ! 5(?9, S ' N ' &"$S . 2 <'="(B 8"( #'6'= : «X'3$8 , ='3$8 8=( (, ='3$8 , 8$ W $...» (%"$ 8=( "( ='3$8 . %"$ 8=( «='3$8 » 3 W , = ='M3(" 6(=E.) <...> 7' 63= # '"$ '5 $"'6 4$5!. >E=$M(" ( (( 4 A$ 8#"'6(""' &8(" 4'5!. fM$5 6'4"(" ( 63= # &$8(" 4 5! 6E=$M(" (8 V'#', 5(=!(&"'#' ?4$M(""'#' 6" 8$" 9. %" "( 8'# '"9 ! &"$S(" 9 N 'B (=(8("E. %"$ 54EW$4$ 6 5(?( 36 M(" ( "'6'B M &" ». (%?=$ ( 6" 3((B ='M3(" 56( $, 5 86'4 '=EB 6 3 5 '#' 58(= ! -
8$" (, S ' 3(9 58(= (=( 4 $( 59 5 9 =(?(" $. g( " M"' 569&$ ! 5 8(=A$" (8 & = Z[ 8 =(?(" $ < , 5' 56( '8, ';""$ (=(3 (8, $ '"$ 8=( . i49 D'4='M3(" ( 3 W .)
D( (=! 5=$6" 8 5"E ;""E >='"5 '#'. > #4$6"'8 '" 'V'M , '?$ '5"'6$"E "$ =' 5W(5 6 , 54 S 6W(859 '4 '=$ #'3$ "$&$3 "$ M(4(&"'B 3'='#(, '#3$ 5 '='M$ =$&3$6 4' '(&3'8. 7' >='"5 '#' &$ $""EB "(5S$5 "EB 8 M &$8("(", 4 SW( 5 $&$ ! - (#' #=$( =(5 !9" "-'? 4$3S , S$5 6'6$6W B 6 8(36(M!(B 'V' (. > 5'" ;""E 6 '=#$Z 59 6 (S$ 4(" 9 & (( (W(5 6 9 6 R( (=? =# - '"3 '=, 5 ' " . > '?' V 5"$V 5 =$W"'#' 8 M $ 6&4'V8$S(""$9 ?'='3$, '" ' 'W 59 S '- ' ?'=8'S( - '5 $ «&$ $""'#'» '?=$&$. > '?' V 5"$V '" "$ 4'"9( 59 ?'=8'S( 'b=$"A &5 ('" '?$ '?ES"' #'6'= 4 '-b=$"A &5 6 « '33(4!"'8», ' 8"(" Z D'45 '#', 8 =(), "' >='"5 B "( '" 8$( , $ 6' ;""$ - '" 8$( , S ' 6 N V b=$"A &5 V 54'6$V &6 S 3(9 M(4(&$, ' (5 ! S(#'- ' =$5 4Z[(""'#' =$&3$64(""'#', S(8 5 $"( '"$ 5$8$.
*** R'54(3" B 3("! ;""E. j(=(3$ '54(3'6$ (4!"'5 ! 5'?E B N '#' 8$B5 '#' 3"9 1876 #. 6 '4"( 'S(6 3"E. >
259
9 " A '"$ 55'= 59 5 >='"5 8, ' '8 '" 8 =9 59 =(W$Z (V$ ! & \'5 6E 6 '8(5 !( >='"5 '#' 6 k("=$4!"'B X'55 6 '"(3(4!" 4 6' 6 '=" , $ (B V' (4'5!. >='"5 B M(4$( (V$ ! '&M( &-&$ 56' V 3(4, ' '=E( (8 "('?V'3 8' &$ '"S !, "' &$ (8 5'#4$W$( 59. (%" ='3$( 4'W$3! 3'8, = "$34(M$[ B 8$ (= .) 7( 'S"'5 ! >. 7$?' '6$: =(5("!(. - R= 8. =(3.
D'45 '#' =(S!
3(
' 5 ??' (
6'5-
> 5 ??' ' %?4'"5 '#', ' '=EB "$V'3 59 6 R( (=? =#(, = V'3 (4(#=$88$, 5''?[$Z[$9, S ' <$=(" " 6=93 4 3$5 ;""( =$&6'3. ;""$ 6"'6! 55'= 59 5 >='"5 8, >='"5 B A(4EB 3("! ' 5 5 6 ( , 4$M 6$9 56' 3(4$. > 6'5 =(5("!( ='8, 6 '54(3" B 3("! (( M &" , '"$ ='5E $( 59 ' 'W8$=$, ' '=EB M( "( =$& 5" 459 (B, ([( 3' '#', $ '"$ 5 $4$ 4Z?'6" A(B >='"5 '#'. \ M S' 5 6&c(='W(""'B ?'='3'B S '- ' 3(4$( , 5 4'" 6W 5! "$3 M(4(&'8 ?'=8'S$ ?(558E54(""E( b=$"A &5 ( 54'6$, $ '"$, $ S$5 ' ?E6$4' 5 "(Z 6' 5"(, S 65 6 ( , S ' N ' 8 M "( '?=$[$( "$ "(( " $ '#' 6" 8$" 9, "' 65(, S ' '" 3(4$( 5 M(4(&'8, =' 5V'3 5 "(Z. f6 3(6 N ' S 3'6 ["EB 'W8$= 6 '54(3" B =$&, ;""$ &$8(S$( & 56'(#' ' "$, $ >='"5 B 6(3( &E5 $"" Z ?(5(3 5 8'4'3'B 3$8'B (( 8$(=!Z, ' '= Z 5 $=$9 #=$b "9 >='"5 $9 ' ='5 4$ (=(3$ ! ? 8$# & 56'(#' &$#'='3"'#' 8(" 9. 2V " M"' '3 5$ ! 6 569& 5 ='3$M(B 3'8$. >='"5 B (&M$( , $ "( = 8 = 6W 5! 5 ;""'B. C"$S$4$ '" "$ =$649( 59 6 '"ZW" &$ 4'W$3!Z, ' '= Z V'S( ='3$ !, ''8 ' 5E4$( N $M ;""( (&M$( "$ '(&3( 6 &$#'='3"'( 8(" ( 8$ (= , S '?E '4 S ! (( '3 5! "$ ? 8$#$V. R(=6'( 5!8', #3( ;""$ 8'49( (#' "( '5 $649 ! (( '3" , '54$"' (Z 5 S(='8 \ V$B4'B 6 '"ZW" , "' >='"5 B M( (V$4, '5E4!"EB 5!8' 6'&6=$[$Z 59 '?=$ "'. >='"5 B = (V$4 "$ 5 $"A Z, S '?E ' =$6 !59 "$ '(&3( 8$ (= . ;""$ '5E4$( 65( '#' M( \ V$ 4 5 'B M( &$ 5 'B 5 $='B #=$b "( >='"5 'B '3"'6=(8(""' '5E4$( (4(#=$88 (8 63'#'" 5 ='5!?'B 6(=" !59 "(B. <'=' $9 (4(#=$88$ = V'3 =(M3( =$# S(5 'B &$ 5 .
260
R= 8(="' 6 = S$5$ ' '4 3" '"$ (3( i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b "9 >='"5 $9 V'S( M(" ! 5E"$, "$V'3 59 6 '8 M( 8(" . >59 5 $A 9 =(35 $649( 59 (B 3!96'4!5 'B " = #'B, "$ =$64(""'B =' 6 "((. %"$ =(W$( ' '"S ! 5 5'?'B ?='5$( 59 '3 '4(5$ #= &'6'#' '(&3$ 6 N ' 95"EB 8$B5 B 6'5 =(5"EB 6(S(= 1876 #., S(=(& 45 4( '54( 58(= a88E Y'6$= . D$ '6$ A( ! 5'?E B. D( (=! 6(="(859 "$ 9 ! S$5'6 "$&$3, "( ' '=E8 '?5 '9 (4!5 6$8 (( '54(3"(#' 6'5=(5"'#' 3"9. R' ' C'&"$" 9, 4 >" =("" B \'"'4'# - 5 '5'? &'?=$M(" 9, &'?=( (""EB D'45 E8, = 55 8 5$ (4(8, &$3'4#' 3' iM(B85$ iM'B5$. a ' (5 (5 6(""EB V'3 5'&"$" 9, ' "$ E $Z[ B59 "$ S 65 6$ 6'5 '8 "$" 9, ' V'39[ B '3 &(84Z, ', $ 5 =E EB 4ZS, ?!Z[ B &'3 &(84 ' =$M$Z[ B S$5 AE 6"(W"(#' 8 =$; 56'(#' ='3$ &$ 5! 5'&"$" 9 3(B5 6 Z[(#' 4 A$, ( [(#' 6 (=(3 6 (=(3, (=(5 $ 6$" ( 5 '3"'#' '?=$&$ 4 3( "$ 3= # Z ?(& 659 '#' $6 '=5 '#' '88(" $= 9 4 5 '4 '6$" 9. f D'45 '#' N ' = (8 5 [(5 6 ( 6 &$S$ (, $ $ $6 '= '8'#$( S $ (4Z, iM(B85$ iM'B5$ '" 3'6(3(" 3' 8$ 5 8$4!"'B 5 ( (" '?c( 6"'B &$ 5 .
261
>(="(859 '54(3"(8 3"Z ;""E. \'5 6$, 6'5 =(5("!( 1876 #. R'54( =(""(#' 3'M39 '#'3$ ='95" 4$5!: «h(4(&"E( ='64 , 4 E =' $='6, #'4EW 8'5 '6'B, '4(5$ 'M , 8(3! M(5 ! N $M(B - 65( 9= ' ?4(5 (4' "$ 8$B5 '8 5'4"A(». D= S$5$ 3"9, 6'5 =(5("!(, \'5 6$. R' $ ;""$ 5 3(4$ 6 #4 3'?"'B '495 , '"$ 5 $4$ 65 '8 "$ ! 5'?E 9 ='W4EV 3"(B, 56' 55'=E 5 >='"5 8. %"$ =( $4$ 5(?9 &$ " M(" 9, 3' ' '=EV '"$ ' 5 4$5!. ^$ (8 '"$ 5 $4$ S $ ! 6E6(5 "$ 4$6 $V. ^3(5! "$S "$( 59 ' ' 5'&"$" 9: «<'" '=$ 5 4$3. ^ ?"'B 6=$S. i$, 9 5 $M i'44 65(. %"$ "( 4Z? >='"5 '#'. Y 3( 5 E3"', ?'4!"', "' 9 65( 5 $M (B. %"$ 4Z? 8("9, 9 '54(3 Z (( 5'6( . d "( ' '=Z5! (8 ; 9 "( '&6'4Z (8 6'5 E6$ ! 5(?9. O 4 '6, $4$S . :'6'=9 , S ' '" 6'&9 (5 ' 6 R( (=? =#. >'3$ 8'5 '65 $9 $ V'='W$. ; 8E [ "5 ( '4'3AE ?4 "E». 2 '"$ 65 '8" 4$, $ 3$6"', 3$6"', '#3$ (B ?E4' ([( 5(8"$3A$ ! 4( , '"$ (&3 4$ 5 ( 'B D=' A(. «7$ 4'W$39V ([(. 7( M(4 N ' ?E4$ 9, 5 =$5"E8 = $8 ? <$ 8"'#'( & '#', S ' '#3$ 8"( $&$4'5! $ =( =$5"' "(3'5 "', 5 $4' " S 'M"', $ ', S ' ?E4' '#3$, ( (=! "$6( "(3'5 "'. R'6(= 4$ 4 ?E 9 '#3$, S ' 9 8'# 3'B 3' $ '#' " M(" 9? <$ '" ? 3( #'=3 3'6'4(", '4 S 6 8'Z &$ 5 ! 7' 9 3' $M (8 ... <$ 3 ="' $V"( N $ =$5 $. ^$S(8 '" 65( =$59 5 ='9 ? \'3E ?'=E», - S $4$ '"$. \ MS "$ ' 4'" 459 (B. a ' ?E4 8 M ;"" W . «7$W $=$& E, - 65 '8" 4$ '"$, $ N ' #'6'= 4 >='"5 B. - 7$W ? 'S(8 "$W ? fM$5"' ', S ' "(4!&9 6E=6$ ! 5 '="(8 ='W(3W(#'». <...> 7' '"$ ' S$5 M( 5 $4$ 3 8$ ! ' '8, S(8 8'#4 $ 4E?$ !59 N 36( 3(6 W . «>(="', ' 4Z?6 ? %" "( &"$Z , $ N ' "(6(5(4', $ " & '... Y 4!6$= 3( . D= 8$4!S $ ?(# , #=$9 6 4'W$3 . C(=(M$! (C"'6$ 6" =("" B 4 = S(5 B = .) 2 9 65( ' (=9Z "( 6'&6=$[ (#'». R'54( " S(8 "( '"S 6W(B59 65 =(S 5 i'44 , '#3$ '"$ 54 S$B"' 6 3 59 5 < , '"$ (3( 3'8'B. R' 3'8'B 5"'6$ "$S "$( 59 ' ' 5'&"$" 9. g( 8E54 36 M 59 ' 54 S$B"'#' ((3 " S"'#') 3=$8$ S(5 '8 ('?[(8 ). D'45 EB = 89"EB #'5 '3 " = " 8$( (( &$ 56'Z &"$ '-
262
8 Z, = '3" 8$( 4'5"9[ Z59 W49 "$3 4E5'Z 4'5"9[(B59 #'4'6'B, ' '8 ?(M3$( 59, S ' '" 'W ?59. «%" 3 8$4, S ' '" 8("9 &"$( . ; '" &"$( 8("9 $ M( 8$4', $ ' ?E ' " ?E4' "$ 56( ( &"$( 8("9. d 5$8$ "( &"$Z. d &"$Z 56' $ ( E, $ #'6'=9 b=$"A &E. >' 8 V'S( 59 N '#' #=9&"'#' 8'='M("'#'. a ' '" &"$Z "$6(="'(, - 3 8$4$ '"$, #4939 "$ 36 V 8$4!S '6, '5 $"'6 6W V 8'='M(" $, ' '=EB 5" 8$4 5 #'4'6E $3 =$4 '"A'8 '4' ("A$ ' "'( 4 A'. - >5(8 "$8 V'S( 59 54$3 '#', 6 5"'#'. 7( '"b( , ' #=9&"'#' 8'='M("'#'. 2 < $ M(: "( >='"5 B, ' @(6 ". 2 '"$ &$6 3 ( 8"(. 2 "("$6 3 8("9. 2 65( 8E "("$6 3 8 3= # 3= #$. d < ,< 8("9. >' N ' =$63$. DZ ! ", coiffeur... Je me fais coiffer par DZ ! "... d N ' 5 $M (8 , '#3$ '" = (3( , - '3 8$4$ '"$ 4E?" 4$5!. 7' 6 M( 8 " '"$ 65 '8" 4$, S ' (B "( '8 ( (=! #'6'= ! " S(#' 58(W"'#'. - i$ " S(#' 58(W"'#', 6(5(4'#' "( . >5( #$3 '. ^6'"9 6(S(="(, (A N ' $ $ =$ "' =(5 59! - 'S"' ?' 59 6E='" ! S '- '. ^$S(8 N A(= 6 , N ' &6'" N $ 4'M!? D'4! ' 349 '#', S '?E 5 =E !, S ' 8E 65( "("$6 3 8 3= # 3= #$, $ N &6'&S , ' '=E( $ &4'?"' ?=$"9 59». < S(= O(3'= =$6 , R( = 5 3 "$ '&4$V, '"$ (3( "$ 5 $"A Z, S '?E ' =$6 !59 6 %? =$4'6 . \E 6"'6! 54EW 8 ' ' 5'&"$" 9: «i$, ' S(8 9 '54(3"(8 $ V'='W' 3 8$4$? - 5 $=$4$5! 65 '8" ! '"$. - DZ ! ", coiffeur? 7( , "( '. i$, =' ', S ' #'6'= dW6 ": ?'=!?$ &$ 5 [(5 6'6$" ( "("$6 5 ! - '3"', S ' 569&E6$( 4Z3(B. 7( , 6E "$ =$5"' (3( (, - 8E54(""' '?=$4$5! '"$ '8 $" 6 '495 ( S( 6(="(B, ' '=$9, 'S(6 3"', (V$4$ 6(5(4 !59 &$ #'='3. - 2 5'?$ $, ' '= Z 6E 6(&( ( 5 5'?'B, "( '8'M( 6$8. % 5(?9 "( B3( (». < " 6 6ǭ 6 5 '='" , 3$ '?'=$S 6$459 R( =, '"$ 6 3$4$ '4 8(= 6' !9"'#' b$?= S"'#' 5 $S$Z[(Z59 #'4'6'B, ' '='#' 6(& 3$- ' #'='3'6'B. «>' N ' - 5 '=((, - '3 8$4$ '"$. - \E 5 #=$b'8 >='"5 8 $ M( "( "$W4 N '#' 3'6'4!5 6 9, V' 9 8"'#' 'M 3$4 ' "(#'». <...> «i$, " [$9 5 =(?(" '8. %"$ 3 8$( , S ' M$4 ' ((. X$&6( 65( 8E "( ?='W("E "$ 56( &$ (8 '4! ', S '?E "("$6 3( ! 3= # 3= #$ ' '8 8 S$ ! 5(?9 3= # V? : 8"$& 5 E 3 , 58(Z 59. C(=(M$? - 65 '8" 4$ '"$. (C"'6$ 6" =("" B 4 = S(5 B = .) -
263
d 'M( 3 8$4$, S ' 4Z? 4$ (#', 8 494$5! "$3 56'(Z "(M"'5 !Z. ; M 4$ M( 9 ?(& "(#', ='8("94$ M( (#' "$ 3= # Z 4Z?'6! "( M$4'6$4$5! "$ N ' ='8(", ' $ 3'64( 6'=94$5! 'B 4Z?'6!Z». 2 '"$ 5 ' 6=$[(" (8 '3 8$4$ ' '8, S ' '"$ 8(4$ 6 6 3 , #'6'=9 5(?( ' « 'B 4Z?6 », - 56'Z 4' 5 Z 5 =$5 ! >='"5 '8 . %"$ = (&M$( "$ 5 $"A Z 5$3 59 6 '(&3 3' %? =$4'6 - ?4 M$BW(B '8(5 !Z 8$ (= >='"5 '#' 5 $"A . <'#3$ '"$ &$" 8$( 8(5 ', =' 5V'39 36$ 54 S$9. %"$ 54EW =$&#'6'= '-b=$"A &5 6 ' M( 6=(89 6 3 ?(&'?=$&"'#' 8 M $ 5' 5 $""E8 6'4'5$8 , ' =E '#' #=9&!Z, "$# ?$Z[(#'59 '4(5$8 '(&3$. C "(6E"'5 8E8 '[ [(" (8 56(=Vc(5 (5 6(""'#' &"$6$" 9 '"$ 65 '8 "$( 56'B =(M" B 5'", 5 =$W"'#' 8 M $, 3$=96W(#' ' M(4(& ?'=8'S [(#' b=$"A &5 ( 54'6$. O=$"A &5 B 9&E - 5 86'4 b$4!W , $ &$ $""EB $=4 - 5 86'4 (( #=(V$, ' 6=$ (4!"'#' ' 5'W 6W(#' 3 W . a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b'=8(, '?=$[$95! 56'(8 5'?5 6(""'8 &8 S(""'8 5(=3A . «i6( #'=" S"E(, V'3 6W ( ' 4$ b'=8(, &$#" 4 "$&$3 #'4'6E, #4939 "$ "((, S '- ' 5''?=$M$9 654 V ' (( $4( (: «7$5 '9[ (», - 5 $&$4 '" ' = M(6(, ' '='( ?E4' "$ "(B. \'4'3E( 4Z3 "( '5 $6494 (( 6 ' '(. %" ' 9 !, &$#493E6$9 (B 6 4 A' 5' 58(V'8 = S$ S '' "("$ =$4!"E8 #'4'5'8, ='W4 8 8'. 7$S$4!"
264
5 $"A , ='V'39, 5 ='5 4, (3( 4 '"$. \$4!S , ='3$6(A 6$5 , "( 5 5 $4 5 "(( #4$&. «Y'M( 8'B, 3$ 8"(?» - 65( 3$4!W( 3$4!W( V'39 ' 4$ b'=8(, 3 8$4$ '"$. f '"A$ '"$ '5 $"'6 4$5!. i$8E 3( , 65 =( 6W ( #'5 '3 "$ 6 'S $V #='8 ' 58(96W (59 #'6'= 6W (, &$8'4 4 , '#493E6$9 ((, '#3$ '"$ '=$6"94$5! 5 " 8 . %"$ 5 '= 4$ W$# ' 'W4$ ' " V =$Z 4$ b'=8E. R'3V'3 4 '6$="EB '(&3. R4$ b'=8$ &$ =954$5!, (B ' $&$4'5!, S ' '"$ (3( ' 9 !. 2 63= #, 65 '8" 6 ' =$&3$64(""'8 S(4'6( ( 6 3("! (( (=6'B 65 =(S 5 >='"5 8, '"$ '"94$, S ' (B "$3' 3(4$ !. YE5 =E8, 4(# 8 W$#'8 5 5 6W 5! ' 5 ("!$8, ' '=E( W4 ' 6'3' $S =(4!5$8, '"$ '5 $"'6 4$5! '34( 6 4' ! 8 8' (( ='V'39[(#' '(&3$. %"$ 58' =(4$ "$ " & 6$#'"'6, "$ 6 " E A( "$ 6E5' ( S # ""E( '4(5$ 8(34(""' $ 6W(#'59 (=6'#' 6$#'"$ #4$&'8(='8 5 $=$4$5! ' =(3(4 ! 5(=(3 " 8(M3 (=(3" 8 &$3" 8 '4(5$8 8 " , '#3$ 5(=(3 "$ N $ ? 3( =' 6 "((. «D 3$! - #'6'= 4$ '"$ 5(?(, #4939 6 ("! 6$#'"$, "$ 58(W$""EB 5 #4(8 (5' , ' '=E8 ?E4 &$5E $"E W $4E, - 3$, "$ 5$8 Z 5(=(3 " , 9 "$ $M (#' &?$64Z5! ' 65(V ' 5(?9». %"$ V' (4$ $5 ! '3 '=$6"96W B59 5 "(B 5(=(3 "'Z (=6EB 6$#'". 7' =$5"EB 8(W'S( , ' '=EB '"$ 5 $4$ 5" 8$ ! 5 = , &$3(=M$4 ((, ?E4' M( '&3"': 5(=(3 "$ 8 "'6$4$ ((. 7$3' ?E4' M3$ ! 54(3 Z[(#' 6$#'"$. j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«:3( 9? j ' 9 3(4$Z? ^$S(8?» %"$ V' (4$ '3"9 !59, ' -
265
" !59; "' S '- ' '#='8"'(, "( 8'4 8'( '4 " 4' (( 6 #'4'6 ' $[ 4' &$ 5 " . «:'5 '3 , ='5 8"( 65(!» - ='#'6'= 4$ '"$, S 65 6 9 "(6'&8'M"'5 ! ?'=!?E. \ M S' , = #'6$= 6$9 S '- ', =$?' $4 "$3 M(4(&'8. 2 56(S$, = ' '='B '"$ S $4$ 5 '4"("" Z =(6'#, '?8$"'6, #'=9 &4$ " # , 65 EV" 4$ ?'4(( 9= 8, S(8 '#3$-" ? 3!, 56( '8, '56( 4$ (B 65( ', S ' =(M3( ?E4' 6' 8=$ (, &$ =([$4$, 5 $4$ 8(= " ! "$65(#3$ ' V4$».
23 >5( 58(W$4'5! 6 3'8( %?4'"5 V, "' 6' 64$3(" 9V D'45 '#' A$= '4"EB '=93' . <=$5'S"$9 $"'=$8$ #4$6"EV 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A =$&6'=$S 6$( 59 M( 6 (=6'B S$5 ='8$"$. i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f64(S(""EB S $ (4! ' 8( , S ' '=M(5 6 Z[ B 64Z?4(""EB 6 (=6'B S$5 " # "( '- ' & 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B, $ 6(4 S$6EB <$=(" " 5 "( =$5 6E8 W$8 . \E '3V'3 8
266
#4$6"'B 8'=$4 " # : ?=$ <$=(" "EV, #3( "( 5 ""'B 4Z?6 , $ M( #=(V'6(", $ 4Z?'6! ;""E >='"5 '8 . ^3(5! M(, 6 (=6'B S$5 &$='M3$( 59 (8$ N 'B =$# S(5 'B 4Z?6 , 65 4(" (8 "(B 54 M$ = 5 = M(5 ( &8("E, ' '=E( D'45 'B =' 6' '5 $649( 3= # 3= # : 1) i'44 , 693$Z[$9 M("[ "$ 33-V 4( , 8"'#'3( "$9 8$ !, "$V'3 4Z?'6" Z &$ 5 , "$ 5$"" Z (( 8 M(8 C 6'B %?4'"5 8 8'4'3'B b=$"A M(" (, # 6(="$" ( V 3( (B. 2) Y=$ @(6 "$ 7 '4$B, M$4 $9 4 S"'5 !, M 6( 5 3'?='B, "' "('?=$&'6$""'B M("[ "'B, ' '= Z 6 '=E6( '?[(5 6(""'#' =6(" 9, 56'B5 6(""'#' N 'B N 'V(, '" &$?=$4 & 3(W(6'#' ?4 S"'#' 3'8$. 3) R'54(3"ZZ #4$6 (=6'B S$5 D'45 'B &$6(=W$( 5 '= (B R( = A '#' ?$='"(55E l 4! '" - 4(# '8E54(""E8 $3Z4! (='8 ?(& '?8$"$ =$&= W(" 9 5(8(B"EV &.
a = 54 S$9 "(&$ '""EV 569&(B - %?4'"5 '#', 7 '4$9 @(6 "$ R( = A '#' - $ ?E 8$9S$ "$ '49V "=$65 6(""EV 3 W(6"EV (=(M 6$" B ;""E. 7 M"' ' 8( !, S ' =$#(3 9 ;""E "$S "$( 59 6 8 " , '#3$ '"$ 65 =(S$( >='"5 '#'. i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g[( " M"' ' 8( !, S ' ;""$ 5 E3 59 ?4$#'='3"'#' M(5 $, 6"(&$ "'#' 5?4 M(" 9, 6E='5W(#' & 54 S$B"'B 58(= 4 "(5S$5 "'#' 54 S$9, 54'6"' N ' - (=6EB W$# 6 (( "(6(="'5 8 M , '5 ' , ' ' '='8 "(4!&9 '8 "$ ! 6 = 5 5 6 <$=(" "$ 4 < , 64Z?4(""'B 6' >='"5 '#'. ; 65(#' '5 =(( ;""$ 63= # '" 8$( , S ' N ' ='5W(5 6 (, '&"$8("'6$6W(( (( 65 =(S 5 >='"5 8
267
(( 65 =(S 5 >='"5 8 ' E 4$3 $-?=$ $, - 3 ="'B &"$ . g( 'V6$ E6$( S$4!. %3 " ='V'M B #'6'= 3= #'8 58(= ! - 5$8$9 4(# $9. ;""$ 54EW N $3$( (B 6 3 W , S '?E 6 '54(35 6 ?'4!W((.
! 3(4$ &8("" "( '"9 "$9 (, S ' 6"(&$ "$9 b=$& , '"$ &$6E=$5 6 "(S '
7( '4! ' "(6(="'5 ! %?4'"5 '#' 6 "$S$4( " # #=' (5 "' $='3 = ( 5 3!? (#' 5(5 =E. g[( '3"$ "('?E "'6(""$9 (8$ ='8(4! "( 6 N &'3$V N '#' =$ - (8$ 8"'#'&"$S (4!"EV 5"'6 3(" B. C'" C 6E ' =(3(49( (#' ?(&&$?' " Z, (=(8("S 6 Z "$ = , 'S"' $ M(, $ '&3"(( ='='S(5 B 'W8$= ;""E - (( #4 ?' Z, ?'#$ Z =$# S(5 Z 4 S"'5 !.
.
,
e='"'4'# 9 6 «;""( <$=(" "'B» '5 ='("$ "$ " $4!"'8 349 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =E S 65 6( 6=(8(" . i'5 '"$4!"' & S 6 (=6 Z S$5 ! " # (34 "(?'4!W ( #4$6E, 5'5 $649Z[ ( 135 5 =$" A), S $ (4! '5 $( 59 6 ?(M3(" , S ' =("" (, '4 3(""E( 6(S(=" ( S$5E "$ =' 9M(" ' =$B"(B 8(=( A(4'B "(3(4 M &" "(5 '4! V (=5'"$M(B &'?=$M("E 5 & 8 (4!"'B '?5 '9 (4!"'5 !Z. \E '5 $"'6 859 "$ =($4!"EV 5'?E 9V, "' =(M3( 8(5 "' ? 3( '#'6'= ! ' '8, $ '#3$ (39 #(=' " # . <$ '6 ?E4 =$5 '=93' 3"9 6 5'5 '9 (4!"EV 8'5 '65 V 4 ( (=? =#5 V 3'8$V 6 70-( ##. ='W4'#' 6( $? ^$6=$ , ' '4' 3(69 S$5'6, 5'5 '94 & S$9 4 'b(, V4(?$ 5 8$54'8 4 , $ %?4'"5 V, $4$S$. @(# B 4$"S 8(M3 36 89 =(89 S$5$8 , $ &$ (8 5E "EB '?(3 ' '4' '4'6 "E W(5 '#', 5 = 55 8 4 (='8 b=$"A &5 8 6 "$8 . >(S(=" B S$B 5 ='#$8 , 6$=("!(8 =$&"E8 = 55 8 4$ '85 6$8 '3$6$459 8(M3 3(69 !Z 3(59!Z S$5$8 , '54( S(#' 5(8!9 3$494$5! 6 56' ' ' , "' "$ ?'4(( 4(# '8E54(""E( (( S4("E 8'#4 &$6(=W ! 3("! M "'8 6 #'='3( 6 '3 ""$3A$ ! S$5'6 6(S(=$ 4 3$M( '&M(.
268
i(B5 6 ( ='8$"$ "$S "$( 59 6 6'5(8! S$5'6 =$, 6 9 " A , 11 b(6=$49 ( ' 5 $='8 5 4Z) 1872 #. a $ 3$ $ " #3( "( '8 "$( 59, "' (( 4(# ' 5 $"'6 !. 1) R'4 S(5 ( 5'?E 9 "$ $" "( =(A 'B 6'B"E, ' '=E( '8 "$Z 59 6 '54(3"(B S$5 ='8$"$, = ='S 6$Z (#' '"(A Z4Z 1876 #. >='"5 B 5 $"'6 59 4Z?'6" '8 ;""E 6 3( $?=( 1872 #. a &'3 "$ 5 $S $V =' 5V'3 6 $6# 5 ( 1873 #. >='"5 B ;""$ ='6'39 4( ' & 8 1874 #. 6 2 $4 4( ' 1875 #. - 6 8(" >='"5 '#', ' '8 6 "'9?=( '" (3 6 \'5 6 , #3( ;""$ '"S$( M &"! 5$8' ? B5 6'8 8$B5 8 6'5=(5"E8 3"(8 1876 #. 2) > 6-B #4$6( (=6'B S$5 #'6'= 59, S ' @(6 " ='6(4 36$ 8(59A$ (5 5(=(3 "E ' 9?=9 3' 5(=(3 "E 3( $?=9 1871 #.) 6 \'5 6(, &$ (8 (=(?=$459 6 &$#'='3"'( 8(" ( "$ 36$ 8(59A$ 6 b(6=$4( 6(=" 459 6 \'5 6 . j(=(& = 8(59A$ '&3"(B 6(5"'B "$S "$Z 59 3=$8$ S(5 ( 5'?E 9 " # (#4$6$ 12, S$5 ! 6 '=$9). 3) %?4'"5 B S $( 6 =(""(B #$&( ( ' #=$b( Y(B5 (, $65 = B5 '8 '54( 6 @'"3'"(, ' '=EB (3( S(=(& > 5?$3(" 6 ;"#4 Z. a ' =' 5V'3 (=(3 ?4$#'3$=5 6(""E8 8'4(?"'8 6 S(5 ! 6E&3'='64(" 9 = "A$ fN4!5 '#', ' '=EB 54 M 4 6' 6 '=" , 15/27 b(6=$49 1872 #., 'N '8 (3 "5 6(""$9 6'&8'M"$9 9 " A$ - 11/23 b(6=$49 1872 #.
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«;"#4 Z», ' 5$""EB 6 10-B 11-B #4$6$V. ^$ (8 %?4'"5 B ' 9 ! 5S(&$( . \E &"$(8, S ' @(6 " 6'&6=$[$( 59 3'8'B, S '?E (=('3( !59, "$ =$649( 59 "$
269
6(S(= }(=?$A 8; ' $3$(8 3$ M3(8 (#' (#4$6$ 12). %" '9649( 59 (#4$6$ 13) 6 5(8! = 3A$ !, 6 54(3 Z[(B #4$6( ' 5$"$ 65 =(S$ @(6 "$ 5 >='"5 8. 7$ =' 9M(" 3(59 $ 5 =$" A (#4$6E 12 - 14) 8E '5 $(859 "$(3 "( 5 @(6 "E8 < . @(6 " V'3 ' '4' 3(69S$5'6 6(S(=$. >='"5 B '5 $( 59 ([( = 8(="' "$ S$5. }(=?$A ( ?(5(3 Z (=(3 5"'8 (#4$6$ 15), 6 16B #4$6( ' 5$"', $ ' '"S 4 3("! >='"5 B ( = ?4 & (4!"' 3' '4 "'S ). ^3(5! S $ (4! &$8( , S ' '5 $' 6(S(=$, '54( '#' $ @(6 " ' 3$( }(=?$A V, ? 3( ' 5$" '&M(. D(8 6=(8("(8 N ' (=6EB 3("! ='8$"$, 9 " A$ 11 b(6=$49, 6 16-B #4$6( 349 >='"5 '#' '3'W(4 '"A , '" =( ' 5 '54( M "$ 6 #'5" S"'8 "'8(=(; %?4'"5 B M( &$6(=W$( N ' 3=$8$S"EB ? ="EB 3("! 6 "'S"'8 =(5 '=$"(. C4(3 Z[ B 3("!, 5 ??' $ 12 b(6=$49, "$S "$( 59 6 '3 ""$3A$ ! S$5'6, '#3$ >='"5 B %?4'"5 B = (&M$Z "$ 5 $"A Z R( (=? =#5 'B M(4(&"'B 3'='# , S '?E 65 =( ! '(&3 & R( (=? =#$, 6 ' '='8 (3 8$ ! >='"5 '#' 5(5 =$ %?4'"5 '#' (#4$6E 17 - 18). %5 $6 6 ;"" 5(?9 3'8$, %?4'"5 B (3( "$ 54 M? ' '4' '4 3"9, 8E "$?4Z3$(8 &$ (=6E8 3"(8 ;""E 6 \'5 6( (3' 3(69 = 3A$ 6(S(=$); =$55 $& ' 5 ??' " V 5'?E9V &$" 8$( 36$3A$ ! 5 =$" A. :4$6E 22 - 23 (' '4' 10 5 =$" A) '569[("E ?$4 , ''=EB =' 5V'3 S(=(& = 4 S( E=( 3"9, 6 5=(3 16 b(6=$49 1872 #. > 54(3 Z[(B, 24-B #4$6( D'45 'B = ?(#$( = (8 , ' '=EB "$8(S(" 6 6-B - 8-B #4$6$V '54(3'6$ (4!"' ='6'3 59 6 " #(: '" ' =' 3E6$( 6=(89, '#3$ =(S! 3( ' @(6 "(. \E 6'&6=$[$(859 11 b(6=$49, 6 "'S! "$ 5 ??' , S '?E '54(3'6$ ! &$ @(6 "E8, (V$6W 8 ' }(=?$A V ?=$ , 3$ '" = (&M$( 6 3(69 ! = 3A$ ! M "$( 5 " 8 (#4$6E 24 - 25). 7$ 54(3 Z[(( =', 6 5 ??' , @(6 " (&M$( 6 56'( 8(" ( 6 k("=$4!"'B X'55 "( 5 R( (=? =#5 'B 5 $"A , 3$ = ?E6$( ;""$, $ 5 7 M(#'='35 'B. 28(" ( =$5 '4'M("' "(3$4( ' ' D 4E 6 =(V5 $V 4'8( =$V Z# ' \'5 6E, (#' 6(S(= $8 &'?=$M(" 6 #4$6$V 26 - 27.
270
R' '8 8E &$?(#$(8 S ! 6 (=(3: S( 6(=#, 17 b(6=$49 1872 #., - '54( ?$4$ ;""$ (&M$( 6 R( (=? =#, 3$ '"$ = ?E6$( "$ 54(3 Z[(( =' (#4$6E 29 - 31), ' '4' '3 ""$3A$ S$5'6 =$, 6 9 " A 18 b(6=$49. a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«>=(89» @(6 "$ (=(? 6$( =$&8(=(""EB =$5 '=93' %?4'"5 '#' =(& 8 =E6 $8 6 V='"'4'# S(5 'B $"6(, 5' $""'B D'45 E8, ' '=E( (=(3$Z "(=6" Z, '=E6 5 Z "$ = . 2 "$ '"(A, 8E &$8(S$(8 '=$& (4!" Z #$=8'" Z, ' '= Z 9649Z 5'?'B 36( V$=$ (="E( 5A("E (=6'B S$5 : 6(S(=" B ?$4, #3( 8(S $ (4!"$9 < 'S$='6$"$ ;""'B, "'S"'( (W(5 6 ( ;""E 6 R( (=? =# 5 8(4! $Z[ 8 6 (( 5'&"$" = S 34 6E8 b$" $& 98 . a 36( 5A("E 6'&36 #$Z 36( 6" =("" ( '4'""E 6 '8 &3$" , #3( «6=(89» %?-
271
4'"5 '#' «6=(89» <$=(" "$ '?=$& Z <'8 '& A 9 <$ "$8 =$6 4!"' '"9 ! ='8$"$? <4ZS 8'M"' "$B 6=(8(" .
36$ b4 #(49.
'8 '& A Z #=$"3 '&"'#' '4! ' 6 =$5 =(3(4("
k(4! 3'5 M(" ( D'45 '#' - (3 "'6=(8(""'( =$&6 ( 7 '5"'6"EV 4 " B ='8$"$, 8E 3'4M"E 554(3'6$ ! V 5 "V='" &$A Z, S '?E '?c95" ! 8$# S(5 Z =(4(5 !, ' '='B '" &$6'=$M 6$( "$5. > (=6EV 21 #4$6$V #4$6"EB '"b4 5'5=(3' 'S(" 6'= # 5 $"3$4$ 6 3'8( %?4'"5 V. %" '8'#$( 66(5 36$ "'6EV 5ZM( $: 1) =( #'4!" : < - @(6 " - >='"5 B; 2) "$S$4' (8E ;""E >='"5 '#'. % 8( ! (, S ' ;""$ (5 #=$A (B 8 3='5 !Z 95"'#4$&'B ?'# " ;b "E) 8 = ?=$ $ 5 M("'B 6 ' M( 5$8'( 6=(89 3(8'" S(5 =$&=E6$( '8'46 < >='"5 '#', 4("99 '54(3"(#'. 2&8("$ %?4'"5 '#' "(5S$5 !( i'44 '3#' $64 6$Z (8 >='"5 '#' - ;""E, ' '=$9 "( =$&=(W 59 $ 4(# ', $ "( = 9 "'5 %?4'"5 '#' - i'44 #'=(S! < . i'44 ='[$( 56'(#' 8 M$ 6' 89 3( (B 56'(B 4Z?6 "(8 , < S(=(& 36$ #'3$ 6EV'3 &$8 M &$ @(6 "$, ' '=EB ' $&E6$( 59 =( =$5"E8 8 M(8. Y=$ N ' 96"' "=$6 59 D'45 '8 , "' ;""$, 3(8'" S(5 $9 =$5$6 A$ " # , =$&= W 56'Z 5(8(B" Z M &"! '# ?"( . 7$ =' 9M(" (=6'B S$5 (34 #4$6E) 5(8! 5 3(? '5 $64("E 6 '3 " 6=(8(""'B =93: %?4'"5 B, i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
272
"'B V='"'4'# S(5 'B 6=(89 - b(6=$4! 1872 #.
'54(3'6$ (4!"'5
,
5V'3"'(
j$5 ! 6 '=$9 5'5 ' & 35 #4$6 "$S "$( 59 349 65(V S$5 " '6 6 5(=(3 "( 8$= $ '#' M( 1872 #., "' &$ (8 8E 5 $"'6 859 56 3( (498 4Z?' E "'#' 964(" 9: =(#'4!" >='"5 B - <$=(" " - ;""$ ='M 6$( 56'Z M &"! ?E5 =((, S(8 '3 "' B @(6 " 4 '3 "' $9 < . a ' =(4(5 "$9 3( $4! 6 5 = =( ='8$"$ - $=E M 6 ?E5 =((, S(8 '3 "'S . g54 61" ! "$ 4 " Z < , 8E 6 3 8, S ' '3 "' $9 3(6 W $, S$V" [$9 6 \'5 6(, 15 8$= $ ='V'3 '58' = &"$8(" '#' 3' '=$, "' "(58' =9 "$ (( 5'?5 6(""E( ?(3E, '"$ '8'#$( "9"S ! 6EV$M 6$ ! W(5 (=EV 3( (B i'44 , &$?'4(6W V 5 $=4$"'B (84$3W(8 65(#' 36$ 8(59A$), $ &$ (8 6 "$S$4( $ =(49 1872 #. ='3 (4 6'&9 < "$ "(8(A B ='= C'3(". %? N '8 =$55 $&E6$( 59 6 (=6EV =(V #4$6$V 6 '='B S$5 . D'4! ' 6 30-B #4$6( 8E 54(3 (8 &$ }(=?$A 8 6 C'3(", #3( 6=(89 D'45 'B '4"'5 !Z 6E4(S 6$Z < . R9 ! #4$6 '6(5 6 Z '? N '8 4(S(" , &$ (8 6 '"A( Z"9 1872 #. < 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 X'55 Z, 6 8(" ( %?4'"5 V-}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a ' =' 5V'3 6 ' 9?=( 1872 #. 7' 349 @(6 "$ < 5 ' 6(5"$ 1872 #. %" ' 5 $Z 6' 6=(8(" "$ "(5 '4! ' 8(59A(6. i= #'B =E6' 6 (=(3 ='5V'3 6 36("$3A$ #4$6$V, 5 18-B ' 29-Z, 6 ' '=EV &'?=$M(" &"$8(" EB N &'3 5 $S( , &$6(=W$Z[ B59 = &"$" (8 ;""E 6 &8("(, N ' $6# 5 1873 #. ('5 $4'5! = #'3$ 3' '"A$ ='8$"$). ^$ (8 3(B5 6 ( 5"'6$ '6'=$S 6$( 65 9 !, 8E 6'&6=$[$(859 6(5"( 1872 #.,
273
< , "$V'39[(B59 6 :(=8$" . D$ 8 '?=$&'8, 6 '"A( 6 '='B S$5 8E "$?4Z3$(8 4Z?' E " Z $= " : < @(6 " ' 5 $Z 6' 6=(8(" "$ 14 4 15 8(59A(6 ' >='"5 '#' <$=(" "EV. R'6 '= 8, S ' $=E 36 M 59 ?E5 =((, S(8 '3 "'S . > =( !(B S$5 , 5'5 '9[(B & 33 #4$6, 8E "("$3'4#' '5 $(859 5 @(6 "E8, ' '8 68(5 ( 5 " 8 "$"'5 8 6 & i'44 6 8(" %?4'"5 V (=(3 = (&3'8 < , "$ '"(A 6 12-B #4$6( 4( '8 1872 #. @(6 " 9649( 59 =(4(5 "'( 6 3(" ( - < (3( 6 $=( ( 5' 5 $"A , 6'&6=$[$95! & :(=8$" . > 54(3 Z[ V #4$6$V 8E ' $&E6$(859 6 R( (=? =#( 5 >='"5 8 <$=(" "E8 '54( 5A("E 5 $S( (4( ' 1873 #.), $ &$ (8 ' 9 ! 6'&6=$[$(859 5(" 9?=Z 1872 #. 6 8(" ( @(6 "$, & ' '='#' '" 6 ' 9?=( 1872 #. "( '"9 "' &$S(8 (&M$( 6 :(=8$" Z, O=$"A Z ;"#4 Z. \"( ?E V' (4'5! '3S(= " !, S ' D'45 'B 6 &$ = 3"(" . g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j $ (4! 6(=(", S ' 8E (=(36 #$(859 6 ='5 =$"5 6(: & :(=8$" 6 k(" =$4!" Z X'55 Z, & 3(=(6" 6 R( (=? =# 4 6 \'5 6 '?=$ "', "' '" 6'65( "( '5'&"$( , S ' 8E 36 M(859 6' 6=(8(" : ' &$?(#$(8 6 (=(3 68(5 ( 5 >='"5 8 ;""'B, ' 6'&6=$[$(859 "$&$3 5 @(6 "E8 < . > (=6EV 9 #4$6$V S( 6(= 'B S$5 8E 54(3 8 &$ =$&6 (8 (8E >='"5 '#' - <$=(" "EV 6 R( (=? =#(. C(=(3 "$ & 8E 1873 #., ;""$ M3( =(?(" $ ' >='"5 '-
274
#'. > 6-B #4$6( <$=(" " = (&M$( 6 \'5 6 ' 56' 8 '?[(5 6(""E8 3(4$8, 6 N ' M( 6=(89 5Z3$ = ?E6$( @(6 " '54( '(&3 &$ #=$" A . %?4'"5 B 6 9-B - 13-B #4$6$V 5 =$ 6$( 5(?9 '?(3 6 (=6 Z "(3(4Z 9"6$=9 1874 #., #3( 6"'6! 65 =(S$Z 59 @(6 " < . X'6"' S(=(& 36$ #'3$ '54( "$S$4$ ='8$"$ =' 5V'3 5A("$ 5 8(4'8, $ 6$8 '35 $&E6$( N ' 6=(8(""'B $&$ (4!; "' 349 S $ (49 < ( '58' = ( "$ "( ' '=E( $&$" 9 6 (( =$&#'6'=( 5 @(6 "E8 &$ 4'8?(="E8 5 '4'8, '#3$ '" W 8(4'8) 'S(8 - ' ='W(4 '4! ' #'3. 2 6' S ' 3 6 (4!"': (5 ! =$&" A$ 8(M3 b & S(5 8 6=(8("(8 ;""E 3 V'6"E8 6=(8("(8 @(6 "$. < S( 6(= 'B S$5 , 'S"' 6 5(=(3 "( " # , 65( 7 5 3(? ' 9 ! '5 $64("E 6 '3 " 6=(8(""'B =93, $ 6 "$S$4( " # , 6 b(6=$4( 1872 #. 7$5 4 9"6$=! 1874 #. ' 8'(8 $4("3$=Z $4("3$=Z ;""E, "' 5'#4$5"' $4("3$=Z S $ (49 < 3( 65(#' 4 W! 1873 #. >' 6 '='B '4'6 "( S( 6(= 'B S$5 (#4$6E 17 - 23) ;""$ S ! "( 8 =$( ' ='3'6 6 R( (=? =#(, &$ (8 =' 5V'3 6=(8(""'( = 8 =(" ( <$=(" "$ 5 >='"5 8, >='"5 B E $( 59 ' '"S ! 5 5'?'B. j$5 ! S( 6(= $9 &$ $"S 6$( 59 6 8$= ( 1874 #. ;""$ '=E6$( 5 8 M(8 68(5 ( 5 4Z?'6" '8 (&M$( 6 2 $4 Z. j$5 ! 9 $9 5'5 ' & 33 #4$6. 7 (=5'"$M(B M 6 5 "V='""' 5'65(8 "(3'4#'. >='"5 B ;""$ 6 2 $4 6"'6! ' (=(M$Z '5 $4!"EV. a ' "$ '8 "$( #'" . h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
275
8$= 1875 #. < N '8 6=(8(" >='"5 B ;""$ 6(=" 4 5! 6 R( (=? =#, ='6(39 #'3 6 2 $4 . %S$='6$ (4!"$9 5A("$ 56 3$" 9 5 5E"'8, ' '='8 1 8$= $ 5 '4" 4'5! 10 4( . >5 '=( '54( N '#' '"$ 5 >='"5 8 (&M$( 6 (#' &$#'='3"'( 8(" (, =$5 '4'M(""'( "( '3$4( ' 8(" B %?4'"5 '#' @(6 "$. R'58' = (, $ 7 M &"(B 6"'6! 36 M 59 6 '3"'B V='"'4'# S(5 'B '54(3'6$ (4!"'5 5 Z"9 3' "'9?=9 1875 #. 6 W(5 'B S$5 , ' '=$9 5'5 ' & 33 #4$6. \E ='6'3 8 (=6 Z '4'6 " 4( $ 1875 #. 5 @(6 "E8 V ='35 6("" $8 , ' '8 6 Z4( i'44 ' =$649( 59 6 N $M( 6 8(" ( >='"5 '#', S '?E ' #=$ ! $8 6 ("" 5. %?4'"5 B, >='"5 B @(6 " 65 =(S$Z 59 6 '5$4!"EV #4$6$V "$ &(85 V 6E?'=$V 2 ' 9?=9 1875 #., $ S(=(& 8(59A >='"5 B ;""$ (&M$Z 6 \'5 6 . C(3!8$9 S$5 ! 5'5 ' & 31 #4$6E. a ' 5$8$9 6$M"$9 S$5 ! 6 " #(, (( =$# S(5 $9 4!8 "$A 9. \E 6"'6! ' $&E6$(859 6 \'5 6( 6 "'9?=( 1875 #. 6 (=5'"$M(B 5'5 $649Z $=E: "( ='S"$9, M( ' 8(S(""$9 (S$ !Z #'=(S $=$ >='"5 '#' - ;""E, 'M 3$Z[ ( ' '85 6$ @(6 "E %?4'"5 (. f < ='M3$( 59 =(?("' , 6 "$S$4( 8$9 1876 #. 8E '5([$(8 68(5 ( 5 %?4'"5 8 <$=(" "$ 6 R( (=? =#(. ^$ (8 6'&6=$[$(859 6 \'5 6 . ^3(5! "$S "$( 59 =93 #4$6, 5 23-B 3' '"A$ 5(3!8'B S$5 , '569[(""EV '54(3" 8 3"98 ;""E. g( 5$8'? B5 6' =' 5V'3 6 5(=(3 "( 8$9 1876 #. d M( #'6'= 4 '? N V ?(558(= "EV 5 =$" A$V. >'5!8$9, '54(3"99 S$5 ! - 3'6'4!"' #='8'&3 $9 8$V "$, 5'5 '9[$9 & 19 #4$6. D'45 'B 5 '4!& ( = (8, ' '=EB M( 65 =(S$459 6 " #( =$"!W(: (=(8([$( #(='(6 & '3"'#' 8(5$ 6 3= #'(; $ 8 '?=$&'8, 3(B5 6 ( (=("'5 59 ' '3"'B #= E 4Z3(B 3= #'B. R'(&3$ N $M #=$Z 6$M" Z ='4! 6 ='8$"(: ;""$ 36$M3E (W(5 6 ( 6 (=6'B S$5 & R( (=? =#$ 6 \'5 6 '?=$ "' 6 R((=? =#. %?4'"5 B i'44 6 =$&"EV #4$6$V ' $&E6$Z 59 $ ?E (W(5 6 Z[ 8 '5=(3" $8 , (=("'59[ 8 S $ (49 3$, 3$ D'45 'B V'S( V "$ =$6 !. %?4'"5 B 6 '"A( '"A'6 '4 S$( =( =$5" Z =$?' 5 ?'4!W 8 ' 4$3'8 &$ ( 54 # , ' '=E( '" ' $&$4 $6'= . D( (=!, 6 (=6EV 9 #4$6$V '54(3"(B, 6'5!8'B S$5 56'3"EB ?=$ @(6 "$ C(=#(B (W(5 6 ( (8 M(
276
'(&3'8, S ' >='"5 B. >=(89 3(B5 6 9 8'M"' 4(# ' 5 $"'6 ! ?4$#'3$=9 8"'#'S 54(""E8 '8 "$" 98 6'(""EV 5'?E B. C4$69"( & >'5 'S"'B g6=' E, 5(=?E ?'4#$=E, 5=$M$4 5! 5 = $8 . a ' =' 5V'3 4' 6 $6# 5 ( 1876 #., S(=(& #'3 X'55 9 65 6 6'B" 5 D =A (B. >='"5 B 6' #4$6( 3'?='6'4!"'#' '4 $ ' ?E6$( "$ b='" . C(=#(B 6 '8 M( '(&3( (3( @(6 "E8, N ' '?5 '9 (4!5 6' 569&E6$( "$5 "( '4! ' 5 >='"5 8, "' 5 @(6 "E8. R'54(3" ( #4$6E '569[("E 5(8(B"'B M &" @(6 "EV 6 3(=(6"( '?=$[(" Z @(6 "$ Y'# ' $& ( D'45 '#'. 2& N '#' 554(3'6$" 9 6 3"', S ' (=(V'3E D'45 '#' &"$S (4!"' 8("(( # ? ( ='3 8$""E(, S(8 (=(V'3E ' #= E #= ( 6" = #4$6 6 «\$3$8 Y'6$= ». <=$ $9, =(& ' '?=E6$Z[$959 #4$6$ &$8("9( 3'4# B $=$#=$b O4'?(=$. 7' "('?V'3 8' ' 8( !, S ' D'45 '#' 3(B5 6 ( &"$S (4!"' ?'4!W( (=5'"$M(B. f O4'?(=$ 6(=V'6$9 (&3$, ='# 4 $, $"(A, '(&3 $ 6 N $M( 8(M3 3(=(6"(B #'='3'8, 8"'#'S 54(""E( 8(4( 3(B5 6 9, 36 M(" 9 54 M$ N 8 (=(V'3$8 ' 5A("E 5A("( 6" = #4$6. > 6(4 '8 ='8$"( D'45 '#' 49&#$Z[ ( $='6'&E (=(6'&9 ? 6$Z #(='(6, 4Z?'B 5 $='8'3"EB (=(V'3 5 '4!& ( 59 349 58("E '3"'B #4$6E 3= #'B, "$ = 8(= "'6$9 S$5 ! 4 #4$6$ S$5 ' "$S "$( 59 5 5$8'#' '?E "'6(""'#' 6(=M3(" 9 ' '8, S ' ='W4' 5 '4! '- ' 6=(8(" S ' ( 4 "E( #(=' '5 $Z $ 4 "$S( 6 '8 4 "'8 8(5 (. > 'N8( O4'?(=$ ?'4!W( 8 &E $4!"'B 5 ='B"'5 , N ' '3"' & 5$8EV 8 &E $4!"EV =' &6(3(" B 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =E; 6 6(4 '8 ='8$"( D'45 '#' ?'4!W( 8'[ . D$ '6 36 M [ B59 $= $5 " # , ' '=EB 8'M"' "$&6$ ! #'" 'B: 5"$S$4$ 65( 7 (=5'"$M(B 3 "'#$ 6 "'# , &$ (8 >='"5 B ;""$ 6E=E6$Z 59 6 (=(3, '5 $6499 '&$3 @(6 "$ < , ' 9 ! '3=$6" 6$Z 59, $ ' '8, 5 &$?$6"'B '5 (W"'5 !Z =(4(5 "EV '4, >='"5 B ;""$ ' 9 ! ' (=(M$Z '5 $4!"EV, "' "("$3'4#'. ;""$ "( &$ '"S N 'B #'" . 2& 6 #(='(6 $6 '= 3' '"A$ " # 5'V=$"9( " (=(5 4 W! @(6 " < .
