Mt"lcppaaq: BAl:IAHr fOyproYAHr KaeqYl1nj~ (/JUa'K<j~ Aywy<j~
.l11op8WU£It;: NTINGr AAMnpOnOYAOr <JJ'A6Aoyo~
MAPINA MOYPATlilOY nTU)('OU)(O~
T.E.<JJ.A.A.-A.n.e.
MOK£ra £~WfPUMou: SOMAl: fKINOYilHr
4JWTOOTOIxe108euia: MEGATYPE
BIJjA.lo6£ufa: AfjlOl MyriIMlA
ErTlpiA£la £K60U'1C;: EprArTHPI rPA4lJKON TEXNON I'SALTO"
TirAoe; npwToTunou:
Schnarchen - lastige Storung oder Krankheit? © 1991 Georg Thieme Verlag ISBN: 3-89373-175-X
© 1995 EKOOoEt~ "SALTo", Yla Tllv elV.llvlK~ EKi'ioor) ISBN: 960-278-048-7
KtVTPIKIj Ii/oStaq: EK..6.0rElr "SALTO"
ArrEMKH 33-{l5, 54621 8EHMONIKH, THA: 262.854, 273.228, FAX: 285.879 AnayopeUE:TOl 11 avanapaywYrl £v ON.iN r'J ev ptPE:1 rl nepLAllmlKo KOTo. nap6
WTOTUnLKO, J.IllxaVLKO, Il.heKTPO· VIKO 1"\ 6~wc: nwe; aUIlCPwva IJE: TOUe; N.2387/1920, 4301/1929, 1"0 N.ll. 3565/56, 4254/62, 4264175, N.100/75 Kat AOlTl:OUC; ev ytV£1 Kov6vec; .6.leevOUC; .6.tKQ(OU, xwp(C; npO)'lYOUIlEvr]
ypan1l'l 66elQ TOU £Ki56T11.
?
W. Pirsig, J. Schiifer
TOPOXAAHTO
£uXclQtotl1 £v6X1..11 0 11 1] (loOiv£t(l;
EJrumll'01'IXtj 21C1,.aeta yta T1JV e)J.1fVIXtj ixiJoOlf: AQ AHMHTPIOI: IKEARI:
QroQIVOAaQVYYOA6yo,; IlQoeoQo,; rT},; EM1)VIXtj,; EralQefa,; QrOQIVOAaQVYYOAOYIXtj,; AUeQYIOAoyfa,; Xat AvoaoAoyfa,;
I1QoAoyo; eAA1]v",ij; e.,l)OO1]; .
7
I::xen"a !le to lteQleX0!levo . .
9
I::e 1t0la o"aoa ato!lOlv 1t0V
!!oxaAi~()vv
avij"ete;
. 13
IIltaiteQa o1]!lela y,a tov 'iiItVO "al to QoXaA1]to 1t0V XQij~ovv "eAEt1]; . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 MJtOQEL xavELe; va !lE"QijOEt Xat va ouYXQ(VEt WV 'iiJtvo;
15
NOCYrlQo QO)(aAI]"o • rt,a olmaQa)(ij wu uJtvou . . . . ..
20
Tt etvat il,a OtaUOlnj avanv01j, Ij anvOia "ara r~v 15nvo;
20
TI rlVat ro oVVO(}OIlO tr" ano!p(}a"Tlulj, vnvlulj, anVOta,
22
..
IIole; Xat Jtou JtQoxaAE("at W QO)(aAI]"O;
24
nart OdOVTaI 01 rotXot ana 11E(lIUa arolla nov (lOYJlAI7;ovv; . . . . . . . .
28
l1ole; EsaJtAolvE'tat W aeolo
xal VOOl]Qo QO)(aAI]"O;
:33
PO)(aAI]"O • ouvEJtELa EVOe; oLawQaWEvou QU8/lLO"'XOU XUXAOU xani wv uJtvo .
36
LUVEJtEtEe; wu VOO1]Qou Qo)(aAI]wu . . . . . . . . . .
38
l1aQayovte; ItOV evyoo"y 'to QoxaA1]to .
. 40
'O'tav ta ltalOla Qo)(aAI~ouv .
• 48
E!;e'taoel; alto to Yla'tQo. . .
. 51
Alto Jtou olammolvEL 0 YlmQoe; "0 Emx(vouvo QO)(aAI]"O;
52
IIOIOI YlmQo( Oa "QEJtEt va Xlv1']'[O"0II]80uv y,a "I] OlEUXQIYI' 01] "wv ava"vEumlxolv oLmaQa)(olv xma wv uJtvo;. . . . 53 IIOIEe; rtE"a~OA£e; olammolvEL o W"oQLvoAaQuyyowyoe; moue; a08EVE(e; Jtou Qo)(aACl;ouv;
54
BIVTtOeVOOOUOm)01) r1}e; avwrc(l1}, aC(lo!poQov 00015. . . . 58
6 Tl Otammwvtl a yva8oxe1QoVQYO, ij a oQ80neOlxo, TI}t; yva80v; . . .
. . . . . . . 60
naTL nQEltEL Eva aWI-l0 I-lE VOOTJQo QoxaATJ"to va E<;E"tamEL mo EQyacrnjQLO VltVOlJ; . . To nQIYyQappa TI}t; Ulm
.......... .
A\lVat6t1Ju~ 1l£!!a:Jt£(a~ tOll !!Ol(aA1JtOV . . .
ElEQa3tELa XWQL, XELQOlJQYLXS, EltEI-l~aOEL,
Tt nQo(ICpiQel I} pelwOI} TOV awpaTlxov {3aQovt;;
,
Kap(a xaTavaAwOI} OlvonvevpaTOt; , , TQelt; wQet; nQ1V TOV vnvo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anocpvyij vnVWTlXWV Xat I}Qeplmlxwv cpaQpaxwv . IIwt; aVTlAap{3aveTat xavelt; TI}V vYlelvij TOV vnvov; AMayij TI}t; maOl}t; TOV awpaTOt;
..
IIwt; oQovv 01 avaxwet; arpv.rr:vlOl}t;; . . . . . .
61 63
65 65 66 66 67 67 69 69
IIwt; AelTOvQYel I} avanvwmlxij nQooO)n[oa; .
71 72
YnaQXovv cpaQpaxa xaTa TOV QoxaAI}ToV; ..
74
AvoQ8000i;a peTQa xaTa TOV QOXaAI}TOV . . .
75
Tl emcpiQel I} 8eQanela TOV avVTQOCPOV mov vnvo;
i'>.WaT01:T]"tE, XELQOlJQYLXtj, 8EQa3t£ta, • . . . . . .
79 81
IIoTe avmijveral pta Xe1QOVQY1Xij eltip{3aOl} ml} P!iTI};
82
2:TopaTlXot; vaQ81]xat; . . . . . . . .
IIore nQintl va acpatQoVVTat I} cpaQvYYlxij xat vneQwi"a apvyOaAij; . . . . . . XelQovQytxit; enep{3aoelt; ml} paAaxij vneQwa
83 84
LJ levQvvOl} TI}t; mivwOI}t; lITl} {3am7 TI}t; YAwaaat; f1C Ail~eQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 IIdTE elVat avayxa(et; 0/. t::n:t:p{3aoElt; ml}v avw Xat xaTW yva80; . Ii/iT/' riVat avayxa(a pia TQaxelOmop{a; . . . . . .
Ta a~o/1a ltOll !!ol(aAi~o\Jv XUI Ot aAAOt avllQ(J)ltot l~ll!!£t1j!!W "!!(J)v
...................
,I
88 88 90 93
a
xa81}YI}Tijt; "It; QTOQlvoAaQvYYoADY{at; ml}v taTQ1Xij axOAij TI}t; Uim, TI}t; TeQpav(at; Xat 0 avvaoeAcpot; TOV lU/gen Sehafel; elvat nQwTonoQol ml}v iQwva TI}t; olayvwOI}t; Xat TI}t; aVTlpeTwmOl}t; TWV QDYxona8tlwv ml}v EVQwnl}. To QoXaAI}TO e(vat pta QDYxona8eta, I} ono{a av i;ecpVyel ano ra CPVOIOADY1xa :n:Aa{Ola, p:n:oQel va Ol}plOvQyijael X1VOVVOVt; yta TI}V vyela TOV :n:aoxoVTOt; ij axopl} va {3aAel 01' x{vovvo TI} ~wij TOV. To {3I{3UO Yla TO QoxaAI}TO, TWV Pirsig xat Schafer, elVat pia OI}pavTlxij nQolJcpoQa TWV avYYQacpEwv nQot; TOV WI taTQO Xat WI eullXO avayvwml}. 01 avYYQarpe(t; f1C aarpijvela :n:aQeXOVV aXQl{3e[t; :n:AI}QOrpOQ[u; Of O:n:OIOV txe1 TO :n:Qo{3Al}pa TOV QoxaArJTOV ij movt; avyyevelt; TOV. H xaravorJlJl} TWV amwv TOV QoXaAI}TOV, rwv p1)xavwpwv TI}t; Ol}plOvQy{at; TOV xal TWV em:n:AOXWV TOV, {3ol}80vv TOV naaxovTa va TO aVTlpeTw:n:{lJfl iyxatQa Xat owma, t;I}TWVrat; {3oij8eta ano TOV elolxo ytaTQO. 01 aoOeve{t; pe QoXaAI}TO aVTlpeTwmt,ovral Xat 8eQa:n:evOVTat a:n:o TOVt; WTOQlvoAaQvyyoAoyoVt;. 'Opwt; yta va xaTaAiji;el WTOQlvoAaQVWOAlYyot; mo Tl :n:Qe:n:tl va xaVEI TeAlxa OTO aropo :n:ov QoxaU~el eVOXAI}Tlxa ij Qoxa}.[~el emx[vovva, nQi:n:tl va avveQyame[ Xat pI' YlaTQoVt; aMwv elolxoTijTwv, o:n:Wt; :n:vevpOVOAIYyOt;, 0 xaQolOAIYyOt;, vWQOAIYyOt; ij 1jJvx{aTQot;. H avAAOY1Xij prAhl} efVat aVTij :n:ov 8a Avon ra XfQta TOV WToQlvoAaQvyyoAOYOV, yta va ecpaQpooel pta Xe1QOVQYlXij aVTlpeTWmlJl}, av a:n:oTvxoVV aAAet;, ava(paxret; pe80i501 :n:ov :n:eQlYQarpovral mo {3I{3UO.
°
°
°
°
8
01 EXOOOEle; "SALTD" xaravowvrae; T'1V E:Jttm'1/10VIXlj XalXOIVWVIXlj a~(a TOV j31j3A(OV ngoej3'10aV m'1 WTacpga01] Xal 8XOOa1j rov. H wracpga01] dVal axglj3lje; Xal anOQ(OEI OAOVe; TOve; targlxove; ogove; /1E Oacpljv£la. IllmEvwon onOIOe; WAETljOEI TO j31j3A(O (Ja WCPEA'1(Je( Xal (Ja /1nogeoet va avvEgyamd anordEO/1anxouga /1£ TOVe; EIOIXOVe; ytaTgove;, yta va aVTI/1ETwn(O£1 TO goxaA'1ro TOV lj uanoLOV avYYC:VlXOV TOV JiQoawJtov.
~Q ~"f.l*(!to' N, rxiI.", QroQlV01..aQvyyoAOyo;, j.lETEXnaLOE'llj.lEVO, on, QoY)(OnaOElE, IIQ6EOQo, "1, E1..1..'lVlXij, ETaLQELU; QWQlV01..aQ'UyY°1..°Ylxij, A1..1..EQYlO1..0yLa, XaL AvoooAoyCa;
L)(Emtci !!E TO QO)(aA'lTo YVWQLl;O'llj.lE EAci)(LOTa, naQoAo no'll 0 80Q'llBo, amo, rlVaL aQxE'
'OAOl YVWQLl;OVI!E OTt T'l V'))(Ta, aAAci XaL T'lV 'l!!EQa, Qo)(a1..Ll;ovv EXaTOI!!!,)gta avegu'mwv. KaVEva" Xal!La 'l1..lXLa XaL xaVEva XOlVWVlXO mQoll!a OEV ESaLQELTaL ano am6, MnoQEL AOlnov TO QO)(aA'lTO va anOTE1..EL ao8EVEla (ma E),,),,'lVlxa, Qoy)(onaOEla), onw, lO)(VQCI;OVTal 01..0 XaL 1tl0 Ov)(vci, TolQa TEAEmaLa Ol YlaTQOL; 0 xaOEva, ano I!a, yvwQLl;El TOVAci)(l- . OTOV Evav ij XaL nEQLOOOTEQOV£ avGQolnov£, no'll naQOTl QO)(ci1..lt;av, Et;'loav ncivw ano EVEvijvTa )(Qovla, To QO)(aA'lTo - onw, XaL nOAAci a1..Aa nQciYl!aTa - cpaL-
10
11
VE~aL va E~aQ~U~aL ana ~1']V "nooo~~a". H Aahnj Qtj01']: "xa8E~L W noM ELVaL XaL av8uYLELVO", ano~EAEL XaL YLa w
QoxaA1']~O wv nUQtjva wu /;1']~tjllmo£, omo£ 8a b01JIlE ~ ouvEXELa. ILyouQa ELVaL OWOCo au w QoxaA1']~o YLa nOAAu ExmollllvQLa av8Qwnwv ELVaL ~E~aLa EVOXA1']UXO, aAAa naQoAa autu a8wo. Y nUQXouv 01100£ XaL IlEQLXOL uv8QwnOL YLa WU£ onoLou£ W buvmo XaL axavovLoco QoxaA1']~O ELVaL oumaocLxtj EvbEL~1'] YLa ~V vnaQ~1'] llLa£ xunOLa£ a08EVELa£, nou nQEnEL va A1']cp8EL oo~aQu un01jJ1']. I f aU~E£ u£ nEQLmwOEL£, OE 8a nQEnEL va nQoonEQvU~aL aouUoYLoca tj aXOIl1'] XaL va allcpLo~1']~EL~aL 1'] nQofLOOnOL1']01'] wu QoxaA1']Wv. H axoAou81'] OX1']vtj OfLXVfL ana mo xo~u, oc1']v nQu~11, Ta avacpfQollEva nQO~Atjf,lma Of au~o to ~L~ALO.
autOe; nou tjoouv naALu. I f EXVEUQ(1;OUV IlLxQonQuYllma. KuvEte; AUOr] ~ OOUAELU xm f,lEQLXEe; cpOQEe; f,lUAt.ata OE naLQvEL 0 vnvoe;".
Mia OXEo6v "a8'lf1CQ1VIj IOwQla "Q£j3aw"alwQw;
Auttj: "ItjllfQa to ~Quou QOXUAL/;E£ nUAL cpoBEQu". Autoe;: "Ma bEY tjma ~iJto~a". Au~tj: "To ~EQW. Iw buvmo QoxaA11~o (awe; Oa f,l1toQovoa axof,l'1
XaL va OUV110LOW, o~av 0IlWe; ocallmue; va aVanVEELe; XaL f,lE~U QoxaAa;ELe; oav mIlOAE~11Tae;, OEV f,l1toQw va XAELOW nAEov Ilun. IIEQLf,lEVW YLa aQxnu bEu~fQoAEma, IlEXQL va savaQXLOELe; va cpuoue;. BAEnw f,lUALOCa nw<; XLVEL~m to attj80e; oou, aAAa xmu xUnOLOVtQono bEv naLQVELe; aEQa. EloaL XAWf,lOe; xm LOQWfU~vo£. ELvm f,lLa owo~ AV~Q(J)O'1, o~av tfALXU naLQVELe; aEQa IlE Eva buvmo QoxaA11~o. iliAa buawxwe; to nmxvLOL SEXLVU xm nUAL ana ~11v aQxtj". Aut6e;: "Ll.EV f,l1toQw va to ES11ytjOW. EYIIl bEv axovw ~iJtma. Movo to OUXvo ~vnv11f,la IlE fVOXAEL. To nQwL VLWOW xouQI
ELK. 1 Mm axe56v Ka8n~eplvTi IUTOpia Kpe~010KQ~apa~ (2:XtOIO anD lOV Friedrich Hartmann).
Auto£: "ME ~v xovQa01'] ta nQuYf,lma Elvm Uo)('1lla. Ll.EV oco EXW nEL f,lEXQL tWQa, aAAa tEAEuta(a, 0XEOOV xm n£ mo CPWtELVE£ IlEQE£, 8a anOXOLf,lLOIlOUV oco tLf,lOVL. TWQUOIlW£
12 xaVE (!OU Eva Owmo XWPE, YLmL oLa<poQETLxa 8'aQY~ow 0't1] OOUAELa".
AUT~: "A<pou <paya(!E m nQWLvo I-la;, sanAwoa sava. AAM av
1:E nOla Ol.uioa a'tor.to)v nov QoxaA(~OVV aVtlXE'tE;
O1JVEXLOTEL aUTO, nQEnEL va
LtL; E1t0I-lEVE; OEWiE; GEAOUI-lE va avaxaAU1jJou(!E av aV~XEtE OTa Examl-ll-luQLa tuN m0I-lWV I-lE aGwo QoxaAT]tO ~ OTL; EMXLOTE; ESClLQEOELC; (!E VOOT]QO QoxaA!]tO. LmvaxoAovGo nLvaxa OW01jJ~ovtaL OL OT](!avtLXOTEQEC; OLa<poQE; ,WV ODO tunwv QoxaA'lmu. I1ivo.xa; 1. IIw£ cnuxQLvE'tm
'to
aewo WtO 'to VO<J11Qo Qoxu),rl1:o; -
F=
voa~po pOXOA~TO
08cilo POXaAWO
LUXVOTIlTO
pOXOAi~El KaGE vU)(To
EUKOlP10KO pOXOA~TO
'EVTQOll
ncA.l! Quvmo, QKotJY8TOl OTO OlTIAOVO OWi!aTlO
8W~
EKP~KTlKO~, TPOXU~, i!E uljJ~M~ aUXVOT~TE~, i!E
0Pi!OV1KO~ i!E XOi!~M~ aUXVOTIlTE~
POXOA~TOU
'Hxo~
i!8TP10 OUVOTO OUVOTO
POYXO
LUi!nEplcpopa -
KOTO TOV
oi!oM, xwpi~ OlOKon8~
i!E auxv8~ OlOKon8~
Avonvo~
unvo
o~auxo~ unvo~, auxv ~un~i!O
o
~auxo~ unvo~
OL axoAovGEC; EQWt~OEL; naQEXow tIl ovvm6tl]ta va E1tLTUXOVI-lE Tl] OLa
14
1. PoxaAitC"tE xaBE ~Qaou (XOlQ('; va EXC"tE xmaVaMOaEt OLVOltVEU!!a);
2.
EVOXAoVvtaL a'tO!!a aE YEt'tOVLXOV'; XWQOU'; ano 'to QoxaAlrtO aa,;;
3.
To Ouvmo QOXaAl]1:0 aa,; sEx(V1']aE ltQLV ano l'l'}v I')ALx(a ~OlV 30 E~WV;
4. PoxaAitE~E XaL Ol'l'}v ltQI')V~ BE01') ~ aXO!!1') XL omv xaSWtE; 5. La,; Xma~aMEt ltoAM,;
6.
An;oXOL!!LEmE, omv OEV xavC"tE ~Crcoca, ~ E(mE xaAaQo(;
7.
An;oxOL!!LEmE !!Eaa aE 5 AEma alto l'l'} mLY!!~ ltOU Ba saltAwaC"tE ~ aE ltEQLaamEQo XQovo;
8. 'EXE~E !!"MsEt ~ol'), AOyOll'l'}£ xovQa01')';, ~ouMXLCJ'tov !!La <poQa aE ~Qoxa(o aWXI')!!a;
9.
ALa8avEmE
'to
ltQOl(, !!E~a ~o SVltV1']!!a, xma~E~AI')!!EVO';
;taL XaLaXO.1tO~;
fLa xaOE Val lta(QvE~E 1 ~aO!!o. Av £XE~E auyxEvtQwaEL ALYO~EQO ano 4 ~aB!!ov,;, E(mE xma ltaaa JtLBavo~l')m Eva a~o!!o !!E aBwo QoxaAI')~o. Av EXE~E auyxEvtQUJaEL ltaVOl alto 5 ~aO!!ov£, ~OCE UltaQXEL I') amoAoYI')!!EV1'] ultmjJ(a on av~xECE ml')v 0llaoa ~OlV mOIlOlV !!E voal')Qo QoxaAI')~o.
TL O1')!!a(vEL 0!!0l£ "voal')Qo QoxaAI')~O"; nOLa OXE01') E-
°
XOUV !!EmSV 'tOu£ vwo£, 'to QoxaAI')~O XaL ~a ltQo~A~!!ma uYE(a£; nO~E Ba ltQEltEt va ava~l')~a xave(£ ~I')v LmQLx~ SEQa3tE(U;
fLa va !!"oQEaow 0!!0l£ va altavtl')Bovv aU~E£ OL EQw~aEL£, E(VaL avayxa(o va YVOlQitOU!!E !!EQLxa ltQawma EltlJtAEOV YLa 'tOY UYLELVO XaL oLa~aQaY!!EVO VltVO, XaL ~I') 01')!!LoUQy(a TuN BOQv~wv QoxaAI')~ov. Ela EltEX~aOOV!!E AOLlt6v A(YO ltaQaltavOl.
Ibtut't£Qu (Jt)~£lU ytU 'tOV unvo XUt 'to QOXUJ.t)'tO
o
avOQOlltO£ EXEL ltaQal'l'}Q~aEt alto m ltavaQXaLa XQOVLa 'tOY UYLELVO XaL OLmaQaY!!EVO VltVO, LOLa(~EQa ~a OVELQa, xan ltOU avtLxa'tOlt~QitE~aL Ol'l'} YAwaaa XaL mou£ !!1l80U£. KOL!!a!!aL (schlafen) al')!!a(VEt xaAaQwvOl (erschlaffen) XaL OL MsEt£ VltVO'; (Schlaf) XaL xaAaQO'; (schlaff) EXOUV l'l'}V (OLa AEX~LX~ ltQoEAEUal') (ml') YEQ!!aVLX~ yAwaaa). 0 aVO~OlltO£ ltAaYLaSEL mou,; xQo~a<pou,; (Schliife), alto ~ltOU !!lt0QOU!!E V~ aU!!"EQavoUIlE OTL OL ltQOYovo( !!a,; BEOlQouaav cr;'OLOAOYLXO 'tOY VltVO ml')v ltAdYLa BE01'). L'tOV VltVO OE xaAaQOlVouv 0!!0l'; ~a ltav~a, OltOl'; OL aValtVEUmLXo( ooo( ltOU EJtL'tQEltOUV ~ QO~ 'tOu aEQa altO XaL ltQO£ 'tOU£ ltVEV!!OVe,;, xa~a l'l'}V eXltV01') ,XaL ~I')V ELaJtVO~. AU~E£ OL a£Qo<poQOL OOO( XQELasov~aL xam l'l'} oLaQXELa 'tOu VltVOU !!La XaltOLa UltOm~QLSI'), wm£ va !!I') auYXOAAI')OOVV.
M1tOQEt KaVEt; va IlEtQtlUEl Kal va UUYKQtVEl tOV tl1tVO;
o
vwo,; OLEYELQE (~Ol') ltOAV VOlQ('; 'to £VOLU
°
°
17
16 'tOY £YXEqJCtAO'tOU av8Qwltov ltaQayOV'tat 1']AEXCQLXa Q£ullcu:a axo1l1'] Xat xcu:a 't1'] OLaQXELa 'tOU UltVOU, 'ta OltOLa iL1tOQOUV va xcu:aYQmpouv, £VW 1'] EV'taO'l] Xat 1'] auxvo't1']'ta 'tou<; E~aQ'tUlVtat Cl1t6 'to ~a80<; 'tou U1tVou. H xcu:aYQacptj amwv 'twv £YXECPaALXWv QEUIlmwv ovoll
o
Vltvo<; ow~a81-tct;Etm mou<; UYl£(<; EvljALx£<;, uvaAoya IlE 'to ~a80<; 'tOU, O£ OLUcpoQEtLXa ataOLu: 1;'t6.blO 1: Auto 'to maOLO aV'tLmOLXEC 01:0V EAmpQv Ultvo. Ot IlVE<; xaAaQwvow, acpuwo<; xm 1'] av=volj y(vovtm 0IlOLOIlOQCPOl xm 1'] 8EQlloxQaa(a tou OUllla'to<; It£cptEL.
°
1;,6.1110 2: To a'tOllo ltOU xOLlLatCll, aE umo to maOLo
~tJtOQE( va <;ultvljaa aXOIl'l xm alto £AacpQE(<; 80QuBou<;.
1;,6.1)10 3: Lf uuto to ltQUl'tO maoLo BaGv VltVOU, to a'tOllo ltOU xOLllatm iL1t0QE( va <;UltVljOEL I-t0VO Il£ta =0 Ouva'to OOQuBo. EOw, OL I-tVE<; xaAaQwvow "XOIl1']ltEQLaaOtEQo. H uva1tVolj y(vnm UXOIl1']1tLO OI-tOLOI-tOQ'P1'], OL xaQOLaxo( lmAI-t0( 1tLO UQYOL xm'l UQt1']QLuXlj It(EO'lltEcptEL.
1;,6.bw 4: LE auto
'to
maoLO, ltOU X"Qaxt'lQct;nm Ol<;
~aeu<; UltV()<;, iL1t0QE( XUVEL<; V" SUJtVljOEL ltOAV ovaxoA".
H uvaltvolj xm 'l xaQolaxlj AEL'tOuQy(a E(vm £V'tEAw; OIlOLOfloQ'PE<; xm 1'] 8£QI-t0xQuo,,, tou aWIlClTo<; flaulVEtm aQya, "XOfl1']ltEQLoaOtEQo. Tu maoL" 3 Xat 4 XUQUX't1']Q(~OV'taL aav "!'.£A'ta-Ultvo<;". Llj~lEQa, UltOoExollamE 0'tL OE uuta ta mciOLa 3 xm 4, Il£"tUBLljci~oV'tm 0't1'] flaxQoXQovLa flvljfl'l OL O'lflaV'tLXD-t£QE<; £V'tVltwaa<; UltO ta xuG1']flEQLva YEyovo'ta. H !!AAa1jJ'l BuGu uJtvou 001']yEf YL'''UtOV 'to 1.6yo Of O'I]I-tUV'ttXE<; OLClTCtQCtXE<; 't'l<; flvljfl1']<;, fiE ltVEUI-tClTLXlj xm aWfI"'tLxlj flE(wO'l] 't1']<; =6000'1]<;. REM-ultvo<;: Au'to'to mcioLO UltVOIl, ltOU avvljOw<; XCtQux't1']Qct;nm w<; OVEtQLXO<; Ultvo<;, EXEL Evav LOLU('tEQO QOAo. OVOflam'lxE EWL Ctlt6't1'] xaQ"x't1']QLmLxlj YQljyoQ1'] X(V'lO'l 'twv I-tCt'tLWV ltOIl ltaQa't1']QE(mt OE Ctu'to'to mcioLo ("YYAlxci: rapid eye movement) xm ltuQouOLa~EL mo 1']AEx'tQocyxECPCt),oYQacp1']l-tu xaflJtvAE<;, ltOU IlOLa~ouv fiE 't1']V xClTcimCtO'l CYQljyoQa1']<; xm xouQ"O'l<;, ltUQOAO ltOIl 'to ci'tOflO xOL~lci'tm maOEQ(i xm iL1t0Q£( V" <;UltVljOEL OUOXoAu. L'tOV REMVltVO, 'l CtQ't'lQLCtXlj It(W!], 'l XUQOLUXlj ouxv6't!]'tCt xm 'l CtVUltvolj E(vm UXCtV6VLmE<;, EVW EVEQYOltOLouV'tm OLacpoQa avmljfla'tCt tOU OQyavLal-t0u: mCt ocixwA" 'tWV XEQL<'JV xat'twv ltOOLWV XClTCtYQci'poV'tm UltO'tOflEC; XtvljOEL<;, mou<; ciV'tQE<; ltCtQa't'lQE(WL mUO'I] 'tOU JtEOU<; xm mL<; YWU(XE<; IlLCt CtUS'lflEV'l ml-tci'twa!] 'tou XoA£OU. Elt,O'I]C;, ltC1QClT!]QcC'tm I-lw yEVLXlj flu"iXlj x"AciQwa!].
