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8cero BblnyCTI'lJlI'l 40 8-25A. CaMOJleTbl :noro
nepSblU S-25
Tl'lna CTaJll'l nepBblMl'l, nOnaBWI'lMI'l Ha eoopy>t<eHl'le CTpoeBOi1 YaCTI'l. 8 I'lIOHe 1941 r. HeCKOJlbKO MaWI'lH nepeAaJlI'l 17-i16oM6aPAI'lPOBOYH0i1 rpynne, 6a3I'lpoBaBwei1c~B neHAllTOHe, WTaT OperoH. PaHbwe 8-18 -
OHa
JleTaJla
Ha
6oM6aPAI'lPOB~I'lKax
BoeHHOM Bapl'laHTe nacca>t
ECJlI'l Ha 8-25A yCI'lJlI'lBaJlI'l KaK 6bl naCCI'lBHylO 3a~I'lTY caMOJleTa, TO Ha CJleAYIO~ei1 MO-
S-25 (c 6-ao CaMOnema)
Al'lepl'lKal..\l'll'l, 8-258, B3~JlI'lCb 3a Hapa~I'lBaHl'le orHeBoi1 MO~1'l MaWI'lHbl. KOpMOBylO yCTaHoBKy JlI'lKBI'lAl'lpOBaJll'l, 3aMeHI'lB ee He6oJlbWI'lM npo3paYHbiM 6Jll'lCTepOM AJl~ Ha6JlIOAeHI'l~ 3a 3aAHei1 nOJlycepepoi1. 3TO HeMHoro yKOpOTI'lJlO eplO3eJl~>K CaMOJleTa. P~AOM C Jle>KaKOM AJl~ Ha6JlIOAaTeJl~ pa3MeCTI'lJll'l epoTOycTaHOBKY.
YCTpaHeHl'le 3aAHei1 orHeBoi1 TOYKI'l 6blJlO 60Jlee yeM CKOMneHCl'lpOBaHO MOHTa>KOM BepxHei1 I'l HI'l>KHei1 MeXaHI'l31'lpOBaHHbiX TypeJlei1 «OeHAI'lKC» C napoi1 KpynHOKaJll'l6epHbiX nyJleMeTOB Ka>KAaR 8epXH~~ TypeJlb Bpa~aJlaCb 3JleKTpoMOTOpoM Ha Bee 360 rpaAYCOB. CTBOJl nOAHI'lMaJlC~
OT ropl'l30HTaJlbHoro
nOJlO>KeHI'l~
AO CTpOro
BepTI'lKaJlbHoro, YTO o6eCneYI'lBaJlO Wl'lpOKOe
~ei1 B EBpone BOi1Hbl nOTpe60BaJI nOBblCI'lTb 6oeBylO >KI'lB~eCTb 60M6aPAl'lpOB~I'lKa. nl'lJlOTaM I'l 6oM6aPAI'lPy yCTaHOBI'lJlI'l 6poHecnl'lHKI'l Ha Cl'lAe-
Hb~X, npl'lKpblJlI'l JlI'lCTaMI'l 6POHI'l CTpeJlKa. oeH306aKI'l npoTeKTl'lpoBaJll'l BHYTpeHHI'lM CJloeM Ha6y-
xalO~ei1 pe31'lHbi. OHa AOJl>KHa 6blJla 3aT~rI1BaTb nYJleBble
np060l'lHbi.
8HeApeHI'le
npOTeKTOpa
YMeHbWI'lJlO nOJle3Hbli1 06beM 6aKOB nOYTI'l Ha YeTBepTb. YMeHbWeHl'le 3anaca roplOyero CKOMneHCl'lpOBaJll'l yCTaHoBKoi1 AOnOJlHI'lTeJlbHOro 6aKa B 6oM600TceKe. OH BeWaJlC~ Ha 6oM6oAep>KaTeJll'l I'l npl'l Heo6xOAI'lMOCTI'l Mor c6paCblBaTbCR ,Qopa60TKI'l
yBeJlI'lYI'lJlI'l HOpMaJlbHbli1 B3JleT-
Hbli1 Bec AO 11 496 Kr (npl'lMepHO Ha 100 Kr). CoOTBeTCTBeHHO ynaJla
MaKCI'lMaJlbHa~CKOpOCTb
-
AO 506,5 KM!Y, YXYAWI'lJlaCb cKoponoAbeMHocTb, YMeHbWI'lJlC~ npaKTI'lYeCKI'li1 nOTOJlOK.
KopMosaR cmpenKosaR ycmaHosKa S-25A (6oesoe nOnOJKeHUe, cmsopKu 3KpaHa omKpblmbl)
4
"ABHaKOMeKUHSl»
N!! 2'2003
nOJle 06CTpeJla. CI'lCTeMa 6JlOKI'lPOBKI'l cnycKa He
8-258
n03Bon~na npOCTpen~Tb XBOCTOBOe OnepeH~e C06CTBeHHOH MaW~Hbl. oOe3anaC KalKAoro nyneMeTa COCTo~n ~3 42Q-.-440 naTpOHOB. BepXHlO1O rypenb oOCny>K\'1BaJl CTpenOK. B 6oeBOH 06CTaHOBKe OH 3aH~Man C~AeHbe HanoA06~e Benoc~neAHoro nOA 60nbW~M CTeKn~H HblM KynonoM Typen~. K ero MecTy 6bln~ cAenaHbl nOABoA K~cnopoAa An~ ~HAI1BI1AyanbHoH MaCKI1, o60rpeB 11 pa3beM neperoBopHoro yCTpOHCTBa. A B nOXOAHOM nOnO>KeHI1I1 cTpenoK CYA06CTBaMI1 BocceAan Ha M~rKoH KpblwKe... YHI1Ta3a, cHa6>KeHHOrO npI1CT~>KHblMI1 peMH~M~. HI1>KH~~ Typenb, TaK>Ke pa60TalOll\a~ OT 3neKTpOnpI1BOAa, ~Bn~naCb BblnycKHoH - ee BblABl1ranl1 TonbKO npl1 He06xOAI1MOCTI1. nOCKonbKy Typenb pe3Ko yBenl1'·mBana a3pOAI1HaMI14eCKoe COnpOTl1eneHl1e, TO 06bl4HO B noneTe OHa nonHOCTblO y611panaCb B K. B HI1>KHeH Typenl1 HI1KOro He 6b1fiP, BbInOnH~BWI1H t<eHl1e A06aBl1nO 60nee 600 Kr K Becy caMoneTa. CooTBeTCTBeHHO MaKCI1ManbHa~ CKOpOCTb on~Tb ynana, Tenepb AO 482 KM/4, nOHI13I1nC~ nOTonOK 11 yXYAWl1naCb cKoponoAbeMHocTb. YBenl1411naCb Afi~ Ha pa36era Ha B3neTe ~ np06era Ha nocaAKe. ):IanbHocTb noneTa npaKTI14eCKI1 He ~3MeHl1naCb. nepBble 14 MaW~H T~na B-25B 6blnl1 npl1H~Tbl BBC apMl111 CWA (TaK OHI1 CTanl1 I1MeHOBaTbc~) B aBrycTe 1941 r. K MOMeHTy HanaAeHI1~ ~nOHl.\eB Ha nepn-Xap60p 9 AeKa6p~ «HOPT AMepI1K3H» BblnycTl1na 130 60M6apAl1pOBll\I1KOB Bcex MOA~KHOCTI1 171 caMoneT. Bcero cAenanl1 119 B-25B. OAI1H 60M6apAI1-
8-25D S3JJemaem C 3asoocKoZO a3poopoMa S KaH3ac-cumu. 06pamume SHUMaHue Ha UHousuoyanbHble SblxnonHble nampy6KU U HanU'IUe aHmeHHbl PRC Ha 6opmy nod Ka6uHou
POBll\I1K, n~THaAl.\aTbIH no C4eTY, pa36l1nc~ npl1 06neTe AO CAa411 BBC ~ BnocneACTB~11 6blfi I1CKnlO4eH ~3 3aKa3a. 23 caMoneTa nOCTaBl1n~ no neHA-nl13y B Ben11K06p11TaHI1IO, rAe OHI1 nonY411nl1 0603Ha4eHI1e «MI1T4enm> I.
6aKOB B Kpblne, npl1 3TOM COXpaHl1naCb B03MO>KHOCTb MOHTa>Ka AononH~TenbHoro 6aKa B 60M600TceKe. Ha Konecax nO~Bl1nl1Cb HOBbie, 60nee MOll\Hble 11 60nee HaAe>KHble TopM03a Crl1ApOnpl1BOAOM BblCOKOro AaeneHI1~. Cnl1COK CTaHAapTHoro 060pYAoeaH~~ nononHl1nC~ aBTOn~nOTOM. Ba>KHbIM HOBOBBeAeHl1eM CTana aHTl106neAeHI1TenbHa~ CI1CTeMa. OHa CKnaAblBanaCb 113 >KI1AKOCTHOro 11 nHeBMaTI14ecKoro yCTpOHCTB. >K\1AKOCTblO (cnl1pTOBOH CMeCblO), KoTOpylO man 113 6a4Ka 3neKTpoMOTOp, OMbleanl1Cb nOnaCTI1 B03AYWHbIX BI1HTOB. nHeBMaTI14eCKI1H aHTI106neAeHI1Tenb
8-258 nony'lun SMecmo KOpMOSOU ycmaHosKu sepxHlO1O U HUJKHIOIO mypenu
8-25C 6b/swezo zonnaHocKOZO 3aKa3a c «nanb'lUKOSbIMU» nnaMezacumenRMU B ~HBape 1942 r. 3aBoA B li1HffiBYAe nepewen Ha BblnyCK MaWI1H MOAI1Ke Ha Hero BblAanl1 nepBblH 3aKa3. BHeWHe nepBble caMoneTbl MOAI1KeHl1e 24 B. 3Ha411TenbHo YBen~4I1nc~ 06beM 6eH30-
na 11 OnepeHI1~. npl1 He06xOA~MOCTI1 B I1X BHYTpeHHl1e nOnOCTI1 nOAaeanc~ C>KaTbIH B03AYX. ):IaBneHl1e nynbcl1poBano 11 HaKnaAKa «Ablwana», pacKanblea~ KOP04tKe 060rpeB Ka611H 6eH3I1HOBbIMI1 KanOpl1KHOCTI1 no nOABeCKe 60enpl1naCOB pa3nl14HbiX Tl1nOB.
«ABltaKOMeKUltll»
NQ 2'2003
5
~epHKaHCKaR apMHR 38Tpe60aana 863 B-25C. E~e Ha 462 MaWHHbl nocrynHllH 38RBKH
H3-3a py6elKa. 162 caMOlleTa B HIOHe 1941 r.3aKa3a1l0 3MHrpaHTcKoe npaBHTellbCTBO HHAepllaHAOB A1lR BooPYlKeHHR aBHal.\HH rOllllaHACKO~ OCT-V1HAHH (HblHe V1HAOHe3HH). 150 6oM6aPAHPOB~HKOB no lleHA-llH3Y npeAOCTaB1lRllH BenHK06pHTaHHH H e~e 150 - KHTalO. PeweHHe 06
3THX nOCTaBKax no lleHA-llH3Y npHHRllH 23 RHBapR 1942 r. Bee caMOlleTbl, npeAHa3HayeHHbie A1lR APyrnx cTpaH, HeMHoro OT1lHyallHCb APyr OT APyra H OT MaWHH A1lR BBC apMHH CWA no KOMnlleKTal.\HH, n03TOMY 3KcnopTHble MOAellH nOllyYHllH Ha 3aBOAe C06cTBeHHble 0603HayeHHR: rollllaHACKHe - NA-90, 6pHTaHcKHe - NA-94 H KHTa~ CKHe NA-93. KCTaTH, Ha Bcex 3THX CaMOlleTaX AOlllKeH 6bl1l YCTaHaB1lHBaTbCR BMeCTO 60M60BOro npHl.\ella «HoPAeH», CYHTaBwerocR ceKpeTHblM, 601lee npocTO~ BHMnepHc 0-8. MOAHepHKal.\HR C CTalla nepBo~, BblnycKaBwe~CR B MaCCOBblX KOllHyeCTBax. B xOAe cepH~
HOro npoH3BoAcTBa caMOlleT nOCTeneHHO cOBepweHCTBOBallCR. HaYHHaR C 384-ro no cyeTy 60M6apAHpoB~HKa np03paYHOe OKHO HaA MeCTOM wrypMaHa 38MeHHllH Ha BbInYK1lbl~ 6llHCTep. 3TO
HocoeaR '1aCmb B-25C c oeyMR 12,7-MM nyneMemaMU
061lerYH1l0 HaBHral.\HIO no COllHl.\y H 3BeJAaM. OAHoBpeMeHHo 6bl1l YBellHyeH 3anac roplOYero H BBeAeHbl epHllbTPbl npoTHB nblllH Ha BcacblBaIO~HX naTpy6Kax Kap61OpaTopoB ABHraTelle~.
C 606-~ MaWHHbl nOWlla cepHR C-1, OT1lHyaBwaRCR no 60M60BOMy BoopYlKeHHIO. Ha He~, KpoMe BHYTpeHHe~, BBellH HapylKHylO nOABecKy 60M6. nOA KalKAblM Kpbl1l0M paCn01l0lKHllH no yeTblpe 6allKH, paCCYHTaHHble Ha nOABecKY 60M6 KallH6pOM AO 113 Kr. TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha KOpOTKHe paccToRHHR 3a CyeT MeHbwero 3anaca roplOyero MOlKHO 6bl1l0 6paTb 3HaYHTellbHO 601lbwylO 6oM60ByIO HarpY3KY, AOXQAHBWYIO AO 2360 Kr. B-25C-1 TaKlKe Mor HeCTH yKopOYeHHylO aBHal.\HOHHYIO TOpneAY, nOABewHBaBwylOcR nOA eplO3ellRlKeM. 60M6 B 3TOM CllyYae He 6pallH, a MecTO B 60M60OTceKe 3aHHMall AOnOllHHTellbHbl~ 6eH306aK. Bcero 3aBOA Bblnycn11l 258 B-25C-1. Ha cepHH C-5 CTpellKOBOe BoopylKeHHe CHOBa 6bl1l0 YCHlleHo: 7,62-MM nylleMeT y 60M6apAHpa 38MeHHllH Ha KpynHoKanH6epHbl~ (12,7-MM) C 60e3anacoM
300
naTpoHoB;
no
npaBoMy
60pTy nepeAHe~ Ka6HHbi AOnOllHHTellbHO YCTaHOBHllH HenoABHlKHbl~ 12,7-MM nylleMeT C TaKHM lKe 3anaCOM. Tenepb 60M6apAHp Mor He OTBlleKaTbCR Ha 60eBOM Kypce -
H3 HenOABHlKHO-
ro nylleMeTa CTpellRll nH1l0T, y KOTOpOro nORBHll-
Buo Ha KpynHoKanu6epHble nyneMembl u3Hympu Ka6uHbl 60M6apoupa. nOOeUJKHOU nyneMem 3aepUKCUpOeaH e nOXOOHOM nOnOJKeHUU
CR KOllllHMaTOpHbl~
npHl.\ell. Ha BblX1l0nHbiX
naTpy6Kax KOlllleKTOpOB YCTaHOBHllH nllaMeraCHTellH «nallbYHKoBOro» THna.
Y HHX
naTpy60K
Ha KOHl.\e pa3BeTBllRllCR, 06pa3yR KOHCTPYKl.\HIO, Ae~CTBHTellbHO HanOMHHaBwylO KHCTb ye1l0BeYeCKO~ pyKH. B 3KCnllyaTal.\HH OHH nOKa3allH ce6R n1l0XO, yaCTO TpeCKallHCb, H nOYTH Ha Bcex
MaWHHax 6blllH 3aMeHeHbi naTpy6KaMH CTaporo THna. C OKTR6pR no AeKa6pb 1942 r. 3aBOA B IIlHr1lBYAe BblnYCTHll 162 B-25C-5. CepHR C-10 MallO OT1lHyallaCb OT C-5: TOllbKO npHcnoc061leHHOCTbIO K 3KCnllyaTal.\HH B xo1l0AHOM K1lHMaTe H HOBblMH KOMnacaMH. Ha cepHH C-15, 3any~eHHo~ B npOH3BOACTBO B RHBape 1943 r., 06~He KOlllleKTOpbl BblX1lonHblX ra30B 3aMeHHllH HHAHBHAyallbHblMH naTpy6KaMH A1lR KalKAoro l.\HllHHApa,
OCHa~eHHbIMHnIla-
MeraCHTellRMH. 3TO cy~ecTBeHHo 061lerYH1l0 nH1l0THpOBaHHe caMOlleTa HOYblO, KorAa nllaMR
nOoeeCKa 60M6 Ha nooKpblnbHblx 6oM6ooepJKamenRX
6
"ABHaKOMeKUHR»
N!! 2'2003
Iol IolCKpbl OT BblXIlOna Cllenlollllol lleT'lIolKOB B TeM-
Hbllit nylleMeT B Ka610lHe 60M6ap,Qlolpa. Ceploll'l
nO,Q06Hble nepe,QeJlKlol 6blJllol oyeHb pacnpoCT-
HOTe. HOBal'l KOHCTpyKl.\loll'l OKa3allaCb ropa3,C\O
0-30 ,QonOllHIolTellbHO OTlllolyallaCb 060rpeBoM
paHeHbl Ha neplolepeplollitHblX TeaTPax 60eBblX ,Qelit-
HSAe>KHee CTapblX «nallbYIolKOBblX» nllaMeraCIol-
ll060BbiX CTeKOll nlollloTcKolit Ka61olHbi.
CTBIolH, B yaCTHOCTIol, Ha TIolXOM
TelleH Iol COXpaHlolllaCb Ha BCeX nOClle,QYIO~lolx
OKeaHe. B 3TOM
nepBOHayallbHble 3KcnopTHble 3aKa3bl Ha
perlolOHe B-25 IolcnOllb30BallIolCb TaK>Ke B KaYecTBe
NA-90, NA-93 Iol NA-94 n03,C\Hee aHHylllolpoBa-
Tl'I>KeJlblX WTypMOBIolKOB 6ollbworo PSAlolyca ,Qelit-
C-20, XOTl'I Iol nOllyYlolll Ha 3aBO,Qe HOaoe 060-
lllol, BlllolB IolX B 06~1ol1it nOTOK. Ho 1ol3 YIolClla caMO-
CTBloll'l (aMepIolKaHl.\bl Ha3blBalllollolX «raHWlolnaMIol» -
3H8YeHIole NA-96, 6blll npaKT\1YeCKlo1lol,QeHTlolYeH G-15.
lleTOB, nOCTpoeHHblX ,Qlll'l BBC apMlol1ol CWA,
«KaHoHepKaMIol»). TaM He 6blllO cnnOWHOH lllolHlol1ol
npOCTO C :nOH ceP1ol1ol HaYIolHallCl'I HOBblH 60llb-
HeKoTOpoe KOlllolyeCTBO B-25C Iol B-250 ompa-
eppoHTa, OTCYTCTBOBalla XopoWO OpraHIol30BaHHal'l
ceploll'lx Iol MO,QlolepIolKal.\loll'lX.
WOH 38Ka3 BBC, conpoBO>K,QaBWIolHCl'I, KaK 06blY-
Blollllol B Bell1olK06p1olTaHIolIO, COBeTcKlol1it COlO3,
npoTlolBOB03AywH8l'I o6opoHa. Ha 6eCKpaHHlolx npo-
HO, nO,Qpo6Hb1MIol TeXHlolyecKlolMIol YCllOBloll'lMIol. Ha
KaHa,Qy Iol 6pa3lollllollO. AHrlllolyaHe nOllYYlollllol 167
CTOPax TlolXoro OKeaHa, r,Qe BOHHa Wlla npbl>KKaMIol
II.
C OCTpoBa Ha OCTPQB, KPaHHe Ba>KHa 6blJla 6ollb-
B-25C-25 BHe,QPlollllol HeCKOllbKO BaplolaHTOB ,QonOll-
B-25C Iol 371 B-250, 0603HaYIolB IolX «MIolT'lellJl»
HIolTeJlbHOro 6aKa B 6oM600TeeKe: npoTeKTlolpoBaH-
KaHa,Ql.\aM ,QOCTallIolCb yeTblpe caMolleTa, 6pa-
wal'l ,Q8JlbHOCTb nOlleTa. Aa Iol xapaKTep OOpa>Kae-
HblH ,QIll'l 60eBblX Onepal.\IolH Iol 6ollbWIolH no eMKO-
3lolllbl.\aM -
MblX l.\eJlelit B EBpone Iol Ha TIolXOOKeaHCKOM TeaTpe
CTIol neperoHOYHblH 6ea npOTeKTOpa (ero nplol,Qa-
p06HO paccMoTpeHbl ,Qallee.
cy~eCTBeHHO pa3JllolyallCl'I. 3,QeCb He IolMellOCb
Balllol K8>K,QOMy BTOpOMy caMollery). O,QHoBpeMeH-
Clle,QYIO~lole MO,QlolepIolKal.\1ol1ol E Iol F l'IBlll'llllolCb YIolCTO 3KcnepIolMeHT8JlbHblMIol. Ha HIolX oTpa6aTblBallIolCb 8JlbTepHaTIolBHble CIolCTeMbl aHTlolo6Jle,Qe-
yaCTO Tpe6oBallOCb YHIolYTO>KIolTb He60llbWOIit ,Qe-
HO BBeJlIol HOBblH K03blpeK nlollloTCKoH Ka61olHbl. BblnycK 60M6aP,QIolPOB~IolKOB MO,QlolepIolKal.\1ol1ol
29. nOcTaBKIol B CCCP 6y,QYT no,Q-
000 onblTHble MaWIolHbl
nepe,QeJl8Jl1ol 1ol3
Macc 6poHeTeXHIolKlol, MO~HbIX yKpenlleHIolIit. 3aTO peBl'IHHbllit MOCT, ,Q>KOHKY IolJlIol napy XIol>KIolH, Ha KOTQ-
B-25C B VlHrllBY,Qe npeKpaTlollllol B Mae 1943 r.
HIolTeJlelit.