277
%?=$&"'5 ! 8'M"' ' =(3(4 ! $ : 5$ (4! 5=(35 6$8 9&E $ ='? M3$( S $ (49 S 65 6' A6( $, '?4 $, &6 $, 36 M(" 9 4 4Z?'( "'( S 65 6', 6E&E6$9 6 (#' 6''?=$M(" '?=$&E 6E8EW4(""'B M &" , ' '=$9 5 $"( 349 "(#' 5 '4! M( M 6'B, $ (#' 5'?5 6(""'( 6'5'8 "$" (. i49 5'&3$" 9 N V 9= V '?=$&'6 5$ (49 (5 ! W =' B 5 ( = = (8'6, "$S "$9 =$ 8 6E=$& (4!"E8 N ( '8 '"S$9 ' 'S(""E8 = 8(=$8 &'?=$& (4!"'#' 8$5 (=5 6$ 54'M"E8 8( $b'=$8 . 1) a ( E. C=(3 5$8EV & 8 (4!"EV ' 8( 8 $ (: «W4Z$Z[ ( W(=W$6E(» - = 4$#$ (4!"E(, 6(4 '4( "' (=(3$Z[ ( 5 '4!& Z 6" =(""'5 ! #= ? Z '6(=V"'5 ! 6E?=$""EV %?4'"5 8 5 = A, ' '=E( '" 5 "$54$M3(" (8 4($( 6 =(5 '=$"( 6' 6=(89 '?(3$ 5 @(6 "E8. 7 M"' '?=$ ! 6" 8$" ( "$ = 4$#$ (4!"E(, ' =(?4(""E( 6 5A("( ?$4$, '3S(= 6$Z[ ( 3(6 S(5 Z =(4(5 ! < ' $5"'( 'S$='6$" ( ;""E. %5'?(""' " (=(5"' '=$& (4!"'( 54'M"'5'5 $6"'( = 4$#$ (4!"'(: Z4(6'-4(" '- = M(6"'-A6( "'(, ' 5E6$Z[(( '4 3$8 "$ ?$4 . <"9# "9 }(=?$A $9 "$&E6$( 694EV 5 $=(Z[ V &$65(#3$ $(6 4 ?'6 W4Z $8 - 3( 5 '( 54'6A', '?'&"$S$Z[(( = '( 9BA', 5 $6W(( 5'65(8 89#8 =EV4E8 ' 54 W '8 3'4#'#' $ $" 9 6' 6=(89 $5V$4!"EV #=, #3( 9BA$ $ $Z 59 5 $Z 59 3= # '? 3= #$. 2) h(5 E. %?4'"5 B, '#3$ (8 ?=(Z 6(=V"ZZ # ? , ' 6(S$9 "$ 6' ='5E 54 # ( = (3( 4 ;""$ '3"$ 4 5 8 M(8), '3" 8$( $4(A 66(=V, $ ;""$, =$&#'6$= 6$9 5 i'44 ' «5 '5'?"'5 65( &$?E !», «3(4$( M(5 (=(3 4?'8». 3) R= 8(=E ==$A '"$4!"'#' '4 5"$ ;""E 6 '(&3(.
='&=(" 9. \"'M(5 6'
= 8(='6
&
4) d= ( '8(3 B"E( S(= E. C $=EB "9&! 3 8$( , S ' '" (=(3=$&" 6$( 56'Z M(" , '#3$ 5$8'3'6'4!"' M(8$""' V8E49( 59 3(4$( =(6(=$"5E, #'6'=9 ' 6E#'3"'B $= 349 3'S(= . 5) R= 8(=E &'?=$& (4!"'#' 8$5 (=5 6$. 2V ?(5S 54(""'( 8"'M(5 6'. i'44 M$4 ' 5 3 (=(3 =Z8' ?E5 =E8 #4 ?' 8 #'4'5'8, 5 =E6$Z[ 8 (( 5 =$3$" (, 5 =$W 6$( 8 M$, S ' '" V'S( . >E 4E( "'# := "(6 S$, 4 ( # ?E 5 $='B, 5'""'B, ?4$M(""'B 'V' " S!(B 5'?$ - 65( N ' S 3(5"E( "(&$?E6$(8E( '?=$&E.
278
6) R'N S(5 ( 5=$6"(" 9. D'45 'B =(3 ' 5 '4!& ( V, #'6'=9 =$55(9""'8 56(' S 65 6$V: "$ = 8(=, =(4(5 "E( ' 5E4 ?$?'S ( "$ ?$4 6 5A("(, '#3$ < $ $( 59 "$ $ (. 7) >5 '8'#$ (4!"E( 5=$6"(" 9. %" '?=$[("E 5 '=(( =$& 8 , S(8 &= (4!"'8 6'5 = 9 Z, N S(5 '8 , $ "( N5 ( S(5 '8 "$S$4 . <'#3$ S 65 6$ < (=(3 ?$4'8 5=$6" 6$Z 59 5 S 65 6$8 Z"'W (=(3 ? 6'B, 58(W"' ?E4' ?E 6 3( ! < 6 b'=8( 4(B ("$" $, "' 5=$6"(" ( N ' 6 '4"( #'3 59 349 S(="'-?(4'B 54'6(5"'B 5V(8E 8(( "'5 $&$ (4!"EB ' ("' , ' '=EB D'45 'B '54(3'6$ (4!"' = 8("9( 6 "( ' '=EV '54(3 Z[ V #4$6$V. > ='&( D'45 '#' 3$4( ' "( 65( = (8E ' "'59 59 96"'B '?=$&"'5 . 2"'5 $&$ (4!"E( 5=$6"(" 9 "(&$8( "' (=(V'39 6 "$& 3$ (4!"E( " '"$A 5 V 8"'#'&"$S (4!"E8 '6 '=$8 , 6E=$M$Z[ 8 ' "'W(" ( D'45 '#' 5 $A 98 "$5 ='(" 98 4Z3(B. D '5'?(""' 6$M"' 6E3(4 ! =98E( 6(=M3(" 9, ' =E6$Z[ ( #4$6E: «%?4'"5 B 6 W '4( S 459 V'='W'...» 4 : «>='"5 B "( &"$4 5(8(B"'B M &" ...» 8) f '3'?4(" 9 8( $b'=E. «C $=E( 3=96E( ?(=(&E, '?6 5W ( 65(8 6( 698 ' 5"(#$, $&$4'5!, ?E4 =$& ?=$"E 6 "'6E( '=M(5 6(""E( = &E». (j$5 ! (=6$9, #4$6$ 9.) «..."' 349 @(6 "$ $ M( 4(# ' ?E4' &"$ ! (( 6 N 'B '4 (, $ ='&$" 6 =$ 6(. >5( '56([$4'5! (Z. %"$ ?E4$ 4E? $, '&$=96W$9 65( 6' = #. \(5 ', #3( '"$ ?E4$, ' $&$4'5! (8 "(3'5 "'Z 569 E"(B... %" 5'W(4 6" &, &?(#$9 '3'4# 58' =( ! "$ "((, $ "$ 5'4"A(, "' '" 6 3(4 ((, $ 5'4"A(, "( #4939». (:4$6$ 9.) «%" S 65 6'6$4, S ' 5'4"A( = ?4 M$4'5! "(8 ». (:4$6$ 9.) « $ 5'4"A( &$W4' &$ S , 4 A' (( =$ 4' 65Z 56'Z 4$5 '6'5 !». (:4$6$ 9.) «D$ $= "... ' S$5, $ "$ = M "$V, '4'M 6 '3" (=( 4( ("" Z $= '3V6$ 6 3= # Z, $= 6 "». (:4$6$ 10.) «%"$ "( 8'#4$ 6(= ! N '8 , $ "( 8'#4$ ?E 6(= ! '8 , S ' 6 $ '( ?E ' " ?E4' 6=(89 349 9 4( " V 3( (B 5$8E8 4 SW 8 #= W $8 3'4M"E ?E ! &$=9M(""E( 5 '4( E». (:4$6$ 12.) «< 5 E E6$4$ '54( '?(3$ 3' "$S$4$ 6(S(=$ S 65 6', Z"'W$ (=(3 ? 6'Z». (:4$6$ 13.)
$
;""$: «R'8"Z &"$Z N ' #'4 ?'B 8$", 6='3( '#', S ' "$ #'=$V 6 l6(BA$= . a ' 8$", ' '=EB ' =E6$( 65( 6 ?4$M(""'( ' 6=(89, '#3$ 6' -6' '"S 59 3( 5 6', & N '#' '#='8"'#' = #$, 5S$5 4 6'#', 6(5(4'#', 3(4$( 59 ! 65( M( M(...» (:4$6$ 20.) « & &$4$ "(559 5 '96W B 6 " V =$6"'8(="EB, 36 M(" 9». (:4$6$ 22.)
$
6
4!(, W'='V
279
«7' 6' =( N '8 6 3 ?$?'S , '4! ' S ' A( 6W(B59 &$ =$6 #' '6'B, 6' -6' 65 '=V" 6, =$&6(=" ! =$3 M"E( =E4!9». (:4$6$ 23.) «2 "$ 4 A( >='"5 '#'... '"$ (< ) 6 3(4$ ' '=$& 6W(( (( 6E=$M(" ( ' (=9""'5 ' '="'5 , 'V'M(( "$ 6E=$M(" ( 8"'B 5'?$ , '#3$ '"$ 6 "'6$ $». (:4$6$ 23.) C=$6"(" 9 3(49 59 "$ '3'?4(" 9 8( $b'=E S( $Z ' 3= #'(. >' "(5 '4! ' = 8(='6: %?=$&(A
4
5'-
'3'?4(" 9:
«D 8$" 6 5(4 "$3 8'=(8, $ 3E8 $». a ' '3'?4(" (. D$ ( 569& , $ « '3'?"'», «54'6"'», V$=$ (="E 349 '3'?4(" B - '3 " =(38( 6E#493 $ 3= #'B. g54 6E ='3'4M ( 5=$6"(" (, 5 $&$6, S ' 8$" ?E4 'V'M "$ 3E8S$ Z 6 $4! "(6(5 E, - N ' =$&6(=" '( '3'?4(" ( 5 N4(8(" $8 'N& , "' (54 6E 5 $M( (, S ' 8$" ?E4 'V'M "$ 6 $4! '45 'B "(6(5 E, S(B ' (A ?E4 ([( '4[( "'5 4 $= , N ' M( ? 3( 6( 6 5 '( 5=$6"(" (, 5 $M(""'( ?(558E54(""E8 ='3'4M(" (8. D$ ( 5=$6"(" 9 5 '4!& Z :'8(= 6 56'(8 N S(5 '8 '6(5 6'6$" :'#'4!, ' 5E6$9 b$" $58$#'= S(5 ( 5"E. %?=$&(A 8( $b'=E: «iE8 $
8$"$
C69& $ « $ » b'=E.
'6 54$ 8(M3 "(?'8
&(84(B».
5S(&4$, 5=$6"(" ( 5 $4' 5'5 $6"'B S$5 !Z 8( $-
X$&6(="
$9 8( $b'=$ &6 S$4$ ?E $ :
«iE8 $
8$"$ ?E4$ 8(5 $8
'=6$"$».
<'"(A b=$&E 54 M 4'# S(5 8 ='3'4M(" (8 (( "$S$4$. >( 6 5 $9 8( $b'=$ &$6(=W$4$5! ?E "(4'# S"E8 ='3'4M(" (8. \'=$4!"'- =$
C$8'( 3 6 5=$6"(" 9,
S(5
( 5=$6"(" 9:
(4!"'( 6 5 '3'?4(" 9
4( D'45 '#' ', S ' 4 8( $b'=E '" "
$
( ?E ' =(?-
280
494, ?'4!W "5 6' & " V 54 M N S(5 8, $ "( N5 ( S(5 8 A(498. 2"E8 54'6$8 , (#' 5=$6"(" 9 4 $="E, b " A '"$4!"E, $6 '= 6'5 '4!&'6$459 8 "( 349 5 4(" 9 '?=$&"'5 , "( 349 ' =E 9 "'6'#' #4$ &=(" 9 "$ 4 " Z 5A(" , "' 349 '#' S '?E '3S(= " ! 56'Z "=$65 6("" Z '& A Z. R'N '8 9 "$&E6$Z V '45 '65 8 N S(5 8 8( $b'=$8 4 5=$6"(" 98 - N S(5 ( $ (#'= 6E=$M("E = '8'[ 5=$6"(" B. R'6 '=9Z, N 5=$6"(" 9 8( $b'=E - S 5 ' =$ S(5 (, ' (5 ! 3'6'4!"' ' '5 ("(4E(, '5 ='("E '" 65(#3$ ' '3"'B 'B M( 5V(8(. CV(8$, b'=8 4$ $ '6$: «%" S 65 6'6$4 5(?9, $ S(4'6( , ' '=EB...» > (=6'B S$5 5=$6"(" 9 "$&E6$( 59 S 65 6', &$ (8 54(3 ( 5=$6"(" (: « $ S(4'6( , ' '=EB...» .3. R= 6(3 "(5 '4! ' = 8(='6. (@(6 " =$&8EW49( ' ?=$ (.) «7$ $M3'8 W$# '" 5 E E6$4 ', S ' 5 E $4 ?E S(4'6( , 4Z?'6$6W B59 4$6"E8, 5S$5 4 6E8 V'3'8 4'3'S ' '&(= , '54( '#' $ '" ?E 5$8 5(4 6 N 4'3'S . %" 6 3(4, S ' 8$4' '#', S '?E 5 3( ! ='6"', "( $S$95!, - "$3' ([( 5''?=$M$ !59, " "$ 8 " "( &$?E6$9, 3$ 4E !, S ' '3 "'#$8 6'3$ "$3' #=(5 , S ' "( = 6ES"E8 = $8 ?'4!"', S ' '4! ' 58' =( ! "$ N ' 4(# ', $ S ' 3(4$ ! N ' V' 9 'S("! =$3'5 "', "' 'S("! = 3"'». (j$5 ! 9 $9, #4$6$ 14.) (>' 6=(89 =$&8'46 5 M("'B.) «%" '5 '=? 459 6 (=6 Z 8 " , "' 6 M( 5( "3 '" 'S 65 6'6$4, S ' '" "( 8'M( ?E ! '5 '=?4(" (Z, S ' '"$ ?E4$ '" 5$8. %" 5 E E6$4 6 (=6 Z 8 " S 65 6', '3'?"'( '8 , $'( 5 E E6$( S(4'6( , '#3$, '4 S 6 63= # 5 4!"EB 3$= 5&$3 , 5 3'5$3'B M(4$" (8 8(5 '?'=$S 6$( 59, S '?E "$B 6 "'6"'#', ?(M3$( 59, S ' N ' '" 5$8 "(S$9""' 3$= 4 5(?9, S ' 5(=3 !59 "( "$ '#' "$3' (=("(5 W ! ?'4!». «%5 $6$ !59 5 $ 8 "(5 =$6(34 6E8 '?6 "(" (8 ?E4' 8 S (4!"', "', ' =$63$6W 5!, 53(4$ ! (B ?'4!"' ?E4' ([( V M(. <$ S(4'6( , 6 '4 5"( '89[ B59 ?'4!Z, '" V' (4 ' '=6$ !, ' ?='5 ! ' 5(?9 ?'4!"'( 8(5 ' , ' '8" 6W 5!, S 65 6'6$4, S ' ?'4!"'( 8(5 ' - '" 5$8». «...?'M(5 6(""EB '?=$& #'5 'M l $4!, ' '=EB '"$ (< ) 8(59A A(4EB "'5 4$ 6 3 W(, ?(&6'&6=$ "' 5S(&, $ b # =$, 5'5 $6 6W$959 & ?='W(""'#' 4$ !9, 5S(-
281
&$( , '#3$ 'B8(W!, $ 4(M N ' 4$ !(». (j$5 ! 6 '=$9, #4$6$ 34.) «D( (=! '" (<$=(" ") 5 E E6$4 S 65 6', '3'?"'( '8 , $ '( 5 E $4 ?E S(4'6( , 5 ' 'B"' ='W(3W B "$3 =' $5 !Z ' 8'5 63= # 6 3$6W B, S ' N ' 8'5 =$&'?=$" S ' $8 S "$». (j$5 ! 6 '=$9, #4$6$ 8.) «D( (=! '" 5 E E6$4 S 65 6', '3'?"'( '8 , $ '( 5 E $4 ?E S(4'6( , 6'&6=$ 6W B59 3'8'B "$V'39[ B 3'8 56'B &$ (= E8». (j$5 ! 6 '=$9, #4$6$ 9.) «<$ ?E , ' '="' ' 5 6 #'4'6 , '" M3$4 '? V$, ' '=EB, '" S 65 6'6$4, ?E4 "$3 " 8 '3"9 ». (j$5 ! 6 '=$9, #4$6$ 10.) «7' '" (>='"5 B) 'S("! 5 '=' &$8( 4, S ' V' 9 56( ?E4 ' =E 349 "(#' 4 S"', '" ?E4 &$ =E 349 ;""E. <$ 6 #=( 6 'W -8EW , = '3"9 E( 349 "(#', ' S$5 M( ' 5 $4 5! =(3 ;""'B». (j$5 ! 9 $9, #4$6$ 28.) «7(4!&9 ?E4' " ' S(8 "$S$ ! #'6'= !, S '?E =$&#'6'= "( 56(=" 459 "$ ;4( 5(9 ;4( 5$"3='6 S$, " 3$ "(4!&9 ?E4' '(V$ !, S '?E "( 65 =( ! (#'. D$ ' =$B"(B 8(=( $&$4'5! >='"5 '8 , $ $M( 59 S(4'6(5 ?'4!"E8 $4!A(8, S ' '", $ "$='S"', '?' 65( &$3(6$( N 8 5$8E8 ?'4!"E8 $4!A(8».
f 6'5 $""EV = 55 V 4Z3(B "$ ?'4(( =$5 ='5 =$"(""$9 "(B =$4!"$9 b'=8$ '?=$[(" 9 "( 89, $ 89' S(5 6': 26$" 26$"'6 S 4 7 "$ 26$"'6"$. <=(5 !9" " 8'M( ' 4 " ! 3= #'#' 26$"'8 4 >$"! 'B, "' 6''?[( '4! ' ='6"E( ='35 6("" , 3= &!9 3( 5 6$ 4 4Z3 , 54 M 6W ( 6 '3"'8 '4 , "$&E6$Z 3= # 3= #$ ' 8(" . d &"$4 8"'# V = 55 V, 5 ' '=E8 3= M 4 3(59 4( 98 , "' " '#3$ ?E "( = 5 " 4 "$&E6$ ! V "$S(, S(8 26$" 26$"'6 S 4 Y'= 5 R( ='6 S; 'N '8 $ 4(# '5 !, 5 ' '='B 5 ( (""E( $8(= $"AE 5 $"'69 59 3= # 349 3= #$ :$== 4 Y 44$8 '54( 36 V 5 $ $"'6 6 5 , $M( 59 ?E6W(8 26$" 26$"'6 S 5'6(=W(""' "(8E54 8'B. <...>
282
( C5E4 "$ 5 =$" AE 3$Z 59 =(" "$. - \., e 3'M(5 6(""$9 4
(=$
N 1.
,) '
&3$" Z: D'45 'B @. 7. ;""$ <$-
=$, 1976. - Y>@. - R= 8. (=(6.
"
-
. C4'6' 3'8 (6 3'8(, 3'8'S$3AE, 3'8$) '6 '=9( 59 6'5(8! =$& 6 W(5 =(34'M(" 9V. a ' 9M(4'6$ EB '=M(5 6(""EB '6 '= 3'8, 3'8, 3'8, &6 S$[ B $ '#=(?$4!"EB &6'" "$3 '?=(S(""'B 5(8(B"'B M &"!Z ('3"$ & #4$6"EV (8 " # ), - ' ='6(""EB 5 4 5 S(5 B = (8 (5. 23).
N 2.
,
"
,
%?4'"5 B 5 "(5 '4! 8 3= &!98 , 6 '8 S 54( >='"5 8 , 6(='9 "', ;4$? "E8, 3$( '?(3 6 S(5 ! &"$8(" 'B (6 AE (58. = 8. 75); N = 9 "E( 4$"E ' E6$Z (#' 5'" (=( 4( $Z 59 5 '54(3" 8 #$&( "E8 "'6'5 98 : '" ?'4!W'B 4Z? (4! '4 S(5 'B 8(W$" "E. > N ' 6=(89 (b(6=$4! 1872 #.) (4!"5 $9 #$&( $, 6EV'3 6W$9 6 i$=8W $3 ( (5 '4 A$ >(4 '#' #(=A'#5 6$ :(55("5 '#', 6V'3 6W(#' 6 5'5 $6 :(=8$"5 'B 8 (= 6 1866 #.), 3(494$ ?'4!W'( 6" 8$" ( $ "$&E6$(8'8 ;4$?$85 '8 6' ='5 (N 8 (=8 "'8 '?'&"$S$4 $8(= $"5 ( =( ("& >(4 '?= $" '54( :=$M3$"5 'B 6'B"E, 6 V'3( ' '='B ?E4 "$"(5(" ='" $8(= $"5 '8 8'=5 '8 b4' ). > =(& 4! $ ( i$=8W $3 , ;4$? " ;8(= $ 58(W$4 5! 6 5"( %?4'"5 '#' (5. 23).
N 3. IL MIO TESORO «\'( 5' ='6 [(». C4'6$ & ' (=E \'A$= $ «i'" h $"» (1787), ' '=E( '( i'" % $6 ', (=5'"$M, &"$S (4!"' ?'4(( "=$65 6(""EB ' ' "'W(" Z M("[ "$8, S(8 %?4'"5 B (5. 23).
283
N 4. 7' 6(3! ' $ '"$ ?E4$ "$5 6 3'8(, 9 "( 5(?( " S(#'. 2 V M( 65(#' ', S ' '"$ M(...
'&6'494
R(=6'( 8(5 ' 8(" ( «'"$» ' "'5 59 m-lle Roland, 6 '='( M("( %?4'"5 '#' i'44 , ' '=$9 "$V'3 59 "$ 6'5!8'8 8(59A( ?(=(8(""'5 (i'44 ='3 3(6'S 6 '"A( & 8E, 6 8$= () (5. 25).
N 5. f
.
,
' '='#' %?4'"5 4$ ! &$ " V.
N
. -
B ?=$4 N
$M
= 5 9M" Z. D( (=! " M"'
6.
,
,
:'6'=9 5 $8(=3 "(='8, %?4'"5 B "$&E6$( 5(5 = M(" ' 8(" -' S(5 6 . >8(5 ' i$=!9 ;4( 5$"3='6"$ '" 8'# ?E 5 $&$ ! "9# "9 4 ?$=E"9. N 7. 8(M3 34 ""E8 \'3"E8
3=96E8
6 70-( ##. 6 g6=' (
N 8.
?$ ("?$=3$8
;8(=
(.
.
\$ 6(B '" 8$( , S ' V'&9 " V'S( 54( 55'=E (5. 27).
N 9.
='6(=
! =($ A Z M("E
,
C $=EB 54 #$ 6E=$M$( 59 ='5 '"$='3"', 5 ' (" '8 b$ $4 &8$, 54'6'8 (5. 27). N 10. @Z?
'-
Z "E8, V' 9
$ $ !59...
79"9 A = ( $ $ !59, 4Z?
&6(5 " Z = 55 Z '54'6 A : «@Z? W! 5$"'S 6'& !» (5. 27).
284
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a ' W = V 8'M"' 5=$6" &4' ' =(?49( D'45 'B: [$9 8"'M(5 6' ' (" '6 3 (4!"'5 !, 6(M4 6 Z 5 (5. 27).
! 5 3= # 8 '?'=' '8, ' '=E8 «54$?$9 4E? $» - (=(3$ZS 65 6: "$58(W4 6 Z 5" 5V'8 $ Z, '&'="'( 3= M(4Z? (
N 12. < A$, = '?=( $Z[(#' 4(5 6 g=# W'6( ( '8(5 !( %?4'"5 '#'), &'6 X9? " "E8; '" '96 59 6' 6 '='B S$5, 6 #4$6( 16 (5. 28).
N 13. 3
$
2
22
R' 5 $='B 5 5 (8(, = "9 'B 6 X'55 6' 65(8 8 =(, V'='W$9 (S$ ! =(?'6$4$ =' E6$ ! ? 8$# 64$#'B. R'N '8 '4! ' S ' ' (S$ $""$9 #$&( $ ?E4$ 5E='B (5. 28).
N 14. f8(=(""'-4 ?(=$4!"$9 #$&( $, ' '= Z S $4 %?4'"5 B, - 'S(6 3"', «X 55 ( 6(3'8'5 », 6EV'3 6W ( (M(3"(6"', "$S "$9 5 1868 #. (5. 28).
285
N 15. 2 > 862 #. ".N. XZ= , "'=8$"35 B 6' ", =(36'3 (4! 6$=9#'6 (5 $"3 "$65 '#' 4(8(" ), (=(5( Y$4 B5 '( 8'=( '5"'6$4 (=6 Z = 55 Z 3 "$5 Z "9&(B (862 1598). ^$ (8 '54( C8 "'#' 6=(8(" "$ =(5 '4( 6'A$= 4$5! 3 "$5 9 X'8$"'6EV (1613 - 1917), ='3 8("(( 3=(6" B, S(8 XZ= '6 S . > #("($4'# = 55 '#' 36'=9"5 6$, 5'5 $64(""'B i'4#'= '6E8, &$ 5$"E '4! ' 60 5(8(B5 6, =' 5V'3 6W V ' XZ= $ ='5 [(5 6'6$6W V 3' 1855 #. C=(3 " V (5 ! %?'4("5 (. >(='9 "', D'45 'B "(5 '4! ' "(?=(M"' (=(3(4$4 N b$8 4 Z 6 %?4'"5 V (5. 29).
N 16. 2(=(8 9 Y(" $8 (1740 - 1832), $"#4 B5 B Z= 5 , iM(B85 \ 44! (1773 - 1836), W' 4$"35 B N '"'8 5 ; V # 8$" 5 S(5 ( 3( 6E&E6$4 5 8 $ 6 = 55 '8 '?[(5 6( (5. 29). N 17. :=$b Y(B5 , $ 54EW"', ='(V$4 6 > 5?$3("...
:=$b O= 3= V O(=3 "$"3 b'" Y(B5 (1809 - 1886), $65 = B5 B #'5 3$=5 6(""EB 3(9 (4!. > ' 6=(89 ;65 = 9 ?E4$ "$5 '9[ 8 '5 "E8 #"(&3'8 '4 S(5 V " = #, 6 = 55 'B =(55( W4 ?(5 '"(S"E( 3(?$ E ' '6'3 '#', S ' Y(B5 ?E4 6"(&$ "' '56'?'M3(" ' 3'4M"'5 $"A4(=$ (10 "'9?=9 ' "'6'8 5 4Z 1871 #.) "$&"$S(" '54'8 = $"#4 B5 '8 36'=(. R(=(3 5$8E8 X'M3(5 6'8 1871 #. 5=$& M( '54( =(35 $64(" 9 6(= (4!"EV #=$8' '" ' " 4 ;"#4 Z, S '?E ='6(5 5' 56'(B 5(8!(B 36$ 8(59A$ 6 C(6(="'B 2 $4 . C'#4$5"' #$&( $8 '#' 6=(8(" , $ $ M( (#' 5'?5 6(""E8 8(8 $=$8 (@'"3'", 1887), (#' 6'&6=$[(" ( 6 @'"3'" S(=(& > 5?$3(" 5'6 $4' 5 = #' '64(" 98 ?4$#'3$=5 6(""'8 8'4(?" , ' '=EB 3'4M(" ?E4 5'5 '9 !59 6 5'?'=( C6. R$64$ 6' 6 '=" , 15/27 b(6=$49 1872 #., 6 S(5 ! 6E&3'='64(" 9 = "A$ fN4!5 '#' ' b$. %?4'"5 B ='S(4 ' (W(5 6 Y(B5 $ 6 ;"#4 Z S(=(& > 5?$3(" 6 9 " A , (3 "5 6(""$9 '3V'39[$9 9 " A$ - 11/23 b(6=$49 1872 #. - 3("!, 5 ' '='#' "$S "$( 59 ='8$".
286
7( ' '=E( & 6$5, "$6(="'(, 65( ([( "(3' 8(6$Z , 'S(8 8E 5 D'45 E8 '8 "$(8 '3'?"E( 5 9 . j '?E 8$# 9 5 55 6$, V 3'M(5 6(""EB 6E8E5(4 $&$4 5! =($4!"E8 , V 3'M" "'#3$ '8([$( V 6 '5'? Z 5 '= S(5 Z 5 5 (8 ' 5S( $, 55E4$95! "$ $ 'B-4 ?' b$ , ' '=EB 8'M"' 4(# ' ='6(= ! 6 ? ?4 ' ( (, N 'B A $3(4 44Z& B. C4 S$B 5 #=$b'8 Y(B5 '8 8'M( 54 M ! 6(4 '4( "E8 = 8(='8 6 5 '=( ' $ "$&E6$(8'B =($4!"'B M &" $ "$&E6$(8'8 6E8E54(. C '3"'B 5 '='"E, 8(( 59 5 '= S(5 B b$ : "( B b'" Y(B5 , #'5 3$=5 6(""EB 3(9 (4! 3 4'8$ , '5 $6 4 36$ '8$ 6'5 '8 "$" B, #3( '" 5 ?'4!W'B '?5 '9 (4!"'5 !Z (=(S 549( 65( '5 =' 8"E( =( 4 '4 S(5 ( $4$8? =E, = 3 8$""E( 8 &$ 3'4# ( #'3E (#' '4 S(5 'B $=!(=E. C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, (=(3 "$8 C 6$ %?4'"5 B, 5 #'4'6E 3' 9 5'&3$""EB D'45 E8, 65 $( 6' ='5: ' M( & " V ?'4(( M 6'B, ?'4(( =($4!"EB, ?'4(( 3'5 '6(="EB - "$5 '9[ B, "(6E3 8$""EB #=$b Y(B5 4 6E8EW4(""EB "9&! %?4'"5 B? 7(58' =9 "$ 56' 8(8 $=E - 8"'#'54'6"E(, 9# S (, '4"E( &? EV 4 W(, 8 4(BW B Y(B5 $ "$65(#3$ '5$459 "("$ =$4!"'B 54'6"'B b # ='B; 8(M3 (8 $ " '#3$ "( 5 [(5 6'6$6W B %?4'"5 B - ?(558(= "EB, M 6'B S(4'6( . C $M ?'4!W(: 5$8 Y(B5 54(# $ 'M 6$( , ' $3$9 6 '45 '65 B 6E8EW4(""EB 8 = (5. 29). N 18. i6$ 3( 5 ( #'4'5$ (C ( $" ;= $3! S &"$4 #'4'5$ := W , 8("!W'#' 8$4!S $, D$" , 5 $=W(B 3(6'S ) '54EW$4 5! &$ 36(=!8 . %" S '- ' 6(&4 ='" 4 ... «>5( 58(W$4'5!», - '3 8$4 C ( $" ;= $3! S j B S $ (4! ' 8( , S ' N ' "(?'4!W'B N &'3 5 #= W(S"E8 '(&3'8, ?(# [ 8 "$ b'"( (=( '4'V$ 6 3'8(, 6E&6$""'#' 5 = M(5 'B &8("'B, - '" '( =(3 =(M3(" (, 5 4$" ='6$""'( ='&'=4 6E8 5 55 6'8 D'45 '#' $&E6$Z[(( "$ ?'4(( 5 =$W" Z $ $5 ='b 6 5(3!8'B S$5 . %5'?(""' " (=(5"', S ' 8$4("! B 5E" ;""E, C(=(M$, '&M( ? 3( #=$ ! 6 W '4( 6 6E3 8$"" Z #= , #3( 8$4!S &'?=$M$Z 36 M [ B59 '(&3, $ '#3$ # 6(="$" $ "$V'3 (#' 6 "E" , ' $&E6$( 59, S ' 6E&6$"' '"' "( W ?'8 6' 6=(89 #=E, $ ' "'W(" 98 6 5(8!( (5. 29).
287
N 19.
,
,
2
i'44 '?E "'6(""' 65 $6$4$ '&M( " '#3$ "( ?E4$ "$ "'#$V 6 5 '4! =$"" B S$5 (9 S. 30 8 ".), (54 V'='W' 5 $4$ "'S!Z (5. 30).
N 20. g[( '3"' 8("!W (4!"'-4$5 $ (4!"'( 89, '?=$&'6$""'( ' '?ES"'#' «D$"9» 4 «D$"(S $». %?4'"5 B 5'(3 "9( (#' 5' 54'6'8 «3'S ='S $» (5. 28).
N 21. %?4'"5 B, $ 659 B 6E5' ' '5 $64(""EB 54 M$[ B, 8'# 5 '= ! =$558' =(" ( 3(4 4 ' '"S ! 5 6'4' 'B 3$M( '64 9 ! "$ 5V'3 5'8" (4!"'#' 3(4$. > & ='5 (49 8'M"' 5=$6" ! 5 6 & '8 '"#=(558(" 6 A(49V '5'?'#' ?4$#' = 9 5 6'6$" 9 5 (#' 5 '='"E. g5(5 6(""', 5=(3 ='5 (4(B ?E4' ?'4!W( ='5 '4Z3 "'6, S(8 $= 5 ' =$ '6 6E5' ' '5 $64(""EV 4 A, $ $ 3= &!9 %?4'"5 '#' 4 4Z3 (#' = #$ 8'#4 ' ='5 ! (#' '? 54 #( &$ '?(3'8 4 S(=(& '?[(#' &"$ '8'#' (5. 31).
N 22.
3
> 3'8$V = 55 V #'5 '3 S$5'6[ (&3(5! N ' "(8(A) = V'3 4 =$& 6 "(3(4Z, '?ES"' ' 9 " A$8, S '?E ='6(= ! &$6(5 "$5 '4!"E(, "$5 (""E( 3(3'65 ( S$5E. > N '8 ' =E6 ( "$&6$" 3("! "(3(4 , '#3$ "$S "$( 59 3(B5 6 (. i49 ='8$"$, #3( 6=(89 #=$( 5 '4! 6$M" Z ='4!, S$5'6[ - 5$8'( '3V'39[(( 4 A', S '?E "$ 56'B 4$3 «&$6(5 » 3(B5 6 ( (5. 34).
N 23.
,
> "$S$4( 70-V ##. ='W4'#' 5 '4( 9 '3 " = ?4! 494 = ?4 & (4!"' = S( 6(= 3'44$=$, "' (4!"$9 5 '5'?"'5 ! 3'44$=$ (1 = ?4! 30 ' .) ' =(3(4(""'8 58E54( 6EW(, S(8 5(#'3"9. := ?'
5'5 $6' $?E4$ 6 #'6'=9,
288
#'5 3$=5 6(""'( M$4'6$"!( 6 W(5 ! E59S = ?4(B 6 #'3, ' '='( 4$ 4 %?4'"5 '8 6 1872 #. 5'' 6( 5 6 ( S(E=(8 E59S$8 9 5 $8 3'44$=$8 6 '8 M( #'3 (N ' ' =$B"(B 8(=( 9 "$3A$ ! E59S 3'44$='6 5(#'3"9, ?(& 'W4 "E) (5. 34). N 24. M$5"' #4$6"'( '...
i'44 ?'4!W( 65(#' '?(5 ' '("$ (8, S ' '"$ 3'4M"$ ='3 ! S(=(& 8(59A (5. 35). ^3(5! 54EW 59 96"EB ' &6 =$&8EW4(" B %?4'"5 '#' "$ M( (8 (5. 25).
N 25.
"
,
@ ?(=$4!"'5 ! 6 '" 8$" D'45 '#' "( 5'6 $3$( 5 &$$3"E8 3(8' =$ S(5 8 3($4$8 5 5 ""E8 4 ?(=$4 &8'8 ='#=(55 6"EV 54'(6 =(M"(B X'55 . «@ ?(=$4!"'5 !» %?4'"5 '#' $ = $=V$4!"$, &$8( 8, S ' %?4'"5 B &$V6$S(" =$5 ='5 =$"(""E8 =$5 5 5 8 =(3=$55 3 $8 (5. 36).
N 26. %?4'"5 B 5"94 56'B 3M$ (5 ! 6 &(4("EB 5Z= ) (5. 36).
N
(=('3(459 6 'b A $4!"EB ( '
27. R("&$, #4$6"EB #'='3 R("&("5 'B # ?(=" k(" =$4!"'B X'55 (5. 36).
N 28.
, 6 6'5 'S"'B S$5
-2
7(8(A B $8(=-Z" (= = ?4 & (4!"' 5'' 6( 5 6 ( $"#4 B5 '8 =(35 $6 (4Z '='4(65 'B $4$ E. %3 " & 8"'#'S 54(""EV = 55 V = 36'="EV S "'6, 3'6'4!"' 'S( "EB, 3$Z[ B ?$"$4!"E( = 6 4(# , $ , "$= 8(=, =$6' '5([$ ! = 36'="E( ?$4E. := "(6 S #'=3 59 (8, S ' ?4$#'3$=9 N '8 S " '" 5 ' "$ ?'4(( 6E5' 'B 5 (" '?[(5 6(""'B 4(5 " AE, S(8 (#' '44(#$, 5 $=EB 54 M$ $ 7 " (5. 37). R'54(3"(#' "( 54(3 ( $ !57 "E8, ' '='#' '8 "$( < .
289
N 29. e' 9 6E5W ( S(?"E( &$6(3(" 9 349 M("[ " "$S$4 '9649 !59 4 W! 6 1859 #., 3(6 W & 36'=9"5 V 5(8(B, '3'?"EV }(=?$A 8, '5 $4 6 '3 " & 2"5 '6 ?4$#'='3"EV 3(6 A, 5'&3$""EV 6 18 6., 4 '4 S$4 '?=$&'6$" ( 3'8$ 5 # 6(="$" $8 = V'39[ 8 S (498 . R='#=$88$ 5'5 '94$ & [$ (4!"'#' & S(" 9 b=$"A &5 '#' 9&E $ 4 (=$ =E, $"A(6, 8 &E , = 5'6$" 9. >' 8"'# V 5(8!9V, '5'?(""' 6 R( (=? =#( \'5 6(, "$=93 5 b=$"A &5 8 & S$4 $"#4 B5 B 9&E . \'4'3E( M("[ "E & ' = M(" 9 < " '#3$ "( 6EV'3 4 "$ 4 A ?(& # 6(="$" 4 8$ (= . 2V 8'M"' ?E4' 6 3( ! 6 ' =(3(4(""EB 56( 5 B S$5 "$ ' =(3(4(""'8 8'3"'8 ? 4!6$=(, '#3$ &$ " 8 54(3'6$4 4$(B - 349 &$[ E 349 =(5 M$.
N 30. D'45 'B '?=$& ( b$8 4 Z 56'(#' #(='9 (= 55 '#' $= 5 ' =$ $, =''?=$&'8 ' '='#' 54 M 4 8'4'3'B D'45 'B) ' 56'(#' 5'?5 6(""'#' 8(" «@(6». D'45 'B =' &"'5 4 56'( 89 $ «@w6», $ "( «@(6». <...> @!6'6 7$&6$6 8 M$ 7$ $4 }(=?$A 'B, 3 4'8$ $ 5 5 4ZS (4!"' &E5 $""E8 8$"(=$8 , @!6'6E8, D'45 'B '4!& ( 59 =' &6'3"E8 8("(8 ' «@!6$», (8 5$8E8 '3S(= 6$9 3= # Z 5 '='" 56'(B 5'?5 6(""'B 4 S"'5 , '5'?(""' Z"'W(5 '( 5 =(84(" ( ?E ! 5'6(=W(""' comme il faut.
N 31.
$
« $»
X 55 ( ( $ b=$"A &E "(8AE), '?=$[$95! ?4 &8 &"$ '8E8, #'6'=9 8 « E» (b=$"A &5 '( tu, "(8(A'( du) 68(5 ' «6E». e' 9 '?ES"' « E» 54(3 ( &$ 8("(8 5'?(5(3" $, "(=(3 ' 65 =(S$( 59 5'S( $" ( 5 b$8 4 (B, 3$M( 5 8("(8-' S(5 6'8 (5. 38).
290
N
32.
,
,
$
^(85 6$ (5'&3$""E( ' =$6 (4!5 6(""'8 $& ' 1 9"6$=9 1864 #.) =(35 $6494 5'?'B ' = M"E( ='6 "A $4!"E( 5'?=$" 9 5'6( E, ' '=E( &? =$4 5! =(89 54'98 "$5(4(" 9: '8([ $8 , =(5 !9"$8 #'='M$"$8 . @(6 " 5"$S$4$ #'=9S' '33(=M 6$4 N $38 " 5 =$ 6"E( 5'6( E, "' &$ (8 "$S$4 =(& ' 6'&=$M$ ! =' 6 " V, = 9 '8([ '6, 5 =$ 6$6W V 56' V &$ $3ES"EV 3= &(B "$ 5$8E( = ?E4!"E( 3'4M"'5 (5. 39).
N 33.
,
)
-
, R' 8'3( 5W 'B $ ' '8 }(=?$A
'#' 6=(8(" , @(6 ", 6'&8'M"', ?E4 6 V'='W' ='5 '="'B = (, ' 3(4$""'B ' =$Z (5!8'B, (=('3(459 6 5Z= (=(3 6(S(=" 8 6 & '8 8 (5. 40).
N 34. 289 A$; '3=$& 8(6$( 59 V'='W B, "' "( W =(5 '=$", #'3"EB 349 3= M(5 '#' '?(3$ (5. 40).
N 35.
$ ,
,
$="EB
-
D 54EW 59 96"$9 $44Z& 9 "$ D 4!5 Z # ?(=" Z ( '&3"(( "$&6$"" Z <$W "5 'B) 6 k(" =$4!"'B X'55 , =$5 '4'M("" Z Z# ' \'5 6E, #3( D'45 'B 5$8 64$3(4 '?W ="E8 &(8498 . : ?(=" 9 5'5 '94$ & (&3'6. D'45 'B 6E3 8$4 «<$=$& "5 B» (&3, = S 34 6' '?=$&'6$6 N ' 54'6' ' 8(" <$=$& "$ (&"$8(" '#' '?[(5 6(""'#' 3(9 (49, 1773 - 1842) <=$ 6("5 '#' (&3$, #3( =$5 '4'M("' (#' 5'?5 6(""'( 8(" ( d5"$9 R'49"$ (' '4' 6'5!8 8 4! ' D 4E ' \'5 '65 '< =5 'B 3'='#(), 5 = ?$64(" (8 "$&6$" 9 5'5(3"(B 3(=(6" (<$=$8EW(6'). ^(84 @(6 "$ $ M( =$5 '4'M("E
291
6 «C(4(&"(65 '8» =$B'"( (5. 42).
'B M( <$W "5 'B # ?(="
N 36. D'45 'B 8(( 6 6 3 ?E4 $ ' (5. 41).
N 37.
R=(5"("5
(
= 3E 6 \'5 6(, #3( & 8'B
$
C'#4$5"' 8'(8 5 'S" («Mode in Costume», by R.Turner Wilcox, New York, 1948, 5. 308), 4 4'6E( =$5"E( " M" ( Z? S 4 '4!&'6$4 5! ?'4!W 8 5 (V'8 8'4'3EV $= M$"' = ?4 & (4!"' 6 1870 #. 8'5 '65 ( 8'3" AE, '"(S"', '3=$M$4 $= M5 'B 8'3(. f < , 6(='9 "', ?E4 '4' "9"E( 4 'M$"E( '4 5$ 'M "$ #'6 $V.
N 38.
< $
)
)-
D'45 'B "( 3$( 5(?( = 3$ 54 W '8 #4 ?49 !59 6 N ' 4(# ' 3'5 "EB =(38( . >' ='5E 8$ (= 5'&"$" 9 3' 5 V '= '?5 M3$Z 6' 65(8 8 =(, "' 5$8$ ='?4(8$, $ (( b'=8 4 = ( D'45 'B, 1870 #. "$5 '4! ' 5 $=(4$, $&$4$5! 5 '4! 'S(6 3"'B &4$#$4$5! 6 5 '4! '?[(8 6 3(, S ' (36$ 4 ='b(55'= b 4'5'b ='3(4$4 ?E $ 'B '#='8"EB ! (?'4(( 300 8 4!) & e$=!'6$ 6 \'5 6 , S '?E '?5 3 ! (( 5' 56' 8 '44(#'B (5. 44).
N 39.
,
,
,
C'#4$5"' Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (Leipzig, 1882), 5 [(5 6'6$4 S("EB ' 8(" X$B8'"3 iM$ '? > =5 (1800 - 1845) '8 '& '= 16 6. :("= V <"$ 5 ( 4 <"$ 5 " 5). d "( "$W(4 <(B5$, "( #'6'=9 M( ' R= $5'6(, =(3 'S $Z 3 8$ !, S ' D'45 'B '5 =' 8"' 6E3 8$4 N 6(=(" A 8(" b 4'5'b'6-8$ (= $4 5 '6 5 =$63' '3'?"E8 ='A(" "E8 ' "'W(" (8 - '3"$ = 55 $9 b$8 4 9 "$ = "(8(A V (5. 45).
292
N 40. C "(&$ $89 "EV 6=(8(", '#3$ ?(=A'6 Z '5 ! 4'W$3 5 '4!&'6$4 349 &#' '64(" 9 '4'&!(6, 8$4!S W Z"'W = 5 =$5 4 5! #=$ ! "$ 4!3 &$8(=&W V =( ?'4' . a ' 5 '= ?E4 S=(&6ES$B"' ' 49=(" 6 5 $='B X'55 , $ 1870 #. 5 $4 8'3"E8 8 MS ", M("[ ". <'"! & 5 $4 5 = #4E8 4 '5 =E8 "'5$8 = 69&E6$4 ?' " 4' "' = =( 494 5 (A $4!"E8 &$M 8$8 , W $8 4 6 " $8 , = 6 "S 6$Z[ 8 59 '38( (. a ' ?E4' 3' '#', $ '96 4 5! 5 (A $4!"E( ?' " , ' '=E8 =( 4 5! '"! (5. 48). N 41. 5 $=E( 3=96E( ?(=(&E 5$3$, '?6 5W ( 65(8 6( 698 ' 5"(#$, $&$4'5!, ?E4 =$& ?=$"E 6 "'6E(, '=M(5 6(""E( = &E <$ 9 #'6'= 4 =$"!W(, 5 4! D'45 '#', 'V' "' 3' 5$Z[ B 4 $="E( (« "'5 $&$ (4!"E(») 5=$6"(" 9, 5'6(=W(""' 4 W(" 'N S(5 V '3'?4(" B 4 8( $b'=, =(3"$&"$S(""EV 6 (=6 Z 'S(=(3! 349 '#', S '?E ='? 3 ! V 3'M(5 6(""'( S !( S $ (49. a ?(=(&E ($ $ M( 5=$6"(" ( 5 5'4"A(8 ='&$"'8) - 5 4ZS(" 9. >5 '=( #4E "(9 $3 "$ 8(V'6 Z 8 b < (5. 48). 2" (=(5"' 5=$6" !, $ 6 3 @(6 " N 5 86'4 S(5 ( 3(=(6!9 6 "$S$4( 56'(#' V$M 6$" 9, 5 ' 5$" (8 5 $=EV ?(=(& (' ' '=EV 6 (=6E( '8 "$( (#' ?=$ 7 '4$B), '? EV 5 4!"E8 4( " 8 =$#$"'8 6 '54(3"(B S$5 " # .
N 42. 7'6 S' 6 "( 4ZM V '"! $V 8'# '6E49 !, A( 4995! &$ 5 " &(4("'#' =(54$, 6 (V M( 5$8EV =(54$V 3$8E 8'#4 $ $ !59 5 '8'[!Z 56' V 3= &(B 4 4$ "EV $ $4![ '6 (5. 48).
N 43. \'4'3'B S(4'6( , 5E" 36'=9" "$, "$3(4 "$ $ ' '5Z8 ='5 '4Z3 "$ 4 5 4 &'6$""EB ='5 '"$='3"EB
293
"$=93 - 6E5' '6(S!Z W$
( 5$ '# , '=' (5. 49).
N 44.
Z
'3 '95$"" Z
, .-
, $
,
$
=
,
$ ?
a ' "(?'4!W$9 'W ? $ D'45 '#', "', $ M( #'6'= 4'5! =$"!W(, "$ =' 9M(" 65(B " # 6=(89 @(6 "$ «' 5 $( » ' 6=(8(" 3= # V (=5'"$M(B (5. 52). R'?E6$6 %?4'"5 V (#4$6$ 4), 8E &"$(8, S ' ?E4$ 9 " A$, '&3"(( N ' '3 6(=39 55E4 "$ 6'5 =(5("!( (5. 52).
N 45.
«
2»
«+
<»?
«a=8 $M» '89" , "' ' 6(=#" , '5 '4! ='8$" 5 (36$ 4 '3'?$( =( 4$8 ='6$ ! '3 " & 4 SW V 8'5 '65 V =(5 '=$"'6 (#3(, 5'#4$5"' (6'3 (4Z Y(3((=$ 90-V ##., ' (5 ! "$ 36$3A$ ! 4( '&M(, V'='W B '?(3 ?(& 6 "$ 5 ' 4 36$ = ?49 36$3A$ ! 9 ! ' (( , 4 $= 3'44$='6). D'45 'B '8 "$( '? N '8 68(5 ( 5 6E8EW4(""'B «;"#4 (B» ='5 ' 349 '#', S '?E 3$ ! '"9 ( ' (#' 4$55(. 7 M"' 5 $&$ !, S ' '?(3$4 6 =(M"(( 6=(89 '?ES"' 8(M3 9 !Z W(5 !Z S$5$8 (5. 52). 7( 'S"'5 ! >. 7$?' '6$: =(5 '=$" #'5 " A$ «;"#4 9» 3(B5 6 (4!"' 5 [(5 6'6$4 6 \'5 6(, "$ R( ='6 (. R= 8. =(3.
N 46.
,
@ S"E8 N $M$8 "$"9 E8 , "( 5S $9 $=( (&$=E $9 '495 $ "$ '4(5$V, 6 ' '='B (&3 4 %?4'"5 B), ?E4 6 '5"'6"'8 Z "E( 5$" "$ 36' V. C"(#, ' ' '='8 $ 4 5! 5$" , 4(M$4 "$ 4 A$V \'5 6E R((=? =#$ = ?4 & (4!"' 5 "'9?=9 3' $ =(49 (5. 53).
N 47.
$
D$ "$&E6$( 59 "$='3"'5 ! - = ?4 & (4!"' = 8 44 '"$ M (4(B ?E6W(B X'55 B5 'B 8 (= , 6 '5"'6"'8 Z= 5 '#' =' 5V'M3(" 9 #4$6"E8 '?=$&'8 8 5 4!8$-
294
"(, '5 $ 8'"#'4'- $ $=5 V &$6'(6$ (4(B 13 6. 2& <$&$"5 'B # ?(=" "(5 '4! ' E59S 6 19 6. (=(?=$4 5! 6 \'5 6 R( (=? =#, #3( "( ' '=E( & " V 54 M 4 'b A $" $8 (5. 53).
N 48. )
<
,
" ,
%"$ 3'4M"$ ?E4$ "$?4Z3$ ! &$ ? b( '8 53).
N 49.
,
='3$6$ ! A6( E (5.
$
^3(5! N ' '?'?[(""EB . D'45 'B-8'=$4 5 5 E E6$4 ' 6=$[(" ( 6E8E54 (V' 9 D'45 'B-V 3'M" ?'4!W( 6E3 8$4 =$63' '3'?"EV (=5'"$M(B, S(8 ' ?E ' " ?E4' 3' "(#', &$ 5 4ZS(" (8 l( 5 =$), 6 56' V "$?='5 $V '" S$5 ' = ?(#$4 '34 ""E8 8("$8 68(5 ' 54(# $ &$6 $4 ='6$""EV, ' '=E( '" = 3 8E6$4 6 '54(35 6 . :'4 AE" - W =' ' &6(5 "$9 b$8 4 9, 6 3$""'8 54 S$( D'45 'B 96"' "( &$?' 459 ' =(6=$[(" (#' 6 :'4!A'6$ 4 @ AE"$ (5. 54).
N 50.
$
O4("5? =#5 ( 5 = AE = 6'& 4 & :(=8$" ( & l4(&6 #-:'4!W (B"5 '#' "9M(5 6$, =$5 '4'M(""'#' "$ '?(=(M!( C(6(="'#' 8'=9, Z# ' i$" ), 5 1859-#' ' 1879 #. 8 '=#'6$4$ '8 $" 9 6' O4("5? =#( "$ 3$ 5 'B #=$" A(. \(4 ( '5 ("35 ( 5 = AE 5 1765 #. = 6'& 4 & ;"#4 S(=(& ?(4!# B5 B #'='3 %5 ("3(. 2 b4("5? =#5 ( '5 ("35 ( 5 = AE ?E4 =(3 '5 !Z 6 70-( ##. 6E5' ' A(" 4 5! ='55 B5 8 # =8$"$8 (5. 54).
N 51.
"
3
"
}
- 5 , 'S A(4 '8 5'5 '9[ B & 6$=("'B $ 5 E, #=(S"(6$9 $W$ ?E4 ' 5(B 3("! '5 $Z 59 #4$6"E8 ?4Z3'8 = 55 V =(5 !9", S!Z #= ? Z [ ? 3( (5 ! @(6 ", =(6=$ 6W 5! 6 &(84(3(4!A$ 3(=(6("5 '#' M (49, ' 5 $ 6$6W(#' 56'Z ='5 Z M &"!. > 8'( 6=(-
295
89, 5'=' 4( 5 5 9, V4(?$ ! [ "', $ 4$ '8 !59 b=$"A &5 8
N 52. "
,
?E4' $ M( &E5 $"W$"!98 (5. 54).
2
Y =# "35 ( 6 "$, ?(4'( =$5"'(. Y(4'( 6 "', &6(5 "'( $ W$?4 , =' &6'39 6 6'5 'S"'B S$5 O=$"A , 'S"((, 6 3=(6"(B ='6 "A Y =# "3 9, #3( =$5 '4'M("E 3=(6"(BW ( 6 "'#=$3" 6 g6=' (. > "' "Z ("$&6$" ( 8(5 $) C("-h'=M, 'S(6 3"' =(34'M(""'( 'b A $" '8, 3(4$Z & 6 "'#=$3$, 6E=$[ 6$(8'#' 5(6(= ' Y'"$, 6 A(" =( Y =# "3 (5. 55).