18
19
v0O'rJQ6
qroOWAOYLY.6
BaS", 31 %
",",,0,
Lni&LO 1+2
87% 53%
Lla&w 3+4 1%
f
RoM 12%
ELK. 2 Mia vUXTa OTO EpyaoTIiPlo unvou: Kani TTl OlopKEla Evd, OKTOWPOU unvou, KaTOypo
* Lrj/L
TO'!!
Entp..: EEG
=:
HA.Elfl:QocyxEcpaAoygaCPllll(l
EMG = HAEY.1QolwoYQacp~~a EKG = HAEy.tQoxaQocoYQa
REM 16%
ELK. 3 n~l, 6Ia~a8~i(ovTQI OE noooonaiE, ~OVOOE, TO olo<popa OTIi5lU unvou, OE Eva OTO~O ~E voo~pd poxaAnTO (aploTEpO) KUl OE Eva uYIE, OUVO~nAIKO O1O~O nou KOI~liTUl (OE~IO): 010 O1O~O nou poxaAi(EI AEinEI OXEOOV 6A~ ~ <poo~ TOU ~a8u unvou.
Av V1tOAOY'OOUftE 't1'] ftEQ,oa 't(J)V sEX(J)QlmOlY mao,wv V1tVOU EVO£ UYLOV£ EV~Alxa xma 't1'] olaQXELa ~Ia£ vvX'ta£, 1tQoxvmEI'1 axoAov81'] Elxova: OE xmamao1'] EYQ~yoQo1]£ Xa! fta~, mo maolo 1 xmavaMlYE'ta! ftOVO 10 5%, 010 o'taoLo 2 1tEQiJl:OV 50%, ma maola 3 Xa! 4 fta~, 20-25% Xa! mov OVELQIXO V1tVO 20% lOU OVVOAIXOV XQavou V1tVOV (ELK 3). ME 'til ~0~8ELa atJ'tolv 'tWV ESE'taOE(J)V oiammol81lxE AOL1taV on V1tVO£ OEV ELVa! a1tM ~Ia xmamaoll '1QE~,a£ ~ avamoA~£ 'twv owftmlxolv AEllOUQYW)V, ana ftLa EVEQY1Jmaj SExovQaCJ1'] Yla OAOXAIlQO lOV oQyavLOfta. '01tW£ YVO)Qct;OV~E o~~EQa, au~ Il SEXOVQa0'l Sa 1tQE1tEI va 1tQuYftalO1tOLEl'ta! oV~qJwvu ftE EvtEAol; OUYXEXQL~EVE£ VOftOn:AELE<;, olon OLUqJoQE'tIXa, ftE 'tOY xfUQa 0llftELCllVOVta! AELtOVQYLXE£ OIm:UQaXE<; lOU ool~m:o<; XfU lOU cyxEqJaAou.
°
20
21
'H6r], 0 VYLij, 151tV0, E(VaL IlLa noM nEQlnAo>tr] OL(10L%(1O(a. QatOOO, (1%0~r] mo nEQlnAoX~, e(VaL OL OL(1·t(1Q(1XE, 10V, lL, ono(E, axollr] OEV Illt0QOVIlE V(1 n, d;r]yijoovIlE oAE, IlE aXQL~£l(1. H (1IlEQLX(1VL%ij E1aLQE(a Yl(1 n, OLm(1QuXE, 151tVov, nQolELVE IlL(1 oL(1~a8IlLOI'] (1mwv lWV OLm(1Q(1Xwv. EIle(, f1lt00EX61l(1atE 11']V (1%aAov81'] Ol(1~aGlllOl'] 11']t; XALVLXij, Mayo. Ano 11'] IlEyaAr] ollao(1
'tov "Dyssomnien",
:Jt01J flJ'tOQcL
va Ctl'tobo0d
OJ~ IIxa'X.6~
vnvo;",
EX0tJV OI']llao«1 YL(1 1l(1, OL (1%OAOVOE, 19EL, tJrtOO(l
1. OL "EOW1EQL%Et; OLm(1gaXEt; 10V 15nvov", anov 1a (1Ln(11r], OLm(1Q(1xij, 10U vnvov 8(1 ngEnEL v(11(11jJal;ovIlE atO LOLO 10 a1OIlO (EVOOYEVdC; OtaWII(1XiC; vnvov). 2.
L1Lt; "El;w1EgLX(, OLm(1g(1XEt; mv vnvov", onov 'VaxvovllE YL(11(1 (1Ln(1 EI;Ul (1no 10 chOIlO n,x. EnLog(101'] 80gv~ov, Xm(1VaAUlOr] OLvonvnJIlU1O" Aa811 clvmgocpij,.
3. OL I'lLm(1QaX(t; vnvov IlE f1cw~aAMf1~vo r]f1EgijOlO QvOll6 OL(1CPEgOtJV (1n01Lt; ngO(1VmpEgOf1EVE, atO 61L EOCD 1']oLaQXEL(110V vnvov E(vm pE~m(1 X(1VOVLXij, 0 vnvot; af1Wt; OEV (1QXU;EL 010 OUlatO XQovLx6 OI']Il£LO. To (18000 gOX(1Ar]16, nov OE OtJVOOEVEWL (1n6 oLaxonif, atr]v (1v(1nvoij xm IlE1a~OAE, 10V X(1QOL(1XOV Qv81l0v, OEV (1nmEAE( OLm(1Q(1xij 10V vnvov. AV1LElE1(1, 10 vOOl']Q6 QOX(1Ar]16, nov ovvOva~Elm IlE OL(1XOnE, 11'], (1v(1nvoij" )(mmaOOE1m mL, "EVOOYEVELt; oLmaQ(1XE, mv vnvou".
Tl elVQl ~.lla OlaKOnT'l avanvor'ic; r'i anVOla KOla TOV unvo; 'OnCllt; EXEL ijOr] (1vmpEQ8E(, xma 1r] o LaQ%EL(1 lOV vnvou 1'] nvunvoij OEV E(VaL naV101E XClVOVLXij. CH(1%OnE, 11'], (1V(1nvoije;, OLcil'%tLa, ALYCllV bEmEQOAEmUlV, LOL(1(1EQa omv
OVECQL%a vnvo bEV E(vm VOO1']l'Et;. Av OIlCllt; 01']IlELWVOVlm ava WQ(1 vnvov nEQLoo61EQEt; un6 5 OLaxonE, avanvoijc;, nov OL(1QXOVV navw ano 10 OEV1EQoAEn1a, 161E 0 YLmQat; IlLAa YL(1 naeOAOY""7 dnvota (=VOO1']Qij oLaxonij uV(1nvoijt;). AvmL OL (1QC81l0L LOXVOVV yca VEf1Qov, (10BEVE',. LE IlEY(1AV1EQE,' 1']ALX(EC; oc OL(1XOnEC; lr], (1v(1nvoijc; EIlCP(1vL~ov1m xanCll, OVXV6~EQ(1, XCllQL, OIlCll, (1m6 V(1nQ(nEL V(1 e(vm onCllooijnmE voo1']Q6. Qmaoo bEV (XEL X(180QLmEL IlEXQL 1(6Q(1 fLE aXQL~EL(1 n60EC; cpaoELC; anVOLat; ELvm ux6fcr] (10WEt; ij ijor] VOO1']gEt; onc; IlEYUAvlEgEt; 1']ALXLEC;. IU1QLxa, Ol(1Xl'LVEL xavECC; ovo 1l0QCPEC; anVOL(1C;, 11']V %EV1QL%ij xm 1r]V (1nocpQuxnxij anvoc(1. ME 10 QOX(1Ar]16 61lCllC; oxnU;E1m ~tOVO 1'] IlL(1 1l0QCPij, 01']AUOij r] (1nocpQaxnxij. KU1a l1']V air:o'PIIWm"l/ dnvota, vnagxovv ~(pmu OL VEVQtXE, WOEL, (1no 10 (1VanVEVonxo XEV1QO nQot; wvC; (1VCinVEvonxovC; Ilv" (1AAa bEV ELvm OCllata OVV10VLOIlEVEC;. Ano 11'] IlLa OC IlVEe; lOv mOllanxov cpagvyy(1 ELvm OE IlEyaAo ~(1e110 X(1A(1QO( %aL CPQa~otJV 11']V avoilEQ1'] aV(1J'tVEVOn%ij 066, uno 111V aAA1'] Ol IlVEC; 10V OWQ(1XL%OV 1OLxcil[lmoc; xm 11']C; xOLAtac; OVVEXU;OVV nc; avanVEvatL%E, 10V, XLVijOELC; xm llaALmu nLO EVlOV(1, 000 nEQLoo01EQO oLagXEL r] ocuxonij 11']C; uvunvoij,. L'umo, OE UVlijV 11'] 1l0[lcpij anVOlUC;, yw 11']V onOLa XVQlW, YlVEnll Aoyot; OE (1)to 10 ~L~ALO, IlHa 11']V anvOLU 01']IlLOUQyo15v1m nOAv OVVUWL OO[lvllOl QOXCiA1']tOV. Kma 11']V nOAv onUvL01E[l1'], "EVTII'''I/ dnvota OEV nQuylluwnOLEL1m OLEyE[101'] nov uvunvEvmLxwv IlVClJV uno 10 uvunVEVatLXO XEV1[l0 wv EyxEcpaAov. Kma ovvEnELu, OEV nCi[lm1']QEL1aL %UVEVCi Q£vIlU aliQu CJt1'] Ilv111 XaL to atalla, EVW EnLOI']t; OE 01']IlELWVOnm XLVijOELt; tov 8w[luXU XaL 10V OLUcp[laYIlUlOt;, nov EIl'PUVU;OV1aL ovvijOWt; xma 11'] OLaQ%ELU 11']; Econvoij, xm E%nvoijt;, OL UVW1E[lEt; avunVEvatLXEt; OOOl E(vm EAEvBE[lEt;. OL UOGEVELt; OE QoxaAU;ovv %m EnL01'], OEV nU[lovOlci~ovv XUIlLU atEVUlO1'] tuN aVW1EQOJV UE[lOCPOQWV OOWv. 0llwt; OE Ou uvucpEgBovllE nEQLCJOotEgo OE (1V1ijV 11']V a08EVELU.
Eow
22
23
Tt ELVat 'to mlvl)QOltO aJtOIJlQall'ttll1]S VJtVtll1]S uJtVOtas; * ESEALOOE~aL EVU, gu0I1LmLXO, XUXAO,:
mEVUlCll] 'f0 <paguyyu I xuMgUlCll] ~UlV I1UooV UUSI'] I1EVI'] U~LmUCll] uvunv01j,
•
UUsavnaL I'] unonLECll] ml'] BUlgUXLXt] xOLM~m
4-
I'] uvuggO'P'1Cll] ~UlV nVEUf!OVUlV YLVE~aL E~ovmEgl']
.
IIo'tE ELVat EJttllLVlivVES OL IilalloJtis '(1)S avaJtvo1]S yta 'to u'tOltO JtOV lIOLltU'tat; OL oLuxonE, ,~d uvunvot]£ ELVU,L EmxLvouv~£ ~O~E, o;uv I1ELwvnaL I'] O1!YXEv/gUlOI'] cou osuyovou mo aLl1U XaL E~OL ngoxuAOU~aL I1E~uBoAE£ ~, XUQIiLUXt]£ O1!xvo~l']m£, OI']AUOtj I'] xugliLa x~una mo uQya t] mo ygt]yogu. Av OI']I1ELooVO~aL EnL oElQa nwv ~ECOLE, VOOl']gE£ IiluxonE£ ~I']£ uvunvot]£ xu~a ~ oLagxElu cou unvou, 111t0gEL vu olil']yl']8ouI1E OE UUSI']Cll] ~I']£ nLWI']£ ~V nVEUl1ovlXt] XUXAO
UUSaVE~aL I'] QOt] cou UVU1tVEOI1EVOU UEgu
..,
nAtjgl'], U1tOXAEL0I10, "1£ uvoo~Egl'], UEQO
•+
I1ELoovnaL I'] O1!YXE~gUlCll] ~ou 0SUYOVOU mo ULI1U
. *
OL xUgOtaXOL nUAI10L YLVO~aL mo UgYOL o EyXE
Tl elVQl TO aUVop0l-I0 Tile; anocppaKTlKfje; clnVOlae; KQTcl TOV unvo; Av nUQu~I']QOUV~aL uva wgu co ALyO~EgO OEXU VOClljgE£ oLuxonE£ ~£ uvunvot]£ (=anvOLu), nou ouvliua~ovmL UVUAOyu IlE I1E~u~oM£ WU XUglilUXOU Qu81l0u 'tal moool'] ~I']£ auYXE~gUlOI']£ wu osuyovou ow ULIlU, ~mE IlLMIlE YlU co f!1JvoQO/lO r1]C; anoCfJQwmxljr; anVOtar; xara roy vnvo. AUTt] I'] EVVOLU 1:UU~~E~aL I1E W vooTJQ6 Qoxa}..1jr6.
unEAEu8EgwvEmL UOEVUALV1'] (ogI10V1'] EnELYouCll]£ uvayxl']£)
•
uusavEmL I'] xUgOLUXt] O1!xvo~l']~u
* +
I'] ~aCll] ~UlV l1uwv mo <paguyyu uusavEmL suva UVOLYEL I'] uvmEgl'] UEgO
* '--;;T'""ta--up-'-m-w"'p-mJa JtQOXUI.EC tl rutVOLU wr.6 a.Jt6CPQa~111Tj£" UEQOq')()Qou 0&013 xatci 'tOY 'tirtVO
MJtoQ£L aJto 'to aOroo QoXaA1)'to va JtQOllA1)OEt vO(J1)QoQoxaA1)'to;
o huM£ vEugoMyo£ Lugaresi oLu~unUloE co 1975 1:l']v Un08ECllj, ott uval1wu mo u8wo, EUXaLglUXO gOXUAI']~O XaL mo vOClljgo QOXUAI']~O, nou olmCllj cou QOXUAI']COU. YnEu8uvl'] XaL YLU ~u bUo ELVaL I'] LOLU I'] voooyovo£ ~MB1']. Kuca miou m8uvo~1']m, nQoxEl~aL YLU IilUCUQUXt] 1:1']£ UUTOI1UCI']£ xu8oot]yI']01']£ ~£ uvunvot]£ uno cov EYXE
25
24
£V1:WflC"taStJ arro flLa OELQa Emm1']flOVLXWV EQE1)VWV. IIL8avo1:ma OW])e; lOXtJEL flOVO YLa aTOfla rr01) rra(01)ma~o1JV 01)vmo QoxaA1']1:0, 1j01'] m1']v 11ALx(a flEWSV 20-30 ETWV. OL rrEQLoooTEQOL av8QwrroL, rr01) aQXa(01)V va QoxaAa;01JV flETa T11v 1']ALx(a TWV 40 £TWV, rraQaflEV01JV avaflcp(~oAa YLa TO 1)rroAoLrro 1:1']e; ~wlje; TOUe;, aTOfla flE a8wo Qoxaj:111:0 (flE 1:1']v LmQLxlj EvvOla).
-+,.:2"./--
lImS' Xat nov nQOXUAEltat to QOXUATJt6;
TOlxwflma Myw T1']e; YQljYOQ11e; Qolje; T01) ctVarrv£oflEVOtl aEQa. IIQaYfla1:Lxo QoxaA1']1:0 rraQm1']Q£lTat flOVO mov vrrvo, rraQoAo rr01) flrroQE( xav£(e; Xat fIE T1'] 8EA1']01j 1:0tl va rrQoxaA£oEL 80(1)~O QOXCtA1']TOV, TOOO xma T11v avarrvoJj arro TO mOfla, 000 Xat arro T1'] flV1:1']. To QOXClA1']TO 61']flLOtlQYE(wL X1)QlWe; xma T1']V Elorrvolj, EVW O£ fl£QLXOlie; uv0Qcimotle; ClxOfll] Xat xma T1']V £xrrvolj. 0 av8Qwrroe; QOXUAa;EL, owv rraQaxwAVETat 11 QLVLXI] Clvarrvolj OE TETOLO ~a()l-Lo, wmE Vcl fl11v maQxE( arro flOVI] TI]e; YLa T1']V rrQoOA1']1/J1] uEQa Xat va rrQErrEl va OOOE( [3olj8ElCl Clrro T1']V avarrvolj flEOO) TOU mOflUTOe;. To Cl8wo QOXClA1']TO rrQoxaAE(wL Clrro 1:Le; OOVJjOELe; T1']e; macpuAJje; Xat TO]v Y£LTDVLX(J)V Tfll]flaw)v T'le; flaAuXlje; tlrrEQWCle;, xma T1'] Qolj T01) ClvarrvEOflEVOtl aEQu arro TO oTOflmLx6 cpaQtlyya (ELK 4). To VOOljQo QOXClAlj1:0 rrQoxaArlwL Err(01']C;, xma xavova flE TOV (OLO TQorro. 8a rrQErrEL Vcl olaxwQ(ootlflE Eva 06Qu~0 mEv(J)Ol]e;, rrou xaQaXT1']Qa;ETat arro TOtle; YlmQOUe; Ole; aVQlY/IO,. Am6; 0 00Qu~oe; rrClQClT11QElWL OE av,CBwlj flE TO QOX(lA1']T6 Xat ml]v xmamao1'] acpurrVLOlje; Xat rrQoxaAElwL MY(J) 1:l]e; mEv(J)Olje; rrou urraQXEl avaflwa OTO cpaQuyyu Xat 1:0U; rrvEuflov£e;, 01]AUOIj OE ~a8uTEQo m(rr£oo arro O,Tl mo QoxaA1']T6.
ll-Illl-J.-I---
~aOl] "% YA",aacx,
+-1--""'---
MQU'Y'Ycx,
xam) yva8o£ -~~~~ :
To QoxaA1']1:0 £(Vat Evae; aVarrVEtlOnXOe; 80Qtl~0e;, rr01) Y(VETat EvxoAa aV1:LA1']mOe; Xat rrQoxvmEL, oTav mEvEuEL 1'] aVW1:EQ1l aVarrVEtlO1:Lxlj 060e; Xat OOVOVVTat Ta flaAaxa 1:1']£
~aMJ.x~ Ul"tEQ",a
Gf--...J-.-_-=:O_-- TQCXXECCX
L----'~.
_ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _L _ _ ' __
__'__
___"
E(K. 4 2XI]~OTlKn 11oplioTUOn TWV OVWTEPWV KUl KUTWTEPWV o£pocpopwv 06wv. To POXOAI]TO 110POY£TOl OTO OTO~OTlKO cpopuyyo. OTl]V 11£plOXn TI]<; ~OAOKn<; U11£PWO<; KOl 11iow 0110 TI] ~dol] TI]<; yAWOOO<;.
86Qu~0l QOXUAl]TOU Xat arrocpQClxTLxlj arrvOla AClfl~a V01)V XWQCl OTljV rrEQLoxlj mOflCl-cpa(1)YYCle; Xat AOYW I-LlCle; 6LcrmQClxJje; mlj QVGflLOI] ClvtiflwCl mov eyxECPClAo xat TU ClVclrrvEumLxti OQYUVCl. AmI] lj QUGflLOlj CpQOVTa;EL ClmoflClw yLCl flLa LXClVOrrOL111:Lxa fleyaAlj xat mu8£QIj OLClTOfllj TOlV avwT£QOlV Cl£QOCPOQ(J)v oowv, xmti TI] oLaQx£LCl T01) urrvou. I'>.E yvwQa;(1)flE YLm( xat rrwe; oLmClQaoOETat ClUTOe; 0 Qu8flLmLXOe; xuxAoe;, ClAM SEQOUflE flEQLXOUe; rrClQtiYOVTEe; LmClQaXI]e;, T01Je; orro(oue; 8a cl;£TtiOO1JflE aQy6TEQCl.
o
26 2:E Eva rj ltEQloo6-tEQa OI]f-lECa TIle; aVoYtEQI']e; aEQo
TO~E, alto ~I'] 1\6VI']OI'] ~OOV f-laAaxolv f-loQCoov mo
27
otaxonrf r:rJC; avanv01/c;). Av"j rJ otaxomj r:rJC; avanvOIjc;, xma xavova r:deufJVEt flE {val' EXQrJxnxo 8oQvf3o QoXaArJrou, onoTE o aaliEvrjc; xma xanotov r:Qono t;vnVaEt. H mEvooOI'] TIle; aVol~EQI']e; aEQo<poQOlJ ooou, ltOlJ ltQoxaAEC w QoxaAI']~O, f-lltOQEL va EXEl E<prjf-lEQO rj olaQxrj xaQax~rjQa. E<prjf-lEQI'] ECval XUBE mEvoool'], ltOlJ ltQoxaAEC'taL f-lEOoo TIle; xaAaQooOI]e; 'toov f-lIJolV, xa'tu wv Ultvo. E<pr]f-lEQEe; mEvoloEle; f-lltoQouv va ltQoXAI']80uv mLOI]e; XaL Myoo EVOe; Olorjf-lU'tOe; ~OlJ QLVlXOU ~AEvvOy6volJ, 6ltooe; ltaQU'tI']QECml oe
2:E 1\lUQXrj mEvooOI'] eltLOI]e;, f-lltOQEC va ~QLOXO~aL Ol aVol~EQEe; aEQo<poQOl OOOL f-lEOoo EvaltoBEOI]e; ALltOlJe;, 6m",;
ElK. 5 To~1i 5lu~Eaou TT]~ uvtim;pn~ UEPO
ltaQOlJOlUSOlJV Ol lJltEQBaQol ao8EveCe;. AlJt\) 'to ALttOe; UltoOI']XEUE~aL XlJQLWe; ml'] f-laAaxrj lJltEQola, avul-lEOa mOlJe; 1-1"<; ttl'; YAolooae; XaL mo AaLI-IO.
29
28 140 rtU1:i QOJ(aAi~EIl(aVEi~ :rtEQI!J!J6uQo 6tav ~Qi!Jl(etal !Jt1]V v:rttta O€!J1];
130
~++i*H-H--t--H-ttfHt--tlttmtr--120
Bu01ltEQU "OLIlatUL "UVEL" tOOo nEQWOOtE(lO XUAUQWVOlJV Ol LOtaL, EVW EnLOy), "uta tY) Ola(lXELU tav llnVOV, EAUttWVEtUL XUL Y) ,aay) twv [.lVWv tWV uvunVEVatlXWV OOWv. EOLo nUL<;EL LOlULtEQO (lOAO 0 [.lEYaAo, [.lv, Ty), YAQlOOU" 0 onOLO, aty)V llmlU GEoy) nS(pTEL nLOW, nQo, TYJ onOVOVALX~ at~AYJ XUL EWL atEVEllEL TY) IilUTO[.l~ Ty), UEQO
'HoY) OE VYl!j aTO[.lU, "uta TY) Arj1jlYJ tY), llmLUS 8EOy)" uv,rj Y) OWTO[.l!j atEVEllEl xutci 20%, fXOlJV OELSEl [.lETQ!jOEl, IlE nOAll a1lYX(lovu IlY)XUV!jllutU IlE'QY)Oy)'. LE aTO[.lU nov (lOXUAL<;01JV 0IlW" lOlULTE(lU IlE tYJ vooYJ(llj 1l0(l
onw,
naTl "adOVTQl Ol TOlXOl" ano Il£PlKCt CtTOlla nou pOXaA(~ouv; LE unOOTUoy) lOcK uno TO mO[.lU, DEV IlnOQEL nMov V(' UXOllaEL XUVEL, TYJV ljavxY) uvunvolj. Kuta TY)V Clanvolj, cnlTvyxaVOVtL1L cVTaOEl, ljxov, LaE, [.lE 25 Dezibel, EVQl "uta 1:Y)v cxnvolj nE(lLnOU 8 Dezibel AlyOTEQO. OL uvunVEVatlXOL BOQvBOl "ma TOV vnvo, EXovv EVwoY) 1tIi(llnOV 15 Dezibel XL1L ETOl ElVL1L mo OlYUVOL XUL uno TO 0g6LOilU TWV
* :£17/1· TOV Emf/..: Dezibel (ycQ~tavl,x.ci), Decibel (ayyAtxci) :::: Movciba aliYY"Q!.011£ llETa~u t(j)V mEGEWV bU~ iixwv.
o 11111
-10 10
50
100
500 1000
5000 10000
0'U'Xv6tTl'tU Hz
ELK. 6 EVToaEl~ lixou Kat auXV6TYJTE~ KaTO TO o8wo pOXOA~TO (A) Kat KaTO TO voa~p6 pOXOA~T6 (B), !lOU exouv ~ETp~8EI DE aXEa~ W: OAAOU~ 8opu~ou~.
EQYUatljQLO vnvov, TLIlE, 1t<XVW uno 90 DezibeL ~v,1j E~vm Y) EVTUOYJ TOV ljxov EVO, OlEQXO[.lEVOV <poQtY)yov Y) Y) IlEYlat~ EVTuoy) EVO, atEgEOlpWVLXOll oVYX(lOTljllutO, 50 Watt!. Ano
30
31
MErEem:
o 80Qt!Bot; TOV QOXUA'lTOU U)"tUQ"tCi;E"taL, o)"tWt; OAOL OL '1XOL, U)"to OLu<poQEnXOUt;, IlEIlOVWIlEVOt!t; "tOVOVt;. OL XUIl'lM"I.'Et; oVXVO~"tEt; )"tov )"tEQLEXOV"taL 0' uv"tOUt;,
soe
1688
eue
asu
~YXNOTHTA
ELK. 7 'Eva<; QVQAUTli~ 8opu~wv OEiXVEI TPEI, OIQKOnE, QvonVOn, ~E 0~0I0~OP
aGee
4908
6eoo
~YXNOTHTA
eu.
ueee
(Hz)
ELK. 8 "Evo, OVOAUTn, 80pu~wv oEiXVEI ~STd and ~IO OIOKonn Tn, OVOnvan, (~npaOTa), nOAAE, tpaOEI, ovonvon, ~E TOV OKOVOVIOTO OUVOTO 8opu~0 EVO, QTo~au ~E vaonpo paXOAnTO.