Bcero IolX c06palllol 1619. PaHHlole B-25C 3a cyeT
Tlolna C. Ha e,QIolHCTBeHHOM XB-25E yepea nepe,Q-
Pa60Tbl no C03,QaHIolIO Cnel.\Iol8Jl1ol3IolpoaaHHoro
60llbweH Tl'IroBoopy>KeHHOCTIol 6bllllol HeMHoro
Hlole KpoMKIol KPbllla Iol onepeHloll'l nponyCK8JlCl'l
WTypMOBOro BaplolaHTa B-25 BeJllol B CWA nO,QnOll-
BQJ,QYX (HarpeBaBwIolIitCl'l BblXIlonHblMIol ra-
'KOBHIolK n. raHH OT BBC Iol Io1H>KBHep A>K. oKC OT
pble npoCTO >K8JlKO 6blJlO TPSTIolTb 6oM6bl.
6blCTpoxo,QHee B-25B, HO nOCTeneHHO poeT Beca
TennblH
Iol YBeJllolyeHlole llo60Boro conpoTIolBlleHloll'l (cKa38-
3aMIol MOTOpOB), Ha XB-25F OHIol HarpeBalllolcb
«HOPT AMepIolK3H».
llaCb HaPY>KHal'l nO,QBecKa) nplolBeJllol K CHIol>KeHIolIO
3lleKTPIolYecTBOM. nOCKOnbKY 3T1ol CIolCTeMbl He npo-
B-25C e~e,QBa HOCOBblX nyneMeTa, a 38TeM CMOH-
CKOpOCTIol Iol yXy,QweHIolIO cKopono,QbeMHocTIol.
,QeMOHCTpIolPOBallIol
napallllellbHo C B-25C BblnycKallacb npaKTlolyeCKIol lol,QeHTIolYHal'l eH MO,QlolepIolKal.\loll'l B-250. MawlolHbl Tlolna 0 ,Qellall HOBblH 3aBO,Q B KaH3ac-
raHH
cnepBa ,Qo6aBIolJl
Ha
nepe,Q XopoWO
TlolpoBall Ha 60pTax nO,Q OKHaMIol Ka610lHbl KOpo6a,
OCBoeHHblMIol nHeBMaTlolYecKI'lMIol yCTpoIitCTBaMIol, TO
B Ka>K,QOM 1ol3 KOTOPblX HaXO,QlolllOCb no nape
npelolMy~eCTB
12,7-MM nylleMBTOB. E~e oo,Qaa nylleMeTa, HOY>Ke
BHe,QpeHloll'l IolX B eeplollO He nOClle,QOBallO. XOTl'I MO,QlolepIolKal.\1ol1ol C Iol 0 IolMeJllol 3HaYlolTeJlb-
K8Jl1ol6pa 7,62 MM, pa3MecTIollllol B KPbllle B OTce-
CIolTIol. Ero nocTpolollllol Ha 61O,Q>KeTHble cpe,QcTBa
HO 60llee MO~Hoe BOOpY>KeHlole, yeM IolX npe,Qwe-
Kax, r,Qe HaXO,QlollllolCb nOCSAOYHble epapbl. Cnel.\lol-
B 1940-1941 rr., Iol OH CYIolTahcl'I rocy,QapcTBeH-
CTBeHHIolKlol, OHO He Bcer,Qa y,QOBlleTBopl'lllO 3KIol-
8JlIolCTbl «HOpT AMepIolK3H» 38CTaBIolJlIol 3TIol nylle-
HOH c06cTBeHHocTblO, BpeMeHHo nepe,QaHHoH
na>lG1 B 60eBblX YCllOBloll'lX. Ha eppoHTax ero ,QO-
MeTbl CHl'ITb, ,QOKa3blBal'l, YTO Blol6pal.\1ol1ol OTPIoll.\8-
no,Q ynpaBlleHlole «HOPT AMepIolK3H». 3aKa3 Ha
nOllHl'Illlol pa3JlIolYHbIMIol KYCTapHO 1ol3roTOBlleHHblMIol
TeJlbHO CKS>KYTCl'I Ha npCYHOCTIol KOHcollelit. Tor,Qa
1200 B-250 yTl,ep,Qlollllol 28 IolIOHl'I 1941 r.
YCTaHOBKaMIol. HanplolMep, B 345-1it 6oM6ap,QIolPO-
raHH BCTaBlolll B HOC 20-MM nywKY, nplolKllenaB ee
BOYHOIit rpynne (TaK B CWA IolMeHOBallIol aBlolanOll-
llaepeT K nOllY Ka610lHbi 6oM6ap,Qlolpa.
nepBble WecTb 6oM6aM'lPOB~IolKOBnOYTIol nOllHOCTbIO co6pam'l B VlHmBYAe Iol nplolBe3ll1ol B KaH-
KIol) WTaTHble nYlleMeTbl B HOCOBOH yaCTIol CHIolMa-
nepBble CTpellb6bl nOK838JlIol, 'ITO 6OllbWoH Bee
38C-<:I1TIol B Blol,Qe KPynHblx Y3JlOB. ABa 1ol3 HIolX c,Q8Jl1ol
lllol Iol MOHTlolPOBallIol Ha MeeTe KPecna 6oM6ap,Qlol-
ceKYH,QHOro 38Jlna nplolBO,QIolT K IolHTeHCIolBHolit ,Qe-
BBC B epeBp8Jle 1942 r. Iol e~e TPIol -
B MapTe. Ao
pa cyeTBepeHHylO HenO,QBIol>KHYIO YCTaHOBKY. Ec-
epopMal.\1ol1ol 06WIolBKIolIol KapKaca nnaHepa. B YaCT-
caTOro caMolleTa Bee ,QeT8Jl1ol nQCTYn8Jl1ol C rollOB-
TeCTBeHHO, YTO MeCTa ,QIll'l 60M6ap,Qlolpa nplol 3TOM
HOCTIol,
HOro 38BO,Q8, a B KaH38C-<:I1rn BeJlIol TOllbKO c60PKY
Y>Ke He OCTaB8JlOCb. 60M6bl c6paCblB8Jl nlolllOT
yaCTb Y3JlOB
CTOl'lBWIolM y Hero ,Qy6JlIolPYIO~IolM 6oM60c6pacbl-
CT8Jl1ol nOCTaBlll'lTb 6blBWIole aBTOM06lolJlbHble 38Bo-
BaTeJleM. 6ollbwoH TOYHOCTIol 6oM60MeTaHloll'l He
Iol perylllolpoBKY. Co 101-H MaWIolHbl
,Qbl «A>KeHep8Jl MOTOPC», a l.\eHTponnaH Iol Koe-YTO e~e
HaY8Jl1ol 1ol3roTOBlll'lTb Ha MeeTe.
nOllyY8JlOCb, HO 3TO 6blllO Iol He oyeHb Ba>KHO, no-
C 201-ro 60M6ap,QlolpoB~IolKaB KaH3ac-clolTIol
B nepBylO oyepe,Qb, ,QIll'l nO,QaBlleHloll'l 3eHIolTHblX Cpe,QCTB, Iol 6p8Jl1ol Ha 60pT MeJlKlole OCKOllOYHble
Hble 60M60,Qep>KaTelllol, aCTpoHaBlolral.\1ol0HHblH
6oM6bl B KacceTax, nOpa>KaBWlole 3HaYIolTeJlbHYlO
6lllolcTep Iol Pl'l,Q ,Qpyrlolx HOBweCTB, BHe,QpeHHblx
nllO~SAb. OCTeKlleHlole nepe,QHelit Ka61olHbl, CTaB-
K TOMy BpeMeHIol B VlHrllBY,Qe. Ha 0-5 nOl'lBlollllolCb
wee OOcnolle3HblM, 38KPaClollllol. B TOIit >Ke rpynne
Heno,QBIol>KHbllit KpynHoKalllol6epHblH nylleMeT B
IolMeJlCl'l B-250-25, Ha KOTOpoM yCTaHoBlollllol BTo-
HOCy eplO3elll'l>Ka Iol c6pacblBaeMblH 6aK B 60M-
POH HenO,QBIol>KHbllit KpynHoKalllolOOpHblH nyllBMeT
600TceKe. 0-10 6blll aHallOrlolyeH C-10. Ha Ma-
(HSA nepBbIM), a MeCTO KOpMOBOro 6lllolCTepa 3a-
WIolHax
Hl'Ill e~e O,QIolH HenO,QBIol>KHbllit 12,7-MM nylleMeT,
0-1 -
0-10
MOHTlolpoBalllolcb
«nallbYIolKOBble» nllaMeraCIolTelllol. Ha 0-15 IolX 3aMeHIollllol
IolH,QIolBIol,QyallbHblMIol
Iol TpeCK8JlIolCb lllolCTbI 38 c,QBo-
CKOllbKY caMolleT IolCnOllb30BallIol KaK WrypMOBIolK,
nepewlllol Ha ceplollO 0-1, nOllYYIolBWYIO HapY>K-
ceplollit
MOP~lolllIolCb
CMOHTlolpoaaHHbllit C HaKllOHOM BHIol3.
BblXllonHblMIol
naTpy6KaMIol. Ha B-250-20, nOllYYIolBWIolX ,Qpyrolit K03blpeK nlollloTcKolit Ka610lHbl Iol HOBbie 6eH306a-
CaModenbHble 60pmOSble
Klol B 60M600TceKe, nepBOHayallbHbllit 3aKa3 Ha
02HeSble mOlfKU
MO,QlolepIolKal.\1ol1O 0 3aKOHYlolllCl'I. no ,QonollHIolTellbHoMY KOHTpaKTy BblnYCTlollllol ceplollol 0-25, 0-30 Iol 0-35 (3aBo,QcKoe 0603HayeHlole NA-100). OHIol Wlllol ClollOlll'l1943
r. B-250-25
OTlllolyalllolCb OT caMOlleTOB npe,Qbl,Qy~elit cePlollol TOllbKO BBe,QeHloleM nepeHOCHoro KIolCllOP0,QHOro KOMnlleKTa. 3aTO ,QBe Oyepe,QHble ceplollol y>Ke 6bllllol 6lllol>Ke K clle,QYIO~elit MaCCOBOH MO,QlolepIolKal.\lollol, B-25J, Iol IolMelllol COBceM IolHylO KOMnOHoBKy 060poHIolTellbHoro Boopy>KeHloll'l. Ha 3TIolX MaWIolHax BblnyCKHylO HIol>KHIOIO 6awHIO y6palllol. MeCTO XBOCTOBoro KOHyca 3aHl'Illa OrHeBal'l TOYKa C 12,7-MM nYlleMeTOM, HO He TaKal'l, KaK Ha B-25A. CTpellOK B Helit CIol,Qell, a He lle>Kall. B 60pTax 3a KpblllOM npope3alllol 60llbwlole OKHa, 1ol3 KOTOpblX CMOTpelllol Hapy>Ky CTBOllbl e~e ,QBYX KpynHoKalllol6epHbix nYlleMeTOB. 4acTb caMOlleTOB nOllYYlollla BTOPOH Heno,QBIol>K-
"ABHaKOMeKUHll»
N!! 2'2003
7
WmYPMoeUK n.raHHa
pSl>KaH~1O
BpyYHylO. PSlAOM C KpecnOM wrypMaHa yKnaAKY Ha 21 cHapSlA. Pa60TaTb 6blno TeCHO ~ AooonbHO onaCHO, nocKonbKY np~ BblcTpene OTKaT COCTaBnSln OKono nonyMeTpa. pacnonO>Kl'ln~
eHHbIM~ YCTaHOBKaM~ Ha
6oprax. np~WnOCb yQ1BHe,QPSlTb C~CTeMY BHYTpeHH~X paCKOCOB B Hocoooi14a~ eplO3eJlSl>Ka. Beero np~ nepeAenKe B-25C BTSl>Kenbli1 WTYPMOB~K pa604~e 4-ro aB~aAenO (aB~apeM6a3bl) B TayHCBWlJle CMOHnlPOBan~ 97 nOAKpennSlI014~X 3neMeHTOB. CneAYI014~M warOM B Hapa14~BaH~~ OrHeBoi1 M014~ «M~T4enna» CTana yCTaHoBKa noneBoro OPYA~Sl. CHa4ana 75-MM nywKY M4 onpo6oBan~ Ha cTapoM 6oM6apA~pOB14~Ke B-18A ~ y6eA~ n~Cb, 4TO MaW~Ha np~MepHo Tex >Ke pa3MepoB ~ Beca, 4TO ~ B-25, cnoco6Ha HeCT~ ee 6e3 cy14eCTBeHHoro YXYAweH~Sl n~nOTa>KHbIX xapaKTeP~CT~K ~ He pa3Ban~BaeTCSl np~ CTpenb6e. 3aTeM M4, BeCI-1BWYIO OKono 400 Kr ~ ~MeBwylO An~HY 3,36 M, CMOHT~poBan~ Ha B-25C-1. OHa CTOSlna nOA nonOM n~oTcKoi1 Ka6~Hbl co CAB~roM KneBoMy 6opry. 4T06bl ee CToon Bblcrynan Hapy>KY np~ 38MKe, BblxOA~BweM K Mecry wrypMaHa, HOCOBylO 4aCTb C8MoneTa YKopOT~n~. H~KaKoro OCTeKneH~Sl B HOCy Tenepb He 6blno. WrypMaH pa60ran KaK 3apSl>KalO14~i1. CHa4ana CAenan~ MexaH~3M nonyaBToMaT~4ecKoi1 nOAa4~, HO OH OKa3anCSl cn~WKOM rpoM03,Q~M, TSl>KenbIM ~ HeAOCTaT04HO HaAe>KHbIM. n03TOMY nepewn~ K 3an~BaTb 06W~BKY ~
75-MM nYWKa M4 e 6oeeoM nOnOJKeHUU (o6meKamenb cmeona omKpblm)
8
«ABHaKOMeKUlUI» NQ 2'2003
Ha 3aBOAe ~3roTOB~n~ HOBylO HOCOBylO 4aCTb caMoneTa. Ee BblBe3nl'l Ha nOnl'lroH 1'1 ~cnbITa n~, CTpenSlSl 3apSlAaM~ pa3Horo Beca. nopOXOBOi1 3apSlA npl'l 3TOM nOCTOSlHHO YBen~4~Ban~. no Mepe BbISlBneH~Sl AeepopMal..\~i1 COOTBeTCTBy1014~e MeCTa yc~n~Ban~Cb. 3aTeM nOCTpo~n~ y>Ke HaCTOSl14~i1 C8MoneT, nonyY~Bw~i1 0603H84eH~e XB-25G. B AononHeH~e K nywKe B ero HOCOBOi1 4aCT~ nOCTaB~~ ABa 12,7-MM nyneMeTa (c 38naCOM no 400 naTpoHoB). OHI'I npeAHa3H84an~CbAnSl nOAaBneH~Sl3eH~THbIX cpeACTB, a TaK>Ke AnSl np~CTpen~: KorAa TPaccbl nyneMeTHblx 04epeAei1 yn~pan~Cb B M~weHb, n~ nOT AOn>KeH 6bln Ha>KaTb raweTKY nywK~. nepBble ABa noneTa XB-25G COCTOSln~Cb 22 OKTSl6pSl 1942 r. B H~X onP060Ban~ n~OTa>KHble Ka4eCTBa C8MoneTa ~ nonblTan~Cb 38pSl>KaTb nywKY B BOJAYXe. Ha cne,QYI014~i1 AeHb CAenan~ nepBble Bblcrpenbl. CaMoneT np~ crpenb6e pe3Ko AepranCSl, KaK 6bl Ha AonlO eeKYHAbl OCTaHaBn~BaSlCb BB03,Qyxe. Ho He pa3Ban~BanCSl, XOTSl ~3 06W~B~ B6n~3~ OT AynbHoro cpe38 nyw~ nOBblneTan~ 38KnenK~. n03,QHee Ha eep~i1Hblx MaW~Hax Ha4an~ CTaB~Tb nywK~ C HeMHoro YAn~HeHHbIM CToonOM, ~ 3TOT Henp~SlTHbli1 3KHylO Kapon~HY, rAe Ha epnoTcKoM non~roHe ero ycnewHo onpo6oBan~ B cTpenb6e no HaABOAHblM l..\enSlM. 3a 3T~M nocneAOBan 3aKa3 Ha nepeAenKy nOAo6HbiM o6pa30M nSlT~ B-25C-15 AnSl BOi1CKOBbIX ~cnbITaH~i1. B KOHe4HOM C4eTe 6blnO np~HSlTo peweH~e o BblnycKe cep~~ ~3 200 B-25G B C4eT nocneA-
B-25G e noneme Had IOJKHOU KanuC/>opHueu
B-2SG-1
HI-1X CaMOneTOB 3aKa3a NA-96 (B-25C-20). WTYPMOBI-1KI-1 c061-1panl-1 B li1HrflBYAe C Ma5l no CeHT5l6pb 1943 r. Cepl-1i1Hble MaWI-1Hbl Hecnl-1 yCl-1neHHylO 6poHe38~I-1TY. nnl-1Ta TOn~I-1Hoi1 B nOflAlOi1Ma npl-1KpblBafla nl-11l0TCKylO Ka61-1Hy cnepeAl-1. neBOro nl-1nOTa 38KpblBafl TalOKe AOnOnHI-1Te1lbHbli1 6poHeBOi1n1-1CT, KpenI-1BWI-1i1C5l 6omaMI-1 Ha 60PTY Ka61-1Hbl. 060l-1x nl-1nOTOB 3a~l-1~anl-1 e~e 6poHeCnl-1HKI-1 Cl-1AeHI-1i1. TaKYIO >Ke Cnl-1HKY CAe1lanl-1 wTypMaHy. nl-1CTaMI-1 6POHI-1 yKpblfll-1 1-1 YK1laAKY co CHap5lAaMI-1. 3Kl-1na>K C8MoneTa COCT05ln 1-13 n5lTI-1 'lenOBeK: AByX nl-1nOTOB, WTypMaHa-3ap5l>KalO~ero 1-1 AByX CTpenKOB. WTYPMOBI-1K B-25G-1 I-1Me1l npl-1MepHO TaKoi1 >Ke B31leTHbli1 sec, 'lT0 1-1 6a30Bbli1 B-25C-20, HO 6blJl HeMHoro TI-1XOXD,QHee. nepBble 221 C8M01leT co6panl-1 C o60poHI-1Te1lbHbIM Boopy>t<eHl-1eM 1-13 BepxHei1 1-1 Hl-1>KHei1 TYpenei1 co cnapeHHblMI-1 nyneMeTaMl-1, HO n03,QHee OT BbIABI-1>KHOi1 YCTaHOBKI-1 OTKa381lI-1Cb. nOCKOnbKY WTYPMOBI-1K1-1 Aei1CTBOBaflI-1 BOCHOBHOM C ManblX BblCOT, TO I-1CTpe6I-1Te1l1-1 npOTl-1BHI-1Ka CHI-13y Ha HI-1X He 38XD,Ql-1nl-1. KpoMe TOro, Ha npI-1MI-1T1-1BHblX rpyHToBblX aapOAPOMax nepl-1CKOnl-1'leCKl-1e npl-1l..\e1lbl Ha B31leTe 386paCbIBaflI-1Cb rp5l3blO, a npo-
TepeTb Hapy>tKHO. Cepl-1l-1 G-5 1-1 G-10 I-1Me1l1-1 o6opoHI-1Te1lbHoe BOopy>t<eHl-1e no TI-1ny B-250-30 - CKOpMOBOi1 1-1 6opTOBblMI-1 YCTaHOBKaMI-1. nOCKOnbKY l..\enei1, AOCTOi1HbIX 75-MM CHap5lAa, BCe-TaKl-1 HaxD,QI-11lOCb HeMHoro, TO Ha eppoHTe nywKY I-1HorAa CHI-1Manl-1, 38MeH5l5l ee e~e OAHOi1 napoi1 12,7-MM nyneMeToB. nOA06HylO nepeAe1lKY npoBD,Ql-1nl-1 1-1 B oepl-11..\I-1anbHOM nOp5lAKe. ABl-1apeM0038 B layHCBl-11lne C H05l6p5l 1943 r. Aopa60Tana TaK 82 C8MoneTa. KpoMe 1-13MeHeHI-15l BOOpy>t<eHI-15l cnepeAl-1, Ha HI-1X MOHTI-1POBaflI-1 napy HenD,QBl-1>KHblX 7,62-MM nyneMeToB B XBOCTOBOM KOHyce. ABa B-25G 6blnl-1 OmpaB1leHbl BAHrfll-1lO. TaM I-1X I-1CnblTanl-1 1-1 npl-1wnl-1 K BblBOAY, 'ITO A115l BOi1Hbl B EBpone OHI-1 Henpl-1roAHbl. OKono AeC5lTKa MaWI-1H nocTynl-1no B COBeTCKI-1i1 COI03. C aBrycTa 1943 r. Ha'lanl-1 BblnycKaTb HOBylO WTypMOBylO MOAl-1epl-1Ka1..\1-11O - B-25H. Pewl-1nl-1, 'ITO Ha WTypMoBI-1Ke BTOPOi1 nl-1nOT HI-1 K 'leMy, noaToMy OCTaBl-1nl-1 TonbKO OAHO nl-1nOTCKOe MeCTO -neBoe. Ho 'lneHOB aKl-1na>Ka nO-npe>KHeMy HaC'lI-1TbIBanOCb n5lTb. A06aBl-1nc5l 60pTMeXaHI-1K-CTpenOK. 3TO 6blno CB5l3aHO C 1-13MeHeHl-1eM COCTaBa 060pOHI-1TenbHoro Boopy>t<eHI-15l.