N 53. CE= (4
5 V4(?'8 "$ &$
N 54. f&"$Z '"(B =(
5
8(M3
(=(8("$8 ?4Z3 (5. 55).
6EV...
>(4 S$BW B = 55 B 'N ;4( 5$"3= R W " (1799 1837) (=(6(4 "$ = 55 B 9&E (5 b=$"A &5 'B 6(=5 ) LV %3 & $ "$&E6$(8'B «Anacreontea», 5?'=" $ 5 V'6, = 5E6$(8EV 'N ;"$ =('" (='3 459 6 6 6. 3' ".N. 6 \$4'B ;& , 8(= 6 6'&=$5 ( 85 4( ). %3$ ' 4 S$( 59 ' 5 5 6 (8 56'('?=$&"EV b'=8 '" S(5 '#' 3 $4( $ 3=(6"(#=(S(5 '#' 9&E $, "$ ' '='8 ;"$ =('" 5$4, 5'#4$5"' '34 ""E8 ' =E6 $8, A = (8E8 3=(6" 8 $6 '=$8 . %?4'"5 B 5 4!"' (=(6 =$( R W "$. R W
"5
f&"$Z
(5
V &6 S$
'"(B =(
$ :
6EV
R' V 6EMM(""E8 $6=$8; f&"$Z
$=b9"
R' 6E5' d 4Z?'6"
8 4'?
S4 6EV $8;
'6 5S$5 4 6EV
f&"$Z ' V #4$&$8... (5. 56).
296
N 55. 2 5 ' 6=$[(" (8 S d =( ([
$9 M &"! 8'Z,
=' 4 "$Z,
2 #'=! ' M$4 Z5!...
@(6 " A " 9R W
= ( ' =E6' & ='"& (4!"'#' 5 "$ «>'5 '8 "$" (» (1828) (5. 58).
V' 6'=(-
N 56. > '?&'=( "(3(4!"EV "'6'5 (B 6 «Pall Mall Budget» &$ 29 3( $?=9 1871 #. 9 ='S(4 54(3 Z[((: «> C$" R( (=? =#( 8 (=$ '= &3$4 $& ' "$?'=( =( = '6 "$ 1872 #. & =$5S( $ W(5 ! S(4'6( "$ 1000 349 65(B X'55 B5 'B 8 (= , 6 4ZS$9 R'4!W . a ' '?ES"EB =( = 5 B "$?'= 8'M( 6(4 S ! $=8 Z b4' 3' 3'4M"EV =$&8(='6». a $ &$8( $ 'S "( 569&$"$ 5 ( 5 '8, "' " (=(5"$ 5$8$ ' 5(?( (5. 59).
N 57. HIMMLISCH IST?S «>(4 '4( "', (54 9 '?'='4 56'Z &(8" Z 5 =$5 !; "' (54 N ' "( 3$4'5!, 9 65( M( 5 E $4 ?4$M("5 6'». <$ #'6'= 59 6 (1937), %?4'"5 8EW » l =$ 5$, 9 36$ #'3$ '54(
'=' '8 = 8(S$" 6 (=(6'3( \'3 B A = ( N 5 =' & «@( S(B ' '=$9, '3"$ ', '96 4$5! 4 W! 5 5' 5$""'#' '?(3$.
D'S"$9 55E4 $: «Die Fledermaus», komische Operette in drei Akten nach Meilhac und Halevy ($6 '=E b=$"A &5 '#' 6'3(6 49 «Le veillon», ' '=EB 6 56'Z 'S(=(3! ?E4 (=(3(4$" & "(8(A 'B '8(3 «Das Gefngnis», "$ 5$""'B Y("(3 5'8) bearbeitet von Haffner und Genee, Musik von Johann Strauss. > (=6E( '5 $64("$ 6 >("( 5 $ =(49 1874 #. ( $ 5''?[$( @(6("?(=# 6 «Annals of Opera»,
297
1943). d "( "$W(4 N 'B $"$V='" S(5 'B A $ E 6 =(, "' '"$ 8'M( ?E ! 6 '4"'8 ( 5 ( (5. 60).
N
58.
$=
-
+
X(S! 3( ' "$ E[(""'8 6(4 S$6'8 8 5 (=( iM'"( R'35"( (, (=5'"$M( ='8$"$ «7$W '?[ B 3= #», ' '=EB (S$ $459 6 @'"3'"( 5 8$9 1864-#' ' "'9?=! 1865 #. 6 36$3A$ "'8(=$V (M(8(59S"'#' M ="$4$. R'35"( «3$M( 6E=$?' $4 5(?( '5'?EB M(5 : =$6'B = 'B '" ' 8$V 6$459 ' 5$8EV 54'M"EV 8 ='6EV 6' ='5'6 ( (8 5$8E8 5'6(=W(""' V 5 =$"94)...» (5. 61).
N 59.
2
,
$ ... « »
,
> 3 $4'#( &6(5 "'#' $b "5 '#' b 4'5'b$ R4$ '"$ (427 - 347 ##. 3' ".N.) "(5 '4! ' = Z[ V =$&#'6$= 6$Z ' 4Z?6 . %3 " & " V = '= S(5 =$&3(49( 4Z?'6! "$ &(8" Z, S 65 6("" Z "(?(5" Z, 56'?'3" Z ' S 65 6(""EV M(4$" B. i= #'B 6'5 (6$( @Z?'6! (( 6'=(" 9, =( B, C' =$ , #'6'= ' 4Z?6 , 6E=$M$Z[(B 5 =(84(" ( =$5' ( <...> (5. 61).
N 60. a ' 4 (=$ ="EB '?(3 5 ' 36$3A$ ! W(5 ! = ?4(B, 6 4ZS$9 «S$(6E(», 'N '8 3'49 @(6 "$ 5'5 $6 4$ 13 = ?4(B ( = 8(="' 10 3'44$='6 6 ' 6=(89). i6'( 8 MS " 6&94 36( ? E4 W$8 $"5 '#', "(8"'#' 6'3 ' =$B"(B 8(=( '3" ? E4 ?(4'#' 6 "$ (5. 62).
N 61.
,
,
$"
<
-
a ' 'W ? $ D'45 '#'. C 39 ' 6'&=$5 i'44 , N ' ?E4' ' =$B"(B 8(=( = 3A$ ! S( E=( #'3$ "$&$3 (5. 63).
298
N 62. 3
.
> 1870 #. 6 \'5 6( ' =E4'5! (=6'( 6E5W(( M("5 '( S(?"'( &$6(3(" (: @ ?9"5 ( =5E. >''?[( N ' ?E4' 6=(89 N8$"5 $A = 55 V M("[ ". \'4'3E( M("[ "E 5 =(8 4 5! 56'?'3(, ' '='B =$"!W( "( &"$4 , 5=(3 ='S(#' '8 , S '?E 5$8 8 6E? =$ ! 5(?( 8 M$ ((#' 6E? =$4 ='3 (4 ) (5. 64).
N 63.
,
%3 " & ?$4!"EV $"A(6 '#' 6=(8(" («#'5 '3$ "$S "$Z 5 4(6'B "'# , 3$8E - 5 =$6'B, 5 '4!&9 , "'# 68(5 (, '6'=' = #'8» .3.). CE" D'45 '#', C(=#(B @!6'6 S, 6 56' V &$ 5 $V '? «;""( <$=(" "'B» #'6'= : «i$8E '5'?(""' 3'='M 4 8$& = 'B: "$ "(( $6$4(=E = #4$W$4 (V 3$8, ' '=E( 8 ?'4!W( "=$6 4 5!» («@ (=$ ="'( "$54(35 6'», . 37 - 38, 5. 572) (5. 64).
N 64.
<
,
<$4 #$ =$5 '4'M("$ Z# ' (k(" =$4!"$9 X'55 9) (5. 68).
, \'5 6E
' "$ =$64(" Z
D 4(
N 65. <4$55 S(5 '( '?=$&'6$" ( 6 = 55 V W '4$V 6 4ZS$4' & S(" ( 4$ E" #=(S(5 '#' 9&E $, '#3$ $ =($4!"'( '3=$& 8(6$4' &$8(" V 5'6=(8(""E8 9&E $8 , $ '= 3(4$459 "$ "$ S"'( =$ S(5 '( & S(" ( 3= # V 3 5A 4 " (5. 70).
N 66. X$&#'6'= ( }(=?$A V) ' 5 '4'6(=S(" 6 (=6'B S$5, #4$6$ 14, 6 ' '='8 @(6 " = ( «5 = &8», >='"5 B =(34$#$( 5 E $ ! 5 '4E, $ < [( $'B-" ? 3! 5 '4, - 65( N ' '4 S 5 =$""'( ='3'4M(" ( 6 S( 6(= 'B S$5 , 6 #4$6( 13, '#3$ @(6 " <
299
? 3 5$ ! 8(4'8 "$ 4'8?(="'8 5 '4(, =$&#'6$= 6$9 5 '8'[!Z 4Z?'6"'#' W b=$. >E&E6$" ( 3 V'6, 5 '4'6(=S(" (, 8 &E $4!"E( "5 = 8(" E, (=(4( $Z[ ( 5 8(5 $ "$ 8(5 ', ='S ( 5 =$""E( $?(==$A 8$ (= 3 V$ 5 V'='W' ' 4$S 6$(8E8 8(3 8$8 , 6([$Z[ 8 6 # "' S(5 '8 =$"5( ' 8(" 8(=W V, ?E4 6 ' 6=(89 8'3"'B = V' !Z (5. 71). e' 9 $"A Z[$9 8(?(4! = 6 3(" 9 5 $=E $ 8 =, V 6'&='M3(" ( =' &'W4' 6 3(=(6("! ( e$B356 44, S ' 6'&4( X'S(5 (=$, W $ 7!Z-z'= , #3( 6 1848 #. 5(5 (= O' 5 54EW$4 5 '5 (B 4 "EV $"$ '8 S(5 V $5 $"!( . 7(58' =9 "$ =$&'?4$S(" 9, 5 = &8 'V6$ 4 6(5! 8 =, 1870 #. 659 g6=' $ 6=$[$4$ 5 '4E. <'8 ( , &?=$""EB @'"3'"5 8 '?[(5 6'8 ' & S(" Z «5 = S(5 V 964(" B», "(3$6"' 5''?[$4, S ' "$ '3"'8 5($"5( 8(3 8 •8 ?E4 '3"9 "$ 27,5 5$" 8( =$. > 3= #'B S$5 " # 8E 65 =( 8 8 5 (=$ •8$ 6 3= #'8 '?4 S!( 6 3 8, $ 5 = &8, 6 W =(34'M(""EB >='"5 8 6 (=6'B S$5 , 5 =$""E8 =$# S(5 8 '?=$&'8 '64 9( "$ =(W(" ( <$=(" "$ 5 3!? (#' M("E (5. 71).
N 67. C6( 5 $9 #=$ 8'4'3EV 4Z3(B 6 X'55 , $ 6'&8'M"', 6 3= # V 5 =$"$V: #=' 65 $Z 6 = #, 65( 3(=M$ 6(=(6 , ' ' '='B 5 $Z '4(S ' ' '3"'#' #=' $ 3= #'8 , $ ' , ' 6'3 , 5 '9 6 A(" =(, E $( 59 ' #$3$ !, 6 S! = '"' ' $4' (5. 72).
N 68.
,
\$"(=$ '?=$[(" 9 "9# " }(=?$A 'B 8 M - 5 $='8'3"EB «8'5 '6 &8». ^$8( ! ( $ M(, S ' "9&! "$&E6$( 56' V 3'S(=(B «<$ ("! $» «i$W("! $» "$ 5 $=EB = 55 B 4$3, "( = ?(#$9 $"#4 & ='6$""E8 "'6'8'3"E8 5' =$[(" 98 «< » «i'44 » (5. 74).
N 69. 2 a 8 5 [(5 6 (4!"E8 8"'M(5 6(""'#' S 54$ #= ?'6$EB "9&! "$&E6$( 8'4'3EV 6(= ' =$V'6, "(3$4( V b$ '6$ EV. %"' "( 'S("! '3V'3 >='"5 '8 , ' '='-
300
#', '-6 3 8'8 , 8(( 6 6 3 ' (A < ; >='"5 B, 6'&8'M"', [(54$6(" b= 6'4(", "' ='8( '#' '" S(5'4Z? 6, 8(" "$5 'BS 6. j $ (4! 54EW 4Z?'E "'( NV' N '#' = S 34 6'#' 54'6$ 6 b$8 4 $= 8$V(=$ («DZ ! "- $b(=»): ='(&M$9 (=(3 58(= !Z ' 4 A$8 \'5 6E, ;""$ 5 '4!& =$55(9""E8 6ǭ'8 ' 6E6(5 ( 5 N 8 8("(8, (( '=$M$( "(4( '( "(5'' 6( 5 6 ( = 55 'B '8 S(5 'B b$8 4 S' '="'8 b=$"A &5 '8 5 [(5 6 (4!"'8 « $b(=», 6 54(3 Z[(( 8#"'6(" ( '"$ M( 3 8$( ' '8, S ' 8'M( =$&64(S! >='"5 '#' N 'B W 'B (5. 73).
N 70.
<
R$M(5 B g#' 28 (=$ '=5 '#' >(4 S(5 6$ '= 5, 6'(""$9 W '4$ 349 ' =E5 '6 ?4$#'='3"EV = 55 V b$8 4 B, '5"'6$" 6 1802 #., =('?=$&'6$" 6 1865 #. (5. 75).
N 71. CHTEAU DES FLEURS, CANCAN f6(5(4 (4!"'( &$6(3(" ( 5 6'3(6 4!"E8 =(35 $64(" (8 "$ 5A("(. «^"$8(" EB $" $"... 65(#' 4 W! $3= 4!, ' '= Z $"A Z '4"E( 4Z3 ». (;44(" i'36'= . «D$"AE V 569&! 5 '?=$&'6$" (8 '?[(5 6(""'B M &"!Z», @'"3'", 1885) (5. 76).
N 72.
,
>' &$4 7 '4$(65 'B, 4 R( (=? =#5 'B M(4(&"'B 3'='# 6 5(6(="'B S$5 \'5 6E. a $ 3'='#$ ?E4$ '5 ='("$ 6 1843 - 1857 ##. C '=EB '(&3 ='V'3 4 =$55 '9" ( ' R( (=? =#$ 3' \'5 6E (' '4' 400 8 4!) &$ 36$3A$ ! S$5'6 6 1862 #. &$ = "$3A$ ! - 6 1892-'8 #. >E(V$6 & R( (=? =#$ ' '4' 8 S$5'6 6(S(=$, ;""$ = ?E4$ 6 \'5 6 "$ 54(3 Z[ B 3("! S ! '&M( 11 S$5'6 (5. 76).
N 73.
!
"
,
j(4'6( " M( &6$" (8 - 54 #$, 54 M$[ B, '=#'6(A '?=$[$459 4'6$""E8 '5'?$8 ( "9&!98 4 #=$b$8): «>$W( 5 9 (4!5 6'!» <"9&! %?4'"5 B (5$8 -
301
«5 9 (4!5 6'») '?=$[$( 59 >='"5 '8 #= 6'' ='6 (4!5 6(""E8 '"'8, $ ?E &'?=$M$9 'M 4'#' 54 # , "$5 $649Z[(#' Z"'#' W$4' $9 4 , S ' ?'4(( 6(='9 "', 5 ( (""'#' ' A$ 5(8(B5 6$, ?(5(3 Z[(#' 5' 6&?$48'W"E8 V'4'5 9 '8 (5. 76).
N 74. HONNI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE i(6 & %=3("$ R'369& : «C E3"' '8 , ' 4'V' '3 8$( !» a 54'6$ =' &"(5 a3 $=3 III 6 1348 #., '=99 '3"'#' =EA$=9, &$58(96W(#'59, '#3$ '3"'B 3$8E $4$ '369& $ (5. 76).
N 75. a 8 $4!9"5 8 54'6'8 («?'M(5 6(""$9») "$&E6$4 &"$8(" EV (6 A ("$ = 8(=, la diva Patti). > 1870-( ##. 6' O=$"A 3= # V 5 =$"$V $ "$&E6$4 b= 6'4!"EV $ = 5 6$=!( (, "' &3(5!, 9 3 8$Z, 8(( 59 6 6 3 6$M$(8$9 (6 A$ 4 $ = 5$. a $ «3 6$», ' =$M(""$9 =$&8"'M(""$9, = " 8$( S$5 ( 6 5"( %?4'"5 '#', 6 '8 5$8'8 5"(, ' ' '='#' '" ='5E $( 59 6 8 S$5'6 =$, 11 b(6=$49, 6 9 " A . ^3(5! M( %?4'"5 B =$&#'6$= 6$( ' "(B («"'6'B (6 A(») "$ 5 $"A 5 #=$b "(B >='"5 'B 6 5 ??' "(( =' 12 b(6=$49. 2 "$ '"(A, 6 9 S. 30 8. 6 M( 5 ??' '" #'6'= 56'(B 5(8!(, S ' >='"5 B '4! ' S ' &$(&M$4, S '?E 5 =$6 !59 '? '?(3(, ' '=EB '" 3'4M"E 3$ ! "$ 54(3 Z[ B 3("! 6 S(5 ! &$#=$" S"'B &"$8(" '5 . <$M( 59, D'45 'B " $ "( 8'M( =(W !, 3'4M(" 4 N ' = (8 ?E ! 'b A $4!"E8 4 3= M(5 8 (5. 77). 7('?V'3 8' ' 8( !, S ' 6 '"A( 9 'B S$5 '964(" ( &"$8(" 'B (6 AE (3 6E R$ , "$ 5(B =$& '"$ "$&6$"$ ' 8(" ) =' 5V'3 6 =(W$Z[ B 349 ;""E >='"5 '#' 8 #. N 76. C 6'&! 8'='&"EB $= 6 3"(4 5! =$?'S ( 6 '4 W ? $V, 6 89# V 6$4("EV 5$ '#$V, (=(V'3 6W ( S(=(& =(4!5E &$# ?$Z[ V59 (B ^3(5! "$S "$( 59 A( 'S $ 5 5"EV '45 '65 V = (8'6, '3#' $64 6$Z[ V 5 =$W"EB N &'3 '3"'6=(-
302
8(""' ='? M3$Z[ V ( 6 (S$ 4(" 9, & ' '=EV 6 '54(35 6 6'&" "( "'S"'B 'W8$= ;""E >='"5 '#'. C 6'&! 8'='&"EB $= 58 "' 6 3"(Z 59 &$ $""E( b # =E, M(4(&"'3'='M"E( =$?'S (, $ S ! '&M( - &$ $""EB, ' =E EB "((8 8$W " 5 . C8(= ! M(4(&"'3'='M"'#' 5 '='M$, ' '= Z '3#' $64 6$( D'45 'B, ='5V'3 "$ 82-B 5 =$" A(: «C '='M, ?E4 4 '" !9" 4 54 W '8 &$ $" ' 5 4!"'#' 8'='&$, "( 54EV$4 ' '36 #$(8'#' &$3'8 '(&3$, (#' =$&3$6 4'». >='"5 B 6 3 '?(&'?=$M(""'( (4' &$8(S$( 8 M $ 5 8(W '8 S(=(& 4(S', 6EV'39[(#' & '(&3$ (;""$, 6'&8'M"', 'M( 6 3 (#'). a ' &= (4!"'( 6 (S$ 4(" ( ([( 5 4 59. D(8$ «M(4(&$» ( ' ' '='8 ?!Z = W$ 6 "'S"'8 'W8$=() $ M( =(35 $( &3(5! 6 '?=$&( 5' =95$(8'B 4$ b'=8E, '3=$# 6$Z[(B ' S 3'6 ["'#' 6(5$ (5. 78).
N 77.
,
7$ &"$8(" 'B b' '#=$b 36 V (=6EV =$"5 '" "("$4!"EV '(&3'6, 65 =(S$Z[ V59 "$ 6(=W "( R='8'" '= , W $ • $, 6 3"', S ' $='6'&$, 3 [(#' ' M(4(&"'B 3'='#(, =' 9" 6W(B59 "$ &$ $3 ' C$"-O=$"A 5 ', = ?$ 8(( '" 5''?=$&" Z b'=8 , '#3$ $ $='6'&$, 3 [(#' ' 3'='#( •" '" R$5 b ( =' 9" 'B &$ $3 ' %8$V ), &9["$9 3E8'6$9 = ?$ 6("S$"$ 5=' 4'6 (4(8. %?$ $ = ? 5 '4!&'6$4 5! 6 = 55 V $='6'&$V. C'#4$5"' " #( <'44 "!'"$ «Chemins de Fer Russes» («X 55 ( M(4(&"E( 3'='# », R$= M, 1868), 7,5-8( ='6'#' $='6'&$ 5 '='#' '(&3$, 3 [(#' & R((=? =#$ 6 \'5 6 , ?E4$ =98$9 = ?$ 6E5' 'B 6 2 8 30 58, ' (5 ! "$ 30 58 ?'4!W( 3 $8( =$ 36 M [ V59 '4(5, S!( 36 M(" ( 5 $ 'B M 6'5 !Z &'?=$& 4 D'45 'B (5. 78).
N 78.
"
+
$
j $ (4Z "('?9&$ (4!"' 58' =( ! "$ ;"" #4$&$8 >='"5 '#', "' 349 (V, ' V'S( 'A(" ! 65( 3( $4 8$5 (=5 6$, "('?V'3 8' 5(?( S( ' =(35 $649 ! 6"(W"'5 ! #(=' " . ;""$ ?E4$ 3'6'4!"' '4"'B M("[ "'B, "' 5 3 6 (4!"' &9["'B b # ='B 5 4ZS (4!"' 4(# 'B 'V'3 'B. @ A' ((, 'S("! 56(M(( M 6'(, ?E4'
303
=( =$5"', S(="E( 6!Z[ (59 6'4'5E - 3'6'4!"' "( '54 W"E, $ 5(=E( #4$&$ ?4(5 (4 $&$4 5! (8"E8 ' # 5 EV =(5" A. g( 6ǭ 8'# 56( !59 S$= Z[ 8 56('8 4 = " 8$ ! 5(=!(&"'( #= 5 "'( 6E=$M(" (. f "(( = 89"E( # ?E ('"$ V "( =$5 ), '4"E( = , &9["E( &$ 95 !9 8$4("! ( 5 . R'M$ ( N"(=# S"', $ 36 M(" 9 ?E5 =E. >5( 6 "(B $&$4'5! N4(#$" "E8 "( '33(4!"E8 (5. 79).
N 79.
!
!
i6$ 56( 5 V S(4'6( $, ?4 & ( &"$ '8E( 4 '3"' $W" , 8'# "$&E6$ ! 3= # 3= #$ ' b$8 4 3$M( 5 $&$" (8 4$: #=$b, "9&!, ?$='", - '5 $6499 8("$ 4 4 S 349 '5'?EV 54 S$(6. <'#3$ >='"5 B '?=$[$( 59 C 6( «%?4'"5 B», '" = ?(#$( "(5=$6"(""' ?'4(( " 8"'B b'=8( '?=$[(" 9, S(8 (54 ?E "$&6$4 (#' ' ' S(5 6 (5. 80).
N 80. VOUS FILEZ LE PARFAIT AMOUR. TANT MIEUX, MON CHER f (?9 65( ([( 9"( 59 (5. 80). N 81. R='?(M$4 A6( $ b =$M (.
3($4!"$9 4Z?'6!. D(8 4 SW(, 8'B 8 4EB
"$S$4!"
5 $"A
6 56'(B "('?E "'6(""'#'
%S(6 3"', S '- ' 54 S 4'5! "('?E "'6(""'( 7$ 5$8'8 3(4( " $ 'B 569& 8(M3 36 89 = 4$#$ (4!"E8 "( , "' '6 '=E V$=$ (="E 349 5 49 D'45 '#' 5 (#' "( = 9 (8 b$4!W 6EV =$5 6'5 (B #' '6"'5 !Z 3' 5 ! 4Z? Z 9M(4'6(5"'5 !, 4 W! ?E '"$ "$ =98 Z 6(4$ 5 . C=$6" ( 'V'M(( 5'S( $" ( 54'6 «"( '=' 4 6EB» « '=' 4 6'», ' '=E( 65 =(S$Z 59 S(=(& 9 !3(59 5 =$" A. O =$M $ "$S$4!" $ 5 $"A ?E4$ 9= '=$5"'#' A6( $ (5. 82).
N 82.
3
\E 8'M(8 =(3 '4'M 8EB ?$4 (5. 89).
$.
!, S '
8(""' Y'?= [(6E 3$6$4
' 5$-
304
N 83.
$
>" 8$ (4!"' & S 6 5 $ !Z «R$= M5 ( 8'3E "$ b(6=$4!» 6 #$&( ( «@'"3'" 44Z5 =(B (3 "!Z&» 1872 #., 8E 6 3 8, S ' toilettes de promenade (36$ $5$4 5! &(84 , $ 6(S(="(( 4$ !( ' $"S 6$4'5! 34 ""E8 6$3=$ "E8 W4(Bb'8. %5'?(""' 8'3"E8 5S $459 ?$=V$ , 3$8E "$3(6$4 4$ !9 & « '='4(65 '#'» S(="'#' ?$=V$ $ '6(=V Z? & b$9, ' '='S(""'B = M(6'8 W$" 4! , $ 6'4'5E =$W$4 ? ( '8 A6( '6 (5. 95).
N 84. C(=#(B D'45 'B 6 56' V &$ 5 $V (58. N 63) ' 5E6$( '=93' $"A(6 "$ ?$4 , "$ '8 "$Z[(8 ' 5$""EB 6 ='8$"(: «..."$S "$459 ?$4 5 4(# '#' 6$4!5$. ^$ (8 54(3'6$4 S( E=( $3= 4 , ' '8 8$& = $ 5 b # =$8 ... R'54(3" 8 $"A(8 ?E4 ' 4!'" - $3= 4! 5 =$&"E8 b # =$8 , "$ = 8(= grand-rond (?'4!W'B V'='6'3), chane (A( !) 5 66'3"E8 $"A$8 - 6$4!5'8, 8$& = 'B, #$4' '8, #='55b$ (='8 3=.». i'36'= 6 56'(B " #( («D$"AE...», 1885) (=(S 549( "( 8("(( 36 V5' 9 3(59 b # = 6 « ' 4!'"(, 4 "(8(A '8 $"A(». Y'4!W'B = ' 5$" '3 "'8(='8 63: «<$6$4(=E 6E? =$Z $6$4(='6, 3$8E 6E? =$Z 3$8, '?=$& ( 59 ?'4!W'B = #, $6$4(=E ?(= 3= # 3= #$ &$ = 6 '3"'B S$5 = #$, 3$8E - 6 3= #'B, b # =$ "$S "$( 59 '6'=' '8 "$4(6', &$ (8 6(3 [ B, ' '=EB =$6'B = 'B 3(=M 3$8 , 3( 6 (=(3, '5 $6499 '5$4!"EV $"A Z[ V '&$3 , ='V'3 S(=(& A(" = = #$... &$ (8 '" '6'=$S 6$( "$4(6' 68(5 ( 5 '5 $4!"E8 $6$4(=$8 , $ (#' $= "(= '6'=$S 6$( "$ =$6' 68(5 ( 5' 65(8 3$8$8 , ='3'4M$Z[ 8 36 #$ !59 ' 3= #'B 5 '='"( '8"$ E, '?=$& 9 36$ 5 88( = S"EV =93$. <'#3$ 36'( '54(3" V 6EV'39 & = #$, '?( 4 " 36 M 59 6 (=(3 $M3EB $6$4(= $"A ( 5 3$8'B "$=' 6». X$&"''?=$&"E( «A( 'S » - 36'B"E(, 5 4'W"E( ='S ( - =(3'5 $649Z 59 6''?=$M(" Z S $ (49 (5. 96). N 85. ' ? 3 [(8 '?[(5 6(""'8 ($ =(...
305
C'#4$5"' &$8(S$" Z 6 (=(6'3( \'3, "$='3"EB ($ = ( 4 , 'S"((, ($ =, ' '=EB b "$"5 = Z S$5 "E( 4 A$) ?E4 '=#$" &'6$" 6' 6=(89 \'5 '65 'B 6E5 $6 1872 #. - 6 \'5 6( 6 '= ?E4 '4! ' #'5 3$=5 6(""E( ($ =E (5. 96).
N 86.
,
$
%"$ ' $&$4$ @(6 " "(5 '4! ' 3"(B "$&$3. >(5! ?$4 (5 N 'B 3 6 (4!"'B $ &'B: «63= # 8 &E $ '5 $"'6 4$5!») (=(3$( "$5 ='(" ( 5'5 '9" ( < (5. 97). N 87. =(4(5 "$ 6(=3$9 W(9 5 " 'B M(8S #$, =(4(5 "E 6!Z[ (59 6'4'5E =$55 =' 6W(B59 = S(5 , =(4(5 "E #=$A '&"E( 4(# ( 36 M(" 9 8$4("! V "'# = , =(4(5 "' N ' =$5 6'( 4 A' 6 56'(8 'M 64(" ; "' ?E4' S '- ' M$5"'( M(5 ' '( 6 (( =(4(5 R'6 '=(" ( M MM$[(#' &6 $ «M» - &4'6([(( 56'B5 6' (( =$5' E - 5 5"' &$6(=W$( 59 6 =(3 '54(3"(8 $?&$A( N 'B #4$6E: «"( 3(=M 8EB 3='M$[ B ?4(5 #4$& 4E? '?M(# (#'» (5. 100).
N 88.
3
>(3 [ B 6 $"A( 3'4M(" '5 '9""' 54(3 ! &$ 65(8 ?E ! 65( 6=(89 "$S( , S '?E '3#'"9 ! &$ '&3$6W V, '35 $&E6$ ! &$8(W $6W 859, '3 $4 6$ ! "(6" 8$(4!"EV, 5 #"$4 ! ' S [ 859 "$ 8(5 (, 58' =( ! &$ '3#' '6 'B "'6'B b # =(, 54(3 !, S '?E $M3EB $"A Z[ B 5 '94 5 =$6 4!"'B 5 '='"E ' 56'(#' $= "(=$, '3$6$ ! &"$ , (54 $= "(=$8 " M"' ='3(4$ ! '3"' ' M( 36 M(" (. D$ 8 '?=$&'8, '" 6E" M3(" 6E '4"9 ! '?9&$""'5 «"$358' =[ $», $ M( $ 6(3 [(#', "$5 $6" $ = '6'3 (49. >5( N ' 3(4$( <'=5 "5 B, "' &"$S (4!"' $ S"(B 89#S( (5. 99).
N
89.
-
,
R='5 '6$ $9 4Z?'6" A$ 7 '4$9 @(6 "$ "$&E6$( (#' ' 8(" ' S(5 6 , =' &"'59 (#' 5' =$[(""', $
306
6$M$Z[$9 8 M$ M("$ & 8([$"5 'B 5(8! (5. 102). <'#3$ i'44 , #'6'=9 ' 56'(8 8 M(, "$&E6$( (#' ' 8(" ' S(5 6 , '"$ 8(( 6 6 3 5'65(8 3= #'( - '"$ 6E? =$( 5$8EB b'=8$4!"EB "(B =$4!"EB 5 '5'? '?=$[(" 9, S '?E '3S(= " !, S ' '" S M (.
N 90.
$,
"
,
C '5 ='B "'5 $4!# S(5 'B "(M"'5 !Z '" 65 '8 "$( '8"$ E 6 ='3'6'8 8(" , #3( 3( !8 '" &$" 8$4 5! 5 "$5 $6" '8 4 # 6(="$" 'B (5. 106).
N 91.
$
> "'S"EV =(5 '=$"$V 495$4 (4 AE#$"(. <=$5 6E( AE#$" '4!&'6$4 5! '#='8"E8 5 (V'8 = 55 V 4.
N 92. f3'?"E( 3(=(6("5 '4'&!9V (5. 107).
$ ( 5$"
6E#493(4
$ , 54'6"' N '
'6(= "$
N 93. > '5'?"9 ( @(6 "$ ' 4 3='69"E( #'44$"35 ( (S , 6 $M3'B '8"$ ( 5 '94$ (S!, 6 3'8( ?E4 36'B"E( ' "$, ='4'M(""E( 6$ 'B 8(M3 =$8$8 (5. 110).
N 94. iM'" D "3$4! (1820 - 1893) - $6 '= " # «D( 4' $, =$558$ = 6$(8$9 $ ='3 36 M(" 9» (1864). a ' ?E4' (=6'( ' 49="'( &4'M(" ( ( 4'6'B 8(V$" S(5 'B ('= , ' '='( 6 "$S$4( 60-V ##. ([( "( ' $4' 6 S(?" (5. 110).
N 95. D= &6'" $ "$ ='55 B5 V M(4(&"EV 3'='#$V 6 70-V ##. ='W4'#' 6( $ =(6=$ 4 5! 6 "$A '"$4!" Z =$3 A Z. R(=6EB &6'"' , ' '=EB 3$6$4 &$ S( 6(= ! S$5$ 3' ' V'3$ '(&3$, ='5 ' "$ '8 "$4 $55$M =$8 ' '(&3 (;
307
6 '='B &6'"' , S(=(& 3(59 ! 8 " , =(3 =(M3$4 ' 5 '='8 ' =$64(" '(&3$; 5=$& M( '54( =( !(#' &6'" $ $='6'& 3$6$4 56 5 ' 4E6$4 63$4! (5. 114).
N 96. := ?' #'6'=9, 6 '54(3"(B =( ='W4'#' 6( $ 6 8 =( #'5 '35 6'6$4' 36$ =(35 $64(" 9 '? 3'?5 6$V "'S"EV (W(5 6 B: $8(= $"5 $9 5 5 (8$ R 4!8$"$ 5 (, (=(#'='M(""E8 &$"$6(5 $8 , 6 ' '=EV "'# $55$M ='6 56 5$4 $ ' $4', 5 5 (8$ \$""$ 6 g6=' (, #3( 8'M"' ?E4' =$&6$4 !59 6 =(54(; "' 6 1872 #. 6$#'" 1-#' 4$55$ ( ' '=EB D'45 'B "$&E6$( N6b(8 &8'8 «5 $4!"EB 6$#'"») 6 "'S"'8 '(&3( \'5 6$ - R( (=? =# ?E4 5 ='(" = 8 6"', 964995! S(8- ' 5=(3" 8 8(M3 4!8$"'65 'B '"5 = A (B 5 5 (8'B «? 3 $=$» '4 '6" $ \$""$. > "(8 ?E4 ?' '6'B '= 3'=, $4(E, 3='69"E( (S , $ $ M( ' =E E( 4$ b'=8E, ' '=E( D'45 'B "$&E6$( « =E4(S $8 », - $8? ='6 ([( "( 5 [(5 6'6$4', 'N '8 5"(# 4( (4 S(=(& =$B" ( 36(= , '#3$ '"3 '=E 5 ' " (=(V'3 4 & 6$#'"$ 6 6$#'". > 5 $4!"EV ' 3(4(" 9V # 494 5 6'&"9 , '" ?E4 '4 ' #'='M("E ' '5 $4!"'#' 6$#'"$, & '45 '65 '#' ' 5$" 9 6 3"', S ' '3"' ( &$" 8$4 W(5 ! $55$M ='6 ($ "( S( 6(=', $ 6 ?'4(( '&3" V 5 $4!"EV 6$#'"$V). l(5 ! 3$8 6 «5 $4!"'8» ' 3(4(" 5 3(4 , ' " 6W 5! 6 =(54$V, ='( "$ =' 6 =' V, 8(M3 ='6' '4'M"E8 =(54$8 8(5 $ ?E4' 3'5 $ 'S"', S '?E 6E 9" ! "'# . > 1892 #. <$=4 Y(3( (= #'6'= , S ' 6 (=6' 4$55"EV 6$#'"$V "$ N 'B 4 " 5 [(5 6'6$4 =(54$, ' '=E( 8'M"' ?E4' =$5 4$3E6$ ! "$ "'S!, "' '" "( &'?=$M$( N '#' =(6=$[(" 9 6 '3='?"'5 9V; $ ?E ' " ?E4', 6 1872 #. '3'? ( '4"'A(""'#' 5"$, = ' '='8 8'M"' 6E 9" ! "'# , "( =(3 '4$#$4' '5 (4(B. j '?E '"9 ! "( ' '=E( 6$M"E( '?5 '9 (4!5 6$ "'S"'#' (W(5 6 9 ;""E, S $ (4! 3'4M(" ' S( 4 6' =(35 $649 ! 5(?( 6' S ': D'45 'B ?(& =$&?'=$ "$&E6$( 4ZW(6E( 5 3("!9 6 6$#'"( ' «3 6$"S $8 », ' « =(54$8 ». %?$ "$&6$" 9 =$6 4!"E - 3 6$" 5 $M3'B 5 '='"E ( 3(4 459 "$ = =(54$. ;""$ 5 3 , '6(=" 6W 5! 4 A'8 5(6(= 6 =$6'8 #4 ' "$, 8'M( 6 3( ! ' "$ 54(6$ "$ =' 6. C4(6$ ' "(( 5 3 (( #'=" S"$9 ;"" W $ ( ' '=$9 (W(5 6 ( 6 '8 M( 6$#'"(,
308
$ "( 6 '=E8 4$55'8, $ 6' 6=(89 '(&3 6 \'5 6 ). C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, ([( 6'5 'S"((, 5$8'#' ='V'3$ 6 4(6'B S$5 6$#'"$, 6'55(3$( '45 $9 5 $= V$, 5 E E6$Z[$9 "( 3'?5 6$ ' 58("E M$=E V'4'3$. R=98' "$=' 6 ;""E 5 $=$9 ?'4!"$9 3$8$ 4$3E6$( 59 5 $ !, 36( 3= # ( &$" 8$Z 8(5 $ "$ =' 6, ;""$ '?8(" 6$( 59 5 " 8 =$ 8 =( 4 $8 (5. 114).
N 97. ) > 1872 #. N ' b'"$= 349 (W(5 6 B = 5 '5'?4(" ( 5' 56(S'B 6" = , =(b4( $44 S(5 'B = S 'B, ' '= Z 8'M"' ?E4' '34' ' " M(4(&"'3'='M"'#' =(54$ (5.
= 8 6"'( '='8 8(= =( ! 114).
N 98. ^3(5! =$&6'=$S 6$( 59 ([( '3"$ A( 'S $ 6 (S$ 4(" B, ' "'59[ V59 &$ $""'8 5 '='M (« $ ? 3 ' =$&3 =$4 '#'- '») 6(3 [ V 5$8' ? B5 6 ;""E (« =$5"EB '#'"! '54( 4 #4$&$, ' '8 65( &$ =E4'5! 5 ("'B»). C'""'B ;""( $M( 59, S ' M$4 B 5 ' " S '' #=E&( 6 5 ("(, N $ $= "$ '?(="( 59 "'S"E8 'W8$='8 5 ' 'W$[ 859 S '- ' 5' = W$Z[ 8 8 M S '8 (5. 116).
N 99. C $"A 9 Y'4'#'( =$5 '4'M("$ "$ '4 ' \'5 6E 6 R( (=? =#. > 1870 #. $8 ?E4$ 20-8 " "$9 '5 $"'6 $ 65 '=( '54( '4 "'S , S '?E $55$M =E 5 (4 6E ! '5 E6W B S$B 6 ? b( ( (58. $ M( N 72) (5. 116).
N 100.
," ,
> 1853 #. '96 4$5! 6(=3$9 W49 $ 5 " & 'B 4!(B, 5 '"5 = ='6$""$9 $"#4 B5 8 W49 " '8 f 4!98'8 Y$ 4(='8. a ' ?E4 (=6EB 6$= $" ' (4 $, 4 3(=? #=$b i(=? "$3(6$4 5(=EB ' (4' 5 S(="'B 4(" 'B, ' =$64995! "$ $"#4 B5 ( 5 $S . <' (4' ?E4 W =' ' =$5 ='5 =$"(" 6 70-( ##. ='W4'#' 6( $. fW <$=(" "$
309
" M"' 5S(5 ! =( ! 8 " '8 6 =93 «3 ="EV 6([(B», 6E&6$6W V ;""E «"( = 9 "'( S 65 6'» (5. 118).
N 101. C '='"" 3 V'6"'#' 54$69" (5(=?'6, ?'4#$= 122).
N 102.
'4 S(5 '#' (3 "5 6$ 65(V .3.) 5 X'55 (B 6' #4$6( (5.
<
(
< )
a ' =' 5V'3 ' '4' 9 S$5'6 6(S(=$. R'S(8 - ' C(=(M 4'M 4 =$"!W(, S(8 '?ES"' (6EW( 5 $&$"', S ' '?ES"' '" 4'M 459 5 $ ! ' '4' 3(59 S$5'6 6(S(=$ - "('?ES$B"' '&3"' 349 =(?(" $ 8 4( ) (5. 124).
N 103. DUC DE LILLE «POSIE DES ENFERS» >(='9 "', D'45 'B $='3 = ( 89 b=$"A &5 '#' 5$(49 > 44!( 3( @ 4! ;3$"$ (1840 - 1889). 7$&6$" ( «R'N& 9 $3$» 6E8EW4(""'( (5. 125).
N 104.
$
7$ =' 9M(" 65(#' ='8$"$ D'45 'B "(5 '4! ' =$& 6'&6=$[$( 59 S 3(5"E8, =$6 4!"E8 & ?$8 >='"5 '#'. <'#3$ '" 4E?$( 59, 5 4'W"E( & ?E '?=$& Z ='6"EB =93 A6( $ 54'"'6'B '5 , "' (=(3 (#' 5S(&"'6(" (8 5' 5 =$" A ='8$"$, 6 6'5!8'B S$5 , (#' 5'&3$ (4!, "$$&E6$9 >='"5 '#', 6(="(( - (#' 6(4 '4( " Z 6"(W"'5 !, "$#=$M3$( (#' 8$5 (=5 ' 5$""'B & ?"'B ?'4!Z (5. 129).
N 105.
$
,
$ > '"A( 22-B #4$6E W(5 'B S$5 i'44 %?4'"5 $9 58' = , $ >='"5 B, ;""$ 36'( #'5 (B #=$Z 6 ("" 5. >=(89 3(B5 6 9 - Z4! 1875 #., ("" 5, 6 ''=EB '" #=$Z 6 &$#'='3"'8 8(" >='"5 '#', - ([(
310
8'4'3$9 #=$. g( 6 1873 #. =(34'M 4 8$B'= f "#b 43 6 ;"#4 . %"$ 8(4$ 8#"'6(""EB 5 (V, M( 6 1875 #. 6 "(( 5 $4 #=$ ! 6 X'55 ;8(= (. > ;"#4 ("" 5 S$5 ' "$&E6$Z 4' "- ("" 5'8 (5"$S$4$ 6 "(#' #=$4 "$ =' ( "EV 4'[$3 $V, 6(=3EV 4 ' =E EV 3(="'8), S '?E ' 4 S$ ! ' 5 $= ""'B #=E, 6 ' '= Z #=$Z 6 5 (A $4!"EV ("" 5"EV &$4$V "'#3$ "$&E6$Z «Court Tennis». «Court Tennis» '8 "$( 59 l( 5 =$ C(=6$" (5$. C $= ""E( '='4 #=$4 6 "(#', EV 9 &$3EV$95! 6 # 4 V &$4$V. ; 6' 4' "- ("" 5, '6 '=9Z, - "$W$, 5'6=(8(""$9 #=$. ^$8( ! (, $ [$(4!"' ' 5E6$( (( D'45 'B: #=' , =$&3(4(""E( "$ 36( '8$"3E, 5 '9 ' '?( 5 '='"E #' "$ 9" 'B 5( "$ [$ (4!"' 6E='6"(""'B =' ( "'B 4'[$3 ( 5 '&'4'S(""E8 =$ ( $8 6 = $V (8"( "=$6 59 « '&'4' $» - ' &6 '='4(65 '#' =' 5V'M3(" 9 N 'B #=E ?4$#'='3"'#' (( 6'&='M3(" 9). % 5$"E =$&"E( = (8E #=E. >='"5 B (#' $= "(= C6 9M5 B « #=$4 'S("! V'='W' 5(=!(&"'. %" &'= ' 54(3 4 &$ 4( 9[ 8 " 8 89S'8, "( '=' 95! "( 8(W $9, 4'6 ' '3?(#$4 "(8 , 6EM 3$4 =EM' , 8( ' 6(="' '33$6$9 89S =$ ( 'B, (=( 3E6$4 &$ 5( ». Y'Z5!, S ' 5 '=(( 65(#' N ' ?E4 «56(S ». R$= "(= ;""E ' b$8 4 >(54'65 B, ' '='#' @(6 " "(5 '4! ' "(3(4! "$&$3 6EW6E=" 4 & 56'(#' 3'8$, #=$4 V M(, S(8 '5 $4!"E(. D =(4(5 "$9 3( $4!: 8 MS "E 5 =$&=(W(" 9 3$8 5"94 5Z= #=$4 6 = ?$W $V. i'44 659 #=$ $&$4$5! "("$ =$4!"'B - 6&='54E( 4Z3 ?(#$Z &$ 89S'8, $ 3( . >='"5 B - ?'4!W'B ' 4'"" $"#4 B5 V 8$"(= = S 3. f64(S(" ( ("" 5'8 ([( =$& 3' $&E6$( N '. \(M3 ='S 8, N $ #=$ ?E4$ &"$S (4!"' ?'4(( 5 ' 'B"'B 6 70-( ##., S(8 5(#'3"9. \ MS "E '3$6$4 =(W (4!"E8 3$='8, 3(=M$ =$ ( 6(= $4!"' "$ ='6"( #4$&, M("5 $9 '3$S$ ?E4$ 54$?(B.
N 106. :(=' ='8$"$ = "$34(M$ = 55 'B =$6'54$6"'B 4 , 'S"((, 6'5 'S"'- =$6'54$6"'B A(= 6 , ' '=$9 ' 3(4 4$5! ' (3 "'B V= 5 $"5 'B A(= 6 E59S 4( "$&$3. <'#3$ 8E 6 (=6E( 65 =(S$(859 5 '3"'B & 6 '='5 ( (""EV #(=' "!, #=$b "(B @ 3 (B, '"$ ='9649( " (=(5 '?c(3 "(" Z A(= 6(B $ M(, $ "$?'M"$9 3$8$, #'5-
311
'M$ l $4!, &'?=$M$Z[$9 V= 5 $"5 '( ?4$#'S(5 (, ' 64 9" 9 ' '='B < 65 '=( &?$6 59 6 C'3("(. 7' $ 9 5 $&$4, '5"'6"'( 6(=' S(" ( 6 " #( - =$6'54$6 (. i'44 < }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
«
» (1884 - 1886)
> $M3'8 S(4'6( ( 6 'B 4 "'B 5 ( (" =' 6'3(B5 6 Z 36( 5 4E: ' =(?"'5 ! 6 (3 "(" M$M3$ '?[(" 9 5 4Z3!8 , - ' '=E( = "9 ' "$&E6$ ! « " ='6(=5 (B», ' (5 ! " (=(5'8, "$ =$64(""E8 6 5(?9, 6" =(""(B M &" 3 V$ 6''?=$M(" 9, «N 5 =$6(=5 (B» - " (=(5'8, "$ =$64(""E8 "$ 6"(W" B 8 = 4Z3(B '59&$(8EV A(""'5 (B. >'&!8(8 ='5 'B = 8(=. f" 6(=5 ( 5 B S("EB - 9 8(Z 6 6 3 ='b(55'='6, 5 3(" '6 - 8'M( 5'S( $ ! 6 5(?( '?$ $S(5 6$. %" 8'M( ?E ! " M"E8 S(=6(8 3 W'B '?[(5 6$, = N '8 " M"EB S(=6! ? 3( 6(5 ?'=!? 5 '?[ (4!"E8 S(4'6( '8. C 3(" , '4 S 6W B 4 M(4$Z[ B '4 S ! '6EW("" Z 5 ("3 Z, 8'M( 5'&"$ (4!"' 4 ?(55'&"$ (4!"' 5 =(8 !59 $ "$&E6$(8'8 4 3(=5 6 . @Z3 =$&"EV (8 (=$8(" '6 5 4'"9Z 59 =$&"E8 =(W(" 98, '3" V 6" =("" B 8 = '5 '9""' '3(=M 6$( 6(=V "$3 6"(W" 8, 3= # V - "$'?'=' . 7' 349 "$5 6$M(" 5$8 b$ ?'=!?E 8(M3 36 89 «9» 6 '3"'8 S(4'6( (, ?'=!?E 8(M3 " ='6(= '8 N 5 =$6(= '8. d &"$4 5 3(" '6, '? =(6$(8EV M$M3'B &"$" B, 5$8' #4 ?4(""EV, 5 =$5 -
312
"' 64(S(""EV 4Z? 8E8 =(38( '8, ' '=E( &$ E $4 W , 5 $5$95! ' W 8$, 3'4( $6W(#' M 9, "' 6 "E( 8 " E V '3'4(6$4' 5 $3"'( M(4$" ( = 5'(3 " !59 '?[(8 6(5(4!Z, 6(S(= " 4 65 =(S 5 3= &!98 ' 4'M ! 3 '8 $" .
"(=(3 ' & '?[(S 65 6', 'B "$ " # =$-
% 5Z3$ M( = 'B '3$ ! 3' ='?4(8, &$" 8$6W V D'45 '#', 6 '8 V 3'M" ?'='459 5 =' '6(3" '8, 6(4 B " ='6(= - 5 5 4!"E8 N 5 =$6(= '8. D'45 'B, '"(S"', '5'&"$6$4, S ' 6 "(8, $ 6' 8"'# V 3= # V 5$ (49V, =' 5V'3 ?'=!?$ 8(M3 M(4$" (8 6'=S(5 '#' (3 "(" 9 5 =(84(" (8 54 !59 5' 65(8 S(4'6(S(5 6'8, ?'=!?$ 8(M3 " #'B '?[(5 6'8. R' '45 '65 '8 ' =(3(4(" Z, ' '='8 '" = W(4, M( &$ '"S 6 «;"" <$=(" " », 6'=S(5 '( (3 "(" ( =$6"'A(""' N#' &8 , 5$8' '(" Z, ' (5 ! #=(V . 2 "$'?'=' , 3(9 =$5 6'=(" 9 6' 65(S(4'6(S(5 '8 349 D'45 '#' '&"$S$4$ Y'#$ - Y'#$-6-4Z39V Y'#$-65('?[ Z-4Z?'6!. D'45 'B = &E6$4 5$8'' =(S(" Z 6' 89 65(8 ="'B ?'M(5 6(""'B 4Z?6 . 2"E8 54'6$8 , ' 8E54 D'45 '#', 6 4 S"'B ?'=!?( 8(M3 ?(&?'M"E8 V 3'M" '8 ?'#' '3'?"E8 S(4'6( '8 '?(3 ! 3'4M(" '54(3" B, (54 '" V'S( ?E ! 5S$5 4 6E8. 7 M"' ' S( 4 6' =(35 $649 ! 5(?( N 3 V'6"E( =($4!"'5 , S '?E '"9 ! b 4'5'b5 B 58E54 =$55 $&$ «C8(= ! 26$"$ 24! S$». 26$", '"(S"' M(, - = 55 B 6$= $" 3=(6"((6=(B5 '#' 8(" 2'$"", S ' 6 (=(6'3( '&"$S$( : «Y'# ?4$#, Y'# 8 4'5 6». 24! S - 5E" 24! ; N ' = 55 B 6$= $" 8(" «24 9», ' '='( (=(6'3 59 5 3=(6"((6=(B5 '#' $ «2(#'6$ (5 ! Y'#». <...> >'- (=6EV, 9 5S $Z, S ' N ' 5 '= 9 M &" , $ "( 58(=26$"$ 24! S$. O & S(5 $9 58(= !, ' 5$""$9 6 =$55 $&(, =(35 $649( 5'?'B S$5 ! 58(= "'B M &" , 65(#' 4 W! (( '54(3" B 8 #. C'#4$5"' b 4'5'b D'45 '#', 58(= "EB S(4'6( , 4 S"'5 !, "3 6 3, S(4'6( 6' 4' b & S(5 V'3 6 8 5'=" Z '=& " R= ='3E, 3 V M( S(4'6(S(5 B 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 ?(&'?4$S"E( 6E5 65('?[(B Y'M(5 6(""'B @Z?6 , 6 '? (4! " =6$"E - '"9 9, 5 '4! 3=$#'A(""'#' 349 6'5 'S"'B 8 5 . D'45 '65 B 3'#8$ #4$5 : 26$" 24! S ='M 4 3 =" Z M &"!, $ =$& 3 ="$9 M &"! (5 ! "( S ' "'(, $ 58(= ! 3 W , ',
313
54(3'6$ (4!"', '" M 4 6 58(= . ; $ $ '54( 58(= 3'4M(" 6'55 9 ! Y'M(5 6(""EB 56( M &" , ' '" 8(= 349 "'6'B M &" , h &" 5 ?'4!W'B ? 6E. >'-6 '=EV, "$3' '8" !, S ' =$55 $& "$ 5$" 6 8$= ( 1886 #., '#3$ D'45 '8 ?E4' ' '4' 60'" 6(=3' 6(='6$4 6 '45 '65 '( '4'M(" (, 6(=M3$6W((, ? 3' 5'S "9 ! W(3(6=E 4 (=$ =E - #=(V'6"'. %" 6(=3' =(W 4, S ' (54 '#3$-" ? 3! 6'&!8( 59 &$ (=' '54( 6(4 V #=(V'6 56' V &=(4EV 4( , «>'B"E 8 =$» «;""E <$=(" "'B», ' ? 3( 5$ ! 4 W! ='5 '3 W"E( =$55 $&E 349 "$='3$, ?4$#'S(5 6E( ' S (4!"E( 5'= 349 3( (B, "$& 3$ (4!"E( 5 $& '8 '3'?"'(. > «C8(= 26$"$ 24! S$» ' 3(4' ' $3$Z 59 "( 6 '4"( S 5 '5(=3(S"E( ' E $ '#' ='3$, '='3 6W ( '?=$&AE 5(63'"$='3"'#' 5 49, "' 6 A(4'8 '?(M3$( V 3'M" . a ' =$55 $& - 5$8'( 9= '(, 5$8'( 5'6(=W(""'( 5$8'( 54'M"'( =' &6(3(" ( D'45 '#'. <...> C 4! D'45 '#' - "$ =(3 '5 ! #='8'&3 '( 9M(4'6(5"'( '= 3 B"'( 5=(35 6'. >'&8'M"', 3$M( "$6(="9 $, 6$8 ' $3$4 5! S 3'6 ["E( S(?" , "$ 5$""E( "( (3$#'#$8 , $ 3(8$#'#$8 - 4Z3!8 , ' '=E( =$$#'4!5 6 Z ' " #(, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E =$5 =E ! (( 3 W . >(='9 "', '" M( 6 '4 '6$4 6$8, S ' #4$6"$9 A(4! 6(4 '#' 5$ (49 , '"(S"' M(, #4$6"EB 4ZS (#' #(" Z - ='5 ' $. R=(3$ (4 , $ "( =( '3$6$ (4 . j $9 N &$8("$A '""E( 5'S "(" 9 5? EV 5 '4 5 3(" '6 '?'(#' '4$ ' '8 4 "'8 $6 '=(, 9 S$5 ' "$ E $459 "$ '3'?"E( b=$&E - 6'&8'M"', &$ $6W ( 8 6 $89 ! 6 5$8'8 "(M"'8 6'&=$5 (: «g#' 5 4! =(4(5 (" ='5 », 4 : «f "(#' ='5 'B &E5 $""EB 54'#», 4 «C 4! (#' ='5 5'6(=W(""' 'S$='6$ (4("». ^$ '8" (: « ='5 ' $» - N ' 6&3'=, S W!. >59 B 6(4 B V 3'M" 54'M(". R='5 «CN (=3(B 6" "# '5 ». R='5 M ="$4 5 5 B W $8 . R='5 «a '" @!Z 5». R='5 E [(6$=(" ( #'6'=(" (, '5'?(""' 5 6(="'54'6 (. 7' D'45 'B \(46 44 5'65(8 "( ='5 E.
