LfTO TAKOE C06
'"ITO TAKOE COEiAKA -rax oe cotiaxa? - Kam.n;bIH OTBeTI1T rrO-CBoeMY. Aam e CKa3aJI: Coriaxa - :3TO "LfeTblpe nanst, ro XBOCT. - 'ITO xc, MomHO 11 TaK. Ho nopaxcaer aooti p aau e rOJIOB, .nan H XBOCTOB. A eCJIH K 3TOMy 06aBIITb ew;e 11 6oraTcTBo OKpaCOB 11 ocofienaoc'reit OBe eHHR... HH y rcarcoro ztpyrcro .n;OMaillHer o mH aor o HeT TaKoro paanooripaaaa epOPM, paaxrepon, CIJ,BeTOK , CKJIOHHOCTeH xaparcrepon. OTKYAa 3TO? HecKoJIbKO .n;eCRTKOB TbICR"Lf JIeT naaan npezrox co6a • - BOJIK - rrpHilleJI K KOCTPY nepnoosrmoro "LfeJIOBe xa , A MomeT 6bITb, BOBce H He rrpaxoznr,n, a rrpOCTO OXOTHHKI1 rrpHTaW;HJII1 BbIBO.n;OK rcponresnrsrx BOJI"LfaT, II KOMY-TO H3 HI1X rrOBe3JIO - He C'beJII1 cpaay. I1 6ecrro • OW;HbIH MaJIblill OCTaJICR mHTb - CHa"Lffuia B Ka"LfeCTBe Hr p YIllKI1 H B He3aBH.n;HoH pOJIH xcaaoro sanaca rrHW;H.
Ho Y BOJ] HOCTb: H TO ' nsre, TO eCTJ
rroztofimax.
TeppHTopm .n;eHCTBHR, ( 3HaKOB: 3B)
Moace r 6 B HOByIO JIO He pas,
xro TAKOE C06AKA
3
Ho y BOJIKa 11 y qeJIOBeKa ecri, O,L\Ha 06r:o;aJI ocotiea
zrpyroi! mIlBOTHble crarimae, COIJ;HaJIb ecrs Kam,n;bIll H3 HHX mHBeT B crae, cpeznr ce6e IIo,n;06HbIX. OH11 coooma ,n;06bIBaIOT rranry, oxpaHHIOT HOCTb: 11 TOT, II
y. , ro zcpaacaer OMy OCT e ll ffiIl
epoa , ?
nsre,
TO
Tepp11TOpHIO H, qT06bI KOOp,n;HHHpOBaTb COBMeCTHble ,n;ellCTB11JI, 06r:o;aIOTCH C IIOMOr:o;bIO pa3B11TOll CHCTeMbI 3HaKOB: 3ByKOB, meCTOB H II03 .
Moacer 6bITb B HOByIO JIO He
paa,
craor BJIHTbCH Hasepaoe, TaK 6bIBa
H MaJIeHbKHll BOJIqOHOK
qeJIOBeqbIO -
CTaIO.
H BOJIqaTa OKa3bIBaJIHCb IIOJIe3HbIMH: OHH
_ :<-: coca _ '1c..l:OB e _
eTO
- ;FlaT , IIO
eer ae - - - ~ I1 .
,
4
C06AKH
CJIhlIIIaJIlI II tIy.HJIII JIytIIIIe tIeJIOBeKa, BOptIaHHeM Mor JIll rrpezryrrpeznrrt, 0 rrpH6JIlImeHHlI spar-a, rrOMOraJIII
II,
'iTO TAKOE
aeicy,
cor TO
I
HJIH, nons:
B03MomHO, Tex, KTO OTHOCIIJIC.H K
MeCTllKa:o;v
tIeJIOBeKy .n;pymeJII06HO, He .n;lItIllJIC.H, He CTpeMllJIC.H
TaK JIH (
aar-na'rt, .n;06hItIy.
y6emaTh, He rrpO.HBJI.HJI arpeccarr , He cpaay. KllX
Moacer
raicax C'he.n;aJIll
6hITh, OHH mllJIll ztorrr-o H
napsr
ra
«.n;06PhIX » BOJIKOB zraace .n;aBaJIH rrOTOMCTBO
poxczranacr,
npyacemotiasre
BOJItIaTa.
TaK, BepO.HTHO, COBepIIIeHHO HeOC03HaHHO HatIaJIC.H OT6op, CeJIeK:O;II.H, na
«xopomee .
A 6.H?
Mome'
Mom€
H YMHhle .n;E TaTKaMH
.n;c
JIll rrpncoez
OTHOIIIeHlle K tIeJIO
BOJUC I
U aJlJlCICUHCI1
C06AKH
~TO
5
TAKOE C06AKA
HIfeM MOr
sexy,
nOMOraJIIf
IfJIIf, nOJIb3YJlCb 60JIee oqmU;IfaJIbHbIM TepMIfHOM, zto
HOCIfJICJI K
MeCTIfKaU;IfJl .
~ T p e M If JI C JI
TO
ecrr-
navanocs O,n;OMaIIIHIfBaHIfe C06aKIf,
TaK JIIf 6bIJIO? -
A
KTO 3HaeT.
MomeT 6bITb, sce-raxa BOJIK care o,n;OMaIlIHIfJI ce
I
x c-sezrana napsr re
6J1?
OMCTBO
If YMHble ztepxcanncs B6JIIf3If l.leJIOBeKa If nIfTaJIIfCb OC
iO Hal.laJICJI
Moace r
6bITb,
care sre
TaTKaMIf ,n;06bITOM na OXOTe
CMeJIble,
npyxcemofiasre
xpynnon ,n;Ifl.lIf .
3aTeM CTa
JIIf rrpncoezraaarsca K OXOTHIfKaM: nOMOraJIIf aar-aarr.,
lie K l.leJIO EOJl,/( (
c.neea )
U a J/,RCKUfiCKUU J1WJW M y m
6
COEiAKH
OCTaHOBllTb 3BepH, KaK aTO liM CBOHCTBeHHO II B BOJFlb eH crae. B6JI1l311
11 casn.re zrpyxcemofiasre BOJItIaTa, nsrpocnme JIIOp,eH, na-ranarnr CtIHTaTb nx tIJIeHaMli CBOeH
YTO TAKOE COl
BOJIK, II rH
CH
nozicrij
co6CTBeHHI
CTaH.
Ho llCCJ
Mer-no 6bITb II TaK.
5!CHO O.n;HO, BOJIK H tIeJIOBeK MOr
Henapora,
BceH
onpezt
llMeHHO BOJI"tIbli
BOJIK. qTO ~
aocrra'rsmana OKa3aBIlIHXCH B .necy
Ho BOJIK JIll 6bIJI aTO? BbIJI JIll llMeHHO BOJIK rrpezr
casnax pa ero, TO eCT A paasme,
cofiarcn? CeMeHCTBO .n;llKliX pop,CTBeHHHKOB na IlIeH cofiaxn, rrCOBbIX, aecsraa MHOrOtIllCJIeHHO TyT II BOJIK, II IlIaKaJI, II KOHOT, II znrar-o, H rpanac-n.rii
psre, rrepm rnae, C paan
JIll HaHTli «06I.I.J;HH H3bIK».
cran npmraxtarra "tIeJIOBe"tIeCKliX
KOM
II
nerem.nneii.
B
rroncrozry. (
XO. Ha C03/
xrarepaana Ho BOT
pecasre Be l
C06AKH
Ii B BOJPlb
3blpOCIlIl1e
aMIi
cnoeii
7
"ITO TAKOE C06AKA
r-nenonsie cooatca, Ii JIIiCbI ••• CJI noztofipar s ,ll;JIJI Kam,ll;On nopozrsr coficraeunor-o npemca. BOJIK, Ii
TaK Ii XOTIeT
cnoero
cotiax
Ho IiCCJIe,ll;OBaHIiJI YTIeHbIX-reHeTIiKoB CKa3aJIIi co
orrpene.nennocrr.io - npezncora C06aKIi 6bIJI
WBeK Mor
Bcen
HO BOJIqhIi
BOJIK. "llTO m, ,ll;OCTaTOTIHO Ii aroro. BOJIK Ii cenTIac mIiBeT
XCJI B .necy
B
:OJIK
npezr
HIiKOB
na
'IHO -
TyT
-pa a a cr srfi
caxrsrx paansrx
TOJIbKO
MeCTax. KaK CKa3aJI 6bI 6IiOJIOr, apean
ero, TO ecrs 06JIaCTb pacnpocrpaaeana, OTIeHh IlIIipOK. A pam-me, 10-15 TbICJITI JIeT TOMy aaaazt BOJIKIi mIiJIIi nosciony. Onem, paansre - or-poxmsre Ii He6oJIhIlIIie, ce psre, xepnsre, psrxcae Ii no-rm 6eJIhle, reransre, CBeT
rrsre,
C pa3HbIM pIiCyHKOM oicpaca. Tome He TaK ym rrJIO
XO. Ha
coaztaane
60JIbIlIIiHCTBa rropozt paaaootipaaaoro
MaTepIiaJIa see paBHO XBaTaeT.
neaaziaxa. I'enernxn otinapyaca.na
IiHTe
BeIlJ,Ii. ,1J;eJIO B TOM, qTO, OKa3bIBaeTCJI,
rem,r,
Ho BOT
pecnsre
8
C06AKH
e,n;HHHU;bI HaCJIe,n;cTBeHHocTH, Haxo,n;.HTC.H He TOJIbKO B rrOJIOBbIX XpOMOCOMax
X
H
Y,
O,n;HY H3 KOTOpbIX mH
BOTHble rrOJIY1IaIOT OT MaTepH, a zrpyr-yro ECTb eme
rerrsr, xoropsre
If HHKaKHMH CKpe~HBaHH.HMHHX
He H3MeHHTb.
ncex HCCJIe,n;OBaHHbIX nopozr cofiarc 6bIJIH otiaapyzcensr 06~He «MaTepHHCKHe,) rear,r. Ho cpe
,n;H BOJIKOB OHH 6bIJIH HaH,n;eHbI TOJIbKO y ozmoro H3 BH,n;OB aaaarcxorc BOJIKa. IIoJIy1IaeTC.H, qTO HMeHHO OH 6bIJI OCHOBHbIM npezncora ,n;OMarnHeH cotiaxn. ICo HeqHO, «IIepBo6bITHbIe » rrOJIy,n;HKHe cofiarcn, nepece JI.H.HCb BMeCTe C JIIO,n;bMH rro aceray MHpy,
CKpe~HBa
JIHCb H C a60pHreHHbIMH BOJIKaMH. Ho nee me xpyr npezncon cyacaerca. ICaK Bce-TaKH H3 BOJIKa no.ny-ra JIHCb BMCJIoyxMe II.HTHHCTble 6acceTbI,
xcecrxomep
rcpoure-msre, HO OTBamHbIe cnom-annsre H3MeHeHM.H reHOB?
CTHbIe apzterrs-repsepta, MyTaU;MM,
OHH pezncn, zta M casr ,n;HKMH IIpe,n;OK -
BOJIK -
aa Te
me ,n;eC.HTb -rr.HTHa,n;u;aTb TbIC.H1I JIeT rrpaKTM1IeCKH He M3 MeHMJIC.H -
Be,n;b zranerc TaK qTO OTBeT H
Haxo,n;.HTC.H BHe aztpa
TaK BOT, y
HOpKM?
Me,n;JIeHHO.
OT orna.
BHyTpH KJIeTKH, H HX MomHO rrOJIY1IHTb TOJIbKO OT Ma repa.
TO TAKOE COE
B npapozte nponecc SBOJIIOU;MM M,n;eT 01IeHb
H
naasnne
C06AK~
~
TOJIhKO B
OphIX mH - OT OTIJ;a. !
H.n;pa
bKO OT Ma 13MeHHTh. 6aK 6hIJIH I. Ho cpe O.n;HOI'O H3 '0 HMeHHO 6aKH. Ko
H, rrepece
.rcpenrasa me xpyr a no.nyua
~
~cTKOIIIep
omaacasre
1H reHOB?
[K ~CKH
3a Te He H3
rzter oxens
sro
9
TAKOE C06AKA
11 zrpyrae o.n;OMaIIIHeHHhle mHBOTHhle Tome sezn, zranexo yutnn OT CBOHX .n;HKHX npezncos. TaK qTO ace TaKH rrpOH30IIIJIO c naureii co6aKOM?
Me,lJ;JIeHHO.
OTBeT Ha STOT
Borrpoc .n;aJIH
cH6HpcKHe
H .n;aJIhHHe C06aqhH po.n;CTBeHHHKH -
yqeHMe
JIHCHIJ;hI.
10
C06AK~
AKMeMHK ,Il;MHTpHll KOHCTaHTHHOBWI BeJUleB npo BeJI axcnepaxrea'r C .n;HKHMH Cepe6pHCTO-qepHbIMH JIH renenae HeCKOJIbKHX rrOKOJIeHHll .n;JI5I paasezre
STO KaK
HH5I OCTaBJI5IJIH TeX H3 HHX, KTO HaH60JIee «JI05IJIbHO »
TOqKH ape:
OTHOCHJIC5I K qeJIOBeKy, TeX, KTO BbIKa3bIBaJI HaHMeHb
rrpaKTHqeC
II1yID arpeCCHBHOCTb. YqeHble 3a.n;aJIHCb ue.nsro rro.ny
rca, caraoe
qHTb JIHCHll,y, KOTOpa5I rro OTHOII1eHHID K qeJIOBeKy Be
aexa corrpc
JIa 6bI ce65I, KaK cofiaxa. To ecrt, peII1HJIH B YCJIOBH5IX
tnepaoro
sxcnepasrea-ra 3aHOBO npoirra rryrr, C03.n;aHH5I nonoro
BMeCTe C Hl
CaMH.
B
.n;OMaII1HerO mHBOTHoro .n;OMaII1HerO -
He rrpHpyqeHHOrO, a HMeHHO
C Bpom.n;eHHbIM .n;06pOJKeJIaTeJIbHbIM OT
1
"lJeJIOBe~
HCrrOJIh3ye~
noeroraror
HOII1eHHeM K qeJIOBeKy. SepepeKT orfiopa yCHJIHBaJIC5I C KaJK.n;bIM rrOKOJIeHH
JIH Ch H .n;py
«rrpo.n;BHHyTble » JIHCHqKH CTaJIH HCKaTh
MoraeT rrac
KOHTaKTa C JIID.n;hMH, ztaxce H C He3HaKOMhIMH, a 3Ha
cotiaxy ya« rnmm, ren
eM.
Caxrsre
KOMbIM -
PMOBaTbC5I, JIH3aTb JIHll,O, pyKH.
II3MeHHJIaCb cnocofinoc-n, K pa3MHomeHHID -
.n;H
Ka5I JIHCHll,a ztaer rrOTOMCTBO O.n;HH paa B rozt, BeCHOll, a «HaII1H') -
zma , H He TOJIhKO necnoii.
I I crpamroe zreno. MeH5IThC5I CTaJIH HaII1H JIHCHqKH.
B
HeKOTophIX npocny.nca HHCTHHKT CTOpOJKa, KTO-TO
CTaJI rrOJIaHBaTb, CKyJIHTh no-rm KaK cotiarca, JIHChI CTaJIH JIaCTHThC5I K H
caxm
XBOCThI
XBOCTHKH,
JIID.n;5IM H
Tome
aar-ayrsre,
BHJI5ITh XBOCTOM. ,Il;a
H3MeHHJIHCb
-
rr05IBHJIHCh
KaK y JIaeK. IlO5IBHJIHCh H BH
nonsre OKpaCbI 6eJIhle H fiypsre rr5ITHa
C5IqHe YII1H. IlO5IBHJIHCh H
6eJIble
« 3Be3.n;OqKH » na rOJIOBe,
aa 60
rcaxv Ortcyna? IIccJIe.n;oBaHH5I rrOKa3aJIH, qTO B KpOBH H3MeHHJIOCh conepacaane ropMOHOB, a B M03ry rrOBhICHJIOCb coztep JKaHHe cepOTOHHHa, semecraa, TOpM035Iru;ero rrp05IBJIe HHe arpeCCHBHOCTH. STOT H3MeHHBII1HllC5I rOpMOHaJIb BKJIIDqHJI B .n;ellcTBHe
rensr,
scerna rrpHcyTcTBOBaBII1He B renosre JIHCHll,bI, HO
«crras
HhIll rpoa H
npofiyzra,n,
II1He» no CHX rrop.
A
eCJIH TaK, TO BbIXO.n;HT, qTO ace
c06aK no CHX rrop
«crra-r»
rropozrsr
B Kam.n;oM BOJIKe?
HaII1HX
JIID.n;H .n;OM H
r»
X02
C06AKJ1
~JIHeB
TAK LiTO)f(E TAKOE C06AKA?
rrpo
)HbIMII JIII
:H paasene
8TO KaK nocraorperu. C Hayl.J:HOM, 61I0JIOrlll.J:eCKOM,
:< JIOHJIbHO »
apeuaa - rrOTOMOK BOJIKa. C TOl.J:Kll 3peHIIH rrparcra-recxori - ztpyr II noraonrnax l.J:eJIOBeKa. C06a rca, careoe nepsoe onosraumennoe mllBoTHoe, CKB03b sexa corrposoacnana l.J:eJIOBeKa na ,n;OJIrOM rryrn OT ne nrepnoro xocrpa K cero,n:HHIIIHeMy ,n:HIO, MeHHHCb
[ HalIMeHb lIblO
rrorry
1I0BeKy BeYCJIOBIIHX IIH HOBOrO ,a IIMeHHO JIbHbIM OT
TOl.J:Kll
BMeCTe C HllM II OCTaBaHCb rrOJIe3HOM eMy
qeJIOBeK pa3BllBaJICH. BOT yme BMeCTO rraJIlIII;bI OH IICnOJIb3yeT
noraoraror
10KOJIeHII
'III IICKaTb
Mil, a 3Ha
lllO -
,n:1I
11;, BeCHOM,
aa
>CTOM. ;rr,a OHBI1JII1Cb I1Cb 11 BI1 6eJIbIe 60
MeHIIJIOCb
)Cb
coziep
npOHBJIe
)PMOHaJIb
me
npapyxeansre
,n:11l.J:b. BOT
mI1BOTHbIe, II
Ilouumep 6 cmoiuce
JII1CbI
rna aa
nozrpaneanyro
c.nezry
yxce nOHBII cofiaxa rro MoraeT naCTI1 I1X 11 aammnarr, OT XI1:ru;HI1KOB. Terreps na cofiarcyyxce He CMOTpHT KaK na ml1BOM peaepsnsm aarrac nnunr, reneps OHa rrOMo:ru;HIIK npn ,n:06bIBaHI1I1 rnmra. JIlO,n:1I paCCeJIHIOTCH no 3eMJIe, 11 c06aKII aanramaror ,n:OM 11 X03HeB OT JII06bIX nenpomensrx rOCTeM. OHI1
'
-
OXOTe JIyK II CTpeJIbI, 11 c06aKI1 no
HaMTI1
JII1Cb 11 zrpvrne
JII1CI1l.J:KII •
uca,
scerna.
rensi,
HO «cnan
bI HaIIlI1X
."
12
C06AK~
TaI.I.J;aT
aaprsr,
npocro
BOJIOKyIlIII. IIoRBJIR
HIIK MO.iKe'I
nonsre Opy.n;IIR OXOThI II, ynsr, BOH:HhI, II ona-rs-ra
.n;yeT c06aK.
KII c06aKII .n;eJIaIOT IIMeHHO TO, ~TO Hy.iKHO ~eJIOBeKY.
BepIlIeHHO I
IOTCR
TeJIe.iKKII II
TAK '"ITO >KE TAl
rrpeztxa BOJIKa, KOTOPhIH: KOr.n;a-TO rrOMOraJI HaIlIIIM npanrypasr B OXOTe. II CerO.n;HR B pafiore C06aK MbI BII.n;IIM xepro-r KII OXOTHIIqherO rrOBe.n;eHIIR BOJIKa, TOJIbKO paaarrrsre II aaxpeunennsre OT60pOM. BOJIKII MoryT rna-rs .n;lIqb MOJI~a, a MoryT C JIaeM, Ho B Ka.m.n;OH: II3 HIIX TeKyT KarrJIII KpOBII ee
cnezry,
II
OT.n;aBaR
,
saxpen.nem rca. TOJIhKC 113aTeM 6pc RTb .n;o nozrx
asrpaacensr
Brrepe.n;,BCI
roa-me npecnezryror, rOHRT .n;lIqb rro rOJIOC, npaxer« rro xapaxrepy JIaR OXOT
-raro'rca MeJ
II y BOJIKOB pa3HbIX rrorrYJIRIJ;IIH: 3TII qepThI rro- pa3HOMY.
cotiaxa aac .n;lIqhIO, -
BOT
A
MaCTer
Hepe OXOTh: na .n;06hNY, H 3y6aMII,
«3JIOYMhIIlI
C06AKlt1
I. IIOHBJIH i
onars-ra
TAK
~TO
13
>KE TAKOE C06AKA?
HH:K MOIKeT onpene.nn-rs, KaKyIO H:MeHHO ,n;H:'!h npecrre zryer cotiarca.
A
60p3hIe rOHHT 3BepH
«no-apaveray:
co
'!eJIOBeKy.
BepIIIeHHO MOJI'!a. 3HaMeHIITaH CTOH:Ka JIeraBhIX, rcorzra
rrpe,n;Ka
c06aKa 3aCT@BaeT KaK H:3BaHHH:e rrepe,n; HaH:,n;eHHOH:
rrpanrypaxr
,n;H:'!hIO, -
8TO TO IKe oxens yCIIJIeHHaH II HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHO
xeprov
aaxpennenaaa -repro-nca OXOTHII'!hero rrOBe,n;eHIIH BOJI
pa3BH:ThIe
rca. TOJIbKO BOJIK ,n;epIKH:T CTOH:Ky JIH:IIIb rrapy cexynzr
1M
II aaTeM fipocaerca JIOBH:Tb ,n;06bI'!y, a nerasaa 6y,n;eT CTO
yT
C JIaeM,
HTh no rronxozra OXOTHH:Ka, rro ero CIIrHaJIy rrpo,n;BIIHeTCH
3blpmKeHbI
arrepezr, acrryrner rrTIIU;y, HO npec.nezrona'rs ee He CTaHeT.
HT ,n;II'!b rro
7
JIaH OXOT
A
MaCTepCTBO B JIOBJIe MblIIIeH: II KpbIC, KOTOpbIM OTJIII
repsepsrl Ero
KOpHII B Ma
nepe OXOTbI BOJIKa aa MeJIKH:X IKIIBOTHbIX -
npsrrayrr,
'!aIOTCH MeJIKIIe
nnraynepsr
II
na ,n;06bNy, CXBaTIITb II ynepxcarr, nepemmraa JIarraMII II 3y6aMH:, -
TaR «MhIIIIKYIOT» BOJIKII.
IIpH: 3a,n;epJKaHIIII
«3JIOyMbIIIIJIeHHIIKa», ozreroro B 3a:r.u;IITHbIH: KOCTIOM,
.JI'
14
C06AK~
HJIH rrpa nrpe cooaxa TpeIIJIeT PYKaB. TaKHe rpenmonme
- K"iTO >KE TAK Ho r H , -
orr.
.n;o
H H H BOJIKa •
6blqH y BOJIKa CJIymaT TOMy, qT06bI CJIOMaTb rr03BOHOq
ca na spoxc
nexpyrrnoii .n;06bIQe. A cnocoti yKpOI.IJ;e HHa pas-sapenasrx 6bIKOB y MHorHX nopozt, pa60TaBIIIHX na neperoae cran, - CXBaTHTb 6bIKa sa sepxmoro ry6y H yztepacaaarr, TaK, noxa OH He YTHXOMHpHTca, Tome
ceMen:cTBa
.n;BHmeHHa
npn
XBaTKe,
xaparcrepnoe
BCTpaXHBaHHe
HHK CXBaQeHHon:
.n;OCTaJICa HM rro HaCJIe.n;CTBy OT .n;HKHX
rrpamypos -
BOJI
KH XBaTKaMH aa HOC H nepxmoro ry6y OCTaHaBJIHBaroT
Tlozrron
Bce 3TO C
neps
naa
BMeCT'
KOMaH,l
8TH coria po.n;a -
rcpyrmyro .n;HQb, noxa He noztocrreer sea CTaH.
npn 3TOM
BaTb QJIeHOI
OTCTaBIlIHX mHBOTHbIX K crazry -
OBQapKH
noxycsraaror «npoannaanreroca »
aa aaznrae
3'I
Cnapmuan nacmu.
C06AKl1
'peIIJIIOru;He HBaHHe zro . rr03BOHOq
)6 yxpome
a60TaBUIHX KHIOIO ry6y ~JI, Tome POB - BOJI HaBJIHBaIOT
TAK 'iTO >KE TAKOE C06AKA?
nor-a, - OrrJITh-TaKH KopeHHTCJI B OXOTHHQbeM rronezie HHH BOJIKa. 11 ztaxce paoora P03hICKHhIX cofiax CTpOHT CJI na apoxcztennoa crroco6HOCTH scex npezrcraaareneii cexrencraa rrCOBhIX npecnezroaa'n, ,n;06bF-ry H OThICKH BaTh 'IJIeHOB caoeii CTaH rro aanaxosoxry cnezry. Bee STO cofiaxn rrOJIyQHJIH OT csoero rrpeznca, HO Te neps BMeCTO ozraoro BOJIKa C QeJIOBeKOM paooraer ne JIaJI KOMaH,n;a crre:O;HaJIHCTOB. 3TH co6aKH-crre:O;HaJIHCTbI 06pa3YIOT rropozrsr. IIo pozra STO rpyrrrra mHBOTHhIX, HMeIOru;Hx o6ru;ee
- OBQapKH aa 3~HHe Cnapmuame -
?pe'leCK(LJl
nacmuuusi cooaxa
15
16
COEiAK~
npoacxoxcneaae 1I ofiurae lIepThI, rrepenaroruaeca no HaCJIe,n;cTBy.