OT I-1CnOnb30BaHI-15l HI-1>KHei1 Typenl-1 OKOH'laTe1lbHO OTKa381lI-1Cb. B KOpMOBOi1 TO'lKe 'pa3MeCTl-1nl-1 cnapeHHylO YCTaHOBKY 6eJln M-7. ABa 12,7-MM nyneMeTa B Hei1 1-1Men1-1 6oe3anac no 600 naTpoHOB Ha CTBon. ABa nyneMeTa (c TaKl-1M >Ke 6oe3anacoM) CT05lnl-1 BOKHax Ha npaBOM 1-1 neBOM 6opTax. BepXHlO1O TYpenb CABI-1Hynl-1 BnepeA, CMOHTI-1POBaB ee 3a Ka61-1Hoi1 nl-1nOTOB. HenOABI-1>KHoe BOOpy>t<eHl-1e B HOCOBOi1 'laCTI-1 C8MoneTa 3Ha'll-1Te1lbHO YCl-1nl-1nl-1. OCHOBHblM opy>tKHeMy 5lB1l5lnaCb 75-MM nywKa, HO 60nee cOBpeMeHHOi1, 06neNeHHoi1 MOAenl-1 - T13E 1. HaA Hei1 pa3Me~an1-1CbABe napbl12,7-MM nyneMeTOB, e~e ABa TaKI-1X >Ke CT05lnl-1 B KOPOOOX no npaBoMy 6opTY nl-1noTcKoi1 Ka61-1Hbl (60e3anac - no 400 naTpoHOB). B 06~ei1 C1l0>KHOCTI-1 B-25H Hec 12 KpynHOKanl-16epHblx nyneMeTOB. B AononHeHl-1e K CTpenKoBOMy Boopy>t<eHI-1IO C8MoneT Mor HeCTI-1 AO 1450 Kr 60M6 B 6oM6ooTceKe I-1nl-1 TOpneAY nOA epI03en5l>KeM. nOA KOHCOn5lMI-1 npeAycMoTpenl-1 nOABeCKy BOCbMI-1 5-AIOMOBbIX paKeT HVAR. B-25H KOMnneKTOBanl-1Cb ABl-1raTen5lMI-1 R-2600-131-1 R-2600-29 MaKCI-1ManbHoi1 MO~HO CTblO 1700 n.c. 3a C'leT Boopy>t<eHI-15l caMoneTbl Tl-1na H CTanl-1 nO'lTI-1 Ha TOHHy T5l>Kenee B-25G. 3TO OTpa31-1nOCb Ha I-1X neTHblX AaHHblX. CKOPOCTb YMeHbwl-1nacb Ha 10-12 KM/'l, npl-1MepHO Ha 150 M - npaKTI-1'leCKI-1i1 nOTOnOK, AanbHOCTb noneTa - rAe-TO Ha 300 KM. nepBbli1 cepl-1i1Hbli1 B-25H nOAH5lnC5l B B03AYX 31 I-1lOn5l 1943 r., a B epeBpane cneAYIO~ero roAa MaWI-1Hbl aTOro Tl-1na Ha'lanl-1 nocTynaTb Ha
Buo Ha HOCOSylO '1aCmb B-2SH. Xopowo suoeH cmson 7S-MM nywKu T13E1
nyneMembl S HOCy B-2SH. KpblwKa opyJKeUH020 omceKa omKUHyma ssepx
"ABHaKOMeKUHH"
NQ 2'2003
9
Y WTypMoBIo1Ka 4101CJlO KpynHOKaJllo16epHbix
B-25H
CTBOJlOB AOXOAIo1JlO AO 18. 3KIo1nalK COCTOSlJl 1013 nSlTIo1 4eJlOBeK -
OTcyrcTBOBaJl 60M6aPAIo1P.
B o6olo1x Baplo1aHTax CaMOJleT Hec HeMaIlO 6pOHIo1. KpecJla o6olo1x nlo1JlOTOB Io1MeJlIo1 6pOHecnlo1HKIo1. nJlIo1Ta TOJl~Io1HOH B nOJlAIOHMa CTosma 3a nplo16opHOH AOCKOH 101 e~e OAHa -
nOA KO-
3blpbKOM Ka6101Hbi. ABa JlIo1CTa 6POHIo1 Kpenlo1JlIo1Cb cHapYlKIo1 no 6opTaM. npeAycMaTplo1BaJlaCb 3a~Io1Ta
AllSl Bcex CTpeJlKoB.
q>pOHT. B nOJleBblX YCJlOBIo1SlX nywKy C HIo1X, TaK lKe KaK C B-25G, 4aCTeHbKO CH 101 MaJlIo1 , 3aMeHSlSl e~e OAHOH napOH nYJleMeTOB.
C ceplo1lo1 H-5 JlIo1KBIo1Alo1poBaJlIo1 nOABecKy TSllKeJlblX 60M6 (Kall1016poM 60JlbWe 454 Kr), 3aTO AD6aBIo1JlIo1 e~e ABa HapYlKHblx nyJleMeTa Ha JleBOM 6opry. Bcero BblnycTIo1JlIo1 pOBHO 1000 B-25H.
C~eCTBOBan 3Kcneplo1MeHTallbHblH eaplo1aHT B-25H C paKeTHOH YCTaHoBKoH «CeHTep .Q>Ken>. OHa Io1MeJla BMeCTO nywKIo1 ABe nYCKoBblX Tpy6bl, 3apSllKaeMblX 1013HYTplo1 caMOJleTa wrypMaHoM. YCTaHoBKa npOXOAIo1Jla Io1cnblTaHIo1Sl, HO He 6blJla nplo1HSlTa Ha BOOPYlKeHlo1e. AnSl B-25H 1013roTOBIo1Jllo1 TaKlKe nQAq>I03eIlSllKHbIH KOHTeHHep, BMe~BwIo1H ABe 37-MM aBTOMaTIo14eCKIo1e nywKIo1 101 200 cHapSlAoB K HIo1M. KOHTeHHep onp060BanIo1 Ha eeplo1HHoM B-25C, HO ero BHeApeHlo1e C04JlIo1 HelleJlecoo6pa3HblM. «Xap-
BeCT M3WIo1H KOMnaHlo1ll C03,Qalla AllSl B-25 e~e OAI'1H rnn
MHOrOOaPSlAHOO paKeTHOH ycraHoBKlol.
B
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nepeblU cepUUHblU B-25H nepeo o6nemoM
BanIo1Cb ABe paKeTHblX YCTaHoBKIol. 3Ta KOHCTpyKIlIo1Sl TaKlKe OCTallaCb 4101CTO 3Kcneplo1MeHTallbHoH. JaTo B nOJleBblX YCJlOBIo1SlX BOOPYlKeHlo1e WrypMDBIo1KOB Io1HorAa y~Io1BanIo1 CBSl3KaMIo1 (no Tplo1 wryKIol) nYCKOBblX Tpy6 AJlSl HeynpaBJlSleMblX paKeT M8 (KallIo16pOM 4,5 AIOHMa). nOA Ka)KAOH KOHCOJlblO caMOJleT Hec no TaKoH CBSl3Ke. nplo1 3TOM 3a C4eT yeenlo14eHIo1Sl a3PQAIo1HaMIo14eCKoro conpornBJleHIo1Sl CKOpoCTb MaWIo1Hbl C paKeTHoH nOABecKoH naAalla nplo1MepHo Ha 10 KM/4. Bee WrypMOBIo1K1ol co6101palllo1 B lI1HrllBYAe. B KaH3aC-Clo1rn OT MOAIo1q>Io1Kalllo1lo1 0 nepewJlIo1 K 6oM6apAIo1POB~Io1KY B-25J, CTaBweMy caMblM MaCCOBblM
(101 nOClleAHIo1M) eaplo1aHTOM «MIo1T4eJlJlall. nepBble
caMOJleTbl 3TOro rnna BblWJlIo1 1013 lleXOB B AeKa6pe 1943 r., a K Mapry CJleAYIO~ero rQAa OHIo1 nOJlHOC-
Ha wmypMoeuKax y nunoma cmaeunCR npuLjen A-1 onR 6oM6oMemaHuR C ManblX eblcom
10
«ABHaKOMeKUHSlll
N2 2'2003
Ha B-25H Mecmo emopo2o nunoma omcymcmeoeano
TbIO BblTecH101Jl1o1 B npolo13BOACTBe B-250. Y HOBOH
B XOAe cePIo1HHOro npolo13BOACTea B-25J nOCTD-
MOAIo1q>Io1Kalllo1lo1 HOCOBaSl eeKllIo1Sl C Ka6101HoH 6oM6ap-
SlHHO COBepweHCTBOBaJlCSl, HO B 60JlbWIo1HCTBe
Alo1pa JlerKO CHIo1MallaCb 101 3aMeHSlJlaCb allbTepHa-
CJlY4aeB 3TO KacaJlOCb o6opYAoeaHIo1Sl 101 BOOpy-
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13
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no OAHOMy C Ka>KAOra
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14
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17
A-8B. Ha B-25J CTORIlI1 neroYHble aBTOMaTbl A-1211nl1 A-13 CMaCKaMI1 A-911nl1 A-10. TaKl1x MaCOK I1MenOCb weCTb (no Yl1cny yneHOB 3Kl1na>Ka). npOTI1B006neAeHI1TenbHOe 060pYAOBaHI1e BKnIOYBnO nHeBMaTl1yeCKI1e aHTI106neAeHI1Tenl1 «rYAPI1Y» Ha nepeAHI1X KPOMKax KPbllla, CTa611n1138Topa 11 KI1nei1. nonaCTl1 BI1HTOB OMblBanI1Cb cnl1pTOBOi1 CMeCbIO, nOAaBaeMoi13neKTpl1YecKl1M HaccCOM 113 6aYKa eMKOCTblO 17 n, pacnonaraBwelOCSl B npaBOi1 MOTOroHAOne. C ceP1111 C-1 BBenI1 OMblBaHl1e TaKoi1 >Ke CMeCbIO no6oBblx CTeKon nI1nOTCKOi1 Ka611Hbl, npl1l\enbHoro OKHa y 6oM6aPAl1pa 11 B03Ayx03a60pHI1Ka Kap6lOpaTopa. n03AHee Ha OKHe y 6oM6aPAl1pa yCTpoi1CTBO Ans:l OMblBaHI1Sl CHRIlI1, 38MeHI1B ero aneKTPI1YeCKI1M «ABOPHI1KOM». YnpasneHl1e caMoneTOM ABOi1Hoe, ocYU1eCTBns:lnOCb wrypBanaMl111 neABns:lMI1. 5oM6aPAI1POBU1I1K I1Men npl160pHoe 060pYAoBaHl1e, 06ecneYl1BaBWee noneTbl scnenylO, BKnlOYaSl aBTOMaTl1yeCKI1i1 PBAI10KOMnac SCR-296A (Ha n03,QHI1X cepl1s:lX - SCR-296G). Ero paMOYHaSl aHTeHHa B KanneBI1AHOM 06TeKaTene YCTaHaBnl1Banacb HaA Q:l103enSl>KeM (y MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\l1i1 A, B, C, 0 11 G) I1nl1 nOA HI1M (y Tl1nOB J 11 H). MaWI1Ha OCHaU1anaCb aBTOnl1nOTOM: Ha paHHI1X MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\l1s:1X - rliIApaBnl1yeCKI1M Cneppl1 A-3, Ha B-25J - 3neKTpl1yeCKI1M A>!<eK-rei1HTl\ A-3A, OTnl1yaBWI1MCs:I nyYWI1M 6blcTpoAei1CTBl1eM 11 YBs:l3aHHbIM C rI1poCTa611nl1311pOBaHHbiM 6oM60BbiM npl1l\enoM. Ha C8MoneTe 6blll0 ABe paAI10CTaHl\I1I1. OcHOBHas:l, Ans:l CBSl311 C 3eMnei1, HaXOAl1naCb y CTpenKa-paAI1CTa. Ha B-25A 11 B-25B yCTaHaBnl1BanaCb CTaHl\I1s:1 SCR-AL-183, Ha Bcex 60nee n03AHI1X MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\l1s:1X - SCR-274N. BTOpas:l paAI10CTaHl\I1Sl, nOMeHbwe, CTOSlBWas:l B nl1nOTCKOi1 Ka611He, cny>Kl1na Ans:l CBs:l311 Me>KAY C8MOneTaMI1 B rpynne. Ii1Menocb TaK>Ke C8MoneTHoe neperOBopHoe yCTpOi1CTBO. 6pOHe3aU1I1Ta (BBeAeHH8Sl C MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\1111 B-25A) BKnIOY8n8 6POHecnl1HKI1 y nl1nOTOB (TOllU1I1HOi1 9,6 MM, nepBOHaYBnbHO CTaBI1n8Cb TOnbKO KOMaHAl1py C8MoneTa) 11 nnl1Tbl y 6oM6aPAI1P8 BepTI1K8nbHYlO TOnU1I1Hoi1 9,6 MM 11 ropl130HTanbHylO (Ha nony) TOnU1I1Hoi110,2 MM. CTpenKOB npl1KpblBBna C3BAI1 cnnOWH8s:1 CT8nbH8s:1 neperopoAKa B Q:l103ens:l>Ke TOnU1I1Hoi1 9 MM. B Hei1I1Men8cb ABepb AnSl npOXOAa B XBOCTOBOi1 OTceK. Ha MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\l1s:1X G 11 H CTaBI1n8Cb AOnOnHI1TenbH8s:1 Hapy>KH8s:1 nnl1T8 C neBoro 60PT8 nOA OCTeKne-
8epXHRR mypenb Ha 8-258 Hl1eM nl1noTcKoi1 K8611Hbl, Ha Tl1ne J - TaKl1e >Ke nnl1Tbl no 06eI1M 60pT8M. Ha WryPMOBI1K8X 6poHeCnl1HKa MOHTI1pOB8naCb 11 H8 Kpecne wTypMaHa-3aps:l>K81OU1ero, YCT8HaBnl1BanaCb 6poHeB8s:1 nnl1Ta nepeA Ka611Hoi1 nl1nOTOB, 3aU1I1U18naCb YKnBAK8 C 75-MM cHapM8MI1. Ha MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\1111 J ABe AOnOnHI1TenbHblX 6pOHennl1Tbi p8cnon8rBnI1Cb nepeA npl160pHoi1 AOCKOi1. CTpenKOBOe Boopy>t<eHl1e 38Bl1ceno OT MOAI1Q:lI1Kal\1111 caMoneTa. Ha H81160nee pacnpoCTpaHeHHbIX B nepBbli1 nepl10A BOi1Hbl M8WI1HaX paHHI1X eePI1i1 MOAHQ:lI1K8l\11i1 C 11 0 YCT8H8Bnl1BanCs:l OAI1H 7,62-MM nyneMeT B «s:l6noKe» y 6oM6aPAl1pa (c 38n8COM 600 naTpoHOB). npl13TOM YCT8H01'1(}YHbIX rHe3A I1MenOCb Tpl1, 8 caM nyneMeT Mor 6blCTpo nepe6paCblBaTbCs:I 113 OAHOro B APyroe, YTO CYU1eCTBeHHO pacWI1PRIlO none 06CTpen8. H8 caMoneTe TaK>Ke MaHTI1poBanI1 BepXHlO1O TYp6nb 6eHAI1KC A-5 11 HI1)f(HIOIO BbIABI1>KHYIO 6eHAI1KC A-4. B K8>KA0i1113 HI1X H8XOAI1nl1Cb no ABa 12,7-MM nyneMeT8 C60e38nacoM no 400 naTpoHoB H8 CTBOn. Bp8U1eHl1e 6aweH, nOAbeM 11 onYCK8HI1e CTBOnOB OCYU1eCTBnSlnl1Cb 3neKTpOnp11BOAoM. HI1>KHs:Is:I Typenb BblABl1ranaCb 11 y6I1panaCb BpyYHYIO. n03,QHee BHeApl1nl1 ycoBepweHCTBoBaHHble rypenl1 Tl1nOB A-9 (BepxHIOIO) 11 A-1 0 (HI1>KHIOIO), BHeWHe He OTnl1yaB-
HWKHRR mypenb 6eHOUKC A-4
18
«ABHaKOMeKUHll»
NQ 2'2003
Wl1ecSl OT CTapblX. Ha n03,QHI1X cepl1SlX 6oM6aPAI1poBU1I1KOB AOnOnHI1TenbHO YCT8H8snl1BanCs:l HenOABI1>KHbli1 12,7-MM nyneMeT C s:lU1I1KOM Ha 300 naTpoHoB B nepeAHei1 K8611He, 8 7,62-MM nyneMeT B W8poBOM rHe3,Qe 38MeHl1nl1 Ha KPynHOKBnI16epHbli1 (c 38naCOM B 300 naTpoHoB). npl1 3TOM noABI1>KHOi1 nyneMeT npl1 He06xCl,QI-lMOCTI1 Mar Q:lI1KCI1poBaTbCs:!, 11 CTpenb6y 113 Hero Ben nI1nOT. Ha cepl1s:1X 0-30 H 0-35 11 nocneAYIOU1l1x MoAI1Q:lI1Kal\I1SlX HI1>KHIOIO rypenb nI1KBl1Al1poBanI1. Ho Ao6aBl1nl1 BTOPOi1 HenOABI1>KHbli1 nyneMeT cnepeAI1 (npl1yeM 6oe38n8c o60l1x Aosenl1 AO 400 naTpoHOB), BBenl1 6opTOBbie YCT8HOBKI1 12,7-MM nyneMeTOB B OKH8X 3a KPblnOM (c 3anaCOM no 250 n8TpoHoB) 11 KOpMOBylO wKBopHeBylO yCTaHoBKY (TO>Ke C 12,7-MM nyneMeToM, 400 naTpoHoB). AOnOnHI1TenbHO MOrnl1 MOHTI1POBaTbCs:I YeTbIpe HenOABI1>KHblX nyneMeTa B KOHTei1Hep8x no 60pTaM (nonapHo CK8>KAOi1 CTopoHbI). Ii1x naTpoHHble s:lU1I1KI1 (H8 400 naTpoHoB AnSI K8>KAOCO) CTaBl1nl1Cb BHYTPI1 ca MoneTa, B Ka611He WTypM8Ha. M8WI1Hbi Tl1na B-25J 06blYHO KOMnneKTOBanl1Cb OAHI1M HenOABI1>KHbIM nyneMeTOM cnepeAI1 (c s:lU1I1KOM H8 400 naTpoHOB) 14 cn8peHHoi1 KDpMOBOi1 yCT8HOBK0i1 ep..,PMbl «6enn» (c 38nacoM no 600 naTpoHoB H8 nyneMeT). Ha 3T0i1 MOAI1Q:lI1Ka-
a nOXOOHOM (cneaa) U 60eaOM (cnpaaa) nOnOJKeHURX
1..\a.1a.1 BepXHlO1O 6aWHIO A-9 nepeHeCIla.1 Bnepe,Q a.1 pacnono>tt<e BBena.1 Hapy>ttt<eHHblH no OCa.1 caMoneTa YCa.1neHHbIH Aep>tKe MeXaHa.13Mbl TypeneH, 3aTBOPbl nyneMeTOB. OTX~ARU1a.1e ra3bl neya.1 a.1CnOnb30Bana.1Cb AnR o6orpeBa Kap6lOpaTopoB. K03blpeK na.1nOTCKOH Ka6a.1Hbl a.1 nepeAHee CTeKno y 6oM6aPAa.1pa o6AYBana.1Cb TennblM B03AYXOM OT 3neKTpa.1yeCKOH B03AYXOAYBKa.1. C nOMOU1blO ra.16Ka.1X wnaHroB neTYa.1Ka.1 MOrna.1 onaRTb a.1 nlO6oe APyroe OKHO B na.1nOTCKOH Ka6a.1He. npeAycMaTpa.1BanCR 3neKTpoo6orpeB KOM6a.1He30HOB 3Ka.1na>ttt
nOdeeCKa 908-K2 60M6bl M34 e 6oM6oomceK. Cnpaea eeepxy eudHa CbeMHaR ne6edKa 3KCnnYATAU~~ ~
Halfano nepBoH cTpoeBoH YaCTblO, nonYYa.1BWeH B-25, CTana 17-R 50M6apAa.1pOBOYHaR rpynna (nonK). OHa pacnonaranaCb Ha 5a3e MaK-YoPAqmnA. HOBbie caMoneTbl CTana.1 nocTynaTb TYAa Cq,eBpanR 1941 r., CMeHRR cTapble 60M5apAa.1POBl1\a.1Ka.1 B-18. CHayana npa.16bln Bcero 0Aa.1H B-25, yeTBepTblH Cepa.1HHbIH 3K3eMnnRp, eU1e C npRMblM KpblnOM. B MapTe Ao6aBa.1naCb el1\e OAHa MaWa.1Ha, nRTaR no CYeTy. K KOHl..\y MaR 34-R 3CKa,Qpa.1nbR pacnonarana weCTblO HOBblMa.1 60M6apAa.1pOBU1a.1KaMa.1, Ha KOTOpblX npOBOAa.1nOCb nepeYYa.1BaHa.1e 3Ka.1na>t<eH. KKOHI..\Y eeHTR6pR rpynny nonHOCTblO yKoMnneKTOaana.1 HOBOH TeXHa.1KoH. YeTblpe ee 3CKa,Qpl-lnba.1 (Tpa.1 6oM5aPAa.1poB04Hble a.1 OAHa pa3Be,QbIBaTenbHaR) a.1Mena.1 no 13 MaWa.1H Ka>KAaR nnlOc Tpa.1 y WTa5a rpynnbl. Bee 3TO 6blna.1 B-25, B-25A a.1na.1 B-25B. K 3TOMy BpeMeHa.1 rpynna 6a3a.1pOBanacb Ha a3poAPoMe y ropoAKa neHAnTOH B WTaTe OperoH. B oKTR6pe 1941 r. BBC apMa.1a.1 CWA pacno-
60EBOE
np~MEHEH~E
narana.1 B 06l1\eH cno>tt<eHbl COBpeMeHHbIMa.1 MaWa.1HaMa.1: OAHa - B-25, APyraR - KOHKypa.1pylOl1\a.1Ma.1 C Ha.1Ma.1 B-26. Bce OCTanbHble neTana.1 Ha CTapblX B-18 a.1 B-23. nocne HanaABHa.1R RnOHl..\eB Ha nepn-Xap6op 17-10 rpynny npa.1BneKna.1 K naTpyna.1pOBaHa.11O 3anaAHoro no6epe>t
ttt<e nepeBoopy>t<eHHble Ha B-25. Cq,OpMa.1pOBana.1 a.1 eU1e ABe HOBblX rpynnbl Ha «Ma.1Tyennax» - 309-10 a.1 334-10, HO OHa.1 q,yH-
KI..\a.10Ha.1pOBana.1 KaK yye6Hbie nOnKa.1, o5ecneya.1BalOU1a.1e nOAroToBIleHHbIMa.1 3Ka.1na>ttt<e caMoe G,Qenana.1 B 1943 r. C21-H.