314
f '45 '65 '#' 5 49 (5 ! '3"' 56'('?=$&"'( 56'B5 6', ' '='( 8'M"' "$&6$ ! « ' 5 '8 5 "E "$ '[ !». h(4$9 6'5 =' &6(5 8E54! 4 S 65 6', '" ? 3( 'S(=S 6$ ! '" =E N 'B 8E54 , S 65 6$ 4 =(38( $ 3' (V '=, ' $ '4"'5 !Z "( 3'64( 6'= 59 56' 8 6'55'&3$" (8, 56' 8 &4'M(" (8. a ' = (8 6 4ZS$( 6 5(?9 $ "$&E6$(8E( V 3'M(5 6(""E( '6 '=E, 4 4' " Z A( 'S '6 '=9Z[ V59 6(=M3(" B, 54(3 Z[ V '3"' &$ 3= # 8, - $M3'( '54(3 Z[(( 6E=$& (4!"(B, S(8 =(3E3 [((, 65( ?4 M( &"$S(" Z, ''='( 6 4$3E6$( 6 "(#' D'45 'B. %" ='36 #$( 59 "$ '[ !, =$&=E6$( 6"(W"ZZ '?'4'S 54'6$ =$3 (#' 6" =(""(#' 58E54$, 'S [$( 58E54'6'( &(="' =(34'M(" 9, 4( b=$& , '6'=$S 6$9 (( $ 59 , "$[ E6$( "$ 4 SW Z b'=8 349 6E=$M(" 9 56'(B 8E54 , 69&$( 6 =95 "( =(34'M(" B, #=$( 54'6$8 , =$5'4 '6E6$( =$5 '45 '6E6$( V. i= #$9 '5'?(""'5 ! (#' 5 49 - 9= '5 !, 56(M(5 ! 3( $4 , 5'S"E(, M 6' 5"E( 8$& 349 (=(3$S (5 (5 6$ M &" . D$ 6 80-( ##. 6 X'55 "( 5$4 " '. a ' =$55 $& =(36([$( = 55 B 8'3(=" &8, =$5A6( W B (=(3 5 S"'B ?$"$4!"'B 5'6( 5 'B N='B. g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g#' 5'54 M 6AE #$3$Z ' '8, $ (#' 58(= ! '64 9( "$ V (=(8([(" 9 ' 54 M?(. «D$ S ', 54EV$6 ' 58(= 26$"$ 24! S$, (=6$9 8E54! $M3'#' & #'5 '3, 5'?=$6W V59 6 $? "( (, ?E4$ ' '8, $ '( &"$S(" (
315
8'M( 8( ! N $ 58(= ! "$ (=(8([(" 9 5$8 V S4("'6 4 V &"$ '8EV.
4
'6EW(" 9
«D( (=!, "$6(="', '4 S 8(5 ' l $?(49 4 > "" '6$, - '3 8$4 O(3'= >$5 4!(6 S. - \"( N ' 3$6"' '?([$"', $ N ' '6EW(" ( 5'5 $649( 349 8("9 6'5(8!5' = ?4(B = ?$6 , ='8( $"A(49= ». «7$3' ? 3( ' ='5 ! ( (=! ' (=(6'3( W = "$ & <$4 # , - '3 8$4 R( = 26$"'6 S. - h("$ ? 3( 'S("! =$3$. D( (=! M "(4!&9 ? 3( #'6'= !, S ' 9 " '#3$ " S(#' "( 53(4$4 349 (( ='3"EV». %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ ', $ '"S$( 59 (=6EB 3 $4'#. a#' &8, 6 '"A(- ' '"A'6, 6 '4"( '?ES"$9, ? 3" S"$9 S(= $, $ D'45 'B - =(M3( 65(#' V 3'M" , $ "( '?4 S (4! '?[(5 6(""EV "=$6'6, 'N '8 '?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, $ =$&#'6'= ' 58(= 26$"$ 24! S$ 58("9( 59 "(6 ""'#= 6'B 6(5(4'5 !Z (#' 5'54 M 6A(6, '#3$ V '=E5 "E( 8E54 ='V'39 . R'54( 5(8 65 (4!"EV 5 =$" A 1-B #4$6E 26$" 24! S 6'5 =(W(", '" 8E54(""' ='M 6$( 65Z 56'Z M &"! &$"'6', $ &$ (8 b & S(5 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 5'5 '9" (, ' 5$""'( 6 1-B #4$6( ( ?' 58(= ! 3 ="$9 M &"! =$6"'A(""E), $ 3 V'6"' - 6 5'5 '9" (, ' '='( $ =( =$5"' '?= 5'6$"' 6 '54(3"(B #4$6( (58(= ! '"S("$, ?' '"S 4'5! (#' b & S(5 '( 5 [(5 6'6$" (). a#' &8, b$4!W!, 4 A(8(= ( =(M3( 65(#' $9 &$6(3(""'5 ! M &" - "$ ?'4(( V$=$ (="E( (( 56'B5 6$. a $ $9 &$6(3(""'5 ! 5 $6 S(4'6( $ "$ ='6("! "('3 W(64(""EV =(38( '6, 'N '8 "('3 W(64(""E( =(38( E 'M( 6 4ZS$Z 59 6 '6(5 6'6$" (, 5 $"'695! 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A$8 =$55 $&$. 7( 5 86'4$8 '#' 4 "'#' #(='9, "( ' 4 S (4!"'B V S(='B, $ :'#'49, "' 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A$8 , 5 [(5 6 Z[ 8 "$=$6"( 5 4Z3!8 . >'&!8(8 5A(" , ' '=$9 =' 5V'3 8(M3 63'6'B 26$"$ 24! S$ R=$5 '6!(B O(3'='6"'B (#' 4 SW 8 3= #'8 R( ='8 26$"'6 S(8. «R( = 26$"'6 S 6&3'V" 4 ([( #4 ?M( (S$4!"((, R=$5 '6!9 O(3'='6"$ ?4$#'3$="' 'M$4$ (8 = . >'B39 6 (( '? Z ='&'6E8 =( '"'8 #'5 " Z 5 $58 ="'B 4$8 'B, '" 5(4 5 '4$: '"$ "$ 3 6$", $ R( = 26$"'6 S "$ =$55 =' 6W B59 = M "$8
316
"( =$6 4!"' '3$6$6W B59 '3 (#' 5 3("!(8 " &("!B b. R=$5 '6!9 O(3'='6"$ V' (4$ =(3 =(3 ! (#', S '?E '" 5(4 "$ 3= #'B 5 4, "' "$W4$ N ' =(3 =(M3(" ( "( 5'' 6( 5 6 Z[ 8 56'(8 '4'M(" Z =$&3 8$4$. C$395! "$ N ' b, R( = 26$"'6 S 65 '8" 4, $ 26$" 24! S 5 =$ 6$4 N #'5 " Z 5'6( '6$459 5 " 8 '? N '8 5$8'8 ='&'6'8 5 &(4("E8 4 5 !98 =( '"(. C$395! "$ 3 6$" ='V'39 8 8' 5 '4$ (6''?[( 659 #'5 "$9 ?E4$ '4"$ 6([ A 8(?(4 ), 63'6$ &$A(4$5! S(="E8 = M(6'8 S(="'B 8$" 4 B &$ =(&!? 5 '4$. R( = 26$"'6 S = '3"9459, S '?E ' A( !, '56'?'M3(""EB '3 " 8 b 5 $4 6'4"'6$ !59 '3 $46$ ! (#'. >3'6$ 5$8$ 5 $4$ ' A( 49 ! 56'( = M(6', R( = 26$"'6 S ' 9 ! 5(4, = 3$6 6 ? " '6$6W B59 '3 " 8 b. 7' 63'6$ "( 65( ' A( 4$, R( = 26$"'6 S ' 9 ! '3"9459, ' 9 ! b &$? " '6$4 3$M( [(4 " 4. <'#3$ 65( N ' '"S 4'5!, '"$ 6E" 4$ S 5 EB ?$ 5 '6EB 4$ ' 5 $4$ 4$ $ !. <...> - < = (, 'M$4 B5 $, - 5 $&$4$ '"$ 6(4 '3 W"E8 68(5 ( ? E8 #'4'5'8 &$"94$5! 5 C' '4'6E8 6' ='5'8 ' A("( 8(5 $. <...> - d 65( 5$8$ 3(4$Z, - 5 $&$4$ '"$ R( = 26$"'6 S , ' '36 #$9 '3"'B 5 '='"( $4!?'8E, 4(M$6W ( "$ 5 '4(; , &$8( 6, S ' ( (4 #='M$4 5 '4 , "( 8(W $9 '36 " 4$ R( = 26$"'6 S ( (4!" A ...» <'#3$ 26$" 24! S ' 6'4( D'45 '#' ' 3E6$( 6ǭ'8 56'Z M &"!, '" 6 3 , S ' 6E5W 8 6&4( '8 (#' 5S$5 !9 6 N 'B M &" ( (=(3 (8, $ "$S$4$5! (#' 58(= (4!"$9 ?'4(&"!) ?E4' "$&"$S(" ( "$ 6E5' Z 3'4M"'5 ! 6'&8'M"'5 ! 5"9 ! 3'='# Z ? =M $&" Z 6$= = 349 5(?9 56'(B 5(8! . C4'6' «? =M $&"EB» 9 ' =(?49Z 6 '?E6$ (4!5 '8 58E54(, $ "( 6 4$55'6'8. d 8(Z 6 6 3 6$= = , ' '=$9 8'#4$ ?E '=$& ! 4'5 '( 6''?=$M(" ( S(4'6( $ 80-V ##. ' "'5 (4!"'B ='5 'W!Z, 65(6'&8'M"E8 '?=9 W $8 , ?(&3(4 W $8 =$W(" 98 . (C(#'3"9W" B '?E6$ (4! 8(S $( ' 5 ( 4( 5 $4 , 6 3(' =$3 ', &$8$5 ='6$""EV '3 " M"E( '4 ='S ( "(8E( =(38( E '? V'3$.)
317
d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
*** % "E"( = ='3$ 5 (( M(5 ' 8 &$ '"'8 b & S(5 '#' =$5 $3$ 6 '=#$( 59 6 (#' M &"! 4'8$( (( = 6ES"EB $6 '8$ &8. :4$6$ 2 "$S "$( 59 5 b=$&E: «R='W(3W$9 5 '= 9 M &" 26$"$ 24! S$ ?E4$ 5$8$9 ='5 $9 <...> 5$8$9 M$5"$9». h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b$4!W 6'B, 6 '="( 56'(B 6 4!#$="'B 6"(W"( &E5 $""'B #'='35 'B M &"!Z M &"!Z = ='3E, ' '= Z 6 =$55 $&( '4 A( 6'=9( ' =9 "EB 5 ' 'B"EB #'4 ?'#4$&EB 8 M & 5$8EV "(&$8( "EV 54 # 6 3'8(, 5 $"#(4!5 8 (= (" (8 6E '4"9Z[ B 5$8 Z S(=" Z =$?' . > 5 5 (8( A(""'5 (B D'45 '#' '" 5 86'4 & = ( = ='3"'( 3'?=' (8 5$8E8 ' $&E6$( 59 ?4 M( 65(#' Y'# . %" '9649( 59 $ 6' 4'[(" ( 5$8'B = ='3E, 5 (( 4(# 'B, 5 =(8 (4!-
318
"'B, "' 5 4!"'B '5 !Z. :(=$5 8 '" 8$( M$4(( 8 =$Z[(#' 26$"$ 24! S$, "' M$4'5 ! (#' 56( 4$ ?(55 =$5 "$. «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». O "$4!"$9 (8$ 8'M( ?E ! 6 =$ A( 5b'=8 4 ='6$"$ 6' ='5'8 26$"$ 24! S$: «j ' (54 659 M &"! ?E4$ "(=$6 4!"$?» > (=6E( 6 M &" '" 5 E E6$( M$4'5 ! 3= # 8. ^$ (8 65( =' 5V'3 $ 6 6'4W(?"'B 5 $& (, #3( S 3'6 [( =(6=$[$( 59 6 = "A$ M(" 59 "$ =$5$6 A(, $ 6(=$ 3$= ( 59 6 "$#=$3 &$ 3 V'6"'( '?"'64(" (. «>3= # $ $9- ' 5 4$ '4 " 4$ (#' 6 #= 3!, 6 ?' , ([( 5 4!"(( 53$6 4' (8 3EV$" (, '" ='6$4 459 6 3E= , $8, 6 '"A( 3E=E, &$56( 4'5! S '- '. <...> «i$, 65( ?E4' "( ', - 5 $&$4 '" 5(?(, - "' N ' " S(#'. \'M"', 8'M"' 53(4$ ! « '». j ' M « '»? - 5 ='5 4 '" 5(?9 63= # &$ V. a ' ?E4' 6 '"A( =( !(#' 3"9, &$ S$5 3' (#' 58(= . > N ' 5$8'( 6=(89 # 8"$& 5 V'"! ' =' =$459 ' A '3'W(4 (#' '5 (4 . <...> > N '
319
5$8'( 6=(89 26$" 24! S ='6$4 459, 6 3$4 56( , (8 ' =E4'5!, S ' M &"! (#' ?E4$ "( ', S ' "$3', "' S ' N ' 8'M"' ([( ' =$6 !. %" 5 ='5 4 5(?9: S ' M( « '», &$ V, = 54 W 6$95!. D '" 'S 65 6'6$4, S ' = (#' A(4 ( '- '. %" ' =E4 #4$&$ 61" 4 "$ 5E"$. g8 5 $4' M$4 ' (#'. h("$ '3'W4$ "(8 . %" 61" 4 "$ "((. %"$ 5 ' =E E8 = '8 5 "(' (= E8 54(&$8 "$ "'5 [( (, 5 ' S$9""E8 6E=$M(" (8 58' =(4$ "$ "(#'. g8 M$4 ' 5 $4' ((. «i$, 9 8 S$Z V, '3 8$4 '". - 28 M$4 ', "' 8 4 SW( ? 3( , '#3$ 9 8= ». %" V' (4 5 $&$ ! N ', "' "( 6 5 4$V ?E4 6E#'6'= !. «> ='S(8, &$S(8 M( #'6'= !, "$3' 53(4$ !», - '3 8$4 '". %" $&$4 M("( 6ǭ'8 "$ 5E"$ 5 $&$4: - f6(3 ... M$4 '... (?9... - %" V' (4 5 $&$ ! ([( « ='5 », "' 5 $&$4 « =' 5 », , "( 6 5 4$V M( ? 3 S ' =$6 !59, 8$V" 4 = 'Z, &"$9, S ' 'B8( ' , '8 "$3'. 2 63= # (8 5 $4' 95"', S ' ', S ' V'3 4', S ' 63= # 65( 6EV'3 5=$& 3(59 5 '='", 5' 65(V 5 '='". h$4 S '?E 8 "( ?'4!"' ?E4'. <...> «<$ 5 '», - '3 8$4 '". <...>
'8 4' (#' "( 6E, 5 36 V 5 '='", 5 ' V, "$3' 53(4$ !, V'='W' $ ='-
%" 5 $4 56'(#' =(M"(#' = 6ES"'#' 5 =$V$ 58(= "( "$V'3 4 (#'. :3( '"$? <$ $9 58(= !? C =$V$ " $ '#' "( ?E4', ' '8 S ' 58(= "( ?E4'. >8(5 ' 58(= ?E4 56( . - D$ 6' S '! - 63= # 654 V ='#'6'= 4 '". - <$ $9 =$3'5 !!
i49 "(#' 65( N ' =' &'W4' 6 '3"' 8#"'6(" (, &"$S(" ( N '#' 8#"'6(" 9 M( "( &8("94'5!. i49 = 5 5 6 Z[ V M( $#'" 9 (#' ='3'4M$4$5! ([( 36$ S$5$. > #= 3 (#' 4' ' $4' S '- '; &8'M3(""'( (4' (#' 6&3=$# 6$4'. R' '8 =(M( =(M( 5 $4' 4' ' $"!( V= ("!(. - <'"S("'! - 5 $&$4
'- ' "$3 " 8.
%" 54EV$4 N 54'6$ '6 '= 4 V 6 56'(B 3 W(. «<'"S("$ 58(= !, - 5 $&$4 '" 5(?(. - g( "( ?'4!W(».
320
%" 6 9" 4 6 5(?9 6'&3 V, '5 $"'6 459 "$ 8(=». " 459
'4'6 "( 6&3'V$,
' 9-
. 1860 - 1904 i(3 ;" '"$ R$64'6 S$ j(V'6$ ?E4 =$?'8 - &$ 3500 = ?4(B 6E 4 '" 5(?9 56'Z 5(8!Z. % (A ?E4 8(4 8 4$6'S" '8. %" =$&'= 459 6 1870-( ##., '54( S(#' 659 5(8!9 (=((V$4$ 6 \'5 6 ; '3 " j(V'6 '5 $459 6 D$#$"='#( ("$ Z#'-6'5 ' ( X'55 ), S '?E &$ '"S ! # 8"$& Z. 7$ M &"! = V'3 4'5! &$=$?$ E6$ ! 5$8'8 . % '"S 6 # 8"$& Z '5("!Z 1879 #., '" 'M( (=(? =$( 59 6 \'5 6 '5 $( 6 " 6(=5 ( . C6' (=6E( =$55 $&E j(V'6 "$S$4 5'S "9 !, S '?E '8'S! 5(8!(, "$S( '"$ ?E "( 6E $4$5! & " & (4!"'B ?(3"'5 . %" & S$4 8(3 A " , ' '"S 6 \'5 '65 B " 6(=5 ( , 5 $4 '8'[" '8 (&3"'#' 4( $=9 6 "(?'4!W'8 ='6 "A $4!"'8 #'='3(. ^3(5! "$S$4 '" 5'? =$ ! 5' ='6 [" A A(""(BW V "$?4Z3(" B, 6=$S 9 =(5 !9", 5 $4 6$95! 5 $=8(B5 8 'b A(=$8 (6 #'='3 ( 5 '94 '4 - 6 «D=(V 5(5 =$V» "$= 5'6$"E '= =( E N V 6'(""EV) ?(5S 54(""E8 =(35 $6 (498 (&3"'B ='55 B5 'B #4 W , ' '=EV '" '&3"(( 6'55'&3$4 6 56' V '=' V =$55 $&$V. a "(?'4!W ( Z8'=(5 (S$ $4 5! 6 =$&"''?=$&"EV 4 5 $V, S$5 ' = "$34(M$6W V =(& ' 6=$M3(?"E8 '4 S(5 8 "$ =$64(" 98. C$8 j(V'6 " '#3$ "( &$" 8$459 '4 S(5 'B 3(9 (4!"'5 !Z, "( ' '8 S ' ?E4 ?(&=$&4 S(" S$5 ='5 '#' "$='3$, - '" "( 5S $4 '4 S(5 Z 3(9 (4!"'5 ! 56' 8 =(3"$&"$S(" (8: '" 'M( 54 M 4 "$='3 , "' "$ 56'B 4$3. :4$6"'B '?[(5 6(""'B 3'?='3( (4!Z 349 "(#'
321
?E4$ 5 =$6(34 6'5 !, 65Z M &"! '" 5 =(8 459 6'&6E5 ! 56'B #'4'5 =' 6 659 'B "(5 =$6(34 6'5 , "' '4! ' $ 5$ (4!. R=(M3( 65(#' '" ?E4 "3 6 3 $4 5 '8 V 3'M" '8. R'N '8 &$64(S! (#' 6 '4 S(5 Z $= Z ?E4' "( $ - ' ='5 ': 56'B =' (5 ='6 "(5 =$6(34 6'5 M(5 ' '5 '" 6E=$M$4 '56'(8 . %?E "'6(""' = , ' '=E( W ' j(V'6(, '6 '=9Z , S ' 8 5'6(=W(""' "( '"9 "', 'S(8 '" 6 1890 #. =(3 = "94 ' $5" Z '8 (4!" Z '(&3 "$ C$V$4 ", #3( & S$4 M &"! $ '=M$". i6$ (=6EV 5?'=" $ =$55 $&'6 - «R(5 =E( =$55 $&E» «> 5 8(= $V»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j(V'6EV "( 8'4 $4 6(5(4!( =$3'5 !; 6(5(4!( 58(V 5'5 $6494 #4$6" Z S(= V M &" . «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
322
>''?[( 659 '( 5 =' (4!5 6' 64( $( (#', $ $ '"', ' (#' =(35 $64(" Z, 65(#3$ 6(4 S 6$( 5 88 S(4'6(S(5 '#' 5S$5 !9. «g54 $M3EB S(4'6( "$ 5 ( &(84 56'(B 53(4$4 ?E 65(, S ' '" 8'M( , $ =( =$5"$ ?E4$ ?E &(849 "$W$!» - 5 $&$4 '" '3"$M3E :'=! '8 . 2 &$ 5$4 6 56'(B " M(: «\ 5 4!8$" " 349 5 $5(" 9 3 W ' $( '4'3(&!. e'='W', (54 ?E $M3EB & "$5 '5 $6494 '54( 5(?9 W '4 , '4'3(&! 4 S '-" ? 3! 6='3(, S '?E M &"! "( ='V'3 4$ "( V'3 4$ 6 6(S"'5 ! ?(554(3"'». <...> j$5 ' N $ 3(9 (4!"'5 ! j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b(4!3W(= A(B, '" « = " 8$4 5(?9 6 5$3!?( (M(#'3"' 56EW( E59S ?'4!"EV =(5 !9" 5'6(=W(""' ?(5 4$ "', 3$ ([( 5"$?M$4 $M3'#' & " V 4( $=5 6$8 ». <...> \'M"' "$ 5$ ! A(4 Z " # ' '8, $ =$?' $4 '" 6 d4 (, 6 R' (S (4!5 6( ' = (&M V ?'4!"EV. >&6$4 4 "$ 5(?9 $ Z "$#= & , S ' 6 5 ["'5 '3 "-'3 "(W("( 96494 6 56'(8 4 A( S ! 4 "( 65( S=(M3(" (, 65( R' (S (4!5 6' ' = (&M V ?'4!"EV! \"'# ( S$V' 'S"E( = (&M$4 '#3$ 6 d4 ?(& #='W$ 6 $=8$"( - & %3(55E, & < W "(6$, & e$=! '6$ - 4 W! ' '8 , S ' 8 ?E4' &6(5 "', S ' 6 d4 ( M 6( ;" '" R$64'6 S j(V'6: «j(V'6 5 =' . j(V'6 '?(5 (S 'B 'B, 5 '4'6'B, 4(S(" (8!» (<. j '65 B.) D$ M( 6(4 $9 3'?=' $ ='" &E6$( (#' " # - '" "( 3(4$4 (( 56'(B 4 (=$ ="'B 4$ b'=8'B 4 ='#=$88'B, '"$ ?E4$ (5 (5 6(""'B ' =$5 'B (#' $4$" $. 2 (#' '?'M$4 65( S $ (4 - ' (5 ! 6 5 ["'5 659 X'55 9,
323
$ $ 6 '54(3" ( #'3E M &" 54$6$ (#' ?E4$ ' 5 "( #=$"3 '&"'B. «Y(& b("'8("$4!"'B '?[ (4!"'5 , ?(& '5 '9""'B 'V' E 9 W$ !59 5 4Z?E8 S(4'6( '8, ?(& M# S(#' (#' " (=(5$ ? '#=$b 98, "=$6$8, =$&#'6'=$8, ='b(55 98 5' (" E59S 4Z3(B '", '"(S"', " '#3$ "( 5'&3$4 ?E 'B #=$"3 '&"'B N"A 4' (3 = 55 '#' ?E $ 6'5!8 3(59 EV 3(69"'5 EV #'3'6, ' '=$9 "$&E6$( 59 8(4 8 =$55 $&$8 j(V'6$. - ^"$( (, $ 9 W 56' 8$4("! ( =$55 $&E? - 5 $&$4 '" <'='4(" ', '#3$ ' '4! ' S ' '&"$ '8 459 5 " 8. - >' . %" '#49" 4 5 '4, 6&94 6 = (=6 Z ' $6W Z59 "$ #4$&$ 6([! - ' ' $&$4$5! ( (4!" A$, - '5 $6 4 (( (=(3' 8"'Z 5 $&$4: - e'
( - &$6 =$ ? 3( =$55 $&... ^$#4$6 ( «R( (4!" A$».
2 <'='4(" ' 'S 3 4'5!, S ' "$3 ( (4!" A(B «"$S "$Z M( =' !59 $ (- ' "(' =(3(4(""E( '?=$&E, '4'M(" 9, = 4ZS(" 9, ([( "( "$W(3W ( 56' V b'=8, "' M( 'M 64(""E( Z8'='8». j(V'6 " '#3$ "( ' 4 S$459 V'='W 8 &3'='6!(8 ( "(#' ?E4 ?(= 4(&, '?'5 = 6W B59 '54( '(&3 "$ C$V$4 "), $ S ' '" 6E" M3(" ?E4 5 $ ! ?'4(( 89# B 4 8$ , S(8 8'5 '65 B. %" (&M$( & X'55 , 5"$S$4$ 6' O=$"A Z, &$ (8 '5(3$( 6 d4 (, 6 <=E8 , #3( '" 4 5(?( 3'8 5 5$3'8. <=E8 6''?[(, $ d4 $ 6 '5'?(""'5 S 3(5"E( 8(5 $, 5 3'6'4!"' 89# 8 4 8$ '8. j(V'6 ='M 4 &3(5! 5 '"A$ 80-V ##. 'S 3' 5$8'B 58(= , ?E6$9 6 \'5 6( 4 W! "$(&3$8 . ^"$8(" EB \'5 '65 B e 3'M(5 6(""EB ($ =, '5"'6$""EB 6 90-V ##. 36 89 4Z? (498 - $ (='84Z? (4(8 C $" 54$65 8 4 (=$ '='8 7(8 ='6 S(8i$"S(" ' ('?$ ?E4 '3$=("E "('?E "'6(""E8 5A(" S(5 8 $4$" '8), &$6'(6$4 &6(5 "'5 ! ([( 3' '5 $"'6' S(V'65 V !(5, "' (8 "( 8("(( ($ = N ' ' 5 "( «"$W(4 5(?9» 3'5 # V 3'M(5 6(""'#' 5'6(=W("5 6$ ?4$#'3$=9 (#' !(5$8, $ 8 = "(5 "$5 '9[ Z 54$6 . «j$B $» 5 $4$ 5 86'4'8 ($ =$ - 5 4 &'6$""$9 S$B $ &'?=$M("$ "$ &$"$6(5( ='#=$88 $V. «> W"(6EB
324
5$3», «i939 >$"9», «D= 5(5 =E» 5 $4 =$&3" '8 "( '4! ' 349 $6 '=$, "' 349 65(B = E. C8(= (4!"' ?'4!"'B j(V'6 = 5 5 6'6$4 "$ =(8!(=(, 6 3(4 6'5'=M(""EV &= (4(B, "$54$3 459 5 (V'8 56'(B !(5E, $ &$ (8, '54$?(6W B $ " '#3$ =(M3(, 6(=" 459 6 56'( 94 "5 '( (3 "(" (. g#' M("$ %4!#$ <" (=, '3"$ & 6(3 [ V, 9 ?E 3$M( 5 $&$4 - (=6$9 $ = 5$ ($ =$, &=(3 $ "("$3'4#' = (&M$4$ "(8 6 d4 . Y=$ N ' "( ?E4 5S$5 4 6E8. > 1904 #., 5'65(8 54$?EB, '" 65( M( = (V$4 "$ =(8!(= «> W"(6'#' 5$3$». ^= (4 "( 'M 3$4 (#' 6 3( !, '964(" ( N ' 6E&6$4' #='8'6E( $ 4'3 58(" E. D'#3$ 8'5 '65 $9 N4 $ = "94$5! (#' S(5 6'6$ !. :'6'= 4 5! ?(5 '"(S"E( =(S . %" ?E4 $ 54$? N ' ?E4' $ 96"', S ' 6 &$4( '3"94 5! = : «C$3 (5!, 5$3 (5!... R 5 ! ;" '" R$64'6 S 593( ». >5 '=( '54( '#' '" 6 '54(3" B =$& '(V$4 4(S !59 ( (=! 6 Y$3("6(B4(=, 6 "(8(A B l6$=A6$4!3. <'#3$ '" = ?E4 6 :(=8$" Z, M ! (8 '5 $6$4'5! = "(3(4 . 2 Z49 1904 #. '" 8(= 63$4 ' 56'(B 5(8! 3= &(B, 5=(3 S M V, 6 S M'8 #'='3(.
*** %3"' 3(4' - "$5 '9[ B V 3'M" , $ j(V'6, 5'65(8 3= #'( - $ 'B-" ? 3! 8'=$4 5 6='3( :'=! '#', & S 54$ (V "$ 6"EV "( #'8'""EV = 55 V " (44 #(" '6, ' '=E( 5S $4 , S ' 5 ' ='96 ! ' ' "'W(" Z "(5S$5 "'8 , '4 3 '8 , &$#$3'S"'8 8 M V' ! "(8"'#' 3'?=' E (= (" 9 8 = =('?=$& 59. i49 = 8(=$ 8'M"' 6&9 ! =$55 $& j(V'6$ «7'6$9 3$S$». Y'#$ EB "M("(= 6E5 =' 4 349 5(?9 56'(B M("E 3'8 5 5$3'8, b'" $"'8, &(= $4!"E8 W$='8, "' ?(& $V' "'B &(84 , - 8 " M(" S 5 EB 6'&3 V ' 3EV. < S(= = 6'3 &"(A 4'W$3(B - ='5 'W"EV, 5E EV, #4$3 V, ?(4EV $ 5"(# '=$& (4!"' 'V'M V '3"$ "$ 3= # Z. «j 5 E( 4(?(3 », - #'6'= ' , #4939 "$ " V 5 ?4$#'#'6(" (8. R'3V'3 5 $=EB 8 M . «D'4! ' S ' ?(4E(, #'6'= '" 5 V ='B "$58(W4 6'B 4E? 'B, - $ S ' 6
325
" V? R'5 $6! 8' V "$ '6(5, 5'V ?E V 3$ " '8».
$
( M( ? 3
#4$3
(. >
> "=$6' S (4!"'8 =$55 $&( 5 ?4$# 8 3(98 "$8(=(" 98 b=$&$ N $ ='&6 S$4$ ?E #'4'5'8 5$8'B 8 3='5 , $ 5 $=EB 8 M , $ #4 ?' ' ='5 ' 6E=$& 6W B 3(Z 5'=$&8(="'#' 5 ?E (8 '?=$&$ M &" , ?E4 ?E ''8 6E5 $64(" S 3(5"(BW 8 5 $= '8, 5 86'4'8 =(5 !9"5 6$, 5'&"$Z[(#' 5(?9 6'5V'39[ 8 4$55'8, . .j ' M( 3(4$( j(V'6? C '=(( 65(#', '" ='5 ' "( &$8( 4, S ' 64'M 4 6 5 $ 5 $='#' =(5 !9" "$ 569[("" Z 349 '#3$W" V =$3 $4'6 5 " . g8 6$M"', S '?E N 54'6$ ?E4 6(="E M &" , 6(="E S(4'6(S(5 '8 V$=$ (= , $ "( 5 86'4 , - #(='B 9&6 (4(" "( ' '8 , S ' 8 3=, $ ' '8 , S ' 4Z? #'6'= ! #$3'5 , '= ! 4Z398 "$5 ='(" (. %" 6'&"("$6 3(4 ?(4EV 4'W$3(B 5E '#' =$5 6'#' S(=$; 5$8 '" - S(4'6( '3 "' B, 63'6(A, «M 4 5 S"' (=$?' $ ! (8 8(W$4$ $ $9- ' ?'4(&"!, ' '= Z '" "$&E6$4 ' #=E&!Z, ' #4 5 $8 ), 3("!# "$ =' $" ( '4 S$4 ' 5E"$, 54 M 6W(#' 6 '"3 (=5 'B, 5 =$ 3' 6(S(=$ =$&3"' ?='3 4», (54 6 3(4, S '8 M 6(&( ?=(6"' 4 3 =E? , ' #'6'= 4: «a ' ?=(6"' = V496'(» 4 : «> $ Z '#'3 "( ? 3( 4(6$ !». C4'6'8, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E 53(4$ ! & (=5'"$M$ 5=(35 6' 349 ' S(" 9 3'? 6$ !59 '#', S ' :'=! '8 4Z?'8 5'6( 5 '8 5$ (4Z ' $&$4'5! ?E '?[(5 6(""'B =$63'B, ' (5 ! 6E5 $6 ! (#' '?=$&A'8 3'?='3((4(B ( $ 6 'W4'8 ? =M $&"'8 =$55 $&(, #3( #(='B "( 8'M( ?E ! 4'V 8 S(4'6( '8, (54 '" 4Z? 8$ ! 4 5'?$ ), - 68(5 ' 65(#' N '#' j(V'6 &'?=$M$( M 6'#' S(4'6( $, "( &$?' 95! ' '4 S(5 'B "$& 3$ (4!"'5 4 (=$ ="EV =$3 A 9V. <5 $ #'6'=9, (#' 8 3=(AE - '?E "'6(""' &$" 3E, "$ '8 "$Z[ ( R'4'" 9. >. 7$?' '6 &$6(=W$( N ' =$&3(4 6ES(= " E8 $55$M(8: «2 $ : j(V'6 "$=93 5 R W "E8 - S 5 (BW ( 5$ (4 6 58E54( 'B 5'6(=W(""'B #$=8'" , ' '='B 3EW$ V 5'S "(" 9. d '" 8$Z, $ "(8 4'5(=3"' ' ' "'W(" Z :'=! '8 '8 "$ ! (#' 6 N 'B 4( A , "' =$&" A$ 8(M3 " 8 =$B"( ' S (4!"$. > 21 6., '#3$, 9 "$3(Z5!, X'55 9 ? 3( ?'4(( 54$6"'B 5 =$"'B, S(8 5(-
326
#'3"9, ' :'=! '#' '5 $"( 59 '3"' 89, $ j(V'6 ? 3( M ! 5 '4! ', 5 '4! ' ?(=(&'6E( ='[ , &$ $ E 5 =$5 ! 6'=S(5 6 ». :4$6"$9 8E54!, ' '= Z 6" W$Z S $ (4Z S(V'65 ( #(=' - ' 5$8EV 8 4EV 3' 5$8EV =' 6"EV, 5'5 ' , 6 3 8', 6' 6 S(8: ' $ 6 X'55 ' 5 5 6 ( "$5 '9[$9 "=$65 6(""$9, 3 V'6"$9 b & S(5 $9 4! =$, 5 4 9 ?4$#'='3"(BW V " (44 #(" '6, ' '=E( 5 ='9 8'5 E W '4E =93'8 5 6(S"'B =$5 6'S"'B, ? 3 [( "E8 . j(V'6 = W(4 6E6'3 , S ' S 5 '( 5 55 6', S 5 $9 "$ $, S 5 '( &"$" (, 3$M( 3'B39 3' "$='3$, = "(5 6 '"A( '"A'6 ?'4!W( '4!&E, S(8 "( 4ZM$9 ?(5 '4'6$9 ?4$#' 6'= (4!"'5 !. \(M3 ='S 8, 5$8 j(V'6 ?E4 S"E8 S(V'65 8 " (44 #(" '8.
*** 7 '3 " 5$ (4! "( 5'&3$4 5 '4! ='#$ (4!"EV, "' ?(& #=$"$ 5(" 8(" $4!"'5 , (=5'"$M(B, ' '=EV 8'M"' ' =(3(4 ! '3"'B A $ 'B & =$55 $&$ «7$ '36'3(»: «2 "( '"9 "', - 3 8$4$ '"$, - &$S(8 =$5' , N = 6( 4 6'5 !, #= 5 "E( 8 4E( #4$&$ Y'# 3$( 54$?E8, "(5S$5 "E8, ?(5 '4(&"E8 4Z398, &$S(8 '" $ "=$69 59». >' 5 $=EB 5' 5 B & =$55 $&$ «R' 3(4$8 54 M?E», 6(=5 &$ 6(=5 'B ?=(3 [ B ' 5"(# ' " S 'M"E8 ?(558E54(""E8 '= S(" 98, ' '=EV '" "( 8'M( "( V'S( '"9 !. >' 8'4'3'B S(4'6( & '6(5 «\'9 M &"!», W(3W B & Z "'#' 3'8$, S '?E 5 $ ! " [ 8 8$49='8, ' '8 S ' "( 6E"(5 &$ V4'#' M(5 ' '#' 5$8'3'6'4!5 6$ ='6 "A $4!"'B M &" 5 (( #" 5"E8 3'8$8 , ' '=E( (#' ' (A, $=V ( '=, 6E5 =' 4 "$ 4 A$V #'='3$. <$ 'B 5$ (4! 3(=M$459 ?E ' 5'?4$&"$ =$# S(5 'B $=$44(4 : ' (A 5 =' 3'8$, 5E" '?=(S(" V =$5 !. ; j(V'6 "(3'5 # 3$M( "$8( " ! "$ N ' '?5 '9 (4!5 6', "( ' S ' '3S(= " ! (#', =$&=E6$9 (8 5$8E8 $"! '6(5 6'6$" 9. >' 6 =$55 $&( «i'8 5 8(&'" "'8» V= $9 3(6 W $, S!( 89 '-$"#4 B5 "( 6E#'6'= !, V= $9 \ 5Z5!, &9?" [$9 6 '" 'B = ?$W( '5(""(B "'S!Z, #(='B =$55 $&$, "$ 3E6$Z[ B "$ (( 54$?E( 4(S $4! '; $ 6 '"A( - (( #'=9[(( ' "'
327
#$5$Z[$9 64Z?4(""'5 !. >' 5 $= & «7'6'B 3$S », ' '=EB "( '" 8$( [( " Z 694 Z 3'?=' S 3$ '6$'#' '8([ $, = N '8 ?4$#'54'6499 (#' ' 65(#' 5(=3A$; $ '#3$ 3'S $ ?$= "$, 8$4("! $9 &?$4'6$""$9 3(6'S $ 5 '4!"'B 6"(W"'5 !Z, =E3$( , 'S 65 6'6$6 6=$M3(?"'5 ! =(5 !9", '" 6E" 8$( & $=8$"$ '# =(A 5 "$4 W 8 ='W $8 5 ( (B, = #'6$= 6$9: «7( 4$S!, 3( 'S $, $ ' 8$8("! $ ' A 'M$4 59, $ ' (A = ?!( », "$5 5'&3$( 59 'S"'( =(35 $64(" ( ' "=$6$V, A$=9[ V 6 (#' 5'?5 6(""'8 3'8(, V' 9 $6 '= " S(#' "( '?c95"9( "( '3S(= 6$( . >' 3(=(6("5 $9 S (4!" A$ & =$55 $&$ «7$ '36'3(», ='#$ (4!"E( #=(&E ' '='B ' 3(4' =(=E6$Z V$?E 4 ' 4 6'&" AE, #= ?', V' ! 3'?='3 W"' &'6 [(#' (( «>$5 4!(6"$». ; @ $ & 5$8'#' '=$& (4!"'#' (#' =$55 $&$ «> '6=$#(» - =' $9 "$ 6"$9 =(5 !9" $, ' '='B ? 6$Z #'4("! '#' 84$3("A$. ; $ V'='W =(3E3 [ B N &'3, '#3$ =(?("' ([( &3'='6, 6(5(4 8'4'3$9 8$ ! #=$( 5 " 8 - ' 'B3( 36(= , ' 4'" 59 (8 &3$4 5 $M( : «^3=$65 6 B (, 7 b'= ;" 5 8ES», $ ' '8 ?='5 59, = M8( 5(?(, 4$5 '6' = S $9. ; "(5S$5 "EB ?='39#$ 6 '8 M( S 3"'8 =$55 $&(, #'6'=9[ B 5 @ 'B ' 56' V 5 =$"5 6 9V ' X'55 . %3"$M3E ='(&M B #'5 '3 ", "$6(="'( - '4 S(5 B 55E4!"EB & \'5 6E, 65 =( 4 (#' #3(- ' "$ >'4#(, 6 3(4 '?"'5, V 3'( 4 A' &$ 4$ $4: «aV, #'6'= , V4(? 6'B S(="EB, 3" 6' S(="E(...» j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
328
*** %3 " &3$ (4! $ - ' 5 $&$4 8"(, S ' $M3'#' 5$ (49 #3(- ' 6" = ' 5" $ ' =(3(4(""$9 A b=$, 'S"((, S 54' 5 =$" A, ' '='( '" "( =(6E5 " 6 '3"'B " #(. \'( S 54', '8" 59, ?E4' 385. j(V'6 " '#3$ ?E "( 58'# "$ 5$ ! "$5 '9[ B 34 ""EB ='8$" - '" ?E4 5 = " (='8, $ "( 5 $B(='8. %" 54'6"' "( 8(4 '3'4# 3(=M 6$ ! 6 b' 5( &'= M &" , ' '=EB '65Z3 6EV6$ E6$4 (#' #(" B; '" 8'# 5'V=$"9 ! (#' M 6 Z =(4(5 ! ='6"' 5 '4! ', 5 '4! ' =(? ( 59 349 =$55 $&$, "' "( 8'# 5'V=$" ! 3( $4!"'5 !, "('?V'3 8 Z 349 34 ""'#' =$&6(=" '#' '6(5 6'6$" 9. g#' 3=$8$ S(5 ( 5 '5'?"'5 - ( M( 5 '5'?"'5 "'6(44 5 $; "(3'5 $ (#' !(5 ( M( 5$8E(, S ' 5 $4 ?E 'S(6 3"E, 6&3 8$B '" 5$ ! '4"'6(5"E( ='8$"E. j(V'6$ 5=$6" 6$4 5' 6 '='=$&=93"E8 b=$"A &5 8 5$ (4(8 \' $55$"'8, 'S(8 - ' 8(" (8E8 3( \' $55$"'8; V' 9 6 V 3'M(5 6(""'8 58E54( $ '( 5=$6"(" ( '5 '=? (4!"' 349 j(V'6$, '3"$ '?[$9 S(= $ " V (5 !: '?' V '=' '( 3EV$" (. <'#3$ \' $55$" = " M3$4 5(?9 ' =E6$ ! ='5 =$"5 6$, 5 4!"' =(6EW$6W ( 8$5W $?E (#' = ='3"'#' 3$=$, 5$4 ='8$"E 6='3( «Bel Ami» («\ 4EB 3= #») 4 «Une Vie» («h &"!»), ' 6 4 SW(8 54 S$( '" ' $&E6$4 5! 5(= (B 5 55 6(""' 5A( 4(""EV =$55 $&'6, 3'6'4!"' "(='6"EV ?(& '36'3"'#' (S(" 9, ='" &E6$Z[(#' 65Z " # , 5 '4! (5 (5 6(""'#' 349 5 49 $ V = ='M3(""EV ='8$" 5 '6, $ O4'?(= 4 D'45 'B. ^$ 5 4ZS(" (8 '3"'#' Z"'W(5 '#' faux pas [ ='8$V, "(6(="EB W$# (b=$"A.). - R= 8. =(3.] j(V'6 "( "$ 5$4 " '3"'B '45 'B " # . C$8E( 34 ""E( (#' 6([ , «i N4!» «D= #'3$», - ( M( =$55 $&E. j(V'6 5$4 (S$4!"E( " # 349 6(5(4EV 4Z3(B; 9 V'S 5 $&$ !, S ' '4! ' S $ (4! 5 S 65 6'8 Z8'=$ 5 8(( '"$5 '9[(8 '[ ! V (S$4!. g5 ! 5$ (4 , &3$Z[ ( 5=(3" B 8(M3 53$64(""E8 58(V'8 &(6 '8 &6 , 8"'# ( & " V - ='b(55 '"$4!"E( Z8'= 5 E. f 3= # V, "$ = 8(= i ("5$, '4 S$( 59 "(S ' 5=(3"(( 8(M3 58(W '8 65V4 '8. C [(5 6 ( $ M$5"$9 =$&"'6 3"'5 ! Z8'=$, ' '= Z $6 '= "$8(=(""' 5 '4!& ( 349 S 5 ' (V" S(5 '#' '?4(#S(" 9 '54( ? ="'B =$# S(5 'B 5A("E, "' N ' - " & ' ='?"EB 4 (=$ ="EB =Z . •8'= j(V'6$ S M3 65(8 N '8 ; '" ?E4 S 5 ' S(-
329
V'65 8. \ = 349 "(#' 58(W'" (S$4(" '3"'6=(8(""', "', "( &$8( 6 (#' &$?$6"'5 , 6E "( 'B8( ( (#' (S$4 , ' '8 S ' '" "(=$&3(4!"E. X 55 ( = 5$4 , S ' " 5 4! j(V'6$, " 6E?'= 54'6, " 65( ='S(( "( 56 3( (4!5 6 ( ' 'B '5'?'B 5$ (4!5 'B [$ (4!"'5 , ' '='B ?E4 '3(=M 8E :'#'4!, O4'?(= 4 :("= iM(B85. C4'6$=! (#' ?(3(", 5'S( $" 9 54'6 'S ?$"$4!"E; 5'S"EB #4$#'4, '=$"M(=(B"'( = 4$#$ (4!"'(, 89 "'-54 6'S"EB N ( , 6"(5(""E( "$ 5(=(?=9"'8 '3"'5(, - 65( N ' (8 S M3'. %" "( ?E4 54'6(5"E8 6 = '&'8, $ :'#'4!; (#' \ &$ 65(#3$ '3( $ 6 ? 3" S"'( 4$ !(. R'N '8 j(V'6$ V'='W' = 6'3 ! 6 = 8(= '#', S ' 8'M"' ?E ! ?(& =(S"E8 V 3'M" '8 ?(& 5 4ZS (4!"'#' ?4(5 $ 54'6(5"'B (V" , ?(& 5 4ZS (4!"'B &$?' E '? &9["EV &# ?$V =(34'M(" B. <'#3$ D =#("(6 = " 8$( 59 #'6'= ! ' (B&$M(, 6 3"', $ '" '&$?'S(" ' #4$M(""'5 !Z ?=ZS"EV 5 4$3' 56'(B b=$&E; &$ " 6 "'# "$ "'# , '" =$3 'B '#493E6$( "$ A6( "'5 '6. j(V'6 N ' ?(&=$&4 S"' - "( ' '8 , S ' 3( $4 N "( 8(Z &"$S(" 9, 349 5$ (4(B ' =(3(4(""'#' 5 4$3$ '" (5 (5 6(""E 'S("! 6$M"E, - "' j(V'6 65( =$6"' ' '#', S ' ' 56'(8 5 4$3 '" ?E4 S M3 659 'B 54'6(5"'B &'?=($ (4!"'5 . i$M( 4(# $9 #=$88$ S(5 $9 "( =$6 4!"'5 ! 4 #$&( "EB W $8 5'6(=W(""' (#' "( ?(5 ' ' 4 . >'4W(?5 6' (#' 5 55 6$ 6 '8, S ', "(58' =9 "$ (= 8'5 ! ='8$V$8, ' '=EV 4(# ' &?(M$4 ?E ?4(5 9[ B "'6 S' , "(58' =9 "$ #' '6"'5 ! 3'6'4!5 6'6$ !59 (=6E8 65 =(S"E8 54'6'8, j(V'6 8(4 (=(3$ ! '[ [(" ( =$5' E, 5'6(=W(""' "(3'5 "'( 8"'# 8 5$ (498, 5S $6W 8, ? 3 ' 8- ' 3' '34 ""' &6(5 "', S ' $ '( ='5 'W"$9, EW"$9 ='&$. i'? 6$( 59 '" N '#', '56([$9 65( 54'6$ '3 "$ '6E8 5 4E8 56( '8, = 3$6$9 8 '3 "$ '6EB 5(=EB ' ("' - 5=(3" B 8(M3 A6( '8 6( V'B &#'='3 "$6 5W(#' '?4$ $. X$&"''?=$& ( " '"$A B, 8(=A$" ( =(4(5 "'B ='" , '34 ""' V 3'M(5 6(""$9 5 '5 ! V$=$ (= 5 , =$5'S"'5 ! 3( $4(B, &$8 =$" ( S(4'6(S(5 'B M &" - 65( N S 5 ' S(V'65 ( S(= E &$4 6$( '?5 $( =$3 M"'=$5 4E6S$ '( 54'6(5"'( 8$=(6'.
330
>. 7$?' '6 5"$S$4$ "$ 5$4 «"( ?(5 ' ' 4 (#'» ='3'4M 4 b=$& . g( 5 ' = 6(5 , V' 9 $6 '= (( 6ES(= " 4: «?(5 ' ' 4 (#' 8("!W(, S(8, 5 $M(8, <'"=$3$, '#3$ ' ( $ 5''?[$( O'=3 \(3' 5 O'=3) ' E5 6$4 54'6' & 36 V 5 '4'6 "'B 54'#'6 - "( ='5 ' & 36 V 4 =(V, $ 8(""' & 36 V 5 '4'6 "'B, - ' '='( (8 =(35 $6494'5! $?5'4Z "' "('?V'3 8E8 6 '"A( $ '#'-" ? 3! ' 5$" 9. 2 '", <'"=$3, ?E4 5'6(=W(""' =$6, '5 '4! $ '6$ ?E4$ = ='3$ (#' 3$=$. ; j(V'6 ' '"S 4 ?E N b=$& , "$ 5$6 «#3(- '» 4 « '#3$- '», 3$M( "( &$3 8$459 ?E ' 56'(B '"A'6 (; = N '8 j(V'6 6(4 B 5$ (4!, S(#' "( 5 $M(W! ' 5 $= "( <'"=$3(». g#' 5 ' 'B"EB '" B Z8'= ='" &E6$( 5(='5 ! 5'&3$""EV 8 M &"(B. i49 = 55 'B b 4'5'b5 'B 4 '?[(5 6(""' "$5 ='(""'B = '" 5 $4 "( '6 '= 8E8 6E=$& (4(8 "( '6 '= 8'#' = 55 '#' $. \"( 3'6'4!"' 54'M"' '?c95" !, S ' N ' &$ , '5 '4! '" (5"' 569&$" 5 5 V'4'# S(5 'B '?[(5 6(""'B 5 '= (B X'55 19 6. C $&$ !, S ' j(V'6 &$"9 8 4E8 ?(5 '8'["E8 4Z3!8 , ?E4' ?E "( 5'65(8 'S"'. D'S"((, (#' 8 MS "E M("[ "E 8 4E 8(""' ' '8 , S ' ?(5 '8'["E. 7' '-"$5 '9[(8 = 64( $4' = 55 '#' S $ (49 ', S ' 6 S(V'65 V #(='9V '" &"$6$4 = 55 '#' " (44 #(" $, = 55 '#' 3($4 5 $, = S 34 6'( ='#$(4!"'( 5 [(5 6', 8$4' &6(5 "'( &$ #=$" A(B "(5 '5'?"'( 5 [(5 6'6$ ! 6 C'6( 5 'B X'55 . j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b(55 B S(=(& 65( =$55 $&E j(V'6$.
331
R'4 & ='6$""EV = '6 ?(5 4' ', S ' N ' "( = "$34(M$4 ' =(3(4(""'B '4 S(5 'B $= S ' $6 '= "( 5"$?3 4 (#' S( 'B '4 S(5 'B ='#=$88'B. 7' 6 '8- ' 65( 3(4'. Y(5 '8'["E( " (44 #(" E j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j(V'6 &64( $4 '5'?'( 5$ (4!5 '( "$54$M3(" ( & b 5$A 8(4!S$BW V =$&"'6 3"'5 (B N '#' 3'6'(""'#', 3'=(6'4ZA '""'#' $ = 55 V " (44 #(" '6. D$ ( 4Z3 8'#4 8(S $ !, "' "( 8'#4 =$6 !. %" =$&? 6$4 56' S M ( M &" , ?E4 #4 E, 54$?E, 5 ( 4 6E, 5(= S"E; "' &$ 65(8 N 8 j(V'6$ 54EW 59: ?4$#'54'6(""$ 5 =$"$, 5 8(6W$9 '='3 ! $ 'B S(4'6(S(5 B . %" 5 $4 6'&8'M"'5 , &?(#$4 3(B5 6 B, "( 5 $4 "'S$8 , 6E3 8E6$9 8 =E, ' '=EV "( 8'#4 '5 =' !; "' 5$8' 5 [(5 6'6$" ( $ V 4Z3(B, '4"EV E4 '#', 4$8(""'#' 5$8'' =(S(" 9, 3 V'6"'B S 5 ' E, "=$65 6(""'B 6E5' E, '3"' ', S ' $ ( 4Z3 M 4 , 6'&8'M"', M 6 5(BS$5 #3(- ' 6 5(#'3"9W"(B ?(&M$4'5 "'B '34'B X'55 - N ' '?([$" ( 4 SW(#' ? 3 [(#' 349 65(#' 8 =$, ?' & 65(V &$ '"'6 R= ='3E, 6'&8'M"', 5$8EB &$8(S$ (4!"EB - 6EM 6$" ( 54$?(BW V. C N 'B 'S &=(" 9 'A(" 6$4 j(V'6$ (, ' ?E4 =$6"' '#4'[(" "(5S$5 !98 = 55 '#' "$='3$, 54$6'B = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E. 7( &$?' 95! ' 5'A $4!"EV 4 N S(5 V '5 ='(" 9V, (#' #(" B =$5 =E4 ?'4!W( 5$8EV 8=$S"EV 5 '='" #'4'3"'B, 5? 'B 5 '4 , =$?5 'B, &4'5S$5 "'B, =(5 !9"5 'B X'55 , S(8 8"'M(5 6' 3= # V 5$ (4(B $ :'=! '#', ' '=EV '3 6 3'8 =$5 =$W(""EV 8$= '"( ' 6E5 $Z '?[(5 6(""E( 3( .