32 ____________________________________
-------------------------------~ ~QL01tOVtm OC avnjv tl'] xafll']A~ ncQLOX~ OVXVOt~t<JlV, nQaYfla
nov OI']f'aLV£L OtL tOtE S£1tLV01)V va avanaAAOvtm. 'EtaL ES'1yc(tm ano tl'j VOL1t~ amo nov nEQLYQacpEL 1taVEL<=; O'tl'jV 1ta()l']flEQLV~ YAeDOOa, AEYOvta<=; "flE 10 QoxaAl']tO OELOvtaL OL
"·~ltlm01£; nA'lQOCPOQLE<:; YLa to pa0f'o oofoaQotl)ta; toU vo-
'''I(lOU QoxaA1']toU, '1 1tutuYQacp~ t1]£ 1tuQOLa1t~; OUxvOt!)ta£ ;ow 0 1toQWft0; tou UL~tatO; ftE ol;uyovo, 010 £QyaOt~QLo IIJ1:V()'U.
TO LXOLH.
EnELO~ ta avtLa f'a<=; OEV cLVaL EvaLoOl'jta O1OV<=; Xaf'l'jA01'<=; tOVOU<=;, a1t01'f'E ~LOVO tOU<=; aV(J)tEQOU<=; tOVOU<=; tOU QoxaAl'jWV. LTO a8eDo QoxaA'1to, OL aVlOtEQOl tOVOL onaVLa SErtEQVOVV OUXVot1']tE<=; tlJlV 500 Hz. n' auto w AOYO, OL OOQu~OL wu a()eDou QoxaA'1Wv YLVOvtaL CIlo8'1tOL ano to aUtL f'a<=;, 1tuta 1tavava lJl<=; aQf'ovl1toL LW vOO1']Qa QoxaA'1ta avtL8na, EmtuyxaVOVtCll nOAV U'~'1AOtEQE<=; OUxvlh1']"tc<=;, f'EXQL 1500 Hz nEQLnou. Tov ~Xo auwv "tOll QoxaA'1"tOv "tOY aLo0avof'aO'tc nOAv mo EVtOVO 1tCll YL'ama nOAv mo EVOXA'1tL1tO.
EmnAEov, I'] a1to~ f'a<=; EXELtl'jV LOLa"t'1ta va 01JV1']0LI;EL OE 80QV~Oll<=;, nou Ef'cpavCi;ovtCll OE 1taVOVL1ta XQoVL1ta oLa01~f'a
ta 1taL f'OLal;o1JV f'EtaSU "tOll<=;. OL aOellOL 0oQufoOL QoxaA1']"tOv naQayovtm 0't0 QllOflO t1']<=; avanvEu01L1t~<=; QO~<=; XaL ELVaL 0f'0LoflOQCPOL. n'aUta, "tOU<=; ouv1']GCi;ouf'c OXctLXU EV1tOAa 1taL f'aAL01a f'a<=; ano1tOLf'Ci;EL aUt~ 1'] "~LL1tQ~ V1JXtEQLV~ f'OUOL1t~" "tOU auvtQacpou fla<=;, nou QoxaACi;EL owv vnvo tou. NOO1']QOL OOQU0OL QoxaA1']tou nQo1tumo1JV aVt(8Ew OE a1taVOvL01a XQOVL1tU OLa01~~Lata 1taL ELVaL noAV OlacPOQEtL1tOL, OE O,tL acpoQa o1ov ~Xo. 0 flEYCOW E1tQ1']1ttL1tO; xaQaxt~Qa<=; "tOU<:;, fllt0QEL va naQofloLa01EL flE tOY tVf'navLOflo tOU Haydn Ot'l "LUflCplJlVLa flE tU~LnaVLof'Ou<:;". fL'aUtO, nQ01taAOUV ouxva to SunV1']fla "tOU auVtQocpou o1ov unvo, onoLo; £1ttO£ lmo amo fOQL01tEtaL 1tCll OE flca OLaQ1t~ EYQ~yOQ0'1 A6yel tCtlV av'1OUX'ltL1teDV, f'EYUACtlV OLa1tOneDV avanvo~<=; tOU ut0ft0u flE v00'lQo QoxaA'1 to .
°
MnoQouflc AOLnov, f'0VO ano tl'jV avuAllo1'] tCtlV GOQuPiJlV tOu QoXaA'ltOU, va XUVOUftE t'1 ocuxQLO'l avuf'wa
lloJ(; e1;U:rtAoJVEtUl to u6oJO XaL VOOfJQ6 Qo)(uAfJt6; AUt~ '1 EQ(Dt1']O'1 f'EXQL O~~l£QU JlnoQtL Vll unuVt1']8£L Il6vo f'£ E1ttlft~OEL£, En£cO~ y,aVEL; licv fllt0QcL vu d;naaEL ZLALUO£<:; lxv80lDnou<:; yLCt IlEQl1t(; VUXtE<:;, mo EQyUOt~QLO ,;Jtvou. Kut[ t(mtO flu *C'V 6~,OJ; uvuyxalo, YLa va 1tmU
Tu nCllO!(X QoxuACi;ouv mo auxvu,
°
LtnUe; EV~ALXE<:; OL (JUV()~XE<:; ElVaL 1tUJtCll<:; TtLO Jt£QlJti,oXEe;. M£AE"tE<:; ami Hlv hUAL(', t!) LvAUVO(U, toy KuvuOa 1tUL 'tTJv rexmovLa, EXOUV OECi;EL Ott to QOXUA1']tO ELvm EVU nUQu JtOAU OlUOC00f'EVlJ (pmVO~lEvO, Jtov ccv EXcL UJtAU 1tnt fLOVO
34
35
EVOXA1']nXE£ EmIiQuOEL£ OTO 1'EQL~UAAOV, aAAU xm YLa 'to U'to110 1'OU QOXaAU;EL EXEL OWE1'ELE£ OT1']V uyrCa 'toU, OE o;n acpOQU OTO XaQIiLOXUXAO
90
--'Avo!)"
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
o
fuvuixES
iii
i
I
I
I
i
I
Iii
Iii
i
I
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Jahre
ElK. 9 H aUXVOT1]TQ TaU pOXQAntou ane; 5ui'llOpe<; nAlKie<; yla QVTpe<; KQl yuvaiKe<;, au~~wva ~e Ta anOTeAta~QTa TaU Lugaresi and T1]v MnOAOVlQ.
10% TOlV avoQolv xm ALYOtEQO a1'o 'to 5% tOlV ywmxolv, OT'lv qALxLa tOlV E~ljvta EOl£ E~IjVta 1'EvtE HolV, avvavtu xavEL£ JtEQLOOOTEQO a1'o 'to 60% tOlV avoQolv xm 1'EQL1t01J 40% 'tOlV YlJVmxolv Ol£ u'tOlla IlE XQOVLQ QoxaA'1to. natL au~uvE'tm to QOXaA'ltO IlE "1V 1'uQOOO 10'1£ '1ALXLae; hEY Il1t0Q£L va 'to E~'1yIjOEL xaVELe; IlEXQL tolQa. fVOlQU;OUIlE ItuALOTa on IlE '11'] yljQav01'] 0 AUQ1Jyyae; I1ETaxLVELtm 1'Qoe; 'ta XU'tOl, '1 IlU'(xlj 'tu01'] IlELolVEtm, 01'0le; mL01']e; xm 0 aQL81l0e; 'tOlV EAamLX(OV LVolV OTa 'tOLXolllaw 'tov cpaQvYYLxoll OOlAljva. 'OAa (tutu 01l0le; OEV E1'aQXOvv yLa va E~'lyIjOOUIlE tOY 1'aQuyovw "TlAtX.(U", :ltOV £UVOEL'tO QOXUAT}'tO.
OL 1'EQLOOOtEQOL a1'o 'tOve; E~EtatoIlEVOVe; 0'1'J IlEAEt'l 'toU Lugaresi, avljxouv m'1v 0lluoa TOlV atOI1OlV IlE a8olo QOXaA'ltO. 'ATolla IlE VOO'lQO QoxaA1']tO, O'1Aaolj ao8EVELe; IlE criivllQOIlO a1'O
'DAAndQd> nOl Dn(1)X)Ol 0180)110 010 Q11nno~D ~Doo(!JyA ~lu ~OQ8 ~ (!JA3 'lOlA -O)})l1nnO lO~ DAAnd9Y 01 ~Od11 A00C;\~X0801ll0 ~ynd>Dlo lu 3n ))Dn D(!Jd311n ~~OYDn H : (Qlj3Q) 91~YDXod 9d~00A 3n OnOlQ 30 'DAAndQd> 9~llDnOlO OlD A(1)lQn(1)XlDl A(1)l ~~0(1)11ln00 ~nOd~Y11 Dl3~dQ1Q lu Q1D~ lO~ (Qd310ldD) ~~01A1l0d>D lJODlOQ1D~ 30 ~~OA11DAD ~~~lAld ~lu DmdQ1Q lu Q1D> '00QO nod9d>od3D ~~d31(!JAD ~lu n003nDlQ ~nOl O~'~lj
~
~
'mi)n OlD 'It,\)ynA3agrJ 'Sl.txA!)An CW'XP'X3 M91ioo I.t 11)13A)0"X3 '01015'1 l'P" )39,illD AV ')oriyn1£ )oxmgorJx 10 11)lAOA(t9rJOII -11£3 rJXrJOgAp nOl nO)913~019 tlOOlalA5'xAclO' I.tA3ri9An~'UJ 3JAJ 'nri)n OlD nXXlOeA,) nOl 'WJ
5)O(l)X 'Solnri]l:) rtOl OA9)...rt~O OllXJ~3i\\D'{TJi\D1n'){ '~OQO 5~X11J.lil:JAJ1 -1)ArJ slll 59riD13YXUl£n sltO~Y1£ SXlA? lYJl3ApXAnl11rJ <\I'l{}
:;nt1:L30odl1l1Q 1'DlA(torhox 91U'fOXOO 90UDOA 3rl1lrl01Y 1lJ, 'S91iD13yx01£1) SUil\tY1£ SnAil lX scnrl91X9 'nAAnopo) ClO1 ltDU)Ajll0 n11i O'\lr(t Wi pmx )3l1uol.tmilx)1£ XlA Xl11)IJ?\J )3001£ri '91ltynXoil o,oon 3ri nri()1!) 3D lDX S,nenx '1ll1A(tOrilOX n01£ miOll) \tlAn 33: '(01 'X1 t r) \"'90 S~Xll.J.)Cl3A1£nAn Stll !.t~'Oi'ldJ9u'O Xllli mA 5)3,\1)( \)Ylli UOU)11£)a31£ AUl A~lnn 3D ',:>XlOW] '(ACDlpriCI)X10l Aml ltD -ullurl\lO Sl.til~y1£=) Scnpy31 AnODDl)ocbo1£n Am m'" So,m (t~n131i ACW~"l()Uy1£ nmri91X10l 0,01 ,:>xn'{mi m 'nAAnopcb nO,l ))ri~ril 01 \>lCUJ 30 'OlOV OAjllil0X3xAno nA) )3,1031£n 1.t(3)1£01£rtU AV 'nAAno!)y ,Wl 0900)3 AUllDX "9,il31£rt ~xnYXlri ltw n03ri""" )1)13)(0)0IJ :,:>xllio1llAXl )30U1300'l\]O nA )30 -01£ri ~X01031£ U ~lClV 'S13(9)(JOcJmQ SeX11"lcJlt1001£ct 53,\10gA9X ~ 531\19100 'SPon1£ mA )3ilourl rt01£ 'ltAm"jl 009" ,nq3 lX)'\J3 uoLtcbqcJa",,)) H 'noeri Xli SOil1£ (togo rtoil90)00 -3Xl SUcJ31,o"n Slll nmri,oX101 m 13vgnill nri(t3o S'X11Ort3AU1)AXl o031~Xnl 01 'scori9 S~X1f)rt(ll sltl oli9'\ \1x1f)n~ 1)") 3ri n,\(1ld)ri(t3: 'n031(tXnl13}0 nA 131£5'01£ XlH Snop)) sOA3riq3"UDl3 0 ~l1rtn,lJ 'OA,'OX O1CI) >\010 nO)Xl nlltlS)OO1£ 1))9) AUl ArtOgpYOOO1£ ))A mA 'U03)1£01£ct 1.t031\1yl.tcltrt 31i "0)1) o"31iq3A1£))"" "01 Moo~dlOO -a01£)) "" 131£)01£ no s3>\oli(t3A1£ 10 'Sq90 \tX11Ort3AUnMl U130}li "3 13<1t9A3lD 13X} "V 'SUm)1£01£ct S))lri [oA9Y 'S3"Ori(t3A1£ srt01 91£D HllpcbooOO1£)) SnO}1l SO"3ri93A1£1lM) 0 1D" Sllopl S~Xl,rtri S1))01£PX SmTI OWeri 'O"U(t (tt)ng OlD 11)l( I.tri9"n ~lX10"n lX)1 -)30Ullllg Sqqo s0(90)003n 1.t0319JAn It 'nrI01~l ~lArt Xli3: :01\:U~
1\01 y1DX (to"{X~X ~OXllD1TI9(to (tOI\.5lTIADOm,mq 591\3 ma:U.5lI\(t::I - 91lt"{DXOd
98
39
38
yta va EltLmXUVEt I;ava mv, xaQOLaxou, ltaAllou,. Taut0XQova, EyxEcpaAo, ltAt]QOCPOQEL-taL YLa TIlv EMELtjlt] oSvyovov. TmE, aQxil;Et altO mv EyxEcpaAo IlLa acpvJtVLcrtLxlj avtCbQaOtj, ltov I;vltva ,0 amllO ltOV XOLlla'aL ,000, olcrtE t] ,aOtj ,o]v Ilvolv va maQXEl sava YLa TIl 006.VOLI;t] TIl, avaJtVEvcrtLxlj, oooU. 0 a00EVlj, OE av,ljv ,t]v ltEQlmOlOt] I;vltvaEt EvtEAol" Ilovaxa OltaVLa, olcrtE va Ilt]v avtLAaIlBaVE,aL xav TIl llE"taBaAAOI-tEVtj XaL oLmaQaYIlEVtj xmacrtaOtj ,OV uJtVOV mv. ~E avt(0EOtj I-tE auta, a08Evlj, OWELOt]mltOLEC aME, VOOtjQE<; lloQcpe, ,00V avvmE""v mv UltVOV mv, OltOl, TIlv aVSt]IlEVtj ,aOtj ,OV va altOXOLl.lt]OEl, xma TIl OLaQXEta TIl, t]IlEQa<; XaL mv OLaQXov" V1JXtEQLVoU SVJtvl]llmo, ,avo
°
°
°
Qcrtooo, mav I;vltvaEt a08Evlj, IlE CiJtvoLa, xma TIl o06.QXELa TIl<; vUXta" auto avl-t~aCvEt crto ,EAO, TIl, OEU,EQt]<; olQa<; mv vvX,EllLVOU UltVov. Q, avVDOEVtLXa OVlllt"tcollam av,lj<; tt], acpUltvOOlj, xmovollal;ovtm, IlEQLXE<; cpOQE, IlclVO, I) OUOltVOLa xm t] a(081)Otj JtVLYllOu, EVol avt(0Ew avXVOtEQa, to ltallaAljllt]lla TIl£ xalloLa£, Eva aCa81)lla ltCEOtj<; ltaVOl crtt]V xaQoLa, xaQoLaxE, EXWX"tE, avcrtOAE£, XaL t] av~t]IlEVtj EcpCOQOlOtj. NtoYEvllatLvlj xmavaAOlOtj OLvoJtVEullmo£ xm Aljtjlt] t]llEIlLcrtLxolV cpaQilaXOlV, xa8ol, XaL cpAEYIlOVE, tWV aEQocpollOlV oOolv, avsavow TIlV acpvltVOOtLxlj avtCoQaOtj, ltOV ltllOXaAECtm alto TIlv CiJtvOLa.
BtELOlj avll~aLvow tEtOLE, altocpQal;Et£ tOlV CiValtVCVcrtLxolv oOolv, ltOME, EXmOvtaOE£ CPOllE, xma TIl oLaQXELCi TIl, VVXw" yLvEtaL xmCivot]tcl YLm( OL Ci08EVEL, I-tE CiJtVOLCi, IlE ,0 OLCiQXE, OXEli6v l;uJtVt]IlCi OEV EltLtvyxavow OXEli6v XCiOO).OV m crtaOLo ,ov ~Ci8u uJtVov xm m mOIlEVO JtllOJLVO E(VaL EvtEAc1l, XCiWJtOVtjIlEVOL. A08EVE(<; AoIJtOV IlE CiJtocPllCiXtLXlj Otaxo:n:lj TIl£ avaJtVolj, EXOW OJ£ XUllLCi EVOEtSt] TIl, CiOOEVELa, tov<;, EXtO, altO to JtOAUXQOVO QOXCiAt]tO xm I-tLCi, IlE m JtEllCiOIlCi tOV XllOvov,
«VI;t]IlEVtj, XCiQaXTIlQLcrtLxlj xoJtwOtj xma TIlv t]IlElla.
H bLCillXc1l, IlELOlIlEVt] OVYXEV"tQOJOt] OI;VYoVOV atO Ci(IlCi, OO1]YEC EJtIJtAEOV OE IlLa V1Vt]Alj JtLEOtj crtt]v JtVEVlloVLXlj XVXAO'pollLa XaL OE IlLCi CivEJtallxELa ,t]£ oEI;La£ xCiQoLa,. ~tt]v 0llaoCi mOIlOlV IlE VOOt]110 QOXCiAt]'o 0IlW" Jtallmt]Qlj8t]xE Elt(Otj£ vtjlt]Alj Cillt1]QLCiXlj Jt(wt] "tOV a(llmo, xCi8ol, xm IlLCi CiVI;1]IlEVll ,aot] yLCi eyXECPCiALXO EJtELoollLo.
41
IIuQuyoVtE; rtou EUVOOUV to QOXUA:'1tO
-EXEL ~61'] E1tl01'jf.tc;v8E( 0 1tl8uvo; QOAO; T«)V YVVaLXE(WV OEt;OUC1ALXWV OQI-l0VWV W; nQocp11AUXtLXO; nUQayoV'tc;; U1tEVUV'tL OTO QOXUA1']to, 'EX01JV E1tlXElQ1']8EL l-laAlOTU XaL 8EQU1tE11nx(; nQoonaOELE; flE 81']A11x£; OQflOVE<;, OTO crUVOQOI-lO "1']; U1tOCPQC;XtLX~;
HALlda ~W11<; nUQaYOVTE<; nou E1JVOOVV 'to QOXCIA1']'tO UV~XEL uvuwpLBoAu 1']1']Alx(u, nUQoAo nou [1EXQL O~[1EQU OE yvwQCl;ou[1E nOlU SEXWQLOTa OTOlXE(Cl o(VOUV W unO'tEAEol-lu: E(VaL Ol OQI-l~VLXE<; [1EwBoAE<;, 1'] [1ELU)[1EV1'] Ilu'(x~ Tao1'], 1'] I-lLXQOTEQ1'] nUQoQ[11']o'l YLC; c;vc;nvo~ ~ nQOXELTCtL YlC; OLC;OLXC;O(E; Y~QUV01']; ,WU EyxEcpaAou; 'Onw; EXOUI-lE ~O'1 1tC1QOUOlaOEL Ot1']V ELXOVC; 9, [1E 't'lV naQooo t'1<; 'lALx(u,; QOXC1ACl;ouv oAo XaL nEQLoooTEQOL avOQwnOL, EXc( WOTOOO OLCXXQ(VOVWL t;EXaOc;Qc; oLc;cpoQE; c;vaI-lEOC; owu; av'tQE; XaL tL; YUVC;(XE<;.
r·------···-
lQ1]QOVOl-llxot1]ta I
I
OlVOJtVE1J!lU
umQ~oA'x6 ~ctQO\
uJtvClJTtx6/11QElltG1:lxa cpaQllww.i
\
fM£'\jJ~ 111
~
~.' ..:::,..\ -----------.. -....
1/ I" /
! f
ttlr;: UVc.lytEQl]r;: ---:a... UEQOCPOQou abo'll -----,..
ava1tVO~\
~£yciA~ <jlaQuyy'x~
a~uyoaA~
~-IlEYci.AYJ 'UJtEQcl:na
llAnt(a __________ -'P'"
to" AaQ"yya
8EQmtECu I'll£" gLVl.XllS;
A"-'
OTEVOOOll
xa~~Mt£Q~ 8f"'l
!
;tunvto!1u
..._-...
// / /
a~uyoaA~
~ ···~EYctA~ YAviaaa
\
~LXQ~ Xcttu) yv60o\
\
XAllQOYOllLx6t'11tU lhttta
6E011
ElK. 11 napdYOVTe~ nou euvoouv TO POXOAWD.