PeHA nOAnonKOBHMKa ,QynMTTna OAHOH a.13 caMblX RpKa.1X CTpaHa.11..\ 6oeBoro npa.1MeHeHa.1R B-25 CTan HaneT rpynnbl aMepa.1KaHCKa.1X caMoneTOB Ha I..\em'; B 5'1nOHa.1a.1 B anpene 1942 r. B Aetib P0>KAeHa.1R npe3a.1AeHTa Py3BenbTa RnOHCKaR nOABOAHaR nOAKa BCnnblna HeAaneKO OT CaH-¢paHI..\a.1CKO a.1 OTCTpenRnaCb no nacweMycR Ha 6epery cTaAY KOpOB. AMepa.1KaHCKa.1e BoeHHble pewa.1na.1 CAenaTb OTBeTHblH «nOAapOK» KO AHIO p0>KAeHa.1R a.1MnepaTOpa. 111M Aon>t NQ 2'2003
19
Pa3pa6aTbiBaIlOCb HeCKOIlbKO BaplilaHTOB nIlaHa Onepal..\liIliI C IiICnOIlb30BaHlileM caMoIleTOB pa3IlIiIYHblX TlilnOB. Bbl6paIlIiI «MIiITyeIlI1». rpynna 6oM6aPAlilpoBl1.\IiIKOB AOIlJKHa 6blIla B3IleTeTb HoYblO C naIly6bl aBlilaHOCl..\a B 500 MIiIIlSlX OT no6epeJKbSl TlnoH1iI1iI1iI paHo YTPOM C6POCIiITb 60M6bl Ha l..\eIlIiI B TOKIiIO, ~oKoraMe, OcaKe iii Ko6e. nOGaAKa npeAnoIlaranacb B rny61i1He TepplilToplil1il KIiITaSl, B MeCTax, el1.\e He oKKynlilpOBaHHblX SlnOHl..\aMIiI. KOMaHAlilpOM rpynnbl, KOTOpolil npeACTOSlIlO BblnOIlHIiITb 3aAaHlile. Ha3HaYIiIIlIiI nOAnOIlKOBHIiIKa .QJK. .QYIlIiITTIla, B npOWIlOM 1i13BecTHoro IleTYIiIKa-CnopTCMeHa. 3KlilnaJKIiI iii Ha3eMHbilil COCTaB nOAo6paIlIiI 1i13 17 -iii 6oM6apAlilpOBOYHOIiI rpynnbl. Bce OHIiI 6blIlIiI Ao6pOBOIlbl..\aMIiI . .QnSl pelilAa nOAroToBIiIIlIiI 24 caMoIleTa Tlilna B-25B. MawliIHbl MaKCIiIManbHO 06rJerYliIIlliI. CHSlIlIiI HIiIJKHlile TYpeIlliIliI OCHOBHble PaAIiIOCTaHI..\IiIIiI. 6oe3anac AIlSl nYIleMeTOB ype3anlil AO npeAeIla. Ha Bee yCTaHoBKIiI OCTanOCb 800 naTpOHOB. CeKpeTHble 6oM6oBbie nplill..\eIlbl «HoPAeH» AeMoHTlilpoBanlil, 3aMeHIiIB 60Ilee npoCTblMliI, HO BnOIlHe nplilroAHblMIiI AIlSl 6oM6oMeTaHIiISl C MaIlblX BbICOT. 3aTO 3HaYIiITeIlbHO YBeIlIiIYIiIIlIiI 3anac roplOyero . .QonoIlHIiITeIlbHble 6aKIiI paCnOIlOJKIiIIlIiI B 60M6oOTeeKe, B npoXOAe HaA HIiIM, Ha MeCTe, oCBo6oAIiIBweMCSl OT HIiIJKHelil TypeIlIiI. BAo6aBoK B3SlIlIiI no AeCSlTb KaHlilcTp AIlSl AOIlIilBa 6aKOB B nOIleTe. 3aKOHI..\OBKIiI KpblIlbeB ype3aIlIiI -
IiIHaye Ha
B3IleTe 6oM6apAlilpOBl1.\IiIKIiI 3al..\enlilIlIiI 6bl HaA-
Ilynummn U KOMaHoup asuaHoc4a Mumwep uHcmpyKmupylOm nemHblu cocmas nepeo SbtnemOM
cTpolilKy aBlilaHOCl..\a. 6oM6oBaSl Harpy3Ka KaJKAolil MaWIiIHbl CKIlaAblBaIlaCb 1i13 yeTblpex
nocaAKax IiIIlIiI 3aToHyIlIiI B IOJKHo-KIiITalilcKoM Mope. OAIiIH 60M6apAlilpOBl1.\IiIK ceIl Ha aapOAPOM YHaWIiI nOA BIlaAIiIBOCTOKOM. 111380 yeIlOBeK IleTHoro cocTaBa, yYaCTBOBaBwero B pelilAe, Tpoe norlil6IlIiI, ceMepo 6blIlIiI paHeHbl, BoceMb nonaIlIiI B nIleH K SlnOHl..\aM (1iI3 HIiIX BblJKIiIIlIiI TOIlbKO YeTBepo). OCTaIlbHblM nOCTeneHHO YAaIlocb BepHYTbcSl AOMOIiI . .QYIlIiITTIl «CKaKHyIl» 1i13 nOAnoIlKoBHIiIKOB cpa3y B reHepanbl.
MaHAlilpOM Kopa6IlSl, 'ITO eCIlIiI OH pa306beTCSl, «XopHeT» OTKaJKeTCSl OT BblnOIlHeHIiISl 3aAaHIiISl iii
8-258llynummna S3nemaem c nany6bl «XopHema»
Ha THXOM OKeaHe
Ha o. MIiIHAaHao, oTKYAa aTaKOBaIla aapoAPoM HIiIKoIlC-
nOBepHeT 06paTHO. Ho Bce npOWIlO YAaYHO, iii B
CaMoIleTbl rpynnbl .QYIlIiITTIla 6blIlIiI He nepBbl-
Becb 1942 r. aTIiI ABe aCKaAPIiIIlblil iii nplil6blB-
TeYeHlile yaca Bce 60M6apAlilpOBl1.\IiIKIiI B3IleTeIlIiI.
MIiI, nepeceKWIiIMIiI OKeaH. B MapTe 1942 r. B ABCT-
waSl B aBrycTe 38-Sl rpynna AelilcTBOBaIlIiI HaA
TlnOHl..\bl He OJKIiIAaIlIiI nOSlBIleHIiISl caMOIleTOB
paIllil10 nepe6pocIiIIlIiI 48 B-25C, npeAHa3HayaB-
HOBoliI rBIiIHee~ iii ee OKpeCTHOCTSlMIiI. «MIiITyeIl-
npOTIiIBHIiIKa. II1x 3eHIiITKIiI MOIlyaIlliI, IiICTpe6Ii1Te-
WIiIXCSl nepBOHayaIlbHO AIlSl BBC rOIlIlaHAcKoliI
Ilbl» OKa3aIlIiICb IlYYWe nplilcnoco6IleHHblMIiI K
Illil He nOAHSlIlIiICb B B03AYX. AMepliIKaHCKlile IleT-
OCT-II1HAIiIIiI. Ho nOYTIiI BCSl TepplilToplilSl nocneAHelil
HepOBHblM MeCTHblM aapOAPOMaM, yeM Kanplil3-
YIiIKIiI C6POCIiIIlIiI 60M6bl iii yWIlIiI B CTOpOHy KIiI-
YJKe 6blIla oKKYnlilpoBaHa SlnOHl..\aMIiI. AMepIiIKaH-
Hble B-26. noaToMy Ha HIiIX nepeBoopyJKIiIIlIiI el1.\e
TalilcKoro 6epera. Ho AaIlee OHIiI CTOIlKHYIlIiICb C
CKaSl 3-Sl 6oM6aPAlilpoBOYHaSl rpynna peKBIiI31i1po-
OAHy rpynny,
HeHaCTHoliI noroAoliI iii HeXBaTKoliI roplOyero.
BaIla AIOJKIiIHY «MIiITYeIlIlOB» iii nycTIiIIla ee B XOA,
aTIiIM, B IilIOHe 1943 r., Ha HOBylO rBIiIHelO nepe-
BOOpYJKIiIB IiIMIiI 13-10 iii 90-10 aCKaAplilIlblil.
BeIlIiI 345-10 rpynny.
C OAIiIHHaAl..\aTIiI caMOIleTOB aKlilnaJKIiI BbIHyJK-
22-10.
nOYTIiI oAHoBpeMeHHo C
AeHbl 6blIlIiI Bbl6poCIiITbCSl C napaWIOTaMIiI. LJe-
11 ceHTSl6pSl rpynna 1i13 Tpex B-17 iii AeCSlTIiI
Oco6eHHocTSlMIiI TlilxooKeaHcKoro TeaTpa SlB-
Tblpe MaWIiIHbl pa361i1IlIiICb nplil BblHYJKAeHHblX
B-25, cTapTOBaBwaSl 1i13 6plilc6aHa, nepeIleTeIla
IlSlIlIiICb 3HaYIiITeIlbHbie paccToSlHIiISl, OTcYTcTBlile
20
"ABHaKOMeKUHSI»
N2 2'2003
CnJlOWHoj;! JlI1HI1I1 eppOHTa 11 XOpOWO OpraHl130BaHHOj;! nBO, a TalOKe MHO>KeCTBO MeJlKI1X pa36pocaHHbix l..\eJlej;!. CaMOJleTbl 06bl4HO npl1MeHSlJlI1 60M6bl MaJlblX KaJll16pOB, 4acTO npl16eraJlI1 K 06CTpeJly 06beKTOB Ha 3eMJle nYJleMeTHblM orHeM. B-25 npl1BJleKaJlI1 K OXOTe 3a cYAaMI1 B Mope, Aej;!CTBI1SlM no aspOAPOMaM, B OCHOBHOM cocpeAOT04eHHbiM B OKpeCTHOCTSlX Pa6ayJla Ha O. HOBaSl 6pI1TaHI1Sl. B MapTe 1943 r. «MI1T4eJlJlbl» YAa4Ho aTaKOBaJll1 60JlbWOj;! KOHBOj;! B Mope 611CMapKa. TOJlbKO 3a OAI1H BblJleT 90-Sl SCKa,QPI1JlbSl Maj;!opa nspHepa AOCTl1rIla 17 npSlMblx nona,QaHI1j;!, CI1JlbHO nOBpeAI1B nSlTb TpaHcnopToB. CaMOJleTbl c6paCblBaJlI1 60M6bl C He60Jlbwoj;! BblCOTbl, npeABapl1TeJlbHO nOAaBJlSlSl 3eHl1THbie CpeACTBa nYJleMeTHblM orHeM. BTOpOj;! YAap TOj;! >Ke SCKa,QPI1Jlbl1 npl1BeJl K nOTOnJleHl11O OAHOro SCMI1Hl..\a 11 nOBpe>KAeHI1IO APYroro nJlIOC ABYX TpaHcnopToB. AMepl1KaHCKl1e 11 aBCTpaJlI1j;!cKl1e JleT4I1KI1 A0611BaJlI1 STOT KOHBOj;! B Te4eHl1e Tpex AHej;!, npaKTI14eCKl1 copBaB BblcaAKY SlnOHCKI1X BOj;!CK B nas. AKTI1BHO Aej;!CTBOBaJlI1 B-25 B 6l1pMe (HblHe MbSlHMa) 11 KI1Tae. B 6l1pMe OHI1 nOSlBI1JlI1Cb B I1IOHe 1942 r., CHa4aJla B COCTaBe ABYX SCKa,QPI1JlI1j;!. n03AHee OAHY 113 HI1X nepeBeJlI1 B KI1Taj;!, rAe OHa CTaJla COBepwaTb pe~bl Ha OKKYnl1pOBaHHYIO SlnOHl..\aMI1 Teppl1TOpl1lO, A06l1paSlCb nopoj;! AO Taj;!BaHSl. B3aMeH 113 CWA B 6l1pMY npl1CJlaJll1 eLlle ABe 3CKa,QpI1Jlbl1, CBeAeHHble B 341-10 rpynny. OCHOBHblMI1 l..\eJlSlMI1 AIlSl «MI1T4eJlJlOB» TaM SlBJlSlJlI1Cb nyrl1 cHa6>KeHI1Sl SlnOHCKI1X BOj;!CK. rpy3bl AOCTaBJlSlJlI1Cb K eppOHTy Ha rpY30Bl1KaX 11 MyJlaX, nJlblJlI1 Ha A>KOHKaX no MHOr04I1CJleHHbIM
Opy)/(eUHUK npoeocJum meXHU'IeCKOe o6cny)/(UeaHUe nyneMemoe Ha 8-25J, 500-R 60M6apcJupOeO'lHaR 3cKacJpunbR, O.nYCOH, UIOHb 1945 z.
peKaM. Ho OCHOBHOj;! TpaHcnopTHoj;! apTepl1ej;!
CpeAH3eMHOMopCKHM TeaTp
npOTI1BHI1Ka 6blJla OAHOKOJlej;!HaSl >KeJle3HaSl AO-
WTYPMOBI1KI1 B-25G 11 B-25H I1CnOJlb30BaJll1
pora, npoTSlHyraSl OT nopTa PaHryH. Ee CTpOI1JlI1
TalOKe AIlSl nOAAep>KKI1 AecaHTHblX onepal..\l1j;! Ha
CaMaSl nepBaSl 60M6apAl1pOB04HaSl rpynna,
TblCSl411 BOeHHOnJleHHbIX. Ha STOj;! Aopore, weA-
MapWaJlJlOBblX 11 KapOJlI1HCKI1X OCTpOBax 11 Ha
OmpaBJleHHaSl 113 CWA Ha eppOHT B nOJlHOM CO-
wej;! 4epe3 roPbl 11 A>KYHrIll1, HaC4I1TbIBaJlOCb 60-
OCTpOBax 611CMapKa.
CTaBe, nonaJla B CeBepHylO Act>PI1KY. 3TO 6blJla
Jlee 100 MOCTOB. nOcJle MHOrl1X HeYAa4 aMepl1-
«MI1T4eJlJlbl» Aej;!cTBOBaJlI1 npOTI1B SlnOHl..\eB
12-Sl rpynna, BKJl104aBWaSl 4eTbipe SCKaAPI1Jlbl1.
KaHl..\aM YAaJlOCb Bblpa60TaTb npl1eMJleMYIO TaK-
11 C AnSlCKI1. nepBble CaMOJleTbl STOro Tl1na npl1-
Ee nepe6pocl1Jll1 B Erl1neT B aBrycTe 1942 r.,
TI1KY I1X pa3pyweHI1Sl: CTaJll1 60M6l1Tb C nOJlororo
6blJll1 TYAa B AeKa6pe 1942 r. II1x I1CnOJlb30BaJll1
KorAa aHrIll1j;!cK3Sl apMI1Sl roTOBI1JlaCb TaM K KOHTp-
nI1Kl1pOBaHI1Sl. 3a MeCSlI..\ 490-Sl SCKa,QPI1JlbSl Bbl-
n03>Ke npOTI1B SlnoHcKoro AecaHTa, 3aXBaTI1BWe-
HacTynJleHl110 npOTI1B HeMel..\KI1X 11 I1TaJlbSlHCKI1X
ro OCTpOBa KblCKa 11 Any, BXOAI1BWl1e B Aneyr-
BOj;!CK. nepBblj;! 60eBoj;! BblJleT CaMOJleTbl COBep-
BeJla 113 CTpOSl BoceMb MOCTOB. KorAa COlO3Hl1Kl1 B 1944 r. nepeWJlI1 B HacTyn-
CKylO rpSlAY. KorAa npOTI1BHI1K BbIHY>KAeH 6blJl
WI1JlI1 14 aBrycTa, aTaKOBaB 4aCTl1 Aeppl1KaH-
JleHl1e B 6l1pMe, aBl1al..\l1Sl nOAAep>KI1BaJla npo-
oTcTynl1Tb, Ha Any pa3MeCTl1Jll1 aspoAPoMbl, C
CKOro Kopnyca POMMeJlSl.
ABI1>KeHl1e Ha3eMHbiX BOj;!CK. COJlAaTbl WJlI1 no
KOTOpblX aMepl1KaHCKaSl aBl1al..\l1Sl cOBepWaJla
Ha STOM TeaTpe B-25 JleTaJlI1 B OCHOBHOM no
A>KYHrIlSlM HaJlerKe. Bce He06xOAl1MOe c6pacbl-
HaJleTbl Ha KYPI1JlbCKl1e oCTpoBa, npI1HaAJle>KaB-
H04aM. ~eJlSlMI1 AIlSl HI1X onpeAeJlSlJlI1Cb nopTbl
BaJlI1 C He6a. CaMOJleTbl 3aMeHSlJll1 11 apTI1JlJle-
Wl1e TorAa 5'lnOHI1I1. 10 I1IOJlSl 1943 r. B-25 Bnep-
11 aspoAPoMbl 6Jll13 n06epe>KbSl nl1BI1I1. 1I13-3a
pl1lO. Ha STOM TeaTpe C SlHBapSl 1944 r. aKTI1BHO
Bble 60M6l1Jll1 o. napaMyWl1p. HaJleTbl Ha Ky-
OTCyrCTBI1Sl nJlaMeraCI1TeJlej;! 60M6apAl1pOBLllI1-
npl1MeHSlJlI1Cb WTYPMOBI1KI1 B-25H. Ha HI1X Jle-
PI1Jlbl npOAOJl>KaJlI1Cb B Te4eHl1e Bcej;! BOj;!Hbl.
KI1 AOBOJlbHO JlerKO 06HapY>KI1BaJlI1Cb 3eHI1T411-
TaJlI1 KaK aMepl1KaHCKl1e aBl1a4aCTI1, TaK 11 SKI1na>K11 KI1Taj;!cKo-aMepI1KaHCKOro CMewaHHoro KpblJla (AI1BI131111). nYWe4Hble MaWI1Hbl xopowo npOSlBI1JlI1 ce6Sl B 60pb6e C CYAOXOACTBOM Ha peKax 11 y n06epe>KbSl. OnbiTHblj;! KaHOHl1p ycneBaJl CAeJlaTb 3a OAI1H 3aXOA AO Tpex BbICTpeJlOB. neToM 1944 r. «MI1T4eJlJlbl» Y4acTBOBaJll1 B nOCTaHOBKe MI1H Ha peKe 4I1HAYI1H. Ha HI1X noAOpBaJlOCb HeMaJlO SlnOHCKI1X CYAOB, 'ITO B 3Ha411TeJlbHoj;! Mepe CKa3aJlOCb Ha cHa6>KeHI1I1 060pOHSlIOLllej;!cSl CTOpOHbl. B I1IOJle B 6l1pMe Aej;!CTBOBaJlO 345 B-25, 113 HI1X npl1MepHO TpeTb aMepI1KaHCKI1X, a OCTaJlbHble aHrIll1j;!CKl1e. Boj;!CKa COI03HI1KOB, KOTOpble COnpOBO>KAaJla aBl1aI..\I1Sl, ycnewHo npOABl1raJlI1Cb K lOry. 20 MapTa 1945 r. 60M6bl pa3pyWl1Jll1 CTeHbl epopTa ,Qaepepepl1H -
OCHOBHOro Y3Jla 060POHbi cTpaTerl1-
4eCKl1 Ba>KHoro ropoAa MaHAaJlaj;!.
8-25J U 8-25H U3 12-u 6oM6apcJupoeo'lHOU zpynnbl 3axocJRm Ha Llenb e IO)/(HOU Hmanuu, UlOnb 1944 z.
«ABHaKOMeKUlUI»
NQ 2'2003
21
KaMI'1. TaK, B H04b Ha 13 ceHTSl6pSl6blnl'1 nOTepSl-
XOM OKeaHe. CeMb 3CKaAPI'1JlI'1i;; Aei;;cTBOBaJlI'1
paC¢OpMl'1pOBblBaJlI'1Cb OAHa 3a APyroi;;. nl'1W-
Hbl cpa3y 4eTbipe MaWI'1Hbl. n03,QHee. no Mepe
HenocpeAcTBeHHo Ha ¢poHTe.
HIOIO TeXHI'1KY 4aCTI'14HO nOCTaBI'1JlI'1 Ha XpaHeHl'1e.
TOro, KaK COlO3HaSl aBl'1al..\l'1Sl Hapal1.lI'1BaJla npe-
no MapwpYTY 4epe3 raBai;;1'1 I'1X nepe6pocl'1-
BOCXOACTBO B B03,Qyxe. «MI'1T4eJlJlbl» nOCTeneH-
JlI'1 B IO>KHylO 4aCTb Tl'1xoro OKeaHa. nepBoi;; BCTY-
«MI'1T4eJlfl» y>Ke yCTapeJl, HO nOCKOJlbKY OH
HO nepeXOAI'1JlI'1 Ha AHeBHble onepal..\l'1l'1. T04HOCTb
nl'1Jla B 6oi;; 3CKaAPl'1JlbSl VMB-413 nOAnOJlKOB-
6blJl AOCTaT04HO npOCT B 3KCnJlyaTal..\I'11'1 1'1 nl'1-
4aCTI'14HO nycTI'1JlI'1 Ha CJlOM.
6oM6oMeTaHI'1Sl nOBblCI'1JlaCb, a nOTepl'1 yMeHbwl'1-
HI'1Ka raJlaTl'1aHa. B SlHBape 1944 r. OHa npl'16blJla
JlOTl'1pOBaHI'1I'1, ero C04Jll'1 npl'1roAHblM AllSl Y4e6-
JlI'1Cb. B-25 )'4acTBOBaIll'1 B 3HaMeHI'1TOM cpa>Ke-
Ha O. 3cnl'1pI'1Ty-CaHTO. OTTYAa caMOJleTbl Ha4a-
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HI'1I'1 y 3Jlb-AnaMei;;Ha. K YAapaM no cocpeAOTO-
JlI'1 JleTaTb Ha 60MOO>KKY Pa6ayJla 1'1 KaBl'1eHra -
WI'1Hbl nOJl)'4I'1JlI'1 0603Ha4eHI'1e AT-24 (n03,QHee
4eHI'1SlM Boi;;cK npOTI'1BHI'1Ka 1'1 ero 6JlI'1>KHI'1M Tbl-
SlnOHCKI'1X 6a3 Ha o. HOBaSl 6p1'1TaHI'1Sl. nepBble
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JlaM TOrAa npl'1BJleKJlI'1 46 caMOJleTOB 3TOro Tl'1na.
BblneTbl COBepWaJlI'1 AHeM, nOA npl'1KpblTl'1eM I'1C-
nepeB03KI'1 JlIOAei;; 1'1 rpy30B. -
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CB-25.
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321-10. OHI'1 nepeceKJlI'1 AmaHTI'1KY no B03,QyXy
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ro Aa>Ke pacKoHcepBl'1pOBaJlI'1 1'1 AOyKoMnJleKTO-
C npOMe>KYT04HOi;; nocaAKoi;; Ha o. B03HeceHI'1Sl.
pai;;OHe BOeBaJlI'1 el1.le Tpl'1 3CKaAPl'1Jlbl'1 Ha PBJ.