332
C $M ?'4!W(: S(4'6( , =(3 'S $Z[ B j(V'6 i'5'(65 '#' 4 :'=! '#', " '#3$ "( 5 8(( '"9 ! 5 ["'5 ! = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E = 55 'B M &" , S ' #'=$&3' 6$M"((, 5 ["'5 ! 4 (=$ ="'#' 5 55 6$ 6''?[(. f = 55 V ?E4$ #=$: 3(4 ! &"$ '8EV "$ $= 5 '='"" '6 =' 6" '6 j(V'6$. 7( 4Z? 6W V (#' 5S $4 4Z3!8 "( '#' 5'= $. d ' 3 W 5'6( Z 6$8 'S$[( &$#493E6$ ! 6 " # j(V'6$ (3$M( 6 (=(6'3$V, ' '=E8 '" '36(=#4 5!), S '?E, &$?E6$95!, (=(M ! N 5 $&'S"E( 5"E $ , $ '" ?E4 &$3 8$"E. > 6( EW [ V 5 4'B :'4 $b'6 '4(&"' 65 '8" ! ' V= V i$6 3$V. f"E4E( (B&$M , 693W ( 6E, 5 4'"(""E( 63'4! 3= S$Z[( #=9&"EV 3'='#, 5(=E( 6'='"E, ='=(&$Z[ ( 5(='( "(?', 6'5 '8 "$" (, 6"(&$ "' '6(96W(( 6 5$8'8 &$ =$ (&"'8 #4 - 65Z N ='#$ (4!" Z 5 4'5 !, 65Z N S 3" Z 54$?'5 !, 6(5! N ' S(V'65 B 6'= ' 4 6'"(6&=$S"EB 8 = 5 ' 5?(=(S! 5=(3 ?4 5 $" 9 8'# S V "$#4EV 8 ='6, ' '=E( 5 49 "$8 ' 4'"" ' $4 $="EV #'5 3$=5 6.
«
» (1899)
j(V'6 6V'3 6 =$55 $& «i$8$ 5 5'?$S 'B» ?(& 5 $. %" "( 8(W $( . > (=6'8 M( $?&$A( '9649( 59 #4$6"$9 #(=' "9, 8'4'3$9 ?4'"3 " $, ='# 4 6$Z[$959 ' "$?(=(M"'B d4 E, 6 <=E8 , "$ j(="'8 8'=(, 6 5' ='6'M3(" ?(4'#' W A$. 2 54(3'8 ' S$5 M( 9649( 59 #4$6"EB #(='B : ='6. <=$5'S"' ' 5$"$ (#' M("$, ' '= Z '" 5 3( !8 '5 $6 4 6 \'5 6(: 9M(4$9 b # =$, (8"E( ?='6 , = 6ES $ "$&E6$ ! 5(?9 «8E549[(B M("[ "'B». C=$& &$8(S$(W! 8$# Z 3( $4(B, '3? =$(8EV $6 '='8, - 8$"(=$ M("E "( ' =(?49 ! "$ 5!8( "( =' &"'5 8 Z ? 6 «c» ', $ '"$ "$&E6$( 56'(#' 8 M$ '4"E8 34 ""E8 8("(8. > 5'S( $" 5 6E=$& (4!"'B 6$M"'5 !Z (( 4 A$ 5 "$6 5W 8 ?='698 =98'B '5$" 'B '?( N S(= E =' &6'39 " M"'( $6 '= 6 (S$ 4(" (: 5 ='6$9 M("[ "$ 5 6(=3E8 b(8 " 5 5 8
333
5'A $4!"E8 3(98 , ' '= Z 8 M, '3"$ ', 6 #4 ? "( 3 W 5S $( & 'B, "(3$4( 'B ?(5 $ "'B. 2 ' '8 (5 (5 6(""E8 $M( 59 (=(V'3 3$6"(B "(6(="'5 (B : ='6$ (#' ' "'W(" Z M("[ "$8: «" &W$9 =$5$» $ '" V "$&E6$( , "' ?(& N 'B " &W(B =$5E "( 8'M( 5 [(5 6'6$ !. >5 '4!&! #'6'= 59 ' '8, S ' ='55 B5 ( ='8$"E 6'65( "( ?E4 $ 8 4(# 8 , $ 6 8' $55$"'65 '8 R$= M(. C4'M"'5 ='?4(8E "( &?(M"' 6'&" $4 N V '=93'S"EV, "(=(W (4!"EV 8'5 6 S(B, ' '=E( 9M(4E "$ '3c(8, "' M (54 '3" 8 59, ' 5 $Z 59 6 '8 (4!"E( 54'M"'5 . ^$ (8 (8 M( &9["E8 =98E8 ?='5 '8, 5 '8'[!Z (=(V'3"'B b=$&E « 6' '3"$M3E», 8E 6'&6=$[$(859 3$8( 5 5'?$S 'B >5( 6 "(B, 3$M( = S(5 $, #'6'= 4' (8 , S ' '"$ 5 S$( . C'?4$&" = 4ZS(" 9, - V' 9 '" ' 3$6$4 5(?( ' S( 6 '8, S ' N ' 64(S(" ( '3 "' 'B M("[ "(, ' 3EV$Z[(B "$ 8'3"'8 8'=5 '8 ='= (, '5"'6$"' "$ 'W4EV 5 '= 9V, ' ?'4!W(B S$5 6E3 8$""EV, - 5'?4$&" = 4ZS(" 9 '4 $( (#' '3'&6$ ! 5'?$S , ''=$9 (8 5$8E8 5 $"'6 59 569& Z[ 8 &6("'8 8(M3 " 8 . %?$ '" 5 39 6 #'='35 '8 =(5 '=$"(. «%" 4$5 '6' '8$" 4 5(?( W A$ , '#3$ ' '3'W(4, '#='& 4 (8 $4!A(8. l A &$6'=S$4. : ='6 ' 9 ! '#='& 4. i$8$ 61" 4$ "$ "(#' ' S$5 M( ' 5 4$ #4$&$. - %" "(
5$( 59, - 5 $&$4$ '"$
- \'M"' 3$ ! (8 '5 !? - 2 6" 4$ #'4'6'B, '" 5 ='5 4 &6'4 4 = (V$ ! 6 d4 ?
' =$5"(4$.
'#3$ '"$ 6(=3 (4!"' = 6( 4 6': - >E 3$6"'
- i"(B 9 !».
%" =$&#'6'= 4 5!. ;6 '= M( '8 "$4, S ' : ='6 6 M("5 '8 '?[(5 6( 5 $"'6 459 '5 =' 8"E8, "' 68(5 ' '#' S '?E =(3'5 $6 ! S $ (4Z '6(= ! "$ 54'6' (&"$( ( N ' &4Z?4(""EB = (8 ' 5$" 9 =$&#'6'='6 $ «?4(5 9[ V» ?(& (3 "'#' = 8(=$ N '#' ?4(5 $), j(V'6 3$( (8 = 64( $ (4!" Z, '?(&'= M 6$Z[ Z W : « - a ' '4! ' = "9 ' #'6'= !, S ' &3(5! 5 S"'. %?E6$ (4! M 6( 5(?9 #3(-" ? 3! (&3(5! j(V'6 = 6'3 &$8(S$ (4!"' '3'?=$""E( "$&6$" 9 $=V ='-
334
6 "A $4!"EV #'='3'6) - (8 "( 5 S"', $ = (3( 5Z3$: «;V, 5 S"'! $V, E4!!» R'3 8$(W!, S ' '" & :=("$3E = (V$4» ("$&6$" ( '5'?(""' &$8$"S 6'( 349 = 55 '#' 6''?=$M(" 9). %5 $4!"$9 S$5 ! V ?(5(3E, 349 ''='B N '#' N &'3$ ?'4(( S(8 3'5 $ 'S"', (=(3$"$ M( '56(""'. 2 6' (=6EB ='?4(5 S(V'65 'B 5 5 (8E (=(3$6$ ! '?5 $"'6 "$ ?'4(( 6E=$& (4!"E8 3( $498 = ='3E: «6'3$ ?E4$ 5 =("(6'#' A6( $, $ '#' 89# '#' ( 4'#', ' "(B ' 4 "E W4$ &'4' $9 '4'5$». D' , ' M 4 '#3$-" ? 3! 6 d4 (, &"$( , "$5 '4! ' 'S"' N ' ' 5$" ( 5'&3$( 6 (S$ 4(" ( 4( "(#' 6(S(=$. a $ (=6$9 S$5 ! =$55 $&$ &$ $"S 6$( 59 (8, S ' : ='6, '3 " 6 56'(8 #'5 " S"'8 "'8(=(, 3 8$( ' "(B, 4'M$5! 5 $ !, 6E&E6$( 6 6''?=$M(" (( '" Z 54$? Z W(Z =$5 6E( 5(=E( #4$&$. 2 &$8( ! (, S ' '4! ' ( (=!, 6 6'5 '8 "$" #(='9, j(V'6 3$( &= 8E( ' =(3(4(""E( S(= E #(=' " , =(6'5V'3"' 5'6$3$Z[ ( 5 M( &"$ '8E8 "$8 "(5 '4! ' 694E8 8$"(=$8 6E=$M(" (8 5 "$ 4 A(. «@'M$5! 5 $ !, '" 65 '8" 4, S ' '"$ ([( $ "(3$6"' ?E4$ "5 'B, S 4$5!, 65( =$6"' $ ( (=! (#' 3'S!, 65 '8" 4, 5 '4! ' ([( "(58(4'5 , #4'6$ '5 ?E4' 6 (( 58(V(, 6 =$&#'6'=( 5 "(&"$ '8E8, - 3'4M"' ?E !, N ' (=6EB =$& 6 M &" '"$ ?E4$ '3"$, 6 $ 'B '?5 $"'6 (, '#3$ &$ "(B V'39 , "$ "(( 58' =9 , #'6'=9 5 "(B '4! ' 5 '3"'Z $B"'Z A(4!Z, ' ' '='B '"$ "( 8'M( "( 3'#$3E6$ !59. >5 '8" 4 '" (( '" Z, 54$? Z W(Z, =$5 6E( 5(=E( #4$&$. «j '- ' 6 "(B (5 ! M$4 '( 65(- $ », - '3 8$4 '" 5 $4 &$5E $ !». C4(3 Z[ B W$# 6 =$&6 5'?E B ( $M3$9 & S( E=(V ='V' "EV #4$6' , 4 S$5 (B 5ZM( $, & ' '=EV 5'5 ' =$55 $&, "( =(6EW$( S( E=(V- 9 5 =$" A) =' 5V'3 "(3(4Z 5 5 9: : ='6 6 M$= B 6( =("EB 3("! 5 4( 9[(B ' 6'&3 V E4!Z &$V'3 6 $6 4!'" = "'5 3$8( V'4'3" Z 6'3 5 5 =' '8. ; ' '8 6(S(='8, '#3$ 6( (= &$ V, '" 3 "$ 8'4 58' =( !, $ = V'3 $='V'3. i$8$ « ' (=94$ 6 '4 ( 4'="( », '=' ' &$8(S$( j(V'6, N 65 '4!&! '?='"(""E( 54'6$, " $ "( 569&$""E( 5 5ZM( '8, ='5 ' ?(#4'( &$8(S$" (, - 'S(8 - ' 5'' 6( 5 6 Z '8 ?(5 '8'["'8 6''3 W(64(" Z, ' ' '='8 j(V'6 M( #'6'= 4. ^$(8 5 5"' &'?=$M("E (( "(4'6 '5 ! 89# $9 #4'6$-
335
'5 ! "(( 6 "'8(=(. %" 5 $4 4Z?'6" $8 . %"$ 5 3(4$ 5 =$5 [(""E8 6'4'5$8 , 6 59[ 8 ' 5 '='"$8 4 A$, 6 "E4'B '&( #=(W" AE 5' 5 $= ""'B $= "E. 7$ 5 '4( 4(M$4 $=? &. : ='6 ' =(&$4 5(?( 4'8' ! 5 $4 "( 5 (W$ (5 !. a ' =($4 5 S(5 B W = V - ([( '3 " S"' S(V'65 B = (8. %"$ =$55 $&E6$( (8 ' 56'(B M &" 6 3$4( '8 #'='3(, & ' '='#' '"$ = (V$4$, : ='6$ "$S "$Z 54(# $ 9#' ! (( "$ 6"'5 !, 58 [(" ( 54(&E. D'4! ' 5(BS$5 8E &"$(8 b$8 4 Z (( 8 M$ - b'" i 3(= A, - 6(='9 "', "(8(A '#' =' 5V'M3(" 9. %" ?='39 ' d4 ( 6 8$"( =$""(#' =$. «> %=($"3( 5 3(4 "$ 5 $8!(, "(3$4( ' ' A(= 6 , 58' =(4 6" & "$ 8'=( 8'4S$4 . d4 $ ?E4$ (36$ 6 3"$ 5 6'&! =("" B 8$", "$ 6(=W "$V #'= "( '36 M"' 5 '94 ?(4E( '?4$$. @ 5 6$ "( W(6(4 4$5! "$ 3(=(6!9V, = S$4 A $3E, '3"''?=$&"EB, #4 V'B W 8 8'=9, 3'"'5 6W B59 5" & , #'6'= 4 ' ' '(, ' 6(S"'8 5"(, $ 'B 'M 3$( "$5. D$ W 8(4' 6" & , '#3$ ([( "( ?E4' " d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
'54( 8'4S$" 9.
- i$. R'=$ 3'8'B». R' '8
='V'3
"(5 '4! ' 3"(B,
(B '=$ (&M$ !.
«R'=$ 8"( "$ 5(6(=, - 3 8$4 : ='6, N '8 '"S$( 59 #4$6$.
V'39 5
4$ b'=8E». 7$
336
D=( !9 S$5 ! '#= M$( "$5 6 8'5 '65 Z M &"! : ='6$. X'5 'W! 6(5(4'B = 55 'B & 8E, 3'8$W" ( 3(4$, '?(3E 6 4 ?$V =(5 '=$"$V - 65( N ' (=(3$"' 5 ?'4!W'B M 6'5 !Z. ^$ (8 A(4$9 5 =$" A$ '569[("$ 5 =$""'8 '?5 '9 (4!5 6 : '" "( 8'M( &$?E ! 3$8 5 5'?$S 'B. f "(#' 8"'#' 3= &(B, "' '8 (4!"'( M(4$" ( =$55 $&$ ! ' 56'(8 = 4ZS(" "( "$V'3 6EV'3$. <'#3$ : ='6 54 S$4'5! #'6'= ! "(' =(3(4(""' (6 5$8'8 '?[(8 6 3() ' 4Z?6 M("[ "$V, " ' "( 3'#$3E6$459, S ' '" 8(4 6 6 3 , '4! ' (#' M("$ '3E8$4$ (8"E( ?='6 #'6'= 4$: «D(?(, i 8 = B, 5'65(8 "( 3( ='4! b$$». 2 6' "$5 $( 8 #, ' '=EB 6 5 ' 'B"EV S(V'65 V =$55 $&$V 8'M"' "$&6$ ! 4!8 "$A (B. C [(5 6 ( ', S ' "$W '?E6$ (4! "$&E6$( 'N& (B, ', S ' '" "$&E6$( ='&'B M &" , V' 9 ' 3= #'( [$ 349 V 3'M" '6. <'" =$5 8(M3 " 8 M( 8(4! " 4 6 5A("(, '#3$ : ='6 6 5$8EB ='8$" S(5 B 8'8(" (5 5' $=? &$, #= &"$ 5(6W 5! S$6 $9. %" =(6'5V'3"' 3'6(3(" 3' '"A$, '#3$ : ='6 ='#'6$= 6$( 59 56'(8 = 9 (4Z, 6EV'39 5 " 8 '&3"' "'S!Z & 4 ?$: «g54 ? 6E &"$4 , 5 $ 'B 'S$='6$ (4!"'B M("[ "'B 9 '&"$ '8 459 6 d4 (!» g#' = 9 (4!, S "'6" , 5$3 59 6 5$" , '" ='#$Z , '" "('M 3$""' '?'=$S 6$( 59 ' 4 $( : ='6$. «j '?» - 5 =$W 6$( : ='6 6 96"'B "$3(M3( 54EW$ ! =($ A Z "$ ', S ' '" 5 $&$4. «; 3$6(S$, - #'6'= S "'6" , - 6E ?E4 =$6E: '5( = "$- ' 5 3 W '8!» a ' (=(V'3 "'6'8 5'5 '9" Z : ='6$, "'6'8 '[ [(" Z, S ' '" M 6( 5=(3 3 $=(B, ' '=EV " (=(5 Z '4! ' $= E '?M'=5 6', 'S("! (5 (5 6(". g#' 5(8!9, ?$" , 6(5! V'3 M &" - 65( ( (=! $M( 59 (8 5E8, 5 S"E8, ?(558E54(""E8. R(=(3 X'M3(5 6'8 '" #'6'= M("(, S ' (&M$( ' 3(4$8 6 R( (=? =#, $ 68(5 ' N '#' (3( 6 3$4( B 6'4M5 B #'='3, #3( M 6( 3$8$ 5 5'?$S 'B. > 5 $=E( 3'?=E( 6=(8("$, '#3$ 659 X'55 9 ?E4$ 'V6$S("$ 8$" (B '?[(5 6(""'B 3(9 (4!"'5 , = '6 j(V'6$ 6'&8 [$4', S ', 68(5 ' '#' S '?E [$ (4!"' & S$ ! =(W$ ! ='?4(8E ? =M $&"'#' ?=$ $, '" ' 5E6$4 ', S ' $&$4'5! 8 ?$"$4!"E8 ?(5 '4(&"E8. >(3! (36$ : ='6 =$"' ='8 = (&M$( 6 #'='3 &$" 8$(
337
4 SW B "'8(= 6 8(5 "'B #'5 " A(, j(V'6, 68(5 ' '#' S '?E ' 5E6$ ! (#' "$5 ='(" ( 4 "$#"( $ ! ?(& '#' = 3"'( 3 W(6"'( 5'5 '9" (, '5 $( $ "$5 '9[ B V 3'M" : '" &$8(S$( 5(=EB '6(=, 53(4$""EB & 5'43$ 5 '#' 5 "$, S(=" 4!" A , 'M( 5(= Z ' E4 , 5 65$3" '8 5' W49 'B 6 '3"9 'B = ( ' ? 'B #'4'6'B. >' 65(; $ ? 3 ' ?E " S(#' '5'?(""'#', "' N ' 5$8'( 6$M"'( 6 '34 ""'B 4 (=$ =(. > N '8 M( 58E54( V'='W$ 3= #$9 3( $4! - 5 $M(" ( "(8(A 'B b$8 4 b'" i 3(= A 6 5 $V W6(BA$=$. f&"$6 $3=(5, : ='6 ' =$649( 59 3$ 58' = "$ 3'8. 7$ =' 6 9"( 59 &$?'=, E $""EB #6'&398 . «% $ '#' &$?'=$ ?(M W!», - #'6'= : ='6 5$8'8 5(?(, &3(5! "$V'3 &$6(=W(" ( 8' 6 '3"''?=$& 9 5(='5 , "$S$ EB '6='8, S(=" 4!" A(B "(#=$8' "E8 W6(BA$='8. 7('M 3$""E( 8$4("! ( '6'=' E 4(# '5 ! $5$" B - 6' S ' '3" 8$( j(V'6$ "$3 65(8 = 55 8 ='&$ $8 3' ='6"9 :'#'49 D'45 '#'. >5 '=( '" 6 3(4, $ & 36(=(B 6EW4$ 5 $= W $ 5' &"$ '8'B 5'?$S 'B. %" V' (4 (( '&6$ ! (36 M 8EB 56'(#' ='3$ 54'6"E8 =(b4( 5'8), "' "(#' 63= # &$? 4'5! 5(=3A(, ' 6'4"(" 9 '" "( 8'# 65 '8" !, $ &'6 W A$ - ([( '3 " 'S$='6$ (4!"EB W = V. R'&M( '" =(W$( 'B 6 8(5 "EB ($ =, "$ =(8!(= ' (=( E «:(BW$». > "(5 '4! V 54'6$V j(V'6 3$( $= " ='6 "A $4!"'#' ($ =$, "( &$?E6 # ?(="$ '=$, 5 ='8"' =9S [(#'59 &$ 4ZW(6'B '= !(='B, $ S ' 6 3"E ?E4 '4! ' = . ^$ (8 '9649( 59 #(=' "9, «... '" '"94 95"', S ' 349 "(#' ( (=! "$ 65(8 56( ( "( ?4 M(, 3'='M( 6$M"(( S(4'6( $», S(8 N $ «&$ (=96W$959 6 ='6 "A $4!"'B '4 ( 8$4("! $9 M("[ "$, " S(8 "( &$8(S$ (4!"$9, 5 6 4!#$="'Z 4'="( 'B 6 = $V...» %" 6 3(4 (( 8 M$ 65 '8" 4, $ '"$ "$&E6$4$ (#' 4$ ((8, '" 6 5$8'8 3(4( 'V'3 4 "$ 4$ (9. R' '8 54(3 ( &$8(S$ (4!"' '" $9 'S"$9 5A("$: : ='6 3$( 59 &$#'6'= ! 5 "(B, '" ?4 M3$Z $ '8(W$""E( ' ?(5 '"(S"E8 4(5 " A$8 '= 3'=$8 66(=V, 6" &, 5"'6$ 66(=V, 8 8' 4Z3(B 6 8 "3 =$V ='6 "A $4!"EV S=(M3(" B. 7( &$?E6$( j(V'6 36 V # 8"$& 5 '6, ' '=E( « '6EW(, "$ 4'[$3 (, = 4 58' =(4 6" &».
338
j( 6(= $9 '54(3"99 #4$6 $ (=(3$( $ 8'5b(= $B"EV 56 3$" B 6 \'5 6(. <$ '4! ' '"$ = (&M$4$, '"$ '5E4$4$ "(8 , : ='6 , S(4'6( $ 6 =$5"'B W$ (. %3"$M3E '" W(4 "(B, 5 " 8 ?E4$ (#' 3'S!. %"$ "$=$6494$5! 6 # 8"$& Z, N ' ?E4' ' 3'='#(. \(34(""' $3$4 = "EB 8' =EB 5"(#. : ='6 #'6'= 4 56'(B 3'S(= , S ' (=8'8( = ' $&E6$( "(5 '4! ' #=$3 5'6 6EW( " 49, "' (8 "( 8("(( 3( 5"(#. %?c95"(" ( 5'5 '94' 6 54(3 Z[(8: « ( 4' '4! ' "$ '6(=V"'5 &(84 , 6 6(=V" V M( 54'9V $ 8'5b(=E 5'65(8 3= #$9 (8 (=$ =$». 2 ' $ '" W(4 #'6'= 4, '" 65( 6=(89 3 8$4 ' '8, S ' " '3"$ 3 W$ "( &"$( , 6(='9 "', " '#3$ "( &"$( '? N V $B"EV 56 3$" 9V. g#' 58 [$4', S ' 4'M"$9 5 '='"$ (#' M &" - 54 M?$ 6 ?$" (, V'M3(" ( 6 4 ?, 55'=E, 5'A $4!"E( '?9&$""'5 - ?E4$ 96"'B, 6 ' 6=(89 $ 5 ""$9 "$ ?'4(( " (=(5"$9 =9 $4$5! &$ N 'B 4'M!Z. «f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«" &W$9 =$5$», V'M3(" ( 5 M("'B "$ Z? 4( , - 65( N ' ?E4' 96"'. 2 ' 5(?( '" 5 3 4 ' 3= # V, "( 6(= 4 '8 , S ' 6 3(4, 65(#3$ =(3 '4$#$4, S ' $M3'#' S(4'6($ '3 ' ='6'8 $B"E, $ '3 ' ='6'8 "'S , ='V'3 (#' "$5 '9[$9, 5$8$9 " (=(5"$9 M &"!. <$M3'( 4 S"'( 5 [(5 6'6$" ( 3(=M 59 "$ $B"(, , ?E ! 8'M( , ' S$5 'N '8 4! ="EB S(4'6( $ "(=6"' V4' 'S( ' '8, S '?E 6$M$4$5! 4 S"$9 $B"$». O "$4!"$9 5A("$ '4"$ '#' 5$8'8 "$S$4(. %" 65 =(S$Z 6 Z , S ' '" ?4 M(, S(8 8 3= &!9, '" 6 3 , S ' "$S '4! ' 58(= ! '4'M '"(A
$b'5$, ' '=EB &6 S$4 6 59, '"$ 4$S( , '" S 65 M M("$, 5$8E( "(M"E( "$( 5(3( !, &"$( , S ' V 4Z?6 .
339
«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». %" 5'6( Z 59, $ &?$6 ! 5(?9 ' "('?V'3 8'5 =9 $ !59, '?8$"E6$ !, S ' 53(4$ !, S '?E "$65(#3$ ?E ! 68(5 (. %" "( "$V'39 =(W(" 9, 6 S"' S(V'65 'B 8$"(=( =$55 $& '?=E6$( 59 "$ '4 54'6( 68(5 ( 5 (5 (5 6(""E8 (S(" (8 M &" . >5( =$3 A '""E( =$6 4$ '6(5 6'6$" 9 "$= W("E 6 N '8 S 3(5"'8 =$55 $&( 6 36$3A$ ! = 8(="' 5 =$" A. ^3(5! "( ='?4(8E, "( '?ES"'B 4!8 "$A , "( 'S6 '"A(. 7' N ' =$55 $& - '3 " & 5$8EV 6(4 V 6 8 ='6'B 4 (=$ =(. R'6 '= 8 ( (=! "( ' '=E( 56'B5 6$, = 5 [ ( N '8 3= # 8 S(V'65 8 =$55 $&$8. R(=6'(: 5 '= 9 &4$#$( 59 5$8E8 (5 (5 6(""E8 & 6'&8'M"EV 5 '5'?'6, "( '54( '?(3$, 6'&4( $8 "$, $ D =#("(6$ 4 \' $55$"$, "' $ , $ =$55 $&E6$Z ' 5$8'8 6$M"'8 6 M &" , "( '=' 4 6', "( ' 64( $95! 54(# $ = #4 W(""E8 #'4'5'8. > '='(: 'S"$9 #4 ?' $9 V$=$ (= 5 $ 3'5 #$( 59 6" 8$ (4!"E8 ' ?'='8 =$5 =(3(4(" (8 "(&"$S (4!"EV, "' '=$& (4!"EV 3( $4(B, 5 '4"E8 =(&=(" (8 =$&6(=" '8 ' 5$" Z, '6 '= '3S(= 6$" Z, 56'B5 6(""E8 =93'6E8 5$ (498. > 4Z?'8 ' 5$" $M3$9 3( $4! '3'?=$"$ $ , S '?E &$4 ! 56( '8 65( 3(B5 6 (. D=( !(: "( " $ 'B '5'?'B 8'=$4 , ' '= Z " M"' ?E4' ?E &64(S!, " $ 'B '5'?'B 3( , ' '= Z " M"' ?E4' ?E 95" !. C=$6" ( N '5'?(""'5 ! 5
340
("3("A '&"E8 "$.
=$55 $&$8
:'=! '#'
4
D'8$5$ \$"-
j( 6(= '(: =$55 $& '5"'6$" "$ 5 5 (8( 6'4", "$ ' ("$V '#' 4 "'#' "$5 ='(" 9. g54 8 = :'=! '#' 5'5 ' & 8'4( 4, ' &3(5!, j(V'6$, (=(3 "$8 8 = 6'4", $ "( S$5 A 8$ (= , S ', 5 $ , #'=$&3' ?4 M( 5'6=(8(""'8 "$ S"'8 =(35 $64(" Z ' 5 ='(" 65(4(""'B. R9 '(: '" =$5 8(M3 'N& (B ='&'B, '5 '9""' '3S(= 6$(8EB 5 $ 'B ='" A$ (4!"'5 !Z Z8'='8, 6 '"(S"'8 5S( ( ' $&E6$( 59 '" =$5 '8 '4! ' 349 #(='(6, 8E M( S 65 6 (8 N ' ' 9 ! V$=$ (="' 349 5 ""'#' #(" 9, - S ' j(V'6 '3 "$ '6' 3'='#' 6E5''(, " & '(; 4'8' ! $=? &$, b '4( '6'( 8'=(, = # ?(="$ '=$ - 65( N ' 5 [(5 6(""E( 3( $4 , 5'5 $649Z[ ( « =$5' ?'#'5 !» 8 =$. l(5 '(: =$55 $& 6 3(B5 6 (4!"'5 "( '"S$( 59, '5 '4! 3' (V '=, ' $ 4Z3 M 6E, "( 349 " V 6'&8'M"'#' ' =(3(4(""'#' &$6(=W(" 9 V "(5S$5 B, 4 "$3(M3, 4 8(S $" B. C(3!8'(: $M( 59, S ' =$55 $&S 65( 6=(89 &' 65(V 5 4 5 =(8 59 '38( ! 3( $4 , $M3$9 & ' '=EV 6 "'B ='&( $&E6$4$ ?E "$ '6'=' 6 =$&6 3(B5 6 9: "$ = 8(=, 36'( # 8"$& 5 '6 6 ($ =( 8'#4 ?E '354 W$ ! '?c95"(" (, 'W4 ?E 54 V , 4 S(=" 4!" A$ 8'#4$ '&"$S$ ! 5!8', 8("9Z[(( (S(" ( =$55 $&$. 7' 8(""' ' '8 , S ' N 8(4'S "( 8(Z &"$S(" 9, ?(558E54(""E, '" =$B"( 6$M"E 6 5'&3$" $ 8'5b(=E 8(""' N '#' =$55 $&$.
341
«
» (1900)
i(B5 6 ( =$55 $&$ «> '6=$#(» =' 5V'3 '46( $ "$&$3 - =$55 $& ?E4 "$ 5$" 6 1900 #. \(5 ' 3(B5 6 9 = 55 '( 5(4' f 4((6'. C(4' N ' ?E4' &6(5 "' 4 W! (8, S ' « $ - ' "$ '8 " $V... 5 $= 3!9S' 6 3(4 5=(3 &$ 5' &(=" 5 Z = 5 $4 (5 ! (( 5 M$3"'5 !Z; (#' '4 $4 , 3(=#$4 &$ = $6, "' '" 54'6"' ' 'S("(4 ' "$54$M3(" 9: " S(#' "( S 65 6'6$4 '4! ' (4. Cc(4 65Z = , $ 6 ?$" ( ?E4' b " $ S( E=(. 2 ='W4' M 8"'#' 6=(8(" 5 (V '=, 3!9S' 3$6"' 8(=, $ =' = 65w '8" 4 . h &"! 4 ?E4$ $ ?(3"$ &3(5! 4 4Z3 "( 8(4 '38( ! " S(#', ='8( N '#' "(6$M"'#' 5'?E9, =' 5W(3W(#' 3(59 ! 4( "$&$3, $ '4! ' =' 5(4' f 4((6' " S(#' 3= #'#' "( =$55 $&E6$4 ». 24 6(="((, ='8( N '#' "(S(#' ?E4' =$55 $&E6$ !. > N '8 N &'3( ' =$B"(B 8(=( 54EW$4$5! 6(5(4$9 S(4'6(S(5 $9 4E? $. >5( '5 $4!"'( ?E4' "( '4! ' ? 3" S"E8, "' &4E8 - 5(='( '5 "'( #"(&3' '?8$"$ "(5 =$6(34 6'5 . «>' 65(8 5(4( ?E4' '4! ' 36$ '=93'S"EV 3'8$, $8(""EV, =E EV M(4(&'8; 6 '3"'8 '8([$4'5! 6'4'5 "'( =$64(" (, 6 3= #'8, 36 VN $M"'8, $ =$& =' 6 A(= 6 , M 4 kE? ", := #'= B R( ='6, ( b$"5 B 8([$" "». %?$ N V 3'8$ - '? $4 [$ &4$. >5( 6 =$55 $&(, &$ 5 4ZS(" (8 3( (B @ E - M("[ "E'3='5 $, =(35 $649( 5'?'B =93 '54(3'6$ (4!"EV '?8$"'6, =93 8$5' . R(=6EB '?8$". «:= #'= B 3(=M$4 ?$ $4(B" Z 4$6'S , "' N ' '4! ' 349 6 3$, "$ 5$8'8 M( 3(4( '=#'6$4 6'3'B, 5 ' '8, 'M$8 , V4(?'8 6 &(="(, 56 "!98 , '=#'6$4 S(8 = 3( 59, '#3$, "$ = 8(=, &$ #=$" A =(?'6$4 5! 349 3$85 V W49 5'=' , ' '" "$M 6$4 "$ $M3'B $=( ' = 3A$ ' (( ; '" 5 $4 4(5 "$ 5= ?, 3$6$4 3("!# 6 ='5 , 6''?[( ?E4 5 $= '?'=' 4 6EB». C N 8 := #'= (8 =' &'B3( " (=(5"'( (=(6' 4'[(" ( 6 =$55 $&(. f 5 $='#' := #'= 9 36$ 5E"$, '3 " & " V - #4 V'B, '8'#$6W B ' A ' 3'8 , M("$ "$ = 9 "'B 5 6 3 , &3'='6'B 8'4'3'B M("[ "(, ' $&$6W(B59 "$ 3(4( 5 [ 8 3!96'4'8, 3= #'B - 54 M 6 '4 A , '" V'4'5 . >E &$8( (, S ' := #'= Z 'S("! ' 3 W( (#'
342
"(6(5 $ ; 5 "!9: 'S(8 - 65 '=( 5 $"( 95"'. C $=EB := #'= B, 63'6(A, M(" 459 6"'6!, "'6 Z M(" (#' &'6 >$=6$=$: «g36$ '"$ '5(4 4$5! 6 '8"$ (, 6 6(=V"(8 N $M(, $ 65( ='56( 4(4' 6 3'8(, 'S"' 6' 65( ' "$ ?E4 65 $64("E "'6E( 5 ( 4$. ^$56( 4 5! 4$8 $3 , 5 '4E ' =E4 5! ?(4E8 $ 5"(# 5 $ (= 98 , "$ ' "$V 6 $4 5$3" ( ' $&$4 5! A6( E 5 =$5"E8 #4$& $8 , M &$ '?(3'8 (4 "( & '3"'B 8 5 , $ (=(3 $M3E8 5 $6 4$5! $=(4 $». %"$ 'M( '"$S$4 $M( 59 3'?='B, 'S$='6$ (4!"'B M("[ "'B, 6' 659 '8 54 S$( 3'?=(( 5 $= $. «<'#3$ 6 &$#'6("!( 4 6 =(5 '4!"EB =$&3" , ' '=EB ='3'4M$459 = 3"9, 5?E6$4 8 M $8 =' V4 Z 5'4'" " 5 $ 8 9M 8 &$ $V'8, S ' = 3"' ?E4' 5 '9 ! ' '4' ?'S , = " 8$4 ' !9"EV 6 &$ 4$3 '5E, W$ , M(" "E 4$ , '#3$ 6 #=9& 6$494 5! b$?= S"E(, '3 =8$"(""E( 4'V'B 6'3 'B, #=(V, $&$4'5!, 5# 5 6W 5!, M( 8$"'8 5 '94 6 6'&3 V(, '#3$ 5 $"'6 4'5! $ - ' 4(#S( = 8E54 , S ' $8, 6 3'8(, (5 ! V$9, ' =9 "$9 M("[ "$, ' '='B "( 3(4$ " 3' 5'4'" "E, " 3' 6'3 ...» := #'= B - 9M(4EB S(4'6( , V' 9 '" 8([$" ", 6EW(3W B & =(5 !9" (' (A (#', 6(='9 "', ?E4 &$M 'S"E8 =(5 !9" "'8), '" "("$6 3 =(5 !9". R' '8 "$S "$( 59: > '='B '?8$". R'3 6(5(4'5 !Z ; 5 "! $ 59 $ M( 5 =$W"$9 5 !, 'N '8 := #'= B $ 6'5V [$( 59 (Z. a $ =$5$6 A$ "(S 5 $ "$ = . «; 5 "!9 '=#'6$4$ 6 4$6 (, 54EW"' ?E4' 6' 36'=(, $ &6("(4 ? E4 3("!# , $ '"$ 58(94$5! 4 = S$4$ $ 5(=3 4 5! ' $ (4 , ' '=EV '"$ '? M$4$; 6 ' M( 6=(89 ?E4' &$8( "', S ' $8 6 4$6 ( $B"$9 '=#'649 6'3 'B M( 3( . :4 V'B 'M( 5 3(4 6 4$6 ( 4 ?(& W$ , &$4'M 6= 6 $=8$"E, V'3 4 ' 4 A( =$55(9""' '#493E6$4 ' "$ &?E, ' 66(=V "$ "(?'. X$& W(5 ! 6 3("! 6 3'8( 4 S$B; =$&$ S( E=( 5$3 4 5! &$ 5 '4 (5 !. ; 6(S(='8 5S $4 6E= S &$ 5E6$4 , ' '8 5 $4 =( '». ^$ (8 54(3 ( "(?'4!W'B (=(V'3 5 A(6E8 b$?= $8 V 64$3(4!A$8. 7$&'6(8 V 349 ='5 ' E e=E8 "E.
343
D=( B '?8$". (C = M(5 $9 &8("$.) ; 5 "!9 "( '4! ' '?8$"E6$( ' $ (4(B 6 4$6 (, '"$ $ M( '?8$"E6$( 8 M$ 5 '3" 8 & N V b$?= $" '6. j( 6(= EB '?8$". >5(#' 4 W! "(?'4!W'B '34'#, ='3 5$8''?8$"$. «R='6(4 (4(b'" 6 6'4'5 "'( =$64(" (, "' $8 '" 5 '=' (=(5 $4 3(B5 6'6$ !, $ $ 6 "(8 &$6(4 5! 4' E = 5$ . >'4'5 "'B 5 $=W "$ ?E4 8$4'#=$8' (" 6 ? 8$#$V $M3'( 54'6' 5$4 5 ?'4!W'B ? 6E, "' '#3$ 5 '= 459 (4(b'", ' '" 5 $&$4: - i$, ( (=! "$8 ?(& (4(b'"$ ? 3(
= 3"'6$ '».
R9 EB '?8$". %" 569&$" 5' 5 $=W 8 5E"'8 := #'= 9, '4 A(B5 8 ;" 5 8'8. D 8E ' $&E6$(859 6 5$8'8 4'#'6( '?8$"$. 7' j(V'6 "( ' =E6$( 65(B =$63E '? ;" 5 8(: «C $=W B 5E" ;" 5 8 = (&M$4 3'8'B 'S("! =(3 ', '4! ' 6 ?'4!W ( =$&3" , "' &$ ' S$5 ' = 5E4$4 5 &(849 $8 #'5 "AE 5!8$, "$ 5$""E( S! 8- ' S M 8 'S(= '8, 'S("! =$5 6E8, 659 B =$& "$ 4 5 ( 5S(B ? 8$# , 6 6 3( ='W(" 9. R 5!8$ ?E4 '4"E 6E=$M(" B, $ V ;" 5 8 " '#3$ "( ' =(?494 6 =$&#'6'=(: «@Z?(&"E( $ $W$ 8$8$W$, '5E4$Z 6$8 b " A6( 'S"'#' S$Z 349 3'64( 6'=(" 9 6$W(B b & S(5 'B ' =(?"'5 ». ^3(5! ='( 59 $ $9- ' $B"$, ' '=$9 ' '8 =$&c95" 59, - $ , "$ = 8(=, 54'6$: «S! 8- ' S M 8 'S(= '8, 'S("! =$5 6E8». %3"$M3E '" 6'&6=$[$( 59 3'8'B, S '- ' 6 "(8 6E3$( , S ' (#' 6'4 4 & '4 A , "' 54 S$B N ' " '#' "( ='#$( . 7$'?'=' , '" =(35 $649( 59 =$&3" S"E8, ;" 5 8$ V'9 M(" !. >$=6$=$, M("$ := #'= 9 8$S(V$ ;" 5 8$, #'6'= : «<$ M( N ' $ '(, ?$ ZW ? a V- (V, $="Z M( 36$3A$ ! 6'5!8'B #'3'S( 'W(4, $ '" 65( V'4'5 'B =$&# 4 6$( , 'V- (V- (... 2& 3= #'B '8"$ E (( V$9, ='6"$9 =(S! 54EW$4$5! $ : «%V- (V- (». %"$ 5 $4$ W( $ !59 5' 5 $= '8 5 ; 5 "!(B, V 4 A$ 'M( = "94 4 $6'( $ "5 6(""'( 6E=$M(" (, $ &$#'6'=[ '6. X(W 4 M(" ! ;" 5 8$». D(8$ «3( (B». R(=(V'3 #4$6"'B #(=' "( =$55 $&$, 3(6 W ( @ (. %"$ ?E4$ 3'S(=!Z 63'6E'3("[ AE '8'#$4$ 8$ (= "$ '3(""'B =$?' (. «%"$ ?E4$ V 3("! $9, 54$?$9, ?4(3"$9, 5 '" 8 , "(M"E8 S(= $8 , 58 #4$9 ' =$?' E "$ 6'&3 V(; #= 5 "$9,
344
='? $9 4E? $ "( 5V'3 4$ "(( 5 4 A$, #4$&$ 58' =(4 '-3( 5 - 3'6(=S 6' 5 4Z?' E 5 6'8. %"$ ?E4$ 8'4'3$, ([( 3(6'S $, 5 (36$ &$8( "'B #= 3!Z, "' 6("S$ ! ?E4' M( 8'M"', $ $ #'3$ 6EW4 . > 5$8'8 3(4$ '"$ ?E4$ =$5 6$, '3"' '4! ' 8'#4' 6 "(B "( "=$6 !59, N ' - (( ?'4!W ( 8 M5 ( = , ' '=E( ( (=! =$&3"' 6 5(4 , $ 36( ?'4!W ( 4(W" ». l(5 'B '?8$" 569&$" 5 >$=6$='B, ' '=$9 V' ! = 9 "$ "$ 6 3, "' "$ 5$8'8 3(4( '3 5 'B '?'4'S 'B (( '6(=V"'5 "'B 3'?=' E " S(#' "( . D$ 8 '?=$&'8, 659 5(8!9 := #'= 9 - '?'=' " , = =E6$Z[ ( '?8$". ^$ (8 '9649( 59 @ $, $ 68(5 ( 5 "(B - "'6$9 (8$: (8$ 3'6(= 9, 3( 5 '#' 3'6(= 9. > '=$9 #4$6$ &$ $"S 6$( 59 ([( '3" 8 W = V'8 6 V$=$ (=( ;" 5 8$. %" b$4!W 6 "$5 6'&!: 5 " 8 54 S 4'5! "(S ' M$5"'(, '" "( 8(4' 5 =E6$( N '. «R'54( 58' = " "$&"$S 4 3("! 56$3!?E. R' '8 5(?9 3'8$ ;" 5 8 65( V'3 4 ' '8"$ $8 '56 5 E6$4 4 M(, 63= # 65 '8" 6 ' S(8- ', &$3 8E6$459 #493(4 6 '4 "( '36 M"', ='"& (4!"', 'S"' 6ǭ'8 V' (4 ='" " ! #4 ?' ' 6 &(84Z. %" "( 6E=$M$4 " 3'6'4!5 6 9 ' '#', S ' M(" 59, M(" 59 5 '=', "$ <=$5"'B :'= (, " M(4$" 9 '6 3$ !59 5 "(6(5 'B, $ '4! ' '56 5 E6$4. 2 ?E4' 'S(6 3"', S ' M(" 59 '" '4! ' ''8 , S ' N '#' V' 9 ' (A 8$S(V$, ' '8 , S ' 6 3(=(6"( $ 'B M '?ES$B: 5E" M(" 59, S '?E 3'8$ ?E4$ '8'[" A$. f(&M$9, '" "( '=' 459 3(=M$4 5(?9 6''?[( "( $ , $ 6 ='W4E( 56' = (&3E, - ?E4 $ - ' '5'?(""' =$&69&(" #'6'= 4 "( ', S ' " M"'». > =( !(B #4$6( '?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ 56( 4'-&(4("'( 5 A(6'( 4$ !( ; 5 "! , 5W '( 56$3!?( ;" 5 8$ @ E. j(V'6 '54(3'6$ (4!"' ' 5E6$( (( $ =(58E $Z[((59. (7$ 6'5 ' ( X'55 6'3 59 6 3 #=(8 S(B &8( , ' '=$9 "$&E6$( 59 «M(4 '( ?=ZW '».) «>$=6$=( 5W 4 '= S"(6'( 4$ !( 5 S(="E8 = M(6$8 5' 5 ( 49= 5'8, $ ; 5 "!( - 56( 4'-&(4("'(, 5 M(4 'B #= 3!Z 5' W4(Bb'8». e' 9 =' '= " V 5 $&$"', S ' '" V4E5 '6 , 6 "$S$4( 6( $ N ' "( &"$S 4', "$ = 8(=, S ' '" V4(5 $4 3= # 3= #$. e4E5 E ?E4 '3"'B & 8"'#'-
345
S 54(""EV 5( 6 X'55 . := #'= Z 3$M( 3$( 59 '?8$" ! 36 V ?(3"EV 3(6 W( : «<'#3$ '= " V '"S 4 , ' k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». a ' ?E4 b$4!W 6E( 3("!# . ;6'= "$8( $( "$ C$8'='3'6$, 3= #$ 5''?[" $ ;" 5 8$, V8 ='#' [(3 W"'#' S(4'6( $ 5 =$5 6E8 'S(= '8, ' '=E8 "$ 5$"E 5!8$. R'5 ( (""' 5 $"'6 59 95"', S ' C$8'='3'6 = '6'3 V '3 '4!"E8 =(3 = 9 (8, "' ;" 5 8 659S(5 5 $=$( 59 "$? ! 5(?( A(" , V6$5 $95! 56'(B "('?E "'6(""'B "$?4Z3$ (4!"'5 !Z 5 '5'?"'5 98 '4 A(B5 '#'. <$ '4 A(B5 B $ 8 5'" &"$( , '3"$ ', S ' « =$5 ! 659 B 8'M( , 3$ 6' $ 5?(=(S!!». > N '8 4Z?' E "'8 (=5'"$M( 5 6'& $ $9- ' &$"9 "$9 8 5 $. R=(4(5 "' ' 5$"E = #' '64(" 9 56$3!?( "$5 ='(" ( ;" 5 8$ 6 A(= 6 . «g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».
346
7$ 8#"'6(" ( 6'&" $( «3( 5 $9» (8$. «R'54EW$459 =(6'M"EB 3( 5 B 4$S: «\ 4$9 8$8 $, "(5 8("9 ' 5Z3$, $5$ $!» - «D W( $8!» - = " 4 569[("" ». ^$ (8 '9649( 59 "'6EB (=5'"$M; g4 &$='6 ( ' ='&6 [ <'5 E4!) - 4' " '3=93S . a ' ='#$ (4!"'( 5 [(5 6', 'S("! 89# B "$ 6"EB "(8"'#' 6EM 6W B & 8$ S(4'6( . %" @ $ - '3 "$ '6' 89# (, ='5 E( 3'6(=S 6E( 4Z3 , '?$ '" 'S("! S(4'6(S"E, &$ ' 6 " V "( &6'=' 4 6'5 , = 5 [(B &4E8 (=5'"$M$8 =$55 $&$. <'5 E4! $ ? 3 ' '3$=(" =(36 3(" (8, '" " 6"' 5 =(8 59 =(3' 6=$ ! $ $5 ='b , ' '= Z '64(S( &$ 5'?'Z N $ 56$3!?$: «;" 5 8 E, 3( 'S $, 4Z? ( 3= # 3= M , M 6 ( '-?'M(5 , 3( 'S , A$= A$ "(?(5"$9 6$5 "( '5 $6 . <...> i( 'S, 3( 'S , 3( 'S ... - ?'=8' $4 '" ?E5 ='. - ; 5 "!ZW $-8$ W $, >$=6$= W $, ? 3(8 M ! 65( 6 8 =( 5'#4$5 , ' '= 8' 4Z?(&"E(...» %" "$&E6$( 4Z3(B 8("!W (4!"E8 8("$8 56' V "5 = 8(" '6. C(3!8'B '?8$". g[( '3"$ '38("$, ([( '3 " '?8$" ' "'5 59 6'4'5 "'8 5 $=W "( 6'4'5 "'8 5$=Z: '" , «54 M 6W ( 68(5 ( M( S( E="$3A$ ! 4( &$ 65( N ' 6=(89 "( '3 5$6W ( " '3"'B ? 8$# , "( ' 56W ( & 6'4'5 "'#' =$64(" 9 " '3"'#' S(4'6( $ ?(& '#', S '?E "( '?8$" ! "( '? 3( !, 5 3(4 ( (=! =93'8, '?$ '45 E(, 5E E(, $&$4'5!, S ' '" M( 3' $ 'B 5 ( (" =' $4 5! "( =$63'B, S ' 3$M( 'M$ "$ 4 A( " V ?E4$ $ $9- ' '5'?(""$9, 8'W("" S(5 $9». «R=' $4 5! "( =$63'B» - N ' (5 ! '3 " & 4(B 8'6'6 =$55 $&$. % 6$5 "( 5 '4!&" =$&"''?=$&"E( '3='?"'5 , 569&$""E( 5' 56$3!?'B: ?(3"EB ;" 5 8, =(3$Z[ B59 =$&8EW4(" 98 ' 56'(8 ?(35 6(""'8 '4'M(" , ' =' (, "$6 5W(8 "$3 " 8; $ $9- ' ?$?$, = S$[$9 "$ 36'=(: «7$5'5$4 5! "$W(B ='6 , ='3E, "( "$ 6$5 '# ?(4 !», &$8(S$ (4!"EB '= =( ; 5 "! : «f ; 5 "! ?E4 5(=E(, "$ 6"E( #4$&$, ' '=E( =(3 ' 8 #$4 , "$ 4 A( '5 '9""' #=$4$ "$ 6"$9 4E? $. 2 6 N V "(8 #$Z[ V #4$&$V, 6 8$4("! 'B #'4'6( "$ 34 ""'B W((, 6 (( 5 ='B"'5 ?E4' S '- ' &8( "'(; &(4("$9, 5 M(4 'B #= 3!Z, 5 4E? 'B, '"$ #493(4$, $ 6(5"'B & 8'4'3'B =M #493 "$ ='V'M(#' #$3Z $, 6E 9" 6W 5! '3"96 #'4'6 . e=E8 "E 3(=M$4 5! 5 "(B 6'4!"', &$8( "'
347
?E4' 'S("!, S ' 5' 5 $=W 8 & " V '"$ 3$6"' M( "$V'3 4$5! 6 ?4 & V ' "'W(" 9V. ; #4 V'B " S(#' "( '" 8$4, "( #493(4 "$ "((; '" 5 3(4, '4'M 6 "'# "$ "'# , (4 '=(V =$5 5E6$4 V $ #='8 ', S ' $&$4'5!, 5 =(494 & 5 '4( $. 7' 6' 5$8 5 $= kE? " 6EW(4 "$ 5=(3 " 6&8$V" 4 4$ '8, '3$6$9 &"$ , S ' '" 'M( V'S( 495$ ! = 55 Z, ' 65(8 3'8 6' 36'=( 6 '4 ( ='"(559 # 4 '3'?=(" 9: - C$8 6EW(4! C$8! R495$4$ >$=6$=$, $ 5 $= '4! ' '8$V 6$4 4$ '8 (=(? =$4 $?4 S $8 , "' (, ''=E( $8, 6' 36'=(, "$6 5$9 3= # "$ 3= #(, &$#493E6$4 6 ' "$, ?E4 6 6'5 '=#( "$ 8 " ='5 4 (8 65w - (#' ?'#$ 5 6', '? 3E. - \'4'3S "$ := #'= B R( ='6! - 54EW$4'5! 6 '4 (. D$ , 5 $=$B59! ^"$S , ([( 8'M(W! &$" 8$ !59! e$-V$! >5( N ' '"S 4'5! '&3"', 6' 6 '='8 S$5 "'S . ;" 5 8, 'W$ E6$95!, '?V'3 4 "$ ='[$"!( (6S V 8 &E $"'6 3$= 4 $M3'8 ' "'6'8 '4 "" . 2 5 $= , "( $S$95!, $ 65( $ - ' 5 $9 "$ '3" "'# , ='6'M$4 #'5 (B #'6'= 4 $M3'8 : - C6$3!?$ 36( E59S 5 ' 4$.
<'#3$ =$5V'3 4 5!, l $4'65 '#' =$ '?8(" 4 V'='W Z '33(6 "$ 5 $= Z, 65 EV" 4 5 $4 = S$ !: - C 'B! d 5E[ 5(BS$5! d &"$Z,
'N '
=[ $ '- ' ;" 5 8 63= #
=$4! C 'B!
%" 6E?(M$4 "$ 4 A , '#"$459 &$ (8- '; (#' 'B8$4 , '6(4 '3 = 3'8'B V" 4 (#', !9"'#', =$5"'#' ' #"(6$, 8' ='#', 6 '8"$ , #3( ( $ M( =$&3(6$4$ @ , &$ (=4 ». j(=(& 9 ! 3"(B ;" 5 8, 6$M$Z[ B >$=6$= &$ (( '=93'S"'5 !, = &"$( 59 (B, S ' '" 6 4Z? Z 8 " 8'M( ?E ! $=(5 '6$". <'#3$ '" (&M$( 6 #'='3, 54(3 ( &$8(S$ (4!"$9 5A("$: «<'#3$ 6E(&M$4 & '6=$#$ "$6(=V, ' ;" 5 8 65( '#493E6$459 "$&$3, "$ 5(4'. YE4 ( 4EB, 95"EB 3("!. > (=6EB =$& 6E#"$4 5 ' " ,
348
' '4' 5 $3$ V'3 4 3(6 W ?$?E, '3( E( '=$&3" S"'8 . Y =EB ?E =(6(4, =$3 95! 56'?'3(, =E4 (=(3" 8 "'#$8 &(84Z. >5Z3 , 66(=V 6" & , (4 M$6'='" . ;" 5 8 '#493E6$459 "$ A(= '6!, 5 ='B" Z, ?(4("! Z - (( "(3$6"' '?(4 4 , - 65 '8" 4, $ 9 ! 3"(B "$&$3 8'4 459 6 "(B; '#49" 459 "$ W '4 5 &(4("'B =EW(B, "$ =(S , 6 ' '='B '#3$- ' $459 3 4 =E? , =$3'5 ! '4EV" 4$5! 6 #= 3 , &$V' (4'5!, S '?E 63= # & &(84 6E='54$ 5 ("$ "( 5 4$ ?E (#' 3$4!W(, '" '5 $459 ?E '4! ' 5 '3" 8 ='W4E8». a ' (#' '54(3"99 8E54!.
