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gpeBHocrefi, uponcxoÀ,flIgttx upe-
pacKonoK B ropHosaBo4cnnx
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Horo H ceBepo-sana4Horo Aaras. 3geco 6uau 6poneoBbre, r4epeBtHHbreH Kocr.fl. Hbre qacrn c6pyËHux npnHag,^exuocTefi, npegMerbr yKparuenr4q, opyrKne, opyt{epea nocpe.4,crBo f. 14. CnaccKoro noqru Bce arc) !\yrt pr gpyrue npe,4Merbr. t{acro Belgefr, se6oau. co6panue nocrynil^o B Myseu Mocnerr u llerep6ypra. Àyquat no nog6opy xyÀo?KecrBeHHollcno,\I ocraarurre n l4cropaqecKoM HeHHbrx eeqefi, xpaHurcfl renepb e Spl.rnraxe,
urat no Ko^rrqecrBy, no, noxaayfi,
My3ee B Mocxee, B cocraBe co6panufi M. n. floro4uHa u A. C. Vnapoea, n,,'''.,' prrre nplro6pe^H Hx y cnaccroro. B 60-x roÀax npolu^oro
cro^erHfl
B pa3Hbrx pafioHax Arrrar npoH3Be^ uacrr go6orrbrx flM Ma'l'e-
odurupuole pacKonKn B. B. Pagaoe. 3Haqnte^bnaq
pr4a^oB I,Is-sa HeygoB^erBopnreanHofi ÀoKyMeHTagnI,I pacKonon coBepIIreHHo gan6oaee o6ecgeHeua, Ho r.rnTepecnbre ero Haxorq,Kr.r .q,^t HayKlI coxpanelrbl. OIt pacKona^ gBa 6o^bilJr.rx KaMeHHbIx KypraHa, no.4, Hacblnbrc KoTopbrx ger4ar 6rtaa 3aMepsluefi n noroMy B Morn^ax coxpaHr,rÀHcb MHOrne raKr{e BeIgH, or Koropblx B o6rrqnolx yc^oBrrrx
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craBuTe^efi naeMeHHofi sHarlI KoqeBHHKoB oKo^o Haqa^a H. s. B oguofi I{3 Hfix, san6oaee HHTepecHo MHoï{ecrBo Aepena p. Fepeaa (loro-aana,q,Horfi Arrrafi), BsHHbrx n 6epecrrHnrx yKpaIxeHHîa rsr c6pyn 16 eepxonux rouefi, norpe6ennblx c yMeprxnM. florpe6eune qe^oBeKa e atofi MoFH^e 6orao no.rTn Harrucîo orpa6^eHo. B gpyroN.r Kyprane,
6aus
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KypraHoB r,r [peKpacHa.fl Ko^^engr,rq Haû,4eHnbrx coxpaHuBrut{xct r{3/le^ufi ns gepena, 6epecTr)Ir
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I
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qa^e HbIHeIuHeto cTo^eTlrlr, HeKoTopbre cBeA,eHH.flo pe3y^bTaTax xrtrgHr4r{ecKnx pacKo[oK <<6yrpoetguroe>>, coo6rgenurte yt{eubIMH flyreurecrBeHHr.IKaMI,r
f. @. Muaaepola (1733-1744 rr.), CD. 14. CrpaaeH6eprorvr(1730 r) u fL G. Ilaaaacou ( 1770 r.) a, Haxoneg, npao6pereHnyro l. CD. MraaaepoM He6o,,rmryrc cepurc orÀe^bHbrx eergefi,- 3ro 6yÀer sce, qro Aa^a .q,opeBo^rog?rouHafl rrayKarro osHaKoM^enaloc naMsrHriKaMHpaHHHXKoqeBHHKoB Ha A^Tae. Lllupoxo pasBepny^Hcb apxeo^orr4qecKneBcc^eÀoBanr.rsua Aarae ^?rrub B coBercKoeBpeM.fl,Sxcue4ugun ^euuufpagcKr.rx, MocKoBcKux r MecrnbrxrrayqyqpelrgeHnfi Hbrx t,ts roi4a B roÀ ûpoIrgeou4^r4pacKonrn MHoroqrc^euHbrxnaMffTHIIKoBpagHblx ânox B ropnbrx, crenHbrx H ^ecHbrx paiionax Aataficnoro Kpa.fl, B ToM quc^e u 6o,,rrruoro KoÀqqecrBa naMtrHHKoB BpeMeHHpaHHHX KotIeBHHKOB. Hsyveuue rroc^eAHnx nogBo^lrÀo He ro.\bKo no.\yr]HTb o6rlee npeÀcraBÀeHHe o Ky^brype paHHHx KoqeBHHKoBAaras, Ho n pa3Àe^rrrb rlx naMgrHrrr(ii I{a rplr xpoHo^orprqecKue rpynnbi H [pocÀeÀHTb, TaKH]r o6pasov, nocreneHnoe pasBI4TIaeKy^bTypbr cooTBeTcTBeHHOTpeM nOC.\eJOBaTe^bHbrM gTanaM - rr,rafi( V I I V I eMlrpcroMy B B . g o H . e . ) , n a s b r p b r K c K o r r v( \ , ' - l l l BB. Ao n. a.) n mu6nucxorrry (ll e. ao H. e. - I e. H. a.) -y KoqeBbrx rpynr Hace^euLr.flB ropax H [pe4ropHbrx creflrx H coorBercreeHuo 6o.rouepeqeucKoMy, 6uËcnoruy n 6epeaoncxouy y oce4rrofi qacrn Hace.\euufl B paËoHe cocuoBbrx 6opoe no 6eperau
pex 06r.r u Euu. Haqarrscr arr.r Hcc^eg,oeaHna padoravrr a-rrarïcxoi-rarcneÀagar.rfocygapcrBeuuoro Myse.a erHorpaeuu (6oreu:. 3ruorpaçuvecrufi or4e,t focygapcreeuaoro Pyccxoro Myeex) B cocraBe C. l'1. Pv:eHKo- opranr.rsaropaH pyKoBoA. H. fayxoaa, aBropa rr JpyrHx corpygr{HKoe.3a ro4rrr &ure^fl aKcnea,ngsH, c 1924 no 1929 eKcne.4rru'snpo'3Be.\a pacKonKr HecKo^bK'rxKyp.a'Hbrx Mo|H^bHHKOB naSbIpbIKCKOnO n Urn6nHcKoro STanoB H ucc^er4oBa^a oceÀÀbre nocel.e*vs. BpeMeHHpaHHHX KoqeB.HrrKoB no 6eperau O6u r.r 5su. Han6oanuuË us. Tepec (M.
n.
pacKonKr.r 6orrru:oro KaveHHoro Kypraua e LLIa6e 1927), rro KoropoMy Ha3BaH noc,re4Hzfi orarr B pasBurrr{ paHHr'tx KoqeBHuKoB Arrrax, H raKoro xe KypraHa e flaerrprKe
trpeÂ,craB^Âror lpxsnoe,
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1929\, HaBBaHHeKoroporo npncBoeuo BropoMy arany. llo4
Hacbrnbro o6oux nypraHoB orKpbrror 6orattre
norpe6enu.rr n^eMeHHbrx eoxAefi, Haxor4,rrBulvec.rrB 3aMepsrxeM rpyHTe H nOTOr.ty npeKpacHo coxpaH[rBruHecfl vl gaBrrJve o6narrsrrË MarepHa^, BcecropoHHe ocBergarorgHfi xy,rnrypy paHHr.rx KoqeBHHKoB A.,rrag. 7 B 1934-1937 *. o6ruupu'e pacKonKH KypraHoB naâbrpbrKcKo.o rr rrr'6r'rHcroro araroB B pa3Hbrx nyHKrax ropHofo A,r'ra.fl npor.rsBe^r7 C, B. KHceaes n À. A. Esrrcxosa. floqr:n Bce ern KypraHbr oKasa^r.rcb norpe6eunrrvrn po4onofi tsHarl'r r.r Àa^r{ 6oauurofi r,r paenoo6pasHrrrii Marepaa^. Oco6enuo urrrepeceH KypraH e Kapanorre, B KoropoM coxpauu^ocb He rrorpeBolrer{FrbrMrpa6r.n.e,raulr 6oraroe 2KeHcKoenorpe6eune,
10
B ceeepHnrxnpeÂropbtx A,ltar li B paËone Bepxnefi O6s viuoro naus'i"HHKoBpacnor'al. z 1929-1934 ronax C. M' Cepreen. 3to 6urrn Kypral{bl c norpe6eunxuu ocuoBabrx c^oeB xoqesofi n oce4,rofi rpynn Hace^eult 14 og,Ho ropo4tuge. e A. n. Mapr
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KaK HI,IqTo;t{HoMa^O OCTaeTCgB 3eM^e B O$bIr{HbrXyc^o" pea^bgo npe.q,CTaBLITb, BLrtX oT norpe$eggblx B Hefi npegMeToB, KaK Hr4qTOïtHo MaÀo 3Ha^n MbI' Hanpfi' Mep, o BepxoBoM KoHe lt qso6paanTe^bnoM HcKyccrBe paHuux KoqeBHI{KoB,noKa yge^eB[II{MH OT paspytueHEf KocrsKaMH ^o[lâ' pacno^arâ^H ^HIIIb HeMHOTHMH peMHefi. ornp6rr,re Àefi, yg,Ë^aMr.r, npsxiKaMn H yKparxeHr.rffMH c6pyfiurrx c ux flo^HocTblo CogecffTb rpynoB ^ollla.4,efi Kyprage n flasrrprrrcxona noKaBa^H H3yMHTeÀbHoe$orarcrBo h pasgoo6paane xy.4o?KecTBeHHOfoTBOpqecTBa y ocTaBHBIIrefo ax n^eMeHIt, noSBO^H^I',I'
xpauuBmaMtrc.n y6opank
QopM nopoË &o Me^b.IafiIuHX nqgpo$HocTeË, ocBeT?ITb pa3^I,ItIHbIe BOnpoCbI' ce.frgaq' Hbte c ùcnoÀbsoBaHlleM BepxoBoro KoHt I{ ero 3Har{eHHeMB 2I{H3HHpâHHHX KOqeBHrlroB, ocBerûrb MHotITe Bonpocbl 06 OcO$eHHocTtx Ky^bTypbI paHH[Ix koqeBHgKoB,Kasa^ocb 6r,t, ugraK He cBqgaHgbre c KoHeM u erg Cdpyefi. BCe ato c,ra^o BosMolr{HbrM6aaro4apn npenpacnofi coxpaHHocrn r$J.etvir H3 HecrofiKltx MaTepna^oB, oT KoTopblx o$btqgo B 3eM^e He ocTaeTci u c^er4,a.Haxognn flacu-
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npoluÀoro, KaKI{MH Mbr Ào CItx nop He pacnolaraÀn. oHn 3HaqHTe^bHo pacilnpH^u HaIIrll npeÀcTaB^eHl{'f, o Ky^bType paHHIrx KoqeBHnKoB, ocBeTHB HeKolo' pbre Bonpocbl Hx !nLr3HH, OCTaBaBrllI'teC,IpaHee A^ff Hac reMHbrMlt, HeyÀaan^ TeÀbHo nogTOMy, rfro, HecMorpr Ha orcyrcrBr.re nog,po6Hofi ny6ÀHKagr4r.rpacKonon [lagbrpbrKcxoro Kypraga, ero Marepna^br r,rc[o^bsoBaHbl yrfie B gectrKax pa6or apxeo^oroB no pasHbrM BonpocaM Hs Hcropr{lr 6aaarux rlo BpeMeHH g,peRHHx n^eMeH' qTo oHH lul'tpoKo npHBÀeKaroTc.aB ucc^eAoBaHHtx LrcKyccTBoBeg,oB, arHorpa(poB, ^HHrBIrcroB, reorpa(poB, Mepg^oroBeÀ,oB, HIIno^oroB, Berepr.rHapoR n gpyrnx. K coxaaeuulo, nog,roroB^eHHoe MHoro K H3ÀaH?rrc no^Hoe onncaHfie MaTepHa^oB flaaorprrncxoro KypraHa co cBo.4,HbrMo6aopovr Bcex Apyfr,rx naM.flTHnKOB paHHrrx KoqeBHI'IKOBna A.lrae, neqaraBueeca e 1941 r., He Mof^o noflB.hrrbcg.B cBer H3-3a pa3paeEeruefics eofiHrr. Xora ara pa6ora n ucno^b3yercfl yà(e apxeo^oraMl{ no pyKonIlcHbIM eKseMn^tpaM' Ho oHa gocryfiHa IIoKa orPaHHqeHHOMy Kpyry
apxeo^oroB, flosroruy B 3a,4arry Hacrorrgefo orrepKa Bxo4trr o6lgee osHaKoM^eHr.re luupoKofi uayvnofi o6rgecrneHuocrr.r c oAHnM vI3 UHTepeCHefiIIlux naMrrHHKoB Ky^brypbr gpeBHHx nÀeMeu r.r ïcKyccrBa Arrtaa, HO n no Bo3MolnHocru noÀpo6Hoe ocBergeHne Bcex ocHoBHbrx eno Malepna^oB' Ko'l'opoe, xort H He 3aMeHr.rr co6ofi sageprKaBurypct BbIxoÂoM B cBel rre ro^bKo
IIo/\HyIO nyd^nKagnrc naMflTHr.rKa, Ho r4acr cnegua^r.rcrav crorree no^Hbre cBeAeHH'ffo naMfTHI'lKe' qeM Te' KoTopbte HMe^flcb B Bbllrle.4luHxÀo ctlx nop KpaTKIrx coo6tgenuRx o HeM.'t
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B Heo6brrrgbrx rq^r apxeo^ora yc^oBr.rsx. Pa6ora B Meps^oM rpylrre' B 3anoJ\. HflrotgeM Morr,rÀy rrEcToM ÀbÀ,e, B Macce npeKpacHo coxpaHl{BIIIUXC.tI 6peeea, Tpe6OBa^a ocO$bIX npI{eMOB. He ,rOnara, HO21114 K11CTb,a TOnOp' Be4po H Tert' Àafl BoÀa 6rr,tn ocnosHbIMLI opy.q,E.flMKpa6oTbl. pa36opRe KaMeHHofi Hacbrnr{ KypraHa B Hefi 6or:rn o6HapytreHbl flpr Te^eHreTcKItx norpe6eHI,IË, pacKoflaHHbIx sKcueÀ,Hgnefi Pyc' cTapblx ocTATKII c6oro MyBefl erge B 1924 r,, H or{eHb Hesnaqure^bHble ocrarKll HeKoropblx cÀytrafiHo nonaBruux croÀ,a yà{e noc^e coopy}r{eggs MorI{^bI npeÀ,MeroB. hnrepecHa ^I{rub HaxOÀKa 1II^flnKg Me,4HorOrBo3,q,fl, o KOTOpOft6yget CnaaaHO HH}Ke' B nepxHux ropH3oHTax 3ano^H.srorgefi Morr.r^bHyro sMy seM^H HaxoÀ,oK He 6rrrro. HaqnHafl c rIy6r4HbI oKoÀo 50 cpr. oT ypoBHfl [oqBbl' 3eM^t 6ula sauepeueË, n 3,4,ecbcTa^Il nona4arbct or4e^bgble npe,4Merbl. 3ro 6oras gepeBflHqble npucnoco6^eHnfi, ynorpe6^esubre npn coopy?KeHHI,IMOrIz^bI gareM Ha Mecre pa6or Bc^eÂ,crBLIe no^oMKLt r4tll no MHHOBaHI'IH n 6poueuuore B HHx Ha4o6gocr1r. 3g,ecr 6rras - o6^oMoK ÀepeBsgHoft ^onarbr (ta6rr. lV,3'), qeTblpe c^oMaHHbIx Ko^a, o6^oMoK Ko^oTyI[KH .q,Àfl Sa6vtr,a:atrflKo^beB H 06^0opyg;wfl. u^a
qacrg
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20
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cnodo.quoe
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ueuufi, r-r, uto6bt ygo6uee 6urro cugro gTu geHHocru, ero BbITaIgLt^H Hg MorH^bI HaBepx ge^nKoM BMecre c oge?KgaMli, I4 noroMy or Hero He coxpaHH^ocb B MopI Bce Apyrne [pe.4Merbl, HaxoÂHBllTrrec.fl rnÀe HIâKaK[x ocrarKoB. Tanxe B KoÀorle, noxnlgenbr rpa6uteax*ru.
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Me^KLIx o6puenon o6prruxoe
Kos^a ro^oBbl ropuoro Kpbrrbrx soÀoroM, cKy^brrrypnbrx uao6paxenufl (ta6rr. lV, 5, 6). Onycrolrue 6pocn,tn Ha Hee KpbIIIIKy Ko^og,y, rpa6zterrn o6patuo, B nepeBepHyroM BHa,e, .Ito6rt oHa He Melua^a ux &ei4crBr4flM B KaMepe
(ra6,r.Il, 2).
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n nbIIIIHoro B cBoe BpeMt y6paHcraa norpe6aalnofr nainepot or{egb geMgoro. Ha no^y coxpaul4^Llcb KycKH Bofi^oKa, KoropblMt'I reMHoKopnqHe6otirn caserueHbl crenbl. 3to 6u,ta ruspoKa no^oca ro^croro KaK QeTP' ToHKoro' I{3 Boro Bofi^oKa c ysopHofi xafirtaofi HaBepxy, cIlIHroË pasHogBerHoro BofiÀoKa (ta6rr. V, /). Ha 6eaon'r (poHe noMelgeHbt rrePe.q,yrcOr
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22
fpa6ETe^flM[],
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Tau xe 6rraa À,rrus'ar rÀaÀKo BbrcrporaHHafi na^or{Ka, 4auHolï e 102 cu., w ë,epeBrHHar noi4yrxKa (ra6,t. IV, B). 3aMe'areao'a HaxogKa Bgecb ?r(e pyKotrKlrr 6poneonoro Ke^bra (ra6a' lv, l, 2). orua câ,e^a'a Hs cyKa e^n c np'^erarorgefi K HeMy qacrbro crBo^a' Ha nrranoo6paS'o gatecanHrrË Ko'eg Koroporo Haca2r{r.rBa^cq6ponaosorfi Kearr co nryaxofi nprMoyro^b'oro cerre'Hs. 3ro 6rr,r pa60vn îr uucrpyMeHr 6es xanax-rrz6o yxpaureHr.rfi. Tana, r4e pyKoar*y a,ep?Ka^a pyxa pa6or:ae_ .'ero' noBepxHocrb ee Salo^EpoBa^acb, ^ocH'Tc.fl. Tonop e pa6ore c^oMaic, _ nepeÀoMr'I^acb pyKO.rITKaB TOM Mecle, rge Ha uee 6ura HacaïteH Ke^br, r4 B TOr' HA''PABAEHHH,B KOTOPOMI,IHCTPYMEHT IICIIbITbIBAA 'AA6O T,,,EC ÀABAEHI{CNPH pa6ore (a nanpae,,re*'n cBaE.* HanepeÀ, KaK aro BrÀ,Ho no xapaKrepy paspbrBa BOÀOKOHgpeBecl{Hbr, a He B 60xoso^{ HanpaB^e'Hr{, qro HMe^o 6rr rrrecro npn uauepeuHofi [o^oMKe pyKosrK' cHfl'rvfr E,.fl c nee 6ponsoBoro neanra). Tan KaK oror ronop 6rr",r npocrbrM pa60vnru aHcrpyMeHToM, c^oMa' B flpogecce pa60trr, a ero pyKorrKa oporueua Ha Kparc pacKorïa rpa6nteaefi, o.rKy4a o'a BnocÀer4crBlll. cBa^Itiacb B MorlÀy' ero c^eÀyer cqararb npr.r'a.4^eà{argair,r rpa6nTe^.flM,a ue norpe6eunoMy B Morn^e H He crpolrre^rM KypraHa. Haroueg, erge .ÀHHM cBa^aBrrrrMc.a e rpa6rtearcrofi xo. npe.qMerou 6rrao fopÀbrurK. 60anruoro .^HHTHOTO KyBrrrHHa, ynaBruee Ha noro^oK cpy6a ua gHe rpa6are'rrcxoro Ko^o,4ga. BoeÀaox'o, qro r.r eror npocrofi rauua'ufr cocy4 c raagxofi aorgenofi noBepxHocrbro Mor HMerb ua ce6e xarne-uuoygb yKpaueHl4fl vt' ge'Hbrx Marepua^oB H noeroMy 6rra ncsaeqeH rpa6nrearM' HaBepx. Kax un Ma^or{Hc^e'Hbr r{ Hr{ (pparMe'TapHbr yge^eBrrrae or rpa'r.rreaefr [pe4Merbl as norpe6aat,uofi KaMepbr, o'r! Bce z*e flo3Bo^rror HaM COCTaBHTb ce6e aexoropoe npeÀ,cra'^eHrie o 6orarc*e rî nbrrrr'oc* nor.pe6enua. flpoctopHat RaMepa' n^orgaÀbro e 16 xe. M, 6brÀa, oqeBlrÀH., 60rato y6paua r.r Hano^HeHa pas^HtIHbIMIt nperqMeraMw' yKpa[reH'brMr.r 3o^o?oM, o^oBoM n npyrfl^n ge'Hbrlr' Marepna^aMU. 3Àecn 6rra croaax, M'oro nocy.4br (ne naeuee ruecrr.I crcyÀ,oe), c xyuaHbtMl{ n npoÀyKTaMl't' KaKoe-'i'o coopy?KeHne r,rs roHKHx na^oqeK Bbrcoro'o 60'lnrue Merpa n' orreBH.4,HO' MHO.' Apyrax paonoo6parHbrx npeÀ,Mero'. B noauofi HenpprKocHoBeH'ocrn u npeKpacHofi coxpauuocrrr gorr'Àa go Hac ceBepHat qacrb M'ru^br, r'Ae norpe6eurrr 6rraa xona. Bce, vro 34ecb HaXOÀtr_ aoco, 6t'rÀo cKoBaHO rr^orHbrM ^baoM, H MHoro rpyÆa H TepnêHa' na40 6rrao ynorpeduro Ha ro, qro6rr ocro60gurn oro ÀbÀ,a H H3B^eqb u3 MorrrÀbr ^efi(aBIrrp'e raM TecHo oÀIlH Ha .4pyroM' nepen^erarolgfiecff gpyr c gpyroM MHoroqacÀeHHbIe c^olt{Hble npeAMerbr, cocro.flrgHe raxÀrrË H3 MHorrrx org,e^bHbrx qacreË. flarnaâga* gneË ynopuofi pa6or' nor:pe.oeaaocb Ha paa'opxy arofr ,racr,a Morn^br, saHnMarcrgeË urrorga4r Bcero ^Hrub e 1 1 xe. Àa. llorpe6enHrre sÀecb KoHtr ^ Irx cHap.f,2fierr'e BrrepBbre B r'crop'a apxeo^orHqecKHX pacKonoK oKa3a^ucb s noaHofi coxpaHHOCTH.He nocrlr ^orxaÂr.I n or-
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*" lï :.1 op"u"', roargen eoft " :T tt:1,::;;-^"*u*"* L3 KaMHfl' i**,:ffi'::îiïJ; qa^a us BeM^Ir' a 3areM I',I nepeMelgeHl'Ie Harra^ocb yn^orHeHl4e
TpynoB H ^er{algux
".,iiii'Tl;!Ï'
Ha HItx npe'q'MeroB
I1o Han o H a n p a B ^ e H l , r r c - - K c t e r r e c P Y 6 a ' r g ' e ^ o O" . ' u " u n o . o c n o6peeeu' 6 o 4 r r o eIrn porr{acTl4 ocTpaHclBo 6un*ut"t ua*t*"tto" ""*"tt" rr,rei'rÂYcrol6ault' InB-3a IIepaB' n p a B ^ e H l , I r c * ' o " ' o u " o * y K o H g y M o r E ^ bcnuHy' I . T p y n toTge^bnble r n p H e T o M nqacrn o B o p aLIx qfiBa^Itcb Ha nepeBepuy^Ilcb na 6or, HeKoropbre ce'4'^a H O M e p H O r o ' 4 ' a B ^ e H l r t u p u u t o t * M e c r a x " o ' " n o ' 3 a [ etliÏ:^"epeMetga^I4cb pr{PIBa^I4CbHaMecTe'BTO qacrr, rpyna ""il;;;." BpeM' KaK ocra^bHan I{y3,q'eqKI'I'Llnor'q'aorÀe^bHbleuut'"1*o'f,o'"un"tonpasbeSLIHflLr4cb'Bceeto -t"4nu K HLIM y3'q'eqnpueelonnu*it"*ycr6ecnop'.q,oqHoMypacno^o2K Hl,IrcHaxoÀ'oKBMor!{^e. c eornocflIulrMncfl MbI KaK oHIl orKPbrBâ' 'orMeqa^" B npogecce pacKorloK ,rofi noc,reÀoBare^bHocrlr' ro-; e floe'rouy Ir rpynbl rosefi' KaMlr HoMepu*"'J'tî-r" HyMepoBa^I4cb T"*" noou. rï-rio*î ^ucb nepe.q, **." xyÀ'olKecBoeMy HoMepaTpynoBrouefirre.oo,".'"'".À'"o*"pu*-flp H H a é ^ e } I { a l g l 4no xI.lM ceAe^' paaHoo6pasEbl .rp"ut#unto ro na6opu paccMorperb Tar narc c6pyËnile ro neo6xoAlrMo pac^HqHbl ;';;t;' crBeHHoMy o(popM^eHlrrc' o T g e À b H o c T r 4 , . u * o o . o K o H f l c o u . " * . " , o - . " u p " * .HoMepoB ' ' " * . G : r e . cHapqlKeHnt 4 , y l o ' g e e o n l , IKoHt' caHlle g'aercf t nop"on" cHapflll(eHr4'I Hx noneÉ u
24
L
I I
A\=
P s c. 6. Ceg,ro n yr4a lS 1 (pexoncrpyrg*rx).