BaJlI'1 60M6aPAI'1POBl1.lI'1KI'1, HeAOAeJlaHHble B CBSl-
Bce 3TI'1 4aCTI'1 nOAAep>KI'1BaJlI'1 npOABI'1>KeHl'1e
Vlx caMOJleTbl TaK>Ke I'1CnOJlb30BaJll'1 B OCHOBHOM
31'1 C OKOH4aHI'1eM BOi;;Hbl. Hal..\1'10HaJlbHaSl rBap-
apMI'1i;; COlO3HI'1KOB B CeBepHoi;; A¢pl'1Ke BnJlOTb
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AI'1SlI'1CnOJlb30BaJla «MI'1T4eJlJlbl» B OCHOBHOM AllSl
AO Kanl'1TyJlSl1..\1'11'1 OCTaTKOB HeMel..\KI'1X 1'1 I'1TaJlbSlHCKI'1X Boi;;cK B TYHl'1ce. B
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B-25 npl'1BJleKJlI'1 K
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TPOJlb 3a nycKaMI'1 paKeT, BeJlaCb pa3BeAKa noroAbl 1'1 nepea031'1Jll'1Cb rpy3bl. AOJlbWe Bcex B Ha-
HaJleTaM Ha oCTpoBa naHTeJlJlepl'1R 1'1 naMneAY-
BaJla B pai;;OHe OCTpOBOB 60HI'1H, a 3aTeM y
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KO «MI'1T4eJlJlbl» c6poCI'1Jll'1 Ha HI'1X 1140 T 60M6.
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>Ke KaK OTAeJlbHble TpaHcnopTHble MaWI'1Hbl B
co6cTBeHHo v1TaJl 1'1 1'1.
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C nepexoAoM aMepl'1KaHl..\eB B HacTynJleHl'1e
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Ha TI'1XOOKeaHCKOM TeaTpe 60eBbix Aei;;cTBI'1i;;
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XOA 3aTOHyJl, He AO~ AO npeAHa3Ha4eHHoro eMy
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KO KaK Y4e6Hble.
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Mopbe Ha4aJll'1 Aei;;cTBoBaTb B-25J. OHI'1 xopowo
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1'1 repMaHI'1IO. Aopora pa60TaJla Ha 3JleKTp1'14eC-
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B l.\yCI'1MCKOM npOJlI'1Be, y n06epe>KbSl Kopel'1,
JlI'1l1.le B reHTe. 6aKI'1 C TOnJlI'1BOM YA8JlOCb nOA-
VlMeHHo I'1X npl'1HSlJlI'1Cb yHI'14TO>KaTb «MI'1T4eJlJlbl».
60M61'1Jll'1 l..\eJlI'1 Ha KlOclO 1'1 XOHCIO.
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weHHoe. Aopora npaKTI'14eCKI'1 3aMepJla. 6e3 TOKa
6aMI'1, HO K KOHl..\y Boi;;Hbl Bce wl'1pe CTaJlI'1 I'1C-
3JleKTpOB03bl CTaJlI'1 6eCnOJle3Hbi. Vl3 repMaHl'11'1
nOJlb30BaTbCSl paKeTbl. MHorl'1e PBJ HeCJlI'1 nOA
npl'1rHaJlI'1 napOB03bl, HO I'1M 6blJlO ropa3,QO TPYA-
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nOAbeMaMI'1. nponycKHaR cnoco6HOCTb MarI'1CT-
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paJlI'1 pe3KO ynaJla. HeMel..\Kl'1e Boi;;cKa OCTaJlI'1Cb
A06aBI'1Jll'1Cb MOl1.lHble 300-MM paKeTbl «TI'1HI'1
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TI'1M». Ha cnel..\l'1aJlbHbli;; MOCT nOA ¢103eJlSl>KeM
BCKope COlO3HI'1KI'1 BblWJlI'1 K nepeBaJlaM.
nOABeWI'1BaJlI'1Cb ABe TaKl'1e paKeTbl. Ho npl'1MeHI'1Tb I'1X B 6010 He ycneJlI'1. 60eBbie
Ha.t\ MopeM B 1942 r. apMI'1Sl 1'1 ¢JlOT CWA AOCTl'1rlll'1 corllaWeHI'1Sl 0 nepeAa4e MopSlKaM HeKoTOporo KOJll'14eCTBa caMOJleTOB cyxonYTHblx Tl'1nOB AllSl I'1CnOJlb30BaHI'1Sl B Ka4eCTBe naTpYJlbHblX 1'1 npOTI'1BOJlOA04HbiX MaWI'1H. CpeAI'1 HI'1X 6blJll'1 1'1 B-25, nOJl)'4I'1BWl'1e Ha ¢JlOTe o603Ha4eHI'1e PBJ. Bce OHI'1 41'1Clll'1Jll'1Cb 3a aBl'1al..\l'1ei;; MOpCKOi;; neXOTbl. nepBylO 3CKaAPl'1JlblO, VMB-413,
BblJleTbl C HI'1MI'1 CTaJlI'1 COBepwaTb C 11 aBrycTa, KorAa Boi;;Ha y>Ke nOAXOAI'1Jla K KOHI..\Y. CaMOJleTbl HeCKOJlbKO pa3 nOAHI'1MaJlI'1Cb B B03,Qyx, HO He HaXOAI'1JlI'1 nOAXOASll1.lI'1X no pa3MepaM l..\eJlei;;. A 14 aBrycTa HnoHI'1Sl Kanl'1TyJll'1pOBaJla.
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el1.le He BblnOJlHeHHble 3aKa3bl Ha B-25 aHHyJlI'1-
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pOBaJlI'1. CaMOJleTbl, KOTopble He ycneJlI'1 CAaTb,
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HI'1KOrAa paHbwe He JleTaJlO Ha AByXMOTOpHblX CaMOJleTax. OAHaKO nepl'1oA nepe)'4I'1BaHI'1Sl npoweJl AocTaTo4Ho ycnewHo, 1'1 3CKaAPl'1JlblO npl'13HaIll'1 6oecnoco6Hoi;;. 3aTeM Ha Toi;; >Ke 6a3e B 1943-1944 rr. nOAroTOBI'1JlI'1 el1.le 15 ¢JlOTCKI'1X 3CKaAPI'1JlI'1i;; Ha «MI'1T4eJlJlaX». OHI'1 3aHI'1MaJll'1Cb naTpyJll'1pOBaHl'1eM npl'16pe>KHblX BOA B AmaHTI'1Ke 1'1 Ha TI'1-
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PRe ANIAPS·3 U '1emblpbMR paKemaMu nod KpblnOM «ABHaKOMeKUHll» N!! 2'2003
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HO ABa caMolleTa C6~1l~ HeMel..\K~e ~CTpe - Bpa>KeCK~e 3eH~T'l~K~. n03AHee «M~TYellllaM~» BOOpY>K~ll~ eUle OAHY aHm~~CKYIO 3CKaAP~llblO - 226-10, a 3aTeM TP~ 3CKaAP~llb~, YKOMnlleKTOBaHHble 3K~ na>KaM~ ~3 oKKyn~poBaHHblX HeMl..\aM~ CTpaH 305-10 (nollbCKYIO), 320-10 (rollllaHACKYIO) ~ 342-10 (cppaHI..\Y3cKYIO). Bce 3T~ YaCT~ BXOA~ll~ BO 2-ble TaKT~YeCK~e BOJAywHbie C~llbl, nOAAep>K~BaB w~e HacTynlleH~e COI03H~KOB B EBpone. 173 caMOlleTa aHm~YaHe BbIAell~ll~ KaHaAe, I1BJlSlBWe~CSl TOrAa 6p~TaHcK~M AOM~H~OHOM. V1x ~CnOllb30B8Jl~ AllSl ~e6Hblx I..\elle~ ~ naTpYll~ pOBaH~11 np~6pe>KHbIX BOA. V13 CWA np~6blll~ TaK>Ke TP~ F-10, CllY>K~BW~X AllSl KapTOrpacp~ YeCKO~ CbeMK~ OTAalleHHblX pa~OHOB CeBepa. B 06U1e~ CllO>KHOCT~ Bell~K06p~TaH~Sl nOllY4~lla 167 B-25C ~ 371 B-250. OH~ 3KcnllyaT~ pOBall~cb B KopolleBcK~x BBC AO cepeA~Hbl 1946 r., nOClle yero MaW~HbI 3aKoHcepB~poBa ll~, a 3aTeM BCKope nYCT~ll~ Ha CllOM. B KaHaAe cTpoeBble YaCT~ ~cnOllb30Ball~ «M~T'lellllbl» AO 1946-1947 rr., 3aTeM ~x nepeBell~ B pa3pSlA yye6Hblx. 6011bWYIO yaCTb caMOlleTOB 3TOro T~na cn~call~ ~ll~ B03BpaT~1l~ B CWA, HO B 1952-1954 rr. OT aMep~KaHl..\eB nocTyn~llo 6011ee 130 B-250 ~ B-25J, KOTopble HanpaB~ll~ B lleTHble WKOllbl ~ ~e6Hble YaCT~. nOclleAH~e ~3 H~X lleTall~ AO 1958 r. 6~Tell~ ~ OA~H
B ABcTpam1H B ABCTP8Jl~1O no lleHA-ll~3Y aMep~KaHl..\bl no50 caMolleTOB. B ~x Y~CJlO BOWll~ Maw~ Hbl MOA~cp~Kal..\~~ C, 0, H, G ~ J. V1M~ BOOPY>K~ll~ ABe 3CKBAP~b~ - 2-10 ~ 18-10. OH~ Ae~CTBOB8Jl~ Ha HOBO~ rB~Hee, a n03,QHee - Ha Tepp~TOp~~ cOBpeMeHHo~ V1HAOHe3~~. ABcTpall~~cK~e BBC 3KCnJlyaT~poB8Jl~ B-25 AO MapTa 1950 r. CTaB~ll~
B KHTae Boopy>KeHHble C~llbl reHepall~cc~Myca YaH Ka~w~ nOllYY~ll~ OT aMep~KaHl..\eB C 1943 r. 6011ee 100 «M~T'lellllOB», B TOM Y~Clle 28 nyWeYHblX B-25H ~ weCTb B-25J. 6011bW~HCTBO 1'!3 H~X np~MeHSlllocb B 60l1x y K~Ta~cKo-6~p
B OKTSl6pe 1949 r. aB~al..\~Sl YaH Ka~w~ ~cnOllb 3OB8Jla 8-25 AllI1 H8JlBTOB Ha WaHXa~ ~ ero oKpeCTHOCT~. CaMolleTbl lleTall~ C 611~3Jle>KaUl~X OCTpOBOB Y>KoywaHb. Ha Ta~BaHe «M~T'lellllbl» CllY>K~ll~ Aomo. neToM 1954 r. ~Mell MecTO 60~ Me>KAY napo~ ~CTpe6~TeJle~ BBC HOAK ~ AByMSl B-25, lleTeBW~M~ nOA np~KpbIT~eM AByx P-47. roM~HbAaHOBCK~e 60M6apA~poBUI~K~ aTaKOBall~
Pbl60110BHble cYAa, HO ~x 3K~na>K~ no PBA~O YCnell~ coo6U1~Tb 0 HanBAeH~~. C MaTep~Ka np~ 6bllla nOMOUlb. npaBAa, c6~Tb B-25 He YA8JlOCb, ~X ll~Wb OTOrH8Jl~ B Mope. B ceHTSl6pe---DKTSl6pe TOro >Ke roAa «M~T'leJlllbl» HeoAHOKPaTHO 6oM6~ ll~ l..\eJl~ Ha O. AMO~ ~ Ha no6epe>KbB npoB~HI..\~~ YI..\3SlH. no-B~A~MOMy, nOClleAH~e B-25 3KcnllYaT~poBall~cb Ha Ta~BaHe AO KOHl..\a 1950-x roAOB.
B ronnaHACKOM
allbHaSl BO~Ha. rOllllaHACKaSl apM~Sl Cpa>KallaCb C ~HAOHe3~~l..\aM~ AO 1949 r. B-25 ~CnOllb30B8Jl~Cb B 3TO~ BO~He KaK 6oM6apA~poBUI~K~ (noA 0603HaYeH~eM BB-25), WTYPMOB~K~ (8B-25), CPOTOP83BeAY~~ (FB-25) ~ TpaHcnopTHble caMolleTbl (TB-25). no MeHbwe~ Mepe, ABa caMolleT8 ~HAOHe3~~l..\bl C6~1l~. OA~H CT811 >KepTBO~ 3eH~T'l~KOB nOA Kall~M6aHTeHroM 4 8BrycTa 1946 r., a BTOPO~ - HBA nalleM6aHroM 21 ~1011Sl 1947 r: nOClle AOCT~>KeH~Sl comaweH~Sl o npeAocTaBlleH~~ V1HAoHe3~~ He3aB~C~MOCT~ caMolleTbl B H~AepllaHAbl He nepe6p8CbIBall~Cb. V1x A8JlbHe~W8Sl GYAbPa He~3BeCTHa.
B naTHHcKoM aMepHKe
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8B~al..\~~ 3TO~
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N!' 2'2003
23
YPY2saUCKUU B-25J, MOHmesuoeo, 1962 2.
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Tpe60BaHI;1llM COBpeMeHHoii BoiiHbl. B-26 06Jla-
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AaJl BblCOKI;1MI;1 JleTHblMI;1 ,QaHHbIMI;1, HO OTJlI;14aJl-
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peA BoiiHOii PYKOBOAI;1BWl;1ii
nli1V1
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nepBOHa4aJlbHO nJlaHl;1pOBaJlOCb, 4TO aMe-
pal..\1;10HaJlbHblM Bbl60pOM OKa3blBaJlCR B-25. OH,
0pY>KeHl;1ll OH He Hec. B 1965 r. 3Ta MaWI;1Ha ell.le
pl;1KaHl..\bl nepeAaAYT I;1M HeCKOJlbKO 60M6apAI;1-
npaBAa, TO>Ke I;1MeJl CBOI;1 HeAOCTaTKI;1. no MHe-
41;1CJll;1JlaCb B MeCTHOM perl;1CTpe, HO MOrJla JlI;1
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nOAHRTbCll B B03AYX -
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CKl;1e 3Kl;1na>K1;1 nepeJleTllT B AHrJll;1lO. TaM c061;1-
Ka. KpOMe TOro, OH Ol..\eHI;1Jl 6pOHe3all.lI;1Ty 1;1 BO-
rHaJll;1 B MeKCI;1KY. nOCJleAHl;1ii caMOJleT 1;13 3Toii
paJlI;1Cb nOABeCI;1Tb nOA CaMOJleTbl 60M6bl 1;1,
opy>KeHl;1e caMOJleTa KaK HeAOCTaT04Hble.
r.
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16 ceHTll6pll rpoMoBy Ha aBl;1a6a3e 50JlJlI;1Hr-
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MOCKBy. Ho «KpenocTeii» aMepl;1KaHl..\bl He AaJlI;1.
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12 MaWI;1H nonaJlO B Ypyrnaii B 1950-1954 IT., a B
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1957 r. MecTHoe npaBI;1TeJlbCTBO AOKYnl;1JlO ell.le
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HI;1TeJll;1, 4TO nepBOHa4aJlbHO He oroBapl;1BaJlOcb.
«MI;1T4eJlJlOB» nOWJlI;1 Ha CJlOM B 1966 r. B BeHecy3Jly nocTynl;1JlO AO 40 B-25. nepBble 14 1;13 HI;1X npl;16blJll;1 no nporpaMMe BoeH-
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Wl;1ii PYCCKI;1M ll3bIKOM. AMepl;1KaHcKl;1ii I;1CTOPI;1K
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3KCnJlyaTI;1pOBaJlaCb 40-ii 60M6apAI;1poB04HOii
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3CKaAPI;1Jlbeii, HO HeKoTopble nonaJlI;1 TaK>Ke B
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42-10 . .QeBRTb CaMOJleTOB npowJlI;1 Kanl;1TaJlbHblii
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co B3aMeH nOBpe>K,QeHHoro B nYTI;1. nl;1Wb 5 MapTa
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Tall, 4TO OH HI;1 B KaKoii Mepe He COOTBeTcTByeT
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8
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MapTI;1H B-26 «MapOAep».
KorAa B ceHTll6pe 1941 r. B MOCKBe c06paJlI;1Cb npeACTaBI;1TeJlI;1 CCCP, CWA 1;1 BeJlI;1KO6pl;1TaHI;11;1, 06CY>K.QaBWl;1e 6YAYll.ll;1e nOCTaBKI;1 60eBoii TeXHI;1KI;1, pa3Jll;14Hbie BeAOMCTBa nOAroToBI;1JlI;1 CBOI;1 3aKJl104eHI;1ll - 4TO CJleAyeT npOCI;1Tb 1;1 B KaKI;1X KOJlI;14eCTBax. TOJlbKO Pa3BeAb1BaTeJlbHoe ynpaBJleHl;1e reHWTa6a BKJl1041;1JlO B Cnl;1COK nOTeHl..\l;1aJlbHO I;1HTepeCHblX CaMOJleTOB B-25, HO TaK>Ke 0AH03Ha4HO OTAaJlO npeAn04TeHI;1e B-26. AMepl;1KaHl..\bl >Ke, Ha060pOT, npeAIlO>KI;1Jl 1;1 , B nepBylO 04epeAb, Tpl;1 60M6apAl;1pOBll.lI;1Ka: .QyrJlac A-20, nOKXI;1A A-28 1;1 HOPT AMepl;1K3H B-25. KorAa aMepl;1KaHCKl;1e, aHrJll;1iicKl;1e 1;1 COBeTCKl;1e Al;1nJlOMaTbl 1;1 reHepaJlbl COBell.laJlI;1Cb B MOCKBe, B AMepl;1Ke y>Ke HaXOAI;1JlaCb rpynna COBeT-
OKOH'IamenbHaR nposepKa HOSblX B-25B Ha 3aSOOCKOM a3poOpOMe. Bmopou no c'Iemy caMonem, Ny 41-12525, Hecem KpacHble 3se30bl. 3mo oOHa U3 nepsblx MaWUH, omnpasneHHblx s CCCP
24
«ABHaKOMeKUlUI»
N!! 2'2003
06a caMOJleTa nepeJleTeJll;1 nOA MOCKBy.
npozpee MOmOpOe 8-25D Ha AnRcKe nepeo nepeZOHKOj) 60M6apoUp08~UKOe Ha llyKomKy
3anaCHO~ nOnK
B K~pOBa6aAe, TP~ B 6-10 3anacHylO 6p~raAY B VlBaHoBe. OA~H 60M6apA~poB ~~K BnocneACTB~~ BHOBb n06blBan B CWA: OH CTan nepcoHanbHblM caMoneTOM VI.n. Ma3ypyKa, KOMaHA~pa 1-~ neperOHOYHO~ aB~aA~B~3~~, ~ B ceHTR6pe 1942 r. np~6bln B 3p6eHKc BO maBe rpynnbl nacCa>K~pCK~X nC-84, AOCTaB~B w~x TYAa COBeTCK~X neTY~KOB-neperoH~~KoB. B 60eBbie YaCT~ COBeTCK~X BBC «M~TYen nbl» HaYan~ nocTynaTb n~Wb nocne OTKPbIT~R «nepc~AcKoro Kop~AOpa» Yepe3 VlpaH. 3Ta Tpacca CY~TanaCb 60nee 6e30nacHo~ AfiR noCTaBOK TeXH~K~. BeAoMble rpa>KAaHCK~M~ 3K~ na>KaM~ ~3 KOMnaH~~ «naH AMep~K3H», caMOneTbl neTen~ ~3 CWA Yepe3 opa3~n~lO, AmaHT~YeCK~~ OKeaH, AKH~~ BOCTOK. nepBble 72 B-25C np~6bln~ B VlpaH B MapTe 1942 r. ,[10 KOH4a roAa B CCCP 3T~M nYTeM neperHan~ 102 B-25, a Bcero Yepe3 «nepc~AcK~~ KOP~AOP» AOCTaB~n~ 118 3T~X MaW~H. nepBOHayanbHO B COBeTcKoM COlO3e caMOneTbl «HOPT AMep~K3H» pew~n~ ~cnonb30BaTb TaK, KaK 3TO 3aAYMb1Ban~ aMep~KaHcK~e KOHCTpyKTOpbl - B KayeCTBe AHeBHblX
B anpene 1942 r. nepBble TP~ (no APY~M AaHHblM - YeTblpe) B-25C nepeAan~ 37-My 60M6apA~POBOYHOMY nonKy nOAnonKOBH~Ka KaTap>K~Ha. 3Ty yaCTb nepeBen~ C,[IanbHero BOCToKa Ha nOAMOCKOBHbl~ a3poApoM MOH~HO. Vl3yYaTb HOBylO TexH~KY nOMoran~ cne4~an~CTbl HVIVI BBC (KQTopble ~ neperHan~ MaW~Hbl ~3 oacpbl) ~ OIOPO HOBO~ TeXH~K~ ~rVl. OA~H caMoneT AfiR nyYwero 03HaKOMneH~Rpa306pan~. B nonK nepeBen~ HeKoTopblX yneHOB rpynnbl rpOMOBa, ~3yYaB w~x B-25 B CWA, - neTY~KOB, wrypMaHoB, ~H >KeHepoB. B ~IOHe 1942 r. OA~H B-25C npowen nonHylO nporpaMMy rOCYAapCTBeHHbix ~cnbITaH~~ B HVIVI BBC, nonyY~B OyeHb xopow~e OT3blBbi. np~6blBW~ B MOH~HO 6oM6aPA~poB~~~ nQABepm~Cb nepe060pYAOBaH~IO, nOCKOfibKY Y aMep~ KaH4eB B 3~na>K BXOA~~ oTAenbHo 6oM6aPA~p (B HOCOBO~ Ka6~He) ~ OTAenbHO wrypMaH, c~eB W~~ 3CI n~OTaM~. Y Hac o6e
OTeYeCTBeHHblM On6-1. ,[\fiR nOBblweH~R 6oeBO~ >K~ByYeCT~ BBen~ C~CTeMY HaAAyBa 6aKOB He~ TPanbHblM ra3OM. ne~enKO~ Maw~H 3CIH~Man~Cb 3CIBOA NQ 156 B MOCKBe ~ peM6a3CI BBC B MOH~HO. K KOH4Y BeCHbl 1942 r. Ha «M~TYennbl» YAanOCb nepeBoopy>t<~Tb y>t<e TP~ nonKa (37-~, 125-~ ~ 16-~) B COCTaBe 222-~ A~B~3~~, KOTOpaR, B CBOIO oyepeAb, Bowna B 1-10 apM~1O reHepana BA CYA4a. Ho Ha t<eM, TlP4eBO. OblnO cOBepweHo MHOro AHeBHblX BblneTOB OA~HOYHbIM~ MaW~HaM~ ~ MenK~M~ rpynnaM~ 6e3 np~KpbIT~R ~cTpe6~Te nRM~. ~enRM~ RBnRn~Cb aBToM06~nbHble ~ TaHKOBble KonOHHbl, yKpenneHHble n03~4~~. nOYT~ cpa3y >Ke BbIRB~nCR cTpaHHbl~ AeKe 5 OKTR6pR np~Ka30M maBHOro ~H>KeHepa BBC B-25 nepeBen~ Ha ~MnopT Hbl~ 6eH3~H 0-100. oonbwaR yaCTb 3TOro TOnn~Ba nocTynana ~3 CWA B KaH~cTpax, ~ Ha3eMHbl~ COCTaB MyYanCR, cn~BaR cOAep>K~MOe 3T~X He60nbw~x eMKocTe~ B 6eH303anpaB~~K~. 3aTO pa3beAaH~e 6aKoB npeKpaT~nocb. Bo
BbIBOAY, YTO ~CnOnb30BaH~e B-25 no TaKT~YeC K~M 4enRM He3K~AaH~~ nonyYeH~R HOBblX Konec. 29 ceHTR6pR 1942 r. 222-10 A~B~3~1O oKHO 6bln0 B nonHO~ Mepe ~cnonb30BaTb ~ 60nbwo~ paA~YC Ae~CTB~R B-25, ~ Om~YHOe HaB~ra4~OH Hoe paA~0060pYAOBaH~e, ~ MO~Hoe Boopy>KeH~e, ~ 3HaY~TenbHYIO 60M60BylO Harpy3Ky. C 4enblO 03HaKOMneH~R C B03MO>KHOCTRM~ caMoneTa 3K~na>K~ AM BblnonH~n~ HeCKonbKO AanbH~X noneTOB B TblnY (AHeM ~ HOYblO) co C6pOCOM 60M6 Ha non~roHe. 3TO y6eA~no B np~roAHoCT~ Maw~Hbl AfiR BbInOnHeH~R nOCTaBneHHblX nepeA HelO 3aAay. K MOMeHTy nepeAaY~ 222-~ A~B~3~~ B AM TaM y>Ke ~MenOCb He60nbwoe KOn~YeCTBO B-25. TaK, 747-~ nonK K ~IOHIO 1942 r. nonyY~n yeTblpe TaK~X MaW~Hbl. «M~TYennbl» HaYan~ COBepWaTb AanbH~e HOYHble pe~bl B Tbln npoT~BH~Ka. Ha 18 HOR6pR B napKe 222-~ A~B~3~~ HaCY~TbIBanOCb 68 B-25. ,[\fiR YBen~YeH~R AanbHOCT~ B 60M600TeeK CTaB~n~ cne4~anbHO cnpOeKT~poBaHHble nOAKOB006pa3Hble AononH~TenbHble 6eH306a~. OH~ np~MeHR n~Cb np~ noneTax Ha MaKC~ManbHYIO AanbHOCTb. DoM6bl np~ 3TOM pa3Me~an~Cb Ha BHewHe~ nOABeCKe nOA KpblnoM (06bIYHO 6pan~ ABe A6-250 no 250 Kr). nOTOM Ha 3CIBOAe NQ 156 OCBO~n~ npo-
8-25D U3 cocmaea 45·j) ze.OueU3UU
"ABltaKOMeKUlUI"
NQ 2'2003
AM
25
5-25,lln (S-250-30) Ha UCnblmaHURX e HHH SSC, UIOHb 1944 e.