***
; &$ (8 5 @ 'B =' 5V'3 S 3(5"$9 (=(8("$. :=(V ;" 5 8$ "( '4! ' '89 (#' @ , "' 5$8 '" $M( 59 @ ( V '4 A( 6'=(" (8, V' 9 '"$ 5'6(=W(""' "( =(35 $649( 5(?( (#' &$ $""'B M &" . D( (=!, '#3$ '" (V$4, '" ?'4!W( "( 9#' 9 ((, '"$ 56'?'3"$: «Y'5$9, 6 5 $='B, '"'W(""'B Z? (, &$5 S 6 = $6$ 3' 4(S, '"$ 8E4$ 6 5("9V 4(5 " A (4$ '" 8 5(=(?= 5 E8 #'4'5 '8, $ '#3$ 6E"'5 4$ ?'4!W Z 4'V$"! 5 '8'98 #493(4$ "$ 5'4"A( 5' 56'(B 3( 5 'B 4E? 'B, ' ?E4' 'V'M(, S ' N ' 'M( M$6'='"' ». D( (=! j(V'6 3'4M(" 5 =$6 !59 5 = 3"(BW(B &$3$S(B. %" V'S( 6'5 '4!&'6$ !59 (8, S ' @ $ "$ '"(A &$#'6'= 4$, S '?E &$5 $6 ! ((, 8'4S$4 6 Z, ?(554'6(5" Z, "$B 54'6$ &$#'6'= ! ' b$ $V, ' '=E( = 6(3 $ $5 ='b(. %"$ 5 <'5 E4(8 6'&6=$[$( 59 5 ?'#'8'4!9, 8$ ! 3( '&$3 , @ $ #'6'= : «; ( (=! ; 5 "! ?'Z5!... %"$ " S(#', 65( 58(V$( 59, $ '4! ' S$5'8 61"( 6 ' 'W ', $ #4$&E "(B $ ( 5(=3 E( #'=9 &(4("E(, 54'6"' 6 V4(6 '6AE. e=E8 "E \4$3W ( (( 5? 6$Z : «f 6$W(#' 5 $= $, #'6'=9 , (5 ! &(84 A$ Y w "', 3(59 " 5'=' , &(84 A$, #'6'=9 , 5 (5'S '8, 6'3$ (5 !, $ E, #'6'=9 , ; 5ZW$, '5 ='B ' 5(?( = S"EB &$6'3, 8E 6 3'4Z 6'B3(8». < = S ( (=! 36$3A$ ! = ?4(B E59S$. i(4' 5 '='(. >S(=$5! &$ '?(3'8 ; 5 "!9 #'6'= 5 $= : «d, #'6'= , V'S 6 Y -
349
w "( = S"EB &$6'3 5 $6 !, ? 3 5$8$ 5(?( S V$». :'6'= 58(V$( 59. ; := #'= B R( ='6 S 5 4 A$ ' (8"(4 ; 6 3"', "( '"=$6 4'5!. «R' $, #'6'=9 , 9 M 6, "(4!&9 6='&!, "$3' 65(8 68(5 (». ; '"$ #4$&$8 8( " 4$, & ?$8 &$5 = #' (4$... R'3$4 '4$3! - "( (5 !» <'#3$ '" '3'W4 8(M(6'8 5 '4? , <'5 E4! ' ='#$4 (#': ='S(" 4 , - 3( $4!, V$=$ (="$9 349 N '#' (=5'"$M$. > N ' 8 # '", @ $ 3(6 W , 5'? =$Z[ ( #= ?E, 6E#4939 5S$5 4 6E8 , "$ 6"E8 , 8 4E8 4Z3!8 "$ b'"( 5 =$3$" 9 "(5 =$6(34 6'5 . %" 65 =(S$Z 3 [ V 5 9=8$= : «D' ='(&M$4$ (4(#$, '3" 8$9 E4!, '&$3 ?(M$4$ "( ='3$""$9 4'W$3! 'S"' ?E4$ =$3$, S ' (( "( ='3$4 ...» \(M3 @ 'B 5S$5 4 6'B "( ='3$""'B 4'W$3!Z "$8(S$( 59 "(96"$9 5 86'4 S(5 $9 569&!. e'&9 " @ E 5S(&. 2 ([( '3 " 8'8(" , ' =$M$Z[ B (8 «3( 5 6$»: «%3"$ 5 $= V$ 6(4$ 8$4!S $ 6 ?'4!W'B W$ ( 6 ?'4!W V 5$ '#$V; 8$4!S &"(8'# ' M$=E 9M(4EV 5$ '#, ' '=E( "( 3$6$4 (#' "'#$8 5# ?$ !59 6 '4("9V, "' 65( M( &' 65(B 5 4E, "( (=(5 $6$9, 3 4 6 #= W(S" Z = ? ; M( 5 5 4 5! 6" & '6(=" 4 6 4 A , $ = ? 65( ([( ?E4' 54EW"'». @ $ = 58$ = 6$( 59 = 54 W 6$( 59 N '8 8$4!S , ' '8 S ' '"$ 5$8$ 3'4M"$ 5 '=' ='3 !. > 54(3 Z[(8 ' =E6 (: «...@ ( (( 8$ (= , ''=E( ='3 4 5! " [ 8 #' '6E ?E4 ='M ! $ 3' '"A$, ' 3$6$9 3= # 8 65(, ='8( 56' V 5 #$""EV, =' V 3 W, - ?E ! 8'M( , 8 = 8(=([ 4'5! "$ 8 " , S ' 6 N '8 #='8$3"'8 $ "5 6(""'8 8 =(, 6 S 54( ?(5 '"(S"'#' =93$ M &"(B '" 5 4$...» d V' (4 ?E '?=$ ! 6$W( 6" 8$" ( "$ 6E=$M(" (: « ='8( 56' V 5#$""EV, =' V 3 W». 2 ' 8( ! ( ([( =( =$5"'( &'?=$M(" ( 4( "(#' 6(S(=$: «7$ '"(A 6(=" 4 5! 3'8'B. f 6'=' ' '4' 4$6 5 3(4 "$ &(84( '5$= . %?E "'6(""' 56' 4((65 ( "( W4 kE? " =$?' $ !, = V'3 4'5! "$" 8$ ! S M V, ( (=! $&$4'5! 6 ' (8 $V, S ' 5 39 4Z3 5 34 ""E8 S(="E8 ?'='3$8 . @$6 $ ?E4$ ' (= $, 6 3"' ?E4' 6 36(=!, $ #4 V'B #=$4 5 8$4!S '8 6 W$W . <'5$= (4 V', S ! 54EW"', 4 #='8 ' ='5 4 ' 3$ ! 8 &$ 6S(=$W" B 3("!, "' 8 "( 4$ -
350
4 , S '?E '" "( W4 3' &$6 =$. C $= kE? " ?(& 5Z= $, 6 M 4( (, ; 5 "!9 =E4!A$ '3 ?(=(&'B 4 S$B; #'=(4$ "$ 5 '4( 4$8 $. - i(3 W $-a! - #'6'= 4 &$ 6'=' $8 '5$=!, $ ?E 3=$&"9. - ^$ 4$ V' ! '4'6 " ! i(3 W $-$!» 7$ 54(3 Z[(B 5 =$" A( := #'= B '" 8$( , S ' 5(=(?=9"E( = ?4 b$4!W 6E(, ' 3$( V ; 5 "!(, S '?E '"$ ?='5 4$ V 6 '4'3(A, "' '"$ ' 3$4$ V '5$=98. «%&'="$9 E ?$?$», - #'6'= := #'= B, 'W$=$W(""EB 65 =(6'M(""EB. «2 &$S(8 E ' 3$4$ 8("9 5Z3$, 8$8("! $?»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«DE 6E=$5 (W! ?'4!W'-'B, ?'4!W'B! Y 3(W! E 8 M - , 68(5 ( "$ '3(" 'B3(8! 7$ '3(" 'B3(8!» D'S"' $ M(, $ (( 5$8E( 9= ( 6'5 '8 "$" 9 3( 5 6$ 569&$"E 5 8E !(8 '4'6. «\$8("! $, ' S(#' 9 (#' $ 4Z?4Z? % S(#' 9 (#' M$4(Z $ ? - ='3'4M$4$ '"$ 3='#" 6W 8 #'4'5'8, #4$&$ "(( &$?4(5 (4 ' 54(&. - < ' '"? <$ 'B '" & 5(?9? @(# B, $ (=EW ', $ ='W(S $, $ 4Z?4Z (#', 4Z?4Z, $ "$5 '9[(#' S(4'6( $. >' '" " S(#' "( 8'M( , "( #'6'= , $ 9 65( '" 8$Z, S(#' '" 56' 8 #4$&'S $8 M(4$( ». a $ #4$6$ '"S$( 59 (8, S ' ;" 5 8$ = #'6$= 6$Z W(5 #'3$8 $ '=M"EV =$?' 55E4$Z 6 C ? =!. ^$(8 ([( '3"$ =(4(5 "$9 '3='?"'5 ! - 5 $=EB := #'= B #'6'= : «C 3("!#$8 8("9 "(V'='W'. R'8" W!, ;" 5 8 (=(3 56$3!?'B "$ O'8 "'B = 6(& 8"( "'6EV = ?4(B '4 "" '6? C6(= 'S( - ' '3 " 9 '#3$ 5 =9-
351
$4, $ ='S ( $ ( 9 58(W$4 5' 56' 8 ... 2 '#3$- ', A$=5 6 ( "(?(5"'(, M 6 ?E4 3939 8'B, i8 = B O 4$ES, 65(, ?E6$4', &$ '6$='8 (&3 4 ' 6 \'5 6 , ' 6 <=E8. YE4$ "(#' M("$, N $ 5$8$9 M("$, ' $ '", &"$S , &$ '6$='8 (&3 4, 5 3= # 8 # 494$. l(5 (=' 3( (B ?E4'. 2 6' , ?E6$4', 393("! $ $ 6E !( , ' 58(( 59: «7 $ , #'6'= , 9 "( =$&?(= , #3( 8' 3(, $ #3( S M (». @(# B V$=$ (=, &"$S . D$ 9 ((=! "( =$&?(= , $ ( 8("9 3("!# "$5 '9[ ( $( b$4!W 6E(. 2 $M( 59, S ' '" 65( b$4!W 6E(. - 7 , 6' , Y'# 5 '?'B! - R' $Z "$ 6' &$4( ? 4( , 3$Z = ? 3 ' '" b$4!W 6E(.
= ?49,
3 8$( 59 8"(,
2 5 =$W"' 8"(. i'4M"', "(&3'='6». C N 'B 8 " E "(#' 8(W$( 59 =$55 3' , 6(="((, '" S 65 6 ( 5(?9 5 $5(""E8.
«%" ' 6'= 4 36(=! @ . %"$ '3'W4$
5'#" E8 $4!A(8 '8$" 4 "(8 5 =(?(" '8 "$ = $V.
5(?(
- DE, @ E"! $, (54 S ' " M"', 5 =$W 6$B, - 5 $&$4 '". - 2 S ' &$V'S(W!, W$B, 8E "( M$4((8, ?E4$ ?E &3'='6$... - %" (=( =(5 4 =(?(" $. - 2 6" S $ ?(=(# . CE"$ "( , $ 6" S( '5 $459. C4(&E ' ( 4 "(#' ' [( $8; '" 65V4 7(8"'#' '#'39 '" 4(# 5 $ ! 5" 4 =( ?(55'""EV "'S(B».
" 4 ' 'W(4. ', '54( 5(8
a ' ?E4$ 5S$5 4 6(BW$9 @ "$ "'S! - 3' M$5"EV 5W(5 6 B, ' '=E( '54(3'6$4 &$ "(B.
='-
***
:= #'= B W( &$6([$" (, ' "(8 &(849 6 Y w "(, "$ ' '='B ; 5 "!9 M#4$ = S, (=(V'3 7 b'= . ; 5 "!9 6 9='5 . «aB, C ( $"! - '&6$4$ '"$ #4 V'#'. -
352
R'(3(8 6 '3" 8 " 3'8'B! < 8'(8 ' A , 8$ (= '(3(8, 5 $=(5 $" $8 9 "( V'S M !! C'? =$B59! >' 36'=( "$ =' 9" EV 6(=(6 $V 6 5(4' ?(4!(; '"$ 5=E6$4$ 56' Z? 'b 'S , ([( 8' =E(, ?='5$4$ V "$ = #4 V'8 . R' '8, =$&c9=(""$9, '"$ 8( $4$5! ' 36'= ' '4' ?(4!9, 5=E6$4$ 65(, ', S ' ?E4' "( ((, ?='5$4$ "$ &(84Z ' $4$. - %B, ?$ ZW , B8 ( ((! - 5 '"$4$ >$=6$=$. - j ' M( '"$ $ '(? % 3$B ( (B Y w "', ' 3$B (, =$3 e= 5 $ "(?(5"'#'!» ^$ (8
=' 5V'3
4!8 "$A 9.
«; 5 "!9 6?(M$4$ 6 V"Z, #3( 6 N ' 6=(89 ?E4$ 5 = $. C =$4$ '3"$ @ $, $ V$= $ 'W4$ "$ =( '4'5 $ ! ?(4!(. % '=E $ ' 4$ ' '4' 4 E W(4 $=, 6 V"( ?E4' 3 W"' 5 4' ' 8$"$. 7$ '4 ?E4$ ([( S$ "(8E '#' ?(4!9, ' '4' "(#' "$ 5 $8!(, &$3 =$9 56' =$5"E( "'M , 4(M$4 7 b'=, $ S ' (54 ?E '" $4, ' "( W ?59 ?E. <$ =$&, '#3$ ; 5 "!9 6'W4$, @ $ 6E" 4$ & S (( 5'='S '4'M 4$ 6 '=E ', M( =' 9" 4$ = ?'4!W'8 '6W 5 9 '8, ' '=EB 5 '94 "$ 5 '4(... - % 3$B 5Z3$! - ='#'6'= 4$ ; 5 "!9, #4939 "$ "(( 5 "("$6 5 !Z, 6EV6$ 4$ & '=E $ 5'='S . - 7( 6'( N ' 3(4' 8'( ?(4!( ='#$ !! DE $=(5 $" $ 3'4M"$ &"$ ! 56'( 8(5 ', ' E (5 !! @ $ #493(4$ "$ "((, ' '=' (6, "( '" 8$4$, "' 63= # 4'6 4$ 6ǭ, $ 'B $ ?='5 4$ "$ =(?(" $, 63= # '"94$ 659 '8(= 6(4$... - >&94$ 8'Z &(84Z, $ 6' M( (?(!
C $&$6W N ', ; 5 "!9 5V6$ 4$ '6W 5 9 '8 4(5" 4$ "$ 7 b'=$. R'54( N '#' '54EW$459 = , $ '#' ([( " '#3$ "( 54EV$4 6 f 4((6(, "( 6(= 4'5!, S ' "(?'4!W'(, 54$?'( 5 [(5 6', $ @ $, 8'M( = S$ ! $ . 2 "$ 36'=( 63= # 5 $4' V'. ; 5 "!9 ='W4$ 6 3'8 8'4S$, 5' 56'(B =(M"(B "$ 6"'B 4E? 'B... :4 V'B 65( V'3 4 ' 36'= , 3(=M$ 6 'V$ ( ?(4!(, ' '8
353
5 $4 =$&6(W 6$ ! (#' ' 9 !, 8'4S$, "( 5 (W$. 2 ' $ "( 6(=" 4$5! V$= $ 5 =( , " ' "( =(W$459 6'B 6 V"Z 61" !, S ' $8». >=$# " S 'M(", ; 5 "!9 6"'6! 4E?$( 59, &(849 $6 '8$ S(5 (=(W4$ "(B. :4 V'B, =$&6(W 6$Z[ B ?(4!(, - #(" $4!"$9 S(V'65 $9 "$V'3 $.
***
i( 5 $9 (8$ ='3'4M$( 59, '#3$ @ $ 3( (W '8 6(5! 3'4# B-3'4# B ! & ?'4!" AE. g( =(?("' 8(=, '"$ "(5( (#' (4', &$6(=" '( 6 '3(94'. «@ $ 5 5 4$5! ' 3'='#( , "( 3'V'39 3' '5(4 $, 5(4$ 8$4("!'#' = 3$. <$ $9- ' M("[ "$ = 6(4$ 4'W$3! ' !, 4'W$3! "( 4$. - j(#' M( (?( ([(? - #'6'= 4$ M("[ "$ V', 6 "(3'8(" . - j(#' M( (?(? \$4!S 6 =$5"'B = ?$V(, 5 39 5$8'B 6'3E, 8E4 ' A'65 ( 5$ '# . 2 ?'4!W( " 3 W "( ?E4' 6 3"' " 6 '5(4 (, " "$ #'=(. - 7( !( ... - 5 $&$4$ @
$, #4939 "$ 4'W$3!».
7$ N "(?'4!W Z #= " M"' '?=$ ! 6" 8$" (. \$4!S - "( ((. >59 N $ #= $ 5 86'4 & = ( 5(8(B"'( 5S$5 !(, ' '='( "(( ' "9 '. % 8( ! ( "("$&'B4 6'5 ! S(V'65 '#' 5 86'4 &8$. «7' 6' M("[ "$ 8$4!S 5 5$ '#$8 W4 , M( " '#' "( ?E4' 6 3"'. C'4"A( 4(#4' 5 $ ! =E4'5! ?$#=9"'B &'4' 'B $=S'B, 34 ""E( '?4$ $, =$5"E( 4 4'6E(, 5 '='M 4 (#' ' 'B, =' 9" 6W 5! ' "(? . :3(- ' 3$4( ', "( &6(5 "' #3(, = S$4$ 6E !, 'S"' '='6$, &$ (= $9 6 5$=$(, &$ "E6"' #4 V'. <= N 'B $"5 6(""'B AE 54EW$4 $M3 Z 6(5" , "' "( &"$4 , $ $9 '"$ #3( M 6( . 7$6(=V 6 ?'4!" A(, 5$8'#' = 3$ 6 5 $V, &$ '5(4 '8 = #'8 6 '4( &$4 6$4 5! 5'4'6! . j! - ' #'3$ 5S $4$ W $ 65( 5? 6$4$5! 5' 5S( $ ' 9 ! "$S "$4$. > = 3( 5(=3 ', "$3=E6$-
354
95!, (=( 4 $4 5! 49# W , 3$M( 8'M"' ?E4' =$&'?=$ ! 54'6$: « 2 E $ '6$! 2 E $ '6$!» <$ 'B ?E4 W 8! <$&$4'5!, S ' 65( N 6$= = S$4 (4 "$='S"', S '?E " ' "( 5 $4 6 N ' 6(5("" B 6(S(=, S '?E 65(, 3$M( 5(=3 E( 49# W , 3'='M 4 "$54$M3$4 5! $M3'B 8 " 'B: 6(3! M &"! 3$( 59 '4! ' '3 " =$&!» e'='W B 5$ (4! ' 4 S$( 59 ' 4'V'#' M( (8, S ' 4'V'#' '?ES"' '( '3 " 5'4'6(B, $ 6 'W4EV 5 V$V, $ V'='W(#' - &$4 6$Z 59 "(5 '4! ', $ 6 = ='3(. @Z3 , ' '=EV 65 =(S$( @ =([(""E8 5 = "E8 "$ 59 3= # 8 6 4 ""'8 56( (. « - >E 569 E(? - 5 ='5 4$ @
$
$, 6(='9 "', '=#'6AE &$$8 , "' @ ( '" $M 5 $=
$.
- 7( . \E & O =5$"'6$.
- DE 3$6(S$ 61" 4 "$ 8("9, $ 5(=3A( 8'( '89#S 4'. (R'S ? ?4(B5 $9 " '"$A 9 6 = 55 '8 ( 5 (.) 2 $=("! V B. d '3 8$4$: N ', 3'4M"', 569 E(. - D(?( 3$4(S( 4 ? - > f 4((6'.
- C$3 5!, '36(&(8 3' < &!8("' . D(?( $8 =98', "$8 64(6'. >$6 4$ 5(4 "$ '36'3 5 ?'S 'B, 5 $= @ $ 5(4 "$ 3= # Z. R'(V$4 W$#'8, >$6 4$ 6 (=(3 . - \'B 5E"'S( 6(5! 3("! 8 S 459, - 5 $&$4$ @ $. - :493 56' 8 #4$&'S $8 8'4S , V'S( 5 $&$ !, "( 8'M( . :'5 '3 ?$ ZW $, A$= A$ "(?(5"$9! d 5 #'=9 $ 65( $3$4$ "$ '4. C 'Z $3 6'&4( ='6$ . 2 5 $M 8"(, 3(3 W $, &$S(8 8$4("! '8 (=(3 58(= !Z 8 S !59? <'#3$ 8 S$( 59 ?'4!W'B S(4'6( , 8 M 4 M("[ "$, ' #=(V ='[$Z 59, $ &$S(8 8$4("! '8 , '#3$ "(#' "( #=(V'6? ^$S(8? -;
' M (#' &"$( ! - ' 6(
4 5 $=
. R='(V$4 5 '4S$5$ 8'4S$.
- >5(#' &"$ ! "(4!&9, &$S(8 3$ $ , - 5 $&$4 5 $= . R A( '4'M("' "( S( E=( =E4$, $ 36$, ' '8 S '
355
"$ 36 V 4( ( ! 5 '5'?"'; $ S(4'6( '4'M("' &"$ ! "( 65(, $ '4! ' '4'6 " 4 S( 6(= !. C '4! ' "$3' (8 &"$ !, S '? ='M !, 5 '4! ' &"$( .<...> - 7 S(#'... - '6 '= 4 '". - D6'( #'=( 5 '4#'=9. h &"! 3'4#$9, - ? 3( ([( V'='W(#' 3 ="'#', 65(#' ? 3( . >(4 $ 8$ W $ X'55 9! - 5 $&$4 '" '#493(4 6 '?( 5 '='"E. - d 6' 65(B X'55 ?E4 65( 6 "(B 6 3(4, E 8'(8 54'6 6(=!, 8 4$9. Y 3( V'='W((, ? 3( 3 ="'(. d V'3' '8 6 C ? =! V'3 4, "$ ;8 =( ?E4, "$ ;4 $(, 6 C ? =! (=(5(4 459, &(84Z $8 $V$4, 5'5 S 459 ' '8 ' 8$ W ( X'55 "$&$3 6(=" 459 6 ='3" Z 3(=(6"Z. 7$&$3 6 X'55 Z (W '8 W4 ; '8"Z, 4E6(8 8E "$ $='8(, $ 9 V 3'B-V 3'B, =6$"EB 6(5!, ?'5'B, '&9?, 5'5 '= , $ ='(&M B #'5 '3 " $ 'B' "$ $='8(, - (54 '8(=, ' k$=5 6' (8 7(?(5"'(, #493 "$ 8("9 M$4'5 "', 54(&E ( . «aV, #'6'= , V4(? 6'B S(="EB, 3" 6' S(="E(...» ; 3'8'B = (V$4, $ #'6'= 59, " '4$ " 36'=$; ?$?$ ?E4$, 3$ 6 C ? = '5 $4$5!, &$ ' $4 . D$ , 6 ?$ =$ $V M 6 . ; S ' M? C $M (?(: ' '8 ?E4' 3 ="'(, ?E4' V'='W((. >' '8 =$ ! "( V'S( 59, 8 4$9, ([( ?E #'3'S '6 36$3A$ ! 'M 4; &"$S , V'='W(#' ?E4' ?'4!W(. ; 6(4 $ 8$ W $ X'55 9! - 5 $&$4 '", ' 9 ! '58' =(4 6 5 '='"E, '#49" 459. <...> <'#3$ @ $ 6(=" 4$5! 3'8'B, ' 5 ' "E ([( "( 6E#'"94 ; 65( 5 $4 . %"$ 5 3(4$ "$ =E4!A( M3$4$. R(=6EB 6EW(4 5 $= ; '" 5=$& , 5 (=6'#' 6ǭ$ '"94, S ' =' &'W4', 3'4#' "( 8'# 6E#'6'= ! " 54'6$ '4! ' S8' $4 # ?$8 . - aV, @ $, - ='#'6'= 4 '", - "( ?(=(#4$ E 6" S $... X$&? 3 4 >$=6$= . %"$ 65 4(5" 4$ = $8 &$=E3$4$, ' S$5 M( 5 $4$ ? =$ ! =(?(" $. - 2 8$4!S - ' ?E4 V'='W("! B... - %V- (V- (... %3 " ?E4 8$4!S , #4 ("! $9...»
= #'6$= 6$4$ '"$. '#' "( ?(=(#4$,
Y(&#=(W"'B @ ( 3$M( "( = W4' 6 #'4'6 =$55 $&$ ! 4Z398, S ' (( =(?(" $ ? 4$ ; 5 "!9. C(8!9 96"' '6(= 4$, S ' @ $ ' "('5 '='M"'5 54 S$B"' 'W $= 4$ =(?(" $, (=(6(=" 6 '6W 5 9 '8.
356
R'54( $" V 3E «@ $ = 54 M 6$4$ &$ 5 '4'8, ?$ZW $, '3"96 6 4 , "$ ' '='B ?E4 5'4("EB =EM , 5 $&$4 (B: - 7( #'=ZB ( ' 84$3("A(. D$ '6EV (5 ! k$=5 6 ( 7(?(5"'(.
2 '4! ' '#3$ 65( =$&'W4 5!, @ $ '"94$ $ 54(3 ( , S '7 b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». D'" $9 " !, 569&E6$6W$9 @ 5 N 8 '"$ "$65(#3$ V'3 ' 5Z3$.
8 3'8'8,
'=6$4$5!,
'N '-
D$B"'( 5 $"'6 59 96"E8 65(#3$ 65Z3 , '4! ' "( 5 ; 5 "!(B. \(V$" S(5 ( 56'B5 6$ >$=6$= "EV 3'?='3((4(B =( =$5"' =' 44Z5 = ='6$"E (8, $ '"$ 6$= 6$=("!(: (#' 54 W '8 8"'#', '"' &$5$V$= 6$( 59 5 $"'6 59 "(5c(3'?"E8. \E 65 '8 "$(8, S ' ?(3"$9 @ $ $ 4Z? 4$ (#'. >$=("!( 85 >$=6$=(. R 5!8$ ' ;" 5 8$, "$ 5$""E( (8 M( 6(4 '4( "E8 'S(= '8, 65( 3 3 - 6 3"', (#' 3= M' C$8'='3'6 ' ?E6$( 68(5 ( 5 " 8 5=' "$ 5 ? =5 V = 3" $V, $ S ' &3(5! =$63$ 6EV'3 "$= M . «d 65( ?'4(Z , 8"( 9M ', '8'# (, =$3 e= 5 $».
357
R'4 ?(& 8"EB 5 $= := #'= B, M$4 B, 65(8 &$?E EB, 5$8EB 56( 4EB #'4'5 5 "E 6 =$55 $&(: «%3"$M3E - N ' ?E4' 6 95"EB '5("" B 3("!, (=(3 6(S(='8 - 5 $= kE? " 5 3(4 ' '4' A(= '6"EV 6'=' , '3"96 6'=' " 56'(B W ?E, 6 3(" ?E4 '4! ' (#' "'5 '&E=( ' b =$M . 7$ 3= #'8 '"A( 34 ""'B 4$6 5 3(4 '3=93S g4 &$='6 =93'8 5 " 8 W '4!"EB 5 '='M d '6, 5 $= 4( 5(8 3(59 , ?(& & ?'6. <'5 E4! 5 '='M =$&#'6$= 6$4 . - i( 3'4M"E '=8 ! 5 $= '6, ' !... S ' A$ 6'(#' 8$ !, - #'6'= 4 d '6 5 =$&3=$M(" (8, - $ '"$, "(6(5 $- ', 6E#"$4$ 56( =$ & A'?5 6(""'#' 3'8$. C $= " '(5 !, " ' ! 3$ 'B3( ? D=( B 3("! "( (6W . - D=(
B 3("!! - 3 6 459 <'5 E4!.
- >' $ 5 3 , 65( 8'4S . %54$?. ; S(#' 8'4S$ !? R'3$ ! 6 5 3, - (( ? 6 5 3( "( 'V6$4 4 . - <'#' 6 5 3( V6$4 4 ? - 5 ='5 4 <'5 E4!, "( =$554EW$6. - j(#'? - Y$?$ " S(#', 5 $=$ (4!"$9. > &9... ?(& #=(V$ ' (5 !...
V"(8 3(4( ?(& N '#' "(4!-
- 2& A'?5 6(""'#' 3'8$, - ='3'4M$4 d '6 5 =$&3=$M(" (8. - 7$M 6 56'B 3'8, '#3$ #'" . a $, "$W4$5! $$9, '3 8$(W!! d-$&-6$! kE?
" 54 W$4
"( W(6(4 459.
- C'?5 6(""EB 3'8 4 S M'B, 65( =$6"', 4 W! ?E ( 4' ?E4' 3$ ?$?E "( = #$4 5!... - 5 $&$4 <'5 E4! &$58(9459. - <'#3$ 6 8'4'3EV 4( $V ?E4, 9 'S("! 56'Z 7$5 $5!Z M$4(4. Y$?'S $ ?E4$ V$9. 2, ?E6$4', 65(: «< , \$$=ES, 3'8! < , \$ $=ES, 3'8! < , \$ $=ES, 4'W$3!!» f8 =$4$, $ 65( #'6'= 4$: «< , \$ $=ES, 5(?( 3='M -?(# "AE, S '? (W "( V'3 !». ; 9 '4! ' =9" (B ' $4, ?'4!W( " S(#'. - \ M- ' #4 V'B, #4 EB, - ='3'4M$4 d '6, "( 54 W$9 <'5 E49, - $ , 3 =$ 3 =$ '8, 65( =$6"' S ' # 5!. 7(-
358
W ' '" 8'M( ' "( 'B8( .
'" 8$ !? f3$=! # 59
' #'4'6(
$4 'B -
<'5 E4! 65 $4, S '?E 3 3'8'B "$ b$?= . d '6 'M( 65 $4, '?$ 'W4 68(5 (, ='3'4M$9 =$&#'6$= 6$ !. <'#3$ '" ' 'W4 W$#'6 "$ 9 !3(59 , 5 $= kE? " 'M( 65 $4 ' 4(459 &$ " 8 , 5 $9 "(=(W (4!"', 'S"' ' 5 '4!& '8 4!3 ». R'964(" ( "'6'#' (=5'"$M$, 5 $='#' ?(&& ?'#' 5 '='M$ d '6$, 6 N 'B '54(3"(B #4$6( - ([( '3"$ #(" $4!"$9 "$V'3 $ j(V'6$, "$ '8 "$Z[$9 ' '8, S ' M &"! ='3'4M$( 59; V' 9 =$55 $& '"S$( 59, '" ? 3( ='3'4M$ !59, ' (S( 3$4!W(, $ (S( 5$8$ M &"!, 68(5 ( 5 "'6E8 5 $=E8 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A$8 . %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ '?'?[(" ( 6 '"A( =$55 $&$: «C(4' M( '" 4' 6 6(S(=" V 5 8(= $V, 5'4"A( ?4(5 (4' '4! ' 66(=V "$ 3'='#(, ' '=$9 &8((B ?(M$4$ ' 5 $ 5" & 66(=V». Y4(5 9[ B &8( "EB V6'5 , 5 86'4 ; 5 "! , 5 "(( 5S(&$( 6 5 ' 'B"'8 ?4$M("5 6( "'S . «>'&6=$[$4 5! 5 $= V & 4(5$ 5 " 8 =(?9 $; "(54 '=& "E 5 6'4" W $8 #= &398 . l4 ?$?E 3(6 '4 'B 5' 5 $"A , #3( '" "$#= M$4 6$#'"E = S'8, "'5E [( '3 #4$&$8 " V ?E4 '=E E =$5"'B = S"'B E4!Z. %" (4 . > (=(3 65(V W4$ @ $ (4$ '" 8 #'4'5'8 &$4 6$4$5!, #4939 66(=V "$ "(?', 'S"' '=M(5 6 9 6'5V [$95!, S ' 3("!, 54$6$ Y'# , '"S 459 8'M"' ' 3'V" !. > '4 ( ?E4$ (( 8$ !, '3("[ A$ R=$5 '6!9, ' '=$9 W4$ 5 &(4 '8 6 = ( , $ 65(#3$, 9M(4' 3EW$4$. - ^3=$65 6 B, \$ $=ES! - 5 $&$4$ @ 5 6 B, #'4 ?S !
$, 6 3(6 <'5 E49. - ^3=$6-
- ^3=$65 6 B, @ E"! $! - '?=$3'6$459 <'5 E4!. - Y$?'S , 3(6'S , '4Z? ( ?'#$ '#' 4' " $! e'-V'! i('S 8' , 3( 'S (<'5 E4! 65V4 " 4). D' '= 8' 4Z?(&"E(». <'5 E4! "( 5$8EB #4$6"EB, "' 6 '?[(8 3'?=EB #(" B N 'B 5 '= - '" M 6( $ 6 S$3 , '" ='&"(5 3'?=E( "$ 5 6(""E( 54'6$ "$ 56$3!?(, $ ?E E $95! ("' [( "') =(3' 6=$ ! "(5S$5 !(. C $= := #'= B 6$( 59 54(&$8 - 54$?EB 8'4S$4 6EB <'='4! @ =. «<'5 E4! d '6 ='W4 3$4!W(,
359
?E4' 54EW"', $ '" =$&#'6$= 6$4 . >' '54( 65 =( 459 '4 ( 5 $= kE? ", 5 $4' 63= # V'. @ $ R=$5 '6!9 "(8"'M ' ' 5 $4 , , '#3$ = '=$6"9459 5 " 8 , @ $ ' 4'" 4$5! " & ' &$4$:
" V V'5 $5 $-
- ^3=$65 6 B (, := #'= B R( ='6 S!
2 8$ ! 'M( ' 4'" 4$5!. C $= '5 $"'6 459 , " S(#' "( #'6'=9, 58' =(4 "$ '?( V; # ?E "(#' 3='M$4 , #4$&$ ?E4 '4"E 54(&. @ $ 3'5 $4$ & &(4 $ 8$ (= 5' ='#$ 5 $W(B '3$4$ (8 . %" 6&94 5 $4 (5 !. C'4"A( M( 5'65(8 &$W4'; ?4(5 (#' '#$5 66(=V "$ 3'='#(. C $"'6 4'5! (8"' ='V4$3"'. @ $ R=$5 '6!9 'W4 3$4!W( 3'4#' ' '8 =(5 4 5!». @ $ ' 9 ! $ M(, '"$ =$5 6'=9( 59 6 (5"(, 5S$5 4 6$9 6 56'(8 (5"'8 8 = (, 569&$""$9 "(&= 8E8 &$8 5' 56' 8 8(= 6E8 =(?(" '8 6 N V ='V4$3"EV 5 8(= $V, 6 "(6 ""'5 56'(B, 5$8$ '#' "( 5'&"$6$9, "(5( 56'(8 Y'# ='&'6 Z E4! = S(B, '5S$5 4 6 6W V ; 5 "!Z.
«
» (1896)
> 1896 #. «j$B $» ='6$4 4$5! 6 ;4( 5$"3= "5 '8 ($ =( 6 R( (=? =#(, &$ ' S(=(& 36$ #'3$ 8(4$ '#='8"EB 5 (V 6 \'5 '65 '8 e 3'M(5 6(""'8 ($ =(. R(=6$9 N 5 '& A 9: =$&#'6'= 36 V N &'3 S(5 V (=5'"$M(B, 3(6 W \$W 3(=(6("5 '#' S (49 \(36(3(" ', =( =$5"' (=(3$( 8$"(=E "$5 ='(" ( '?' V. 2& "(#' M( 8E &"$(8 ' 36 V #4$6"EV 3(B5 6 Z[ V 4 A$V: "$S "$Z[(B $ = 5( 7 "( ^$=(S"'B 'N ( D=( -
360
4(6(, - '5 $6 6W V 4Z? (4!5 B 5 ( $ 4! 6 $= '6'B $44((: «%" 64Z?4("E 3= # 6 3= #$, 5(#'3"9 V 3 W 5'4!Z 59 6 5 =(84(" 3$ ! '3 " ' M( V 3'M(5 6(""EB '?=$&», - #'6'= S (4! 6E5' 8 5 4(8, 5 '4! 56'B5 6(""E8 = 55 8 '4 " (44 #(" $8. f "(#' (5 ! 56' = S "E 349 N '#' - '" 5$8 64Z?4(". D(8 "( 8("(( " M"' = &"$ !, S ' 65 4(" ( &4 W"( =98'4 "(B"'. j(V'6, $ 2?5(", 65(#3$ 5 =(8 459 6E5 $&$ !59 5 '4"'B ' =(3(4(""'5 !Z, $ 8'M"' ?E5 =((. C'= ", =EV4EB 3'?='3 W"EB '8([ , &$V'3 &$ 56' 8 4(89"" '8 D=( 4(6E8; ' "(=6" S$( &-&$ !(5E. X$?'S (, 6'&36 #$Z[ ( 5A(" , '3V'39 5''?[$Z , S ' '" 3 $ !59. \(M3 (8 5 $= C'= " ='5 \$W (=(3$ ! ' A ( =$649Z[(8 (#' 8(" (8), S '?E '" ' 69&$4 5'?$ "$ "'S!. «:'6'= ( 5 8' 8 ' A'8 5$8 », - ' 6(S$( '"$, 3$6$9 (8 ' '=. 2& 8 (4!"'-(5 (5 6(""EB V'3 6 !(5(, 5A( 4(" ( "(4( EV 8(4 V 3( $4(B, '3"'6=(8(""' 5'6(=W(""' =$63 6EV 8(""' &3(5! ' =E6$( 59 S(V'65 B $4$" . >' 6 '='B N 5 '& A D=( 4(6 ?(5(3 ( 5 393(B ' 56'(B 8$ (= , ='b(55 '"$4!"'B $ = 5(, =(6" 6' ' "'59[(B59 8'4'3'B 5 '4" (4!" A( (#' !(5E. > (( = 5 5 6 "(4!&9 '8 "$ ! ' i &(. «R' ='? B 'V6$4 ! ((!» - 6'5 4 A$( D=( 4(6. f 3= #'#' $6 '=$ '4"EB '= =( #(=' " 6 ='4'#( 5 $4 ?E #" 5"E8 '?=$&S '8 =$3 A '""'B 3=$8$ =# , 6 S$5 "'5 ' '8 , S ' 8'4'3'B S(4'6( '?=$[$( 59 (( 5'?5 6(""'8 ?=$ ; "' '3"'B '4! ' 5 4'B $4$" $ j(V'6 3$( 59 =('3'4( ! ((. >5( 3( $4 'S("! &$?$6"E: "(( 70 E59S 6 ?$" (, "' ' ='5 "(( 6&$B8E, '"$ 5 $"( 4$ $ !. ^$ (8 '" #'6'= ' 5'6=(8(""'8 ($ =(, "$&E6$9 (#' = "'B, ' (#' 'W4'B '?E6$ (4!5 'B 8'=$4 ' "'6EV b'=8$V, ' '=E( '" V'S( 5'&3$ !; #'6'= ' 5(?(, ' 56'(8 " & (4!"'8 '4'M(" 5E"$ $= 5 , ' '=$9 65(#3$ ' = M("$ &"$8(" E8 $= 5 $8 5$ (498 . \'"'4'# 3'6'4!"' 34 ""EB. % 6(S$9 "$ 4'6 ' '5 $64(""EB 6' ='5 ' D= #'= "(, '" #'6'= ' "(8, ' 3= #( (#' 8$ (= , 4 (=$ '=(, S ' '" 8 4, $4$" 4 6, "' '54( D'45 '#' ^'49 "( &$V'S(W! S $ ! (#'. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ ', S ' ^'49 '89" 654(3
361
&$ D'45 E8 - V$=$ (="' 349 8'4'3EV $6 '='6 '"A$ 90V ##., 'V'M V "$ D=( 4(6$. R'9649( 59 7 "$. %"$ ?'94$5!, S ' ' (A, 5'5(3" B '8([ , "( ' 5 ((. C'= " 5'&E6$( ?4 , ' '8 S ' 65V'3 4 "$ '=$ "$S "$ ! =(35 $64(" (. %?=$( 6" 8$" ( "$ 36$ S"' S(V'65 V '6'=' $: C'= " "$ (6$( "$S$4!"E( 5 =' & W ?(= '65 'B (5" , &$ (8 '?=E6$( 5(?9 5' 58(V'8 =$55 $&E6$( 'W4 Z 5 '= Z ' '8, $ '- ' S '- ' &$8( 4 '3"$M3E ' (#' (" ; '#3$ 7 "$ D=( 4(6 '5 $Z 59 '3" , '" A(4 Z 59, 63= # 5=$& M( '54( N '#' '"$ 5 =$W 6$( : «a ' $ '( 3(=(6'?» - %" ' 6(S$( , S ' N ' 69&. - «% S(#' '"' $ '( (8"'(?» - ='3'4M$( '"$. a 8(4'S '?c95"9Z 4 SW(, S(8 65( S ' ?E4' &'?=( ("' 3' j(V'6$, 8(S $ (4!" Z ?(5 '8'["'5 ! S(4'6(S(5 V 5 [(5 6: 5 $= , 5 '6(= $6W B 56'Z M &"!, '"S(""$9 3(6 W $, ' '=$9 " '#3$ "( ? 3( 5S$5 4 6$. >'&6=$[$Z 59 =$?' " . R'=$ "$S "$ !. 7 "$ #'6'= ' 56'(8 5 =$V( =$8 E: '"$ 3'4M"$ #=$ ! (=(3 D= #'= "E8, $6 '='8 ' 4 S"EV =$55 $&'6. «7( &"$Z, "( S $4», - V'4'3"' &$8(S$( D=( 4(6. <= , ' '=E( 4Z?9 '38(S$ ! '3'?"E( 6([ , M( 5$4 ' '8, S ' (54 5 $=(Z[$9 $ = 5$ ;= $3 "$ =(6" ( 4Z? (4!5 'B $ = 5( 7 "(, ' $ '4! ' 8(S $Z[(B '? $ (=5 'B $=!(=(, ' (( 5E", "( 3$S" 8$4''3$=(""EB 8'4'3'B 5$ (4!, =(6" 6' ' "'5 59 3(B5 6 (4!"' $4$" 4 6'8 5$ (4Z D= #'= " ('S(6 3"', 36'B" 5$8'#' j(V'6$, 'M( ='b(55 '"$4!"'#' 4 (=$ '=$). R= V'3 ?4 $. C"$S$4$ i'=", 'M 4'B 3' '=, M("$ l$8=$(6$, =$649Z[(#' 8(" (8 C'= "$, 5 $=$9 4Z?'6! i'="$. ^$ (8 6V'39 ;= $3 "$, C'= ", D= #'= ", \$W$ \(36(3(" '. l$8=$(6 5 =$W 6$( ;= $3 " ' 5 $='8 '8 (, ' '='8 '" = 6E $ 4'3 ='6$ !. «>E 65( 5 =$W 6$( ( =' $ V- ' 3' ' ' "EV», - ' 6(S$( '"$ 5 =$&3=$M(" (8. 7' 6' '3" 8$( 59 &$"$6(5. C6(= $( "$5 '9[$9 4 "$, 68(5 ' &$3" $ 6 3"(( 59 '&(='. 7 "$ 5 3 "$ $8"( =' &"'5 4 = S(5 B 8'"'4'# 6 5 4( \( (=4 " $, 8 5 S(5 Z ?$"$4!"'5 !, &$8E54'6$ Z 'W4'5 !. («a ' S '- ' 3( $3(" 5 '(», - W( S( ;= $3 "$. «\$-
362
8$», - 8'49Z[( #'6'= 5E".) 7 "$ ='3'4M$( . R=(3'4$#$( 59, S ' '"$ - 3 W$, 6([$Z[$9, '#3$ 659 M &"! 8(=4$ "$ &(84(. R= ?4 M$Z 59 ?$#='6E( #4$&$ 3!96'4$. ;= $3 "$ 58(( 59 "$3' 65(8, D=( 4(6 6EV'3 & 5(?9, = S , S '?E 3$4 &$"$6(5, V'3 . %5 $4!"E( =( $Z (( 6 '8, S ' '"$ '? 3(4$ 5E"$. 7' '"$ 5$8$ '5 '=?4("$ - $ = &"EB, 5$8'4Z? 6EB 8$4!S W $... V'(4 ' S !, $ "$3' 5$ ! S ' " M"' #=$ !. >59 '" '5 ! 6 '8, S ', V' 9 D=( 4(6 V'S( " S 'M ! 5 $=E( b'=8E 5 55 6$, (8 "( V6$ $( $4$" $, S '?E "$B "'6E(. 2 6' S ' 3(4$( j(V'6. < ' ([( '58(4 459 ?E 53(4$ ! #4$6"'#' '4'M (4!"'#' #(='9, ' (5 ! S(4'6( $, ' '=EB 3'4M(" &$6'(6$ ! 5 8 $ &= (4(B, - ' ([( '58(4 459 ?E =(35 $6 ! (#' 8$4("! 8 'N '8, "$3(4 6 "$5 '9[ 8 $4$" '8 "$ 8("(( = 64($ (4!"EV (=5'"$M(B !(5E: 6&3'=" Z 5$8'64Z?4("" Z$ = 5 &$"9 '#' 5'?'B, S=(&6ES$B"' =(36&9 '#' 5$ (49, S 5 'B 6'3E ='b(55 '"$4$? ^$ '&(='8 =$&3$( 59 (" (. ;= $3 "$ 65 '8 "$( 6=(8("$, '#3$ N 8(5 $ "$ '4"94 6(5(4!( 8'4'3'5 !. %"$ 5'M$4(( , S ' '? 3(4$ 5E"$. R' '8 &"$ '8 D= #'= "$ 5 7 "'B. «d 65(#3$ 6$5 S $Z». ^$ (8 &6 S =(4(5 "$9 "(?'4!W$9 $='3 9 "$ 5$8'#' j(V'6$, '?'M$6W(#' =' 6' '5 $649 ! 'N& Z ='&(. «2 3( '=$A 9 ?E4$ =( =$5"$9», - #'6'= D= #'= " '54( "(?'4!W'B $ &E 3'?$649( : «i'4M"' ?E !, 6 N '8 '&(=( 8"'#' =E?E». 7 "$ 5 & 84(" (8 &"$( , S ' S(4'6( , ' '=EB, ' (( 54'6$8, 5 E $4 "$54$M3(" ( 6'=S(5 6$, 8'M( 4Z? ! =E?" Z 4'64Z. 2 63= # "(6&"$S$B 5"'6$ S"' S(V'65 B 3 6 (4!"' =$63 6EB = (8: 96"' ='3'4M$9 =(=6$""EB =$&#'6'=, l$8=$(6 65 '8 "$( &$?$6"EB N &'3, 54 S 6W B59 6 ($ =( 8"'#' 4( "$&$3. R'54( "( 3$S"'B W "$5 $( $ &$, " ' "( 58(( 59. >5( =$5V'39 59, C'= " ' 9 ! M$4 ( 59 "$ ', S ' 6'( 5'?$ $, l$8=$(6 '6 '=9( ' M( $"( 3' ' 5 "'3$4!"'8 (6S(8, $ \(36(3(" ', " (=(5 Z[ B59 5'A $4 5 S(5 8 3(98 , ?(3"EB W '4!"EB S (4!, 5 =$W 6$( , 5 '4!' M$4'6$"!9 '4 S$( 5 "'3$4!"EB (6S B. >' ='5 '5$( 59 ?(& ' 6( $, S ' ' =954' 8"'#'S 54(""EV = '6, =(?'6$6W V ' !(5E b$ '6 A b=. R'8"Z, 9
363
#3(- ' S $4 '=M(5 6(""'( &$6(=(" (, S ' 3=$8$ =# 3'4M(" 5''?[ ! ?4 ( 'S"E( 3'V'3E 65(V (=5'"$M(B, "$S( V "$5 ='(" 9 '5 3' '"A$ "( '"9 "E. 7' j(V'6 5 (#' #(" $4!"'B "(?=(M"'5 !Z #$=8'" (B ?$"$4!"EV 8(4'S(B 3'5 #$( ?'4!W(#', S(8 &$=93"E( =$?E = S ""'-54(35 6(""EV 569&(B. i'=" #'6'= D=( 4(6 , ' '=EB 6"'6! '9649( 59 "$ 5A("(, S ' (8 '"=$6 4$5! !(5$, 6(="((, ', S ' '" & "(( 54EW$4. %" ='3'4M$( =$&6 6$ ! 5'?5 6(""E( 3( =(35 $64(" 9 ' M &" 5 55 6(. D=( 4(6, 5"$S$4$ ='" EB (#' 'V6$4'B, 36$M3E =(=E6$( (#': «:3( ^$=(S"$9?» %" ?(#$( 'S 6 54(&$V. «\'4'3'5 !, 8'4'3'5 !!» - 6&3EV$( 3' '=. \$W$ &$8(S$( : «<'#3$ "(S(#' ?'4!W( 5 $&$ !, ' #'6'=9 : 8'4'3'5 !, 8'4'3'5 !...» - %"$ "ZV$( $?$ [(8 "(#'3'6$" Z i'="$. ^$ (8 6"(&$ "' 6 $3$( 6 5 (= = &"$( 59, S ' 5 =$5 "' ?(&"$3(M"' 64Z?4("$ 6 D=( 4(6$. «<$ 65( "(=6"E! 2 5 '4! ' 4Z?6 ... %, '43'65 '( '&(='! 7' S ' M( 9 8'# 53(4$ !, 3 9 8'(? j '? j '?» 7$ N '8 &$ $"S 6$( 59 I $ , 4(# ' '"9 !, 'S(8 '5=(35 6(""E( &= (4 , $ M( $ = - N M=(AE '5=(35 6(""'5 , ?E4 $ =$&3'5$3'6$"E 58 [("E. ^3(5! "( " $ '#' 96"'#' '"b4 $. >(="((, V "(5 '4! ', "' '" " S(8 "( 6(3 , ?' S ' &$ '"b4 8(M3 65 E4!S 6E8, "' 89# 8 5E"'8 (#' 65 E4!S 6'B 5 '4! M( 89# 'B 8$ (=!Z, 6(S"' 5'M$4(Z[ V ' '5 (W"' 5 $&$""EV 54'6$V? 7 S(#' '5'?(""'#' "( 5 4 65 =(S$ 7 "E 5 D= #'= "E8, 4Z?'6"E( " = # '5 $4!"EV #(='(6 &$6'39 6 . d6"EB 6 '"A( I $ $ '5 '=?494 4Z3(B, M$M3$6W V V'='W(B 5V6$ . 7', "(58' =9 "$ ', S ' j(V'6$ 5 '6E6$4 =$3 A , ' '=E( '" 5$8 M( "$= W$4 ("$ = 8(=, 3'6'4!"' 4'5 ( N 5 '& A ), ', S ' $&$4'5! 5=(3"(8 = S( V'B 'W ? 'B, 6 5 ["'5 ?E4' &(="'8, & ' '='#' '#3$-" ? 3! 6E=$5 ( 3(B5 6 (4!"' 6(4 $9 3=$8$ =# 9; ?' = 65(B 8'(B 4Z?6 j(V'6 9 3'4M(" 5 $&$ !, S ', "(58' =9 "$ (#' '34 "" Z #(" $4!"'5 !, '" "( 5'&3$4 5 ""'#' W(3(6=$ 3=$8$=# . g#' &$54 #$ 6 '8, S ' '" "$W(4 6(="EB ! & (8" AE = S ""'-54(35 6(""EV 569&(B =$&'=6$4 E, 5 '6E6$Z[ ( 4("" '6 5 55 6$ 3=$8E. d "$3(-
364
Z5!, S ' 3=$8$ =# ? 3 [(#' ? 3 "( ='5 ' 8(V$" S(5 ' ='6$ ! S(V'65 ( = (8E, = 5 [ ( 4 W! (8 '3"'8 , (#' 3$='6$" Z, $ &"$S - "( '3=$M$(8E(, "' "$B3 "'6E(, '?([$Z[ ( ([( ?'4!W Z 56'?'3 349 3=$8$ =#$. D( (=! M( '?=$ 859 54(3 Z[(8 3(B5 6 Z '58' = 8, $ ( 5Z= = &E '"' #' '6 349 =$&3=$M(""'B '&$3$S(""'B ?4 . i(B5 6 ( II. R4'[$3 $ 349 =' ( $, S$5 ! 3'8$ '&(='. ;= $3 "$ 3$( \$W( "(5 '4! ' "$5 $64(" B, $ 3'4M"$ 3(=M$ !59 M("[ "$. 2& 54 S$B"' '?='"(""'#' &$8(S$" 9 8E &"$(8, S ' '"$ M( 3$6"' 4Z?'6" A$ D= #'= "$. >8(5 ( 5 7 "'B, '4 S 6W(B 6'&8'M"'5 ! '?E ! &3(5!, $ $ ' (A 8$S(V$ (V$4 "$ = 3"9, = V'3 C'= ". Y(5569&"EB =$&#'6'= 6(= 59 6' = # 4'V'#' "$5 ='(" 9 D=( 4(6$, 6' = # 4'V'#' &3'='6!9 C'= "$. «MaW$ (53(=M 6$9 6'5 '=#). <'#3$ '" 5$8 S $( S '" ? 3!, ' #4$&$ "(#' #'=9 4 A' 5 $"'6 59 ?4(3"E8. f "(#' =( =$5"EB, (S$4!"EB #'4'5, $ 8$"(=E $ 'N $». (C'= " V=$
6 =(54(. <'" =$5 .)
«i'=". C ' 'B"'B "'S ! ;= $3 "$. R( = W$! C'= ". ;? ;= $3 "$. DE 5
W!?
C'= ". 7 5 '4! '». (R$ &$. j(V'6 - "( =(6&'B3(""EB 8$5 (= $ &E.) «;= $3 "$. DE "( 4(S W!59, $ N ' "(V'='W', ?=$ . C'= ". d =$3 ?E 4(S i'=". @(S
!59, 3$ 6' 3'
'= "( V'S( .
!59 6 W(5 !3(59 4( !
C'= ". 2 6 W(5 !3(59 4( M
! V'S( 59.
i'=" (3'5$34 6'). a! 7 , = " 8$B ( 6$4(= $"'6E( $ 4 .
365
;= $3 "$. \"( 6'3E.
$M( 59, (8
V'='W' ?E
i'=". j ' M? \'M"' '(V$ !. \'M"' ;= $3 "$. >'
'(V$ !
3$-" ? 3! "$
"( '(V$ !.
'B8 .
i'=". 2 '" 8$ ! "(S(#'. >5( 95"'».