II erne -
OHa, STa
rpynrra
mliBOTHbIX,
,n;OJImHa 6bITb C03,n;aHa JIlO,n;bMlI. 8TO celllIac MbI
na nporaxceaaa
ronopaxr
«,n;peBHRR
onn
aopozraaa
1
rropozta», a JIlO,n;lI
TaK <pop
aany nopozry
rropozna. E<
BbIBO,n;RT KaKyIO -To
c06aK lIJIlI ,n;pyrlIx m lIBOTH bIX . OT60p 6bIJI meCTKlIll,
»cecrororri. Henyxcm.rx y61IBaJIli. A eCJIlI 6bIJI xerucponor-nii pa60THlIK, OCTaBJIRJIlI w;eHKa OT XOpOIIIO pafioraronmx po,n;lITeJIell - LIT06bI 1I w;eHOK BbIPOC TaKOll me rpyacenmc. KaK onpenemrn, ero B MaJIeHbKOM, lIaCTO B HOBopom,n;eHHOM, memce? Ilponie scero BbI6paTh noxoacero na po,n;lITeJIell-Tpyme HlIKOB. KaK onpenenart, CXO,n;CTBO? JIerLIe scero no TlI ny, no orcpacy. II eCJIlI MeCTHOCTb, rne lICnOJIh3YlOTCH a LIaCTO
nyxcea
3TlI c06aKI1 T lI n Y , OK p a
MHorliX CTOJIeTlill ne.na OT60p , He
MbIBaRCb Ha,D; TeM, liTO
- K -rro >KE TA
HOBbIll
nee
n03,n;HE
CTBa. 8TO rrp1I3HaHHb
opranaaam JIIO,n;RM
pyaceuae, I Moacno no 1 II
ztercoparn
T aIO T HOBb
natip an op sr c06aKlI, 1I iIlO,n;lI
J;
ztepac
lI a c c06aK 0
IIemeptiupectcast opxuiien
,fJ;p e BH lI X K I
c 0 6 a K lI , Tal-
Ilopozr cc
3 0 Ba H lIR HO
pyccrcaa
CTl
n OJI OBlI H e
x
OCHOBH b I M r
OXOT e . IIo C T OM H lI K e Te p b e p ,
( MO
II Bo,n;OJIa3 • .
BIIJI liCb COBC
6 prcrcaa 01 B POCClilI.
A
IIOPO,n;bI • $IT CH 1I lICl.
epn arrrep c_ nrecr a yro TO H H lIe M lie
C06AKl1
TAK
~TO
17
>KE TAKOE C06AKA?
IOII.I,HeCH no
8TH c06aKH, He60JIbllIaH, TO rpopraapyerca nopozta, ozt
}KHBOTHbIX,
aopozmaa
He TOJIbKO no pa60qHM CBOllCTBaM, HO H no
rnny, oxpacy
ra» ,
H ,n;pyrHM BHellI11M rrpI13HaKaM.
71 JKeCTKHll,
naasmaerasre atiopnrennsre nopozrsr. ECTb eII.I,e 11 3aBo,n;CK11e nopozrsr - rrpozryrcr 60 nee rroarmero BpeMeHH, OpraH1130BaHHoro cooaxonon CTBa. 8TO HJI11 aboparenm.re nopozrsr, OepHI.J;11aJIbHO
A
npnaaaamae K11HOJIOr11QeCKHM11,
a JIIO,n;H
op, He 3a,ZJ;y
D-TO nopozry eCJIH 6bIJI
OCTaBJIHJIH
[-
'lT06w H
TaK c]:>opMHpOBaJI11Cb TaK
opraHH3a:IJ;11HMI1, I1JIH BHOBb
c06aKoBo,n;QeCK11MH
coanamrsre.
JIIO,n;HM caoacraeano CI1CTeMaTH3HpOBaTb cnoe OK
onpenena'rs
pyxcemre, H norosry
)M, II.I,eHKe?
MOJKHO rro HCrrOJIb30BaH111O -
!JIe ll - T p y JK e
11 ztexopar-aarrsre. Ho ceii-rac MHOr11e
acero rro TH
TalOT HOBwe
[I0JIb3YIOTCH
rraopanopsr
7XUae.R
nopozrsr
c06aK ,n;eJIHT na
rpyrmsr.
OXOTHH'lb11, CJIyJKe6Hble
crre~11aJIbHOCT11,
nopozrsr
npnofipe
HarrpHMep OXOTH11K11
11 6HrJIH pa60TalOT eII.I,e H KaK CJIyJKe6Hble
c06aKH, H KpOMe roro c06aK rrpaKTHQeCKH ncex nopozt JIIO,n;H zrepacar B xasecrse KOMnaHbOHOB. IT08TOMY cell
rpynnsr cxopee no zioroofipaamsre C06aKI1, TepbepbI, fiopasrc H zrpyr-ae.
'lac c06aK 06'he,n;I1HHIOT B
06II.I,HOCT11
,n;peBH11X xopneii:
rracryun.n
C06aK11, TaKCbI,
Ilopon
c06aK MHoro -
60JIee
400,
HO nponecc ofipa
30BaH11H HOBbIX rropozt npo,n;OJIJKaeTCH 11 ceiraac. BOT, pyccxaa crerraaa 60p3aH CepOpM11pOBaJIaCb BO BTOPOll nOJIOB11He
XX
sexa KaK a60p11reHHaH rropozra, np11QeM
OCHOBHbIM Kp11Tep11eM orfiopa 6bIJIa ,n;06bI'lJI11BOCTb npn OXOTe. ITo CJIyJKe6HoMy 3a,ZJ;aH111O B IJ;eHTpaJIbHOM nn TOMH11Ke Tepbep,
Conercxoii
APMHH
BbIBO,n;HJIHCb 'lepHbIll
MOCKOBCKaH CTOpOJKeBaH, MOCKOBCK11e ,n;or
H Bo,n;OJIa3. ITo JI11QHOll 11HH~HaT11Be c06aKOBo,n;OB noa BHJI11Cb COBceM HOBbIe
zrexopa'ranasre rropozrsr -
rre'rep
fiyprcrcaa opxnzrea H MOCKOBCK11ll ztpaxoa. 8TO TOJIbKO B POCC11H. A eII.I,e B MTaJI11H, CIIIA,
Aprenrtrae...
ITOPO,n;bI JKI1BYT csoeii JK113HblO -
B03H11KaIOT, zre
JIHTCH H 11C'le3aIOT H3-3a npenparnocren cy,n;b6bI H rro TepH 11HTepeCa K H11M. A ceaxac IOHECKO 06'hHBHJIa CYII.I,eCTByIOII.I,He
nopozrsr
TOHHHeM QeJIOBe'leCTBa.
,n;OMallIHHX JKHBOTHbIX ,n;OC
~
ECJUI B3 C06aK, TO Y
A
yJK 1f3 CT no
K OB » -
a n e cpezm
I
JIaHKIf -
(
OXOTe OHIf, T If 6e3o BC': BpeMeHa,o If M B OXOTH ITopO,lJ; JI II
aanazraor
HOClf6lfpCK
K II aneruae CT O,H"LI lfe Tp
cotip aar.r B
U OM JfJIIf Cl . IH r K If H ry . Il:OH JKeCTK r p e e r , a OC O K p a Ch I M(
nsre, PhIJKl 6bIT b II MeJI _ If .
Bo.nsm
H OCJI If BOCT l .:rOJI JK H b I
61:
OHIf oxe 8TO CMeJIhIE K II e .
II
"LIYT.
: Iae "LIHIfK II I .1
apenae. I\
TO iIb K O OXO
OXOT H II K OB-
Bnocutiupc
JlA~K~ ~
ECJIIT B3rmIHeM na CrrITCOK Cyrn;eCTBYIOrn;ITX nopozt C06aK, TO yBIT,n;ITM, KaK MHOrO cpezra HITX OXOTHITqbITX.
A
y.IK IT3 CTapbIX nopozt C ,n;peBHeM: ITCTOpITeM: «OXOTHIT
KOB»
-
nozraunaroniee 60JIbIIlITHCTBO.
HITe cpezrn HITX JIaM:KIT -
cesepasre
11 caxn.re
npes
OCTpoyXITe C06aKIT JIaM:KIT.
C06aKIT yHITBepCaJIbHbIe, IT K CaMOM: pa3HOM:
OXOTe OHIT, KaK IT ITX ,n;aJIeKITe npeztrcn, cnocofiasr no-r TIT 6e30 BCRKOM: ,n;peCCITpOBKIT.
11,
KaK B CTapO,n;aBHITe
aperaeaa, OHI1 COrrpOBO.IK,n;aIOT OXOTHI1KOB IT rrOMOraIOT 11M B OXOTHl1qbeM rrpOMbICJIe.
Tlopozr JIaeK
HeMaJIO -
IT 3arra,n;HOCn6ITpCKaR, IT HOCI1611pCKaR JIaM:Kli.
A
3'1'0 11 pyccxo-eaponericxaa,
xape.no-rpaucxaa,
11 BOCTOq
erne eCTb IIlBe,n:CKITe, HOPBe
.lKCKITe IT epI1HCKITe nopozrsr OXOTHI1qbI1X JIaeK. IIOqTI1 BCe cenepnsre napozrsr I1MeIOT CBOI1X JIaeK.
11 BCe
JIaM:
KIT BHeIIlHe rrOXO.IKIT. fOJIOBbI KJII1HOM, MOp,n;bI OCTpbIe, CTORqI1e TpeyrOJIbHbIe YIIlIT rrOCa.IKeHbI BbICOKO, .narrsr C06paHbI B KOMOK, XBOCTbI 3arHYTbI na CrrI1HY KOJIb II;OM I1JII1
cepnora, Ill epcre
y JIaM:KI1 -
MRrKI1M: rvcron rrO,n;IIlepC'1'OK csepxy
KaK y BOJIKa:
npnxpsrr
npa
MOM: .lKeCTKOBaTOM: 11 He,n:JIITHHOM: OC'1'bIO. IIO,n;IIlepCTOK rpeer-, a OCTeBOM: BOJIOC 0'1' BJIarIT IT serpa 3 aut 11maer • OKpaCbI Mory'1' 6bI'1'b casrsre paarrsre -
xepasre, 6e
rn.re, psrxcae, rrR'1'HI1CTble, cepsre. POCTOM OHIT Mory'r 6bITb 11 MeJIKI1MI1, 11 cpe,n;HITMI1, HO TOJIbKO He xpvrrasr MI1. BOJIbIIlITe C06aKI1 B .necy He HY.IKHbI HOCJII1BOCTb, IT xopxra 11M Hy.IKHO
TepRIOT BbI
MHoro.
A
JIaM:KI1
,n;OJI.lKHbI 6bITb HerrpI1XOTJIITBbIMI1. OHIT oxem, 3HeprITQHbI, rro,n;BI1.IKHbI 11 BbIHOCJIITBbI. 3'1'0 CMeJIble 11 OTBa.IKHbIe c06aKI1, OQeHb JIOBKITe 11 sepr KI1e.
11 QYTbe
y HITX OTMeHHoe, a «QYTbeM»
OXOTHITKIT
JIaeQHI1KI1 BCe pa30M Ha3bIBaIOT: IT 060HRHITe, IT CJIyx, 11 3peHI1e.
Kopove rosopa,
3'1'0 -
pa60THI1II;bI, C06aKIT He
TOJIbKO OXOTHI1KOB-JII06I1TeJIeM:, HO, B nepsyro oxepezn., OXOTHI1KOB-rrpOMbICJIOBI1KOB.
4
Sanaiinocutiupctcasc naiuca
20
C06AK~
OXOTHTCH C JIaHKaMH na rrTHIJ;y, na 6eJIKy, na c060 JIH. JIaHKa mner ,n;06hIqy He TOJIhKO 060HHHHeM, oxeas Ba./KHhI CJIyx H apemre. 3a ,n;eCHTKH, a TO H COTHH MeT pOB CJIhIIIIHT JIaHKa IllOpOX asepsxa B rcponax nepeasen. R: nonoaparerrsnosry MecTy 6emHT, ,n;06hIqy BhICMaTpH saer H BhIHlOXHBaeT. A BOT rcorna yBH,n;HT ee, aa-maae-r 06JIaHBaTh, - OTClO,n;a H Ha3BaHHe «JIaHKa », - OXOT HHKa npnasraaer H BHHMaHHe asepsxa aa ceria OTBJIe rcaer. OTCTpeJIeHHylO ,n;06hlqy X03HHHY rronaer, He nos pezma nncypxn. Be3 JIaHKH B raiire OXOTHHKy ,n;eJIaTh neuero. BOJIhIlle 90 % 6eJIKH H C060JIH ,n;06hIBaeTcH C rrOMO:W;hlO JIaeK, nezn, ycrrex OXOTHHKa 3aBHCHT OT pa 60ThI ero nepnoii rrOMO:W;HHIJ;hI JIaHKH. Oxorosezrsr ro BOpHT, QTO OXOTHHK ztaxce CJIaHKoH-«TpOeQHHIJ;eH » zro 6hIBaeT rrYIIIHHHhI B 10-15 paa 60JIhIlle, QeM 6e3 c06aKH. A C rrepBOKJIaCCHOH JIaHKOH - B 50!
pYCClw-e6poneUCILYIO U
sanaintoctuiupciono naeic
ucnos unpom OJl.fl oxomu na Me08eOJt
J1 A ~ K ~
,IJ;oMa JI MO:W;HHIJ;a mH3HhlO, ( HHH paa-sa C JIaHK(
tcafiana
H
BHTh asep. OXOTHHKa. HHTCH OHH
C06AK~
xy,
na
co6o
UleM,OqeHb
: COTHli MeT
lX
zrepensea.
, BbICMaTpll
e, naxaaaer
1», -
cefis
OXOT OTBJIe
.aer , He IIOB
rmcy
,n;eJIaTb
,n;o6bIBaeTC.H
aacnr OT
pa
OTOBe,n;bI ro
IHllIJ;eH » zro
:e,
,O!
qeM 6e3
21
llAHK~
,IJ;oMa JIaHKa -
CTopom, B JIecy -
Ha,n;emHa.H rro
ztpvr. CKOJIbKO paa, xceprnya m1l3HblO, cnacana JIaHKa cnoero X03.HllHa OT aanazre Hll.H paa-sapeaaoro Me,n;Be,n;.H. JIOC.H, C JIaHKOH OXOT.HTC.H II na xpyrraor-o 3Bep.H xatiaaa II zraace Me,n;Be,n;.H. OHa B COCTO.HHllll OCTaHO BllTb 3Bep.H II aanepaca n, ero na MeCTe zto nonxozra OXOTHliKa . Tarcnx JIaeK Ha3bIBalOT 3BepOBbIMll, II IJ;e H.HTC.H onn OqeHb BbICOKO. Moru;HllIJ;a II BepHbIH
H eMeu,KUU eonup-uinuu (iceecxonii ) U nOMepaHCKUU
OJIeHerOHE
(cnpaea ) iunuu
OJIeHeH, K(
Y
OJIeHE
nOpTHOe cj
BepHbIX H2
JIe.n;OBHTOl
pa3Bo.n;HBU He TOJIhKO
HO H Boo611
cofiax rrepesc
::vrOH ThI,
H306peTeH
rrpm'opo asre H3 me B
OXOTHHQhH JIaHKH KIf.
A
3TO
.necrrsre, raeacasre
co6a
BOT B rynnpe, TaM, r.n;e pa3BHTO OJIeHeBo.n;CTBO,
CJIOmHJIHCh nacryun,a JIaHKH. ,IJ,o CHX nop HeHelI,KHH
H en eu tcue OJleHeZOHHble tunuu»t
Co6aKa
HhIM MHor :
23
J1AHK~
'.M.eu, /(u u eonup-uinuu CXOliO) u nomepancxuii (cnpaea } iunuu
OJIeHerOHHbln: IIIII11:U: 1I0MoraeT lIaCT11 crana CeBepHbIX OJIeHen:, KOt.IyR 110 TyHp;pe BMeCTe C nacryxaran.
Y
OJIeHeBO,IJ;OB CaMOe nazreacaoe 11 P;OCTYIIHOe TpaHC
1I0pTHOe Cpep;CTBO -
OJIeHbR yrrpaacxa. A BOT ,IJ;JIR ce
BepHbIX HapOp;OB, )I{11Byrn;11X na notiepeacse CeBepHOrO JIep;OB11TOrO oxeaaa, B JIeCaX
Cesepnoii AMep11K11
11 He
pa3BOp;11BIII11X OJIeHen:, ynpaacxa e3p;OBbIX JIaeK 6bIJIa He TOJIbKO ep;11HCTBeHHbIM
rpancnop-msrra
cpep;CTBOM,
HO 11 soofirne rrepBbIM rpanonoprosr qeJIOBeqeCTBa. 311 MOn: C06aqb11 yrrp.H)I{K11,
aarrpaacernrsre
B CaHK11-Hap
TbI, rrepeB0311JI11 JIIOp;eH 11 rpyasr, JIeTOM xce 3ap;OJIrO zro 11306peTeHll.H KOJIeCa C06aK11 lIepeHOC11JI11 rrOKJIa)I{y B rrp11TOpOQeHHbIX K Crr11He BbIOKax, T.HHyJIll Cp;eJIaH ~)I{Hble coria
eHeBop;CTBO,
'P
HeHe:U:KMn:
nscue wnuu,bl
mae 113 )I{epp;en: BOJIOKyiliM. C06aKa 6bIJIa e,IJ;MHCTBeHHbIM p;OMaIIIHMM )I{11BOT HbIM MHorMX
cesepasrx
napoztos. Ha
Cenepe
11 cen:qac
24
C06AK~
M anasujm
U CU6 UpC K UU XaC KU
_w e ,n;a M H p
( na nepeonen nnane)
K H C rOJIy6 rr p 5D K K H , CHB H h l e a JI
onsre rran: B
A BOT B cpezmne mna , aeot
n p OCT OH a p < H l Itl h H c06 ~
I
U H aJI h H OCT
m ennme
II:
OaJIOB H e if ,
toein« U
'ly f
( 1-.H, 3-.H, 4-51
A
BO MHorHX
CT a H OB R T CR
copenaoaa
npono.nacaror paoora-n, .nae-n,a yrrpRJKKH.
crpanax
MHpa
HHR e3,n;OBhIX
see norry.napaee
cofiarc
THBHhle rOHKH
H B T OM qHCJIe MHOrO,n;HeBHhle crrop
na cotia-rs-
HX ynpaxcrcax . BOJIhIIIHHCTBO e3,n;OBhIX nopon rrpOHCXO,n;HT C rep pHTOpHH
aamea CTpaHhI.
3TO qyKoTcKHe H KaM"tJaTC KHe
eanonsre
JIOCHeJKHhle
JIaifKH,
caxroezrsr
6e (ca
C06AK~
25
H K~
.w e,n;aMH paasure Ha3bIBaJIH HeHI.I;eB), cH6HpCKHe xac KH C rOJIy6bIMH rJIa3aMH, sezryurae CBOIO HCTOpHIO OT rrp a xoc n , BbIBe3eHHOM H3 CH6HpH. A ecrs erne Mac CHBHbl e aJIHCKHHCKHe MaJIaMyTbI, rpeHJIaH,n;CKHe ea onsre JIaMKH. A BOT B TeX CTpaHaX Bananaoii Enpom,r, rne yxee B cpezraae sexa asipyfiannc» JIeCa rrozr nauraa H nacr 6Hru;a , He06xo,n;HMOCTb B yHHBepCaJIbHOM OXOTHWlbeM n p OCTOHap O,n;HOM C06aKe nporrana. Ho ocrpoyxne OXOT HIP-IbH c06aKH He HC"lle3JIH, OHH rrpOCTO CMeHHJIH crre D;HaJIbHOCTb . TaK rrOHB11JI11Cb secerrsre ummrsr, npo m en m n e ny'rr, OT ,n;OMaIllHHX cropoacea ,n;o HapH,n;HbIX OaJIOBHeM, 11 ocrpoyxne eaponeactcne OB"llapK11.
woein«
U
'lyKomcKue esiioeue
( l -si, 3-Jl, 4-Jl cneea ) naiucu
r. A BO MHorHX TCH copeanoaa ),n;HeBHble crrop
•
B cenepi THCh, eme BaTh
rrHrn;~
npyr-ae
3Be
H3.n;a.rreKa
narr.?
JIOD
JIeT aaaazr, 6hI TaKyIO 3eJIh HJIH ; rrpHHeCTH. mas pe3BO B 30He c'rer 06JIHK KOT
60P3b1E, rOHLil1E, llErABblE
B
CeBepHhIX .necax 6e3 .lIaihnr - rrOMO~HIUIhI He 060H
TIICh, erne ,n;peBHIIM OXOTHIIKaM OHII rrOMOraJIII ,n;06hI BaTh rrII~Y.
A
)];pyrIIe 3BepII -
B IO.lKHhIX
crenax?
6hICTpOHorIIe, -
B rrYC'fhIHHX? TaM
OHII BII)];RT OXOTHIIKa
cnacracs. KaK IIX ztor o.n;OMaWHII.lIII «ncero. 5 ThICRq
II3)];aJIeKa II MoryT 6ercTBoM
nart.?
JIoWa,ZJ;eH sezn.
.ner Ha3a,ZJ;, a cofiaica II3)];aBHa PR)];OM C qe.lIOBeKOM. BOT 6hI TaKylO cofiaxy - rrOMO~HIIIJ;y, qT06hI aHTII.lIOrry, ra 3e.lIh II.lIII 3aHIIa MOr.lIa
norna'n-,
rroHMaTh II X03HIIHY
rrpIIHecTII. 0'1' TaKoH .lIOBqeH c06aKII rpefiyrorca 60.lIh maa pe3BOCTh II BhIHOC.lIIIBOCTh B B 30He
crerren II
norone. :vI na
tore,
rrYCThIHh, C.lIO.IKII.lICH TIIrr c06aKII, aecs
0 6 .lI IIK KOTOpOH rOBopIIT 0 6hICTpOTe. "Y3KaH rO.lIOBa, TY.lIOBII~e
.lIerKOe Y3Koe
na
)];.lIIIHHhIX
norax, neo
6hIKHOBeHHO CII.lIhHhIe 3a,ZJ;
ynpyraa cnnna,
HIIe HorII,
XopOWO pa3BIITaH II
CII.lIhHO
.lKIIBOT
r-pyzn,
rrO)];06paHH@H
-
TaK
.lKIIBOTHhIe,
C.lIO.IKeHhI
cnocotiasre
K
6hICTpOH cxasnce. Bce 8'1'0 eCTh y KOTOphIX 3hIMII.
«BOP3hIH»
6hICTphIM.
c06aK,
Ha3hIBalOT 60p
Bee
3HaqIIT
B 8TIIX coria
xax rrO)];qIIHeHO IJ;e.lIII: crpe MIITe.lIhHOCTh 6era He
nos na
BO.lIReT TpaTIITh CII.lIhI
.lIaR, rr08TOMY 60p3hIe .lIOBHT MO.lIqa.
"Y HIIX 0'1'.lIII"l{HOe
CaJllOlCU
28
C06AKH
3peHJIe,
P3 blE,
rOH~1
norosry qTO OHJI ,lI;OJDKHhI rrpec.nenoaa-n, ,lI;06hI A qYTheM OHJI rrOqTJI He rrOJIh3Y
qy, KOTOpylO BJI,lI;.HT.
IOTC.H. ECJIJI 60p3a.H 6Y,ll;eT JICKaTh 3Bep.H rro cnezry, TO
nporrycr-ar MOMeHT, xorzra TOT 06paTJITC.H nponrpaer rroromo, llJIJI soofinte ,lI;ame He 3Bep.H. Jlmm, aerco'ropsre nopoztsr BOCTOqHhIX rrOJIh3YIOTC.H qyTheM, HO B aTOM cnvxae JIX aa
HaBepH.HKa
B 6erCTBO, JI YBJI,lI;JIT 60p3hIX
zraxa
He ,lI;06hITh 3Bep.H, a
fieprcyra. Tlpapona-re.nera
rrOqTJI
ncrryr-ny'rs ero
ncex
,lI;JI.H JIOBqerO
COBpeMeHHhIX
60p3hIX c06aR CqJITalOT CJIlOrrJI, 60p3ylO
nopozt
apafion.
Ha
nepasrx rropax fiopasre CJI ymJIJIJI qeJIOBeKy ,lI;JI.H ,lI;06hI mmm. IIOPOH finarono.nyvae u.eJIhIX ceMeHCTB JI zraace nneraen 3aBllCeJIO OT ,lI;06hlqJIllBOCTJI 60p3hIX. TaKJIe C06aKJI BO ace apexiena :o;eHllJIJICh oxens BhICO KO. Korna-ro B Ka3aXCTaHe, 6hIBaJIO, OTKa3hIBaJIJICh OT BaHJI.H
rpeuxayl-lo u yunnem (na nepeiiuest nnane )
K aJIh I M a , B
nouranen ,
I
Ho B 601 JI BOCT h . C
aa anepesr , cepzru a MH H OB JI T C.H pr
ITocTeIIE
Ma c r o c06 , .::IOB . Ho 60
cren eii
JI n
3hI M JI non: C K JI X rropn C 6 0 P 3hI M I -JI rr rr e T h I
C06AKVI
29
60P3b1E, rOH"IVlE, l1ErABblE
OBaTb ,n;06bI
Aipeancxasi tiopsas.
[ He rrOJIb3Y IO
r
c.nezry,
TO
06paTMTCH
.nte ztaxce He BOCTO'IHbIX
ryxae nx aa ~JIH
JIOB'IeI'O
HbIX
rropozr
apafioa,
Ha
y ,n;JIH ,n;06bI
IX ceMerrCTB
'H 60p3bIX.
O'IeHb BbICO
IbIBaJIHCb OT
KaJIbIMa, BbIKyrra aa ztenymxy-nenec'ry, B nonycormo .nomazteri, HO 6paJIH xoponryro fiopayro cofiarcy -
Ta3Y.
Ho B 60p3bIX cotiaxax :o;eHHJIaCb He TOJIbKO ,n;06bI'I JIHBOCTb. CTpeMHTeJIbHOCTb H KpaCOTa CKa'IKH 60p30rr aa anepevr, ee CTpOMHOCTb H H3H~eCTBO rrpHBJIeKaJIH cepzma MHOI'HX OXOTHHKOB.
II
OXOTa C 60P3bIMH CTa
HOBHTCH pa3BJIe'IeHHeM 3HaTH.
Tlocrenenno
60p3bIe pacnpocrpaaanacs K cesepy.
MHOI'O cotiax rrpHB03HJIH
,n;OB. Ho 60p3bIe crerreii H rrOJIeM.
psrnapn
H3 KpeCTOBbIX rroxo
cooarcn OTKpbITbIX rrpOCTpaHCTB
B Banannoit Espone
,n;JIH OXOT C 6op
3bIMH nonxozm.na JIHllIb 60JIbllIHe rrOMeCTbH aHI'JIHM CKHX JIOp,n;OB. Ho H B AHI'JIHH yxce ,n;aBHO HeT OXOTbI C 60p3bIMH. AHI'JIHMCKHe 60p3bIe -
ynrme'rsr -
CeM'IaC
rpaaopm-sr
rpeaxavnzrsr
C06a'IbHX 6eI'OB.