L
ii
t; Ir
i,
li li
T;
i
1, Patxlaït xonr Ns 5, 18 ,rer, lu c xsocroM, Ban^ereuHbrM B nocy. Àerxa^ Bo BTopoM p^Æy ts nepeBepuyroM no^oà{eur,ru, 6proxou BBepx. Ce4rro noKpbITo KpacnbrM eofiaoxon{ H yKparrreHo KpynubtMr.r BbrpesannbrMu us Kor{pr nao6paxeuntMu rr.rrpa, repsarorgero ropuoro 6apana (puc.35 n r:a6a. Vl,4r. (Dnrypa ropgoro 6apaHa floKpbrra roHKr.rM ^HcroBbrM o^ogoM. Pora ero noKpaIIreHbI B xrearufi gBer, a 6opo4a il <sepKaÀbge) oKo^o xBocra e rpacnufi. Tnrp Becb rr(e^Tbrfi, a pr,rcynoK ruepcrr.r, r^aaa !r Àpyrne .4era^r{ HapucoBaHbr reMnoxopnvuenofi rpacxofi. Peunn Harpy4,Hr{Ka r,r ysg,eqnu yKparrreHbr ,4epeBrHHbrMH 6a.8urKaNaH.Ha
neperpecrb.sx peMHeft uarunrol ruHpoKne 6rrsurnv c pacrHTe^bHbIM y3opoM, floKpblTble ^HCTOBbIM3o^OTOM, a MerK.4y HHMH ps.4,bl ysKHx t{eTKo. BIrÀ,Hbrx 6asruerc, noKpbrrbrx ^rrcroBbrM o^oBoM, f,epesannue nca^zu yeÂeqKfl nao6paxeuutMn ro^oBbr MnQri'recKoro op^a. Bepxnee raao6paxeuue
yxpalueubl
rlca^Ha H Bepxu.flt flo^oBI,IHKa dtaxu-paznu^Ka oKo^o Hero lonpbrrbr so^oroM, HHlilHHe- O^OBOM. ErrgXa-HaAO6HHX e geHTpe UOKpbrTa 3O^OTOM,nO KparM -
o^oBoM (ra6"". Vl, l-3). 2. Parx:aït KoHo Ns 3, c aasssa*HbrMys^oM xBocroM. Vgea xeocra saKpbrr roxatrofi noBtsxoË, norcpurofi 6oluruavr go^orbrM ^HcrKoM. Àemaa Ha 6orcy Bo BropoM pflgy c earnyroË naaa4 rorronoË. I-lorcpuurna ce4^a ns rtre^roro soËr\oKayKpalrleHauso6paxeHzeM Kpbr^aToro runQzuecKoroTHrpa, Tep3arorgero ropHofo Ko3^a. Ouo cursro ng pagHogBeTHbrxKycotrKoB eofi,\oKa- cnHero, Kpacuoro u ï{e^Toro n o6ne4eHo no Konrypau geerHofi sr.rrnoË rau6ypunrrvr uraom (pr.rc. 37 u ra6x Yll). PertrHa HarpyAHHKa H ysAeqKu ynpaueHbr Ha nepeKpecrbfix r4epeB.flHHbrMn QHrypKaMr{ro^oBbr rHrpa, ÂeprKargeroB pacKpbrrofi nacra xantn xa6ana. foaosa rnnpa co BcraB^eHHbrMH KolxaubrMrryruaMn noKpbrTa 3o^oToM, K^brK Ka6aHa- o^oBoM. Mexgy arHMIl çurypKaMu Ha peMHH HaruHTbIKpecrnxn Hg roacrofi Korr(H,rroKpbrrbre3o^orbrMa ^r4crKaMH. flcaann gaKanquBarorct raKrfe neo6paxeHurMa roÀoBbr rnrpa c K^brKoM Ka6asa B nacrlr, Ho uctro^HeHnbrMnHe rpyraofi cryaonrypoË, a 6apeaaeQuo, B npoQlr^b, Eaaxa-sarro6nun nonprrra 3o^oroM. ys^oM xBocroM. OÂr,rn ug 3. Potxnït xoHo Ns 8, 17 ,rer, c 3aBfl3aHHbrM ^yqlllnx no cBoeMysKcrepbepy. Àexaa Ha npaBoM 6ory e nepBoMprg,y. ceÀ^o, KaK r,r y npe{q,brg,ylgero KoHs, yKparrreHo annrruxagnefi n3 gBeTHoro Bofi^oKa (puc.37 n ra6a. VIII). Cromer ueo6paxeHur ror ï{e, Ho ropHblfi Kose^ npe4craBÀen He 6eryEr.rrvr,a ^eà(argnM c nepeBepHyrbrMsag,oMH noBepuytofi Haoag roaonofi, a npnraatorË rrlrp - c K^roBoM nrngbr BMecro Mop.qbranepr. flonpbrrrrKaceg,^a cÀ,e^ana r,rs KpacHoro eofiaoxa, a nao6paxenl{e - I{3 cr{Hero t,t àte^Toro. Hercoroprre Aera^Lr floKpbrrbr ^HcroBbrM o^oBoM Ha nogK^a.4,Keng ?oHKOfiKo2nt{. flo 6orarrr ce4aa npr{Kpen^eHo no Tprr [o.4BecKn, currrTbrxr,r3 KoxI{ u pasHôgBeruoro aofiÀora, oropoqeuHblx norrocxofi cl,ruefo Mexa n .q^auuofi 6axponrofi no xpacHoro KoHcKoroBo^oca. Ha nux nso6pa2reHaro^oBa rop, uoro 6apaua B npoQu^b, o6pargenHaanaopaofiBBepx,pr cBepxy, no 6oKaM ee, iqBe ro.,roebrîLlrpa c pacnpnrrofi flacrblo, c poraMn .ar{Ttr^onbrua a6y, TaK}r(e
26
j:1 4
P u c, 7. Co.4a,ox yr.4a Ne 2 (pexoxcrpyrgur).
F
Pnc. L
Ce,4,ron ye4a Ne 3 (pexoucrpyxgna).
ii iÉ
i
\
Pnc.
9, ÇçAao u ya4a JS 4 (pexonctpyxgnr).
I
f
: I
;
:;:::::':--r**;:
P n c. 10. Koar s y6opo N 5 (pexoncrpyrgrr). B rlpoQH^b, Kportre gBerHoro Bofi^oKa, B aroM H3o6pa)KeHHH npI.Iil{eHeHbITaK?Ke 3o^oro H o^oBo. FIpn ce4rre Haxo.q,HÀcr tgHr, c.4e^aHHbrË H3 KycKa KorKI,l n nPo' iq,erbrx B Hero 34 narroqeK. f,epenaunbre 6^rxfi Ha rlepeKpecrbtx peMHefi Hco6paxarcr ^ocg c +q,ByMsry^oBr,rrgaMa H oÀ,Hofi noBepuyrofi Hasa.q, ro^oBofi co BcraBÀeHHbIMH KorranbrMn yruaMn I,r poraMr,r. flportrexyroquble 6^flxlt tr KoHEbr rlcaÀHr BbrpesaHbr B Br{À,e naÀbMeroK. Erraxu flepeKpecrlrfi [oKpblTbr 3o^oroM, BCe OCTa^bHbIeÀepeBqHHbre yKparueHHg - o^oBoM. 4. Pu.xuia roHo Ns 9, 16-17
^er, raKxe
onut
r1z ^yqrunx,
c Ban^ereu-
Ha 6oKy B nepBoM pa4y, Cegrro c raKHM ?Ke IgH(ra6a. y X,2\.Ha cLrHefi sofiÀoqHoË rIoKpbIIrIKeer() npe.q,brÀylgero roM, KaK u (psc. 36). I4ao6paxense BblpesaHo HB uso6palneu rurp, rep3aroryr.rfi Mapa^a HbrM B Kocy xBocroru. Àexarr
roHKofi Koàrg. Tarp
30
BbrKpaIIIeH B opaHrKeBblfi gaer, AeraÀLt ero nPopHcoBaHbI
iF
ilr
P s c. 11. Ygla N! 5 (peroncrpyxgux). Kopltr{HeBofi Kpacrofi. foaosa H KonbITa Mapa^a noKpbITbI 3o^oToM' Bce ocTa^b' Hoe - o^oBoM. Frrsxu Ha nepeKpecrbgx peMHefi npeÂcraB^fltor I{306pa?KeHHe 6apana c HaKnaÀHbrMIl KolKaHbrMH poraMn. flponlexytorlHble 1tsxpt oçopM^eHbr B BHÀ,e naÀbMeroK. I-lcaanrl Bblpesaubl B BI4,4,eno^Hofi (purypbr cKaqyrgero ropHoro 6apaua. Err.axu flepeKpecrHfi, roÀoBa 6apaHa Hâ rlca' ro^oBbr ropHoro
^ULt H OTÀ,e^bHbIer{aCTH npOMe[iyTOqHbtX 6rrAX nOfpUTbI 3O^OTOM,BCe OCTaÀbyKparueHvA_ o^oBoM (ta6a. IX). Hbre ,4,epeBflHFbre Bo BropoM pflEy. Han6orree nbIIIrHo 5. Prrxufi xoHr Ns 2. HaxoÀnacs y6paHHnrfi It3 ql,rc^a qerblpex KoHefi aToro px4a. Kportae ceÀ,Àa v y1g.br, À'^t Hero no^ofiteHbl MacKa, HaTpuBHLIK Il qexo^ Ha xBocT. Macna c[IHTa I43 To^cTofo
L : I I
Bofi^oKa, floKpbrToro cBepxy Ko]I{efi. Bca nonepxnocTb ee 3aHflra LIso6pa}KeHueM 6opr6rr rrrnpa n MuQutlecKoro qy.4,oBI,IIga,nper4,craBÀeHHoroB BHg,e rHrpa c poFaMH aHTl{^onbr Ha ro^oBe, c rpuBofi Ha IIIee 14 c nTI4qbI,IMI{KpbI^btMIt Ha n^e(Dr.rrypa ranpa, uao6paxenHoro co cnLIHbt B pacn^acragnoM '{ax (ra6^. XIII). BIrLe, saHI,IMaer Bcro HocoBylo qacrb MacKI4- BBepxy ro^oBa, noKaSaHHag B npo' çfl^b
n uepe.q,Hve Àaflbl, noMe4galolg?Iecfl HaÀ, r^a3aMl4
KoH8, BHIlsy
3a4HËe
3l
i i
t
t ^arrbr, noMelrJarorgnecâ Ha uepxlrefi ry6e KoHfl flo,q, Ho3.q,p.aMH.I4:c6paxreuHe BbIÀo?KeHoÀr4croBbrM goÀoroM c npopucoBauubrMlr r{a HeM uepHofi npacnofi geTaÀtMIrt. tly4oaulge saHHMaer BepxHrolo r{acrb MacKu a rgeqHbre aonactu. Ono Bepotruo, geeruoft noxrefi. f,erala rroKasanbr BcraBKaMr! ÀI{CTOBOIO3O^OTa I{ O^OBa, nOMeIgeHHbIMIl B Cge^aHHbIe g,^E 9TOIO COOTBeTBbrno^Heuo ronrofi,
QopMbr BbrpesKrr. Cruaras orÀe^bHo ris ro^cToro soûr\oKa ro^oBa BbrcLrrcfl ua ,r6y roHg. Pora ee, noKpblTble qepeÀyrolgLrwtlcfl. no^ocKaMlr 3o^oTa, oÀoBa rr geerHoft Ko?Ku, gaKanqnBarcTc.fi noKpbrrbrMlr Bo^oroM IIrapHKaMrit.fpnea creyrorgefi
cge.'taHa lrs Kpacuoro KoHcKoro Bo^oca. Ha uree rroKaaano nrr.rtrbe onepenue. flo 6oxant roÀoBbl npr,Iul,rrbr [o4HflTbre BBepx Kpbr^na. Tyrronutge,
uao6pa]r{eHnoc .r,Balrgbi, BaHuMaer lgequbre Àonacrn MacKH. 3a.4,nue ^anbr rlyg,oBwga yilLtparorct B ero ï{I,rBor. flepegnulaa ^arraMrr qyÀ,oBurge cxBarr{^o sa rop^o rarpa. Tarp ugenn^ct By6aML B rpy.4,b qyÀoBurga, a flepe.q,HriMu ^anaMl.t B ero ^ocoBeplueHHo noBbrM El.fl Hac npe.4,MeroM y6opa xons 6u,r [pyruv, Harpr.rBHHK.fpuea KoHs c o6eux cropon o6unra E{e^TbrM eofir\oKor\a s [peBpa-
[arKH.
Tl{Àacb, TaKEM o6pasou,
B n^ornylo,
BeprlrKaÀbno crotrgyrc
creuKy, Ha Koro-
pyro z HageBa^cr Harpr.rBnrrK, npeg,craB^rroqufi co6ofi curnrrrfi H3 ro^croro eofiaora qexoÀ, o6rnnytafi. rosnofi noxeË rz oropo.reuuorË cBepxy gaauuofi 6axponroË Hs KpacHoro KoHcroro Bo^oca. Ha 6oxoedx noBepxuocrsx HarpuBHI,rKa, noKpblTblx ^IrcroBbIM o^oBoM, noMergeno no qerbrpe lr3o6pa?Keunt neryxa, BbIpeBaHHbIxIlB gBerHofi (?) xoxn, c norpurrofi 3oÀoroM roronofi. Taxxe HoBbrM, panee HeIàBBecrHbrMlrpe.4,MeroMy6opa KoHt, .sBÀserc.E KolraHbrfi qexoa Ha xBocT B BIrÀ,e rpy6xn,
oropoqeHHbrfi cnu:y
no,rocxofi cHHero Mexa H 6axpo-
rrlofi t{e KpacHoro KoHcKoro Bo^oca, cruurrrË H3 y3opHo Bbrpe3aHHbrxKycorrKoB KolKIr .4Byx gBeroB. Ce.qao yKpaùreuo cBncatorguMu no 6oran uao6paxeHzalut prr6, nrrpenanubrMll zc ror\ctoii
Kolr{H H floKpbrrbrMrr no noBepxHocru Àr.rcroBbrM
o^oBoM n cwtr4w MexoM. K nrraenr.rxaM npaBqsaHrJr Kycor{Kr.r4annuofi Lra Kpacnoro
KoHcKoIo Bo^oca. Ha
cnnefi eofi.\oqnofi
daxponau
noKpbrruKe ceÂ^a [oMe-
IgeHbI BbrpegaHHbre ur tonnofi noxa lr:o6paÈ{eHnfl Turpa, Tep3augero Àocfl (ra6rr. XI n XII, 4). @urypa rnrpa BbrKpaueua ]ruHepa,rbnofi rpacnoË B ?Ke^rrrfi gner, r4era^H ee HaplrcoBaubr Kopnquenofi xpacxofi. @arypa Àocff noKpbrra ÀIrcroBbrM o^oBoM (pnc, 35), Perunn HarpyAHHKa H ysÆbr ynparueubr Ha [epcKpecrb.gx cKy^bûTypHbrMH lpl4rypKaMH ro^oBbr ropHoro KoBÀa, BbrpesaHHbrMr-r nB Tpex c^oeB Ko2ItIr s roKpbrrbrMr{ ^rrcroBbrM 3o^oroM (ra6,r. XII, 3). Ha rpy4n noMelga^ocb
neo6pameHne
Mr.r(pKr{ecKoro op^a c pacnpocreprbrMH
KpbrÀbtMrr,
Bbrpe3aHnoe vz roacroft KoiKLr, nonpurofi ÀHcroBbrM Bo^oroM rr o^oBoM (ra6r. Xll, 1 , ?). fo.,roua cHa6mesa BbrcoKr.rMrpe6uenr n BBeprrHbrMr{yûraMrl. f,epesaHHrre rrca^uIl ysg,eqKr-ryrpaurenbr Qr,rrypanru rraÀbMeror( Ha Kougax. 6. Pwxnia
rcoHn Ns 4, c zavnzanHbrM y3,roM xBocroM. Àexarr
Bo BropoM
pf,Ày. ceÀÀo,
noKpbrroe crrHHM eofirronorr.r, yKparxeHo noxasoË annÀr.rKagr{efi, Llso6païraroryefi 6opo6y AByx Kpbr^arbrx rryÀoBrlrg (puc. 26). [erana r.reo6pa?fieHHfl pacKpaueHbr KpacHofi a xe.,rrofi xpacxofi,
32
floKpbrrbl ^HcroBbrM goÀoror\t
r
i
iil i I
1t I ll 1i
r\
P s e, 12. Cc4,ro n ys4a Ne 6 (pexoncrpyxgza). 3 M. |I, fp""no"
u o^oBoM' HarpyÀ'nux ce,4^a E ysgeqnbre peMHHr.rMerorHa flepeKpecrbrx 4epe. B.flHnbre6trsxu c aso6paxeunenr Mapa^a (culzpcxuir noÆBH!,6.taropo.4,soro oaeu.s), Bbrno^HeHHOedaperroeQno ry^oBnrge Koroporo lroBTopeHo4BAï{g,brr a floBepHyra.rrHasaÀ ro^oBa rrcno^HeHanpyr,tofi cnyrrrrirypofi r.r cna6xeHa srrpesaHHbIMHr.rs Kolr(E pofaMu 14 yrrraMa (ra6a. XlV, 2, 3). yluolpi.xreurn, IoKpbrrbr no BceË noBepxHocrr,rBo^oroM. B npomexyrKax MelKcq,y raxuug 6,rr, xaMH noMergenrr 6asxu c Hs.dpalKeHHeM ÂByx Mapa^oB, odpargeuHrrx oprcxorr Àpyr K gpyry, noKpbrrbreo^oBoM (ra6a. xlv, 4r. flca.,urn rpeÀ,craB^rrcr co6oË Qurypy cKaqyrgefo MapaÀa (ra6,r. xlv, /). frepe4Haa no^oBr{Haero roxpbrra go^oroM, Bap.Hfl * o^oBoM" Kpyrauû naa.o6sax uoKpbrr 3o^oroM. 7. Kogr N9 6, 10 ^er, HeonpegeaeuuoùMacr', oor*..o r{ rHeÀ,ororo'a" Àexaa B rperbeM pa4y. cegao (ra6,r. xvl), .ronporro. KpacHbrMeoËaoxo14, yKpaureHo nao6paxeuue[.r ME(pHqecKoroop^a, cxBargBllrero Korr.fiMr.I ^ocrr (puc. 36). Hso6paxreu'e Bbrpe'a'o us ro'Kofi xoxa r.r no.pbrro oaosov. fro 6oxau ceÀ^a no.4,BerrreHbr uso6paxeHur ro^oBbr a'rponoMoplpuoro qyr4oBlzrga, Bbrpesa'Hbrea3 À,Byxc^oeB TOHKOËnoxn. or4eaourre .q,era^r{ naodpaxeuua noKpbrrbr o^oBoM' Boaocrr cg,e^aHbrr.rs KpacHoro KoHcKoroBo^oca. LÏeo6pan<eHIlt noÀBe[JeHbrK Ce4Ày BHr.I3rOrrosoû. G npanoû cropoHbr cer4,Àa noÀBellteH Ha peM'e rgur, nogo6H'Ë 4eyrr.rnpeÀ,brÀ,yrgar'r (ra6rr. X, /).Ha rgzre Àer*a^o elge ogHo r'rsoopaxeHuero^oBbr aHrpofloMoptpuoroqy4oBrrrga c ,cHo noKasaHHbrMIzgBepnrrbrMkporaMw u yuuav,u,TaKlr{eBbrpegauuoeHB Kolltu, Ho 6ec Kon_ cKoro Bo^oca (ra6,r. XVII, 2). HaryygHrK ceÀ,ÀaH ys4er{Ka yKparueHbrgepe_ BflHHbrMr.r 6,'nxarvm,Bbrpe3anHbrMr{ B BhÀ,ena^bMeroK (ra6a. XV), Baa 6t,nxtr rloKpbrrbr o^oBoM. TOAnno KpyrÀat 6aaxa-saao6HuK H r{acrr.r naÀbMeroK HA lrca^Hrx z 6a.axax Ha nepeKpecrbtx peM'eË noxporr:nr3.ÀoroM. 8. fHegofi ( ? ) r
Ji;
l
1
|lr i
li;
I
I-
t
t-:;
g.l"
t;/
Prc.
