9 downloads
153 Views
223KB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
! "# $ " % & # "'
j
! " ! " # $ #!% & #' ( ) *+, -*. ( + / 0 11 2 (
34567895 2( 9 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 1 ( 3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( : ( + ! ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 22 & " ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 22 ! ; # ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 < ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 , ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2=
> #!% 3 ! & % " # " &
? . /@ @ !A
! % ! #/ ! #< % ( + ! # % ! # % @ ! % &
3 % @ @ . 8 ! ! #"/@ & @ @ @ " # #&
( 8! ! " ;. &
# 2:B2 (. #"/@ @( 9 . @ ! # #@ ?@ %. & / ?@ " . #@ #/ " λ < 2C ( D # 2C @. < !A# ! % !. @ ! " # ( 4 ! /@ @ . #
. @. / " . < ( + ; # @ < % ! #. #
; @ < & # ( E 2:== ( ;" #
! # % !) . # #
@. #"/ . ( +%& ; 2=B ( & / #. /# @ < @ # ( 8#% " " + !A ! @ < . ! ? # ?& ( E # / # . @ < # # # #. & " / ( D # ; " # % @ <( " # " # & % < < . ! ; " # & %"( E 2=F ( / # # ,! # & ; # " . & %. ?# # " # ( " . " < ! # " &
. ; # ! /#. # <& ( G !A ; 2=: (. ; # #<# & #. ! # # # & # # " ( 3 & / ? # 9& . # ! # 8 # % ? 2:=B ( 8 . " / #. ! #!% # # ( 4 # &
/ # # " # / ? % " ; # &
2= (( 9# < # " ? ( 4 !? ; @ #" # 9& ! ( E 2=F ( ; # . ! @ # ; ? ; !" ! ( E 2= ( ! % !( + ". ! & @ # # !#. &
#@ 3( . 2=: ( H I ( # #!% < 8 ! #(
2( 8
. < @ ## & ! " ( ( 3#? " " & # 9& ! ( ( 3 @ #?@ " & ? ( 1( + " ! " % &
!@ # . @ ?" ? ! ! /" " & ! . ! H #/" " " )
hν
^
hν0
hν0 > hν c c > λ0 λ λ0 < λ
hν0
*
hν
?
hν0 < hν c c < λ0 λ λ0 > λ
! ! E % ; @ @ @ ! ( 9 & @ # ! /. # @( 8#? # ; " & " ( + / !< . & ? #? " # #
/ #J ;( 9 # & / #J ; # @ & #? " # ?" 10−510−6 ? ( K & # #!% @ !& @ #/ ; # & &#@ . ;# " ; #( F( E < 3 ! 2=C ( ( E E # # #!% # &
# " # & !< ? ( 9! " @ # & ; ?& ( ! @ & @ @(
3 # % # @ & # " # ! & #< ; ! # # #( &
@ / I& ˆ % & = Hψ ih ∂ψ ∂t @ #< ! # #. <?# # # < ; # ( G @ # # ;# & # ) (βxy )ik =
ψi∗αxy ψk dτ,
ψi. ψk H % #!# @ ! @ ". <?@ # # < ; # & . αxy H # # . " #& #% ; " ! . ? & # # . % # & ?" " (
z
r
Ey
px x
y βij
H (
5 ?" E y & $y'. ?" & px $x'. !& (xy)( βxx βxy βxz βik = βyx βyy βyz . βzx βzy βzz
. ! βxy ! . !@ # . & ! < < % . !& ? ## # ( + & ## # ψ0 αxy < ! # < . ψk . ; . αxy < # % ψk ) f µ (αxy )iµ = Gii G · αxy . g G
G H % ## L Giiµ H # " ;# µ& &