H
30
C06AK~
A
BOT CTeIIH H
JIeCOCTeIIH POCCHH IIO,D;OIIIJIH ,D;JIJI
,IJ;o HaIIIHX speraen ,D;OIIIJIO HeCKOJIbKO IIOpO,D; 60P3bIX cofiarc, H ,D;JIJI Ka)K,D;OH IIOpO,D;bI ecrs CBOH HaM60JIee IIO,D;
B
Ka3aXCTaHe H 'I'yprcrae
HHH He3aMeHHMbI 6bICTpOHorHe Ta3bI, B IIpe,D;rOpbJIX KHprH3CKoro TJIHb-lliaHJI -
TaHraH, B
Adn-aaacrane
P3blE, rOHlf l
scex 60P3bl
enrs
IICOBOH OXOTbI C 60P3bIMH KaK HeJIb3JI JIy"tJIIIe.
XO,D;JIIIJ;He OXOTHH"tJbH yrO,D;bJI.
-
v
a60pHreHHaJI adiranorcaa 60p3aJI. Ta3bI H TaHraHbI OT
HH C
Illepcrr. y fi «llCOBHHa» T.e. O,D;eTaJI y HHX
JIerK~
pacsr
IIO"tJTF.
rOJIOBa j
JIH"tJHO YMelOT paoora'n, H BMeCTe C 6epKyTOM.
COK O IIOCaJf<
B CTeIIJIX IIpHKaCIIHJI H Cesepaoro KaBKa3a - xop TaJI H roxcnopyccrcaa CTeIIHaJI fiopasre, a BOT JIeCOCTeIIH
KaJI.
POCCHH H3,D;aBHa 6bIJIH «U;apCTBOM » pyCCKOH IICOBOH 60p30H.
A
BO'I
asrr-ayra zt; 06bI"tJHO JIerKOH rpa
Pyccrcaa IICOBaJI 60p3aJI CTaJIa nanreii HaU;HOHaJIbHOH
pa, KaK OH~
IIOpO,D;OH H nanreii rOp,D;OCTblO. 8TO O,D;Ha H3 KpaCHBeH
POMHbIMHC
IIIHX cotiarc B MHpe H 6e3yCJIOBHO CaMaJI 3JIeraHTHaJI H3
ObICTPbIM K
C06AKH
31
60P3blE, rOHLfYlE, llErABblE
).n;0 lIIJUI .n;JIJI
scex 60p3bIX. ITo CYlJIY:3TY PYCCKYlX rrCOBbIX He cnyra
nne.
eun, HI1 C KeM. OHYl rcpynnsre, rrO'ITYl xsanparrrsre. Illepcn, y 60p3bIX Ha3bIBaeTCJI CTapbIM PYCCKI1M CJIOBOM
)PO.n; 60p3bIX m60JIee
non
« rrCOBYlHa » -
r .e. ozreraa
:e Yl TYPKMe
npeztropsnx
y HI1X JIerKaJI, BOJIHI1CTaJI I1JII1 B
pacsr
'aHYlCTaHe
raiiram.r
OT
rrO'ITI1 JII06ble, HO
rOJIOBa
OM.
Ka3a -
OTCIO,n;a I1 Ha3BaHYle rropo,n;bI « rrCOBaJI » ,
lIIepCTbIO, He rJIa.n;KOlIIepCTHaJI.
y
xpvrnrox
II urepcrt,
3aBI1TKe. OK
scerna O'IeHb napazrasie.
60P30M ,n;JIYlHHaJI I1 Y3KaJI. MaJIeHbKI1e BbI
nocaxcennsre YUII13aJIOmeHbI aaaazr, I'pvzn, rrryoo KaJI. A BOT JII1HI1JI sepxa COBeplIIeHHO Heo6bI'IHaJI nsrrnyra zryroii.
COKO XOp
'T JIeCOCTerrYl
KOM rrCOBOM
06bI'IHO :3TO O'IeHb cnoxoiinaa cofiarca I1 ,n;BI1raeTCJI JIerKOM rpaO;I103HOrr
psrcuoa.
Ho CTOYlT err yBYl,n;eTb 3Be
D;I10HaJIbHOrr
pJI, KaK OHa npeotipaxcaercn, peaxo B036ym,n;aeTCJI Yl or
3 KpaCI1BeM
POMHbIMYl CKa'IKaMYl «JIeTYlT» B norone I1CKJIIO'IIiTeJIbHO
eraHTHaJI Yl3
6bICTPbIM rcapsepoxr.
Aipzanctcue 60p3bte 6 nOZOHe sa oo6bl'teu
~.
32
C05AKH Mnor-ne
CqHTaIOT, qTO pyCCKa.H IICOBa.H 60p3a.H
CaMa.H 6bICTpa.H cofi axa B Mllpe. Ho 3TO He TaK. CJIaBy pyCCKOll IICOBOll AOCTaBHJIll ee KpaCOTa, KpaCOT a ee cxa-ncn, JIOBKOCTb H MaCTepCTBO IIpH OXOTe.
B
crapnny B POCCHH na 60JIbIIIHX OXOTax A JI.H roro,
qTo6bI
nsrrnarr,
anepeit H3 .neca na OTKpbIToe MeCTO,
P3 blE, rOH'i
OX OT a c rOH
iIIOA e ll 6JIa: fOHqHe T e JI b H b I , OF 3 a n a X OB OM y r O,Ll;b .H -
,
B IIOM0I.I.J;b 60P3bIM llCIIOJIb30BaJIH rOHqHX cotiax . Ho
3 B e p .H, IIOS
OXOTa C rOHqllMll ncerna c v m e c r n o s ana II caraa IIO ce6e.
3 a T O 060H.H
I'on-me cofiaxn CqHTaIOTC.H OAHHMH H3 ApeBHellIIIHX.
CKJIOHHO
Er.u;e HaIIIHM npanrypaxr OHH IIOMOraJIH Ao6bIBaTb IIH
K aK ,Ll;HKHX,
nry.
BaIOT IIpH 3'1
Ho IIOA06HO OXOTe C 60P3bIMH B CTeIIH, IICOBa.H
Pu ccicue ncoeue tiopsue
npecneinpom. Jl Uc u4Y
C06AK~
$I
60p3aR
~ TaK. CJIaBy
KpaCOTa ee
reo
ax ,n;JIR ror-o,
srroe MeCTO,
x cotiax. Ho
~ aM a no ce6e.
peuueiinrax.
06bIBaTb rrn enn, nCOBaR
ncoeue tiopsue fJYlOm nucuuu
60P3blE,
rOHli~E,
nErABblE
OXOTa C rOH'IllMll B .necax Enponsr CTaJIa paaanexeanew JIIo,n;eH 6JIaropo,n;Horo npoacxoxcneaaa. Ton-rae cotiarcn no cpaaaeamo C 60P3bIMll Me,n;JIll TeJIbHbI, OHll 3BepH He JIOBRT, a rOHRT, npecnezryror no aanaxonosry cnezry C nosrra aenpepsmasne JIaeM. I1x yrozn.a - JIeca, ronxne peznco Bll,n;RT npecnezryereoro 3BepH, II08TOMY epenne y HllX xyxce, 'IeM y 60p3bIX, 3aTO 060HRHlle 3aMe'IaTeJIbHO ocrpoe. CKJIOHHOCTb rnars 3BepH ecrs no-rm y scex Co6aK KaK ,n;llKllX, TaK II ,n;OMaIIIHllX. Ilopoii cooaxa a noramca BaIOT npn 8TOM. Ho paaaana Mem,n;y HllMllll HaCTOHIII;llMll
33
34
C06AK~
rOH~llMll B TOM, ~TO 06bI~HbIe, He roavne cofiarc« rrpec
.nezryror
3BepH TOJIbKO no CBeJKllM CJIe,n;aM II JIalOT OT
B036yJK,n;eHllH JIllIIIb npa anne ,n;06bI~ll. ECJIll llM He yzraerca nOHMaTb ee B
nepasre MllHYTbI,
TO norOHIO 6po
caror. ReT y HllX cavroro rJIaBHOrO Ka~eCTBa rOH~eH CO 6aKll -
HaCTOH~llBOCTllll yrropcrna B npecneztoaannn.
-
P3bIE, rOHlf
ua OXO x a casra He Ha OXOTl
IIJIll
IeHI1e pal JIOc . r OJIOC IIO TeM6py I
rOH~aH cofiaxa Ha~llHaeT JIaHTb, KaK TOJIbKO B03b
penenrrer , ~
MeT CJIe,n;. OHa rorrar 3BepH ,n;o Tex nop, noxa llJIll He
ITo ro.nocy (
B03bMeT ero ll3MOpOM, llJIll He BbIrOHllT nozt 60p3bIX
o a K a CO c.ne, .-H I no
eJIe,n;~
f OH 6bIBaeT
ccxast n eeasi e
C06AKl-1 ~06aKl1 npec
11 JIaIOT o'r ECJIl1 11M He norOHIO 6po a rOH'IeH co :JIe,n;OBaHl1l1. 'OJIbKO B03b IOKa l1JII1 He rrozt 60P3bIX 11
60P3blE, rOHLil-1E, nErABblE
l1JIl1 na OXOTHl1Ka, l1JIl1 He c06beTCH co crrezta, l1JIl1 no xa caraa He norepaer Cl1JIbI or YCTaJIOCTl1. Ha OXOTe B rOHlleH u;eHl1TCH xyrse, HaCTOH'Il1BOCTb, YMeHl1e pacnyrsraa-n, CJIe,n;bI aaeperi, 11, KOHellHO, 1'0 JIOC. rOJIOC rOH'IeH OXOTHI1KY rOBOpl1T MHoroe. I1MeHHo no TeM6py rOJIOca, no TOMy, KaK ona JIaeT, OXOTHI1K orr peztenaer, xaxoro 3BepH nO,ll;HHJIa 11 npecnezryer cofiaxa. ITo ro.nocy OH 3HaeT, 'ITO npoacxozrar - C611JIaCb JIl1 CO fiaxa co c.nena 11 pacnvrsraaer asepnasre yJIOBKl1, rOHl1T JIl1 rro c.nezry l1JIl1 yxce yBl1,n;eJIa 3BepH. Oc06eHHO HPKl1H rOH 6bIBaeT rro BOJIKy. rOJIOC 11 sraaepa noztaxa rOJIOca PYCC1CM
neeasteotocan
35
36
C06AKlt1
y KaJK,n;oii rOH"lleii CBOR, II My3hIKa rona ,n;JIR c-rpacrnoro OXOTHIIKa, noacanyii, BaJKHee, "lleM ,n;o6hI"lla. B XVIII- XIX nercax B POCCIIII CYII.J;eCTBOBaJIO He Me nee ,n;eCRTKa nopozt rOH"llIIX, HO eII.J;e C KOHIJ;a XIX nerca MHorIIe 3aBo,n;"llIIKll BeJIII pafio-ry no BhIBe,n;eHIIIO e,n;IIHO ro TIIIIa pyccrcoii rOH"lleii. Ceirsac B POCCIIII zrse npeaoc xoznrsre nopozrsr rOH"llIIX cotiax - pyccrcaa II pyccrcaa
rrer-aa roa-nre. OXOTHII"llhII yrozn.a COKpaII.J;aIOTCR, COKpaII.J;aeTCR II IIOrOJIOBhe rOH"llIIX, HO JII06IITeJIII coxpanaror MHorIIe IIOpO,n;bI KaK IIaMRTh 0 IIpoIIIJIOM, aezn, co6aKII - ::lTO xac'rs aanreii IICTOpIIII. Korzta-ro, cnyuras JIaM rOH"lleii Co6aKII, Ham IIpe,n;OK, noopyxcearrsrii IIaJIIIIJ;eii, KOIIbeM , 3aTeM II JIyKOM co CTpeJIaMII IIJIII C cersro, nepecexan zto pory npecnezryeraosry 3BepIO. Korna-ro IIO Bceii Espone BCJIe,n; aa CTaRMII rOH"llIIX CKaKaJIII KOpOJIII II eIIIICKonhI, rcasanepsr II ,n;aMbI, aezn, IICOBaR OXOTa6hIJIa IIpIIBIIJIerII eii JIIO,n;eii 6JIarOpo,n;Horo COCJIOBIIR. KaK IIfuV1RTh 0 IIpOIII JIOM, OCTaJIOCh 60JIee 70 nopozt rOH"llIIX cooax, II B cnIICKe CTpaH-po,n;OHa"llaJIbHIIIJ; IIOpO,n; - BCR Espona.
Herco-ropsi porpecca n .
6 a KII -Ko Mr o b3YIOTCR Ho r IIX crpa _ rrp o Bo 3y III: e TCR anr.nn
Bnaztraym no KpOBRHOM
BJWOzayHO
H
pafioraer
IB, KaK non
PYCCIW R ZOH 'lQ
BUZJt b
C06AKH
u 6accem (cnpaea )
.H CT p a CTH Or o
a. IOBaJIO He Me
.u a XIX s erca
;eHIHO eznnro
t1 zrse
rrpesoc
1.H fI p ycc rcaa
:OK p a IJJ;a e T C.H
H.HIOT MHorfIe
D6aKfI -
3 TO
I JIaH rOH1.IeM
:o;eM,
rconsera,
rep ecercan zto-
Esporre emrcxonsr,
Hexoropsre rOH1.IfIe cofiarcn aaxonrrr ce6e HOBbIe nporpeccna. KOPOTKOHorfIe 6 acceTbI norr y.napasr KaK
BceH
co6aKfI-KOMrraHbOHbI. KapJIfIKOBbl e rOH1.IfIe 6fIrJIfI fI C
fI
rrOJIb3 YIOTC.H rrO JIfI:O;fIeH fI TaMomeHHbIMfI CJIym6aMfI
a rrpanuner-a
MHorfIX CTpaH MfIpa .n;JI.H
M.HTb 0 rrpOIII
K
.K , fI B cnncrce
TaeTC.H a H r JI fI M CK fI H 6JIa.n;raYH.n; •
la.
nponoay npozryrcron. A
Bnanraynn -
oonapyaeeaas
3arrpeIJJ;eHHbIX
JIY1.IIIIfIM «HOCOM') MfIpa C1.IfI
He HaCTO.HIJJ;a.H rOH1.Ia.H,
a
rOH1.Ia.H
rro KpOB.HHOMy c.nezry, TO ecrr, .n;JI.H noncxa rronpamcoa. OH
paooraer
MOJI1.Ia, crcopee KaK fIIJJ;eMKa, HO HaCTOM
1.IfIB, KaK nozina aaaa rOH1.Ia.H cofiarca. EIJJ;e HeCKOJIbKO
PYCCIWJl ZOH l£a R
illOmJlanOCKUU U UpJlanOCKUU
(na nepeiinem nna u cemmepu
CTOJIenrH
naaan OH
TyrrHHKoB H
npec
OTrOHTIII
CKOTa, aezn, OH MOJIWT H,n;TH
H W l h Il X co6
HCITOJIh30BaJIC.H ,n;JI.H P03hICKa
yrcpazreanor-o
ITO cnezry ,n;aBHOCThlO B HeCKOJIhKO ,n;HeH. COBpeMeHHhIH
C06JIeHHhle
pexopzi
Bopasre, I T h I na aaepei
HOCThlO
6JIa,n;rayH,n;a -
105
B CIIIA
npopafiorxa c.nena nan
TIaCOB, yBeHTIaBIIIa.HC.H rrOHMKOH
KOHeTIHO, 3TO He B
ropozte,
sopa,
a B CeJlhCKOH MeCTHOCTH .
KOr,n;a-TO
C 0 6 a K II HaX T OK , 11 TyT- '
AHZJlUUCKUU cemmep
PO,n;I1HaTaK HX H
Ha3hIB ~
« IIIIT
CII II -
Ho rryxur KII, KOTOphI
ny , HO euie
II He IIIeBeJIl
ITT H u;e H Ba H II e Ho e
~
«JIerE
anr JIIIH
H OBa .H rpYIT
BMe CT O yKJI,
n epezt
HaH,n;1
I1CK a JI II ,n;Wl
zry x y
OT care
CJIe ,n;OBa JI II (
TaK B03H
a r JIIIHCKlI:f
r JI a,ZJ; K OIIIe p (
illOmJlaHaCKUU U Up.naHaCKUU
TaKca
(ua nepedn em n.nane cemmepst
)3bICKa rrpec MomeT H,n:TH oBpeMeHHbIH
KOH Bopa,
1eCTHOCTH .
OT rOH'IHX npOH30IIIJIH erne HeCKOJIbKO rpynn OXOT HH'IbHX c06aK -
8TO KOpOTKOHOrHe TaKCbI, npncrro
.neraasre. Bopasre, rOH'IHe H TaKCbI CJIymHJIH H CJIymaT ,n:JIJI OXO TbI na anepeii, a .neraasre cotiarcn - ,n:JIJI OXOTbI aa rrTHII;Y. Korzta-ro nTHII; 6bIJIO MHoro H HX JIOBHJIH CeTJIMH. C06JIeHHbIe ,n:JIJI JIOBJIH asepeii B HOpaX, H
C06aKH Haxo,n:HJIH 3aTaHBIIIHXCJI rrepene.noa H rcyporra TOK, H TyT-TO HX scex H HaKpbIBaJIH 60JIbiliOH ce-n.io.
Pozuma TaKHX
«rrTH'IbHX» c06aK -
I1cnaHHJI, n08TOMY
HX H Ha3bIBaJIH 8rraHbOJIaMH HJIH CrraHHeJIJIMH, a B POC CHH -
«IIIrraHKaMH » •
.ny-nne xoropsre
Ho KH,
scero ,n:JIJI TaKOH OXOTbI nozrxozrana coria He TOJIbKO He rryrana 3aTaHBIIIYIOCJI nTH
II;y, HO ew;e H JIOJRHJIHCb nepezr HaH,n:eHHbIMH rrTHII;aMH H He IIIeBeJIHJIHCb, naace eCJIH HX HaKpbIBaJIH BMeCTe C rrTHII;eH -
'1To6bI ceTb He aanyrsmar's. OTCIO,n:a H Ha3
BaHHe «JIeraBaJI », OT CJIOBa «JIer », «JIe'lb » • AHaJIOrH'I Hoe aHrJIHHCKOe Ha3BaHHe -
«setter».
TaK B03HHKJIa
HOBaJI rpynna c06aK. C pa3BHTHeM pyJReHHOH OXOTbI BMeCTO yKJIMKH ,n:06HJIHCb Toro, '1T06bI cotiaxa CTOJIJIa nepezt HaH,n:eHHOH nTHII;eH. 8TH BbICOKOHorHe
ce'rrepsr
HCKaJIH ,n:H'Ib rro aanaxy, KOTOpbIH ,n:OHOCHTCJI no B03 zryxy OT caMOH rrTHII;bI, TO ec'rs BepXHHM '1yTbeM, H 06 CJIe,n:OBaJIH OXOTHH'IbH yrozn.a aa 6bICTpOM ranorre. TaK B03HHKJIH 3HaMeHHTble anrJIHHCKHe
neraasre cer-repsr,
nrJIHHCKHH, HpJIaH,n:cKHH H IIIOTJIaH,n:cKHH r JIa,n:KOIIIepCTHble
noinrrepsr.
40
C05AK~
A
B KOHTIIHeHTaJIhHOll
nopozrsr rrer-anr,rx
Banazmoa Espone naasmaesrsre
cotiarc, TaK
P3 b1 E,
rOHLj~E
CBOIf
KOHTIfH eH
ram.asre .neraasre, If3 K OT Op b I X ocotiermo xoponm He MeIJ;KIfe .neransre: mecTKoIIIepcTHbIll zrparxaap, rJIa.,LJ; KOIIIepcTHbIll KYPIJ;Xaap. E CTb erne If )l;JIIfHHOIIIepCTHRH pa3HOBIf)l;HOCTb HeMIJ;bI
-
HOCTblO, rrOTOMY If MhIX pa3HhIX
JIaHrxaap.
aapon,
If3BecTHbIll
.neraasre
yrozn.ax,
c n o e ii
nparc-mv
If X MOrJIIf pafio'rart, B ca
CaMIf )l;IfTJh IfCKaJIIf, CRMIf If nozt
6IfTylO OXOTHIfKY IIO)l;aBaJIIf.
A
aHrJIIfllCKIfe OXOTHIfKIf nee YBeJIIfTJIfBaJIIf CKO
POCTh noncxa CBOIfX JIeraBbIX, a 3HaTJIfT If If X asapr HOCTh.
Ii
QTo6bI TeMrr epaMeHTHhle cofiaxn He
npnnsr
K aJIIf CpbIBa'I
H .HT b C.H, anrv e rn e O)l;HY co f
[JOUHm ep
If If npnnec
_H I , TJTO 3HaTJ
C06AKH
60P3b1E,
rOH~HE,
41
J1ErABbIE Jleeaeue
DIIe ~
Kypu,xaap u iJpamxaap
CBOM
KOHTMHeH
XOPOIliM He
.x a a p , rvrazr EIOllIepCTHaH
fi
IIpaKTWI
60TaTb B ca casrn M IIO,n;
mBaJIM CKO M MX
aaapr
1: He IIpMBbI
ttoa« mep
KaJIM
cpsmar sca
co CTOMKM M aa paHeHOM ,n;MqbIO ro
HHTbCH, aHrJIMqaHe CTaJIM
fipa n,
na OXOTy C JIeraBOM
ern;e ozray cofiarcy, qTo6bI IIo,n;cTpeJIeHHyIO IITMU;y HaM. TM M IIpMHeCTM. TaKMX cofiax Ha3bIBaJIM
perpnsepa
MM, qTO 3HaqMT «BHOBb naxozra-n, M noztanarr. ,n;Mqb».
42
COEiAK~
LJepuuii natipaoop
P3 bIE, rOHlfH
XX serca. III e c r s II .nafipa xa xaure na: qepThI xapai
pempueep
COBc e M Ham rr p II H u;e CCOH
nozrsrpr., OTJI
parrear . One cnacar em. , I
PeTpIIBep p;OJIjKeH 6hIJI: • HaXOp;IIThC.H y nor OXOTHIIKa, • 6hITh rrOCJIyIIIeH, IIOH.HTJIIIB, • IIMeTh
xopornee
qyThe,
• IICKaTh panenyro IIJIII yfirrryro P;IIqh, HO na zrpyr-ax IITIIU; He OTBJIeKaThC.H, • IIMeTh
xopornee apenne,
qTo6hI BIIp;eTh, xyzta yrra
JIa IITIIu;a, • OXOTHO IIP;TII aa HeH B XOJIOp;Hyro BOP;y II B
r-ycrsre
3apOCJIII, • IIMeTh XOpOIIIIIH POCT II p;OCTaTOqHYro CIIJIy, • He M.HTh P;IIqII, qTo6hI IIpIIHeCTII P;06hIl.J:Y 6e3 IIOB pejKp;eHIIH.
Kopone rOBOp.H, Tpe6oBaRII.H rrOqTII KaK K 30JIyIIIKe yMeTh p;eJIaTh ace, TYT «Tpe6oBaJIIiCh l.J:YThe cer-repa IIJIII CIIaHIIeJI.H, yM II 30pKOCTh KOJIJIII, JIro60Bh K nozre BOP;O JIa3a, IIOH.HTJIIiBOCTh II JIro60Bh K IIOHOCKe IIyp;eJI.H ». Ho
perpnaepsr
6hIJIli
see
jKe
MaJIOqIICJIeHHhI.
«3Be3p;HhIH xac » IIX HacTyIIIIJI co BTOPOH rrOJIOBIIHhI
C06AKH
43
60P3b1E, rOH"IHE, llErABblE
XX nexa. Tlororay qTO cpezm rneCT11 nopozt peTp11BepOB ecrr. 11 .nafipanop-pe-rpmsep, rcoroporo IIlI1pOKaH rry6JI11 xa xame Ha3bIBaeT rrpOCTO «.naopanop». YH11KaJIbHble xepr-sr xaparcrepa ST11X cotiax OKa3aJI11Cb BOCTpe6oBaHbI COBceM aa zrpyror« rronpmne, 11 nama «30JIyIIIKa» CTaJIa npanneccoii. JIa6pa.n;op - JIyqlIIaH B M11pe cofiaxa-rto aoznaps, OTJI11qHbIM: rrOMOIIJ,H11K 11HBaJI11.n;OB, cotiaxa-re panear. Oxem, xoponro 3apeKOMeH.n;OBaJI OH ceoa 11 KaK cnacarern., na rr011CKe M11H I1 HapKOT11KOB.
JIatipaiiop 6
so na .n;PYrIiX
rb, rcyna ynaY 11 B
r'ycrr.re
) C11JIY,
:>IlIY 6e3 rros
: 30JIYlIIKe cer-repa 11JI11 K
none
BO.n;O
:y.n;emI» •
)YB1CJIeHHbI.
1:
rrOJIOB11HbI
.ny'lWa.R.
uupe cotiatca-noeooup«
;0
44
C06AK~
Ho H3 OXOTHWlhHX rrTH"LIhHX cotiarc He TOJIhKO per
pasepsr
rrOJIy"LIHJIH
tea MHH H HHeJIH,
ztpyr-ae crreD;HaJIhHOCTH.
,IJ;JIH rrOHC
HapKOTHKOB HCrrOJIh3YlOT H CrraHHeJIeH. Crra
rrpeznca
JIeraBhIX, TOJKe He CTOHJIH
na
MeCTe.
8TH KOpOTKoHorHe, He60JIhIIIHe C06a"LIKH C ,n;JIHHHhIMH BHCH"LIHMH yIIIaMH O"LIeHh
nony.napasa
H KaK OXOTHH
KH. IICrrOJIh3YlOTCH OHH TaM, r,n;e Tpy,n;HO COKOHorHM JIeraBhIM KOJIIO"LIHX ,n;H"LIH.
xycrapnnxax, na OXOTe
CrraHHeJIH
patiorart, BhI
B BhICOKOH TpaBe, B
OTJIH"LIHO
rro
ryc'rsrx
nononnanarourea
pa36HpalOTCH
B
CJIe,n;ax
na Flopozt cnaa aem.,
n
HHTeJIJIE
a a r JIHHCKHi H H e JI h
nphIJKKOM co B3JIaHBaHHeM.
xopour pyCCKHH cofiarca, rrOTOMOK 3aBe3eHHhIX
CrraHHeJIeH HeMaJIO. O"LIeHh
rrpercpacnaa
pa60"LIaH
BOT MHorHe ztpvrne,
crapsre nopozrsr
al'
o
Tpy,n;HO
c e6e
r ,n;e-TC
n a napxere i pn a r a , H ,n;p; ~HCTO
HO
!IOP O,n;h I Bce
,n;
cnai 3TH
.t a H K H , rOH
.rer-aasre, en
er' oztn a
CO
O X OT H H K O B ·
B PoeCHIO CrraHHeJIeH pa3HhIX nopozt.