3*
13. Co,4ro n ys4a Ne 7 (pexoncrpyngar).
It''
r.i
Frrc. 14. Ce4,ro a ys4a Ne 8 (pexoncrpyxgua).
P a c. 15. Co4.rrou ys6a ]û 9 (pexoncrpyxgna).
i, I
ii
j
ir "1.
*r
Ay
(6 :((
ll
\=o
il* f
À\\
P s c. 16. Kosr s y6ope Ne 10 (pexoncrplrgr.ra). (ta6a.
{epeanHHrte 6rtflxlt, pacno,'\ox{eHHbleHa nepeKpecrbtlx peM' ueft, aeo6parfiaror Mr-r+nrrecKoro opÀa, pacnpocreproe ry^oeulge Koroporo c o.4XVII,
/).
a noBepuyraq Hasag, ro^oBa co rpe6Hena- rpyraofi cryrrrnrypofi sBepilHbrMn y[raMa rr BblcoKHM ay6uatuu (ta6rr. ){^){., I ). Hu Harpy.q,Hr4KeMelr{Ày raKHMn 6aqxaNaa noMelgeubl 6t.r'xtr, EbrpeoaHubre B BHÀe naÀbMeroK, KaK Ha cegae Ne 7, a na ysge - 6,.gxu c I'Iso, uofi aanofi nocpeÂr,rue r{cno^HeHo 6apearetpon,
6paxeuHenr ro^oBbr ropHoro 6apaua B nacru xHlgHHKa (ra6a. XX-, 2'), f]ca,rnn
38
P nc, 71, Ygga Ns 10 (pexoucrpyxgar). y3À,bl saKaHqnBarcTct ro^oBaMLI Ml,r@nqecKoro op^a c ay6qarbIM rpe6HeM (ra6rr. XX, -3, 4). Toarno y eroro KOHa y,4u^a y3À,eqKn 6pouaorue, y Bcex ocra^bHbrx - à{e^e3Hbre. 10. Puxnfi
ronr
Ns 10, crapnre 20 m,
caMblfi ^yqrullfi
no eKcrepbepy.
Âexaa B nepBoM pflEy H r.rue,r.naa6o^ee nblutHblfi y6op. Macna, clul4rat rar u rre, KaK û onacaHnar nog, Ne 5, 6uaa no vnoMy oçopM^eHa (ta6a' XXIII png. 38). Ha uoaoCrr, noKpbrBatorgefi nocoeyrc qac'I'b MacKH, noMeIgeHO I'I3oLt3 ClIHero 6paXenlle Tnrpa, TaKoe 2Ke, KaK !I Ha nepnofi MaCKe, HO C.q,e^aHHOe Mexa, Ha IIoBepxHocrI,I KoTOpOro npLIK^eeHbI KpylKKIr H3 TOHKOTOeO^OTa. Ha ,roduofi rracTlr MacKn BbIcÂTct orpoMuble pola o^eHt, cIIrHTbIe B HaTypa^bHylo Be^nrrnHy LrB To^crofi KorfiH. OrpocrKa poroB, KaK y MapaÀa, HanpaB^enbl Bne' pe.4, oT ocHoBHoro cTeplKHt, Ho Ha KoHgax cBol4x pa3BeTB^flrcTc.fi, KaK eTO xapaKrepHo ,4,Àq ceBepHoro o^eHt. Kongol orpocrKoB HMeIor QopMy Tpy6oqeK' B KoTopbre BcraB^eHbI flyqKlr KpacHoro KogcKoro BoÀoca, f]o
scefi cBOefi no'
39
BepxHocln pora o6raHyrrr ronroË, BeporrHo, rpacnofi Kolnefi c Qr,rrypnrruû npopes.gMlr, noKpbrrbrMH ^r4croBbrM o^oBoM, a B ÀByx Mecrax - 3oÀoroM. Tanofi x{e rexHr,IKofi errno,\ÊreH 14 opHaMeHT Ha rgerrHbrx no^ocrtx MacKLt. HarpneHun no4o6eu [epBoMy, onHcaHHoMy Bblrue, ToÀbKo aeo6paxeHnr qeryxoB Hacro^bKo crITÀHSOBaIrbr, qro, He sHas roo6paxeHnË nepeoro HarprrBHnKa, Tpy.4,Ho 6uao 6r,r ltx ysnarb (ra6,r. XVII,3). fpnea eroro KoHs BaKpen^eHa oÀ,HrlM KycKoM eofiaona, c^o)KeHHbrM rroflo^aM no .4^r{He. t{exoa Ha xBocr no eopMe no4o6en nepBoMy, Ho yKparrren Àpyrr{M ygopoM. CeÀ,,to c roKpbrrrrKofi rpacnoro gBeTa yKpalueno uso6paxeHlltMH TI,Irpa, BbrpesaHHbrMr.rr.r3 Kolt{tl n rroKpbrrblMfi o^oBoM (pwc,33,3), n ceucarcrgr.rMuno 6oran orpoMnbrMn, 6orree rvrerpa 4aauofi, aao6pall{eHllrMll Tlrrpa tre c poraMl4 aHTnÀorrbr, À^HHHbTMHyruaMrr vr Bbtcorofi rpunoË, crul4rorr.fii r.r3 KpacHoro sofiaoxa (ra6a. XXII). lreratn r{so6pax{eHl,rq noKasaHbl HarrrHTbrMIt KycoqKaMr.I tonxofi, noxpurofi fpuna cg,e^ana Hs Kpacnoro KoHcKoro BoÀoca. flepexpecrnn
o^oBoM,
Ko}Kr.r.
peuHefi Harpyg-
HLIKa H ysÀ,br yKparrjeHbr g,epeB"rrHHblME d/.nxarvw, aeo6paxarcrgr.rMH ro^oBy ropuoro 6apaua c poraMn, BbrpesaHHbrMnns Kolr{lr (ra6a. XXI, 4). Ha narpy4HI{Ke MerKÀ,y 9THMH 6rr.gxaua noMergeHbr erge 6rraxn c nao6paxeHH€M foÀoBbl ropHoro 6apana B nacra xl,trgHvKa, TaKHMT{ }rçe, KaK Ha y3Àe npeg,brgylgero xon.t. flcaauù
yzp,br fionpblTbr ^lrcroBblM
so^oroM, ToÀbKo Ha nca^Htx H Ha 6a.sxax neperpecrnfi MopÀbr 6apaHa noKpbrrbr o^oBoM, a r^asa H Bcfl ocra^bHaa qacrb aao6paxeuur - so^oronn, K erolry ua6opy orHocurcq r,r uarreHrr
ee CIIJI4TbIHs y3Kax no^ocoK MeJa renapr4,a, cHflToro c ero
ÀaII' a ÀI{geBaff rr3 ySopHbrx pou6aroa,
BbrKpoeHHbrx u3 cuHero r.r 2Ke^Toro Mexa, npI4qeM QHrypKI4, BbIpeSaHHbre r{3 CHHHX pOnr6arcoe, BcraB^eHbI B ï{eÀrrre pou6urn a nao6opor. flogyrueqKa Haxog,H^acb oKoÀo ce.q,aa Ns 4. BepxH.st qacTb ee cÀeÀaHa H3 Mexa c ro^oBbl renapÀa' c KycoqKaMI{ TKaHLI, BCTâB^eHHbIMII B OTBepCTI,Lfir^a3,
HltltlH.fl.g culllTa Il3 KycOqKOB KOII{E C BblrrIHTbIMI.I ua nefi cnoco6onl aun^aKagun crz^HsoBaunoruu nao6pazle:awfl,MvrroÀoBbt ^ocr, ga.4H.frgHg KycKa raa4xofi xoxu. 3ta noiq,yûreqKa, H^rr Meiuoqex, 6rraa Hano^HeHa I'r3Me^br{eHHbrMlrrracrsMu IIÀoÀoB H BerOqeK ÀHKopacryrgux pacteunfi.
'd)
II KYÀbT:/PA NASbIPbTKCKOTOIIAEMEIII{ t{ro6rr
noÀyrrûTb ap::eo^(rrririecrurii Ivtarepr{a^, llocraroquorË À,^fl ycraHonH ?r{H3Hri ranoro-ax6o À,peBHero n^enaeHa, odrluuo rpe6yercr nponsBecrl,r pacKonKn ocrarKoB HecKoÀbnux Mecr
^eHI,Ir ocnoBnrrx oco6ensocrer? Ky^brypbr
nocerrenuii, (q,ecqrKoBr.r.q,alKe coreH fiorpe6eauit, npHHa.4Àe]Kargux pacHbrnr o6IgecTBeHHbrM CÀO'M fl3yqaeMoro n^eMeHn, pacno^araTb Marepua^oM Ii ÀpyrHx BosMot{Hbrx nailrfiTHIIKoB. f,axe flpa grr.rx yc^oBu.flx HeKotopbre ocuoB}rbre N{e c,ra6o urrz coBceM He ocBergeuubrMrr. rlaalrpuixcxoe 'ranoft paluoo6paenrrrfi notpe6eHne, oÀHor JLaÀo o6u,r,ruufi n uarepua.À, Bcecroponne u no^Ho ocBergarorguË sy,rrrypy ocraBuBrr]ero ero [^eMeHH, qro no^b' Borrpocbr ocrarorc.s
HM, Kaprr{Hy x{rlsuri panlrrrx KoqeBnr4l(oB Aa'rag Mo}t(Ho npe4B ocHoBnbrx cBorrx qeprax 6oaee noÀHo, lreM aro BosMo)Kr{o rq,Àfi pr.4,a pafionoe, apxeo^oraqecnr.re naMtrHHKu (oropbrx orxpbrrbr r! sHaqvre^b-
3y.flcb ro^bKo craBzrb
4pyrnx HOM KO^nqeCTBe. Mexgy o 6orarrtx
reM erge He.q,aBlro y Hac naeuessofi
norpe6euuax
xyruKl4 o6rgecraa,
6oriro
pacnpocrpaHeno
ûpe.4,craB^eHl4(;l
srrarn KaK o naM.rrrHriKax cogpla^brrofi eep-
ocBergarcrglrx ^lrrJrb oco6enuocrpr Ky^brypbr
o6rgecrna rr Hrrqero He roBoprlgzx
Bbrctuux c^oeB o6 ocnosubix npoprsBoÀ,rrre^tx, o rex, qblrMn
pyKaMIT coaÀ,aHbr norpe6enunre c yMeprrrr.rMBergx, nocrpoeno Hoe coopyrreur{e, Bos,4Brrrnyr r(yprair. Taxofi,
cÀozKHoe Mofl{^b-
B KopHe HenpaBu^bHrrfi, nar.rra4
Molr{Ho Bcrperrrrb n cefiqac cpe4?I HeKoroBsrÀffg fiB^fferc.fi c^eÀcrBneM ga6eeHr.Ig K^u HerronltMaHI4r o.4,Hofo rf3 ocnoBnbrx no^olreHufi naapxcncrcKo-^eHngcnofi gua,'renrnnn, /cTôHâBr\PIBârOrgeË, rrTo BCe npe(4,MeTbrvr flp.6eif.vlfl.KAK B rrpripo.q,e, TaK z e o6rgeHa cnatreuue 6orarrrx pbrx apxeo^oron.
norpe6erufi
Tanofi
cTBe cocTaB^troT
egr,IHoe ae^oe, B3aI,rMHo cBfl3aHbr, SatsBcrrT .q,pyr oT .q,pyra lr o6yc^oB^I.rBaror À,pyr Àpyra. EcaH aagaua Hcroprzna Horefitugx snox 3aKÀIo17
qaerct, r^aBHbIM o6paaolr,t, B ToM, qtodrr ycrauoBuTb cnaen HayuaeÀaux ggaeHËË u o6'oncgurb lrx, To l,rcropllK-apxeo^or, Hao6opor, g,o^txen, rro^b3yr{cb gHaHLIeM gaKoHoMepHoctefi csgceË rr,rexgy fipeg,MeraMlr vr flF.Jre:f'vrflMlr,BoccraHoBr.rrb lro HeMHOllrM, I4Merorgr.rMcgB elo pacllop.rr2KeHl,Il4npe.4,MeTaM, XapaKTep ÂpyrH:( HecoxpaHr,rBrrrnxcq npe.qMeroB, xapaKTep LrHTepecyrcrgnx ero asaeHr,rfi o6rgecreeHHofi i{rasnr.r r-rcc.,regyenrofignoxu, BoccranoBlrrr o6qyrc Kaprr4ny KyÀb.r'ypbr arofi enoxn. kleyuaa pasHoo6pasHbre ^ o6n.,uHue Marepva^br 6oraroro norpe6eHuq eo Bcex ris cBtgsx
r,r o6ycrroarreguocrrj, !rc?KHo no^yr{r.rrb npeA,craB^eurle o 6rtte cognaar'Hofi Bepxyllrnr.r o6rgecrea Ha rrprrMepe norpe6enuorr-r B MOrH^e ee npeg,cTaBlJTer'.fi., HO rr O TeX, qbvMt4 pyKaMn cos4aHo Bce Hôxofifr. rgeect B MorIT^e - o6 ocnonHblx, TpygoBbrx c^ogx Hace^eHnr, o BceM [^eMeHtI He ro^bKo
IJ ge^oM. Oco6ennoctv
rexur,tKrz, xogsficrsa
u
6atta Bcero n^eMenrr B ge^oM,
c^oà{IlBllrldxct
B HeM npolzsrogcrBenubrx oruorlreuuË rz o6rgectnennoro crpor, ero cesseË c ÀpyrrrMlr 6rrneKr,IùrHrz g,a^eKnMr,rr^eMeHaMH, oco6ennocra *ruuleun A, MHpoBo33pel{u.r, pe^Hnl4osHbrx ûpe.4,craB^eHwit, uso6 p azu re^bHoro A cKyccrBa - Bce aro Haur^o cBoe orpa?Keuae B Haxo.qKax l-Iaerrpuncnoro KypraHa, BCe TO MOIIçer 6nrtn soccraHoBÀeHO 6O.ree uau MeHee rro^Ho, c roË ztu wuof creneHbro rorrHocrH r.r .q,ocroBepHocrl,r,Bor noqeMy npe.4,craB^.fiercfl HrrrepecHbrM B HaCTOqIgeMOqepKe Ha npuMepe llaarrprrncnoro KypraHa noKasarb, KaK MHOro MOXter g,arb A^t Idcropltzr 4peBHefo o6rgecrna BcecropoHHee HsyqeHr{e oa,Horo, Kasa^ocb 6u orpaunueHHo, oÂ,HocropoHHe r.r .flKo6rl HcKa2KeHHOOTpazKarcrgero 4eficrnntearHylo à{Irsub naM.flTHHKa,KaK B oruocure^bno HeMuorr{x nergax 6oraroro norpe6eHHff npeÀcraBllreÀ.q naelressofi sHarlr Haru^r4 cBoe orpaà{eHl{e Bce ocnoBubre oco6esnocrn 4eËcreurearuofi xagur.I Bcero nÀeMeHH B Ee^oM. Her conrHesHs, qTo MHofIze ua6rrrcëeHr,ra, c4e^aHHbre TO^bKO nO MaTepr4A, naru llaauprrrKcKoro
KypraHa, erge He.q,ocraroqHbr .q^t
xÀ,euu.fl Toro ItÀr.I Hnoro no^oï{envlfl,
oKoHr{are^bHoro yrBep-
u rpe6yrcr
4,ono^Hr,ITe^nnrrx ua6.tro,4,eurafi rlo MaTepr{a^aM À,pyrHx uaMtrTHr,IKOB.B page c^ytraeB cavrn ua6rrro Ee:fi]g.fiMor^r4 6urr, cge"rraHbr ro^bKo npr4 conocraB^e'Hr{ Maîepga^oB flaeurpuncxoro Kyplaua c Marepna^aMr.r Âpyrux Haxo.q,oK. Iloaronry rrpeÀ,craB^.fieMafl sÀecb KapTprHa Ky^brypbl paHHITx KoqeBHuKoB Aarar, xor.fl I.t À,aerc.fi ÀHrxb B ToË Mepe, g xarofi oHa ocBergaercg Mareplra^aMa flaarrpuxcnoro KypraHa, Ho MarepHa^br eTIr paccMaTplrBa[oTct He I43o^HpoBaHHo or À,pyrHx HgBecTHbIx naM.fiTHaKoB, a BcerÀa c no^HbIM IiX yr{eTOM, B COnOCTaB^eHHUC HITMI'I. B liaaupuxcKoM Kypra'e, KaK y',r4rLr'- Har*e, norpe6en n,reueuuofi nox4rr, a 6ovrourag qacrb conpoBo?KgarcIgnx ero eergeË noguecerra eMy or po.4op^agbrx ero n^eMeHr{. floeronay BoccraHaB^r.IBaeMar HaMIi IIo HaxoÂKaM KypraHa Ky^bTypa xapaKTeptrsyer co6ofi npexge Bcero ro n.ÀeMs, Koropoe Mbr ycÀoBr.rMcâ HaSbIBaTb naSblpbIKcKI.rM. Flasrrprrxcnoe ''ÀeMr saHrirMaÀo, BepotrHo, To^bKo He6orroruyro qacrb Arrtag. Hgsectqrre HaM naMtrHriKri nogBo^rror rrpeÀrro^atarb, rITo ocra^bl{bre rlacrl4 ropHoro A"nraa u Tyea 6rrtaH gace,,reHbr .q,pyrrrMu n^eMeHaMti, po.4,crBeHI
42
UoXeT' COCTaB^tBIIrnMn BMeCTe HbrMn no Ky^bType C nAgbIpbIKCKI{M U' 6rttr c HgM oÀHo IIo^HTItqecKoe o6begI,IHeHHe. He.q,octatO'Igag elge uSyqeHgocTb Cu6uptt' He [o3Bo^ÂeT 6orree roquc) apxeoÀorgrrecKgx naMflTHItKoB lOxnoft KoqeBHn' onpe.4,e^Hrb rpaHl{gbl pacce^eHas a^TaficKofr rpynnbl n^eMeH paHHHx A6aKaHqTo oTge^s^Hcb ogu ceBepo-BocToKe Ha KoB. Moxino ^Klrrb oTMeTI,tTb, flo^yKoqeBblx rpynnbl çKHM tr GaqgcxrîNr ropgbrMl xpe6TaMr.r or MKHycI,IHcKoË rr^eMeH c xapaKrepHofi Ky^bTypofi, Ha ceBepe oHH rpaHqql.I^r4 C OceÀ,^blMI{ n^eMeHaMU Bepxnefi o6a, Ha Sanag,e I4 IO1O' 3eM^eÂ,e^bqecKo-c6oroBo,4qecKr,rMr.I KagaxCraHa' nOqTI'I cOEceM H€ It3/9€HcTenei 3ana.4,e c KoqeBbrMq flÀeMeHaMI,I HbIMI'T, HO, NO I,IMETIgI,IMCff
.q,AHHbIM'
COCTABAqBIUHMI'
I'IHYIO'
r43 gTlrx
OTANIIHYTO
IIO K}ÂT:'
rrerbrpex gTHI{qecKHX
n^eMeH. Kaxg,ag npI,I Ha^HqI{Id HeKoTopbtx o6lgax qepT Ky^bTypbl' oTrIeT^I{Bo oT^I'IqaeTCfl o.q,Ha or Â,pyroË. floaroruy Ha6^rogeHHt Ha.4' oco6eHHocrtMH Ky^brypbl lra3blpbr6cKoro n^eMegrr xapaKrepl,rcyroT co$ofi B sgaql{Te^bHofi Mepe a Ky^bTypy
Type or a^TaficKofi, rpynny rpynn,
n^eMen paHHI4x KoqeBHI'IKoBAaraq u Tyen, Ho He Mory'r 6bITb pacnpocTpaHeHbl Ha Àpyrae rpynnbl n^eMeH. He urt'res noKa Apyroro, 6o^ee yÀ,ar{Horo, HaHMeHoBaHru.s,!,^fl. o6o3natleuu.fi a^TaficKofi rpynnbl n^eMeu' 6y4elt Bcefi rpynnbl
HaSbIBaTb IIX B A,a^IrHefiruenapaHHI{MH KOtIeBHIaKaMUArrrag' Bpervra coopyiKeHr,rs flaerrporncxoro KypraHa noKa He MolKer 6urr' onpe6e^eHo ToqHo. .flcuo ,tr.IErur,qTo oH npHHaA,Àe?fiHTK Toft rpynne naMffTHHKoB Ha Ko BpeMeHn c V no III en. Ào H' e' Kypraurr 1? 1ô e KrlsnI:r-Ey:ryre n Typane r Tyre, Ha A^rae, n Aparo.,re r-r Tyaxte a raKï(e nepBbrfi r,r Bropofi Kypragbl e flasuputtte coBepIIIeHHo He Co.4ep2rar B ce6e Bergeft KrrràficKoro nponcxolr{AeHvrfl. rru?! orpaï{alolgax KaK[Ie'^I{6o KI'IraficKlre B^ItsHat, rITo raK xapaKTepHo .4^-fl naMflTHLtKoB A,ttax, Har{EHafl co II s.