113BOACTBO KapTOHHblX OAHopa30BblX nOABecHbiX
Beero B CCCP no nporpaMMe JleHA-JlI13a 6blIl0
CKa OCB06aAWlI1 aTOT paHoH, Bee nOJle 6b1Jlo 3aBa-
6aKOB. AnR 6oM60MeTaHI1R HOYblO Ha caMOJleTax
OmpaBJleHO 870 B-25, 113 KOTOpblX AO MeCTa Ao-
JleHO o6JloMKaMI1 caMOJleTOB. B ceHTR6pe «MI1T-
CMOHTI1POBaJlI1 cnel\l1allbHble npl1l\eJlbl HKn6-7. OceHblO 1942 r. npl1 nepBblx lKe 3aMop03Kax CTOJlKHYJlI1Cb C MaCCOBblMI1 OTKa3aMI1 arperaToB,
WeJl 861. HeKoTOpoe KOJlI1YeCTBO MaWI1H I1HTep-
YeJlJlbl» yYaCTBOBaJlI1 B nOAaBJleH1111 BpalKeCKI1X
HI1POBaJlI1 nOCJle BblHYlKAeHHblx nQCaAOK Ha ,Qanb-
AallbHo6oHHblx 6aTapeH nOA neHI1HrpaAOM.
HeM BocrOKe. B 1943--1944 IT. «MI1TYenIlbl»
no-
BcIO
BTOPYIO nOJlOBI1HY BOHHbI OHI1 coeepWaJll1 AaJlb-
npl160pOB, BoopYlKeHI1R. npl1YI1HOH OKa3aJlaCb
crynWlI1 Ha BOOpYlKeHl1e
HecKOJlbKl1X nOJlKOB
Hl1e peHAbi Ha BapwaBy, 6pecnay, KeHI1rc6epr,
HeAOCTaTOYHaR MOP030CTOHKOCTb WJlaHrOB rl1A-
AallbHeH aBl1al\l1l1- 337-ro, 362-ro, 747-ro 11 APY-
TI1Jlb3I1T, 6epJll1H, AeHcTBOBaJlI1 nOA 6pRHCKOM,
pOCI1CTeMbi. nORBI1JlI1Cb pa3pblBbi MacnoPaAl1-
rnx. liIMI1 6blJll1 nOJlHOCTbIO YKoMnneKTOBaHbl
aTOpOB. Ho C aTI1MI1 np06JleMaMI1 AOBOJlbHO
5-R 11
6blCTpO CnpaBI1JlI1Cb. Ha 3aBOAe
N!!
81 cnpoeK-
e~e
15-R reaPAeHCKI1e AI1B1131111.
4-R,
C aBryCTa 1943 r.
B-25 CTall nOJlyYaTb 2-H reaPAeHCKI1H nOJlK nOJl-
POCllaBJleM, CMOJleHCKOM, rOMeJleM, CeBaCTOnoJleM. B 1944
r. 222-R
AI1BI1311R pa3pywWla lKeJle3-
HOAOPOlKHblH Y3eJl ,(Ie6pel\eH B BeHrpl1l1. 60Jlee CKopocTHbie 11 MaHeBpeHHble, JlyYwe
Tl1pOBaJlI1 11 113roTOBI1Jll1 06pa3l\bI CbeMHblX 311M-
KOBHI1Ka liI.. 6anawoBa. liIMI1 BOOPY>KWI111-1O ac-
HI1X Jl060BblX ~I1TOB KanOTOB MOTOpOB. OHI1
KaAPWlblO, KOTOpoH KOMaHA0BaJl ABalKAbi repoH
BOOPYlKeHHble, yeM liIJl-4, B-25 yaCTO I1cnOJlb30-
COBeTCKoro CoI03a A.liI. MOJlOAYI1H. K ¢eBpanlO
BaJlI1Cb AllR 06ecneYeHI1R YAapa OCHOBHOH MacCbl 6oM6aPAI1POB~I1KOB: nOI1CKa 11 0603HayeHI1R
I1MeJlI1 eeKTOpHble
~eJlI1,
oTKpblBaBWl1eCR I1JlI1
3aKpblBaBWI1eCR no Mepe He06xOAI1MOCTI1. no-
1944 r. B nOJlKY HaCYI1TblBaJlOCb YlKe 20 B-25, B oc-
A06HblMI1 yCTpoHcTBaMI1 OCHa~aJlI1Cb Bce co-
HOBHOM HOBeHWeH MOAl1epl1Kal\1111 J. B l\eJlOM B Ha-
l\eJleH, AllR nOACBeTKl1, nOAaBJleHI1R Ha3eMHbiX
BeTCKl1e caMOJleTbl C ABl1raTeJlRMI1 B03AywHoro
YaJle 1944 r. B-25 COCTaBJlRJlI1 OKOJlO 10% aBl1a-
CPeACTB nBO 11 6JlOKI1POBKI1 aapOApoMOB HOYHblX
oxnalKAeHI1R, a TaKlKe 11 I1MnopTHble, B YaCTHO-
napKa A,Q,Q. K KOHl\Y Toro lKe IUAll Bee Kopnyca A,Q,Q,
I1CTpe6I1TeJleH. TaK, Hanpl1Mep, AeHCTBOBaJl B
CTI1, 60M6apAl1pOB~I1KI1 ,(Iymac A-20.
KpoMe 2-ro reaPAeHCKoro, I1MeJll1 8025, a B 4-M reap-
1944
AeHCKoM Kopnyce OH RBJlRllCR OCHOBHblM TI1nOM.
neYl1BaBWI1H epYHKl\110Hl1poBaHl1e OCTallbHblX nOJl-
C KOHl\a 1942 r. 60JlbwaR yaCTb 6oM6aPAl1poB~I1KOB nocrynalla 113 AMepl1KI1 no AJlCliI6y -
ne-
K 1 RHBapR 1945 r.
18-R
B03AywHaR apMI1R I1MeJla
r.
B BeHrp1111251-H reapAeHCKI1H nOJlK, 06ec-
KOB 15-H reapAeHcKoH AI1B1131111. npl1 OpraHI13a-
perOHOYHOH Tpacce C AARCKI1 Yepe3 YyKOTKY 11
320 «MI1TYenIlOB», KOTopble COCTaBJlRJlI1 npl1Mep-
l\1111 MaCCl1pOBaHHbix HaJleTOB 06blYHO BbIAeJlR-
BOCTOYHYIO CI1611Pb Ha KpacHoRpcK. 28 OKTR6pR
HO nRTYIO yaCTb BceH ee TeXHI1K11.
JlI1Cb napbl, 3BeHbR, OTAeJlbHbie aKl1nalKl1 AllR 6Jlo-
A,Q,Q
Kl1pOBaHI1R 6Jl113JlelKa~I1X aapOAPOMOB. no He-
Ha 6a3e n3AA-
B COCTaBe
aMepl1KaHCKI1e 6oM6aPAl1poB-
nOJleT COBeTcKoro aKl1nalKa Ha B-25C, a 3 HOR6pR
~I1K11
npl1MeHRllI1Cb, KaK npaBWlO, B TeMHoe Bpe-
CKOJlbKO yaCOB OHI1 KPY>KWII1Cb HaA JleTHblM no-
Kanl1TaH n.n. raMOB nOBeJl nepBblH caMOJleT Ha
MR cyTOK, HaHOCR YAapbl no lKeJle3HOAOPOlKHblM
JleM, BpeMR OT BpeMeHI1 c6paCblBaR OAI1HOYHble
3anaA. Beero B HOR6pe AO KpaCHORpcKa A06pa-
Y3JlaM, aapoApoMaM, Y3JlaM conpoTl1BJleHI1R HeM-
6oM6bl W111 I1X He60Jlbwl1e eepl1l1. KpoMe TOro,
JlI1Cb BOeeMb 6oM6aPAI1POB~I1KOB,113 HI1X CAalll1
l\eB. B HOYb Ha 30 AeKa6pR 1942
npeACTaBI1TeJlRM
A,Q,Q ABa.
r. OAI1H 113 nOJlKOB
8025J C YCWIeHHblM nePeAHI1M CTpeJ1KOBbIM BOOPY-
OAI1H B-25 pa3611JlCR
222-H AI1BI131111 OTOOM611JlCR no aWeJlOHaM B BI1-
lKeHl1eM C nOJlororo nI1Kl1p0BaHI1R 06crpeJll1BaJll1
Ha Tpacce. ,(10 KOHl\a 1942 r. B ap6eHKee npl1HR-
Te6cKe. nOlKap nPQAOJllKaJlCR 60Jlee TpeX CYTOK.
CTORHKI1 caMOJleTOB 11 aHrapbl. Bo 2-M rBapAeH-
JlI1 He 60Jlbwe AeCRTKa «MI1TYeJlJlOB», HO Ha cne-
6blIl0 YHI1YTOlKeHO 24 napoB03a 11 AO 500 BaroHOB.
CKOM nOJlKY 8025J C AOnOJlHl1TeJlbHblMI1 nyJleMeTa-
AYIO~I1H rOA I1X nOWJlO 3HaYI1TeJlbHO 60JlbWe, npl1MepHO 10-20 MaWI1H B MeCRl\. nl1K Ha6mo-
AHaJlOrnYHbie HaJleTbi npoBOAWlI1Cb Ha lKeJle3Ho-
MI1 I1CnOJlb30BaJlI1 AllR HOYHblX WTYpMOBbiX YAa-
AopolKHble y3Jlbl OpWl1, 6pRHcKa, BeJll1KI1X nyK,
POB no aapoApoMaM npoTI1BHI1Ka.
26 60M6aPAI1POB-
6peCTa 11 APyrne. B I1IOHe 1943 r. B-25 pa360M611-
KaK 11 APyrne caMOJleTbI A.Q.Q, «MHTYenIlbl» Bpe-
~I1KOB nepeJleTeJll1 113 ap6eHKca B KpaCHORpCK.
JlI1 HeMel\KI1H aaPQApoM B Ce~e. KorAa HaWI1 BOH-
MeHaMI1 npl1MeHRJlI1Cb B KayeCTBe TpaHcnopTHblX
AaJlCR B eeHTR6pe 1943 r. -
BcneA 3a B-25C CTaJlI1 nocTynaTb B-250. Ha n03AHI1X eepl1RX aTOH MOAl1epI1Kal\1111 nepeWJlI1 K 60Jlee pal\110HallbHOH KOMnOHOBKe o60poHI1TeJlbHOro BOOpYlKeHI1R, 1136aBI1BWI1Cb OT HeHaAelKHOH BblABl1lKHOH 6aWHI1. OAI1H 113 B-250-30 B I1IOHe 1944 r. I1cnblTblBaJlCR B HliIliI BBC. C 1944 r. B COBeTcKoM COlO3e nORBI1JlI1Cb B-25J, KOTopble HaYalll1 nOCTeneHHO CMeHRTb B-25C 11 B-250. KOJll1yeCTBO B-25, HanpaBJlRBWI1XCR B
A,Q,Q,
nOCTORHHO B03paCTallO. ECJlI1 B 1942 r. OHa noJlYYI1Jla Bcero 16 CaMOJleTOB aTOro Tl1na, TO B 1943 r. -129, B 1944 r. -210, a K 1 MaR 1945 r. B 18-10 B03AYWHYIO apMl1lO, B KOTOpylO npe06pa30BaJll1
A,Q,Q,
nocTynl1JlO e~e 128 MaWI1H.
noiJ6umbiu S·25C U3 125-eo aeuanonKa iJanbHeeo iJeucmeuR coeepwun eblHyJKiJeHHylO nocaiJKy, Mapm 1943 e.
26
«ABHaKOMeKUHH»
NQ 2'2003
MaWHH. OH HMeJl eM1G11'i epI03El11SlJK, B KOTOpbll'i npH nepe6a3HpoBaHHH MOJKHO 6blllO 38rpy:lHTb ~eJlOBeK -
p,o 20
TeXHHKOB H OPYJKeI'iHHKoB. B-25 Mor
,11OCTaBHTb,11O 1 T rpy38 Ha paccroSlHHe 2240 KM. BnepBble B KpynHblX MaCWTa6ax 3TH 6oM6ap.QHPOB~HIG1 6blllH npHBll~eHbl .QJlSl nepe6pocKH
rpy:lOB B cl>eBpane 1944
r. C YKpaHHbl OHH nepeBO-
3HllH opYJKHe, M6.QHKaMeHTbl, npo.QoBOllbCTBHe.QJlSl Hapo.QHo-ocB06o.QHTeJlbHol'i apMHH IOrocJlaBHH. B 6oM600TeeKax YCTaHaBllHB8JlH ,11OnollHHTeJlbHble 6eH306aKH, a rpy3 pa3Me~anH B Ka6HHe. K8lK.Qbll'i caMOlleT 6pan .QO 12 napawlOTHblX MeWKOB n.QMM BecOM no 100 Kr, KOTopble c6pacblBanHcb ~epe3 llIOKH. n03JKe ~aCTb rpy38 pa3Me~anacbB 6oM60OTeeKe. CnepBa nOlleTbl B IOrocJlaBHIO ocyti.leCTBIlSlJla cne~HanbHaSl rpynna 15-1'i reap,Qel'iCKol'i ,11HBH3HH no,11 KOMaH.QOBaHHeM Mal'iopa A.n. AY.QHHKa. nepBbl1'i BbllleT COCTOSlllCSl 19 epeBpallSl; H3 weCTH 3KHnaJKel'i TOllbKO O.QHH .QOTSlHYll 06paTHo .QO ceoero a3po.QpoMa, OCTanbHble CeIlH Ha 3anacHblX, 6nHJKe K epPOHTY. B cl>eBpane rpynna coeepWHlla 39 caMOlleTo-BbllleTOB, nepe6poc1-1B 15 T rpy3OB. C 3 MaSl Ha nepeB03KH nepeKll~HllacbnpaKTH~eCKH BCSl .QHBH3HSl -
44 3KHn8JKa. 3TH nOlleTbl
np0.QOJlJKanHCb .QO OCB060>K,QeHHSl
IOrocJlaBHH.
B O.QHOM H3 HHX lle~HK A. KapaK030B Ha.Q no6epeJKbeM LJepHoro MOpSl aTaKOB8Jl H c6Hll HeMe~KHI'i
flU'IHbIU cocmaa 362-eo nonKa nocne HaepaJKOeHUR, 1944 e. Ha 3aoHeM nnaHe 5-25~n, Komopblu a oKmR6pe moeo JKe eooa 6btn c6um HeMe~KUMU ucmpe6umenRMu
6oM6ap.QHpoB~HK, a 3aTeM nOBP6.QHll BTOPOI'i.
neToM 1944 r. «MHT~ellllbl» y~acTBoBallH B
B
AM, TO H 3TH MaWHHbl nepe.QaIlH TY,11a JKe. ABa
a3p0,11pOMe BTOpaSl pe~Ka, ,11pyrol'i -
3a ynpaB-
«B03.QYWHOM MOCTe» B ClloBaKHIO. AnSl 60l'illoB
nepBblx B-25G nOnalla-l B 15-1'i rBap,11el'icKa-l1'i nOllK.
lleHHeM 2-1'i MHHHO-TOpne.QHol'i ,11HBH3HH. MaWH-
ClloBa~KoroHa~HOHallbHoroBOCCTaHHSl .QOCTaB-
nepBblM Ha caMoIleTe 3TOro THna nO.QHSlIlCSl B
Ha H3 14-ro OTpSl,11a 3aTeM nepeWIla B 50-1'i pa3-
IlSlllHCb npoTHBoTaHKoBble pyJKbSl, nylleMeTbl,
B03.QYX nO.QnOllKOBHa-lK B.A. rOp,11HIlOBcKHI'i. Bol'i-
Be.QblBaTellbHbll'i nOllK, Ha Hel'i lleTall KOMaH.QHp
aBTOMaTbl, BHHTOBKH, B3pb1B~aTKa H 60enpHna-
CKOBble HcnblTaHHSl npoBo.QHll 3Ka-lnaJK A.B. Ay-
nOIlKa Mal'iop \II.B. CH.QHH. Bcero BoeHHO-MOp-
Cbl. nH-2 H C-47 ca,11HllHCb Ha a3p0.QpoMe TPH
.QaKOBa. OH C.QeIlall TpH .QHeBHbIX BblIleTa Ha no-
CKOI'i epIlOT oepH~HallbHO nOIlY~HIl BoceMb B-25.
,Qy6a, a B-25 4-1'i rBap.Qel'icKol'i .QHBH3HH (6bIB-
lla-lroH, a 3aTeM npoBell HOYHble cTpellb6bl (~eIlb
AMepHKaHcKHe 60M6ap.QHpOB~HKHycnewHo
wel'i 222-I'i) c6pacblBallH rpy3b1 Ha napawlOTax.
0603Ha~anacbKOCTpaMH). OKa3anocb, ~TO B TeM-
npOBoeBallH y Hac .QO caMoro OKOH~aHHSl 60e-
neTallH OHH H3 KallHHoBKH no.Q BHHHH~el'i.
HOTe nyw~Hbll'i BblCTpeIl OCIlenIlSleT Ile~a-lKa.
BblX .Qel'icTBHI'i. Ha 1 MaSl 1945 r. B COCTaBe coBeTCKHX BBC HMeIlOCb 552 TaKHX caMOIleTa, B
B-25 npHMeHSlllcSl y Hac H KaK .QanbHHI'i pa3B6.Q-
O.QHH a-l3 .QBYX caMOIleTOB (c TeM JKe 3Ka-lna-
~I1K. BnepBble ero B 3TOM Ka~eCTee onpo60B8JlH B
JKeM AY,11aKoBa) npHMeH51IlCSl Ha eppoHTe. B nep-
TOM ~HCIle 398 -
747-M nOllKY B HIOHe 1942 r., a n03JKe HX Ha~anH
BOM JKe 60eBoM BblIleTe 9 OKTSl6pSl HM 6blllH
6a3HpoBaIlHcb BO BHYTpeHHHx BoeHHblX oKpyrax, a 56 HaXO.QHIlHCb B nYTH K MecTy Ha3Ha~eHHSl.
Ha eppoHTe. E~e 98 MaWHH
nOCTaBllSlTb B cne~HanbHble nOllKH .QanbHel'i pa3-
YHH~TOJKeHbl
Be,QKH. nepBble TpH caMOlleTa 3TOro THna nOCTy-
Ha neperoHe M03blPb -
nl1IlH B 4-1'i H 40-1'i nOllKH B HOSl6pe 1942 r. Bno-
nywKH, HenO.QBHJKHbIX HOCOBblX nylleMeToB H
cne.QCTBHH no HecKollbKY MaWHH TaKoro THna HMe-
pa3BepHyTol'i Bnepe.Q 6awHH. Bcero AY.QaKoB
«MH~ellIlbl» npHHSlIlH y~acTHe B nOClle.QHHX
C,11eIlall TpH 60eBbix nOIleTa Ha B-25G, BKllIO-
60eBbix onepa~HSlx COBeTCKHX BOI'iCK npoTHB
IlH
pa3IlH~Hble pa3B6.QblBaTeJlbHble
nOIlKH H 3CKa.Q-
pHIlbH BBC H MOpCKOI'i aBHa~HH. COYeTaHHe MO~ HOrO o6opoHHTeJlbHoro BOOpYJKeHHSl H npeKpacHo-
~aSl
.QBa JKelle3HO.QopOJKHbIX 3weIlOHa
06~He nOTepH B-25 B Hawel'i cTpaHe 3a ro.QbI
rOMeIlb. CTpeIlSlllH H3
BOI'iHbl COCTaBHIlH 201 60M6ap.QHpoB~HK.
repMaHHH, B ~aCTHOCTH, BO B3SlTHH 6epIlHHa.