# L f H # µ& # &
L g H ( ! & ## # # ( ! ! #. ## ## " ?" # # ( 3 # ? #!% # < & " ; &
σ σ=A
eiβik ek ,
ik
A H ;% % L ei. ek H % ; ?" & " ( 3 #% " ρ = σ/σ⊥ @ % ( M σ σ⊥ H ; # # E . # # ?" " ( G . # . ## & #. @ " . @ # # ## ( 4 ## " " # " # %( G 3. < " ## & sik ## aik . ) βik = sik + aik . # ?@ # @ " ) β1 0 0 0 a12 a13 βik = 0 β2 0 + −a12 0 a23 . 0 0 β3 −a13 −a23 0
M Sc = 13 (β1 + β2 + β3) @ & ( 4 # βi " @ γ 2 ( # βa. aik . @ ## # ( i
G βc. γ 2 βa & # ) 8πω 4 σ = 4 (βc + γ 2 + βa). c
G H N6O5NO3 N7O8( K # #& NO3 ? " ! ( G # " # " % ! & @ ! ( G & ## N2ν ( + " " . #& " . P2P( (2( + " ! N6O5NO3 " # # ! @ ( (( 4 < # @ & " ## N2ν # ( ( ( * ## # @ !& " ! @ @ ( (1( * ## # & # αij 3( 3 # PP( r
!(2( + # " ( * A# ( !(( E @<( !( ( E # & ?# "& ( !(1( E # . " & !< #!% ( !(F( * @ @ ? ! ( !(C( + !! &
. . # " ! ( !(B( + " 93+&F2( G!% 2( 3 . # A# 3( ! " "#!$ %& '() '(*+,(-., '('/,*-., '((0,0-., '1'),//-.2 '1* ! & #%34 " 35 & %6 '1'),//-.2 7 89 ! & #%34 " 35 & : ! 45 '1'),//-.2 ;3 << != #> 5? @A@B "> C !6 # #6 :% !3C%%34 ! 35 & %6 '1'),//-.2 ! ? 2
4
2
!(:( 9 !( 2. A#& " ! / !< ?" ( !(=( < " #!% & " ? !< ? ( 4 #? " / !< ?" (
4 " ! < < ) (2( 93+&F2. ( G!% ( - / !! λ, . ω , != n J D 34 */01,/ E/F)' FE,(F )11 D 34 */)0,) E/((F FE,F( )11 G %34 *')1,/ E+(1+ E0,/( F111 > # 4 '0E),1 F1('F E),F1 *1 '+01,F/ FE((F E',F+ '+**,/F FE(*F E',F' '+F/,E FE/F/ E(,') '/0/,1E FE0(' E(,1F '))1,F+ FFE*F EF,*) '**F,+' FF(E* EF,F1 ''/1,*+ FF'E/ EE,0+ '(0+,)F FF/FE EE,(1 !%4 '(*+,( FF0(+ E1,+1 (111 '('/,* F(11F E1,)* F11 '((0,F F(1') E1,*' E*1 2 '1'),// F'/1* ),'F −1
∆n ∼ 0, 03 − 0, 04.
ω
:!=
−1
)
6
rg
24000 rg rg
23000 22000 21000
rg
20000 19000 rg
18000 rg -
17000
7
10
15
20
25
n
. 93+&F2( (( 3 N6O5NO3 1 C( G!% ( n
E',F+ E',F' E(,+E E(,'* E(,(( E(,1+ E(,1F EF,01
ωis
:!= ? −1
FE((F FE(*F FE*** FE/F/ FE/+' FE01* FE0(' FE001
∆ω = ω0 − ωis
E)1) E*+) E(+( EFEE EFEE E1(( E11' E11*
:!= ? J G 2 :%!2 52? FF0(+ F),0 HIH E0,E HIH E),( HIH (1,E FF00* J FF0(+ (1,E HIH E11,1 FF00* 0,F*
ω0
−1
ωis
n
EF,+1 EF,*) EF,'' EF,(* EF,F1 EF,1+ EE,0+ EE,+) EE,)E EE,(1
:!= ? −1
∆ω = ω0 − ωis
FF1(+ FFE*F FFFE1 FFF*1 FF(E* FF(/E FF'E/ FF'/E FF*0F FF/FE
:!= ? J G 2 :%!2 52? F(1(0 /,( FF0(+ F+,+ FF00* +,) F(1(0 *,) FF0(+ E*,* FF00* ),0 FF0(+ FE,* FF00* /,( FF0(+ ),0 HIH F0,1
ω0
E11E /+) /+* /+0 )F( )F' *FE *F' (') FE/
−1
( ( 3 1F( n