D$ =$&6 6$( 59 3(B5 6 (. 7(56(3 [$9 ?4 $ 8'M( '3 8$ !, S ' $6 '= 6 5 Z =$ 3=$#'A(""E( 20 8 " , 6(5! II $ , ' $ '"b4 4!8 "$A 9 "(=6"' 3'M 3$Z 59 &$ 4 5$8 . 7' 65( ' 4 S"'. ;6 '= &"$( , S ' '" 3(4$( . «MaW$ (65 $( ). ^$6 =$ $ ! '=$, 3'4M"' ?E !. (23( 4(" 6'Z, 694'Z 'V'3 'B.) 7'# ' 5 3(4$... (fV'3 .)» ^$ (8 6V'3 l$8=$(6, '" "(3'6'4(" (8, S ' (#' M("$ 5 ;= $3 "'B V' 9 (V$ ! 6 #'='3 - 65( 4'W$3 &$"9 E "$ ?'= ( ='M$9. %" 55'=9 59; l$8=$(6 6EV'3 & 5(?9 ' $&E6$( 59 ' 8(5 $. \'M"' 4 5S(5 ! N 5A(" <'"b4 '8? < "(8 6(3 "(5 '4! ' " (B, 5 $M(8, '=' $9 =(8$= $ ' '8, S ' "$3' ' 69&$ ! 5'?$ "$ "'S!. 7' '8 4 B (, 5 $M( #'=3(4 6EB = , S ' &$ $='3 9. i$M( 8'=$4 5 "( &$8( $=$3' 5$, S"'#', $ 8'M( ' $&$ !59, 349 V'39[(#' 4$55$. R'3S "(""EB, '=9Z[ B 56'Z V'&9B , "( 'S("! S(" 349 = 55 'B ='6 "A $4!"'B M &" , N ' 4 W! 54 S$B, '5"'6$""EB "$ 5 '4 "'6(" ' =(3(4(""EV (=5'"$M(B: '" 8'# =' &'B , $ 8'# "( =' &'B . (>. 7$?' '6 6ES(= " 4 N ' $?&$A.) ^3(5! ='5 '3 W"' 5 ?'4!W'B 5$8' 6(=(""'5 !Z j(V'6-"'6$ '= ' 5 $= " ( &$5 $649( 7 " (#(=' "Z, ((=! '5 $6W Z59 '3" "$ 5A("() =$&8EW49 ! 654 V. i$, '"$ "$S "$Z[$9 $ = 5$, "' 3$M( N ' "( 8'M( 54 M ! &6 "(" (8 349 5 $='#'- =(5 $='#' = (8$. \E 54EW 8 3'6'4!"' 4'5 B =$ B 8'"'4'#. g( 58 [$( , 'S(8 &"$8(" $9 $ = 5$ 4$S( , "( 5 8(6 "$5 '9 ! "$ 56'(8, $ &"$8(" EB 5$ (4! A(4EB 3("! 3 =E? . D=( 4(6 6'&6=$[$( 59 3'8'B 5 'V' E ?='5$( 8(= 6 Z S$B "'#$8 7 "E: «d 8(4 '34'5 ! ? ! 5(#'3"9 N S$B», - $ &$ (8 3'?$649( : «C '=' $ 8 M( '?=$&'8 9 ?!Z 5$8'#' 5(?9». 7 "$ =(& $ 5 " 8: «> '54(3"((
366
6=(89 6E... 6E=$M$( (5!... $ 8 - ' 5 86'4$8 ... "', ='5 (... (<4$3( S$B "$ 5 $8!Z.) d 54 W '8 ='5 $, S '?E '" 8$ ! 6$5». %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, S ' N $ 8E54! ? 3( 8( ! 'S("! &9["'( ='3'4M(" ( - 7 "$ 5$8$ =(6=$ 59 6 M 6'B 5 86'4, ' '='#' '"$ 5(BS$5 "( '" 8$( ' '=EB D=( 4(6 5 '4 '6E6$( "( =$6 4!"'. D=( 4(6 "( 5 '6' =( $( (( 6 V'4'3"'5 , 6 =$6"'3 W "(8 '54( ='6$4$ (#' !(5E. %" #'6'= ' 56' V "( 3$S$V. ^3(5! 54EW 59 54$?EB "$8( "$ '8 4( 5 :$84( $, ' '=EB j(V'6 6"(&$ "' 6E6'=$S 6$( "$ &"$" , 569&E6$9 3= #'B #$84( '65 B 8' 6 5 D= #'= "E8, S $Z[ 8 "$ V'3 " # . «C4'6$, 54'6$, 54'6$...» - 3=$&" (#' D=( 4(6 3$49( 59. D= #'= " &$ 5E6$( 6 &$ 5" Z " M =$ ( "$?4Z3(" 9 &$ \$W(B: «7ZV$( $?$ !( 6'3 ... >5(#3$ 6 S(="'8. g( 4Z? S (4!». C$8 j(V'6 4Z? 4 "$?=$5E6$ ! 6 &$ 5" Z " M "$?4Z3(" 9, ' '=E( 8'#4 (8 = #'3 !59. D= #'= " =$55 $&E6$( 7 "(, S ' '" ;= $3 "$, 6'&8'M"', (3 ( &-&$ 55'=E 5 l$8=$(6E8). > ' 6( "$ &$8(S$" ( 7 "E, $ , 3'4M"' ?E !, &$8(S$ (4!"' ?E ! 5$ (4(8, D= #'= " =' &"'5 =(4(5 "EB 8'"'4'# 'S "$ = 5 =$" AE. %" $ V'='W, $ S(" 349 $6 '=$, ' '=EB "$W(4 '6'3 &$#'6'= ! ' 5(?(, S ' &$?E6$(W! =' "(4Z?'6! 5'6=(8(""'#' ($ =$ 34 ""E8 8'"'4'#$8. ^$8(S$ (4!"' '3S(= " E 65( 8(4'S (#' =$?' E: «>' 9 5 6$8 , 9 6'4" Z5!, $ 8(M3 (8 $M3'( 8#"'6(" ( '8"Z, S ' 8("9 M3( "(' '"S(""$9 '6(5 !. > M 6' '?4$ ', 'V'M(( "$ ='94!. i 8$Z: "$3' ? 3( '89" ! #3(" ? 3! 6 =$55 $&(, S ' 4E4' '?4$ ', 'V'M(( "$ ='94!. R$V"( #(4 ' =' '8. C '=(( 8' $Z "$ 5: = '="EB &$ $V, 63'6 B A6( , '89" ! = ' 5$" 4( "(#' 6(S(=$». 24 $ 'B ' =E6' : «... '#3$ 8"( = V'3 4'5! 5 $6 ! 56'Z "'6 Z !(5 , ' 8"( $&$4'5! 659 B =$&, S ' ?=Z"( E 6=$M3(?"' "$5 ='("E, $ ?4'"3 "E V'4'3"' =$6"'3 W"E». 24 : «i$. <'#3$ W , = 9 "'. ... "' ... (36$ 6EW4' & (S$ ... ; ?4 $ S $( : «i$, 8 4', $4$" 4 6'... \ 4', "' 3$4( ' 3' D'45 '#'», 4 : «R=(=$5"$9 6([!, "' «% AE 3( » D =#("(6$ 4 SW(». (a ' 5'?5 6(""EB ' E j(V'6$.)
367
7 "$ ='3'4M$( '6 '=9 ! (8 , S ' '"$ 5 =$3'5 !Z (=("(54$ ?E 65( N #'=(5 =$&'S$='6$" 9 =$3 "$5 '9[(B 54$6E. D= #'= ", #4939 "$ '&(=' = 8(S$9 '3='?"'5 (B&$M$, #'6'= , S ' (8 M$4! (&M$ ! ' 5Z3$. %"$ ' $&E6$( (8 3'8 "$ =' 6' '4'M"'8 ?(=(# , #3( M 4$ (( 8$ !. «7 "$. ...d N '#' '&(=$
$8 ='3 4$5!. d 65Z M &"! ='6(4$ ' '4' &"$Z "$ "(8 $M3EB '5 ='6' .
D= #'= ". e'='W'
6$5
7 "$. j$B $. <'"5 $"
! (f6 3(6 S$B
.) ; N ' S '?
" :$6= 4ES ? 4.
D= #'= ". <=$5 6$9 A$. R=$6', "( V'S( 59 (&M$ !. >' #'6'= (- $ 2= " 7 '4$(6" , S '?E '"$ '5 $4$5!. (^$ 5E6$( 6 " M .) 7 "$. j ' N ' 6E
W( (?
D= #'= ". D$ , &$ 5E6$Z... CZM( 8(4! " 4... (R=9S$ " M .) CZM( 349 "(?'4!W'#' =$55 $&$: "$ ?(=(# '&(=$ 5 3( 5 6$ M 6( 8'4'3$9 3(6 W $, $ $9, $ 6E; 4Z? '&(=', $ S$B $, 5S$5 4 6$, 56'?'3"$, $ S$B $. 7' 54 S$B"' = W(4 S(4'6( , 6 3(4 ' "(S(#' 3(4$ ! '# ? 4 ((, $ 6' N S$B . (R$ &$.) > ' "( ' $&E6$( 59 ;= $3 "$. ;= $3 "$. Y'= 5 ;4( 5((6 S, #3( 6E? D= #'= ". C(BS$5! ;= $3 "$. \E '5 $(859. (D= #'= " V'3 7 "$ ( '3V'3
6 3'8.)
=$8 (; '54( "( ' '='#' =$&3 8!9). C'"!
^$"$6(5.
% '"A'6 ( II $ $ " M"' 5 $&$ ! = 6([ . R=(M3( 65(#', 8E M( &$8( 4 54$?'( 8(5 ' $6 '=$: &'?=$M(" ( 8'4'3'B 'N S"'B M("[ "E. 7 "$ "(8"'#' b$4!W 6$. R'54(3" B (( 6&3'V =$8 E 5 $='8'3(", 5 $='8'3("
368
8(""' ' '8 , S ' =' #=E6$( ' 5=$6"(" Z 5 5'6(=W(""'B ='5 ' 'B (5 (5 6(""'5 !Z 65(B !(5E. \E &"$(8, '"(S"', S ' '"$ $ = 5$ 65( ='S((, "' S '- ' &3(5! "(4$3"'. D= #'= " = &"$( 59 7 "( 6 '8, S ' "( S$5 ' 65 =(S$( 8'4'3EV 3(6 W( M( &$?E4 "( 8'M( 5(?( =(35 $6 !, $ S 65 6 Z 5(?9 6 6'5(8"$3A$ !-3(69 "$3A$ ! 4( , 'N '8 6 (#' =$55 $&$V 8'4'3E( 3(6 W '?E "'6(""' b$4!W 6E. a 54'6$ D= #'= "$ 8'M"' $=$3' 5$4!"E8 '?=$&'8 ' "(5 j(V'6 -3=$8$ =# , $ $ 6 (#' '=' V =$55 $&$V, "$ = 8(=, 6 «i'8( 5 8(&'" "'8» 4 6 «i$8( 5 5'?$S 'B», 8'4'3E( M("[ "E ' 4 S$Z 59 "('?E "'6(""'B M 6'5 !Z, "' 4 W! ' '8 , S ' '" "(8"'#'54'6"E. ^3(5! M( '" 5 $Z 59 6 3'4# ( =$&#'6'=E, 5=$& '?"$M$Z 59 (#' 54$?'5 . j(V'6 ?E4 "(8"'#'54'6(". a ' (=6'(. > '='(. R' 65(B 6 3 8'5 5 39 ' (#' 5'?5 6(""'8 '3V'3 5$ (4!5 '8 =(8(54 , ' (#' "$?4Z3$ (4!"'5 .3., D= #'= " 3(B5 6 (4!"' V'='W B 5$ (4!. 7' 'S(8 - ' (#' &$ 5 ' A(, '&(=( 3(6 W ( "( =' &6'39 6 (S$ 4(" 9 &$69& V'='W(#' =$55 $&$. > ' M( 6=(89 8E M( 3'#$3E6$(859, S ' 5ZM( !(5E ? 3( 6 'S"'5 '6 '=9 ! $"6 8(""' N 'B 5 '= . 2" (=(5 ( (=! 5'5=(3' 'S(" "$ '8, 58'M( 4 j(V'6 5'&3$ ! V'='W B =$55 $& & "(5 '4! ' &? '#' 5ZM( $ 6 &$ 5"'B " M ( D= #'= "$. g54 (8 N ' 3$5 59, &"$S , 8E ?E4 =$6E, =(3 '4'M 6, S ' D= #'= " &$8(S$ (4!"EB 5$ (4!, 5 '5'?"EB & 'W4'#' 5ZM( $ 5' 6'= ! =( =$5"EB =$55 $&. 2 "$ '"(A, =( !(. <$ 5$8$ 7 "$ "( '" 8$( 65(B #4 ? "E 5 86'4$, '#3$ D=( 4(6 = "'5 8(= 6 Z A , $ D= #'= " "( '" 8$( , S ', '5 $6$95! 6 3'8( 6'&4( '&(=$, '" 5 $"'6 59 'V' " '8, ? 6$Z[ 8 A . 2"$S( #'6'=9, '"(A II 3(B5 6 9 ' 9 ! "( '"9 (" 349 =93'6'#' &= (49, ' '8 S ' " S(#' ([( "(4!&9 =(36 3( !. g3 "5 6(""'(, S ' =' &'W4', - 55'=$, =(W("' (V$ !, ' c(&3 ' 4$3E6$( 59, "$5 '9[ B " (=(5 5'5=(3' 'S(" 6 5$8'B &$ $""'5 5ZM( "EV 4 " B, 6 V 3'M(5 6(""EV '4 "$8( $V.
369
i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d5"', S ' \$W$ 65( ([( 4Z? D=( 4(6$, M(4$9 (#' &$?E !, V'S( 6EB &$8 M &$ W '4!"'#' S (49. i$4(( 8E &"$(8, S ' D= #'= " ;= $3 "$ 5'? =$Z 59 (&M$ !. \(M3 7 "'B D= #'= "E8 =' 5V'3 =$&#'6'=. %"$ 3$= (8 8(3$4!'" 5 6E#=$6 ='6$""E8 "$&6$" (8 '3"'B & (#' " # "'8(='8 5 =$" AE 5 =' . <'#3$ '9649Z 59 ;= $3 "$ C'= ", 7 "$ '5 (W"' V'3 , ='59 D= #'= "$ 3(4 ! (B "(5 '4! ' 8 " 3' ' c(&3$. 7' &$8( ! (, " 54'6$ ' 4Z?6 "( 5 $&$"', D= #'= " 6E#493 N3$ 8 #'3 8'8. i(B5 6 ( ='3'4M$( 59, D= #'= " S '- ' ?'=8'S( =' 5(?9, E $95! 65 '8" ! 5 ='S "$ $&$""'B 5 =$" A(. «D 6 3'8( (5 ! 8' " M ?» - «f ?=$ $ 6 $? "( (...» %" V'3 , S '?E "$B " M"EB '8. >' =( =$5"EB '6'3 3$4 ! (#' 5' 5A("E. C'= " ;= $3 "$ '?5 M3$Z = S "E "(3$S"'B ' E 5$8' ? B5 6$ D=( 4(6$: =(6"'5 !, =$&3"'5 !, #'=3'5 !... <'#3$ '" ='5 6&$B8E, '"$ "$S "$( = S$ !, $ =(35 $&E6$4 (( 5E". C'= " 6'&? M3(", "(#' = $3' #'4'6' = M(" 9. R'54( '#' $ C'= " 6(3(", D=( 4(6 ;= $3 "$ ?(5(3 Z . CA("$ 54(# $ 5 (= S"$9 "( 54 W '8 ?(3 (4!"$9. R(=6EB '6'=' : '" =(34$#$( 8$ (= , S '?E '"$ '3'4M 4$ 3("(# C'= " , $ ?='5$( 6 ' 6( , S ' '"$ $ = 5$, $ "( ?$" =W$. R$ &$. > '='B '6'=' : '" ='5 (( 58(" ! (8 '69& "$ #'4'6(, '#3$ '"$ 5 "(M"'5 !Z 6E '4"9( (#' ='5!? , '" "$ '8 "$( ' (( 6(4 '3 W"'8 '5 (, ' '=EB '"$ &$?E4$. %" #'6'= , $ 5 4!"' 4Z? ((, - 6' =( B '6'=' : "' &$S(8 '"$ '33$( 59 64 9" Z N '#' S(4'6( $? >' ='5
370
= 6'3 (( 6 9='5 !. %" #'6'= , S ' =' &6(3(" 9 D= #'= "$ =( 9 (8 ; '"$ &$8(S$( , S ' N ' &$6 5 !, "$&E6$( (#' " S 'M(5 6'8, '" &4'?"' 55'=9 59; D=( 4(6 "$S "$( 4$ $ !, '" 5"'6$ 8 =9 59 («R='5 56'Z #=(W" Z 8$ !»); '" = &"$( 59, S ' 4Z? 7 " , "' ?(&' 6( "', '" ?'4!W( "( 8'M( 5$ !, 65( "$3(M3E #$54 . 7(='6"'5 ! "$5 ='(" B &3(5! 54 W '8 'S(6 3"$ - N ' 'S 3(8'"5 =$A 9, #3( $M3EB #(='B 6(=(" 5(?(. C=$& M( '54( N '#' 54(3 ( M$5"$9 ' 4'W"'5 !: 6V'3 D= #'= ", (=(6'=$S 6$9 5 =$" AE " # 6 ' 5 $V 5 =' , $ &$ (8 S $( "$ ?4 : «>' ... «g54 (?( '#3$-" ? 3! '"$3'? 59 8'9 M &"!, ' = 3 6'&!8 ((». C'6(=W(""' 95"', S ', ' E5 $6 " # 6 ? ?4 ' ( ( C'= "$ "$ " M"(B '4 (, D= #'= ", (5 (5 6(""', = 5(4 ?E "$ '= 'S $8 M( "$W(4 " M" Z 5 ='S . %3"$ 'W ? $ $ '?ES"' 64(S( &$ 5'?'B 3= # Z. C4(3 Z[$9 b=$&$ 'M( "( 3$S"$. D= #'= " 8E54 654 V: «% S(#' 6 N '8 = &E6( S 5 'B 3 W '54EW$4$5! 8"( (S$4! 8'( 5(=3A( $ ?'4(&"(""' 5M$4'5!?..» C(" ("A 9 96"' 54$?$9, V'='W(#' 5$ (49, $ D= #'= "$, (36$ 4 'V6$ 4 ?E '3'?"E( $ ( S(5 ( =$&3 8!9. j(V'6 6"(&$ "' 5 '4 " 459 5 = 3"'B &$3$S(B: $ &'?=$& ! $6 '=$ S(4'6(S"E8 65( 5 '= 4, &$5 $6 6 (#' 6&'?=$ !59 "$ ' ="E, S '?E &= (498 ?E4' 6 3"((. D= #'= " ?(& '? "9 '6 #'6'= 56'(B 4Z?'6" A(, S ' V'S( '5 $ !59 ' E $ ! 5S$5 !9 5 7 "'B. ;= $3 "$ $3$( "$ '4(" 5 ?'4!W 8 8$5 (=5 6'8 8'4 (#': «\'B =( =$5"EB, 3 6"EB... DE '54(3"99 5 =$" A$ 8'(B M &" » .3. «DE... 4 SW B & 65(V ( (=(W" V 5$ (4(B, E (3 "5 6(""$9 "$3(M3$ X'55 ...» .3. D= #'= " '?c95"9( &= (498, S ' "(#' "( 6'4 - 694EB, 54$?EB, 65(#3$ ' '="EB. ^$ (8 S '- ' &$ 5E6$( 6 " M . %" #'6'= : «f ='8 54EW$4 V'='W(( 6E=$M(" (: «i(6 S B ?'=...» R= #'3 59. (R' 9# 6$( 59.) ^"$S , (V$ !? % 9 ! 6$#'"E, 5 $"A , ? b( E, ' ? 6"E( ' 4( E, =$&#'6'=E. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, S ' &3(5!, $ 6 =$&#'6'=( 8$ (= 5 5E"'8, #3( 8E "$?4Z3$4 58(" "$5 ='(" B, #(='B 54 W '8 96"' =(6=$[$( 59 6 ='b(55 '"$4!"'#' $6 '=$. R' '8 ([( '3"$ 3(8'"5 =$A 9: l$8=$(6... (>. 7$?' '6 6ES(= " 4 N ' $?&$A.)
371
l$8=$(6 6V'3 , S '?E 5 $&$ !, S ' 4'W$3 '3$"E, =$55 $&E6$( ' 5 $='8 $ (=(, ' '='#' &"$4 '#3$- '. <'"(S"', '" 6(=(" 5(?(, $ 6 I 3(B5 6 , "' &3(5! $ ? 3 ' =' 5V'3 "(S ' 4Z?' E "'(. \E M( '?=$ 4 6" 8$" ( "$ ', S ' j(V'6 "$W(4 "'6EB = (8, $ 'M 6 ! 56' V (=5'"$M(B, 6 4$3E6$9 6 V 5 $ $ Z" ? 3! #4 Z W , 4 #4 '6$ '( "$?4Z3(" (, 4 "( 8(5 "'( 6'5 '8 "$" (, - 68(5 ' '#' S '?E = " M3$ ! 5 =9# 65( 6=(89 '4 '6$ ! ' &'4' (, $ 6=$S(B - ' 4Z49V. 7' ( (=! =98$9 ?'# "9 3( (=8 " &8$ 85 , ', S ' '"$S$4 $&$4'5! =(4(5 "'B =(8$='B, ' '4!"' = ' =E6$Z[(B V$=$ (= #'6'=9[(#', 5 $"'6 59 "( &?(M"'B 65('?c(84Z[(B S(= 'B, $ 5 '5 ! 5 =9# . ^$ 5"$9 " M $ D= #'= "$, 54(&E ;=$3 "'B = '8 "$" ' 3("!#$V, ($ =$4!"E( 6'5 '8 "$" 9 l$8=$(6$ 5 $4 9=4E $8 , 5 '4! M( "( = 9 "E8 , $ '6 '=9Z[ (59 "(4( '5 6 4$55 S(5 V !(5$V - 6E '" 8$( (, S ' 9 8(Z 6 6 3 : $ $9-" ? 3! '5 =' $, ' '= Z '6 '=9( #(='B "$ =' 9M(" 65(B !(5E 6 5$8EB "('M 3$""EB 8'8(" 4 '#3$ (( M3 . d5"', S ' j(V'6, 5 8(6W B 5'&3$ ! "'6EB 4 SW B 6 3 3=$8E, ' $459 6 8 M( =$55 $64(""E( 5( . i 8$Z, S ', &"$B '" "(8"'#' ?'4!W( '? V 8"'#'S 54(""EV =$&"'6 3"'5 9V, '" "( ' $459 ?E 6 " V. 2 ([( 9 3 8$Z, '" ?E4 "(3'5 $ 'S"' &"$ '8 5 5 55 6'8 3=$8$ =# , "( ='W 3 ='6$4 3'4M"'#' '4 S(5 6$ !(5, ?E4 "(3'5 $'S"' 6&E5 $ (4(" 5(?( 6 ' "'W(" "( ' '=EV (V" S(5 V = (8'6 N '#' M$"=$. > =(3' c(&3"'B 5 '4' ( ;= $3 "$ 6E3$( =(8 54 #$8 = ?4!, =$6"EB 6 ' 6=(89 9 3(59 A(" $8, '6 '=9( , S ' '" 3'4M"E '3(4 ! (#' 8(M3 5'?'B; $ D= #'= " 3$( 59 '?8("9 !59 "(5 '4! 8 54'6$8 5 7 "'B. \E 6 3 8, $ '" =$5"'=(S 6' =(6'&"'5 (( =''5 !, (( $"#(4!5 Z S 5 ' ='S((. %"$ = &"$( 59, S ' =(W 4$5! 5 $ ! $ = 5'B (V$ ! 6 \'5 6 . %" "$&"$S$Z 3= # 3= # 56 3$" ( 3'4#' A(4 Z 59. ^$"$6(5. C'6(=W(""' ?(55 '="', S ' V' 9 6 N '8 3(B5 6 (5 ! "(5 '4! ' 3$S"EV 8(5 - #4$6"E8 '?=$&'8, 6 b'=8 4 ='6 $V, '"' 5 4!"' 5 $( (=6E8 36 8. ^$8( ! (, $ 5 =$""' 85 ?'# "9 3( (=8 " &8$, ' ' '='B 9 M( #'6'= 4.
372
i(8'" N ' '35 (=(#$( "(&$3$S4 6'#' $6 '=$ 8(""' 6 8 " , '#3$ (8 $M( 59, S ' '" 3'5 # 5 (V$. 2 #4$6"'(, 8(""' ( (=!, '#3$, 54(3 9 =$6 4$8 M$"=$, $6 '= 6(=" 459 =$3 A '""'8 V'3 , "$S "$( 6E= 5'6E6$ !59 "(S ' 6='3( 4!8 "$A , ?4 $ M3( (54 "( '?9&$ (4!"'B 5A("E ( =(?'6$ ! (( ' j(V'6$ ?E4' ?E 54 W '8), ', ' =$B"(B 8(=(, (( '3'? 9, (S ', $ " 5 =$""', '3"' ' M( - 9 8(Z 6 6 3 5A(" , ' '= Z M3( &= (4! - 8'M"' "$&6$ ! (( «=(W$Z[(B»), 8(""' $ ( 5A("E - 5$8'( 54$?'( 8(5 ' j(V'6$. (>. 7$?''6 6ES(= " 4 N ' $?&$A.) i(B5 6 ( IV. R='W4' 36$ #'3$. j(V'6 5 ' 'B"' M(= 6 ( 5 $= ""E8 &$ '"'8 (3 "5 6$ 6=(8(" , S '?E 5'V=$" ! (3 "5 6' 8(5 $, ?' 5'6(=W(""' (5 (5 6(""', S ' 54(3 Z[ 8 4( '8 8E 6"'6! 65 =(S$(859 5 D= #'= "E8 ;= $3 "'B, ' '=EV M3 6 '8(5 !( (( ?=$ $. :'5 "$9 =(6=$ 4$5! 6 $? "( D=( 4(6$ 8"'M(5 6' " #. >V'39 \$W$ \(36(3(" '. %" M("$ E, " V =(?("' . \$W$ =(6'M 59 &$ C'= "$, ' '=EB ?' 59 '3 "'S(5 6$. %" #'6'=9 ' ($ =( 6 (8"'8 5$3 - #'4'8, ?(&'?=$&"'8, $ 5 (4( . l$8=$(6$, 8$ ! \$W , ='5 D=( 4(6$, S '?E ' ?E4 '4$5 '6(B 5 \$W(B. \$W$ 65( ([( 4Z? (#', "' ( (=! "$3(( 59, S ', '#3$ 8 M$ (=(6(3 6 3= #'( 8(5 ', &$? 3( ' "(8. C4 S$B"' 8E &"$(8, S ' D=( 4(6 W( 349 M ="$4'6. C $=EB C'= " 5 =' 4 5 $4!"Z 6 '8"$ ( D=( 4(6$. > '4"( (5 (5 6(""' 349 S(4'6( $, 5 =$3$Z[(#' $5 8'B, M(4$ ! $ 'B-" ? 3! (=(8("E - (( "( "$3' $ ! 5 (V" S(5 8 = (8'8 « 3(=M 6$" 9 "$ 5A("(». \(M3 3' '='8, C'= "E8 \(36(3(" ' &$69&E6$( 59 =(4(5 "EB =$&#'6'= (;= $3 "$ W4$ "$ 5 $"A Z, S '?E 65 =( ! D= #'= "$). i' '= 65 '8 "$( , S ' '" ' =$4 8"'#' 6=(8(" 3("(# "$ (W(5 6 ( &$ #=$" A . R' '8 =$&#'6'= V'3 6 5 '='" . R$ &$. ^$ (8 #'6'= \(36(3(" '. «\(36(3(" '. R'&6'4! ( 6$5 5 ='5 !, 3' ='3 &$ #=$" A(B 6$8 ?'4!W( '"=$6 459?
'=, $ 'B #'-
i'=". :(" 9. D=( 4(6. R'S(8 :(" 9?»
373
i' '= '?c95"9( : ='5 ' 6 (S$ 4(" (, M 6(W! 6 '4 (, 54 6$(W!59 5 "(Z "$S "$(W! 6(= !, S ' 6 5$8'8 3(4( 6'&8'M"$ '3"$ 8 ='6$9 3 W$, 6='3( 'B, 6 !(5(... <5 $ , #3( ( (=! N $ 8'4'3$9 $ = 5$? (>(5!8$ (5 (5 6(""EB (=(V'3.) D=( 4(6 =$55 $&E6$( i'=" ' 7 "(. f "(( ?E4 ='8$" 5 D= #'= "E8, ?E4 =(?("' , =(?("' 8(=, '"$ "( 'S("! $4$" 4 6$9 $ = 5$, V' 9 6 '4"( ='b(55 '"$4!"$9, #=$( #4$6"E( ='4 , "' #= ?', ?(&6 5"', 5 =(& 8 M(5 $8 . YE6$4 8'8(" E, '#3$ '"$ $4$" 4 6' 65 = 6$4$, $4$" 4 6' 8 =$4$, "' '4! ' 8'8(" E. i'=" 5 =$W 6$( : «^"$S , 65(- $ (5 ! $4$" ?» D=( 4(6 ' 6(S$( , S ' '"9 ! = 3"'. (%?=$( 6" 8$" (, S ' 7 "$ 6 '8 M( '4'M(" , S ' D=( 4(6, '#3$ =(S! 3( ' 6'=S(5 V 3'5 M(" 9V.) %" ='3'4M$( =$55 $&E6$ !, S ' '65Z3 54(3'6$4 &$ "(Z, 3$ '"$, 3$ '". 7' '"$ " '#3$ (#' ?4 & ' "( '3 5 $4$. 2"'#3$ '"$ 5$4$ (8 . <'#3$ D= #'= " ?='5 4 ((, '"$ "(8"'#' '8(W$4$5!. R'3 5E6$4$5! j$B 'B. (%?=$ ( 6" 8$" (, S ' D=( 4(6 &$?E4 ' ='5W(5 6 .) %" 3'?$649( , S ' ( (=! '"$ &3(5!, # 49( #3(- ' 6 '4(, "( =(W$( 59 '3'B " 5 (8 "( M(4$( =$&#'6$= 6$ !. «C'= ". R=(4(5 "$9 ?E4$ 3(6 W $. i'=". j '-5? C'= ". R=(4(5 "$9, #'6'=Z, ?E4$ 3(6 W $».
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«C6'Z '6(5 ! ='S(4, $ 8'(B 3$M( "( =$&=(&$4». \E 6 3 8, $ #=$Z 6 4' ' - 'S("! S(V'65 $9, =( =$5"$9 5A("$. <$M( 59, S '?E 3'5 S! 6E5' 56'(#' $4$" $, (8 " M"',
374
S '?E #(=' 3(=M$4 5! 56'?'3"', S 65 6'6$4 5(?9 $ 3'8$, 3'?"' 5 =' 4 5!, 5 ! N ' "( 5 $5$( V ' 8 4'B 4(" , 8=$S"EV 8E54(B, ?(5 ' 'B"EV 6'5 '8 "$" B .3. 2 V' 9 #(=' "( =$55 $4 5! 5' 56' 8 5 =$""'5 98 = 6ES $8 - C'= " 6"'6! '5$ E6$( , D= #'= " #'6'= ' =E?"'B 4'64(, ;= $3 "$ 65 '8 "$( ' 56' V ($ =$4!"EV = 8b$V, - 65( N ' &6 S ?'4(( (5(5 6(""', S(8 b$4!W 6EB 3=$8$ S(5 B '" =(3E3 [(#' 3(B5 6 9, ' '8 S ' 6 '4"( (5 (5 6(""', S ' 6 '8 M( 8(5 (, 5 (8 M( 4Z3!8 S(=(& 36$ #'3$ ? 3 '6 '=9 !59 ( M( ='#$ (4!"E(, 8 4E( 5 9 . ;6 '= 3$( "$8 '"9 !, S ' = $ M(5 ' ' ?=$" D=( 4(6$. >E = 6$Z 59 "'8(=$ 4' '; ;= $3 "$ "( ='S4$ 5 =' & 5'S "(" B 5E"$. ^$ (8 '" =(=E6$Z #= 3 M "$ !, 65(, ='8( D=( 4(6$, ' '=EB ='3'4M$( =$&8EW49 ! "$3 56'(B = ' 5!Z. \'"'4'# (#' 5 '4! V'='W, S ' 6 "(8 "( '='? 3$M( 54'6"'5 !: «d $ 8"'#' #'6'= 4 ' "'6EV b'=8$V, $ ( (=! S 65 6 Z, S ' 5$8 8$4'- '8$4 5 '4&$Z = "(». <$ ?'4!W "5 6' ='b(55 '"$4!"EV "$?4Z3(" B 6 !(5(, '"' ' "'5 59 5$8'8 j(V'6 , "' '4! ' ' S$5 , '4! ' 6 (V 54 S$9V, '#3$ '" 3' 5 $( ' 4'W"'5 !, $ 6 =(3E3 [(8 $ (. D=( 4(6 S $( : «Y4(3"'( 4 A', '?=$84(""'( (8"E8 6'4'5$8 ... a ' ?(&3$="'», - #'6'= '" &$S(= 6$( . «7$S" 5 '#', $ #(='9 =$&? 3 4 W 8 3'M39, $ '5 $4!"'( 65( 6'". % 5$" ( 4 ""'#' 6(S(=$ 34 ""' &E5 $""'. D= #'= " 6E=$?' $4 5(?( = (8E, (8 4(# '... f "(#' "$ 4' "( ?4(5 #'=4EW ' =$&? 'B ? E4 S(="(( ("! ' 8(4!" S"'#' '4(5$ - 6' 4 ""$9 "'S! #' '6$, $ 8("9 =( ([ [ B 56( , V'( 8(=A$" ( &6(&3, 3$4( ( &6 ='949, &$8 =$Z[ ( 6 V'8 $='8$ "'8 6'&3 V(... a ' 8 S (4!"'». (R=( =$5"' 5b'=8 4 ='6$""'( =$&4 S ( 8(M3 5 55 6'8 j(V'6$ (#' 5'6=(8("" '6.) ^$ (8 =' 5V'3 65 =(S$ 5 7 "'B, ' '= Z 5 'S &=(" 9 =$3 A '""'B 3=$8$ =# 8'M"' 5S $ ! 4!8 "$A (B, 4 «=(W$Z[(B» 5A("'B !(5E. i(B5 6 (4!"', 5A("$ =( =$5"$. 7 "$ #'6'= 6 8$"(=( j(V'6$, '#3$ (#' (=(5 $4 &$" 8$ ! S 5 E(, 5 =$5 "E(, ='8$" S(5 ( 3(6 AE. %"$ 5 $4$, =$55 ='("$, "(5S$5 "$. j(=(3$ 6'5 '8 "$" B, '3='?"'5 (B. %"$ 65( ([(
375
4Z? D= #'= "$ ' $4 6$( D=( 4(6$ 5 (#' ?(5 =$B" 8 S 65 6$8 , $ '" 6 '54(3" B =$& E $( 59 #'6'= ! (( '5 $ !59 5 " 8. «d - S$B $», - '6 '=9( '"$ ?(& 659 'B 4'# . - «7( , "( '... R'8" (, 6E '35 =(4 4 S$B ? C4 S$B"' = W(4 S(4'6( , 6 3(4 ' "(S(#' 3(4$ ! '# ? 4... CZM( 349 "(?'4!W'#' =$55 $&$... a ' "( '...» «%5 $"! (5!, 9 3$8 6$8 ' M "$ !...» - #'6'= D=( 4(6, V6$ $95! &$ '54(3"ZZ 5'4'8 " . >5( N ' 53(4$"' =( =$5"'. %"$ ' $&E6$( 59, 6"'6! #'6'= ' 56'(B 4Z?6 D= #'= " , ' '=EB $ ?(&M$4'5 "' ?='5 4 ((, &$ (8 (=(5 $ 6$( "$ 8'"'4'# & !(5E D=( 4(6$ 6 "$S$4( I 3(B5 6 9 '5 (W"' V'3 . <'"(A 3(B5 6 9 6(4
'4( (".
«D=( 4(6 ( '54( $ &E). 7(V'='W', (54 '-" ? 3! 65 =( (( 6 5$3 ' '8 5 $M( 8$8(. a ' 8'M( '#'=S ! 8$8 ...» (%?=$ ( 6" 8$" (: N ' (#' '54(3" ( 54'6$, ' '8 S ' ( (=!, V4$3"' ='6"' " S 'M 6 56' = ' 5 , '" ' =$( =$6 Z 36(=! V'3 6 5'5(3"ZZ '8"$ , $ &$ (8 5 =(49( 59.) «i'=" (5 $=$95! ' 6'= ' &$ (= $... (>V'3
5 $6
! 4(6 Z 36(=!). C =$""'. i6(=! $ ? 3-
"$ 8(5 ' =(54'.) C $S $ 5 =( 9 5 6 98 .
(>V'39 ;= $3 "$, R'4 "$ ;"3=((6"$, &$ " 8 d '6 5 ? E4 $8 \$W$, ' '8 l$8=$(6 D= #'= ".) ;= $3 "$. <=$5"'( 6 "' 6' 349 Y'= 5$ ;4( 5((6 S$ 5 $6! ( 5Z3$, "$ 5 '4. \E ? 3(8 #=$ ! !. i$6$B ( 5$3 !59, #'5 '3$. l$8=$(6 ( '36'3 D= #'= "$ 3$6(S$ #'6'= 4... (i'5 $(
& W $ $ S S(4' S$B
D= #'= " (#4939 "$ S$B
W $
). >'
6([!, '
' '='B 9
.) >$W &$ $&.
). 7( '8"Z! (R'3 8$6.) 7( '8"Z!
(7$ =$6' &$ 5A("'B 6E5 =(4; 65( 6&3=$# 6$Z .) ;= $3 "$ ( 5
#$""'). j ' $ '(?
376
i'=". 7 S(#'. a ', 3'4M"' ?E !, 6 8'(B 'V'3"'B $ (( S '-" ? 3! 4' " 4'. 7( ?(5 ' 'B (5!. (fV'3 6 =$6 Z 36(=!, S(=(& '48 " E 6'&6=$[$( 59.) D$ (5 !. @' " 4$ 5 49" $ 5 Nb ='8. (7$ (6$( .) «d 6"'6! =(3 '?'Z 5 'Z 'S$='6$"...» ;= $3 "$ (5$395! &$ 5 '4). O B, 9 4', $ ... (^$ =E6$( 4 A' =
5
#$4$5!. a ' 8"( "$ '8" -
$8 .) i$M( 6 #4$&$V ' (8"(4'...
i'=" ( (=(4 5 E6$9 M ="$4, D= #'= " ). D 8(59A$ 36$ "$&$3 ?E4$ "$ (S$ $"$ '3"$ 5 $ !9... 5!8' & ;8(= , 9 V' (4 6$5 5 ='5 !, 8(M3 ='S 8... (?(=( D= #'= "$ &$ $4 Z ' 6'3 =$8 (), $ $ 9 'S("! "(=(5 Z5! N 8 6' ='5'8... (D'"'8 " M(, 6 '4#'4'5$.) f6(3 ( ' 5Z3$ 3$-" ? 3! 2= " 7 '4$(6" . i(4' 6 '8, S ' <'"5 $" " :$6= 4'6 S &$5 =(4 459... (^$"$6(5)». R'6 '=9Z, '"A'6 $ &$8(S$ (4!"$9. ^$8( ! (, S ' =$3 A 9 5$8' ? B5 6$ &$ 5A("'B "$= W$( 59 #4$6"'B #(=' "(B: "( '" 8$9, S ' =' &'W4', 65 '8 "$9 3$6"' &$?E EB N &'3, '"$ "(6'4!"' #'6'= =$63 . %?=$( 6" 8$" (, ' =' &"'5 '54(3" ( 54'6$ 6 !(5( - S '?E &$56 3( (4!5 6'6$ ! 58(= ! 3'64( 6'= ! &$'""'( 4Z?' E 5 6' &= (4(B, 6=$S$ &6$ ! "( "$3'. 2 "$ '"(A, 65 '8" (, S ' (=(3 "( 3$6W(B59 ' E 'B 5$8' ? B5 6$ D=( 4(6 ='#'6$= 6$( 59 ' 56'(8 4$"(, &3(5! M( "( " (3 "'#' "$8( $ "$ (#' =(W(" (, '3"$ ' 5$8' ? B5 6' 6 ?'4!W(B 5 ( (" =$63' '3'?"'. [>. 7$?' '6 6ES(= " 4 N ' ' =E6' .]
377
1868 - 1936 > '6(5 «i( 5 6'» :'=! B 65 '8 "$( ' M &" 6 3'8( (#' 3(3$ ' 8$ (= "5 'B 4 " >$5 4 9 <$W = "$. 25'= 9 3= S$Z[$9! i(3 ?E4 M(5 ' 8 &6(=#'8, $ 36'( (#' 3( (B, ' '=E8 8$4!S = V'3 459 4(89"" '8, V' ! ?E4 &$ #$"E ' A'8, 5$8 6 56'Z 'S(=(3! 65Z M &"! &8E6$4 5! "$3 M("$8 3( !8 . %?5 $"'6 $ 6 3'8( 54$#$4$5! & ?(5 '"(S"'B ?=$" , ?(558E54(""'B #=E&" , M(5 ' 'B '= , ' ='6(""'B "$M 6E "E4EV 8'4 6. «; 8(M3 =' $8 Z=!8'B, W( ? '#=$b :'=! '#' ;4( 5$"3= X'5 ", - 5=(3 "( ='5EV$Z[(B =95 "E 4 AE, 5 '94 3'8$, '= S"(6E(, &(4("E(, ?(4E(, "' 65Z3 6 " V, $ <$W = "EV, 55'= 4 5! &-&$ = #'=(4'#' ='#$ 5 5W(#' 8'4' $, $ M( =$&64( $4 5! 8(" "$8 '8 " $8 , 5E '5 !Z 3' W(B 6E 6 'B 3' 56 "5 6$». i(4' =' 5V'3 4' 6 7 M"(8 7'6#'='3(, 6 5=(3( V M( "( 3$ - ' (5 ! 8([$"5 'B, &$" 8$6W(B ='8(M 'S"'( '4'M(" ( 8(M3 =(5 !9"5 6'8 " M"(B 5 ("!Z 5=(3"(? =M $&"'#' 4$55$. f =$ 6 ='S" Z 569&! 5 &(84(B, N ' 4$55 4Z3(B "( = '?=(4 6&$8(" " S(#', S ' 8'#4' ?E &$ '4" ! '?=$&'6$6W Z59 5 ' , (=("94 V 3W ( '=' 5=(3"(#' 54'9 ?(& 5 $Z[ V V 3'?='3( (4(B. f ' A$ 'M( ?E4' "(5S$5 4 6'( 3( 5 6', "' 6E='5 '" =( =$5"E8 3'?=E8 S(4'6( '8. %" 8(=, '#3$ 5E" 5 '4" 4'5! S( E=( #'3$, '63'6(6W(B 8$ (= = W4'5! 6(=" !59 6 ='3"'( #"(&3' '5(4 !59 $8 5 (( #" 5"E8 5(8(B5 6'8. g3 "5 6(""'( 56( 4'( 6'5 '8 "$" ( (V 4( 569&$"' :'=! '#' 5 '?=$&'8 ?$? W , ''=$9, "(58' =9 "$ '8(=& (4!" Z '?5 $"'6 6 3'8(, 5'V=$" 4$ 5S$5 4 6EB ' 8 &8 '#='8"EB &$ $5 3'?=' E. @ W! ?4$#'3$=9 (B 8$4!S '"94, S ' "$ 56( ( ?E6$( 5S$5 !( S ' M &"! - N ' (5 ! 5S$5 !( "(58' =9 " "$ S '.
378
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g8 6"'6! = W4'5! 9M(4' =$?' $ !, '" "$"9459 '3= S"E8 ( $=9, (#' =$?'S B 3("! ='3'4M$459 S( E="$3A$ ! S$5'6. >5 '=( '" 5 $4 S$5 6'6$ ! 6 =(6'4ZA '""'8 '3 '4!(, #3( 65 =( 4 ?'4(( ?4 & V ' 3 V 4Z3(B, S(8 6 ( $="(. 2 '- =(M"(8 S $4 65( S ' 8'# - V 3'M(5 6("" Z "$ S" Z, 5'A $4!" Z 8(3 A "5 Z 4 (=$ = , 65(, S ' 8'# 3'5 $ !. > 6'&=$5 ( 19 4( '" E $459 ' '"S ! 5 5'?'B. X$"$ ' $&$4$5! ' $5"'B, "' '" 6E&3'='6(4. ^$ 5 $, "$B3(""$9 "(#' 6 $=8$"(, #4$5 4$: «> 58(= 8'(B ='W '?6 " ! "(8(A '#' 'N $ :(B"(, 6E3 8$6W(#' & ?" Z ?'4! 6 5(=3A(...» %" 5V'3 4 (W '8 65Z X'55 Z, 3'W(4 3' \'5 6E ' 3$ ' =$6 459 =98 '8 D'45 '8 . D'45 '#' "( ?E4' 3'8$, "' #=$b "9 = #4$5 4$ (#' 6 V"Z #'5 4$ 'b( 5 ? 4'S $8 . %"$ &$8( 4$, S ' 8 M 5 ( $( 59 "(58( "'( S 54' ?='39#, 5 S(8 :'=! B 6(M4 6' 5'#4$5 459. >(=" 6W 5! 6 7 M" B, '" '5(4 459 5 36 89 =(6'4ZA '"(=$8 , 6E54$""E8 & <$&$" &$ S$5 ( 6 5 3("S(5 V 3(8'"5 =$A 9V. <'#3$ '4 A 9 '4 S 4$ = $& $=(5 '6$ ! '3"'#' & " V '?"$= M 4$, S ' '" 4 &" 4, '"$ $=(5 '6$4$ :'=! '#'. «<$ 'B 6E =(6'4ZA '"(=? - 5 $&$4 (8 "$ 3' ='5( M$"3$=85 B #("(=$4. - >E W ( 6''?[(... >' '#3$ 9 6E [ 6$5, ' $M ( 6$W = ' 5 <'='4(" '». R'54( 8(59A$ Z=(8"'#' &$ 4ZS(" 9 :'=! '#' '56'?'3 4 , '" '54(3'6$4 5'6( M$"3$=85 '#' #("(=$4$ ' =$6 459 <'='4(" ', ' '='#' 'M( '3'&=(6$4 6
379
=(6'4ZA '""EV 5 8 $ 9V. <'='4(" ' ?E4 'S("! 3'?=E8 S(4'6( '8, &6(5 "E8, V' 9 6 '='=$&=93"E8 5$ (4(8 4Z? 8A(8 " (44 #("A . %" $ =$5 = '6$4 5'S "(" 9 :'=! '#', S ' ' "$3'4#' '5 $6 4 4 (=$ = (V$4 6 X'5 '6, #3( '=' '( 6=(89 ? =4$S 4 "$ >'4#(. D$ 8 '?=$&'8, ' "Z3! "( <'='4(" ', $ "( ' ;4( 5$"3= <$4ZM"EB - '4 S(5 B 55E4!"EB, 5 ' '=E8 '" 54 S$B"' '&"$ '8 459 6 D b4 5(, '8'# :'=!'8 6'B 6 4 (=$ = . %S$='6$""EB (#' =$5'S"E8 =$55 $&$8 '? 6 3(""'8 6 ?(5S 54(""EV 5 $" 9V, <$4ZM"EB "$5 'BS 6' 5'6( '6$4 :'=! '8 &$ 5$ ! V 6 'B ='5 '3 W"'B 8$"(=(, 6 ' '='B '" V =$55 $&E6$4. <'#3$ =$55 $& ?E4 "$ 5$", '" M( ' "(5 "$ (S$ $4 (#' 6 8(5 "'B #$&( (. a ' 54 S 4'5! 6 1892 #., :'=! '8 5'4" 4'5! 24 #'3$. R'&3"(( <'='4(" ' 65( M( 'S("! '8'# :'=! '8 - "( '4! ' A(""E8 5'6( '8, "' =$?' 'B : '" "$W(4 (8 8(5 ' 6 =(3$ A #$&( E, #3( 5$8 5' = 3" S$4. > ' #'3 :'=! B ' " 459 6 =$?' 5 #'4'6'B. Y(3"9#$ S 459, 5'6(=W("5 6'6$4 56'B 5 4! 65( 6=(89 5$4 =$55 $&E, ' '=E( ' '8 (S$ $4 5! 6 #$&( (. > '"A( N '#' #'3$ '" '4 S 4 &6(5 "'5 !, '54( S(#' '5E $4 5! =(34'M(" 9 & 8(5 "EV #$&( . %" = "94 =(34'M(" ( & 7 M"(#' 6(=" 459 6 ='3"'B #'='3. > 56'(B 5 ='6'B ='&( '" '3S(= " ' '?"$M$4 #'=! Z =$63 5'6=(8(""'B = 55 'B M &" . 2 65( M( $M3$9 (#' 5 ='S $ 3EW$4$ "( '?(3 8'B 6(='B 6 S(4'6( $. <$ " 5 =$""', N ' V 3'M" "( = #493"(BW V 5 '='" M &" , (( &6(= "'B M(5 ' '5 ?E4 6 ' M( 6=(89 6(4 S$BW 8 ' 8 5 '8 = 55 'B 4 (=$ =E. %" "( 5 =E6$4 56' V =(6'4ZA '""EV 5 8 $ B, S ' 5 '5'?5 6'6$4' (#' ' 49="'5 5=(3 =$3 $4!"'B " (44 #("A , "' '3"'6=(8(""' &$5 $6 4' '4 A Z 5 4 ! ?3 (4!"'5 !, $ $ '" M( 3$6"' &"$S 459 6 5 5 $V '3'&= (4!"EV. C '=' (#' $=(5 '6$4 - = '?E5 ( 3= #'#' $=(5 '6$""'#' =(6'4ZA '"(=$ "$W4 (#' b' '#=$b Z 5 3$=5 6(""'B "$3 5!Z, - "' ' '8 6E 5 4 &$ ' 5 5 6 (8 4 . %" 6(=" 459 6 7 M" B, #3( 5"'6$ '36(=#59 '4 A(B5 '8 "$3&'= . g#' 36 VN $M"EB 3(=(69""EB 3'8 ( (=! = #4E( 5 ' = M$4 5 =$""E( 4Z3 . %3 " & " V, 5 39 "$ 8?(, 3(4$4 6 3, S ' 58' = 6
380
"(?'. i= #'B 5 '94, = 54'" 6W 5! b'"$=Z, 9 '?E '#= & 6W 5! 6 #$&( . < S(=, 5 3(6W B "$ '&4$V N $M$, '3'#"$""'#' $=$3"E8 36(=98, 'M( 6(4 5(?9 "('?ES"' - '" 'V' "' 5'#4$W$459 6'& ! :'=! '#' (#' #'5 (B V' 9 ?E ?(5 4$ "'. >5( N 4Z3 ?E4 '?E "'6(""E8 5E[ $8 . :'=! B &$"9459 ?4$#' 6'= (4!"'B 3(9 (4!"'5 !Z. f5 =$ 6$4 ='M3(5 6("5 ( ?4$#' 6'= (4!"E( '?(3E 349 ?(3"EV 3( (B, ' =E4 = Z 349 ?(&=$?' "EV ?(&3'8"EV 5 ? ?4 ' ( 'B $" "', =$55E4$4 3(=(6("5 8 =(?9 W $8 $4!?'8E 349 "$4( 6$" 9 6E=(&' & M ="$4'6. 2 68(5 ( 5 (8 '" $ 5 4!"' 64( 59 =(6'4ZA '""'B =$?' 'B, S ' 3$M( "(4(#$4!"' (=( =$6 4 & R( (=? =#$ 8 8('#=$b 349 &3$" 9 '3 '4!"'B 4 (=$ =E 6 7 M"(8 7'6#'='3(. a ' ?E4' 5(=!(&"E8 "$= W(" (8. C"'6$ '54(3'6$4 $=(5 Z=!8$. < '8 6=(8(" '" M( ?E4 9M(4' ?'4(". %?[(5 6(""'( 8"(" (, 5 ' '=E8 6 3'=(6'4ZA '""'B X'55 "(4!&9 ?E4' "( 5S $ !59, '33(=M 6$4' :'=! '#' &' 65(V 5 4. g#' &$[ [$4 D'45 'B, ' 65(B X'55 =' $ 4$5! 6'4"$ =' (5 '6. R=$6 (4!5 6' 6E" M3("' ?E4' 5 ! '?[(5 6(""'8 8"(" Z: :'=! '#' 6E 54 & Z=!8E, '" 'S 459 '3 3'8$W" 8 $=(5 '8. «D( (=! "(#' 6 = V'M(B "$ V"( 5 3(4 '4 A(B5 (. %3 " & " V 65( 6=(89 6V'3 4 "(8 6 $? "( », =$55 $&E6$( ? '#=$b. %3"$ ' "(8"'#' '#'39 8E 6 3 8, S ' :'=! B 5"'6$ « = "9459 &$ =$?' , S$5 ' 5$4 ' "'S$8» , 65 =( 6 "$ 4 A( &"$ '8'#', ?(&89(M"' &$#'6'= 4 5 " 8 ' "('?V'3 8'5 =(6'4ZA . C $M(8 =98', '?=$[$4 5! 5 " 8 "( 54 W '8 5 ='6'. (:'5?(&' $5"'5 ! 5 = 4$ ?E (#' 6 '3 " 8 #.) >5 =(6'M(""E( 64$5 6E54$4 (#' 6 ;=&$8$5 - #4 V'B #'='3 W ' "$ Z#( X'55 . «7$5 4 ( "$3 :'=! 8 6E&6$4' #"(6"'( '5 M3(" ( @(" "$», W( X'5 ". X$&6 6W$959 "(#' ?'4(&"! - S$V' $, $ j(V'6$ 6 55E4 ( '?'5 = 4$5!, 3= &!9, 6 4ZS$9 D'45 '#', "$3$6 4 "$ 64$5 . :'=! '8 =$&=(W 4 '(V$ ! 6 <=E8. g[( =$"!W(, 6 ;=&$8$5(, '3 5$8E8 "'5'8 5( =( "'B '4 A '" &$" 8$459 =(6'4ZA '""'B 3(9 (4!"'5 !Z.
381
^3(5! M( '" "$ 5$4 !(5 «\([$"(», &$ V4'5 !, ' = M$6W ( (#' 6 3( 5 6(.
&'?=$& 6 5
%"$ "( '4 S 4$ 'B &6(5 "'5 , ' '=$9 6E $4$ "$ 3'4Z (#' 54(3 Z[(B !(5E, «7$ 3"(». «g[( 6 <=E8 , 5 39 $ - ' 6(S(='8 6 (8"' ( "$ (==$5(, :'=! B 8(S$4 654 V ' ? 3 [(B !(5(. %" =$55 $&E6$4, S ' #4$6"E8 3(B5 6 Z[ 8 4 A'8 96 59 4$ (B & ?'#$ '#' 3'8$, ' $6W B 6 "'S4(M M( "( 6E?=$6W B59 ' 3$. Y'4!W( 65(#' '" ?(=(# 6'=' " S' ' b=$S"'B = ?$W - (3 "5 6(""'(, S ' 569&E6$4' (#' 5 =(M"(B M &"!Z. > "'S4(M ( ?E4' (5"', '? $ (4 (( "("$6 3(4 3= # 3= #$. 7' 6 '54(3"(8 $ ( "$5 $4$ 6(5"$, 5A("$ &$'4"94$5! 5'4"(S"E8 56( '8, "'S4(M" 6E? =$4 5! & 56'(#' 58=$3"'#' M 4!9, &$?E6$4 ' "("$6 5 ...» (;.X'5 ". «\$ 5 8 :'=! B».) <'#3$ !(5$ «7$ 3"(» ?E4$ ' '"S("$, 5 (V (( =(6&'W(4 'M 3$" 9 $6 '=$. <$M3EB (=5'"$M, 6E6(3(""EB 6 !(5(, - M 6'( 4 A' "$5 '9[(( =$&3'4!( 349 V'='W(#' $ (=$. R'5 $"'6 '5 [(5 6 4 \'5 '65 B e 3'M(5 6(""EB ($ =, ' '=EB =$&3(4 4 (( "( 8'6(="EB 5 (V: !(5$ ='54$6 4$5! "$ 6(5! 8 =.