WTypMOBKy a3p0.QpOMa.
O,11HaKo no pe3YllbTaTaM HCIlblTaHHI'i B-25G COY-
AM
16 anpeIlSl1945 r. nO.QnOIlKOBHHK rOp.QHIlOBcKHI'i,
ra npH60pHoro o60PY,110BaHHSl «MH~eJlIla» n03BO-
Ila-l .QJlSl
HenpHro.QHbIM. PewHIlH, ~TO OTCYT-
IlSlIlO BblnOIlH51Tb nOlleTbl H .QHeM, H HOYblO. v1cnoIlb-
CTBHe HOCOBOI'i WTYPMaHcKol'i Ka6HHbi HeY.Q06Ho,
HO~BeTHbIXOCBeTHTeIlbHblX 60M6, nO.QaIl CHrHaIl
3OB8JlHCb.QJlSl B6.QeHHSl pa3B6.QKH H B-25 H3 ~ac
nepe38p5l.QKa nywKH cna-lWKOM .QJlHTeJlbHa H onac-
K WTypMy 3eeIloBcKHX BblCOT no,11 6epllHHoM.
KOMaH.QHp 250-ro nOIlKa, C6pOCHB CBSl3KY pa3-
Tel'i~. B anpene 1943 r. repol'i COBeTCKOro Co-
Ha (Ha HCIlblTaHa-lSlX paHHllO 38TBOpoM 38MecTHTe-
9 MaSl 1945 r. B-25 y~acTBoBaIlH B npa3.QHH~
1038 B. AparoMHpe~KHI'i H3 14-ro reap,11el'iCKoro
IlSl rnaBHoro HHJKeHepa Kopnyca), C.QBHr ~eHTpoB
HOI'i HIlllIOMHHa~HH MOCKBbl, pac~Be~HBaSl He60
nOIlKa HOYblO, C npHMeHeHHeM OCBeTHTeIlbHblX
KH caMoIleTa Bnep6.Q YXY.QWHll ynpaBllSleMOCTb.
paKeTaMH. CToIlH~a npa3.QHOBalla n06e.QY.
6oM6, CHSlIl MOCT ~epe3 AecHy, a B Mae TaKHM JKe cnoco60M -
JKeJle3HO.Q0poJKHbll'i y3eJl B OpIle.
nocTynHBwHe caMOIleTbl nepe.QaIlH aBHa~Ha-l
B aBrycTe 1945 r. 3TH MaWHHbl npa-lMeHRlla-lCb
epIlOTa. Bce OHH nOnalla-l B pa3Be.QblBaTeIlbHble
B 60eBbix .Qel'icTBa-lSlX npOTHB HnOHa-lH. Ha KypHllax a-lCnOIlb30B8JlHCb H HeCKOllbKO caMoIleToB, no-
BnOIlHe eCTeCTBeHHO, ~TO 3TH caMoIleTbl HMe-
nOIlKH. ABa wTypMoBHKa H3 15-ro rBap.Qel'icKoro
IlHCb H B ~e6Hb1X ~aCTSlX, TaKHX KaK ~e6Hbll'i
nOllKa nepewllH B 118-1'i pa3B6.QblBaTellbHbll'i nOIlK
ll~eHHbiXHeocj>H~HanbHblMnYTeM. OHH 6b111H HH-
nOIlK BoeHHo-B03.QYWHOI'i aKa.QeMHH H 1-$1 BbIC-
BBC CeBepHoro epllOTa. \113 KpynHoKaIlH6epHol'i
TepHHpoBaHbl B 1943-1945 IT. nepBble ~eTblpe
AM.
nYWKa-l B 60eBol'i 06CTaHOBKe, noxoJKe, MopcKHe
a-l3 HHX eeIla-l Ha a3p0.QpoMe Ena-l30BO no.Q neTpo-
O.QHH H3 «MH~eJlIlOB» nonan B CCCP B anpe-
Ile~HKH cTpeIlSlllH Bcero O,11HH pa3: 3KHnaJK Mal'i-
naBllOBCKOM nOCIle HaIleTa aMepa-lKaHcKol'i aBHa-
waR oepH~epCKaSl WKOIla HO~HbIX 3KHnaJKel'i
06b1~HbIM nYTeM. 3TO 6b111a
opa HaKoH~Horo H3 118-ro nOllKa 25 anpeIlSl
~HH Ha o. napaMywHp 11 ceHTSl6pSl 1943 r. 3TH
MaWHHa TOro caMOro KanHTaHa 1I10pKa, KOTOpbll'i
1945 r. aTaKOBall HeMe~KYIO nO.QBo.QHYIO IlO.QKY,
MaWHHbI npHH8.QJleJKallH 77-1'i 60M6aP.QHpOBOYHOI'i 3CKa.QpHllbe BBC apMHa-l CWA. E~e O.QHH
Ile 1942
r. He COBceM
Kor.Qa-TO Pa.QYWHO npHHHMan B ceoel'i 3CKa.QpHIlbe
C.QellaB HeCKOllbKO BblcTpelloB H3 nywKa-l H c6po-
COBeTCKHX Ile~HKOB. OH ~aCTBOB8Jl B 3HaMeHH-
Ca-lB rny6HHHbie 60M6bl. Ha nOBepXHOCTH nOSlBH-
6oM6ap.QHpoB~HK ,1106aBHllCR. ~epe3 ro.Q, 17 eeH-
TOM pel'i.Qe AYllHTTIla Ha TOKHO. 1I10pK fie nOIleTeJl
IlHCb 06110MKa-l a-l MaCIlSlHoe nSlTHO. Cy6MapHHa,
TSl6pSl 1944
B KHTal'i, a CeIl nO.Q Blla.QHBOCTOKOM. CaMOlleT H3Y-
no COBeTCKa-lM .QaHHblM,
12 B-25. nOCIle,11Ha-l1'i H3 HHX, B-25J
48IlCR Ile~HKaMH BBC THXOOKeaHCKoro epIlOTa H
HOI'i, 3Ka-lnaJK nOIl~HIl op,11eHa H Me.QaIlH. HeM~bl
CHllbHO nOBpe>K,QeHHbll'i SlnOHCIG1MH 3eHH~HKaMH,
06neTblB8JlCSl HMH. \113 YHawel'i, r,11e OH npH3eMllHll-
nOTeplO 1l0,11KH He npH3Ha1OT.
ceIl Ha «6plOxo» 10 HIOHSl 1945
CR, era neperHallH Ha a3p0.QpOM CeMeHOBKa, a 38TeM, no npHKa3y KOMaH.QOBaHH51 -
B MOCKBy, B
65-1'i aBHartoIlK oco6oro Ha3Ha~eHHR
~a-lTaeTCSl
nOBpe>K,QeH-
E~e.QBa B-25G n03JKe BOWIlH B COCTaB 15-ro
r. Beero Ha
KaM~aTKe npH3eMIlHIla-lCb
P. YOIl6pHHKa,
r. HeCKoIlbKo ca-
MOIleTOB y.Qanocb oTpeMOHTa-lpOBaTb H nOCTaBHTb
pa3B6.QblBaTeIlbHoro nOllKa Ha 6aIlTHKe. \IIx nep-
B CTpOI'i 128-1'i CMewaHHol'i .QHBH3HH. Ha 27 aB-
Bble 60eBbie BblIleTbl OTHOCSlTCSl K HOSl6plO 1944 r.
rycTa B Hel'i Ha~HTbIBanOCb nSlTb B-25, H3 HHX ~eTblpe B 903-M 6oM6ap.QHpoBOYHoM nOIlKY. Bee
OceHblO 1943 r. no AJlC\II6y H3 CWA npH6bl-
Ha THXOM OKeaHe B-25 nOSlBHllHCb B KOH~e
IlO HeCKOIlbKO caMolleToB THna B-25G. nOCKOllb-
1944 r. O.QHH caMolleT ~HCllHllCSl 3a 14-M CMe-
OHH 6blIlH pa3Hbix MO.QHepa-lKa~HI'i-
KY Bee
waHHblM aBHaoTpSl.QoM, 6a3HpoBaBWHMC51
\IIx a-lCnOIlb30BaIlH KaK ~e6Hble, .QJlSl nO.QroToBKH
«MH~ellllbl»
TOr,11a
KOH~eHTpHpOBallHCb
Ha
.ABHaKOMeKUHSl"
N!! 2'2003
C,
D,
G, H J.
27
3Kl-1nalKe~ K nepexoAY Ha aMepl-1KaHCKl-1e 60M6apAl-1pOBl1\I-1KI-1 A-20, a TalOKe AmI pa3Ill-14HbiX BcnOMOraTeIlbHblX 4eIle~. C OKOH4aHI-1eM BO~Hbl 1-1 npeKpal1\eHl-1eM cpoKOB Ae~cTBI-1~ nporpaMMbl IleHA-IlI-13a COBeTCKI-1~
Pa30pYJKeHHblU B-25J ucnonb30aanCR onR ucnblmaHuu a3nemHblX yCKopumeneu CY-1500
COlO3 06~3aH 6blIl cAaTb caMOIleTbl 06paTHo aMepl-1KaH4aM. 06bl4HO 3Ta np04eAypa CBOAI-1IlaCb K YHI-14TolKeHI-11O TeXHI-1KI-1 nOA KOHTpoIleM aMepl-1KaHCKI-1X npeACTaBI-1TeIle~. B 1945---1947 nr. 4aCTb
MaWI-1H
lKeHa
nOA
Ae~CTBI-1TeIlbHO
HaA30POM
6blIla
I-1HCneKTOpOB
YHI-14TO-
1-13 CWA.
B 4aCTHOCTI-1, TaKl-1e pa60Tbl BeIll-1Cb nOA BI-1HHI-14e~. 50M6aPAI-1POBl1\I-1KI-1 AaBI-1IlI-1 TpaKTOpaMI-1. Ho 3Ta Y4aCTb nOCTl-1ma AaIleKO He Bce «MI-1T4eIlIlbl». nepeBoopylKeHl-1e COBeTCKO~ AaIlbHe~ aBl-1a41-11-1 Ha B-25 npoAoIllKaIlocb 1-1 nOCIle BO~Hbl. Ha-
crynaTb TYAa C 1943
npl-1Mep, K 1946 r. I-1MI-1 nOIlHOCTblO OCHaCTI-1IlI-1
B-25. rQAOM n03>Ke KHI-1M Ao6aBl-1Ill-1Cb el1\e AeB~Tb,
330-~ nOIlK B 506py~cKe. AMepl-1KaHCKl-1e caMO-
HO HeHaA0Ilro -
r.,
KorAa rB4> nOIlY41-1Il ABa
PYKOBOAI-1BWI-1~TOrAa rB4> MapwaIl aBI-1a41-11-1 4>.A. ACTaxoB
06paTI-1IlC~
K
wTa6y
BBC
C
AM.
npocb60~ nepeAaTb 1-13Ill-1WHI-1e B-25 B ero Be-
IleTbl COXpaH~IlI-1Cb TaM AO nepeXOAa Ha Ty-4 B
CnepBa I-1X npl-1MeH~IlI-1 KaK caMoIleTbl-Il\-1Aepbl npl-1
AOMCTBO. OAHaKo nOIlY41-1Il OTKa3. An~ TOro, 4TO-
1949 r.
neperoHKe I-1CTpe6I-1TeIle~no AnC1I15y, a TalOKe AIl~
6bl «AeM06I-1IlI-130BaTb» HylKHoe KOIll-14eCTBO
50Ilee TOro, B nepBble nOCIleBoeHHbie
rQAbl B-25 C4I-1TaIlC~ OCHOBHblM caMoIleToM AaIlb-
06Y4eHI-1~
4aCTb npl-1WIlOCb cAaTb
Ha4aIle
60M6apAl-1pOBl1\I-1KOB, nOTpe60BaIlOCb 6b1 pac-
1945 r. «MI-1T4eIlIlbl» peWI-1IlI-1 nepeAaTb B 3-10 AI-1-
IleT nl-1-2 npeAcTaBIl~Il c060~ 3p3a4-60M6apAI-1-
BI-131-11O CB~3I-1, 6a3I-1POBaBWYIOC~ Ha nOAMOCKOBHOM
41-11-1. KOMaHAOBaHl-1e BBC Ha 3TO He nOWIlO.
POBl1\I-1K, BblHYlKAeHHO nepeAeIlaHHbl~ 1-13 nacca-
a3poAPoMe M~4KOBO. Ee OCHOBHO~ 3aAa4e~ 6blIla
lKI-1pCKOro Ila~Hepa. nOCIle BO~Hbl OHI-1 BepHyIll-1cb
nepeB03Ka KYPbePOB 1-1 AOKYMeHTa41-11-1 K
K nepeB03KaM IlIOAe~ 1-1 rpy30B I-1IlI-1 6blIll-1 nepe-
06paTHo. B KeHepbl AI-1BI-131-11-1 pa3pa-
BeAeHbl B BoeHHO-TpaHcnopTHylO a BI-1a41-1 10. Ye-
6oTaIll-1 npoeKT nePeAeIlKl-1 B-25 B CB~3HO~ caMo-
TblpeXMOTOpHblX ne-8 OCTaIlOCb 04eHb HeMHoro.
IleT. B MapTe B M~4KOBO npl-16blIll-1 ABe MaWI-1Hbl,
np0l-13BOACTBO yCTapeBWI-1X lI1Il-4 npeKpaTI-1Ill-1,
npl-14eM 000 -
He~ aBl-1a41-11-1. CaMbl~ MaCCOBbl~ B
AM
caMO-
IleT4I-1KOB-neperoHl1\I-1KoB.
MQAI-1
G.
B
"caMOIleTbl 1-13
3-~
AI-1BI-131-11-1
CB~31-1
nepeWIlI-1
, K 7lKYTCKOMy ynpaBIleHl-11O rB4> 1-1 IleTaIlI-1 TaM AO Ho~6p~ 1948 r. HeKoTopoe KOIll-14ecrBO B-25 nOCIle BO~Hbl I-1CnOIlb30BaIla TaK
Ha3blBaeMa~ BeAOMCTBeHHa~
B TOM lKe M~
aBl-1a41-1~. CPeAl-1 BIlaAeIlb4eB «MI-1T4eIlIlOB» 41-1C-
nOCKOIlbKY OHI-1 y>t<e COBceM He COOTBeTCTBOBa-
4e nepBa~ 1-13 HI-1X nOABepmaCb Aopa60TKe. no-
IlI-1IlI-1Cb nOIl~pHa~ aBl-1a41-1~ rYCMn, rIlaBHoe
IlI-1 Tpe6yeMoMy ypOBHIO. OCTaBaIlI-1Cb B-25, KO-
3,QHee OHa npoWIla I-1CnbITaHI-1~ B HlI1l11 rB4>;
Ile-
ynpaBIleHl-1e Il1ApOMeTeoCIly>t<6bl (rYrMC), rIlaB-
Topble AOIllKHbl 6blIll-1 HeCTI-1 CBOIO HOWy AO no-
TaIl Ha He~ 5. OCTan4yK. C anpeIl~ Ha4aIlaCb I-1X
Hoe ynpaBIleHl-1e reOAe31-11-11-1 KapTOrpa
CTynIleHI-1~ AOCTaT04Horo KOIll-14eCTBa Ty-4.
nOCTO~HHa~ 3KcnnyaTa41-1R B I-1IOHe K AByM I-1MeB-
MI-1HI-1CTepCTBa aBl-1a41-10HHO~ npoMblWIleHHOCTl-1,
YlKe nOCIle BO~Hbl B CCCP OCBOI-1IlI-1 3IleKT-
WI-1M~ paHee caMoIleTaM Ao6aBI-1Il~ Tpern~.
reOIlOrnl-1 1-1 PbI6HO~ npoMblWIleHHOCTl-1, «,QaIlbCTPO~» MB,Q -
«4apCTBO» Ilarepe~ Ha ,QaIlbHeM
p1-14eCKI-1~ aBTOnl-1IlOT C-1, CB~3aHHbl~ C BbICO-
PyKOBOAcTBO rB4> paCC4I-1TbiBaIlo Ha AOBOIlb-
KOT04HbiM npl-14eIlOM HOPAeH M-9, yCTaHaBIlI-1-
HO Wl-1pOKOe npl-1MeHeHl-1e «MI-1T4eIlIlOB» B rpalK-
BOCTOKe 1-1 rIlaBHoe ynpaBIleHl-1e Ilarepe~ roPHOMeTaIlIlyprn4ecKO~ npOMblWIleHHOCTI-1 MB,Q.
BaBWI-1MC~ Ha B-25J. KCTaTl-1, B KOH4e 1945 r.
AaHcKo~ aBI-1a41-11-1 nOCIle BO~Hbl. no MHeHl-11O cne-
nonblTaIlI-1Cb 3aMeHI-1Tb M-9 Ha el1\e 60Ilee co-
41-1aIll-1CTOB 1-13 HlI1l11 rB4>, 3KOHOMI-14eCKI-1e nOKa-
nOIl~pHa~ aBl-1a41-1~ nOIlY41-1Ila nepBbl~ B-25
BepweHHble HeMe4KI-1e «neTCpe-7». OKOIlO Tbl-
3aTeIll-1 pa30py>t<eHHbIX B-25 npl-16Ill-1lKaIll-1Cb K
(c 60pTOBbiM HOMepOM H-366) el1\e B 1944 r. Ho 60IlbWOro ycnexa y nOIl~pHbIX IleT4I-1KOB OH He
TaKI-1X npl-14eIlOB 3aXBaTI-1Ill-1 Ha CKIlaAax
C-47 1-1 nl-1-2. lI1x 3aKIlt04eHl-1e maCI-1IlO: «CaMOIleT
qmpMbl «KapIll...le~cc».npl-1cnOC061-1Tb «neTCpe»
B-25 ~BIl~eTC~ Hal-160Ilee peHTa6eIlbHbiM 1-13 BO-
1-1 MeIl , 1-1 B ~HBape 1945 r. ero nepeAaIlI-1 «,QaIlb-
K yCTaHoBKe Ha B-25 nOMOraIlI-1 Cne41-1aIll-1CTbi 1-13
eHHblX caMoIleTOB. MOlKeT 6blTb I-1CnOIlb30BaH B
CTPOIO». n03lKe rYCMn nOIlY4I-1IlO OT rYnrMn
repMaHI-1I-1. Ho HeMe4KI-1e npl-14eIlbi 1-1 aMepl-1KaH-
rB4> B Ka4eCTBe rpY30BOro 1-1 rpY3O-f1accaJKl'!p-
el1\e 0AI-1H caMoIleT. B ~HBape 1947 r. OH cOBep-
CKl-1e aBTOnl-1IlOTbl OKa3aIll-1Cb HeCOBMeCTI-1Mbl -
CKOro 3Kcnpecca Ha OCHOBHblX
C~41-1
B CI-1CTeMe B03HI-1KaIll-1 KOIle6aHI-1~, C61-1BaBWI-1e 60M6apAl-1pOBl1\I-1K C 60eBoro Kypca. 14-~ AI-1BI-131-1~ nOA nOIlTaBO~ 3KcnnyaTl-1poBa-
MarI-1CTpaIl~X».
5blIll-1 pa3pa60TaHbi ABa Bapl-1aHTa nepeAeIl-
WI-1Il BblHYlKAeHHYIO nocaAKy Ha «6plOxo». noIl~PHI-1KI-1 ero oTpeMOHTl-1pOBaIll-1, npelKHee 060-
KI-1: rpY30BO~ 1-1 rpY30-naccalKl-1pCKI-1~.
nepBbl~
3Ha4eHI-1e X-717 3aMeHI-1Ill-1 Ha H-445. CaMoIleT
nepeB031-1Il 2700 Kr rpy3a, BTOPO~ -
1400 Kr
I-1CnOIlb30BaIlC~ MOCKOBCKI-1M OTP~AOM, 6a3l-1po-
A BOT CMewaHHbl~ Kopnyc Ha
nIlIOC n~Tb-BoceMbnaCCalKl-1poB. nlOAe~ c061-1-
BaBWI-1MC~ Ha a3poAPoMe 3axapKoBo (Ha Tep-
KaM4aTKe MeH~ I-1X Ha peaKTI-1BHbie lI1Il-28 B 1953 r.
paIlI-1Cb pa3MeCTI-1Tb B Ka61-1He 3a 60M600TceKoM.
pl-1TOpl-11-1 HblHewHero r. XI-1MKI-1). 3TOT B-25 cnl-1CaIlI-1 B nepBo~ nOIlOBI-1He 1950 r.
Ila B-25 AO 1950
r.
B HeKoTopblX CIlY4a~x «MI-1T4eIlI1» I-1CnOIlb30Ba-
C caMOIleTa XOTeIlI-1 CH~Tb Bce BoopYlKeHl-1e,
IlI-1 KaK nepexoAHylO Mawl-1HY npl-1 OCBoeHl-11-1 Ty-4.