A
H
x ox ep -cn a m
rrTHD;, pa60TalOT 6e3 CTOHKH H rro,n;HHMaIOT nTHD;y KphIJIO pe3KHM
rOHlI~
- P3b1E,
CrraHHeJIeH
CTaJIH norrvnapasmn cotiaaaxra-rcorerraasorraxra -
3TO
orropr n a a c H O OTHOCHTh qe
iI O B e ~ e eT E
Bem. , noraor PyCCKUU cna u uen s
B hIJK H T h Hal :"OH - T O cren
sre cotiarcn,
:::;:pe ,n;a H H h I e 1 paeTH.OH ::!IIe
~eJIOBeq
UUCKue KOK
C06AKH
TOJIbKO per
l1:
l1:HTeJIJIl1:reH THellllIl1:ll
if . ,IJ;JI.H nOl1:C
anrJIl1:ll CKl1:ll
m e JI e ll . Crra
Hl1: eJIb
m ~
na MeCTe. ,n;JIl1:HHbIMl1:
xarc
OXOTHl1:
45
60P3b1E, rOHliHE, J1ErABbIE
rcoxep-cn a
l1: aMepl1:KaHCKl1:ll
xoxep-cnanaens, KOTOpO ro
Tpy,n;HO
ce6e
rne-ro
rrpe,n;CTaBl1:Tb KpOMe
KaK
la60TaTb BbI
n a naprcere BbICTaBO'IHOrO
e,
panra, l1: ztpyr-ae yace ,n;aB
B
ryc'rsrx
nercoparnnasre
,rr JI a B a lO :w; e ll
HO 'Il1:CTO
.H B
rrOpO,n;bI CrraHl1:eJIell •
)T
CJI e ,n; a x
rrrrrrry na
lfeM.
I1opO,n;
Bce .nainca,
3 T l1:
C06aKl1:
rOH'Il1:e,
fiopaste ,
II CnaHl1:eJIb,
JIeraBble, CrraHl1:eJIl1: -
3aBe3eHHbIX
CerO,n;H.H
OXOTHl1:KOB -JII06l1:TeJIell .
[ cnanne.neii
lHaMl1: -
nan uens
l1:
COnpOBOJR,n;aIOT
:n o
K
A inepUKan CKUU «otcep-cnanuen»
CrrOpTl1:BHOll OXOTe MOJR
HO OTHOCl1:TbC.H rro- pa3HOMY. Ho HeJIb3.H 3a6bIBaTb, 'ITO 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBO 06R3aHO 3Tl1:M C06aKaM O'IeHb MHOrl1:M.
Bezu., noraoraa ,n;06bIBaTb mmry,
3Tl1: C06aKl1: rrOMOraJIl1:
BbIJRl1:Tb aauraxr npezncara, a 3Ha'Il1:T MbI C BaMl1: B rca KOll -TO crenemr 06R3aHbI llM JRl1:3HblO. 8TO npercpac
m.re C06aKl1: , resmepanearmae, aaaprnsre , xpacnasre, rrpezranusre l1: 'IeJIOBeKY-X03.Hl1:HY , II cnoeii OXOTHl1:'Ibell crpacra. OHl1:, KaK II ,n;l1:Kl1:e Bll,n;bI JRl1:BOTHbIX, ,n;OCTO.H nne 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa.
AnZJlUUCKUe tcotcep-cnauu eiui
OXOTa M 3E e iI OB e K a , O} p Oepe CCM M ( ~ O B aH rrpoqH
a JI a
HOBoH
a x a n a 6hIJl
rca npezryrr H He TOJIhKO TO M
m
I
nr.rrar ./KMBOT
asr e cramrsre
ze
n
naaazr. H BOT yxce
........ a e T
q{
'~' II B O T H hI X
H OBU;y B 01
OHM: BXO,n; :
ca
H I' y HMX
TMX, HO -
p hIe
cofiaxi
_ P I e : He Hal
• -BalO T 3a 3a
=
He
rcaneaa:
h I CO
crazrc
,J:iIH 3a~ M .-:.
e
MOI'yqMl
. e1l;IIJI M -
aa n
qHh I X . 8 T O CH , qTO
y un.a
J
CO,
II03TOMY BillH X CH
rrr
co6aK aMM 1.11;0 CHX I _
jKH e
C KUU
Memt
iioe
Aor~ OXOTa II 3eMJIe,n;eJIlle -
BOT
npenaemune
qeJIOBeKa, OXOTHllK II CTOpO)K -
rrpO~eCCllll C06aKll. 3aTeM y HOBaH
nporpeccna -
BOT
3aHHTllH
casrsre rrepnsre
qeJIOBeKa rrOHBllJIaCb
nac'ryx , II noracurs nacrvxa a
CTaJIa HOBOll: CJIy)K60ll: C06aKll.
Pa60Ta
npn
crane
npononxcenaera pa60TbI CTOpO)Ka. CO 6aKa npezrynpeaczrana 0 rrpll6JIll)KeHllll xnnraoro 3Be pa He TOJIbKO K neniepe llJIll CTOH61l~y, HO II K crany, a TO II nsrranacs oror-aarr, 3BepH. Ilepnsnan ,n;OMaIII cna-rana 6bIJIa
HllMll )KllBOTHbIMll 6bIJIll OBIJ;bI II K03bI. 8'1'0 )KllBOT
nsre crazrasre. Ho II nacryx c.nezra-r aa TeM, qT06bI OHll zrepxcanacs BMeCTe, a OT61lBIIIllXCH 0'1' crazra B03Bpa rnaer aaaazt. 11 BOT yxce xarcne-ro C06aKll, rrOH.RB, qTO rpetiyer 0'1' )KllBOTHbIX qeJIOBeK-BO)KaK, caran 3arOHHIOT OT61lBIIIy lOCH OBIJ;y B
orapy.
,IJ;JIH a'rnx c06aK OBIJ;bI yxce He ,n;06bI
qa, onn BXO,n;HT B CTaIO «JIIO,n;1l-c06aKll-0BIJ;bI», TOJIbKO
panr y
anx caMbIH H1l3Kllll:, II C06aKll He TOJIbKO aarrm
~aIOT ax, HO 1l1lMeIOT
ropsre
npaso KOMaH,n;OBaTb llMll.
C06aKll OTHOC.RTC.R K
«CBOllM»
HeKO
)KllBOTHbIM rro
M.Rrqe: He nanaztator, He rryraro'r, a JIllilib CJIerKa norcy CbIBaIOT aa aannne aorn -
rrOCJIyIIIaHllH ,n;06llBaIOTCH,
HO He xanexar. BOT TaKllX-TO c06aK II
nepacann ,n;JI.R pa
60TbI CO cranora, 0'1' unx II OCTaBJI.RJIll ~eHHT. ,IJ;JIH aanrar sr 0'1' Xll~HllKOB HY)KHbI 6bIJIll
orpoxr Onn
HbIe, Moryqlle, 6eCCTpaIIIHbIe II 3JI06HbIe C06aKll.
crreztana aa IJ;eJIOCTbIO II 6e30rracHocTbIO CBOllX nozro
nacryursn oxpaansre C06aKll. Csrn poztona qaJIbHllKaMll aToll: rpyrrm.r CTaJIll
nes asrx. 8'1'0 6bIJIll TaeTC.R, qTO
rracrynn,n C06aKll T1l6eTa I'll.
Iloaroray
Moryqlle T1l6eTCKlle no
nx MHOrOqllCJIeHHbIX IIOTOMKOB, pacce
JIllBIIIllXCH rro nceray MllPY, Ha3bIBaIOT
ztoroofipaama
Mll cofiaxars a, llJIll ,n;oraMll.
11
ztpennnx c06aK II aenpnxor rmasre ncsr
zro cnx rrop ouem, noxoxcae na
CXO)Klle Me)K,n;y C060H
T u6em CKUU iioz
cyponsre
II
Cpedneasuamctcois oesap« no cunau odonems BOJlIW
COrrpOB( pe HH,ll
crpana: rropo,n;y 6aK PO) rry6mm CKHMH Terrepb
t.r
TOMy
paHHJIH HOBeHHc
JIerKO C
MeTp OB , KpyrJIO ( B.H3 b I Bal
HX OT BC
Heo6 ,n;eJIHJIa H
cpezmt
cofiarcn . HHU;y pc
70-75
C
BCTpeqa
1 MeTpa. cofiarc
HI
Ot.IeHb I CTOK .
TE
naniero
tneasuamctcoii oeuapne ~UJLaM ooonem» 60JllCQ
49
or~
corrpoaoacnaror OBelIbH
orapsr
B
Hpane,
na cese
pe HH,n;HH H IIaKHcTaHa, B AraHHCTaHe H CTpaHaX
Cpezraeji
A3HH.
Eaxcnaa
B
crpana CBOIO
nopony TaKHX C06aK Ha3bIBaeT rrO-CBOeMY. CO 6aK pO,n;OM H3 6bIBllIHX Cpe,n;Hea3HaTCKHX pee rry6JIHK CCCP rrpHHJITO Ha3bIBaTb cpezmeaanar CK11M11 OBlIapKaMH. XOTJI BCe xame 11 -raure HX Terrepb HMeHyIOT TypKMeHcKHMH aJIa6aJIMH, no TOMy lITO JIylIllIHe
ariopnrennsre
OBlIapKH COX
paHHJIHCb HMeHHO B TypKMeHHH. 8TH Heo6bIK HOBeHHO BbIHOCJIHBbIe C06aKH BMeCTe C orapoii JIerKO COBepllIaIOT
rrepexozrsr
B ,n;eCJITKH KHJIO
MeTpOB, JIerKO rrepeHOCJIT H xcapy, 11 XOJIO,n;. OHH KpyrJIOcyTolIHO mHByT npn orapax , oxem. npn BJI3bIBaIOTCJI K CBOHM nonorrexm.ne H OXpaHJIIOT HX OT BOJIKOB. Heo6xo,n;11MOCTb rrpOTHBOCTOJITb BOJIKaM orrpe ,n;eJI11JIa BHellIHOCTb scex ,n;or006pa3HbIX C06aK, H Cpe,n;Hea311aTCKOrr OBlIapKH Tome. 8TO
rcpyrrasre
Crannapr aaziaer TOJIbKO HllmHIOIO rpa H11US pOCTa. Bepxnero rrpezte.na HeT. "Iacro 3TO 70-75 CM B XOJIKe. XOTJI, rOBOpJIT, lITO B orapax
c06aKH.
BCTpelIaIOTCJI H c06aKH pOCTOM B XOJIKe OKOJIO
1 xrerpa.
8TO HaCTOJIru;He rHraHTbI.
Illepcrr. y
3THX
c06aK He,n;JIHHHaJI, HO rpyfiaa, K TeJIy rrpaneraer OlIeHb
rrJIOTHO,
npaxpsraaer
CTOK. TaKaJI nrepcrr, -
rycTorr
noznnep
OTJIHlIHaJI aamnra OT rra
.narnero COJIHu;a H OT cryzrenoro aerpa. rOJIOBa MaCCHBHaJI C Tyrrorr Mop,n;orr. 11 XBOCT KOpOTKO HbI ClIHTaIOT,
otipeaaasr.
lITO B
Y IlIH
TIa6a
60IO BOJIKH
XBaTaIOT c06aK aa
caxrsre
TeJIbHbIe MeCTa -
YIlIH H XBOCT
lIyBCTBll
H norosry 06pe3aIOT 11X ru;eHJITaM eru;e npn poxcnenaa. C06aKH 3TH KamyTCJI aeropon JIHBbIMH,
ztaxce Me,n;JIHTeJIbHbIMll
I
II
50
C06AK~
II o-rens CrrOKOHHhIMll. Ho OHll 06JIa.n;a1OT B3phIBHhIM xapaxrepoxr, oxeas l.J:yTKll II CrrOC06HhI K MOJIHlleHOC HOMy 6pOCKy. Heztaposr nx llCrrOJIh3YlOT enie II .n;JIR OXOThI na Ka6aHOB, a B He CTOJIh .n;aJIeKOM rrpOIllJIOM .n;JIR OXOThI na 6apCOB II zraace TllrpOB. A eczm rrpllHRTh BO BHllMaHlle nx orpovrayro qnI3lll.J:ecKylO CllJIY, TO CTaHeT rrOHRTHO, no-reray cpezm .ny-mmx oxpaansrx c06aK BO acex pecrrytinnrcax 6hIBillero COBeTCKoro Co 103a BaM 06R3aTeJIhHO Ha30ByT cpenneaaaarcrcyro OB xaprcy, llJIll TypKMeHcKoro aJIa6aR. Ilepnoe naanaane 60JIee npnasrrnoe, nropoe - 60 nee npanam.aoe. Bem, C TOl.J:Kll apenna npoacxoxcne HllR nopozr ecperraeaaaa'r r - COBceM He «OBl.J:apKa». ,IJ;eJIO B TOM,l.J:TO B Poccna ncex c06aK, pafiorannrax npn «oauax », Ha3hIBaJIll onvaprcasnr . BOT npn COCTaB JIeHllll cTaH,n;apTa Ha rropo,n;y II Ha3BaJIll ee «oBl.J:ap KOH». Ho CeHl.J:aC nacrvun,n nopozrsr paarpamoraaaror na nac'rynrsnx oxpamrsrx coriax - STO Moryl.J:lle II CBO enpaaasre rrOTOMKll Tll6eTCKllx ztoron, II co6CTBeHHO OBl.J:apOK - 6hICTpOHorllx, JIerKO ynpaanaerasrx rro TOMKOB OCTpOyXllX cesepasrx c06aK. Ho KaBKa3CKllX OBl.J:apOK on-rapxaxra Ha3bIBalOT rro rrpe.iKHeMy, XOTR STll cotiarcn - pO,n;HR cpezmeaaaar CKllM OBl.J:apKaM, II zraace OTJIlll.J:llTh xoporrcornepcrno ro «rcaaxaana . OT «aaaara . non CllJIY TOJIhKO cnenna JIllCTy . Ho ,n;JIllHHOIllepcTHylO KaBKa3cKYlO omraprcy He crryraenrs Hll CKeM. OrpOMHhIe, Moryl.J:lle, ae.mr-raasre , STll cofiaxn BhI3hIBalOT yaaacenne C nepnoro B3rJIR.n;a. MaCCllBHaR rOJIOBa C He60JIhIllllMll 06pe3aHHhIMll ymaxra rranosraaaer Me.n;Be.iKhlO. A no-rm l.J:TO JIhBll HaR rpasa npnnaer erne 60JIhille MOII.J;ll STOH cotiarce. XBOCThI y KaBKa3CKllX OBl.J:apOK He 06pe3a1OT. CaMll cofiaxn 60JIee rrozmaacasre, 60JIee arerannsre II B3PhIB asre, qeM cpemreaanarcxae. OrpOMHaR epll3llqeCKaR ca.na, 3JIo6HOCTh, qyTKOCTh, ornat-a, - aa STll xanecr na KaBKa3CKYlO oaxaprcy Ha3hIBalOT nopoii JIyl.J:IlleH KapayJIhHOH c06aKOH Mllpa. 0 fiecc'rpanntn KaBKa3C
_n x OBqapor
ae nereazrsr ,
··yTCR rrere K aBK a3u;eB - ~l llcT a B llI ll i1 sre roztsr, 6 hIM 60HU;OM nee CTa BO. ITOTOMKll He TOJIhKO B • OB, C op.n;al'
C06AKl1
51
AOrl1
)T B3phIBHhIM
KI1X OBQapOK B 60ph6e C XI1m;HI1KaMI1 CJIara1OT, -
-\ MOJIHl1eHOC
He JIereH,[J;hI, -
r
iKyTCR JIereH,[J;aMI1.
erne 11 ,[J;JIJI
npaazransre CaMhIM
paCCKa3hI,
HeT,
rcoropsre
3HaMeHMThIM
M3
tea
scex
cepsrfi Torryur. Kpaca aen-rrec,
[ rrpOlllJIOM
«KaBKa3u;eB »
!CJII1 rrpl1HJITh
6JII1CTaBlllMM: na rpY311HCKI1X BhICTaBKax B npezmoea
:Y 1o CI1JIY, TO
nsre
IX OXpaHHhIX
HhIM 60llIIOM, rr06e,[J;I1BIllI1M, oxparraa pO,[J;HY1O orapy,
l B e T CK Or O CO
60JIee CTa BOJIKOB.
311aTcKy1O OB-
6hIJI
rO,[J;hI, 6hIJI K TOMy xce TpYiKeHI1KOM M pe,[J;KOCT
IIoTOMKI1 TM6eTCKI1X
ztoroa
iKMByT
11 pa60Ta1OT
He TOJIhKO B A31111. BMeCTe C rrJIeMeHaMI1 KOQeBHI1 BTopoe -
60
KOB, C
opnax a
aaaoeaareneii OHM rrpO,[J;BI1HyJIMCh na
rrpOI1CXOiK,[J;e «OBqapKa » •
pafioraannrx T npn COCTaB
11 ee «OBqap
:,paHl1ql1Ba1OT orvxae 11 CBO
(1
c06cTBeHHo
BJIReMhIX rro
Ia3hIBa1OT rro
cpemreasnar
IT K Ollle p CT H O
JIhKO cnerma
10 OBQapKy He
!, BeJII1QaBhIe,
soro
B3rJIR,[J;a.
6pe3aHHhIMI1 TI1 QTO JIhBI1 STOM: cofiaxe.
'e 3 a 1OT . CaMI1
asre
11 B3phIB
'pOM: JIYQllleM:
11111 KaBKa3C
Cp eOliea3uam/
-88-llaP Ka
52
C06AKH aanazr, CTaB
nacrynrs asra C06aKaMlI
BOCTO"LlHOH II
Bananaoii Enponsr
rOpHbIX paHOHOB
II OTJIII"LlHbIMII CTO
orH
II rrOTOMKII ROCTII, II
II(
pOmaMII.
,n;eJIeHHaH 1
nopoztaxra, OHII 06pa30 BaJIII r-narncomepcr max MOJIOCCOB, TO ec'rs C06aK 1I3 rpe-recrcon MOJIOCCIIII, xoropsre, conposoacnaa PIIMC
CJIOmeHlIe,
CKpeII.:J;IIBaHCb C MeCTHbIMII
KlIe JIerIIOHbI, rrpOHIIKJIII BO BCe CTpaHbI
nancerna. Ho
Eaporrsr
II OC
« cpeznran : 60JIbllilIMlI
B
EBpOL
II MOJIOCCOB rrOBCIO,n;y crepe
Ka6aHOB, H
II.:J;IIBaJIlI C MeCTHbIMII cofiarcavnr pa3JIII"LlHbIX rropozr,
TpaBIIJIbHbI
TaJIlICb TaM
'--- - - - KaBKa3CIWfl oeuapna
C06AK~
53
Aor~
bIX paMOHOB
11 1I0TOMKI1 I1X yxce CI1JIbHO pa3JII1'IaJIl1Cb 11 110 BHeW
'IHbIMI1 CTO
HOCTI1, 11 110 xapaxrepara. p;eJIeHHaJI He3aBHCHMOCTb
OH11 06pa30
«Cpep;HHM »
Ho 06r.u;I1M OCTaJII1Cb onpe xapatcrepon, CIiOKOMHbIM,
TeMlIepaMeHT,
6p;HTeJIbHOCTb,
IIJIOTHOe
Tb C06aR H3
CJIOmeHHe, MaCCHBHble rOJIOBbI C 'I'YIIOM MOpP;OM H He
mp;aJI P11MC
60JIbWHMH BHCJIqHMH vtnaxra.
BPOlIbI 11 OC
B Enpone
cnaxana HX 11CIIOJIb30BaJIH na OXOTaX na
BCIOP;y crepe
Ka6aHOB, na Mep;Bep;eH, aa P;11KHX 6bIKOB B xa-recr-se
HbIX 1I0pOP;,
TpaBHJIbHbIX c06aK, 3aTeM KaK CTOpOmeBbIX.
/
54
C05AK~
TaKOBbI H aHrJIHllCKHe M a CTHepbI. C ell"LIaC ST O rcpyrr
nsre,
M0:W;HbIe,
O"LIeHb ypaBHOBeJlIeHHbIe C06aKH
H,D;eaJIbHbIe H THIIH"LIHellJlIHe IIpe,D;CTaBHTeJIH
r-pyrrrrsr
MOJIOCCOB. Ho XOTR 110 BOJIe KOHaH ,D;ollJIa 3HaMeHH TaR
cofiarca,
na cepa I'enpn Bacxep casra MaCTH JlIHpOKOll lIy6JIHKe. A BOT 06 HX
1I0KYJlIaBJlIaRCR
BHJIR, 6bIJIa KaK
paa
1I0MeCblO MaCTHepa,
poxorpyzrste 6bIJIO JIer"LIe
ar
JlIerOCR K
HHJKHRR t.IC
y ,D;0 6 H e e y,D;€
E npan
IIpH STOM. HbI, H
«MepTBOll
HbIll H ,D;PYjl
aHrJIHllCKOro 6 YJIb,D;Ora ,D;ellCTBHTeJIbHO
Ct.IHTalO:w;aR
«MepTBaR '). ,D;eJIO B TOM, t.ITO STHX c06aK HCIIOJIb30BaJIH
xaparcrepa I
3eMJIRKe,
aHrJIHllCKOM
6yJIb,D;Ore ,
Hero
HO
XBaTKe ,) CJIbIJlIaJI KaJK,D;bIll. XBaTKa y
HeMeU;KI1
ecrr,
MH, HO, B 0 '
HO H Ollpe,D;eJIHJIa He06bIKHoBeHHylO
"LIeCTHOe TP'Y
TOJIbKO ,D;aJIa Ha3BaHHe 1I0pO,D;e: «6yJIb ') - «,D;or », TO
cofiaxa »,
pe
,D;JIR TpaBJIH 6bIKOB. OHa He
,D;JIR JKeCTOKOll 3a6aBbI -
(,6bIt.IbR
o-rem,
BHeJlIHOCTb 1I0pO,D;bI. 3TO c06aKH oxem, CHJIbHbIe, JlIH-
Anz.nUUCKUU nacmiup
C06AKH
ac 8TO rcpyrr C06aKM ~JIM
rpyrrrrsr
ta 3HaMeHM
Bacrcep
55
AorH poaorpyzrsre
M rrpM3eMMCThIe,
netiom.nrae -
TaKMM
6hIJIO nerve rrpOCK01.£MTh Mem,n;y porasra rrpMrOTOBMB IIIerOCJI K
araxe
6hIKa. rOJIOBa MaCCMBHaJl B CKJIa,n;Kax.
HMmHJIJI 1.£eJIIOCTh BhI,n;aeTCJI
anepezr, -
TaK 6hIJIO
~ BOT 06 MX
yztotiace ynepacaaa'rs 6hIKa aa HOC M caMoMy ,n;bIIIIaTh rrpa 8TOM. Ho 6hI1.£hM TpaBJIM ,n;aBHhIM-,n;aBHO aanperne HbI, M npas y COBpeMeHHOrO 6YJIh,n;Ora 01.£eHh cnotcoii
) «MepTBoll
HhIll M ,n;pymeJII06HhIll. Ho 8TO XOTh M MMpOJII06MBaJl,
[CTBUTeJIbHO
C1.£MTalOI..IJ;aJlCJI OJIM:u;eTBOpeHMe MCTMHHO 6pMTaHCKOrO
rrOJIh30BaJIM
xaparcrepa
[P M
:a M M MaCTM
HO 01.£eHh peIIIMTeJIhHaJl, OTBamHaJl M
KOB.
OHa
He
ynopnaa
C06aKa,
M Ha:U;MOHaJIhHOll C06aKOll AHrJIMM.
HeMe:U;KMe
porneanepsr
TOme MMeJIM ,n;eJIO C 6hIKa
or», TO ecrr.
MM, HO, B OTJIM1.£Ue OT aHrJIUllCKOro 6yJIh,n;ora, y HMX
[K H OB e H H y lO
1.£eCTHOe Tpy,n;OBoe rrpOIIIJIOe.
JIhHhle, IIIU
'CUll macmutp
AnZJLUllCKue 6yJl-bOOZU
56
C05AK~
HeMeIJ;KMll ropozt POTBallJIb, JIemaW;Mll B npezrrops RX Ansn, 6bIJI 3HaMeHMT CBOMMM RpMapKaMM xpyrmo ro poraror-o CKOTa. II cronaer-rsre Ty,n;a ryp'rsr CKOTa rrOCTORHHO corrponoacziann nnornsre xopenacr sre xep HO-KOplI1.IHeBble cotiarcn, KOTOpbIX CTaJIli Ha3bIBaTb po-raefi.neparaa. IIx Tpy,n; 6bIJI HeJIerKHM - ,n;HeM aa neperone oan CJIe,n;MJIM aa nopazncore B crane, nonro HRJIM orcraaurax mMBOTHbIX, CJIY1.IaJIOCb M YCMMPRTb pa36yIIIeBaBIIIlIXCR 6bIKOB. A rro H01.IaM OXpaHRJIM crane OT ztnynor-ax M xerueponor-ax pa36ollHlIKOB. IIocJIe RpMapKM - npyraa aafiora. Tlponan CKOT, ryp-
Pomeeanepu
or ~
TOBW;MKM-( c,n;eJIKM. H( aJIbHbIll KC II rronryJIR
fieaorracnoc fio.m.nrae r
B03KM pOT: «MRCHMIJ;Kl POTBellJI
nporpeccox
C06AK~
B
npenrops
MII xpyrrao
57
Aor~
«rrpa3,n;HOBaJIII »
T OB I1J; II K II - CK OT OB O,n; b I
OKOH'laHIIe
C,n;eJIKI1. Ho BblpyqKY Kam,n;bIM CKJIa,n;bIBaJI B CrreIJ,II
YPTbI CKOTa
aJIbHbIM KOIIIeJIb na OllIeMHIIKe CBOerO pOTBeMJIepa.
aac'rsre xep
11 rrO,n;rYJIRBllIIIM
i
-
Ha3bIBaTb ,n;HeM Ha
6e30rraCHOCTI1. 60JIbllIIIe
X03RIIH 3HaJI -
MRCHI1KII POTBaMJIR
rpyasr
aa
aanpaxcenrrsrx
-azre, nonro-
B03KII pOTBeMJIepaX,
H yCMIIpRTb
«MRCHI1IJ,KI1MI1
[ OXpaHRJIII 36oMHIIKOB. B CKOT, ryp
nepi«
TyT ,n;eHbrii 6y,n;yT B
-
pa3B0311JIII He
B He60JIbIIIIIe no
IIX ztaxce CTaJIII Ha3bIBaTb
C06aKaMII» .