UAO
A(YE; w5vo flEMTE; EXOUV UOXOA'lElE( I-lE W EQW"t'lflC; uv to QOxuA'l'to E(VaL XA'lQovoIlLxo. YnaQxo1Jv IlEOLXE; I-lEAf"tE; OLXOYEVELWV, OTl; ono(E; EXElnuQut'lQ'lGE( {vwvo QOXUA'1to, OE naQu nOAAa I-lEA'l WU; YlU tQEl; YEVLE;. EVOlUCPEQOUOE; nA'loocpoQ'E; YLU W tL XA'lQOVO[1ECtaL, Ilc;; OLVEL 'l c;xOAo1J8'l EQ£uvct. LW EQYUOt~QlO unvo1J, nQlv uno tOY vnvo, unoxAELOt'lXE Il'lXC;vLxa (TEXV'l'ta) 'l "u't'l tWV, xuta IlEOO oQo 21 XQovwv, vccimQwv yLwv uno YOVEL; IlE vOO'r]Qo QOXUA'lto. AuWL Ol VEOL CP1JOlOAoYlxa aEv nUQouo,u~uv XUf.tLU VOO'lQ~ aLuxon~ t'l; uvunvo~;. 'O"tuv XOlllOVVTUV W' unocpQuYIlEv'l I-lVt11, nc;QouoLU~UV O1Jxva VOO'lQE; oLuxonE; t'l; c;vunvo~; xuta toy unvo. Ana C;1JtE; n; nUQut'lQ!]OW;, IlnoQolillE AOlnov vu oUIl"EoavoullE on 'l nQoOla8EO'l YLU unocpQut;'l wu owflUnX01J cpaQ1JYYu XA'lQovoIlEL"taL' 'l unocpQus'l DIlW; U11T~ Enl"t1JyXaVETCtl, OTUV UOXElTaL IllU U1I''lA~ C;VT(OTU01'j 'EOW I-lEOW c;noxAElOIlO1l tWV QlVlXWV XOlAOt*WV - Otl; UVWtEQE£ UEQOcpOQOue; ooove;. Mla TaO'l YlU V00'1Qo QOXUA'l"to XA'lQOVO~lELWL 01l(JlC; XUl otuv TU naLaLa XUl tu nCtlOla 'twv nCtlOlWV XA'lQo, VOf.t~OO1JV, YlU nUQaoElYI-lC;, Illc; nOAu I-llXQ~ xa"tw yva80 uno (vuv uno t011; yOVEL; 1OU£. A11t~ 'l unoc;vamuxT'1 xatco yva-
',II" '!IYIIX,,, I ""U mlOlY 30 "'lO~'{DXOO A39 "Olmri01Y D11311ilOlD~
l.tD(l)~'9i\'OlD% U. 119 13~3g ,I'" ,X, " IIIIJlhlJ 5?X1AOriIuD1113 sil'{'{Oll DOYI1 '9~U'{DXOO D11. ooy~ II,\IJII(':~"" A\l1tlO'{ )3'{DXOOll 'sOlDri(13A1£OA10 ,,01 ml.9'{ 'A~"ri "'O~ tIl "
11\
If II l\l)1
~ nel)
/\101£ SOlDTI!)3i\.1.COi\10
III '"'' lll'{llX II 'nDD~'{1. ~ 91tJQ mD)ll 5990 so09dlo03D U \UX10AV 'J1I1.J.1' lIUll1~ llA 1)11. s9"1~Vrioo (1'{01l mA)3 ,,011 '"ri 9X100(o,{1. o'{yi. -"II ()1!l ,,(31)1)19' 'OOY1 ltXI"ri ~ 13~13ri Vri"3A1£9 A10 01, 50:l.lIri!.\3A1l0A10 llD(l)"f9 ADlD)I
'(.lJsquB8 '3
~~!jSpSj~
~Ol 911D oA~rllHhDdkoAO~13 '"SJSdBd ~~!M~~!d" SuS~~!O SSiJ B48 AOl
911D) ~D~DrlV ~lu DrlD1eV~ 010 ~O~~rlODS3AD IDA!3 AD D13XOV 'V~1l0 -m~lddlI32!XDXod ID~ OAI1~ mk A0J3en3lD~ 13ldl~11 sor ~llQ(!I111X 0 GPI]
'91U'{VXoO OA?rinX01A3 30 '3~OlAYll A993Xo ')3I.u90 %0(; ylDX sOOY9 '\Ojl'{1l1113 VAil '53M3 Oil svri 5ilX19 3ri vAmdlri(1I 'soOY9 9X11.0'{010"dl MoXil 91U'{VXoo 90000A 3ri A~A300D A(01 (1)01 VA, 01 (lOll)0311 mx OOD(9)1l3'{U'{'(V 13XOYll" 'V0319i.aV A(100 -03dlvAV VO 'lOll 'S31AOl.yODll S"o'('{Y mx SOOY9 9x1lDrimo OW VD3riYAV 11919 '91U'{VXoo 01 m13~Avdlli3 "0)0110 ,,01 AVO}ll 's,,00Y9 0109 sil910XV VA? )3009 VA 009wm )300url A3',7 'su'{ltw sltxl'("9AOllD SU1 sVO)ori sltX1A3X"V sU1 D)dJDOI.01i01 ltX1AO~V D)li 3ri Am30Y13~3 mo?ri 'D031(1,{DX POX -139011V DA 3030911li 91"V '(1orim'{ ,,01 mx sDOO~'{1. S~ sUOY9 sU1 'sD,00311" SltXD'(Dri SU1 ltX010311 AUW 5"011),( uo,,3XltOOll -D U °,(90 0(31)m91 13~Dll '~9a '5990 S009dlo03D lt031~AD It YX1'{OMO 13(13A3W S,,00Y9 (10X1'{Og0311" "01 ml.9V 'SOlDri(13A1£OA10 OOW'{YADlDX A~ y~3riv(31)m91 '3~'{YXOO mx OA1£(1 VII. 3m311? ,,011 '91U'{DXoO O~OD 3li ori01Y DAil s9'ADdJ -0011 'P!""P!d 010(1X (LXDll AOW 13~AOXI31tJQ SU'}:)[J1Q '91U'{DXoO 90000,\ 3ri Dri01Y DW DODOYX3~ m1300YlDlDX gOr ° A91£10'( ~Aa '«130lteDX DA VII. D)OmX"3 3X0l09, 310119 SD~0:V'(DXOO 'OAll(1 ml. 31dl311il 'Do?liu AU1 mX ltrl9xv 'sOlOilriv mx lt~ -DWYlDX UA,lil.vWM mli 30 AD19ri10xoI.D'{ 'sill.D1m9 SillDM9 3r1 ,,01 910(1X A01 9= Y13'{,,09 ml. AD19'A'XDODll A39 AD19 '50)0110 ° '01lm09011 OAillimxo"odl OAlxx9x 3ri s90mA SU9~1£1'{ sDAil" :DA~m OA3rie,toI.UOOll Am "gOr e,t00lAoX" ,,01 vOe,tol.,dl UW 'DlDli~wrI -(to V~ "01 D'{9 3ri SUg:>[~!Q SQIlBlj:) Am 9= yxvWmll<11A3 (1'(011 'u9~ )3dlDOl.l0311 13Xil ,,011 '":>["!""[J!d,, Ori009A<.tD OA3ri9~DrlOAOll -3 o~ 3ri s)3A380V 10 Ae,t0'{3W= Dril.139yODll O)DOXV '91U'{DXOO OW 5)3113001113 011£ mAp sOOY9 9X1lDriWO 0'{y1.3ri 3r1 s)3A -300ll 119 MoAX)39 '(wri09x "01ltO?ri D1 D'{9 9= s319'{3Y\l
°
50il'9d 9XUDri(l)::l:
'91U'(DXOO 01101? sDlA~'(VXOOll 'sDOO~'{1. sU1 OOY9 U1 911D mO)ll 990 009dlo03D U03~~AV A~ 'sm3A?l.oxlo S~ u,{ilri VA3ri9'('{v9000ll V1 D,(9 30 'm3XilA(tO IuD 13e,t3A3W 500
~
Zf
5(n 5)3M){ )3101£OlilDltOX 'cWA9AOM3'(\.) rtoA)li018303 S?,XOXJ1Q '5\)A3 ~t "'0991£(l'(01£ "9)X1,"0 '50wliApodlDlg (lOYC)A10 (lO~/))OW 59A3 (0,1.9,( ltA51Ii'\'))orbo1£)) mA)3 5990 !tX1Al0 It AV 'ul\tli ltl 91£)) 1351A1£))A)) 501£(000"P 0 ,)Xl'\'O'(OlDM) '91rtn,11 'm13~ODOD){ mx m13A)Dli03G 'm13A)Dil'\'rt Snilim 50A3li93A1£DAD 'ltl(tli ltl:;:
°
5\10AUlJ,\lJ 5\11(1,\10 SU:L umq9UrlaOlJII 'rtO,\1£(1 (l0l ~lioQ ltl mli~~11£3 A"o'('(p\:In131i S3JDno 10 S;=UIln 53,{9 119 q1.0(l)M lDA)3 S(lJri9 51oJ.9.o1A3 'OA1Lrt <\01 "WX 5~oA1£nAn Sltl U.D11i(WO U1.O 53)DrtO 10 551lrtD "(toogm3 5,01£ 53130)lio1l£3'( }Ii 3lirtO~am"A TV '91lt'(DXOO Ol Art0ilXD1A3 'Do?liu Altl ?rbDX mAPl11'(rb P1O)3 9"") O)AP1£ mx DOP'\'lLll lDOX)3 91£D (OAP1£ uDm,(pAmDx U 119 31.oDli9X3g01£D 'YJ031i!t:;: 'SlLA)'OX1A 5ltlum.~'( ltlmx 91lt'(nXoo 01.0 YJD3r1pAn Uo?M) It, m'\' 53Art30? Sex -lW131£ AClO~XOa1£ YJA 10X?rI '50"90X 5010"<))( 3.oltr/,,'(OD3ji\)
lyj}], 1lJ1( 5}d)lJ1( 'mim"uY)l (4J!8JjS J8j!8MZ 'ZlUO[J\j PUll XB[J\j :4JSng WI841!M) ,,~l~(T)ch iuD Anoi!~oXod Zj)JO[J\j 0 l~ XB[J\j 0" wu'(oXod 01 AnoA~odu lXpnOlD Olpn3A 0l1O~ UO?8 OllUCl H '£ 1'~13
'll,W1£TI 'O,,~ 'OX'9" -OTIllll.A)IlJJ W1JlOX 01 oilu'(x9Yo 9"0'0 lX '9',((l)d) UUl Arto~)'('OXoil 'OA -~<\t"ilx AUlD Zlp0ji\) 0 lllX xeW 0 -
'(£1 'Xlt! 'X'1£ 31£),(1j) S13.o\Loltwon1£ 53Idli(1oAltoo1£ 551'('(01£ 3Dm)ng39m3 lDX A9 ultM3 03 A9)'(DOWrtV S13D\L013r1 91£n P131i 3XltlX)3~01£YJ 91rtV '513D51G 53,(W 3D 11'9 \)1£n '(logo 5~x1wrt3A1£nAn 5ltl lt~norb91£n lt031(1,(n'\'3TI mli lDl)3oltwon1£ SOWrl\DD rt01 Uo510 lu "\L1(W 3D ~g131£3 'Pllt'(DXOO 01 )30M3 It.o)8 XJ11l£(t AltW 50A1£(1 0
ao,\u Cl 513j}Y],:I '(tOAl£~
<Wl ~liog ~xl<\O"nx"ltl mx pli8Dg P){11,\Dliu.o 3D ArtO.oDPO -llW1 9 pnn '(lOllt'(DXOO "?,X1WW1031£ <\aJl mlt19"X'10 ltl0A91i MOAP~'W "3g Dxnrloprb m ple1V '(nxnlioprb pX1M3'('(YJ12AD) PX1,\11inWll1"rJ nl JDx PX1W1r130lt n1 'P){l1(O"1£(), Dl AiWX~AD ,,2rtn 3:;: '92lt'(llXOO MtoDnnxoOl£ nA A(10aOl£li lDX rtOAU(1
1(lJrI0Y
·OA1CJ3g ow ).onax 1I1X'})()ltl0ltu 01. D1A lYJX 1'3ftXD1 (tOlC l1:PX 'Oi\1.Cft, n1A 3lip1£ "'01£ 530g) 51302 nli
'5~0<\1£))AD 5U2 ~OXDlq ~XllXllOrb01£D ltl -ll29 AX rtD mx q2U'(YJXOO 90Uoo" 31i Oli01P 13A)A nA SOWrl(lJA1£OA10 Uoco'(l?"ll2YJX Altl JIi )3001£rl 91u'(nXoo o?'on 3li Oli01p n,,? 9)"3
9v
vI'
47
46 ~0~8£LU
yLCl 't'l]V uvarev~ m mOIlU. ITUQOAa ama 0lloo£ xm EOW m IlLOO ,01J uvartVEollEV01J u£Qu ELOEQ)(EmL areo 't'l] 1lUrr], YLm( xma 't'l] aOOllmLx~ oQaO't'l]Qt6't'l]m OL QLVLXO( ~AEVVOYOVOL ~E JtQ~<;OV1:m umollma. Av oomoao, Myoo ,oov JtQouvuCPEQollEVWV areOCPQa~EWV, OEV E(vm OWU~ fua OLaVOL~'l 't'l]£ 1lUrr]£, ,O,E m amfLO UVartVE£L OLClQXW£ areo ,0 mOlla, CPUOtXa Uxoll'l Xat xma 't'l] OLaQX£LU m1J uJtV01J. Amo E)(EL w£ O1JVEJt£LU VU mEYVWVOW 'l mOllmLX~ xOLA&l]m Xat 0 cpaQ1Jyyae;, IlE aremEAWlla va Ef.lcpuv(<;ovmL a1J)(VO'EQU CPAEYIlOVEe; aE am~v ''lv JtEQLO)(~. H areOcpQUWEVlj IlU"l JtQOXUAE( IlLa 1J1jJ'lAmEQ'l m)(Urr]m Q~e; m1J avartVEollEV01J UEQa mo cpUQ1Jyya, IlE arem£AWfLU va JtaMoV1:at E1JXOAmEQa Ta Ilulcaxa '1l~llum m1J CPaQUYYU xm va JtQOaYETm ETOt TO QO)(aA'1'O.
ME')'UAfJ U1tEQollu u"u')'()UAll MEQLXO( aV8QU)JtOL £)(OW axoll'l Xat )(ooQ(e; CPAEWOVE£ JtOAU IlEYaA'l 1JJtEQwLa alluyOaA~. A~ mEVEUEL O)(L 1l0VO 't'l]V aVol"tEQ'l UEQOCPOQO 006, uAlca fLJtoQd va O'lIlLouQ~a£L JtQO~A~llam Xat xma ''1V xmaJtoOlj. Ka,L TEmw JtUQa"lQE(mL O1J)(VmEQu ma JtmOLa JtaQa m01Je; E~ALXEe;, EJt£LO~ mu JtatOLa TO JtQoaWJtLXO XQUV(O OEV E(vm axoll'1 JtA~QWe; uvarcwYIlEVO. OL all1JyoaA££ ofLUle; fLJtoQ€C va E(Vat m (Ow IlEyaAEe;, oJtooe; Xat moue; E~ALXEe;.
H UVW,EQ'l aEQocpOQoe; oMe; IlJtOQE( AOlJtOV va mEvE1jJEL EVTEAWC; 1l'1)(UVLXa, IlE aUTEe; TLC; ll£yaAEC; alluyoaAEe;, IlE aJtoTEA£allu va JtQoa)(8E( EV1:0VU m QO)(UA'lTO. MEQLXE£ cpOQEe; m VOOljQo QO)(aA'l'o E~ucpavL<;E,at EVTEAW£, IlETa 't'l]v UcpU(QEOlj ,wv ulluyliuAwv.
KU'ltll mJ')''ltAUJfJ "tIllV yvuOWV MEYaA'le; a'lllaa(ae; ELvm OL uJt0cpQaxTLx€£
IlETa~oMe;
YAwaaa Xat JtOAU a1J)(Va IlLa uJtoaVam1JX,'l xa,oo yva80C;, xan Jt01J uVUyvooQL<;E,m UJtO TO «JtETU)(,O» Jt'lYOUVL. TEmLOU E(001Je; J.lEm~OAEe;, aw~8ooe; XAY)QOV0J.l'lJ.lEVEe; Xat aJtUVLO'tEQU JtQOXU: AOUIlEVEe; UJtO UTU)(Y)IlU, auvunwV,at aE IiLucpOQEnx~ uvumuaaollEvo ~u8J.1o, a)(EMv aE Xa8E amllO IlE VOOljQO QO)(UA'l'O Xat mEVEUOW ''lV UVW,EQ'l UEQOCPOQO 066. ITOAU aJtaVLU, ua8EV£LEe; IlE U1J~y)IlEV'1 uU~'lnx~ 0WOV'l 00'lYOUV EJt(a'1e; aE QO)(UA'1'O, OLon IlE ''lV 1JJtEQIlEY E8 'l UvaJt1:1J~'l O"lV JtEQLO)(~ ,Y)e; yva80u xm TWV Il1JWV T'le; YAwaau£, JtQoxumEL IlLU a,Evway) TWV UEQOCPOQoov OOWv.
49
To OOXaA'ltolj 0 ooyxo; OCCllQCltaL auxva O1a ~lLXQci XaL I-lcyaAv,C(la JtaLOLcl xan to CPUOLOAOYL}:O, xcin Jtou EXCL (JXEoll!-l£ Tl]v av(mtu~rj, AJtOOEXcl!-latJtC to JtaLOLXO (lOXC'A'ItO, clJtOl; UVEX£taL xc.:t'VEl£ nUL 'to tuxn:xo, VUXTEQLV6 'T:J'tQLOVLOjJ.all 'teov rrruutoUbcov.
Av,o QOXUA'I'O nov JtaLOLCOV JtUQUTl]OcLWL !-lovo yca Alyce; !-lEOEe;, Of auvouua!-lO ne; JtEQlOOOtEOEe; cpO(lE; ftc EVU xQuoAcSY'l!-la "lle; UVC)C£Ql'Je; UEQOCPOQou ooov, clvm mlC>Y}e; xa,l W CPUOLOAOYLXO. Av W UXOV£L 0I-lUl; XUV£le; YLC' EVrl ~l£YC!AVtEQO XQOVlXcl ()Lam'll-lu XaL auvOOEVEt<Xl =0 uVIJefUXo VltVO xm OlUXOJtl£; Tl]e; C1VUJtVOIJe;, tOtf Orl JtQEJtEL VU OUl;lltljOEL OXCtlXC; W EVU YlUTQO. EJtw'\lj ,0 W!XQOXQOVlO QOXClA'ItO m'lv JtmOLxlj ljALX(C! UJtOtEA£( ljOlj I-lLC! £VO£L~'1 YLU XciJtOlU rlaOtvELC', m!QClXClJQOV~lE YLrl ,0 QOXrlAl1tO tOlV JtmoLwv EVU OAcSXA'IQo ~£XlIlQLmo XEcpciAaLO. Ken lH Ttcw'Slci EnunE :TLCt.Q(lY01JV ()uV(n01)~ vuXn::Ql'VOV£ (1V(.1:JtvEumLxov; 00(1vI10ue;, m(lv CPOciOOEtUl lj llV(Ot£Qll c,vC!JtV£UlITLX11 006;. Amo E(V<Xl YVUlmo O1ov xuOEV(l, Jtou EXEL i;ljocc Eva auvciXL t01) JTCW)tOU
tou. To QOXUAY]TO nov J[(t.lOW)V wOToao EXEl £'\'0': OL(1.CPO-
O£tLXO 'lX1}tlXcl XU(lrlXtljQrl, =6 cl,tL um6 twv EVljA(xoJV, YlC1t( JtE(1lEXEl OoQ1i0cyu; !-lE JtOAV u1jJllAm£(111 olJxv6TIjtc! XUl JtQ()XaAeit<1l ftE EVu OlUCPOQEtlx6 fll'Jxuvw~c6, cm6 cl,n O1ou; Evlj)elXE;. H W1AnxIJ UJtEQC))U I-llll;( I-l£ t1J mucpuA11 mll JtWDLt1, AcSyw t1J; ~lEY£V01'I-lEV'I; Cp(1QllYYlXlje; rl~t1JyO(1Alje;, OEV f-lJt0QEi va xLVljfJEi x(1lk5AoU fJ XLVEtmL I-l0VO Of JtEQLO(lLa~lEVO BuOw' X<Xl YL'CllJt6 OEV mW.nm Ot1J Qolj tou (1VC!JtVEO~tCVOU rlCQ(1. Etm, cmo tOve; OOQU(:101'; QOXaAl'Jmv t01' mHOlOU ),£6tEl to t!-lIJflrl nov rlQ~tOVlXWV X(l~t'lA(;JV 0l!Xvonln,JV XCtl YL't,mo On rq;>EJtEL to QOX(1)eljt6 toUe; Vl! X(1(l(1Xt1J(lll;EtCtl JtcQwomEQO Ul; QclYXOe;. TIC1Qc)I-l0L(1 !-lE ,ou; EvljAlxEc; XC!l om JtCtlOLt1 mLOIJe; ~mo QOvv Vl! JtrlQUT'IQl'J80vv OWXOJtEe; ClVClJtVOlj;. O( !-lEtl!BOAEe; tOu vJtvou ELvm LOLEe; ~IC ClU1;Et; tCDV EV'IA(XCJ)v. To Jtmoi lTt(lLCfloYl'-
, ,
,i
QCi;£L rlvljouxo IiESlt1 XL ClQLlTtEQt1, EJtltvyxavEl EAt1XllTta t'l cpao'l tOu BaOrJ vJtvou xm ClYlIlVCi;c,ClL yLCl l![Q(1. 'OflUlt; O£ ClvtiOw~ I-lE ,oue; EV~ALXEe;, t(1 JtClLOLci OEV JtaQoumai;ouv xuQClXtl'JQtattxlj XOJtOlO'l xClta tljV 1'JflEQa, (lna EXOUV ~LCl aouv~Owta EUEQEOw,'1 XaL EJtl8Cttx~ OUI-lJtEQLCPOQt1. Ol yoV£L£ Jtl!QCltl'JQovv miOIJ£ ovoxOA(E£ tou JtClLOLOV tOue; XClta to CP(lYl'Jto. H VuXtEQlVlj EVOrJQl'Jal'J rlJtot£A£i wn EltWTAEOV EVOXAl'Ja'l, Jto'u JtnQClt'lQEitClL atrl JtmliLa fl£ VOO'lQo [lOXrlAl'J'o. Av to XQc)VLO QOXaAl'Jto !-lE OlrlXOJtEe; tlj; rlVnnV011e; oLnQxEOEL Jt£QLoaOtEQo (lJtO bUo XQc)VLCl, XClJQLe; OEQaJtELCl, ClVClJttvOOEtClL, c)Jtwe; XClL atOue; EVIJALXEe;, rUll nVEJtaQxELCl t'le; o£sLa; Xrl(10Lac;, 'I OJtOiCl aE £lOLXEe; JtEQWTtcOOELe; ftJtoQcC Vrl OO'lyljOEL rlXO!-l'l xm ow Elt1V<1to.
L£ JtOOOOtO Jtavw (IJtO 90%, ClU'tc) to voa'lQo [loxnAl'Jt6 Jtou auvooErJEtm rlJto OlClXOJtEe; nV(1Jtvo~£, JtQOX(1AECtm atrl JtClLOLa ClJtO !-lLa JtOAV flcyt1Alj CprlQUYYlXlj lj UJt£QWLrl rl!-lUYOrlA~, £VOl ElVClL Ol'JftClVttXO Vll YVUlQll;oU!-l£ ott rlutEe; OL Cl!-luyoClAEe; OEV £Lvm uJtaQClLt'ltO Vl! ELVUl £Qc8WflEVEe;. EJtElOlj JtO)erJ ~E yaAEe; 'OJtEQO)LE£ a!-luY0rlMC; ouoXEQrlivouv xm tllV Jt[looAlj1jJl'J ''Ie; TQocplje;, JtOAAtl aJto ClUea ,a JtUlOLa fLVClL !-lLxQoolllfla XClL JtOArJ I-lLXQOrJ aW!-lutLxorJ BaQoue; YLa 'ljv ljALXCa touC;. LE OJtciVLEe; JtE[lLJttcl>O£le;, flJtOQEC XaL Evn BaQu ClnEQYLXO, XQOVLO awaXL, rlJto !-lOVO OOU VU OO'lyljO£L aE OW[lXEe; QoxuAl'Jt6 ftE EJtELaOOLCl aJtvOLae;. Axol-ll'J aJtavLOtEQCl xm awlj8Ule; ClI-lEaWC; fl£ta ''I YEVVl'JOIJ, JtClQ<1tljQEitaL ott EA<1ttUl~l<1tLXEe; X<1talTtt1aElC; ato JtQooO)JtlXO xQavCo, I-lJtoQovv VCl OO'ly~oow OE !-lla atEV())O'l t'le; rlVW,E[I'Ie; aEQocpoQOu oOov. LtO!-l<1tl){lj rlVClJtVOIJ aX0!-ll'J xm XUlQCC; !-lohva'l, QoYXoe; x<1ta mv tiJtvo, OLatClQClXEC; tlle; ClvciJttuS'lC;, VuxtfQLV~ EVOVQl'Jolj xm ClVE~~Y'ltlj EmOEtLxlj OU!-lJtEQLcpoQa fLVClL OL EvoxAljOEle;, Escmiae; tOlV OJtOLClJV OCl JtQEJtfL OL YOV£Le; v(1i;l'J,~aouv Bolj8ELCl aJto to Yl<1tQO. Aut6C; auv~8Ul; OLnmatwvEL ~tlrl flEYEV8U!-lEVl'J CPrlQUYYLXlj ~ XCllUJtEQWLl! Cl~lJy6ClA~, Jtou 0XEMv ClXOU~Jtouv I-lEtUsti tOVe; 010 ~tEOO. EJttal'JC;, 1-lLl! !-lcyaAl'J YAcl)OOC! lj ~L(1
50 llltOava:rr:tll"t'1 "atCll yva80£ ~lE "a"ij oDY"AlO'1 tCllV yvaBCllv, SLVm OE ftEQL"a ltmliLa xan to aAAOxllto. Lc 01.££ oxsliov 1:L£ ltEQm:tWOEL£ ftltOQODV ftS t'1 XSLQOllQYLXij altOftaxQWO'1 t'1£ cpaQllYYLxij£ xm t'1£ lllt£QWLa£ aftllyoaAij£, va ltaQaftSQLatoDV Ol £voxAijosL£ xm ta OllftlttWfta-!;a. Av ELvm avc,yxaLo, ftla 'tE'tOla cYXtLQ'10'1 Sa ltQCltEL va ltQayftmOltOlEL'tm ijo'1 Oto ltQwto Cto£ ''1£ '1ALx(a£.
Av xm 'to QoxaA'1to eswQeL'tm =0 toll£ ltEQlOOOtSQOll£ av(JQWltOll£ EVOXA'11:LXO XaL avayxaLo xaxo, £vtOD'tOl£ acpijvow va ltcQaOEL ltOAIl ftsyaAo XQOVLXO IiLallt'lfta ftEXQL£ O'tOll xatacp1lyow O£ La'tQLxij ~oij8Ha. Tomo ovft~aLVH ovvijeCll£ =0 t'lV ltaQaxLv'10'1 tOll ij t'l£ OllvtQOCPOll toll£, atOV DltVO. OL La'tQLxc£ d;etaOSL£ ltOll ltQCltSL va llltoBA'18£L Eva atofto ltOll QoxaAi1;EL OlJVo1jJi1;ov'taL os tQSL£ atoXOll£:
1. Na IiLayvwOOllftS av to atofto EXEL aewo ij VOO'1Qo QoxaA'1'to. 2.
Na xa80QLoollftS ftc a"QLBHa 1:L£ ecpijftEQSC; XaL oLaQ"sL£ atEvcilOEl£ at'1v avw'tsQ'1 aEQocpoQO 006.
3.
Na BQoUftS O'1ftSLa EXXLV'1O'1C; YLa 't'1 8sQaltELa ltOll Sa EsacpavLoH to QoxaA'1to.
MEQLXEC; 'POQE£ WatoOO, Eva atofto ftE VOO'1Qo QoxaA'1to XaL VOO'1l)!'£ IiLaXOltE£ 't'1C; avaltvoijc;, EQXStaL Oto YLmQo d;anLac; [tSQLXWV xaQax't'1QLatLXWV svoxAijosCllv ltoll oftWC; ltaQOllma~ovtaL XaL os aAAE£ a08EvHE£.
1101£5 £voX/-,rjo£15 xal rtaQlirtova ixouv 01 aoO£veLS; -
'OAa 'ta atofta [tE VOO'1Qo QoxaA'1'to ltaQouoLa~OlJV ~lla OLacPOQOltOL'lftEV'1 OVft1tEQLcpoQa xma tOY UltVO: QoXaALi;ow XaL EXOW Evav avijovxo UltVO, XCllQL£ cpao'l BaO"
vrr;vo'U. -
Kma t'l oLaQx£La t'lC; 'l[tEQac;, ltaQollmai;sL to 70% TmY a08EvcilV [tLa xaQaxt'lQLatLxij XOltwO'1. 'EwL, 0 aotlF.v'i~ ~m:oQe( XCllQL£ ElloLaxQ1t'l mt:Ca va =OXOlft'leSL ava It(i,,,, atLy[tij "m OE xaOs XcilQo, O'1Aaoij a"oft'l XaL atO X'Jll'(I "I', £Qyao(ac; toll ij xma 't'lv ooijy'lO'1 toll alltOXlvij'tOll.
52
53
-
Ta nQUlLVa ~1JnVa ~E nOVOXEcpaAO xm VWJ8EL xmMtCJlffil.
-
H nVE1J~mLX~ xm OW~mLX~ LXaVOt'1ta anOOOo'1£ ELVm ~ELW~EVE£.
-
To nEOL~o.AAov t01J mo~o1J ~E VOffilQO QoxaA'1tO rlCaoatY)OEL ~Etaf)OAE£ ot'1v nQoowmxot'1ta tou xm LOLaLtEQa ~La E1JEQEOLOtOt'1ta xm naQa~EvLa.
-
L1JXVa nQox15ltto1JV oLmaQaXE£ 0tY) oE~ouaALx~ I;CJl~ (avLxavot'1ta).
-
Evt1JnWOlaXa OLo~~ata ow WCJltEQLXO t01J amQayaA01J, EXtaXtE£ xaQoLaxE£ O1JotOA££, ovonvOLa xmo. t'lv l1(lE~L(l xm xmo. tY) ow~mLx~ oQaOtY)QLotY)ta, n.x. xmo. TO aVEBao~a OtL£ OXo.AE£, 1JnOOELXV1501JV a~Eow£ Eva nQoxwQ'1~EVO mo.0Lo.
OL nEQcooOtEQE£ an6 tL£ avacpEQo~EVE£ EVOXA~O£l£ Otav Aafl~aVOvtm '1 xaOE~La ~EXCJlQcma, OEV anOtEAo15V 1Jn60El~'1 YLa VOffilQ~ OLmaQax~ t'l£ avanvo~£ xata tOY 15nvo ~E anOtEAW~a O1Jxva au~ va avaYVUlQ(i;Etm yta nQc6tYJ cpoQa, aQyOtEQa. Qmooo, '1 O1JVOAtX~ ELxova tlOV EVOXA~OEUlV ELvm t1Jmx~ yca tY)v 15naQ~'1 xMOLa£ VOffilQ~£ Otmaoax~£ tY)£ avanvo~£ xmo. toy 15nvo. 0 O1JV01Jao~o£ to1J 01JVmo15 QoxaA'1t015 xm '1 a1J~'1[1EVYJ xaQaxt'lQtmtx~ xonwOl'j xmo. t'lV '1[1EQa, XWQL£ a~c6Aoya aLtLa, nQEnEL va nQOtQEn01JV to YLmQo va t/laxvELyta ErtLltAEOV O1Jfl1tt(ll[1ata to1J O1JVOQOflO1J t'l£ anocpQaxtcx~£ o.nvOLa£ xma tOY unvo.
QEL va O(llOEt f.laQt1JQ(E£ YLa to E(60£ tOlY 80Qu~wv to1J QoxaAlltou, ytatL onw£ ELvm yvwoto, f.lovo EAaxtota ato[1a n01J QoxaA(i;01JV avtLAa[1Bavovtm to1J; OtX015£ to1J£ OOQ15B01J,. KaTa xavova nQoxELtm yta tL, (OLE; EOlOT~OEL; n01J naQaOEoa[1E ot1')V aQX'l (j)AEnE OEA. 14).
o
oLaxwQl0[10; tUlV t15nwv QoxaAIlTou OLE1JXOA15Vnm, av naQE't£ [1al;( oa; [1ca xaOEta flE 1:'1V EYYQacp~ V1JX1:EQlV(llV ()oQuBwv til; avanvo'lj; oa;: 01JXVE; OtaXOnE; t'1; avanvo'lj" f.lE tXQIlXtLXO, ouvmo 80Q1JBo QOXaAl1to15 otO 1:(AO; 1:11; otaxon~; t1')C; aV(mvo~c;, 1JnooEtXVU01JV Eva VOffil(lo QoXaAl11:o.