Arrae,
Roropble orHocsrct
1lo H. 3. v.4nrra, nca^Hu, sep6a^a I'I HegoTopble .4,pyrlre upe.4,MeTblpaHHe-cKH(pgTana cnl{x TlrnoB, HaxoÀ,uMble B KyplaHax [per4,IIIeCTByIOIgero,MafigMnpgKofo' r.r Aarr{pyeMbre BpeMeHeM He no3ï{e Haqa^a V s. go H. e,, B Kypragax nasblpblK' KypcKoro eTana saMeHeHbI H6BbIMH apopMaMfi. flocnoanny r flaauputtcKoM raHe, KaK yBIIELIM HHlKe, npn Ha^Irr{uu tcHo npoc^e}KI4BAeMbIXKy^bTypHblx cBt' seË c HapoëaMn CpeÀ,HeË AsHIr w klpaua axeMeHgg,cKoro BpeMeHI'IorcyrcrBytor KaKI.re-^H6oyKaBaHH.flHa cBssLI c rpeKo-6aKrpgficKofi Ky^brypoË, Mox{Ho no^ararb, qro oH coopyt(eH pagee III e. Ao n. e. HanfoÀee Bepotrgofi g,atofi ero c^eg,yer cqllrarb IV e. go H. 4., Ho He V, raK KaK B noc^e.4geM c^yqae Ha6^rc' qTo lta^acb 611 6o"trrruas 6^tagocTb ero K naM.flTHHKaM MafigMl,IpcKoro eTafla' o1oHuaTe^bHoro peuleHng Bonpoga o Tôt{Hofi .4,aTI'I' rtoKA He oTMeqae1cq. f,af poBxe flasbrpbrKcKoFo KypraHa Heo6xog,HMo HaKon^eHI,Ie HoBbIx Marepil a^oB' BoauoxHo,
qro
3HarIItTe^bHyIo noMotgb
B groM oTHoIIIeHan Moxer
oKa3arb
Ha 6pennax Its Morn^bHorÔ coopy}I{eHlrt. H3yqeHûe roAITrIr{bIX Ko^eg rq,peBeel,IHbr 18 Ho rellepb Bno^He BosMolltgo' 'raK KaK 3ro ne yg,a^ocb c(q,e^arb s 1929 r., uMeercs o6lr^bHblfi .4peBecHblfi Marepl4a^ I'I3 qerblpex 6augxltx IIo BpeMeHI'IKyp' raHoB B flasupHre.
43
ll
Texnnna r{eaeso 6nr,ro xopouro rr3Becruo nasbrpbrKcKoMy n^eMenr,r. Yaaaa .qeBrrl,r y3À'eqeK uB EecflTvr 6rt,rlr ettKoBaHbl r{s }fie^esa. Ho ncerrego, Beporrgo, elge BbIcoKo geHH^ocb, t4 Izs Hero A,e^a^rzcb, 6rrrr uoxet, . To^bKo opynçne H Berglr Â"tx 6orarofi n,reuesnoË a po4onori 3HarH, a opyglrs xoasficreeHgoro HasgalreHnt ocraBa^acn 6pousoertun. HeygLrBHTe^bHo nogroMy, qro rBoB.4,H,KoropbrMr{ npn6ur
eofiaon K creHaM cpy6a, 6nran ne ïie^egubrMa, a MeÀHbrMH n .q,epeBqHHbrMH, ronop rpa6areaefi .6u,t 6ponaonnrfi. floan4nuouy, H Bce rolopbr crpor.rrerrefi xypraHa rolKe 6nrrrn 6ponsoBbre, TaK KaK ^egBlirfl ux, cyp,^ no cÀeÂ,aMHx pa6orol, 6uau cnrrnuo :aay6pennr. Ha Arrrae npoacxoÀ,r.rr nocreneHHas saMeHa
dpoHaoentx opyguir x{e^eBHbIMIl, TorÀa KaK cKzebr fJo4neupoerx n Ky6ann yxe s vl e. &o H. L no^Hocrbro nepe''^u ir yuorpe6ae*zro lfie^eoHnrx opygnfi. Muuycancnue û^eMeua H, rro cBnrq,er€Àbcrg] fepoÂora (V e. ao H. a.), Maccarerbr B Cpe4neû AcHrî nor\rcoBaincb erge 6poneoBbrMr4 opyïrwew pr opyg,r,rrMn. Gaegri pa6oru roflopoM ua 6penuax n À,epeB.EH'brxHsÀ,e^Hrx noKasbrBaror, tITo gro 6or.,ru rrraaenbKue ^erKr.re opygprtl c ^esBneM ruzpnuoir e 45-56 MM (6 onpeÀ,e,\enafi). Kerrrr Hacal*riBa^cs Ha pyKorrKy ra*, qro ocb ero or*^oHff^acb He K pyKe pa6orarolgero, a or nee. Taxnm ronopoM pa6oralu, BH4HMo, cn^erra' a He R ^oKre.
Pa6ora 6r,r,ra. rpy4oenanofi. flpr.r nepepy1asuz 6peeeH n nrepÀefi npaxo.4*r^oc:o uanpy1arr> Ilx c HecKo^bKrrx cropoH Lt sareM nepeÀaMbrBarb. KoHgor 6penen noeroMy ràMeror o6rrqno napaulr4a-,trHrrfi o6py6 B, 3-4 rpaHr'r u nepe^oM^e'Hyro cepggeenuy. Ha À,epeB,r*Hbrx rzsge^r4.flx, npfiBeseHHbrX Ae flaetrpurKa,
y4,a^ocb ycîaHoBr4Tb IrO xapaKTepy pacllo^o2Kel{us IIrrpI{xoB or saay6pnu Ha ^esBplH c^eÂbr 12 raxnx rorlopoB, npIILIeM OKasaÀOCb, rrro Ko^oÂa o6pa6arrrnaÀacb ÂByMr{ TorropaMl,I, c^eÀopare^bno -- geymx pa6oTarorg?rMrr,a KpbrrrrKa ee -_ TpeTbr.rMToIIopoM, 'raKïre a rec^o, npeg,craBÀttolgee co60Ë ranoË xe Ke^bT, Ho Haca?KeHn4Ë ran, r{ro .Àe3Bqe ero 6trao nep11eg4,Lt6y^spgo 0crr pyKo.rrrr'r, Ha xo,roge ocraB^eHbr c^eÂbr pa60rrr ,4ByMr rec,\aMri -- oÀHo Kponae rorropa,
ynotpe6rraaocL'
c ^esBI'reM ruzpnnofi v 37 I/.w, gpyroe e 38 iôr. Oreepcrr.ra Ha oAHoM spMe r.r Ha 60Kosofi nrepi4,Hap6nr npopy6,tenu .4,oÀoroM c ^e3Br.reM ruupanofi e 11.5 ruu, a Ha ÀpyroM rpMe -- uapnnofi e 13 MNa. fipanrorrrr g,oÀoroM nrrpy6a.,rHcr, xar< npffMoyro^bHbre, TâK H Kpyr^bre oTBepc?rTr. C.le6rr oco6egnocts
pa6orr,r ûrH^oM, Nr,tofi n npoBeprKofi ne flosBo^s]or ycraHoBarr, arrlx opy4rzfi. Horm, cyÀ,.ffno cÀe{4,aMero pa6orrr Ha Mrroroqnc-^err-
I{bIx .4epeBflHHblx,a raKxie KoxaHblx a eoËr\oqHnlx Hgiq,e^ntx, 6rr,r ro Bcex c^yqaffx c np.fiMbrM ^e3BLreM. .{axe uerrnpre ÀepeBsrrHbte xyg,oà{ecrBeuubre [r34,e^nq BblpeSaHbr np.fiMblM HolKoM. O rexuraxe o6pa6orrn ?fie^ega Mox(Ho ^I{[rb cKagarb, qro KygHegbr lrasbrpbrKcr(oro rt^eMeHa yMeÀH XoeKofi BbrrârnBarb g,^r.rggbre crep]Ë,HI,I, sarg6arb nx
44
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Partpcsc;2-ygnta;.î-qropma sBCMi B Pa3PCse; ,l - rÛ '(C, lrllctr'tllitr Dû4t
!.t, cBapnBas Kor{gbr, noryqarb
gaMKHyrble rIeTÀI,t. Tan
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rÀLrHbr oTTIzcKLIBa^cfl n^ocraË yro^bgofi
MoÀ,e^1a oTTl{cKllBaÀacb gBycTBopqaTatl B oÀ,Hofi n^ocKocTI.I, ilo j). (pHc. Broporo sBena no Moge^Il rrre orrll{KliBa^rlcb lrBe 18, lrm çopMa CTBopKIt, o$pasylgtgfle 6o^b[]oe HapytKl{oe l(o^trgg, cTep}Kegb t,t $OKOBbIe rIo' BepxHocrÛ npEMbrKa.Iolgefi K crepiKilro qac'rn MaÀoro Ko^bga (pnc. 18,)5)'
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a
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OTÀHBOK.
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6u.to
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c nrraexofi 3o^o1a v nPyrllwvr Bn,q,aMH ero o6pa6or:rcu. 3to cae4yer xorff 6rr ue toro, qTo no^yqarolgHect flprl noÀbsoBaHHll ^llcToBbrM 3o^oroM oTxog,bl ue nul6pacr'tBa^Llcb, a g,o^?KHbr 6utu nepenÀaB^trbcfl v ynotpe6^trbct
Ha 4pyrae rr3r4,e^ut. B guaqaTe^oHo 6oanrleM
O,toeo
crBe ynorpe6aeno
Ko^I{qe-
ua yKparueurle norpe6eHHnlx
B KypraHe npeAMeToB, xoTt
coxpaHHÀocb B
MeHb[reM KoÀrrqecrBe. flo oupe4eaenuro B. H, KoHoHoea, gro BbrcoKoKarlecrBeHHoe MtrKoe o,roeo 6ec nocroponHlix
npurvecefi. Ono
ac-
nO^bSoBaHO COBepIxeHHOTaK à{e' KâK LI 3O^O' F u c. 19. I-lsntsnii (1/a ".u')'
KyBIxuH
To, r,r rexHHKa û^rcrgeunrl ero 6rtrra rarofi
xe.
Metaarr 6ua, riecomneuHo, LrMnoprHbIM,BepotrHee
Bcero, ri3 cpatsHl-I1'e^bHoHeÀa^eKo Ha'
ÀpeBHnx o^oB.flHgblx pyÀHHKoB s Ka,\68ÉIcxom xpe6re BoCro.Igoro 10 E,recratgee, KpacrlBoro 6e,toro gBeTa o^oBo KaK .q,eKopaTIasgatfi KagaxcraHa. MaTepI{a^ geHu^ocb, noBIlgIIMoMy, IIoIITH TaK ï{e BbIcoKo, KaK Il 3O^OTO. MuHeparrnHbre KpaCKH 11pEMeHeHbIrq,^s pACKpaCKI.IHeKoTopbIX gepeBgHHbIX
xo4,qrguxcr
y6opa Ns 7 z 6uv), uo r^aBHbrM o6paeolr À,^s paBpLIcoBKL ('rertlrro4era,tefi ueo6pamennfi no nonçe (npacrrax n xe,,rraa) a IIo 3oÀoTy oxpa, KpacKopr{qHeBafl). flo oupe4e^eH}tlo B. FI. KoHoHoBa, ?Ke^ra KpacKa npegMeroB (rgar
Hag -
KHHoBapb. Ha4o no,tararb, rrro raKlrMr{ KpacKaMri pacKpaul.IBa^Hcb M[Io-
rHe 6bIToBbIe npeÀMerbl. O texHnne KepaMHr{ecKoroflpon3eoÀcrtsa Mo}liHo cy4lrrb ro^bKo Ùo yge'19). fopao coc}rfl,a orÀo.reeûrefi nepxnefi qacrH y3Korop^oro KyBurEHa (puc' Cna.fl ^eHT, a 3aleM pae6u,loco Ha Me^KHe KycKI{, Cygl no I,IB^oMaM, Bc.fl BepxH'It qacTb, BblcoTofr oxo,ro 2'l cM, cocrofl^a ga oAHofi urltponoË ^egTbr !t^H notca. floatoruy BepoflTHee, qro cocy4 BbI^e[ÀeH He ^eÉITot{uofi rexssxofi, a no xapaKTepHoMy Æ^fl Cpe4Hefi Aguu cnoco6y <
no.flcoB>). Cpopruoean cocyg 6es rouqapHoro Kpyra I{ or^I{qaerc.fl or r,rnusnoii nocy,4br HB Lpyrsx rrorpe6eglîfi roro x{e BpeMeHIl I.I IiB noce^eusfi Ha Bepxueir O6a
rrnrun 6o,tee rlga're,trsofi
o6pa6ornofi
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6o,,ree coBepuleHnbll\l
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46
roroBblx HBAe^ITfi. OrnaetUU Hau6o^ee HHTepecHbIeHa6^rc-
iF-
ÀeHHfl. Kax yxe npHeMoB pa6orrr
IIoKaSaHo Bbrrue, naarrennxufi ,rernafi ronop rpe6oea,\ ocodalx npn paspy6anun crBo^oe. Becr,N4a rpy4oevrnofi 6nr,ra pa6ora
H rro I.ISroTOBÀeHrrron^ax jl,^f
BHyTpeHHefo cpy6a. Kaxa,ag [^axa HsIoToB^flÀacb lrs ge^oro 6penua nyreM orecbrBauu Hg.nuruHefi À,peBecnHbr c 6oKoe. BogMoxuo, t{To cHaqa^a c rroMorgb}o .4,epeBflHubrxK^uHbeB orKa^brBa^n g,peBecIIHy KpynHbrMl,r KycKaMrz, a 3aTeM yiKe
TOnOpOl,r oKoHqaTe^bHo oTecbrBa^n
n^axy. HsroroeaeHrreM pas^Hr{Hbrx .4epeBrHHbrx npeÀ,MeroB BaHnMa^I{cb He peMecÀeHHnKH, Bbrpa6arbrBaBuue npog,yKgnlo Ha rrrupoKr{â xpyr norpedràTe^efi, a Macrepa,
o6cayxneanurue
cBoe co6creenHoe
xocqùcrso
HÀE 6^Hlfiafirullx
cBol{x copog,aqefi. IloaroMy oHH crapa^rTcb rr HMe^H BosMorr{Hocrb .4^t Ka?I(goro HBÀe^Ha no46vparb coorBercrByrorgyro qacrb À,epeBa c raKHM pacqeroM, .Ito6rr ecrecrBeunar QopMa .4,epeBanprr MHHHMaarsoË Barpare rpyÀ,a npeBpaIga^acb B roroBoe lrsg,e^ne. Tar cÂe^aua pyKo.arb ronopa rpa6ate:r,eri (ta6,t. lV,l), o6a rpvra, Bce K.Àr4rrbq[r Ko^b,q l.r gp. 3tr.rrr.rÀ,ocrrîra^acb, KpoMe Toro, n npoquocrb tiaÀ,eaafi. Merrxue ntsl,etufl,, usroroB^tBrrr[ect cepw.rrMlr (yg.4eqHnre 6taxw, [a^oqKv À,^r rgr4roB r.r Àp.), À,e^a^r{cb r4s pasge^eHuoro Ha rlacrl,r îo^croro crBo^a. 1.n, 6t sx, HanpaMep, Kycon crBo^a g?IaMerpoM cru pacrarrbrBa^cr
HecKo^bKo 6orce 20-22
Ha Me^Kue 6aKlaurxa,
rt Bbrpeoa^I{cb BareM 6l.sxu co cKy^bflrypubrMu
a:o6paxenuarr,ru.
r{s Koropbrx Bu6op
ëpeBecl'tHbr onpeÀ,e^.fl^cfi xapaKTepoM tlsroroB^.aeMbrx r,rs Hero r,rs4e^nfi. Bce .racra Moru-(buoro coopyrKeHrrt L Kpynnbre npefl,Merbr, KaK spMo, ap6a, ^onara, Kô^b.r r{ .4,p. cge^aHbr LrB ^ptcrBeHnrrgu, Vz eÀrT cgeÀanbr pyKoflTb roflopa !r vtsLe^vfl. (6tsxu, ,q,epeBlaunbreÀ,ylnKLt À,eBrrrr ceÂ,e^. Bce peeuore +ilrypubre IIpOHLISKLI, 3aCTelKKA, a
TaK?Ke HOà{Ka CTOÀ!IKa, na^OqKIl À^fl IgI4TOB, no,4yruKa 14 Ep,\ .4,eÀaÀucbas Ke,4pa, ÀpeBecr.rHaKoroporo_ rB^Âercs o.4HHM r{B ^yqutux MarepllaÀoB 4,ta pesr6nr. I.lntepecuo orMerr.trb, qro npeg,Merbr Kpyr'^ble B ceqeHau (narrovnn, npoHH3Ku, r{erKoBsÀ,Hnre6aaurnu) Bblpesaubl HorKoM.
Taxxe
H
HorKKa cro^r,rKa (ra6a.
xapaKTepnbre oco6engocrr.r roqeuoro
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7),
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Ha crauKe vz&el.vfl., O.IeeuÀ,rro, nagbrpbrK-
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Marepua^br, npe?fiAc
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ranrepnr rr rpynoB
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ara 6rrlatr
Ba6^aroBpeMeHno 6o,trruriMH KycKaMu. flpr,r coopytKeHr.ru KypraHa
/{peBecHHa 6epelrr He Hcno^b3oBa^acb, a Ha floKpr,rrr.re MorvÀbr ynotpe6rreHa 6epecra, cHÂTa co MHorHx ,q,ecflTKoBcrBo^oB. Bu.4,nnro, 6epecra r{ ^r4crBeHunr{Haq Kopa 6rrrru 4la nasbrpbrncKoro nÀeMeHr,ro6uqnum KpoBe^bHbIM Marep[a. ^oM B ero crporzreannoË TexHr.rne. Coeeprueiruo HoBo À,ÀJr Hac ucno^bsoBauue 'raK?I{e B KarrecrBe KpoBe^bHoro Marepza^a cre6rrefi KypLrÀbcKoro qar (Poten' tiila
fruticosa
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B co'{e-
47
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TaHIII{ c 6cpecrofi I{ ÀHcrBeHnaunofi nopofi. Tan me HoBbrM, rre lr3BccrnbrM }rr'l y oÀHoro [I3 coBpeMeHHbIx Hapor'toB, .sB^.flercfl Hcno^bgoBaHlae B KaqecrBe o6ÀHgoBoqnoro Marepr{a^a ÀÀtr À,epeBsHnbrx zs4eaufi ToHKofi Ko}r{rrgbr Mo^oÀ,brx 6epeaon. Ha Bolpacra
8-10-,terHux
6epeeKax c yqacrKa MoÀoÀoro crBo^a rpex^erHero
cpeSa^acb no cnupa^H ysKar
Koxrugbr. Tanvnra no^ocKaMu no 2-4 oKÀeena Bc Hapy?ItHar noBepxnocrb
noÀocna 6,recrtrgefi
xcearo-xopnuuenofi
cna urupnuofi u 30-45 cu gauHofi 6rrrra Ko^o.4br, Ha qro nona4o6nrrocb orbrcKarb
oxo,to 500 6epeson noÀ,xoÀ,fllgero Bospacra rî KarrecrBa. Taxofi oKÀeeHbr oKpyrÀÉ,re pe6pa ra HoàrKe cro,\HKa (ra6rr. lV, 7).
?re Koàrnuefi
HI,r oÀ,I.tB elge r4g uccÀe.4oBannbrx paHee gpeBHHx naMrrur{KoB
He .4,aBa^ n paaHoo6pagHoro MarepHa^a no Hcno^b3oBaHr{ro a rexHI,IKe Marepga^oB ?KktBorHoro nponcxolr.4eurza, xarofi no^yrreH pacKo[KaMg
TaKoro o6H.trgoro o6pa6ornn
fïaaupuxcnoro
KypraHa. O6rscHrrercx DTo He ro^bKo npexpacnofi coxrraHHOCTbIOKO?fiaHbrX,MeXOBbIX,UepcTsl{brx r{ À,pyrEx npe4MeToB, Ho H TeM, rrTo B naSbtpblKcKoM [^eMeHLr, C ero cnegllaÀr{3r{poBarrHblM cKoToBo.4qecrr,rnaxoegËCTROM, qpesBbrqaËHo ruapoKo n noÀHo ncno.^b3oBa^I,Icb Bce npoÀyKTbl cKoToBoÀ,crBa !r oxorbr. To, qro y BeM^e.4,e^bt{ecKr.rx nÀeMeH ll3roroBÀs^ocb HB pa3^nqHblx pacTltTe^bHbrx MaTepHaÀoB, KoIIeBHIiKII-CKOTOBOT4bI geÀaÀU U3 KO}KI4, Mexa, Bo^oca, ruepcrn, cyxoxnaufi. Konra pasnblx BI{ÀoB .z[oMaIIIHHxrr lrw,<wx?KHBorHbIx, pa3^urrublMu cnoco6avw o6pa6oranHa.fl, rrpuMetr.fi.\acb À^s caMbrx paeaoo6pasHbrx H3Àe^ufi. Torrrxo IIo Haxo4KaM o,4Horo fÏaarrrpuncnoro cnoco6os
l,rcno^bgoBanllr
KypraHa
Kolnrl. I4s Koxn
MorI{Ho Ba.qerb 16 pasauvnrrx
E3roroBÀr^I{cb
pag^r.rrrHbre peMHrr,
I-rJIrÀIlCbMtIKHe npegMeTbr, KaK no/{yrxKr4 ceÀ,e^, r,r BbrBopoTHbrM ruBoM TBep.4bIe (pnrypnr,re npe.4Merbr, KaK pora Macxn (ra6.n. XXIII). I4c ror\croË KoIKH Bbrpe-
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Koxa
6rr,,ra rrrapoKo zcno,\baoBarbcs rrpn r{groroB^eunlr ,4o^xua pasauuuofi ogerl{g,bl, nocy.4,t'I, ÀovanrHeË yrBapr4 ri xocxficreeHHoro ràHBeHTaps. Bego He Ha HgForoB^el-rr{r{ poroB ÀÀ,c MacKû 6rr,ra oceoeHa, Ha[prrMep, BecbMa nbrcoKas rexHr{Ka lrruTbr Bbl;oporubrM rxBoM H3 ro.,rcrofi Koï{H Qnrypubrx npe.q,MeroB. O.resg.q.Ho,TaKLIMcnoco6ou ge^aÀr{cb paarravuofi eopMbr Ko}fianbre cocygbr. Hrte,t He Menee rrlr,rpoxoe n pasnoo6pa3Hoe [pItMeHeHLIe n 6rtry, no npn li3rorotsÀeHur{ cHapr}KeHr.rr g"ra norpe6eHHbrx B flaarrpure ,rorua4efi ynotpe6Àea, ecrecrrenuo, B MenbrrreM Ko^HqecrBe, qeM Korr{a. O.q,gano n grq,ecb MbI Mex
48 .t
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upuueueurae. L[e o6a
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.4r.rÀB 3anag,rrble Ii ceBepo-3ana,4,HblenpeÀ,fopr,x A,traa go g- cerosKl4, HaXO4l23 HecomHeuHo, B .q,peBnocrll rgeËcx K rory or Etrficna, s 240 xw o'r flasnrpolna. I{ HeKoTopblx Bo3Mo2KHo, orr 6rra nocto.flHublM o6arareaeu npegrOpZfi A,trag, pora Koropofo BeHqalor ro^oBy qyÀotsI4lg (pvc. 26 r'()pHbrx Ào^r.rH. f,xefipau, Aaa'ray, rr ra6^. XIII ), R Hacrotlgee BpeMt Bog,I'Irc,a u f,xyHrapcnor,l Hax Aa'ran. Oxo'ra na ta6:aua, a B À,peBgocru Mor 6rtrr, H B creflHblx ,4,o^IT yKpauteH o\rlT krz KoHcKIlx y69pon (pnc. 2l), uso6paxeuueM K^brKoB Koroporo Haxo,4KaMnero KÀbIKoB r norpe6eHuflx pâHHHX I(oqeBI{It:]âcrjr.rÂeTeÀbcTBoBaHa 2a ros Aarag. npeÀ,cTaB^eHbr BLrÀ,branepefi, oxol'a tlll XapaxrepHo, r{To B nso6paxeuuflx qacro Ko1opblx tpe$oeaaa or oxorr{nKa ripoÂB^eu?rfl cn^bt, ^oBKocrI{ I'I orBarH H * 9T(' Ka6aH u ^ocb 6rraa conpt?I{eHa c o[acgocrblo il7.fr ]KII3HI'I' Tnrp, -$b1aKTITBH6 o$opog.ffl9lg[Iegfl sBepu, a .4,à{efipag, ap1.a^u 11 ropgblË Ko3s1 cTpbre B 6ere uo CTe11qML Hei4oCTynHbIMropHbIM KpyqaM. Srra leepr-r 3aH.a^lt oco6oe MecTo Il MI,IpoBog3peHI4I{paHHHx Koi{eBHIiKoB Aar:aa, BIr.4,llMo' llo"roMy' rrro oxora Ha HLIX 6oIaa csoero pog,a BoeHHo-cnoPTPIBHbIM3aHflTHeM, I{M€BIIJI4ÀI ()tpoMnoe 3HarIeHIreB geÀe BoeHHofi noÀloToBKa n^eMeHI,I' a TaKlKe B cHa6?KcItnlI cKoToBo.4,qecKofoxosffficTBa À,onoÀHn're^bltblMll sanacaM14Mfica, Mexa V ilpyfr{x [po.4,yKToB oxoTbl. KypraHe rrpeÀ,Meros, r.rsroToB^eHr,rprnorpe6eHHbrx e flalrrpuncrolr flpr MEI 3HaeM gecoMgel{Ho, npllMeHeHbI H MaTepûa^br. .4,06bITbIeoxoTofi. flora Ko^pa3HbIMI{ yBllÆp[M qTO Hux{e' KaK LISTOToB^eHHbIe, ceg,e^, Bce rq,ectTb îO^bKO, ^eKTrrBaMn, Ha6HTbI l[epcTbro ceBepHoro o^eHt, KoTopblfi H cefi'lac elge Bo.4,lITct 25 u 6rtrr, oqesu.q,so, B npe,4,eÀax Bocroqgoro Arrras, e 100 xlr or flasbrpbrKa, npOMbIC^a' OXOTHHTIbeTO ,{:\â IIâBbrpbtKCKOro [^eMeH[I o6rerCrOu nOCTO.SHHOTO Rpt.4 ^II r{3 Mexa Koroporo crlllrbl no.4yrreqKa Ir Q^tra (ra6,t. XXIV)' Mor 6brTb Ào6bl.IeË oxoTHuKoB nasblpbrKcKolo n^eMeHIi. Her ocgoeaHnfi gyMaTb, trTo r{ B ApeBHocTLI oH Mor BoÀ,llTbcfl Ha A^Tae H^u rÀe'^t't6o no6^u3ocTg. Mex fenapa,
Bepottuo' Hg onepb, ÀocTaB^eHbI na Aataii, IIMerb sHaTH MoI^n 41fl cBoefi Cpeggefi AeHrà. flpe4ctanure^u .TLrna I(aKIIM oxoTbl BOeHHO-CnOp'I'ITBHOI.O ilO^yqeHHoe lt3Â,a^eKa ÀoBqee ?KI'IBOTHOe, fenap,4,a, a Mo?I{eT 6rt'ro n .xnsofi
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I{HX peMerxKax 6^rxn-Ha^o6HuKa.