POTBeMJIep 6bIJI Ha,n;emHbIM OXpaHHI1KOM, HO rrepezr nporpeccora OKa3aJICR 6e33aI1J;I1TeH.
Espona
pa3BI1Ba
58
C06AK~
H eu euicuii tioxcep
naCb -- CKOPO OHa BCR 6blna orryrana cer sro JKene3HbIX nopor'. OKa aanocs, 'LITO CKOT ropaa no asrrozmee nepeB0311Tb no JKene3HOll zropore . II Tor,n;a por-aeii.nepsr no TepRnl1 patiory. K KOHIJ;y XIX nerca l1X ocrananacs nO'LITl1 e,n;l1Hl1IJ;bI. Ho BOT B O,n;l1H npex pacn sra (,n;nR HbIHeIlI Hl1X nro611Tenell pOTBell
.nepon) aexep 1901 rona B nopTOBOM TpaKTl1pe raM6ypra cny'LIl1naCb ,n;paKa MeJK,n;y no,n;BbIIIl1BIlIl1Ml1 MaTpOCaMl1. IIPOXO,n;l1BIlIl1ll Ml1MO nOnl1IJ;ellCKl1ll C co6aKoll BMeIlIaflCR, 11, xorna rrsanaa KOMnaHl1R, 06'be,n;l1Hl1BIlIl1Cb, fipocunact, na He ro, B zterro ncryrrana cooaxa. C 6yRHaMl1 por-seanep - a 'LIl1TaTenb yxce KOHe'LIHO JKe zrorananca, 'LITO C rrorm IJ;ellCKl1M 6bIfl l1MeHHO pornennep, -- pacrrpana.nca aa C'LIl1TaHble Ml1HYTbI. I1CTOpl1R ::ITa no.nv-rana urapoxyro or.nacxy. Por aeit.ncp BOCCTaHaBnl1BaeT CBOro rrorryrrap HOCTb, HO reneps yxce KaK cnyJKe6HaR cotiarca. A BCKO pe 11 nOnl1IJ;l1R npl1CBal1BaeT rropo,n;e cTaTyc ~nonl1 IJ;ellCKOll C06aKl1 ». C Tex rrop y pornerinepon scerzra 6bIfll1 11 paoora, 11 CBOl1 nro611Tenl1, -- nro6HTenl1 na ,n;eJKHbIX paoounx cooax. Poraenzrepsr -- MaCCl1BHble, mapoxcrensre, neroporcmasre C06aKl1 C MaCCHBHbIMl1 ro.nouaraa.Oxpac y Hl1X 'LIepHo-no,n;rraJIbIll, TO ecrs xep HbIH C pJKaBO-KpaCHbIMl1 OTMeTl1HaMl1 na ro.none, aa rpyna H na .nanax, CaM l1X BHeIlIH:H:H Bl1,n; rOBOpl1T 0 na ,n;eJKHOCTl1 11 OCHOBaTeJIbHOCTl1. A BOT HeMeIJ;Kl1ll tioxcep, XOTR ero npeznca TOJKe 6bIfll1 CKOTOrOHaMl1 11 TpaBl1nbHbIMl1 C06aKaMl1, OTnl1 'LIaeTCR cnOpTl1BHbIM CnOJKeHl1eM 11 cpe,n;Hl1M pOCTOM. Cell'LIaC ::ITO 'LIl1CTO rnofiarenscrcaa rropozra, HO xorzta-
or~
TO 6blna nj CKOll cofiarc
xoropyro M:
BaJI xrror-o ( HX npeznco: 'LIl1n aaziep HHJKHroro 1) psrzcae 11 'I
C06AKH
59
AorH
JpO OHa BC.fl
TO 6bIJIa npnanannoii CJIYJKe6HOrr 11 zraxce rrOJIHI.I:err
.aa a
CKorr cofiaxoii. Ho H3-3a caoen c s o e o tip a a n o n rOJIOBbI,
ce-rsro
~OPOI'. OKa-
~
BaJI MHOI'O crropos. A eJIo B TOM, 'f'ro OT ozmoro H3 CBO
nepeaoaars
HX
orr
zropor-e.
BerrJIepbI no
ITY. ~
KOTOp ylO MHOI'He C'fI1TaJIH YPO~JIHBOrr, fiorccep BbI3bI
CKOT I'Opa3
K
KOHI.I:Y
npezixon,
'fI1JI
aHI'JIHrrCKOI'O 6 y JIb,n;OI'a, 60Kcep norry
asnepa vryro
MOP~y
11
asrztarorrrytoca
pbIJKHe 11 TI1I'pOBble (pbIJKHe B TeMHylO rrOJIOCO'fKy)
OCTaBaJIHCb
Xapatcm epnue npu31WKU HeMeu,KOZO
1I.fl
rrperc
HbIHeIII
pornen p 1901 rozta JIerr
JIaCb ~paKa
lOXo,n;HBIIIHrr
a,
H,
xorzta
I1JIaCb na He
OTBerrJIep 'ITO C rrOJIH
IpaBHJIC.fl aa
:a IIIHPOKYID 10 rrorryJI.flP
uca, A BCKO TyC «rrOJIH ~POB BCeI'~a
)6 H T e JI H na
vraccHBHble, aCCHBHbIMH
TO
ecrr. -rep
I'OJIOBe, aa
IBOpHT 0 na
le,n;KI1 TOJKe
:aMH ,OTJIH
11M pOCTOM. , HO
KOI'~a-
arrepezr
HHJKHlOlO 'feJIIOCTb. Ho B I.I:eJIOM KOpOTKOIIIepCTHble
tknccepa -
630 epHymM Mopoa
U 6bloa lOUJ, aJU:R HllJ/(HRR «eiuocm»
60
(
C06AKH
\ fiorcccpr.r
OLJeHh rapMOHHLJHhl H KpaCHBhI. 3Ta
ypaaao
semeaaaa , cpezmero pOCTa cotiaxa. T'pyzmo npezrc'ra BHTh
cotiarcy,
60JIee y,n;06HyIO ,n;JI.H
pO,n:CKHX yCJIOBH.HX.
cczrepacaaaa
B
ro
A HOH
\
ner ripener BOT
cotiar« CJIOBa « dog
,n:H
aHrJIHHCKH: 3hlX - BOJIKOt KpyrrHhlH p porreHcKHe HHX 6hlJIH
30JIOThlMH ( KO.HX
uapci
HhlMH TeJIO COBpeMe
xpyrmsrx C B
XOJIKe.
]
H oxpacsr nsre, MpaM M H , rOJIy6h
IIpaKTHl OT JIHLJHhle LJeHH.H -
(
Casrsre H31 xro aac'rsrp. B
Ill aenua
.J;opore Me)
CT OJI e T H H C B
ofixozrax
rry T H H K OB . BaTh rporn
rrOH.HJIH, LJ' r y T 6hlTh J
aacr-srpe
e
IOHaXH rro
HblH ofixoz xa, TO O,n:H T b l p h aa n H a H ,n:e H H OI
C05AKH 3Ta ypaaao ~HO
61
AorH A BOT HeMe:O;KHe ,ll;OrH scerna OTJUI1.J:aJIHCb 8JIeraHT
rrpenc-ra.
HOM rrpe,ll;CTaBHTeJIbHOM BHelliHOCTblO. «ArrOJIJIOH cpe
lKaHHJI B ro
,ll;H C06aK » CJIOBa
8TO 0 HHX. Ha3BaHHe HX OT anrJIHMCKOrO
«dog» -
cotiarca.
Flpczncn
,n;orOB -
8TO rrOMeCH
anrJIHMCKHX MacTHCpoB H orpOMHbIX HpJIaH,ll;CKHX 60p 3bIX-BOJIKo,n;aBOB. Ern;e BO blU U Jltp a J,W p li b l U
doeu
rcpynnr.rii
nperserra Cpe,ll;HeBeKOBbJI aa
pOCT, CIIJIy II ornary IIX BbICOKO IIeHIIJIH en
poneiicrcne rpeoztam.t.
Casrsre rcpynrrsre H JIy1.J:IIIHe H3
HIIX 6bIJIII «KOMHaTHbIMII') c06aKaMII. "YKpaIIIeHHbIe 30JIOTbIMH oIIIeMHHKaMH, OHH mHJIH BO zrsopnax B rro KOJIX napcrnyronrax ocof II CJIymIIJIH HM aerrozncyn HbIMH TeJIOXpaHHTeJIJIMH. COBpeMeHHbIe ztorn no-rrpeacaeray O,ll;HH H3 casn,rx tcpyrrasrx c06aK B MHpe, POCT HX ,ll;OXO,ll;HT no 90 CM B
XOJIKe.
MYCKYJIHCTbIe,
CTpoMHbIe,
I I OKpaCbI y HHX 01.J:eHb KpaCHBbIe -
nsre,
aTJIeTH1.J:HbIe. r JIJIH:o;eBO
-rep
MpaMopHbIe, TO ecrt, 6eJIbIe C 1.J:epHbIMII rrJITHa
MH, rOJIy6bIe,
rraneasre
IIpaKTH1.J:ecKH ace
H TIIrpOBbIe.
xpyrrasre ,ll;or006pa3HbIe c06aKH
OTJIH1.J:HbIe oxpaHHHKH. Ho eCTb cpenn HHX H HCKJIIO 1.J:eHIIJI -
Caxrsre
cofiarcn , C03,ll;aHHbIe ,ll;JIJI noraonm JIIO,ll;JIM. 113BeCTHble 113 HllX
MOHaCTbIpJI B
na
Illucauapcrcax
nepenarre Am.nax,
nopore Mem,ll;y IITaJIIIeM II CTOJIeTllH
orposrasre
cenfiepnapsr. C06aKll 113 BOJIbIIIOM Cen-Bep aap rcorna-ro e,ll;IlHCTBeHHoH
Illnerinapaeii. B
Te1.J:eHlle
cofiaxn corrpoaoacnann MOHaXOB
B ofixonax ropa srx Tporr ,ll;JIJI noncrca aaraepaaromnx nyraaxon. CHa1.J:aJIa cotiarcn JIllIIIb noreorana rrp0611 BaTb TporrllHKll B rJIy60KoM cnery, HO 3aTeM MOHaXll rrOHJIJIll, 1.J:TO cofiarcn C nx He06bI1.J:aMHbIM 1.J:YTbeM MO rYT 6bITb JIY1.J:IIIllMll crraCaTeJIJIMH, 1.J:eM JIIO,ll;II.
nacrsrpe
B
MO
6bIJI C03,n;aH rrarorannrc, II Kam,ll;bIl1: ,ll;eHb
MOHaXll rrOCbIJIaJIll HeCKOJIbKO c06aK na caMOCTOJITeJIb HbIH ofixozt. ECJIll aaxozrana aasrepaaromero rryrnn rca, TO ozma 113 c06aK TyT me aoaspanranacs B MOHac TbIPb aa noraomsro, OCTaJIbHbIe naitztennoro.
Cenoepnapsr
rrsrranncr.
oror-pers
cnac.nn HeCKOJIbKO TbICJI1.J:
62
C06AK~
or~
~eJIOBe~eCKHx mH3Heil. CaMbIM 3HaMeHHTbIM H3 BCeX
H .n;JIHHHOillE
Bappn (1800 -1814), cnacumii 60JIee 40 qeJIO BeK. B 2000 rozry B Il.lnemtapn.a, CqHTaIOII.J;ell cenriep napa caoeit Ha:O;HoHaJIbHOll cofiarcoii, IIIHpOKO OTMe ~aJIOCb 200-JIeTHe co .n;H.H poacnerraa Bappn. Bappn H zrpyr-ae cenfiepnapr,r, pafiorannrne B ro
JIH OT expert
pax, 6bIJIH KOpOTKOIllepCTHbIMH coriaxasra. Ho ecr-s
3HMOH KaK '
6bIJI
Cenriep uap
HCTOpH.H qTO
ua
OCTp
Kaaazn,r,
OH
BHKHHraMH.
COEiAKH
ThIM H3 BCeX ee
40
l:J:eJIO
rn;eH cerrfiep
63
,lJ,OrH
H ,ll;JIHHHOIIIepCTHhle centiepnapsi. I10JIYl:J:eHhI OHH 6hI JIH OT CKpern;HBaHHeM C HhlOepayH,ll;JIeH,ll;aMH. MCTOPl:IH m.rorpayaztnennoa HHTepeCHa. Cl:J:l:ITaeTCH,
Hsrotpaynztneazt,
:rpOKO OTMe
l:J:TO na OCTpOB
JH.
Kaaazn,r,
mnrrre B ro IJ:H. Ho ecrr,
BHKHHraMH . I10TOMKH 3THX cotiarc HCrrOJIh30BaJIHCh
uiepnap
JIemarn;HH y fieper-on
OHH rrorramr euie ThICHl:J:Y JIeT Ha3a,LJ; BMeCTe C
3HMOH KaK
eazroasre
C06aKl:I, rro 3HaKOMhIM MapIIIpy
64
C06AK~
IIepBoHa1. MalllHIIH CK'
ovepezrs, try crpanrae. 3 naacna, l..ITO TaKIIX xapar rropoH C rrc nacr-yun.a ( B
ynpaanem
.n;al..IeH. Co BpeME II npeacne B rrsr , npezmo
Teneps
Ba.W
BOB, 6bICTpC
npyroe, aar:
TaM napr sr C rpyaore OHll B03llJIlI caMOCTOHTeJIbHO. JIeToM nestor-ana psrtiaxar« BbITHrllBaTb ceTII. OHII OT JIIIl..IHble rrJIOBIJ;bI. Ha .nanax y nux zraace nepenomcn Mem.n;y narn.navra - na BCIO .n;JIIIHY rtanstta. I1x ztaace rrOHal..IaJIY II Ha3bIBaJIlI Bo.n;OJIa3aMII. I13BecTHbI MHO meCTBO CJIyl..IaeB, xorna 8Tll cotiaxn npaxoztnrra na rro MOrn;b yronarounrre JIIO.n;HM. Onn npnoopemr ll3BeCT HOCTb II CTaJIlI IIorryJIHpHbI B Anr.aa a, a 3aTeM II B Espone. Co6aK -repaoro II KOplll..IHeBOrO OKpaCOB CTa JIll Ha3bIBaTb HblO¢aYH.n;JIeH.n;aMII, a l..IepHo-6eJIbIX JIeH.n;ClIpaMII, rro ¢aMIIJIlllI aHrJIllHCKOro xyztoacmnca, .mofinaurer-o pncosari, nx. Ozma aa KapTIIH naofipaxca er MOKpylO 1I3Myl..IeHHylO l..IepHo-6eJIylO cofiaxy, JIema uryro na 6epery, aa .nanax - pe6eHOK. Kap'rnua Ha3bI BaeTCH «,I:(OCTOHHbIH l..IJIeH l..IeJIOBel..IeCKOrO 06rn;eCTBa». ,I:(YMalO, C 8TlIM COrJIaCIITCH Kam.n;bIH.
C06AK~
OBlfAPK" IIepBoHaqaJIbHO nacryun,a C06aKM 3a~MI.lJ;aJIM zro MaIIIHMH: CKOT OT XM~HMKOB. A .n;JI.H arcro, B nepsyro oxepens, HymHbI
lGyHiJJl en i)
..
'TO.HTeJIbHO. Til. OHM OT rreperrOHKM
a. fix ztaxce
MHO ~MJIil na no !JIil M3BeCT 3aTeM M B <paCOB CTa :>-6eJIbIX ~CTHbI
yztoacnnxa, aaoopaxca
arcy, .nexca rnna Ha3bI )6~ecTBa» .
66
C06AK~
jIUIBOTHoe K
BLJAPKH
nacryxy . ,IJ;JIH STOrO CTaJIH He HymHhI
3JI06a H He3aBHCHMhlM
xaparcrep -
TyT
HHe COTpY~HH~aTh C ~eJIOBeKOM. TaKaH
naacnee yMe coriarca, C ozr
HOM CTOpOHhl, ~OJImHa CJIyIIIaThcH ~eJIOBeKa-rracTyxa, H, C ~pyroll CTOpOHhI, yMeTh
yrrpanna'rs crazror«, ~06H
BaHCh rrOBHHOBeHHH OT mHBoTHhlX,
crane Bce-TaKH TYT yme He
~a
H
cropoxorn,
HymHO.
nyxcna
MOr.u;h H CHJIa, BhIHOCJIHBOCTh
naxcaee.
,IJ;a H e~hl He60JIhIIIOM H 60JIee
MeHhIIIe
rpcriycrca -
rrOHBHJIHCh HaCTOHr.u;He
nacrvxa. Haute ncero
.ner-xoii cofiarce pacxozi. TaK
3Ha~HT MeHhIIIe
nacrvnn.a c06aKH - c06aKH oneu, noaror-ry 60JIh
OHH rraCJIH
IIIHHCTBO TaKHX c06aK Ha3hIBaIOT «OB~apKaMH»
-
.. .
CO
6aKaMH
npi
PO~hHX
nop
BeJIHK06] HeHHIO C K OJlJlU XOp OUlO
noddaem csi
apeccupo8Ke
Pc
PO~HHOM BOI
Casrsre
H:
HOIIIepCTHhl
KOJIJIH H 601
Ho rcorn a STO
~JIHHHO:
MHTeJIhHOll
acerna. TIp HHTHO
naa«
npezncn KOJ B ropax IDo
rHo LIaCTO R
JI60M H Y3Kl
fisr.na
ropaa
C OlleHh rye
C06AK~
[ He Hy.mHbl
saacaee yrae .ofia xa , C ozr
67
OB'iAPK~
r x ainco uiepc m u u ii U
60pooambiU
KO.n.nU
~Ka-rracTyxa,
ra.n;OM, .n;o611 [ CTOPO.ml1Tb
IHOCJIl1BOCTb rKOH cotiarce
oacxozi. TaK
-[ - C06aKl1 13TOMy 60JIb Ca Ml1 » - CO
KOJ[J[u XOP OWO
noddaemcn iipeccupoeice
6aKaMl1 npa onuax. 11 poznma 60JIbllIl1HCTBa OB~a PO~bl1X rropo.n; - Espona. BeJIl1K06pl1TaHl1H - crpaaa netio.asuraa, a rro cpan HeHl1IO C POCCl1eH COBceM MaJIeHbKaH, HO OHa CTaJIa PO.n;l1HOH BOCbMl1 rropoz OB~apOK. Carasre 113BeCTHble 113 Hl1X - KOJIJIl1: KOJIJIl1 .n;JIl1H nomepc'msre 11 KOJIJIl1 KOpOTKOllIepCTHble, fiopoztam.re KOJIJIl1 11 fiopziep- KOJIJIl1. Ho xorna rOBopHT «KOJIJIl1», aecs Ml1p nonasraer 3TO .n;JIl1HHOllIepCTHble KOJIJIl1, TaKl1e KaK JI3CCl1. 113Y Ml1TeJIbHOH xpacorsr C06aKl1. Ho TaKl1Ml1 OHl1 6blJIl1 He scerna. Ilpoacxoacneane KOJIJIl1 He113BeCTHO, HerroHHTHO zraxce, ~TO 03Ha~aeT carao CJIOBO «KOJIJIl1» • Ho npeznca KOJIJIl1 .n;aBHbIM .n;aBHO .ml1JIl1 11 naczrn osen B ropax IIIoTJIaH.n;l1l1. 3TO 6blJIl1 npexczte scero pafio-ra r'n. Hac ro Kpl1BOHOrl1e 11 KOpOTKOHOrl1e. C 1lI11POKl1M JI60M 11 Y3KOH MOp.n;OH. Il.lepcr-s xepno-fierroro oxpaca 6blJIa ropaano xopoxe, ~eM ceH~ac, rpytiaa, .meCTKaH C oxem, rYCTblM rroznnepc'ncox. B CypOBOM KJIl1MaTe
68
COEiAKH norcpoansrit
OBliAPKH
BOJIOC ztanan 3aW;HTY
nrepc'rs KOp
OT ,n;O.iK,n;.H, cnera H serpa, a rro,n;IIIepCTOK 3aW;HIIJ;aJI OT
PhI.iKHll: HJIl
IIIOTJIaH,lI;IIH rpy6bIll:
XOJIo,n;a. Ho CaMa.H r JIaBHa.H HX :o;eHHOCTh 6hIJIa B HX
pOTHHK,Ha
xaparcrepax -
ra TO.iKe 6eJ
HaCTO.HW;He nacrymsn cotiaxn, 3a6oT
JIHBhle rro OTHOIIIeHHIO K OB:o;aM, IIOCJIyIIIHhle H npe
A erne
ztanm.re
Ha cepe6pl'
X03.HHHy-rraCTYXY.
IIorryJI.HpHoCTh K rropone rrpHIIIJIa rrOCJIe roro, KaK
na-ma
MO.iK
H
rep:
(1837-1901) noana
KOJIJIH T
KOMHJIaCh C KOJIJIH B CBoeM IIIOTJIaH,n;CKOM nosrecrr,e
JIH TO, l.J:TO I
BaJIMOpaJI, rroJII06HJIa HX H CTaJIa ,n;ep.iKaTh KaK CBOHX
nacrvurecrc:
aHrJIHll:CKa.H KOpOJIeBa BHKTOpH.H
,n;OMaIIIHHX cotiax. KOJIJIH BOIIIJIH B MO,n;y, HMeTh HX CTaJIO rrpH3HaKOM Ma, H
apHCTOKpaTH3
caMH OHH CTaJIH Cl.J:HTaThC.H
apHCTOKpaTaMH B C06al.J:heM MHpe.
A
nec-apncrorcpar ,n;OJI.iKeH ace xce
BhlrJI.H,n;eTh nnaue, l.J:eM pafiorar'a rraCTYX.
II
KOJIJIH CTaJIH ofinaropa
.iKHBaTh rHX
rrpHJIHBaTh KpOBh ,n;py
rropo,n;
6 anzmora ,
r JIa,n;KoIIIepcTHoro
cer-repa,
poacnar sca w;eHKH,
-
H
60P30ll:.
CTaJIH
KOpOTKOIIIepCTHhle
KOTOphIX BhI,n;eJIHJIH B
OT
zterrsrrvro nopozry KOpOTKOIlIepCTHhIX KOJIJIH.
rrpeapa'rnrracs
KOJIJIH
B ,n;ell:CTBH
TeJIhHO 3JIeraHTHhlX cofiax, rOJIOBa yTOHl.J:eHHa.H, 6JIaropo,n;HhIX JIHHHll:, yIIIH
BhICOKO
rrOCTaBJIeHHhle,
rro
JIycTO.Hl.J:He C l.J:yTh 3arHYThIMH KOH l.J:HKaMH
-
H
OTKphIThIll:,
BHHMa
TeJIhHhIll: B3rJI.H,n; pa6ol.J:ell: OBl.J:apKH.
Y JIyl.J:IIIHJIC.H
rrOCTaB nor.
CTaJIa oxem, 60raTOll: -
IIIepcTh
na IIIee OHa
ofipaayer xpacnayro rpHBY H BOpOT HHK, na aorax -
«Ol.J:eChI » H «IIITa
HhI », a aa Mop,n;e, rOJIOBe H rranax
C06AK~
69
OB\fAPK~
lBaJI 3aIIJ;I1TY
mepcrs KopOTKaH,
3 anrnman OT
PbDKI1ll: 11:JII1 'IepHbIll:, a na rpyztn 11: wee -
rJIa,z:I;KaH.
fierrsre
Oxpac O'IeHb HapH)l;HbIll: 6eJIbIll: BO
b 6bIJIa B 11:X
pOTHI1K, na rranax -
fiax 11: , 3a6oT
Ta Tome 6eJIbIM:, rOJIOBy yxpanraer 6eJIaH rrpOTO'I11:Ha.
.nn.re
A
11 rrpe
erne MomeT 6bITb oicpac 6mO-MepJIb -
ua cepe6p11:CTO-roJIy6oM
ne
roro, KaK
1901) noaaa
«HOCKM », 11: KOH'II1K XBOC
MpaMOpHbIll::
qlOHe He60JIbWMe xepn sre
na-rna 11: rcpan. KOJIJI11: Terrepb O'IeHb KpaCI1BbI. Ho COXpaH11:JIOCb
)M IIOMeCTbe
JIM TO, 'ITO :u;eH11:JIOCb B H11:X 11:3.n;peBJIe -
'b KaK CB011:X
nacrynrecrcaii 11:HCT11:HKT? KOHe'IHO, MaJIO KOMy 11:3
MHTeJIJIeKT M
KOJlJlU 6bl8alOm pasnuoai no otcpacu
70
C06AK~
OBLfAPK~
COBpeMeHHbIX KOJIJIH ynanocs XOT.H 6bI paa B iKH3HH
rneCKHil HH<
YBH.n;eTb OBIJ;Y. Ho nee iKe ec-n, H TaKHe, xoropsre pa6o
KOJIJIH, yMH
TalOT KaK nacrvnrsn cooarcn.
B AMepHKe OHH ztaxce aa
nnrmaro'r OBeIJ; OT xonoron. COBeprneHHO yHHKaJIbHylO CrreIJ;HaJIbHOCTb OHH rro JIyqHJIH B COBeTCKoil POCCHH OHH nacrrn rraHTOBbIX o.neaeri. HH TaK H
CHpOBrn;HKO CJIyiKHJIH
H
B
Y ccvpa iicrcoxr
xpae
XOT.H rr.HTHHCTbIe OJIe
OCTaBaJIHCb .n;HKHMH iKHBOTHbIMH, nac-ry
Y
m
3THX Cl
BllHOil TbICS: Koil
Orexec:
crrac OT B3pI
Jleannrpazn 60M6y C qa 6bIJI rroxopo KOJIJIH
pe
.n;HJIH rrOJIe3
C06AKH
-aa
71
OB~APKH
B JKlI3HlI
IIIeCKIIM: IIHCTIIHKT, IIHTeJIJIeKT II M.HI'KOCTh xapaxrepa
TOphIe pa6o
KOJIJIII, YM H OJK e H H h Ie ua MaCTepCTBO II re p nenae zrpec
IH II zraxce aa
ClipOBIlJ,IIKOB, cnenann CBOe ,n;eJIO -
KOJIJIIi MHOI'O JIeT
CJIYJKIIJIIi na OJI e H e BO,IJ;'I e CK Ii X rp e p ja a x. )CT b OH Ii no :M:CK OM rcpae
Y
8TlIX co fiarc rrO JI Y'I aJI OCh MHOI'Oe . ,1J;eC.HT h C rrOJIO
BIiHOM: ThIC.H'I MIiH aarne,n K OJIJIIi ,1J;IIK aa I'O ,n;hI B e JI II
HIICTbIe OJIe
KOM: O T e 'l e CT BeH H OM: BOM:HhI. ,1J;IIK 6hIJI cpezra TeX, KTO
nac'ry-
crrac OT B3phIBa 3HaMeHIIThIM: IIaBJI OBCKIIM: ,n; BOpeIJ, nozt
,I M M,
JIeHIIHI'pa,n;OM -
B rr onnane ,n;BOpIJ,a OH 0 6 H a p YJK lIJI
60M6y C '1aCOBbIM MeXaHII3M OM . IIocJIe BOM:HbI ,1J;IIK 6hIJI rrOXOpOHeH C BOIlHCKIiMIi rrO'leCT.HMII . KOJI JIIi pa60TaJIH II KaK I'eOJIOI'Ii -
rro aanaxy HaXO
,n;IIJIH rrO JIe3HbIe IICKOnaeMbIe .