IIOlOl ywtQoi Oa :JtQE:Jtet va XLVTJtO:JtOlTJOOUV yw tTJ ()L£uxQivwTJ nov aVIl:Jtv£u<JtLXWV ()LataQIlXWV Xata tOV u:Jtvo;
o
(J)tO[lLVOAa(luYYOADyoC; E(vm 0 nAEov xmaAAIlAoc; y"a vcx oLayvwotL nc; OTEV")OELC; Ot11v LXVwtEQ'l a£(?ocpoQo 000. ME oUYX(lOVU ontLxa [11lxav~[1ma fCnO(lE( va cpwt(CJEL OAOXAIlQIl tllv avc1nEQIl aEoocp6Qo OOci, am) tU Q01JOOUVLa [1EXQL 1:OUC; nVE1:i[1()VEC;. TIOEntt O)Otooo va EXEL t1') 01JVm01:l)ta flwC; E~C tao11, oto EQYWn:~OLO 15nV01J, y"a V« fl1tOQEOEl va OlamOnllOEL av 0 (100EV'ljC; tOu EXEL aO(1)0 'lj VOOll(lO (lOX«A1')TO.
o
A:Jt6 :JtOU ()w:JtWtWVet 0 ywtQ6~ to £mXlV()UVO QoxaATJt6;
o YLmQo; [1noQcL [1E [1EQLXE£ XmE1JEl1JV~QLE£ EQWt~OEL£ va oLamonllOEt av 0 a08£v~£ tOU av~xEL otY1V o[1aoa tOlY ato[1wv [1E a8wo ~ V0011Qo QoxaA1')to. L1JXVa, amES OL EQUlt~OEL£ fl1toQouv va anavtll80uv flOVO flE t1') ~0~8£ta to1J 01JVtQoCP01J t01J a08Ev~ xmd toy unvo, 0 ono(o£ X1JQ(w£ [1no-
oQOonEOLx6c; yvd8(1) tj 0 YVClOOXELQ01JQy6C; E(vm n£OtOOOtEQO «[lWSOtot YL(l va MI)01JV OC01') otO £Q(OtrlflCl tl)C; XClX~; ouyx),Loll; t(J)V yvdOwv. 'Eva£ n«OoADY0C; tj EVCle; nVE1JfcOVOADyoe;, XlV'lWnOLElmL xmd X«VDV", OtlXV n[lEnEL VCl d;E1:UotOuV aX(lLI)smE(lCl 6(Jyuvrt t01) XClQOtOX1JXAOCPOQcxou O1JOttjf.lmOC; xm OL nVEu[1ovEC;. LE nOAAOUe; ClOG£VEl; fCE cn:iVO(lOfCO ClnocpQClXtlXtjC; MVOLac; XUT" 'ttl\' unvo, fl1tOQouv wm600 VCl n(Joxvt/l01JV (PUOlOAOYLXci FlI(JIllun" mCl OQYClVCl t01J 1tClOOt()X1)XAOCPOQtX()U OlJOttj[1l1tOC;, x(m, "lv x, ('tamClOl'j t'lC; WpunvLlTY)C;. M6vo ].ltcl d;Etaffil xm,i TOV tinvo 11m )[".,.
-~)(h11£3 /\luo 5?Xru.u 53100pX'\3 MOXOPU(t P/\XOO 91/\3 'lwMXl,uhu3 »l1i 1I)X (~SI °Xl t O Olh~\u'lu O/\OlA? D/\? 13~P1O(t00DU J,t'(ruJ:mW It :~)Xll.010luXDODX PX1U(tl. D8(tO'(9XD m 5D9103U(t 5J,tXD'(Dri Slu 09 -31C)U3 ow lDlAOW[t'(DXD/\D '911t'(DXOO 01/\90X 3r1 DrlO1p 33:
:(l0go I\009cbo03n SLLil3191"n 5lu LLO(l)/\jllD Dlr1 /\ft0'(nxoou I\OU Sjl'(ogm31i Dl;\. "Dlgpl3:" PX11300cbmg n030 -O;ll 30 13/\Xprlt 50'\9'(0;\';\'I\On'(oAl001(1) 'S3Xl'(J,t/\3 51\013:
°
°ACI)8P/\'\ MOllwl'(X,\ftO J,tXD)( J,t9D'(lt9 13XOPU(t 'S(t01 [t~m3r1 PW(I)O lDlA91lA -D/\OO 3g 508PM (l)lPX lDX (I)/\P It 'DrI(I)X'\'pg 01 pm)! °5D9103U(t 5J,txD'(Dri 5lu DrlJ,trll 018090U 01 lDX D9)03U(t J,tolt'(XO lu 0/\9r1 130J,toluDODU D/\ 5)3/\DX )3001C)!\[ o( QSl °Xl t OD'\"\'(topcb (tOl DrI(I)X)01 (l)O)U O1lDX J,t'(etcbDW lu 5)3/\DX 13g D/\ )30ourl /\3g '51\01 D009),('\' lu (I)~? MO~p'\'g 10X 5)3/\380D 10101}1 Drl9w 01 /\(to'\)O/\D /\Dl -0, °mlu9'('0X 51\01 J,tXllDriOW luo DO}rI 3r1(l.Og D/\ mlu9lDMg It It/\jlrlOl00l03U 10/\)3 911t'(DXOO 90lwo/\ 3r1 DrlO1p pnOU 33:
°l\O)"DOX (lOX1U(I)OOOU (t01 J,tX0103U /\luo Yl3DpWnlDX 5jlXlr1olD/\n 5jlX11nrl -(I)l.lD,(3 10 lDl\)3 S303191l\nuo LLrl9xV °n)M3nD n11i 30 S(I)8\t/\00 lD13'03cbo D)OUO LL '(101LL'(DXoo 1\01 5lwLL'(X90U D)l1O 5(1) (Dgl1)/\10) I\OA9;\'OM3'(\:I (lOX1/\10 1\01 J,t/\orl;\.3'(cb m"90X mrl mlplADA -00 D03191MUO ~OA3 '(5130j,twn,(fJx3 5)3g130/\39n J,t ,plxplmox,,) J,t'(D9 Mrln nl9103UI\ 10X J,t \txl'\"\'I\oncb LL,(P,\.3r1 (I'(OU nlr1 DlApU /\99 3Xo 13A~01.Ol=lg So'\'9'(0'\"\'(ton'(oAl001(1) 'plglOU m3:
~"t(\J)!)lD 1t:lD1e~/\(\nD DlU 1\(\0~91n
!o\ao~J"tnXoo aou
-(lOODlI 1\(lO~)'(DXOO (\011 DUOl,Y Dl :01\/Y1:1 Of mx oz °Dl/\PUO 11)/\)3 lwmW)03U It J,t:tILD 53X1'(J,t"3 500w 91/\3 'J,t'(Dg'\'I\rlD J,tXl'\"\'I\ODcb J,txlcboo:W3U(t mrl D(31)Dlgl '(logo I\009cbo03D 5lt03191"D Slu 513091/\31.0 3D )3,\ -Itgo 'plglOU m3: °S13DPB~3 5313eD90U 3r1 D'(0X(l3 )31.O(I)/\'\'mg n/\ )3oourl 'n)M3nn 3D lDB'03cbo I\OU 9litn n(31)Dlg1 'I\0/\9'\'0l\l\3'(g (l0X1/\10 (tOl Orll~J,tOU OJ, °(1'1 °Xl3:) I\91X,\,ox /\91X1/\10 /\(1)031 -91lDX A(I)l lwM8jl'\'3r1 Dlrl MO~p10(t00nu MO~'(DXOO (tOU nrlO1p m n,(9 /\993Xo ~Di\3 'A(I)99UI\'(OU i\(flX1/\10 mo}rI J,t 50lDrI'\pocbDl9 (l0X1i\10 1\01 S13091cboorlnonu lDX [t0wo (lOX1/\10 1\01 nlDrI,\.pl -nx nI\3r1[to'\'OOOu 9= 5130~O/\31.O 1OlA(lo'(nxoou lu[trl lu3: 9l,U'(DXOO O:LO ~Xll1(\l, ml\p 1\~J(,tox I\~Xl1\10 MIll, un(l)x,t91\/ U :01I/Yl,:1 01
°
-n"{0o\100l(l)
°
5)30\39DD 5a01O 50A,9"{0A,A,aO 130\9>lDtUmq 5}"{ognl3TI 5310n
°50'\9'(0'\'\(t0 -n'(oAl001(1) 5n/\jl lDX (l019lDU (tOl n)3un038 luD 13X;1l3r1r11\0 D" 13U}OU De M S90lD1'\' 59X1A3'\ \t 500lD)qmu I\(I)UP038 DA -9ADX pmx 13~ODcboun 'MO~'(DXOO I\OU p1gmu nl mJ
°
°
°911t'(nXoo 9 0LLoo " J,t 0918D m'\' m113X90U AD )3lDl0(l)/\'\'D/\D n/\ 'I\O/\U(I I\0)OluoDM3 5 9"3 Dllt19lDMg Itl lDX I\0'\'9'(0'\''\'(tOD'(OA1001(1) 1\01 m3()J,tog Itl 3r1 )300url 'Mo~'(nXoo (tou nrlO1p Dl D,(9 3D /\9g3XO )1m'\' '5(1001m'\' 5(10X1g13 51\01\3r1903cbn/\Doou 51\01 S(tO'(9 SJ,t/\380 -n 130J,tlLL~nAn D/\ 13UjlOU D/\ 01"PUO mA)3 'PX10"'l>
°
O(WAl££l
°SDOD91,(;\. Sltl lwpg Itl 9un (l)O)U nrlJ,trll ow 01' '(n;\''\I\OpcbolDrloW) n'\'\I\opcb 9xllDriOW ow lDX mlt19'(10X J,tX1l13r10W 1t1.O O£ 'Sn9103uI\ SJ,txn'(nri Sltl Og3U)U3 ow °z 'n'\"\'(topcbo/\10 (tOl o091X OlD mx Itl(1r1 Itw °1
gg
1\01 /\~I)XDommg 5}cboorl S3'('(P 130)3'(XOUD DA 13U}OU mx o"u(I A01 plDX Smol\up SJ,tx11xnocboun 5lu OriOOgA(lO 010 m13'()3cbo Do}rlLL /\LLl plDX LLo(l)U9X J,tX11010luxDonX LL /\n 130J,tM30 -3 D8 5(tog983r1 (tOl Sjlx1wm3~3 511 3r1 50'\9'(00l\3A
°
°nADM9 Dl plitn 30 5n13/\?80n nlDrl91l.urioo 13rlt(l'(DXO= D/\
t9
1I1,ljul"I~) 1t:1 ~):LD}(' 'Oq31L)lL3 01 9lf1:D 3D J38U10lL01"DriA'J)chc 'Di\ I ,,)11 II Ii "')"J! (ll S5'ADcbli3 ,,(lOO\1WXllDX DA A(lOOOJ!li '( [lll'9 XDOD 1£ III Iii I) Illllt1£9){00QA3031M\1 It 'X'1£ SO)1£9 'Slt0D1i'~3 S5'){1,\X31
"'111 'n!,ln)[ 'DIJ.(lO'9,( rt01 oQoo)3 AltW (IA91£ 1XllJO)l 'mlt19,( III" "){1l
'(S) DAAndodl nOl 1II1(1)XlIlI 0180)110 010 ~,Xnlll ~Il ID~ (E) 0)101 01i!Jd311n 0180)110 oA,nIlOA:3A:III 01 '(j7) A(01)XOXod nOll AIT)n910 AlTll ~xndlDlD llXVA3rt III Ud38(13X3 3n~oQ DA 3rt~odollrt '(3) (l)19~ Dl ~Odll DOOi!J~A III 131;1111 nOll 'OOX -0019110 ~OIn 1l0~dX ill 3n OA9V'J ,(~) ~313d,rt01ll3X ~Il ~;J10D 138~d~ (l) oooi!JXA II '(q) 9111xoXod pdlloOA 3n un0l9 3i 'oAAnd9dl ~o~llon -OlD nOl Ort(l)X)Ol 0180)110 01 ID~ ~xndlDlD II '(~xoQAnno ~0Ii!Jd311n) ~DC!ld311n ~~~Dxon ~iIl ~xoQAnno II 'OC!ld.311n ~~oxon II OdD89~3j 1D13A)odl '(D) Drt01P ~IAn 3D :~Olill9XIO~ ~~~IlDnOlD ~iIl llrliOll\l, S ~~Ij --------91k~ll1(oa
ltAjltiroibootillOlllL '9AXf\O mAp 1l<1)11ro'(t.1lL3 It :01<1'91:1 017 'Slllt'(nXoo 011015' s1J1",OO,,(l3 '(\1,(Xlgl.(llil1 \1%100(0,(1.) 5Xl009''(1. 5ltl lt09,1 ltw 59'-01 59x1cbli3'( 0 1Xl){ 1){1,(oIJ031£(l )3OC0xA-mg 11" )3001£li 'SltO)llt{ '5},(Dgl.(lliXl 531g:>031£(l 53,('91.31i 10 111% ltli9%n A('Oll -310001£ Xl" A(lOOO1£li 'XlI.I.(109cb (l01 "lDli,oX101 XlW 111){ "9)031£(l \l%D,("li ltw 5('0101 531AO~9""3'1.1£ S(101 5(,01(ln 33: '(101lt'(nX -00 (l01 5rto\J(l000 5(l010 MO'('(1)\lli(tO)1){ S[lOWl S31Ml19 A03 '(1£ 91£" MlOl1£(,){OO1£ (lOll ''''D19lioIXl01 A9'){1A-!.rtO,,(b "'01 01, -9A-OM3'(\J
9aluJo, 3n
onol'99%1i.o'{o10ruD
o
e
I
~j
,-jliWtw'ml \7
E
'~;1~ldlodld311n ~(l)8~AnO
IOA)3 A(01)~OXod nOll DnOlp OlD ~3!01l0 10 '~nOl plDni!JO 0I0d9~A3 01 3n ~3XA9~ ~,~IAld 10 AnOXdplln 010ni!JXlOl P~IAld OIAPXll Oli v~'~lj \, \
\
ow Si'Xrtlll 513X\1lil1£3 s)3M)% 91""A(l0 ''9"Xrt3: '\1'1.rtcbnw It'\Jlim%I.01Q It lm3%D)0,1
DD3li1)AV '(101lt'(DXOO (l01 smlt19"XrtO S\l'(ltrlDX 5rtog,,00() S(101 ml. ml)D 010,,% 011nA)3 1XJX (3S1 'X1tI) m19% m 500ll It''i'rlO -Dli30X n)Xl'(rtD AnD 11113A)Dcb (l01£ '(l0)101 IWlg:>03llrt (l 01 8 0 )1£0 (l01ltoM8ilA-3rl \lXlWloltlxnoXlX mrl 5lto)ll3 111,\)3 \,t%11£(l.L
u:U-9X Y-)('1MO 001.'9% !tX1roOOW9ltfl.
',P)X(l11ll3 9llXl 9X10itch 11J13cbi'W" 3Q (l01£ 119% 'SXl1"OX\t\J003~ ""0'( -,('9\JOllXl Attl XlA A(,08nllOOOll 111% 50lDrl,OD (l0"i'~ 5\1"3 \1 5ltomrl)cb 5ttl ltOlt()O)D "ttl ArtOXi' '9AXrt3: '5noo\o'(A- sttl lto99 ltw m,,'9" 139J!lirtOXD \l,(ruJmw It \lmn Smll 1111"OA9001n ''9MmOll D1 D031 -)D1I;l' 5)3A380n )0'l.'!.0U'C13'j)'(DXOO (lOll (loli91D rtOl \,t,(itchXlW" nl1. 3rl9'(lrl DOOg:>'(1. \l"103rlltonx Altw 91(ln,1!.) (l0"91.0M3'(9 (l01 n13"
L9
1
99
59
58
ty]<; OLOX01t1'j<; ty]<; OVOJtvo1'j<;, EVO<; oJtOXA€LOIl0<; IlEOW tWV cpoQVYYLXolV tOLXWWitWV.
Ta ltEQU1!Jot£Qa u'tolla ltOU QOXaAt~OUv ltaQou(Jtu~OUV !JtEvoJ!JElI; !JE ltoAM ElttltEOa I1'jIlEQO, YVWQLSOVIlE OtL OE (itollO IlE VOOYjQo QOxoAY]to, JtoQaAAY]Ao IlE tL<; atEVolOEL<; atYj !lUty]
AOyw VJtEQtQOCPLXcllV
QLVLXolV XOYXolV, Y] Oy]IlOvtLXOtEQY] atEVWOY] BQLOXEtat,
OX E06v
JtaVtO, JtLOW OJtO ty] 1l0AOX1'j VJtEQclla. Iuxva, !lO~L IlE omE<; tl<; OVo atEVolOEL<; JtOQotY]QELtat Xat IlLa EJtlJtAEov atEVWOYj ato tEtOQto ataOLO. IW01j!LSOvtOC;, 1lJt0QoUilE VO JtOU!lE OtL OYjIlOVtLXE<; EVOELS€Le; YLO tYjV UJtOQSY] EVO<; VOOYjQOU QOXOAY]tOU 1lJt0QOU!lE VO JtaQOWIE aJtO to LatOQLXO tOv OOOEv1'j Xat aJtO to EUQ1']!lOW tYj<; WtOQLVOAaQvyyOAOYLX1'j<; LotQLX1'j<; ESEWO'y]<;, oUa Y] aJtOOE<Sy] IlLO<; OVaJtVEVatLX1'j<; OLOWQOX1'j<; Xota tOY UJtVO, JtQoOXOIlLSEtat 1l0VO IlEta tYjv ESEtOOYj tYj<; OVIlJtEQLCPOQa<; xma toy UJtVO. ElnJtAEOV, Oy]IlOvtLXE<; VJtOOELSEL<; YLO to OLtLO Xat OVVEJtol<;
,,
'
EXtLIl1'jOEL<; YLO tYj OEQaJtELO, JtQo(),)(OIlLSOvtat IlEOW tWV yvoOOX€L-
ElK.16 o ylQ1pOC; E~Ell\(El tva (iTo~o nou pOXaAi(El, OE unna stun, ~E tva EUKa~mo Ev50oKomo KUl KlVn~alOypaq>Ei la avalO~lKa mOlXEiQ lOU O1o~alolj)lipuyya.
QOVQYLXcllV EUQY]llatWV Xat tYj<; BLvtEOEVOOOXOJtYjOYj<;.
BlVTwEvOOOKonllOTl
TTlC; QVWTEPIlC; QEPOCPOpou 0006 Q<; IlLa OVIlJt A1'JQwllmLx1'j ESl'tOOy], Y] BLVtEOEvOOOXOJtY]OY] aty] IlUty] Xat to CPaQuyyo EJtLtUYXaVOVtat IlEOW EVO<; EVAVYLatOV OJttLXOU oQyavov (EUXOIlJttO QLVOCPOQVYYooxoJtLo). To oQYovo OVto OVVLatOWL oJto oJttLxE<; LVE<; ~IE £IOlxa xatoJttQo ll1'jxou<; 60 Exmoat0IlEtQWV Xat OIOIlEtQOU
3,7 X'ALO-
m6J.1EtQo. To QlvocpoQuyyoox6JtLO €LOaYEtat oJto to QOUeOUVL mY] QIVLX1'j XOLAOty]tO, olatE Vo JtOQOtYjQELtat Xat vo XIVYJlloWY(l"'PELtat xma ll1'jxo<; tou QIVIXOU t6sov Y] ovmollLX1'j
cpaQvyyo, X'IIPL"'C; "WI)<; 01 XIV1'jOEL<; twv IlV'LXolV tOU tOLXWllatWv. 0 0nOlMjc; f'1(llm'EtlH OE uJttw ElEoY] (Elx. 16) Xat JtQOtQEJtEtat vo X«t(WXEU1'j OAoXAY]QOU tou QlvoCPaQuyyo Xat tov
I
60
61 ).laXQl~ aXTlVoYQacpLa ~, xEcpaA~; XaL W11 AaL).IOU ~ nMYLo xEcpaAoYQacP"!).Ia) ).lltOQEC va EXTl).l1']0EL W ).Irjxo; '01; ).IaAax~; 11nEQola; fLE ~ macp11A~, xaGeo; XaL 1'] OEO'1'] ~; avm XaL xa~m yvciEJ011 aE OXE01'] flE ~ ~aOl] T011 xQaV(011 (Elx, 17),
Tl OIOnlOTWVt:1 0 YVOSOXt:lPOUPYOC; r'] o opSOnt:OIKOC; IT]C; yvciSou; rrE(ll~aO:EQO xa":XM1']Ao, va EKtl).l~aEL ~O xma noao 11_ na?XEL xmt1'] ~"YXAlO1'] nJlv, yvaO~Jl; ~ 0Xl, ELVaL Eva; XELQ011QYO, atof1,a~o; - yvaGo~_ - nQ~a(!)~01J 1'] Eva; oQclonEoLxoc; ~; yvaOo11, Amoc; ,XaTaa~E11aI;EL yL amov TO Myo Eva an01:unOl).la ~, av(!) XaL xmCJl yva8011, Eveo ).lEO'CJl ELOlXeOV aX~lvOYQaLPleOV (nAaYLCl
ElK,17 m,dylO ~aKplvJi aKTlvoypa~ia Tl]C; K8~aMc; Kal TOU AOl~OU, ~ onoia EnlTPEn8llDlOlT8pa T~V 8KTl~~a~ Tl]C; a8po~6pou ODOU (l) niaw anD T~ ~aa~ Tl]C; YAwaaac; (A8UKJi ypa~~Ji),
EnLO'1'];, ma aW).Ia ).lE voa1']Qo QoxaA1']To 0 AaQ11yya; ~QCO'XETaL xa).l1']M~EQa, xaTl n011 ).lnOQEL va avaYVCJlQlmEC xaAa, ).IEaCll ).lla; aXTlvOYQacpCa;, EVol ).lltOQE( va EXTl).l1']OEL W (ow xaM, ).IEO'm W11 nMYLo11 xEcpaAOYQacp~).Imo; XaL 1'] mEVCOa1'] ~1']; aVolTEQ'l£ aEQocpoQ011 ooou ).lEaCJl ~1']; Baa1']; ~1']; YAolaaa;,
rw:ti n:QEn:£L Eva atollO f.le voollQ6 QoXa J..llt6 va esetaotei oto eQyaot11QlO un:VOlJ; OL ).la(YtuQLEC; W11 aaG£~ mo LmOQlXO aa8Eve(a; XaL ~a E11Q~).IaTa Tmv El;E~aaEcov ).lltoQouv BEBaLa va Oolao1JV xanOlE; nA1']QocpOQLE;, ).IE xanOla Jtl8avo~Ta, YLa ~V unaQl;1'] VOOl]QOU QoxaA1']WU' 1'] OlaXQlOl] OIlCllC; ava).lwa mo a8olo XaL VOOl]QO QoxaA1']TO ).lltOQEL va yLVEL).IE ~EBaLO~Ta ).lOVO ).leTa ~ V11XTEQLV~ El;ETaOl] ~; O1J).llt£QlcpOQac; xm6. TOV unvo, L£ oAo ~ov xoa).lO, ~a TEkuTaCa TQLaVTa XQoVLa EX01JV OLEl;ax8EL (QEWE; YLa ~ O1J).lltEQlcpOQa xm6. TOV unvo, mo Enovollat;0IlEva EQyaoujQla UJtV011, EXEL Aa).lB6.vOVTaL XaL anELXovLt;oVTaL ~a naQayo).lEva EyxEcpaAlxa QEuf1ma xa8ol; XaL OL xlv~aEl; Tmv Ilanolv, YLa T1']V avaYVolQlOl] TCJlV mao(CJlv T011 unvo11 XaL W11 OVELQlXOU UJtV011, EnlJtAEov, Ol]).IELWVOVTaL 01 xaQOlax{; aQQ118IlLE; (HAEX~Qoxag oWYQaqJ1']).la), 1'] fl11'Lx~ TaOl] mo aayovl, 0 XOQW).Io; T011 a().Imo; flE OS"YOVO, 01 XLV~aEL; ~C; OmQaxlx~; XOLM~Ta; xm ~; XOLAla; xa8ol; XaL 01 avanvE11mlxc; xl~a£l; ~ ).I~ XaL TO mO).la, EnlJtQoaOETet, ).lltoQouv va xaTaYQacpouv 01 80Q11BOL T011 QoxaA1']TOU XaL ~; avanvo~; ).IE Eva ).ILxQocpmvo, 1'] m6.Ol] T011 aeO).laTO; ).IE ).lla x6.).IEQCl, 1'] nLEOl] mov OLOocpayo xa8ol; XaL'1 GEQf10XQaaLa T011 aW).Imo;, [L'amE; Tl; ESETaaEl; TO aolfla Ga nQEnEL va O1JVOEOd).lE naQa nOMa 1']AEXTgoOlCi XaL ll1']xa~llma ).IETQ1']Ol]; (E~",
18),
63
62
[.lE EAacp(lE£ OLataQaXE£ T1]£ avanvo~£ xatci toY unvo. rL'allTo Ta anoTEAEo~ata TWV EsnciOeWV 010 EQyaOTt](lLO unVOll ELVaL xatci xavova aSLonOL~OL~a, ~OVO ~ETci ana ~La ~E 1iU0 B(la-
OLE£ d;OLXELW01]£. Ax6~1], oAE£ am££ OL ESETcioEL£ E(VaL nOAllocinavE£ OE O,TL acpo(lci Ta Esooa XaL to n(loow1tLXO XaL YL'allTo OEV Ilno(louv va oLESaxOovv YLa xci0E aOeEV~ W£ n(looavatoALotLxt] ES£Ta01] y,a T1] oLciyvWOll TOll a0e')01l ~ toll VOO1]QOV (lOXaA1]tou. Ava1tTVSa~E AOLnov ~E 01]~aVTLXci anAovOTE(l1] 11£8000, OT1]V onoLa xataYQcicpOVTaL W5vo OL OOQllBOL toll QoXaA1]toU, o XO(lWIlO£ TOll a(~ato£ IlE OSllYOVO lIaL 1]XaQOLa%lj OllXVOT1]Ta. AllIlj 1]IlE()OOO£ OEV nclQa%wAvEL xa8oAoll T1] cp1l0LoAoYL%t] Qot] vnvou TOll a08Evt] %aL %atci %avova aQ%EL ~La E/;£TaOll, YLa va %(.(OOQlOOll~E tL£ IlETEnELTa EV£QYELE£.
To npoYPQllllQ TIle; Ulm
Ana TO 1986 nQoocpcQETaL 010 navEnLaTljllLo 11]£ DIm Eva nQoYQalllla YLU 11]v avaYVl6QLoll XaL 8EQancCa mOfLwv IlE a(Je[)o xU( vOO1lQo QoxaA1]To, nOll OllOLaOTL%ci OLESt]X81]%E ano 11]v ulTOQLVOAU(luyyoAoYLxt] %ALvLxt] XaL Oto onolo OUIl~c'Elxav OL XEL(lOllQYLXE£ xALvLxE£ OTollmo; - YVciOOll XaL nQoocimou.
o
ELK. 18 'Eva~ a08EVn~ OTO Epyaornpto unvou. ' . Me 'n] ~o~()El~ amcOv TWV ~eT(l~OEWV, YLVCTaL xatavo1]TO OtL 1] eplle:LoAOYLX1].Oll~E(lLCPOQci xmci toy unvo ~nOQEL va h(.(~tulH1X()EL XaL ,ano ,TOV TQono TWV ESETciOErJlV 010 E(lya
a00Evlj£ nOll naQanovLETClL YLa "wato QoXaAllTot] XaL xa(laX'1]QLOTLXt] xonw011xmci 'l1v 1]1l£Qa, EQw,citU( OE IlLa XLV1]Ilj E/;ETa01l IAE EVel ELOLXO EQum]lAatoAOYlo, YLa nEQlOomEQE£ nA1](lOCpO(lLE£ OXEtLxci IAE 11]v unelQS1]IALac; avanvEllOTlXt]; OUOXEQELac; xatci toY vnvo, IIuQciAA1]Aa lAc 11]v uXQLBt] WTO(lLvo),aQllyyoAOYL%t] E/;ETa01l, nOll OUiA1tEQLAuIABcivEl xU( toy EAcyxo Tll£ QLVL%t]£ AcLtouQY(w;, nQaYlAaTonOLELTU( %aL IALa XELQOllQYL%t] d;E,a01] 11]£ YVciOoll YLU TCC; OUVOt]lIE£ IAci01lO1l£, YLU TCC; onolE£ YLVETaL EnL01l£ lA,a nAcXYLa a%TLvoYQacp(u 11]£ %ECpaAt]£ xU( ,all AaLIlOU. fLu vu nA1](locpoQ1]80u~E OXETL%ci J.LE OTEVcOOELC; OT1]v nEQLoXt] 11]£ ~ci011£ 11]£ yAcOoouC;, nQay~atonOLELTu( ~LU BLVTEOEvOOOxon1]01l TIl; uvcO"tEQll£ aEQocpoQOll ooou.
