CEFHN
(Doors
Inlo
ttre
New Times)
3ra rrosu orBoPf,ercn €naxoM TPaE 3ro - AEePb.ra noropofr HelAhrcn Paccaer' ynaa' c MerannhYecKhM rPoxoroM a 6eep6y ner' 6onuu'n efo h Hau.re-EPeMinPouno Hoaoe bPeMn'cBbmaeTcn c 6oeM Y'lcoB"' A'CngePxnh
tur4peil CILLEPCKIIU
)(ATIA-I4OM KAKTEXHO/IOTHS IIHTffPMbHOTO TPEH I{HTA (rorynnyatwnufiowpr)
5
65K75.6 c34 ' . T.Ilapnna o6noxxn Ann 0ororpaQran - T.Ilaplxa, A.Cragepcxni o6noxru Ausal4H
Dll{T Cepnr ' Bunycxl3
. ArnPeXGnAepcxttl XATXA.TItTA TPEHIIHTA hHTETPA'IbHOTO TEXHONOTM KAK o$cernan. 08132.Eymara 21.02.00. oopr*ar_84x1 B{leqaTb flognucano n' 9,97 Vcrf.neq'n. 8,4'.Vq''ugA' BblcoKag. fleqaru TrPax12000exe3ax'No0-128' e'y1'tllcyrVrcxan'25 0'l021-Kne ucrgo nHuKa-t{extp", l4sAaren " or 25'03'96 Ne20048256 CerAeTenbcrBo npeAnprnTt,t]l HafonogHottl 0rneqatano o6teguneuun npon3BoAcrBeHHoro pecny6nuxancKoro ' yn'fioexeuxo, 3 03057K]ree, ,,flonurpaQKH[ra".
A. GrgePcxnl 'kina-fiora K.,HnxaunTelpaltbHororpeHlHra.TexHo'orn' KaK C34 [enrp,2000.-16.0c..(Cepun,,D|NTi.;Bun.18). 2000 @A.Cugepcxt4i, 19'96 A,OrAepcxufr, Oepnn I rOlNTi'. l'legarerucrao';Hilxa@0purnnur:MflKQT, 2000 l-[eHtp", .
OTflABIIEH14E 0r aaropa Hef|yrl......... f1yru.............. ...."......"........." 16 l4nSopmaqran. .................."... 19 l4xguanpyanuxuu noplog.. ....................... 20 Konqenryanuxue acneKru 6uwn(uacrxufi aapuaxr AnHaMt.tKtl aosi,toxHofi uHTepnpeTaqiln c onopoiHanoBo3MoxHocTu reKcroB TepMuHofl nncr,toruqecxnx oriltro),............... Zz - rpaglqloHHvp. 3neprun u Cuna. HauepeHne. Bons............................"..... ................."2A Coornouenue Ceo6oAa....... ,ToqKoro'u "rpy6oro'. "....,29 140ra............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2" 9 ...... qeroBeqecKoro Snepreruvecxar g0 crpyKrypa cyqecroa."..............,"......
CosHaHle...... ....................." 40 CncreuaHaAu, npaH,qaKpanbHaff AecRTb crcrema ..","..," 42 9enoaeqecxar .........."""....".. Qopua.......... 59 yrHrerparbHbut rpeHt4Hr........ .".."..........,.... 57 Xarxa-iora... ."............."....... 60 Texxonornqecxui anropuru .."....."...".."...". 61 iloHrr[eo nonrp,Hou mgunonunoi npaKrxKiu ....."""."..".. 66 llonsrue6asoeota rpeHrpoBor.tnor.r rdxnuxn .........."........ 67 ycnoxHeHHbte rpeHt+poBor{Hue rexHltK}t .......,.."....."""""... 6g nporpecclBHotl rpeHnpoBKx ....."7i Llpr4Hqrn pa3Burl{r rpeHrlpoBor{Hol npinr,rxlr .:.::.:::. ii lpununn ecrecrBeH'ocru 9xeprerurrecxae cylqHoorb acanbr........".................."...:.".......""."......"" ts I fepexoAHbf e AgxxeHt,tr..... ...,,.....,...,..".....77 eoo6qe........ fluxaxne .............;..."... ..."...79 npaKrilKa fluxaxue]t rpeHrpgBoqHar "..".".g3 B acaHe. llpaHaflMa..... g4 AHXaHlte """"...,."..." noHqeHTpaqur BHlMaHilt npfinpaKTrKe acaHbt. "..... "...." ".""...." "...." "".....92
qAcTHbtx oAHH 143 BAPI4AHT0B Bo3MoXHbtx ot43ilonormqEcKHx KoHLlEnqilff ...".......,:....".""....",..."....."..". 93 PacrnrnsaHt,te
mHUeqxo[ rraxir..."....".,...........".:,".,"......"..."......".... gg ,Pa6o{afl'6onr n pacullpeH}te gs BocnpnrTufi Auana3ona "..."".....,".."."._ racrrrl8aHreMHuq]t KoHUeHTpaq]tr onepru[a sQnpxol sHepreTnqecxor,t crpyrrypH....","...,."........".........",.."".. 96 ^ KoMnoHeHTe uTaTlqecKat KoMnoHeHTa npaKnlxl,t ......,., ' "-- gg -Korqexrpaqm BHtrMaHrt u co3epqa]rue xaxcnoco6u peopraHrcaU$u tt QyxxqnonanbHoro pa3BilTlls oxeprernvecxoi crpyKrypbnl co3Haxur ....".........."..".. ^ 101 Smoqnn r!'{yacrBa..... ...""". 102 uoparHbtl4 noroK(Bunapnra-xapant) .....109
l4HTepecbt' Crparertuecxle
"' """""' ""'" 108
' l1q vcnosrR........ "" ]]l cpyxrygu sHepreruuecxolr oquqexue rexHrtot lpnonuurenmbre )' " 112 e-roorxn (ainn--cap-a-DtaNrru-xPrttn
OlnqennenoroKolr onyrpqri xryr Criniqecxni,Arxaurqacxrnn hynucnpyoqntoplou.tttou r
116 ..........'.......' .".:..:;"....... oqrliliii#-pibi6ii tJiuaHa-p(ayrr-r
""""i"""""""'""" 121 ffiilil; iilil" i"a-pa-savrn*pfil).""" 123 oilil;d; iie'oner'imn'um-nt'"rt*pnn)-"r""" """'"1?! nocornorxl'(hxori-xsri+priin).",""""""" flooriluaaxne in)"""""""'"""""" 127 iffiffi ffi;ffi;il; ilt" (cvrpa-xenr'xpn CxsosnoenpoilHoaHlrennr{eabi[ienblororpaKTa(aapr'capar4s " " " " " " " " " " " " "' r40 &rayrr-xpnlnfflr uaHxx'np3lguanqxaJ' ]'t'u::"
A;ttldt-*tt?.:..::,.::::.:..:::.:::::.:.' nbrxoexepreffi;6i npririqfnbr 131 flrtaxue........ " "'" " "' " " " " " " " "'' " "' "" " "' 136 coorBercrBtin ilil,fi ;t 6p"qroxmoro " ' ' 119 flPMT[4KI4 14PEXt4Mbl TEXHT'IK BllAblTPEtll,lFOBOqHblX 139 """""".'"""' npaKTltKl4 oprallr3aqln npultu$n O6uUn """"""""" ""' .:l: ....'.'-',.."";"" lbsa(acaHa) ""' j;; Vnparinenne(xPur'rn) """' """""""""';' (auxunca)..'." Gsrsra las """"""""""' l;; Cer(anrapa) lberopexng.. (e1rxu) thcnehosarenuirocru floror (prapa) pexllMbl..' Tpeupoaoqxble pexuil.."..."' Crarrqecxntl
d;;il;lr"i-pijxuu..'....'. pexnu
"""""""""" r' """.'"""""" ;;;
""""""""" 14e
"""""""""" 150 Kironttupo.qaxiuu ""' """"'1!? ripnxqxn'xounercaiun...... """"' ""'1!q n uraaa""xa.;.'.'..'....".'-'....'"."::"""""""' Paccna6nexue ;d;ep;ito,rexxrl( &ucaxueTpexlpoEotlxux rvv """"'"'! 1:l Ittrsxra-caAl
Pqrcan yAa.4a ab,naAaercenefioey, eu6pannouy fiornnou Ans cBoero poxcgeunA, u 6narocnoBeHHe Te cTpaHa, rAe xHBeT on. ,eccneBTHo Bce, uro 4aerie euy, Bngnquil cyt4xoat TBoIEHHI cxuraer Kapny HunnHoHQa sonnoueHHbtx cyul&Tp, npogro rnelp Ha Hn& roBopn c Hunu u K Hnil npnKacancb Oauu ilorux crour rffiE.ta tru@tt oduwux npgeil, orun caflTux u ruuqx eanuleHHuKoa. Koxy gano nacrHqb ucruHy qapoeennofr frorn? Bononny'cant4eHHa opanai, rge raxofi xcueei. Bce'rneAq ro fluub Ha Hero, noKoneHnrt H€r;Dl:eAi/utrx o tei,"rio Aocrura,or ocdffioxraetine.' .4rc roeplrt geilctanrenbHo y Heftt y.tHrct? 3tptoqnft Bveraurlro u EHWpeHHpp nparcuxy rtora AogreuH Twero goc. xnuleHun, tt ll@fo, QaBnO KaK n AACXnUqeHAg BCeX np4efr ua etoh 3eune. Cntt'apana ")(arrca-frga npaAnnnxa" (axono XI e.) I Bonon+y, nH>rftacrBo tpyAHbtx n noqru H{lrrAO-' nuilux npenf,rcrBn* oxu.ryer fromaa Ha nyru en4 _ QAHXO eny HaAt g(nr npogonxarb nnxtnxh flecxoTpa Ha Ha KaKUe oflacHocTn, AaXe TQrAOrKgrqa oKaabBaercn oH or noru6enu Ha Bonoc.. \Ann @rrxiTa(Aarop u Aara coapHne rrg,tqra * ycriaScigtrg-. HH, opueHrupoeoqHo - XII-XN a.) .
9
(h asropa flauxan pa6ora ecrb pe3yrlbrar ronbKo tqoero co6crBeHHoroonblra. 3a xeto He crol4THhKaKaf,aBTopt4OHa He RBngercgh3noxeHneMAOKTerHaf,TpaAuawlA, Hn 6ulno o$nqnanuxo oQopunenro 6ul rarofi Tpr4Hbr urronul rafixoro nofi nnu xorR 6ut npocro nPh3HaHHofi unh qBHoro3HaHhR.l4croqxnrauu np6ulx t4HTepnpera"o6ulereoperhqecqrft, o6ucxexnft, onpeAeneHrfi h Kr4x BbrKraAoK",Koropble MoryT Bcrpernrbcc e groil npaKT[KHhre, tBrq]oTcf, TonbKo Mo9 l4HAl4BlrAyanbHag nHAnBAMoe n Ka, MOe AHAUBnAyanbHoeBocnphcrt4e qro 6ulno npenoAaHo MHe AyanbHoe noHt4MaHheroro, MoHMHyqHTensMh. EcrecreeHxo, l"toftnuqxulfi AHAVe uIonslr, paBHo KaK h ero noHnAyanbHo-nepcoHanbHutfi y3KO OrpaHilqeHHOqacrHblM, 14nMeHMaH!4e,flBncercfl HO TaK K HeMy cneAyeT orHoct4TbcA,HU B KOeMCnyqae ne a6contornsnpYA il He pacnpocrpaHne 3a re npeAenbr, B Kgropbtx ox QarcrnvecKl4Moxer 6utru aAeKBarHo ilHTepnperhpoBaHh nphMeHen. J4 ecnn fl He HaqhHalo "KaK MHe KaxerKaxAoe cBoe yrBepxAeHne co crloB "no-MoeMy...", "MHe npeAcraBnAercA'.."t"c Moefi cA.,.", "Bo3MoxHo'..", "fl no3Botllo ce6g Tor'fKH 3peHnA,,.", npeAnonoxHTb, tlro..." A T.n., To nocrynap TaK tl'4]llb 4nq roro, qro6ut He 3anyrbtBarb eu{e 6onsute H 6es roFo, KaK MHe Kaxercq, He cnrtttKoM yAo6oqnraeuutfi TeKcr. Teu He MeHee q npouy qrrarenn, BcrperhB B TeKcre oAHo3HaqHbteHa nepaurfi B3rnAA yrBepxAeHhq "ecrb.".", "RBrAercA,,,", "hMeer Mecro..." ll r.A.t Tuna
noMHt4TbO TOM, r{To HeT H.HKaKhxAorM h peqb hAeT acero nhulb o6 o4uor,l-eAhHcrBeHHoMBaphanre o6uRc_ HeHhn - ToM, rcoropurfic B Hacronlglh MoMeHTno KaKl4M-To cBot4M cy6uerrrexulrl npt4qt,lHaMcr{hra}o An, ce6q nar6oaee npheMneMbtMh ..pa6oshM,,. Ho, Ha_ cKolbKo 6ut "pa6ovwM,' eH Hh oKa3arc, B MoeM nlAyt_ BhAyanbHoMCnyqae, 3TO_ Bcero ,1141llb oAhH 143MHO_ xecrBa Bo3MoxHbtxh HeBo3MoxHbtxBaphaHToB,no6ofi 143KOTOpbtxnph KaKhx-To ycnoan'x MoxeT oKa3aTbcg B He MeHblueilcreneHn 3acnyxnBatoqhM paccMorpeHns... Tarrla o6pasou, peqb B erofi rHrre hAeT He o xaT_ xa-fiore eoo6r4e, a ronbKo o npaKTLiKeroro KoHKperHo_ ro crnnat KoropbtM nonb3yocb n, Hnromy Hhqero He HaBq3btBaqh He npeAnata[r q npocTo HenpeAB3gTOh orpeueHHo n3nararc npaKThqecKylo rau$opuaqraro B ToM BHAe,B KaKoMcaM ee nprMeHqto. ff nnxouy He co_ BeTylo hcnonb3oBaTb ee ToqHo TaK xe, KaK 3TO Aenalo fl. Eonee roro, I hpt43btBab Bcex, KTo no KaKHM_To nprLfHHaMpeujhT c Heto o3HaKOMhTbcfl, Hr1B KOeMCny_ qae ee He npnMeHtTb, npeABa.phTenbHo He ocMbtc'|hBh TBopqecKn He nepepa6orae ,'no4 ce69,,. 3HaKoMcrBo c Helo MoxeT cTaTb AnR qhTaTent oTnpaBHbtMnyHKTOM oqepeAHoro 3Tana ero co6creeHHoro crpaHcrBoBaHh, B ero coocreeHHblx noroKax raxeopr,laqnn. A qro oH TaM o6napyxrar h qro c arHM 6yAer Aenarb _ He 3Haer HhKTo, KpoMe Hero cauoro. [4 HnroMy He Moxer 6urru 4e_ na Ao roro, Bo r{To gro Ant Hero Bbtflbercg. B rcoxeqnou cqeTe B hrpoBoM SKCnephMeHTe, ycIoBHO hMeHyeMoM xl43Hblo, rcaxAurfi hMeer npaBo Ha cgofi co6crgexxurfi aut6op cBoero co6creeFtnoro xoAa n, pa3yMeercn, Ha coortsercrByaquh eur6pannoMy xoAy pe3ynbrar, Vl Hw_ KTo He BnpaBe nciMeuJarueMy gTor aur6op cAerarb.
11
10
Hellyru "xarxa' ftprmofi nepeBoAcaHcKpllrcKorocroaa Cfna, MOUIb;ycHtlr'le'HanptxeHfle' Haryra; HaCn'Iue' nprHyxAetue, xeo6xoAr4Mocrb' "liorao - ynptlxKa; c6pyn, y3Aa; npvlt{eHeHue; cpeAcrBo,npuell, ynoBKa; ljlarug, eonue6grBo; cBtl3b' c reu-nn6o; npro6perenre' eaauuoo6ycnoBneHHocrb Bbtnrpbtrx;pa6ora, ycepAne, npilnexaHhe; cocpeAoro-
pa3MblujneHne' co3epqaHhe; STt4MOnorhR' cfpyKrypHoe nponcxoxAeHhe; npaBujlo; coFflacoBaHHe' ynpaBneHhe, KoHTporlb. fl xauepexHo He npuBoxy HUKaK[x BapilaHToBne"xarxa -iora "' IlpeAnara P qr4Taret K) peaoAa. coqeia xrac coorcamocrosrenuno nogoSparb Bapr4axt, xau6oT ee noHn4aHun' BercrBytott-{u& ero co6creexfiomy Xarxa-fiora He ecrb l-lyrs, n5o luxouu o6pasox +te aeAer K pa3B,lrnto cepgeqHocrll' Xarxa-f,ora He ilMeer €epgqa. Bccxllfi xe l-lyru 6eg Cepaqa He ecrb llcrt4r"
qeHHe,
flYru. HHTerpanbHoro coXarxa-f,ora ecrb rexnororun nocpeAuHcrpyileHToB, BepueHcrBoBaHilg KollnneKca CyqecTEo CTBotilucnO'|b3OBaHnfl KOTOpSIXOco3Ha0qee oHo ABvlxercn Aar,rxercR no flyrn oco:HaHHR. To, ry4a eu6opotl xHgnBugyatlbHbltl eno H 3aqeil, onpe,qennercn Texuono3aBllclfr' He H flr,tKaK or npaxruxn xarxa-ftorM ue uoxer 6uru r$qecKas rpeHupoBoqHafi nparrlrxa penurufftHyx" KynbrypHylo $a rcropor.r, onpegenf, tou{Hu nP]lHaAIeXH(rcTb UHAHlr cot{[anbflo-ilepapxr'lqecKylo BnAa. Hao6opor, penxrr,to3Hae' KynbrypHan n coquaflbe 6onuHo-hepapxuqecKaq nphHaAnexHocrb 14HAt4BnAa llrt4HcrBecnyqaeB RBlexlTcR remr SarropaMh, Koropble
nui
onpeAenspT xapaKTep npHMeHeHhn l{M TexHofloruqe_ cxofi rpennpoao.rxofi npaKTlrKB,KaK HHcrpyuetTanbHoro cpeAcrea. Hanpnmep, corrrlcHo: pnAy r4croqHhxoa, oAl4H h3 aenh.{afiuJr,rx iornxoa-npaKTriKoB paHHero cp€AHeBeKoBbeMarcuexgpa-Harx, paapa6oraeurlai qenui Knacc fionrqeercnx acaH,- 6urn 6yg4ncro-.r. HeKoropbte [crorfHhK],t cKnonHbt cr{nrarb 6y44rcrom rar_ xe H l-opaxury, BKnaA Koroporo a Sopur,rpoBaHhe h pa3Bhrre xarxa-*orn 6utn He MeHee 3HaqhrenbHbltf. Cpegh BuAatoulltxcn ftorunoB npounoro n HbtHeuHero cronerhs 6utnx tr ecrb KaK HHAyHcrbt r,rxplicrhaHe, TaK r.r6y4.qrcrbl, Aaocbt, h Aaxe HayqHbte areucrbl, a raKxe re, KTo He Bepnr HH B HayKy, HA aoo6ule Bo qro 6u ro nn 6utno, KpoMe Saxroa HenocpeAcrBeHHoro BocnprATAA.
kls xxornx rexHonorlifi rHrerpanbHoro coaepureHcrBomHHRxarxa-Xora ltoxer 6uru orHeceHaK pa3peAy ornnqaloulxxcff Hah6onruefi a$$exrrer+ocrblo a ocBOeHhr4 lrcKyccTaa BnaAeHng OpraHH{eCKHil TenoH, 14C_ KyccTBa HaKOfUleHhR n nepepaenpeAene$h$ 3Hepfi4l,f BO BCeX rcoltlroHeHTax ]lFtAr/rB4Ayafiuxoi axepreThqe-
crcoi crpyxrypurl, HcxyccrBa o6perennn KoHTpon, ltaA Cnno[ h ynpaaneH{r Hailepex},lem nocpeAcrBon BonH. BosmoxFto, lrtrexHo xarxa-*ora B ApeBHHe Bpe]EHa hcnolrbaoeanacb KaK oAHa h3 BucurHX crynenefi B TexHlr_ rce o6 u1e$Hgnqecro& n o6 uleexepFerhqecKofi noAroroexn or6opnblx BolrHoB - Bo]+ltoe-l+€lFoB, qbe yqacrhe B 6oeeux Aeficreu*x 3aqae'ryto craHoariflocb peurartrqlrm $arcropor,r, n6o oxlr He ror'tbKo B coBepueHcrBe yll€nll MoAyn$poBarb ncnxonor$$exrfi xacrpoh KaK cBol,ix, t o6rccHexhe roro, qro noHHr{aercq noA 3Heprerhl{ecxofi crpyxrypoit qenoaeLtecKoFo.eyulecraa, cm. Hhxe E coor_ BercrBy rol4e!* Fa3Aene.
13
L2 TaK u BpaxecKhx eorAar' Ho raKxe BnaAenh oco6utpt - nocpeAcTBOMBoneBblx MaHhI4CKyCCTBOM BOT4HCKuM nyna\ui,t Ha$epeHileM oHt4 Mornr sopmnpoaaTb cnryar.lr4H,npnBoAvlaulhe r x6oxrAaHHoMy creqeHnlo coBepueHHo cnyuailxutx r HenpeAcKa3yeMblx,Ho reM He MeHee poKoBblx AnF nporl'lBHhl(a, o6uercrnBHblx o6croqrenucrBt. Bnpoueu, ta B Hacroqqee BpeMqrpeHnpoBoqHbre Mero4ut xarxa-fiorh nphMeHqnTcg B ornrLlaloull4xcs oco6oil aQ$exrraaHocrbto nnAnficrnx ulronax 6oe"ncuxoaHeprerhqecBbtx HcKyccrB B KaqecrBe npaKTilK - noAo6no roMy' Koro HanorHeHLiq" 6oeettx rexHhK qnryH B TpeHhpoBot{Hbtx KaK hcnonb3ytorce reixnrrcn TexHororhgx AanbHeBocroqHblx6oegutx cl4creM' KcraHe rnuJeHHblx ocTil, comacno oAnoil 13, tso3Mo)f(Ho, ecnr eeKoroputil, Hoeaxhfi aepcrft, EoAAxnAxapMa, "nphuJel c 3anaAa" r nofloxt4r HaLlano phrb nereHAez, TpaAhqnn llJaolnxn, nphHaAnexan K KnaHy npaKT]lKoB nn4nilcrcoro 6oeaoro ucKyccrBa ranapr-nafinrr' IlocneAoearenbHan KoppeKTHaRnpaKTilKa xarxafiorn npueoAilT K HaKonneHnn n KoHqeHTpaqhhorpoMHOro Koflt4qecTBa3Hepful4 Ha Bcex ypoBHex 3HepreTu"3actoilqecrcoft crpytcrypbl qer'loBeqecKorocyulecrBa' Haq KoHcepBaqhR" arofi sHeprt4u pa3pytllhrenbHa' SueprNn HaKannuBaercq h KoHqeHTpl4pyercqAnR Toro' qto6ut 6utru ncnonb3oBaHHofi. floror xn3Hh - noroK HenpepbtBHonpoucxoAcult4x c HaMh hsMexexhfi' 9eu 6onuute ts HaueM pacnopcxeHhil 3Heprhr, TeM 3HaqnTo, nameHqeMcflMbl B HanpaBneTenbHee h3MeHeHmg, HnH pa3Burnl, cBo6oAbl 14 oco3HaHhn t4ru xe B HanpaBneHHn Aerpar4aqnn, 3aKpenoueHng h aBTOMarh31 cu. xanprMep, MHoroi{ncneHHble SnnqecKueonltcaHtafl "Maxa6xapare"vl "PaMaqHe"' 6aranuxutxcqeH B 2 A He Bephrbefi, epo4e 6u, oco6utxocHoaaHuilxet"'
Ma, 3aBrcrr He or Konhr{ecrBa3Heprh}r,hMepuleficc e crcreMe nautefi 3Heprerhqecrcofi crpyKTypbt,14Aaxe He or roro, e raroX creneHn npoqeccbtee nepepacnpeAe,reHuqnoAKoHTponbHbl xaurei Bore, a npexAe Bcero or TOrO, KyAa h KaK Mbt 3Ty SHeprnlo BKIaAbtBaeMhIH He BKnaAbtBaeMB npoqecce npoxr4BaHhn cBoeh nwnoh cygu6ur. Oopuynur KoHTponr- npaBuna u orpaHhqeHhe, cQopuynnpoBaHHbteB cBoAe npuHqhnoB FMbt u HnAMbr-- nph3BaHbtno Mepe Bo3MOXHOCTT npeAoxpaHhTb npaKThKytoqero xarxa-ilory or cMeprenbHoro AblxaHne BbfueAuero h3-noA Bnacrr Bonr BtaxpA Cunu, rhnep_ KoHqeHTpr4poaaxHofi 3a cqer npaKThKr4.Ho Aanero ne Bo Bcex cnyqaqx Qopr.lyl KoHTponc oKa3blBaerce Aoc_ TaroqHo. 3xeprun HaKanrhBaerce t4 KoHlleHTpnpyercr AnA Toro, qro6ur 6urtu enoxennoi B ABhxeHhe _ ABh_ xeHhe no l-lyru. l-lyru - 3To xh3Hb. gro qenoBeK Aena_ er co ceoefi xil3Hb'lo, 3aBhcHTTonbKo or Hero caMoro. Eoree roro, no 6onuuol,ry cr{ery, eopuynur KoHTpon, B AeilcrahrenbHocrl4 TaKoBblMr4He qBnqtorcn. IlpuHqrnul AMbtvt HHnMbt- He cao4 a6crpaKTHbtx npalnnt a onr_ caHhe roro, KaKhMcraHoBltrcf, o6pae x.n3tn qenoBeKa BcneAcrBhe npaKTrKh fiornqecxux rpeHhpoBor{Hbtx rexHhK. Ecnr nparrrryrcuqrfi e rarcoil-ro MoMeHT He npnBeAer caofi o6pa3 xh3Hr4 B crporoe coorBercrBhe co cQopuynltpoBaHHbtMt4 B npaBrnax RMbt n HhgMbl nphHqhnaMu, aH nonpocry He BbDt(hBer.Xarxa_hora, BepHee, HaKonI€:HHagB pe3yjlbTaTeee npaKTilK|,|SHep_
rrn, y6uerero.
O6ycloaaeHHae nparrrrofi KoHr{eHTpaLlr4e,oHe.p_ rnn B cTpyKrype qeroBeqecKoro cyu{ecTBa npNBoAhT K ycilneHuo Bcex ee ceoilcra. Bce nponareHu+ qe.noBeKa 'Cu, paaAer"YcnoBrq",
14 xapa Krep' Xarxan pnao6peraloT rnnegrpoQ$poBaxxufi co6oft - Tacamrn c nbrr* BHyrpr ce6n cranKxBaercs AocronHcladMt+i KrM, KaKoft ox ecru, co acellll c*,ounn"ycrneHHbll'1" - Ho Bo npo6nbxaugl H HeAocrarKaxll o6rtquoro MHoro, pa3 flo cpaBHexxlo c cocroqHnem !l npaKT'lKytoqero' He qenoBeKa' xaD(a-fiory cpeAHero nH CyMeer TO/ rlTO OH C TaKHU CO60to 6yger Aenarb'n PalcoBrraAarb c xllBorHbfH aBTONarh3t4oM B ceft 3€lBllCxT OT BnTb XaLleCTBaOCO.SHatoqerOCyqe9rBa'Ha a3mcHyrb orpeu'eHHo ero cnoco6xocrrr rpe3Bo ll qefloBeqecKoe 3BepHor caMoro ce69, orAeflnrb B ce6e TaK' HOrO N CO3HaTenbHonepepacnpeAetlHTb 3HepFl4|o B ripoqecc qro6u BnoxeH$e ee B npoqecc x93Hh a K He AerpaAaq]fil' nphBeno npoABfixeHrr no llyrl,t' OT CO3HaHfiR K pa3BrTHrO 3BOnPqltOHHOt'tyABltxeHrlo tleroBeqecKoMy' xlrBorHoro cocTottHl'lfl K co6cTBgHt{o Koro3To - 6ntBa, tl6o raxos ynbTuMar]'tsi'lutfi Bbl3oB' pulft peuraercn 6poct4Tb caxotty ce6e ror, KTo Bcrynaer Onacnocrb AerpaAallllll BenHHa rpony xanca-*orn. KGt._ B Hac eqe clt4lllKotit cltnbHbf ilOryqecTBeHHble xHBOTHbte lteHTanbHble nporpaM$bl, BbtpaxaloulrecR xeBo MHoxecree o6ypeeanu{}fx Hac npornBopeqhBblx KoHTpononHora x naxnft. ftpeAenuxaf, orpeueHHocrb qroSu c HrHH cognaAarb' nc Heo6xoAttuor'flr19 Toro, 'r orypeu'eHHoerb' Ho Xanca-frora Aaer I Ko]rrponb' 3TO:- Xecroxufi KOHtpOnb oeSynpecxo orT axeHHOrO l,rexaHlf3Ha 14 xolqAHaP pa8HqAyuHafi orpeueHHocrb BHlxeAueroHaoxoTyx}rqHriKa..t|ro6uHcflonb3oBaT.b cHhx ,.Hao6opor" - A'lq H36aBneHHqce6g or A]'lKTaTa qTo-To eqe' Asqero B xaxAoH t'13 Hac 3BepR' HyxHo "qro-To eule" - ca[oe rtaBHoe, To' tlro npeepa3To qaer Hauy x].f3Hb e llyra. fl xasoey 3To caHoe rtaBHOe "rtro-To erqe" CepAqeu ranraFlto6oeurc, u6o Apyrh€ ctloBaAnRo6osxaqexun3To|-o.MHeHe},BaecTHbt.To.{|.|o
l5 raK xe, KaK He r3BecrHo uHe. orKyAa 3TO 6epercn. r Ha qro noxoxe... flpecro, Bo3HHKagrta ora3ilBaercn cyu{ecTaypulr4M U He noA.qa€rq}4r{cfl Ht4 Bbtpa)KeHH}O,Hl,l onucaH'lo KaKrMH,6u ro +ln 6uno cpeAcrBailu. Orqy_ qeHne 3TOfO Moxer flBcrBeHHonprcyrcrBoBarb e o6pa3ax, HaBeBaeMbtx"'rHacrotll4t4t{,, HcKyccrBoM,.qro, oA_ HaKO,BCe paBHOHenb3c,cr{uTaTbonIcaH}4eM, CKOpee_ nrpoh Bocnpusrr4s. lAau arpofit c. BocnplrsT&eu... lAtax, npexAe qeM ABnrarbcn ,qarbule, 3anoMHr4M- xarxa-fiora He ecrb Flyru, Ho ,tHutb rexHoJ.torurl o6ecneqexun Hauero npogBnxeH[q no llyrr orpeulenrio r,r 6eaynpeqHo KonTponrpyeruofi axeprueri. To xe, Ha qTO Mbl nOTpaTUM3Ty 3H€pFl4lO;He 3aB[ChT OT TpeHylpoBogHbtx anrophruoe xarxa-ftorl4. 3ro 3aBHcHT TonbKo or Hac, or roro eur6opa caMl4x ce6n, xoropsrfi Mbr AenaeM B KaxAoe MrHoBeHne caoefi xu3Hr4. Acnonb3yr 3Heprfip 9t ypoBeHb BraAeHue.nx$opr,raqueh o cyu4nocrx ycrpoficraa Mmpa, AaBaeMbte npaxruxofi xarxa-fioru, xaxgurfi nB Hac Moxer c oAuHaKoBbtM ycnexoM KaK Ha gecRTllneTuc coxpaHnTb cHny H, MOnO_ Aocrb, aK u ftpuKomluTu.ce6n B TeqeHHe HecKonbKux MecqqeB, KaK npeBpaTlrTbcf, B nonHocTbo oco3Haplqero ce6c cao6oAnoro 6ora, .rarc n crarb cKoBaHHbtM "BcrpoeHHbtMl4" -MeHTaflbHbtmt4 nporpaMMal{h Ao co_ cTotHHC SOr't6u-aeToitaThsHa xecTot{4M CaMOAOBOnb, Hbm noxorflrBbn4 x]tBorHbttt, ofuia4aou{r4M rtyAoBr4u.t_ Hbn{H crnailil n cnoco6xuil pa3pytxurr np6ure nperpa_ Abr Ha. nyrlr K pearx3aqnh xenaxrfi u crpacrefi, "Ha4ilKToBaxHttx'i eFry,'nocraBr4uKaMil', nporpa"r. 3ro - rpafixocrn, Nts. t4x .qocrilxeHlrc ycneuHocrb npaKTnt
T7
16 6ope caunx ce6n Mbl cqepeeMceG Cepnqem Hauero xH3HeHHoro[lyrlt, h eoo6u{e, RBrlgerctlHauJaxn3Hb B flyreru unm ero npocro paBHoAytuHoenposn6anne cepAqe neft B oxhAaHh}lcMeprll, TO ecTb hMeerccnn KAK TAKOBOE.
llYru - KaK npoqecc HaKonflyru ecru XhsFlu' XhsFlu neHnl oco3HaHhn' npoqecc pa3B'lrt4tl cnoco6Hocrr pe3ooco3HaBarb- HaxoAnrb nnt co3AaBarb e ce6e en6paquonHaq KaprhHa, oco3HaHcHbte3oHbl. Mrp HaBaHne- pe3oHaHc,oco3HaHhe Han}lqt4eB 3Heprernqecrofi crpyKType KoHTponhpyeMblxeorefi 3oH' cnoB pe3oHaHcc oco3HaBaeMblM' co6nutx BXoAt4Tb Kaxautfi A3 Hac, xt4Byu{l4x 3Aecb u cefivac,qeHTp Bcenenxofi, ToqKa KoHqeHTpaLlnhcaMooco3fiannn Mnpa. h naula ilaBHaR orBercrBeHHocrb e nlo6om h3 Bonnoqenuil - 3TOOTBercrBeHHocrbnepeA caMhM-t4 co6oft 3a pa3Bnrue co6crseHxoro llHrqhBuAyanbHoFo ceo6olHoro oco3HaHns. lActunnac ceo6oAa 6e3 CepAqa HCBO3MOXHA.
rBopqecKoe ,Qnnpaserrnq oco3HanrRueo6xoAl4Mo 4eilcrone, n6o rorlbKo.TaKhMcnoco6ot"lnocrhraercn - MexaHnKa'TBoprlecKorQ 6slrns MexaHhKaco3hAaHl4n nepe,4 orBercrBgHHocrb rnaBHatl "1-*a Mnpg, no3TgMy MaK3a orBercrBeHHocrb sAecu H cefiqac 3To Mrapotu pe-an.H3aqhlo Tex cnManbHoepaserrue h nonHoueFHyto ranairoa ia cnoco6HocrefiK rBopqecrBy,Koropble3al4crnHuoeTBopqqcrnoxeHbl9,[?. HauhM.PAXAeHueM" Bq 6e3.,Cepnqa.!-!e8Bo3.tloxl-{or' .: :. : i rBopqecraa, Haue!9 {QrJJ. 6utru'uc- Pqlnularbr MI ng,1uso-eartbl ; t4 ht rJgn.b3ylorc.e:Apy r}liM1'1qe,roBege-cKt4
( yqecrBaMn B ux rBopqecKt4x'4eicranrx, HanpaBreH. Hbrx Ha pa3Bhrhe oco3HaHnr. Tonuro TaK Mbt Moxem Aeicrs$renbHo noMor{b t4tvtHa nx f}yrra. B arom * cyrb cocrpaAaHnn, Koropoe, TaK xe KaK cBo6oAa h rBopqecrao, 6e3 Cepaqa He 6ureaer HeBosr"toxHo no-Hacronu{eMy rBoprrb, nonb3yqcb vyxoil eneprreft. floarouy Ha[!a maBHafl orBercrBeHHocrb 34ecb n cefrqac. nepeA caMuMt4co6oft h nepeA BceMh, KTo Hac oKpyxaer e xauefi n+
19
18
xoBl - c roro MolreHnai KaK oHH HaqHHaKlr reparb cBorl ttetro BflonHe floxHo 6uno 6st pacce[Barb ee HarTo,6es co6creeHxbte cmrbt. Hs sce 3To Mbt AonxHbt,Aerarb hcoulyh xac 6yns nocronxHo npecreAoBarb [gor*at. Kntoqrrenurro oco3HaHHo - n nl4ub a camo* neo6xoSHepcrtl' H€ xBaTaeT xBaTaeT tlro He *laE r4e}*}!le'Tof,o, qrmofi ilepe. Eloo6uler,ecnt,t Hbt no KaKnlt-To nphqnHau t{to-to' r{To i'lbl ilorn}t 6H r' no rxlr Ha qro-To euF"' oco3HaHHopeulaem cna6xaru Koro-To hnu r{To-To 3HepHoi" wAeetAonxHbl6utnn6ul cA€narb' rnei ne AaHHoro Halt noroKa Cnnu, Mbl AonlKHbr orAaocoSHaHHOro EcnHl Mbr He hMe€H no,lHOqeHHOro eart ce6e oTqeT B.Toti,t,AnR r{eR) },tbt 9To Ae$aeM u KaHe cBoero RoroKa Ct,tntl' ltbl Aocryna Ko Bcery o6ter'ry xoe pe3ynbrar noAo6roro .qeficrenn e 6yger,peanuxufi K nonxot{enmo peanrloBarb c'or4 cnocoo'oerr ;;.;; HaueM TBop'{ecrBe h rBopqecrqe rex,. rro saueil 9HBp. co tBopqecTsyr Mbt He eyileeil notltlocrblo lP-lnrucn rrei eocnonb3yercq.. rlem s 6onuuefi creneHgt ltbt.crpefiltl,tcn KoHTponlrcgoefi Muccuefi,Mbtnocrynuu 6egoteercraeHHo' ':' 6ecroxrpons3HeprTeft' ceoeft poBarb cBop co6creeHrryp 3Heprlrp, qeu oco3HaHHee Ecnn MbtxeprByeu B anbTpyt4cTuqecKrx t4 HanpaBo ee pa3AaBafl Mbr err pacnopnxaeilcq H qelt aQQerrneHee ncnonb3yHO laneBo Xorn' xo6esorbercTeeHHo' nocrynleru Mbl eM ee B ceoeu co6creeHxor{ TBopqecrBer TeH orBercrnopbtBax, nerqe n yAo6xee' BeHHee ilH nocrynaeM no orHoureHno r Mnpy, camr$,l """"o, ti* aav6crYro6utsaer np:|"' nruaeu ce6R ce6e cnoco6orq r Apyruu qenoBeqecKtru cyqecrBau. raK]4M BeAu ece OAxaro l:'-1"-.]:lbKo xr,rByt{ne 3Aecb, ToqHo TaK xe, KaK h Mbr, gBnglOTCt aogMoxxocTt4Bb|noIHHTbTyTBopqecKyp3aAaqy,.KoJo-
pu; "trrnoxeFa!a Hac? Aexnol-KoHKperHot'!.1iT. h MeulaeM cgenarb Ho rqeHrn Mrapor"rH HaMu iil'lnmn, OTAaeH cBolo 3Heprxp' 3To reM cyqecrBaM,.,KOTO.pqlM'14x"crper+4eH+{n Mu. noTaraei{' ltx':GflQ5oc-Tq$, n6u$l.R' npeoAoneHrc Hcnorb3oBarb TpyAHOCTHKaK uaHc Afifl x BpeMfl xvl3Hll' 3Thx cna6octeft. Mu rparnm 3Heprlrrc Ha TO' pa3BllTt'|fl' orBeAeHHble HaM Ann rBoptlecKoro H Uepa3BHBarbcfl qro6H tllluaTb ce6s Bo3MOXHOqn r'lro eAylHcrularb pa3Bl4Barbcn Apyr}'ltl' Mut sa6uteaeii' nor4oqb ApyftrFl BeHHOe,r{eM }4bl AeficrBhrenbHo MO)t(eM HaUeFo pe3ynbTaTbl B hX peanbHol4 pa3BVTtAA'.--3TO TBOpqecTBa BKnaAblBarb Mut uoxeu, 6onee roro, Mbt AonxHbl T.ex nop' noKa oHu He 3Hepru|o B pa3BtlrHe Aerefi lI| Mtl' uro6si 6onuue "taryt goclatoqHo caxocrosrelYt xe llbl Moxeu H raK B Hac He Hyr(Aarucs' 14 Toqfo AonxHb|BKnaAbtBaTb${epruloBnoaAepxKy.cTap}|-
roqKauu KoHqeHTpallhx caMooco3HaHhqMr,rpa.
tfiilDoDrtaun l,lHSopr'raqnff- nn-$opmaqytn -- BHeApeHHeeopMbr. HanoxeHnem xaqecreeHxofi H KonHqecreexHofi r,trQopmaqran Ha none aHepruh por(Aaercn o6pas peanbHocrt4. Or loro, KaKyp l,tx$opr.lat4uxl 14KaK Mbl nocpeAfiBoM pe3oHaHca HaKnaAbtBaeMcBol,tMBOCnpHqTHeM Ha npocrpancreeHxo-sHeprer[qecKoe! rione, raroBbrMtsflRercs BceneHHaR, nonHocrbro 3aBncnr BocnpuHhMaeMaRHaMt,tKaprmua Mnpa. OcosHaeaHhe- o6pa1 EcrecreexHo, Tex !f3 Hlrx, Krq a arom Ae[crBXTerbHo HyxAaercn. h6o, nycru peAKo, Ht) Bcrpeqalx>rcffcraphxn, qbru xlt3Hegnofi cune, MyApocrt4t4 ynennro xyrru uoxx6 ronbKo no-xopoujef{y no3aBhAoBaTb.
21,
20 ransopuaqnh' Ocos6orra n npaKTnqecKoeycBoeHHe pe3ynbrar HaKonreHnn oSopunexuoft nHHaHHe- npollecc' Haronrenne 3Heprhh Qopruarlreiit".ptrr. xeo6xoAuMa taxQopMaqhq o Ann ero peanr3aLlnn oH nocTpoeH' tl o npaKTnqenpuHqhnax, Ha KOTOpblx B peanbcKnx npheMax BonnouleHhfl3TnX nphHLlnnoB .HOCTb. B hToFe BCe BCerAaynhpaeTce e nn@oplaaqhlo' eaxHutfi acl4nSopmaur,lfl- caMbtil qennutil n cauutfi nerr nP6oFo 3HaHnfl. - caMbtfi qeHnutfi TexnonorrqecKae ran$opuauun hMeHHo oHa n saxHutfi ehA t'lHQopMallht4'nocKonbKy co3AaHh9 no3BOIFer nocrfiqb cylltHOCTb npoueccoB peanbHocrtl' o6beKToB hHblx BocnpnqrheM Tex vnv coBepueHTexnonorrqecKaa r'lrQopmauun o npaKThKe qennutil camutfi crBOBaHhfl.''{eroBeKoMcaMoro ce6n hMeHHo Bt,tATexHorlorrqecrofi ran$opmaurn, nocKonbKy qro xeo6xoAl4MonpoAon6naronapc efi... fl He AyMaP' xaTb,..
nolt(oA ]lnAnrrNlarbHblf "CKotlbro nroAeil - cro'lbKo t,l MHeHhil"' KaxFlpraaceft xaurefi Apyr Ha Apyra noxoxecrh peanbHocru xorq 6ut Aurfi hs Hac HenoBTopt'lMn BnAAr nphH; "yro"*y no-cBoeMy, nocKotlbKy 3epHa nonntril' sa6ornhso nn6o ur4noB,'ugeit, cnyuailno o6poxexHute Ha 6nutoAutty'o rn6o 6ecnno4ny'' rula;;';;;"t;bre' Ht'lBy TenbHo Bo3AenaHHyo nra6o BoBce HeBcnaxaHHylo norq' Hauero n{An}naYanbHoro hHoopMaunoHHoro ycbtxalor hnn nnoAbl BCXOA'IT.rnA He BCXOA9T,AatoT nOpeAK" CO6CTBeHHOM ".'Knlo"rtenbHo B c:POeM ] f::. Bt4Ayt4hlA14 KperHoMy KoH crae, cepficrBeHHoM.qaHHoyy nontclAaHHoro KoHKpQTHo' an.bHotfyran$opuaunoHHPMy
fo r,rrioopr.lupyeMoFo nHAt4BnAa, noSToMy np6an uHQopMaquq, a oco6eHHocrt4- TexHolornqecKafl, craHoet4Tcg no-HacronqeMy "pa6or{ei" 4.nR AaHHoro Ko}tKperHoro qenoBeKa, TolbKo 6ygytn npeo paaoeaxHofi rau coo6pagHo ero nt4nlvtAyarbHbtM cgoficrsaM h reM ycnoBrffM, B Koropbtx ox ce6s BocnprHhMaer. Karuu 6ur ynnaepcanbHbtMn eMKt4MHh Ka3ancn Hau qeil-ro onbtr, oH Bcer4a --- 9eX-To, n AnA Toro, qro6urh3BleL{b 143Hero MaKchMyMnpaKTyqecrofi nxSopmaqnra gnn ce5n, xaM xeo6xoAt4Moero ..no4 ce6q,, rpaxc$opr,tt4poBarb. floarouy sar6olee a4exearxurfi noAXoA rc 1rc6ofi TexHonorhqecxofi r,+reopr,laqnnt u B qacrHocrl4 - K npe4craBneHHofi s4ecu,- TBopqecKoe ocMbfcneHre, "npovyecrBoBaHne,, a*anvlS ra rpanceopMaLlhR "noA ce6r" B npoqecce ceoefi co6craexFtofi npaKTr4Kl4. Hrrarag rexHonornqecKan rx$opr,raqhq He Moxer 6urru uenpeaoxuofi uctnuoia ta HenoKo.ne6nuofi4oruofi, nocKonbKy3BonrcqhoHHoecoBepueHcTBoBaHhe _ oAHO 1la3rrfaBHbrxceoftcra llo6ulx rex6onorhil. lA a noAXoAe KaxAoro HoBoro "nnQopunpyeMoro,, oHa AonxHa, oHa npocro o6RsaHa xorn 6ur qyroqKy MyrrpoBaru. Or6op NnSopuaqhoHHbtx l.lyraqnX To, 6laro4apn qeMy pa3BhBatorcqrexHolornn. pasgt4rhe rexHonorril _ To, 6naro4apn qeMy pacuhpRercr Ahana3oH ABneHnh, BKnpqaeMbtxHauJrMBocnphrrneM B Kaprhny Mrapa. floausoearbcn npeAnaraeMbtMt4 KeM-TocxeMaMh h noAXoAaMhecnu n hMeeT cMbtc,l, To '|t4trJbAo TeX nop, noKa He nogBhrcq "gyBcrBo co6ctaexxofi Tponbt,,, coOcrBeHHoro o6paaa gehctaua, co6crsexHoro noAxoAa. h KaK TOIbKO 3TO CnyqaeTcfl, Mbt ocTaBIteM B CTOpOHe Bce qyxhe Tponbt, npofi4exxurc unt npoxoArMbte KeMro ApyrnM, h craHoBHMcRHa caop co6crBeHHyro- Her3BeAaHHyror eAhHCTBeHHO BepHylo Arq Hac, h nblTa-
23
22 60nee oco3naHe[cq; nATn no $efi, crynan KaK'MO)|(HO uar craHoBllrcn Ho, H TorAa raxAuft Hau cnegyroruufr nwSopxaure* ilHAhBl4Ayanuxofr V*"*urroroi no6egoir 'Haulero nHAHBltAyllaqhlr HaA HenoKoprofi crnxneft ilOflq - etAe OAHHMtr|arOM B afibHOro 3HepreTlrr{ecKOFO He o3Haqaer' qro pa3Bhrtll4 oco3HaHng' 3To, oAHaKo' "Tyxofi" nn$opt'1aLlt1l'l' Mbr Hanpot{b orKa3btBae}4cn or nepepa6arutMu enrrutBaell E ce6s Bce n TBopqecKlt no cBoero ABnxeHHq BaeM B ce6e, Aenaq AocroRHHe$ ceoefi TPone'..
aclerttj [Hlailffi]l 6b n HorqerryaJlbnue 1vacrx urf Baplra]fr Brl3l'ro)KH 91 i1t;:t : l:LT::-"A'tt Tpagnqnoxxyto bnopor tla no Bo3irotf(Hocrn ilornqecrllx reKcroB Tepr'lrrHonortrrc)
'
hsHaqansFlaR H,aqto ecrb HenpoqBne"L-o:..-utE' e ce6e no'reH1l4to nycrora He-npocrpaHcrBa coAepxhr npoctplL nHrerpanbHoro acefi nonxorbl npoeBnennfi o roM' roBophr a npoeBneHre co3HaHHr B Mlne *"i, CoaMrapa' Kaqecroo qro co3HaHile ecrb l43HaL{anbHoe onpe4enqloult4t4 "u"'re He BblAen'nocu 6ut B orAenunuiil nocyqecrBoaara xe 6u *og ,"ontol{Nra Qarrop, ecnv ' co6utrnft noBopora TeHllnanbHat Bo3MoxHocrbraKoro npl4qt'tCrpemnenne K caMooco3HaHhKtcraHoBHTcR ce6q Bc6' $optll'txoil, no6yxAapuleil Hrqro RBvlTbna xe6utrrR' copyq . s nycTore He-npocrpaHcrBeHHoro norcoropofi ecrb ogHopoAHocrb a'6conprnoro .tot'"r" "HHb", "TaMac,, nonHory npoqrpaHcrBeHHoHnh rof,1 1 B caHKXbe3ra reHAeHqHe B "TaMac"' l4nvl $rnoco$croft AoKrpHHe 6arug Mrpa nonyqilIa Ha3saHHe ao*o""r, '\auo-ry+n", AoxrpraHe ee o6osHaB gaoccKoft $rnoco$croft "l'lHb"' "utoitup"nHoM
ro 6bnua, cocroRHlte Koroporo ecrb HeoAHopo4Hocrb HenpepuaHoro ABHxeHuRl - "pagxacl', t,tlfi ..nH,'. TorAa npOffBneHHOe TBOpeHile OKa3btBaeTCsnOKafi.bHbtfll KOHqeHTpr,tpoBaHHbtH tBIeHlteil, ao3HHKaloqxM np],1 onnoAorBoBeHfifi xenoAauxxof, noronrqeficn nycrorbl npuHqltnom ABHxeHun" Tauo-ryna nn$ 'lHb-Haqaflo a rrof, cxeue 6yger Haqalor,l xeHcxl4r{, u6o nocpe.qcrBou onaoAoTBopeHflt Tailaca unu uBb MyxcKr4r{ Ha.{anoM paA)Ko-ryHd unu flH ,t3 nycroru noKonulerocq xe6urnrR Bo3HHKaernonHora ABrxyqerocR 6urnR. PaAxac H Tauac ecrecrBeHHo crpemtrcc KoxneHcrpoBarb Apyr Apyfa, B3aHHHo Apyr B Apyre pacTBo_ pr,{Bultrcbil Te},t caMUM Bo3Bpar}tB npoqaneflHofi AuxaMHKeno4Horbt Bcero r€HaqanbHoe ycroivl4eoe. cocroflHHe noKofl nycroTbt Ht{q€ro. paexoaecr4e AileQepeHll}tpooaHHoro s 6blTt4e re6urnR* .TaKHMo6paaom,. npoet3BoAlrr BneqarJreHne ueycrofiqnBoro. Anq ero $nxcaqux r AarbHefiulero crpyKrypupoBaHur HeoAHopoAHoro npocrpaHcrBa Bnnorb go o6paso*aHul KBa3xxecrKux Qopu cy6craxquoHarbHbtx BHAoB ilarepru r"rtpa neo6xoAlru nertfi Qarrop, noAAepxuaarcqlafi AHHaHHqecKoe paBHoaec-ilepaAxaca 14Tai{aca B cocToeHl4lrTBOpqecrofi cpeAu2 - carrBa. Hasoaet{ eror $axrop Har,ter B goxrprHe caHKXbs - "pa4xac,,, vtntA..pa4xo-ryxa,,, "qH"" Aaoccrnfi afianor Cnpaxa: caHKxbR - itr€ltcrlr{€cxan ernoco$cKan cr4creua, c$opMynhpoBaHa Kanrnoi (VII e.), ,lerna B ocHoBy rprnoco$cxof, cusrexu yt{eHhq fioru. 6unne Mytpo3AaHr4e, corfl acHo HHTepnpeTaqxcil goKrpllHbt caHKxbR, nennerce pe_ rynbrarofl asauuogeficrBun ilareprlt (npaxpxrn) r co3HaH$B (nypyur) - iqoyx r€HaqanbHbtx xaq€cra npoeBreHHoro. 2 carrBa, r4rlr4 carrao-ryxa - TaKoe uils nonyqra a $unoco$crofi AoKTpHHe caHKxbq gTor acneKT cocroeHhq npoqBneHHoro.