KOJIJIU -
npe60CXOaHblU
nacmyx
72
C06AK~
Ceti-rac onn BeCeJIbIe II pe3YJIbTaTllBHbIe CrrOpTCMe HbI - ycnexn B parte COBpeMeHHbIX Bll,D;OB cotia-rsero cnopra rrO,D;TBepm,D;aIOT STO. A BOT CJIaBa O,D;HOH aa JIY~llIllX nacryun.ax C06aK Mllpa renepr, npananneacar 3eMJIRKy KOJIJIll - rro-rra Te3Ke II nepoarnoery npezncy - 60p,D;ep-KOJIJIII. «Bop ztep : rro-aarJIIIHCKll «r-paaana», nonyxaerca «rrorpa Hll~HbIH» KOJIJIll. PO,D;llHa STOH cotiarcn aa rpaaane AHrJillII II IIIoT.nanzraa, OTCIO,D;a II naasaaae. A «KOJI Jill »? qTO m, CJIOBOM «KOJIJIll » pansme Ha3bIBaJIll no-r Tll scex rrac'ryrrrsnx c06aK . KOpOJIeBCKlle OC06ll 060llI Jill CBOllM BHllMaHlleM 60p,D;ep-KOJIJIll. OH 6bIJI, ecrs II 6Y,D;eT c06aKoH epepMepoB II nacryxoa . H cnoeii HbI neumeit rpoMKoH CJIaBOH OH 06R3aH He 3HaMeHllTbIM BJIa,D;eJIbIJ;aM, He SJIeraHTHOCTll nnemaer-o nazra a careosry ce6e, caoeray llHTeJIJIeKTy, caoeii crpacrn
OBYAPK~
K
paoore
>
POB, KOTO oxeas paar Mll na ceoa
porxomepi
CTOR~lle ll. JIO 50 CM. JIIOI.I.J;lleCR, I.I.J;ee y nee II cosepnre lOT, ~TO 60 II KOllIeK, ) rOJIllK», II A OCTaJI ~eCKll OCT
C06AKH ! CnOpTCMe
cofia-rser-o
I
73
OBliAPKH K pafiore -
I1, KOHeqHO
me,
erne TeM ThICR:qaM epepMe
xoropsre C03,ZJ;aJII1 3TY nopozry. Bop,ZJ;ep-KOJIJII1 paaasre, nexoropsre II3 HI1X noxoacn TOJIbKO ca
POB,
ovens IhHX c06aK
MI1 na cefia. OHI1 MoryT 6hITb ,ZJ;JII1HHOllIepCTHhIMI1 I1 KO
H -
pOTKOllIepCTHhIMI1,
nOqTH
nO'tlTI1 nrofioro OKpaca,
ynnr
JIJIH. «Bop
CTOR:'tlI1e I1JII1 nOJIycTOR:'tlI1e, POCT -
'CR: « rrorpa
JIO
ra rpannue
JIlOrn;I1eCR:, rrOqTI1 6e3 OTpbIBa .narr OT 3eMJIH. Ho 06
[e.
A
«KOJI
50
tnee y
CM. ,IJ;BI1meHI1R: -
He60JIhIlIOH, OKO
6hICTphle, HO
scex 3TH X c06aK -
nrranasre, CTe
O,ZJ;HO: yM, TeMnepaMeHT
YTBepm,ZJ;a
~IBaJIH nov
H COBepllIeHHhIH nacryurecroni HHCTIIHKT.
c:06H 060IlI
lOT, qTO 60p,ZJ;ep-KOJIJII1 nacer nee, qTO ,ZJ;BHmeTCR:: onen
6hIJI, ecrs
II KOIlIeK, ,ZJ;eTeH H aBTOM06IIJII1. 3TO C06a'tlHH «Tpy,ZJ;O
CBoeH HhI
rOJIHK », I1 OH He MomeT mHTh 6e3 pa60ThI.
aMeHHThIM o
BH,ZJ;a
A
OCTaJIhHhle aHrJIHHCKHe OBqapKH? OHH nparcrn
'tleCKI1 OCTaJIHCh 6e3 ,ZJ;eJIa, npeBpaTHJII1Cb B
~H CTpaCTH
Bopoep-icon nu
c06aK
74
C06AKH KOMrraHbOHOB H oxem, JIl06HMbI BO BCeM MHpe 60pO,n;aTbIll KOJIJIH,
3TO
CTapOaHrJIHllCKaR oaxapxa 606
TallJIb, lIleTJIaH,n;CKaR onnaprca lIleJITH. IIIeJITH anent He -
xporne-maa rcorraa KOJIJIH, HO onxapxa JIH OHa?
nopozrsr
OB~APKH
10
KHJIorp~
3HaLIHT
«M .
YlIlH CTORT, BbIHOCJIHBI:
no CHX nop cnopar, rrac.na JIH
BHHMaTeJIb
OHa XOTb KorO-TO aa pO,n;HbIX ell IIIeTJIaH,n;cKHx OCTpO
neperonae: nopozta aHI
I1pHBepmeHII;bI
sax. Ho BOT
caxrsre
MaJIeHbKHe OBqapKH B MHpe HaCTORIII;He
AHaKoH
nacrvnn,n c06aKH, H CrreII;HaJIbHOCTb Y HHX B nponr
6aKH 60JIeE
rvp'rsr
TaKHe, LITO
ztaxce xpyrmoro pora'ror-o CKOTa. 06a BeJIblIl-KOprH
KOB H nerrj
BeJIblIl-KOprH -
Kap,n;HraH H rreM6pOK -
JIOM 6bIJIa caxsaa cepseaaaa -
COBceM MaJIeHbKOro pOCTa -
OHH neperOHRJIH
25-30
CM, BeCOM OKOJIO
c06aKH C B H ,n;JIHHHbIE
Boomeiin
Illenmu.
BeJLblll-KOpZU
j
C05AKJ1 J1pe -
3TO
10
KllJIOI'paMMOB. CJIOBO «rcopr-n : rrO-KeJIbTC KI1 TaK II
raprca 606 JITll snenr
ynrn
xa
BhIHOCJIllBhle
JIll
ona?
75
OBliAPKH
cofiaxa». Hoxocn xopo-rem.xne, aece.nsra . 8Tll ovens rrozraaacnsre,
3HR4:llT (,MaJI eHbKaR CTORT. B3I'JIR,n;
cofiaxxrr finar-oztaprr csoeii
JIOBKOCTll II
Ihlll- rcoprn
amcorna He nonanann nozt xonsrra rreperonaesror-o CKOTa. Ceiivac 3TO casraa JIl06I1MaR nopozra aHI'JIllllCKOll KOpOJIeBCKOll cesrsu. AHa KOHTI1HeHTe, B Banaznrofi Enpone, nacryursn CO 6aKll 60JIee rcpynasre II MO~Hble, qeM aHI'JIllllCKlle. Tarcae, qTo6bI MOI'JIll aaurarn'n, ,n;OM II CKOT OT xnuran KOB II nenponrensrx I'OCTe rr. 8TO 6bIJIll ocrposropzrsre
COM OKOJIO
cofiaicn C BbICOKOrrOCa.iKeHHhIMll yuraxra, xaazrparmae
" rraCJIa JIll Kll X OCTpO B Mllpe IaCTOR~lle
x
B
R JIll
rrpour ryprr.r
'IIeJlmu
BHllM aTeJIbHOCTll
II ,n;JIllHHble, Oq eHh
paaasre
rro
oxpacax
II urepcrn
B eJlbUl -KOpZU n e.M6pOK
B eJlbUl-KOpZU «apiiuean.
OBlfAPK~
Bpuap
Y
HO «aanonc LIapKa, MJI} (no 68 CM), '
npareonrepcr-asre,
,ll;JIMHHOllIepCTHble, M C rnepcrsro .lKeCTKOH M rpy6oH, rroxoxceii na rrpOBOJIOKy. B Ka.IK,ll;Oll crpaae, B Ka.IK,ll;Oll MeCTHOCTM epOPMMPO BaJIMCb CBOM nopozn,i, M nexoropsre ,ll;OllIJIM zro HaC. H3 eppaHIJ;Y3CKMX OBLIapOK MbI 3HaeM fiooepona - KO pOTKOllIepcTHyIO os-raprcy M3 rrpOBMHIJ;MM Boc, M fipaa pa, ,ll;JIMHHOllIepCTHoro nacryxa M3 rrpOBMHIJ;MM BpM. Y 06eMx nopozt ecrt, ozma MHTepeCHaR xepra - C,ll;BO eansre rrpnfisr.nsre nam.usr na 3a,ll;HMX .nanax. «IIpn 6bIJIble » narn.nsr - 8TOJIMllIHMe IIaJIbIJ;bI. IIpM ,ll;BM.lKe HMM B rJIy6oKoM cner-y, rro CHe.IKHOMY aacry cofiarcn paHRT MX, M Y 60JIbllIMHCTBa nopozt OHM He.IKeJIaTeJIb HbI. 06bILIHO npntistm.re rransrn,r, eCJIM OHM ecrr., yna JIRIOT cpaay npn pO.IK,ll;eHMM II.J;eHKOB. Ho fipnapara M fioceponara CHe.IKHbIll HaCT He crpamen na MX PO,ll;M He cner-a rrOLITM HeT. H ,ll;JIR HMX rrpatisr.nsre nansnsr 06R3aTeJIbHbIll rropoznnaa npnaaax. Boceponsr M cell LIac pa60TaIOT nacryxasrn. KpOMe roro, 8TO OTJIMLIHaR IIOJIMIJ;ellCKaR M CIIopTMBHaR cofiatca. Bocepoa HarrOMM traer OLIeHb rcpymroro, rpy6oro, XBOCTaToro ,ll;06epMa aa, aenapom ero CLIMTaIOT O,ll;HMM M3 rrpezncon 8TMX 3HaMeHMTbIX CbIII.J;MKOB. M
M
77
OB'iAPK~
y q>paH~llll eCTb erne ozraa 3HaMeHllTaH cofiarca, HO « nanononara : C BeJIbrlleH - 3TO
Bocepon.
C
mepcn.ro
ax. «Flpn
pa ,n;Bllme
'ry cofiarcn
>KeJIaTeJIb
ecrr., yzta 6pllapaM
a nx poznr
IaJIb~bI HbI II cen OTJIll"'lHaH
fI
aanosra
,n;o6epMa (KOB 3TllX
OB~APK"
qTO 06n
JIOKOJIbHbH
ropozt MeXI
pa
He06bm
JiI3 MaJIJiIH l
MJiI » CaMbIE
3HaMeHJiITa JIJiIHya, '-laC B
ripe
rpano]
KOCTbIO rrp
ycneurao T.HIIJ;e
rr
BbIC '
IIOKJIOHHHl
Ma nu .
OKpaCOB
-
C COJIbIO ». BYBbe CKHX
psrxcero ,
xepnoro,
YIIlJiI BHC.H'-lJiIe,
ncerna 6bIJI diepmepoa JiI
BepHbIM
TJiIrpOBOrO ,
«rrepen
paasnre KyrrJiIpOBaJIJiICb. rrOMOIIJ;HHKOM qirranzrp
6IOprepOB.
fP03HbIH CTOpOm XO
3.HMCKOrO zrotipa JiI CKOTa. OHJiI JiICrrOJIb30BaJIJiICb KaK CKOTOrOHHble C06aKJiI, aanparanacs B TeJIemKJiI ,n;JI.H rrepeaoaxn
He60JIbIIlJiIX
C MOJIOKOM.
B
rpyaoa,
aanpnvrep 6JiI,n;OHOB
CrreU;JiIaJIbHbIX KOJIeCaX BepTeJIJiI xcepno
aa na MaJIeHbKHX MeJIbHJiIu;aX JiI rrpJiIBO,n;JiIJIJiI B ,n;eHCTBJiIe MacJI060HKJiI. CeH'-laC TeXHJiIKa BbIIIOJIH.HeT STY pafio Ty, HO ,n;JI.H OXpaHbI
npeacaevry. B BeJIbrJiIJiI
B rrOJIJiIU;JiIJiI
6YBbe BOCTpe60BaH rro
rrOMJiIMO STOH ec'rs JiI CBOJiI C06CTBeHHble
6eJIbrJiIHCKJiIe OB'-lapKJiI.
Hx xer srpe nopozrsr:
TIOpBepeH, rpronenztans H naxeaya.
MaJIHHya,
79
OBliAPKH q TO
06II~erO Me.IK.n;y 6eJIbrIiHCKOrr OB'lapKOH Ii KO
JIOKOJIbHbIM 3BOHOM? 06'be.n;IiHHeT l1X 6eJIbrIiHCKIiH ropo.n; MeXeJIeH, nO-
MaJIIiH.
Bnarozta
pa He06bIKHOBeHHOH KpaCOTe 3BY'laHIiH KOJIOKOJIOB Ii3 MaJIl1Ha B POCCIiIi CTaJIIi Ha3bIBaTb «MaJIIiHOBbI MIi »
carasre xpacnasre
KOJIOKOJIbHbIe 3BOHbI.
A
caraaa
3HaMeHl1TaH Ii3 6eJIbrIiHCKIix OB'lapOK, pbI.lKIirr Ma JIIiHya, rrponcxozrar TO.IKe Ii3 MaJIIiHa. MaJIIiHya ceri 'lac B rpasope, -
6bICTpbIH, JIerKIiH, rrpbIryqIirr (c rrer
KOCTbIO npeononesae-r TpeXMeTpOBbIe 3a60pbI), -
OH
ycneunro npnraenaerca BO rppannycxon aprana, 6JIec r anre
asrc'ryrraer
aa CnOp'l'IiBHbIX copeBHOBaHIiHX.
IIoKJIOHHIiKIi MaJIIiHya BO scere Ml1pe see 'la~e Ii xame
Ma JLUHya
J,
«rrepen
POBaJIIiCb.
[ q>JIaH.n;p ~OP0.IK
XO
lJIIiCb KaK ~.lKKIi
.n;JUI
) 6Ii.n;OHOB
IIIi
xcepao
l.n;eHC'l'BIie
arv patio ~ pamrre.m,
DOBaH no -
ICTBeHHbIe MaJIIiHya,
/
\
80
C06AK~
Ha"tumaIOT CpaBHHBaTb ero C 3TaJIOHOM CJIyJKe6HOH c06aKH -
C HeMeI.:I;KOH onsapxon.
ECJIH BO paHI.:I;HH H BeJIbrHH rro HeCKOJIbKY OB "tlapO"tlbHX rropozi -
H ,n;JIHHHOIIIepCTHbIX, H JKeCTKO
IIIeCTHbIX, H KOTOpOTKOIIIepCTHbIX, -
TO HeMI.:I;bI H3
HeMeHbIIIero pa3Ho06pa3HR KpeCTbRHCKHX rraCTYIIIb HX c06aK C03,n;aJIH ncer'o oznry nopozry -
HO 3aTO rca
KYIO! EIIJ;e B KOHI.:I;e
XIX
serca HeMeI.:I;KaR cnxaprca C"tlHTa
JIaCb rrJIe6eHCKoH c06aKoH . BOJIbIIIe roro , MHorHe JII06HTeJIH HMrropTHbIX anrJIHHCKHX nopozt C"tlHTaJIH, "tlTO paaaozrm-s
«c06aK
BOJI"tlberO THrra npermo » . Ho
HaIIIeJICR "tleJIOBeK, rroJII06HBIIIHH 3THX c06aK H C03 ,n;aBIIIHH na HX OCHOBe JIy"tlIIIyIO CJIyJKe6HyIO cofiarcy MHpa. 3BaJIH ero
Marco epOH
IIITecpaHHI.:I; . CBOIO JKH3Hb
OH rrOCBRTHJI C03,n;aHHIO H COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHHIO He MeI.:I;KHX OB"tlapOK . Pa3 H HeMeI.:I;KaR oaxaprca 6aKa.
IT
HaBcer,n;a OH
yCTaHOBHJI:
pafiouaa
3TO npexcne ncero
HHTeJIJIeKT,
CJIOJKeHHR oaxapxa pario-rocnocotiaocr-s.
H
KpaCOTa,
H
co
rrpaBHJIbHOCTb
ace ,n;OJIJKHO ooecrre-maa-n, ee KpOMe
nacrvnn.en
CJIyJK6bI
IIITeepaHHI.:I; CTpeMHJICR HaHTH ,n;JIR HeMeI.:I;KHx oaxapox H zrpvr-yro paeory, TaKyIO, KOTopaR
pacxpsr.na
6bI see
B03MOJKHOCTH 3THX c06aK H cne.nana HX rrOJIe3HbIMH ,n;JIR scex . HeMeI.:I;KHX oanapox B3RJIH aa scopyace HHe rrOJIHI.:I;HR H apMHR, HCKaBIIIaR aJIbTepHaTHBy zro porHM aHrJIHHCKHM nopozraxr . OHH
IT oavaprcn He nozrsena.
OKa3aJIHCb rrepBOKJIaCCHbIMH
rrOJIHI.:I;eHCKHMH
H BoeHHbIMH c06aKaMH. Bo BpeMR nepnoii MHpOBOH BOHHbI OHH rrpOKJIa,n;bIBaJIH TeJIeepOHHbIe Ka6eJIH, non ,n;epJKHBaJIH CBR3b,
HCKaJIH
panensrx ,
HCrrOJIb30Ba
JIHCb B rraTpyJIHpOBaHHH H B xapay.nax. IIocJIe nepnoii MHpOBOH BOHHbI Ha"tlaJICR HaCTOR IIJ;HH OB"tlapO"tlHH 6yM . APMHH H rrOJIHI.:I;HH
no-rm
scex
CTpaH B3RJIH na CJIyJK6y HeMeI.:I;KHX onxapcrc. OHH 06JIa,n;aIOT XOpOIIIHM "tlyTbeM H MYJKeC'I'BeHHbIM xaparcrepoxr, OHH BbIHOCJIHBbI H HerrpHXOTJIHBbI, OHH
'",
C06AK~
JIyme6HoH
OJIbKY OB H meCTKO HeMII,bI H3 . rracTylIIb :0 3aTO rc a
)Ka CqHTa 0, ~
MHOrHe
CqHTaJIH,
ezuro». Ho 6aK H C03
yID cotiarcy 10 ID m H 3 H b 3aHHID He CTaHOBJiJI: a 6 0 q a JI co 3HJIbHOCTb !q H B a T b e e CJI ym6bI
[
[X OBqapOK ,IJIa 6bI BCe OJIe3HbIMH
soopyace -IaTHB Y.n;O
e rrO.n;BeJIH. u,eHCKHMH
i
MHpOBOH
6eJIH, non :rr OJI b 3 0 B a
:JI HaCTOJI
IOqTH B CeX Co
'CT B e H H b I M lI H B b I , OHH
H eMe 4 /Ca.R.0811a p 1W
82
C06AK~
pano
HaqHHaIOT H JII06HT
pafiorarr.,
OHH YMHbI H
OB~APK~
Oxem, I<
crpe
A qTO erne nazro OT cofiarcn? HeMeU;KaH oaxaprca 3 a M e q a T e JI b H O KpaCHBa. Moxc HO rrOHHTb Tex, xoro OHa BOCXHrn;aeT rapMOHHeH: CJIO
MHTCH COTpy,n;HHqaTb C qeJIOBeKOM.
rrpHBJIeKaE
CJIy.iKe6HOH:
cotiaxa-xo :
.iKeHHH H
Heo6bIqaH:HOH: KpaCOTOH: ,n;BH.iKeHHH:.
H CTpOH:HaH H
peunaa
ztoc'raromro
pyraa cmraa,
CHJIbHble
,n;OJI.iKeH 6bITb HpKHM KOH:
aa
n.nanasre
Mop,n;e H
xoprryca.
ecrs ztaxce xypce «OBlJ
KOHeqHOCTH.
Yrr
Oxpac
qepHO-pbI.iKHM C qepHOH: Mac
qepHOH: CrrHHOH:,
qepHbIM.
fepMaH
MeU;KHX OE
JIHHHH
ynpyr-ae
B
cofiaxa. 3aOCT Crpor-ne CTOHqHe
MOrn;HaH
Mop,n;a C qepHOH: MaCKOH:.
yIIIH. fapMOHHqHble,
3TO
Ho OCTa OTBeT MO JI
aonapno-cepsrra,
TaIOrn;HX
HeMeU;KHX TOMHHKH
I
KJIaCce.
see-n on-rap
Ho KHX
H eueu icasi oeuaptca sa patiomoii
n
C06AKH HbI H crpe
rue nazto
01'
83
OB\iAPKH Osrem,
cotiaxa. If MHOrHX JIl06HTeJIerr OHa TOJIbKO KaK pafioxaa cofiarca, HO H KaK
KpaCHBaH
npHBJIeKaeT He
c06aKa-KOMnaHboH. MBa .
Mom
)HHerr CJIO eHHrr.
81'0
onxaprcon HeMeIJ,KaH onnapxa? orrpenerremrsrri: OCTaJIaCb. B I'epraanna exceronao npOBo,n;HTCH qeMnHOHaT He Ho OCTaJIaCb JIH
OTBeT MomHO ,n;aTb BnOJIHe
rca. Baocr
MeIJ,KHX OBqapOK no
[e CTOHqHe
~pHorr Mac
nacrynn.ek cJIym6e HeMeIJ,KHX OBqapOK ecrr- naace ornensnsre pHHrH na caMOM rJIaBHOM KOH rcypce «on-rapovseri rcpaco'rsn - aa rJIaBHOrr BbICTaBKe HeMeIJ,KHX OBqapOK I'epraauan. Maorne Be,n;yIIJ,He rrn
no-cepsrsr,
TOMHHKI1 I'epraaaaa BbICTaBJIHIOT CBOHX c06aK B 3TOM
myca. Yn
~TM .
Orcpac
nacr-sfie.
,Il;JIH
rrparcr-a-recrcn patio
TaIOIIJ,Hx no
KJIaCce. Ho Bce-TaKH OCHOBHaH paoora COBpeMeHHbIx HeMeIJ, KHX OBqapOK He nacrsoa, OHH -
P03bICKHbIe c06aKH
84
C06AK~
OBliAPK~
o nponc
H nor-paaanmae, canepsr If TaMOJKeHHHKH, rrOH CKOBH KH-crraCaTeJIH,
noaozrsrpa cnerrsrx
BpeMR OT BpeMeHH
npoxomrr
crropa'r. 0
H oxpaHHHKH. CJIyx , "lITO KaKaR-TO
OBqapOK, ]
nopozta patioraer JIy"lIIIIe, "lITO HeMeIJ;KylO oa-rapxy BOT caepr-ayr C rrsenecrana CJIyme6Holl cofiarcn « HO
SarrpOIIIJIO
BOT
n sre cotiax
Mep O.n;HH ». TaK 6hIBaJIO yme He pas. O.n;HaKO 3TH BHe
IIIO HSBeCT
aamro BOIIIe.n;IIIHe B MO.n;y nopoztsr rrpaxozrar H YX O.n;R T . A HeMeIJ;KaR onnapxa OCTaeTCR. Ho ecrr, y Hee H MJIa.n;IIIHe po.n;CTBeHHHKH. Bcerzta
CTaBpOrrOJ
CYI.I.J;eCTBOBaJIH HeMeIJ;KHe OB"lIapKH C "lIyTh 60JIee .n;JIHH HOll IIIepCThlO, .n;JIHHHOIIIepCTHhle. ThlJIhHOll CTopOHe KOHe"lIHOCTell -
B CTerrRX OBqapOK » , TeM B
orap
na
OBIJ;aMH,
r
« ouecsre , rro KOp
A or apy
H;
3a yIIIaMH H
rrycy IIIepCTh TOJKe "lIyTh .n;JIHHHee. TaKHe I.I.J;eHKH pOJK
3 -4oBqap
.n;aIOTCR H y CT a H .n;a p T H h I X HeMeIJ;KHX OB"lIapOK. Cell"lIaC
IOJKHOp
rropozry. B Eapone OHH oxeas JII06HMhl KaK cotiarca-rcoranansoma sa yM H xpa
Becxpaiim
HX Bhl.n;eJIHJIH B OT.n;eJIhHYIO
XHI.I.J;HHKOE
COTY· HeMeIJ;KaR «BhlIIIe
yC JI 0 BHRX,
onxapxa -
cpezmero
cofiarca,
pOCTa », ee POCT
"lITO HaShIBaeTCR,
58-65
CM.