***
7$6(="'(, 5(BS$5 8(5 "' 5 $&$ ! "(5 '4! ' 54'6 '? N '8 3 6 (4!"'8 ($ =(. i' (#' 6'&" "'6(" 9 5$8'( &E5 $""'( 8("Z, ' '='( 8'#4 '4 S ! ='55 B5 ( ($ =$4E, 6 '5"'6"'8 =(34$#$4'5! 5 '4 S"E8 8 (=$'=5 8 ($ =$8 . f " V ?E4' 3'5 $ 'S"' 5=(35 6, S '?E = 64(S! 5$8E( 3'='#'5 '9[ ( $4$" E, "' 6'$6494 V 4Z3 6(5!8$ '"5(=6$ 6"E(, S ' 6 5 55 6( "(=(3 ' = 6'3 ?'#'5 '#=$" S(""'5 , $ S ' 3$M( 4 SW ( '5 $"'6 ' 4 S$4 5! "('?ES$B"'B ?$"$4!"'5 !Z. %3"$ ' 349 $4$" 4 6'#' $ (=$ 6E5W 8 3'5 M(" (8 5S $4$5! =$?' $ "$ 8 (=$ '=5 'B 5A("(, $ $ S$5 "E( ($ =E ='&9?$4 6 ?(3"'5 " $ "( 8'#4 5' (=" S$ ! 5 8 (=$ '=5 8 .
382
<'#3$ C $" 54$65 B 7(8 ='6 S-i$"S(" ' '5"'6$4 56'B "(?'4!W'B ($ =, '4'M(" ( 65 '=( 5 $4' 8("9 !59. 2& 3'6'4!"' &$ =93"'#' =(3 = 9 9 ($ = "$S$4 = ?4 M$ !59 '8 , S(8 '" 3'4M(" ?E ! - V=$8'8 '34 ""'#' ' 'S(""'#' 5 55 6$. \'5 '65 B e 3'M(5 6(""EB ($ = 5 [(5 6'6$4 5 4ZS (4!"' "$ S$5 "E( 5=(35 6$ (#' '5"'6$ (4(B V "(8"'#'S 54(""EV 3= &(B "( " M3$459 6 ?'4!W'8 b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f64(S(""E( 5 4!"(BW 8 6'=S(5 8 '=E6'8 '5"'6$ (4(B ($ =$, $ (=E, M 6W ( '3"'B '#='8"'B 5(8!(B, 6E 4$3E6$4 5! "$ $M3'B '5 $"'6 ( $ , 54'6"' N ' ?E4 (3 "5 6(""EB 5 ( $ 4! 6 V M &" . > N '8 #'=(" S 65 6'6$4 5! 'S =(4 # '&"EB 6'5 '=# ='#$ (4!"'( 5$8' 'M(= 6'6$" (. X$?' $ = E ' 4 S$4$5! 3 6 (4!"'B 54$M(""'5 !Z. ; (=E &$?' 4 5! =(M3( 65(#' '? 5 (V( 65(B = E, $ "( ' 56'(8 5'?5 6(""'8. > &$4 &$ =([$4'5! 6V'3 ! '54( '3"9 9 &$"$6(5$. ; 4'3 ='6$ ! 8(M3 5A("$8 ?E4' "( = "9 '. D$ '6 ?E4 3 V N '#' ($ =$. j ' M( $5$( 59 (#' #4$6"EV 3(B, ' '=E( =' &6(4 =(6'4ZA Z 6 = 55 '8 ($ =(, =(6=$ 6 "(8"'#' '3=$M$ (4!"'( S=(M3(" (, 65(#3$ #' '6'( &$ 85 6'6$ ! "'5 =$""E( = (8E, '54( '#' $ V [$ (4!"' ' =$?' $4 6 &$ $3"EV ($ -
383
=$V, 6 6(4 '( 6'=S(5 '( '?c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j ' ?E " #'6'= 4 '? N 'B 5 5 (8(, '3"' "(5'8"(""': (54 $4$" 4 6E( 4Z3 '3V'39 5 55 6 5 (3 "5 6(""'B A(4!Z 5 =(""(#' 54 M(" 9 (8 6 '4" Z 8(= 56' V 5 '5'?"'5 (B, =(& 4! $ 65(#3$ 6'&"$#=$M3$( 5 $=$" 9. D$ 54 S 4'5! 5 e 3'M(5 6(""E8 ($ ='8. f5 (V (#' ?E4 '#='8(". i4 ""E( 'S(=(3 6E5 =$ 6$4 5! ([( 3"(8, S '?E ='? !59 6 "(?'4!W'B 6(5 ?Z4!, 5$8E( $4$" 4 6E( 8'4'3E( $ (=E 5 $4 6'&8'M"'5 (=(B 8'5 6 S$8, =(3 'S $9 V 8 (=$ '=5 8 ($ =$4!"E8 = $8. C '=' ($ =$ ='3 4'5! "(5 '4!' b 4 $4'6 - R(=6$9, > '=$9 D=( !9 5 3 , 5'V=$"96W ( ='S" Z 569&! 5 ' S 8 3'8'8, V' 9 $M3$9 36 #$4$5! 6 56'(8 5'?5 6(""'8 V 3'M(5 6(""'8 "$ =$64(" . YE4 5'&3$" ($ =-5 3 9 :$? 8$, #3( #=$4 "$ 3 W, V' 9 4 SW B =(M 55(= 5 '4" (4 ?E4 "( (6=(98 . a $ 5 3 9 5$8'5 '9 (4!"' 3'? 4$5! "('?ES$B"'#' 5 (V$. %3" 8 & 4 SW V $ (='6 \'5 '65 '#' e 3'M(5 6(""'#' ($ =$ ' 5 =$""'B 54 S$B"'5 ?E4 (#' '5"'6$ (4! =(M 55(= 9 ?E 3'?$6 4, (#' '4"'64$5 "EB #4$6$ C $" 54$65 B, 6 ' 6=(89 $ 7(8 ='6 S-i$"S(" ' '5$6$459 5' =$6 (4(8 6 '=E8 =(M 55(='8. C$8EB ?'4!W'B 5 (V "$ 5A("( ($ =$ '4 S 4 !(5E j(V'6$, «7$ 3"(» :'=! '#' "( ' '=E( 3= # (. 7' S(V'65 ( !(5E «7$ 3"(» " '#3$ "( 5S(&$4 & =(-
384
(= $=$ , 6(='9 "', ? 3 N '#' ($ =$.
"$6(
569&$"E 5
8("(8
> "$S$4( 1905 #. - 6 $" " $ "$&E6$(8'B (=6'B = 55 'B =(6'4ZA - 64$5 = $&$4 6'B5 $8 =$55 =(49 ! '4 =$?'S V, 5 =' 6W V 8 =" Z 3(8'"5 =$A Z, S '?E 3'5 $6 ! ( A Z A$=Z. R'&3"(( 5 $4' &6(5 "', S ' 3(8'"5 =$A Z '=#$" &'6$4 36'B"'B $#(" , $#(" ='6' $ '= =$6 (4!5 6$. D'4 E 4Z3(B, 6 '8 S 54( 3( , 5 $4 M(= 6$8 N 'B =$5 =$6E. :'=! B "$ 5$4 =(W (4!"'( '?=$[(" ( «<' 65(8 = 55 8 #=$M3$"$8 '?[(5 6(""'8 8"(" Z (6=' (B5 V #'5 3$=5 6», #3( "$&E6$4 N 5'?E 9 =(3 8EW4(""E8 ? B5 6'8, $ A$=9 - #4$6"E8 $4$S'8. g5 (5 6(""', '" ?E4 $=(5 '6$". 7$ 5(B =$& 6'4"$ =' (5 '6 =' 6 (#' $=(5 $ =' $ 4$5! ' 65(B g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l $ $V '" 6E5 $4 "$ 8 "#$V, ='3'4M$9 =$&'?4$S$ ! ='55 B5 '( =$6 (4!5 6'. ^3(5! M( '" "$ 5$4 56'Z 34 "" Z '6(5 ! «\$ !» - 6([! 96"' 6 '='#' 5'= $. C N '#' 6=(8(" :'=! B (=((&M$( &$ #=$" A 5 $"'6 59 ?4 & 8 3= #'8 @(" "$. > 1913 #. ?E4$ '?c964("$ $8" 5 9, :'=! B "( '4! ' 6(=" 459 6 X'55 Z, "' 3$M( 8 3= 459 &3$6$ ! 6 "(B 6' 6=(89 6'B"E 56'Z «@( '5!». R'54( ?'4!W(6 5 5 '#' (=(6'=' $ '5("!Z 1917 #. :'=!B 5" 5 $4 '#='8"'( 6$M(" ( @(" "$ 3= # V ?'4!W(6 5 5 V 4 3(='6. > 4 (=$ ="EV = #$V '" 'M( '4 S 4 W =' Z &6(5 "'5 !. % "(559 '" "(B 5 ''B"' 5 ='8"', '" 8$9, S ' 5 3"'( '?=$&'6$" ( "(
385
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j<. e 3'M(5 6(""EB $4$" :'=! '#' "( A(""'5 . 7' '" "( 4 W(" " (=(5$ $ = 55 'B '?[(5 6(""'B M &" .
8(( ?'4!W'B 9= '( 964(" (
«7$ 4' $V» (1895) >'&!8(8 =$558' = 8 = 8(= «7$ 4' $V».
S"EB
'='
B =$55 $& :'=! '#', "$-
R= #493 (5! $6 '=5 'B N 5 '& A . 7( ' \ 9 "( ' C(=#(B 5 4$649Z 4' ' W =' 'B 8$""'B >'4#(. >4$3(4(A 4' $, "$V'39[ B59 #3(- ' "$ '=8(, 5(=3 ' ' = 6$( , $ C(=#(B ?'=8'S( , 3' S $ (49 3'"'5 59 (#' ?'=8' $" (: «%= ! D6'B- ' S$V4EB 5E" 5'4'8 " ' '4("' "( (=(4'8 , $ E (#' "$ = 4! 5 $6 W!, 3$ '=(W! ' '8 "$ 65Z =( (6 4' ! 3' S $ (49). h$4! ?E4' ([( =$?' " $ "$"9 ! '[(Z-5"'V$S . 7 , =6 ( (=! #4' - '!» ;6 '= 6E3(49( (#' '54(3" ( 54'6$ - '3"'8 Y'# &6(5 "', 5 '4! ' 5$ (4(B '?E#=E6$4 N ' = (8, - ' '=E( C(=#(B ='=ES$4 3'5 $ 'S"' #='8 ', S '?E V 54EW$4 (6 '8 S 54( S $ (4!, ?' $ '#' ='3$ N 5 '& A 9 6E#493 "('?ES"', $ (=6$9 5A("$ $ 'B-" ? 3! 5 $='B '?4( W(B !(5E, #3( 54 #$ #'=" S"$9, 6E =$9 E4!, 5 3$S$ ' 56' V #'5 '3$V). >5 '=( & 34 ""'#' 8'"'4'#$ C(=#(9 8E &"$(8, S ' ' (A "$W(4 \ ( V'='W("! Z M(" , $ ' '8 5 $4 M !
386
5 "(6(5 'B. C(=#(B, &3'='6EB A " , 58(( 59 "$3 [(3 W"E8 'V'"3= '8 \ (B, '" &$ (6$Z 8"'#'54'6"EB =$&#'6'=, = '= S(5 B b$4!W 6EB, ' '=EB :'=! B '?ES"' 66'3 6 $ V 54 S$9V. \ 9 '?c95"9( , S ' '" V'S( 65 ! 6 =(4 # '&" Z 5( , ?(3"EB S $ (4! 6E" M3(" &$#49" ! 6 #4 ? "E 5 $='B 3'?='B = 55 'B 3 W . i(B5 6 ( (=("'5 59 "$ 3= #'B '"(A 4' $, #3( 8E 6 3 8 ' A$ 5 (#' 6'&4Z?4(""'B \$=!(B, \ "'B M("'B. a ' 6'4(6'B, 9= B (=5'"$M, S$5 ' 65 =(S$Z[ B59 6 ?(44( = 5 (. %"$ - '?'4!5 (4!"$9 M("[ "$, &# ?$Z[$959 $ 'W $ ( 4 =E5!) = M 8$Z[$959 56'(8 4Z?'6" , ' '=EB 5'? =$( 59 5 $&$ ! =(S!. \E 6"'6! 54EW 8 "( '4! ' =(& Z $6 '=5 Z " '"$A Z, "' 'S 6 3 8 (#', ='? =$Z[(#'59 5=(3 56' V #(='(6 '3$Z[(#' 8 =( 4 . «:=(V 3(4$Z, 'S"'. ^"$Z. 7 S ' M?» - #'6'= 5 $= . - «D9M ' (8 ? ^"$Z. ; 8"(?» C $=$95!, S '?E '?$ 3 $4'#$ - 8(M3 \ (B C(=#((8 8(M3 ' A'8 \$=!(B &6 S$4 ?'4(( =$63' '3'?"', $6 '= $ ' E "EB 3=$8$ =# "( =(8 " 4 &$8( !, S ' #(='B «#'6'= 4 6(3!», "$S( S $ (4Z = W4'5! ?E "(3' 8(6$ !, 5 $ 'B 5 $" M"' ?E4' '8([$ ! N $=E "$ 4' , 4E6 [ B ' >'4#(, "$69&E6$9 8 =$&#'6'= '? V M &"(""EV '44 & 9V. C 3= #'B 5 '='"E, (54 #(=' 3(B5 6 (4!"' ' 3(4' 6'&6=$[$Z 59 56' 8 =$&#'6'=$8, = 3"' '6(= !, S ' 4' V 3$-" ? 3! = 4E6( . @Z3 "( 'S("! 5 4'""E 8"'#'54'6 Z, '#3$ '" 36 M 59 5 6'&! 8$" ' W =' 'B '4"'6'3"'B =( (, "' N ' (5 !, ' 8'(8 8"(" Z, #'4EB =($4 &8. 7$5 $( =$556( , :'=! '8 3$( 59 '(-S ' '38(! 6 (B&$M(: «?4(3"'- & 8= 3"EB '6(= 4 #'6 ?4(5 (4 ?= 4!9" $8 ='5E» (3'6'4!"'- $ «Z6(4 ="$9» $= "$). D(8 6=(8("(8 "$ 4' ' (A =(34$#$( \$=!( ? ! \ Z, "$ # ?$V (( #=$( «&$#$3'S"$9 4E? $». ^$"$6(5. ^$8( ! (, S ' 5V(8$ &8 :'=! '65 V #(='(6 8(V$" S(5 '( '5 ='(" ( =$55 $&$ 6'5V'39 3$6"' 8(= 6'8 M$"= "=$6' S (4!"'B ?$5" 4 5=(3"(6( '6EV «8'=$4 (». 2 '?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ (#' " & B 4! ="EB ='6("! ( '-= 55 '" "$&E6$( 59 5(63' " (44 #(" "'5 !Z), S ' 5'6(=W(""' ? B5 6(""' 349 5$ (49,
387
'?3(4(""'#' '5 =' 'B &=(" 9 6''?=$M(" (8 (5 '5'?"E8 6'= ! S 3(5$ '3 (='8 3$M( "('?=$&'6$""'#' $6 '=$). C V$9 =$55 3'S"'5 ! 5 =$5 ! 3' $&$ (4!5 6$8, S '?E 8( ! 8$4'-8$4!5 B 5 (V, =(? Z ' =(3(4(""'#' " (44( $4!"'#' =$&8$V$, ' '=EB :'=! '#' "$ ='S! ' 5 5 6'6$4. j 65 6 9, S ' ?'#'5 ! (#' 3$=$ V$' S(5 '( "$#='8'M3(" ( 3(B =(? Z S(#'- ' 6&$8(", '" 6(S"' 6E 5 6$4 5"'#5W ?$ (4!"E( b$ E, =$?' $4 "$ =(& V '" =$5 $V, '?"$M$4 5 '4 "'6(" 9, 5 =(8 459 '=$& ! ' =95 6''?=$M(" (, '5 '4!(#' $ "$&E6$(8E( 8'# [(5 6(""E(, "(' =$& 8E( =$55 $&E 6'3 4 ?4$#'5 4'""'#' S $ (49 ' 659 'B '?c( 6"'B 'A(" , :'=! B =' &6(4 "('M 3$""' 5 4!"'( 6 (S$ 4(" ( "$ = 55 V, $ &$ (8 &$= ?(M"EV S $ (4(B. d 56' 8 W$8 54EW$4, $ 8"(BW ( 4Z3 6(=M3$4 , S ' 5(" 8(" $4!"EB =$55 $&(A «i6$3A$ ! W(5 ! '3"$» - 5 ""EB W(3(6=. a 36$3A$ ! W(5 ! &#'(6 =$?' $Z 6 '36$4(, 6 'S(=(3"'B ( $="(; #= ?E(, "(' (5$""E(, 5 6(="'54'69[ ( 8 M ' = M$Z 'S =(4 # '&"E8 '?'M$" (8 Z" Z ?$=EW"Z, ' '=$9 (M(3"(6"' = V'3 " 8 &$ V4(?'8, $ &$ (8, '#3$ (( 5'?4$&"9( 5'43$ , #4 89 59 "$3 "(B. >' N '- ' ' $&$4'5! S $ (4Z S(8- ' "'6E8, V' 9 = ?4 M$BW(8 =$558' =(" ' $&E6$( 59, S ' =$55 $& '?=$&S &$ =93"'B 8(4'3=$8E 4 =$3 A '""'#' 4'5 '#' 5(" 8(" $4!"'#' M$"=$ 6 (#' "$ V 3W(8 6$= $" (. > "(8 "( " '3"'#' M 6'#' 54'6$, " (3 "'B '= # "$4!"'B b=$&E, '3" #' '6E( W $8 E, 5 4'W"$9 $ ' $ 5 "(?'4!W 8 '4 S(5 6'8 ' ' , = 8(W$""'B ='6"' "$5 '4! ', S '?E = 64(S! 6" 8$" (. % 5Z3$ - 65(#' '3 " W$# 3' $ =E.
"$&E6$(8'B 5'6( 5 'B 4
(=$
-
388
" ,
"
\([$" " - N ' 6&='54EB S(4'6( 5 =$ S"E8 8'8, '=E5 "E8 , '?[( = "9 E8 " (=(5$8 " &8(""E8 3($4$8 56'(#' 6=(8(" 56'(B 5=(3E. d #'6'=Z 8(""' ' «6&='54'8», 5'4 3"'8 S(4'6( (, $ $ =(?("' 4 '3='5 ' 5 '6$3 $8 8([$" "$ - 65(#' 4 W! ' #$B, '3=$M$Z[ B 8$"(=$8 &$ '"S(""EV '?E6$ (4(B; 6(3! ' #$(8 ?E ! 4(#S(, S(8 ?(4'B 6'='"'B. %?E6$ (4! 8([$" " - 6 $ 'B- ' 5 ( (" 5 "'" 8E: 6 '?E6$ (4( 3= S$( "( 5 '4! ' (#' '65(8(5 "'5 !, 5 '4! ' 5$8$ 6 4!#$="'5 ! "( ' '=EV (#' =(35 $64(" B. g#' 8'M"' "$&6$ ! «?4$#'6'5 $""E8» «? =M $&"E8». Y4$#'6'5 $""'5 ! =(3 '4$#$( #$4$" (=(B" Z, &E5 $"" Z 6 4!#$="'5 !, ' '=$9 ?E6$( V M( ='5 '3 W"'B #= ?'5 . XE#" ! 6 '?[(5 6( - #= ?', "' =E#" ! 5 $&$ !: «R='W ='[(" 9» - "( ='5 ' 6 4!#$="', "' ([( M(8$""'. R'"9 ( «? =M $&"'5 !» 9 &$85 6 Z O4'?(=$, $ "( \$= 5$. Y =M $&"'5 ! 6' b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b=$"A &5 B ?Z=' =$ 4 5'6( 5 B #=$M3$" ". f @(" "$, C $4 "$ : 4(=$ =(35 $64(" ( '? 5 55 6( "$ ( ?E4' "$5 6'&! ? =M $&"E8. X$?'S B 4 W$V (= "(=(3' ' $&E6$Z 59 $ 8 M( ' ='6(""E8 ? =M $, $ ?$" '65 B 54 M$[ B 4 #'44 6 35 $9 &6(&3$.
389
\([$"( $Z 59 &$ $5'8 ?$"$4!"EV 3(B, = ?(#$9 &? E8 b=$&$8 4 W(, V =(S! &'? 4 ( 5 4E8 , "(6E=$& (4!"E8 54'6$8 . 25 ""EB '?E6$ (4! 6(5! 5' $" & N V &$ =93"EV, ?'# V 8E54(B, ='8( " V "(#' " S(#' "( . 7' "$3' = &"$ !, S ' 6 $M3'8 & "$5 5 3 N $ &$ 4 W ='6$""$9 5 ["'5 !, 65( 8E 6 '65(3"(6"'B =(S = ?(#$(8 54'6$8-W $8 $8, =(6=$[$9 V 6 &"$ b'=8 4E. a ' "( '&"$S$( , '3"$ ', S ' 65( 4Z3 - '?E6$ (4 , "' =(3'5 (=(#$( ' 8$W "$4!"'#' '?8("$ 4Z?(&"'5 98 . > 3 W"EB 3("! $M3EB 6 '='B ='V'M B "( =(8(""' 5 ='5 6$5: «>$8 "( 'S("! M$='?» 2& N '#' "( 54(3 ( , S ' 6$W 5'?(5(3" - 'W49 . %" 8'M( ' $&$ !59 '?E "'6(""E8 ' #$(8 4 54'6''V' 4 6E8 "'5 =$"A(8. <'#3$ 6$5 5 =$W 6$Z : «<$ 'M 6$( (?» - ' 6( : «R=( =$5"'» 8'M( ='&6 S$ ! "E4E8 W $8 '8, "' "$S" 6E =$5 ='5 =$"9 !59 ' 56'(8 &3'='6!(, 6E = 5 ( ( ='54E ! (3$" '8 &$" 3'B. 2"'#3$ ?$"$4!"'5 ! - V'='W B [ 4 "$3(M"$9 4'6$ ' =$&#'6'=$ 5 3 =$ $8 . d 65 =(S$4 ='56([(""(BW V 4Z3(B - 'N '6, S("EV, ' '=E( 6 $b( '?V'3 4 5! 36 89- =(89 54'6$8 : «3$, "( , ?4$#'3$=Z 6$5». R(=5'"$M, 6E5 $Z[ B '3 8("(8 «6(4 S(5 6(""'#' 'W49 $», "( ='5 ' '?E6$ (4!-"'6 S' , "( , N ' ='b(55 '"$4!"EB M(8$"" 5 #'4'6E 3' 9 , &$ '"S(""EB ?4$#' = 5 'B"'#' ? =M $, 65(8 ="EB ='3 &$ =93"'5 '5"'5 . %" - '"b'=8 5 , = 5 '5'? 6W B59 56'(B 5=(3(. g8 = 5 [ 4M( 3($4 &8, 4M(5'5 =$3$" ( 4'M"$9 8 3='5 !. %?8$" - 6(="EB 5'Z&" "$5 '9[(#' '?E6$ (49. >(4 ( 54'6$ <=$5' $, @Z?'6!, R= ='3$ - &6 S$ 6 (#' 5 $V b$4!W 6' 56'('=E5 "'. D$ '6 j S '6 & «\(= 6EV 3 W», C 8 '4 & «e'4'3"'#' 3'8$», "$ '"(A, %8N & «\$3$8 Y'6$= ». %?E6$ (4! 4Z? 5 ! E4! 6 #4$&$ 4Z? , '#3$ N ' 3(4$Z 3= # (, 'N '8 65(#3$ 65Z3 &$ " 8 ' 9 $8 54(3 Z '?8$" 8'W("" S(5 6'. %?E6$ (4! 5 (#' "( &8(""'B 5 =$5 "'B ' =(?"'5 !Z = 5 '5'? !59, = '?[ !59, ='4(& ! =$&=E6$( 59 8(M3 5 =(84(" (8 '5 $ ! $ 65( = '?=( $( 4 " Z 6([! ' '8 , S ' '"$ (5 ! 8 44 '"'6, 5 =$5 "E8 M(4$" (8 = "$34(M$ ! &?=$""'8 = # , $55'A $A , 4 ? . %" M$M3( '5 $"$64 6$ !59 6 4 S-
390
W V ' (49V, (W(5 6'6$ ! 6 1-8 4$55( ' ($"5 '#' 4$B"(=$ 5 $ $"'8 6 ?(4'5"(M"'8 (4( 6(4 '4( "E8 5(=6 5'8. C'5(35 6' 5 #4$6'B '8 $" (6='(B5 8 $= 5 ' =$ '8 8'M( 65 = M ! (8 #'4'6 . 7(=(3 ' '" - 5"'?. Y'#$ 5 6' 4 = 6'39 (#' 6 6'5'=#: «i'='#$9, 5(#'3"9 9 ?'4 $4 5 #(=A'# "(B!» R'W49 "( 64( $( 59 "( " (=(5 ( 59 5 55 6'8, 6 '8 S 54( 4 (=$ ='B - 659 (#' = ='3$ 5 55 6 6=$M3(?"$. 7' '" 5 M$3"'5 !Z '#4'[$( 659S(5 Z "b'=8$A Z ' 4 S"' "$ =(" ='6$" 6 S (" #$&( M ="$4'6. %" =(6"'5 "EB S $ (4! «CN (=3(B 26" "# R'5 » , ='58$ = 6$9 #$&( , '?ES"' ' 'M3(5 649( 5(?9 5 #(='98 (=(3'6 A. R=(35 $6 (4! 5 4!"'#' '4$ 6''?=$M$( 5(?9 5 8 $ S"E8 5 3(?"E8 5 '4" (4(8 4 3= #'B 6$M"'B A(B, 5 $M(8, &$8 " E8 V'4'5 9 '8 5 3 W'B =(?(" $ #=' $ 6 #'4!b. g54 N ' S $ (4!" A$ - N3$ $9 8([$"'S $, '"$ 6 3 5(?9 6 ='4 '?6'='M (4!"'B, = 89"'B, ?(4' ='B 5( =( $=W (5 6 3 3(6S W $, 6 3 W( - ?4$#'S(5 6$9 8$ !, 5'S( $6W$959 &$'""E8 ?=$ '8 5' 56' 8 8'4'3A(6$ E8 W(b'8). %?E6$(4! "( ' 4 S$( '3"'#' $6 '=$ ' 3= #'#'; S $( '" 8$4' 65(#3$ 5 ' =(3(4(""'B A(4!Z, "' 8'M( 65 ! 6 '?[(5 6' ? ?4 'b 4'6 58$ '6$ ! =(4(5 "E(, =(4(5 "E( " # : 6 "(#=( & C 8'"E 3( Y'6 $=, i'5 '(65 '#', C'8(=5( $ \'N8$, «i' '=$ h 6$#'» 8$5 (='6 N 'V >'&='M3(" 9. g#' "( 'S("! " (=(5 ( M 6' 5!, "' =(5 M$ =$3 '" 'V' "' '6(5 6 #'5 "'B =( ='3 A >$" :'#$ 4 f 5 4(=$, 6 $B"( =(3 'S $9 8 7'=8$"$ X' N44$. > 56'(B = 6(=M(""'5 4 $="E8, 8$ (= $4!"E8 A(""'5 98 '" 4(# ' =(6=$[$( 59 6 M(= 6 =( 4$8"'#' ? &"(5$. C$8$ ' 5(?( =( 4$8$ 8'M( ?E ! 'S("! V'='W$ - "E( ='4 '3" 8$Z 59 3' "$5 '9[ V 6E5' 555 6$, =(S! "( '? N '8. C ! 6 '8, S ' =( 4$8$ 65(#3$ #=$( "$ '?E6$ (4!5 'B #'=3'5 '?4$3$" 9 6([!Z, ? 3! ' '8 4( " M"(#' ?(4!9 4 "$?'= 5 '4'6'#' 5(=(?=$. d 8(Z 6 6 3 ' =(3(4(""EB =( 4$8E. < = 8(= , 6 3'8( '96 459 =$3 ' = (8" 4 (4(6 &'= (8$W "$, V'4'3 4!" , '5 3$ - 65( S ' #'3"'). 2V '4! ' S ' 3'5 $6 4 & 8$#$& "$. % 3'6'4!5 6 9 8$ ! 65 4(5 6$( = $8 , 6'&? M3(""E( 3( '4 9 59 6'= #, 84$3W("! B 68(5 ( 5 5'?$ 'B 9"( 59 '8 8(5-
391
, 3$ 6'3= & 4 23'4$, 3$M( ?$? W $ 5' 65(8 56' 8 4 S 5 E8 8'=[ " $8 6 3"(( 59 #3(- ' "$ &$3"(8 4$"(, $ 6 5 '='"( ' 65(V, &$4'M 6 ?'4!W ( $4!AE 6 ='B8E M 4( $, 5 '?(3'"'5"E8 6 3'8 6E5 59 % (A, '" M( R$ $W$, '" M( :'=3(4 6EB i$= (4!. \$4!S 3(6'S 6 =( 4$8( "( &8(""' 5E $"E 6(5" W $8 , $ 8$4EW(B 65(#3$ ' 5 5 6 Z (=(3" ( & ?E. d " S(#' "( 8(Z =' 6 6(5" W( ("$ 5$8'8 3(4( '" 'S("! 3 "E8 Z"E8 5'&3$" 98). > '4"( 6'&8'M"', 5 (A $4!"'( 554(3'6$" ( '3 6(=3 , S ' ?'4!W "5 6$ 8$4("! V $8(= $"5 V #=$M3$" '" (5 !, $ 6 3= #'8 554(3'6$" 3' $M , S ' 65(V 3$S4 6EV 5 3(?"EV 5 '4" (4(B =$5 6EV 3'8'V'&9( 6 3( 5 6( '" ?E4 . R'6 '=9Z: 9 "( 8(Z " S(#' =' 6 6(5" W( $ $ '6EV. 7' 9 5S $Z "(54EV$""'B 'W4'5 !Z ', S ' 5 " 8 53(4$4 =( 4$8"E( ='S ( $#(" 5 6$. R' =$55 $&$8 'S(6 3A(6, (54 8$4!S ?(& 6(5" W( 4 54(# $ 6(5" WS$ EB 3'4M(" '96 !59 "$ (4(N =$"(, (8 "$4( 6$Z 5 55 6(""E( 6(5" W , 8 " 8 8 22 W 6'5(8! "$ $M3'B [( ( 6 "$ "'5 . > '8 5$V 6(5" W"$ '8 "$Z 5 4!" Z 5E !. > '3"'8 5(= $4( '" ?E4 '?'&"$S("E ='W(S"E8 = M $8 . g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
392
f = 55 V (5 !, 6(="((, ?E4' 5 (A $4!"'( "$&6$" ( 349 5$8'3'6'4!"'#' 6(4 S(5 6(""'#' 8([$"5 6$ - 'W4'5 !. R'W4'5 ! - N ' "( '4! ' 96"$9, "( = =E $9 ?(&3$="'5 !, "' #4$6"E8 '?=$&'8 4'M"$9, '33(4!"$9 &"$S (4!"'5 !, '33(4!"$9 =$5' $, '33(4!"EB 8, '33(4!"$9 = 64( $ (4!"'5 !. R= (S$ E6$9 S '- ' 54'6'8 « 'W4'5 !», 8E "( ='5 ' 6E"'5 8 N5 ( S(5 '( 5 M3(" (, "' 6'= 8 "=$65 6(""EB 5 3. >5( '34 ""'(, S(5 "'(, =( =$5"'( "( 8'M( ?E ! 'W4E8. d 6(=M3$Z, S ' ='5 'B, "( ='" EB A 6 4 &$A (B S(4'6( =(3 ' ?E6$( 'W49 '8, '5 '4! 'W4'5 ! =(3'4$#$( 6"(W"ZZ 5 '='" , b$5$3, 6"(W" B 4'5 . j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j(V'6 6 56' V ' 5 $V ='5 ' E 5 "E 6(4 '4( "' &'?4 S$4 6 4!#$="'5 !, $ M( $ ' $&"'( #4 ?' '8E54 (. 7' 'W49 (5 ! 65Z3 , 6 4Z?'B 5 =$"( 6 ;8(= (, 6 g6=' (. 2 65( M( 6 g6=' ( V ?'4!W(, S(8 &3(5!, "(58' =9 "$ 5 $=$" 9 $8(= $"5 'B =( 4$8E.
> (
= S 34 6'8 8 =( 54'6(5"EV =(6=$[(" B 5 [(5 6 = 6 3$ #=(V'6. R(=6'( 5$8'( "(6 ""'( &4' - 'S(-
393
6 3"E( 'W ? , 3' [(""E( ' "(&"$" Z 4 "( '" 8$" Z. a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b=$& 6 ?4 5 $ (4!" Z =$3 , ' ' '='B "( '8EW494 $6 '=. «Bien-treral»1 5 $"'6 59 6(=M3(" (8, 8(5 "E8 6 5$V 8 MS "E: «e'='W' ?E ! #("(=$4'8», = S(8 6 #("(=$4E N ' ?4$#'3("5 6 ( =' &6(4 b=$"A &5 B (=(6'3S «:$84( $», ([( ' ' S(6$6 (#' = N '8 ='B. 24 M( 6 (=(6'3( j(V'6$ "$ "(8(A B 9&E S (4!, (36$ 6'B39 6 4$55, '#= M$( 59 6 S (" ( «56'(B #$&( E», S ' 3$4' '6'3 6(4 S$6'8 = 5' = W$ !59 ' 4$S(6"'8 5'5 '9" W '4!"'#' '? S(" 9 6 3'=(6'4ZA '""'B X'55 . 7$ 5$8'8- ' 3(4( j(V'6 8(4 6 6 3 '?E "'6(""EB 4$55"EB M ="$4, 6 ' '='8 S (4! ' 8(S$4 ' 5 5 6 Z[ V S(" '6 5 $6 4 ' 8( . 2 "$'?'=' , "(6 ""E( $"#4 B5 ( 6E=$M(" 9 «first night»2 «public house»3 =(6=$[$Z 59 6 = 55 '8 (=(6'3( 6 « (=6 Z ?=$S" Z "'S!» « ?4 S"EB 3'8». R= 6(3(""EV = 8(='6 3'5 $ 'S"'. %" 58(W"E =(M 54 V, "' "( &4'#' 8E54$, S$[( 65(#' 5 '8$""'( =(34'M(" ( 5'V=$"9( 56'B 5V'3"EB 58E54 6 '" ( 5 ( A(4'#'. > 3= # Z $ (#'= Z & 'B M( #= E ='8$V'6 ' $3$Z 'W ? "( 5 '4! 96"E(, ?'4(( 54'M"E(, 6E&6$"-
394
"E( = 5 '8 4 "#6 5 S(5 '#' 3$4! '" &8$, 6"(&$ "' '=$& 6W 8 (=(6'3S $. D' 4 4(" 6W 5! ?'4(( =(38 &"$S(" (8 54'6$ 68(5 ' 'S(6 3"'#' '3 = 'B 4(M$[(#' («j ' =(3 'S $( (5 ! N5 8'5 - N5 8' 4 Z4(" B M =?» - (=(6'3S ' 6(S$( : «a5 8'»), ' 4 '4'M 6W 5! "$ "( =$6 4!"'( &"$S(" (, ' '='( ' 8"'#' =$ "'#' (=(S E6$" 9 ' (S$ $4'5! 6 (#' $89, '" 8 3=9( 59 = 3$ ! "('M 3$""EB 4 '3S$5 6(5!8$ &'[=(""EB 58E54 5$8'8 "(6 ""'8 6E=$M(" Z 4 ='5 'B 8( $b'=(. d &"$4 '3"'#' 3'?='5'6(5 "(BW(#' 'N $, ' '=EB, 5=$M$95! 5 (=(6'3'8, $ &"$5 4'6$4 '= # "$4, S ' & «is sicklied o?er with the pale cast of thought»4, 5'&3$4 «?4(3"EB 4 ""EB 56( ». > 54'6( «sicklied» '" 6 3(4 4 ""EB 5(= 5. ; "(8(A B ='b(55'=, 5 = 5 [ 8 (8 "$A '"$4!"E8 Z8'='8, 6'&" W 8 & '8'" 8 S(5 '#' 5V'35 6$ 3 #''?=$&"'#' 5 =(4 '6'#' '= M 9 =$5 (" 9, ' '=E( '-= 55 "$&E6$Z 59 '3" 8 54'6'8 «4 », (=(6(4 W "5 '( «f 4 '8'=!9...» '?'=' '8 «"$ ?(=(# @ '6'#' 8'=9.» i= #'B #'=$&3' ?'4(( 5(=!(&"EB #=(V, '#3$ ' 5 $Z 59 54'M"E( $?&$AE, 65( M( ='5 (4(", (54 (=(6'3S 5$8 "( &"$( , ' S(8 3( =(S!, "' 3' S(#' M( ' 6=$ (4(" 5$8'3'6'4!"EB (=(6'3S , ' '=EB =(=$5"' V '"94, "' ' $5$( 59 '&$3$S ! A 4 ''='? ! 569 'W . >8(5 ' '#' S '?E =$3'5 "' ' ' !59 6 '?c9 9V 6(4 '#' 5$ (49, '" "( 5 $""' (S( 59 ' " S 'M"'8 S $ (4(, =(3$Z[(859 "(S 5 E8 4 ' $5"E8 '8E54$8. C$8EB ='#$ (4!"EB '?=$&S 6 '= $"5 '#' V$"M(5 6$ ' $459 8"( 6 5 $='8 $"#4 B5 '8 (=(6'3( «;""E <$=(" "'B». >='"5 B 5 =$W 6$( ;"" , S ' 5 "(B. «d beremenna» ( =5 6 (=(6'3S $), - ' 6(S$( ;""$, =(3'5 $6499 "'5 =$""'8 S $ (4Z #$3$ !, S ' &$ $"5 6(""$9 6'5 'S"$9 ?'4(&"! '=$& 4$ ((, $ 65( ' '8 , S ', ' 8"(" Z (=(6'3S $, ?(=(8(""'5 ! 8'#4$ 58 ! " Z "(6 "" Z 3 W 4 SW( ?E4' "$ 5$ ! = 55 '( 54'6' 4$ "5 8 ? 6$8 . 7' ' E 5 =E ! 4 &$6 $4 ='6$ ! 5 ""EB 58E54 54'6$ 6E#4939 3'5$3"E8 8(4'S$8 =93'8 5 =( !(B $ (#'= (B ='8$V'6, '#3$, =$5 95! (=(3 S $ (4(8,
395
9649( 59 5$8'64Z?4(""EB (=(6'3S , ' '=EB '?5 $649( ? 3 $= l(V(=(&$3E "$ 56'B 6 5 5 ='b(55 '"$4!"'B 6 = '&"'5 !Z = V'=$W 6$( 56' V M(= 6. D$ , 6 = 55 V (=(6'3$V l( 5 =$ %b(4 Z ?E4' = "9 ' =$W$ ! ?4$#'='3"E8 A6( $8 68(5 ' ='5 EV =$6, ' '=E( '"$ 5'? =$4$: D$8 :493
6$ (5 !, '"$, 5 4'" 6W
6( 6
59 6 &(= $4( = 5 $4!"EV 6'3.
> (( ("
4(4$ '"$ # =49"3E
2& 4 4 B, ='&, b $4'
M$58 "$6.
REW"'5 ! N V ?' $" S(5 V &4 W(5 6 #'6'= 5$8$ &$ 5(?9, = N '8 (=(6'3S 'V'39 5 $& 4 4 = S(5 ( ' 5 4(" 9 '='4(6E, = 3$6 (B 96"' "(3'5 $Z[(#' ?4$#'='35 6$ &$'3"' 5 =$" 4 56'?'3"EV $5 V'6.7 <$ 8 '?=$&'8 8'M"' ?E4' 5'5 $6 ! '3'?"EB ? ( , ?='39 ' ?(=(# a6'"$ 4 e(4!(, - N ' M( 3= #'B 6'='5. C(=!(&"EB = 55 B S $ (4! $ V 6' ='5'6 "( &$3$6$4, 6'- (=6EV ' '8 , S ' "( &"$4 $"#4 B5 '#' ( 5 $, $ 6'6 '=EV - ' '8 , S ' "$ ?' $" (8 ?E4' 6 6E5W(B 5 ( (" "$ 4(6$ !. g3 "5 6(""'(, S ' (#' " (=(5'6$4' - N ' «6(S"E( 6' ='5E», ' '=E( "(8(A ( = = 55 ( =$3 $4!"E( 8E54 (4 ' =E4 l( 5 =$. R'N '8 ', S ' =' &'W4' 5 '8"$ "E8 5'?$S $8 :'"(= 4! 6 5 =' (: Tray, Blanche and Sweetheart, see, they bark at me, ?(&M$4'5 "' =(6=$[(""'B 6: i49 S(#' 5'?$S!9 5 $9 4$( "$ 8("9?8
" '#' "( 6E&E6$4' 6'&=$M(" B. a $ 5 $9 ='#4' 4$ 6(5! 8(5 "EB '4'= , 65( "( '6 '= 8E( 5'S"E( 3($4 . 7' 6'&8(&3 ( ?E6$( 54$3'5 "E8, 3$M( "('5'&"$""'(. >(4 S$BW B = 55 B =$55 $& - #'#'4(65 $9 «l "(4!». g#' #4$6"$9 S(= $, ==$A '"$4!"$9 S$5 !, '?=$& Z[$9 =$# S(5 B '3 ( 5 N 'B 5 '= , ?(& ''='B '"$ ?E4$ ?E ='5 ' ?(558E54(""E8 $"( 3' '8,
396
"(=$&=E6"' 569&$"$ 5 '5'?E8 5 4(8, ' '=E8 '"$ "$5$"$: 8"'M(5 6' "(4( EV '6 '='6 '3"'#' '#' M( "(4( '#' "$=(S 9 &6 S 5 '4! "$69&S 6', S ' 5 $"'6 59 $ 8- ' &4'6([ 8 &$#'6'='8. ^3(5! (5 ! ' =E6 , ' '=E( 6E#4939 6 '4"( "(6 ""E8 , "' 5 ' 61" ! = 5 $4!"(( 6E &$8(S$( (, S ' V$'5 = $ 459 6 36 V W$#$V, $ $ '(-" ? 3! 54'6' 4 5=$6"(" ( 6 5$"E :'#'4(8 $ , S ' 5$8'( ?(&'? 3"'( =(34'M(" ( 63= # 6&=E6$( 59 'W8$="E8 b(B(=6(= '8. ^3(5! (5 ! $ 5 ' E $Z[$959 "( 4ZM(5 !, ' '= Z $6 '= = 8("9( 5'&"$ (4!"', (=(3$6$9 #= ? Z 8$ (= Z "$W V 5"'6. >5( N ' "$ ='S! 5S(&4' 6 S ""'8, ?'B '8 S=(&6ES$B"' ='&$ S"'8 $"#4 B5 '8 (=(4'M(" (&$#49" ( 6 (=(6'3 <4'3$ O 4!3$, S '?E ?'4!W( " '#3$ "( &$#493E6$ ! 6 "(#'). >' = 8(=, ' '=EB 5'&3$( 8("9 '[ [(" (, ? 3 ' 9 = 5 5 6 Z = ? B5 6( "( 6 5 4$V (#' =(3' 6=$ !: :'#'4!: «...6 36( "(?'4!W ( '8"$ E 5 (=(3"(B 4 V"(B '(- $ 8 8'3"E8 =( ("& 98 , 4$8 'B 4 "'B 6([ A(B, 5 ' 6W(B 8"'# V 'M(= 6'6$" B...» O 4!3: «fitted with some pretentious articles of furniture purchased, etc...»9 ^$ #=E6$" ( 5 6(4 8 "( 'S("! 6(4 8 "'5 =$""E8 W(3(6=$8 8'M( = 6(5 '8 , S ' 6 N '8 b$=5( ' $M( 59 &$8(W$""'B " 6 S(8 "( '6 ""$9 =( !9 5 '='"$. C'65(8 "(3$6"' '3 " &6(5 "EB = 55 B '8 '& '= ' ='5 4 8("9 (=(6(5 "$ $"#4 B5 B 5 V' 6'=(" (, ' '='( 5'=' 4( "$&$3 '" '4'M 4 "$ 8 &E . %" "$5 $ 6$4, S ' (=(6'3 3'4M(" '5'?(""' 'S"' (=(3$6$ ! $ 5 S(5 Z 5 '='" ( 5 $. < "(5S$5 !Z, ( 5 N ' ' $&$459 &6(5 "E8 5 V' 6'=(" (8 a3#$=$ R' «<'4' '4$» 6 (=(6'3( <. Y$4!8'" $. j ' =(35 $649Z 5'?'B 8"'#'S 54(""E( (=(6'3E Y$4!8'" $, 4(# ' '"9 ! & (#' 5'?5 6(""EV 5'S "(" B: '" ' 4 S$459 'S $ '4'# S(5 'B "(5 '5'?"'5 !Z "$ 5$ ! V' 9 ?E '3" 8(4'3 S" Z 5 ='S . R'4!& 95! #' '6E8 "$?'='8 &$ $5 $""EV = b8, '3? =$9 "$ V'3 (=6 Z ' $6W Z59 8( $b'= , '" =(6=$ 4 5 V , 5 ' 6W ( R' "(8$4EV 5 4 B, 6 "(S ' $ '(, S ' 4Z?'B ='55 B5 B = b8' 4( 8'# ?E 5'5 =9 $ ! 6 '3 " = 5(5 . R(=(6'39 5 V' 6'=(" ( '?=$ "' "$ $"#4 B5 B, 9 &$?' 459 '4! ' ' '8, S '?E "$B 54'6$, "$ '8 "$6W ( ' &6 S$" Z = 55 (. D( (=!, (54 '8 - ' ' $3( 59 8'B $"#4 B5 B (=(6'3, '" 8'M( ' #4 '5 (=(6(5
397
(#' 5"'6$ "$ = 55 B, $ S ' 5 V' 6'=(" (, 6 ' '='8 M( " S(#' "( '5 $4'5! ' a. R', '36(=#"( 59 ([( ?'4!W(B «?$4!8'" &$A », ' $ 6 '"A( '"A'6 «<'4' '4$» "( =(6=$ 9 59 6 «Y(&8'46 (». g[( ?'4(( #" 5"E8 b$=5'8 ' 3$( 5 '= 9, ' '=$9 =' &'W4$ 5 '"S(""(BW 8, ='8$" S"E8 5 V' 6'=(" (8 Y'34(=$ «R= #4$W(" ( (W(5 6 Z» («Mon enfant, maur, Songe la douceur...»). X 55 B (=(6'3 = "$34(M (= \(=(M '65 '#', '?4$3$6W(#' ([( 8("!W 8 'N S(5 8 $4$" '8, S(8 Y$4!8'" . 7$S "$( 59 '" $ : :'4 ? $ 8'9, f8S 859 6 =$9...
C V' 6'=(" ( N ' 6 (=(6'3( "(8(34(""' = '?=(4' ?'B B =$&8(=, $ S ' (#' '3V6$ 4 65( = 55 ( W$=8$"[ . R=(35 $649Z 5(?( ? 3 [(#' (=(6'3S $ = 55 V "$='3"EV (5(", ' '=EB &$V'S( V 6"'6! 'b=$"A & !: Viens, mon p?tit, A Nijni10 $ 3$4(( ad malinfinitum11.
%5 $6499 6 5 '='"( 6EW( '89" EV 6= "'6, ?(&'? 3"EV ?'46$"'6 ?(5 '8'["EV 'N '6, 8'M"' 6E3(4 ! = $ (=(6'3S '6, "( 8(Z[ V " $ '#' ' "'W(" 9 =(8 "$&6$""E8 5 ("98 #=(V' $3(" 9, '3"$ ' "( &$5 =$V'6$""EV ' (V M( 'W ?' . < " 8 ' "'59 59: S("EB 8 M, M$M3 [ B &$=$& ! 6(5! 8 = 56'(B 4Z?'6!Z &$?E '8 4 "( &6(5 "'8 #(" Z, 3'?='5'6(5 "EB 4 (=$ ="EB '3("[ , "$ '"(A, ='b(55 '"$4!"EB 5$ (4!, ' 3EV$Z[ B 6 '?[(5 6( "'5 =$""'#' 5'?=$ $. fS("EB 8 M, 8'M"' "$3(9 !59, 6 (=(6'3(
398
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« '35 ='S" », 53(4$""EB "( 5 '4! ?4(5 9[ 8, "' &"$S (4!"' ?'4(( '?=$&'6$""E8 S(4'6( '8, 4 ?', &"$9 9&E , "( '?4$3$( (3$" S"'5 !Z S("'#' ' E '8 ='b(55 '"$4!"'#' (=(6'3S $. > N '8 54 S$( S(8 ?'4!W( (#' 'N S(5 B 3$=, (8 5 4!"(( 5 =9[$959 =9?! (#' =$5"'=(S 9 &$8 "9( #(" $4!"EB '34 "" . >8(5 ' '#' S '?E '?4(S!59 6 '3(M3E $6 '=$, '" "$=9M$( (#' 6 5'?5 6(""E( '3(M3E. D( (=! M( 8'M"' 5 3 !, $ 8 $S(5 6$8 3'4M(" ?E ! "$3(4(" (=(6'3S , S '?E 6'55'&3$ ! 3($4!"EB ( 5 W(3(6=$ "'5 =$""'B 4 (=$ =E. R=(M3( 65(#' '" 3'4M(" ?E ! 5 '4! M( $4$" 4 6, S ' 6E?=$""EB 8 $6 '=, 4 ?' $4$" E V 3'4M"E ?E ! '3"'B = ='3E. > N '8 '4! ' 6 N '8 58E54( Y'34(= R' 4 h '65 B l 44(= 3($4!"' '3V'39 3= # 3= # . >'6 '=EV, (=(6'3S 3'4M(" =( =$5"' &"$ ! '?$ "$='3$, '?$ 9&E $, 65( 3( $4 $6 '=5 '#' 5 49 8( '3$, =' 5V'M3(" ( 54'6 54'6''?=$&'6$" (, 5 '= S(5 ( $44Z& . ^3(5! 8E '3V'3 8 =( !(8 6$M"'8 56'B5 6 : "$=93 5 '3$=(""'5 !Z '?=$&'6$""'5 !Z '" 3'4M(" '?4$3$ ! 5 '5'?"'5 !Z 8 8 = , 3(B5 6'6$ ! $ , 54'6"' '" (5 ! 5 ""EB $6 '=, 6'5 =' &6'39 (#' 8$"(= =(S '6(3(" 9, "=$6E 8EW4(" ( 5 8$ 5 8$4!"E8 =$63' '3'? (8.
399
7(3$6"' 9 ' E $459 (=(6(5 "(5 '4! V = 55 V 'N '6, ' '=E( =(M3( ?E4 5 '6(= $"E 4'V 8 (=(6'3$8 4 6'65( "( (=(6'3 4 5!. \'B $"#4 B5 B, '"(S"', #'=$&3' ?(3"(( = 55 '#': =$&" A$ 8(M3 " 8 = 8(="' $ $9 M(, $ 8(M3 3'8'8 "$ 36( 5(8! ='3'6'B 5$3!?'B, 8(M3 ' S( 4 6' '5'&"$6$(8E8 '8b'= '8 ?(&' S( "'B ='5 'W!Z. d 3$4( ' "( 3'64(6'=(" 3'5 #" E8, "' 8' W 3 =$5 =E4 "( ' '=E( =$6 4$, ' '=E( 8'# = #'3 !59 3= # 8 (=(6'3S $8. < = 8(= , 9 5 '4 " 459 5 "(8$4E8 54'M"'5 98 6 (=(6'3( (=6'B 5 =' '3"'#' & 6(4 S$BW V 5 V' 6'=(" B R W "$ «d '8"Z S 3"'( 8#"'6("!(...»: Yah pom-new chewed-no-yay mg-no-vain-yay d (=(3$4 = 55 54'6$ &6 .
( 54'# ,
'3'?=$6 "$ ?'4(( 5V'M ( $"#4 B5
(
X 55 ( 54'6$ 6 $ '8 '?4 S! 6E#4939 3'6'4!"' ?(&'?=$&"', "' 6 3$""'8 54 S$( N ' "( 6$M"': 6$M"', S ' «chew»12 «vain»13 b'"( S(5 (=( 4 $Z 59 5 = 55 8 54'6$8 , '&"$S$Z[ 8 =( =$5"E( (8 ( '"99. \(4'3 9 N 'B 5 =' 5 ' = #4E8 '4"'&6 S"E8 54'6'8 «S 3"'(» 6 5(=(3 "( &6 $8 «8» «"» ' ?'$8, =$6"'6(W 6$Z[ 8 3= # 3= #$, - 8 =' 6'=9( 4$5 $( 54 V, 5'&3$6$9 = N '8 $=$3' 5, '"9 "EB $M3'8 V 3'M" 54'6$. g54 '58' =( ! 6 54'6$=( N S( E=( 54'6$, ' '4 S 59 #4 '(, 4'5 '( " S(#' "( 6E=$M$Z[(( $"#4 B5 '( =(34'M(" (: «I remember a wonderful moment». <$ '5 ! 5 A(B, ' '= Z 6E '35 =(4 4 ?(3 4 5!, S ' '"$ "( =$B5 $9, $ 65(#' 4 W! '=V" 6W B & 4( ' #$B, ' '=EB, =( EV$95! "$ &(84(, ='3'4M$( 6E = 6$ ! #4 '5 ? <$ " 5 $=$B59, $"#4 B5 '#' S $ (49 "( ?(3 W!, S ' «I remember a wonderful moment» - 5'6(=W(""'( "$S$4' 5'6(=W(""(BW(#' 5 V' 6'=(" 9. R=(M3( 65(#' 9 ?(3 459, S ' ? 6$4!"EB (=(6'3 6 'B 4 "'B 8(=( 65(#3$ ?(558E54(". X 55 '( «9 '8"Z» #'=$&3' #4 ?M( '#= M$( 6 ='W4'(, S(8 $"#4 B5 '( «I
400
remember» - 4'5 $9 b=$&$, ' '=$9, $ "( 8(4EB "E=94