25
24 co3HaHne' peHileM Mrapa oco3Harb ce6n nocpeAcrBoM B npocBneHHblxQopuax' Taxoe cKoHqeHTpt4poBaHHoro e x a u l e r y c n o e u o f i M o A e n n r c n p q e a o f i n- p h H l - l H n T B o p e hHb n AH'paAxac xuc. Coo6pa3Hoemy' TaMac h orAenbHocrt4/ n6o BpqA nh Moryr cyqecrBoBarb no CoeAhHqqcu' n pora"".q"nsr 4raQQepeHqtraLlnefi oAxoro' nycrora HenpoeBoHn aHHnrhnhpyloT.SesxhsxenHac rBop.lecKot4 nonHory B neHHoro rpaHcSopnnpyercn OCO3Hapeanh3aLlil14 cpeAbl npoqBreHHOro BCneAcTBhe h3 B3ahMo4eficrann4Ayx BaeMOroHaMepeHng,KOTOpoe nphHt-lnnharbHo14KaqeTperbo, rexAexqrfi BblBoAt4T hmexHo 6narocrBeHHoornnqHyp or rcaxAofi n3 AByx' cocraBnclol4he AHOOepeHAapq AeficrBhlo HaMepeHhc nycro,.trpo"u""ofi e HeoAHopoAHocrbhHTerpanbHocr'l noAAepTbt - Te, r{TOCrpeMecb Apyr Apyra noxparb' nopoxAalor norxhBalor B3arMHOecyqecrBoBaHne,nannoulefi npo"o.y *o."h.tecrofi reopvecrcofi cpe4ut, qepeAoBaqBneHHoeSopuanuuoe 6utrne' ['lpnueu noA noHt4nueu 6utrns HenpoqBneHHoroh npoqBneHHoro npoqecc/ llaeTcfl ne xercnft npoTtlxeHHUtfieo BpeMeHh hx Apyr B3ailMonpeo6paaoaaHlre HO BeLtHoMTHOBeHHOe nepMaHeHTHOro B Apyra, noAAepxhBaeMoeB cocTonHhH crpeMneHilet{Mnpa K caAhHaMhqecKoropaBHoBechfl MOOCO3HaHhlo.
Bont llePrnnr Cffia'HauePetne'
coeoKynHocrr4c ux$opuaqneil o ee Kaqecre€ HasoBeM "Cnnoh", - ."npaHofi,,l. CoeAn_ nnL4- TpaAhlll4oHHo Helou{afle ce6e KoMneHchpoBaHHbte KaqecrBa Chra e h3Haqa.nbHoM ee cocrorHhl4 HenpoqBneHxoi noreHqrh Qopurpoearuq a6coaprxoX aKTt4BHocrn,a6conrcrxofi uHeprHocrn 14 vlx paBHoBecHoro cocroqHhn _ Asna_ qanbHae Cnna, npoqBneHneroropoil nphBoAhr K OopMhpoBaHhorpex acnerrog C]4nul_ Cuaut raMaca, vnn Crnur nna, Cnnu paAxaca, Ann Cnnsr AHt v1 Chnur e paBHoBecHoM COCTOqHhn caTTBbt. [lpocrpaxcrao npoeBneHHoro Mrpa HaxoAnrcn B HenpepbtBHoMABhxeHhh. hguexenne pacnpeAeneHt,ts 3OH HeoAHOpOAHOCTh npocTpaHcTBaHa3oBeM noToKOM 3Heprrh. [lororc sHeprnn, .,o$opuaeHHoi4,,raruu_ar6o n3 KaqecrB, Ha3oBeM noroKoM Cunat, Ann noroKoM npaHbt. Or4ensxurfi nororc Cnnul KaKoro_lh6o o4Horo H3 AByX ]43Ha'{aIbHbtxKaqecTBCyqecTBOBaTbHe Mo_ xer. Kar rorrbKo oAHopoAHocru He6urrh, HapyulaercR2 rMnynbcoM HaMepeHht coTBopt4Tb npoqBneHHoe,l4sna_ qarbHaq Cuna npoeBnqerce a Sopue 4ayx noroKoB Crlur nporhBonoroxHoro KaqecrBa, Bo3HhKaloult4x ApYr n3 Apyra, Apyr B Apyre pacrBopetot{]4xce il npe_ 6sraaoulnx B cocroqHun AnHanlvecKoro paBHoBecilq. Caua no ce6e l4sFtaL{arrbHas Cnaa xe cyulecrByer. OHa
1 npaxa cnna, sHeprile (caucrcp.). 2 34ecu il Aanee e no4o6Hurx BbtpaxeHhex ilMeercq B 8r4Ay He COOTHO|UeHile Mnpa o6Bo BpeMeHr, a cKopee, hepapxrLte_ Ceoficreo hHTerpanbHoro npocrpaHcrBa ( ' K O e C O O T H O I U e H hMeT H O B e H H O _ n e p M a H e H T H O npoTeKaolrlHx HeoAHopoAHopa3oBblBarua ce6e 3oHbl ArHaMhqecrofi rrpo{€ccoB, nocKonbKy raKoro gBneHAAtxar,nnxefixoe pacBpe_ cru Ha3oBeMl43Haqalunoil axeprneil' Coo6paaHo Mq, Ha rex ypoBHsx 6uttuR, o Koropbrx taAer peqb, nonpocry ycnoanofi MoAenn r1e cyulecTByeT, a B MHOrOMepHbtx cnoeHhto HenponBneHHoroe xauefi npocTpaHcTBaxBpeMeHh 3Heprilh raKxe raqec+eo ,eBo3MOXHOrOBOpl4TbO nrsefiso nocreAoBarenbHoM Ha rpn acneKTa npotlBneHnft coorr o t l . t e H h rS a s n p o q e c c o e . Hehs6exHooKa3b|BaeTcRrpoftcreenxutu.3xeprnrcB
26
77
OrcpAa crorb orpaHhqeHHocrb Qaraauxan o6urqxoro qenoBeKa MHoxecrBom HenpetoxilbD( j OhghqecKHX'h npol+3BoAHblxoT H],fX3aKOHOBB Tpexr{epHoif "Qr3l.rHecKoM" qqlrHcrBeHHolt u3 noAnpoMnpe crpaHcrB npocrpaHcrBa nHTerpanbHoro Mrpa, rAe o6urqxoe qeroBeqecKoe cyqecrBo ce6n oco3Haer _ nycrb e 6onuul4FtcrBecnyL{aeBHe nonHoqeHHo, Ho Bce xe... n orcloAa xe - SaxracrrvecKaq Bo3uoxHocrb nocrl,tr{b opraHh3aqnrc Mrpos4aHnAr nccneAy+ npoqBneune Bollr4 B TpexMepHoMnpocrpaHcrBe @narvecxoro Mnpa, rAe ee MoxHo "pa3noxnru no riono.{KaMo,h3yqan Heh3MeHHbte nposBneHhs ee acneKToBa $opr"reo6terc_ rheHblx3aKoHoB.Hanuexee MHoroMepHutfi r orpaHHLIHoanulnfi cao6ogy Boneh3bsBneHrq rpeMq npocrpaHcrBeHHbtMl4 l43MepeHhsMnH oAHoHanpaBneHxstunmxefi_ HbrM BpeMeHeMdhsnqecrcnft KoHTHHy)rM oKat3brgaeTca, '.Mecro[,' gllfl raKHM o6pasou, orTTHManbHblM nccrreAo_ BaHHr n nsyL4eHUCMexaHh3r,{oaAeficrBng BOnn n npn_ BeAeHhq a 4eicrare HaHepeHnn. l{menno '.3Aecbo Ha_ xoArrcf, "mnQopuaqhoHHbJe Kn)ovtr" K ynpaBneHhp npoqeccoM t(oHrleHTpaqrn oco3HaHus. To, uro Mbl Mo_ xeu oco3Harb 3a nepnoA npe6ulaaxne 34ecb a eopue oco3Hapqilx cyqecTB, BonnouleHHblx B OpraHHqecKUX rerax, Mbt He cyMeeM oco3Harb 6onuure HnrAe. h6o s 6onee MHorouepHbtx npocrpaHcrBax raK Ha3blaaetiibtx "roHKhx" MHpoB pa3Huqa MexAy cao6o4xofi aonei u o6teKrhsxbn4 3aKoHoM B 3Haqnrenuxoi creneHx pag_ MblTa. l-loaromy HayqrTbcs Aaxe rAKhM , npocruu Be_ c B f 3 a H a B H e M B x e c T K r e 3 a K o H b | , . q e T e p M } r H } l p y l o u l H e u{aM, KaK pa3nilt{eH}re MexAy HaMepe}theH h xetI?HH= Bo'|ll opfaHH3aqHto ero MaTepilr' il TeM ileHbuafl Ao'lg eM, 3Mol_lHgilnn qyBcrBaMh, ..TaM,,3Haql4TetbHo cJlox_ Bonr cyqecrB' uoxer 6utru nponBneHa xax cso6oAHaf, riee, qeM "34ecb". noAnpocTpaHcTBe t'lupe oco3HaOU{UXCe6c B AaHHOM
paBHoBecne npofiatlneTcn TOnbKO KaK AUHaM$qecKoe npoTnBononoxHblx Haqar' cocronHue qenocrHoro Mupa florexquanuxoe npocrpaHcrBa r't eAhHaR oAHopoAHac nycrora xe6uruc - rpancQopMupyerce B onnoAorBopqoqero npxHqr4na rBonpoeBneHHoe cocroRHue Au$OepeHqilpoBaHHoro oco3Mupa peHHn BcneAcrBhe Aeficreuc Hal'tepeHun e Aeficrxars ce6n. MexaHu3t'lnpHBeAeHHnHaMepeHiln "Bonefi"' B HenponBneHHot'lBonR nBflqerBt4eHa3oBeM yHl' lBepcanbHblt{3aKoHoM' flpyrux cA eAHHCTBeHHbIM HeKoropafl xer. Kax ronbKo Bo3HuKaer npof,BneHHoe' "cBfl3blBaercR" e o6ue}silaHble 3aKoHbl ero r{acrb Botln Han6onee QyuAaopru*rruunlr u Syxxul4oHupoBannn' OpraxxaaCrpyKrypHOfi MeHranbHbrr"ro6uluu 3aKoHOM Bl'lx3aKOH qllil npocTpaHCTBanpofBfieHHoro Ranfercc pn. FlpocrpaHcrBeHHac crpyKTypa Bc€ro ftpof,BneHHoro - or caublx HeAp Mt4Kpout4paAo Meraauxpeo6pa3Ha YxhaepcyMa Bce opraHn3oBaHo B Oop$oprrpo"axufi B opraHllue'auxpei. 3ro RBcrBeHHonpocrexuaaercn "Qn3uvecroro" MHpa - or 3'leMeHTap3au[11 Marep]tt4 Hblx qacTl4qAO ranaKTt4Kt4 ileTara'|aKTllK' "rpy6blx" ypoBHnx opraHn3aqnn 6utnn Ha 6onee qltcno saxoHog H creneHb ux qacrHocru yBeltrllnBarcTcR.1|eMMeHeeMHoroMepHonoAnpocTpaHcTBo,.{eM6oero nee crpyKryprpoeaxst n @opmanultoQnrcnpoBaHbl ypo"Fpy6ee" eMy qeM coorBercrByroutxfi Sopuaur,rn, cTeneBeHb Marepnn' TeM HeHbuIe B HeH cyqecTByeT aoln qacrb yHuBepcanuxofi refi ceo6o,qbl,TeM 6onuuac
nHTerpanbxoro MuPa'
29
28
HtaeMKoropofi cyu4ecrBo cnoco6xo ocosHaHHo ynpaB_ nerbt To ecrb SaxrruecrchM 3anacoil nuenqericn B ero GoorroueHne.toH|toro'']|..rpy6or0''.CgoooAa pacnopflxeHuh Hanrqnofi axeprnu. l'lpn nepexoAe or "ToHKo. ro" r "rpy6otly" 3HaguTerbHag qacrb gHeprhh "ToHKoro" K eos4eicrann "caopar{uBaercn,, B h3MeHeHHbtecocrofl_ Taopexne pa3BopaqnBaercqor 6onee "rpy6omy". KorAa npeAen AocrurHyr h 3reMeHHl4n. M.arepnh. gto6ur ocyqecrBhrb He3Har.threrbHbte 6onee cQopuupoeana Mnpa Marepht4 h3MeHeHhnpacnperqeneHngMarepvn B ..rpy6oM,,,'Hyx_ TapHat crpyKrypa "rpy6oro" ypoBHn' B KoropoM eule HO hMeTb BO3MOXHOCTb BnoxrTb orpoMHoe Konl4qecTBo Bnnorb Ao caMoro xorq 6ut B oAHoco6crseHxofi aneprrh B n3MeHntolq[e 4eficrann Bonh B Bo3MoxHo npocrpaHcrBeHHoe 6utrne "ToHKoM". Jlra6oc QranrarpannoilroqHocrbro npoh3Becrh HanpaBneHHoM'|rHeftnounoroKeBpeMeHH,npohcxooco3noreHLlh14 pacnpe.qenennofi 143 rcarre-nfi6o MaHhnynrqnn ynpaBne5hn qyxhMh noro_ t4HTerpaLlllg, Ar4T oco3HaHhe'KoronoKanh3OBaHHOe KaMh 3Heprrn. poxAalouafl YpoeeHu ceo6oAbt Bonil r cnoco6xocru HaHhR "rpy6oro" K "ToHKoMy" nyreM BoynpaBnqTb pacnpeAeneHheM 3Heprilh onpeAene]oTce poe pa3BhBaercfl ot co3HaHrq go ece 6oypoBHeM CaMOOCO3HaH[A n cTeneHblo norHoTbt oco3_ nnoueHhn caMopa3Bt4Baloqerocq HAHHOCTh. neeycnox(H'l}oull4xc'lx]4Bb|XMaTephanbHb|xcTpyKTyco3HaHnn'TeM pax" Lleu Bblue ctoxHocrb opraHn3aLlht4 "ToHKoM" nnaHe cyqecrBo cnoco6Ho ce6c ua 6onee xe oco3HaHHblx oco3HaBarbh pa3BhBaru'ButnonHeHhe "ToHKhx" nnaHax no3Borqer "ty-tTl:; Aeficrehil Ha Vorort Ha3oBeM cocroeHile roraauHoi t4HTerphpo_ npotlBneHhn nnrb peopraHl'l3aqhn $yn4auexranbHblx BaHHOCTh caMooco3HaHngt B KOTOpOMqenoBeL{ecKoe "rpy5blx"' M€irephr nnaHoB 6onee cyLqecTBO paBHO norHoLleHHOOCO3HaeT h3MeHeh KoHTponvpy_ o6pasou, BHocn He3HaqrrenbHble iu*rt "ToHKl4x" er Bce ceor npoeBneHVs SarcrhqecKhe Ha Bcex ypoB_ 6olee HnA B npoqeccbl' nponcxoAqqne Ha Hqx 6urrhc nHTerparbnoro Mnpa1. n Qyn4anraHax, MOXHO3Ha'.lhrenbHoCyqecrBeHHee "rpy6blx" nragBneHhq 6oaee Ha MeHTanbHeeBnhqrb "rpy6oe" Her "fiora ecrb ocraHoBKa HeKoHTponnpyeuori AeqTenbHo_ HoB, qeM nocpeAcrBoMnonblroK h3MeHHTb crr4 co3HaHns". fl araHA>+lann,lZora-Cyrpa, HenoCaMa4xh.fla4a, 2 ocyqecrBnqeMble 'Ctassicat nocpeAcrBeHHot.l4sMexexrc, ngp. c "rpy6oe"' TaKxe "orRajayoEa, { !1HcKp: K.flxonca (JohnsC. The cpeAcrBeHHblMBo3Aeilcrener4Ha SYdneY, MZ, t992). "ToHKoM", oAHaKo orpannveHnofi Bone *Aa6ur 3btBatorca" B nocrhqb peanbfiyg t4crl4HHocrb BHyrpb I B3rneHvt __"rpy6oro" caMooco3HaHnt ?rn "orKnhKl4" HenoAKoHcoosrBeHHoro co3HaHhs".'.Tr6ercrasfrora nocrhxeHhgyMa,, o6naAapulero (raruxe). TponbHbt. Crenenu peanunofi cao6oAut "frora ypoBHeMero onpeAeneerct ecrb cnoco6nbcru a6conprxoro ynpbanenns Aen_ cyqecrBa caMOoco3HaHHeM ren bHocrbto .co3HaHuh". flata H4xaau, lZora _Cyrpa, CauaA*yr_ cgo6oAutBonnnKonhqecTBoM3Heprn}l,pacnpeAenel1aga,2 / l'tep.c caHcKp.Eyauuo E. (Bouanchaud'BThe Es_ o,f 1 Texxrxr raKoro BnnAHuATpaArqnoHHo Ha3blBaPTMa:"n.:" ]oqa. Reflectionson the.yoga,sutras of patanjati, Portland' Rudra Press, LggT). i t
,
'
t
-
,
fiora
rHqecKllMl.t.
31
30 '
Qaxrnvecxoro onbffa ocoS'faHHoro ycnoBvrnx qenoBeqecKoro coQyxr
pa3tnqHbtx nflaHax 6rtrnq MuPa. Bpng nn uMeer cMblcn npaKTnKa' BeAyu{ac K cocrocHt4p horn, Ho He hMetou{aqnoA co6ofi crpeMfleHhe ynpaBneHuq HaMepeHheMN BOoBnaAeTb vlcKyccTBOM nef,. CQepa x'l3HeHHblx npotBneHrfi eonnoqeHHblx qefloBeqecKHx €yu{ecTB - norlHroH, Ha KoTopoM t43 BOnnouleHnfl B Bontou{eHne orpa6arulaaercfl 3To l'lcKycypoBeHb crBo. 9em Bblue oco3naHHocrb,' TeM Bblue KaK Bo.llh Ao'cryna K ynpaBrleHtap Crnoft nocpeAcrBoM r,rHcrpyMeHTapeann3aqnil HauepeHhc' Oxora ea Cilj TaKoB AeilcrenrenbHblft anropuTu lt cyulHocrb nofr "npoqeccot'l AyxoBHoro Toro, qro npllHflTo HMeHoBarb paaanTnn"
lreDrefi{ccmn cyrFgTsa {er0B8q8c$or0 clpyltrypa qe3xeprerurrecKofi crpy KTypofi qenose'{€cKoro cy crBa Ha3oBell Harephantnuli Hoclrre'lb acex ero Oymr. qr4oHanbftbtx nPonenenuft
Sxeprerm*ecxas crpyr(rypa n peAcraenner€, qeno_ cTHbtM i4HofoilepHbtM
MynbTInpocTpaHgrBeHHbtr,t
OGpa-
3oBaHfiertf, o6nagapquu cloxxofi crpyrcrypxofi . ra QyHKrluolanutoil opraHn3aqueh u cyqecrByroqlru Bo BpeMeHHbtx n pocTpaHcTBaX, XapaKTeplr3yptqlrxcnMHO_ roHanpaaneHHocTblocnHpanbHo 3aHKHyTbtxnoT€KOB Bper4eHH.[locxonrry KapruHa Mnpa B ocr{oBe npeg_ craBnrer co6ofi en6paqroxxurft npoqecc, cnoco6nocrr BocnphnTr4c,cxopee Bcero, onpeAenrercg cnoco6no_ crbto BocnprHrMaloutr4x opraHoB BxoArrb a au6paqr_ onsurfi pe3oHaHcc noAnexaulhMhBocnpnsrrto o6uex_ raun n Ha ocHoBepe3oHaHcHoro orKnl4KacrporTu o6pa3 BocnpnHl,tMaeMofi peaarxocr[. f]osroMy H€nocp€A: crBeHHoe Bocnphsrhe 3Heprerltr{ecrofi crpyKrypbt B qenoM npeAcraBn9ercnBo3r{oxnbrMr}rulb. npH ycJroBHrl Hannv'nny BocnplrHHuatou{ero:cnoco6nocr}r Bocnp}l}fx_ Marb Bce ee eu6paquoHHueKot.rnoxeHTbt Bc€xypoa+rei pa3MepHOGTH BO ACeXCnolx MyrlbThnpocTpaHcraeuxofi MyrbrhBp€mexuofipearbxocrlt ,: . . Peanuxocrb, rexau{as ),3a, rpaxr.lr.pilfi xercoroporo MHoxeCTBa fipO€TpaHCTB€HHO-Bpeuq#lrbtX nOl.OKOe 6U_
TuA, Ha. Koropbe "HacrpoeHo,, Boenprnrre :A?HHofo .{eIoBeqecKot-o cyulecfBa, oKa3btBaeTcn KOHKpeTHOTO Ane Hero $arrurecxh Hecyu{ecrsylor4efr. B. reryulrafi nepHoA ser,,txofiuc.iopnu Boct-tpltfTre HeKoTOpOTO cpeA_ Hero npeAcraBrTers BHAaHomo sapiens opxeHTupoBaHo Ha pe3oHaHc c 3Hepro_ux$opuaqrtotHbtrf noneil, npeAcraBnRtoulgmfco6ofi ar6paqroxxyto crpyKrypy TpexMepFlofo" r€oilerpu r{ecrorol fl pogr1raflc,TExlTaK Ha_ 3brBaemoro"Qx3uHecxoro,'.Mr,tpa.. no3rouy KaprlrHa Mfpa uHTerpanbHoro noKa. ocraercc 3a npertenailh Bp3lroxHocril nocrr,txenun. OAHaKoB caoefi 3EgJuQqtrx Mbfyxe AocT|/.rnnToro ypoBHe3penocTH,KOrAaHaKOn_
33
32 nphBOAl4TKO BCe 6onee u neHne 3HaqnMblx myraqrafi u Bce 6onee cyulecrBeH6onee MaccoBblMH Bce 6onee a[6paunoxHoro Ahana3oHa HbrMoTKnoHeHhqMrpaHHU "Slt3ilonornqecycnoenofi BocnphcThR or HeKoropofi pa'crrnpeHns' floaropty cperofi nopmul" B cropoHy ero Cno' 6onuue u 6OnUUe rex' KTO .qn Hac HaxoAl4TCR'ece peanbHo"3arrfHyrb 3a rpaHb" o6blKHoeeHFloil co6ex "yBrgerb tlTo-To eule"' Ho cnoco6Hocrblo noflHocrvt 14 Kaprt4Hbl Mnpa n LleHHoro Bocnpnsrhtl ilHTerpanunofi qenoseqecroil 3Heprerhqecroil crpyKcoorBercrBeHHo "3eMHoe" (To o6utqxoe Typbl Bo ecer ee ;;'locrHocrt4 nonpt4Ha.qnexauleeK nnaHerapHoMy ecrb cylrlHOCTHO oBnat{enoBeqecKoe cyu'lecrBo noKa ;;6 ;;"pqhh) Bcrpevarculuecn xe orKroHeHre Aerb He B cocroqHt4n' "HopMsl" eu-1ecnnuKoM peAKt414c'lHllJKoMpa3'lhqHbl' or ycroilurqro6ut MoxHo 6utno roBopl4Tbo KaKnx-nn6o "Bu4eHne" pasHutx npAeft Bblx TeHAeHqutlx' Floerot'ly hx Bocnpt4gThlocoBepueHHo 3aqacTylo npeAcTaBnqeT "napanflenbHof" peanbHocrn' Ecreo6pasut pirnr*"r," "o6puteouHoM" Bocnpt4crBeHHo' BeAb peqb rAer o6 t4HOrAaAaxe npocro ATAV,npnqeM' BnonHe BO3MOXHO' "npoctpaHcrBeHHblx cnoeB" hHTerparbxoft pepa3Hbrx anbHocTl4,EcnnXeyqecTbBo3MoxHblepa3nrqHno6pa14HTenneKTyarbHblx 6a3ut' 3oBarenbHo-rynurypHofi cTaHoBI4TCR HacTpog, cnoco6xocrefi r auotlt4oHanbHoro "BugeHl4e", raaanoct 6ut' oAHoro h roro tl"o, noqeMy "BhAgulue" 3a9acryo onucblBaloT xe flBneHrR pa3Hble pa3nnqHble' BUOTb AO no-pa3HoMy,AaBaRcoBepueHHO HTepnperaqu n' port4BonoroxH blx' 14 AUaMeTpanbHOn npn6opHofi oqeHKl4 BoerqoxxocrtlMvl o6bercrheHofi "TaM"' Mbl noKa He pacnonanpoqeccoB' nporeKaoulhx "TaMoulHqg' peaRunocru MA Hac raeM, nocKonbKy Mut o6lextuBHo He MoxeM $axrnuecril He cyulecrByer'
co3Aarb npi,l6opur h3 Hecylqecreyrculefi Marephh Hecy_ qecraytou-lt4xMMpoB- npr6opur, cnoco6xure perhcr_ phpoBarb qBreHhn h npoqeccbt/ Koropbtx Her, 116oot_ln hMetor Mecro r npoTeKanT B MHOrOMepHbtx npocTpaHcrBax i4 BpeMeHax, He o6lagarcuqvx AnF no.qaBnfllou_lero 6onuurnHcrBa x3 Hac Aaxe yMo3prTenbHbiM6urrileut. Tarrm o6pa:om, noxoxe, qro e.qtaHcreenHulii nyru n p o H t 4 K H o B e H "hTgy . q a "- 3 a r p a H b o r p a H h q e H H o frip e _ M F n p o c r p a H c T B e H H b t qt 4 v lo A H h MB p e M e H H b t M r43Mepe_ - 3TO qeneHanpaBIeHHOepaclu14_ HnflMn peanbHocTt4 peHr4eAilaila3oHa Hauero co6creeHHoroBocnpunrv+ co BceMn BblreKarculvlua4 v1zHero nocneilcrBvlaMr4..ennve_ ro r paspa6arblBanrcn TexHo,rtoriln t4HTerparbHoro r p e H h H r a . E c r e c r e e H H oK , aKN no6ule rexHororhvt v1Hr e r p a n b H b t eT p e H r p o B o r t H b tTee x H o n o r H hn p e T e p n e B a _ loT 3BOnrcUHOHHbte r3MeHeHmgB COOTBeTCTBUI C pa3Bh_ rmeu o6teKTa hx npunoxeHhq - 3Boltoqr,toHt4pytoqero LrenoBeLtecKorocyqecTBa. Bosr'4oxHo,6naro4apq MaccoBoMynprMeHeHrrc B 'renoBettecrBe hHTeFpanbHbtxrpeHhHr_Texnonorrfi B HeKoropoM6y4yqer"r "$rsrvecrcoro,, r,1hpa3Haqhrerb_ Hoe qilcno qenoBevecKhx cyulecrB pa3oBber s ce6e cnoco6socru HenocpeAcrBeHHoBocnphHhMarb ilr.ire_ rparsuurft o6pa: aHeprerhqecxofi crpyKrypbl. O4uaxo iloKa qTo Mbt MoxeM rhtub ot-tl4cbtBaTb ee cTpoeH[e B Bi4AeAocraroilHo ycloBHbtx/ Ho hMeHHo noarouy 6o- tru{e pa3 - noA ..HaMh,,'l noHLtMao Bcex noBTOp}OCb caMbtx o6srqHrrx Ha.c vIHAVBnAoB anga Homo sapiens a H a u e M c p e A H e c r a r r 4 c r H L r e c KC oM O C r O f u n ro 6 u r q s o r o r { e n o B e qecKoro cyu_lecTBa,CyulHocTHo npilHaAJ.lexau.lero 3eMHOMy nnaHerapHoMy noroKy gBol.llot_lt4l4 co3HaHhq. K ronrexau rnm "nloAfnM 3Han,A*", KOTOpbtxno HeBeAeHhp HHorAa hMeHyrcT "BonroqeHHurmr 6 o r a mv " , 3 T o H e o r H o c l , l T c g . Z o-t2r
35
34 "TpexMepHoro" nee-MeHeeAocrynHblx hHTepnperaqHqM Bocnphert4e, tqoAenefi. YcnoeHo no4o6nste MoAenh "TpexMepHble MoxHo paccMarphBarb KaK cBoero po4a "rpexilepxute cpe3bl" MHoroMepHblx eHHq" rlnt ce..f crpyKTyp. Hrxe npeAcraBneH oAt4HH3 Bo3MoxHblx Bao.qnofth3 Bo3MoxllulxuoAeaeft' phaHToBont,tcaHH9 xa6no4arenn, qbe Bocnpnerue 3peHuq C roqrcn o6naAaer ycpeAHeHHblMhxapaKTeprcrllKamn, croilcro6utqnoro qeroBeqecKorocYuleBocnphtlTl4to BeHHbtMh TexHhqecKhMt4 cTBa/ BOOpyxeHHOrocoBpeMeHHblM14 cpeAcrBaMh,'3HeprerhqecKaq crpyKrypa cocToHT v13 - opraHnqecxoi, 3neKTpoMarxrrxofrn Tpex KoMnoHeHT erxpeaoftl. OpraxrvecraR KoMnoHeHTaBocnphHhMaercs KaK "Qr3rvecKhM" BeulecrBoM- HaHTeno, o6paaoaanxoe "nlorHoi" cy6craxqrefi rpexmepHoro "$lt3nvec6onee Koro" Mhpa. 3nerrpomarHHTHae KoMnoHeHTa BocnphHHl"laerctl KaK coBoKynHocrb 3reKTpoMarHHTHblxnonefi H SneKr Boguoxxo, To, qro I B AaHHoMcnyqae Ang ce6q o6o"Bt4xpeBbtft",aHanornqHo roMy, tlro B pcAe 3Haqap repMrHoM ysroqHrkos o6ogxa.aaerccrepMuHoM"ropct4oHtttth!" I npeAnolr4Tato nonb3oBarbcs cBol4M co6cteeHxulM TepMhHoM no roi npnvune, qro onxcHgaeMafl MHoto'KaprHHaHe nBntlercq nepBope3ynbraroM H3yqeHrg HayqHblx rnh KBa3ilHayi'{Hblx "Bl4xy", 3To ("vyrva - He qurarenu")' I rax hcror.rHl4KoB "BhAeHrn"' Xornre pe3ynbrar Moero HenocpeAcrBeHHoro "ceepxuyecrBeHHblMBocnplrgrreM", xorg oFlo tsoHa3oBrre "cBepx",,. Paayueercn, I Bnonfie orAan ce6e orver e Bce He TOM,r{TOMOe BOCnpHCTheHe gBtlnercg 3TanoHoM }4 Moryr cy+ qecrBoqarb Ap)/r[e tsepcul414MoAenH...Mut gce HaxoAt4MctlB nocroqHHoM noucKe, B npeAene npr6nnxanuleM Hac K nopeanbHocrr/ Ho Hl,lKorAaoKoHqarenbHo crrxeHrlo rcrrxxoi K H e M yH e n p r B o A q q e M .
rpr4qecKhxroKoB, nphcylqux opraHhqecxofi rounonen_ re n cyqecrBylol4l4x BHyrpr414s 6nhxHeM npocrpaHcrBe BOKpyrHee. OprannvecKan h 3neKTpoMarHhrHalKoMnoHeHTbl B coBoKynHocru o6pasypr ro, qro npt4Hnro nMeHoBarb "$rsuvecrcnM" TeroM. "(Dt43hqecKoe"Tero - cocraBnstoqac 3Heprer['.{ecrcoftcrpyKTypbt, nphHaA.nexatqac rpexMepHoMynpocrpaHcrBy"$h3nvecroro', Mhpa. Bnxpeean KoMnoHeHTa3Hepreruqecroft crpyKTypbl ecru co6crBeHHo npocrpaHcreo Mrpa - .,pa3ynrorHeHnath" $uznqecrcrfi BaKyyM,crpyKTyphpoaaxnurfi Bhxpeo6pasnurmh HeoAHopoAHocrsMr4,Koropbte MoxHo paccMarphBaru an6o KaK pe3ynbrar cynepno3mqr4r4 Bhxpe_ Bbrx npoh3BoAHbtxcnhHoB BCeX qacThtl, BxoAglqhx B cocraB "Qr3hvecroro rel-la,',nu6o rarc ..npoctpancrBeHnyro" npegnocbtnKy $opurapoeaHhc 3Tt4x vacrrq. TpaAnl_lHoHHo BhxpeBylo KoMnoHeHTy aHeprerltqecrcofi crpyKTypbt nphHRTo hmeHoBarb .,3HepFern'.{ecKt,rM Te_ nov.", .hlt4 "coBoKynHocrblo roHKt4x r€n,,, nocKorlbKy BhxpeBbte nonfl - oTHloAb He eAhHcTBeHHaqee co_ cTaBrrqlo|l.lan. "3HeprernqecKoe reno', uMeer MHoroypoBHeBoe crpoeHhe, o6ycloaneHHoe MHoroypoBHeBofterxpeeoil opraHh3aLlnei paaaepHyroro npocrpaHcrBa npoflBneH_ xoro 6urrnR. He6srrre ne o6naAaer cyqecrBoBaHheM npocrpaHcrea. l-lpocrpaHcrBo KaK TaKoBoe ecrb arph_ 6yr nponerreHHoro6urrrR h hMeer Bhxpb B ocHoBecBo_ eil crpyrcrypxofi opra Hnsa1uvi. TotteqFturfi Buxpb aleuenrapnofi qacrrllbt - nep_ arqxuui roqeqnurfi Bnxpb - reHephpyer BhxpeBoe no_ fle - nepBrqnurfi npocrpaHcreexxurfi BHXpb (cm. pncy_ Hor). 2*
36
37 xax caoeri npoAoflbHofi oclr. Kax4an ro.{Ka ocr,! nepEf14qHoro npocTpaHcTBeHHOTO BrlXpA ecTb roqe,.{xurfi B i l x p b B T o p o r o y p o E H n , K O r O p b r i { , B C B O I OO l t e p e A b , r e _ Hepfipyer eroprvuuril npocrpaHcreeHFtr,rfi sNxpu. Erx_ p e B o e n o r e K a I K A O T On o c n e A y p q e r o y p o B H q r e H e p h p v _ er Ha oAhH ypoBeuu 6onee BbtcoKoe npocrpaHcrBo ro_ q e q H b t x a i l x p e i l , r a x g ; r i t 1 4 3K o r o p b t x r e H e p i l p y e r npo_ cTpaHcTBeHHL,teBnxpv cooTBeTCTByrOUlero14MnopgAKa. O g H o t 4 3 M e p eF i h e K a x A o r o n p o c r p a H c r B a n o c r e , q y l o u l e i - o y p o B l t 9 o p r a H i 4 s a u r { , 4c o B n a A a e T C O A F | n M, 4 3 _ MepeHile14 npocrpaHcrBa npeAblAyulero yp08Hfl, nO_ c K o r t b K y c o s n a A a l o r c c k l r e H e p i l p y t o l q e r o 1 4r e H e p l { p y e _ M O r o n p o c r p a H C T B e H H b i , .B d l . 4 x p e r aO . gHare ABa n3Mepe_ " r.tr,tR, ctiycjt oB"fieH HLt,"l pa3Bopaq tt fi a HtteN,' r.exe plt pyer ' { o i - o n p o c ] ' p s f i c T B e / B K a X . q C i \ 4n c c r e g y i , c r r i e M n p o c r p a H C T " B es B f l F $ r c . f i A c n o f l H n r e f l b H b i M i 4 . T a r N u o 6 p a 3cr'r, KaxAce npocrpaHcrBo 6onee BLtcoKcro ypoBHn opraHr3ailrir
Pncyxox. OqeH; ycnoBHaq rpa$ruecxae Mo.qeflbcoorH O U e H H FM e X A y n e p B t l q H b l MT o q e q H b l MB l 4 x p e Mh r e H e p H n o n e M . B e n n , . l h x aD c r p e m r r c q x 6 e c p y e M b r M1 1 MB H X p e B b t M KOHeqHOCTt4
l-lepenvnutfi npocrpancrdexnutfi Bhxpb, reHephpyeuurir BhxpeM anemeHrapxoft r{acrhlibl/ coAepxnr "BpauleHraenpocrpaHcrBa B qhcroM Bnpe" ,ll4tllb B ToLl-
14Meer Ha ABd fi3MepeHilr 6onuu:e, qeM npeAbtAyulee" Kpor'le roro, Ha KaxAol.l ypoBHe opraHh_ JAqilH hHrerpaflbuor0 npocTpei-tcTba Kax.{bii4 Bnxpb i ' e H e p r i p y e r B H e M A H f i a M i 4 q e c K y i or . t a r p n q y e n 6 p a q x _ oHubtx orpaxei"*1ii, "o'rpaxaflcb', Bo Bcex Bkrxpfix cosa.lt4epF{Oro eMy nFtOCTpaHCTBakt COOTaeTCTBe}.!HO BO B c e x t s H X p e B b i xc r p y K r y p a x B c e x p a 3 e e p H y r h , i x y p o e x e f i ilponnr'teHHoro 6stl-tt,s. Tarnm o6patora, B cAHoM 143 CBOfiX KnloqeBbtx aCneKTOB nNrerpanirHt tft Mhp eCTb 14arphLla B3ahMi{brx orpaxenufi c c } c r a B n f i l o L i . l , 4 xe r o cv6l4xpos, pasBepHyrbtx B npocrpaHcrBax orpaHHqeHi-{oA pa3MepFiocT'4l B npeAex€ cocraBnFnillr,!x i.1r_ire_ rpan bHoe npocTpaHcrBo nposBreH Horo. Kar orMeqeHo Bbltue, BftxpeBble nors He ecrb eAnl.icrBeHHafl cocratsnRioulafi r.ToHKoro,," f-oeoprru o
38 ",{ncro evtxpeaofi" Hnh "a6crpaKTHonpocrpaHcrBeHHofi" "ToHKhx" KoMnoHeHT3HeprerhqecrcoficrpyKnprpoo" n6o ace Typbr qefloBeqecKorocyqecrBa HeKoppeKTxo' crpyKTypoil npooxia obnaganT He ronbKo co6craeHHo 6utrheM e crpaHcrBa/ Ho raKxe BnonHe MarepilanbHstt4 o6pasyn TaM cooTBeTCrBylorur4xrar.l npocTpaHCTBax/ npocTpaHcTBeHHo-3HepreTrqecKhecTpyKTypb|'KoToB MHopult"lcsoilcrBeHHblxapaKTephcrvlKtlh caoficrea' xapaKrephroMepHblx npocTpaHcrBaxSKBI4BafleHTHble c T h K a M r c g o f t c r e a M t . Q n 3 r u e c K h x , , n p o c"9To TpaHcTBeHHoBBepTpexMepHoM' B crpyKTyp 3HeprerilqecKllx rar ToqHo Baepxy'" xy - To 14BHt43y'qro BHt43y To t4 o6naAaer uaccoil xe, KaK nepBhLlHblfiro'{eqHulil anxpu K cnnHy xano oTHOUeHHIo 143apgAOM- BTopHtlHblMH ToqeqpaKrephcrhKaMhSHeprernqecKorococrogHhfl/- "cBoho6naAapr HbreBhxpl46onee BblcoKhxnoptAKoB "ToHK]4Ml4" xapaKTepncrhKaMl4'B Marept'ranbHblMH A,tH" "r4x" MHoroMepHblxnpocrpaHcrBax coorBercrBytotrlhMt4 OueeugHo' Macce h 3aptlAy TpexMepHoroKoHTHHyyMa' "B3mRAa cHn3y" MareMarrllecKoe onficaqro B cnyqae npocTpaHcTBeHHo-3HepreruqecKilx HUe rex KOMnoHeHT "ToHKoil" Matepuefi n grpyKryp, Koropble o6paaoaanbl "ToHK[4t.tH" noflttMl4/AonxHo BblrngAerb HaMHorocnox"$h3hHecKrx" cocraBtglol-ul'tx/ Hee/ qeM onrcaHre hx Mecro 6utrne TaK KaK npocrpaHcrBa/ B Koropblx nmeer "ToHKoFo",o6naAapr KaK MHHI4MyM AByMtl AononHhc rpexMepHblM T e n b H b i M lh43 M e p e H H t M rn o c p a B H e H n n "Qn3lavecrcNM" EcrectaeuHo' To' qro Mbl KoHTl4HyyMoM. "TaM" TaKXe "BpeMeHeM"' "3Aecb" nphBblKtlh[4MeHoBarb "yctpoeHnblM" HecKo'lbKohHa''{e' Moxer oKa3arbcn "ToHKoe" Teno nMeel o6paaoeaHHyloMaKaxAoe cocraBreoreil coorBercrByioLqero eMy npocrpaHcrBa
39 nqoulylo, "BnncaHHylo"B "Qu3[.1ecKoe"Tero, TaK KaK rcax4urX"nepBhHHbtfi"rpexMepHurfiBhxpb coAepx,ir B ce6e anxph Bcex 6olee BbtcoKt4x nopnAKoB. C roqrh 3peHhfl "ra6nn4arenA cHu3y" - h3 ,'SH3nqecKoro" Mnpa rpexMepHoro npocrpaHcraa - ,,Marep u a n b H a RK a p r h H a M n p a " Q o p u a a u H o p a 3 B o p a q h B a e r cfl "cHt43y-BBepx"- or orpaH[LleHHoro "n.rtorHoro', K 6esrpaHnuHoMy"ToHKoMy",OAnaro SarrruecrhM TorrLtKoM K ee QopmnpoBaHho nBrqerce HaMepeHheHenpoeBreHHoro E4rnoro oco3Harb caMoe ce6n, a 4eraxyr4efi cnnoil - Bonq Mrapa- hcroqHhK ceoftcrea 3leprln, 6laro4apn Hannqhrc Koroporo npohcxoAl4T pa3BeprblBaHhe6urrrR npocBneHHoro. BogHhrcaqB HenpocBreHHoM,gHeprnn craHoBt4Tcg reM, 6naroAapn uemy ne6utrne paccnauBaercq a nepB14qHoMBHxpe 6ecroneqso MHoroMepHoro eAnHoro npocrpaHcrBa, "cBepxy BHt43"reHephpyn Bcto qenoltKy npocrpaHcrB Bnnorb 4o uar6onee ^'rpy6oro,' ,t xecrKo opFaHh3oBaHHOrO TpexMepHoro, ts KoTopoM Bo3MOXHO cyqecraoBaHhe He ronbKo erxpeaofi co6creexHo npocrpaHcrBexnorZ opralngaqnn - "ToHKoil Marepvn,,, Ho t4 orHocrTelbHo QnrcmpoaaHHoe BocnphnrreM cyulecrBoaaHhe Marephr "rpy6ofi", h.nh ..$H3nqecKofi,,. floarouy KaxAoe "ToHKoe" Teno gBrIRercR..ynpaBnnlor!hM" Anf cMexHoro c Hnu 6onee "Fpy6oro,, tr onocpe.qoBaHHo'{epe3 Hero - Anq Bcex .'Hhxenexaulhx,, Tefl. f-lpocrpaxcrBeHHo-3HeprerhqecKhe xapaKTephcruln KaxAoro nocneAyrcqero 6onee "rpy6oro,, Tena Moryr 6urru onrcaHbt qepe3 MHoroMepHbte npon3BgAHbte Qynrqnr nepBoro nopsAKa or coorBercrByloqnx npocTpaHcTBeH Ho-3HepreTHqecKhxxapa KTepHCTI4K Tena, Ha oAHHypoBexu 6onee "ToHKoro". CMurcl cyu{ecrBoBaHmffnporBreHHoro 6urrrg cocrorT B peanh3aqur4 npoqecca caMooco3HaHhcMrapa a
4ri
40 caMoM ce6e, flocpeAcrsom Te'{eHHg 6slrrq noreHllntl oco3HaHHF rpaxc$opr.'r14pyercsa co6craenno caMooco3HaHhe. "ynflorneHHF" ntlaHoB Crqutcl nocneAoBarenbHoro nporBfieHHoro 6utrrs Bnrorb Ao npocrpaHcrBeHHo "St43hqecKoro" Mtapa cocrol4T na N6onee orpa Hilr.leHuoro ".BblAefieHhN" B fi3on!,tpoBaHHoM QarctopoB h 3aKoHoB "o.tt4croM B cocrogHl'4AtHavlTo ecrb Bnge", oco3HaHhttB B3at4M0MHOrOMepHblx MeHeenoABepxeHHoMBtlhgH14to orpaceqgefi. Or"crcAacrpeMneHneMl'lpa MaKcHManbHo Hr{qHTbsosAeticlshe ceo6oAnofi aonN Ha xoA npollec"cR93blBaH|/lfl" coB TpaHcsoprqaqnraoco3HaHHflnyreM KaK F4oxFto6onuu:efi ee qacrh B xecrKre o6t'errrauute e c r e c r B e H H b t e3 a K o H b l - S r s n ' r e c r u e , x h M N q e c K k i e / 6no$nsnvecKhe, 6roxrmrqecKt.le' nc14xonorH\'{ecKile/ couno-ncnxoflorHqecKt{e,col-lHororhqecKilen r'n', AeTepMhHvlpyloqHe xoA ecTecTBeHHbtxt4 col-lhanbHblx Hhxe pa3MepHocrbnpocrpaHcrBa/TeM npoueccoB.uieN4 e 6onsulefi creneHn eonn Mrpa B HeM cBR3aHae o6teKTrBHbrx3aKoHax r reM MeHbuja9ee qacrb npogBn9ercfi B $oplae ceo6oAFloft Bonr oco3Hanu-Il4xce6s e 3TeM npocrpaHcrtse cyqecrB. Han6onee AocrynHble o6rrqcHeHhq3aKoHOB- npfiMepbl npoflBBocnp)lrnTilto reHHfi rx Aeficrans. 3nanne SreMeHToBh noHilMaHl4e Hau6onee npqMbtx h HenocpeAcrBeHHblxnyreti hx eeaNmogeilcrBun orKpblBaer rqocryn K oco3HaHhto crogLrl14x3a 3TnM esai4MoAeilcTBreMMHOrOMepHblx "ToHKJ4x"saan 14ocgggeft .