64
H OLa"QL01'] ava[t£Oa ow aO(J)O "aL VOO1']QO QOXaA1']tO YLVEtaL [lEOW t1']£ V1JXtEQLV~£ EI;Eta01']£ ow EQyam:~QLO U1tV01J, 1'] 01tOLa OLEl;aYEtaL W LOlO ~ "a1tOLO aAAO BQa01J. MEta t1']v £){'tL[t1']01'] OAUlV tOlY E1JQ1'][tC1tWV, ES1']YELtaL m:OV a08£v~ 1'] OlaYV(!)o1'] "aL 1tQOtELVEtm [.lLa OEQa1tE1JtL"~ aywy~. 'OAa 'ta O1'][.laV'tl"a £1JQ~[lata a1tOO1']"EUOV'taL "m XQ1']Ol[101tOlOUVtm Yla 01JY"QLOEl£, otav EAEYXE'tm 1'] E1tlTUXLa t1']£ OEQa1tELa£. fl'a1JtO 0 a08Ev~£ EsEtai;EtaL Sava, Yla [tla vuxta ow EQyam:~QLO U1tV01J.
E1tElO~ to QoxaA1']tO 1tQo"aAELtaL ~ E1JVOELtm a1t0 1tOAAOU£ 1taQayoV'tE£, bEV [.l1tOQEL va boBd Eva EVLaLo OEQa1tE1JtL"O [.lEOO Yla oAa ta ato[la 1t01J QoxaALi;o1JV, av "aL OL 1tEQlOOOtEQOL ECPE1JQE'tE£ LOX1JQLi;oV'taL on ta ECPE1JQ~[lata t01J;:; ELvm "ataAA1']Aa "[.lEOa YLa t1'jv "ata1tOAE[t1']01'] t01J QoxaA1']tOu". Movo [.lE'ta t1'j bLEsayo[tEVl'j d;E't"01'] [.l1toQouv va O1Ji;1']t1'jOouv ,a I-lEtQa YLa tOY "aBE a08E~, SEX(!)QLm:a. OL BEQa1tE1Jtl"E; [tEOOOOL OLa"QLVOV'tm OE O1JVt1']Q1']""E;:; "aL XELQ01JQYL"E;:;.
A:Jt0 to 1989 lOQv81']"E m:1']v (!)toQLvoAaQ1JyyoAOYL"~ "ALVL"~ W1J 1taVE1tlm:T][lL01J t1']£ Ulm, Eva nOL"o t[t~[ta QLVOAOYLCl£ "aL QoYX01ta8WDV ('t[.l~[ta Yla QLVL"~ OEQa1t£La "aL aoOEvElE£ QoxaA1']Wu), oW O1WLO 1taQaAAl'jAa [IE t1'] BEQa1tELa tUlV aoOEVWV, oL£sayoVtm EVta""E£ EQE1JV£; 1tavUJ ern£ aVa1tVE1JOn"r£ OLataQaXE£ "ata tOY U1tVO "m to QOXCtA11't0. ; I ! I
I,
II
M£CUlO1'] tOU BaQou;:; A1tocpuy~ "atavaA(!)01'];:; OLV01tVEU[latO;:; A1tocpuy~ 1J1tVUltL"WV "aL 1']QE[tLm:L"WV cpaQ[.la"Ulv y yLElV~ tOU U1tVOU AAA"Y~ t1'j;:; m:ao1'];:; tOu OWl-latO;:; LUO,,£UE;:; acpU1tVL01'];:;, El;ao,,1']01'] O1J[.l1tEQLcpOQa; L'tO[ta'tL"O; vaQB1']"a;; AVa1tVEum:L"~ 1tQOOUl1tLba (NCP AR) aQ[ta"E1JtL"~ 8EQa1tELa AvoQ8000sa [tE'Qa ElEQa1tELa'tOu O1JV'tQOCPOU "ma tOY U1tVO
Ii
II I,
I
(DUOl"a, I;E"Lva ""VEL; YEvL"a 't'1 OEQa1tELa [tE [tEoa 1tOU EiVaL ALYOtEQO 1tEQL1tAO"a "aL tJ1tOOxoV'tm E1tltUXLa, 01tUl;:; YLa 1taQaOELY[ta '1 ~lE(OlO1'] 'tOU BaQo1J; "aL 1'] "1tOCPUY~ t01J OLVO1tV EU [ta'to;, ""OW; "aL tUlV U1tVOltL"roV "aL 1']QE[tLOtL"WV cpaQ[ta,,(!)v.
66
67
Tl npoaqn;pa 1l ~8(Wall TOU fl6.pouc;; '01tOLO, BEAEt va XaOEt /3a!}O,
aAA1'] xaAaQolVEL lOlaLtEQa TO IlEyaAo IlV TT]C; YAolooa" ELVaL xaTaV01']'tO YlaTL 1'] ano
O£ Ba 1t!}E1tCl va r!}om
O!}E"""a "al an, rov "V!}'OV YEvllaro, dVal1t!}OTlIlOr£!}o va omllarrjoEt ro /3!}aOIVO cpaYrJro.
H anolAELa ~oov nEQLTIolv xlAolv ELVaL 'to
AnocpuYJl unVWTlKWV Kat llP<'~lOTlKWV cpap~6.Kwv : i
H anolAEla paQov, ll£lolVEl AOlnov, clXl 1l0VO ~11 ovxvo~l]Ta XaL ~'lv EVW0'l tOV QoxaAl]tou, aAAa xm 'toy aQl81l0 ~oov
VOO'lQolv Olaxonolv ~1']C; avanvolj" £vol Il£ ~ov xmQo nQoaYEl O£ V1jJ1']AO paBllo xm TT]v av'tOn£l8aQxLa. IIoAAa XElQovQYlxa IlE~Qa 8a nQEnEl £nLOYJe; va AallPaVOVtaL 1l0VO ~OtE, OWV nEQlllEVOVIlE ano TOV a08£vlj va IlWOOEl 'to O
Ka~l6. KOTav6.AwOll Olvonveu~OTOC; TpelC; wP<'C; nplv an6 TOV unvo
EnEL01j TO OlVOitVEVlla anD TT] rua Il£Qla OlaTaQaOOEl TO OVVTOVlOIlO TWV avanvEvmLXCOv IlVolv mov EyxE<paAo XaL ano TT]V
Ta nEQLOOO~EQa vnVOOTlxa XaL 1']QE[UOTlxa cpaQllaxa, xa8(lJ, xm ~a 1jJvxocpaQllaxa xm Ta aVTlLmallLVlxa (cpaQllaxa XllTa TooV aAAEQYlolv), EXOVV Il"a naQOIlOla EnLOQa01'] move; IlvC;, onwc; XaL 'to OlvonVEvlla xm 001']yOUV OE rua EX~E~aIlEv1'] Ilv'Lxlj xaAaQwOYJ. ME av~6v 'toy ~Qono mEvEuovv T1']V avanVEVmLxlj 066 xm nQoayovv ~o QoxaA1']To OE oAa ~U maOlu 'tov unvov. Amlj 1'] mLOQa01'] EVlOXUECaL E1tlnQooOna IlE T1']V xmavaAooOYJ olvonv£ulla'tO" Ela nQEnEl AOlnov xaBE a'tOIlO nov QOXUAC<;EL va OV~l']T1jOEL IlE 'to YlmQo 'tov nOla uXQlBol, vnvoo~lxa XaL l]QElllouxa IlEoa ELvm EVTEAol, unaQaLT1]Ta m1']v xaBE nEQL1tT(,)01'].
!
nWC; avn"a~fl6.v<'TQl Kavdc; Tllv UYl8lvtl TOU unvou;
69
68
NJ...aYrl Tile; mClOlle; TOU aWIlUTOe;
Q£ UYLEIVtj taU UJtVOU avtLAa~Bavo~amE AOlJtOV ~La au~JtEQlcpOQa, l] oJtoCa JtEQLAa~BavEL ~La tmmxtj xm LXaVOJtOLl]UXtj IlLaQXELa UJtVOU, ~E axEtLXa maOEQtj wQa EVaQSl]£ tOU uJtvou. Auto al]~aCVEL o~w£ au JtQEJtEL va JtaQmtl]80U~E xm aJto tl]v xmavaAwal] ~Eawv Jtou EltLcpEQouv ~EtaBoAE£
KaEJE av8QwJto£ ~E EVtaVO auvaXL, YVWQCl;EL au XWQC£ cpaQ~axa xOl~atm avtjauxa u£ VUXtE£ xm suJtvaEL auxva . EJtCal]£ O1]~ELwvOvtm auxvE£ OLaxoJtE£ tl]£ avaJtvotj£. To aCuo YL'aUtO ECvm l] EVtOVl] m~atwal] taU BAEvvoyovou, ~E tl]v oJtoCa mEvEuEL l] aVWtEQl] aEQocpoQo£ 006£. ME Eva aJt0cpQaxuxo cpaQ~axo YLa tl] ~Utl] xm ~la u1jJl]AOtEQl] 8Eal] tl]£ xEcpaAtj£ xm tOU avw ~(Qou£ tOU xOQ~ou, JtEQlltOU xma 30 ~OtQE; aE aXEa'l ~E ta oQL~6vtl0 EJttJtEOO (ELx. 19), ~ElwvE1;m al]~avuxa auttj 'I U1jJl]Atj avtlmaall ml] ~Utl] xm aJtoxa8Catatm sava II X(lVOVLXtj JtOQEta taU Ultvou. LE ~EQlxa ata~a ~E 0X l xm toao EvtOVO QoxaAllto, ~JtOQEt ~E auttjv tllV anaytj tl]£ maall<; taU aw~mo<; va EltLtEUX8Et JtQay~mLxa ~La ~EtW
o'tov lhtvo.
all taU QoxaAlltav .
=
•
1
I
=
nWe; 5pouv OL auaK£uee; a<jJlJnvLOIle;; Kma xavova, oAE£ Ol auaxEUE£ acp1lltVL01]£ JtQoooa80uv va CPEQOUV tOY aa8Evt] xma t'l olaQXELa tOU uJtvou altO t'lv uJttla 8(01], oJtou QoXaACl;EL, Ol"lV JtAdYla 8E01], Ot'1V oJtoCa OE QoXaAt~EL. Aut6 EltLwyxaVEtm ~E t'l Botj0Ela t'l£ EJtovo~a~o~Evll£, JtQOJtOVl101]£ au~EQLcpoQa£ (Elx. 20). 'Otav 0 aa8Evt]£ JtaQaYEL 80QuBou£ QoxaAlltOU Ot'1v uJttla 0E01], suJtvaEL YLa JtaQaoELwa ~E Eva xQoumLx6 QEu~a xm YUQvaEl
EIK.19 H u~~M
eeo~
Kovoypa
TOU WjlUAIOU ~£IWV£I ~v uVTiomon u116 TOV Dr. med. JUrgen Nagel).
o~ ~UT~
(£1-
aw JtAdy"a.
ErrC01]£, to aJtQwl;l~O altO tOY EVOXA"I~EVO ativtQocpo xma tOY UltVO, ~OQEC va JtQoXaAEaEL auttjv t'l OlQocptj ma JtAdy"a. MEQLxoC av8QwJtOl avtloQouV JtQay~atLxa aE auttjv t'lV EVEQYELa acp1lltVlO1]£ xm Aa~Bavouv, maoLaxa 01.0 xm ltLO auxva, auttjv t'lv JtAdYLa 8EOfI JtaQa t"lV uJttla. Ka" t£tOlD ovo~a~Etm ltQoJtoVl101] xmama01]£ tj JtQoJtoV'101] au~EQLcpoQa£. To ~ElDvEXt'l~a autt]£ t'l£ 8EQaltEla£ xma t'l au~EQLcpoQa olOV UltVO, ELvm Otl to ato~o Jtou xOl[.latm xm QoXaACl;EL AOYw tWV oLaQxwv acpultVtaEWY tOU, EltLwyxaVEL EAdX'Ola to Ba8u UltVo. 'EtaL, II 60~tj taU UltVOU tOU ~oQEC va oLmaQax8Et axo~l] JtEQlaaOtEQo.
71
70
L,,[OI-lOTIKOC; vap8llKQC;
2:VV£1tW" OL ltQOOltU8ELE, va f1tl']QEUOOVI-IE"tO QoXaAI']'O I-IE OVO>tEVE, aqJ1JltVLOI'j" Oa ltQEltEL va YLVOV'taL YLa ALYE, E~OO~UO£, >tal l-IuALma I-I0VO OE u"tOl-la I-IE aElwo QoXaAI']'O, 'ta OltOLa QoXaAU;ow >tVQLW, ml']v vmLa 8EOI'j. na'ta u"tOl-la 1-1£ VOOl'jQO QoXaAI']'O, ltOV QoXaAU;ow OE oAE, '" OEOEL, "tOV OWI-la'to" OL OVO>tEVE, mpVltVLOI'j, OEV EXOW >taVEva vOl']l-Ia ~ ELVaL a>t0l-ll'] >tal Em~~I-ILE"
2:E a08EvEl, 1-1£ >ta>t~ ovY>tALOl'] tWV yvu8wv >tal ltOAV I-IL>tQ~ >tUtW yvaGo, I-IltOQ£L I-IE 'I'] ~0~8£L(l EVO; VVX,EQLVOV mOI-la'tL>toV vUQ01']>ta va I-IELWElEL Ol']l-IavtL>tu I'] ovxvo'tl'j,a "tOv QoxaAI']"tOv. ME avtov"tOv tQOJtO, I-IJtOQE( va I-Ifta'tommEl JtQo; 'ta I-I1tQomu, YLa I-IEQL>tU XLALomu, I'] >tUtW yvuElo; >tal I-Ia~( I-IE am~v >tal I'] ~uOl'j tl']; YAwooa;, wmE va I-IEyaAwoEL I'] aEQocroQo; oM; JtLOW altO 'I'] yA(iiooa.
ELK. 21 LTO~OTlK6, VUp8nKO, (KOTU Dr. Dr. Wiegel). IIQLv tl']v JtQooaQl-loy~ EVO; ,EtOLOV o"tOl-la">tov vUQ81']>ta, JtQEJtEL va JtQaYl-la'toJtoLI']8£( I-Ita oxoAamL>t~ OQOOltEOL>t~ ESE,aOl'j tl'], yvuOov, YLa va £>t"1-II']0£( I'] 8EOI'j a'lly>tALOI']; ,elV yvu8wv >tal I'] uQOQWOl'] 'I']; yvu80v. H >ta'tao>tEv~ amov "tOtJ vUQ81']>ta (EL>t. 21) altaL,£( I-IEYUAI'] EI-I1tELQ,a, YLa,( I-I"a a>ta,aAAI']AI']1tQooaQl-loy~ I-IJtOQE( va OOl']y~OEL OE OtJ0XEQEl£; ml']v uQ8Qwol'] 'I']; yvu80tJ. EJto!'Evw;, YLVE'taL sE>tu8ago Otl Eva; mOl-la">to; vug01']>ta; Oa rrgEJtEL va rrQooaQI-IO~EtaL Esa"tO~ll >tEvl-lEva mov >tUBE a00Ev~ >tal Ott bEV EXfl VOl']lla I-ILa I-Ia~l>t~ rragaywy~ o"tOl-la,,>tolV vag8~>twv. H 8EQaltELa I-IE Eva mOl-la,,>to vaQ81']>ta I1ltoQ£( va owovaoTE( >tal 1-1£ aAAa I-IEOa, OltW; Yla ltaQuottYl-la ~lE XElQOtJQYl>t~ £1tEI-IBaol'] mo tJltEQWlO lmLo. ME "to mOl-la'tL>tO VUQ81']>ta EXOW £m,EtJx8E( OE IlEQl>tE; ltEQlmWOEL; ltOAV >taAa arrO'tEAEOI-la'ta. OlltEQl0001£QOL ao8Ev£(; ovvI']8U;ovv va"tOv crogovv, ~lEQl>tO( 0I-lW; OEV 1-I1t0Qovv va"tOv
[IK.20 nw, ~ITOpc( Kavc(, va qlEPCI Eva UTO~O nov pOX0).((CI on6 TllV uITno 8con OTnV n).0Ylo, ?ITOV ~nopc( vo KOl~UTQl, xwp(, VO pOX0).((CI (EIKovoypOq>non ono TOV Friedrich Hartmann).
OtJvl'] 8 (oow.
I..
73
72
nwc; AErroupye( 11 aVanVEUOTIK~ npoawn(oa; OL AtJat(laAoL Sullivan xat Issa, avaxaAu1jJav atL 1] £1tLXLVOtJV1J nE(lID)(rj TIje; aE(lOcpO(lOU 00011 nou 111t0(ltL va anOCp(la)(TEL ata d'to~a nou (lO)(aAt<;01JV xmd 'tov 11nvo, ELVat 01JVa'tov va ata8E(lOnOL1]8EL av 0 aE(lae; 'tOY moLo EID3tVEEL 0 aa8Ev1'je; 3tQooAa~~dvnat ~Eaa ano ~La (lLVLxrj n(loauJJtLOa, ~E ~La unE(lnLE01] avd~EOa ata 5 EK XaL 15 EK atrjA1]e; VE(lOU. LTIjV £1t1DTIj1-L0VLXrj YAooaa amrj I] ElE(lanEmLxrj I-L,Wo60e; X(xAEL'tm (lLVLXOe;, auvE)(OI-LEVOC; aE(lu:J~Oe; uno tJ1jJ1]Arj nLEO~ (ELK 22). Il(loiiJ,oOE01] YLa TIjv =atEAEO~mLx6TIj'ta amrjc; 't1]e; n(lOalOnLOaC; ELVat ~La EAE1.i8E(l1'] (lLVLXrj exvaltVorj. 1101'], Eva Evmvo auvd)(1 b1]~IDU(lYEl aoBa(ld n(lOBArjl-Lata· n(lClwmLXEe; 01JOXOALEe; OI-IVle; ~I-LLOU(lYouv OL 3t(xQax(J)AuaE[(; 't1]e; (lIVLOtrje; avexnvorje; MYUl tJnEQ1:(locp"XWV QLVLXcllV XOY)(cllV, axoALwaElOv 'tOtJ QLVLXOU Olmp(ldYllmOe; rj (lLVLXWV noAtJnooUlV. Amrj I] aValtVEtJatLxrj n(lOaWnLOa oQa onwc; Eva tJO(lonAdvo. H ClValtVEUatlxrj 006e; OLa't1](lEL'tat AOlnov elvOL)(T1'] ~Ea(J) EVO; ClEQOcpO(101J ~a~LAa(lIDU. ME a1J'tov 'to auvE)(O~EVO aE(lLaIlO xd'tlO em6 tJ1jJI]Arj nLE01], notJ EV auvm~La xaAEL'tat NCPAP, (mo 't1]v aYYAlxrj Excp(la01] "nasal continuous positive ailways pressure Tl , aratJ,.a1:ovv EVTEhO); OAOL OL 80(ltJ~OL (lO)(aAI]'tOu, xCl8cllt; xm oAa 'ta anocp(lClx'tLxd £1tEu:JOOlCl anvolae;. Ila(loAa au'td 0lllOt;, amo LO)(UEL ~ovov 6tav CPO(lL£tal I] avanvEtJatLxrj n(lOaCllnLOa. Max(lo)((lOVLEe; ((lEWEe; E)(OW OELSEL on IlLa 'tE'tOLa n(lOOCunLOa, notJ ELvat atlTov61]'t0 on atov UltVO Clcp1'jVEL EvtEAcll; EAEU8EQO 'to atolla, CPO(lLE'tat yLCl ~a X(lO X(lOVLXO OLdat1]~Cl, ~ovcixa an6 ta 61.i0 't(lLta 't(J)V aaGEvcllV. H aVClltVEUatLxrj n(lOalOnLOa xoatt<;EL nE(lUtotJ 5000 YE(l~ClVLXd ~d(lxa' otJattJXwc; O~Clle; na(louOLdl;EL Xat xdnOLCl I-LELOvEx't1'j~ata: OL aVanVE1JatLxoL OOOL ~E(laLVOvtat E1JXoM'tE(lCl xat OL (l"VLXOL BAEVVOYOVOL n(lrjl;ovtat, LOlaL'tE(la atLe; (lLVLXEe; XOY)(Ee;. OL £1tlJ1:E<jl1JXO'tE; 't(J)V I-La'tlWV E(lE8t<;ovtat ~Ea(J) 't01J OLa(lXOUe; (lEU~a'tOC; aE(la, n01J ~E(lLXOL aa8EVELe; 'to ata8civovtat aav 'to 't(lE~L~O ~E ~O'tOauxAEta. Ex'toe; anD 't1] OLa(lxrj E~d(l't1]01] ano amo 'to ~I])(ci V1Jlla, aE xci8E 'tono EVO)(AeL mlO1]C; xat Evae; O)(Enxci owa'tOC; 86QtJBoe; AELT01J(lYLac; 't1]e; auaxE1Jrje;.
I
,I,'I
;!
ELK, 22 Ao8Evlic; ~E avallvEuoTlKIi IIpoowllioa.
IIOLOt UU8£V£lS XQ£ta~oV'tat UVUltV£\lu'tt~ll ltQoUOlltiou;
H 8E(lrutECa IlE 't1]v aValtVEuatLxrj n(lOalOnLOa 8a nQEnEL va n(lay~monOLEL'tat aE amoue; 'toue; aa8EvEie;, moue; OnOLo1Je; OEV ELVat Owa't6v va Ecpa(llloatouV dMa I-tEaa rj OEV £1ta(lxouv. LE amoue; avrjxow aa8EvEie; ~E aauv1'j8tata nOMEe; OLaxonee; avClltVorje; (ndvCll ano 40 avd cll(lCl), 1JnE(lBa(lOUe; aa8EvELc;, aaGEvELc; nOll OEV EVOtacpE(lOvtat a(lxE'td Yla XEL(101J(lYLx6. IlE't(la rj ano(l(lUt'tow'te'tOLEe; £1tEIlBdaw;. /1tJattJ)(We;, ~E(lLXOL Cla8EvELC; anD ne;
DA oX9~0 MOX} a
lD"
8: D)~(1) D~ 'S9r1lD,(
° )30D03~
°fl01Lt"{DxOa 'J)1990131£3 Dll1)'l{ j~l( lAW )1\') ~lh I
ALLri
DA D1A "Wl'(pO ~"(1)"DODl£ Ala )3'(D"OO1£ DA 1m} lD" LLoLLA)" 30 5(1)1£"9" lD~3"0)Og DA 3W,D 'DOO~'(" LL~ 9riOD9 0101;11 30
~)ttj(lLlA() Am 130jlri /\3 13'('(}WDlDX M)'('=01001£ H 'Stmll'(nXoO ~l()"IIl)()/\ 551lCOXD1g 10 53Ao1A51 Da31)Dlql lDAJ3 O)OlCO A010 "Oi\1fll
13~e303 DA J LLOD1";lOO1£ LL lD" Y DA~'((1)O 9"'WD'(3 Am 91£D DO}rI DO}D "9cbOOODAD DA lD1"9rilO" rt01£ orim"9 OllDA)3 Dri03,( -;no1£D 01 ,smprl9w St0W13'(" rtm LL'(J3X DW (1),1."91£ '"9"'03l(J)~3 a
0)1(1) 01 lDX Dl1A99 D1 91£D (1)0)1£ '"9"'031CD03
(101
"9w" oOjlli 9"'1(13UD030 S(1) )31ODrl1"og 13Xjl (101£ '1'/\),(11:1£,,11
'9"'=,(ODlD"'~n 01 lD" S(1)1£9 '5313Ailjl/\30D1£ 53111lip.()11£JA" 5jl"'~Drlllo 5c01i9 '30"9'OrlOOD1£ 13Xa. '5Dl0i\1£"9 S~"'1XDad)(l1m Stu lloCD)31i lL1 DlA "9"'9DOo1£O /\D19101£OrllDUOX '~Oi\1£D/\D AUw ,)"11 -031.31\1 "90911£3 rt01£ 'M903W3Ao01£rl~0093ri 'uA9lioo ~"''(D(10~30 -001£
8: 0)'C0 01
'sDoo~'(A sLLl ~cbrtoo" ALLw (1),1."91£ lD~)313001£01 J sDA~'((1)O 50,1.