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Kpen^elglfifr c ncaÀI,I.8MlI, B I(OTOpbIX npog,e^aHo g,^t STOIO IlO À'Ba peMegb 3aBfsblBa^cx Ha 3aoTBepcTlrr no cTopogaM Ko^bga yÀ,H^. Ileqgblfi rbr^Ke KoHr (puc. 21), a noÂ6opoÀHr4K c ^eBofi cropogbr. Hnorg,a Kpen^eglrc HaÀ,Boe.gÀr
c noMolgbto KoItHqecKOfi npoHlrsKlr-sacrezl{Kl-I (puc. 20). aro npolrsBo4lt^ocb rrro u 6brroBbre ys.q,errrràrrMeÂIt rro npeuMylgecrBy y3.\oBoe Kpen^eBosMoxuo, HHe, TaK KaK r.I B IIOrpeoeHI,IffXOCHOBHbIXC,l.oeBHaCeJ\eHI,ItpOfOBbIe H^11 MeTa^^EqecKr.re sacTe?KKI,lHaxog,tTc.s cpaBHHTe^bHo peÀKo. Onucausoe ycrporicrBo ysÀbl, cy,4,.fino Haxo.4,KaMrlacrefi y3À,bl B norpe6c' HWA:Xvr IIO r{3o6paà{eHlrtM, 6urro ilrnpoKo pacnpocTpaHeHo c v s. .4o H. e. flo Bcefi reppt'tTopl{lr creneË or J,ygafl Ào CeBepqoro Kvra.fi H npocylgecrRoBa^o n Mnuycunctaa BB. H. a. (A,lraË B HeKoropbrx Mecrax .4o VI-VII crerb ). Ce4ao oT^Irqaerct
Bcex coBpeMeHHbIxorcyrcrBueM crpeMflH u' caMoe fJ\aBHOe, 4epetstHHofi oclroBbl - ^eHq?IKa. oHo cocTollr Ir3 AByx Ha6srblx o^eHbeË uepcrbro Ko?KaHbrxûo4yrreK, npocrelaFiHbrx ro^crbIM rxepcr-âHblMixHy' portr (pnc. ï{efi
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i I i I'axyro no.qnpyry Mo?KHo 6rIao catgrl'IBarb H SaBf,3blBarb û noxanoù netleù. KaK c ,reeoii cropoHbr KoHs, TaK a c rrpaeofi. K no4npyre npHKpeII^eH ysKI4fi Harpygurrfi peMeub c {4,ByMflorBerB^eHI{flMIi, saBflgblBalolgrlMl{c.g ToHKHM peMeluKOM HaBepxy, Ha xo^Ke KoH-â, H nOÀi4eplKIiBarcIgHMZ HarpyAHsK Ha rpe6yeMoË BbrcoTe. CsaÀ,Ir K norEyui(aM nplrKperl^eu npo4etrtfi qepes IIIhpoKI'Ie KoHnrIecKItc ûponrrsKn flo.4,xBocrHblfi penreuo, 4,ruHHttii, noMelgarcrguficq He Iro4 penzgeii xBocTa, a SHat{IiTe^bHo IiI,IzI(e,oKo^O KO^eHHOrOCyCTaBa,KaK eTO Xopoluo Bylil'to !-' Csa1n ?r{e, no cropoHaM uo.q,ylueK IroA,Beira so^orbrx 6aaxax Spnauraxa. llreHo IIo TpIr Kpyr^brx peMelr]Ka c KpacHbrMH Bo^oc.gHbIMI4KHCT'MII, BCTaB^eH" rrbrMH ts .q,epeBtHHble BopBopKIr" Bllecte c erkl Ml{ Haxo.4'HTcfl E rro o.4,HoMyc naxgoii c'ropohbl ce4^a rpnTopoquoMy peMeIIlKy c rpeMfl npope3auHbrMli nere^bKalll'l rr c ila^oqKofi-eac'rexKoû Ha Kouge. 3.4ecr à(e c [paBqfi cropoHbr y rpex ce4err 6ruri.r ltoÀ,tseueHbl Ignror (pac, 13). Cuusy ro.q, ce.q,^o rrOÀ^o?KeHnoTHr{K r.r3 IIeTo^cTOro MrlrKoro nofiaora, ûpilxBaqeHHotû r logyiur(aM B .4,llyx MecTax TeMH 2I(e peMeIIlKaMH, KOlOpbIe CKpen^trcT noAnpyfy. Crcpxy c€.{;\o rlonpbrro ruHKH}I Bofi^oKoM, yKpeIl^eHHbIM Ha^oà{eHHbIMI'tnoBepx Hero Ha rrepeÀHHxH 3aAHLIXKpa.flXno.q,yuieKÀepeBtHHbIMItÀyàrKaMfl, nPI{Rt3aHribrMll K IIo,4,yUKaMT0HKIIM peMelxKoNl. Ce4,ro na3brpbrKcKoro rgna 6or.ro uupgKo pacnpocrpaHeHo B a36arcKllx c'reu.flX. ()6 erOnr MOtKHo Cyg'LtTbno fl3o6pa?KenntM Ha ynoMsnyrblx y?Ke 3o^o' 'rbrx c1a6upcKux 6^.flxax I4 Ha .q,Byx $pouaosolx $rrsxax Hs Op4oca. ?" Oco6esstr c ueo6paxreHlleM BcagHI'IKoB nor4,ytrrKu' g,yïtK1r Ha creragble Bli.4,Hbr norHHK, orqer^utso no.rl ë,epeBoNr.3.q,ecr" ^Hlub lroKpblluKa cegÀ;r Hux u xapaKrepgoe Kpen^epl{e ilognpyrn, Orcytcreyer n narpy4gblfi peMHI{ oT^IIqaIoTct B HeKoIr 6,rsxu Ha peMgflx. flo4xnoclrufi 'i'ollblx A,eTa^nx. t{eprorurrotncrofi Ba3e' or^H' Cxvtpcnoe ceÀ^o, cyg,t no Llso6pat{en[ro Ha rra^ocb or cu6upcttux Tpanegl.reBuÀ,Hofi tpopnrofi noa,yrrreK, oTcyTcTBI'IeM lloÂ,-
o1'rieî^IiBo [r g,eTa^bHo noKa3aHo ceg,Ào Ha 6agxe
xBocrHHKa ?r peMgefi, rroÀ,.q,epl6gBaIoIgI4xHarpyA,HaK. 3ro ce4rro, 6o"tree npocToro ycTpoËctea, qeM cLI6HpCKr.1e,M9?KHO1rpOC^eg,1ITbir no rq,pyIHM MaTepI{a^aM cKa(pcKux KypraHoB. Etg" 6oaee npoctoro ycrpoËcrtsa ce4^o npeg,crats^eno H3o$parKeHrItMH Ha g,Byx npea,Merax AMy-.q,apbltHcKoro K^a.q,a"' na pyrcoa't'it Kyprauatlt' û HeKoTttNreqa r{ so.torofi o6K^a.4,Ke Hoir{eq ul 9eprouabtKcrolo -c Harpy.q,HI4KoM no4cTlc^Ka noKpbIBa^O ll^u 3ro He(o^bûIoe pbrMg r4pyruvU. uivr rpoKoM. VIs erux Tpex paccMorpeHublx TI,InoB ce4^a nasblpbrr(c6rîe .sBÀrro'rcr san6o,tee coBepûreuubrMli. B Ka'recrBe etge 6o.rtee coeepluenHoro Trrna ce4,^a, tB^Âtolgerocs nepexo4,HoË çoprraoft K cOBpeMeHHbIMTBepAbIN{ pr rro4npyrofi
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Cpyïuwu À,oM À^r nasblpblncKol'o n^eMenu 6rt,t ne eALtHcrBeHHoû çoprvrofi )Krr^urga 11, BeporrHo, He ocuoBHofi, ue nau6o,tee pacnpocrpaueuuofi. Vcrporîc'l'Bo B Moru^e geofiurrx creu, npocrpal{crBo MerxÀ,y KoropblMlr sano^Hello Mc^KriM KaMHeM, yKa3breaer Ha npaKTIrKy e 6nrry coopyrrennfi
c 6oaee ^erK?rMLt
creHaMII, 3arIo^HeHHbrulr x.axana-,trl6o pblx^LllM Marepl{a^oM. 3to 4eoËuuuu Mor^u 6rrrrr nprauurllBnble xult{Itnbr, nogo6uue Ma3aHKaM Te^eyr, creHbl Ko1'opbrx cÀe^aubr It3 g,Byx fl^erHefi H 3acblrlaubl BHyrpII eeN{r\eË,33 kr^Ll raKItM :'I(e ''t ?rçlr^KrgaM [ropgeB, Kbrsbr^bgeB n 6aurnr.rp. Ha,ru.rue B KoHcrpyKgr{[ Morr{^b}roro coopyâ{eunr 6aaon, yrBepx{g,euHbrx ua croa6ax, fl xapanTepHntfi npneu Hacru^a noro^KoB (nr,Ipauuznaune eepxueli noBepxHocTlà, a He HH2KHefi,xan 6rrt gto cÀeg,otsa^o ÀÀt noTo^Ka) ynaslteaet aa npaKTHKy coopyà{er{r4r{ Lracrr.r^oB, no.4,Htrbrx Ha4 seu,refi. 3'ro uoraz clpoËnn
rrirna aM6apoB rl^E xpaHrr^Hrg pasrroro
xosJrficrseHHofo
r(aKrre crpo.fl'r coBpeMeHHbre ruopgbr. Kporeaounrna Marepaa^oM g,^.â Bcex aTI,IX BrI.4,oBnocrpoen rrrrquarr Kopa u 6epecta. O4naxo
6ltrn
no-
ltMylgec'r'Bl,
6r'r,trl ancrgeH-
o KoHcl'pyKgI{LI KpbIIxI{ cyë,n'lb rpy4no.
Korr-
KypFaHa He Aalor. Ho o6prl(perHbrx ynaraunË Ha ero Haxo.4KIr llarolprrlrcnoro .,rEe ga6,[aroBpeMeHHo 3afoToB^eHHoii gtn uoKpbrrut Morn^bI Kopbr yKa3blBae'f [Ia IIIHpoKOe ee HCnO^b3OBaHIreA,\fl 2l{H/\fiIg 14, tsvt4l4Mo,Ile 'rOÀt'I(O À^t Kpblirlr' uo rr KaK ocHoBHoro Marepua^a 4,ra ycrpoËcrea ^erKLIX pa:6tiprtirlx H^ll nepe'fe rlocubrx )Krl^urg. Henu<-lrue lpeÀMerbi, rITo coxpal{lT^uci, n nclrpe6a,rrut-rii KaMepe, yKa3brBaror ua no.iesoii o6pal
xrneHr{ na3brpbrncKoro lr^eMenu. Otcyr'
ocraTKr{ naxnx-au6o HeilpHMeHHMbrx B KorleBorvr6rriry npe4ueroe. Saro r(aMepa y6pana eofir\oKoNl (onoao 20 lte. rr,r), e Hefi Haxogll^lrcb raK xapaKrepcrBylor
cocy.4,, Ho?KKa HIrgeubKoro cro^llxa, no4yruKa, uble À^t KoqeBHIrKoB y:rorop,rufi c^yi(rrBniag, 6rrrn Mo)r{er, r,.\A cvrÆeHb* flpounrre A,oMa c^eÀyer pacc.MarplrBa'rb KaK gIzMHne 2rn^ulga Ha Mecre 3ItMoBoK. Àeruuru 2tiH^LI[leM Bo BpeMq ûepcr(oqeBoK cÀynin^H, or{eBrtÀHo, ^erKne rrla^aluu, Kpbrrble 6epectofi, xoncefi, MexoM, BofinoxoN{. Ha nrecre 6o.tee Â,rnre^bublx ocrauoBoK Mor^n coopy}Karbcfl ocraB^reMbre Â,o c^egyrolgefo ro,q,a dorree npounbre IIJa^aurIr, Kpbrrble ^HcrtseHuuq' n^eMeHH I(pbITbIe nofirronon, rcoàçefi u^rl 6epecrofi noBosKH. KaK y cKHlpoB, MaccareroB Ir g,pyrtlx KoqeBHI{KoB nofi nopofi, Eurru
,ru e 6nrry [asblpblKcKoro
ApeBuocrlt, cKagarb rpy4Ho. 3ro naor",ro6utn :ururn B ToM c^yrrae, ec^u nyril r(oLIeBaHIrt flagblpbrncKoro n^eMeHIr BbrxoglrÀIi Aa^eno ga npege.\bl Boctoqnoro Arrtan 14 npeoÀ,o^eBa^Iicb xor 6or e ocHoeHofi ceoefi qacra c noMolqbro KoÀecHofo TpaHcnopTa. Koqesofi
o6paa xrasuu
Tpe6oBa^, q'ro6rr À,oMarxHt.fl yrBapb 6nt,ta rtopraÀ,aHr{ble o6 sroNt rl roBopflr'. I ia,,rnqnc
l'r-rnHofi, He6rrrcrgeficx. Bce nverorsr{cct
60
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Tccci, KoropbrMn o6pa6arb:Ra.{acb KoÀo1tâ, ,t À,o^or û qpe3Bbrqafisoe o6n,rue xyÀox(ecrBeHHbrx pesHbrx rr3Àe^nii yKa3brBarcT Ha pa3Bnryro rexHlrKy o6pa6orrn À,epeBa, Ha npaKTrrny asroroB^euna 4o.,r6aeubrx LrBÀ,e^Hfi,rpoge qaul, KopbIT II KO^OÀ,,r{ Me^KHX pesAHHbrX HO}ï{OMnpeÀMeToB, BpOÀe qalûeK, ^oir{eK H g,pyrllx. HeconrneHno, ynorpe6,,rx^acb LI 6epec'rauaa nocyga r{ yrBapb, nocKo^bKy nasblnpr4MeHr^o 6epecty B crpoure^buoM 4e^e I,I Kopy El.tr on,refixw ÀepeBrHubrx w.sgetuir. OcodeHHo lunpoKo ItoÀlfiHa 6rrrra npH*reHrrbcr Kox{aua.fi u MexoBar rrocy4a..v pasuat xossfictseHrrar yrBapb. flpercpacHofi pa6otnr MexoBarr apÀsra HaxoglT^acb nplr oAHoM a3 norpe6eHnrrx n Morz^e xosefi (ra6,r. XXIV). Pona o^en Ha MacKe (ra6,r. XXIII) rB^rrorcrr o6pasgo,r,r BecbMa coBgprrrennofi 'rexnaxu ulltrbt pl.rKcKoe nÀeMr
rxupoKo
Mo^oÀ,brx 6epeeor
QHrypHbrx KorxâHbrx nsgçe.nnË, nr,rpa6orannofi, oqeB!rÀHo, npI.I HgroroBÀennr,I ECeBO3MOIT{HbIX npeÀMeTOB rrpaKTIlqeCKOfO r{aSHaqeHltq, B nepByro oqepegb nocy4rr. Haxoneg, H r^r{Hrrra-s nocy,4a, ne ceo;ic'reeHHas coBpeMeHHbrMKoTIeBHLIKaNr, r.rMeerxapaKrepHyro À,^r HoqeBHnKoBcKuQcKoro BpeMeHu QopMy - y3KoropauË KyBrrrHH.Tanrre cocyJbr flpaKTr.rqrrbrB yc.\oBnllx Koqeeofi ?]iII3Hfi, TaK I(aK co&ep}fillMoc ux rle pacfi.\ecKl{BaeTcfl H He Cpa3y BlrlÀ[Baercfl nPH Onpo' I{I{4bIBaHHH,KpoMe rofo, oHH n 6o.tee npolrHbt.
Ifnranse ffocxo,tnry
ocHoBHbrM BH4,oM xos.rficrneHHofi 4earearuocrlr rra3blpbrKcKof() a 3eMie4e^fle, BHÀ,r{Mo, coBeplxerlHo orcy'rcrBo-
n^eMeHLt 6rr,ro cxoroBo4crBo,
Ba,to, ôcHoBoË nzragug À,o^?KHbi 6rr,ru 6r'rr:r ntlcHbre n Mo^orruble npoÀ.yKTbr, 'raK KaK, HecoMHeHHO,flO^yrra.eMbreoT oceÀ,Àbrx 3eM^eÀ,eÀbl[eBnpoÀ,yl(Tbr 3eM^ejl{'e^afl l{Mer\Ircb ^I{trb
B olpaHr.rqeHHoNr Ko^nrlecTBe (ecnolruuu,
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KOI{H npeÀ,CTâBHT€:\€fipOÀ,O-II^eNfeFrrC]Ë :narH neqeubr BepHoBbrMIrxopnaanau). Momno
He MOr^n 6nrrr' noauoctnrc o6ecflpe&no^ararb, trro ravussufi KyBIiluI.I
6br,t nocrae^eH B Morn,ry c KaKnM-To Mo^or{HbrMHarr[TKoM. flossouxu 6apaulr. Kar{ y?Ke orN{eqeno Bbr[re, yKa3brBaror, rrro paTyaÀbuofi nurgeii 6r,r,ra ecelga 6apaurua û qro ^yqiluM
Kycr{oM ee .ac^fl^cs Kypg,roK. C.reÀyer orMernrb,
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Tai( u 6e.4,Hnrx,tscerÀa HMerorcfl ^H[rb r^r{lr.sirbre KyBrrrlrnbr, oqesr,IÀHo, c HanLITi{aMr.r,L KypÀron 6apana, rJacro c np}l^\lt'arclteË qacrblo tyruri. Bc:nroàiHo, rlro B MorllÀax 6ntta u Apyras niltga B Àcpclurslroii, 6epecr:auofi a nonçanori nocyg,e, Ho He r\rrc!{ag.