[oruanne CoorxorueHNeMexAY 3HeprernqecxoilcrpyxryPoti il BonnolqeHHbtMe Fteft c o 3 H a H h e M M o x H o y c n o B H o
npoilnnpcTprlpoBarb Ha npHMepe coorHouteHhq MexAy K o M n b p r e p o M h e r o n p o r p a M M H b t Mo 6 e c n e q e n h e M t . 3neprerrvecKafl crpyKrypa 3To "xere3o,,, co3Ha"xene3e" "coSr", Hhe Bonnou{eHnutfia To ecrb npor p a M M H o eo 6 e c n e q e n N e . , Q y x( 1 4 H r e r p a n u n u rvf tn l r e e p calsuurfi Paeyr"rKaK noreHLluanbHaepa3yMHocrb npoLleccaBcenexsoi) - "norb3oBarenb" -- Tor, true $yr-rrcqr,roHrpoBaHhecrot4T sa pa6oroti sroro "KoMnneKcao.. Ypoaeiru oco3HaHHocrtt- creneHb cnoco6xocrr4 qenoBeKa oco3HaBarbB cBotlx nponBneHilnxeynrcqr,roHLtpoBaHhe Ayxa, oco3HaBaru ce6q KaK "noflb3oBarern', tr oco3HaHHo yn paBnrrrb $yH xqlronHpoBaHileM KoMnreKca "3Heprerh.lecKaq crpyKTypa-co3HaHHe". Llem 6onee "ToHKi4M" gBnqercg ycrpoficreo fi opraHilc.noxHblM!4 3aqhs 3Heprerhqecroft crpyKrypbt, reM 6onee coBep[ueHHoeco3HaHheMoxer 6urru a Hefi eonrolqeHo a4coorBercrBeHno reM ,6onee BbtcoKoro ypoBHq $yxrcqr,rn Moryr 6urru peann3oBaHbi . h reu 6olee cepbe3HblMr,r t4 pa3pyruilTerbHbtMt4 qpeBarbt "c6oh', h nocneAcrBmqMl4 or-r.rr,16ro,r. Pagahrhe aHeprerhqecrcofi crpyKTypbt h co3HaHaln o6ecne,.{heaerct rofibKo 3a c.{er .,TpeHhpoBKt4 xl43Hb[o", To ecrb 3a cL{er HaKonreHtffl onbtra OynrqHoHhpoBaHtAt Unlt xl43HeHHOrO OnbtTa,B nocneAoBa_ rerbHbtx BonnouleHrnx. [lparrnKa chcreM hHTerpanb_ Horo rpeHhHra Moxer cyulecrBeHHo l4HTeFtcn$r,rrlrapo_ Barb npollecc npro6pereHhq 3Toro onbtra, nocKoltbKy Be,qeTK cyqecTBeHHOMypacuhpeHhio Ailana3oHa BOC_ nqnqrvn. ' fioMHF, ecrecrBeHHo, o roM, rlro t4nnpcrpaqnl Kacaercq ronbKo HeKoero o6ulero opraHh3aqiloHHot-o npuHunna h o r H o . q b H e n p e A n o n a r a e r c y q e c r B o B a H h f lx a x r x _ l 1 6 o S y x x _ q i l o H a n b H b t xn a p a n n e n e i .
43
42
cncre],la npal,tlaHparblan [rcrenaHQAn, Aecf,Tb "BhAertAe"r 3Heprerrqecrofi crpyKhxrerpanuHoe rypbr npeAcraBnceT Bocnphert4lo o6paa BnoxeHHblx Apyr B Apyra nfiqeo6paaHbtxKoKoHoB,BHeuHe HanoMhHatoqnx chnbHo cxarble K Bepr%Kanunoiloctt ropohAanbHbrerela, o6paaoaaHHbleMHoxecrBoM o6naAaloulhx cnoxxoil npocrpaHcreexxoil opraxhsaqheil cnhpanbHo crpynu{hxcR nna3Mono4o6nutx cBeroBblx "KoKoHbl"hMeHyPT"ToHKHMI4" 3Th xnrefi. TpaAraqnoHHo "060rt0.{KaMn" vnn "KoluaMh"2. KaxAoe TeflaMH, "ToHKoe" Teno coorHeceHo c onpeAereHHblM nnaHoM 6urrnc B npocrpaHcrBe, o6naAapulem coorBercrByto1'l BpeMeHHblx npOCTpaHCTBeHHblX l4l4Ml4KOnhqeCTBaMh nsuepeHnfi| vt cneAoBarenbHo,c BonnoqeHHblMh Ha AaHHoMypoBHe oprdnnaaur4t43HepretuqecrcofrcrpyKTypbr acneKTaMHco3Haxtan,o6ecneqhBanlqhMh onpeAenex*rrfi ypoBeHb caMooco3HaHAAn oco3HaHhflcoorBercrByrorqr4x 3ToMy ypoBHto crpyKTypHblx ra $yxrqraoHanbHbrxacneKToBopraHh3al-lnu 6anun 14HTerparbHoro Mrapa. "BrAeHhe" 3HeprerhqecKofi crpyrhHrerpanuHoe Typbr KaK qenocrHoro c rot{Kt4 3peHnq Bocnphtlrl4tl, "Qn3nvecKoro" 3aMKHyroroB TpexMepHoMKoHTl4HyyMe h BHeBpeMennoil MvrpaRBnRercnBHenpocrpaHcreeHHoft' orAenbHoro qecrpyKrypa 3neprernqecKac Syxrqrefi. npn 3ToM h3otsocnph.HilMaeTcfl noBeqecKoro cyqecTBa "oAt4HoKoB3BeuJenHoi"B nhpoBaHHo, 6ygyun xarc 6ut I floA 'tBl44eHHeil" nosnMaetcc cnoco6Ftocrb HenocpeA"ToH Kl,tx" Koil noHeHT axeprernlecroi creeHHoro Bocnpt,tflT]4c crpyKrypbr (cm. pa6orcr K.Kacrane4u, T.Mapeaa, M.9na). 2 Kor.ra - KoKoH (caucxp.). ,
6ecxoneqnocrl4Toro, qro MoxHo 6urno 6ut o6pasxo yc,toBHo Ha3Barb "3Heprerhqecroft Bcenenxofi,,. OnnoBpeMeHHoerHTerpanbHoe "Bh4eHhe" 4Byx qenoBeqeCKHXcyqecrB BpnA ,lh Bo3Moxxot. 4an oAHoBpeMeHHoro "ToHKoFo" Bocnphgrhq caMt4x aHeprernLtecKHX crpyKTyp AByx h 6onee qenoBeqecKrx cyu{ecrB 14 t4x asanmo4e[crlvie I QorycrpoaKa Hacrpofrrcn eocnp usinn AonxHa 6srrs cuer4eHa Ha ypoBeHb oAnoi h3 "ToHKhx,' rovnonenr. B TaKoM cnyr{ae npn 4ocrarovnoi. ".lacrorHoh" u-:vpnHeAhana3oHa Bocnphqr!4q H AocraTor{HoMAnA peann3aqhh "ToHKoro" BocnphqrhF n vHTepnpeTaLlvv ero pe3ynbTaToB KOIHL|eCTBe gHeprn[ B 3Heprerhqecxofi crpyKType "Bhgglqero,, Bo3MoxHo Bocnptl'ATne6olee qeM oAHoro ypoBHn opraHn3aqh[ 3HeprerhLfecKoft crpyrrypur 6onee \.{eM o4Horo nHAuBuAyanbHoro cyqecTBa. Ann npaKTnqecKoro ocyu{ecrBneHhfl TaKoro HecKonbKo"orpaHugeHHoro"BaphaHTa"Bh4eHhn,,B Kaqecree o6beKTa rcxoAxofi xoxqeHTpaqxm BHnMaHHT.'Bt4"o6beu" Agu{ero" arr6rpaercn aHepretrqecxofi crpyK"BnoxeHHbtil" Typbf, I TpexMepHbrfi o6ueu opraH[.{ecKoro rena, c nocneAoBarenbHbtM ..yxo4oM,, KoHqeH_ Tpaqnu BHl,tilaHrg "Brny6b", To ecrb pacurpeHheu "HactpofiKu" "B Ahana3oHa HanpaBneHnyl,,Bce 6onee r "ToHKl'.tx" 6onee KoMnoHeHT3Heprerhqecrof, crpyKTypbr. "To HKhe" cocra Brc ]olqhe 3Heprerh r{ecroil crpyKrypbr npr 3ToM MOryT BOCnphHHMaTbCs KaK rhraHTcKne crycrKr4 3HeprerilqecKhx noneil, pacnpeAeneHHbte B npocrpaHcrae 6esrpaxh,lxofi Bceaenxofi H opraHh3o_ BaHHbleB BlrAe BnoxeHHbtx Apyr B Apyra orpoMHbtx "MHorocloilHbtx" KoHycon04o6xutx cnhpanbHbtx B14xpefi, o6paqeHHbtx BepulhHaMn BHn3t a ocHoBaHnnnvl ' Cru.pa6orsrK.KacraHeAsr.
44
45
yxoAerrtux e 6ecrconeqHocrta onepxyt. Ecnn paccMarphcyqecrB cpa3y, 3To BblBaTb HecKonbKoLreroBe'-{ecKHX qBrtlorcfl HeKi4MeAl4HblM BCe OHn T''AAATTaK, CJ]OBHO " hMemU.lhMHeCyU.{eCTBOM/ rhraHTcKrlMKOCMnqecKHM "To*{eKBb,rxo4a"rrh roqeK KacaHhq noBepxcKorbKo Hocrh nraHerbt -' HecKonbKoopraHnqecKnxten'. Pag"nngilBtt4yanbHbtMt4cocraBrtllot4v1qt4" nhLthe xe MexAy "egnHoro cyi{ecrBa" - TonbKo a nx an6paLlNoFt3Toro Hbix xapaKrepilcruKax3.[-'loxpafiueft t{epe, TaK 3To Moxer Bbrrnnlqerbnph nonbrrKerpexMepHoft nnrepnperaKaprhHbr. Beponruee Bcero, B L\v1kBocnpHH14Maeuofi npeAene TaK oHo H ecTb/ oAHaKo npeAen HeKOTOpOM 6o.nee 3Tor, cKopee Bcero/ oKa3btBaercn3HaL{t4TenbHo "4arbHi4t'1",ueM Moxer noKa3arbcn Ha nepBirtii esrnqA. "co6cteeHF{o He cneAyer sa6srearb o MHoroMepHocrt4 "orKyt4 BpeMeHHbtx ilpocrpaHcrB, npocrpaHcrBeHHbrx" "noBepxHocrHoM B3r,nflge"' Aa Mbr po4oM". Tor- HTo nph "$nsnuecroro" luilpa Moxe.TnoKa3arbr43TpexMepHoro "e4hHblMKccMNqecKnM cylqecrBotut",a 4eficrarrenucfl HOCTnhMeeT OqeHb CnOXHyloMHorocryneHqarylo ilepapxhqecKylo crpyKTypy, KaxAath vig ypoexeft roropofi cpyurcquoo6pa:osa++ MHoxecrBoM i4HAt4Br4AyanbHbrx "To..tK14 BbtxoHaJIbHbrxeyu.lecrB/ MorylLiHXHMerb caot4 "$n3nuecKoM" B npocrpaHcrBo npoflBneHHoro B Aa" MbrreM He MeHeeMoMrrpe.floerouy, 6y4yvlr Egr,rHsim, 1 'tt{eroaer
r m r a H T C K o eK o c M h q e c K o e c y u e c r B o " (T. tr{apea). ' noxoxe Ha ro, qro Bce rqur- OAHO. 3 t 5 u r c K a s a f i" . r a c r o r H b r x " ,e c n n 6 u r p e q u u n a o 6 a n e r "npocTpaHcTBeHT p c M a r H h T H b rnx p o l l e c c a x / o A H a K o B c i l n y "tau" "3Ae[!Hocrn" BpeMeHh to coorHoueHhe, Koropoe B a aKqacs e m " n u x e r i H o Mn o r o K e B p e M e H t rl 4 H T e p n p e r u p y e r c K Tora, BbtrficAt4T,McrKo roBopt/ HecKonbKo 6onee 3aMbtcnoBATO.
xeu ficroKaMl,1Tex "Ht4cxognu1t4x"I "$il:rr{ecKv,tfi,, Mvlp noroKoB, "TorlKaMh Bbtxoga" Koropblx tBnRrcTcq Hauil BOnIOi.rleHHbte B opraH!4qecKHx TeIaX IhLIHOCTH, nMeTb c a M b r e p a 3 h i b i eC y u l n c c r n , n p h H a A n e x a q h e K c a m b t M " " "cnot "1 1,,1 14xrerpan uHoro lvlrapa. Iia3Hblf,t MecraM H "Ht4cxo49igl4x" I-oeopn o o "SH3huecKvth"Flhp noroKax, fi xMerc a BVAy cfleAyloulee. flpr BeprnKanbHoM nonoxeHhfl Tera orHochrerbHo noBepxHocrn 3emnr ocl4 KoHycoB coBFa.qalroT !! o6pa:yrcr HhcxoAfulnh nz "citepxy" "Tpy6Konogo6xtti,t', 6ecKcHe.{Hecrt4 cnltpanursrft nororc, Crenrclr:rofi "rpy5Kvt" - /lea cnHpaneBilAHbix noroKa 3Heprr4H/crpyluleftct "BHyr3,,t,i3 EecKo_ HeqHocrh (ogrH noror) H "BBepx,,B Eecroxeqnocru (sropoii noroi<) h y noaepx!.iocrLt3elrlr "cBopaurBai,Ji-iieficfl"B Tc/ q'i-c Ha 6o.nee rpy6urx ypoBHq;{ BocnpHsTnq hHTepnpeTrlpyeTcnKaK TeIO LteroBeltecKorocy_ u-lecrBa. l-lpex4e HeM "pa3BepHyrbcfl,, a $opl,ty rera, 3Heprhn HaKannr{BaercnBoKpyr cauorl xrxneft ToqKh Hr4cxoAeu{ero/eocxoAnqeronoroKa (aepul,iHur caMoro HhxHero rcouyca) a Qopr,re cBhroro cnilpanbHo cKpy_ qennopi nna3Mono,qo6nofiHr,rrbtonfiqeo6paaHoro yron_ u1eH14F2, nnorHocrb pacnpeAeneHHqaHeprnn B KoropoM 3HaLtrTerbHoBbttue/qeM B HllCXOAflll{eM h BocxoAgllleM -1 - J- A e c b o K a 3 b t B a e r c n3 a r p o H y r o i n p a r c r u v e c K n H e h c _ L r e p n a e M a sr e M a , K o r o p a f l A n f r 6 o n e e - m e s e eA e r a n b H c f i n p o _ paborxr AonxHa craru o6r"eKToMorAenbHoro ocHoBareribHor o N c c r e A o a a H h . qn, p h q e f v / B e p o g r H e eB c e r o , g e o . q x o r o . l l o _ Oe T O A H L t e C KH 3 T O r . 4By o r p a H , 4 q e H H O L Mt r 4 C TM hM anpaBneHheM o 6 : o p H o t ' l o q e p K e , n o c B g u _ { e H H ot M 4 c K n t o v n r e n b H .o' e r , r s x y n u _ r y p H o M y " a c n e K T y n p a K T h K t 4o c H o B x a r x a - r i o r u , 3 T y r e M y n y q u e o c r a B t 4 T bH a c a u o i x a q a n u H o f i c r a 1 l v l p a e p a 6 o r r n , r o e c T b B B h A e K p a T K O TyOn o M i l H a H i l ' l . 2 Beponrnee Bcero, gro - To, Ltro e tpapnqr,tn i,toru nphHqro o6oguaqars repMrHoM "rau4a,,, r.tro B nepegoAe c ca HcKphra 6y;xearis u o 03HaLtaer..rcopeHu,,,'.nyKoBt4 Lla,,.
46 noroKax, a cKopocrb noroKa - Hhxe. 3ro eutmqghr HhcxoA9l{ero noToKa aKKyMynhTaK, CflOBHO.SHepFnR "KaH4oh", vI TaM pyerct B groM yronqeHh!4, nMeHyeMoM "3anacaercfl". lAz KaHAbl' KaK 6ut "npon3pacrator" "Tpert4.tHble"h raK "BTopH9Hbre", Aanee nororn, $op"ToHKy}oocHoBy""Qn3nvecroro" tenal' Bce M14pylolt.1he oHH 3aMKHyrblHa KaHAy noAo6no roMy, KaK BblrtlHyran ra xay6ra Hnrn nerlfl HaqhHaercl A 3aKaHqhBaercqB "3HeprernLlecKafl ocHoBa" rcny6re. Tarnm o6paaom, "$tt3r9ecroro" Tera "BHeulHe" HanoMhHaet"ynopn4oqeHHylo nyrannqy" BonoKHoo6paanutxnoroKoB 3Hepo6osHatlaeMblxreprnn, unn KaHanoB,TpaAhLlt4oHHo "Hagh"2. Ceru naAn flBnqercn roil ocHoeofi, rcoMr4HoM Topan B npoLlecce pa3Bhrnq qenoBeLtecrofi 3HeprernqecrcoftcrpyKrypbt xar 6ut "o6pactaer" 3HeprerhqecKhM norreM, pacnpeAeneHhe KoToporo ynpaBrceTcn npoqeccaMH, npohcreKapu-tnMt4B cucreMe HaAla.B fiorht{ecroil "BTOph,.tHOe" no OTHOtlleHT]oK cl4cTeMe TpaAhql,th 3TO "aHyrpexxhM 3HeprerhHaAh none, hMeHyeMoeraKxe qecrchM Te.noM", o6paaxo onhcbtBaercn nocpeAcrBoM KoHqenqn[ Aecsrt4 npaH :- AecffTl4pa3r]4qHblx no cBot fl ne Bhxy Bo3MoxHocrt4 onucarb Bcearo ilHaqe KaKc "accol-lnarilenutxo6pa3oB",no3eonflloull4x noMorqbloHeKr4x cnoco6oia"rpexuepno xors 6ur KaKrM-Tonpu6nulurenbHbtM ". " " HHTepn '2 perhpoBarb" Bh4l,tMbte" Kaprh HK14 Haau'- rpy6xa, xrna/ sexa (caxcxp.). YnounHaeMoe "ToHKl4x"KaHanoBTena pa3nhqHo. B TeKcraxo6ulee qucllo gaqe ecero roBopcr o 72000 HaAh, xorc "tllrea-CaMxuta" "B lene - rprcra nerbAecer Aaer Apyroe qhcno - 350000. nxub qerblpTblcqquaqn. Vlz xrx oco6oe 3HaqeHhehMerclT HaAqarb...Vlz unx nqa, nvHrana h cyutyMHa- BaxHefrutue. Cauasxe autcoqafiuae- cytuyMHa. Aee npyrue noAqhHeHbl' fioxoxr,r Ha roHKHeHncxoAnqile BonoKHanoroca. flpeAcraenqlor co6ofi Conxqe, Ilysy n Oroxs...' ("UJnBa-camxvra", 2.73-2.L7).
47 hM QyxxqronarbHbtM npoqBfieHhlM i4,rroKanH3aqtail KoMnoHeHT"3Qr,rpHoroA\6nn" - caMoro ..Tpy6o!-o,,,To ecrb caMoro "6nnxHero" K opraHnLtecKoMy reny H3 Bcex "ToHKhx rer", Ha e$npxou 4y6ne "co6paHo" Srasruecroe re.no, cyqecrByloqee t4 pa3BnBapqeecR 6laroiqapq nocryn* neHnpton accvvnnnLlhh eqe 6olee ..rpy6oil,,3Heprril H nracrhqecKoro Marepnana (nrranne r AbtxaHre). Co_ orHolleHne MexAy crcreuofr HaAn n Aecrrbto npaHaMH MoxHo npr6nrxeFtHo npornnncrphpoBarb Ha nphMepe coorHolxeHhfl MexAy KoMnreKcoM ,.cKe.nernnrcc HepB_ Haq cilcreMa" v1ocranunofi opranNqecroft nfiorbto: ceTb HaAh - "cKener n HepBHaFcrcreMa,, gHeprerhqecKoro Tera, sonsr QyHKr_lhoHr4poBaHhs AecRTl4npaHl - ero "rcnorHnrel]bHbte rKaH!4". Crcreua Ha.qh npeAcraBnfler co6ofi AoBolbHo cnoxHo opraHh3oBaHHyrocerb HuTeo6paaHurxnoroKoB 1 "npaHa, a n a H a , c a M a H a ,y A a H a / B b q H a , H a r a , K y p M a , KphKapa, A3BaAaTTa,AXaHaHbAXaq- TaKOBbtAecqTb npaH. Vg uux nepBbte nqrb - rnaBHbte. l-1paxah anaHa - BbtcL[he. flpaxa - B rpyqnt TaM, rAe cepAqe. Anana - BHH3y,r4e io_ xr. Cauaxa - Ha ypoBHe nynKa, yAaHa - B ropne, BbrHa xe nponxrbtBaer co6oro Bce reno r Be3Ae reqer. Ocranoxure nrTb orBeqaloT 3a oTpb{xKy, oltlyu{eHHe ronoAa, oqyqeHhe xaxAbl, 3eBaHne A .4
4B c 6onuu.tnu KonhLlecrBoM y3noB' KaxAstfi areprnnl qeHrp' Koy3en $yHrcqraoHanuHutit3Heprernqecxmil p e r y x ilpyloutl4M p o A a u n l o 3 o M , ropsrfi RBn*erce cBoero nocTynneHhe H CKopocrb nepepacnpeAereHhtl 3Heprhh B H e K o T o p o M M H O X e C T B eO n p e A e n e H H b l x y q a c T K o B K a HanoB-HaAh. [losromy rpaAuLll4ol'lHoe Ha3BaHne sTnx "Bpara" MapMa. Or toro, Hay 3 n o B b r x L l e H T p o BcKoribKo KoppeKTHo $ynrcqnoui4pylor MapMbl, 3aBmcilT xapaKTep pacnpeAeneHHq 3Heprervll{ecKhx noToKoB B -- To, HaKaHarax-HaAVt a or Hero/ B cBohc oqepeAb c K p n b K o n o n H o q e H H u t t u6 y g e r S y n r L l r o i r x p o B a H h e A e CATV npaH. Hy, a pacnpeger'leHile AecFrl4 npaH yxe K cocrotlH14to npf Moe orHoueHl4e Hl"reer caMoe "Sh3hvecKoro" Tena, ) Hacro MapMbl nyraor c qaKpaMh ,4 rpaHTXr{', YrB e p x A a g / L l r o t { a K p r r p a H T X l 4- M H O T O ,q T O O H l 4 M o r y r H a x o A m T b c qB n l o 5 o f i q a c r t l r e t l a h r . n . 3 l o - o u l n E r c a ' l-paHrxn - !3floBbte roqKh raurep$epeHqHh Bcex KoMl T p y K T y p h , i ,L l a K p b i - 3 H e p r e n O H e H l ' 3 H e p r e T l 4 t ' t e c K O tC "npoh3pacratoulhe" h 3 r p a H T X t l, 0 6 THLtecKile Bvlxpvr, " c K B o 3 t ' t b t M "c y u l e c t B o B a H i l e M B o B c e x n p o naAaloulre cTpaHcrBax, rAe npeAcTaBtieHa 9HepreThqecKaF crpyKcoTypa qenoBeL{ecKol-ocyu{ecTBa, h onpeAenf|oqhe g H e p r e r h q e c r c o i l n H T e r p a n b F {oK a K c r p y K r y p b l crosFrhe l " l a pro MynbrnnpocrpaHcrBeHHoro SopunpoeaHvle. "uJFtlo3bt" 3HacrcreMut HaAh 3HeprerhvecKhe tqbr "nphBgqr4TerbHo 6onee "roKarbHbte" o6pa3oBaHhqr 3aHHbre" Jir4tub K oAHoMy A3 ypoexefi opraHh3allhl4 3Heprerrqecxofi crpyKTypbt h orBeqaioluhe HenocpeAC T B e H H O3 a p a c n p e A e n e H H e 3 H e p r i l h B c o o T B e T c r B y l o t P e q u i l A e r r o . n b K on h u b o r o M , o r o M , K a K 3 T O B O C n p r "BilAeHiltt". npqMoro H h M a e T c Fn o c p e A c T B o M 2 l-paHrxr - y3en (cancxP.).
49 uleiZ rcomnoF{eHTe 3Hepreruqecxoft crpyKTypbt/ a ono- 3a pacnpe4eneHne 3Heprrh e 6oree cpe.qoBaHHo " rpy6brx" KoMnoHeHTax. Co6craeHHo xe qaKpanbHyro ct4creMy a o6uylx cnoBax MoxHo Sslnc 6ur onucarb np[MepHo cfleAyio14r,il,r o6pasou. "Cepgqesnna" tpapvlql,ioHHorueHyeuofi "cyu.tyM" "Tpy6KH" riofi oceBoro HhcxoAfiulero/nocxoAqu{ero norora "cpegHecrari,tcryi.lecKoro" (no nonoxeHho Ha Hac r o n u - 1 r iM l o M e H r3 B o n r c u M o H H o rpoa a a n r r n ) q e n o B e v e cKoro cytqecrBa nycra 11MeprBa, e xefi Fier HhKaKoro A B f i i K e H H q 3 H e p F i l h , O A H a K O L I M e H H O3 A e C b r | O K a I i / 3 O "To,{Kt4 tsaHbi KoHBepreHqru" "ToHK14x" KoMnoHeHT 3HeprerrL{eexofr crpyKTypbl Beplxt4}lbt rhraHTcKhx "H14cxoggu1r4x" KoHycoB, t4MeHyeMbte "y3raM14", nnn "rpaHTXt4". Kaxgurfi y3en rpaHTXH - ToqKa Ha 3Hepreruqecrcofi octA qeroBeqecKoFo cyu_{ecrBa B npeAenax "Qr3l't.lecKoro" o6rerqa ero Tera, B Koropyto "cxo4hrce" npocrpaHcrBeHF{aq crpyKrypa coorBercrByroulero "ToHKoro" Tera. Ha HutxeulHeM 3Tane cBoero 3BonloLll4oHHoro pa3BLlTus o6urqHoe qenoBeLtecKoe cyulecrBo n o r e H q h a n b H o r M e e r c e M b r H A [ 4 B H A y a n b H b t x" T o H K l 4 x , , Terl h coorBercrBeHHo ceMb y3noBbrx roqeK hx KoHBepreHL$4h B TpexMepHoM npocTpaHcTBe - CeMb rpaHTXh. I - l o 4 n o r e H L l h a . r t b H b t MH a r H q f i e M c e M i l " T o l - t K h x " T e n q noHilMarc cyu{ecrBoBaHHe npocrpaHcrBeHuoil npe4nocbrrKr4 HaKonneHhg coorBercrByrotlhM o6paaou crpyKTyphpoBaHHoE aHeprun. To ecrb npocrpaHcrBo yxe o6naAaer opraHH3allnefi, neo6xo4nuofi Ane roro, qro6ur e ' Or4enuxal HerlcqepnaeMas reMa He Ann etoit KHvjrv. H a n p r n e p , x l 4 B o r H b t eo r n h q a o r c q o r L t e r o B e K ar e M , . t r o o 6 na.qahfTnHu b AByM9 VlHAtABnAyat r43l4poBaHH btMt4TenaMr _ " ' r p y 6 u r m ""roHrrM,, oAHHM 30hp$ N : n . i e c K i l M 1 4o A H H m H u r w .B c e 6 o n e e " e u r c o r n e " K o M n o H e H T b- r o 6 u q e a u A o B b t e .
51
50 HeM CyqecrBo8ala coorBercrByrou{as crpyKTypa pacnpeAeneHnn3Heprhh. 3ro no4o6no rouy, KaK cyu{ecrBOBaHheraMnoLtKl4eule He ecTb cBeT,AIq ocBeuleH,rR KoMHarbrHyxHo, qroEut no cnhpanr BHyrph naMno..rKr4 noreK rorc. B ro xe BpeMq/ecnh ecrb caMa naMnoqKa, BblKtltOqaTenb I,1npOBOAKa, nOAKtllOqeHHag K tlCTOtlHl'tKy 3neKTponnTaHnq, To Anfl ocBeuleHhg noMeqeHhq HyxHO npocTo 3HaTb/ rAe Haxo{"t4Tc9 BbtKrltoqaTelb [4 KaK r4MHyxHo nonb3oBarucn. Hy, h ecrecrBeHHo/ He noneHhTbcg 3TOCAenarb...
filn roro qro6ur HanonHhrbaxeprneil npocrpaHcrBeHHbre crpyKTypbl "6onbuJt4x ruxpeil" ToHKhx renl HyxHo 3acraBhrb noroK 3Heprrh "BofiTil" a "mepteyrc 3oHy" BHyrpH }Tpy6Kh", o6paaoeaHHoft HHcxoAflulhl4/aocxoAnug4MrnaBHbtMcnhpanbHbrMnoroKoM. 146o TonbKo oryAa 3Heprhn -Moxer "BofiTr" B rpaHTXt4 n pacnpeAenhrbcfl no BceMy o6temy coorBercrBylou{ero Tena. TOHKOTO FlorcaqenoBeK QyHrqraonupyer B pexhMe/ npm KoTOpOMBCRHanhrrHaCsHeprHF pacxoAyeTcn Ha noAAepxaHne $nauonorrqecKnx n ncnxt4qecKhx npoqeccoa xH3HeAeFTerbHocr]41, HH o KaKoM "BXoxAeHHHH B MeprByro 3oHy" He Moxer 6urru r peqn. 14ronuxo npn ycnoB|/.n HanHqnq B cHcTeMe3HaqnTenbHoroKonmqecTsa rg6srrovnofi axeprilh MoxHo "BbtrnHyrb" n3 rcny6rca '3acraBhrb "AononHhrenbHyto KaHAbr nerrlo" h noroK arofi nernh rer{b BBepx no nycrofi cepAqeBrHe qeHTpanbHoro "KaHafla", no nyrh cK.Bo3bcoorBercrBytol{t4e rpaHTXh nocneAoBareflbHonpoHuKan B "ToHKHe" cocraBnrtoulr4e3Heprerrqecrofi crpyKTypbt/HanorrHgqhx axeprnefi il npeBpau{anTeM caMbtMa "pa6oune" QyxxqroHanbHbre KoMnoHeHTblct4crei{bl. BxoAq cKBo3b I O6uqxuli qenoBeK.
rpaHTXI4, eocxoAnulril noroK ?Heprvln cnhparbHbtM BnxpeM "nponhrbtBaer" coorBercrBytorqylo KoMnoHeHTy crpyKTypbt,h oHa crIoBHo"BcnbtxuBaerxhBbtM orHeM", Bcn npaKTrKa xarxa-fiorh HanpaBrteHa B KoHeqHoM cLrere Ha ro, qro6ut HaKonHTbB ct4creMe AocraroLtHoe Anq peueHnn stoia 3aAaqn Konul{ecrBo 3Heprhh n Hay_ qhrbcn B coBepuleHcrBe ee KoHTponhpoBarb. r{enoaer npu sToM CTaHOBT4TCq COBepueHHo ApyrhM cyqecr_ BoM- pa3BhB e ce6e raKoM o6paaou HoBbteacneKTbr QyxrqnonarbHoro MexaHh3Ma3Hepreruqecroft crpyKrypbt u HayqrBult4cbt4HTepnpernpoBaruraHeopuallhro, coorBercrByrollylo reM ypoBHnM 6brlr,rn, K KoropbtM 3Tn acneKTbl nphHaArexar, oH o6peraer Bo3MoxHocrb "Bu4erb", r{yBcrBoBarb r 3Harb $yngar,renranbHbte Be_ l{H, Bocnpn*Tyllo,oco3HaBaHurc. A noHhMaHrrclo6urq_ Hbrx "gHeprerhqecKn orpanrueHnbtx,, LtenoBeqecKHX cyu{ecrB nphHr_lrnhanbHo xe4ocrynHurer. BxoAsr.qyui B coorBercrByloqee rory unn hHoMy rpaHTXt4"ToHKoe" Tero noroK aHeprhn o6paayet B ca_ uofi eeputrHe KoHyca "ToHKoro,,T€JlEt:- B TpexMepHoM "qpe3e" B npeAenax $opruur opraHuqecKororena - TO, qro rpaAnllhoHHo hMeHyercq .'HaKpofi,,2_ Br4xpeBylo 3oHy c r{yAoBrulHo aurcorcofinlorHocrbto pacnpeAene_ HHR3Heprnr, OartuqecKh Bcr 3HeprhR, xoropofi npeA_ crohr pacnpeAenilTbcq no crpeMqu{eMycrl rc 6ecroHeq_ 1 "noKa npaHa xe nofiger no cepe.qhHHoMynyru h Ha HeM He yrBepAhrcq BnonHe, noKa He 6yAer o6perexa a6co_ norHan Bnacrb xaA rofr Cnnoit, rtro ynpaBnqer ceMeHeM,no_ Ka ecTecTBeHHbtM COCTOgHileM yMa He CTaHeTHenpepbtBHoe cnn*Hne c EAnnurr,la rny6oxom co3epqaHhil, Ao rex nop nto_ 6ure paeroeopbt o 3HaHhfi H MyApocrh ecrb He 6onee qem nycronopoxnnh 6peA" (Cearuapaua ..Xarxa-iora npaAhnh_ xa"r 4-113). 2 gaxpa Kpyr, Koneco, Bl4xpb (casq
52 Hocfl4 o6r"et'ty "ToHKofi" KoMnoHeHTbt,"TpaH3nroM" npoxoAHTcKBo3b3Ty 3oHy, npexAe VeM"pa3BepHyTbcn B crpyKType. Ecnn noroK 3HeprilH, o6ecnevneaoullrft "ToHKoro" HanonHeHherofi unn vlaoh KoMnoHeHTbt TeIa/ oTcyTcTByeT,roBopttTb o HaflfiLtt4nB 3HepreTHqecroft crpyxrype cooreercrByrouleil varpur HeKoppeKrHo, h6o s raKoM cnyqae $arrruecrh cyuiecrBylor nilub coorBercrByrounri rpaHTXI4r noreHqhanbHas Bo3t,toxH o c r b $ o p r l r p o e a H r 4 qq a K p b th p a 3 B o p a q u B a H nB n npocrpaFtcrBe coorBercrByrcUeX "ToFtKcti" Kot,lnoFteHTbt 3 Hep rerrlqecxoir crpyKTypbt. flo 6onur-uoMycqery, To/ r{ro npraara$$epeHqrlpoBaHHoM"BilgeH!4t1"ToHKt4xKoMnoHeHr3Heprerilqecrcofi crpyKTypbt BocnpHHt4Maercn KaK "KoHycbtrol{Kt4xrer", e AeilcrarrenbHocrrr qBnfiercn nhub 3oHaMt4"crqi-ffBaHt4FB To9Ky" norlocoB npocrpaHcrBeHHo-3HeprernqecK y r x " n y 3 b t p e f i " , c $ o p r . l n p o B a H H b t xn o r e H q u a n u H o f i BO3MO)(HOCTbTO ynopgAoqeHHoro caMoKOHr_leHTpaqhh oco3HaHHflB 3oHe KoHTaKTa KocMt4qecKofi cpe4ut tl noBepxHocrl4nraHerbt. flpn ycnoahn rqocraroqHohcKycHoro BnaAeHHqrexHhKofi "Bn4eHvtA"B nphHqhne MoxHo "orcne4hrb" B npocrpaHcree Mlrpa orAenbHytoKoMnoHeHTy 3Heprerhi{ecxofi crpyKrypbt KaK oAt4H v3 "nyastpeo6pa3Hblx "ny3btpfl". cnoeB" t4HTerpanL,Horo 3ro pocrnraercn 3a cqer oqeHb rounof SrrcaqNr eocnpvArL4AB Afiana3oHe, coorBercrByiouleMgaxuofi rourperHofi Bocnpr4HnMaeuofi rcolanoHesrel.
t 3a4ava, BbtnonHeHile xoropofr rpe6yer surcoqajiulefr creneHh KoHTpo.tts/ueo6xoArvofr gnn roro, qro6st HayL{t4Tbctl o c o 3 H a H H oo c r a H a B n i l B a r b c nB n r c 6 o i r Q a : e n e p e x o A a o r r o q e q H o f rK o Hq e H T p a L lH h K npocrpaHcrBeH H o M yc o 3 e p q a Hk l o .
53
tlenoseqecilaf, Sopila O a x r n q e c x i 4 H e r i r n r a r c o i l n p H H L i i l n h a . q u H o t ip a 3 "npy6orii' H 1 4 L t bM t exAy uarepuefi "$N3hvecxcro,, Mr.4pa "ToHKoft" " B btcLU!4x" N uarepNeii Mt4po8. L4:o, u gpyroe ecrb crpyKrypt4pcBaHHoe :HeprNefi, oilpeAerieHHbtM r:6pa:om opraHrl3oBaHHoe N oSnagaroqee onpe/lefleHH b r M 1 4x a p a K T e p 1 4 c r f i K a M 1 4n p o c r p a H c r a o . T o , q r o M b l B o c n p H H k 1 4 a e M p e a n b H o c r u " $ t r 3 h 9 e c K o r o " r , , 1 t i p aK a K H e q T o o T A e n b H o e / o T ' | h r { } - t o eo T B c e T o o c T a f i b H o t - o / B e p _ Heer To, qro Mb!, KaK npaBHno, aoo6ule He BocnBr4fini':ael'r ftLlLtero, KpoMe "$N3N..iecroil" pea.fiuHocrlt, o6yc l ' 3 B f i e H o t 4 C K n F o q t 4 T e n b HHoa c T p o f i x c f t H a u e r o t s o c n p N e-rne. 14.:ueneHne xacrpo#rcm rpe6yer 3Hepri4Ltn eco3HaHHocrt4. 5e: 4ocraroqHbtx "BIoxeHhfr" 3+eprvll r43MeHhrb Hacrpolixy HeBo3MoxHo. ilplr HegocrarKe oco3H a H H o c r l 4 e e M 3 F t e H e H h f lM o r y r 6 u r r u n e r o H T p o J i t 4 p y e M b r M h , q T o f p o 3 r , 1 TF i a p y l i i e H r l q t { 1 a1 A e K B a T H O C I i 4 , t e f l o BeKa ero cpeAe o6mtanrn, B LtacrHocrt4, couranuriofi a A e K B a T H O C T TTIa/ K K a K H 3 M e H e H h eA L i a n a 3 o H a B O C n p r 4 A T t A 9vi B M e H q e r ' ( p a K T x q e c K y r o p e a n b H o c r u 6 s r r m a . K a t o LraMfi K KOHTpOn!4pyeMbtM H 3 M e H e H r l g Mn a c r p o f r K h B O C _ npnnrt 9 9BIqtOTCfl HaMepeHHe KaK CTHMyn, Ctaesr_qnrZ nepeA Mnpour 3aAaqy M3MeHeHfin I w BoJrflKaK hHcrpyMeHT peaflh3arjtlH HaMepeHnF, TO eCTb cpeAcTBo ynpaBneHile nepepacnpe4eneHneM 3Heprmil. 14cxo4Han aacrpoiZra Bocnpflsrt4s qenoBeqecKoro "Qtr3hgec
54 cpeAHecrarhcrr4L{ecKnilnpehcraBhrenb erga Homo sapiens FBrqercq "xa6nlo4areneM cHt43y".Vlepapxnq op"nepeaepHyra" no orHouJeraHu3aLlhhero BocnpAATAA Hr4loK Sarrnvecrofi repapxlrh ypoBHeil opraunsaqur nHTerpanbxofi peanuHocrr Mnpa. lloarouy qeroBeK B qecKoMcocrofrHnn (ycroHoMcpeAHecrarilcrr4 coBpeMeH "o6br.{HbiMqenoBeKoM") 60BHo Ha3oBeM3To qBneHre n e e - M e H e e n o n H o L l e H H oo c o 3 H a e T c B o h n p o t B n e H H q nrlrtb Ha ypoBHe raK Ha3brBaeMoroQnanvecrcoro Mhpa - caMoh "rpy6ai1", ilnh "Beu.1ecrBeHHofi", KoMnoHeHTbrnnrerpanuHofi peanbHocrl4. B cyu-lecrBoBaHhH noneBbfx unn t$vtpHsrx QeuoMeHoB Mbr orAaeu ce6e qyBcrBeHHurfiorvet xpafine p€AKo h, KaK npaBnno/ B 6oreaxexnbrx cocroflHr4sx.3mounoHarbHafi KoMnoHeHTa Hauhx npoqBneHhil, 6ygyun gocrynHofi gnn BocnpAATt4AtnpaKTrqecKu HaM HenoAKoHTponbHa.O ror.,r, Lrro npohcxoAr4Tc HaMn B MeHTarbxofi c$epe, Mbr B 6onuurnxcrBe cnyqaeB npocro He hMeeM noHqrrfl, xortl n noAo3peBaeM,qro B Hac ecrb nexufi acneKT co3HaHnAt nepapxhqecKr cronulnfi ablue 3Mor-lr4oHansxoft cQepur H B npfiHr-lhnecnoco6nurfi ee KoHTporxpoBarb, oAHaKo B noAaBnclouleM 6orutttttncrBe cryLraeB HaMr oco3HaHHoHe saAeilcrsoeaxxstft. O ron,txe, qro nponcxoAr4T Ha ypoBHnx HHrerpaluHofi Peaausocrr'r, 6olee "ToHKl4x",qeM MeHTanunutfi, uut aoo6ule He no.qo3peBaeM. CooreercrBeHHo Mbr He noAo3peBaeM h o cyulecrBoBaHhu6onee "ToHKHX",qeM MeHTanbHoererlo, KoMnoHeHT Hauefi co6creeFrnofi eneprerrqecrofi crpyKrypbf/ nMeHyeMbrx"TenaMil AyllJrl A -renaull Ayxa".Llur-ro paccKa3br'lo 6oxecrBeHHoM"- He B cLter/ n6o pealuno cyqecrByer AnA Hac rhr.rb ro/ t{To ust @arrnqecKh BocnprHhMaeM.Xorc hMeHHorena Ayurh h rena fiyxa ecrs To/ r.fro uur e geficrBilTerbHocrn n3 ce6r npegcraBnqeM KaK KOCMHT{eeKhe CyqecTBa.
55 Hopmansxoe cocronHt4e co3HaHHq o6urqnoro coBpeMeHHOTOCpeAHecTaThcTrqecKoro npeAcTaBhTenq au4a Homo sapiens npeAcraBnqer co6ofi HeKoHTponilpyemurfi nchxoaMorlroHanunuril$on, rcoropurfiycnoeno MoxHo 6utno 6ul Ha3Barb "ncnxoaMot_lt4oHanbHbtm 6enbrMrlyMoM". CocraBnRtoqheero nepenyraHHbteApyr c ApyroM, oKpaueHHbte caMbtMt4 pa3HbtMt43Mot_ll4f M14 MbrcJlr4 h xenaHhn xhByr ceoeil co6crgeHHofixuanurc, nphqeM o6pat aroil xhsnr4 c KoHTponeMHaA Borefi, BHnMaHheMh oco3HaHHeMCaMOTO nHAABVIAa, B KOTOpoM oHa nporeKaer, B noAaBnntouleM6ongulrHctee cnyLtaeB HhKaK He caq3aH. 6oaee toro, "caMocroqTeflbHaq xh3Hb" nchxo3MolluoHanbHoroMycopa, noAo6Ho 6poyxoacrcoMy ra3y 3anonHqlou{ero Bce ceo6oAHOe BhpryanbHoe npocTpaHCTBOHatUeFO CO3HaHhe, cKoBbrBaeTBce Halue BHnMaHhen BbteAaeTnbBhHyro Aonto nuercqeficn B HauJeMpacnopnxeHhh ceo6oAHoti 3Hepr,4h, noaroMy, KaK npaBnlo, o peanuHofi ynpaBnnemofi Borre h Qarrnvecril .KoHTponhpyeMoMBHr4MaHun B cnyLtae o6urqxoro cpeAHecrarhcn4t{ecKoroqenoBeqecKoro cyqecraa roBophrb eoo6qe He npHXoAr4TcA. Tarux uHcrpyMeHToBB ero pacnopn)KeHuh npocro Her. LtenoBeKHe ynpaBnffer B ce6e xnqeu. 6onee O6ur..tHurfi Toro, oH Ha cro npoqeHToBynpaBnqeM. Ero nogeAeHhe rMnyrbcHBHo, nocKonbKy KoHTponhpyeTcnhMnynbcaMt4, KOTOpbleqBflcroTcn He 6onee qeM aMnfirTyAHbtMl4 aut6pocaun ras cQepur "6eroutyr,,troro', ncnxo3MouhoHanbHoro Mycopa. KaxAurft raxofi aur6poc - Snyrcryaq r o x n u r f i h M n y n b c B c o 3 H a H n n ,n w 6 o o c o 6 o r p K o 3 M o qhoHanbHo oxpar.uexnufi, nn6o o6naAanqrafi noBbtuesHofi no oTHotueHrrc K o6u1er.lyypoBHto ..ncuxo3MoqhoHanbHoro 6enoro utyMa" hHTeHchBHocTblo (nra6o Aro, n 4pyroe). O6qan KaprnHa pacnpeAefleHnn raKhx QnyxryaqnoHHblx Hunynbcog ecrb ro, r{To BocnpuHu-
56 iqaercq KaK rtir{Hocrs. EcrecrBeHHo,HH'o KaKoMcaMooco3HaHHHHa ypoBHe nxqHocrl4 He Moxer 6utru r peqt,t/ nocKonbKycaMo no ce6e FBrreHHefiHqHocrr,rFBnnercn L{l,lcroanpryanLnuru o6paaoM, Koropbrii cyulecray-, er rhuJb Ao rex nop, noKa xaorhqecKN 6ynsrarcqee sruoqnft, murcleft 14xeraBapeBo HeKoHTpol14pyeMbrx nril eur6pacbrBaerhMnyrbcbr- pyKonoAcrBar 4eilcrB14ro.Vcrofrqneoe npeKpeu1eHne HeKoHrponnpyeuofi ncrxosMoLlnonanunofr AeqrenbHocrr4, Koropoe/ ec.nLl Bepytrbl*laraxAxanilt, eBnflercff eAhHc'rnencoil$axrmqecrol,i qenbp ftornqecrcofinpaxriaxll, HeMilHyeMo'npr4BoAvrrK crhpaHilrc nLrqHocrr. B repruxFtaxronrercrcoft Tpa1rqln 3To flB.nei-tileHmeHyercfi"yrparoii qeroBeqecrofi $opr"rbr".C MoMeHTayrparbr veroBeqecrofi $oplntui,co6cTBeHHo,h HaLiHHaeTcfl 3Botttoul4Roco3HaHnfl KaK TaKoBan.,Qo 3Toro MoMeHTaHr4o KaKotr cgo6oAe "co6crBeHHoro 3HeprerrqecKot-o Boflefi3bqBfleHhl" He Moxer 6urru r peqr4. flora He npeoAoneHa Bnacrb "6efloro uJyua", BonF ocraercfi noA KoHTpofieMrnLtHocTtlr TO eCTb nOA KOHl-pOneM hflnrO3OpHOrO HeLrTO,AO y p o B H q n o f l H o r o a B T o M a T H 3 M a3 a B h c t 4 M o r o o r o r p o M H o ro Kon14qecTBacnyvafiHurx $arcropoa. Bnpoveu, He TonbKo cryvairnurx. He cexper/ qro 3HaHHe ocHoB ftch: xoTexHi4Kl4 n03BOnReT qeneHanpaBIeHHo Bfl14flTb Ha @opmrpoeaHhe rhqHocrefi qenoael{ecKilx cyu{ecre. 6yAy.ryr nogrcpenrexxofi coBpeFleliHbrMH TexHhqecKrM14 ) cpeAcTBaMn- t4 BnaAeHfleM TexHonofvlflMu FtchXo9H€pt-€: ThqecKoro aos4eftcrena3, 6azoeaq ncfixorexHhKa npet A x e B e p i l T be M y y F i a cn o K a o c H o B a s r r i ner... 2 H a n p n v e p , B o 3 M o x r { o c r t M i3/ rn e K T p o H H b r x CM14... 3 n o e n o n x e n o H f i T H b r rnqp u q h H a M B H a c r o . q u l e e BpeMtl ujhpoKo He ashurmpyeMbtMr4 H,o T e M H € r ' , r e n e ep e a n b H o c y BnonHe "pa6ourlar" r 4ocraroqHo ulr4poKo uecrByror-t1r4Mn,
57 Bpau{aeTcqB hcKyccT8onpofpaMMi4p0.BaHhfl noBeAeHHq KaK orAenbHoro ''{enoBeKa,TaK H coo6ulecre Lte.floBeqecKylx cyu{ecrB xa np6om ypoBHe h s np6utx cKor.tb yroAHo lrtHpoKr4xuacutra6ax... flprr ycnoBnn 3HaHhn HeKoropbtx"a3oB" KoppeKTHpoBKa cneKrpa "ncr4xo3noLlHoHanbHoro6enoro uiyMa" He raKaq yx cnoxHan 3aAaqa... YclpaueHne HeKoHrpoll14pyeMbrx $nyrryarlr,rrZ cocroqHilR co3HaFthfl(vrrra-apnrt"h-tJ14poAxa)coo6uiaer Bocnphnrrlrc ceoricrecrQaxruvecrofi scnocrh, npeKpaqaeT HeKOHTpOnt4pyeMoe paccehBaryheorpoMr_ioFo Ko_ rhqecrBa gHeprvnt "cbe4aeMofi" "6enbtM tuyttot"t,,.pe3ynbraroM craHoBt4Tcqcnoco6r{ocrb oco3HaHHo KoHTponhpoBaTbpacnpeAeleHhe 3Heprhil I cHcreMe B uetioMl qTo no3BoIfleT nepeHanpaBhTb noToKl4 npaHa_ eafilo h anaHa-BahlK:u "Hanorh[4Tb" ,'ToHK[e/,KoMnoHeHTbt3Hepreri4qecrcofi crpyKTypbr3a cqer BBeAeH,4rB pacnprMneHHbtxBhTKOB143KaHAbt cyr.rjyMHy .
lfnrerpanunblf, TpeHuHr 14xrerpanuHsrilrpeunHr ecrb KoMnreKcHurri rpeHn_ poeovnutfi a.nrophrM/ nonb3yscb KoropbtM/ qeroeeqe_ cKoe cyuecTBo MOXeTL{eneHanpaBneHHo t43MeHqTb xa_ paKTepilcrhK14ceoeft 3HeprerhLtecrcoftcrpyKrypbt Ha BCeXypoBHsx ee opraHh3allht4/oco3HaHHOpa:rBnBagn coBepueHcrBye KaK caMy 3HepreThqecKytocrpyKrypy, TaK il Bce ee Synrcqraona.nbHbte npoqBneHnn. CoorsercrBeHHo rexHororns HHTerpafibHororpe_ HHHra- 3TO npaKThqecKaqTexHonor4l KOppeKTHOTO npilMeHeHht Bbtueync,MHHyroro arrophrMa" Uensrc ncnonb3yeMbtMH T e M X / K T o H e 3 a i l H T e p e c o B a HB v t x a 6 n w n poBaHVU...