Ilpaaaa,
scerna Haxo.n;HJIHCh JII06HTeJIH, KOTOphlM KaSaJIOCh, qTO « xopoureii cotiaxa .n;OJIJKHO 6hlTh MHOI'O». OHH rrsr TaJIHCh paasozra'n, o-rens xpynnsrx OBqapOK nycrs XOTh sa 75 CM. TaKHe rcpynasre OBqapKH Tep.HJIH rrozt
BaThCR KaJ. .n;JI.H
aamn
KpyrrHhle, '
y HHX .n;JIHl B BOllJIOK. ~
sa
crerrm,n yzrapon Hal
B CIO ee IfCTOpHIO He pas «BOSBpaI.I.J;aJIH » B paMKH CTaH
zta e , COBep
BHJKHOCTh H BhIHOCJIHBOCTh, H HeMeIJ;KylO
onxaprcy
OT
zrapra. Ho B COBeTcKoM Coroae 6hlJI paapatioran HOBhlll craaztapr (pOCT zto 70 CM), H TaKHX 60JIhIIIHX OB"lIapOK CTaJIH HaShIBaTh BOCTO"lIHOeBpOrrellCKHMH. Ceiiuac B crpaaax 6hIBlIIeI'O COBeTCKOI'O Coroaa paaaozia-r B OC
qHCJIO BOJI]
HOBHOM HaCTORI.I.J;HX HeMeIJ;KHX OB"lIapOK, HO CBOH JIIO
pOK. CaMh:
6HTeJIH COXpaHHJIHCh H y BOCTOqHOeBpOrrell CKHX. Oc
CDaJIhIJ;-CDe
oxpac y 3TOll nopozrsr - q errpa"lIHhlll (x epaaa C cepetipncro-cepsna nonrranom. ,I.I;JIR HeMeIJ;
HhlX «pycc
HOBHOll cnaua)
KHX OB"lIapOK 3TOT orcpac He paapeuren.
oaxaprca.
nacryun,a nopona -
OT
n
Hoc-rem
oxpaasr
CB
Ho HCTO
KpOMe BOCTO"lIHOeBpOrrellCKOll OBqapKH e c 'rs y H a c H CBOR CTapHHHaR
r.naaa
HJIH CB e T JI(
roacaop yccxaa
CKaR BOllHl ozra:
MaCC(
peKBHSHIJ;I
C05AK~
85
OB~APK~
o rrpOHCXOJK,n;eHIHI IOJKHOpyCCKOH: OBL£apKH MHoro
rrOHCKOBH HKH.
cnopar. OTHOCHTCH JIH OHa K rpynne (, HaCTOHI.JJ;HX'>
l KaKaH-TO
OBL£apOK, HJIH B L£HCJIe ee
mpKY BOT
asre
3arrpOIlIJIOM
:0 3TH BHe-
IlIO H3BeCTHbI rro CTaBpOrrOJIbH.
TeM B
aMH H
OBo;aMH,
», rro KOp
eHKH pOJK
>K. CeHl.IaC
aporre
OHH
nHTOMHHKH ,n;JIH
rzte c06aK pa3Bo,n;HJIH orapsr. Hexoropsre 60raL£H,
OBL£apOK»,
JJIee ,n;JIHH Ha
Macr-ae tcpvrmsre onneaozrsr
crrerraarn.asre
B CTerrHX
m. Bcerna
ztoroofipaa
6bIJIH
aerce 3TH c06aKH, «OBL£apbI», 6bIJIH XOpO scesry tor-y POCCHH - OT KpbIMa zto
6aKH «HO
M YXO,n;HT.
npemcon
c06aKH? 8TO He TaK yJK BaJKHO. Ho B eI.JJ;e B rro
rOBOpHJIH,
CKOJIbKO y
orapy H3 TbICHL£H-rrOJIyTopa 3-4 OBl.IapKH.
A
,n;epJKaJIH « pyCCKHX
H OTnpaBJIHJIH
XBaCTaHCb CBOHMH HHX TbICHL£ c06aK.
TbICHL£
oaeu
OXpaHHJIH
IOJKHOpyccKHe OBL£apKH pa60TaJIH COBceM B yCJIOBHHX,
L£eM
HX 3ana,n;HoeBporreHcKHe
crenn,
aa
orapsr
npyrnx
c06paTbH.
l yM H tepa
BeCKpaH:HHe
3bIBaeTCH,
BaTbCH KaJK,n;bIH ,n;eHb. 8TO H Cq)OPMHpOBaJIO rropo,n;y
Flpaazta,
,n;JIH 3aI.JJ;HTbI OT BOJIKOB H rpa6HTeJIeH: Tpe60BaJIHCb
XHI.JJ;HHKOB, -
l.
Ka3aJIOCb,
H
MHOJKeCTBO
BOT C L£eM npaxozranocr, HM CTaJIKH
OL£eHb CHJIbHble H 3JI06Hble c06aKH. IIlepcTb
rrsr
y HHX ,n;JIHHHaH, rpyfiaa, KOCMaTaH H JIerKO c6HBaeTCH
rrYCTb
B BOHJIOK. 8TOT BOH:JIOK ztaer cofiarce nazrexcrryro 3aI.JJ;HTY
>. OHH :( -
icpyrmsre,
60JIbIlIHe
pHJIH non
OT CTerrHbIX fiypanon, nenorozn,i, OT BOJIL£bHX 3y60B H OT
Bl.IapKy aa
yztapon HaraH:KoH. ,II;JIHHHaH «L£eJIKa ,>, «YCbI» H
.MKH CTaH
zta» ,
ran
r-naaa OT rrbIJIH H HaceKOMbIX.
HOBbIH
x OBL£apOK
Cerrsac
B
«fiopo
COBepIlIeHHO 3aKpblBalOI.JJ;He rOJIOBy, 3aI.IJ;HI.IJ;aIOT
Oxpac
6eJIbIH:, cepr.ni
MJIH CBeTJIO- naneasrrr.
Tlocrerrenno
crerm
OCBaHBaJIHCb,
YMeHbIlIHJIOCb
O,n;HT B oc
L£HCJIO BOJIKOB, CTaJIO COKpaI.IJ;aTbCH H rrOrOJIOBbe OBL£a
) CBOH JIIO
pOK.
[CKHX. Oc
aJIbo;-eHHOB. B
Carasre
JIyL£IlIHe c06aKH COXpaHHJIHCb B HMeHHH 3HaMeHMTOH ACKaHHH-HoBa ,n;JIH
II (nepnaa
oxpansr
IIH HeMeIJ,
HbIX «pyCCKHX OBL£apOB».
~CTb
CKaH BOH:Ha, Tpy,n;HOCTH COBeTCKoro zroaoemroro nepn
CBOHX cran OH nepxca,n no ,n;BYX TbICHL£ OT60p
Ho HCTOpHH 3TOH Y Hac
WpyCCKRH
ozra:
nopozrsr
TparHL£eCKaH. T'paxcnaa
MaCCOBaH 3arOTOBKa c06aK na
rmcypsr,
3aTeM
peKBH3HIJ,HH c06aK ,n;JIH apMHM, a nOTOM H BeJIHKaH
86
C06AK~
OB"IAPK~
OTe'IeCTBeHHaJI aoirna IIOCTaBIIJHI IOmHOpYCCKIIX OB
MOH,ll;Op CK
'I apOK na Kpaii llC'Ie3HOBeHllJI.
'IeM K OB'I B
Tlopozta
ceii'Iac BOCCTaHOBJIeHa , HO MHOrO'IIICJIeH
Hoii OHa yxce, BepOJITHO, He 6y,n;eT. TeM He MeHee, 3TO OT JIll'IHaJI cofiaxa ,n;JIJI
aaropoznrsrx
KOTTe,n;meii, ,ll;JIJI
rpepxrepos. Benrpnn.
roacnopycc
paHJIJIll OB
KOMOH,n;Op J
O'IeHh IIOXOmaJI na roxcnopyccrcyro OB'IapKY cofiarca ec-n, B
eii, MomeT
8TO KOMOH,n;Op.
Crpcro
rOBopJI, KO-
aarr., orpor llIepcTll
,n;OJImHa CE
HhIX unryp
nsre KOJITyl
JOJlCHOpyCCKaR
oesapiea
C06AKH l CCK I1 X OB
87
OBl.iAPKH MOH~OP cxopee OTHOCI1TCR K ~or006pa3HhIM C06aKaM, "lleM K ouxaprcare. 8TO cotiaxa C ThICR"lleJIeTHei1: I1CTOpl1
)!,O"llI1CJIeH
err, MO./KeT 6hITh, OHa 6hIJIa B "llI1CJIe ITpe~KOB HaIIII1X
MeHee, aro
IO./KHOPYCCKl1X onxapox. KaK 11 OHI1, KOMOH~OPhI OX
CJ;./Kell:, ,n;JIR
paHRJIl1
onen,
KOMOH,n;OphI -
HO B BeHrepCKl1X CTeITRX OqeHh
xpyrnrsre
B rrYIIITe.
C06aKl1, MO./KHO CKa
orpoerasre. Cpeznrait pOCT y Hl1X 70 -80 CM. IJ;BeT "llI1CTO 6eJIhIll:. Illepcrr, y HI1X o6R3aTeJIhHO
my cotiaxa
aart.,
DBOpR, KO
IIIepCTI1 -
,n;OJI./KHa CBaJIl1BaThCR B BOll:JIOK, I1JII1 B Bl1,n;e BOll:JIO"ll HhIX IIIHypOB, I1JII1 ofipaayer ITO ncevry TeJIy o,n;I1HaKO
nsre
KOJITyHhI, TaK
aaasmaesrsre
«CBaJIhI'). KOMOH~OPOB
OB"IAPK~
K OMOHOOp He nodnucmum 80JlIW K omape
pac mepcra. B mas mepc:
HeJIh351
MaH,ZJ;op BC
1I3 KOJITyH I JI II rn; e . MHC HO CKOpO « KOMOH,ZJ; pOJK OH aer rrlIcaHO
pan ec'rs «TpO:H:Ka» : 6a"tlKII pOC~ II KphICOJIC KaJK,ZJ;hI:H: Ta -
cc
CTapr
rrYJIII, IICTC
ztopa,
OH II
rryJIll MOJK IIJIII cepor Cpe,ZJ;HII:H: 6 xax OT CKp pOrre:H:CKIIl\
JIIo6IIJIII II ·
xpyrrasna 1
89
OB~APKH
He nodruj cm u m.
z If: omape
HeJIb3H pacaecsrsarr., qTo6bI He napynrart- crpyrcrvpy wepCTI:I. Korna KOMOH,n;Op JIllHHeT, TO BbIJIllHllBaIO nraa nrepcrs OCTaeTCH B KOJITyHe. II C B03paCTOM KO MaH,n;op nee 60JIbWe II 60JIbWe onenaerca B «6POHIO » ll3 KOJITyHOB, rrpe,n;CTaBJIHH C060H neaatisraaeraoe 3pe rrmne. Hnorna, CJIyqaeTCH, KOMOH,n;Op repaer mepcr's , HO CKOPO «onea aer ca. CHOBa. KOMOH,n;op - :3TO cotiaxa ,n;JIH oxpaasr crazra , II CTO poxc OH BeJIllKOJIerrHbIH, y Hero naace B cranzrapre npo nacano - «HOqbIO zmar-aerca HeCJIbIWHO» . Ho B Bear pan ec'rs II nacroaume osuapxa BeJIllKOJIerrHaH «TpOHKa»: rrymr, rrYMll II My,n;ll. 8TO MaJIeHbKlle CO 6aqKll pOCTOM 35-45 CM. Bee OHll OTJIllqHbIe cropoxca II KPbICOJIOBbI, n, KOHeqHO rrepBOKJIaCCHbIe nacryxn, Kam,n;bIH co CBoeH cneuaanaaauaeii. 8TO KaK Tpll 6pa Ta - crapnraa , cpezraaii II MJIa,n;wllH. Crapmaa - :3TO rry.n a, llCTOPllH ero TaKaH me ,n;peBHHH, KaK II y KOMOH ,n;opa, OH II BbIrJIH,n;IlT KaK «MllHll»-KOMOH,n;Op. TOJIbKO rrynn MomeT 6bITb He TOJIbKO 6eJIoro, HO II qepHOrO llJIll ceporo oxpaca. CneU;llaJIIl3aU;IlH ero OBU;bI. Cpezmait fipar , nyxrrr, o6pa30BaJICH B XVII-XVIII Be xax OT cxpenraaanaii nYJI11 C OCTpOyXllM11 aarrazmoea ponericrcnraa oauapxaraa. Aaaprnoro 11 JIOBKOrO nYM11 JII0611JI11 llCnOJIb30BaTb ,n;JIH pa60TbI co CBllHbHMll 11 KpynHbIM poraTbIM CKOTOM. A rpernfi fipar , My,n;ll, no cpaBHeH11IO C ,n;pyrllM11 6paTbHM11 COBceM MaJIbIW OH C
nacryrm.n cotiarca.
>KH3HEPAAOCTHOE nllEMSI TEPbEPbl, WHAYUEPbl, nHHLiEPbl BpI1TaHI.J;hI -
BeJII1KaR C06aKOBO,n;qeCKaR HaI.J;I1R.
HaI.J;I1R CrrOpTCMeHOB, MeXaHI1KOB 11 CTOpOHHI1KOB paa ,n;eJIeHI1R Tpy,n;a.
11 3Ta
I1X qepTa HaIIIJIa orpaacenne He
TOJIhKO B rrpOMhIIIIJIeHHOCTI1, HO 11 B mI1BOTHOBo,n;CTBe, 11 B co6aKOBo,n;CTBe B qaCTHOCTI1. Cy,n;I1Te CaMI1 -
asre xpynasre, JII1CY, na
6op
MeJIKI1e, rOHQI1e na 3aHI.J;a, rOHQI1e na
asrzrpy,
na OJIeHR, CKOpOCTHhle rJIa,n;KOIIIep
CTHhIe rrOHHTephI,
,n;JII1HHOIIIepCTHhle
cer-repsr
,n;JIR
pa3HhIX yro,n;I1H, CrraHI1eJII1 ,n;JIR yro,n;I1H, nerronxozra II.J;I1X ,n;JIR JIeraBhIX,
aonansre
CrraHI1eJII1, perpn sepsr,
QTo6hI rronaaarr, ,n;06hIQy, OBQapKI1 ,n;JIR nac'r sfisr, ztor-n ,n;JIR OXpaHhI. B soazryxe -
B
.necax , B rrOJIRX, B nozte 11 rrOQTI1 QTO
JIa QeJIOBeKy.
11 Ha3BaHI1e
Ka cooaxa He cJIymI1
BCIO,n;y C06aKI1 rrOMOraJII1 QeJIOBeKy.
meTCR, He OCTaJIOCh CTI1XI1l'I, rzie 6hI
A
nozt 3eMJIeH?
TaKl'IX cotiarc -
OT JIaTI1HCKOrO CJIOBa
11
nozr 3eMJIeH Tome.
TepbephI -
e reppa : -
3eMJIR .
rrpol'ICxo,n;I1T
JI ell/Ozena m
Uill'OX~)HOC
•a)!W.L
~al
-ll)KAIf:) an - B:}I •A)laaC O.Lh ll.LhOli llJOll'
' rq gq
,rsdaandr.a - B'll'oxll'olia ffIfll'
rsdaa,
-damoxmn BH allhHOJ
-dog -
llIN
'aa.L:)ll'oaoE aH allHa)KB
-8Bd
aoxa
• B'll'nBH ffB
92
C06AK~
Boo6ru;e-TO , CHa"tIaJIa STO 6hIJIli 06hI"tIHhIe He60JIhIlllIe aarJIlIrrCKlie ,n;BOpH.HmKlI. B Kam,n;Orr MeCTHOCTli CBOli. Ho
npax-norasre
npo-me
Y rpepraepon?
MeJIKlIe If
qTO ,n;OCTa'I 3BephKaMli
crapanacs OCTaBJI.HTh ce6e cetia cofiarc. Kaxne npofine
B JIIfChIO lIJI
liM ClIJIhHO ,n;OKy-qaJIli KphIChI 1I
Mnoro TE
epepMephI
ru;eHKOB OT rrOJIe3HhIX ,n;JI.H MhI 6hIJIli
TEPbEPbl, WHA~
cpezra a e
XlIru;HIfKlI, OC06eHHO
MHOmliBIlllIeC.H rrOCJIe IfCTpe6JIeHlI.HB
XVI nexe
paa
BOJIKOB.
a KpOMe Tor
casrsre J carasre ClIJII
Jill
rae
Ha
nnem
Bapcyrcn, CTpO.H CBOli pa3BeTBJIeHHhIe HO psr, nozrpsmana nocrponxn If zropor-a. BOT 60ph6y C HIfMlI 1I B03JIOmliJIli na ,n;BOpOBhIX co6a "tIOHOK. "tlTO liM napor« xJIe6 ecrr.? QTo6hI BhIIIOJIHIfTh
mann
BHlIl\
cofiarc,
BO
KPhIChI yHlI"tITOmaJIli
aanacsr.
JIIfChI 1I XOphKlI
KaJIIf rrTlI:U;Y.
STY
aanasy,
oxepezn,
KaKOrr ,n;OJImHa 6hITh C06aKa? B
nepsyro
nerionsnron. 6hIJIa npec.nezto
OTBamHOrr, JIOBKOrr, ClIJIhHOrr 1I
OTBamHOrr,
norosry
qTO ,n;OJImHa
sar-s 1I acrynarr, B cXBaTKy rrycrr, C He6oJIhlliliMlI, HO ace me C XIfru;HlIKaMIf. LTIoBKorr If ClIJIhHOrr, qTo6hI rro 6e,n;lITh, a He nor-afiny-n. . ,I.(JI.H aroro me HymHhI 6hIJIli xperncne qeJIIOCTIf 1I 3y6hI.
A
He6oJIhillOrr -
rrororay,
m ecmK OUlepcm HblU tpox cm epiep
( na nepeiineu n.nane) u een uu mepsep
r
nocnocoficr HhIX 1I3 HlI}
A cxpenraa nsre
pa3HOI
KaK npasro
C06AK~
93
TEPbEPbl, WHAYUEPbl, m1HLfEPbl 60Pb6~ C MeJIK11M11
He60JIbllI11e
qTO AOCTaTOqHO JIOBKOA AJIH
IOCT11 CB011.
3BepbKaM11 MOmeT 6bITb TOJIbKO nefio.nr-rrraa cotiaxa,
lB JIH T b ce6e
a KpOMe roro, TOJIbKO He60JIblliOA nee craoacer 3aJIe3Tb
:11e np06JIe
B JI11CbIO 11JI11
fiapcyasro
Maoro repsepos
11 KpbICbI 11 ,6eHHO paa
JI11
rce BOJIKOB.
care sre C11JIbHble.
OpbK11 TaC rreHHble HO-
carasre
yMHble,
nopy.
nor-nfiano B 8TOA 60pb6e.
caxtsre
JIOBK11e,
casrsre
Bsrxoraa
OTBamHble,
Ha BHelliHOCTb 8TMX c06aK npaKTI1QeCKM He ofipa
~aJIM BHMMaHMH. Ho 06~I1e 3aAaQM CepOpMMpOBaJIM c06aK, BO MHorOM noxoxcnx zrpyr C APyrOM. 8TOMy
OBbIX cofia
nocnoc06CTBOBaJIO M npMJIMTMe KpOBeA
3blnOJIH11Tb
HbIX M3 HMX -
B rrepayro
iOJIbIliOA.
rrpecrrezro.
A
KHbI 6bIJII1
- rrorosry,
nl-lblU tpoxcmepsep
ane } u eensui mepsep
YAaq
CKpe~MBaHMH C OXOTHMqbI1MM c06aKaMI1 AaJIM HO
asre
pa3HOBI1AHOCTM,
xoropsre
nOJIyqaJI11 Ha3BaHI1,H,
KaK npaBMJIO, no MeCTHOCTI1, rne MX pa3BOAI1JIM. Bce
>llI11M11, HO QT06bI no
carasrx
6eJIoro I1 qepHO-nOAnaJIOrO repsepoa.
rnaiiicoiuepcmneie tpoiccmepiepu.
94
C06AK~
repsepsr
TEPbEPbl, WHA
IfMelOT
utero. Co CTl
KBap;paTHbIll: epOpMaT, .iKeCTKylO rrpOBOJIOKOo6pa3HylO
JIHJICH aa P;t
nrepc n., BbITHHYTbIe rOJIOBbI C
Erne
3TIf
CJIO.iKeHbI no-rm Op;IfHaKOBO -
MO~HbIMIf
"lleJIIOCTHMIf
If KpyrrHbIMIf, KaK y 60JIbIllOll: cofiarcn, 3y6aMIf. "YIllIf nefio.nsrrme, norrycroaxae.
Terra cyxne,
KYJIIfCTble, KOHe"llHOCTIf -
KaK npyacnaxa.
aaaprnsre,
TeMrrepaMeHTHbIe,
ysepennsre
CIfJIbHble, MYC
rrozranacnsre,
Bee
o-rem,
KaK p'ryrs,
B ce6e, npaaansnee ztaxce CKa3aTb -
o6JIa
xpsrcy
OTJIIf"llHbIe KPbICOJIOBbI.
XIX
C He60JIbIllI Ho B OCT: crre:O;lfaJIlf3 MOCTOHTeJIl If "llepHO- ph
zraror Heo6bFIall:HO BbICOKIfM caMOMHeHlfeM.
Bee repsepsr -
B
TpaBJIe Kpb
CXBaTIfB
JIIfCY If 6aI=
11 BCTpHXHyB, repsep MrHOBeHHO JIOMaeT ell:
noz 3eMJIel HIfKaM, rp;E
A repsej
BbIBeJIIf P;JI. My OHIf 3m yBeJIIf"lleHH MeHeM OKa HbIMIf co6a
IIpJIaHp;( rceppn 6JIIO
C06AK~
I llMeIOT :0 06p a3HYIO :reJIIOCTJIMll 5aMll. YIIlll [hHhle, MyC . Bce O"lIeHh KaK pry-rr., .Th - o6JIa r. L CXBaTllB JIOMaeT eH
TEPbEPbl, WHAYL\EPbl,
95
n~H~EPbl
IIleIO. Co CTaeH B COTHIO KphIC xopomnii .r ep s ep pacrrpas JIJIJICJI aa ,n;eCJITh MllHyT, IIO"lITll He IIOJIyqaJI paaenmi. Erne B XIX sexe 6hIJIll IIOIIyJIJIpHhI copennosaana IIO TpaBJIe KphIC. 113BecTHhIH percopzr - CTO KphIC aa IIJITh C He60JIhIIlllM MllHyT. Ho B OCTaJIhHOM Y repsepon 6hIJIa see me HeKOTOpaJI CIIe:U;llaJIll3a:U;llJI - JIeHKJIeH,n;hI OXOTllJIllCh na JIllC ca MOCTOJITeJIhHO, a 3a,n;a"lIeH IIJITHllCThIX rpoxcrepsepoa II xepuo-psixcax BeJIhIIl repsepoa 6hIJIO llJIll BhlrHaTh JIllCY II fiapcyxa ll3 HOphI, IiJIIi naotiopor, aanepxcarr, IIO,n; 3eMJIerr na O,n;HOM MeCTe Ii JIaeM ,n;aTh 3HaTh OXOT HIiKaM, rzte ayxcao paCKaIIhIBaTh HOPY. A repsepoa ll3 ,n;OJIllHhI pexn 8Hp, apne.m.repsepoa, BhIBeJIll ,n;JIJI OXOThI na BhI,n;p II BO,n;JIHhIX KphIC. Tloaro My OHIi 3Ha"lIllTeJIhHO xpyrmee, HO ovens noxcxca na yBeJIIi"lIeHHyIO KOIIllIO ne.nsm repsepa. 8p,n;eJIIi co spe MeHeM OKa3aJIllCh OTJIll"lIHhIMll BoeHHhIMIi II c.nyxceti HhIMll cotiarcasm. I1pJIaH,n;CKlie TephephI, n nx 3eMJIJIKll, 3HaMeHllThle rceppn 6JIIO TephephI, IIO CIiJIY8TY noxoxca na repsepon na Aarvran. Ho pOCTOM OHIi rcpyrnree. I1pJIaH,n;cKllM rpep MepaM paapenranocs ,n;epmaTh TOJIhKO TephepOB - 3aru;IiTHIi KOB OT npezrareaen. I1pJIaH,n;:U;hI CKperu;llBaJIll CBOliX TephepOB
HpJtaHiJCKUU mepuep, U
epoexemepeep
tceppu 6JllO mepsep
( c.neea nanpaeo )
96
COEiAK~
C rcpyrmsnan cofiaxaxrn, rrpHHa,n;JIemaBIIIIIMII 6ora xawr , H IICrrOJIhSOBaJIII TOJIhKO KaK cropoacea. B IIIoTJIaH,ll;HII CJIOmHJICR COBceM ,n;pyroH THrr repse POB - KOpOTKOHorHe, C ,ll;JIIIHHhIM TyJIOBH:W;eM H C MOIIJ; HbIMH rOJIOBaMH. meCTKOIIIepCTHhIe cxorn-repsep, BeCT XaHJIeH,n; yaHT Tephep - OHH Tome B rrpOIIIJIOM pa60TaJIH B nopax. A crcari-repsep OXOTIIJICR na BbI,n;p y 6eperoB OCTpOBa CKaH. ::lTO e,n;HHcTBeHHhIH ,n;JIHHHO IIIepCTHhIH Tephep HS rrJIeMeHH «HacToRIIJ;HX » repse pOB, nezn, y OCTaJIbHhIX IIIepCTh HJIH rrpOBOJIOKOo6pas HaR, IIJIH r .nazncaa.
TEPbEPbl, WHA~
BOT TOJIh ocofiaa IIIeI H He JIHHRe H JII06HTem lIs TpH,lV rropozt Teph l HHH, TIeTBe] acesr Mllpe. m.re C06aKI1
Brraronaj rrOJIhSOBaJIl
« repsep :
B
OH 6hIJI B tIl
Becm xaiin enii yaum meps ep, UOp KUlUp CKUU
m epsep, UlOm.lWHiJcKUU ctcom u-mepiep
U
cxau-mepuep ( cneea nanpaeo )
,IJ;ame B C TephepaM: JIH ,n;JIR zraa en. I1x HaS] JIOCb «6yJIh CHJIy, aaztn
C05AKl-1
J1MII fiora ~H . ~M
BOT TOJIbKO Y KpOIIleqHOrO HOpKIIll1pCKOrO OC06aH
TIIrr
repse
II C MOrn;
r-r-repsep, I rrpOIIlJIOM
na
97
TEPbEPbl, WHAYUEPbl, nl-1Hl.fEPbl
repsepa
mepc'rs - TO)Ke .n;JIIIHHaH, HO IIleJIKOBIICTaH Illepcm, y «HopKa» pacrer BCIO )KII3Hb,
II He JIIIHHeT.
11 JII0611TeJIII rropo,n;bI Ha3bIBalOT ee «BOJIOCbI » •
113 TpII,n;.o;aTII
C JIIIIIlHIIM OCPII.o;IIaJIbHO rrpII3HaHHbIX
rropozr TepbepOB .n;Ba,n;.o;aTb -
PO,n;OM II3 BeJIIIK06pIITa
repsepon
JII06HT BO
[H .n;JIIIHHO
BceM Mllpe. OHR OXOTHIIKII, CJIy)Ke6HbIe II
cnop-mn
l1X » repse
asre c06aKII II, KOHeqHO, sece.m-re KOMrraHbOHbI.