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62
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Ma'l'cpfia,\a, HaLUr{r.ia^uct) rra noBepxHOcrb ltpyforo (ra6,r. v, l) n,rra tsbrpcJa^HCh 'pa3y Ha ?iByx KycKax pa3Horo Ma'r'epaa^a fl SareM qlHfypr,r, BblHyrr,rc H3 og,Horo KycKa, BlurrBa"\rrcblJ npope3br ,4p/roro (puc. 24, l, 2), utu, HaKoHeg, KoM6lrHr'rpoBa,rncr, o6a croco6a (puc. 24, j). Tanaa rexHhKa yKparxeHnff, oqeBH.4HO,IIpaKTLIKOBa^aCbn npH rlrrTrre oliex(À. Eo,ree rconrper'bre npe.ircraBÀeHlrn c6 ogexge, mraroi, r.r3 ù{exa, noàrir, eoir. ^oKa r{ rxanefi
4aror HaxoÀ,Ru e KaraHÀ,HHcKOÀ.{Kypr.aEe rr He1{ilBi-r0pacKolaHHoM Bropor\{ llasnrporncnolr. '8"*roonuo rex.Err!Ka o raga -
4eyx rlrnax coy?lirr.rr 4alor upeÀcraB,\e'r{e Haxo4r(r{ fla:uprrrrcroro Kyp" trrnTax n 6oesor.{ rieKaue. IUnru (ra6"r. X) c4eaaurr, BO3MOàsHo,cne, guaÀbHo À,ta norpe6eHrir, Ho, rrccoMHeHHo,repeÀaFor ocHoBHble oco6euuocta Hacrorqlero 6oenorc opy?Krrr. Kaixg,lrfi rgHr cocror{r uz 35 ÀepeBÂHHbrKna^orreK, cK[ie[^eHHbrx KycKo\r rouxcfi Komn, B Kol'opy]o oHtl ilpoÀerbr rrepe3 npopeSaHHbre orBepcrr'rrr, o6pa:va !repen,\e'r, uanoirrHuaror!rrri rr^ereH!l€i TKaHH. fronnguvonry, raxofi rgur lr:o6oaà{eH rr pvKa-\ BorrHoE Ha 3o.\ororr npe6ne r: KVpreHa coaoxa. cyaa no HaxogKe ocrarKoB JepeBr'Horo rgHra B Kapvup6,rype, rr.\eleHbre rtr'rrbr B Apnrenuu, a raKi{e rgHTbr po(co-\aH il ÀpeRltHX ref)MaH{.!erJ, O r(oropbrx coo6rgaro'r aHTHrtHbteaBTopbr, 6or.trv gnoro ycrpoficrea. Tan Kar( na3brpbrKcKr.rerlJETbl 6u"trl npnBr3anLrr r( ce,4^y A :r,axo1rlç:ltCr S toâ qac.rlr McI'H.Àbr,rÀ,e He 6rr,to *runaxoro gpyroro ooy?Klr.fl, MolI(Ho ÀyMarb, rITo oHn ynorr:e6ag,rnco
cpaBHHTeÀbHo peÀKo r.I Àeplxa^Hcb B pe3epBe ÀuLuL! na c,ryvafi pyrcclflarxsoro 6os. Eoeeofi qe*a,H Boccra'ats^r{Baercs no c^eÀaM ero ygapoB. t{epena Bcex
t\ecs.'ïv xoHefi npo6r{Tbr ocrpbrM opyÀ,HeM, Koropoe npn caa6r,rx yÀ,apax ocrâB'\,tÀo Ha xocrra ue6oÀbrllke KBa.4parHbre o.r.Beocrlrr{ pa3Hrrx pa3MepoB, a npH cH^bHbrx yëapax npo6rjea,,ro r(pyrrbre orBepcrHfl 4riaMerpoM e 18 Mra (puc.25). B o4rrora c,\yqae ocrpl{e opyrLtn, npo6ne r{epen, BoHslirocr, B rrpo.r'Boflo.\or]iHyIO CTeHKy qepenuofi ropo6xn rr ocraBH,\O BgaB^eHHOCTbOT pyKotrKtr oKoÀo BXOAHO|OOTBeOCTlt,I,qro I1o3Bo,\rT.\oonpeÂelr]Tb A^r.rHy 6oeeoË qacrpr opyÀHr, oKasaBrxyrocx paeuoË 9.7 c*c. Tarau o6paoorra,6oeeas qacrb opy4H' rrpeltcraB,rs,ra co6oli xpyranui creplnenb À,rlaMerpoM s 18 uu, g,ruuofi e 9.7 cla, saocroesnrlft Ha qerbrpe n.\ocKnx rpaHn. Tanre opyiti4fr Mbr 3rraeM. 3ro 6poHsoBbre r{eKaHbr, rxHpoKo pac[pocrpaHeHHbre s Mr.rnycuucKux creflgx, Ha A,rrac n e Kacaxcrâse.'15 frorpe6ennore r flaruprrKcKoM Kyprar{e Ko,qn, n.aK r! r{oH, Bo ijcex !,pyrtlx KyofaHax paHHaX'KOTJeBHHKOB, y6UrA 60eebrlr qeKaHOM.3r:o erge oÀ,Ho yKasaHHe Ha po.\b BepxoBofo KoHrr e ?Ku3Hr.ipaHH[rX KOTIeBHT{KOB. BCpXOTOi'rnonr, 6nl;r ocHonHrrrM6oeebrl,rcpeÀ,crrrol'rKorIeBHHKa,ri KoHb, conpoRo)nÀ,arorqrrfir,nep-
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B llasbrpbrKe KoHII r{Meror pasHbie Mernn rra yilax,
pa3ublc
:]IraKu co6crBeHHocrlr. Ec,la 6rrt oHH 6rrl^Ll co6crBeuHocrbro norpe6etluoro, r.c' (rr'taH 6rt Bce oguHaKL\Bo rroMerIeHbr, a MerKr.I Bo3MorKHblx npe2xIlax It^a,4.c^Ircnoco6oM yHHqro)KeHbr I.r.iw saMeHeHbI ÀpyrHMIl. O.4gaxo 3Tofo Her, H [Ia3rJrpbIKcKHxKoHefi c^e4yer cr{zrarb co6crBeHI{()c'l.r)i{) pa:|Hbrx B^ilÀe^bgeB, a He norpe6eHHofo B l(ypraHe ^Iigâ. 4eraÀirtlblù aHa,\rl i rJcex oco6eHHocrefi ceg,e^ u ygÀ,eqeKnorc.q3brBaer,qro oHI{ c/Je^aHbr cnegua^r,IIr) rJeB 6br^H 6u
xarnu-,ru6o
4^rr norpeoeHEt, He3az,o^ro À,o noxopoH, i,I .4e,^a/\ucb pa3HbIMH NIacTepaME I'I:! pasHbrx MaTepHa^oB. Her gnyx TaKRx ceÀe^, y KoTopblx 6lr,r.u 6u KaKtte-^Ha)o rtacTll, cÀe^aHHbre Ii3 oÀHofo H'roro 2i(e MaTepua^a u^II (]4rrrrM r.r TeM 2ïie clroco6oM. .{axe n rex c^yqatx, KorÀa Ha ÀByx ce4^âx t{Mclorcrl, IIanpuMep, ()ÀIt-
6t)
ç
traKoBbre rro apopMe 6a.sxlt, Molrruo Bli.4,erb, qro
oHLt c.4,e^aubl oco6uu À^Â qro TaK I{x KaK KoHIl, a Bce oqeBH,4Ho, x{acrepou. ceg,^â ConepueHHo Ka?K.q,oro 3ro, ero ceune. cHaprii{eHlre He nprruaÀ^e?Ka^H norpe6eHnony B KypraIIe vvv 'rHJltMo, 4apnr nor
flasrrpura
-
no.loBr,rHy rpurfiÀrr na6aro.4aeMoro qzc^a, flo^oBllHy 14.. Bpag au srr.r 3aKOHOMepHbrequc^a Morj\H noÀyqrrrbct nyreM ecTecTBeHHoro pocTa Ko^I{qecrBa po&oB B n^eMeHH. *Taxoc 'roqnoe onpe.q,e^euaerpyfln npeÀ,no^araer cosHa^rer
're^buoe lr nnauoMepnoe BMelrareÀbcrBo B ecrecrBeano co3Àartttr.riica nopngor nergefir. "t' Lllsec'ruo, rrro B flepfio.q, noesiroii geMoKparr.ra s ArraKe 6urro 'rcTbrpe nleMenr.r, Kaxrr4oe n^eMq coc?or;ro Lts rpex çparpnfi, a Ka)Kr4,a.ff Qparpns poÂ,or. Hs rpugqarrr no â,ecsrb (pparB Pnve 6u,ro rpll n^eMeHH, B Ka?r{.4,oM paË (rcypuft), cocroarglix rr3 Aecm'rl poÀoR Ka?T{Aaq.lloÀ,o6*roe )Tçeroqnoe {)rpe^ .4e^eH[e rpyrrfl ri3BecrHo H nAfl, HeKoropbrx nÀeMeHHbrxrr paHHeQeo.4a^bHbr)i o6paeonanrzfi [eurpa,rrHoii Acun. Tar soeHHo-Ae]roKparuqecxnËryHHcnnfi n.,reueusofi croro3 cocrot-\ u3 12 ,,nono,lesnfrr, - 6 gclcro.{Hrrx u 6 ganaÀHblx.'t' (e Kopee) ÀeÀI{^tlcb IlpegK[t yiiryp 'ra'<xe cocror^ri uz 12 ,rpogoB,r.nt Xanl t' na rpli (poga>)-B g,Byx 6uao-no 12 ,rxsaNecrB>, B TperbeM -54. Y 3arraÀ,HbrxrropoK e VII rrbrx <<noKo^ewufil,[ye,y
u. rr. a.ttlllu6o,ro-xason w rrtrrb ï{e 3anaÀHbrx -
6u,ro yupex.4eHo rrlrb Hyruu6u,
Bocrot{flpe.q,Bog,areÀfiMgTHx
,,norolegnfi>> :a,*vl afinaai
70
uoarer, ÀBa KoHr c MacKaMH B [epBoM KypraHe flaantprrlna npcgcraBrrre^bcrB)/IoT or ÀByx çpatpzfi na3brpbrKcKoro [^eMeHI4. Tor.4a eTopoiï KyprâH c 3axopoHeHlreM ceME r
crruTa'rb Morn^ofi @parpaapxa, a He rlÀeMennoro Bo?I{gt. KoHer{Ho, Bce BbIcKa3aHHbrenpeÀ,IloÀo]I{eHurl Hy}Kgalorct B rlpoBepKe LI yTot{ItcHul{ HoBbIMIi gofio^Hlire^bHbrMr.r Ha6^roÀ,enrr-ssïpT, Ha Koropbre Mo]Kr'{o paccquTblBarb c,re4oea,ro 6u
npu ga^bHeËunx
pacxonnax norpe6ensfi
n.relrenHofi :nar:u paunr.r)i (oqeÊtit{xoB
A,rrras. HecouHeHno,
qro ri B cKI,r(pcKHx KypraHax saxoponeHrrs xoueft orpaxao'r
e ce6e crpyKTypHoe AeÀeurae n^eMeH r.r, BoBMolr{Ho, n^eMennbrx corc)goB. 14 r'au ncrpe6ennux noHeii HaÀ,opaccMarpnBarb KaK gapbr or r^aB iroÀ,qauenubrxyMepnreny o6rgecrBeHnbrx no.4,pas,4e^enprfi. BeÀ,o HeBosMo)r(Ho .4onycruTr,. .{?oônt c yMepulrM
Mor^I,r noxopourrrb
r43 ero ra6ynoe
cpasy
ono,to 400 ,roura,Àeft, n
Tp'Ji\Ho o6rsclru'rr, cMbrcÀ taroË ateprenr. Ecrec"reenHee [peÀcratsr{Tl ce6e, narrplrMep, qro K MorH^e BepxoBHoro Bo?xgr u,\lr Bi)eHar{a^bHr{Kae xypraue Vrrocrcoro ay^a N9 1 1898 r. rpeÀcra.Brre.\u po.4oB nprRe-^lr xouefi no oÀËioùty or r(alHÀoro poÀa, Ir pa3\4ecrH.\H rr\ B crpororr iioptÀKe - KoHr'r À,ec'IrH Qpa'i'pfli.1 O.{,HOrO [^eMeHI{
peCnO.\ara.\llCb
Il.)
htriiiilvtO
CTOpollV
}rOftI.\bl,
+IeCSTII
rppaTpll;
J,pyroro nÀeMeHIl no ceBepH)'lo cropoHy; KoHrj cr BocelrHaÀuarli poÀoF: naxAofi Qparpun npnB.s3brBa.\lrcb K orÀe.\baor"i Konosa:a. PacnpeÀe^eHle xoneii roqHbiMn rpyflflanra ua6aro4aerc.s rl B Àpyrsx Kyprar{ax. Tax, e ogHoM H:] Ke.repMeccKlrx KypraHoB norpe6eurr ÀBe rpyrrnbr roaefi, uo 12 e naingofi, B p.pyloMrorKe À,Be rpyrrrbr no I ronefi a nax4ofi. B l{epror,rauide n B liyprarie K'.ree,\ norpe6eHo no rpr{ rpynrrbr noueË (4, 4 n 3}, Kaii{À,ar e orge,,rnnoË MoFH.\e. K
conta,tesptlo, Bce 6orati,te
grouuoe
cliizq)cl(ue KypraHbI pacl{afiblBa^I,Icb B gc]peBoÀ1o-
BpeMr 6ec À,ocrarorrHo Aera^bubrx
r,r roqui,rx ua6,rro71euufi. floeronay rracr?r KypraHoB He r\4oryr 6urr.
ë,aHHrrreo norpe6a,rrHonr o6pa4e 6orrrureii ucno^bSoBaHbr À,^Â perxerlHE paccrlraTprrBaeMofoBorrpoca,
Ha6,rrcÂ,aenrnrfi naurz n norpe6arrnuora o6px4e rrasbrpbrKcKoto n,reltenu oSrt,raii no4uoureHa.fl Rolr{Àro or no4BeÀuMcl'BeHHbr\ eM}' po1lôre 6orai'lr.: .4apol npeÂrro^araer
Frâ^nque no.q,o6srrx x{e orr{ouleul.rir u e 4eficraurerrnnofi xugnu n^eMeHI{. Cgcrenaa rTpeëcrallÀenlis pa3^LIr{Hbrx Ma'repua^rrubrx {Jeuuocreir r,taBaMu Me^KIrx o6rgecteeHrrbrxnogpa34e-teHltfi B lro:\b3] r,lae 6oaee Kpynubrx noÀ,pa:gerreuufi, 6rrrr r*1
HanpI-IMep poÀoRÀaAbrKaMrr rr^eMeHHbrM Bo,x{À,gm, ,4o^niHa 6t'l,\a HopuoË sxononaaqecKrlx orÉrorreuaii Melra,y nraccofi ocHoeubrx npor.i:Boglr-
te,teË n ,q,o^lKnocrlrbii\ta ,\HgaMrr B poÀe I{ n^eMeHrr. Tarag clicreMa c^v?rirlÀa I{croaIrJIrKoMo6oralgeuna r4,^r npeg,craenreaefi o6rgecreeuuoft e,\acra r{ sBÀrerc* o4nofi ri3 ocnoenblx npuquH orMeqenHoro HaMrr Bblrrre fiocroltuHoro correraHnt 6ora,rcr:sa u o6rgecrecHrro; e.^acrtr. i'axaa
czc'reMa .rB:r.fl€TCflo4uoË H3 (popM
sKCn^OaTagHI1TpyÀ4, TaK KaK geFiFlccTH,nepeAaBaeMbreMÀaÀ,lxaMHnpe4cTaBllTe^ffMH o6ruecisenuofi e,\acru crapuuM, 6or,ra s KoHeqHoM crrere npog,yKToM 'r'pyÀa ocrroBubrx npol3nognre.refi o6ur-ecrea. Bepoatrrci, 6u,tl.r u gpyrve rpopnrrr
7l
sKcrrÀoaTaqaa qy?Kolo 'rpyEA, TaK KaK I{pynIIbIe xostËcTBa 6oratrtx B^a4e^bgets cKol'a He Mol ^H co3.4,atsaTbcr{Û rlo44epx{LlBaTbcfl cz^aN'II'l çtryttoir ceMbii. IIpoHseoÀ,c,l.BeIlIlbie oTHouleHIT.fl B rlasbIpbtKcKoM n^eMeHLI xapaKTepI,t3y14rcr qacrgoâ co6crecxuoc'lbro uarpuap.{a^bHblx (eMefi I,r pastsHToii gKcn^oaragKefi TpyÀ,a ocHOBHbtx fipou3Bo.4,Hre,{efi- ptÀoBblx pa6oR - tr. B cBfrsv c s1'rIM LI iiccbMa 3Haqllre^bHofi
q^eHots poÀ,a II' BepoflTHo'
eronouuqecKofi À,uççepeqnax aTo cBOfiCTBeHHOBblcuefi cTyneHI{ BapeapcTBa, erge lro^HocTbro c{)xpaHr,,1rr(r,lrp()iililrc ÔopMbr nepBo6blTHo-ootgHHHofo cTpo8. Ha sro yrasbrBaer ri norpe6a.\brrbrii o6pflg, e flaartpr,lxe. floxoponbl n^eMeII!!4alJveï4 o6tgec'rua.
Ho,
rroro Bo)KÀfi 6nrrrir xpynHbrM cof)bll'ueM B ltçrr:lrrr lr^eMeHH. B gepenionnw rrpktnvl' Ma^o yqacl'ûe Bce n-ÀeM.q.VIorH,la co{Jpyxa^acb CII^aMn BCeXyqacTHI,IKoBnoxo' poH, naK aro 6u,ro tr y cKIr(poB,Koropble, no coo6rleHl'Ilo fepoÀ,ora, Bo3tT Tpyn cBoefo <(gapff) rlo BceM rroABIacTIiblN{eMy [;\eMeHâMr a 3aTeM' co6paBullcb Ha Morn;re, <"r; Tana'r cn^oqeHHocTb [IeN4eHII BOSMO]r{r{aTO^bKO B yC^OBI,I'X BOeHHo-,q,eMoKpaTI,IqecKoIo c'rpor, KorÀa focnoÀcTBoBaJ\u erge nepno6blrHo-o6lgl,IHHble nopJta,KI'I.
Hao6paauteÀbrroe
ncryccrBo
n MlrlloBosspenlae
l4so6paanre^bHoe EcKyCCTBopapqltx KoqeBHItKoB,B TdM qgc^e n KOqeBHnKoR A^Tat, ÀaBHO H3BecrHo Bo MHolKec'rre riacro npeKpacHblx xyi4,ox(ecrBeHI'I^n UrrrXo6paegoB, BbInO^HeHHbIXIJ CBoeo6pa3Ho)\I,TaK Ha3bIBaeMOMCKI,IQCKOM Kypraua p:icKonoK llaauplmcxor.o crgte. Ho 3BepgHoil{ cKnço-or6fipcKoM À,o Mbr He 3Ha^I4 elge HE oÀ,Horc naMtTHHKa, xorrlpuli
4al
6lt TaKOe MHOifieCTBO
H pasgoo$paslIe xyÀo)KecrBeggblx n3o6pa?fieHgù. 3aecn B oÀ,HoM norpe6egl u npe4cTaB^eubr o6pasbr oLIrHHa.4gaTIzpa3Hbtx 3Bepeii H QaHTacTuqecKrlx qyÀollrllg B COpoKa I]'TII BapLaHTax Ha AByXCTaX UJecTLt6,nRXax, aIInÀIIKagr4.fiX It Ip]rrlx ri3Àe^urlx. Bce sto Bbr[o^Hexo pa3HbrMH TexHltqecKnMa npnen4aMn tt ii3 pa3Hbrx MaTepua^oB. Kpyr"tan cKyIbIITypa, 6ape,rneç, cllÀysTHble I{ no^EXPoMrrbre n^ocKl{e plrcygKn Bblpe3agbI, culiTbI H^lI cK.\eeHbI II3 ÂepeRa, Boii^oKa, r(otl{H c Hcno^bgoBaHlreNrgBeTHbIx Bofi^oKa, MeXa, KolKLI, HItToK I't Bo^oca' ÀI1c-ToBoro goÀoTa K o^oBa, MI{HepaÀbHbIXKpacoK. Bce aro B caMblx pa3uoo6pa3Hrrtx cor{eTagfi.flX, pa3Hblx pa3vlepoB -_ oT q)HrypoK Be^nqliHofi n 5 clr 4o (,1'poMHbtx14:ro6pali{eHllù6oaec \lc1'pa À,.\HHofi. Bnepnore .4^rt HcKyccrBa paHHITx KoqeBHnKoB TaK no^H() MHorI'IMI-lo6pa3-
-:\
uaMI,I reoMerpur{ecKHx H pacrHTe^bHbrx y3opoB npeJ,craBÀeHo ts fla3bIpbIKcKoM KypraHe H qlicro opHaMeHTa^bHoe HcKyccTBo. HapfiAy c clozKeTaNII'I3BeprlHor() HCKyCCTBenaSbIpbIKCKOtOn^eMeHH BI'IÀHOeMeCTOIIp?IcrEÀfi B À,eRoparLIBHoM HaÂ,^ex(a^o y3opaM feoMeTpHqecKI4Mt4 pacTzTe^bHbIM. IlprruoanrrcfiHbre reoMeTpuqecKlle ysopbl npe.qcraB^eHbl ilpocrcfirt-InMIr QopMaMn R BHÀe prrÀa paBHo[BeTrI6IX'rpeyro^bHblx q]cc'roHoe (puc.28, l) Ha ]]ofi-
72
_--
P rr c. / -
xaùua
28.
flpxrro-runeiixbre
Êac1(rnor(' sojiror:a: J -
leolterpaqecKHe
cprraveHTbi,
o r J 6 , , p _ a. t 3 . ( l * * , , r " t U , r q x x ) ; J ,uxr To xe, \ooPa .\9 /. t
ro xt,
r6opa .\è4;
^oKe, yKparrjaBrrreMcTeHbr KaMepbr, H cepHri 3ur3aroB nÀH KoHgeHTpHqecKHpacIlo^(,ziicHHbrxpoM6oB (pnc. 28, 2-4) m ÀepeBtuublx rgnrax. CDoplror y3opol Ha rgr.rrax o6ycÀoBieHbr rexHHKofi I{x Bbrno^HeHnfl. OHr.r [o^ytreHbr nyTeM npoEgilitts,I.'frrq,epcBllHrrbrxfia^orreK B cooTBercTBylorgltM o6pâ3or,1 pacno^o?KeHHr)rc ilpope3r{ B Kycr{e Ko}l(u, KoTopafl c^yxnÀâ ocHoBo; rgnTa. EbrTb Mo2KeT,u3 Tar(()ii 'iexHHKrr pa3Bn.{acb Bnoc^eÀcrBliû 'rexHrrKa rrBroroB^eHIrff coBpeMeHHblx : i l l p i h J C K u x t { K a 3 a x c K I . r xq u e B ( g b r H o B o i ( ) , r r K o r o p b r x K O } K a 3 a M e H e H ag B c ' f rrbrMr.IHr.tr(aMH, a /'iepeBgHHbrena^oqKn on,Î. @ecroHHbrfi y3op rra R(ifi^()Ke,HecoMHcrJHo,cB.rI:]aHreHerl-IqecKptc noÀo6HbrNrureoMerpprqecKuMHo[)HâMeHl]aMDsrtoxil 6poH3br !r, Br{g,fiMo,6rrrÀ rur.rpoKo pacnpocTpaHeH y pailr{ux rior{eBHliKots.B uecroarrxiix c^yqasx oi{ nprTMeHeHHâ 3oÀo'r'brxr434e-\utx cr46hp. cr(oË Ko^^eKgull nerpa
I s rexHlrKe lrHKpycTagau.