5B npaKTnKh nto6ofi TexHororhqecxofi chcreMbr hHTerpanbHoro rpeHhHra qBnfleTcfl AocTnxeHhe cocToRHl4fl fiorn - "9hrra-Bpl4TTt4-HhpoAxax"- To ecrb ha6aeneor roro, KaHhe or qeroBeqecrcofi$opuur, He3aBhcr4Mo KHMq3brKoMnonb3yercf npaKTrryputnfi h KaKmMTepMHHoMoH aro cocroflHheo6osxaqaer. "pa6o.lnur" n eQQeKTnBHbrM14 cyHar6onee Anq npehMyqeulecrB/ r.rbeBocnpnqTne cKoHqeHTpl4poBaHo "$n3hr{ecKoM"KoHTHHyyMe, qBcrBeHHoB TpexMepnoM n9ploTcgcr4cTeMbtHHTerpanbHoro rpeHnHfat ocHoBaH"$n3h.{ecKoft" KoMnoHeHTbr Hbre Ha rpancQopuaqnn aHeprerrllecroil crpyKTypbr 14 oco3HaHrh 3aKoHoB ee "BbrxogoM" Ha QyHrqnonnpoBaHhc c nocneAytor{t4M oco3HaHHoeynpaBneHhe npoLleccaMr, npoTeKaol!.ll4Mr4 "nocreAyplqhM BbtxoB "ToHKl4x" KoMnoHeHTax.l-log 4oM" ts AaHHoM cnyqae noHnMaercc He cronbKo coorHo|.lleHhenpoqeccoB Bo BpeMeHn,cKorrbKohx noloxeHl.re B crpyKType "TexHoflorr qecrofi nepapxnn" . flpaxrrxa noAo6nurx cr4creM HHrerpanbHoro rpeHhHra pacunpneT AhanaSoH BocnpntTug 3a cqeT BBe"c$epy oco3HaBaeMoro" pe3ynbraroB AeFAeHnc ,B Terrbr'tocThTex Mo3roBblx cTpyKTyp, KoTopbre B hcxoAFioMcocroenru pa6orarcT Ha noAco3HaHlleu cBepxco3HaHhe n, TaKhM o6paaom, B npoqecce oco.sxaFrHofi xn3HeAenTenbHocrl4o6urqHoro qenoBeqecKoro cyqecrBa yqacrhn He npHHHMapr. Paculnpexne Auana3oHa Bocnp{err4q o6ecneqhBaer pacurpeHne "noflfl Bocnpuxnllaeuofi peanbHocrvl". 3a cqer ycraHoBneHhg KoHTponq HaA AenrenbHocrblo 6ureuhx paHee HenoABnacrynpaBneHhp KoMnoHeHT HbrMHBOneBOMy co3HaHhflqenoBeqecKoe cyulecrBo o6peraer cnoco6xocru SaxrnuecKr4BocnphHhMarbypoBHr4l4nrerpaaunofi PeaauHocrr4, aa o6pa6oruy unSopMaLlHHc Koropbrx 3Tlr KoMnoHeHTb't orBeqator. CoorsercrBeHHo y qenoBeKa norancercc
59 Bo3MoxHocrboco3Hanxo .qeFcrBoBarba cQepax 14HTerpanbHoro Mrpa, RBnqrcqhxcg MarepnalbHbrM BonnouleHileM BbrueynoMrHyrbrx ypoareil Peanunocrr. Pe3yrrbraroM craHoBhrcn o6perenne aAeKBarHoro B"AeHnn t4epapxnqecrcoilcrpyKTypbr Mrapa h ecrecraeHHblM o6paaou cneAyloqee h3 Hero h3MeHeHi4ehepapxhqecrcoftopraHn3allvv co3HaHhqqenoBeqecKorocyqecrBa, "nepeBopaquBaercn" Koropafl n craHoBtlrcfl coorBercrayloqefr $arcruvecroil nepapxhh KoMnoHeHr3HepreruqecrcoficrpyKTypbr.Teu caMbtM3HeprerhqecKancrpyKTypa h co3HaHhe nphBoAnrcn a rapuoHhr{HoecocrorHne B3at4Mnofi$ynrqnonanuxofi c6anarcrpoBaHHocrt4. [eHrp caMooco3HaHnqcMeqaercn c ypoBHfl nhqHocrr Ha ypoBeHu Cyr4Hocrh, coorBercrByrorqr4fireny Ayxa, rlTo nogBonner coxpaHilTb "napa6oraHHblfi" ypoBeHb oco3HaHHocrh nph nepexoAe "9epe3 cMeprb" 3a cqer coxpaHeHhnHenpepbtBHocrunoroKa caMooco3Haxhq.B cnyqae o6urqxoro ''tenoBeqecKorocyqecrBa, LleHTpcaMOOCO3HaHhH KOTOpOTO HaXOAhTC9Ha ypoBHe rlrLtHocrnr coorBercrBylotqeM "Qh3hgecKofi" KoMnoHeHTe 3Heprerr'{ecxoi crpyKrypbt, pa3noxenre "$h3rqecKoro" n "6flhxHHX" K HeMy "ToHKt4x"Tet npil nep€xoAe "9epe3 cMeprb" Hapyuaer HenpepblBHocrbnoroKa caMOOCO3HaHhfl.
Pe:ylurar npaKTHKhlro6oil nonHoqeHHoficncremur HHTerpanbHoroTpeHnqrat B npeAene, - nepexoA co3HaHhflna 6onee aurcoxnil$ynrcqnoxansxurfiypoaenu. B coorBercrBr414 c repMnnonorreil P.A.yrncona - nepexo,q Ha ypoBeHb QynrqnonhpoBaHhe 6onee EbtcoKoopraHH3oBaHHoroKoHTypa'..Cr"rurcn npeKpaqeHHl HeKoHT p o f i h p y e M b l xn p o q e c c o B B C O 3 H a H H-h y M e H b u e H h e 1 Cr',r.yrncoH P.A. KaaHroaaq ncuxoflorrr; flcrx.onorrn 3Bontoqril.-K.: 9xyc-6yxc,1998-1999.
60
61
KonMqecraaEaAeilcreosaHxoft3teprr4pt/ Koropar npL! nepexoge "BTgHercfi" B nepexogxurri npoqecc. 9eu 6onsure aHeprrh sageficrnoBaHo B pexilMe reKyqero QyHrqroH hpoBaHhfi / rel,t 6onee pa3pyruhreflbHbtMh Arq crcTeMbr MoryT oKa3aTbcq nepexoAHbte npoqeccbt3ro r43BecrHo l,rs6axaauxori 3neKTporexHnKn.Mrnrpln3aur1q reryuleir ncilxoaHeprerlrqecrcoft aKTrBHocrl4cnoco6 3aqurr,rrb ct4cT'eMy or pa3pyrue*ne npn nepexoB n p n H q r 4 n i l a r b H o H o s r , r fQ i y n r c q n o n a n u H u lpf ie x i l M . Ae cnyuafi, KorAa B npollecce rBop,QocrarovHorr4nHLteH qecrBa npm cnoHTaHHoM rtepexoAe co3HaHr4rna 6onee ypoBeHb opraHfirlecKoereesrcorhfi $yHrcqirouanunurft ro He BbrAepxilBaer neperpyaKt4,o6ycnoeleupori nepexoAnbrMunpolleccaMr. PaHHqqcMeprb HeKoroljrl,tx r43 pyanbHccrer,"iqeua n6onee rlDKrlx rBopqecKi4x vHfi,vBt/t IoBeqecrBa MoxeT cJtyxl4TbnphMepor,t .
Xarxa-lrora Xarxa-frora ecrb noflHoueHHaF rhMHacr'tLiecKaf, TeXHO/!Ort4fl [4HTerpaJ|bHOr-O TpeHhHra/ n03BOnqrcUiaR Aocrr{r{bcccroq}-it,uiiloru, no"qb3yncbaS$ercrnaHbtMrr{ ca Mofi ocTaTot-t HbtM14TeXHi4L{eCKt4 f,1il MeTO.qa Mil. Camo4ocrarolrHocrb rpeHHpoBovnofinpa
pa3tsurllro3fleprerrLtecrcil crpyKTypbt nofl Blger,cx Bo3_ Moxr{ocrb SyxrquonarbHoro pa3tsLrrr.qBonrou{eHHoro e Heti co3HaHhn.Pagafirhe co3HaHhfiorKpbteaer nyrb K noBblii.leHhlo ypoBHq oco3HaHHocrt4. [1oeutuJexHem ypotsHr oco3HaHHocrt4o6ecneqheaercq pacluhpeHHe A[nana3oHa BocnpnaTnn, qro ecrecrBeHHblMo6pasom nptaBo4r,trK pacKpbtruro HoBbrx ypoenefi caMooco3Ha_ HnA fi B pe3ynbrare - K.qocrl,txeHfip cocrogHnn ilorn. (Darru.{ecxoe pacuxpeHile AHanasoHaBocnpHgrr.rfi on,4paercq Ha cnoco6Hocrb 3aMeqarb HsMeHeHilnco_ crosHHq co3HaHhl, a raKxe cocroqHnfi BHyrpeHHeroLl "nci4xo3HeprernqecKrx,, BHeuJHero npocrpaHcrB/ r{To, B cBofo oqepeAb/ rpe6yer pa3BfiTt4.n cnoco6nocrn npe_ b h M a H n ei l c o x p a H g r b B b t c _ A e n b H o K o H q e H T p t 4 p o B aETH t x u h y p o B e H b K o H U e H T p a q HB h T e q e H r 4 eA l h r e n b H b t x npoiltexyrKoB BpeMeHil,AocraroqHbtxAlq roro, q.ro6ur "Toqe.lHag" KoHqeHTpaqNfiHa cocrogHt4h orAenbHoro o6uerra nepepocna B npocrpaHcrBeHHytoKoiiqeHrpa_ L{hro Ha
COCTOqHHRX 3HepreThLtecKt4X
h
ncHXl,lqeCKhX
npocrpal-icrB/nepeceL{eHheMKoropbtx .qaHnsrfio6lercr
qB'lgeTcff.
Texronorlqecrlf,aflrop]tnl B ocHoBe rexHonoFhqecKoro anrophrMa xarxa_ ilarn rexrT cl4creMa@narvecrrx ynpaxuenufr, co_ crorulHX r433reMeHToB/ilMeHyeMbrxacaxaMrt. KaxAaq acaHa ecru oco6oe nonoxeHHe opraHhqecKoro rela/ KOTOpoenoMrlpto Henocpe/qcTBeHHOrO TpeHhpyloqero eo:4eftcrahs Ha co6creeFtHo.,$HarvecKoe,,reno eop_ M14pyeT BnofiHe onpeAeneHHyro npocTpaHcTBeHHO_ ' Y.qapeHr,re H a n e p B o M c . r i o r e .f i o c n o e u o : . . n o 3 a , n o r o _ xenr4e rexa" (cancxp.).
62
63
"ToHKt4x"cocraBnnio3HeprernLrecKyroron$nrypaqulo utl4x aHeprernqecrofi crpyKTypbr H TeM caMbrMoKa3brBaer coorBercrByloqee arofi rconQrrypaqnr pa3BnBapuee eosAeficrehe Ha co3HaHhe. 3a cqer orcrpoilrn u ynnoTHeHhcpacnpeAeneHhfl3Heprhn B oceBbrxKoMnoHeHTax "ToHKrx" cocraBnnou{hx crpyKTypbr acaHa "3HeproHacbrqeHno3Bonger 3HaqhrenbHo noBbrchrb Hocrb" nocaeAneft Ha Bcex ypoBHnx. Teu caMblM "ToHKtae" cocraBnctoulne 3HeprerilLrecroX crpyKTypbl "3aMerHbrMl" vI B craHoBflTcq6onee 6onuurefi creneHr Bocnpherhq. CooraercrBeHHo B co3AocrynHbrMn AnA pa3BhBarcTcn MexaHr3Mbr,no3Bonqpqhe npaKHaHnn "npho6perexnuruu Tr4KylouleMy o6pecrr KoHrponb Ha4 "ToHKr4Mh BocnpilRTt4eM" HoBbrMl4 opraHaMn" nn6o ftag HoBbrMr,{ csoficraaMr u Ka'{ecrBaMhopraHoB, 6uraunx "H3BecrHblMhBocnpr ATl4)o""4o roro". Ann AocrrxeHhtr MaKcnManbHororpeHhpyloqero a$$erra h MaKcilMaaunofi ncr4xo3Heprerrvecrofi aQQexrrexocrn npaKThKa acaH coBMeu{aercn c npaKThroil cneqrarbHbrx rexHhK ynpaBneHnn pacnpeAeneH[3Heprernqecrcofi eM gHeprnr4B "ToHKHX"KoMnoHeHTax crpyKrypbr. 3ror Knacc rexHhK Ha3blBalor npaHanr"roft1- "rcrcyccrBoM ynpaBnenun Cnnoh". Llenuril pn4 npaKTnqecKhx npHeMoB npaHaqMbl a ceoeyl ocHoBe hMeer rexHhKr4ynpaBneHnf AbtxaHHeMKaK "cpegcrBom 4ocryna" K oco3HaHHoMyKoHTpono HaA npoqeccaMn HaKonrreHhfir nepepacnpeAeneHheSHeprhn B TaK Ha3btBaeMoM"aQhpHoM" Tene - "ToFtKofi" KoMnoHeHTe gHeprerhr{ecrofi crpyKTypbt, calaoh "6rhxHefi" K "Sn3nvecroMy" Teny no ypoBHro opraH[3aqhh. OceoeHHe npl4eMoBynpaBneHl4q noroKaMn 3neprnn "a$up' l-fpana - Cuna, 3Heprhn; qua rponb, ynpaBneHhe(cancxp.).
o6ygAaxre, xoH-
Horo"l n.naHa orKpbtBaer nyrb K ocBoeHhrc KoHTpoIn HaA 3Heprnsun 6onee BbtcoKt4x ypoenefi. 3a cqer noBbtueHhq KoHLleHTpaLlhh 3Heprhh B "a$rpnofi Konvrl" npr Kopperrnoil npaKThKe rcom6rxaU.nn acaHa-npaHarMa Bo3HrKaloT HoBbte BHyTpeHHhe KoHlleHTpaLlglh AOMnHaHTbt BocnphgThq n nponcxoAr,tT nepeopneHTaLlhqHanpaBneHflflBHtlMaHr/t+t B o6ut.{Ftot"l cocronHl4r4o6urqnoro qenoBeKapacceqHHoHanpaBneH_ Horo BoBHe. Bocnprnrue "BTgFhBaercR,,BoBHyrpb n BHrMaHhe HanpaBngeTcflHa cocToqHne..npocrpancTaa BHyrpeHHrx ot4yu{eHui,t". llpvt }qocraroq Ho n xreHch eHofi npaKThKeAocrhraercn cronb BbtcoKagcreneHb ,.cBopa_ vhBaHilq Bocnphnrl4nBoBHyrpb,,,9To BHhMaHhenorHo_ crbto orKnpqaercq or BHeuHhx o6uexroe. Taroe co_ cronHr4e hMeHyercfl nparbsxapofi -,'orKrroqeHviev,,,, nnn " cr+rnBaHHeMBHhMaHHflBH,ytpb,,z. Ha arofi cra4rn npaKT'iKH Bo3HnKaer cocrorHre "ocraHoBK vt", vlneHyeMoe raKxe cocrogHhell " exyrpen Hero 6esr4ongnA". CeoficrgexHstfr o6ut,{Houy LtenoBeKy B ero HopManbHotrl cocTorHl.rlt HeynpaanqeMulfi 6esy_ 4epxxsrfi noroK Murcnefi, o6ycaoanexnurX noToKoM axeuxefi "rpex.uepHofi"3 ltx$opMaquu u \tyxunrr,.ncl4xo3HeprerhqecKhM,t HaBo4KaMn,,,npeKpat4aercfl, n6o RoroK eHeuJFtefir,rx$opuaqhr BpeMeHHo"orceKaercl',, a BHyrpeHH[e ncnxo3Heprer[qecK]4e .'HaBo4KH,,Bo3_ MOXHbtnnwb B TOM Cny\+ae,KorAa hMepT MeCTO3MO_ Llt,toHanbHbte h npoqne noAo6nurepeaKU]tHHa BHeuHfie co6urrms n cnryaLfnh, 3a 3HeprerhqecKhe noroKl4 Koro_ ' flpocrpaxcrao serpHoro MHpa o6ra4aer Rerbo npo_ crpaHcrBeHHbtMh r 43 M e p e H h q M rh , c y A A n o d c e u y , T p e x M e p : x u r r u* c Q e p u q e c K H M "n p o c r p a H c r B o MB p e M e H h . flparurxapa orKnoqeHt,te, c)Karv1e, crlrnlalve (caucrcp.). " To ecrs orxocnulerica K '.er3rvecKoMy,,.Mt4py.
65
64 pbrx Moxer "3auennrbcfl"nchxo3HeprerrltecKoe Bo34efrcrene. C r s r t a e a n H e B H h M a H h q B H y r p b n p ] 4 B o A r 4 TK n p e 4enuHofi KoHlleHrpal{hvr BHhMaHhq Ha cocronHhh BHyrpeHHero'tncilxo3HeprerhqecKoro npoctpanctea". 3ro "cocpegorogeHheM", "KoHqeHTpaurelt vnv hMeFtyercq BHhMaHhq" 4xapaHofi1. Yrny6neHre ycrofiunaoft KoHL{eHrpaLlilh Ha B}lyrp e H F r e Mn c h x o 3 H e p r e T i l q e c K o M n p o c T p a H c T B e n p h t s o A r 4 T K oco3HaHno cesgeil BHyrpeHHero u BHeuHero, u6o B H y r p e H F t e ee c r b r r 4 u r b o r p a H r q e H n a n o 6 y c n o B r e H H o crbro Bocnpvrrvs o6nacru 6ecroHeqHocrr, KoHueHTpaL l r , 1 e3 H e p i - H 1 4B 3 H e p r e r m q e c r o i Z c r p y K r y p e 1 4 K o H L l e H Tpauhs BHhMaHhfl npfBoAsr K oco3HaHrto ceseefi l aK B H y T p e H H e r o n p o c T p a H c r B a c B o c n p h H h M a e r 4 b r M iK "ToHKoro" BHeluHhe cocraBnfl ]ou{l4Mt4 Tena. Bocnpltnrre oxBarbrBaer Bce 6onee r 6onee o6urnpHure c$epur "ncrxo3HepFerfiLtecKrx" npoctpaHcrB, B Koropblx ilMeeT Mecro 6urrne 3Heprerhqecroil crpyKrypbr npaKTNKyro"o6beMulero/ KoHueHTpaqhq BHilMaHilq craHoBr4Tcq Hail". COepa BocnpfiFTr4fl pacuhpsercl, oxBarbrBaq E H t 4 M a H h e B 3 a r M o c B s 3 1 41 4 6ecicogeqHocTh,/ oTcnexhBaeT npocTpaHcTBaMh pa3nilqHbrx cooTHor.reHhrr MexAy ypoexefr opraHh3auhri. 3ro cocrosHhe hMeHytor " c o 3 e p u a H H e M "4xunuofi2.
B pesynurare co3epqaHrs nprxodrr SarcrrqecKoe BocnphgTr4eqenocrHocrn n eAhHcrBa 3Heprerilqecrofi "BHyrpeHHee" n crpyKTypbr, H€ pas.qenexnoil Ha "BHeulHee", "rpy6oe" il "ToHKoe"r "orpaHrgeHHoe" v1 "6ecKoHe.{Hoe".CoorBercrBeHHocaMooco3HaHhenpaKThKytoqero cTaHoBhTc9caMooco3HaHHeMe.qHHoro A t , { x a p a H a - $ l r x c a q n n , coAepxaHhe (caucxp.). 2 Axunua - co3epqaHile (caucxp. ).
qerocrHoro6ecroxeqHorocyulecrBa,He orpaHrle6HopaMKaMn'lQh3uqecKoro" ro npocrpaHcrBeHHblMh Tefla H paMKaMil qeroBeqecroil xr43Ht4.3ro coBpeMeHHbrMh - cauaAxrt. B sacronHhe Ha3brBaercfl"eAhHeHl4eM" ypoBHe BhcnMocTr,r oT KoHqeHTpaqrH3Heprnh B 3HeprerhqecKofi crpyrrype/ pa3B[Tocrr carqofi crpyKrypbt h noroxeHhA, 3aHnl4aeMoroCyulxocruo e Koclahqecrofi Vlepapxnn (ro ecrs or $arcrnvecKoro 'y'poBHnpa3Bnrtln caMooco3Hannn),Bo3MoxHbtpa3nhqHbteno norHore il rny6rxe craAnn cocrosHhs cauaAxr2. o6rerrou cocpeAoroLreHhqMoxer 6urru nn6oe RBneHhe,o6na4aou.lee sHepren4qecKoX crpyrrypofi nnn >Ke nponBnerculee ce6n B KaliecrBe KoMnneKcaQyHrcqraoxanbHbtx xapaKreprcrnrc raroil-ln6o crpyKTypbt/ To ecrb nro6oir npeAMer, nrc6oe cyqecrBo - KaK opraHhqecKoe/TaK h HeopFaHhqecKoe,nrc6oe cocrogHne, gBneHhe, p.eilcl'Bhe - Bce, t{To yroAHo. Yrpy6nerre KoHL{eHTpaLlhh Ha o6rexre c nocneAyroulefi rpancQopuaqraefi B co3epllaHhe h BbtxoAoM B cocTogHhe eAhHeHhF BKITO''{aeT crpyKrypy o6uerra nepenvxofi KoHqeHrpaqraire crpyKTypy co3epqaloutero. l4ueer Mecro clhnHne 3HeprerhLrecKhx cTpyKTyp co3epqaeMoro 14 co3epqarcqero B Bocnphnrr4h nocneAHero, hMeHyeMoecalauRMofi'. Pe3ynbrr4pyroulee nocn4x(eHile caoficre, KaqecrB h 3aKoHoa $ynrcLlroHhpoBaHhqo6t'eKTa co3epqaHile nphBoy co3epqapulero cnoco6nocrn Ar4T K Bo3Ht4KHoBe_HHro nocpeAcTBoM BofleBoro MaHrnynnpoaaHnqHaMepeHheM ynpaBnqrb cocronHhflMh 3Heprerrqecrofi crpyKTypbl o6r'ercra co3epLlaHhl/ BHeApnrb $yHrcqraonarbHbte t CamaAxr- coeAnHerlr'e(caucxp.). 2 cu. narauAxanulo.frora-Aapuana. 3 CauuRua - c4epxrBaHne, yAepxaHhe, o6ya4aHre, ' yn paBneH re, rny6oxoe cocpeAoroq er ue ( caucxp.) . 3 o-rzs
66
67
ceoicraa h Kaqecraa ceoefi 3Heprernqecxofi crpyKrypbl B sHepferuqecKyto crpyKrypy o6uexra co3epqaHue, pacnpocrpaHnTb caoficrga sHeprernqecrcofi crpyxTypbl o6uerra co3epqaHuq Ha cBoro co6crsexl.tylo 3HeprerhqecKylo crpyKrypy r nonlgoearbcn nponBneHrqur 3aKofioB QyxxquoxrpoBaHhr aHeprerhqecxofi crpyKrypbl o6rerra co3epqaHhA N1s rpancQopr,raqHil cBoefi co6_ crseHxofi 3Heprerlqecxofi crpyKTypbt. B cocroRuhnx caMaAXh h caMbqMbtqeroBeK. oco3_ Haer ycrpofisreo caoefi 3Heprerhqecrofi crpyKrypbt, ee coorHollr(*tile c 3HepreThqecKilMl4cTpyKrypaM[ ApyrHX cyu{ecrB r c 6urrlteM, pa3BepHyrbtM B ',ToHKt4x,,npocrpaHcrBax l4xrerpanunoro Mnpa, nonyqafl Bo3Mox_ HOCTbCornacoBaTbhepapxHlo KoMnoHeHT3HepreTl4Lte_ crcoft crpyKTypbl c Hepapxhefi xounoneHT co3HaHnA n ypoexefi camooco3HaHnA.B yrore ox o6peraer nonxulfi KoHTponbHaA BceMh eyxxqnonarbHbtMl4 KoMnoHeHTa_ Mh cBoero cyqecTBa, c HailBbtclllero AocTynHoro eMy ypoBxn caMooco3HaHhnKoHTponhpyn $yxxqr,rra ypoa_ xeX eneprernqecxofi crpyKrypu nocpeAcrBoMynpaBne_ H14flcooTBeTCTBytou{HMh ypoBHeM14 co3HaHn,.
npannrax lornue o nompnoftt flxnolbnofi flo4 noanpxofi npaxruxofr nonrMaercn nHAnBnAy_ arbHac npaKTHKa, I xo4e rcoropofi .3HeprernqecKag crpyKTypa npaKThKyroluero ..npuBbtKaer,, K BbrnoIH€_ Ht4,loorAerbHbtx rpeHxpoBoqHbtx rexHhK n nx xou6r.t* naqui B pa3nrqHbtx pexhMax n o6yvaercc peann3oBbt_ Barb 3a.noxenxufi B Hhx nc[xoaHeprerhqecKnri noren_ qhan.
norb - eAnHae 3HeprernqecKaR crpyKTypa, o6pa3o: BaHHan 3aMblKaHileMTpaH3r4THbrx 3HepronHQopuaquoHHbrxnoToKoB 3HepreTnqecKilx cTpyKryp AByx pa3Honorblx senoBeqecKnx cyqecra. ,QnnonbHanrpeHhpoBKa r.rHoro coeAhHeHnf, , ecTb npa KThKa TexHonorvlv rapMoH14 ypaBHoBeuilBaHnAh caMooco3HaHhfAByx ocHoBononararcqtr1nx Cnn, gayx yr3HaLranbHutx QarcropoB npoeBneHHocrl4 6urrNq Mnpa, B AanbHeBocroLrHbrxrpaAhllrnx nMeHyeMbrx.FlHn 14Hb.B npaKrhKe 4nnonsHofi TpeHHpoBKr4 MyxcKoe h xeHcKoe qe,]oBeqecKhe cyu{ecTBa coBMecrHoBbrnonHflrornapHbre rou6nxaquh rpeHhpoBoLtHbtx rexHhK, c6anaxcrpoBaHHbteno "chnoBbtM"xapaKTephcThKaM3a cqeT 3aMbrKaHhRvHqnBn4yanbHbtx TpaH3urHblx3HepronxSopuaqroHHblx noroKoB "Hepe3 FecrcoHe.{Ftocrb" B rapMoHHLtHbte KoHTypbloco3HaHHoro ncrxo3HeprernqecKoro B3a14 MoAeficranq,
lloxnrreOarorof, Tpet[poBoqxof Texnllrn flo4 rexnrxaul.r 6asoeofi npaKrnKh noHhMaprce TpeHhpoBor{Hble rexHhKl4,npeAcraBnq}oqueco6ofi Aocroixurfi Bbr3oB4nn o6urvHoro r{enoBeKa,xapaKTephcTl4KhTe,la h co3HaHhg KoToporo r3HaqaIbHo HaxoAcTcR B Ahana3oHe xeroropofi "col-lnarbHo npnunrofr" 6nonorrqecxofi HopMbr. Apyrltmu croBaMh, TexHhKt4 - 3To rexHHKH, nprroAHbte Ant 6asoeofr npaKT!4Kr4 nonHoqeHHoro npoxoxAeHrn nyrh xarxa-ilorn noAaBnnrcllquM6onburuxcreou o6rrqxurx anAeft, B gasnchuocTr4oT ypoBHg TpeHupoBaHHocTt4 Ha pa3n[qHbtx 3Tanax 3Toro nyrlr Hcnonueyrcrch 6asoeue npaKTrKr,t pa3nnr{HbrxypoBHefi cnoxxocrn. HxorAa K pa3psAy 6asoerrx npaKTrqecKilx rexHhK ou.lN6oqxo orHocRT npnuurrBvl3hpoBaHHbte BaphaHTbl 3i
68
69
ftorh.lecrHX ynpaxHsthfi, nhue-HHbte HeKoropbtx t4g ocHosHbtxnpH3HaKoBco6creeHHo ilorr.{ecKhX T€XHl4K. 9ro ..-,lpoQanqqnq. florxoLleHHbtMhfiorr$ecrcrMhTpel'lhpoBo'{Fl.blMh TexH}lKaMr MOXHOC'.{t4TaTb I14uJbTe, KOTopbrMceoficreeH BnonHeonpeAeneHnutftypoeeHb nchxoaHeprer[LtecKoro aoageficrehr no KoMnrreKcHofiorcrpofixe A paaanrnlo KaK "rpy6btx", TaK n ,'ToHKhx,, KoMnoHeHrgHepFerhqecrofi crpyKrypbr. l-lpruexeune y n p o q e H H b t x B a p H a H T OT Bp e H h p o B o r { H b T t xe x H h K ,o n _ ThMh3l,tpyroqeeBo3Aeficrare Koropbtx e sxaqhr€auHofi Mepe orpaHrqeHo ypoBHeMopraHrqecrcoi rcounoHeHTbl 3HeprerilLtecrcofi crpyKTypbt h orAenbHblMnacneKTaMh TaK Ha3btBaemoi"a$npxofi KonvllA"r, onpaBAaHoHa HaqanbHbtx granax rh6o e KoMnneKceftora-repaneBThLfecKilx Meponpknrnil, *orga B cilny orpaHhqeHHocrl4 Bo3MoxHocreftnparrhKyroult4xnphMeHeHtae nonHoLleHH u r x 6 a g o s b t x r p e H h p o B o q H b t xn p a K T n K H e B o 3 M o x H o . fio uepe noBbtlueHilFypoBHn rpeHhpoBaHHocrt4qenecoo6pa:en KaK MoxHo 6onee 6urcrpurfi n 6ecrounpour,rccxslfinepexol K npaKThKenonnoileHHbtx6agoebrx TpeHilpoBor{Hbtx TexHhK.
Ycnomnernbte rpeltlpoBortHbte rexn[H]l B cnny HeKoropbtx nphqhH Anfl orAenbHbtx hHAl4B T 4 A O By p O B e H b h H T e H c h B H O C T hB b t 3 O B a / n p e A b f l B n q e _ Moro 6asoBbtMl4 npaKTnKaMn K 3Heprern.{ecrcoti crpyKTyp€, B qacrHocr!4, K ee opranrqecrofi KoMnoHeHTe,
1 Han6onee"nnorHag" cocraBnqtoqannpuHaAnexau{efi nqrhMepHoMy npocrpaHcreya$npxofi romnoxeHTbt3Hepre_ rlrqecxofi crpyKTypbl,"Bnr.caHHas,, B o6racrb rpexMepHoro npocrpaHcrBa,3aHrMaeMylooprauruecxofi rounoxeHrofi 3Heprerrqecxoficrpyrryput.
Moxer oKa3arbcr HeAocraroqHbtM. Bo Hs6exaHhenorepu o6lqeft aSQercrrBHocnlrpeHrpoBovxofinparcrnrcn TaKnM nloAqM nphxoAhTc9 B Llensx KoMneHcallhh Tex Ann hHbrx acneKToB cBoero cocrocHHg nonb3oBarbcq ycnoxHeHHbrMt4 TpeHhpoBoqHblMH TexHhKaMH. Hanpnuep, AA9 xeHulr4H, c AercrBa rpeHl4poBaBrur4xcg B coorBercrlnn c rarchr,n4-rr46oMeroAhKaM14, npeAycMarphBaloulHMh pa3Bt,rrhe rrnepuo6nrbHocrn cycraBoB h nosurueHxoil 3lacrhlrHocrr cyxoxhnbHoMbrureqHoroKoMnreKca, 6asoaute acaHbt B cBoeM noAaBngrcluleM6onuunHcrBe MoryT oKa3arbcn HeAocraToqHo aS$errnaHbrMh AnA reHeprpoBaHhn MoulHbrx "cyxo)
"70 pa3nHqHbteBaphaHTbt')MocroB" H "TpoHHblx no3" Hf4 B 6onuurrxcree cfl,y.'{aeB Aatorcc roqHo c raKH$H xe KaK H BCeMOCTarIbHblM. TpyAHOCT9Mr,t, V Mxornx cnoprcMeHop-nnoBlloe ertcoKofi KBanh$nraqrara Moryr Bo3HhKHyru npo6neubt c npeAbttBreBbt30Ba cyxoxhnbHo-Mbtlll€9HoMY Hl4eM Aocroinoro pyK B TO Xe BpeMF l,l nneqeBblx CyCTaBOB, KOMnneKCy 6asoaas chroBac pa6ora n pa6ora Ha paBHoBecue B croilrce Ha pyKax 6y.qer Are HHX AocraroqHo aSSexrhexoi... Surealor cnTyaLlhvt,KorAa B ponh $arropa, ynpoularcqero ocBoeHle 6asoaofi TexHhKl4h crl4uynilpyrculero rcno,|b3oBaHHeycrloxHeHHblx BaplraHToB,BblcTynalor BpoxAeHHHe oco6exHocrn crpoeHhn opraHhqecKoro rena. Hanpnmep, BpoxAeHHae cmaxeHHocrb $ranonocrol6a (nnocrcancnurMqecKhx hsrta6os no3BoHo\.rHoro na) npraoArr K ToMy/ r{To qenoBeK c nerKocrbto ocBam"ulnararHble" TexHueaer rny6oKre nporh6ut HasaA h KN/ oAHaKo hMeer.HeKoropblenpo6nemutc HaKfloHaMli H cnhparbHbrMl4 cKpyt{HBaHucMn BnepeA,npoAonbHbrMh no3BoHor.l{}4Ka,a raKxe c rexHnKaM[/ rpe6yrcuqnmn 6onuu.roi cr,irbr. Maluri pocr npn orHocrTenbHo KoporKr,rxHorax h pyKax h orHocnrerbHo AnnHHoMrynoBHqe no3Bon9er c nerKocrbrclocBanBarb 6agoeute cxloBbte aneueHtbr, 6anaHcrpoBor{Hble rexH}rKH, my6orcue nporn6u Ha3aA, -auirnxyrule H Konbr{eBbreHaKroHbt/ pa6ory c KoneHHbrun, ra3o6eApeHHbrMr4u roneHocronHbrMHcycraBaMh. floarouy Ha onpeAeneHHou 3Tane qeroBeKy, o6na4arou{eMy raKHM crpoeHheM opranrvecxofi KoMnoHeHTbr gHeprerrqecrcoi cfpyKTypbt, AnA coxpaHeHhn a$Qex.THB[{OCT1,i yCJTOXHeHnpaKT}rKHnphXOAl4TCC HaXOAr4Tb ynpaxuexnil grhx rrnoB. -?aroAnF Hero HbreBaphaHTbr
7l oKa3brBapTcnBnonHe AocraroqHbrMl46asosste BapHaH"nepenfleraHHg" Tbf "y3roBblx 3aMbrKaHvlil",rpe6ynqrx "o6BhBaHnA" pyK H Hor, KoHeqHocreftaorpyr cKpyqeHTytOBHr4a. HOrOhnH CflO)KeHHOTO Tnxenurfi Ta3 npr4 y3Kr4x nner{ax rpe6yer npilIqeHeHhc ycnoxHeHHblx BaprlaHToBacaH, npeAycMaTpHpa6ory Ha paBHoBecne crl4r n crort B To )Ke Baptoqtqhx BpeMn ynpou{afl eur6op acaH Ha paBHoBeche a croftKe Ha pyKax... Koxrperxan pa6ora c ycnoxHeHHbrMr4 BapLraHTaM[ acaH BcerAa nH4vlgvl[yanbHa.ToqHo raK xe/ KaK [HAhBH.qyaneHnpoLtecc no[cKa ycloxHeHHblx TexHhK AJ]F KaxAoro KoHKperHoro npaKTnKypqero. floraran, rro onrcaHhlo ycnoxHeHHbrxBapHaHToBrMeeT cFlbrc,tnocBnrhrb orAenbHylo pa6ory, pacci{hraHHy}oHa orpaHn,-reHHurfiKpyr oco6o 3aHHTepecoBaHHblx npaKTtaKyrc1414X.
llpnnqnn nporpeccngHoi TpenlpoBnx l-aaaFrurfi nphHqhn npaKTnKHnp6ofi TexHolorxr hHTerparbHororpeHuHra- Bbr3oB.TpennpoaxapaAta npocroro "noAAepxaHHg $opmut" nphHuhnnanbHo yulep6na h BeAerK AerpaAaqlrr. B rax,qofi TpeHhpoBKe Aocrhraru 6onuutero, qeM 6urnoAocrurHyro B npeAbrAyulefi, Ao6parbcqAo npeAena cBohx Bo3MoxHocreiln qyrb-r{yrbnpeasofirncaMoro xarxa-iorn. Sygyura ce6n - TaKoB nyrb npaKTr4Kr4 ilorunom, rl4uHacruqecKt,ie BnonHeocBoeHHbrMr rpexilpoBorrHuerexHhKn xarxa-fiorh yrpaqhBator Anr Hero 3HaqhrerbHyp Aonrcl csoefi aS$errraHocrl4, npeBpaqatcb B "aBToMarrqecKyro pyruxy". ,Qnn roro.qro6u coxpaHhTbH pa3BhTboco3HaHHocTb B xoae TpeH.hpo-
72 BoqHoro npoqecca n Aocrhqb MaKchMaflbnoroeQ$erra npu MAHnManbHbrx3arparax BpeMeHn xa co6crsexFto TpeHhpoBKy,hMeeT cMblcn nonb3oBaTbc9KaK MoxHo 6onee croxHbrMh r43 AocryftHbtx acaH. 9eN4 caoxHee acaHa, TeM 6onee yHHBepcanbHbtMoKa3btBaercflee eogAeficrehe Ha aHeprerhqecKylo crpyKTypy. CyutecrByeT orpoMHoe qHclo TpeHhpoBo'.tHbtx TexHhK xaTxailorn - or ocHoBHsrx6asoeutx acaH Ao cBepxcloxHbtx BaphaHToB.Heroropute h3 nocleAHnx 3a Bcto r4crophto qefioBeqecTBa yAaBanocb ocBot4Tb rlhtllb oTAenbHbtM xanEolee BbrAatoqnMcnMacrepaN4.SnaroAapq raKoMy pa3Hourl4poKoMycneKTpy 3IeMeHTOBnoTeHLlhanbHoe o6pasue h ypoBeHb cnoxHocrl4 cocraBneHHbtx143Hhx Bo3MoxHbrxrpeHhpoBovHbtxnocneAoBarenunocteftne t{Metor npeAena. flrc6ofi npaKTnKyrcr4nir,rcarcrM6ur eurcoKr4Mxr Ssrn ero ypoBeHb rpeHhpoBaHHocrtl,Moxer aathrvtAaq ce6s s xarxa-fiore 4ocroilxr,rfi aurgoe h reM caMbrMAocrl4t{beule 6onuu.rerocoBep[.rJeHcrBa. l-runacrnqecKre npaKTrKn xarxa-ftoril orHocsrcq K Karerophm nar6onee :$QerrnBHbtx rpeHhpoBoqHbtx TexHhK/ no3ToMy Anfl ocBoeHhq acaH B?AA nA CTOhT nonb3oBarbcnKaKhMn-nn6o"noABoAqu.lt4r'rt4" ynpaxneHL4AMvr. 3aqem nphMeHqrb MeHeea$QercrneHyp rpeHtapoBoqHyp rexHnKy Ane ocBoeHnq6onee aS$errranoft TpeHrpoBoqxoi xe rexnnrn? He qenecoo6paaxee nr cpa3y nonb3oBarbcnTeM, qTo Aaei MaKChMyM TpeHrpytoqero eosAeficlsran?flpocro - nocreneHHo, or npo-. cToro K cnoxHoMy, h oqeHb-oqeHbBHhMaTerbHo... . Kpoue' Toro, KaxAaR'acaHa qBrqercq npocrpaflcraeFJHofi nnrpoiroxQrarypar-1Nefi sHeprerhqecroficrpyKrypbr,. oSecnequeatoqefi Qopunpoeaxrae pe3oHaHcHbrx3oH B onpeAeneFrxoftnoloce.ar6paqroHHbtx xapaKTeprcThK; 9em caoxxee npHMeHgeMbtgB npaKTr4Ke,Kof{,nneKcbtacaH,, TeM,6oree BbtcoKoqacrornbte Bl,t6-'
73 pallll14e 6oree urhpoKoMAhana3oHe qacror craHoonrct Bocnpilqrhp npaKTuKyroqero. 9em cnox. .qocrynHbrM14 Hee acaHa, TeM BblurexapaKTepHanAnq Hee nnoTHocTb pacnpeAeneHhF 3HepFh14B 3oHe marccumanunoriKoHqeHTpaqhh cy6craxqn14"ToHKhx" KoMnoNeHT 3HepreTh.recKofi crpyKTypbt (ro ecru B npocrpaHcrBeHHblx npe"rph3tlAerax/ orpaHhqeHHbrx3oHoil cyrqecrnoBaHHfi qecKoro refla"), coorBercrBeHHoreM 6oree rBHbrMoKa"neprSepnqecrrfi orKrHK". EcrecreexF{o,r.rro 3brBaercq ronQraryprapyorilrfi eQSercr rarcofi acaHbr 6y4er cyu{ecrBeHHee/ qeM ee 6onee npocrbrx (uexee nnorHo "3aKaqhBaloulr4xgHeprmto" B cl4creMy) axanoroe" 9ro nerg6exno Aenaer ee npeAnoLrrnrenbHohnpn err6ope narSoaee paAilKanbHbrx rexHr,lK/ HanpaBneHHbrxHa pacu.rhpeHileAhana3oHa BocnpnATvlAh coBepueHcrBoKaK BrpTyanbHOrOk{HCTpyMeHTa, BaHl,|9CO3HaHmfi
llpnnqnn pa3BnTlrf, ecTecTBeHHocTll TpeH ltpoBorr HoRnpaHTnrl Cuurcn nporpecchanour rpenhpoBKr4- He B ToM/ qro6st "Tyno HaBn3brBarb"cr4creMeHenochlbHute $op"3aroHATb" Mbf 14,HeB3hpaq HH Ha gro, Teno B HeKylo HoByroAnn Hero HenochnbHyrochryaqno. Ecam Qopma ynpaxHeHhg cnhlljKoM TpyAHoAocTt4xl4Ma, ero coAepxaHile He pacKpoeTc9 BocnpnRTwonpaKThKylou{ero. Cmurcn npaKTHKr4acaHbr KaK TaKoBofi- a rola; qro6ur npoqyBcrBoBarb BHyrpeHHe-coAepxaHne,SopMbr, oco3Harb . ecrecraennuil 4nn Hee "pl4cyHoK pact npegefieHHA g+eprnut" t4, r.loFrb3ytebAblxaHhemKaK HHcTpyMeHroM ynpaBneH'1e pacnpeAeleHheM,.3HeprHHi ".pr4cyHor<1' MaxchManbto 3Hepr€ThqecKyl cgenarh 3Tor HacbrtfleHmbllr,To ecTb, c MaKct+maflbxofta$QeKThnt{o.i
75
74 crbro rtclonb3oBarb Qopmy KoHKperHofi acanur KaK Qaxrop ynnorHeHuc pacnpeAeneHhfl sHeprHH B crpyKTyp€, xarc Qarrop $opulrpoBaHue pe3oHaHcHbtxorKnhKOB.
Ovear4xo,'{To nerqe npoqyBcrBoBarb gHeprerhr+ecKyro cyulHocru Qopubt B Tex acaHax, Koropbte AocrynHbr Anfl BbrnolHeHt,tt.B 6onee cloxHbtx r{pe3MepHoe HanpnxeHhe h xeycrofitnBocrb Qopr'lur e neroropofi Mepe npenttrcrByror "ToHKoMy"Bocnphgrhlo. C 4pyrofi cropoHbt, nonHocrbto ocBoeHHbte npocrsre Qopubr AoBorrbHo6urcrpo ucqepnbtBanr ce6R, nocKonbKy He Aator xeraeMoro aQSerra - npnHqhnnanbHo AocrhxrMbrfi c nx noMoqbro ypoBeHb ynnorHeHHn pacnpeAeneHHq3Heprnh B chcTeMeyxe AocThrHyT, BocnprnTile nphyLteHo rc pa6ore B coorBercrBytoqeM Ahana3oHer, uroSsr ABnrarbcn Aanbue/ HyxHo npeAbqBhrb ct4creMeBbt3oBa Qoplre 6onee cnoxnoil acaHbt, Rannrculeficn pa3BhrreM ncuepnaeu:efi ce6q 6onee npocrofi. Ho aro AonxHo cnyqilTbce ecrecrBeHHuruo6pa3oM, caMo no ce6e, KaK xehs6exHurft pe3ynbrar npaKrhKh. Mur He HaBR3btBaeM chcreMe HoByloAnF Hee crTyaqhlo, a e raxofi-To MoMeHTBApyr o6napyxr,rBaeM, qro'TaKae crTyaqhq yxe cnoxhracb. Mur ne crpeMhMcq 3arHarb reno B cnoxHyro acaHy, Mbt npocro e xarofr-ro MoMeHr BApyr o6uapyxnaaeu HeAocraroqHocrb npoc.roit n, opueHTupyncb Ha BHyrpeHHhe oqyulenu+t reHeprpyeMbre acauofi, HaxoAhM Tor BapfiaHT ycnoxHexrn Qopubt r,t ror cnoco6 ocyqecrBneHhq raKoro ycnoxHeHH,|, KoTopbte BocnpHHl4MapTCf, HaMh KaK Hah6onee ecrecrBeHHbteH 3HeprerhqecKh o6ocxoaaxxbre. Cnrxanom Ang Hat{ana noncKa h npnMeHeH}rgHoBof 6onee caoxnofi - $opr,rur,.qBnspqeficn pasaraTtaeMAaHHofr xoHxperxofi 6onee npocrofr acaHbt, clyxrr oulyuteHhe HanH,lhR,"cgo6oAHoroMecra', I crpyK-
rype BHyTpeHHero SHepreThrrecKoro Tena, conpoBoxAalouleecn oulyqeHHeM npnBbrr{HocTt4,,lerKocTH n n3pqAHoro "3anaca npoqHocrh" B cocroflHhr4 opraHh'{ecKoro rena. HeyAoenerBopr4TenbHannnorHocrb pacnpeAe,reHhfl aHeprhn BHyrph npu nonHofi noAroxrpenbHocrl4 Bole exeurxefi Qoplrur - npH3HaK Toro, qro AaHHae $opua Moxer 6urru paaeltra B 6onee cnoxHyro. Tarnm o6paaou, rfiaBHbtMorn'tqheM acaHbt or r{hcro SnsrynbrypHbrx rilMHacrhr{ecKhx ynpaxHeHnh sarreTcn npropHTeTHocTb oco3HaHHRBHyTpeHHHX3HepreThqecKHx npoqeccoB KaK hcToLrHrKaH cMbrcna cyulecrBoBaHHe aHeuJFrefi Qnarvecxoi $opmur.
lneprerrrecfiancyrqlfocrb acailu l-lurrarscR ocBauBarb gce 6onee n 6onee cnoxHbte acaHbr xeo6xoAruo. Ho ronbKo no Mepe Bo3HHKHoBeHvtn outyt4eHHc 3HeprerhLtecrcofi HeAocraroqHoqrh craBulnx nphBbrqHbrMh npocrbrx $opt"t. flnr aroro acaHa AorxHa 6urru acaxoin, a He npocro rilMHacrlaqecKhM ynpaxHeHne?l vnv arpo6arnvecKrM 3TroAoM.flenqercn xe oHa rarcoaoil, ecnh ee BHeuJHnnQopua crpot4Tcn Ha ocHoBaHHh BHyrpeHHefi. eHeprern.{ecrofi qenecoo6paaHOCTh.