-3ri9A131"3 0 'C£Z ''''t!) Y DA~'((1)O rt01 LLOD1"}OO1£ LL lDA)3 rt01£ 'J DA~'((1)O 9"'WD'(3 "9'03ri D1ri LL~ 91£D oA3ri9A131"3 ADl lD" a lD" 8: D)~(1) "9"'WD'(3 D,("9A3ri 0St\? 3ri 'y DA~'((1)O 9"'WD'(3
I,t""'(llo UlD" SI!DJ1£tl -5lL1S,30"90g11£310 A(t01dJ3'(go01£ DA A(tooouri ,1.39 Jm1A 'uA3ri(tmLLg01mliD lDA)3 'UA),(lm038 U 5(1)1£9 '~OA1£ -DAD AU! D1A A(1)""9riaDcb A~"1103"319 lloll)01£OmouoX
H
ADA} 91£D lD1)3'(3101£D sLLD30St3cb3 sLLl s~1rtD O1ri9Wl1£3 o~"
III
:StmLL'(DXoo rtOl ~1£OO101£D ALLl m" ~rt3"OrtO LL8rt0'(9"D ALL1 m"
I:
'snqnoJ ow mpnUltI ono 010St" AOW sD)AX311030rt3 Dri(1),(1£N 'SD)AX311030rt3 o)3cbDoA 9X100mO"0~rtD 01 91£D 3"LLo~ri3A
'(10A1£St 9ri8rlO 9"'AOAD" ,1.010 "9"'~Drillo 13A)Dgri31£3 DA 5)OCDX 'OA1£(t ,1.010 lD1)3'(D"001£
Ii
rt01£ DliA"901£ 'SDAArtO"9m 13,1.)3'(" DA lD" Mm1£)uriM DA DA m -ArlO"9 StO"l1DriolO rlm A(1)~!)Ii(1)X1m ACr)1 1l0"9~ AU! 13':lJ03riDOD1£
-01£D 'Z681 Sm? 01 91£D j761~9 ON D1Ajlm1£ ALL1 Dl1 '13~'(DXOO rt01£ aorl9m
rtOl 'sD)3"rt SlL1LLODW"9'D" AI11 00319001031£ LLri9"D ArtO<\t"9'(g DA ASt0001£rI ~ StmLL'(DXoo rtOl "9m" "9"l1Dri03,(3101£DAD lDA)3 rt01£ 'D1Dri")39DOD1£ "9"'03ri lD~AOOjlcbD/\D D13X}AM LL~3:
,
°
DA 31£301£? DO o"DliO"9m 01015'1 DAa. '5~0'\1£Di\D Sll1 S~1£O"Dl9 SU!lD" (t01U'(DXOO rtm pm" (t01UDX 59,1.3 It(13''0 -DOD1£ U )30Xrl3111£3 13Xjl ,1.39 D(13ri~ 10X}ri 'S~Xrt1OrlV
S~"l1"DOcboUD
:OOlll'/DXod nOl 9lD)! O)!orld9cb J\noXd911A
,St0111'(DXOO Djl'(OWD/\D i\D/\}/\D" D1" /\993Xo 'DO~1 10X}11 5(1)li9 )3WlriO"OOO1£ 13Xi! /\39 LL~1399UD Dl01}~ 'i\rto:inDXOO rt01£ /\(1)ri9m ACD1 '/\(1)1"(lrlcDm
mw
-M lD" i\(1)30~'(XO/\3 /\(1)1 s130,011,(3g S3ril0~0131i "9"'/\3ri13"'~D 'rtO/\1£St S3"~0i\(t0 Sjl"DlollwDA03 91£D (1)1"9" /\St00 X13 9 0 1£ -D /\D19 i\O/\9ri 'lOri10~101£Oli1011oX lD/\)3 D/\ /\St0001£rI "StmLL'(DXoo 5)3'(oWD/\D" 101mjl~ '13':lJ'(DXOO rt01£ orim"9 01 "90D1£ 'lL1}Ort3cb3 rtm 1'(9d)01CJ01£ 01 00319001031£ /\St0'(3cb(1) lD" "9"'0W' jlW1£ )31ODli1,,09 /\rtoX? /\39 00910(1) 5jlrt3"ortO 5303190Dl031£ 10 'MJ30jlO
-a3cb3 rto)3cbDoA (to"1D1£(1)Ort3 rtm 0)3XOD OW lD~O"DJOg S3~jlW1£ s31mjl~ 9UD SjldmoA,031£ 0017 9UD (1)/\"911 ,St0111'(DXOO rtm LL9J3 D1 D,(9 i\rt00St3UD030 D/\ /\(lOoouri /\30~9 S3)01£O 10 '53~jlW1£ S300cb -"9'9 S~X3/\M lD~0/\)3W01£ 'D1/\90X 539"9~OW"3 lD" ~9a
OOlll'/DXod nOl ;no)! Odljlrl 030QgedoJ\'v' w;
'D9)1£OlDOO1£ It'''1Ort3A1£DAD U D)D"ADAD AO}'(1£ lD/\)3 ALLIi DA xmXjlAM Uw 31Og) 'luj:tri Uw lloDgri;l1£3lt",AOrt0013X
~ rtO)101 rt01,D031£rt rtm lloU0)3X"3 It'''1OD'(1£ D1ri 31i Dl3Xjli\rt0 Uw )31rt3UD030 DA)300uri '500"9\J rtm 9"'Wri(1)0 ,1.05"(1£11£3 01 130~13ri nriUw"919 9"'/\00X 01 91rtD 30 /\Y 'UODW"9W" It'''A3A It,(D'' Dlri 30 'llo3)1£ It,(u<\ta 91£rt Stori0103D St0"'/\10 rt01
CDO}rllD~)3AU90 51,tA3 80
-D 0 'Sllol1£~13ri1~D 5lt",AOrt0013X 5Ul D)31£D030001£ S(1) lD" J3811101£OrilDLLoX D/\ )3oouri Dq)1£CDOOO1£ It'''1Ort3AUD/\D H 'DjriOlO013XDO~ AU! 3ri "9'(D" (t'(01£ i\rtOAOjlmDW" D1 'S3)013uri3 DO~1 10X?ri S,~ 3ri DACDd)riStO
'5)3/\300D 10 jO~rtY 'DjriOW013XD01 Dlri 3ri OASJri S)3/\D" 1301,t0UOg 5rl01 DA )3oouri DA Dri03,(?WUD 31i 'D9)1£CDOOO1£ It'''1Ort3AUD/\D AU! lD" uli9"D ASt0eX3AD D/\ A(tOOO1£ri /\39 '539"9rio S3A3ri903mD/\DOO1£
vL
77
76
O't"l]v aQxrj toU alwva ElarjyaYE Evav m(6wflo QoXaA"Y)toV, nou unot(OEtaL Otl 8a EflJtOOll;E 't"l]v mWm") 't"l]'; XaAaQrj,; xutW yva801J. ECjlEUQE't"l]';, n01J fla!;( flE tOY Knaus, Myw TClJV naQa't"l]QrjoEwv to1J EyLVE nayx60flla YVClJOTOC; Yl'aml'jv 't"l] Qv8fllOl], 6EV E(XE m(yVClJOI] Otl 0 XaAaQo,; flEyaAO'; flU'; 't"l],; YAwooa,; OtJfl~aMElX1JQCClJ'; OTOV anoxAELOflo 't"l]'; avWtEQI]'; a£QocpoQ01J 060v. uOlXa, amo,; o fl1J'; 6EV £1tl]QEaI;ETaL ano toY mC6£Oflo TOU oayovLOv.
o
EIK.24 0 OKOU
EIK.23 LUoK£ue,-{ipyava yla TIlV aITOTPOITn TOU poxaAnTOO aITO TOV Otto Francke (1892). '
. '.
To 1877 0 J~hn An Wyeth nEQleYQa1jJE eva oxovcpo vJtVou,
11."" IfmOq)"nOlOUO£ 't"l]v XaTClJ yva80 O't"l]v avw yva80, WOTE va 'I'm )(~I1;E~ "IV nuum") 't"l],; XaTClJ yva80u XaTa tOY vnvo (ELK 24). Ihll <; IfXFlllFlt; nQt'nEl va exavE XaL 0 16.Jtwva,; Ogino, 0 onoloc;
,I
MEQLXO( EnCo£OflOL Jtlel;o1JV tl]v xatClJ yva80 nQo,; t"Y)v aV()) yva00, naQEflnoo(t;ovTa,; flE amov TOV tQono t"Y)v avanvorj ano to OTofla. Amo flnoQEC flaAlOTa va y(V£l £JtlxCv61JV0, oTav yta naQa/iElYfla to aTOflo n01J QOXaA(t;El eXEl OVVaXl, flE TO va fll]v flJt0QE( nAEov va ELonvEvoEl ano tl] flllt"Y) lX(1VOnoll]tly,rj noOOtl]Ta OSuyOV01J.
78
79 Y1JQL(;£L crtr]V UltUU 8EOlj, UXO['1'] XL UV OE QOXUAL(;EL. MLU TEWLU OCPULQU OLmUQUOOEL AOLltOV Tl'jV 1JYLELVij OO['ij W1J UltV01J, EltELOij 1'] UJt1LU 8EOlj Au['BuvEtm CP1JOLOAOYLXU ltOAAEC; CPOQEC; xmu T1'] OLUQXELU TWV ltEQLOOWV UltV01J. EJtLOljC;, OAEC; OL aUYXQOVEC; EltLVOijOELC; xmu T01J QaxUA1']WU, OltWC; ['USLMgL QOXUA1']ToV, OOV1'jTEC; QOXUA1']WU, owonijQEC;
['~C; ij ltAUXETEC; 1JltEQWUe; x.d., XmUOLXU~OVTm xmu XUVOVU OE aJtOWXLU, YLmL OE AaIl~UVOW 1Jlt01jJ1'] T01Je; TU mO['LXU XUQUXTl'jQLOTLXU T01J xd0E UTO[,01J lt01J QOXUAL(;EL.
TI em
anOLOl) 'tov UJtvo "rtQLOV~EL" to 6.~
W['O lt01J QOXC'AL(;EL, ltQLV 01JS1']t1'j8eC 1'] AUOl'] tWV ~EXWQLatWV Ow['mLWV UltV01J;
EIK.25 To TPIK T~, npoYlaYlli, KaTu TOU poxa),nTOU xpnOl~OnOi(ilVTa, TO ~na),aKI TaU mVYK-nOVYK.
BUOLXd, ltQEltEL XUVELC; VU W1J 01JatijOEL va lt1]yaLVtl
y,a
UltVO VIJlQLtEQa UltO W aUVTQOCPO Ta1J, lt01J QOXUAL(;EC, watE W1JAdXLatOV VU UltOXOl['LETm UVEVOXA1']TU.
EltL01']C; .xm 1']
['E80~0c; '1']C;
QU['['EV1']e; [tltdAUC; W1J mvyx-
ltovyx: ato [,£(Jov 'L1]C; ltAU'L1]<:; 'L1]C; lt1JT\:d['u<:;, ltQoEQXE,m UltO 'U XQOVLU nov ltQOYLUYLdo(J)v: ltQoaltu8EL vu E[tltOOLOEL W d':0['0 lt~1J XOI['dW~, VU Y1JQLOEI at1']v UJt1IU SE01'], at1']v OltOLU, omJl<:; ~Lvm YVWOTO, QOXUAa;EI E1JxoA6,EQU UltO o,n at1']v ltAdY'"
Ow1']. H. atQOYY1JA1] 0cpu(Qu oQu ltdv(J) OE EVU OXA1']Qo
ott''''I'''
EvdvTCU atO QOXUA1']tO lt01J OEV ELvm ltdQu ltOAU EVTOVO ltQoatmEU01JV LXUVOltOl1']nxu Ol IJlToaaltillE,. AvdAOYU ['E TO 1JALXO, [tltOQOUV VU XmUltVLYOUV 80Q1J~OL QOXUA1']tOU, ['EXQL xm
30 Dezibel.
Amo 01']['ULVEL ltUQOAU U1JtU OU 1'] EVtUOlj twv
80Qu~wv QOXUA1']WU ~lJtOQEL vu EAUTIw8EL ltEQLlt01J xmd
10
cpoQEC;.
any EVU EQE810['U UCPUltVLOljC;, ['E UltOTEAEO[,U W UTO-
'OltOJc; EltLwyxdvnm ['EQLXEC; CPOQEC; ow dto[,u lt01J QOXU-
I'" ltO'Il X0'l,UWI vn Y1JQL(;EL atU ltAdYIU, YLU VU aJt0CPUYEL '1'] ')"OI'PF''':11 ltLE01'j. 0 E[tltVE1Jotije; U1JTije; '1']e; ['E80001J SExuaE cne 11:1 )(1() on 'to (ito~lO nov XOLllcX'tClL, Sl):rtV6.£L xci8f cpoQci nov
Aa;OW VU ~LELWOO1JV T01Je; eOQu~01Je; ,01Je; ['EOW 'L1]C; 8EQaJteCue; 't1']C; O1J[tltEQlCpoQdC;, ETOl EltLwyxdvnm xm OE IlEQLXOUC; EVaxA1']~IE V01JC; (J1JVTQOCP01JC; VU (J1JV1']8LOO1JV '01Je; 80Qu~01J<:; Ta1J 01JVTQOCP01J
80
81
'tOU£, IlEaw
xo'tO QoxaAl]'to 't01.J avtQa 'tl]£, reaQoAa a1.J'ta O[1UlC; OlJllavtLXa ALyo'tEQo, ureo 0,'tL reQLv 'tl] 8EQareELa 't1')£ xQ1JCP~C; ELOXWQ1']OlJ£. L'tl] O1.JVEXELa, bEY 't1')v EVOXAOVOE reAcov xu80Ao1.J 'to QoxaAl]'to 'tOU O1.JvtQocpou 'tl]C; XaL UreoxOL[1lo'tav uIlEOUl£. ME'tQu, 6JtCD£ uu't~I] EsaOXl]o1], f)Ol]()ovv 'tOY EVOXAl][1EVO ouV'tQocpo xma 'tOY vrevo, Ilovov areEvavn OE Eva a'tO[1o IlE O!-,OL0[10QCPO XaL O1.JyxQmxa OLyavo QoxaAl]'to. Av ol]AaiS~ OL EXQ1')xnXoL ()OQUBOL 't01.J QoxuAl]'tOv EVOC; mOIlO1.J IlE arevOLa 0xLt;01.JV 't1') V1JX'tEQLV~ 1')0uXLa IlEQLXEC; Exa'tOvtaoE£ cpoQEC;, bEY ELVaL ECPLX") [1E uu'ta 'tU ~u;oa, OE xavEva a'tOILO va BQEL aQXE't~ l]auXLU 0'tO LOLO OUl[1ano' LOLClL'tEQCl o'tuv 1'] axouonx~ reuQEvoXAl]ol] o1JVOUa~E'tClL XClL !-,E EVU EV'tQ0[10 ClL081')[1u ClVCl[1ov~C;, 'to oreoLo OLClAUE'taL, O'tClV EreavEQXE'tClL 0 CP1.JOLOAOYLXO£ QuOllo£ uVClrevo~c; llE'ta 'tl] OLuxore~ 'tl]C; areo 'to a'to[1o :Jt01.J QoxuALl;El. LE amE£ nc; reEQlJt'twaEL£ OL SEXCllQLmE£ xQE0moxallaQEC; ELVClL uvare6cpEux't1'] AV01], IlEXQL VU 1l1toQEOEl vu 008EL LmQLx~ 00~8Elu.
To on IlLa reaQolloLa 1.JreOIlOv~ 't01.J OOQu~01J 't01.J QoXaA1]'tOV, IlEQLXE£ CPOQEC; ELVaL ovvm~ 1l0VO IlEaw ExremOEmLX~C; ~O~OELa£, EXCPQa~naL m1']v E~LmoQ'la1] 'tWV 1jJ1.JXOAOyUlV 't1']£ a1.JllreEQlcpoQa£, Koebel XaL Christ, areo nc; H.IT.A. LE IlLa ELxoaaXQov1'] cpoL~'tQLa, reo1.J EWOOE IlLa 1.JreEQBoALxa IlEyaA1'] areomQocp~ areEVavtL mo iSvvmo QoxaA1]'to 't01.J aQQa0UlvLamLxou 'tl]e;, 'tOY oreoLo 0llwe; reaQoAa ama ~OE AE va reavtQE1.J'tEl, EcpaQlloml]xE 1'] axoAo1.J01] 8EQareELa: OL 1jJ1.JXOAOyOL 1]XoYQacp1']aav 'to QoxaA1']'to 't01.J aQQa~wvLamL xou TIj£ xoreEAac; aE IlLa xaaE'ta, YLa 12 AEma XaL 'to llayv1']'tOcpwv1']aav aE IlLa xaoEta OLuQxELa£ 60 AEmwv IlE'taOX1]llmLl;ovtac; 'to. A1.J't~v '1]v xaoEta 1'] CpOL't*QLa TIjv EBa~E va reaLt;EL OE BaOIlLoE£ a1.Jt;avoIlEV1']; EvtaOlJ£. ITQLV areOxOLIll]8EL, EreQEreE va Q1.J8IlLaEL EWL TIjv Evta01'], wmE va ll1']v 'tl]C; reQoxaAELtaL xlxllla areoirrQocp~. H BaOIlLoa 1 ~taV l]ltLO OLyav~, EVtil l] Ba81lLOlX 6 areEOLOE 'tl] cp1!OLoAOYLX~ Evtaol] 't01.J QoxaAl]'tov. L1UOXOALEC; reQoExu1jJav xma 'tl] llE'taBaOlJ areo 'tl] ~a81lLOa 1 ml] 0a()IlLOa 2. ME'ta area IlEQLXE£ ~QaolEC; EltLmQocp~c; ml] XC1.Ill]AO'tEQ'1 0a81lLOa QoxaA1]'tOu, 1] cpoL't*QLa areoxOLIlLotav aQxE'ta xaAa XaL fllt6QWE OXE'tLxa YQ~yoQa, IlEOa OE 32 BQal'lLa va Y1.JQLOEL "'l] [luOIlLoa 6, XUlQL£ vu 'tl]v EVOXAEL'to QoxuAl]'to. A1.J~ l] tEXVLX~ 'tl]£ "xQu
EyXElQ~aEL£ TIj£ [1v'tl]£ XaL 'tCllV YEl'tOVLXWV xOLAo~'tUlv.
AcpaLQwl] 'tl]C; cpaQuYyLx~£ XaL 1.JreEQwLa£ UIl1.JyoClA~C;. LtacpvAoiireEQUl'locpaQuYYLx~ reAamLx~ EYXELQl]OlJ
(UPPP). EYXELQl]OlJ 0TIj 0uOlJ 'tl]C; yAwooCl£. EyXELQ1')OlJ TIj£ xanD yv680u XClL'toU 1.JOElOOVC; omm;, TQClXElomo[1La. L1JVOUamLx~ OEQareELCl. TCl XElQ01.JQYlxa [1!hQa EXOVV moxo VCl EI;WP(!V(JOliV 1"« ij reEQLooo'tEQEC; mEVWOEl£ O'tl]v ClVW'tEQI] ClEQoq)(ll'o ohri. '()OU
.1
83
82
va ota8EQ01toLljo01JV EtOL ta tOLXolllata toU cpuQuyya xatu toy urtVO XaL va EllrtOOLat£L 1'} ouyXALo1j tOU£. EVol ta utolla IlE a8lDo QoxaA1'}tO IlrtOQoull£ va ta B01'}01joouIlE, tL£ rtEQLo06tEQE£ CPOQS£ IlE ~lLa 1l6vo XELQOUQYLx1j wEIlBaoy], XUQLW£ 11£ t1'Jv rthaatLxlj EYXElQ1'J01'J t1'J£ urtEQola£ "UPPP", EXEL artOOELXtEL ata Utolla ~LE VOO1'JQO QoxaA1'}t6 cltL rtaQouoLal;;ouv, xatU xavova, atEVD)O£L£ at1'Jv aVDltEQY] aEQocp6Qo 066, OL OrtOL££ OEV Il1t0Qouv va OEQartEutOuV 1l0VO IlE Eve, XElQOUQYL,,6 IlEtQO. To rtOla OEQartELa Oa rtQErtEL va EcpaQIl0atEL atOV XU8E aoOEv1j SEXwQLata IlrtOQEL va artoepewLotd, 1l0VO IlEta art6 tL£ bLEt;aYOIlEVE<; ESEtaOEL£.
n6n: OUOTrlVeml . Illa XelPOUPYlKrl enell~aOTl OTllllLrrrl:
2:ljIlEQa, ELVaL OuvatOV va ('namatWOEL IlE oUYXQOVE£ IlE80oou<; IlEt(l1'JOY]£ av 1'} llut1'J Ev6£ avOQolrtOU ELVaL OE LxavortOl1'}tLXO BC1Ollo C1vOLXt1j, Yll' VC1 £SC1CJcpl'hi1;EL Evav ErtC1Q,,1j a£QLollo "ata toy UrtVO. ME Eu8uYQaIlIlL01'} tOU QlVlXOU OlacpQaYllato£ lj IlLa£ at(laB1j£ IlUt1'}£, Il£ 0IlLXQ1JV01'J tOlV QLVlXolV XOYXDlV, £xxaGaQL01'J tWV QLVLXolV rtoAurt60wv XaL XElQOUQYLXES ErtEIlBclO£L£ OtL£ YELtOVLXE£ XOLAOtY]t££, I'rtOQOUV va EmtEUXOoUV xah££ rtQOUrtOGEOEL<; mou£ EV1jhLXE£, YLa IlELWOY] t1'}£ Evta01'}£ tOU Qoxah"toU xata 10 Dezibcl rtEQL1tOU. 2:rtaVLC1 OlllD£ WC1QXEL IlLa ErtEll13ao1'J 1l0vo at" llut1'J, YLa va artahEL1jJoullE EVtEhol£ to Qoxah1'}tO. MLl' EYXELQ1'J01'J at1'J llut1'J £LVaL ErtL01'J<; artaQaLt1'Jt1'}, otav VOO1'JQE<; IlEtal30hE<; tlDV QLVLXolV OOolV rtaQqlrtOoi1;01JV Eva OEtLXO C1EQLOIlO xatOJ art6 u'ljJ1'Jhlj rtL£01'J, IlE t1'}V C1VartVEuatLxlj rtQOOU)rtLO(l.
EIK.26 X8lPOUPYlKJi 8T1E~~aOn OTn ~UTn Yla aT1dA81~n TOU poxaAYjTou (MUnchner Bilderbogen, 1887).
n6re npenel va O<jlatpOuvml II cpapUYYlKrl Kat unepWla aIlUY0aArl;
IlEQLrt01J Oto 90% tWV rtaLOLolV rtOU QoxaAi1;01JV O[.lil'Xol<;, £,sacpavLl;;EtaL to QOXf'.A:1'JtO XaL XcirtOLa UrtlIPX011<'" vOO1'JQ1'J OLaxOrtlj t1'}<; avartvo1j£, allEow£ IlEtci t1'Jv «ljl(lL[ll'(ni t1'J£ UrtEQIlEysG01J£ cpapuYYLxlj£ 1j XaL UrtEQolLa<; ulluyli
84 aut~v
t'Y]V It£QCmw0'Y], amES OL a[tuyoaAE£ o£v ltaQoUOl<Xi;OllV xma xavova [tta voo'Y]Q~ [t£W~OA~, OltW£ aUtE£ ltOU vooovv OLaQxol£ alto CPAEYIlOVE£, Myw Bax't'Y]QLoC(J)V 1'j LOlV. Noo'Y]Qo £CVaL altAa to Ult£QBOALXO IlEY£OO£ aUt01V tulV a[tuyOaAdiv. L£ OQLOIlEv££ It£QLmWOEL£, aUtEe; OL a[tuyoaAEe; IlltOQ£C ~b'Y] oto ltQWto EtOe; t'Y]e; 'Y]ALxCae; va aus'Y]80vv O£ tEtOLO pae[to, WatE va at£vE1VOUV t'Y]v avwt£Q'Y] a£Qocp0(lO 066. Tot£ £CVaL altaQaCt'lt'l 'l acpaC(lw'l autwv tUlV Ult£Qt(lOCPLXWV a[tuybaAwv, ~O'l altO am~v t'lv 'lALxCa. Av w ltaLOLa ltOU (loxaALI;ollV lta(la[t£Lvouv XUl(lCe; O£QaIt£Ca, It£QLOOO't£(lO alto t(lLavW Il~v££, tOte [t£t(l~OL[t£e; BAap£e; toU xa(llhoxuXAOCPOQLXOV OlJat~llato£ b£v flltO(lovv va £ltaVEA80llV ltAEOV atO CPUOLOAOYLXO. Av avtC8na, acpaLQ£80vv OL Ult£(lt(lOcpLXEe; alluybaAE£ IlEoa O£ bLaat'llla 'tQLav'ta [t'lVOlV alto t'lv Eva(lS'l tOU (lOXaA'ltoV, tOtE £ltaV£(lXOvtaL sava, £Vt£AW£ atO CPUOLOAOYLXO, OL £VtUl[t£WSV altOO£o£Ly[tEv£e; PAaPEe; atOUe; ltV£V[t0VEe; XaL t'lV Xa(lOLa. LtoUe; £V~AlX£e;, tL£ It£QLOOOt£Q£C; cpOQ£e; llai;C [t£ t1']V ltAaatLx1'j EYX£CQ'101'] ''le; Ult£(lOlae; "UPPP", It(lawmOltOL£CtaL XaL 'l alto[taxQuvo1'] 't1']e; Ult£(lWLa£ a[tuybaA1'je;, YLa va OL£UQVVou[t£ aXOIl'l ltEQLOOOtE(lO t1']V a£QocpoQO 066 O£ auto to t[t1'j[ta XaL va xawat1'jooull£ altOt£AWllmLxOt£Q'l 't1']V ltAaatLX1'j EYXECQ1']01'] t'le; Ult£(lWLae;.
X&IPOUPYIK&«; &TT&IJJ360&1«; OTlllJaAaK~ UTT&pWa ErcapKe{ T) acpa{pWT) rT)<; aracpuAI'l<; TOU ar0f.10U rcou poxaA{~e(; H atacpuA1'j 8£wQovvwv YLa £xmOVtaOEe; XQOVLa ultEv8uVll Yla OAa ta "paoava XClL cAmtW[tma" XaL YL'aUtO alto[taxQuVOtav. 'EtOL, [t£QLX££ UltE(lt(lOCPLX££ atacpUAEe; atoIlwV ltOU QoxaALI;ollV, OL OltoC£e; BaoavLI;ouv 'tOY xatoxo tOUe; xaO£ It(lCOC oav Eva SEVO 'owila atO AClL[tO, ltEcptOUV OVllaw >taut1']QtaOflOV 1'j acpaC(lW1']e; oLaBQoyxou. Aut~ 1'] [t£0000£ 't'le;
85
i
"atacpuAEXtoll1'je;", OL£say£taL aXOIl'l XClL o1'jll£Qa, YLa OLacpo(loue; Myoue;, OE IlEQLXE£ VO'tLoacPQLxavLxE£ X01Q£e;. H alt0llaxQuV01'] o[tcoe; 1l0VO t1']£ atacpuA~£, OEV £ltaQxEC YLa va d;acpavCoEL to aGwo (lOXaAllto. Movo 0 xUJvCmQoe; [tltO(l£L va xmaat£CAEL 'to EVOXA1']tLXO QOXaAlltO Il£ am1'j 't'lv £ltEllf1ao'l OE OUYXEXQLIlEVEe; Qata££ OXVAWV. H atacpuAEXtoll~ [tltoQEC va GEwQ1']8EC o[tcoe; we; 'l Ba011 "11e; ouxva d;(wXOVIlEVlle; o1'j[t£Qa, "atacpuAOiiltE(lco'LocpaQuyyLx~e; ltAamLx1'j; EYX£lQ1']011e;", Aut~ 1'] X£L(lOUQYlX~ IlEOOOO;, £cpa(lll')at'lXE yta ltQw't'l cpo(la 'to 1952, alto toy Ialtwva yLa'tQo Ikematsu, xma 'tou OllVatov QoxaA1']tov.