Paeuoo6pa:Hee KpaBo^nHefiHbre reoMerpnqecKltc opHaMeHTbr. OHu npeÀc'r'aB^eHbr psrI,aMn Bo^ro'r, o6pa3yrcrIHX prrcyHoK 'r aK HasbrBaeMori <6eryrgcir rro^Hbr) (pwc.29, 5-7), u^u pacno^orteHHbrx flonapHo, nporr,rBoflocraB^eHHbrx (puc. 29, 1-"4). PagHL,recoqeraHl4q raKux Bo^ror c HeKoropblMrl
/tpyr Àpyry
o6pa3yior cBoeo6pa3Hbreysopbr. v ara rpynna y3opoB cBfl3aHa Lori(),\HeHr.rÂMB c oprraMeHraMrr snoxu fipousor. flapnr eo,rrcT pacnpocTpaHeHbr B yKpaixeHnlt a6 Tar
73
^ (>i
irrit, ,ii"f
/0 P tc.
I -
pelrenb ccÀIa 1, 5,7 - Koxanile
uo4uoctuufi
J'&I& 4 u 9;
ccaea
J\! 4;
2 9 . O p n a n r e n r u r . r sp s 4 o B B o ^ r o r . ? *
g,epeaqH{aq
âfln^rKagur i\è.}'{! 9 n 8:
ta 9 -
nepeÀ(ax
6atxa
ce,4la
ce.4er
aflrrÂr(aûûr
Nè 8;
J\bJ\! 6,'1,7;
sacrcnuoro
ys.4eqe{ 3, 6 -- 6Àrru-pa3on-\Kr 8, /1'} - ro xc, sa rrorcpbrt(ax
Bofi^o(a.
Ceoeo6paeubre y3opbr B BH.4eprÀ,a Bo^ror, He cBtsarnux
o4uofi HenpepbrB-
i:î1'li::?":ïïtï:ï;Hîïiî:.'î:i::::1îîî:ffi ::iî:î:ï):ï:i; orë,e^bnble g,era^I4 B Qnrypax :repefi aao6paxaaucb raK?r{e Bo^roraMn. flpu arrpesanrzu aoaroroo6pasHbrx y3opoB ris Kolr{u (aepoxrno, n Hs Mexa, go^ora rr Ap.) no^yrla^Hcb ocrarKn Marepga^a B BHÀ,e ran?Ke Bo^K)Too6paaHux QErypoK. Tarue lpHrypKH, BHg,HMo, ne 6poca,rncb, a yrrorpe6rrs,rurcn g^t cocraB^ennff HoBbIx ysopoB r.t o6paaoeuBa^I{ 3areM HoBbre caMocrorre^bHbIe OpHaMeHTa^bHbIeMOTI'IBbI,nperq,CTaB^eHHbre, HanpI,IMep, Ha poroBbrx H 3oÀoTbIx I,IsÀe^I{.ax B KypraHe e Illa6e. " B ilaarrpbrKcr{oM Kyprane raKHM y3opoM Hcno^Heua 6opo4a apra^I4 B crn^LtsoBaHHorrr vso6paz$eur4u ero ro^oBbr (cpaenrr
pnc.29,5n29,10). Tperrrc rpyflny ysopoB cocraB^.srcT pacrr4reÀbubre opHaMeuTbrr sâlrMcrBo. tsanuble, KaK orMeqeuo Bbrrue, ue Vpaua, Ho HacroÀbKo nepepa6orauHbre B crr.r^e MecrHoro HcKyccrBa, qro ts HEx c rpyÀ,oM ysHarorct o6trqHue QopMbr ^oToca . r'.)
n naÀbMerKll. Texnura
BbIpesaHLIt cn^yarHbrx y3opoB rza Kon{a il a?nypHblx 6apemeQon It3 r4epeBa npuBe^a K ynporseHHrrna o6o6rgeHnbrM +opMarvr. B Heno. ropbtx c^yqa.ax (psc. 30, | _4) erye rq,oBo^buo orqer^r.rBo pas^Hqaercx QopMa gBeTKa, Ho I,I 3À,ecb 3arHyTble qaUIeiLICTtIKn 3aKaHqI,IBarcTCfiBO^rOTaMrr, a ^e^ /4
r-recrnu uMeror oKpyr^bre oqepraarln. B 6orree ynporgeuubrx QopMax ocraerct ^urub uapa oreepHyrbrx B cropoubr Bo^ror r.rMe?r{À,y Hr.rMr.r Kpyr(or (pzc. 30,6,7) H^r{ napa ocTpbrx qaue^rTcTr.rKoB, a Me2KÀ,y HtrMHapoqKa (pnc. 30, 5, 10). Ecrt ii Àpyrne ceoeodpaeurre(popMbrna^bMeroK (puc.30, ll). B eopnaena^bMeroK Hcllo^s.srorc.a r{ HeKoropbre g,era^n 3ooMopQHbrr H aHTponoMopeHbrxeHryp ( p u . c .3 0 , l 7 - / 9 ) . CoeepurenHo ceoeo6paannrM.aBÀterc.EopHaMeHTHa Ko2r(aubrxrrsg,e^nflx, lrbrrro^HeHHbrx nyTeM Br'rpe3anrr.fl B KolKe npocrefiruux QfifypoK B BtrÀ,e npei4cTaBÀeuubrx Ha pac. 31, 1-lB. Pa.sr\u.rnrrlrr4correraur.r.aMr.r raKHX enrypoK yKpauenbr ur-errHbre ^onacru, 'ytnpril pora Ha MacKec poraMr,roaeua (puc. 31,20-22), 'far
w f'f f f i 7 , , 0q
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FR.rÈ/tb
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q
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- '(Ja\Bocr.rrbre peÀ!ûr ce3er )l!.1\! 3, 1, 6, 8, 9, i; 1{) " At'PcBIEFhit 6.\txtt ctJer\ J\e,r'& 7, 3, 7; tl, 12, 13, 16 -- Koriailbre arrririlKa1jsH lepeÀrioB crÀer .\!JVr 4, 9, 3,8; 17 - Harpygdoe vrpaueÈue celaa J \ - h5 ; / 8 - ! ( , À e e î r o c e g r a J \ ! ? ; /9 - rro.4.EecÀa ec.qra Jii, (). veÀelltK
-lli]\i' 5, 7, 3;
1, 5, 6, 7, /,1, 7-t
/J
t'
(, noMeIgeHHbIe Ha BbrpesaHHbrx qecKllx,
o qeM ylfie
Han$oaee uc6yccTBa qyÀoBgrg.
Ha
Bo;^oKa
nepeuii
cIolKeTaMI'I geKopaTItBHOro
u pacnpocTpaHeHHbIMI'I
v3o6palreHnf
3Bepefi
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3)' en()
o'r t43o6palKeHufi apra^r Apraar.r (ropHlrfi 6apau)
ysHaercr B ri3o6palKeHll.sx no Kpyro 3aKpyqeHr{brM pgraM, rrpLrKpbrBaIOuI,IMqacTb MopÂ,bl, u o6bI'IHo no xapaxTepuofi 6opoge, KOTOpat l4Hor.4,aKpafiHe rvnep6o^I{soBaHa: HaqHHaqcb oT noÀ,6opo.q',Ka'oru6aer por n BaKaHrrr4Baerc-rHa a6y (pHc. 29, 10). l4ao6parxarracb ro^oBa aPra^lt (psc. 34 LI ra6^. IX), uuoraa c oAHoË I'IÀn g'ByMn napaMr uor (ta6a' XX, 2 u*r no^Hat Ql4rypa cnaqylgero 3Bep (ta6r.,' lX,2) a rarxe ra-XXI,2), B cgene 6opr,6r'I (pwc. 35).
ÉF P n c. 31 . Koxanrre (rrortcpa
76
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/9 çopnm upopeacù; troÀocrb tr naPyàiHat croPoga /--l,9
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rrs rpope3rrbrx rpocreiillûx y3Àbr Ne 70; Mac(tr; 23 -
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(arrraficxufi
Bx.q, 6ÀaropoÀHoro o^eHfl) npe4crae,reu rro^lrbrMr,r r{3oc xapaKTepHbIMLr poraMu, orpocrKr.r Koropbrx HanpaB^eHbr BlepeÀ o'r' ocHoBHoro crepxrH.n, H y3KoË Mop.4ofi (pwc.36 s ra6^. XlV, 3, 4). 6paxenuauu
Tarp, nro6pa)KeHnblfi B cgeHax 6opr6u, rroKasaH B TurrnqHbrx ,4^r 3roro xlIIu,HHKa floaax H c xapaKrepHbrM no^ocarbrM pr4cyuKoM ruepcra (puc. 35 v 36). B cxeMarfir{ecKtix I,IBo6pa2t{eHrlax Ha MacKax y3Haercg ^Hrrrb no fio^ocaroMy pHcylrKy urepcrH (ra6,t. XIII
u pHc. 38).
Borrx, u:eecrublË rro HecKo^bKIrM n3o6parrerrurM B gpyrax HaxoÀ,Kax, B n.r3bIpbIKCKoM KypraHe npe.4,cTaB^eH To^bKO A,ByM.s IrSO6paà{eHr.rfiMH,He Bno-^lrc o[peÀe^eHHo ycraHaB^r'rBaeMbrMr,r(ra6a. xx, 2). lrmuwaa MopÀ,a c ocrprirM HoCOM, noÂrIepKHyTbIM Bo^IoTooopa3HbIM gaBzTKOM, oTJ\l{qaeT ero OT Tlrfpa. .Èj
Irlno6paznena roÀbKo ro^oBa Bo^Ka, cxBarrlBrxal sy6aMn ro^oBy apra^u. Kpbr^arbrfi rnnp - cH6rlpcxaf, BapHaHT rpr,reoua - npe,4craB^fler
co6oË
77
t
lrylloBlrIIc c Ty^oBIlI!!eM lHrpa, ilTEqrrHMHxpbr.\bfl!trr, c rfrrrrq; rl^lr |pe6treM lta rIJce, .4^HHHbrMIt ylliaMH, pr]f aMu A]KefipaHa, oKaHqHBa]otgt7l'/lt4cfl.ilap]iKaMti lr cKyÀbnTypHbrx I,r3()6rJa'f(eHLIflxu Bo^roTaMg B rÀocr{nx, HHofÀa c op.1''tHbrM r { ^ } o B o M H n r n q b l r r . l o f l e p e i { n e N rH â r u e e ( p u c . 3 7 a ' r a 6 , r . X I i l ) . Kpr,r.rr,;r (ra6,l. XXIi, IrHorÀa orcyrcrByrot noÀBecKH n ce4,ty). Or,lû.{aercx or H cpeÀ,H3eMlroMopcxuxtbopM He ro^br{o c'rtr4^HcîI4rrecKI{, IJepeÀHea3HaTcKHX Ho H TcM, qro l43o6pa?fiaercâ c ry^oBllrqeh{ Tlrfpa, a }ie ^bBa. V rrcro ner ,rusr{rrofi rpHBr'r, xBocT À^r1HHrrrfi,paeuouepHo nylxucruir (pac. 37, utr,rfitt.n 'ra6,r. XIIi) -ueK (pnc. 29, B, 9), ri,r er,, rrBÀflerc.qcrvilr3oRauHrrnr [co6oa]Keul{eM flyrxlicrbrx 6ax rxrpa. Haauquc s llr,rioropbrx cÀyrrarx Ha KoHge xBocra yro,\rgeHul (pnc. 37, i) H,\n ro^or3l*t Àrnuuyro
rpnBy HaroMalraer LIHorÀa o6paureuse
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37, eepxn.),
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78
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l ) r c . 3 1 . I i o . l e e c r ac e r - r a \ ' : 8 . ii3rral'cKHN{o6pa3gaM. o6pa: 9ror, ts ocHoBe KoToporo .\er{trT caMblii noryqrr;i atz Cuîupu 3Bepb - rrrrp, npeÀcraB^.fler co6oii cMeuenue Mecrubr{ rpaÀugHii c nepeÀHea3IIaTCKI{$'IH,l'BoprlccKH Ilepepa6oTaHHbrMr{,CTll^?rCTr{qeCKI,r !t flo coÀep)KaHr.ilo,B cooTBeTcTBr4H C M14pOBO33peHUeM r.r xyÀ,oà{ecTBeHHOfi Ky^bTypofi KottcBbrx n^eMeH A,rras. MuçuveutuË
opea rpegcrats^rer
co6ofi rryÀoB!îrge B BuÀe xrdrgHofi flrrrgbr,
Bepo.ETr{o opr\a, c MoruHb:M fpe6HeM Ha rree 14 ,4,ÀHHHbrMtr3Bepr,IHbrMlryuaMl.t. fpe6eHo, Kpyro HaquHa-scby ,t6a, nuorg4 c oco6o BbrÀe^eunbrMBbrcoKLrMrreplubrM sy6goM, K cflHHe rrocrerreHHo rroulr?i{aercr. tr4:o6paxaercr ro^bKo ro^oBa lryltoBurga (ra6.t. Vl, 2 s XX, j, 4) .tnn ro.\Hafl ero lpurypa c pacrpocrcp, r b r M u K p L ' r À n a n a (u' r a 6 l . X I I , 1 , 2 u X X , / ) . fleryx npeÀ,craBÀeHuao6pameunffMH no^Hbrx euryp B repa^bÀsqecKofi KoMnoslzguri (puc. j2, 24) zm aepxHefi qacru re^a c ro,rosofi (ra6,r. XVII, -3). Xor.s sce qerbrpe nso6pameHat cn^rruo crHÀHsoBaHbI, B Hr,Ix MerKo cxBaqeubl rl Bbrpa3rTTe^bHo noKasaHbr xapaKTepHble qepTbr BHerrrHefo BEÀa fleTyxa coxi.rii xoporruii rpe6eHb, Kpyro o6prrearc4tnfica ceagu, rcoporrafi xaron, 6opoÀr{a, nnrusnrii slicoxnfi xBocr. Sror: xy4oxecrneusrrfi o6paa He flB^rerct 3aITMcrBoBaHFrbrM H3BHe, a co3gau Ha Mecre, e o6rgecree, Koropoe 3Ha^o neryxa qro or4e^bHbre à*rBbre Jr{3eM[^tpbr neryxa, KaK H rc-
B Harype. Boenoxno,
rf,
napÀa, rronaÀ,a^u uepe: Cpe4nuo A:ayc H Ha À,a^eKr4fiA,rrafi u, ranuu o6pa3OM, 3aUMCTBOBaHHbTM I,I3BHeC^eÀyeT CqnTaTb caMoro neTyxa, a ero xy4,o?KeçTgeuurrfi o6par neaaercs rrpoÀyKToM TBopqecrBa a^Taficrax n^eMen.
79
'ryrlo' Ptr6ouoÀcl6noe qyÀoBxrge ueridparxa^ocb BecbN{acxeMarltrtHo }J BHÀe ruop.l,ofi prI6u neOnpeÀ,e^ennoro BIIÀ,a.c cepUeË cITMMe'fpHqHo pacflo.4t)?KeHllblx r^aBHHKoB (pwc. 30, 19 u ra6l.. Xl, 2). qe^o' AurpouovOp4Hoe qyÀ,oButge npe,4cTaB^eHouso6paxeHltflMIT roÀoBbl 6opoÀ,ofi, Ho 6e3 ycoB, co sBepnHbIMH 2)' poraMlr yrraMlr, [oMeIgeHHbIMrlr Ha l.6y, t'r c .4,rreûpaHa (?) (ra6,t' XVII, pa3' yrparuenvt Bce nepeuuc^eHHble nso6pamenut nper4,Hasuaqa^Kcb .4,^Â BeKa,
noÀ,qepKHyro
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c
6HLI pacno^ox{eHbI opHaMeHTa^bHbIMIr paganau, o6paHapgÀy c TaKHMII rKe ysopaMl.t II3 reOMeTpITqecKI'IX!I
^r,rqubrx [peÀ,MeroB. 9acro
KpacnBble y3opbl, H3o6par6eHtrfi Bcelga cTporo rroÀ,qnpacTuTe^bHbrx opHaMeHToe. Kovno:Hggt HeHa (popMe npe4MeTa, yKpaIxeHI{eM KoToporo oHH tB^51roTcn. PaEu eToro' noBMecTo ge^oro 3Bepfi I'I^I'I r{yÀ,OBHlga, s306pa?Ka^vcb ro^bKo ero Brrrq,r,rMoMy, 3yt
À,Ba?I{À,bl ro^oBa, LIÀI,Iro^oBa c npgcTaB^eHHbIMLr K Hefi HoraMw. Palu CI-IMMeTpHH 3), vu@nuecKnfi opeÀ I'IaJ' noBTopr^ocb ry^oBr{rge o.4Horo aeepa (ra6,t. XIV, /). .{onycta.nucL' snaqureÀbc o.4Hofi Horofi nocpe.4nge (ra6^. XX, qacTo TaK HCKycHo' tITo BbI6LIpaIacL, HbIe acKaà{eHI,Is fiponopgr.rfi. fIo:a 3Bepfi coBepureHHo He rryBcrByercr cB.rsaHHocrn xy.4,orKHItKa onpeÀ,e^eHHofi qroprtaoir npeÀ,MeTa. Hecounenno, Bce Hso$pat6eHl,t.s 3Bepefi H qyÂoBl'tlg e flaantpuxcr
6paxa.lca
npoHBBe4eHKE .4eKopargBHoro r{cKyccrBa. O4sano Ha6^rcÀ'eHl,rgnoKa'
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xprraatblfi rurp 6operca c rnrpoM <(ta6'r. XIII)' It^H Tep3aer roKe (pHc. 37) u Àpyrl{e, Ouenrguo, qro Ii qy.4'oBwrga, v peaÀb' r{oro BH.4a 3BepH fBÀgIOTc;r oAHoË KaTeropuefi o6pa3oB. Bce ero sooMopQHble MI,rQvqecKHeo6pa3bl, Bepo.ÉTHo,Tex MI{QuqecKEx cytgecTB, KoTopble B npe.4'CTaB^cllugx pagHr{x KoqeBHHKoBo6^aÀa^}.r oco6brMu qy4oÀc;icrReHtlr'rMHcBoficrBa!,{H ^oc.E (plrc.36),
BceMIi co1brrufl.Mr4 B oKpyrKarol]Jcù'{qe^oBeKa Mlrpe. ' qro 3ooMopQHbre MI,Iq)pIqecKHecyrgecTBa npeÀ,c1aB^t^Hcb EcrecrsenHo,
It y[paB^s^I{
B o6paaax rex sBepefi, Koropbre nbrÀe^.flrorcr us npoqax KâKIIMI4.^I{6o oco6blMrl -.KpoBoll(aë,KaqecTBaMI,I.Turp rtlor 6ttro sottaolgclrlreM Mofyqefi CII^bI, Bo-\K
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geB, KoTopble pacupe,4e^ff^H BCeX cBoI'IX À'yxoB no srnM TpeM Boo6paÏtaeMblM qacTrM Mnpa. BosMo21go, qTo KpbrÀaTbrfi TLIrp H MHQI,IqeçKIIËope^ 6bIÀH o6nTaTeÀrMr.r He6a, pbr$onogo$Hoe r{yÀoBr,uge E npeg,cTaB^eHHblfi Ha 3O^OTbIx 6^t4e xax cn6gpcKofi Ko^leKgn?I flerpa I eMeË - 11eg3s141161eMHpa' $olrtuag aTI{X TpeX qacTeft MHpa' qacTb oCTa^bHbIx - O6nTaTe^tMË 3eM^I4. O6utare,rn qeM OT^IIqa^IrCb O.4HH KaK g B npeÀ,CTaB^eHI,Itx coBpeMeHHbIx a^TafigeB, MaÀo Han6orree MoryrgecrBa. no crerleHr,r pa3^Hqarb r,rx ^Hrlb or gpyroro. Mo6no MOryrgecTBeHHbIMHnpeÀcraB^tÀHcb, noBs.q,I4MOMy'KpbI^aTbIË THrp' Mlr'pHqecKsfi 9HIT Bger.4,a opeÀ s, BosMotr{Ho, pbr6ono.4,o6goe qyÀ,oB}rlge. B Cgenax 6opr6u Ha ^oct H BTopofi I'r rHrpa' raKe Ha nepBblfi llso6pa?I{alorcff Hana.4,arcIglrMlr Ha Hana.4'aer Koropblfi TI{rp, raKe, TperHfi na apra,tn. Meuee MorytgecrBeH apra^I{, ^OCA H Mapa^a, HO L CaM CTaHOBI{TCS211epTBOfiHana.4,egl{fl' HanpgMep co CTOpOHbTKpbl^aToro TIIrpa, xoTt B noc^eÀHeM C^yqae OH aKTIIBHO O6Opo' HqeTC1r. Hau6orree
c^a6bl[,tg c^e4yeT cqHTaTb TeKe' apra^It,
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82
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Hofi aHtrHocrH, Koropat
HOCTU, OT TeX n^Lr HHbrx r,eitcre:,1,ir naa6orree MorylgecrBeHHbrx uo cBoeMy o6gecrBeHHOMy nO^OXeHr.Irc H^H ^I'rqHbrM KaqecTBaM ,rp.4,efi. oaHaKo ero He Mor^o pa3pyrr]r,ITr' crapbrx npe.4craB^eHnfi o aoorvropQHbrxMHQulIecKLrx cyrgecrBax, Kar(
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ylrpaB^ffrorgHx MIrpoM cH^ax, Ho orHorrreHHe K HaM r.ISMeHI{ÀOCb. MOryrgecrnenHbre Bor{A,H r{ B^agbrKH HrpaÀr{ B }KIISHH n^eMeHH H pOÀa He MeHbruyrc poÀb, ueu roo6paà{aeMbre À,eËcrBuff uraenvecxax cyrgecrB, tlro6rr noKasarb, qro râxofi qerroseK paBeH no MoryrgecrBy MH(pHqecKHM cyrgecrBaM, H^r,r MoryrgecrBo ero o6ycaon^r,rBaercr r{x [oKpoBr.rre^bcrBoM, r.r^u rro ëpyrHM nogo6noro poga coo6paxenurM BosHHK o6rr.rafi noMergarb neo6paxeHnr Mueat{ecKr{x cyrgecrB Ha flpr{Ha.4Àexargnx eMy flpeÀMerax. EcrecrBeHHo, .rro o6arqafi gror
84
oxBaril^
Ec.ffi 6or."" rulrpoltnË npyr aroAeË H fio^ytrH^ IIIHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHesle. 6nt:rn ceargeHHbIMI{ H LIMe^H ûcKÀIotIHTe^bEo KyÀbpagbrrre tanne uro6paï{ena ToBoe sHarreHlre, To renepb po^b llx cHugHÂacb .q,oyKpaueHufi, xotl û pe^Irrtro3' ,"r"*
Ho ryrrrroertfi HO1O CO.4,epà{aHH.s, yrpaqeH.