"Teep4an nnorHar MrtrKaR nerKas - TaKoBa acaxa"1. Taep4oe nnorHoe 3HeprerilqecKoe reflo, MRrKoe paccna6reHHoe opraHhqecKoe. B np6oft acaHe $opr"ra opraHui{ecKoro Tena AonxHa KaK MoXHO norrHee COxpaHrrb ceoficrso ecrecraeHnofi paccna6nemxocrr Tena a xala6onee HenpHHyxAeHHoMnonoxetalt . 3ro Heo6xo4ur"ro Ans roro, .lro6rr He Hapyulancn ecrecrBeHxuri pr4cyHoK pacnpeAen€Hhn AecRTh npaH. Tor4a 1 naraHAxann. i'lgra-cyrpa.
76 caoicrgexHurfi co6creexHo acaHe phcyHoK nepepacnpeAeneHua Sneprnn rapMoHhqHo HaKna,qblBaercnHa pacnpeAeneHHe3Heprnn B cncTeMe, ynnoTHflfl ero coo6pasHo co6creexxofi crpyKrype acaHbt. BnyrpenHee craHoBhrcq 6onee nnorHbtM t4 TBepAbtM npu ycnoBnn MnrKocrt4n paccla6neHHocrh BHeluHero. Ecrecraenxo, ecnt4 AnA npmAaHhg reny nonoxeHhq, caoficreeFtHoFo roil vnn naoh acaHe, onpeAeneHHbte rpynnbt Mbl.lJl_l AonxHbl 6utru xanpcxeHbt Ao npeAena/ hx HeBo3MoxHo paccaa6urb, He HapyulhB Oopr"ry acaHbt. O4naro ace Mbrtrlqbr,HanpcxeHhe Koropbtx He flBnqercc Heo6xo4hMbrMycloBheM coxpaHeHhnQopr'luracaHbt, paccna6nenur1. B aroM clyvae xapaKTepHoMyAnq AaHHofi rcoHrperHofi acaHbl nepepacnpeAeneHhpaHeprhn B chcreME HNqTO HE MEUJACT,
Heo6xo4r,t'lo oco3HaBaHhecocronHtls BHeluHero il BHyrpeHHero. OcogxasaHneM BHeuJHeroAocrnraercq coBepuleHcTBo Qopr'lur, oco3HaBaHheM BHyTpeHHero Aocrhratorcq Bocnphnrhe noroKoB 3Heprrr n eopue n cnoco6xocrb ynpaBnsrb nMA nocpeAcrBoM AbtxaHrq. 14xrerpaqre oco3HaBaHhq BHelrtHero h BHyrpeHHero no3Bonqer hcnonb3oBarb AbtxaHAe AnA Toro, .{ro6ut "Bflr4Tb" TeIo B Qoppty acaHbt, Acaxa He 3acrbtBuan crarhqecKaq $opma, a npollecc - ABhxeHre. flocne roro KaK BHer.uHee ABHxeHhe, nphBoA9u{eeTeno B cooTBeTcTBylOU{ee noroxeHile, 3aKOHr.tHIOCb, OCTaeTCfl ABhX(eHheBHyTpeHHeenpoqecc nepepacnpeAeneHhq3Heprt4u.tA ro, N Apyroe ' ynpaBngercq AbtxaHueM, n6o npoLlecc "BTeKaHhfl,, BHeuJHero a $oplly rexe ynpaBneercn ou.lyu{eHheM .qBrxeHN93Heprhh BHyTpt4. ' I Oco6oe3HaqeHffehMeer paccna6neHnernaAxofi uycKyflaTypbrBHyrpeHH!4x opraHoB.
77 CQopr'lnpoaaeuhficfr B pe3ynbrare yAepxa.Hnn acaHur p14cyHoKpacnpeAeneHhc 3Heprhn B chcTeMe (nocne roro KaK oH nepecra.n r3MeHflrscn) Hcnorb3yercR ABonKo - KoK o6rercr co3epllaHhq t4 Ka-KltcxoAHoe pacnpeAeneHheAne cneAyloulero ujara h3MeHeHrq.
llepexoAnHe ABxHeltrR Cosepuanre o$opr"rmBulerocephcyHKa pacnpeAereHr4fl3Heprhr B chcTeMeBHyTpeHHero 3HepreThqecKoro Tena no3BonqeT oulyTr4TbTeKyu.lyroTeHAeHLlhlor,13MeHeHhfl 3TOrO pacnpeAeneqvl'. v1 coilacoBaTb c Herc ecrecrBeHHopa3BhBarculeeee ABhxeHne nu6o HenoABhxHocrb opraHhltecKoro rera. Tarc ocyu{ecrBnffercq nepexoA r: ogHoil acaHbrB ecrecrBeHHoh rapMoHt4LtHo cneAyloulyo sa xefi Apyryp c ilcnoflb3oeaHreMnepexoAHbrx 4srxeurfr, nau6oaee Llenecoo6pasnurx AnA AaHHoro KoHKperHoro MoMeHTa.BosMoxeFt BapraHT, KorAa ABhxeHhe "yxo4rr BHyrpb", npeBpaqaflcb B norpyxeHhe BHnMaHhr Bo Bce 6onee n 6olee "ToHKHe" cnoh 3HeprerhqecKofi crpyrcrypur. Tar poxAaercn co3epqaHhe ycrpoficrea oHepreruqecrcofi crpyKrypbt KaK hHTerpanbnoro o6pa3oBaHhe n o6peraercn KoHTponb HaA pacnpeAerleHheMe Heh 3Heprrh.
78 qaH$e B noAaBnrpqeu 6oluurnxcrBe cnyqaeB TaKXe hMeer reHAeH[54opacrtrhBarbcn Bo apeuenra). BoglroxHblx BaplraHToBcrunefi BbtnonHeHhqnepexoAHblx 4erxexnil - MHoxecrso. Ecru cnoco6ur xecrKtae].rMflrKre, 6ucrpure h MeAneHHble,c npropnrernofi orcrpoftrofi "ToHKofi" crpyKrypbt, conpoBoxgaeuoil ".qosoArcofi" noroxeHun QnluvecKoro rena, n c npnopnrernofi orcrpoilrcofi noloxennR SnanlecKoro rera, conpoBoxAaeMoro "HanonHeHheM" aHeluiefi $opr.,tur "ToHKr4M" coAepxaHheu. CytqecrBytor raKxe MHoroqhcreHHbre cnoco6ur xou6nxnpoBaHilq pa3rrr{Hbtx pexhr'ioBH Soppr nepexoAHbrxABilxeHnil. OarrnqecKh ct4cTeMa cnoHTaHHOCaMOOpraHH3yroU_lhxc9 nepexoAHbtx AuHaMhLtecKilx Sas acaH Ha AocraroLtHo Br,rcoKoM ypoBHe pazanru+ TpeHhpoBounoil nparcThKr qBrrercn TeM, qTO B 4anbHeBOCTOr{Hbtx CHcTeMaxhHTerpanbHoro TpeHhHra c HeAaBHeroBpeMeHhnphHqro o6oguaqaru TepMhHoM"qrryH"l - t4cKyccrBoMynpaBr'teHhnnoroKaMH"xt43sengofi chrbt". He 6y4yvra HHKaKTepMilHoflorni{ecKr1o6osxaqeHHbtM, 3To hcKyccrBo cyqecrBoBaJro BcerAa B KaqecrBe xeorueMreMoft KoMnoHeHTbl npaKTilKr4 acaH. l-lparrrry cnnTHoro BbtnonHeHnqacaH B eAhHoMnoroKe nepereKarcqnx oAHa B Apyryrc Sopu, r.tyBCTBOBaHUil ocHoBaHHylo Ha HHTy!4ThBHOM nCHXO3Heprerhqecxofi lorilKu ABhxeHnq h oco3HaHnn a+yrpexHero noroKa n3MeHeHHRcocroRxnfi .rarc no6y4raTerbHoro MorhBa, o6oaxaqaor repmHHoM "acaHa. gxapa" - noroK nonoxeHrft rena. Taxxe hcnonb3ylor "noroK TepMHHbt )'xarxa-,qxapa" cv1nbl", "xarxa"TaHeq "lllHea-xala" - "TaHeLllllhBbt"r Hara" cnnbft,
1 TepunH "qnryHo 6ern aae4eH B lrtrpoKoe ynorpe6nellhe I cepeAhxe XX e.
79
flruame Boofqe Ocogxanue... clem AnhHHee xH3Hb, TeM 6on,sue MoxHo ycnerb. Ecnr Aonxnuim o6pa3oM norb3oBarbcR BpeMeHeM xh3HHr... ,Qnnreruxocru xn3Hh onpeAenqercfl AbtxaHheM. KaxAol.ly qenoBeKy Ha xil3Hb "ornyuleHo" ero rrr{Hoe cfporo onpeAeneHHoe KonhqecrBo HeKOTOpbtx "cpe4Hilx" 4urxarenbHbtx LlhKnoa. l4cvepnaB cBoe AblxaHhe, qenoBeKyMhpaeT. l-loauruleHHagilHTeHcHBHocrb AbtxaHhR- To, or Lte"ornyuleHHoe" qenoBeKy Ha oAHy xh3Hb ro Bo3Moxnoe KOnhqefiBo AbtxaTenbHblxrlhKnoB MoxeT yMeHbujaTbcf, . Ycnaexnan BeHTrreLlHAycunvtBaer rasoo6ueH n reM caMbrM"Bbrxr4raer" xH3HeHHbtfipecypc opraHh3Ma. CnnxeHreM ilHTeHcHBHocrt4 AbtxaHhq KonhqecrBo noTeHqhanbHo Bo3MoxHbtx AblxaTelbHblx l_luKnoBMoxer 6urru yBenHqeHo. Aea nyrn yBenrLteHhn npoAonxhrenbHocrl4 xh3H14- CHnXeHhe hHTeHCnBHOCTT4 AbtXaHVgn yBenHqeHhe AnHTenbHocTH AbrxaTenbHoroqrKna. Ymenuu:enne rny6nnbt AbtxaHhn nph coxpaHeHnh o6ur,'rxofiero nHTeHchBHocrhHe ecrb nyru. Orsronornr{€cK14OHO MOXeT Ka3aTbCnOnpaBAaHHbtM,nocKonbKy onTrMu3t4pyeTcooTHoueHile nocTynneHHnKhcnopoAa A HaKonreHlte yrneKhcroro rdsa B opraHh3ue. O4uarco AnF pa3BilTrq,oco3Haxrn rpe6yercrt HHrerpanbHaq onTr4Mh3a qrq cocroe Hr,lnecefi exeprfi h qecKofi crpyrrypsr B qenoM, "l43onupoBaHxoil'ronrrMh3alln14 opraHrLtecrcofi rounoHeHTbt xeAocraiovHo. fla 3To 14HeBo3MoxI CM. Ceaulr [IjneaHaxAa. Hora.repanue.-K.: CoSrn, 1994, 1996, 7997, tggg.
80
81
"qilcro xo. flonurrKh Suzuonornq€goli" onr!4Mr3aqHHB KOfiqe KOHr..lOB H14K qeMy He nphBoART,nocKonbKyAaer "ToHKhx" ce6g sxaru aHeprernLtecKaqHeAocraroqHocrb KOMNOHEHT.
"BeHtuasnutfi . O6urqnoe AbrxaHile- cBoero poAa npoqecc", peryarapyrcqnfi nocrynneHne 3Heprht4 B "ToHKre" KoMnoHeHTbr 3HeprernltecKoficrpyKTypbtr ee HaKonreHhe B Hhx. l-ny6nna h norHora AbtxaHnnxapaKTephcrv'tKv1 | oT Koropblx HenocpeAcrBeHHo3aBr{"BeHThnbHan"a$QercT]4BHocrb. ctaTero Taruu o6paeou, eAhHcreeHHutilqenecoo6paeHuni pacTsrhBaHhe AblxanyTb .onThMh3aLlhl4AbrxaHhqTenbHorouhKna npn coxpaHeHhHHopManbHohrny6nnu H nolHorbr AbtxaHhs. t{acrora AbtxaHilRh ero hHTeHcr4BHocrbraKnM cnoco6opt Moryr 6utru yuenb[IleHbt B HecKonbKopaa 6ea yulep6a Anq nchxo3Heprerrqecrcofi aQ$errreHocrr4 AbrxaHhq. [ononnrrerbHoe cyqecrBeHHoenoBbrueHr4encnxo3Heprerrqecrot4 aS$eKTi4BHocrh AbrxaHhe B npoqecce rpeHrpoeoqxofi npaKThKH nphMeHeHheMcneqnanbHblx TexHilqecKnx AOCThraeTcq npueMoB,KoTopbr€onhcaHblHhxe. Tpa4nqnoxxo 14HTeHcnBHocrb AbtxaHhq B xarxaBbtAbtxaeMoro crpyvt fiore nprnnrb oqeHhBarb no AnHHe Bo3Ayxa. FloA .qarxoh ctpyn noHrMaercn MaKchManbHoe paccronHhe or xoa4pefi, Ha KoropoM nyx Ha nrrqbeM nepe eqe rone6nercfl Bo BpeMq aur4oxa1. "grr4Hy Oqexrearor Bbr4oxa" B nHAvllvtAyanbHblxeAilHhqax - "nonepeLtHbrxnaFrbqax".Opraxrsu qenoBeKa "paccanraH" "nponycKaHhe" "cyr'tHa onpeAeaeHHofi uapxofi AnnHbr 4brxaHilF" 3a xh3Hb. l4cvepnae cBoro AnvHy AbrxaHa4n/qenoBeK yMhpaer. Kopperqrn Bo3t Vlnu vtnauManbHoe,Ha Koropom oH yxe He rcone6ner-
l4oxHoro cyMMapHoro KolHqecTtsa .qbrxarenbHbtxt_lhKnoB ocytqecTBlneTcfl 3a cqeT HsMeHeHUqT4HTeHChBHOcT],1 AbtxaHh9. MarccrmanuHoil r xreHch BHocrl4AbtxaHhe Aocrnr€er e xah6onee HeKoHTponhpyeMbtxcocronHl,trx -- Bo BpeMn 3aHqrni ceKco,ll', Bo BpeMF cHa' nplt cnoHTaHHbtx peaKuhcx opraHh3Ma Ha XeCTKt4encr43r4Or_$4OHanbHbrx xonorhqecKle H npoqhe cTpeccbt/a TaKXe nph 3aH9T14qx cnopToM-. B rpenrpoaosnoil npaKThKe xarxa-ilorh MaKcHMarlbHaqhHTeHchBHocTb AbtxaHhq HMeeTMecTo B npoqecce BbtnonHeHr.cAbtxaTeflbHbtxTexHhK/ npeAycMaTphBalou{Hx BeHTHnhpyroqee{4 rhnepBeHTrnHpyroqee "Qnsilvecrcoro" AbtxaHhe. Ha ypoane Te,1aoHu noAroTaBRnBatoT OpraHhqecKoeTeno K npaKT[Ke pacTqrhBaHrr AblxaHna (e roM Ltncne B Tex ynpaxHe.Htlx, rp'e caMo no ce6e meAneHHoepoBHoe HenpepbtBHoeAblxaHt4e- yxe noqrh no4enr), 3a cqer qero Aocrhraercrl 3Haqnrenbno 6onuuras crenel.tb-yAnhHeHhq AbtxarenbHoro LlhKna, qela 6eg rarori noAroroBKt4.Ha ypoane "ToHKt4x"KoMnoHeHT BeHThnhpytotlre h rhnepBeHThnnpy|ot4ile TexHhKh oqilularcT 3HepreThLtecKhenoToKl4 r o6ecneqhBator ynnorHeHhe pacnpeAereHilq 3Heprhh t hMeercc B Br.tAy o6urqxsrfr qenoge!.tecxni cexc. B n p a K T h K eA r n o f i b H b t x T p e H r p o B o r { H b tTx e x H i l KA b t x a H i l eK O H r p o n H p y e T c c n o c p e A c T B o Mn p h M e H e H h qr e x H h K r t 4 n a n p a Ha9Mbt. 2 "Cpe4nhft pocr qenoBeKa cocraBrger.qeBqHocro uecrb nanbqeB. Pnnna xe o6srqHoro BhlAoxa paBHaABeHaAqarJ4. flpn neHun BbtAox yBenhqfiBaerce Ao trecrHaAqarn nanbq€B, npr xo4s6e - Ao ABaAUar[ qerbtpeX, .Bo.cH€- .eo rpvAqaTn, npn nonoBoM cHoueHilh - Ao Tpt4AttarhujecTh, a Bo BpeMcrcxenofi pa6orur - eu.le6onee. .Ymessu.teHneM rqrhHbt BbtAoxa npoAonxilTenbHocTbxt43Hn y Benneuaaercs" (" l-xepaH4a-Cauxlrra,,5. 86, 5. 97, 5. gg).
82 B cl4creMe- cBoero poAa "hMnynbcHylonogra.{Ky" aHeprernqecrcofi, crpyxTypbl, B qacrHocru, Tex ee 3neMeHTOB/KOTOpbteOTBeqanT3a pacuhpeHHe Bocnphernn. OAnaxo Ha yMeHr4l4Aeflarb t43 BocnphHqroro B pe3ynbTare pacuJMpeHhR BocnpnATAeBblBoAbl,KoTopbte Hmenr 6ut gxaqenne Ann pa3Brrhq oco3HaHhq1 lro HA= KaKHMoco6rru o6paaom, KaK npaBhrro, He cKEl3btBd€T: cn. filn toro qro6ur Aenarb KoppeKTHbteBbtBoAbl,H€: o6xogrm peanunurfi xh3HeHHblfionurr - onblr Saxrn. qecKoro npoxrBaHhg, npoqyBcTBoBaHh9, ocMbtcneHhfl , noHnMaHhst4 oco3HaHhnpa3Hoo6pasxurx. crryaqnfi. B HaKOnreHHh H peanH3aquil TaKoro onblTacMblcn xri3H14qenoBeKa B qenoBeLtecKoMcot_leryue.l-lparcrrrca AbrxarenbHbrx rexH14K, KaKlle 6et $axracrrvecKhe SynrqnoxarbHbte Bo3MoxHocrl4oHa HH orKpbtBana nepeA aHepretr.{ecrcofi crpyKTypofi nparcrrary}oulero, Moxer 6utru rhuJb AononHeHheMK npaKThKeoco3HaHHoro He-AesHhRB xr43HH KaxAoro AHR, Koropan, co6craenHo, h ecrb nyrb o6perexrn ncHXoaHeprernqecroi 6esynpevxocrn. l-logroMy BeHT,lnhpyrolrlilex rhnepBeHThnrpyloll|he TexHHKhnMeeT CMblcnhcnonb3oBaTborpaHnqeHHon nnwb raM/ rAe gro AeficrBhrelbHo xeo6xoAhMo,- qro6ur He coKpaqars ce6e xH3Hb. h6o npoAOflXnTenbHOCTb X1,13H14BO MHOTHX CnyqaqX MOXeT hMeTb peuanrllee 3HaqeHue Anq AocTHXeHhC nOTeHLlhanbHo AocrynHoro .qaHHoMy UHAABnAy R ,qaHHoM ero Bonno|lleHHh ypoBHfi oco3HaHht. B ocxoexoM xe 6asoBge AbtxaH14e B npaKTrKe xarxa-fiorn - poBHoe, or{eHb MeAneHHoe, oqeHb nrlaBHoe,
HenpepblBHoeu ceo6oAHoe. B oco6exnocrn BaxHo Ao6hrucc raKoro AblxaHrn B xan6onee HanpqxeHHbtx acaHax h cBfl3Kax, n6o aro ecrb oAhH h3 npaKTllqecKhx 9reMeHToB, nocpeAcrBoM Koropbtx o6peraercn KoHTponb xaA Cnnofi
[parrnte luxanrc x rpelxpoBoqnat He Aonxno AbtxaHre Hr ocraHaBrhBarb, hh ocraenRTb erO Ha npOh3BOrl/HOOBnaAeBnM, B Hl"lTb]gKyqgr6 3OnOTa ero npeBpaThTb, AparoLleHHble xe\uyxnxur acaH Ha Hee HaHh3ae.146oAbrxaHheM.eBraxerqqCuna. reno xe ABhxercn Ee noroKaMh. Tarc npaxlhKyeTcn acaHa. O6ysAaFrtae AbrxaHhnh ero yAn[HeHne €cru cuurca 14cyulHocru ecnroil rcrrHHofi TpeHrpoBKl4. V16o nnwu nocpeAcrBoM 3Toro AbrxaHile caMo coyreepxAaercn e 6es4urxaHHocn4. 6oii EcrecreexFrofixe 6esAsrxaHHocrblotnoroK cyerbl B KonoBpaqeHhh BHXpno6ut.qeHnoroco3HaHhnhpeo6pa3yercfl e 6egl,ronehepaBHoBecrn. OraneqeHhe qyBcrB caMonpoh3BonbHonoboxAaer_ cR Bo3HhKapu.leilor aroro orpeueHHocrbp. Bnnuaxne BTflrhBaerce B cepeAnHy n raM cocpe4oTOLIhBAETCR.
TorAa poxAaercn co3epllaHhe - HH K qeMy He npHBg3aHnoe,rierocrHoe h Hh c KaKhM4efic1gheM He conpRxeHHoe. KorAa xe co3epuaHhe He nMeer Hr4KaKof qeru, Aaxe cauoil rrro HH ecrb HanBurcurefi,oHo caMonpolt3BOTbHOOxBarbrBaerBctOcsepy oco3HaHilc. Flocxonuxy Her Hhqero, qro orpaHhehBdJlg 6ur ero cocpeAoroqeHr4eMHa acneKTax 6srrun, nycrb Aaxe Ha Tex, KoTopbrMBce noABnacTHo. OrpeuexxbrM xe co3epqaHreu 6ecxox€\Hocrr.r, B xoropofi nponBneHHoen HenponBneHHoeB pdgxoeecilh eAnHCTBa cyLqecTByloT caMOAOCTaTO'{HO,aeperexae r Keaana-xym6xaxofi.
8s
84 Bocnphnrnn EguApyr B hpyra coo6paaHo h3MeHeH!4flM r+urrqce6q caMoro; nocThxeHne ncrhHHoro ycrpoficraa Mnpa nopoxAaercs. 3xaHre xaMepennt n osnaAeHhe r4cKyccrBoMynpaBneHrn hM cneAyer. Yuen[e ynpaBnqrb HaMepeHheM Aaer nonHory Bnacrh HaA eorefi. ' Bcqroe AbtxaHhe BcerAa HaqHHaercnc nonHoLleHHoro BbrAoxa. Eeg nero He Moxer 6urru sacroflqero BAoxa. 6eg nacroqqero BAoxa npaKThKanpaHaflMbrHe rMeer cMbrcna,nocKonbKyBAox B xefi - 4eficralre, npn KoropoM npohcxoAhr nornoqenre Cnnur, BbrAoxoMxe Cnna pacnpe4ennercnl.
fiparanma flurxanneB acaHe. Bne4penne B cocroqHile 3HeprerilLrecKororefla ceoicreexHoro acaFiephcyHKapacnpeAeneHile3Heprhh ocyqecrBngercn 3a cqer "Blt4BaHhq"Tera a Soplay nocpeAcrBoMAbrxaHhr. flurxaHne B AaHHoM cnyqae Hcnonb3yercs ABorKo: (1) - KaK cBoero po,qa"penepiiurfi npoqecc", [cnofib3yeuurfi gnn $nrccaqur BHr4MaHhF Ha oqyuleHhfx, npoh3BoAylMbtx e uepenofi crcreue "$r3r4qecKoro"Tena noroKaMh 3Heprhh B KaHarax h npocrpaHcrBeHHbrx 3oHax "ToHKoro"'Tena,r coorBercrBeHHO Anq OTCnexilBaHhnnepepacnpeAeneHhqgHeprnh B Hnx n (2) - KaK "Tphrrepxuri npoqecc" .{ln ynpaeneHnA 3Tr4M nepepacnpeAeneHheM. flo4o6noro poAa oco3HaHHoenphMeHeHheAbtxaHhc npeBpau{aeTero B cBe3yroqee 3BeHo MexAy QuznonornqecKhMt4h 3neKTpoMarHrrHbrMhnpoqeccaMr, nporeKatoqhMh a "$h3N' flpr ycnoBht4/ KoHeqHo/qro xax co6creeHHo BbtAox h BAOX,TaK h BCe Apyrre TpeHt4poBoqHbte TexHhKh npaKThKyIOTC'B COCTO9HI4I4 He-AenaHHt,TO eCTbOTpeueHHo.
.{ecKou" Te.ne,c oAnofi cropol,tbt/ 14oco3HaBaHheMncnxo3HepreTrqecKHx npot_leccoB, npoTeKalol4r4x ,B "co6paHHulx" "$h3rgecrcoM" Ha Tere "ToHKl4x,,Tenax, c 4pyroft. OcosHaxxoe LleneHanpaBneHHoe ynpaBneHue npoqeccaMH nepepacnpeAeneHhq3Heprhn B 3HepreTrqecrcofi crpyKType B LlenoM TpaAhqhoHxo o6oexaL{aercfl "hcKyccrBo ynpaBneHhq T e p M h H o M " n p a H a g M a ""l4cKyccrBo sueprrefi", t nA ynpaBneHiln cnnoh,,r. Ha 1 "Ha4n o q [ u l a p r c r n o c p e A c r B o Mn p a K T n K i ln p a H a q M b r . 3to HecounexHo. Tot xe, Ltbh KaHanbt or{huleHbt, nocrilraer vtctnny, n6o BCe ilCKaXeHl49,ilMe|o[UHeCgB Tere n B co3HaHil]1ero, ilCqe_ 3aloT, Bor npranaKr ol{t4u{eHrfi, cKaxeM o Ht4x KparKo: Teno Aenaercg rapMoHt4r{HbtM/ Hcroqaer npfigrHbtfi cnaAxoearuri a p o M a T .O H o n p e r p a c H o / h $ o p r , l u re r o B o r 4 c r r n y 6 e a y n p e v Hb t .
l4crnua pacKpbtBaetca horuay ao ecefi oqeBt4AHocl4, 6onegnr r ropecrn noKt4Aatorero, c Hl4Mt4yxo.qut 6ona u BcsKat npnqrHa ee. Hrror4a B Tene iorrxa He Bo3HhKaer g n o e o H x u t f in o r , H t 4h c n o p L t e H H o A e b t x a H h e /H r o r p a B n e H H a q crloHa, n qepBu HhKaKt4eHe Moryr nahtn ce6e e HeM npta_ cTaHhl4e. Hu cnn3t, Hh xenqb, Hr BeTep HHKofAa He eutfi4yr ranoA KoHTponsB Tere hornua, oBnaAeBuero LtcKyccrBoMnpaHaeMbr. florouy 6e:6onest{eHHo Moxer oH npene6peltb noCTo9HCTBOM B nVTaHnV H OTAbtXe. lzlne 6y4er BpeAa eMy, cKonb MHoro nhqh oH 6u Hr nornorvnt nu6o xe4oeAan, vnlt xe BoBce He en Hfiqero. Tarc paapyurr uy4purfi KapMy turxeu:xefi csoefi :xn3Hni paBHo KaK r Bcex npouleAuJrx pox4exri. V16onpa'rrnxofi ulecrHaAuarh npaHaqM rcltepnbtBaprcn ece 6narocrn u po6pogerenh, a raKxe o6parHure hx orpaxeHhAl HaKonnBlxt4ecg3a MHOrheBonno.u{eHnq. Qropanr rpex[ H Hequ-crorbl,yMa no4o6xo roMy, KaK.roqe3aer Bara B xapKoM nnaMeHh, Tarc ioruH o6peraer.ceobo_
86 HaqanbHbrxsTanax npaKThKl4BcR npaHanMa cTpoHTcR Ha ynpaBneHH1,rnchxoSHeprerh9ecKHMrl npoqeccaMn nocpeAcrBoM co3epqaHhfl AblxaBnA v ynpaBneHHfl nn. flo lrepe o6perexrn gce 6onuuefi nonHorbt KoHTpoJlg HaA cocroAHvtflMu aHepreruqecxofr crpyKrypbt KaK nHTerpanbHoro Qopmnpopannn aKqeHT B peanlt3aqnn KOHTpOnt nepepacnpeAeneHh9 sHeprhh nocTeneHHo cMeqaercfl B cropoHy ynpaBneHufl nocpeAcrBoM l4cKnloqnTenbHoBHr4MaHilqH HamepeHlrq. fiutxaxre npu npaHanMbt AocAy or nyr sna. flpo4onxeHneMxe npaKTHKu rilraercg ocao6oxgeHheor oxoe Ao6pa. TorAa oBnaAeBaerMoryulecrBeHHuieoceMbp BnAaMn BenHKrxMarnqecKhxcun v, ece 6ypr npeoAoneB,qro 6yrlylor B oKeaHeAo6pa u snat ceo6oAFton 6ecnpenarcrBeHHo crpaHcrByerB Tpex M[pax" ("Unaa-Camxhra"). "He Moxer 6utru cnoroeH yM npr4 HeypaBHoBeueHHoM Abrxaxur4.O6peras xe Bnacrb HaAAbrxaHheu,Aocrhraer iloyMa. rrn ycroiur,rBocrhcocronHr4n noKa rex nop, npaHa ABhxercn B Tene, cocrogHhe Ao Tena uMeHyercnxr43Hbto.KorAa xe rello noKlrHyronpanoi, crtrepTbHacrynaer HeMeAnq.l-lorouy AonxHo aaft|o a tene coxpaH9Tb. flpaHa He hAer B cyuryMHy,H6o qncrora noroKoB He AocrfirHyra.Pa:ae Moxer ycnex Railrucq? H nuu.rurorAa, KorAa nonHbteHeuficror noroKgt6yayr craHer ABnxeHhenpaHbreone fiorraxanoABnacror{t4uleHbl, HO.
floromy rcaxAsrfiAeHb AonxHo npaKrfiKoBarbnpaHarMy TeM caMblMcyuryMHyor Hec yMoM,ucnonHeHHblM caTTEbr; rfrcror ug6asngn. KaX nocreneHHonprpyqator nbsoB, oloHoB n rurpag, raK xe hcKyccrBou BnacrBoBarbHaA npauof, oBnaAeBalor MeAr'teHHo, t,t60ror, KTo nocneulHocrbnpof,enr, 6y4er npaxoroy6rr HenpeMeHHo. l-lpaernuxofi npaxrrxofi npaHaflMbrycrpaHnrcrcs Bce HeAyrr, HenpaalrnbHoixe,npaHanuoXHeAyrilnpno6peranrcn" (Caaruapaua'Xarxa-fr ora flpagnnuraf'). .
8V 3ToMTepser cBoe 3Har{eHhepenepHorou rprrrepnoio npolleccoB,r Ha nepesrfinnaH BbtxoAqrKoHLleHTpaqrF
BHuMaHilq H npcMoe co3epqaHile "ToHKoro" KaK TaKoBOe. Han6onee yAo6Hurlr AnA co3epllaHhff "ToHKHX" n poueccoB, co nyTcTBylolrlt4x npaKTuKe aca Hbt, '| BnFeTcR "pacteopnroulerocn". BAox t4 BbtAox AbtxaHue runa nraBHo nepeTeKaloTApyr B Apyra, AnhTeIbHocTbAblxaTerbHoro LlhKna - KaK MoxHo 6onuute, xo 6es oulyu{eHnA HeAocrarKa KilcnopoAa. ,Qurxanue AonxHo ot{ylt4arbcn rarc rouQoprHoe H Teqb nflaBHo, 6ea purexoe r HeKoHTponhpyeMblx ocraHoBoK. l-ny6nHa AblxaHHrl np14Ht]hnhanbHoro3HaqeHhq He hMeeTrrraBHoe, qro6ur AbrxaHhe 6urno ecrecrBeHHbtM,MeAneHHbtMtA nraBHbrM..Qln roro qro6ur B MaKcnMansnoilcreneHh ilcnolb3oBaTb noTeHqhan rqbtxaHnfl KaK penepHoro H TphrrepHoro npoqeccoB/ hMeer cMbtcn Abtluarb, cnerKa cy3r4BropraHb - TaK, qro6gt qyBcrBoBarb MrlrKoe npoTeKaHfie BO3AyrIlHOi,r crpyn BAonb ee saAxefi creHKh. f-orocoeas t{enb npr 3ToM npoh3BoAur HerpoMKuh wnncu.ie-ryAnqNfi sayrc. 3aMbtKaHhfl nepeAHe-3aAHero xonuqat Ann (eocxo4nulafl BerBb - or npoMexHocrt4 Ao "po4Hh.{Ka" BAonb cepeAhHbl cnnHbt/ HucxoAqtqan - or "po4Ht4,.tKa" Ao npoMexHocrn BAonb cepeAuHbt nepe4Hefi noBepx"q3blKoBoe Hocrl4 TynoBt4qa) rcnonssyor 3aMblKaHne" 4xuxaa-6aHAxy. B gaancilMocrh or HHTeHchBHocrl4 noroKa n rpe6yeuoro ypoBHs ynpaBreHre r4M nphMeHeercn nepeAHuil nnu saAxhfi BapraHrbr Axhx-. ea-6axAxh - "Bo34y[tHtlfr" nnu "orHexHbtfi", hMeHyeMble coorBercrBeHHo safip-xa6xu-MyApa h Axana'1 B4aoccxofi rpaAr,rrlnil'.- npoAonuHciexonuqo, o6paaoBaHHOe 3aAHhMr RepeAHl4M CepeAhHHblrr?u MeprAuaHaMh.
BB ua6xn-my4pa. B nepBoM cnyqae KoHqhK n3btKa yAepxrBaeTcfl 3aMKHyTbrM Ha BepxHlop AecHy HenocpeAcTBeHHo HaA nepeAnrmn ay6aMh, Bo BTopoM- KoHL{l,tK e3brKa Kacaercs, MflFKoFos€6a rar MoxHo rny6xe no6nrxe r saAxefi creHKe ropraHn. Marccnmanuxuril BaphaHT 4xana-xa6xh-MyApbt/ 4ocrnxrmulri lt4tub B pe3ynbrare ycepAHofi nparcrrrcn yBenneeln+ AnhHbl g3brKa/hMeHyercg"KxeHaph-r'lygpofi".Kar npaarfio/ B npoqecce npaKThKh acaHbt, KorAa AbtxaHhe TeqeT n r a B H o h H e n p e p b t B H o ,n p h 1 4 e H g e r c f e a f i t o - x a 6 x t a MyApa -- "Bo34yuJntrfi"eapnaHTAxt4xBa-6an4xr, B KoTopoM KoHr{t4Ks3btKa Bce BpeMfl Kacaercfl aepxneil A e c H b rH a An e p e A n n u ne y 6 a u n . B cryvae, KorAa oqyuleH[ff noAcKa3btBatornpaKTr4KyroqeMy qenecoo6pasnocrb LleneHanpaanennoft KoppeKqhh nororoaofi nrorHocrh pacnpeAeneHrn 3Heprhn B cficTeMe,npt4MeHgrcT pa3nnqHbleTrnbt AbtXaHng C nay3aMh r CneqHanbHblMl,l MbttileqHbtMh MaHn-
nynnqnsunl. ts raqecrae npnMepa MoxHo npt4Becrh anrophrM rn'renct$llKaqhh npnMoro noroKa B cepeAhHHoMKonbqe (aaepx - BAonb cnt4Hbt,BHl43- BAonb nepe4Heft noBepxHocrr ryloar u1a): . noc.neBAoxa 3aAepxnBaloTAbtxaHheh pa3pbtBaloT KoHraKTfl3btKan eepxxeil AecHbt,TeM caMbtMpa3MbrKaflnepeAHlolo Ht4cxoA9lqyrcBeTBb.cepeAhHHoro KonbLla; o BO BpeMg 3aAepxKl4 AbtxaHrq chnbHo cxrMaloT . axalunurfi c$nHrcrep, MbLutlbtnpoMexHocrl4,Ta3o1 Onilcaxut a "Xarxa-fiora-npaAhnhKe" CBarMapaMbr, -'flpauaRue" 6 . K . C . A f i e x r a p a , " U J 1 4 B a - c a M X h r e""l,- x e p a u 4 a c a m x h r e " , B K H h r a x " M ' ; g p a H n p a H a n M a "f l x r , r p e n 4 p s r6 p a x M a q a p h , " F l p a H a n u a "A n 4 p e B a x f l r c c j e r a n A p . f l y v u l e o c BahBaTbfioA KOHTpOneM KOMneTeHTHOTO CneqHanrcTa.
89
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
BoFo ,qHa, cQrxrcrep MoqeBoro ny3btptt H MbtulLlbl BHyTphTa30BOrOnpOCTpaHCTBa,nOAT9rhBatoT K cnHHe t'Marbrfi 6ptou.tHofi npecc" (vacru MbtuJrl 6pror.unoro npecca/ pacnonoxeHHyro Hhxe nynKa) - "KopxeBofi 3aMoK"- tuyna-6aHAxa; noBTopqtor myna-6aHAxy HecKoflbKopas, 4o6reaqcb RBCTBeHHOTO OulyqeHhg noToKa HeKoToporo oulyueHfig, BocxoAfll{ero BAonbcepeAhHbtcnhHbt; BbrrqrhBatorlrleto/ np]4xhMac nop6opo4oK K noAbrpeuxori BbreMKe- no3BoHorrHt4K B uefinou orAe- ero 3aAHnq ne pacrgrhBaercq/ e oco6eFtxocrr4 noBepxHocrb- ropnoeofi 3aMoK ("4xanan,qxapa6an4xa"); noToKHanpaBnfleTcgB 3aTbtfioK; 3aMbrKaHheKoHr{hKaq3btKa Ha MqrKoe H66o csa"4xana-Ha6xra-uy4pa" noroK KoHqeHTpt4An pyercn a o6nacrh reMeHh; noA6opoAoKnoAHr4Maercff/ nepeAHrg noBepxHocrb ueh BbtrerhBaercr - o6parnurfi ropnoeofi 3aMoK (" er na prra-AXanaHAxapa-6an4xa ") ; o4noBpeMeH Ho c BbrnonHeHneMBhnaphra-AxanaHAxapa-6anAxH q3brK cKonb3hr no nd6y BnepeA B nofioxeHile eafip-Ha6xh-MyApbl- noroK npoxoAr4TcKBo3bronoBy BnepeA n KoHt-leHTphpyercq B cepeAhxe n6a, Mo3r " nponhrbtBaerct " eneprneh ; BbrAoxoMnoToK onycKaeTcq BAonb cepeAl4Hbtnepegxei noBepxHocrl4TynoBt4t.l1a B npoMexHocrb; AblxaHhe 3aAepxxBaeTcfl nocne BbtAoxa, no3BoHOr{HhKBbtTFFhBaeTCg OT npoMexHocTl4Ao TeMeHh, qero BHoBb BbrnorHcercs ropnoBoil 3auorc Ans oceBofi xanan ocao6oxAxanaHflxapa-6axAxa AaeTcn Anfl npoBeAeHilq LleHTpanbHoroBocxoAgulero noToKa; BHOBb,ribtno.nHfleTcflMtxd-6asAxa ,u paccna6ne*-,
91
90 Hac nepeAHcc cTeHKa xHBOTa npHXl4MaeTCfl K nO3BOHOqHHKy, 3a CqeT BTrrHBaHt4g XhBOTa nyTeM
noAHsrhn 4ra$paruur (yp4unHa-6au4xa)- amM cr'nuynupyercgBXoxAeHHe3Heprhr a nycrofi cepeAnHnurfi KaHan. Cyu4ecreyorraKxe anrophrMbrnoBbtueHrc nnorHocrr o6parnoro noroKa B cepeArHHoMKonbqe,o6qepacnpeAeneHnR ro noBbrtueHHn nnoTHocTH 3Heprnn B cerh cncreMbrHaAh (6xacrpnxa-npaxanma), o6ulero orl,lqeHhqchcreMbrna4n (nonepeMeHHo-nooqepeAHoe Ho3ApflMh- aHynoMa-BH.noMahnr AbrxaHHepa3HbrMr4 HaAH-uJoAXaHa-npaHanua), nepepacnpeAefleHhqnrorHocrh 3HeprerhLrecrofiHacbru{eHHocrh MexAy npaaoil ra nesofi nonoBhHaMh3HeprerilqecxoficrpyKTypbr(cypun- coaHeqHoe SxeAaHa- n qaHApa-6xeAaxa-npaHanMbt H ryHHoe 4utxaxne), o6ulero o..rhqeHhfi 3Heprerilqecrofi crpyKTypbr c noBbrrueHHeMo6qefi nororoaofi nnorHocrr4 pacnpeAeneHhc 3Heprun (orxeHHoe AbtxaHne - nocreneHHurfinepexoA or Kanana-6xarn- rc 6xacrpuKa-npananlre). Oco6oe 3HaqeHr4ehMepr rexHhKh nonyKonbqeBbtx 3ausrxaxri, h3aecrHbtx KaK Maxa6anAxa il Maxa-BaAAxa.Oxh nosaonqlor co6paru noroKh nepeAHero h 3aAHero cepeAhHHbtxnonyKoaeq B ocHoBaHHil "nycroro" qeHTpanbHoro KaHana. TexHilxa, r3BecrHan KaK Maxa-MyApa, HanpaBnrer co6paxnure uaxa-6axAxofi n uaxa-aa4gxoil noroKr4 BBepx no LleHTpanbHoMy KaHary, "oxl4BnFf" ero H HanonHqfl 3HeprNefi varpanbHble BHXpt4.Kpoue roro, ruelorcn cneqr.TaK anbHbte rexHhKt4. HanpnMgp, Ha3blBaeMoe"nbBHHoe AbtxaHile" c 3aMbtKaHl4eM KoHquKa R3brKaHa cepeCl4Mxa-HyApano3BoreeT 3aMKHyrb Ar4Hy rpYA4 cepeAnHHoe Konbqo qepe3 o6nacru cepAlla, co3AaB H TeM caMbrMc$opurpoaaru o6nacrb noBbluennofi nnorHocrl,r pacnpeAeneru[fl 3Hepruu. s aoxe $yxrquoHhpo-
"R3brKoBoro BaHHfl noroKa npana-aafip. Texnnrn AbtxaHnff" - cnrantl- n cvra-Kaph-npaHaflMbt- oxnax"TexHfiK 3aKanKil ToHKoro". Aalor relo, BblnoJrHFgponb "TBeplr1xnparrxKa npt4Aaer l'roxKouy" feny caoilcreo gacrv1", 6naroAapn qeMy KoHTponb HaA cocronHr4nMt4 co3HaHHeo6peraer csoficrao cra6nnuxocrr. "4brxarenbHoro" ynpaBneHhn noroKaBce rexnrK[ "ToHKoM"TeFfeBo3HhKalor caMH co6oi e Mh gHeprhu B npoqecce npaKTHKHnoroKa acaH - acaHa-Axapur.fian orcrpoilrr co6creeFrno acaHa-Axapbl r KoHcynbraqmfi no pa3nhqHbrMTexHHKaMnpaHanMbrny'.rure o6pau{arbcR K KoMnereHTHoMyyr{nren}o, roroputfi nogarnercq B npeAenax Aoc9raeMocrl4ronbKo nocre Toro, KaK npaK; rnrcyou.1rfi npoAenaer 3Haqhreflbxuril o6teu caMocrofl"ynpercn" B reaunofi pa6orur r npaKTrqecKle Bonpocrl'r Ane orBera Ha Koropble eMy rpe6yrcrcn KoHcynbraqr4h c 6olee onbrrHblM npaKTHKoM.O.qnarcoe nrc6oM cny.'rae KnrcqeBbrMacneKToMnp6oro pa3Bhrr4qgBrclorcq caMocroqrenbHaq npaKrhKa il TBopqecrufi noAxoA r nefi1. B xoAe npaKTnKhacaH paHbue Hrh no3xe Bo3HhKaer oulylqeHhe, qro neo6xoAhMocl4 r43MeHFTbnonoxeHhe rena 6onuule Her, pacnpeJleneHhe 3HeprhH ynpaBnneTcg TonbKo 3a cqeT ynpaBneHufl AbrxaHheM. l-lororcacaH ocraHaBrhBaercfl Ha xaroil*nr6o ygo6Hofi "loroc" - na4uacana), u no3e (.'laqe Bcero 3To "Bbr4ernercfl" npaHanMa B caMocrogrenuxurfr npoqecc, or4ensxuri or cMeHbrnoroxeHufi rera B acaHa-Axape. Flo uepe npaKTHKt4rarofi "BbrgeneHHtoi4" npaFlaqMbl pa3Bhpaercn cnoco6Hocrb ynpaBnerb nepepacnpeAeneHheM 3HeprhH B cHcTeMeTorrbl(o nocpe.qcTBoMMaHHI "TonbKo B HeycraHHofinpaxrnKe (Cearmapaua, "Xarxa- ftora- npaAun nxa").
ceKpet ycnexa"
92
93
nynnqnh BHrMaHneMr FlaMepeHreu.,QurxaHHecraHo_ BI4TC9OqeHb MeAneHHbtMh noBepxHocTHbtMh B r4Tore 3a HeHyxHocrbro 3auhpaer (rarc xaeutBaeMag.,KeBa.na_ ryu6xarca" hcqe3HoBeHtaeAbtxaHhq rAe-To Mexqy BbrAoxoMh eAoxoM).Taroe cnoHraHHbrrinepexog r ca_ 3epuaTenbHbtMnpaKTnKaM,CB'|CIOUIhMCF ncytxoTexHn_ qecKhM t4HcrpyMeHToM coeepuJeHcrBoBaHhrt ra eyxx_ u h o H a r b H o r op a 3 B n r h e c o 3 H a H n n l .B n p o q e c c e n p o n c _ x o A h To c o 3 H a B a H nre H a K o n I e H H eO C O 3 H a H h c .
Hne Ha rpynnax pacrflrylBaembtxB rKoHKpernofi acane Mbrulrl, Mbt MoAynhpyelt. KoHqeHTpaqhrcHaMepeHueM paccna6rrt pacrsrhBaeMbteMbnllqbt:l .
A h r q e p e 3v e x 6 p o g s e- c e p e A h Hny 6 a . H a n p r u e p ,e c _ rh Bo3HhKaeroulylqeHre Heo6xoAt4Mocrl4 cocpeAoro_
qnrb BH14MaHlae, cKaxeM/ e o6nacrh npoMexHocrl4,Mbl "4o6rpaeucfl" go Hee qepe3 mex6poeue, .'cKorb3HyB,,, HanphMep/ no KoH'.{t4Ky Hoca n or no46opoAKa ,'yhAA,, BHhMaHheMBHyrpb ropca. Toqxo TaK xe/ AonycrtlM, orqyrt4B qenecoo6pa3Hocrb cocpeAoroqeHhq Ha onop_ Hbrx roqKax (xanpruep, Ha naAoHex a crofirce Ha py_ xax), uur "yxo4hM" BHtrMaHreMB pyKlt/ npohgn cKBo3b uex6poaue h cnycrnBtut4cbB ocHoBaHreuter. 1,1 r.n. "Flpoxogn'f BHHMaHheM cKBo3buex6poeue _ cepe_ guny n6a, Mbt MoxeM ,'npomo4ynhpoBarb,,KoHqeHTpa_ qr4rcHaMepeHileM.Hanpnuep, cocpeAoror{HBaq BHhMa_ t Onnca.Hula "frora-cyrpe' flalaH 4xann, .\Xarxa-ftora_ npa4r n rxe'l Caaruapauur,. s,'.FxepaHfl6:GErMX"HTe,, H ..LIJ t4Ba_
caMXITe",
.