LracpuAourcepwi'ocpapUYY1KI] rcAaaTlKI] eVXelPT)oT) H o£m£Q'l ltL8av~ 8E01'] OTEVW01']£ anY CiVWtEQ1l CiEQOCPOQO oM nov m6~lUlV ltOU (loxaALI;ouv, f1(lCOXEWL anY nEQlox~ t'Y]£ !laAaX~e; UltEQWCie; XClL G£(lCinEVEtaL f.lE EltL'tUxCa, EOW XClL nOMa X(lOvLa, !lE'tI]V Eltovo!lai;c)f.l£vIj LW(pllAOiinEQw'locpa(luYYLx1'j nAaOtlx1'j £YXEC(l110lj (Uvuiopaiatopharyngopiastik), EV ouvt0IlCa "UPPP", Luv1'j8w;, [tLAaIl£ CiltAa yLCi "nAaatLx1'j 'tou UltEQWLOU LOTCOU" CiV XClL OL yva8oX£lQOVQYOL (lvtlAa[tBavovtaL Il£ CiutO, xan OLacPO(lEtlXO, I1(loiilt08£01'] Watooo yLCi 'tI]v £ltLtUX'lf.lEVI] OLES(Iywy1'j 'tI]C; "UPPP", ELVClL va £ltLA£yovv Cio8EVECe;, moue; OltoCO"S am1'j 11 mEf.lBCi01'] VCi UltOOX£tClL EltL'tUXCCi, M£ UUt~V tllv £ltE!lPao'l (ELX. 27), mpaL(lovvtaL ltAI'IJ vai;ovtu !lUA<xxa xO[t[tanCi ano t1']v n£Qlox1'i t'le; UltE(l""Uc, xCi!laQae;, anc) to OltC08,0 toCXWIlCi 'tOU (paQuyya XaL (1m) "I at<XCPUA1'j, OL [tUE; tlle; [t<XACix1'je; UltE(lW<XC; 8Ci n(lEnEL "llIne: " mnoo1'jltOt£ VCi ltQoOta'tEuwUv. Av ulta(lXouv (lX')i' 'i '" 'U1[;EQCi"lLE£ Uflvy15uAE£, uJt0flO:XQUVOVtUL xcn:a. xuv6v(t I{~ 11
tEe; [t<X!;C, YlmC IlnoQEC XCiV£CS EtOL V<X <xv<XI'0QCPWOEI X«A"" * Ell/./. TOV JlETaqJf!.: Uvulopaiatophmyngoplastik (UI>PI')
t I II
p"
87
86
t1'] !!aAax'lj u:n:E(lwa. H EYXEL(l1']Ol'] !!:n:O(lEC va olEsaxOEC !!E XEI(lOUQYIXO VVmE(l1 'lj !!E t1'] ~0'lj8ELa AEI~EQ. Ta a:n:otEAEo!!ma ELVaL COla XaL ml£ bUo IIEOooou£, EVo) xma xavova ECVaL a:n:a(laCt1']Tll YI'aut'ljv t1']v E:n:E!!~a01'] !!Ia :n:aQa!!ov'lj mo voooXO!!ECO y,a 5 Eoo£ 7 1']!!E(lEC;.
lJrtEQWW
1,A.u.-W(' po8gio
ELK. 27 Apxli TT)~ XEIPOUPYIKIi~ Ent~paon~ UTa UITEp
ME T1']v UPPP, EsacplLVLl;EtaL to alMo (lOxaA1']to Oto 90% tooV :n:E(llottWO£{J)V XaL to VOOl'](lO (lOXlLA1']tO mo 60% :n:E(lC:n:ou. Av OE aut'ljv Tl']v EYXEC(l1']01'], AOyoo AavOao!!EV'll£ XEl(lou(lYlX'lj£ tEXVtX'lj£, a:n:o!!ax(lwOouv EV !!E(lEL XaL !!UC; Tl']£ !!a).ax'lj£ u:n:E(loJa£, f!JtoQollv va :n:(loxUtjJow mUlAoxEc;. MCa EJtUlAox'lj ELVal 1'] avaQ(locp1']o1'] t(l0CP'ljc; xma t1']v Xata:n:001'] a:n:o to (llvocpa(luyya 0T1'] (llVlX'lj XOLAOTl']ta. Auto EXEI W£ ovvE:n:Ela Tl']v :n:(loxA1']01'] EVQIV'll£ o!!IACa£ o1']Aal\'lj tLVaL oav va !!IAa xavECe; a:n:o Tl'] !luTl']. fla va a:n:ocpllYOU!lE autE£ tl.£ EJtUlAOXE£, t(lO:n:O:n:OLOU!lE x6.:n:w£ Tl'] XElQOUQYIX'lj !lEGOOO, :n:ou OE avt1jv Tl'] !loQcp1j a:n:OOCOEtal mov 16.:n:oova Fujita.Kma toy EJtavEAEYXo, OE ola:n:lmWOa!!E EJtUlAOXE£ autoll TOU ECOOU£, OE xa!!Ca :n:EQimoo01'] moue; aoOEvEC£ !la£. H cpwv1j :n:onciiv aoGEvoJv Ila£ BEAtLI601']XE !!aAl.O'ta l']X1']tIXa, YlmC !!E Tl']v EYXELQ1']01'] EmtEuxB1']xav xaAUtE(lE£ OVVO'ljXE£ aVT1jXl']01']C; mo cpa(luyya.
UOLxa, !!Ia TETOLa E:n:E!!~a01'] OWOEETaL, xma tL£ :n:QWtE£ !!EQEC; !!ETa t1']V EYXECQ1']01'], !!E EVOX).'ljOEI£ Xata t1']V xma:n:001'], EJtw'l'lj a:n:o!!axQUVEtaL fjA£woyovo£ !!E VEUQIXE£ CVE£ XaL :n:QE:n:EI va £saOX1']8EC EX VEOU 1'] EVEQYELa t1']£ xma:n:001']£. AutE£ OL EvoxA'ljOEI£ xma t1']V xma:n:001'] ECVaL xa:n:oo£ EVTOVOtEQE£, a:n:o O,tL !!Eta t1']V a:n:O!!axQUV01'] !!OVO t1']£ U:n:EQOlLa£ a!!uyoaA'lj£. M£QlxoC a08EvEC£ avacpEQow E:n:C01']£ XaL l.ua aCo01']o1'] cpAE!!atO£ Oto cpaQuyya, XOOQC£ O!!oo£ va :n:aQm1']QEL-taL aUS1']!!EV1'] ~AEwa. LU!!CpooVa !!E tL£ E!!:n:EIQCE£ !!a£ !!:n:OQEC va !!EIooOEC 1'] Evta01'] toU QoxaA1']tOu !!E t1']V UPPP, to !!EYIOto xma 30 Dezibel. Av AOL:n:ov Eva atO!!O !!E VOO1']Qo QoxaA1']to E:n:LTUYXaVEL :n:QIV a:n:o t1']V EYXELQ1']01'] !!Ia EVTa01'], COl'] !!E 80 Dezibel, !!Eta t1']V E:n:E!!~a01'] Oa xmaYQaCPOVtaL EVtaOEL£ tooV 50 Dezibel. Auto f!JtOQEC CPUOLXa va ECVaL EvoXA1']tlXa owmo. 01 :n:aQa!!EVOVTE£ OOQU~OL QoxaA1']tOu :n:QoxaAouvtaL a:n:o tL£ 0.1.AE£, !!1'] XEIQOUQY1']!!EVE£ mEvwoEI£ t1']£ avwTE(l1']£ aE(locpO(lOU ODou. 0 aoElEV'lje; !!:n:OQEC EJtlO1']£ va :n:aQou(J(a~El, axo!!1'] XaL !!Eta t1']v UPPP, VOO1'](lE£ olaxo:n:E£ t1']£ ava:n:vo'ljc;, tOLaCtE(la av :n:Qw a:n:o t1']v EYXEC(l1']01'] U:n:'lj(lXE Evae; mjJ1']AO£ aQI8!l0£ olaxomllv. E,W!!EVooC;, yCVEtaL xmavo1']To ytmC /iEV !!:n:O(l0U!lE va B01']0'ljOOU!lE Ta atO!!a !!E mjJ1']AO ~a8!!0 VOO1']Qou QoxaA1']tOu, !!OVO !lE 't1']V UPPP, aAAa Oa :n:QE:n:Et VCl XQ1']OL!lO:n:OLOUVtaL XaL a).Aa !!ETQa. rL'autO, (Ja :n:QE:n:EL Xa8E atO!!O !!£ VOO1']Qo QoxaA1']To VCl Oto EQyam'ljQLo unvou, !!EQLXOUC; !!'ljVE£ !lETa t1'] XEL(lOUQYIX'lj EJtE!lBa01']. EnaVESEta~ETaL omlloo'ljnOtE
L'.leupuvoll TIle; mtvwOIle; mil ~6.0fJ TIle; y Awooae; Ile Ml~ep Av 0 AEWPIXO£ Imo£ cJ't1'] Bao1'] t1']e; YAwooa£ O'tEvn;EL"'1 OLatO!l'lj tOU CPaQuyya, f!Jt0Q£C aUTo£ 0 Lmo£ vcx LlJOnEhcu()rL II t·
~"'10113'\JmArJ AUl 3ri V)31m038 Ul 9]11) 1ll" ltliS'"v 110319AXOD '11)31m038 Lu A~I1V A(lOri11001£ 5moA1£p Ori009A\W 9011~OO 3ri 5J3A -"OOXl '3"P'(1ri XlA 5110lP1Lu9A11'" ALu13A)1103WI1Q 3\1 l)(!,Alc,{(1)D 01 911111 A91£10'{ ~913lrd "1101 Xl)3X1101 AltlO '''PAU,{OJD qO",ri XlA? 3ri13~ 11A 13(gnl nA 131£3l01£ 110 119 J31X39 11A 13'{)3cbo 5~A300rJ 0 '»"'0rtq> "S~OA1m,\11 5Lu 5}1£o"mg 5}"'1"VOcb01m 10 53'(9 lD" (101U'{VXOO 10~J11090 10 10'{9 1mA0l'Ancbn~3 OOl}ri 01 91ilrJ 3W "990 009cboo -3V U031~nAn AltlO 513091A31O 10 5g1'{31A3 lDlAol1£ri»"nOr)1£ ,'lUl1rJ 3ri )Wl'\' 'n)31W03(J U0319,,"miD3,{3101m UlD,\)3 n)riolO013XV01U 'n9)1£(1)0001£ ~"'1.D1131\lmAXl 13D5100cb VA )3001£ri 0139 lD" 5~0A1mAV 5Lu ~0"n19 ~"""rJOJ)01£ll 3ri131',{llXOO [t01£ O1i01P 01 ll11
:O)rlOlD013Xodl mrl O)O)lAOIlO 1011)3 3l9U
"~CA380ll 1101 n)Oll.l.03,\I1D ~""U'\'03A3 lD" llOPW ~"'B8 lll1i lUU1)VOll1£n 111A)3 ltDC011£)031£ 30»" 33: "UA5lriDnOAn,{ A91£10'( lDA)3 '\,lU'{nXOO 01 13r\tJ3'{n~3 nA nOl}ri »",'\'i'l110i'l13X 31i AOA\)ri 5)3An" )3001£1i 119 UDO)1£(llA3 H
"nOl?li O'''''\'0110013X 3ri 90W1'\' Ol 91£n J30uouog nA 0,{0"D(l9 lDA)3 010'5"11P" 13X(l131£ nA )3001£ri A39 50101£0. "A(o"prloncb A91""(1)A1£l1ud*'{ ~""nrilt10I1D U ~ 501 -nri(l3A1£OA10 ltD(1),(pAnw" ~Al031XI1A It nri'\'139pon1£ mA 5(1)1£9 '53138~AOD 531ri~~11£3 10 Al10D~lmimo nA 131£}01£ no UO(1)l1£)031£ 300''' 30 ~OA3 'UOUOJ3XA3 XJ1A Dllt19ril013 U 111" U1U1Jnonir -n 5ltD)1£3 111A)3 5130~011£1031£ 5jl"'03ri 33: "A(1)ri9W A(1)Ong05'1£11 A(1)l ng»rio AUW 13"~An An n(31)XJ1g1 'Sn)XOnO'31£01I1n 9ri -ong 9"'lAnriuo 131',{nXoo 1101£ OriOlp 0191£n A(101lD1£n 'nOljlri nA3ri903cbnAn Dl 91£n »"'03W "13~O'lg1Acb111 »",Xon '110JO,{ -31. 1101 9rimou1"nonX 01 3rilDl3A(long11£3 n03ri~D 1Xl" uri9"n 1101£ '"91u'{nXoo,, 50wri91'1£rin.o 1101 umA»cbn~3 ALu m'\' M)Ol5'ri A91"'A0I100'3X lD" A91""UOU1MD A(Ol nriD»cb 0'{»A3ri OJ" '5Lu Sjl13.1.a}A30n1£ 531030P0l19 511lD" ng)1£(1)DOO1£ 68
"mAp1£O P"'13XO 1XllAOAP~ 1Xl" Lu(lri U10 5"'D~il13XA3 10 1XJ" dddfl U 11'9 91£n »"'~10 011£ (l'(01£ 111AJ3 nilljlli m01i90nu "nAAl1o»d) 1101 ACD1»ricnX -101 <\Oll UOU)01£0030DlD UW 13'('{1)~J1iI1D 1101£ l1P" 'nDo91'{A Ul 91£1) aJD)1£ 59Qo 5009cbo03ll UAjlri'\'llOcbo1£ll U1Xl13A(l0I1319 'lmH. "ACnOllA'\' o(lQ A(1)lU011£9W13ri V"'A0I10013X mri 3ri <\OlO»"'\' A(1)l um'{"A(lO ~"n" Alu 13og)llrJ,{3 n,\ SOAil(l0013X08llAA )3oo1£ri 'I1OO»"'\' Cl)lP" 5Ul ~ (I) A,) 5Ul VI13"ODlll)( ~"'Wri(1)l1ll'(3 ~ong -OD mri A(W~O'101100ll1£ 1XJ" AI101',{llXOO 1101£ llrimp 33: -31Q
°
:08"9I1A (1)l"9)1lO)I (1)11"9 llLu.o !:>130"98rl3113 10 !:>3)O)lAOIlO 1011)3 3l9U
"5llJ'\'llOOOrilD SOMQAJ" 50101£»" 13XOP1£I11113X5'MD uw )Wl'\' 'UOltO~11£3 ~'(3ri -11£3 mri )31lD1£n 1Xl)( mA»1£O 1XJ"J3 UDllgrijl1£3 U ~l11V "5~cboO,. llO!A130ll)( tI.ll";J J3,01£01i,0UOX n" 530jlriu 5"",i'13ri mA 131£jlO1£ ll(J 'UOUaJ3X'\'3 AUl »13ri 530jlriu 5319101£ 511 5~A380ll 0 13")1£Dln" AUri n" lJ11 "nUl1op,{ 1101 llriril1,{P" 9""'{nri (l'(01£ ~ 5!Acb -oori 5"0I10A»8""'{ llA5' llWOX9'l1lJl 1Xl13A91'111'{3 '919a: "a3~1i',( 88
91 aEt;OUaAlxlj, aVlxav6trjtUl;, 11 OltOLa ltQoxaAELtat =6 tf]v altVOIa.
Tu a'tO!1u :rt0'U Qoxuli~o'Uv )tUt OL allot aV9QOl:rtot MEXQt aljl.lEQa OEV EXEt ESEtttmEi aE XttllLtt I.IE).£t1], 0A6xAl]Ql] l] Extaal] tON XOtVOlVtXOJV IiELVCIlV ltOU ltQoxaAOuVtat alto TO QoxaAl]t6. AQxtxa, 8a !-IEAEtljaou~E ta ExaTO~l.luQta tWV at6fAwv ~E tt8OJo QoxaA1]t6, mou<; OltOLOtJ<; ltQEltEt Evtt[1a va avayvwQLaOu/lE Otl IiEV EmlitcllXOuV axomfAa va ESOQYLaotlV [1E TOU<; 80(JuBou<; QoxaAl]TOu tOY ltEQiyuQ6 tou<;' ytatL, 6ltwC; AEEI t6ao Eumoxa 0 Eugen Roth:
'Evw:; aveQW]We; auovEl tunA'1UWe; uw ayavaUTtaflEVOC; OTt EVOXAEl TOVe; navrec; aav (JaQ/JaQoc;, EVOl 0 {owe; VOfl{SEl OTt dvw 0 nco EVXaQwwe; aveQwnoc;. 'Eva naQao£lYllO OlWUQlVil;£/. uan rErOlO: ro aTOflo nov QoxaJ..il;£l uOiflarw <paVtam:lua. fvwQCi;otJ!-IE cpUOIxa Otl xatl tEtOlO O£v laXUEI xat Yla ta aTO!-Ia !-IE voallQo QoXaAllto, tWV OltOLWV to (JOXaAllto 0 WTOQlvoAaQtJyyoMyo, Landgraf-Favre alto tf] ZtJ(JLXIl, xaQaXtljQlaE "xatam(J0cplx6 Yla TO ya!-lo XCiI aQltaxtlxo YICt to ostJyovo". To ato~o !-IE VOGf]QO QoXaAlltO StJltva ta ltQwwa !-IE ltOVOxEcpaAo, ~aaaVCi;Etal =6 !-Ila aVEsljYf]tf] XOltwGf] oMxAIlQIl tf]v Il!-lEQa Xat SUltVaEI ltOME, cpoQE, =6 ECplaAtE, xata tf] ola(JXEla tf], vuzta" AOUa~EVO mov 10Qcllta, '!-IE taxuxaQoLa Xat m'A£uovta, Y'" m\lCt. ~IE)tJtEQatWVEI tf] auVf]()la~Evll EQyaaLa tOu 0XI to LOIO xaM ltAEOV, OltW, It(JOllyou!-IEva, =OXOI!-lIEtat OltotJ WXEI Xat mav l'I(JLoxEl tf]v E1JXatQLa, YLVEtat YXQIVtUQ1]" EtJEQEGIO'to, Xat ltagaSEvo,. En;LGf]" OE AELrtOtlV ta It(Jo~Aljllata !-IE to crUVtQocpo Xat 11 aUtOExtC~t1](TI] ooxllla~Eta~ BEBma., Ozl !-I6vo Myw tf],
KaOE vuXta xavEtat Eva xO!-l!-latl ayaltll<;, Myw t1]<; altOaUVOEtlxlj<; ouva!-l1]<; totJ QoxaA1]tOu Xat avaxolVwaEI<; oLa~tJYLwv Myw totJ (JoxaA1]TOu, OEV altOtEAOUV ltAEOV alj!-lEQa altaVLO cpatV0!-lEVO. To atOIlO [1E voa1]Qo QoxaA1]t6 It(JoxaAEL, £sattLa<; tll<; oLagxou<; x6ltwalj<; tOU, 12 CPO(JE<; auXV6tEga, tQoxaLa attJxlj!-lata alto O,tL aAAOI oOIlY0L. 'EtOl, 8EtEL xaHl]!-IEQLva !-IE tf]V ltci8l]alj tOu 0'£ XLVOUVO 0XL [16vo tl]V (btu tOtJ tl] ~wlj, aAAa Xat tl] ~wlj aAAwv at6!-1wv. IIoAM aTO[1a [1E vOGf]Q6 QoxaA1]to IiEV EX0tJV xaVEL YLa ltoAM Xgovla IilaXOltE<; ESW alto to altLtI TOU<; Ij Elt(J£JtE va IilaXOmOtlV tl<; IilaXOltE<; totJ<; 0'£ sEva xQEBatla, ytatL altELAOuvtaV [1E stJAoliaQllo, av EsttXOAotJ80uattv va QoXttACi;otlV.
92 MnOQE( AOutOV XaVELe;, EVa atOflO flE vOOl]Qo QOXaA']tO, nou EVOXAEL tOY nEQLyuQO tou flE 80Qu~ou£ QoxaA']t011 XaL nQoxexAEL oLa'wQaXE£ llnvou mo oUvtQOepD tou, va to unoXQEWOEL flEOW flLa£ 8EgaJtELa£ va XatamELAEL ~ va e<;aepav(oEL to QoxaA']tO; 2:E nOAAE£ ano autE£ tl£ El'Wt~OEL£ O£V unaQXEL xaflLa xaA~ anavt']Ol], aAAa (OW£ fLnol'EL xavE(£, aepou EXEL Ow0aoEL auto to 0L[)ALo, va xataVO~oEL xaAutEQa O,tL EXEL OXEOl] flE to l'oxaA']to, Mnol'EL £nLo,]£ xaAlltE(Ja va XatatasEL Eva citoflO nou l'oxaAU;EL ot']v 0fLaoa nov atOflwV flE a8(60 iJ vOOl]go QoxaA,]to XaL va ava~']'t~oEL a1lvtOfla Eva YLatl'O, av unal'XOlJV EVOELS£l£ vOOl]l'ou l'oxaA,]10u, To goxaA']'to OEV E(VaL Oflu)£ "ngovoflLO" flOVO nov (tv(Jl'wnwv, -Ho,], 'to E~ln"TtO fla£ XatOLX(OLO ~wo, 0 oxl1Ao£, flE flEl'LXOU£ avtlnl'oownou<; 'tOu
ano
(5LciepogE£ (JawE£ ouxva
(JoxaAU;EL [-LE EvtaOl] nou OUYXl'LVE'tllL [-LE to avOl'wmvo l'oxa1.,]10, 2:to l'oxaA,]tc) ELVllL EmOQEnEL£ LOL(tLtEQa OL oawE£ tWV oxl1Awv nou JtlxQoumci~ouv otEVWOEL£ en11V nEl'lOX~ 1,]£ flUt,]£ XllL eno XWl'o tOu l'Lvoepal'uyy(!, o']AaO~ ta nExLvoua, vtaxEA, wLOuaoua, flOAOOOOL, flJtliotov lEgtE, [-LnOl;El' XllL flnOuAvtoyXEnLo,]£, 'ta [-LEyaAl1tEQa OE ']ALxLa oxuAla, Qoxa1.U;olJV OUxvOtEl'a ano D,tL 'ta vEaQoTEQa XaL flOLa~01JV o'mrrcl [-LE fla£ tou£ av8Qwnou;, 2:£ ~wa nOll QoxaAU;ouv ouvata, 0 Xlf]VL<XTl'O£ aepllLQEL [-L£l'LxE£ epOQE£ Tf] otaepuA~, Auto clWJJ£ BOll8ciu navta; A£ eLVllL <XU11j '] n<XQat1jQ,]OIl, YLa tf] epQOVtLOa Tilt; U1t<Xl'S']t; tOu OXUAOU, Il"U fllXQ~ n<XQ,]YOQLa XllL Wut0XQOV<X [-LLa 1tQOXA,]Ol] YLa <xvoxi) C!1tEV(tVtl eno [-LEYaAo nAiJOOt; nov (110~W)V nou QOXUAU;OUV XaL oUIlBci1.A01lV [-LE Til VllXtEQlV~ tout; [-Loumx~ IlclVO EAaXLota otO 00Qu0(')6,] natayo tou llLWV(1 ~Wt;, Ela flltol'ol1o£ LOu); EVU tE'tOlo oxu),( nou QoxaAU;El va 'to Sunv~o£L IlE 'to QOX<XAlltD toll 0 XU(lLOC; toll;
A AOQEV<XALV'l, 22, 37 MQas,24,49 ava"vE6~EVOS, 24
AEQLOIlOS a"o u1/J'lA~ "LEOf], 72 AEQOCjJ6QoS oMS, 21, 22, 27, 28, 46 ot8VOlOf], 27, 40 ALrca, 33, 35 ACo8'lo'l "VtWOU, 38 AXttVoYQaCjJLa, 60 AAAEQYLa, 27, 54 A~t1JyouAlj, 27, 46 u"EQWta, 27, 33, 40, 44, 46, 79, 83 q)uQlJyytX~, 27, 33, 40, 79, 83 AVaJtVE'UOttXlj "Qoow"Loa, 65, 72, 82 Ava"vOlj, 13,52,59 Ot(1)
B BtVtEOEVOOox6,,'l0f], 58,59,63
r fljQav0'l, 35 rAciiooa, 25, 28, 40, 63 rvaBos, 25, 40, 46, 50, 53, 55, 60, 88 rva80XElQouQYoS, 53, 60, 85
Dezibcl,28 ~taCjJQaYlla, 27
Qtvtx6,27 ~tosELOtO tOU uv8Qaxa, 35, 37 ~uoJtVotU,
38, 52
E EYXECjJUAtx6 Elt£tOOOto, 35, 39 EyxECjJaAos, 16, 19,38,44 EmYAomCoa, 36, 57 EQyaot1jQtO uJtvou, 16, 18, 61, 62 EUEQE8tat6tf]ta,52 ECjJioQwOf], 38
94
H
A
HAfXtQOEyXEcpaAOYQricp~~tCl, 16,
AriQvyya" 25, 40, 57, 88
18
M~~~
HAEXtQoxaQoloYQri~~la,
18
HALx,a, 34, 35, 40 M HQE[lLatlxri cpriQ~axa, 38, 40, 43, 67 ~EOQo~urrQOYfatEQ6v~, 74 ~v~~~, 17 OlatClQC<XES, 17 ~1"~ (Q'va), 25 BEOCPlACV~, 74 QlVlXES XOYXE" 55 BEQarrE,a QoxaA~tOU, 65, 82
o
88QanElu OlJVTgacpou OtOV tlnvo,
65,79 B6Q1J~o"
31 aVaA1Jt*
o OlVOJtvEu~a,
8oQu~",v,
31
I
K
II
Krirrvlo~a,
40, 45 KaQolri, 38, 39 aL08~ ~la rr(w~ S, aVE1t(ib?';I.~-La,
40, 43, 65, 66 OlOOcpriyOS, 26 O~1Jy6vo, 22, 33, 37, 63 EMEl~I~, 33 OQ~6VES, 34 YVVaLXELES, 34
ncE~ tot) Cl'IWtGS, 35, 39 ITAdYlCl G,~, 69
38
39, 48
E'){tuxtfS; XUgOLaXES mJOtOAES,
nAaanx~ tOtl urt£gwwu W-r:lOU, 86 ITVEU~OVES,22,25,36,53
IToAlirrooES, 55 52 QLVlXO', 45, 82 rraQaA~Q~~a, 38 IToAuiirrvoYQri~ Wi, 16 KaQolOl",x'DCPOQlX6 aUat~~a, 34, ITovOX'CPClAOS, 52 53,79,84 ITQ6YQCl~~tCl Ulm, 63 KaLOS, 34 K6rrOllll], 51
95
y
p PlVlX~ xOlM~tCl,
Y'YL£tV~ tou unvou, 67
26, 86
P6yxoS, 13, 48 POXClA'1t6, 10, 12 (80)0, 13, 14, 32, 51 Evta~, 13, 29 ~Xo" 13 VOO'1Qo, 13, 14, 20,23,30,51 O1Jxv6~ta, 13, 29,31,32,57 tCDV JtCW)LO)V, 48
Ynorrtw'1, 36, 57 YnEQwa, 26, 48, 58, 84 YrrEQ(iJLo ~o0Q(0, 86 'Yrrvos, 15 atriola, 16, 18
LEi;ouaAlX~ aVLxav6~ta,
Yrrvumx6 cpriQ~axa, 43, 67 'Ymca ()EO~, 40, 44, 69
~a8us, 17
- MAta, 17 EAAEL1j"], 40 OlaTClQaXE" 20 OVElQLx6" 17 - R,E,~" 17
52
~xo1icpOS tJrtV01J, 77
LXUAOS XaL QoxaA~t6, 92 Lt60~ tot) miJ~Clms, 65, 69 LtClqJ1!A1j, 55, 56, 85 LtacpuAoiirrEQOJ{ocpaQuYYlx1j nAaatlxii EYXE'Q~O'1, 85 Lt6~a, 25, 61 ato~tCltlx1'i xOLA6t'1ta, 25, 46, 55 LtO~latlX6S vaQ8'1xas, 71 Luv6Xl, 27, 48 LUQlnlOS, 24 LUm<EUES aqmrrvl011" 69 LOJ~latlXO ~riQo" 42 ~E(wa~,
65
riQ~a"Cl,
40, 44, 65, 74 riQuyya" 21, 24, 26, 58 QLVlXO" 26, 58, 86 ClQUYYLX6 mtxw~a, 26, 59 cpuAo,41
x XElQOUQYlX1j £nE~B(w'1 m~ ~u~, 82 XElQOUQYLX1j 8EQanELa, 81
T TQaXE(a, 25, 26 TQaXELOato~ta,
ToriL,45
74, 88-89
Qmaon(OE" 79 QWQlvoAaQuyyoA6yo" 53, 54