BHYTpeHHl-1e neperopoAKl-1, 3aAeIlaTb 60M60IllOK,
rl-1APoMeTeocIlYlK6a 3KcnIlyaTI-1poBaIla 6b1B-
1I13-3a HeXBaTKI-1 3an4aCTe~, B nepBylO 04epeAb K
nepeHeCTI-1 B APyroe MecTO paAl-1ocTaH41-11O. 3a-
wl-1e 60M6aPAI-1POBl1\I-1KI-1 B Ka4eCTBe pa3BeA41-1KOB
ABl-1raTeIl~M, 60ecnoc06HoCTb aMepI-1KaHCKO~Tex-
rpY304Hbie IlIOKI-1 nIlaHl-1pOBaIlI-1 npope3aTb B HO-
noroAbl 1-1 IlbAOB -
HI-1KI-1 nOCTO~HHO naAaIla. 3TO BblHYAI-1IlO BHOBb
COBO~ 4aCTI-1 CHI-13Y 1-1 nOA KpbIIlOM. naCCalKl-1p-
BepHYTb B HeKoTopble nOIlKI-1 CTapble lI1Il-4. He60Ilbwoe KOIll-14eCTBO caMoIleTOB I-1cnOIlb30BaIlOCb B rpa>KAaHCKO~ aBl-1a41-11-1. OHI-1 Ha4aIll-1 no-
28
"ABltaKOAAeKUItSilt
N!! 2'2003
3,QeCb npl-1roAI-1IlaCb I-1X 60Ilb-
CKI-1~ Bapl-1aHT AOIllKeH 6blIl el1\e nOIlY41-1Tb KpecIla 1-1 OKHa B 60pTax. Ho KOM
flemafOUCuu cmeHo onR ucnblmaHuu peaKmuaHoeo oaueamenR P,[l-10IP
wa51 t:\anbHOCTb nOIleTa. nl-lK 41-lCIleHHOCTI-l napKa npl-lWeIlC5I Ha I-lIOHb 1947 r. - BoceMb caMoIleTOB. ,[IaIlee I-lX KOIll-l4eCTBO nOCTeneHHO CHI-l>KaIlOCb 3a cyeT 1-l3HOca I-l aBapl-llii. TaK, 6 CeHT5I6p51 1947 r. npl-l neperoHKe caMoIleTa M-345 C a3pot:\poMa Ha6epe>KHa51 B neHI-lHrpat:\ cpa3y nOCIle B3IleTa B03HI-lK nO>Kap IleBoro MOTopa. CaMoIleT ynan Ha >KI-lIlolii AOM I-l cropen. V13 3Kl-lna>Ka OCTanC5I B >KI-lBbIX TOIlbKO pat:\I-lCT. Ot:\Ha naCCa>Kl-lpKa nOrl-l6Ila, t:\pyrl-le nOIlyYl-lIlI-l paHeHl-l5l. B t:\OMe norl-l6 MaIleHbKl-l1ii Mam,o.mK I-l 6blIla paHeHa ero MaTb. CaMoIleTbl, npI-lHat:\Ile>KaBWl-le MB,[I, 51BIl5lIlI-lCb npocTo rpY30Bb1MI-l. Ot:\I-lH 6blIl Y «,[IaIlbCTp05l» I-l t:\Ba y rYnrMn (B OTp5lt:\e, 06cIly>tKI-lIlI-l I-l MaWI-lHbl MI-lHI-lCTepCTBa aBl-lanpoMblwIleHHOCTI-l. B CeHT5I6pe 1947 r. ot:\Ha 1-l3 HI-lX (V1-850) BO BpeM5I pelilca B Ka3aHb cOBepWI-lIla 1-l3-3a nO>Kapa BbIHy>Kt:\eHH.YIO nocaAKy BO BHyKoBe I-l Bpe3aIlacb B V1Il-12. Becb 3Kl-lna>K I-l naCCa>Kl-lpbl B-25 nOr1-l6IlI-l. CaMoIleTbl aBl-laOTp5lt:\oB MI-lHI-lCTepCTBa reoIlOrl-l1-l (OHI-l BXOt:\I-lIlI-l B TpecT «A3poreOIlOrI-l5l») B OCHOBHOM oCYl1.leCTBIl5lIlI-l epoTocbeMKy paliioHoB pa60T reOIlOrl-l4eCKI-lX napTI-liii. V1x 6blIlO HeMHOro, Ha 1 51HBap5l1950 r. 3a 3TI-lM Bet:\OMCTBOM 41-lCIlI-lIlI-lCb Bcero Tpl-l MaWI-lHbl. MI-lHI-lCTepCTBo Pb16Holil npoMblwIleHHOCTI-l BOCT04HbiX paliioHoB B I-lIOIle-ceHT5I6pe nblTaIlOCb I-lCnOIlb30BaTb B-25 AIl51 nOI-lCKa cKOnIleHl-l1ii Pbl6bl B TI-lXOM OKeaHe, HO Heyt:\a4Ho - pew I-lIlI-l, 'ITO CKOpOCTb MaWI-lHbl CIlI-lWKOM BeIlI-lKa. KpOMe OAHOro caMoIleTa, HaXOt:\I-lBweroC5I B pacnOp5l>KeHI-lI-l rIlaBCaXaIlI-lHpbl6npOMa, el1.le ABa B-25 6a31-lpOBaIll-lCb B MocKBe. B H05l6pe 1948 r. MOCKOBCKI-llii aBl-laOTp5lt:\ IlI-lKBI-lt:\l-lpOBaIlI-l. Ot:\I-lH caMOIleT CnI-lCaIlI-l, a BTOpolil nepet:\aIlI-l ... rapa>Ky MI-lHI-lCTepCTBa «6e3 npaBa BMewaTeIlbCTBa B OnepaTI-lBHO-TeXHI-l4ecKYIO pa60TY... ». 3TOT caMoIleT 51BIl5lIlC5I nepcoHanbHblM «IlI-lMY3I-lHOM» MI-lHI-lCTpa I-l I-lMeIl 061-lTbilii 6apxaToM caIlOH-IlIOKC Ha 4eTblpe-n5lTb MeCT. AHaIlOrl-l4Hbie nepet:\eIlKI-l BblnOIlH5IIlI-lCb KaK B rpa>Kt:\aHcKoliI, TaK I-l B BoeHHolii aBl-lal.ll-ll-l. not:\06Hble MaWI-lHbl I-lMeIlI-lCb B 65-M nOIlKY BBC BM. CpeAI-l HI-lX 6blIll-l t:\Ba pa30pY>KeHHblX B-25G I-l caIlOHHbllil «IlI-lMY3I-lH» Ha 6a3e B-25J. B 1~7 r. Qt:II-lH B-25G nepeo60pyt:\oBanI-l B neHI-lH-
B-25C
8 My3ee
BBC
POCCUU 8 MOHUHO
rpat:\e B Cnel.ll-laIlbHbllii wTa6Holii caMOIleT AIl51 KOMaHt:\YIOl1.lero BBC BM. 4acTb MaWI-lH npl-lcnOC061-lIll-l AIl51 pa3Il1-l4HblX 3KCnepI-lMeHTOB. Ot:\I-lH 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lK nepet:\eIlaIlI-l B IleTalOl1.l1-l1ii cTeHt:\ AIl51 l-lCJ1bITaHI-l51 peaKTI-lBHblX t:\Bl-lraTeIlelii. TpeT1-l1ii ABl-lraTeIlb y Hero CT05lIl Ha nl-lIlOHe Hat:\ epI03eIl5l>KeM. B 4aCTHOCTI-l, Ha 3Tolil MaWI-lHe I-lCnblTblBaIlI-l TP,[I P,[I-10. B 1947-1948 rr. Ha B-25J (6e3 Boopy>KeHI-l5l) onpo60Banl-lCb OTeYeCTBeHHble B3IleTHble yCKOpl-lTeIlI-l «93-1» (nopoxoBble) I-l CY-1500 (c>KP,[I). B 1948 r. B nV1V1 I-lCnblTblBaIlI-l oTt:\eIl5leMYIO Ka61-lHy 3KCnepl-lMeHTanbHoro paKeTHoro caMoIleTa «346». B 1947-1948 IT. t:\Ba B-25G yYacTBoBaIll-l B nporpaMMe OTpa60TKI-l nIlaHl-lpYIOl1.lelii TOPnet:\bl «~YKa» B EBnaTOpl-ll-l. Ot:\I-lH caMoIleT BO31-lIl MaKeT TOpnet:\bl, a Ha BTOpOM onp060BaIll-l cI-lcTeMY HaBet:\eHI-l5l; B eMKOM eplO3eIl5l>Ke pa3MeCTI-lIlI-l I-lH>KeHepa-onepaTOpa C annapaTypolii. B OK6-115 B 1949 r. pa3pa60Tanl-l cI-lcTeMY «6ypIlaK». C ee nOM0l1.lblO npet:\nOIlaraIlOCb yBeIll-l41-lTb pat:\I-lYc AelilcTBI-l51 peaKTI-lBHblX I-lcTpe61-lTeIlelil, KOTopb11il nOHa4aIlY 6blIl 04eHb He60IlbWI-lM. 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lK CTbIKOBaIlC5I C I-lcTpe61-lTeIleM B B03t:\yxe I-l t:\aIlee T5IHYIl ero Ha 6yKcl-lpe. CnepBa 3KCnepl-lMeHTI-lpOBaIll-l C Ty-2 I-l 5'lK-23, a 38TeM npl-lcnOC061-lIll-l B-25 I-l 5'lK-25 (nepBylO MaWI-lHY not:\ 3TI-lM 0603Ha4eHl-leM, C Ot:\HI-lM t:\Bl-lra-
TeIleM). 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lK Ile6et:\Kolii 6nK-1 BblnycKaIl Ha Tpoce BOpOHKy. V1CTpe61-lTeIlb Hec B HOCOBolii 4aCTI-l «rapnyH» C WapHl-lpOM, KOTOpblM t:\OIl>KeH 6blIl nonaCTb B BOpOHKy. V1cnblTaHI-lS'l «6ypIlaKa» npOBOt:\I-lIlI-lCb B nV1V1 B I-lIOHe 1949 - MapTe 1950 r. Ha 5'lK-25 IleTaIl C.H. AHOXI-lH, Ha B-25 nl-lIlOT TOpOl1.leHKo. Yt:\a4Ho npOBeIlI-l ceMb Cl.lenOK. V1cnblTaHI-lS'l npot:\OIl>KI-lIlI-l B I-lIOIle. Tenepb' B-25 nl-lIlOTl-lpOBaIl B.. XanoB. Ha BTOpOM 3Tane BbInOIlH5IIlI-l H04Hble Cl.lenKI-l, AIl51 4ero Ha 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lK noCTaBI-lIlI-l cl-lrHaIlbHYIO KpacHylO epapy, a Ha BOpOHKe 3aKpenl-lIll-l cBeTOOTpa>KaTeIlI-l. V1CTpe61-lTeIlb not:\CBeYI-lBaIl ce6e nOC8A04Holii epapolil, KOTOpylO cnel.ll-lanbHO pa3BepHyIll-l HeMHoro BBepx. «MI-lT4eIlIl» Tal1.lI-lIl I-lcTpe61-lTeIlb Ha CKOpOCTI-l 320330 KM/4 I-l Mor n03BOIll-lTb ce6e TOIlbKO nIlaBHble 3BOIlIOl.lI-lI-l. Pa60Tbi no CI-lCTeMe «6ypIlaK» BeIll-lCb t:\0 1956 r., HO B Ka4eCTBe· 6yKcl-lpOBl1.lI-lKa y>t<e I-lCnOIlb30BaIll-l Ty-4, a T5IHYIlI-l Ml-lr-15. V13 Bcex nOCTaBIleHHblX B CCCP B-25 B HaCT05ll1.lee BpeM5I COXpaHI-lIlC5I Bcero Ot:\I-lH. 3Ta MaWI-lHa He BoeBaIla, a COBepWI-lIla BbIHy>Kt:\eHHylO nocat:\KY Ha Tpacce AnCV16a I-l MHOro IleT npOIle>KaIla B Talilre. Ee BOCCTaHOBI-lIlI-l Ha HoBOCI-l61-lpCKOM aBl-lal.lI-lOHHOM 3aBot:\e I-l nepet:\aIll-l B My3elil B MOHI-lHO. TaM caMoIleT 3KCnOHI-lpyeTc5I no celil t:\eHb Ha oTKpblTolii nIlOl1.lat:\Ke.
06LUM1 OUEHKA ECIlI-l cpaBHI-lBaTb t:\aHHble B-25 CA8HHbIMI-l APYrnx 6oM6apt:\l-lpoBl1.lI-lKOB TOro >Ke nepl-lQt:la I-l TOro >Ke Ha3Ha4eHI-l51 (CM. Ta6Il.1), TO BI-lAHO, 'lT0 OH 6blIl «cepe,QH5I4KOM», He BblAen5l5lCb HI-l OCo6eHHO 6oIlbwolil CKOpOCTblO, HI-l nOTOIlKOM, HI-l t:\aIlbHOCTblO nOIleTa, HI-l 60M60Bolii Harpy3Kolii. Et:\I-lHCTBeHHoe ero Heocnopl-lMOe npel-lMYl1.leCTBO - M0l1.lb o6opoHl-lTeIlbHOro aoopy>t<eHI-lR B-25J B Bapl-laHTe 6oM6aPt:\l-lpoBl1.lI-lKa Hec t:\o 12 KpynHoKanl-l6epHblx nyIleMeTOB, a B WTYPMOBOM - 18. B CWA OCHOBHblM KOHKypeHToM B-25 51BIl5lIlCS'l60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lK MapTI-lH B-26 «Mapot:\ep». OH 6blIl HeMHoro T5I>KeIlee, HO OCHal1.laIlC5I 60Ilee MOl1.lHblMI-l t:\Bl-lraTeIl5lMI-l I-l 06nat:\aIl 60Ilbwelil CKOpOCTblO I-l Ily4welil MaHeBpeHHocTblO, npl-l 3TOM yCTyna51 «MI-lT4eIlIlY» no nOToIlKY I-l t:\aIlbHOCTI-l nOIleTa. Ho B-25 OKa3aIlC5I t:\eweBIle I-l yt:\06Hee B np01-l3Bot:\cTBe I-l peMoHTe, MeHee «npI-lBepet:\IlI-lB» K Ka4ecTBY a3pot:\poMOB, np0l1.le B nI-lIlOTl-lpOBaHI-lI-l. n03TOMY y aMepl-lKaHl.leB np01-l30WIlO eCTeCTBeHHoe pa3t:\eIleHl-le 6-25 I-l B-26 no cepepaM npl-lMeHeHl-l5l. «MapoAepbl» t:\elilcTBoBaIlI-l B OCHOBHOM B EBpone, a «MI-lT4eIlIlbl» WIlI-l Ha nepl-lepepl-lliIHble TeaTpbl
60eBbiX t:\elilcTBI-lIiI, rt:\e MO>KHO 6blIlO B nOIlHolii Mepe I-lCnOIlb30BaTb I-lX t:\OCTOI-lHCTBa. B CCCP, rt:\e 3TI-l caMoIleTbl 3KcnnyaTI-lpoBanl-l BAM, B-25 CpaBHI-l8aIll-l C OCHOBHblM HaWI-lM t:\aIlbHI-lM 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lKOM V1Il-4. npl-l 3TOM cpaBHeHI-lI-l, 6e3yCIlOBHO, CIlet:lyeT yYeCTb, 'lT0 V1Il-4 (l...lK6-30Kt:\eHI-le OT npoeKTa 6IlI-l>KHero 60M6apt:\l-lpOBl1.lI-lKa 66-2 (l...lK6-26) I-l IlI-lWb npl-lcnoca6nI-lBanc5I K epyHK1.11-l5lM caMoIleTa 60IlbWOro p8t:\I-lYca t:\eIilCTBI-lR Hawl-l 3Kl-lna>K1-l OTMe4aIll-l xopowl-le nI-lIlOTa>KHble Ka4eCTBa B-25. OH 6blIl BnOIlHe AOCTyneH AIl51 OCBOeHI-l51 cpet:\HI-lM neT4I-lKOM, He I-lMeIl CYl1.leCTBeHHbIX Het:\OCTaTKOB BO B3IleTHo-nocat:\04Hb1X xapaKTepl-lCTI-lKaX, nyTeBolii YCTOIiI4I-lBOCTI-l. nOcIlet:\Hee - BeCbMa Ba>KHbllii nIlIOC, no cpaBHeHl-l1O C V1Il-4, KOTOpbllil 1-l3MaTbiBaIl nI-lIlOTOB, He t:\aBaS'l npaKTI-l4eCKI-l HI-l Ha ceKYHt:\y 6poCI-lTb wTypBaIl. «OTperyIll-lpOBaHHbllii Tpl-lMMepaMI-l, caMOIleT caM CTpeMI-lTCS'I COXpaH5ITb 3at:\aHHoe nOnO>KeHl-le I-lIlI-l BOCCTaHaBIlI-lBaTb ero, B
CIlyYae, eCIlI-l KaKa5l-TO npl-l41-lHa BblBeIla ero 1-l3 3TOro nOIlO>KeHI-l5l», 3TO Bblt:\ep>KKa 1-l3 OTYeTa no I-lCnbiTaHI-l5lM B-250 B HV1V1 BBC. ,[Ia I-l nl-lIlOTOB Ha aMepl-lKaHcKolii MaWI-lHe 6blIlO t:\Ba. OHI-l not:\MeH5IIlI-l t:\pyr t:\pyra B t:\aIlbHeM noIleTe I-lIlI-l B cIlyYae KaKolil-TO He06xot:\I-lMOCTI-l. Ha V1Il-4 aBTOnl-lIlOT 6blIl pet:\KoCTblO, Ha B-25 - CTaHt:\apTHbiM 060pyt:\OBaHl-leM. KpoMe TOro, 'H8t:\e>KHOCTb aMepl-lKaHCKI-lX aBTOnl-lIlOTOB 0l.leHI-lBanaCb HaMHoro Bblwe, 4eM COBeTCKI-lX, CKOnl-lpoBaHHblX C YCTapeBwl-lx 3aOKeaHCKI-lX 06pa31.10B. XOT5I B-25 C ero TpexKoIlecHblM waccl-l Tpe60BaIlocb 60Ilee BblCOKoe Ka4eCTBO nOt:\roTOBKI-l a3p0t:\poMOB, HOCOBoe KOIleco 06eCne41-lBaIlO I-l CBOI-l npeI-lMYl1.leCTBa. neTYI-lK-I-lCnbITaTeIlb V1.V1. Wenecr nl-lcan: «TpeXKonecHoe waC01 A8BaIlO oTMeHHbl1ii 0630P Ha pyIleHI-lI-l, 6e3ynpeYHylO MaHeBpeHHocTb Ha 3eMIle, t:\eIlaIlO caMOIleT B-25 BeCbMa M061-lIlbHbiM npl-l t:\BI-l>KeHI-lI-l no 6eToHy, npl-l BblpYIlI-lBaHl-l1-l Ha cTapT, OTpYIlI-lBaHl-l1-l C noC8A04HOIii nOIlOCbl». B3IleT I-l nOC8AKa Ha «MI-lT4eIlIle» BbInOIlH5IIlI-lCb npol1.le, 4eM Ha V1Il-4. «CaMOIleT Ha pa36ere YCTOIiI4I-lB. HI-lKaKI-lX TeHt:\eHl.ll-llil K pa3BopOTaM He I-lMeeT I-l XopOWO cIlywaeT-
«A8HaKOMeKUHlI»
N!! 2'2003
29
TTX
Pa3MaX Kjlblna, M AnI1Ha, M BbicoTa, M Bee nycroro, Kf Bee B3neTHblH, MaKC., Kr CKOpocTb MaKC., KM/y AanbHocTb, KM npaKTl1yeCKI1H nOTonOK, M MOTOpbl, KOIl-BO x MOUlH., n.c. 3KI1naJK, Yen. 6oM60BaSl Harpy3Ka, Kr
pa3JIHQUhIX MO~HclJHKau.HH B-25
NA-40B
NA-40
B-25 (NA-62)
B-25A (NA-62A)
B-25B NA-62B)
B-25C
B-25D
F-10
B-25G
B-25H
B-25J
20,12 14,57 4,57 5601
20,12 14,57 4,57
-
20,57 16,49 4,52 7604
20,6 16,49 4,8 8104
20,6 16,13 4,8 9070
20,6 16,13 4,83 9206
20,6 16,13 4,83 9206
20,6 16,13 4,98 8980
20,6 15,54 4,8 9060
20,6 15,54 4,8 9060
20,59 16,3 4,88 8840
9070
8844
12385
12290
12907
15420
15420
14640
15870
15190
15150
464 1900
433 2010'
520 3230
509 2180
485 2100
459 2420
459 2420
485 4850
454 3960'
441 4360'
444 5235'
7620
7925
9145
8230
7160
6460
6460
7620
7410
7560
7470
2x1600 5
2x1100 5
544
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5
544
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5 1360
2x1700 5 1450
2x1700 6 1815
-
'neperoHOYHaSl
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AOCAA, 1986. 7. nanepHO AX neHA-Il~3. T~x~~ OKeaH, M., Teppa, 1998. 8. CaMolleT HopT-AMep~KeH B-25C, B-25D ~ B-25J, M., Blil MBC, 1946. 9. CnpaB04H~K no ~MnopTHo~ MaTep~allbHo~ 4acT~ ~ aB~a~MYll1eCTBY, M., BOeH~3,QaT, 1943. 10. CynpyH M.H. neHA-Il~3 ~ ceBepHble KOHBO~, 19411945 rr., M., AHApeeBcK~~ epllar, 1997. 11. WellecT lil.lil. KpblllaTble IlIOA~, M., MocKoBcK~~ pa604~~, 1980. 12. Avery N. B-25 Mitchell: the magnificent medium, SI. Paul, 1992. 13. Francaglia R. The Alaska-Siberia Aircraft Ferry Project 1942-1945, N.Y., 1973. 14. Freeman R. North American B-25 Mitchell USAAF, 1941-1945, Camouflage and marking No.22, L., 1973. 15. Hays O. Home from Siberia, Dallas, 1990. 16. Lucas R. Eagles east, Tallahassee, 1970. 17. McDowell E. B-25 Mitchell in action, Carrollton, 1978. 18. Musialkowski L. Samolot bombowy B-25 Mitchell, TBU No.99, Warszawa, 1985. 19. Pace S. B-25 Mitchell, Osceola, 1994. 20. Wagner R. The North American B-25A to G Mitchell, Profile No.59, Windsor, 1973.
H.lil. n~cTaR lleTHylO KH~>KKyl Ha 3eMlle, B He6ecax ~ Ha Mope, M., BOeH~3,QaT, 1987. 2. B~HTep~3a4~R caMOlleTOB B-25D ~ B-25H, North American, Inglewood, 1943. 3. 3HaMeHcK~~ n.M. KOHCTpYKT~BHaR ~ C~1l0BaR cxeMbl caMolleTa HopT-AMep~KeH B-25C, M., 6HT l..\Aflil, 1942. 4. lilHCTPYK4~R lleT4~KY no n~1l0T~pOBaH~1O ~ 3KcnllyaTa4~~ caMOlleTa B-25, M., BOeH~3,QaT, 1944.
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The 8-25 Mitchell bomber by V.Kotelnikov «Aviakollektsiya» supplement to «Modelist-Konstruktor» magazine. N22-2003.
407»
This issue is dedicated to the B-25 US medium bomber. This well-known bomber was mass-produced in many variants and was used during the WW2 time at the different theatres of operations. Soviet long range aviation had more
500 B-25s.They were at the SovAF strenght after the war too. Drawings by V.Zolotov, colour profiles by S.lgnatyev.
I2J
«Modelist-Konstruktor» Editorial Board, 5a, Novodmitrovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 127015.
•
(095)787-35-52, (095)787-35-53.
3aK. 2355