:
rtAcTHbtx o[]tH]t3BAptfAHToB 803M0]tfHbtx qrr 1 o1t3[0n0r[qE cHt|xt{oHuEn PacrRrrsanlte HHueqxofT[aHl
Honqerrpaqln Bxltilanlf,npl npafiT]tfie acaHbl B s a a H c h l ' 4 O C T tO4T K O H K p e T H O f i Sopr.lur, nphHrMae_ mofr reaom npaKThKyloulero e rofi vnv naoh acaHe, T O q K r 4n p h n o x e H h q K o H L l e H T p a L $ v lB H h M a H y t g, 4 T e X H n _ K14 KoHqeHrpaLlr4H r,loryr 6urrs pa3nhLtHbtMr{. 06urrafi n p h H u h n o A t 4 H- n y q c o c p e A o r o q e H h , B C e r A a n p o x o _
i
Teno pe6enrcapacrer, AxrheFtopacryr Kocrn t,ropraHbt.MuruqurH cyxoxhnrq pacryr nacct4BHo/ 6yny.lra pacrrr rh BaeMbtM14pacryl!14Mt4 Kocrq M14. pocr Mbtul q crh Mynhpyer pocr t4 pa3BerBneHheHepBHofi crcremur v1 yBenhqeHhe KonhqecrBa HepBHstxcgRgefi/qro, B cBolo oqepeAb/ crl4Fynhpyer ycnoxHeHhe rconSurypalq'vln nepanori ct4creMbtB qenoM n qenrpaluHofi nepanoil cHcTeMbt B LtacTHocTl4.
flocne roro KaK pocr Kocreft crenera 3aKoHuHrjcn, nepMaHeHrHOepacTRrhBaHUe Mbtull_lnpeKpaqaeTcq. Ycaoxnenre roxQrrypaqhu nepanofi cilcreMbt coorBercrBeHHo ocraHaBnhBaercr. OyxrcqlroxanbHbteBo3MoxHocrt4 xepenoft cxcreMbt B3poc,noro qenoeerca oipaH[qeHbr rofi ee rconQrarypaqneh,Koropaq ycnena c$opur,rpoBarbcq 3a nephoA pocra. I
OcHoea KoHqenllrh
B ToM Brlqe, B KaKoM oHa 3Aecb
npeAcraBnexa,cQopltynhpoBaHaersrolorou Onerou AnaTonbeoilqeMBerpoauu * yr.trTeneM KapaF-Ao, npo$eccnoHarbHbtM cneqranrcromno uanyanuHoiTepanhHh Maccaxy, npaKTXKoM xarxa-fiorr. l4u xe B cBoe BpeMe6urn no4apex MHecoxer Hoaenrbt"Pur6aflxapua", t4 oH xe ABnncAnporoThnoMo4Horo,ta3repoes uoefi rHrrn ).Tperueorxpsrrre Cu_ nur"(K.: Hrra-l-leurp,1996, 1997, 1998).
9s
94 llpnuqnn pa6orbr ttutueqxofi TKaHHr coKpaulexxe: floctoRHHoecoKpaqeHue6es pacreruBaHnAnpn' BOAT4TK yMeHbureHhlo ArIl4Hbl Mblulq n cxaThp
KocTHofi
crpyKrypbr. BHyrpncycraBHbtenpocrpaHcrBayMeHbuarorcfl, AHana3oH,qBnxeHhtt ece 6onee ta 6onee orpaHnqnBaercn, QyxxqnoxanbHbte Bo3MoxHocrl4 xepenofi cncreMbr3a HeHaAo6xocrutoarpo$npytorcn. flparcrmra no4aBneoqero 6onuu.l4HcrBaacaH xarxa-ilorn nocrpoeHa Ha pacrqrvBaHnn Mblultl. Kax4an norHan Knacct4qecKanacaHa - 3To noroxeHhe rera/ B hMeeT MeCTOnpeAenbHoe pacTtrhBaHhe onpeKOTOpOM AeneHHbrx rpynn crcenernofi MycKynaryput. Heu 6onee ulrporri cneKTp acaH t,lcnonb3yercs B npaKThKe, TeM norHee a$Qerr npopa6orrch cKenerHoft mycrynarypbl pacrqrilBaHheM. PacrsrhgaHhe BeAer K - cM. BbtuJe, KonQnrypaTnBHoen $ynrqnoHanbHoe pa3BnrtaeHepBxofi cncreMbrKaK coBoKynHocn4qeHTpanuxoiln nepn$epil,lecrofi roNanoHeHrorKpbrBaer nyrh K pa3Btlrnlo peanh3oBaHHoroe Hefi co3HaHHR, ['locneAoearenbHoe noBbluJeHne ypoBHq croxHocn4 nprMeHqeMbrxrpeHupoBoLrHblx npaKT'rK- SnenonornLrecKas neo6xoAnuocrs. flo Mepe npaKrhKh Mbrrrll-lbr 14 ri pno6pera lor 3nacrt,r Hocrb, no3Bonntoqylo cyxoxl4n rq n hM "cnpaBnATbcA" c npeAbflBrneMbtMt4 rpe6oeannnur. "MuttuqepacrgrnBaloulr,rfi"aQQexr npaKThK, craBuhx TaKnM o6paaom cHhxaercs, Ans noAnphBbrqHbrMr4, BBoAepxaHns ero Ha npexHeM ypoBHe Heo6xoAvuuro Ar4TbB npaKThKy HoBble sneMeHTbl,6pocaputne onopHo-ABnrareJrbHoMyannapary n xepexofi cncreme Bbl3oB, ypoBeHb Koroporo AocraroqeH purl roro, uro6rr nx pa3Brrhe He ocraHaBrrBanocb. B raxom cnyqae 6naroAape nocneAoBarenbHoMycoBepueHcrBoBaHhloOyxrqhoHanbHofi roxSnrypaqnh HepBHofi o4crel,rbr nepMaHeHTFTO CyqeCTByeT BO3MOXHOCTb COBeptlteHCTBOBaHT49
BonnoueHHoro B xeil ocognaHrs. Kpoue roro, Bo3Mox_ Ho, r4MeHHopacrqruBaHme crelerxoX MycKynarypbl t4 cyxoxhnbHutx rraxefr "HanounHaer,, opraHh3My o roM ero cocTonHrlnt B KOTOpOM OH HaXOAHnCfl B nepHoA poc_ Ta, B pe3ynbTaTeqero B ero cr,tcTeMaxu opraHax B 3peroM H AaXe noxl4noM Bo3pacTeMoryT BHOBbBKInr{aTbcn e pa6ory MexaHH3Mbr, cBoftcrBeHHbrecocroeHrlo Mono4ocrn1. B qacrnocrr, Bo3MoxHo, hMeHHo eruu a$Qexrom Mox(er 6slru o6ycnoaneHo BoccraHoBneHt4e cncremofi nruleBapeHhq cnoco6xocrn nonHoqeHHo nepepa6aruraarb MonoqHble npoAyKTbtrB ToM i{r4cre, Ltro oco6enHo BaxHo nplr npaKThKexarxa-horn2, - ceexee uonoro3.
"Pa6oqat"6olb x pacuxpeHxe fimna3oilaBocnprRTxf, He 6ureaer rny6ororo pacrqn4BaHucMbtrulln cy. xoxnarfi 6es HeKoropbtx 6oneaurx ou.1yr4ellafi. "Pa6oqaf" 6onu e acaHe- MqrKartrynac HecilflbHaq 6onu, Koropal nph crarnqecrofi $nrccaqnnacaHbtHe Hapacraerta npn AnhrerbHofterrccarlranh AocraroqHo my6orcol,rpaccna6ne+AvlB acaHe hMeer reHAeHLlrlloK t t{eM, BnonHe BepocrHo/o6ycnoalen ror o6qenseecr_ HurftQaxr, qro nonHoqeHHanKoppeKrHaqnpaKrrKa xarxa_ ho$ ae roJtbKocyulecrBeHHoropMo3t,rr(a a nexoropbtx cny_ qacx - Hagolrro ocTaHaer[Baer) npoqeccbt crapeHu, opraHh3Ma,HO l4HOrAakr oKa3btBaeT Ha Hero r8Hoe oMoflaxhBatou{eeeoeAeicrBre. 2 Cu. pas4ea"O6parxutfi noroK,,. ' Kax r3BecrHo, cyu{ecrByer KaK MilHhMyMHe coBcem 6esocxoaarenbHan r BnoIHe HayqHoo6ocxosaxxacKoHqen_ qhn, corracno.xoropof, opraHt,t3]tqenoaeKac Bo3pacrou sry cnoco6xocrb ts3Haqhreatsoft M€p€yTpai{1aBaer.
96 97 hcqe3HoBeHftp.Hapacraroulan 6onu O3HaqaeTHeKOppeKTHOeOTHOI'leHneK npaKTl4KeH rOBOphTO TOM; 9To KOHKpeTHOM noflOxeHh€ B .QaTHHOM AaHHOeKOHKpeTHOe nore*HeFo o6naAaer Ans cocTotrHhfinpakThKylotUero nput 6olr l4cqegHoserue qranuHgli TpaBMoonacHocrblo. AnnrenbHoft Qtaxcauranac6xut o6ycnoaneHo He ronbKo "BTeKaHh'eM"Tera e $oprlY 3a cqer paccna6netn[ v "TKaHeBoro nphB'btKaHVA",Ho raKxe ecrecrBeHHofi pearrlreil opraHh3Ma xa 6onu '- BblA€n€xhelacnequ$rqecKhx ropMoHanbHbtxBet{ecTB/ noBbluarcu{hx nopor 6onesoft qyBcrBnrenbHocrt4. Onra AeftcrBylor noAo6no - cMeulapT Ahana3oH BOCnchxorponHblMBeU{ecTBaM - ecrecrBeHnpnATnA. OAHarco, nocKonbKy npoqecc nsrfi, vepe3 HeKoropoe BpeMn nocfie oKoHqaHhqnpaKTv1Kr1 Anana3oH Bocnpl"i|flTvleBo3Bpau{aeTc9B I4CXOAHOe cocrotHhe 6ea crconuro-nr6yAu pa3pytllt'lTenbHblxAne cllcreMbt nocneActahft'. lloaropnrcqhecq h3o AHfl B "3KcKypcbtBocnpnATVnB napannenbHblecno!4 pe4eHb anbHoc'rh" nocreneHHo o6yvarcT npaKThKylouero AcynpaBneHnFnonoxeHheMAhanaKyccrBy oco3HaHHOrO yuenoM hcnonb3oBaHhh3Toro flpn 3oHa Bocnpn+rnr. HcKyccrBa B03MoxHo ycroiluueoe KoHTponhpyeMoe p a c u h p e H h eA h a n a 3 o H aB o c n p h A T n q .
lneprxn Hblltlq[ ilon[enTpaqnf, Pacrnrroan[e ctpyllTypbl 0r tHeprerxqecff B r0[pH0[ Ho]lnoHeHre CyuurapoeaHheBnxpeBblxnonefi crpyrcrypHblxcocTaBnercu{hx KoMnneKcHblxchcTeM npohcxoAHT no 1 Taxofi a$Qercr npaKTHKtlxarxa-iorlt Aenaer ee oAH14M MeroAoB cra6rnuxofi raa :SQexrnBHbtx HeMeAhKaMeHTo3Hblx r e p M r H a L I r ha n K o r o n b H o i lr u a p x o r r q e c x o f i g a a h c m m o c r e.f i
nphHqhny cynepno3hL4nr.KaxAaA ns qacrill1, cocraB_ nnlou.lt4x aroM/ o6na.qaer B crpyKType aToMa cBoHM co6creexHbtMBhxpeBbtMnoreM _ cBohM co6creeHnutr,l BhxpeM.oAHarcoBnxpeBoenone aroMa B qenoM ecrb He "MexaHh.{ecKafl " cyrqMae,xpefi cocraBrlfl}o.qnx ero qacTt4Ll,Ho or4enunsrfi e4nHurfi BHXpb, .'y9hrbtBaoE1v1il,, B ce6e exeprnto Bilxpeaurx nonefi i{acrrLl. ToqHo TaK xe BhxpeBoe nore MoneKyflbtecrb He .,reoMerpngecKaq,, cyMMa BhxpeBbtxnolefi aroMoB/ gry MoneKyny cocraB_ rqloull4x, a eArnurfi Bhxpb/ nannrcqnh co6oro pe3ynb_ TaT Cynepno3HUrl14 Bl4xpeBbtxKoMnoHeHTaToMOB,BXO_ Aeqnx B crpyKTypy MoneKynur.CooreercrBeHHo Bhxpe_ Boe none KrerKn xhBoro opraH,43Ma_ e4nuutil Bt4xpr,, o6paaosanxurfi e pe3ynbrare cynepno3ALwlrt BhxpeBbtx nonefi Bcex BHyrphKneroqHbtx crpyKTypt Alnlrotrlt4xcn, B CBOIOoqepeAb, pe3ynbTaTaMhcynepnosrlal4n Bhxpe_ eurx nonefi, cocraBnqrcqhx 9Tl4crpyKTypbt MoneKyn. V1 HaKOHeq,BrxpeBaq KoMnoHeHTa o6paaoaaHHoroKrrer_ KaMh opraHa ecTb pe3ynbTaTCynepno3ht_lh14 BhxpeBbtx KoMnoHeHTBcex ero KreroK h npeAcraBnfler co5oil e4nHrrft npocrpaHcreeHFturfi MaKpoBhxpu,14roqso rar xe eA'4HbtMMaKpoBhxpeMoKa3btBaeTcfl Bl4xpeBagKOM_ noHeHTaBcero opraHh3MaxhBoro cyqecrBa a qenour. Tarnu o6paaou, Bt4xpeBoenone KaxAofi murutuuth KaxAoro cyxox
r o r o x e p a 3 p c A aH. a n p n u e pr:2 3 4 = r * 2 + 3 + 4 = r o = i + o = r .
K o H e v H o ,p e a n b H o e M a r e M a r [ q e c K o eo n ] 4 c a H i l e MHoroMepHo_ ro ArHaMilqecKoFo HHTerphpoBaHt4gBt4xpeBbtx crpyKTyp 6y_ AeT BbtrnqAeTb/MqrKo roBopg, HecKo.nbKO CnoxHee nphM14_ Tr4BHbtxHyMeponoryiLtecKHX @opr"ryn. 4 t>r:n
99
9B PacrRrheaHne KoHqeHTpr4pyeraHeprhto B ero oo,r. Ocu Bt4xpt - 3oHa "cKBo3Hofi"gHeprerhqecrofi cBff3t4Bhxpei pasnutx nopsAKoa. PacrqrhBaHneMbtule.-tHbtx n cyxoxhlbHbtx xanefi - cnoco6 KoHLleHTpaqhn 3Heprhh B ocnx r,ix BhxpeBbtx KoMnoHeHT.Heo6xogl,tMo conyrcrByrcltr1ee pacrerhBaHHtopaccna6nenne MaKchManbHoMy cnoco6creyer noBbnleHhp "npoxoghMocrvi" BhxpeBbtx noroKoB, TpaAhqiloHHo hMeHyeMoMy"ovt4lqeHneMKaHanoB ToHKoro rena". [locpe4craoM AorxHbrr,r o6pasom opraHh3oBaHHoro nqnh eanuaHheM AbtxaHhRil MaHt,tnyr ynpaBreHhe pacnpeAeneHreM OCO3HaHHOe AOCTnraeTCg 3Heprnr B crpyKType. KopperrHoe coqeraH%epacrerrBaHAAtpaccna6neHht/ HanpA)KeHnAr AbtxaHHq14 KoHqeHTpaqhhBHhMaHt4g nO3BOngeT nocpeAcTBoMnpaKThKh acaHbt HaKannhBarb B sHepFerhqecKoficrpyxrype 3HaqhTenbHoe KoIHqecTBO 3Hepr!4h 3a cqeT cyr.qecTBeHHOTCJ noBbtueHrr nrrorHocT[ ee pacnpeAeneHHr B cocra Brfl lo ulhx 3 HepreTh q ecKy}o cTpyKrypbt n oro Kax, Pacrqrhaaxhe Mblllq h cyxox(Hnrfr peopraHh3yer B nepByro oqepeAb crpyKrypy a$npuofi Konhil - Bt4xpeeofi rcoMnoHeHTbt Srsrvecrcoro rera - n npnBoAl4TK noBbrueHnlo nroTHocTt4 pacnpeAeneHhfl SHeprhh B oceBbtx 3oHax ee BilxpeBbtx noroKoe. CooreercrBeHHo nnoTHocTt4 pacnpe.qeneHHs Ant BblpaBHhBaHrlg 3Heprh14 e aQrpnofi Konnh B qenoM chcreMa Har{ytHaerHaKan,rhBaTb3Heprhp, qepnaq ee H3 noroKoB, cyqecTByprqr4xB npocrpaHcrBe, n nphAaBae eil xaparrepncrnKnt "nprrognoh gnn ynorpe6aeHvlA,,. Aenapqne ee Bcne4crBne cyu{ecrBoBaHnnoceBofi soxul crcaogxofi B3ailMoonpeAneHHocTr4COCTOAHUA BhxpeBbtx KoMnoHeHTBCeX ypoexeil 3Heprerhqecxoil crpyKrypbr rpaxceopMallrn cocroqHl4s anxpeeoil KoMnoHeHTbt$nsrvecxoro rena BeAer K cooraercreyrcuqefi rpaxc$opr'raqhr BhxpeBblx KoMnoHeHT 6olee "To HKl,lx" cocra Bng to[.]{t4x,nocKon bKy
BCe OHh gBnrloTcn '|Hulb nocfleAoBaTenbHopa3BopaqhcryneHcMH Bapr4l4Mr4cc Apyr h3 Apyra nopqAKoBblMl4 oAHOTOh roro xe BhxpeBoro npoqecca. Tarcru o6pa3oM, KOppeKTHOOTCrpOeHHure srsnvecKhe ynpaxHegBnRlOTCt aCa'XUtXaTXa-fiorh, Moryr HA+, KaKOBbtM14 rexHnKaMnynpaBneHrq KoHqeHTpa:1lehu craHoBr4Tbcq pacnpeAeneHreM3Heprhil Ha Bcex ypoBHnx SHepreTh.{ecrofi crpyKTypbr,
npailrttill fio]tnoHelTa Crarrqecran Crarh..recraq Srrccaqrg onpeAeneHHbtxQas ynpaxneHnft -- cnoco6 ymy6reHrA v'tycvnexrn aS$ercra pacrrrhBaHhn n paccna6reHHg MblJeLlHbtx rraneft, pacrqrHBaHtaq cyxoxt4llbHbtx rrcaneil h HanolHeHhg crpyKTypbraneprnefi nocpeAcrBoMnpaBhtbHo opraHh3oBaHHoroAbrxaHhs 14KoppeKTnoilrcoxqeHTpaqnhBHnMaHng. H a n p n x e n h e h n e p e x h M a H h er e x r r h r H b r x r p y n n Mblr.ur_l 14cooTBercTBeHHoqacThlrHoe Hrh norHoe nepexhMaHhe KpoBeHocHbtxcocyAoB, nygKoB HepBHblxBonoKoH 14 roMy no,qo6xoe $oplarpyrcT cBoero poAa "y3roBbre 3oHbr nepepacnpeAeneHrq noroKoB"' B chc"Sr3h{ecKoro" reMe HaAn h eo acefi a$npnofi Konhn Tera, Ltro nphBoAhr K o6pasoeauhp cneqnSruecrofi, ceoficraeHHoilAanxoft roHrcpernofi acane ron$nrypaq'rn IHTerpanbnofi aHepreruqecrofi crpyKrypbr B qenou. B coqeraHHh c noroxeHheM "Qt43l,i.{ecKoro" Tera B npocrpaHcrBe, B qacrHocn4- B cnoxhBueMcn na 3eure KoMnreKce nnaHeTapHbrxrpaBnTallhoHHbrx,3neK1 OrgroaoruqecKhxxr4xocrei, HepBHbrx roKoB,BuxpeBbrxnoroKoas$rpnoro rena. 4x
100 ycnoenh, aro Sopurpyer TpoMarHilTHbrx h Br4xpeBbrx onpeAeneHnyto ronShrypaqnrc esahMoAeficrBhfl sHeprernqecroft crpyKTypbrqenoBeqecKoro cyqecrBa c Hercoropofi14 HTerpr poaaHHofi sHeprerh qecroX crpyrcrypofi npocrpaHcrea.LleI4rny6xe u nonHee gHeprerrqecKag crpyKrypa oKa3brBaerceBBeAeHHofi a ron$nryparrapaBHOBeChe HOe COCTORHne BHyTpeHHerO r npocTpaHcrBeHHoro rnSopmaqnoHHo'3HeprerhqecKoroB3ai4Mo4eficrerR, xapaKTepHoroAnq Aanuofi KoHKperHoftacaHbr,TeM6onee nonHbrMn myborcnMoKa3btBaercnBll4RHhe pe3ynbrhpyrcqefi rcon$Nrypaqhr 3Heprerilqecrcoft crpyKrypbr Ha cocronHl4e co3HaHhq, CooraercrBeHHo, qeu 6onee norHo B npaKTnKeacaHbt BblpaxeHa crarhqecKae KoMnoHeHTaQasur Sllrccaqum/TeM e 6onuueft creneHh acaHa oKa3brBaercq nchxo3Hepreluqecroft nparrnroi, o6ecnevNearcu{efiycrofivnece noBbtiileH}4e KOHLleHrpaqhh 3HeprHH B cl4cTeMe,a TaKx(epacux4peHHe Ahana3oHa BocnpnflTnB h pa3BVTVeCO3HaHfigKaK TaKoBoFo/npohcreKarou1eeil3 KoppeKTHoroycrofr vraoro roxQnryphpoBaHrr cKoHUeHTphpoBaHHoil eneprrn. B cnyuae B ocHoBHoMAhHaMl4Lrecroft npaKTilKl4acaHbl rMeer Mecro aS$ecrauoe pa3Bhrne "$h3n9ecKoro" "noroKoBofi Terra h cyqecrBeHHoe noBbtLUeHhe nponycrcnofi cnoco6xocrt4" 3Heprerrqecxofi crpyKrypbt/ vro nf,naopnt K cyu{ecrBeHHoMy noBbr.ueHilto c6qero ypoBHr 3AopoBbr r o6ulero sHeprerrqecKoro roHyca opraHr3Ma. OAuaro B KaqecrBe cpeAcrBa paslnrnn co3HaHhe u napa6orrr KaqecrBeHHoHoBoro ypoBHn oco3HaHHocrnAnHauhLtecKaqnpaKThKaacaHbr esrcoroft aSQercrneHocrbloue o6na.qaer.
101
lr co3eBqan[e H0xueurpaqnn BHHltaHlR peopraH]r3aq[n H $yHHulr0Ha,lbHor0 HaHCn0[06ur pasB$rrlrfi sHeprerlrq ecHoficTpyHTypbr 1rco3HaH]|fi Konqeu'rpaqt4nBHtlr\'iaHht Ha npoqecce npaKThKhH cocrofi Hr.rHgHeprerr4LrecrcficrpyKTypbr gBrsercrr Krfor{oM K Bocnphqrhto pacnpeAeneHhflgHeprhr B 3Heprenprrnqecrcoil crpyKType. Vmy6nexhe KoHqeHTpar-lHH BOA]4TK BO3Hr,'!KHOBeFiilrO Co3epllaHhfl-, nO3BOrlgtOUerO cocrotFihe 3Freprerhoco3HaHHooxBaThTb BHhMaHiler'r .{ecxoft crpyKTypbt B uenoM h npoeKllhro 3Toro cocrosHNfl Ha COCTOflHHeCO3HaHilfl B AoCTynHOM BCCnpt4gThro
Ahana3oHe. CooreercrBeHHoBo3HilKaerpeanbHaF Bo3MO)|(HOCTb BblnorrHeHnqoco3HaHHbtxBofleBbtxMaHhnynntryth, HanpaBneHHbrxHa hgMeHeHhepacnpeAeneHrn ?Heprnnt HaJlhqecrBylouleftB BocnpnHhMaeMcMKoMnrleKce "aHepi-erilqecKat crpyKTypa - co3HaHLte"n nocrynapuleil s Hero 6naro4apn KoppeKTHoorcrpoeHHoM y n p o L l e c c y A b r x a H H s . K o x q e H - r p a q u nB H n M a H h s B rpaHhqHbtx 3oHax .qHana3oHaBocnpil'lTt4gno3BorqeT cMecTilTbTyAa KoHr_leHTpaqHrc 3Heprhh h B KoHeqHoM cqere npHBoAl4TK pacuj14peHntoAhana3oHa BocnphB'fvtqt '-{ToB cBo}o oqepeAb no3Bo'|teT oco3HaHHopa3BhBaTb3HeprerhqecKyrocTpyKTypy B HoBbtxAnq Bocnpnnrne Amana3oHax. Cy6rerrhBHo aro BocnprHnuaerct KaK Hacrofiqilgoe crpeMneHhe"paccMorperb", HTo rr1g1r4" - B cMyrHo olqyqaeMbtx cSepax "aa rpaHbrc BocnphnTl4A",a paccMorpeB- Hayqhrbcn oco3HaBarlon oco3HaHHoKoHTponhpoBarbro', qro "TaM" nponcxoAhr. t B 6onuu"rr,rHcrBe cnyqaeBrMeHyeMoroue4rraqnefi. 2 nonHora KoHTponqecrb cnoco6HocrunonHoqeHHoro ynpaBneHnt. oco3HaHHoro
103
LO2
norolt(snnapffia-rapaill) 06parnun
SttotlttttI qyBcrBa fip6ue cocronHt4t co3HaHhe B npeAene ecrb He 6onee qeM onpeAeneHHae KaprhHa pacnpeAeneHlrt yqacrKoB eos6yx4eHhn 14TopMoxeHilR B Kope roroBHoFo Mo3ra. l-py6o roBopn, Bce Haun 3Moqyt4 14vyBcrBa nphHaAnexar nhqHocrHoMy ypoBnn $ynrquonanunofi opraHn3aqnn r SarcrhqecKnrBnstorcn pacnpeAeneHheM 3neKTphqecKHxnoTeHLlnanoBTex hnh nHbtx ToqeK opraHh3oBaHHoFo B MaTephlonpocTpaHcrBa. MexAy reM, qro ll Ha3btBarcqyBcrBoM, h reM, qro q Ha3brBaro auoqnefi, Her HilKaKofipaanr,rqbt 3a hcKnroqeHheMoAHofi manexurcoftAerann - creneHh ocosFtaFtFrofi KoHTponnpyeMocl4 coorBercrByroqero cocroRnrr. flo Tex nop noKa qyBcTBonoAKoHTponbHo Bore, oHo cBntercn QarropoM pocra oco3HaHHocrt4,nocKonbKy Moxer 6utru ocosHaHoB KoMnrleKcec nprqnHaM, cneAcrBr4nMt4 h conyrcrByrorqr4Mr4Qryrcryaqnnmn QnznororhqecKnx cocrosnrfi. KorAa qyBcrBo BbtxoAhr h3-noA KoHTpone, "n.naHKana4aer" TeMcaMbrMnpeBpaqaflcb B 3Mol-ll4to, ]4 "rafiKh neperpeBalorcn". PacxoA 3Hepn4h Ha noAAepxaHhe "B3Bt4H..teHHbro" cocrofl HhR pe3Ko noBbtluaercfl, peanr3aqrH npoLlecca oco3HaBaHhfl a Bo3MOXHOCTb oKa3bfBaercnnoA 6onuulnu BonpocoM...OAnuu n3 cyqecrBeHHbtx npehMyulecrB xarxa-fiorn nepeA HeKoropbfMh ApyrAMu cHcTeMaMhnHTerpanbHofo TpeHhHra eBneercfl ceoficreo acaH (npn ycnoBnn ycrofiurnofi, my6orofi h perynepHofi nparcrnrra) ne no3Bonqrb L{yBcTBaMBbtn,lecKrBaTbcfl3a npeAenbt, BHe KoTopbtx oHt4 npeBpaqaorce B HeKoHcrpyKTtlBHbte 3Moqrr4. OarrnqecKh peqb HAeTBce o ToM xe cHhxeHhytt4HTeHcrBHocTn nepexoAHbrx npoqeccoB npH cMeHe pexmMoB QyxrqnoxHpoBaHHflct4creMbt.
B apceHane npaKThqecKhx cpeAcrB xarxa-iloru oco6oe Mecro orBoAltrcq Knaccy rexHrK, Koropble Moryr 6urru o6te4nHenbt noA o6tt-lttt'lHa3BaHileMBl'lnapHTa-KapaHh1.o6ulnu ArlR Bcex rexHhK Tnna BhnaprraKapaHh flBI9eTCRnepeBepHyToenorloxeHhe opraHnqecKoro rena B npocrpaHcrBe- ronoaofi BHh3. Kpoue TOrO,Anfl TexHHKBhnaphTa-KapaHnxapaKTepHooTcyTcrBne rny6ororo pacrqrhBatltA ,1 chrlbHoro HanpqxeHAA.
B peaynurare nph HopManbHot{o6ut.{HoMcocroqHVn roxSnrypaqun 3Heprerhqecxofi crpyKrypbl ee "Qt4srvecrag" KoMnoHeHTa oKa3btBaercl nepeBepuyroil Ha cTo BoceMbAecgTrpaAycoB no oTHoueHrlo K Hopxan6oluruee ManbHoMy noroxeHhlo, 3aHhMarctt.1eMy "$nsrvecBpeMF B nephoA 6oApcreoeaHrR. Bt",lecrec KhM" TenoM nepeBopaqhBatorcfl ero rpexMepHble "cpe3bt" B MHoroMepHbtxnpocrpaHcraax 6slrnt "ToHKr4x" KoMnoHeHTsHeprernqecrofi crpyKTypbt. OAxaro "ToHKHe"cocraBnqpu{ne SHeprernL{ecroft caMt,tno ce6e "aSnpnoro" 'fena, gBnfl]orcq crpyKTypbr, HaqnHafl c "ToHKhMh" TettaMh qetoBeKa cfi oxHo opraH n3oBaHHbrMt,r cyqecraaz. vl ror o6uKaK rrraHTcKoro KocM14LrecKoro "QnsnvecKoe reno" 3aHt4MaerB 3oHe KoHeM, Koropbtil TaKTa noBepxHocTn nlaHeTbl c KocMocoM,ecTb nnub noKanh3oBaHHac roqKa KoHLleHTpt4poBaHHoro QyHrqnoHanbHoro npogBneHnesToro rpaHAho3Horo3Hepre1 Bunaprra - nepeBepHyrutfi,o6parxutft, nport4Bononoxxuri; KapaHa- Teno(caucxp.). 2 Cu. Mapes T. Yqexfie ronreKoB. T.1. "BogBpaqeHue eohFtoB",
105
104 rr4qecKorocytqecrBa B rpexi4epHoMnpo€rpancr-ee. ilpr,r r43MeFteHuH nonoxeHnc arofi roqrn orHochrenbHo noBepxHocrh nnaHerbt nofloxeHhe "6orbutofi" 3Heprernqecrofi crpyKTypbt cyulecrs€lri.{o He il3MeHnercfl, TaK xe KaK He h3MeHRiOTCF HanpaBreHilr ocHOBHbtxnoToKoB aHeprnh g Fteft. Tarcrl,t o6pa:ou, "$nsnvecroe reuo" h KoMnfieKc "ToHKr,rx'o ero Konilfi oKa3btBatorctnepeBepHyrbtmHno orHor.ileHHto rc "6onuulnn KoKoHaM"l"ToHKhx" KoMnoHeHT3Heprernqecnoii crpyKrypbt, a HanpaBreHns ocHoBHbrx"ToHKl4x"aHeprerhqecKnx noroKoB a o6ireMe "$N3uvecKoro" Tena - o6parxurmn. Srrm oSycnoenen a$$ercr o6parqennn cy6terrHBHoro noroKa BpeMeHhB npocrpaHcreax 6utrhg "ToHK!,tx"cocraBflqlot{t4x 3Heprernqecrofi crpyKTypbl,HaqHHaflc "a$npxok"z, Bo BpeMq B b t n o n H e H nB q h n a p r r a - K a p a H hH . a " $ n s n v e c K o l 4 nn' f l a ne raroil pe3ynbrar perynqpHofi nparcrurr TexHnKaroro T],lnanpogBngeTcgKaK 3aMeAneHhe,a B pfAe cnyqaeB - nphocraHoBKaH Aaxe qacrrqF{oe o6paulenne npoqeccoB crapeHnfr oprannuecrofi cocraalrnulefi "$r3nuecKoro" Tena, Texnrrcu, B npaKThKe Koropbtx nepeBepHyToenoloxeHhe opraHl4ltecKoroTerla co'.{eTaeTcq c HanpgxeHheM I pacTnrhBaHneMr4ycKynaTypbl, BpqA nn cfieAyeT oTHOCnTb K Knaccy TexH[K BnnapnTa-
KapaHn, nocKonbKya nonFlofimepe a$Serr o6pauleHhq noroKoB nponBnflercn nhub B cnyr'lae ceo6oAxoro hx nporeKaHrfl, To ecrb nph o6rtvnofi, HrqeM AononHhroxQrrypaqhh 3Heprere.fibHoHe crpyKTyphpoBaHHoft, rnqecrcoft crpyKrypbt. Eesycnoano, eSQeKT npaKrHKH npGurx nepeBepHyrblxacaH coAepxnr e ce6e srleMeHT sQQercra o6parnoro noroKa' oAHaKo creneHb BblpaxeHHocrl4 ero Moxer 6utru pasnh.lHoX- B 3aBhqnMocryr or crroxHocrvt t4 gHeprerhqHocrt4 rcox$rrypiapyrcLL{ero aos4eilcrann KoHKperHoil acaxut, Pasylteercn, o6paqeHre noroKoB uoxet 6utru hcnoflb3oBaHoAnq roro, uto6bt npnAaBars rcon$rrypaL$A qeprbl, ApyrhM cnocobom HeAocri4xhMbte, qro hMeer Mecro B qefioM pfiAe nepeBepHyrbtx acaH BblcoKHXypoBHeft cnoxxocrn. OAnaKo orHloAb He Bo Bcex cnyqaflx 3To npl'lBoAhr "ToHKt4x"KoMnoHeHT3HepK h3MeHeHiltMnolloxeHhq rermqecKoil crpyxrypbt B npocrpaHcrBax BpeMeHh MHoHyyMOB. Hblx KoHTl4 roMepHbrx n pocTpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeH vHl,4oxer 6utru noroKoB Mexanrgu o6paulennq Tepnperr poBaHcneAytot{hMo6pasou. O6ycroanennutfi nepeBepHyrbtMnonoxeHheM Tetla B rpaBnraqhoHHoMnone 3eMnn o6parnutft no cpaBHeHhrct c o6urquutu phcyHoK pacnpeAeneHnf, AaBreHhq Qranororn vecKhx xuArcocreil crt4Mynn pyer o6pa ule Hne FranpaBneHhRocHoBHblx noroKoB a$npuoro Ay6ac. 3ro, B cBolo oLrepeAb, crl4Mynhpyer o6pauleHre HanpaBneHnR noToKoB B ocHoBHblxKaHaflax ceTh HaAn, qTo npn ycnoBhl4 Hannqnfl B Cl4CTeMe KOAOCTaTOqHOTO Bocnh'.recrBa aHeprilh cnocoGcreyer Bo3Hl4KHoBeHHlo xoAeu1ero noroKa B cytuyMHe. flocrconury B AaHh{oM "hepapcnyqae gosAeilcrehe Ha cncreMy oKa3blBaerca xnqecKn nepeBepHyrbtM",To ecrb o6paulenne npoqecca " B yn paBnqeubrxKoMnoHeHTax BKttlo.taer" o6pat4eHHble npoqeccbr B KoMnoHeHTaxynpaBnffiou{t(x.B rrore o6-
t Ha caxcrphre "ToHKue" Tena qenoBeKa o6ogHaqaptcf, TepMnHoM"KouJa", qro AocnoBHo nepeBoAl4TcnKaK KoKoH "ToHKHX" K CnOByO BocnphqTl,tl4 KOMnOHeHT SHepreTilLtecxofi crpyKrypbt B BilAe "npocrpancrBeHHo-3HeprertlqecKrx ny3btpeit". 2 l-Ae nmHeftHopty noroKy BpeMeHr "$lrsuuecrcoro', Mnpa cOoTBeTcrByeITpexMeF,HoenpocrpaHcTBo BpeMeHH,KoropoMy coorBercrBeHHo e 6onee MHoroMepHbtxKoHTt4HyyMax cooreercrBylor eule 6onee croxHo opraHfi3oBaHHbtenpocrpaHcrBa BpeMeHr,l. I
t it
l
,I
106
L07
qeMy npoueccy ceoficrseHxa 6onee 3HaqhrenbHaq hHepqhoHHocrb, qeM B "npfMoM" BapnaHTe, KorAa ynpaBngloqhe KoMnoHeHTbt ynpaBneloT ynpaBIfleMbtMn, flosrouy rexHhKh rhna Bhnaphra-Kapann rpe6yor AocraroqHo AnnTenbHoro BpeMenr Qrrcaqt4n AnA Toro, .rro6ur aQ$err o6paulexne noroKa nporBnncn r 3aKpenhncr. Kpome roro, hM AonxeH 6urrs e nonxoi uepe cgoficreeH o6rqnfi nph3HaKacaHbt KaK TaKoBofi:crxnpa*cyKXaM-acaHaM- TBepAOe n,lOTHOeBHyTpeHHee, MnrKoe nerKoe BHeuHee. floarouy oco6oe BHhMaHheB npaKTr4KerexHnK o6paulexnoro noroKa yAenqercn coBep[leHcrBy r ecrecrBeHHocrt4aneuJxeft Sopr'lur, ecrepacnpeAeleHHfl 3HepreThqecKhx noToKoB CTBeHHOCTI4 "BxyrpeHHero" Tera, ceo6o4uouy nporeKaHilto noroKoB B CeTt4HaAt4,TOi{HOCT]4 n nOIHOTeBocnphgTt4gynpaBJ'rqeMbrxAbrxaHheM npoLleccoB nepepacnpeAeneHhq 3HeprHh B cl4cTeMe. Bcne4crere o6paqeurn nanpaenexrfi AByx ocHoBHbfxnpaHnqecKhxnoroKoB B "ToHKoh" Kont vl opraHhL{ecKoroTena npaKTilKaBhnaphTa-KapaHH MOXeTHa nepBbrx nopax nphBoAl4Tbr $opllrpoBaHhrc TaK Ha3bteaet'4oil"KoHrecrhBxoft 3oxut" g o6nacrh corHeqHoro cnnereHrn r xenyAKa, l-lpaxa-aafipl - noroK, B "ToHKoM"Tene o6ulqnoro qenoBeKaHanpaBneHxutfi eaepx or conHeqHoro cnrlereHhg, HaqnHaer reqb BHl43.Anana.eaftprc- noroK, ynpaBnerclt4nfi peannsaqnefi QyHrrlr,rfi BbrAeneHhln o6urqno HanpaBneHHuril eHns or corHeqHoro cnflereHnfl, B "ToHKoM"rene fiornHa HanpaBncercr BBepx. llocepe4nHe - B soxe AeficrBhn noroKa caMaHa-aailrc, orBeqaoqero 3a accilMt4lsLlr4toB ct4creMe 1 Bafio - Bo3Ayx, Berep; crJ4xrlABo3Ayxa (caucxp.). 'Anann - yAanflTb, eur6pacureata(cancxp.).
nocrynapulero c nnulefi nracruLlecKoro h 3HeprerhqecKoro Marepuana, o6paulexHble noroKl4 Bcrpe..larcTcr. Co apemeHeM peopraHn3aqhff 3HeprerhqecKof crpyKTypbr npnBo.qhrK ycrofivueulM nprHqrnharlbHblMh3MeHeHheMpexhMoB QyHrqnonhpoBaHnn sHeprerhqecKhx noroKoBt, oAHaKo noHaqarly, cranKnBaflcu e o6nacrh " n poBaHHq raK Ha3blBaeMoro n n uleBapnrenbQyn rcqraon Horo ar+g"z, o6paulennute noroKl4 npaHbl 14 anaHbl Ha ypoBHe conHeL{Horo cnrereHhe $opunpynr t'KoHrecrhBt-tyrc eouy'o- noKanbHoe noBblueHfie nnor"ToHKofi" Konrn' qro Hocrt4 pacnpeAeneHilfl gHepfvn B OpraHoB/ pacnonoxeHnpilBoAHT K rhnepaKTHBHOCTt4 qacrh opraHhqecKoro rena' Hbrx B coorBercrBytoqeil l-lepeuruo6urqHo crpaAaer xenyAoK - Qopt"tltpoBaHhe KoHrecr[Bnofi aonut Moxer npilBoAl4TbK pe3KoMy noBbrueHhlo KhcIoTHOCTrlCO BCeMh BblreKatoulhMrlnoThnht{HblxBnroTb Ao AOCTaTOqHO cneAcrBhgMl4"r'trcro ilornqecrcnx" BapnaHToBrhnepaLItaAHblx racrpt4ToB 14q3Bbt xenyAxa u/nnn ABeHaAqarnnepcrHolt Kt4tllrn. CooraercrBeHHooqeHb BaxHblM acneKToMKoppeKTvrpoBKl4npaKThKvtacaH nplr 3HaqhrenbHoM o6lelae npaKThKh TexHhK Tnna BhnapnTa-KapaHh RBnsercn KoppeKTHaflopraHh3aLlhr nnraH!4fl u o6paaa xh3HH npaKThKyloulero, qro no3Boneer cBecrn a$Qexr KoHret "Tor, KTo yrBepAunc+ B npaKThKe,B orpaHilt{eHugx He HyxAaercq..." ("UJhBa-cauxnra", 3.38)' B raxrx HMeHHoorp a H n q e H r g x- c M . H i l x e B n p h M e q a H ] 4 q x - c H o c K a x . 2 "B xheore rophr nru1eBaprrensnutfi oroHb, pacnonoxeHnurft TaM/ r4e conHqe...Ox poxgaercg qacrblo 1433Heprhn llfr4Bbl, a qacrblo - ra roft Sleprnn, '.lro coAepxl4Tcr B ynorpe6naeuofi nnqe. 3ror oroHu noAAepx[Baer x!13Hb/ Aaer cnnY v nhraHHe reny, Aenaer ero nojlHblM ?Hepfnu, yHt4t{Toxaer 6one3Hu u Aaprr 3AopoBbe" ("lJJhaa-cauxnra", 2'32, 2.33).
109
108 cifieHofi 3oHbrK Ml4HHMyMy'. l-io uepe pa3BnrAAnpaKpexhM Tv't
frparernlecfi He[HTepecbl Cr,tnbl,Aahoqhe xarxa-fiory h ct4creMbtl4HTerpanbHoFo rpeHhHra, paaHbte xarxa-ilol-e no noloxeHrp B uepapxi4M 143HaqaJrbFtbtx yueuuil, orHocqrcn K TeM y p o B H q MK o c M H q e c K o N fi epapxru, QyHrquotu4poBaHre Ha Koropbtx ocyqecrBneercs a Naacura6axBcenennofi. floarouy HhKTo143Bbtcr.uhxCyu_1Hocrefi, orBercrBeHHbtx 3a noroK aHeprnil n rn$opmallll,t xarxa-itoru, He rMeer Henocpe.qcrBeHHbtx co6crgexHbtx crparerrqecKhx AHt "Tor, KTo npaKTrKyer Brnapt4Ta-KapaHh/AonxeH xopouo nhralucs. l4Haqe npaHa noxper reflo" (Cearuapaua "Xarxa-fi ora n pa4n nz xa") " "lZoruuy Hagnexhr orpaHhqhru ce6R, orKa3aBlut4cbor Krcnoro, Bgxylqero, ocTporo, ropbKoro/ conh/ ropqilqbt/ xap e H o r o H a M a c J l e ,T a K X e o r q e p e c L t y po 6 n n s u o r o n H T a H h c / npa3AHoro BpeMRnpoBo\
TepecoBHh Ha 3eMre, nn g CutcreMe,Hh Aaxe g l-anarThKe. Hnrcro h3 HNX He crpeMfiTct K 3axBary Bracrr Hh Hn HaA ncnxhqecKnMhnpocTpaHHaA MaTephanbHblMl4, crBaMh nnaHerbt. 3eunR paccMarphBaerctl KaK yHAransnurfi nonhroHt AnA noAroroBKH h rpeHHpoBKl4 Cyu.1Hocrefi,cnoco6Hbtx nprHilMarb oco3HaHHoerBopqecKoe yqacTre B npoqeccax KocMilqecKoroco3hAaHn9' floaroruy re, KeM Aaercn l4crl,lHHoeh3HaqanbHoe yqeHne xarxa-horr,3ahHTepecoBaHblnpexAe Bcero B MaKcruanunofi cao6oAe KaxAoro npaKThKytoulero, B ero TBOpqecKoMnoAXoAe K xil3Hl4 n K npaKTilKe, B AOCTI4xeHrn hM MaKCnMaIbHoBblcoKoroypoBHq oco3HaHHocrr4. "3oM6h-aarol4a-ln3{", cnenaq Bepa, noKnoHeHhe KyMhpaM, npereH3nt4Ha BnaAeHne a6contornoil ncrmnofi n orpr4LlaHneApyrrx yueunfi h noAXoAoB,a raK>Ke np!4Bep)KeHHOCTb AOTMaMHe npneMntorct HH B KaK.3M BhAe. Ecrr rcarxe-nn6o ha no.qo6HbtxnpogB/lenrii noou.lpqtorctt e rofi unvt vltioh tuKore, 3anBnqrcqefi o ceoefi nphHaAnexHocrr4 r xatxa-ilore, nnQopuau'loHHogHeprerhLrecrcufinoroK srofi uKonbt He sBrqercfl t43HaqarbHbrM n He Hecer a ce6e Cnny uanaL{aflbHoroyqeHnrf xarxa-fiorn. Beponrnee Bcero, B ocHoae noroKa sHeprhr rarofi LuKonbtrexltr HeKoe 3rperopHoe SopMhpoBaHHe, napa3hrl4pylolllee Ha ncrxo3HepreTHqecKnx noroKax ee aAenroB. lUxolut r YqrrenR, flBrltttot4hecq BbrxoAaMhB M14prpAefi hcxogHoro rnQopuanoroKa xarxa-fiorr, hMetor rlHoHHo-oHeprerhLrecKoro B roM, vro6ut 4ycrpareFnqecKylo3ahHTepecoBaHHocrb xoaxurfi noreHllilan KaK MoxHo 6onuulero qhcna qenoBeqecKhx cyqecrts pacKpbttsancsB norlHofi uepe, a ca1 B npouecce 6urrfic Bcenexuofi Bcrpeqaercs/ MflrKo roBopr, He raK yx MHoro cnltyaquil, B Koropbtx Ycnolvle rpex"$r3nvecKoro" KoHTl,tHyyMa npilroAHbt Anfi cyqecrMepHoro BoBaH!19xr13Hr4,BonnoueHHofi e 6enxoBbtx crpyKTypax...
110
111
Ml4 qenoBeqecKhe cyqecTBa aKThBHO BKlloqarhcb B npoqeccbt KocMr,tqecKoroco3uAaHre B KaqecTBe cBo6oAnutx il nonHonpaBHbtxKoMnoHeHTMonorocma, o6naAappploqhx nonHoqeHHo pa3BLtTbrMt4HAABtAyanbHbtM oco3HaHueM,
Vcnosln llparrnra rexH]4K xarxa-ilorr craHoBl4Tcqcpe.qcrBoM Aocrr4xeHhfl cocroeHt4e horu nnwt npil BbtnonHeHnn pn4a ycnoenh, onpe.qenepr4r,rxo6paa xn3Hh npaKTr4Kyloqero.6es BbtRorHeHtae 3Tt4xycnoanfi nph nepexoAe coaHaHheHa 6olee eurcornfi ypoBeHb eynrcr4raoHhpoBaHhsTeno npaKThKymqero pa3pyujaeTcr Bcre,q_ crBhe qpe3MepHok nareucuBHocrtl nepexo.qHbtx npoqeccoB. Tarnu o6paaom, Aaxe ecnh nparrnxy*oqraft h3HaqanbHo He cKnoHeH BbtnoflHflTbycnoBilff 6oneeMeHee6esonacHoro nepexoAd, B KoHeLtHoM cqere eMy nphxoAl4TcffcMr4pt4Tbcg c neo6xoAnMocrbroBHecrh onpe4eneHHbteh3MeHeHnsa ceofi o6paa xnslvl. Ees armx hsMeFteHrffi oH p,tcKyer paccrarbcn c HHcrpyMeHTanbHbrM o6ecne,{eHhe}4 cllcreMbl (er'taravecriau reaou) npexAe, qeM oHo ycneer BbtnorHt4Tb caom $ynrqilh no o6ecneqexnp nepexoAa co3HaHnAB cneAyptqt4ftaeontoqhoHHbrfixonryp1. flpaeuluHoe nhraHhe, Qr:rvecKoe h nchxt4qecKoe 3.qopoBbe h ncnxo3Heprer[qecKar 6esynpeunocrb_ TaKOBbtBbtueynoMr HyTbtey cnoBnn. l-lpr .qocraroLtHo r4HTeHchanofircopperrnofi npaKThKe rex!-thqecKux MeroAoB o6pas x.n3Hvl cau coEofi nprxo4nr B coorBercrBre c neo6xoAnubtMl4ycnoBt*Mvl. r A ecnr no-npocroMy- "olrnHyrb Konbtra, He ycneB 4o6parscn Ao npocBerneHAs".