Iâ cBtIgeHHbIfi xapamep
se 6r,t.T noÀHocTbrg
KypraHe Oco$oe Mecro cpe4n flponsBe.q,eHnfi I4cKyccTBa a flaauprtxcnoru (puc. 38)' poI'aMI4 oaeua c. MacKa BaHHMaer fleperrË orMerr{^ ee ucK^roqsre^bgoe sgaqeHr,re H" .fl. Mapp, noroptrfi 'repMgHbl cpeg,crB [epe' er.ge sa rpr{ ro.qa go pacKo[on a lilaaorpblKe, Hsyqaa .q,Bnï(eHr.r.fi,tlpIIIIIe^ K 3aK^IOqeHHIO, IITO OÀeHb KaK e3,q,oBoe ÏtHBoTHOe trpe.4,IllecTBoBa^ KoHIo. Dto crre4yer LIs Tot.o, qTo cÀoBa' o6oagaqaeul4e cgarla^a o^eHff' 50 BSOC^gA,CTBHHCTa^H C^yXtItTb .q,Àg O$oSHaqeHHt HOBOTOnOHtTH11 KoHt. Macrn nasbrpbrKcKoro KypraHa, no c^oBaM H. .fl Mappa, 6blÀu <, ruecrBoBaÀ KoHIo - Ky^bT o^eus nepeHeceH Ha KoHt. B flaauprrrccKoM KypraHe flo,q,o6'o norpe6e' KoHb, KoropoMy c noMorgbro MacKH npnÀaH BL.E o^e*t. ToMy, KaK coBpeMeggbre Hapo.q,brArrras etge HeÀ,aBHoHsofpazfiaeMblx Ha lxaHa3bIBa^H O^eHtMH H pItCOBaÀU EX C O^eHbHMI'I pC' raMH,52 nasblpblKcKoe nÀeMg KyÀbToBoto KoHt' norpe6aenaoro B MoîE^e Boà{,q,t' tITo, B oT^Ht{Ee oT npe.4,cTaB^t^o ce6e raKxe B o6pa3e o^eHs, XaparcrepHo,
MaHCKI{X 6y6nax
xoHefi
KoTopafl ,4,o^fl(Ha 6u,ra npeo6pasHrb KoHt ApyrI,Ix H3o6pa?neHnfi, Ha uacre, y[^oIgeHHbIMIn Ha KOHgax OTPOC'1' c BeTBtIgI,rMncs, B oÀegff, pgra I,ISo$palI{eHbI ceBepHoMy o^eHIO' HO HI'IKOrga He 6bIBaeT y 6^ar9KaMû, KaK aTO CBOËCTBSHHO pogHoro o^eHs; KpoMe ToI'o, c 3agHefi cTopoHbr cTBo^a pora noMelgeH xaPaKTepgbrfi ToÀbKo g,Àt ceBepgoro o^egr ne$barruofi oTpocToK. 31o saxgo otMeKoHt B KaqeCTBe esgOBOrO ÏtHBoTHoro 6brÀ Tr.ITb, TaK KaK UPçg,1r1eCTBeHHËKOM He 6^aropo.4,Hblfi o^eHb, a ceBepublfi.
h
;
TAEÀUgbt
T A t ; . 4 nA A t
t { It
il \
/-flaaupuxcxtfi
xypraH Ào pacxoroK; 2-6penna,
sanoÀHttorque Moru^v.
TAE.4llUAll
/ -- noronox
c p y 6 a n 6 a , r x r ' rH a H e M ; 2 - x o s t o 4 a c o n p o x l r n y r o f i r p u u r x o Ë , q a c r û q F o ocro6ox4enuar oro rtbga,
TAE.AAUA III
/ -
o r r o p c r u e B n o r o ^ K e _c p y 6 a , n p o p y 6 , \ e g 6 o e r p a 6 r r e , r l r t u ; 2 - - c e a e p H a q c r e s a c p y 6 a , J - r p y n u t R o H e I ' rB c e B e P H o H q a c r H l r o r l { À b l ' upopy6,rennax rpa6nrelaltul
7 - A 6 , 4 H U AI V
rdfr,
,'
q-&
:.é
:
,w ,'W E
roûopa ('/; H. e.); 2 - to xe, Àera^b (oxono l/2 H. B.); 3 - o6,rouox ^onarbl /-pyroarn roÀoBbl (oxo,ro 1/5 n. n.); I - ueÂuorii reoa4o (3/., n. s.) i 5, 6 - Kor(aHb[e QarypKn *no4yulrq' 8noxra croÀuKa (oxo,to t/5 u. e.); 7 t g P H o r o K o 3 ^ a ( o K o ^ o 1 , 1 1n . n ) ; (oxo,ro
l/6 u. r.).
T . q E . t tA 4A V
/ -
n a f i m a È a c r e u H o r o s o f i . r o x a( p e x o t c r p y x g n t , o K o ^ o I ; n . H , ) ; 2 u n e u s o 6 p a N e I I H l rn e r 1 i x o B H a K O ^ o A e .
x o , r , , ; J a iJ - -
xo'r.a-
TAEÀr'rAA VI
Ët'iq+
.{era,,rn ysgbr n ce4,ra N! l. 7 - .racrt' r{ocoBol'o p e M n n c 6 , r q x a M r ( o x o , r o l i z n . s . ) 1 2 - n c a , r s i i c 6 r r n x o f i - p a l g n , \ x o f i (oxo,ro 1/2 t.); 3- 6,rsxa-ua,to6snx (oxo,ro r/" n, n'); 4 - xoxaHatr atrr^r'IKaguu ". c B o i i ; r . o . l H o f in o K p h r r t r x u c e 4 . L a ( o x o a o 1 / r n . n - ) .
\ .s \!
5 a^
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ôi Z o rd
(.)
TAE-II'1U A VIII
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B o f i . r r o q n a gû o x p r ' I t u x a c e A ^ a N s 3 .
i- ,as.4au,q t*
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r,ro16j1,ç;
2 -
ncatnï,r
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t
rAEÀià u,q Xii
,nera:.u ce4.na Ne 5, 2-ero o p e . l ( o r < o n ol / 3 r ' n . ) ; /-xoxasoo HarpyÀHo€ yKpaoeulro-Mu9uqecKuii t o ^ o abl ropnoro Ko3^a c narpy4uoro roÀoBa (oxolro l/2 n. n.); 3-xoxasaÉ QErypRa a r n ^ û K a g l f f c a o f i r \ o ' l H o f in o K p b l u t K r l c e 4 , r a ( 1 / 3x , a . ) . polrua (oxoJroVr t .r.); 4-xoxauax
T A E . 4 n U AX r r r
r '
dr:
fl;\ , ,1,
r, $ !
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l1
-*JÊ' ff *'î&'' "<
Macxa xoneroro y6opa Nr 5 (pexoacrpyxgnr).
:
d,
xtv 1'AB.^aUA
/,era,rr.r / .-
nc rlufi;
2 -
6tnxa 3o -
y:.4r,r Ns 6 (rce
1/2 n. n.).
HocoBoro peMHt ; 3 - 6rrgxa or fiepeKpoc'rbtr Ha IgoqnoM qacrb ee; 6t'gxa Pt4oBatI. npucranHafl 4 -
peMHe;
' t A B . 4 n u Ax v
Qroaouue vs,lrr ii'g 7,
X
\( 5
F-
I\
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t$'.s
,lg
l.
TAEÀHUA XVII
I - noÀsecxa ce4ra Ns 9 (oxo,ro l/s x. n.); 2rulrre y ce4,ra No 7 (oxo,ro r/, u. a.); 3-narpunuux
xoxauoe ueo6paxeuue, l/i Korcxoro y6opa No 10 (oxolo
"'t')'
-r'AË"4ilAA
XVIII
r/,: n. e.). f e r a l u ya4nr Ne 8 (rce oxo,ro l-3
-
6,lsxr
or neperpeerufi p e M H e f i ; 4 - 6 x a r a
HoceBoro PeMHti 5-nca^qË.
TAEÀNUA XIX
d#
)'.r:a
Jtô 9.
7 ' A E À U U AX X
'""-qui ?a
,tJFî
.{erant / -
s
ya4u JÉ 9.
6 , r s x a o r n ô p o K p e c î n a p e u r r e f i ( o x o n o 1 / 2 u . a . ) ; 2 - 6 ; t a x a p x 4 o a a x ( o x o . l r o1 l z s . t . ) ; J, 4 - ncatun (1/t r. s.); 5 - 6,rsra rrocoBoro peruua (oxo:ro 1/z lr. s.).
fÀ8"4ila,qxkl
1/2 u. a.). .{erarru ye4nr }S 10 (oco oxo,ro 2-6xsxa
/ - 6arrlrrxa no46opo4ounoro peMsr; 3-nca.nufi; 4 - 6utxa or nepexpecrr,a pouuofi; rrocoBoro peMut; rgeqnoro peMnr. J-6nara-pa3BH^Ka
rÀE)r'ruAxxli
Cea,r,oNb 10.
IB
TA6À14UA XXilt
MacKaxgncxoro y6opa JÉ 10.
\0
I
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s F-
ri
cô 1
z, 3 d
â
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N P H ME ' qA H H .É i L B. B. À a r n ru e n. pJgseclÈji tpeBgr{x urcare.lefi rpeqecxlix y .rarsscxui o Cxa_ K a s x a : . e . Q*H Il. Cilc., l..lùJ. Sï^ .2. tau " xo, crp. U9. "rp. 3. Haz6oaee tio,*ro* xj.4aHHe 3rHx Rergefi cru. B Rnllre: H. T o., o Ë'- r. pr""^iru Fi. Kolrr4aKon. ", ;;";;;r; B _ r r a u r r g x x a x f i c r ( J i c c r B a ,n u n . - 3 , Cfii., 1890, crp. 44-65." 4. tlacla ae^ureûus CDpoaoecxoro co6paritu a Spuurar{e BocûpousBeausu pâr_ . ' . o B b r Me,u . : B . B , p a À À o B . Cl,6rocr(He apeBsocrs. 3anxcxn pv""*. .ir_ xeo,r. o6qr., Vll. 1895, ra6-r."XXIi. 3:
1t. pu"àn*"raArsaoJ, fl. f p n:u u .,, y"oopslrrn ioc. "Jp-uuraaa, I, 1940. ta, t\t. tL. l pt3HoB. j t a 3 l r p b r x c x o cx f i n :fiecx-o^e _uorpe6onue na Ar.rae. flpupo_ sa,7929,.tVr 11; H. .8. Mapp. k-;;-
rj_r,iï,'f"ïfrï:" rïff *ëtïË: ËiT, ( ePutr .8. 1929, 17 ( "\rls
f A H i l , l K , 1 9 3 1 J. S 2 ; M . p . - ô ; i ; ; loy,. E. A. Goio-utrt"[. Tt" Fazirik_Burial of attoi. À*"ii"""'.1".*] nal,of Archa"oin.qy, vot. Xxitii: iôSb,
"' {xry,t-xxrx,rr . c o t r xx*r:"" -.) . t r . _r r . r - a d e o B , y x"'ri; ., 188x 197-213;oi
x
erp. lg3_.
". àil;;;;;;._
.\e. J ; L.a-ure_ À4o r ge n s I e r n. L'cr,po_ srrronct'Art lranien de 1935à Leninsiad et fes.décorr'ertes de p";y;nt.-'i{;;;; 'p,il.. -1t35, des ,Arts Asiatiques, X, r\s e;
psl:Iril Cr6rrpu, âîanor,xcsaa po"""", ,( , . 1.,À1, ns.1.JJoanrpa,Cnd._M., 1g84. -n3Becr&t
Apxeo,tor.
ftoltlrcct H. Bbrn.
g2:]erj: :lr. rs_ar;M.-ir.'I P;;: ItoB, llaMtTrraxu uarieunpcKoro oTal]a
ânoxlr
paHHIlX
1f,f,;-""
fioseBB:tKoB
I!1'. I ps3BoB.
';iP'1".
Ra Arrrae.
re,ss, r,e ï ;-o; ; ;:ïiiif TJ,i,i,ii,ij;
npelra.BccrHux4peareË e+1, Ba r C. B. 1 9 2 ; ^ . a . E u r r o x o""rop"".-r
Kucerres, Orser o pa6orax Curoo_ Àarairc-xout apxeo,l,oruuecxofi axcneÀu_ g n u n 1 _ 9 3 5r . T p y : u r f o c . H.ropr,". r'ry:ez, XVI. 19.11.9. C)ny6,raxo"u" ro^uo,
"i ;;ï: d:-"ii. "*.,' x o c r ' r E b r x t K I r a r r r e H H r x""3:"d"i::iil *on.,^ofi ys4o,
Eg " c?KcrK{ (ap.csx o r . o , . x } - p i a n a n a A i r a e . r,oBe ,1ru , _ J ' l p x e o À C , r Baqo€xcekoBÀe o r x q , V ] l l , 1 9 4 6 . Hce_\e4OBaEI.L lB
FCtD_qP 1934-1936 .", lrÀ,_f,-lSSi, crp.306.
flasbrnrrxcxHù
CJCP. roc. Opvurax, ,*jJ Lr.jt. rfl,I
, Àprrfix coo6rgenufi ol , ; -I .. t a 3 b r p h r r i c K o M KypraHe rfoMetrIoll liax
coo6rgeauaritJMK, XVilt.
i.M. n., f paaHoe. fperrae x.-_rr,_ :rypu _A.ntax. Mar. no ii.vu. CoO"pn, 2 , H o n o - C n 6 z p c x ,I 9 3 0 ; O ; ; ; . 3 un. r_acxonxg xnlxecxofi Morlr^rrr sa AÀrae. , 9e,rooox, 1928, Ilir 2-4. E. C. B. Knce.rres. Hs pa6ora,rraii_ oxoii oxcue4ngan foc. I,lËr"po*;;;;;; Mvce.sB 1934r. Cose:
npune4"""o"
3âecb ongcaEae naMgîI{EXa 3aIlÀrcT80_ Ba,Eo H3 npeÀual,rgeË crarrr:); C. H. rIy.4enxoJ.,,Cxurpcxoe.. nocpe6e_ Hlro ttocrosgoro A.r,rax. Coo6nreuus
1i "B:b'::Bitïï:'#î "*ïJJ"u"î"ffi : c.roxa.
C6. ,,Koncnrre,opoao, Co"rrr"; .1'.lvr", rr:a. BACXHn^, btl.,' 1937, crp.25, 14. O x-e_pa-rore r flaerrpul(cKoÀrxyDralre c.*.: M. II. f pgsuoi. nu"roiii"no. x:rrÂxecxoonorpo6enae sa A,rrâe, flprapoa!. 19.29,Is-l I : M. 14. C;;,;i;. C n.Saqypr*r, B. H. T;;;;;f x )t 'I, B. æ. T y M e À b. O6gtoe nreosI\,4.-À.. 1940,crp. 215 li,. _ _ .\oroBeÀenae. 15. Onpe.4erreaur Macrû, Bogpacra r artc-
;;t"i".ti. i:"f#i:i:"
xorenc4eaaxor
15. C. B. Kllce.^es. AÀrar? B cxriçenoe nçer'Lr, Becrnvx 4pc*nefi ,l"roprrr'l 94?, 17.
_O11g o aes"eir,lrocrs Axa4euru H ayx "-," *,1e2e r., q. ir. ;";.-i-i.'^ .^ çgql 1 8 .M .
tI. Fprrnoo.
B
onpe4eÀeBïI.!
iliô: #ii"x
Fo^o''ro-*"*"r"o,
oTnralrîe.\bBlrO
B03-
cocprlrlelillrr'l1Pûpo4s'
89
.l!.
Apreo,rorr-rqecKHe
zcc,\eÂoBâFrr{ff
B
PCæCP 1934-1936rr. Si{.-À,. 1941, crp. 292-293. 2û. Kparxue,
trperBaplrrolrrÉbte
3aK,r.Io-{e
HHfl O:-,1eCTe trA3blpblKCKHX .:\OtrIûAe:r B cx, i{cTopill,I l(or{cK[Ix nopoé co3Àarrufi B crarbe B. C). Burra ,,Àoma4r' gpen:rero Bocroxa". C6, ,,Koncrr.re ûopo;Ihr
Cpe4neË Agnr.r". Hs,I. BACXHI4^, ll., i937, crp. 24 c,r. 2 1 . B . B . { , n a r p H e B . K o n n Tn t r e s o e p u 3arroBe4HI,IKa II rrpu^ea.aTpyar,r focyAltaricxolo er'ln. i, \1., 3aûOBe4HIIKa, IapcTBeMOi'O
Alraûcxoro rqlrx Mecî.
1931. 22. C- ,1. O r n e n. 3eepx Bocrocsofi EaForbr rr Ceeepnol-r Àsxu, r. i[, M.-.,\,, \931, crp. 292. 23..1/r. CÀoBg os. cprsnxo-reorpaipaqecsuii ovepn ceeepuoË uacru xeprrscroiâ crens..,3auucns 3aE, Cn6. Ora, PfO,
XXI, 1897,crp. 126. 24. C. B. Kace,res. AÀrafi a cxËtpcxùe Bpelrr. Becrn. 4pera. ncropnu, 194?, Ne ?, crp. 1r9 u 165. 2 5 . B . B . f u r . rr p a e e , ] ' l < . c û q . , c r p .
243-215.
26.U. T or\croft q H. i{anga}roB, PycerNe gpeBnocrr.r..,, Iil, Cn6., 189!:), Pwc. I L. 2i."4. "toÀcror'i n H. Kou:aK)8, -71. )'K.coq., puc.69 28. A. S a I rn o n y. Sino-Siberian Art in the Collection of C. T. Loo, Paris, 1933,
ra6,r. XXI, 1-2. 2 9 . M . O . D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r eo f t h e Oxus, London, 1905,ta6;t. VIII u nX. 30. Orqer Apxeoaoravecxofixouuccua :a 1864 r. Ar,rac, ra6:r. V, pvr.7 v 2. 3 1 . - \ . A . f l o n o e . O , r e n e s o J c r Byo. 4 o n râr{. Coeercxas orrrcrpa4Efi, 1935, Ns 4*5, crp. 189-190. 32. l{. n. I p r a rr o a. Eoapcxaq nucasr6a. Coo6qeuus |AHMK, 1933,Ne7-8, cro.41-45. Irlcropax pasBnrir,q 3 3 . I - 1 .X a p y 3 r r H . ;tiiiÀIIIIJa 'lrJpKcxHx
y
XOtIeBbIX H
Il
MorrroÀbcKHx
Poccnu. Stnorpaçuuecxoe
1896,N, '2-3, up. 77.
IIOÀ'iiKOqeBrJrK xapo3noc,
en
o6oapenae,
51. I'1. f. f eopru. Ouucasae o6ntaiorgzx r Poccuficxov rocvÂapcrRe irapoÂoB, rr. II, Cn6., 1795, crp. 167r A. -\. KvgseEoBa u fl. E. Ky-raxor. ùlunycraRcxno il aqurrcKLe rlgopodgrri,
K p a c u o r p c x ,1 8 9 8 ,c r p . 1 1 0 ; C , I ' t . P y r e E K o. Ëanxupot,q. ll, 3an. Pf O uo C)r4. etuorpaçnn, XLIII, II, ^., 1925, crp. 194 c,r. 3 5 . C u . , s a n p u M o pB: . B . P a g . r o n . C n 6apcrlro gpeBrrocru,Marep. no apieoÀ, Poccxn. Ne 15, 1894,ra6:r. XVI, 4-6. 36. fr,. V|. C u u p a o e. Boc'roquoecepo6po. Ctl6., 1909' ta6:r. V, iS 17. 37. Cu., rranptrMêp:A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present. Edit. A. U. Pope. London ancl Net' York. 1938, vol. lV, Pl. ?7 A. 3 8 . O . I v l .D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r oo f t h o Oxus, London. 1905, PI. XVl, 116. 39. CD.3 H r e ,t b c. flpoucxox4enfie ceMbra, qacrnoù co6ctsenqoctll t4 rocyaapcrBa. K. Mapxc n (0. 3sre,rnc, Cocusesss XVI, i, 1937, crp. 83. 40. I4axunQ [6N.rypur]. C o 6 p a u q oc B e {,err:aîro Hapogax, o6arasmux r Cpo4Hefi Asrrll B dpeanrlo apeuerra, u. l, Cfl6., 1851, crp. 14-15. 41. Tau xe, ctp. 251. 42. Tav. xe, v. II, crp. 30. 43. Taru xe, q. I, ctp. 350. 44. Tav. xe, crp. 460. 45. I e p o g o r. Hctopfirr R Aeafr:vr Kuu!'ax, IV, 7t (flepeeog cD. f. Mr.rrgeuno). 4 6 . C n r . , H a n p r . r M e pO , . A. Kpr.rBgoBaf paxosa. ArexceeBcxoe noco,tesue ,I Morl.r^r,rrHt(. Tpy4r'r foc. Hcrop. uy' Bes,XVII, M., 1948,puc.37 u 40;M. fI. f paenon. florpe6ennx 6pousonofi snoxta Kasaxcràse. C6. 3ura4uôru " ,,Kasaxn", II, ^., 1927, puc.24,20. 47. Cu., Hanpaùrep: M. n. f p  s rr o B, yI(. corr., puc. 27, 3 s 22, 7. 48. M. n. fpaeuos. Pacxonxa xutxocxoli rroruar,r sa A;rr:ae. ,,tlerronex", 1928, N? 2-4, puc. 7. 49.14- T oÀcroù u H. Korr.4aKoB, vK. coq., puc. 54, 55 r 68. 50. H. t. ll'app. Cpe4crna nepe4Brtxellrrfr, opy.4rrr caMo3argETbl L UporlsBoâcrBa B i4oricropnu. Hs4. Kaex. ticropnxo-apleo^. uncr., À., 1926. 51. H. fl. Mrpp.K oruery o sarpauuqrlofi KoMarrÀrpoBr(e (17rllI*Z2lYl 7929\.
CAH CCCP, 1929,B, No 17,ctp. 324. 52. ^. n, floranoe. C,terr,r roreMrlcrrrqecKrlx npeJcraBÀeE&ft y a,'.taiiger, CoBe:cKat srnorpa(purl, 1935, Ns 3*4" crp. 135, 143 a ,1p.
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