E1,'1 0,+* 0,'F 0,(* 0,E1 +,00 +,0E +,'0 +,F' /,/E /,'F
G!% 1( ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω F(10+ E)1/ F((FE E(+' F('0( EFEF F(*FE EE+' F()FF E1+( F())0 E1() F(/1E E11' F(+)/ +(+ F(0/1 /(* F'E+' *FE F'(1F '1( is
−1
0
is
ω0
:!= ? G 2 F'/1* HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH HKH −1
(1( 3 J2 NNQ4( G!% F( n ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω ω :!= ? G 2 0,0+ F(F)+ E'(/ F'/1* 0,+* F((FE E(+' HKH 0,)/ F((0( E(EF HKH 0,'F F('0( EFEF HKH 0,(' F(*F' EE+E HKH 0,10 F()F) E1/0 HKH +,00 F())0 E1() HKH +,0E F(/1E E11' HKH +,)' F(+E1 +0* HKH +,'0 F(+)/ +(+ HKH +,(/ F(0E0 /+) HKH +,E( F'1E' )0E HKH /,0) F'1+( )FF HKH /,/E F'E+' *FE HKH /,*+ F'F(+ ')/ HKH is
−1
0
is
0
−1
(F( 3 H ? " &
RSR2( G!% C( n ω :!= ? ∆ω = ω − ω ω :!= ? G 2 0,+* F((FE E(+' F'/1* 0,)/ F((0( E(EF HKH 0,'F F('0( EFEF HKH 0,F+ F(**1 EE** HKH +,00 F())0 E1() HKH +,0E F(/1E E11' HKH +,'0 F(+)/ +(+ HKH +,F( F(0/* /(1 HKH is
−1
0
is
0
−1
n
+,E( /,0) /,/E
:!= ? F'1E* F'1+( F'E+'
ωis
−1
∆ω = ω0 − ωis ω0
)01 )FF *FE
:!= ? G 2 HKH HKH HKH −1
(C( 8! # " #!% ( " !==
A1
B1
G!% B( ν :!= ? J % 2 −1
*FE /+) E11' E1(1 EE+E EFEE E(+1 E*1' E)1* F)F1 (1*' (1)/ (1)/ (') )F( 0/1 E1+E EE** EF/+
1,F' E,1/ F,*' 1,/E1 J E,1*1 J J E,E01 J J J J J 1,FE* J J J J
J
3;! 2 1,E// 1,+)( F,*'E 1,F// 1,FFE 1,F/) 1,1E' 1,11F 1,++* E,+E+ (,F/( +,*'0 (,+)0 1,1E' 1,10* 1,1() 1,1*) 1,10) 1,11*
" !==
ν
B1
A2
B2
:!= ?
J
E(EE E'(0 E')1 E*+) F0+1 (1(F (1/' '1* +'1 0/1 FE/ ')* )01 '(1 /(1 +0*
J J J 1,*F1' J J J 2 =2 J J 1,1/ J J J J J
−1
% 2
J
3;! 2 1,11F 1,1F1 1,1*E 1,*F1 1,F/( F,//E 1,111 1,111 1,E1* 1,111 1,1/1 1,111 1,11* 1,1E1 1,1E1 1,1FE
(B( ! ( G!% :( 8 # " C σ ## C2ν σ z 2
yz
r
H
r
r
xz
rH
C2ν
rC
r
r
r
r r
A1 A2 B1 B2 N X
E
E E E E E* (0
C2z
E E
σ(xz)
σ(yz)
−1
−1
E
−1
E
−1
−1
* (
E( E(
E
−1
E * *
r
89
3
X(E) = (15 − 2)(1 + 2 cos 0) = 39, X(C2) = (5 − 2)(1 + 2 cos π/2) = 3, X(σxz ) = 13(−1 + 2 cos 0) = 13, X(σyz ) = 5(−1 + 2 cos 0) = 5. 1 nA1 = (39 + 3 + 13 + 5) = 15, 4 1 nA2 = (39 + 3 − 13 − 5) = 6, 4 1 nB1 = (39 − 3 + 13 − 5) = 11, 4 1 nB2 = (39 − 3 − 13 + 5) = 7, 4 Γ = 15A1 + 6A2 + 11B1 + 7B2.
T !" 15 + 6 + 11 + 7 = 39( T ! @ " ! 3N − 6 = 39( N H # . ?@ # "& # ?" % ## ( (:( G # αxy !" ## A1. A2. B1. B2( G #!% βxy (A1). βxy (A2). βxy (B1). βxy (B2)( ,9G57G*7 2( PP 4 . 2=F=( B. 1:B( ( PP *D8. 2=CF( :C. (