Co apeueneu npaKThKylor.rlnfinaqrHaer qyBcrBoBarb, KaKas nhu{a npilroAHa Arr Hero, KaKan - Her. l-loeurHacbrqeHhesHeprelrjeHhe ypoBHr TpeFhpoBaHHocTt4, rnqecrcoft crpyKrypbr aneprNeft, ee orcrpofira n SynrTel-lt4oHanbHag onrllMh3aLIHInpnBogRt "$ttsl4,.tecKoe" rtro He coorBerno B cocrotHhe 3AopoBb9, a Ko BceMy, crByer npnHLlnnaMncnxooHeprerhqecKoi 6e:ynpevnocTr, npocTo nponaAaer hHTepec. Ecnr ucxoAFtoe cocroeHhe gHepFernqecrcoficrpyK"BKrroqeHhg" Typbl raKoBo, qro Anq ee nonHoqeHHoro B npoqecc rpeHnpoBovxoil nparcThKhoAHr4xtonurco co6TeXHhKHeAOCTaTOqHO, CTBeHHO TpeHhpOBOrrHblX Ha HaqanbHbrx 3Tanax hcnonb3yroTct AononHhTenbHbre TexHnKH oqr,ruleHnn.KorAa neo6xogruocrb B nphMeHeHxh AononHhTerbHblx TexHhK BHyTpeHHeFoor{r,ru{eHwBornaAaeT/ hx npeKpaulapT nphMeHrTb, nocKonbKy nph BbfnorHeHhh "nchxogHeprernqecKl4x ycnolvlh" frMbl n Ht4qMbtcoLteraHheacaHbt c npaHaqMoil enoaFte caMot4 B Crryqae, KOrAa 3HepreTnLrecKagCTpyKAOCTaTOLTHO "o6y.{eHa" 14Mnonb3oBarbcfl,o6ecneqhaaer Hahrypa 6onee norHoqeHHoeee oqhu{eHheHa Bcex ypoannxl.
flononnnrerbHHe
TexHr[}|ortxqeHlf,tHeprerlqec[0rcrpylrrypH2 I
npneoxy 3AeCb npeAenbHo KpaTKne onhcaHht
A O n O n H n T e n b H b r x TexHHK oq!4l4eHhc gHepFernqecrofi
1 "Tor, KTo crpaAaer rg6uruoM xr4pa rnr Qneruut, nycrb npaKThKyer uecrb oq14crnrerbHbrx Aeilcteufa. He nMeloqeMy9Tl4xHeAocrarKoBuecrb oqhcrhrenbsurxAeficrenil Hu K .{eMy"("Xarxa fiora npa4nnv
;
t12
,{
I
crpyKrypbr nhub a Frah6onee oGuleu BnAe, pyKoBorur coo6paxeH he Mr : AcrByecb cneAytolt1l4 . e He Buxy cMbrcnanpeBpau{arb Kparrcril roHqenpyKoryanunuril olrepK B AeranbHoe npaKTilr{ecKoe
I I b
BOACTBO;
. BCeynoMqHyTbreHilxe rexHhKl4yxe 6utnn He pa3 nogpo6no, Tor{Hoh nonHoLleHHo onhcaHbt- oAH14 pa6orax, B Mor4x npeAbrAylqrx Apyrile e pa6orax He Apyrilx aBTopoB/cAenaBurx 3To KaK M],tH14MyM xyxe/ qeM Mor 6ur c4enaru n; . Han6oree aQ$ercrnaHbtMt4cnoco6aun nepeAaqh npaKrhqecroir rnQopMaLlut4n cuuran (1) HenocpeAcrBeHHytonepeAaqy, qro Ha3btBaercfl"r3 ycr B ycra", n (2) craetuee ceroAHr AocrynHbrMnpaKTuqecKn4rn nrc6oro qenoBeKaBilAeo.
0qnulenne norolrotl -capa -AxayI[-ltpxltn1) (arnr BHyfpeHHer0 orHR ,Qnxaurvecrcoe qepeAoBaHue 4raa$parnanbHoro BaKyyMHOTO BTflrhBaHh9XhBOTa, TpaAhLlt4OHHO rMeHyeMoro ygpnana-6aH4xoii', c nonHbtMpaccna6lennem h BbrnflqrBaHheM 6proutnofi creHKh - Bce aro B nay3e MexAy npeAenbHononHbtMBbtAoxoMh BAoxoM.9acrora - oAr4H rlrarcriB oAHy-ABe BTqrHBaHhfi-aurnqqheannh ceKyHAbr. OArn nolnurft Kpyr arHh-capa-Axayrrrpnhw - cro oAHHqhKn. Oceareaerce nocreneHHo. oQra$parmarbHoe BaKyyMHoeBTerrBaHhe xrBora BbfnonHneTcg3a CLteTHanpgxeHHoro noAHnTAA AVaQparllaauxofi murulqut, orAenroulefi noaocru rpygnoft ' ArHil - oroHb,orHexnutil;capa - rexy..trfi,TeqeHre, noroK (caucxp.). 2 Ypguxta - BocxoArtr1uh, a3netanulrfi eaepx (caucxp.).
* I
s r f
i I
113 KrrerKil or 6pnuxofi norocrh. ButnqqhsaHne xHBora ocyqecrBngercn 3a cqer HanpflxeHHoroonycKaxhq rofi xe camoil graaSparmanuiiofrMbtlqqbl. l-locne roro KaK hctlepnbtBaercqxeo6xoAl4MocrbB npaKThKeAononHhTerbHblxTexHhK o'.ltlqeHhq 3Heprernqecrcoil crpyKrypbt, arHH-capa-Axayrh-Kpnhrc MoxHo "BcrpoeHBpeMnor BpeMeHnnpaKThKoBarbB KaqecrBe Hoil" B acaHy rexHhKtt ncilxosHeprernqecKoroKoHTpoKorAa Bo3HhKaeroLllyqeHne !-lenenA - B Te MOMeHTbl, noAo6Horo rexHhqecKoro nphMeHeHilq coo6paanocrn npileMa. Vrpou cpa3y )Ke nocre npo6yxgenule arHu-capaAxayrr-Kpnfiq r4oxer nphMeHerbcq KaK orAenbHaq ca"BKtltoLleMocronTerbHaflnpaKThKaAnq nonHoqeHHoro "AxeeHoil arHhf" gHeprerilvecKoficrpyrrypbl B noroK arHn-capa-AxayrhTnBHocrh".Tarcilpthcnonb3oBaHi4eM "Texyt4ee" orHeHrpvliln, KpoMe roro, o6ecne\.thBaercn HOe Oqhu-leHheopraHh3Ma, K KoropoMy hMeer cMblcn BpeMflor BpeMeHnnpn6eraru, e oco6eHHocrt4'ecnu no nphL{hHaMo6pas xr3Hn He BnonHe coorBerKaKr,rM-To "cron poqenrno fi ornqecKoMy". crByer
x nyrlbcllpylolqxfi Crarnqecrrf , ArHailttttecrnf (naynn Hayn]t-ltp[[n1) x HryT Oprouttto[ l4aornpoeaHHoeHanpqxeHhe Mbltuuxl4Bora Ha3blaarcr 6prculHbiMxryToM, nnn HaYnn. OrrcrpoBaHHoe HanpnxeHhe - crarhqecrnft 6prcr.r:nofixryr, nnn co6crBeHHo Haynr. Bolnoo6pasxoe nepeMeqeHhe 3oHbl HanpqxeHht nonepeK xhBora - AhHaMhqecrnfi6ptouixofi xryt, Ann Haynv-rpnfin. t Haynq eonHynt4ricr, norputrutfi BonHaMu (o6 oreaue). Kpuhn - Aeicrene (caucrcp.).
115
tL4 Fptoruxoil xryr BbtnorHqercf nocpeAcrBoM npeAenbHoFo r43onrpoBaHHOrO HanprxeH14q cooTBeTCT_ eyrcqeft rpynnbt Mbtlrll_lna Soxe nonHoro paccaa6leHl,rr Bcex ocrarrbHbtx Mbtutq xhBora e eaae $nrcaqnr 4raSpan"ra.nbHoro BaKyyMHoro BTflrhBaHns xhBora B nay3e nocne npeAenbHoro norHoro BbtAoxa, Hanpnxenre npeMbtx Mbtulqcepe4rnnutfi 6prcunofi xryr - MaAxbeMhKa-Haynn.Fprcurxofi xryr, cMeqeHHbrfianeeor- neBocroponnnfi 6prou.rnoi xryr BaMa-Haynh. Eprcuxofi xryr, cueulenHurfi BnpaBo,npaBocroponxnfi6prcr.uxofixryr - AaKtunHa-H aynnr. ,{an eurnonHeHhtcepeAhHHoro6pnuxoro xryra B $ase Qnrcca:1ln 4r,raQparna.nbHoroBaKyyMHoroBTerilBaHhfl xr4BoTa HaKroHflloTcnBnepeA n, yneplut4cb py_ KaMn B 6e4pa HaA KoneHRMil,nbtratorcq KaK 6ut c cnnoh corHyrbcfl eu{e 6oauue, nonb3yncb Ann sroro To.nbKonpflMbrMnMbluJLlaM[ xhBora, Ognaro pyKaMhHe no3Bonrpr rely crn6arbcn. B peaynurare HanprxeH_ Hbre npqMbte MbtuJt-lbt xl4BoTa BbtngqnBaloTcqB BhAe npoAonbHoFoBanhKa, coeAhHsloqero ao6roByro Kocrb h cepeAhHy rpy4xoft KrerKH. B 6pnurnoft nolocrra cog_ Aaercq AoBonbHo rny5orcnit BaKyyM, .tro cnoco6crByer o6nnunouy nprroKy KpoBr4K BHyrpeHHhMopraHaM n npaHbt K coorBercrByloLqhMtrM opraHau e$npxofi ror,l_ noHeHTblsHeprernqecroi crpyKrypbl Ilpaaocroponanh 6prounoft xryr BblnonHqerce no_ cpeAcrBoMcMeu.leHhfl HanpexeHhq BnpaBo 3a cqeT ne_ peHoca AaBneHhe npenMyu.lecTBeHHo Ha npaByp pyKy. AHanorh..{F{o neBocroponHnfi 6prou.rnofixryT BbrnonHq_ eTcg 3a cqeT nepeHocaAaBneHrq npenMylqecTBeHHo Ha neByp pyKy. B npaeocropoHHeMh ,leBocropoHHeMBa_ ' MagxuRrua - HaxoAruluicnnocepe4rHe,cepe4ruxuri. - npaaui (caucrp.), Bama- nesurft.,eaxu.rrHa
pHaHTaxcraTnqecKoro6ptoutHoroxryra 3oHa BaKyyMa B npaByp n neByo qacTH cMeuaeTcflcooTBeTfiBeHHO norocrh. 6prolr.rxofi ,[rnaunvecrufi 6prcu:HofixryT BblnonHflercn3a cqer nraBHoronepeHocaHanpnxeHhqc oAnoli pyKil Ha Apyryro n o6parno. l-lpr eroM xryT Hanpex(eHHblx nepeMeqaercn nonepeKxllBora.
1
I j
'l
nepeMeuaercr coo6paano nepeMeqeHnp xryTa Harny6orrafi aaryyunutil Maccax npexeHHbrx MblutLlBHyrpeHHhxopraHoB t4 hx npoMblBaHnearRrnaaeMoil a o6nacru BaKyyMa KpoBbto. l-lynuoapyrorqr,rfi6ptoutnofi xryr npeAcraBnqer co6ofi ArnanhtrHoe qepeAoBaHhecepeAhHHoro6ptounoro xhBora BTsrvlBaHheM xryra c rny6orcnMBaKyyMHblM MaAxbflMhKa-Haynnc YpAneHa-6anAxoil' 9acroraHa oAhH-ABa LlnKIa B CeKyHAy, Lll4ctlo ql4KtloBcKoIbKo xBarilT 3aAepxKl,lAblxaHHq' Ecnh nossonrer nonoxeHhe rera, lto6ute 6prcuc $rrcaqrefi nog6oHbre MaHrnynsqhh BbtnonHqtoTcn poAor{Horo3aMKa- AxanaHAxapa-6axAxvtt KopHeBoro 3aMKa- uyna-6aHAxt'i'. O6ur.{Has nocneAoBarenbHocrb Moxer 6utru rarcofi: HaqnHatorc Qnrcaqrr cepeAuHHoroxryra, 3areM BblnorHRror HecKolbKo qhKnoB AnHaMhqecKoro xryTa cnpaBa HatteBo;3areM- Ha oArH qrrl 6onuule - cneBa HanpaBo, 3aTeM eqe oAilH qrKn cnpaBa HareBo yl 3aKaHqhBarcTHecKonbKhMrlLlnKnaMil nynbc[py]oqero xryra. Bce ero - B Ter.teHlteoAnofi nay3bl nocne BblAot o n u c a n u e 3 a M K o BH o Mc e o 6 o A H o f in p a x a r u e .
c M . H t a x e B pa3Aene, nocBf,uleH-
116
1L7
xa. Moxno noBTopHTbHecKolh,Kopa3. Oceaueaercfl nocreneHHo,oAHaKorqHyrb c ocBoeHheMHeqenecoo6_ pa3Ho. B GolsuuncrBe cnyqaeB AIF nonHoueHHorooc8OeHnflAOCTaTOqHO HeCKOnbKUX HeAerrb. l-lpana pacnpe.qenrercn h HaKannnBaerce.3S$err noAo6ex aSSexry ucnonusyeuofi B AaoccKori fiore "xere3Hofi py6aurr,,. npaKTLIKH 9ro6ur BAoxHyrbnocne BbtnorHeHhqno6oro Baphanra 6pnu:Horo xryra 1t,t6o nocneAoBarenbHocrr,t,cocraBreHHoh ero HecKonbKrMHBaphaHTaMh,cHaqafla paccaa6annr MbtrilLlbtxt4Bora, 3areM 4raa$paruy n TOIbKO nOC'|e TOrO, KaK ycTpaHeHo BaKyyMHOeBTrrrn_ BaHhe xHBOTa/ OTKpbtBanTronocoBylo ulefib n ge'|arcT usrxnfi MeAreHHbtfi cnorcofinurfi e4ox - TaK, KaK 3To onhcaHo TaM/ r.q,epeqb rAeT O TeXHHKeBblnoflHeHnfl yAAnsna-6aHAXH. Tarc xe, KaK arHu-capa-Axayru-tcpwfrn,Bce Bapr_ axrut 6prouJHoroxryra Moryr hcnonb3oBarbcfl B Kaqe_ crBe "BcrpoeHHbtx"B npaKT[Ky acaHbt rexHhK nc!4xoSHepreThqecKoroKoHTpOnr- TaM/ rAe B COOTBeTCTBI4]4 c co6creeHHbtMrotqyu{eHhnMilnpaKTrKytou{erosro qe_ necoo6pasno.
pBoron (oauana-flxayil-trpt{lr1 Oqnqente ) 06pauqaer BBepx H14cxoAeult4fia$rapnuril noroK, hMeHyeMbrfi anaHa-eaftrc,roropurfi oraevaer 3a peanh_ 3aqhlo @ynrcqrfi BbtAeneHhe.Oreeqarcu4afi sa rasoo6_ MeH h accnunnaUhto 3Heprrn tsocxoAflulnfinororc, uMe_ xyeuurfi npaHa-aafin, peaKTLIBHoo6paqaercq BHn3. O6urqHoeAnl qenoBer{ecKoroopraHhsMareqeHhe npo_ ' BaMaxa - pBora, Axayril crBhe (caucxp.).
or{l4lqeHhe,rcpnitn-
aefi-
LleccoB,npnBoArrllee K paccenBaHhtoxrgseHHoracHRbr, npeo6paayercn. 3neprufl HaKanrilBaercn B 3oHe roKacaMaHa-Bariro'- cepe4mFrHcro:d:npnoro nonngallv1v1 ToKa, orBeqarculero 3a pa6ory opraHHqecrcafiSynrcqnn nepeBaprBaHhq nhLqt4,B qacrHocrh/ a o6racrh con"norg cDe4Hero HeqHoro cnrereHilq - nnxgeft qacrh cBera"2, orKyga Moxer 6stru rcnorb3oraHa rqnt pa3BhsHeprerhqecKoricrpyrrypur. run sQrpuori xorqnoHeHTbr flapannenuHo o6paulaercs noroK Broporo aSnpnoro cnor BHyrpeHHeroBpeMeHr/ qro npilBoArr K Syurcqnobr. HaflbHoMyoMoroxeHh to cl4cTeM flparcrmryrcrca ABe ocHoBHbte pa3HoBr,lAHocrh orl4u{eHhs paorofi - 'aeficrBr4e croHa" (rynu4xanaBaMaHa-Axayrn-rpnhn)' n "4eftcreue rhrpa" (6arxaBaMaHa-Ax ayru-xpuiln)a . Cnon na6npaer xo6oroM BoAy h 3areM c cnnofi aur6pacureaer ee. Taroea KyHbAxana-BaMaHa-Axayrhrcpnhn. Haroqarc BbrnrBaercq raKoe KonhqecrBo BoAbr, ttro6ut xenyAoK oKa3arcg HanorHeHHbtM AoBepxy. ButnorHqercq HecKonbKoqhKnoB Haynh-Kpnfin, 3areM eur3brBaercs paorxurfi peSnerc ta Bcs BoAa orpbtrhBaercs. OroH.{aHhe rpuhn - nycrofi xefiyAoK 14KhcroBarurfi c ropeqbp BKyc Bo pTy. Tnrp orpurrnBaer ocrarKr cr'eAennoil nhqh nocne Toro, xarc uar6oree nhrarerrbHan qacrb ee ycBoeHa. Taxoaa 6arxa-sal4aHa-Axayrn-rcpnhn. Cnycrn HeKoropoe BpeMn nocre eAbr BbrnhBaloTBoAy, 3anorHt4BxeryAoK, BbrnorHslor Haynn-Kpniltou Bbt3btBalorpaornurfi peQnerc. YceoeFiFtaq"ToHKafl" qacrb nhu.lt4ocraercq, 1 Cauana - paenurfi,oALrHaKoBbrfi, ypaenoeerrrBarc(caucxp.). u1ufi,^eurpaauheaoqHfi 'Cm. Cn4epcrrfiA. TperueorKpblrxeCrnur. ' KyHu.qxana- cnoH (caucxp.). o 6arxa - rvtrp (caucxp.).
118
119
ee cy6craHqnoHanbHafi qacrb/ Ha ycBoeHne roropofi rpe6yercn 3arparnrb .qononHurenbHyrogHeprhto, Bbr_ 6pacuraaercR. floncraKaHa MorloKa cMsrqaer ils6urtoq_ surfi oroxu. fiyvu:e, ecln ladnoro 6y4er renauru. Er4e nyque BMecTo qhcToro MOflOKaBbtnrTb nolcTaKaHa_ craKaH MonoqHorophcoBoro orBapa (noloenHy qaftHofi noxKh 6enoro nnu n<enroro phca BapFT B oAHoM craKa_ He MoroKa Ao craAilt,t .'BocKoBoil,, roroBHocrl4, MorIoKo BbtnhBapT, A€tB eMy HeMHOTO ocTblTb, pt4c cbeAapT, TrqarenbHo pa3xeBblBat,qo cocrosH14RogHopo4nofi rau:rqur). MHororparHurfi cgurroeulfi Maccax sy6oe ra AeceH no Kpyry c BHyrpeHHeilta aHeunefi cropoHl crhMynhpyer BbrAeneHhe6onuuroro KonHqecrBa crrcHbt. flporaorre cnloHy, MoxHo raKxe nonyLl4Tb eeeexr cMgrqeHhgnhu{eBaphTenbHoro orHg. Caox o6pau{aer noroKr4. Tnrp - npuyqaer gHeprerilqecKylo crpyKrypy KoH_ qeHTpt4poBarsCnly. B r,rs6urrreonaceH, n6o nnqeea_ pnrelunurfi oroHb Moxer eurfirh u3_norq KoHTponfl.Boc_ craHoBt4rb6aaanc He raK npocro. florouy npaKTrKyercq orpaHh'.{eHHo14,,lHutbl43peAKa_ B Tex c,ly,{agx, KO_ r4a HyxHo hg6aehrucA or nsnwxKa cbeAenxofi nru4n, KOrAa opraHhsMy ocTpo He xBaTaeT 3Heprhn, npl4 qpe3MepHoM noBbtueHhlt K14CIOTHOCTH XenyAoqHoro coKa BcneAcrBhe nnTaHnA, He cooTBeTCTByOqero Tpe_ 6osaxhsr't fioruqecxofi nparruru, nv,t6o'qro6ur,rbu_ Bhrbcfl or sacrofixofi r,rs6ulrouxofironqeHTpaqrr aHep_ rvu B 3OHecolHeqHoro cnreTeHuc 14XenyrqKa. Haynn-xpniln B npaKThKe BaMaHa_AXayru_rcpnhvr Moxer Bblnor HnrbcR xemy6oxo.
ct4AA Ha KoproqKax c paccraBreHHblMl4 Ha uupl4Hy B HaKttoHectoc1. nneq crynHsult. Moxuo npaKTHKoBarb l-locne roro KaK xeo6xoAl,tttocrb B 6onee-mexee perynnpnoil npaKThKe BaMaHa-AXayrr rcqepnaercfl, hcnonb3ylor or cnyqan K cnyqalo no Mepe HaAo6nocrn.
rorcrorofilueqHlra (6acrn-xapua2 JlpottHsaHne ) lzlcnonuayor il aAKo ornon h poBaHHylo 6a m6yroayn rpy6ry Anunoh B naAoHb, AhaMerp rcoropofi nphMepHo Tarofi xe, KaK AnaMerp cpeAHero natlbqa. Kpan aaKpyrneHbr H Tu{arenbHo ornolt4poBaHbt. l-loeepxnocru nponilTaHaBocKoM. Tpy6xy cMa3btBator Ba3enhHoM nnr TonneHbtM MacnoM, BcTaBnqrcTB aHyc, BXoAflTB BOAy nO nOqC il BbrnorrHnlorcepeAhHnutfi crarnqecrcrft 6prcuxoil xryr. Moxno BbrnorHnrb, cvt4r-B BoAe Ha Koprottrcax.HanprMep, B BaHHe.floaepxnocrb BoAbt.- Ha ypoBHe nynKa. Toncrurfi KhueqHhK HanoaHqercs eoAofi. fianuue Bce, KaK npr o6utvxoil rlNsMe Flpo6neua B ycnoBnqx HopManbHoroqeroBeqecKoFOXt4nnUla c pa3AenbHblMcaHy3noMcocrohT B ToM, t{To no 3oBy npnpoAbt t4s eaFtHofiKoMHarbt BbrcKaKhBatou1nii ilorun 6eg ulraHoe, rotoputfi onpoMerlhBhru,r3oBaxnurfi run 6pocaercfl B Tyarer, urenan MoKpbtMhHoraMh no naKupoBaHHoMy napKery n ocraBnnn ea co6ofi ny>Kut MOXeT B OTAeIbHbTXCIyqaqX npoh3BoAl.lTb HexerlaTer'rbHoeBneqarrreHheKaK Ha co6craeHHbtxAoMauHrx,
OnrnmanuxuruMn npaKTnKHo6or,rx BaphaHToB BaMaHa-Axaytn-tcpnhrnpt4Hrro cr{nTarb no,lOXeHre 1 Cr.l.pa6oru
M.gna.
I
1 H a n p r u e p , n o q r i l T e n b H oc K n o H h B [ l r c b n e p e A y H h r a 30M... 2 6actn - ny3brpb (cancxp.). HanonHcqcu ao4ofi, xnlleqHrK pa3AyBaercs, KaK ny3blpb.
L20
L2T
TaK h na rocreft, BoBce He o6q:arerbHo noAroroBneHHbtx K noAo6r+urm crcpnpil3aM.flotrouy nyqu.renpocro Hanhrb qucryro BoAy B Ta3, AocraroLtHo 6onuu.rofi n rny6orcnfi Anr roFo, qro6ur B fieM MoxHo 6urao cecrb Ha KoproqKr,t,norpy3rB Teno B BoAy Ao ypoBHe nynrca. -fas ycTaHaBnrBaeTcgB TyaneTe, .qBepb KoToporo 3ani4pa_ ercr h3Hyrph. Onrruanunas reMneparypa BoArlt_
s3B, ycrpaHeHhto BocnanilTenbHbtxnpoueccoB, N:6ae.fieHhloor a*a3po6nurx un$ercqnfi" Oqruaer KpoBb,onTHMH314pyeT BHyTpeHHtonceKpeL{uto. Moxno npaKTilKoearbB rro6oe BpeMF.HnrorAa ne noBpeAhr, O4xarco, KaK HerpyAHo Aora.qarbcq, e 6onuuIhHcrBe cnyqaeB npoqecc conpoBox,qaercfl 8o3H14BpeMs or BpeMeHhHecKoltbro He6naro3ByqKaloulr4Mkl h He coecem Gnaronpvert4btuvll Mr4 aygHoe$SeKTaMH Hbf c roi{Kr43peHhq ecsAefrcrene Ha o6oHsHre, BpeFteHHbtur QnyrryaLlnqMn cocronHr4flaruocQepur BoKpyr npaKTr/Kyrouero. t{ro B nprnnqHou o6ulecrBe Moxer npnBecrh K HeHyxHbrMocnoxHeHngM...floarouy, 4a6st xe ocrop6rru cnyx v1 Htox yBaxaeMbrx r4MrocnoA (n, paByMeercs, AaM), ncrnnnurfi horwa, rcoropurfiK ToMy xe eu{e r AXeHTnbMen(nycru ne @opuanbHo,Ho no cyr14 BceHenpeMexno), crapaercn caoefi, KoHeqHo x€, npaKTnKoBarbBara-capa-Axayrlr-Kpnftp nn6o B nornt,r6os r43onhpoBaHHoM Kpyry raKhx HoM oAl,iHoLrecrBe, xe frorNnoB,KaK oH caM...
KOMHATHA'.
FlparcrrryrcTno Mepe ueo6xognmocrr. Ecrr raKosofi Her - He npaKrnKylor. Iyuue Bcero B npecHoMBoAoeMec qucroii eogofi. MoxHo B Mope" OgHaro B Hatle BpeMs orbtcKarb orrcpurrurfiBoAoeMc Aocraroquo vr,rcrofi, He crhmKoM xonoAnoi il He cnnurcou conenoft eoAofi - eqe oAHa 6oruuaq npo6lema, nogroMy ror, KoMy npr4MeHeHne 6acrr-rcpnfrul no rcarcnu-nn6onphL{r4HaM npeAcraBnsercs Llenecoo6.pasuuru, MoxHo nopeKoMeHAoBarbo6urq_ Hypoto Knh3MyB coqeraHnv c xaynn-rprftefi.
0qtulenrecrBo3nbtll 1 (rara-capa-AxayIn-Hpnrn noTotrol.t BeTpa )
1) Oqrqennerilanbrr(sacrpa-flxayrr-Hpr{rf,
l-aorapr Bo3Ayx, noKa xenyAoK He HanonHhrcq nM Ao npeAena. Y4epxnBalor Bo3Ayx B xenyAKe, He no_ 3Bolns eMy BbtxoAhrb qepe3 nhqeBoA. Boa4yx nocry_ naeT B KhueqHhK il HaqhHaeTnpoxoAl4TbCKBO3bHero. 9epes nolqaca ocraroK Bo3Ayxa h3 xenyAKa orpbtrh_ Bapr. To, 9ro ycneno nonacrb B Kh[ueqHhK, npoxoAt4T HacKBO3bn cnycTF HeKOTOpOeBpeMq ecTecTBeHHbtM o6pasou yAaAAercAqepe3 gaAunil npoxoA. Cnoco6crayer oqnu{eHh}o noBepxHocrh clh3r4crbtx oboaoqerc nhuleBaphrenbHoro TpaKTa, 3axilBneHhlo 'Bara - Bo3Ayx, Berep(caxcxp.).
3arnatuteaHher h3BneL{eHhg 4nnxxofi norrocKr4 Mapnr. Kar npaarno, ncnonb3yroro6rtqxutfiMeAmLlhHcrrfi 6rHr. noAconeHHofiAo BKyca B rcpyxry, HanonHeHHyro urpornft cre3bl .rhcrofi eogoft, KnaAyr pa3MoraHHurft nerhMerpoeurft6hxr. Bropofi KoHeq npeABapnrerbHo npnBe3brBator K pyqKe KpyxKr4,.rro6urcnyvaftuo He npornornru 6nnr qenhKoM.Ecar eroro He cAenarb n nonHocrbro,Bo3MoiKHbt 6rxr orcaxercqnpornoqeHHbrM )
1 Bacrpa - rKaHb (cancxp.).
t22 npo6reuurl. flyuule rqarerbHo cneAhrb 3a reM, qro6ul aropoft KoHeq BcerAa ocraBance cHapyxr4. flocrenenxo 3arflarbtaalor 6xHr, HaqnHat co cBo6o4uoro KoHqa. 3aroxqra 3arnarbtBatu 6nnt, BblnhBapr HeMHoro BoAbr 14HecKonbKopa3 BbtnonHntor Haynr-rpufiro. 3areu 6nnt BbtracKnBapr - oqeHb ocropoxHo h He roponncu. Ecnr 6nur xe BbtxoAHT,BbtnhBarcTeue HeMHoro BoAbr, paccla6nnrcrcn r cHoBa MflrKo nblratorcq ero Bbrraqhrb. Hn a rcoeu cnyqae He nphMeHror rpy6yro cnny. Ennr ne BblxoAr4T,ecrh 3axar cQnxrcrepou. paccna6nenne cQnxrrepa no3Bonner 6ecnpennrcrBeHHo ero h3Bneltb. Moxxo BbtnonHhrb BaMaHa-AXayrnrpniln. Bnpoueu, no oKoHqaHhh npaKrytKr4Bacrpagxaytn-rcpnhu BaMaHa-Axayrn-rpnftn qenecoo6pasno Bb'rnorHqTb e rto6oM cnyqae. l4ueer cMbtcrl rax4srfi pa3 nonb3oBarbcr cBexhM 6nnrom h nocne oKoHqaHhnnpaKThKhBacrpa-Axayrrrpnhn ero aur6pacbtBarb. Coqeraxne Bacrpa-Axayru-rcpnhn c nayan-rpnftei - camurfieQ$ercrnaHutficnoco6 oqHlqeHhna$rapnofi KoMnoHeHTbl3Heprern qecrcofi crpyKTyp bt t4 crnry n+q,nyl npoqecca KoHlleHrpa\nn B Hefi aneprnn. t-lpn e3Be xeny,qKa nnu ABeHaAUarrnepcrnoft Khr.uKr4 npaKThKyeTcgTO^bKOB CTaAAVI peMhccl4l4. OceahgarcTnocreneuxo. B nepaurfi pa3 3arrrarbrBator crorrbKo, cKolbKo nonyqhrcr, Bo erbpofi - 6oauu.le, B rperrfi - etr1eGonuuteh raK Ao rex nop, noKa He o6yvanrca 3arnarbtBarb Becb 6nxr noqrr Ao caMoro BToporo roxqa2. ' flpaxrrvecKoe hccreAoBaHile nyreri peujeHHe srt4x npo6nell - He nyqurft cnoco6 hcnonb3oBaHrn cao6o4Horo BpeMeHu. 2 3ro npohcxoArT 3 H a q r T e n b H op a H b u e , q e M M o x H o 6urno 6ur oxrAarb.
L23 flperparualor npl4MeHeHile,KaK TotlbKo xeo6xoAnMocrb B npaKTI4KeBacrpa-Axayru-Kpuiln oxaeulBaercq ncuepnanHofi.
1 cre6neu(Aailbla-lxaytll-Hpxlln Oqnqeune ) flparrrrcyerct aHarorhqHo ot{l4qeHhrc TKaHb}o,Ho BMecro 6nnra rpaAnqhoHHo hcnorb3ylor orpeaor cre6rq noroca Annnoh B ABa-Tph ,loKTe. 3auesa cre6nq noToca - o6utqxutfi Me.qhqhHcKnfixeay4o'{llstfi Karerep' Karerep 3arnarbtBarcT, ocraBhB ero KoHeq cHapy>Kn. 3atem, He BblHhMaq Karerep/ BblnhBatoToKono nhrpa .rlacrofi npoxnaAHoil eoAut. [lpr arou rluarenbHo cneART 3a reM, .lto6ut Karerep He oKa3arcfl npornoqeHHbrMnonHocrbto2.3areu Bbt3btBarcT paornurfi peQreKc h B TeqeHhe Toro BpeMeH'l, noKa BoAa Bblrll4BaeTc9, BbtracKr4Baprge6olutuoft orpeeor Karerepa. 3areu npoqeAypy noBTopttor, c KaxAoft nopqreil BblnnBarcqeicq Bo.qbtBbtracKnBaq etlle oAhH ne6onuutofi orpe3oK Karerepa. flocne roro KaK Becb Karerep Bblluefl, BbrrrhBapr Bclo ocTaBuylocg B xenyAKe BoAYr HecKonbKo pa3 Bbr3brBatpeorxuti peQrexc. Karc n Bacrpa-Axayrn, cnoco6creyer o6pauteHhlo HanpaBneHns noroKa anaHbt t4 peaKThBnouyo6pauleHhrc HanpaBreHhg ocHoBHorofloToKa npaHbl n noToMy TaKxe o6naAaer oMorax[Ba]oulrM AeficreneM Ha opraHr43M.l4s6aeaqer or MHorHx npo6nem, cBg3aHHblxc 1 AaHuAa- nanKa,cre6enu(caucxp.). 2 Ecnn 3To Bce xe no rarcouy-nn6oHeAocMorpynpopBorHbtfipe$nexc - Ao rex r43ourno,cpa3y xe Bbt3btBator nop, noKa Karerep He 6y4er fi3BneqeH.Hn e roeM cnyqae Henb3t Aonycrt4Tb,qro6ut Karerep oKa3arcc B Kl4uJeqHHKe. OrryAa Ao6utru ero 6y4er 3HaqhrenbHocnoxHee, qeM ta3xenyAKa.
rz5
L24 h HeKoropbtMr4 opraHuqecKhMnHaQynrr-lraonarbHbtMt4 pyueHheMr pa6orur opraHoB nrqeBapenrR. flognnuaer o6quil 3Heprerhqecrrfi ToHyc opraHn3Ma 3a cqer pa3alr ,rne cnoco6nocrr,t sslrpnslx ronnil BHyTpeHHHX opra HoB KoHqeHTphpoBaTbAOnOn HrTen bHyK)gHeprlJn. flpu neaexxofi 6onesHt,t xenyAKa il ABeHaALlarHnepcrloil Kt4ruKt4npaKTnKyercs rolbKo B craAilr peM|ACCL41A.
Ecnn ner neo6xogur.locrt4,He npaKTllKytor.
-ltpr{ln 1) (Ail{aflallpouuoanleHocoiloTtr[ Hrrr{ _.1
Lincryrc xonoAHyro npecHylo BoAy 3aqepnbtBarcT naAoHAMlA,norpyxarcT B Hee HOC11BTgrhBa}oTcKBO3b o6e noagpn B por, nocre qero BbtnneBbtBapr.3auepnbrBarcTeule, oAHy Ho3AplO3axuMatoTocHOBaHHeM na_ AoHa4teropofi BTnrhBalor BoAy. Burnreeureator. flostopnror, cMeHnBHo3Apn.Ha6nparor B por HeMHoroBogbt, HaKnoHqlorcflTaK, .{ro6ut roloBa oKa3anacb o6pauleHnofi uarcyutrcofienra, h L{epe3Ho3Apl4BbtAyBa}orBoAy h3o pra. BHoeu 3aqepnbrBatornphroplrlHloBoAbtr eu1e pa3 BTgrhBatoree o6erur Ho3ApRMt4, nocre qero BbtnneBbtBapr. Tarog nepeurfi cnoco6 - cauurfi ee$ercl.netath, xo n uan6oree xecrKnfi. Becuua.onaceH. To xe caMoe c uopcrofi ao4ofi - MeHee xecrrcrft cnoco6. Ecnr aoAa xonoAHas- TaKXe onaceH. Ecnn BO.qaqepecqyp coneHae- HenpngTeHil qpeBaT pa3_ ApaxeHreM cnh3ncrofi o6oloqrcn HocornorKl4. 9ucryn npoxnaAHyo npecHyto BoAy HannBator B KpyxKy n conr'r Ao BKyca c.ne3bt.Florpyxaror B Hee Hoc h BTqrnBapr BoAy B por. Burnreerraator. flanulleM 3a_ l gxana - BoAa(caucxp.).
xnMarcT oAHy HO3AptO,BTOpytOnorpyxanT B BOAy/ BTerhBalor BoAy B por, BbtnreBbtBapr" Ha6npaor B por FreMHoroBoAbl. Butgyaator qepe3 Hoc. BHoeb norpyx(aBOAy B pOT, BTRThBatoT roT Hoc B BOAy, CKBO3bHO3Ap14 BbrnreBbrBalor. Menee xecrrnfi cnoco6. Moxer 6utru onacHbtMnpn cKnoHHocTHK BocnalnTerbHblMnpoqeccaM B HocornorKe n npuAaroqHbtx norocrqx. Menee onaceH, ecrh He BbtnonHqrbrperbrc Qasy - BbtAyBaHhe BoAbrh3o pTa Llepe3Hoc. flnn nparrhKn LterBeprorocnoco6a HyxeH cneqhHgrm-nor. Moxxo BaMeHhrb qrcro anunurft cocyA 3aBapoqHbtMqafiHfixot'r"BoAy HanrBarcT B BbrMbrrbrM cocyA. Hocnrc BcraBntnr B oArly Ho3gpto" Har.noHqq roroBy 14cocyA, Ao6hsalorcfl TaKoro ,,tx B3aHMHoronoroxeHr4q, nph KoropoM BoAa 6ecnpennrcrBeHHonlloreKaer cKso3b Hoc Ns oAHoft Ho3gptt B Apyryp h BbtfihBaercn Hapyxy, flora BoAa reLrer cKBo3b, He6onuuoe ee BTfirhBator B pcr. 3areu BbtnJIeBbtBator. KoJr14qecrBo ['{eHfircr Ho3Apto" Cronuro Bo.qbl nporeKfio c oguofi cropoHbr, croJrbKo xe nycrb nporeqer n c 4pyrofi. HeTeuneMHoro BoAbt BTqrnBalorB por 14BbrnfieBblBalor. parypa BoAbr- coo6pasuo uerqM. Xecrraq ncnxo3HeprerhqecKaflnpaKTi4KaAnq nofiytleHHt MaKcHplar]bHo BbrpaxeHHoro eSQerra e a$npnoM 'rene - BoAa xonoAHaq npecHan. 9yru uenee sSSercrnBHaenpaKT,rKa - BOAaXOflOAHaq,HO nOACOfleHHag AO BKyCaCre3bt. V1To, 14Apyroe BecbMaonacHo, l-rrrexnqecKafl npatle ThKa - BoAa nphtrHo npoxnaAHae noAcofleHHaq,Menee aSSeKThBHo, oAHaKo noLrrl4 coBceM 6e3onacHo, npaKecnu Her oqaroB BocnaneHrn. TepaneBTilLtecKag TilKa - BoAa rennaq. l-lpn BocnannrenbHbrxnpoqeccax - BoAa olteHb renrag, no4coneHHaRc Ao6aeneHheM u.lenorKh nhu{eeofi coAbr H AByx-Tpex Kanenb nsrnnpoLleHrHoropacrBopa fioAa na 200 un.
L26 Marcnuanuxoil nchxo3Heprernqecrcofi eSSerrraHocrbro o6naAaer KoHTpacrHurfiaapranr npoMbrBaHrt HocornorKh. CHaqala - oqeHb renrafl, npaKThqecKh ropnqae no cy6rercTnBHoMyetqyu{eHhto, noAconeHHal BoAa, 3areM xonoAHac noAconeHHaq BoAa. Bce 3TO- C hCnOnb3OBaHneM COCyAa HoAn9 npoMbtBaHHc cornorKu. 3arem - npecHan xonoAHaff BoAa B coorBercrauvl c nepBbrMcnoco6or'r.Oasa c na6npanneM BoAbtB por h BbrAyBaHreMqepe3 Hoc He o6RsarenuHa. Boo npoqeAypy MoxHo oArlH-ABa pa3a noBropt4Tb.Oqexu - oqeHb onacHo. s$$ercrneHo n B nephoA ocBoeFn4fl OAxaro npn KoppeKrHoft nparrnre Aaer pe3ynbrar, Koroporo HeBo3MoxHo Ao6nrucff HhKaKhMvl ApyrnMn cnoco6auu. f'lparcrnra npoMbtBaHilq HocornorKt4 crl4Mynhpyer KoHqeHTpaLlllo3Heprnn a e$npAurx crpyrrypax AAxHn-qaKpbr,qeM cnoco6creyer HaKonreHnp 6onuuloro KonhLlecrBagHeprrh, Koropar Moxer 6utru ncnorb3oBaHa Anq QopurapoaaHnA Bonn n pa3BATnqcnoco6Hocrh eto ynpaBnlTb. Crnuylnqhq HepBHbrxorcoHqaHhfie cnnsncroi,t ooonoqre HocornorKn npnrnry'Baer BHHMaHhe K cepeAnHe roroBbt. Koxqexrpaqnr BHHMaHhTBeAeT K KOHqeHTpaqhr3Heprnu A pasBnTrlo Tex acneKToB Bocnphsrhc, KoropbtecBc3aHblc eroil soFtofi. Ychahsaercq AHHaMhKaKpoBoo6patt.1eHhq e o6racTr4 Hocorlorrcn. l-lpn KoppeKTHofinparrrre ycrpaHntorcc sa6oneBaHhg Hoca, HocornorKr4t npnAaloqHbtx nonoctefi, rnaa. HapyueHHoe 3peHhe Moxer BoccraHaB'|UBaTbCq.
Cnoco6crayer noBbtrleHhp ocrporbt 3peHhn ta pa3Btfrh1ocnoco6nocrn "ToHKoro" BocnphflTAA,coorBercr"S Bytoqero r3iagecKolay"3phren bHoMyBocnpnRTHto. Flpn neroppeKTHoMncnonb3oBaHhrBo3HhKatorcoorBercrByloqre npo6leMul. Oceat4Baercqc ocropoxHocTbK)14nocTeneHHo,oAHaKOpeuuTenbHo.
L27 flocae roro KaK Heo6xo4nmocrb B npaKTilKe Axa,ra-H9T14hcqepnaeTcg, 3Ty TexHHKy MOXHOBpeMr OT BpeMeHr npnMeHtrb B KaqecrBernrheHnqecroft npoqeAypbl. ulacrac npaKThKanpoMbraaHhsHocorlorKr4B TaKOMCnyqae cMbrcra He hMeeT. [lpaxrmrcynAx
r43BolbHoBbrnhBaercf Hapyxy. Paayueercn, B caMbre HenoAxoAnlqre MoMexrur. flparcTnKaacaH yAanqer ocTarKet BoAbl. l-loaromy MexAy BbtnonHeHheMAxana"BbtXO4oM B CBer" t-lt4Bhnh3otsaHHoMy H3Tt4 tl ilornny hMeeTcMbrcnyAenhTb BpeMqAocTaToqHonnrexcrgnoil npaKThKeacaH,
(cyrpa-xru-rplff,1) 0qrqenneflocornorfir Hnrblo flea ronrcnx nyqKa HhroK Annnoil B loKorb - TahMeHyeMbrficyrpoft. OArn KoHeLlKaKoB r4HcrpyMeHT, xAoro nyqKa nponilTbrBaeTcqBocKoMHa AntlHy naAoHl4. AAercearHaq3aMeHa- yperpaauxsrft Karerep AhaMerpoM ABa-rpn Mnnnvuerpa. Karerep o6na4aer npeuMyulecTBoM- nocre [cnonb3oBaHhfl ero AocTaToqHoBbtMbrrb ropn.{eil eoAofi c MbrnoM.Cyrpy, h3roroBneHHyto t43HhroK, nocne ynorpe6neHhs nyque Bcero aur6pocnru. flocne npaKTnKH Axana-H3Th B KaxAyro Ho3Apto BCTaBrnroTno cyTpe, KoTopyo npeABaphTerbHo cMaqhBalor B noAconeHHofi eoAe. Ecnn g KaqecrBe cyrpbt t4cnonb3yeTcfl KaTeTep,ero BBoA9TB HO3App 3aKpyrneHHbrMKoHqom. KorAa KoHeq cyrpbr noKaxercc 143orB€p: crr,rr B x€6e, ero 3axBarblBalor nanbqaMh r BbtracKhBalor l43o pra. To xe caMoe npoAenbtBapr co aropofi 1 Cyrpa - Hrrb (caucxp.).
I
r2s
128 ABnxeHl'ltlMhHecKonbKopa3 npocyrpoil. PrrunqHuttt'tl4 Tnrhaator o6e cyrpul oAHoBpeMeHHo1'13Hoca B por 14 o6parno, yAepxhBan rx 3a"KoHqbl.Teu cauutu CIcyqecrBnnercfl BHyrpeHHnfi uaccax HocomorKn' 3areu o6e qepe3 poT h eqe pa3 BblnonHtlloT cyTpbr BblTacKnBaloT AXana-H3Tt4. Cyrpa-uaru cyqecrBeHHo ycHnHBaer Aeftcrane AXana-H3Tr. OrAenuHoor AXana-H3ThHe npaKTnKyercc. BcerAa BcraBnqercq MexAy AByMtl nocneAoBaretlbHbrMHBbtnonHeHhgMhAxana-H3T14.flcnxoaneprerhLlecrnfi eSQeKT - Tor xe, qro n y AXana-HgTl4'Ho Bblpaxen xecrqe. CooreercrBeHHo HerarhBHblenocneAcrBhq HeKoppeKTxoilnparcrnKhMoryr 6utru 6onee onacHblMt4' Ocsaltgaru cyrpa-H3Tl4 cne4yer xpafine ocropoxTonbKo neo6xoAttt'locrb B aroil nparrnre ce6q Karc xo. vrcqepnaer, Llenecoo6pasnonpeKparurb ee nphMeHeHhe,
BHI,lMAHHE! flpr na6uttounoft, neocropoxnofi Moryr H3T14 o6a aapnaHTa npaKThKe nnn Henpaennsxofi npilBecTll K TpaBMaTilqecKnMnoBpexAeHhgM HOCOilOTKl,rh cepbe3HbtMHapyueHnnm $yHrr1rfi ee cnngncroh o6oaoqrcr. B peaynurare Bo3MoxHo pa3Bnr[e AocraToqHorgxerbtx xpoHhqecKrx sa6oleaaFlhfi.
TpaHTa nxqeBaplrdnbnoro npo]tuBanne C[sornoe 1 uanrx-nparuanana) llJl]l (sap[-capa-Axayl[-ltprflR l
l
l
-
CaMurfi eQQexrmeHulil cnoco6 oLtt4qeHnR Bcero n r uleBaphTerbHoro TpaKTa' B HecrconsKhxnnrpax oxnaxAeHHoil lo reMneparypbl oqeHb Tennoro, noLlTl4ropnqero, cyna Klan9qexoft 1 Bapr -
soAxutil, BoAa,reKyquh (cancxp')'
BoAbt paeraopclor MopcKylo rnr xepaQrnrpoBaHlyHt noBapeHHyo conb 13 pacqera 5-6 r Ha KaxAui nttltp. Bxyc noAconexnoil BoAbt - BKyc cn€atg,i.Gcail,,6qAaxenOACOneHar pa3orpeTa, nhqeBapHTenbAOCTaTOqHO "BKllot{rrca" B pex[M "cKBo3Horo crQonurfi rpaxr He Ha". BoAa 6y4er no rn o qarbcs' cn t4slt€Tuuqu o6onoqKa Mh o6ulttxutt"tnyreM, xgnyAKa h KHUeqHhKaH BbtBoAt4Tbcq qro ctseAer Ha Her a$$ercr npoLleAypbt.t4 co3Aacr HeaAeKBaTHylo Harpy3Ky Ha no'{Kh 14 l'loqeBblBoAr|4y]o chcreMy. Ecnil aoAa 6yger nepeconeHnoh unn qepecqyp roperrefi, eoauoxHo Bo3Hr4KHoBeHhe pa3ApaxeHxn cr h gr4crbrx o6onoqer n r uleBaphrer bHoro rpa rra. Teuneparypa BoAbl- TeMneparypa cyna, norfloqeHile Kon prHocl4TyAoBonbcTBne. TOpOTO Yrpou HarollaK BbrnnBarlr oAl4H craKaH Bo,qbr, nphroroBnenxoi BbrueonrcaHHbrMcnoco6ou. Burnonxqpr qerbrpe .ynpaxHeHhe, cnoco6creynHhx npoABrxeHhlo BoAbrno nHqeBaplrTenbHoMyTpaK-
r y . .