~H
BbI.n;p
lOK006pa3
iepiep, UOpKlUUpCKUU '(UU ctcomu-mepsep ineea nanpaeo )
HIIII, qeTBepO -
Brraroztapa
IIpJIaH,n;.o;bI. 8TIIX
OTBa)KHbIM xaparcrepara repsepoa IIC
rrOJIb30BaJIII II ,n;JIH BbIBe,n;eHIIH zrpyr-nx rropozr, 11 CJIOBO
«repsep:
B l1X Ha3BaHIIII roaoprtr TOJIbKO 0 TOM, qTO
OH 6bIJI B qIICJIe IIX npezncos. ,IJ;a)Ke B caMOH AHrJIIIII,
CKpern;IIBaH 6yJIb,n;orOB
C repsepawa , rrOJIyqIIJIII c06aK, KOTOpbIX IICrrOJIb30Ba JIll ,n;JIH ,n;aBHO yxce ea.
Hx
aarrpeurennsrx
HbIHe C06aqbIIX 60
Ha3bIBaJIR «6YJIb-II-Tepbep», a rrOCJIe nOJIyqII
JIOCb «6YJIbTepbep». OT 6yJIb,n;oroB OHII yHaCJIe,n;OBaJIII CIIJIy, 3a,n;IIpIICTOCTb II yrropc'rao, OT repsepon JIOB
TEPbEPbl, WHJ
pIIKaHCKHl
cnm.aee H noponara I AMepUlWHCKUU
cnuuptpopinuupctcuic 6yJlbmepbep
MHOrllX CT Ho CaM] cmr. 8TO "LJ
nenen
B
P<
HaJI cofiax II pnaeann H
ztpyr-ne.
He TOJIhKO o-ren s BhI ce6e orpox epa, He TC KOCTh, rro,n;BllmHOCTh II CHOBa ynopcrno. TaK B03HIIK JIll rpa nopozrsr 6YJIhTephepOB - 6yJIhTephep, MHHlla TIOPHhIll 6YJIhTephep II oratpdiopzmraporcnii 6YJIhTeph ep. BHernHOCTh y 6y.m.repr.epa II y «MIIHIl6yJIell » o-rens cnoeotipaanaa. rJIa,JJ;KaJI urepc-rs , BeJIIIKOJIerr HaJI MycKyJIaTypa, xopnyc aTJIeTa, nmporcaa rpyzn., scpemcne nor-a. TaKyIO cofiarcy C611Th C nor HeJIerKO. Oxem, csoeoopaaaaa rOJIOBa CCllJIhHhIMIl -qeJIIOCTJIMIl. 8TO CMeJIaJI, o-rens CllJIhHaJI, XOTJI rro pOCTy He6oJIh nraa cofiarca. Ho npexczte acero «6yJIh » - STO xapax rep. II xaparcrep cnoeotipaaasra, MomeT 6hITh zraxce npor aaope-raasra. C O,n;HOll CTOpOHhI, 6e3YCJIOBHO rrpe,n;aH X03JIIIHY II ero cerase, a, C ,n;pyroll CTOpOHhI, nexero H ,n;yMaTh 0 «CJIyme6HoM HCrrOJIh30 BaHIIH » STOll cofiaxn. CJIyrnaThCJI OH He JII0611T. JII0611TeJIH 6yrrs-repsepoa rOBOpJIT 0 CBOIIX cofiarcax MHoro XO pornero, HO rrpn STOM 06JI3aTeJIhHO ,n;o6aBJIJIIOT - «rrpll rrpaBllJIhHOM BOC nrrranna ». IIoToMoK anrJIIIllCKOro cradidiopnnrapcxoro Tephepa - aMe-
99
TEPbEPbl, WHAYLI,EPbl, m1H"IEPbl
4MepUKaHCKUU
.aqxpopdsuupcxutc 6yJlbmepbep
arc B03HIIK ep, MIIHIIa 6YJIhTepb IHII6yJIeff » :eJIHKOJIerr
xaa rpyzu.,
r HeJIerKO. ~JIIOCT .HMII. ry He60JIb ;:)TO xaparc )bITb zraace
paxancrcnfi C'l'aepcl>op.n;IIIHPCKHff 'l'epbep, HO xpyrmee, CIIJIbHee II 3JI06Hee CBOerO npeznca. OTHOllieHIIe K 8TIIM noponasr BO BCeM MIIpe .n;aJIeKO He 0.n;H03HaqHoe. Bo MHorIIX crpaaax paaaezrenne IIX aanpenreao. Ho caMbIff KpyrrHbIff H3 TepbepOB norryven B POC CIIII. 8'1'0 xepnsra, IIJIII pyCCKIIff, repsep. OH 6bIJI BbI senea B POCCIIII B rrOCJIeBOeHHbIe rozrsr KaK rcapay.ns Ha.H cotiaxa. B qIICJIe ero npezncon MHoro nopozr II pII3eHIIIHay:u;epbI, II apne.ns-repsepi,r, II porserinepsr, II zrpyr-ne. COBpeMeHHbIe xepn sre TepbepbI 06JIa.n;aIOT He TOJIbKO «IJ,IIBIIJIII30BaHHbIMII » xaparcrepaera, HO II oxem, BbIpa3II'l'eJIbHOff BHeIliHOCThIO. Tlpencruat.re ce6e orporcayro xepayro cofiarcy CCIIJIy8TOM He TO reps epa, He TO unraynepa. Bpe.narne nrreuar.naroniee, -
AMepUKaHCKUU cnuuptpopinuupctcuii mepsep, 6YJlbmepbep U uepnut: mepsep
(cneea «anpaeo )
100
C06AKH
noxesry aepepeKTHbIe pyccrcne xepasre repse ncesr MHpe. Ho eCJIH OrJIH,n;bIBaTbCH aa npemcoa, TO qepHbIll repsep, XOTb H Ha3bIBaeTCH repsepoa , 6JIaro,n;apH CBO eMy qepHoMy orcpacy H xpynaoray pOCTy 3aCTaBJIHeT BcnOMHHTb see me He apne.ns'repsepa, a pnaeanraay uepa, caxroro 60JIbIllOrO npe,n;CTaBHTeJIH ueJIOll rpyn rna HeMeUKHX nraayuepoa H nannepon . nOHHTHO,
psi
3aBOeBaJIH nonyJIHpHOCTb BO
TEPbEPbl, WHJ
Boofinte
BO MHorOll HCKJIlOqeH
Tpe6oBaJIl1 HOCTH
CTHbIe IllH: KOIllepCTH
oopaayer I: aooome, K
PU3enuuuujuep ( cneea ) ,
60JIbIllHMl
uumrnenuiunauuep (emopoii cneea ]
u ueepeiunauuepu (nepeuii
U emopoii cnpaea )
AcaMH COl
«Mop,n;aIll l,
nee
me no
asre orcpac KOll
csoeo
KaK aTO BI He -
Ha,n;c
IIlHayu
ra,
Ho
en
TaK H Ha3
nOJIOmeHC
PTHbIll Ill}
C06AKH
101
TEPbEPbl, WHAY~EPbl, nHH"IEPbl
Bo06~e-TO,
asre repse
umayuepsr
aaanor-axasre
BO MHOrOM
Ii
narrsepr.r -
3'1'0 C06aKIi,
6pIiTaHCKIiM TepbepaM, aa
~ O qepHbIll
IiCKJIlOqeHIIeM TOrO, qTO pa60TbI B HOpaX 0'1' HIiX He
oztapa CBO
Tpe60BaJIIi. KaK II repsepon, IiX TO:>Ke ,n;Be pa3HOBIi,n;
IaCTaBJIHeT
HOCTIi -
aaeaumay ~JIOll rpyn
CTHbIe
r JIa,LI;KOllIepCTHble
umayuepsr,
Ii :>KeCTKOllIep
KOTOpbIX rcorzta-ro Ha3bIBaJIIi :>KeCT
na rOJIOBe nmaynepoa,
KOllIepCTHbIMIi mra-reparaa. IIIepCTb y HIiX ofipaayer 6POBIi, 60po,n;y Ii YCbI. fOJIOBbI Y
Bo06~e, KpyIIHbIe, a Ii3-3a mepcrrr Ka:>KyTcH oc06eHHO
uauuep (c neea ),
60JIbllIIIMIi.
ujuep ( emopoii cnee a ) uuiueps: (n epeuii
«Mop,n;allI»
opoi: cnpaea )
mrnaepsr
A
,ll;a:>Ke Ha3BaHIie
«uraaynep . oanauaer
0'1' HeMe:U;Koro CJIOBa
caMIi c06aKIi
rcnaztpa'rnsre,
«umayne : -
Mop,n;a.
II XOTb Ii He TH:>KeJIble, HO
ace xce rrO-HeMe:U;KIi OCHOBaTeJIbHbIe, IIJIOTHbIe. OCHOB
nsre
OKpaCbI -
KOll
caoeoopaansrii
qepHbIll Ii «rrepe:u; C COJIblO » -
3'1'0 'ra
cepbIll orcpac. TOT, KTO He 3HaeT,
KaK 3'1'0 BbIrJIH,n;IiT, MO:>KeT rrOCMOTpeTb y ceria
na
KYX
nazro TOJIbKO cxreruarr, MOJIOTbIll nepen C COJIblO. Illrraynepon - rpoe. 'I'pn TOqHbIX KOIIIiIi zrpyr zrpy
He -
ra. Ho O,n;IiH COBceM rcponrevm-ui, KapJIIiKOBbIll. OH TaK Ii Ha3bIBaeTCH -
naeprnraaynep.
,ll;pyroll, KaK Ii
IIOJIO:>KeHO, cpezmaft, OH :>Ke TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIll craana PTHbIll nmayuep, IiJIIi zraace IIpOCTO
umaynep.
8TaJIOH
102
C05AK~
TEPbEPbl, WHJ
STOll rpYIIIIbI, sezn, zma ztpyrrrx p;OJDKHbI 6bITh ero KO IIH.HMH.
A
TpeTHll -
pnaemnaayuep, caMhIll 60JIh
IIIOll, carso Ha3BaHHe rOBopHT 06 ST OM , Bep;h CJIOBO «pH3eH » H oanaxaer « B e JI H K a H» .
Crapsre
Ha3BaHH.H mnaynepon « K o H IO IIIe H H h I ll IIHH
nep : H «KPbICOJIOB » rOBOp.HT 0 HX Ha3Ha-qeHHH . KOHe-q
paaeanraaynepsr KpbIC He JIOBHJIH. Ho BC.H rponna BeJIHKOJIeIIHhle oxpaHHHKH, naace rcpome-msre «rrs ep HO,
Iiocepma »
rH » eIIJ;e He TaK p;aBHO C ycnexore Cp;aBaJIH HCIIbITaHH.H IIO 3aIIJ;HTHOll c.nyactie.
A
yac pnaennmaynep c-nrrae'r
C.H O,LJ;HOll H3 JI y-qIIIHX CJIyme6Hblx c06aK. IIHH-qepbI Tome HaIIOMHHaIOT nmaynepon, HO TOJIb KO 6e3 HX IIIepCTH. OHH rJIa,LJ;KOIIIepCTHble.
Oxpac y
HHX
KopH-qHeBbIll HJIH -qepHbIll C KopH-qHeBbIMH OTMeTHHa MH. IIHH-qephI Tome 6hIJIH KpbICOJIOBaMH.
A
cell-qac STO
p;OMaIIIHHe JII06HMU;bI. KaK H y rrraaynepoa, ec'rs IIpOCTO IIHH-qep H KapJIHKOBhIll IIHH-qep.
TaK
x.
H
OKa3hI E
Tl unu ep U nemeuxue KapJLUK08ble nunuepu
xac, HO OH
Ero ace
6epMaH-m
,l];o6epMaH IIIHBa.H
pa.
-qHJI 3aMelJ
HaIIOMHHa
xana
H III
-qeCTb C0 3 ,
-qTO STO H ll TeJIhHa.H
c
eTC.H IIpOC MH
IIOJIH
r-aaer sr
II€
cMeHy HM
CJI yme6Hh B « 3 0 JI OT O
C06AKlJI
TEPbEPbl, WHAYUEPbl,
103
nlJlH~EPbl
11Th ero KO
MhIH 60JIh
sezn, CJIOBO
EIHhIH IIMH
HM. KOHe'-I
I TpOMI.J;a
Ilooepsuu:
rsre «I.J;Bep
[CII h I'l'aH M JI p C'-IMTaeT-
B, HO T OJI h
x p ac
y
HMX
OTMeTMHa CeH'-IaC :3T0 CT h IIpOCTO
TaK M XO'-IeTCJI CIIpOCMTh: a rzre ace «pM3eHIIMH'-Iep »? OKa3bIBaeTCJI 6hIJI M TaKoH. TO'-IHee, OH ecrt, M ceH
neu euicue ieue nunuepta ~
U
Ero nee
3HaIOT.
Paasme
STY cofiaxy Ha3hIBaJIM zro
6epMaH-IIMH'-Iep, TO eCTb IIMH'-Iep ,II;06epMaHa. JIIO.n;BMr ,II;06epMaH, ,lKMTeJIh HeMeI.J;KOrO ropozra AIIOJIb,n;hI, CMe IIIMBaJI pa3JIM'-IHbIe IIOpO.n;bI, B KOHI.J;e
XIX sexa
IIOJIy
'-IMJI 3aMe'-IaTeJIhHeHIIIYIO 3aIIJ;MTHYIO cooarcy, 06JIMKOM HaIIOMMHaBIIIyIO crporaaoro IIMH'-Iepa, KOTOpyIO CHa '-IaJIa M IIpMIIMCaJIM K rpynne nMH'-IepOB M Ha3BaJIM B '-IeCTh C03,n;aTeJIJI. Ho co
apexeaesr see
,IKe peIIIMJIM,
'-ITO STO HMKaKOH He IIMH'-Iep , a COBepIIIeHHO caMOCTOJI Te JIhHaJI CJI y,IKe6HaJI nopozta, KOTOpaJI CeH'-IaC Ha3hIBa eTCJI IIpOCTO (',n;06epMaH ». ,II;06epMaHhI 6bIJIM JIy'-IIIIM MM
IIOJIMI.J;eHCKMMI1
c06aKaMM
Ha'-IaJIa
XX
nerca,
r-aaer sr IIeCTpeJII1 C006IIJ;eHMJIMM 06 MX rrozraarax. Ha cxren y
MM, KaK STO '-IaCTO 6hIBaeT, IIpMIIIJIM ztpyrne
CJIY,IKe6HhIe c06aKM, HO ,n;06epMaHbI .n;o CI1X IIOp BXO,n;JIT B «30JIOTOH epOH.n; » JIy'-IIIlMX IIOpO,n; MMpa.
60nbWASI mOE
50nbWASI Jl1050Bb KMAJ1EHbKHM C05AKAM Co6aKH CJIyJKaT JIlO,lVIM TbICfl"tlH JIeT. OHH nezrarcr ,ll;JIfl"tleJIOBeKa TaK MHOrO, "tlTO scero He rrepe-racna-n, "tlTO-HH6Y,ll;b
06fl3aTeJIbHO 3a6Y,ll;eIIIb. Ce6e B rrOMOIIJ;b
"tleJIOBeK C03,ll;aJI COTHH CrreIJ;HaJIH3HpOBaHHbIX rropozt cofiax.
II cerorma
npoztonacaer coaztaaar's HOBbIe H na
XO,ll;HTb HOBoe npmeeneane CTapbIM . OXOTHHKH CJIy JKaT B IIOJIHIJ;HH H na TaMOJKHe, 6bIBIIIHe H HbIHeIIIHHe rroJIHIJ;eAcKHe rrOpO,ll;bI CTaHOBflTCfl co6aKaMH-KOM
nansonaxa, rrpOCTO BepHbIMH crryTHHKaMH xenonexa . B rrepsyro o-repezrs STO OTHOCHTCfl K C06a"tlKaM He6oJIb moro paaxepa, y,ll;06HbIM ,ll;JIfl conepacaaaa B JKHJIHIIJ;e
K U H ZC q apsu.s cnani U
nanuiuon (cnptu
xe.nonexa, ocorienao B 60JIbIIIHX ropozrax. ::lTO MeJIKHe
repsepsr BUUlOH
tppuse, uocxoecxuu OJlUHHOUlepcmHbtU
moii-mep sep U moii
nyoeJlb
(c neea nanpaeo)
H
KHe IIIHay ,ll;or006pa3 HHe STHX I
M e KCUlW H CIW Jl
Z(
U KUmaUCKaJl ~
6011bWASl 111060Bb K MAl1EHbKHM C06AKAM
iAKAM 'H IT ztenaror -qITCJIITTb B
rroreoun,
HbIX rropozr [OBbIe IT aa ~HITKIT
CJIy
HbIHeIllHITe KaMIT-KOM [ qeJIOBeKa.
aM He6oJIb B mITJIITr.u;e
ho MeJIKITe
q ap.nse cnanuenu nanuiuon. ( cnpaea )
KUH ZC U
bt U
repsepsr IT CrraHIIeJIIT, MeJIKITe nrrrmrsr IT fiopat.re, MeJI KITe nnrayuepsr IT rraavepsr, MeJIKITe rrpe,n;CTaBITTeJIIT
))
ztorootipaaaori
rpyrrm,r,
rryzterra. TOJIbKO nepe-nrcne
HITe STIIX rropozr 3allMeT He O,n;HY CTpaHITU;Y.
M eKCUlfa HCKaR zon asi cooaxa ( cn eea ) U KUm a UCKaR xoxnamasi cotiaica
105
106
C06AKW
6011bWASI 11106
JI nOHCICUU XUH U netcun ec ( cnpaea ) I10.n;aBJI.H1OII..J;ee 60JIhIlIIIHCTBO STIIX cotiax rrpOIlIJIO
t.IIIxyaxya.
rryrt, II3 6e.n;Hhlx XIImIIH t.Iepe3 .n;BOpII,hI H mIIJIIIII..J;a ro
ThIC.H"tIeJIeT
B crapsre cyponsre
spesren JIe]
poxcaa B HaIlIII cer-ozraannrae .n;OMa. II t.IaCTO
rOJIo.n;H~e
BpeMeHa CKy.n;OCTh rrporriiTaHII.H
rr03BOJI.HJIa 6e.n;H.HKaM zrepzcarr, JIIIIlIh MaJIeHhKIIX co 6aK.
Moxcer
6hITh, IIX 3aBo.n;IIJIII .n;JI.H rrpaKTIIt.IeCKIIX
pyaceusr
S1
6e.n;HhIX Me
C
paCCJII
MomeT, norosry, t.ITO zrynra t.IeJIOBet.IeCKa.H
KIIe .n;PY3hf
Tpe60BaJIa pa.n;OCTII, KOTOpylO B anoxy meCTOKOCTII II
6aKII - IIrpy
II,eJIeM, a
CypOBhIX yCJIOBIIM BhlmIIBaHII.H .n;ocTaBJI.HJIII .n;pym6a II 6e30rJI.H.n;Ha.H npenarraocrr, MaJIhIIlIII caMII, B CIIJIy
cnoeii
COTa, II Hel
ym nOTOM STII
C06at.IKy M
rrpnpozna, 6paJIII na cefia
MyepTe, BO ::
cofiarc, A
YHIIt.ITOma
,D;aMcKII
JIll Bpe.n;IITeJIeM, BhICJIemIIBaJIlI .n;II"tIh, CJIymIIJIII, rryc'rr,
IlIet.IHa.H K
He oxpaHHIIKaMII, HO cropoacasra, 3BOHKIIM JIaeM rrpe
me, Hao601
zrynpeacnaa 0 npII6JIIImeHlIII nOCTopOHHIIX.
TII
BhIITOJIHeHIIe rrOCIIJIhHhIX 06.H3aHHOCTeM -
Ho 6hIJIII II co6aKII, rrpaKTII"tIHOe IICrrOJIh30BaHIIe KOTOphIX Tpy.n;HO npencraaa'rs.
TaKOB~ rcpornenasre MeKCIIKaHCKIIe C06a"tIKII .n;JIIIH HOIlIepCTHhle II KOpOTKOIlIepCTHhle t.IIIxyaxyeHo IIJIII
C06at.IeK B aa, t.IaCTO
J
raH.n;aMII ,
IIMrrepaTOl
C06AKH
Mane K rrpOIIIJIO
107
60nbWASI nlO60Bb K MAnEHbKHM C06AKAM
U
tuu-muu (c npaea )
t.Illxyaxya. HCCJIe,n;oBaTeJIll naxoztar nx nsofipaacen aa
lorrllTaHllH
ztaanoc'ra na KaMeHHhIX paaaammax nperaen .nerenztapar.rx TOJIhTeKOB II aU;TeKOB . A ofina pyxcensr 3Tll cofia-nca 6hIJIll B XVIII serce B cexn.ax
HhKllX CO
6e,n;HhIx MeKCllKaHCKllX KpeCThHH .
~ T ll t.I eC K ll X
rOKOCTll II
C paCCJIOeHlleM LIeJIOBet.IeCKOrO otimecrna MaJIeHh rene P;PY 3 h H 6e,n;HoThI CTaJIll BhI3hIBaTh mrrepec KaK co fiarcn-rrr'pynncn. A B nr-pynnce nemrrca II pezncaa xpa
II ,n;pYjR6a
COTa, II Heo6hIt.IHhIe, BhILIypHhIe Q;>OPMhI. MaJIeHhKYIO
rrOTOM 3Tll
C06at.IKy MOjRHO HOCllTh
'Ill na ceria
MYQ;>Te, B03llTh
HJIll:w;a
ro
re cypoasre
DBet.IeCKaH
Hllt.ITOjRa
ThICHt.IeJIeTHe:H:
aa
co6o:H: B
na pyxax
llJIll B p;aMCKO:H:
rcapare.
,l];aMCKll:H: JII06llMeu; 6hIJI n arepecen llJIll K aK KpO
[JI ll , rrycrt,
IIIet.IHaH xonna 60JIhIIIO:H:
JIaeM rrpe
jRe, naotiopor , norosry LITO BhI3hIBaJI t.IyB CTBO HejRHOC
« MYjRCKO:H: »
cofiaxn ,
n-aonaaae
co6at.IeK BhIrr YKJIhI:H: JIo6, 60JIhilille
IKll ,n;JIllH
raH,n;aMll, npaureznnne C BOCTOKa cofiaxn KllTa:H:CKllX
y e n o llJIll
llMrrepaTopOB
Tll -repraraa anrpam-am.aocrn, «,n;eTCKOCTll ».
Y
llJIll
rarcnx
pacnaxnyr-sre
r JIa
3a, t.IaCTO y x o p o x e a n a a Mop,n;a. TaKOBhI OBeHHHhIe JIe
nexaaecsr,
cotiarcn KllTa:H:CKO:H: aaa'rn
108
C06AKH
Ana6all TypKMeH ' BaH~~Or • 68
Baccer . 8, 37 Bl:IrJlh • 17,37 Bmuon (PP1:I3e •
Bnanraynn . 36
Bo6TellJl • 74 Boxcep HeMeU;Kl:I: Bopnep- KOJlJll:I • Bopaaa • 13, 17,
arpraacxaa . :
pyccxaa nCOBa
r naincoiuepcmiuui u aJlunnowepcmn(l.fl 'luxyaxya
pyccxas crern Bocepon . 76, 77 Bpnap • 76
BYBbe (jlJlaH~pCKl By.nsnor aHrJll:Ill(
MorrChI, nonexry-ro 3aCTaBJIHIOrn;lfe BcrrOMHIfTb cavry paen HIIOHCKlfe XIfHbI If noxoacne na xplf3aHTeMbI CO 6aKIf T1f6eTa. Maorara C06aKaM rarcae me ¢OPMbI npnnarorca CTplfmKOll nrepcra, KOTopaH npenpanraer
Bens m -xop r n rrei
cofiaxy
Beasnr Tepbep • '
nacroanree npoaaaezteane ncxyccraa . Ho nee me STO nacroaunre cooaxa - sepnsre, rrpe ztaanr.re, YMHbIe. XOTH nopori, rJIH,n;H aa TaKylO «Ma B
JIHBKy», rpyzmo npenc-rana-n, ce6e, r,n;e If KaK B STOll rcpornexnofi rOJIOBKe YMern;aIOTCH yM, rrpeztannoc'rs If zraace naxozrarca MeCTO «KOMaH,n;aM ». KameTCH, 'ITO OT STIfX C06aqeK HIfKaKoll rrOJIb3bI. Ho 'IeJIOBeK - cymecrno srOIfCTIf'IeCKoe. 11 MaJIeHb rene C06a'IKIf yxpamaror naury mlf3Hb, pa3BJIeKa1OT, CHIfMalOT crpeccst, npa-ryror zrynry . 11 naace MaJIeHbKaH zrsopnaacxa, rroztofipannaa ne CHTb JIeT naaazt If mlmyrn;aH B MoeM ,n;oMe BMeCTe CO CBOpOll OB'IapOK, aanmuraer MeHH OT 'IyBcTBa BIfHbI npa an zre TOCKYIOrn;IfX rJIa3 6e3,n;oMHbIX cotiax . OT Hee Tome 60JIbIIlaH norn.aa - ,n;JIH Moell zryura .
Bynsrepsep . 97
By nbTepbep aMe} cr arprpopr m -rcop r-n Ka J
Beer
XallJleH~
yai
B OJlK • 3-8, 10, B OJlb(IH lIn I1Il, nex
(I
rO H'-IaR • 12,27,
pyccxaa • 36,
pyccxaa rrer-ar
Fp eilxayn zt . 28, I'pronennans . 71 ooepx aa . 103 ,!];o r • 47,50,51,
MOCKOBCKl:Ill • HeMeIl,Kl:IH • E HeMeIl,KHH Mp HeMeU;Kl:IH ria, T1:I6eTCKl:IH (TI MaCTl:Icp) oroofipaarrsre • parxaap meCTKC Keecxotm (HeMel B
COAEP>KAH~E
,90,93-97,
q TO TaKOe C06aKa
:rmpCKlIll •
99
95 . 8,96,97 lIll) • 17,99,100
104
.ourepcr asm . 93 conrepcrnsra . 92 . 24 L06 , 108 12 , 100, 102 108 UI • 108 aJI • 108
:>
W,100- 102 22, 23 22 94,95,99, 100
erOHHbIll •
JIaMKM Bo p 3 ~ e , r o H ~ M e , n e r aB~ e
,D;or M OB~ ap K M
BCK lI ll PCTHbIll •
T a K ~TO me 'raxoe cotiaxa?
JKM3Hepa,n;ocTHoe rrneMJI - TepbepbI, IIIHayIJ,epbI, nmrsepsr Bo.m.uraa mo6oBb K MaJIeHbKMM cofiaxaer IIpe,1J,MeTHbIM yxaaare.m,
2
11 19 27 47 65 90 104 109