FlepeoeynpaxHeHue.HarnoHbrBnpaBo-aneao.l4cxo.qHoenoroxeHue - cro9, crynHr Ha ulnpHHenneq. Harnoxcscb, crapalorcc cneAr4Tb3a reu, qro6br rynoBr4lt1e crr6anocs rolbKo r43cropoHbl B cropoHy. Cru6aHhq BnepeAa4cKpyt{nBaH[cB HaKnoHecTapaoTct H36eraru. Flonropnnr 6es ocraHoBoKqerbrpe paaa s o6e cropoHbr- Bcero BoceMbHaKnoHoB. 3ro ynpaxHeHue BoAy h3 xenyAKa npoftrn B ABeHa3acraBrrb AonxHo AqaTunepcfl-rypKnuKy. Bropoe ynpaxHeH[e. fluxauuvnure noBoporbr B cropoHbr. Maxamn pyK noMorapr rynoBhuly cKpyr{HBarbcsKaKMoxHocl4rbHee.Huxaxnx nay3 n ocraHoBoK MexAy noBoporaMn. l4cxoAxoe noroxeHl4e cron, crynHr Ha runphHenreq. 9eM Morqxeeh ArHaMHqHee ABhxeHne- TeM nyque, [1o verurpe noBopora a o6e
5 o-rza
130
131.
cropoHbr- Bcero Boceub. BoAa npoAB[raerc8,no roH.Kol'ly l(hUJeqHUKy.
I
,
Tperue ynpaxljefire., flilxam,iqHbre noBoporbr rynoBru{a co cKpyqHBaHheM a ynope-nporn6e (ypgxsaMyKxa-uJBaracaxa). Pyxmnpnmbte,cTynHhHa uxptrxe nneq, 6eApa u, KoneHlrH€ KacaprcA re]4nn, Horx nonHocrbp BblnpnMf,eHbt" npll noBopor€ Bnpaoo crapatorcn yBlrAerbo6orun rna3aun neByp cr,ynHp, npn nosopore BneBo* npaByp. TqarenuHo cfleAFT aa retr, Hro6u noBopaqlrBalce rolrbKo rqpc. flo verulpe noBopora B Ka)(Aylo cropoHy. Bcero --: Boc€Mb.Hnxarux .,rlay3 h ocraHoBoK.Tas re noBopaqnBaercn.Boga npogonxaer npoABnraTbcflnO TOHKOIi'ly KltuleqHuKyh nepeXOAhTB roncrutfi KhuJer{HhK uleraeproe ynpaxxeHne. CnAn na KoproqKax c paccTaBneHHHfrtH Ha uiltpytHynner{ cjryn}{.9.nn; KraAyT pyKl4Ha .KoreHta.Floaopor ropca BneBo:- npaBoe KoneHo onycKaerct BHr43 Ao KacaHnt3eMn[. BernRAxanpaBneHHa3aA.floaopor ropca BnpaBo- BHt43l4Aer neBoe Ko,rlexo.Flo verurpe,FoBopora ,B Kaxgylo cTopoHy - ecero Boceilb. Hrraxrx nay3-H ocTaHoBoK. flpn noBopoTaxcTapapTct KaK Hoxtfo clt lbHee cxaTb cooTBercrByloulylocropoHy EploutHofinonocrr: noBopartnBaficbBneBO* npaByp, nOBOpat{UBaqCb EnpaBO! ,leBylo. Boga npoABuraercr rro roncromy'KnueqHHKy K npamoftKlruKe. 9eraeproe ynpaxHeH,f€r €Ar,lHcrBeHHOe,B KOTOpOM HanpaBIeHnenepBoro noBopoTarMeeT BHaqeHr4e. Haqrxapr BcerAaco cxarrt npaeofi c?opoHbr xhBora, vro6bt Haqarb npopa6orxy roncroro Khuier.rHhKa c ero BocxoAnu{efiBerBn; Bce uerurpe,ynpaxHenilRBbtnorHrlorce e 6urcrpou Teune B BhAe Henpepbnnoi nocneAoBarer:tb+tocrn. O6t4an npoAonxnrenbHocrb nparTrrr ognofi -rarcoi no: oreAooarenbHocrn- oKonooAxoft MnHyrbt.
' B ueroropbrx lrKonax xarxa-ftoril BbrflonHee|4an B nocneAoBaTenbHocTb npaKTrKecKBo3HoronpoMbrBaHvrr xpufi cocrollT H3 nnTlr n Aaxe n3 ulecrx ynpaxuexufi. Onutr noKa3blBaer, qro qerbtpex, npt,lBegeHHbrxB'btuer- AocTaToqHo. BHnonxhe nocneAoBarenbHocru rcpufir. BbrnuBapr 14cpa3y x€ e{qe pa3 npoAenbtelqe oAhr+cTaKaH,BoAbr BarcTBce qerbrpe xpufrn. 3areu BbtnuBatoreqe craKaHh cHoBaBbrnonHclor bHocrbynpaxnen rM. BctonocneAoBaren ynpaxHeHnn flpoAonxapr nlrrb BoAyu BbrnonHnTb uecrb craKaHoeBoAo rex nop, noKa xe 6yger BbrnHTo Abl.
llocne uecroro noBTopeHilRnocneAoBarenbHocnr xpufi ngyr B ryaner r nbrralorcn cnpaBnTb6onuuyro Hy)KAy.B cnyuae HeyAaquBbrnilBapr eqe oAt,rHcraKaH BOAU14e|rle pa3 noBTopgrorBcto nocneAoBarenbHocrb rpufi. Kar npaBilro, 3BaKyaqnnnponcxoAuTnocre uecToro craKana, flpuvem nocne o6urqxrrxrBepAbrxKanoBbrxMaccBbrAenqprcn6onee cBernbrepa3MRrqeHHHe. Ecnt nocne ceAbr,torocraKaHa aeaKyaqytnHe npol4cxoAr,tr,Bbrnon HtKlr 6acru-rapma-xpr,niro hnl4 n pocro Aenaor Knlr3uy - nofl-nrrpa rennofi neconexofi BoAbr. TarhM cnoco6oMMoxHo "BKnto.rt4Tb MexaHr3M"AeSeKaqhil, nocte qero pexrm "cKBo3Horocr$oxa" BKltoqaercn caM co6ofi flocne nepeoft Ae0eKaqhu, Ha KaKoM5H erane oxa Hm npoHsoujra, npoAonxapT nl,|TbnoAcorreHHyp,.,aoAY r Ka)KAot-o conpoBo)t(AagBbrnHBaHlre craKaHa oAHoKpaTxofi nparcruroft nocneAoBarenbHocruA noxoAoMB ryal er. 3a rcanq rBa ercn npaKTflKa Bapl4capa- gxayr n - xpnitu TorAa, KorAa ta33a4HeFonpoxoAa 6yaer BbrreKarbq$cTae BoAa. 5+
132 KaK noKagbraaer npaKTflKa; so ilg6exaHme pa3lqpax€Hhq rlnoxo4sl ,no 6onuuofi r,17ffi€f' Bo' BpeMq npaKTl4Kl4Baprcapa-AxayTn -He peKOMeHAyeTCt{ 38B€pruarrb npilMeHeHreM ryanerHofi 6ymaru, Buecro nee nyque ncnonb3oBaTbnpoxnaAHyro BoAy h xax4stfi pa3 cMa3brBaTb Koxy Bot(pyr 3aAHero npoxoAa cMrtrqalou{t4M KpeMoMnnv onulKoBbtMMacnoM.Bnpoveu, nonHan 3aMeHa ryanernofi 6yuarn npoxnaAHofi eoAofi - nphHqrnnanbHo qeaecoo6pasHurfi3neMeHTo6qeil KoppeKqhh noBceAHeBHoroo6pasa xh3Ht4 Ann BcqKoro, KTo perilancn i,icnurrars ce6s Ha repHrcroM nyrh xarxailornr. Flocne npeKpauleHhe npoqeAypbt BoAa ta3 3aAHero npoxoAa 6yAer BbtxoAhrb eqe nphMepHo B TeqeHhe qaca. Hro6sr 3aKpbtrb "cnSoH", MoxHo BbtnorHt4Tb KyHbAxana- BaMaHa-Axayrr - rpu fi ro. Ecnh e npoqecce npaKThKh o6xapyxnaaercfl, qro 1 cyqecreyeT Aaxe Her{ro BpoAe recTa Ha cTeneHb "fiorr.rHocrr" or4enuHbtx acneKToBo6paaa xil3Ht4 - npuAf, B rocn4 K TecrrpyeMoMy, KaK 6H xeesxaqai noceutraor ryarer h npoBepeor, hueercq nh raM TyanerHal 6yuara. Ecnr 6yuaru Her, o6paa xh3Hr4 TecrrpyeMoro nHAABuAa,BnonHe BepoqTHo, B qnpeAeneHHoi crenexr coorBercrByer nexoeuy o6qenpr3HaHHo-peKoMeHAyeMoMyo6pasy xl,r3Hr a6crparcroycpeAHeHHoro coBpeMeHHoro "qhBhnh3oBaHHoro ilorn*a". Echh a ryaiele, BonpeKr oxhAaHreM, ece xE o6xapyxrrcn ryanerHan 6yNara, TecrupoBaHue cneAyer npoAonx[rb, onhpagcb Ha-Kaxlie-nn6o 4pyrne Kpnreptri, nocKonbKy Hanrr.{re ryanerxoi 6yMarF.aogce He o3Haq€t€T,.{To o6paa xil3Ht4 T€cTrpyeMoro He. coorBercrByer rpe6oaaxuru "fioruquocru". Be4u ryanernofi 6yuaroi uoryr nonb3oBarbce He BnonHe npro6uqeHubre K TahHcreaM iorrqecxofi :aaxyaL{[l4 Kt4treltHilKa AOMOqaALlbt TecThpyeMoro, KoropblM Moxe'r- se 6srru H$KaKorgAena HH.Ao ero'XorxqHoctn, HH Ao iorn rax raxoeofi eoo6u{e...
133 BCRBbrnnTac BoAa cKannrBaeTcfl B xenyAKe H He nocrynaer B Kt4[ueqHhxgoo6qe, ]tMeer cMblcn BbtnonHrTb nocneAoBarenbHocrb xprfi xecrolbKo pa3 noApqA 6ea nepepbtBa. Ecnn n aro He noMoraer, BbtnonHttor crofiry Ha nreqax e nlo6oM BaphaHTe. florepnee HeyAaqy Aaxe nocne 3Toro, BblnorHqpT BaMaHa-AxayThH oTKnaAbrBapT npaKTl4Ky Bapucapa-AxayTn Ao nyqujhx BpeMCH.
llpnnqrnunclxorreprerrqeotoi 0erynpeqrocnl OcHoaxurenphHqhnbr 6esynpevnocrh npeAcraBneHbt ngTblo nphHqlrnaMh 9Mbl - nqrbto. oFpaHnqeHrtMr4- h nqrblo nphHLlhnaMr xrquurl - n*Tbto npaBunaMn. Bor nqru orpaxnvenni.: 1) axrmca - orKa3 or Hacunrt no orHoueHulo K rouy 6ur ro Hh 6urno h K qeMy 6ut ro xh 6ulao, B ToM qucne no orHouJeHrto K caMoMy ce6e u K ecTecrBeHHoMy nopcAKy aeqefi B MHpe; 2) catan - oTKa3 or Jrxr4, B nepBylo oqepe;qb - or cauoo6maxa; 3) acrefin - orKa3 or crpeMneHnq o6aaAarb reM, qro HaMHe nphHaArexhT; 4) 6paxuaqapbt - cAepxaHHocrb, orKa3 or noraKaHhc cBot4M crpacrnM, xenaHl4nll u cna6octRl,t, To ecrb orKa3 or Bcero, 6es qero Ha nytu pa3Bl4Tl4ttoco3' HaHlc MoxHo o6ofirncu, ot np6utx Aekcrauh, Koropbte BeAyT K 3aTpaTaM3HeprnH, He onpaBAaHHblMc Tot{Kl4 3peHre pacurhpeHH9BocnpilATnni 1 HrqMa (caucxp. ).
TBepAoe npaorro,
npnKa3, rpe6oeaxue
134*
135
5) anapnrpaxa - orKa3 or nphHsrhn noAapKoB t4 6naroAenxnil a KaKilx 6u ro xn 6urno,BilAax t,t Bap,laHTax, nonHafl caMoAocraroqHocTb, roToBltocTb BcerAa paccqHTbtBaTbTonbKo Ha c8olt cHnbl. Bor nnru npaBur: ,1) uayqa - co6noaeHue qncrorbl Bo Bcex nposBReHHrlx Ha Bcex ypoBHflx Tena E ncltx}tKHi : 2) caxroua - cnoKoilcrelre n npuHrTne Bcero raKnM, KaKOBOOHO eCTb;
3) ranac - nocrorHHae ynopHae rpeHt,lpoBKa; 4) cB4AXbes - ycroivl,rBoe ycrpeilfleHne K noabtureHlflo ypoBHc oco3HaHHocrH; 5) lrluaapa-npaHuAxaxa - cMl4peHher npHHRTne ncruxxofi nepapxnqecrofi crpyrcrypur Mnpa, a xoropofi rnaBeHcrByer ,[yx. Co.{eraxre nfiTh orpaHn\eanh c nepBbtMt4 BTopblr,l npaBhnaM[ ecrb orpelleHHocrb. Tperue, qerBeproe n nsroe npaBxna - To, qeu orpeueHHocrb npeo6pasyerca e 6esynpeqHocrb.
llrraune flut4a AonxHa 6srru xe o6ununoi n npocroft. l-lpoAyKTbr, hcnonb3yeHbte Ann nprroToBneHHg nrUlr ,cBexrMH 14,no Bo3MoxHocTh,MaKc[ManbHOHarypanbHbfMr,r.{enecoo6pasxo .ae6erarb M}rrenbHbtx r,t MHorot flo4apxn HaKnaAblBaprHa Hac crepeorhnbt Bocnpnqrus Hac reur, KTo hx npenoAHocrT,B pe3ynbrare 6naro, Aessui nr6o mu qyBcrByeMce6n 4onxxmnant , nu6o ror, rro xac o6aaroAerenbcrBoBan,''tyBcrByer,qro Mbl eMy qem-To o6qgaxH. Bo ecex nepeqncneHHbtx cnyqaqx Bo3HltKatoqhe "3aBg3Kt4" ncHXo3MoqroHanbHbre nprBoARTr 6eccmulcneHHoHy pacxoAy gHeprur H co3Aapr "6peuJn" a 6poxe 6eaynpeuHOCTI4.
qilcneHHbrxKyrlrHapHblxonepalllril. 9eu npoqe - TeM nyque. Ecrecrsexxo, 6e3 Qanalraua, ra6o norpe6ne.. Hhe HeyAo6oeapuuoilnnlur He ecrb fiorh.+ecruficnoco6 Aeficrarnt. npocrora He BcerAa o3Haqaer',nplrur4ThBHOCTb,
Kpome roro, ilileer cMbtcn.Ng6eraru raKxe BceBo3MoxHbtx u3lr,luecrB, Fluqa crf iluKoM coreHaq, cnuuKOM KfiCnaf, C'|HUJKOMOCTpafl, Cnt4UIKOM|-optqaC, ctlf f.uKoMxonoAHan u TaK Aa^ee An[ nnTaHnfl.Toro, KTo npaKTnKyer xarxa=fiory, HenprroAHa. Ocrursulas u pa3orpeTaq, npoKl4cuJafl,BbtcoxlljaB, noAtHnBuJat 14npocTo He cnhulKoM cBexan - He3AopoBa H noToMy ee TaKXe cneAyer ils6eraru. Crmuynnropbr, nchxorponHbre BeulecrBa, Ta6ar, arlKororb - He ,ryquee, qro xarxahornxz Moxer ns6paru Ann ce6s B KaqecrBe Bbr3oBa, nocne.qcTBhr npHHffTHRKoToporo eMy npeAcTohT npeoAoneBaTb. Onrnmaauxurfi nog6op npoAyKToBobecneqhsaercn KoppeKTHoorcrpoeHHoil 4ocraroqHo rHTexcuanoi rpeHr4poBoqHofinparrnroil. Teno caMo noAcKaxer npaKTt4KyloqeMy,Ltro, KorAa n KaK HMeer cMbtcl ecru, BxttMarenbHoe 14orpeueHHoe orHouleHne K Qaxravecruu oulyqeHr4qM noMoxeT copHeHThpoBaTbcgHarnytturr4M o6pasou. Konh.{ectso nhqh AonxHo 6utru raKilM, qro6u nphMepHo qepe3 Lrac nocre €Au q xrBore ne 6stno ou4yqeHun rgxecrr, Koropoe MeuJaro 6u nonxoqexxo TpeHhpoBarucn.flrn 6ucrporo h KaqecrBeHHoroycBoeHhq creAeHHoro uMeer cMbrcr o6paularu BHhMaHre Ha TUlaTenbHoe nepexeBbrBaHt4e. 1 O6paa xaTxa4eilcrenn, Aocrofirtufi npaKTnKyrorqero
iory,
2 ox xe - xarxa-fior.
L37
136
Bpng nn qenecoo6pasxoorpaHhqhBaruce6R 4neTtaqecKhM14 KoHqenq]4FM14, c$opuynupoBaHHbtMhrAeTO, KOrAa-TO,KeM-TO,Het43BeCTHO AnR KOrO,Heh3BecTHo B KaKnx ycnoBhqx. To xe €aMoe Kacaercc H pacnopgAKoB nhraHnr, KaxAuril r43 Hac - Tor, KTo oH ecrb, KaKhM oH nBrrsercfl e Aaxxulil roxrpernuril MoMeHT BpeMeHhB AaHHOMKOHKpeTHOM MeCTenpOCTpaHCTBa n B AaHHoM KoHKperHoMcBoeM cocronxrn. 1,1noroMy ronbKo oH oAr4HMoxer cAenarb qenecoo6pasnurfi 4nn ce6q aur6op. MarcrmanbHo Bo3MoxHbtilypoaeHu oco3HaHHOCTT4 B KaXAOe MrHOBeHreXh3Hh - eAnHcTBeHHOe,qTOhMeeT3HaqeHne. BoaHrrcarcr4nfia peaylbrare npaKThKt4acaH "BHyrpexxnfi oroHb" Moxer npt4BecrnK LtpegMepxoi cyxocrn opraHhqecKoroTerla n noTepe ero TKaHqMn3IaCTl4ttHocrra. Ynorpe6nexre AocraroqHoro KorHqecrBa cBexero r qilcToro npoxnaAHoro MonoKa Bo3BpaulaeT3nacThq"BHyrpexx[M Hocrb cKoBaHHbrM orHeM" TKaHqM.Macao n3 MonoKa KopoBbr cnoco6cteyer coxpaHeHhlo pa3Bhrofi s npoqecce npaKThKt4acax "pa6o.tefi" uo6ranunoctr4 cycraBoB. Mepa eaxnee Bcero. lzls6urroxn HeAocraroKpaBHopa3pyruurenbHbt.
llpnnqrnBlt6paqx0nn0r0 coorBercrlt{t f1o uepe npaKThKt4B npoqecc oco3HaHHoropa3BltTr,iRBKntoqalorcq ace 6onee n 6onee "ToHKhe" KoMnoHeHTbraueprerruecrofi crpyKrypbt. t{eu "ToHbule" MaTepAAt TeM BbtUJeqaCTOTHaR COCTaBIglOqaflee er,r6paqr.rfi. CoorBercrBeHHo B pe3ynbrare noBbnueHnfi nrorHocrh pacnpeAeneHhcaHeprun B "ToHKhx" KoMnoHeH-
Tax n ycnoxHeHhe r4x crpyKrypnoft u Qyxrqronaruxoil rcou$nrypallhr4 coBepueHcrByercfl 14craHoBHTcR6onee "$h3rvecKoe" Teno ToHl(o h cnoxHo opraHh3oBaHHblM "Bblxo4" gHeprerhqecrofi crpyKKaK pe3ynbrvrpyrolqr4fi rypbr B TpexMepHoe npocrpaHcTBo KoHrr4HyyMac oAHoHanpaBneHHbrMnoroKoM Bpel4eHr. Ectectaexno, AnA nocrpoeHnc, noAAepxKr4 rl aHeprocHa6xennq ero rpe6yercn nhlqa, orrhqHaq or tofi, Koropan uorna 6utru npnroAxofi Ane Hero Ao roro, rcax noAo6Horo poAa h3MeHeHnRHaqaril npohcxo4l,rTb. uleM eurureypoBeHb pa3Bhruq cnoco6xocrr4ynpaBqeM ToHblne h cnoxH€€ oprdHll3onrTb Bocnpr4qTheM, "rpy6oM" u a alttg QynrqnonanbHbtx MexaHil3MoBB "ToHKoM", reu 6onee orBercrBeHHo r{enoBeqecKoe cyulecrBo BblHyxAeHo noAxoAr,rru r eur6opy npoAyKToB, "BbrcoKo.{ac' KoropbrMh nuraercq, reu 6onee nerroil Lt TorHofi" AonxHa 6utru nnqa. Hanpnuep, ecnn AnA "Tflxenblx" o6utqnoro qenoBeKa ynorpe6neHue B nhqy MscHbrx npoAyKToB Aeno o6sruuoe, To Ann nparctnKyrclqero Ha Bbrcull4xcryneHnx ftorht{ecKoro pa3Bhrhfl crhllrKoM TgxenbrM npoAyKToM MoxeT oKa3aTbcfl Aaxe Koxr4Lla cBexero cnenoro q6aora. 3ro ne o3Haqaer, qro ero opraHn3M He cnpaBhrcn c "Tnxerofi" nhu{eft, cKaxeM, c reM xe MRcoM.l-lpocro Ha nepeBaphBaHhe nhqr B sToM cnyqae eMy nprAercg 3arparnTb orpoMHoe Konr4gecrBocrhrxKoM qeHnofi ronro op[aH]43oBaHnoil aneprun. B t,rrore nuraHhe rnxenofi nyu1efi Hoxer oKa3aTbcn cyqecTBeHHblM TopMo3oM B pa3B'rTHr4KaK "annaparHofi r{acrh" qenoBeqecKoro cyqecrBa, TaK il co3HaHh9, h cneAoBaTenbHo- B HaKonreHhn oco3Haxran. Bplg nH qenqcoo6pasuo Aonycraru noAo6xste oiryaunu, nocKonbKy Haua rnaBHag oTBeTcTBeHHocTb nepeA Mrapor'r- gro oreercrBeHHocrb 3a pa3Bhrre Ero, To ecrb Hauero co6crBexxoro, oco3HaHVA.
139
138 Eqrectaexxo, _ Bo3r,roxnbt BapfiaHTbt. Hanpnuep, TOMy,qb9"AXapMa'- yt{ttTb, nepeAaBaTbonblT pa3BHTHfl aHepreruqecftofi crpyKrypbr l,r co3HaHnA, B orgenbHbrx cnyqaex B xoAe pa6oru.B coBpeueHHomcor-lr4yue 6ueaer yAo6xo ynorpe6nrb HeKoropoe Korr4qecrBo "rpy6ofi", "Ttxeflofi", a h.fforga "rpn3flofi", nuulr Aaxe Anq roro, qro6ut qeneHanpaBneHHonpuBecrt,r era6partr4oHHbrexapaKTephcrhKr4 orgenbHbrx ciryxxqraoxanuHbrx 3oH co6crsexHoil 3Heprerfi'{ecxofi crpyKrypbt B coorBercrBHe c en6paquoHHbrMlr xapaKTephcryrKaMu sHepreTfiqecKlrx cTpyKryp Tex/ Koro oH HaMepeH y.luru2, Cr,lryaqrafi n Bo3moxHblx BapuadroB aur6opa Hoxer 6uru mxoxecrBo. [4 rax4urfi pa3 Kn]oqoM K npaBHnbHOMypeueHhto oKa3brBaeTcflnepMaHeHTHagMaKcuManbHafl 'oco3HaHr.tocrb, o6ecneqreatoqan MaKcHilanbHylo oco3HaHHocTbB KaxAoe AaHHoe KoHKpeTHoe !trHoBeHhe.
t colxapua - ilhccr,rn, QyHrqnn; fyxrqnoxanbHar craBns lo u{ar AaHHoro Bonrou.leH h n ( cancx p. ) . 2 yqenuxa rerqe ecero *gaqenuru" nocpeAcreoM pe3ortTO yr{ilTe,|U - raxofi HaHCa, 3aCTaBhBero nOqyBCTBOBaTb, qTo-To, qTo eHy He,qocrynHo, xe, KaK fi oH cail, Ho t4oxeT oAHaxo 3ar.reH-ToHyxHo. Vlnu xwe 6st xoqercs... 6ueaer, HTo a raKolir cnyqae B yqeHrKe npo6yxgaercq peanbHbrfi urrepe'c {( KaqecTBeHHoMy H3MeHeHHloCBOeTO COCTO9HHfl, a He BpeileHHac 3a"xHTepecoBaHHocrb,KoTopat 3aqacrylo oKa3btBaeTcq rlinuqHofi e cnyvae ucnonb3oBaHuA,Hanpruep, "TepaneeTt'rqecKuxynoaor". Paggnru Haqanuxuifi t4HTepecr noMoqb qenoBeKy Haqarb npeo6paaoeurbaru ero a $arrnqecK'1e ta3ileHeHnR - 3TOyxe.qeno TexHuKu.
brxTEIHIIH Blrlbt TPEHITPoBTI|H lt PElfi]il,tHnPAHTnHX 06ttlrl npffiUnopralrratuxsparrxttf, 5yraa... Caor... Cnoeo... [lpegnoxeHile.,. Texcr... he hcKyccrBa. flpor4saeAeH lrls mHornx 6yxa a pasanufistx coqeraH[sx cocraBnnlorc* crorh. Caoroa Moxer 6urru sHaqhrenbHo 6onuule, qeM 6yxs. hs cnoroe B pa3nhqHblx coqeraHntx cocraBnfltorcn cfloBa, Koropbtx Heil3MepnMo6onuute, qeM cnoroB. l4s cnos B pa3nnqHbrx colteraHnAx cocraanqtorcn npeflnoxeHng. Hr,txro, HHKorAa H HHrAe He cyMeer cocqrrarb Bce Bo3MoxHbleBapHaHTblBcex noreHqranbHo Bo3MoxHbrx npeAnoxexn fi . l3 npe4loxennft cocraBnqrcTcn TeKcrbr. t-ayrio Aaxe nbrrarbcq oqeHhrb o6ulee KonhqecrBo Bcex noTeHqharbHo Bo3MoxHbtx reKcroe, 160 oHo et.t1e6onee 6ecxoneqxo, qeM noreHqhanbHoe KonnqecrBo npeAnoxexnil. flanexo xe ecRxr4fi TeKcr ecrb npor43BeAeHhe rcKyccrBa. D,nn nctnnHoro rBop'{ecTBa, nocpeAcrBoM KoToporo Moxer 6uru aurpaxex flyx n B KoropoM nphcyrcrByer Cnna, oAHoro BnaAeHr,rgq3brKou- Agxe caMoro coBepuleHHoron rexHhlrecKr 6esynpeqHoro - HeAocraTOqHO.
flparrNry fioru qenecoo6paaxeeBcero paccmarprcyqecrBa c Barb KaKnpoqecc o6ulertrc r{enoBeqecKoro EecxoxeqxocrbroB caMomce6e, B xoAe Koroporo npoHre l4cxoAr4T nocrl4xeHhe, pag3nrwe H coBepueHcTBOBa c Mttpol,l. HM caMoro ce6n u cBor4xB3ahMoorHourenrfi
140
L4.t
ftorrqecxan rpeHHpoBor{HaRTexH}rKac3brK gToro o6u{exrs. Eyraa- cnorcaoBo- np€MoxeHr4e- TeKcr - npor4sBeAeHuencKycerBa, flosa - ynpaxHeHne cBr3Ka - cer - nocneAoBarenbHocrb- norox (acaxal - rpnila2 - BHHbqca3- nrrapa4 -,Bnrxns * Axapau). Taroao coorsercrBhe.
llora(acana) llosa (acaHa) - cneqrQrvecKoe nonoxexne Sn3hqecKoro rera, oKa3btBaloqeeonpeAeneHHoeaosAeficrBhe xa rox$rrypallrto aHeprernqecrcofi crpyKTypbt. Cyqecrayer orpoMHoe Korhr4ecrBo acaH, h3 Koropbtx Qarcrnvecxn B np?KThKe ncno.nb3yerce ABe-rpt4 Tbtcqqu. Har6onee pacnpocrpaHeHHbrx- oKo.no flonlrrbtcn.tn, n3 xnx 6aeoabtx - nopsAKa rpexcor. Her Aayx pa3nnqHbtxacaH, Koropbte 6ur n4enrnvno aosAeficraoBanu Ha sHeprerhqecKylo crpyK,Typy, floaroMy Anq Aocrr4xeHxq xan6oauuefi nonnoqeHHocrn h pa3HocropoHHocrr4Snarvecxoro h ncrxo3Heprert4qecKofo pa3Bhrhq qenecooSpa3Hocrpot4TbnpaKTnKyraK/ qro6ut e Hefi hcnonb3oganocb KaK .r4oxHo6onuulee rconr'{ecTBo AocrynHbtx.Anr BbtnolHeHur acaH. l4ueprcs r€HeanorrqecKhe pqAbl cxoAHbtx acaH, aHarforrqHbrx no rfiny Bo3AehcrBnA,Ho pa3nhqapqrxcf, no ero aQQerrrBHocrh. t-leN cnoxHee greMeHT, TeM I Acaxa - no3a, nonoxeHr4etena (cancxp.). 2 RpnhaAeftcrBne(caucxp.). ' J Buxuqca- pEtccrdHoaKa, pacnonoxeHhe(caucxp.). a Burapa - eeAyqufi Aanbrre (caucxp.). 'Brrxu - 1) psA, nAHnA;2)ynutp, Aopora(cancxp.). o flxapa - 1) noror; 2) nesare (caucrcp").
Bbrue a$Sexrn anoqrb ero .pa3BuBapqero h coB€pur€pr: crByroqero eos4eficrarn Ha $rsrvecroe r T€/rg1 !'Tor"rKhe"KoMr'roHefiTbt 3neprerhqecxoft crpylffypbt t4 co3naHhe.floerouy oSblr{HoB nporpamMy.npaKThKH no Mepe noBbruJeHh9 ypoaHfl TpeHhpoBaHHocTh BBO.qr+T HOB b t e - 6 o n e e c n o x H b l e - a c a H b t , . B a M e H f l n t 4 M l 4t,4 x , M e nee geficrBeHHbte orHochrefl bHo npocrble aHaroFt4.
(npffin) Ynpamnenre flpocroe ynpaxHeHre (npocran rprafin) - coeAnHeHile oAHofi acaHbt h npoMexyror{Hbtx4enxennil, nocpeAcTBoM KoTopbtx Teno nplrBoAr4TcqB cooTBeTcTByroulee arofi acaHe noroxeHre, a 3areu h3 Hero BbrBoAhrcR. CocraeHoe ynpaxHeHhe (cocraanan rcprafin)- Koporrcrfi KoMnreKc, cocraBneHnurfixecrcorbKhMt43HepreThqecKh t4 '|oruqecKn B3ahMocBq3aHHbtMh npocTbrMh rpnilnur, To ecrb rcom6nnaqrfMn "pogcrBeHHbtx" acaH h coeArHnror{hx vlx nepexoAHbtx AerxeFrhfi. KaxAoil acaHe coorBercrByer HecKonbKo npocrbrx rcpnil. KaxAas cocraBHae rcpuhn hMeer KaK MhHhMyMHecKonbKoBapt4aHTOB,TO eCTb MOXeTCyqeCrBOEaTbHecKoIbKO pa3nhqHbfx cocraBHbtx xpr,rfi, nocrpoeHHbtx Ha ocHoBe oAHVx A rex xe npocrbtx xprfi. O6rqee KonuqecrBo Bo3MoxHbtx pasnoo6pa3Hbrxrpnft suavhrerbHo 6oacure, veu o6u1ee KOnhqecTBoBo3MoXHbtxeAnHnqHblxacaH. ,Qea paslnqHbrx Bapt4aHTaxpniln, no-pa3HoMy cocraBreHHoh ue o4nnx n rex xe acaH, oKa3blBapr pa3nhqHoe soeAeilcrene Ha aHeprernqecKylo crpyKrypy 14 co3HaHhe npaKThKyloqero. floaromy B npaKTrKe crapatorcn Hcnonb3oBarb KaK MoxHo 6onuute pasuoo6paaHbfx BaphaHToB rpnh, no Mepe noBbtuleHltnypoBHn ycnoxHsq n pa3BhBanhx cTpyKrypy. TpeHhpoBaHHocTr4
143
L42
qnefi rex rrn t,rHbrx acneKToB.Burnonxenne6onsurux-
(mmnca) Canrxa CeRsxa(suxunca) - KorcTKhfixounnercc,cocraB3Heprerur{ecKr ta norhqecKh nessurfi HecKonbKHMt4 XpUfi n Un. hS OAI-ll4X14 rapMoH 14r.r Ho B3aHMOCBgSaHHU|l'rir
HeTex xe xpnft moxer 6urru cocraBreHoKaKMuHt4MyM pa3nlqHbrx KonhBapHaHToB Bl4Hbccbt. O6tqee cKonbKo qecrBo Bo3MoxHbrxahHbnc3Haqhrenbno6onuule, qeM o6qee KonuqecrBoBo3MoxHuxrpnft n o6ulee Konhqeh3 cocraBreHHbte crBo acaH.,Qaeenruncbl, no-pa3HoMy oAHr,rxr rex xe rpuil, o6naAapr pa3nhqHblMsosAeftcrBheM Ha 3HeprerhqecKyocrpyKrypy. ' U, ToqHoraK xe, KaKB cnyqae c acaHau[ n xpufiTpeHnAMVttCTeneHbnonHoTbl u pa3HocropoHHocTl4 pyloqero, pa3BxBapqero lr coBepuleHcTBytoqefoBo3crpyKrypy 3aAeficranq npaKThKhHa 3HeprerhqecKylo pa3Hoo6pasun h ypoBHncnoxHoBhchr or Korr4qecrBa, cTn nphMeHfeMbrx BhHbflc.
Cerl (rnapr) Cer (enrapa) - sxepreruqecKhH rornqecKn qenocrxuX orHochrenbHoKoporrnft roMnneKc,cocraBneHxurfi xecronurnmraBuHbRcaMh. O6uqxo c€T crpocr rarnm o6paaoM,qro6btoH cau no ce6e npeAcraBnqnnonnporpaMMy, HOUeHHyto 3aBepUeHHyrO TpeHrpOBOr{HyrO Koropan o6ecneqheana6ur KaK MoxHo 6onee pa3HocropoHHroonpopa6orxy QrsnvecKororena n ronQurypaqhv! "ToHKr4x'KoMnoHeHT 3HeprerilqecrcoficrpyKrypbr, B HeKoropbrxcnyqanx- c Bo3uoxnoft aKqeHryat Or axrn. SET - r'rHoxecrBo,Ha6op, KoMnne{T.
CTBa CeTOB 3aH[HaeT O]I A€Cf,Tl4"t{l,lHyT AO OAHoTO qaca.
lloarony celosbrft TpeHyrHr- aecbMa yAoor+urft EriA npaKThKl,r Ar'| Tex, KTo h3-3a BHco|(ofi nnoTHocTHpa6oqero rpa$nxa He pacnonaraer 6onsurnun npoxexyrxar4r cso6eAHoro Bpeilemh, Koropbre Mornn 6u 6uru BblAeneHbr Anr TpeHlrpoBKr,r. B noAaBnntoqen 6onburhHcrBecnyqaeB cer HaqxHaercs c paccra6rreH]re n AbrxarerbHofi npannnn n pacola6nexreu h npaKTrKofi cosepqa3aKaHt{nBaeTcn n_un.floaroMy acaHbr,B KoropbrxHai{rHator u 3aKaH'{rBapr npaKTlrKycerar 3To, KaK npaBHno,- nn6o no3bt, cneLlfiarbHonpeAHa3HaqeHHble Anfl paccraEnenna,nunosrt, 6o cnellnanbHonpeAHa3HaqeHHbre Anf AbrxaHhrl H CO3epqaH[C.
To'{HoraK xe, KaKB cnyqae c acaHailh, tcpufinmun BnHbqcaMI,HeTAByX pa3nur.rHbtx BnTap,RoTopbleoKa3brBanlr6ur mgenrlrltHoeBo3geficrBtaeHa gHeprerhqecKyo crpyKTypy. laxe ecnlr B,rrapbr cocraBneHbl vrg oAHt4X14 TeX x(e BnHbRCn OTnnqaloTCR TOnbKOnO crpylcrype. floeromy B npaKTtlKe o6bt'{Ho craparcTcf, Hcnonb3oBarbKaK MoxHo Gonuureeqltcno ceroB, ornrqalorqr4xccApyr or Apyra no cocTaey ,t cTpylfiype. flnn pa3BhT]4f, flpBKTHKh' nOnb3yfOTCC nOcneAOBaTenbHblM cTpyKTypHbrM u TexHr4qecKilM ycnor(HeHHeM.
llorroperre B pa3nr4'{HbrxroM6rxa ur nx c' gpyrnMu3neMeHTaM h o€Ha r Ta xe acaHa MoxeTBbtnonHgTbcg MHoroKpaTHo B TeqeHheoAHhx h rex xe cyroK. OAHyr ry xe xpxio n, Tet46onee, oAl,tHt4 Tor xe cer noBTopsrbB Teqelfyle oAHHx,r rex xe cyroK HexenarefluHo,vro6sl noaTopxo
145
TM €TpyKTypy..xe Ha .3Heprer.uqecKyto He "HaKnaAbrBarb cQopMr4poaafixufiWeyHoK xox$urypaqnu: Karc r.toKa-. 3brBaer onbrr, yrny6nerre rpeHupogoqHofi ,npopaGo.lrcu rny6nxu so-' B yxe'npopaooraHHbrxAo Matrcumanursft, Hax crpyKTypbr Moxer noBneqb aa co6ofi pa3pyueHlre, OcHOBbl,'.Ha KOTOp)ltO HaKtlaAblBaet€f
IpOCTpAHCTB€H-,
Ho-BpeMeunofi pncyuoK Kom$ilrypaqrh. ulro npu cra6raunom'rioBTopeHhr4qpeBaro Bo3H't4KHoBeHneM TpeHhpoBor{HbrxrpaBM, Qyxxr.lroranbHbtx $neronornqecKhx h ,n€HxhqecKnxpaccrpoficre, a raKxe HeaAeKBarfibtMl4 h3MeHeHilnMfi noroKa o6qeft xn3HeFrHofi crryaqnr npaKThKyroulero r yrparoft BoneBoro KoHTpoln HaA neX. hr4eer cMbrcr BnaAerb ncKyccrBoM'BbrnorHeHhn KaK MoxHo 6onuulero KonhqecrBa pa3H006pasxurx acaH,'yMerb xou6r,txupoBarb hx B KaK MoxHo 6onuuree Konr,fqecrBo pasxoo6pa3Hbrx xpuil n crpol4rb H3 3Thx xpuh. KaK Moxr{o 6onuulee KonhqecrBo paaxoo6pasHblx Br4Tap, qro6ur npoMexyrKr BpeMeHt4MexAy noBTopeHwA$n oAHr4x r,r rex xe. xom6rnaqufi oAnnx H Tex xe oneMeHToB6urnr MaKchmarbHbtMr,t. Flpn gocraroqHou paamoo6pasuw yrcflonb3yelrbtx B npaKThKe roM6nxaLlufi acaH lr rpril o4nH r Tor xe cer B oAHoM t4 ToM xe HehsMeHHoMBnAe Moxer eoo6u1e HhKorAa He noBTopqrbcq. floaromy'TBopqecxrfi noAxoA K nocrpoeHhro IHAVBhAyanbHofrnparcrrrch ilMeer nphHqunua.nbHoe3HaqeHr4e.
(omxt) llocreflosarenbilocrb f'locae4oaarerbHocrbrc (anrxn) - Ha3blBalor rpeil-nrpoBor{Hblft rounneKc, cocraBlennutfi t43 HecKonbKnx nocneAoBarenbHo BbrnorHfleMbrx ceroB. f1o-pasnouy
opr€ Hn3oBaHftb]e' noctleAo BaTenbHocTH, cocTaBneHHble t43 OAHI4Xn TeX-X€ C€T9B7OKa3blBaPTpa3flUrqHO€Tp€:' Hr4pyrorq€e eoq4€ic ene Ha '"$naur{ecKoe" .Teflo }l--[lo-' pa3HoMy, p33Bt'lBO}oT AHe p reTil TecKylO CTpyKTypy'f 'co3HdHlf€,. [enecoo6pa3no crpo]4Tb npaKTHKy raKr qro6u. Aaxe nplr [cnenb3oBaHm]t,a,xe[ oAHvtx H Tex x€ ?Jl€MeHTOBOp ra Hh3aqlf fl npaKT,HKyeMblxnocll eAoBarGnbHo: creft 6brra, KaK Moxxo 6oaee paanoo6pasHofi. .,Onrh= M,anbHuM.,flBfisercg raxoil BapnaHT nocrpoeHhg ,rlpoh€nonb3yeTcgKaK,MOXHO rpaMMbrnpaKThKH,B KOTOpOM 6onuure KaK MoxHo 6onee paanoo6pa3Ho opraHH3oBEH:. Hblx B rcpuhn, BilHbgcbr, cerbl 14 nocteAoBarenbHocrtd acaH. Tpenrapoern ncrrHHbtx'macrepoBHhKorAane 6uO4na gpyroil. BaloTHAeHTUT{HblMr,r flocneAotsarenbHocrb Moxer . npaKThKoBarben B p aMchn p e A e r e H H o M B a p r a H T a x . , KOHqeHTpilpOBaHHO Konqenrpupoeannutfi BapHaHTnpaKThKu nocneAoBaTenbHOCTh :- CeTbl BblnorlHtlloTcg OAIIH 3a ApyFl4il 6ea nepepurea. KaxAutfi nocneAytoutvtilcer HaqhHaercc c paccla6neHr,rc nocne npeAblAyulero. PacnpeAeaexxurfi eapnaHT - gerbr BbtnonHntorcnorAeflbHo oAl4H or Apyroro, B TeqeFihe cyroK 3aHuMac re Mecra a o6u{eu noroKe xh3Hr4, Koropbre Moryr 6utru oreeAeHbl npaKTltKe, t,rcxoAfl na pa6ouero rpa$nra npaKThKyrc)qero. npt,l "o$opu.nal'bc/' KaK orAenbHaq 3ToM KaxAutfi cer Moxer KOpOTKaH TpeHupOBKa,TO eCTbH?9h:H?TbCfh 3dKdHt{h: Barbcc nparruroil AbrxarenbHbrx 14 co3epLlarenbHbtx TexHnK. PacnpeAeneHHaenpaKThKa AocraroqHo AnnHnofi noc.neAoBarenbHocrr npy HanpsxeHHolt pa6o,reu rpa$uxe Mo)Ker,pacrcruBarbcs !:ta,HecKottbKo,gyroKr qTo BnonHeHopManbHo.
t47
146
,,flonnf(Itapt) Ilorox (.qxapa)- onrnuanuxurft BxA npaKTrKlr. B Koropou nparrrxyrcqnfi y3HaeT, Karlfr,t 6yAer cneTonbKororAa, Kor4p HaAynutyrfi 3neMeHTTpeHhpoBKH qhHaeTero BbfnonHtTb,AetaF HMeHHoTo, r{TooKa3btBaercs eAnHcrBeHHonpaannbHbtMa 4anHuft r(oHKperxurfi r.roileHTBpel{eH}rB AaHHoirKoHKperHotrt cocrosHr4h 3HepreTheecxoftcrpyKrypu. flpegen uHae oco3HaHmocrb 14TOqHOeqyBCTBOEaflHe npOqeCcOB, npoucxoAflulHxBo BpeMl npaKTrKhBo Bcex cnorx 3Heprerl4qecxoficrpyKTypbr, 3HaHlteToro, K KaKoMype3ynbThpyloqeMycocroqHnpoco3HaHHerpe6yercr npui'nn, H onblr ceo6oAHoro BnaAeHHg KaKMoxHo6onee 3HaqHTenbHblM Kotr4qecTBoMrpenupoeoqHblxTexHhK no3BoncoT npaKThKyloqeMy hcnorrb3oBarbB ceoefi npaKThKepexnM,cBoSoAxoro noroKa.
peilxrbl TpennpormfiHe Cyqecrgyer MHoxecrBorxKon xarxa-fioru, B KaxAofi Hs Koropbrx ncnoflb3ylorcn cBor,trpeHnpoBor{Hbre pexHlrbr, cooreetcrBeHHo3a MHorhecToneThf,nloAbMH 6uno nphAyMaHoHeManoxaeeaHufiAns'o6osHa.teHnn pa3nhqHblxTpeHnpoBortHbtx pexlrMoBHa pa3Hbtxfl3btKdx. Oarrnqdcrcr xe Bce paaxoo6pa3herpeHnpoBoqHbrxpexHMoBMoxHocBecrnK TpeM6axanuxrtmocHoBHbrMTnnaM- fiarhqecrcnh,AnHaMhqecrcnil n xou6rnnpoaaxxurfi.
Crarnnotrl'pennn ' flpu. TpeHrpoBKe*B crarfiqecKou'pexuMe KaxAac aca l.{a'paccMaTp}tBaercq KaK ca MocToRtenuxul fi 3fl e'MeHt npaKT,rKr{. Oagtt Qvrr
ronrperHuM acaHau. Kpoue roro, craruqecxnfi pexuu MoxHo a$QerrueHo ucnonb3oBarbgnn ocBoerun u orpa6orxn HoBbtxsneMef{ToB. Hecmorpn Ha ro qru nonflpHafl npaKTnKaB crarnqecKoMperKhMeo6ecneqheaeTqyAoBxl4HytoKoHIleHeuxpeeoi TpaqltloaHeprilHB oceBbtx3oHax 3JIeMeHToB 3Hepreruqecrofi crpyKrypbt, t't3-3a orHoKoMnoHeHTbt 3Heprecxopocreft"TpaH3HTHblx" cnrenbHoHeBbtcoKhx noroKoB oHa He no3BoncerAocrilqb MaKchTlrqecK,,rx B MyMa3Heprorn$opuaqnoxnofinoroxoaoil nr'torHocrt4 o6r,eme3HeprernqecKoficrpyKrypbtl. 3ro o6ycnoaleno t B cnyvae AmnonrHofi npaKrHKHAeno o6crolrr H€cKorlbKouHaqe.Bnpoveu, KaKr B cnyqae nonnpnofinpaKTH"MacrepKr,rB ncnonHeHnnMacrepa (cu. Huxe - pa3Aen crBo").
149
[48 TeM, LITO,Ka)|(fl8fr nO€neA:y,lOl4afl aCaHa BblnOnHqeTCtl
nocne paccnaSle+r,rfl , .Koropoe . )cs uuaer'l gta,q hreR u* Hyrc qacrb .\ro6r'eMHor'-o eSrpxoro' a$Sercra'f npeAurgyt4efi. floaroM:ln:H€cMorpfl Ha.BbtcoKyro noreuqilanbHyto KOHqeHTpaqhr sHeprnn, TpeHhpoBKa B BO3MOXHOCTb qHcTo cTaThLtecKoM pexhMe He AaeT MaKcnManbHo. Bo3r'roxFroilAnn npaKT[Kyou{ero B AaHHoMKoHKperHoMero cocroqHilh HacbtrtleHHocrh"ToHKo.ro"T€na aneprrefi . Orge.nu x ure ro i $ nry patlnn coorBercrByto lq h x KoHKperHbrM acaHaM cocroqxhfi co3HaHhs ocBahBatorcfl ray6oro, TaK KaK xaxAsrfi !,t3Hhx rar 6ur 3aKpennrercfl paccna6neHheM.O4uaxo, nocKonbKy ynpaBneHhe nepexoAaMh l43 cocTogHh9 B cocTogHhe OcyrqecTBnreTcfl He HenocpeAcrBeHHo,a "cKBo3b paccna6leHVe", orcyrcrByer HenpepbtBHocrbAnHarahqecrcofi rpancSopmaqrra xouQnrypaqhh aHeprernqecxoil crpyKTypbr..Qnnamrra KoHTpons cocroRHufi, To ecrb ArHaMhKa ynpaBneHurl noToKoM co3HaHhq, npeAcTaBneHanhtllb KocBeHHo t4 AaReKoHe B MaKchMarbHoeosmoxHoficreneHu. Ha ypoaue opraHhqecKoro rena crarrqecKnh pex[nM pa3BhBaer cnny, rr6rocru h pacrqxKy, oAHaKo noqrh He Aaer nphpocra reKyqecrt4 t4 AhHaMhqecrcoft chroaofi BblHocnhBocrr, paBHo KaK n KaqecrB co3HaHr4R,coorBercrByloulr4xarhM caoficreaM opraxnvecxofi KoMnoHeHTbtaHeprernqecrofi crpyKTypbt. Ans rpnfin-npaKT,tKr,i crarhqecKhM .sB.nqercfl pexl,rM, B KoTopoMB KaXAOMynpaxHeHnn AnA AnhTenbxoX crarrqecxofi Qrarcaqnra BbtAersercn oAHa KnpqeBaq acaHa. Bce ocrarbHble cocraBnercuqtaerprfin aneMeHTbtpaccMarpnBalorcfl rar Qasut BxoAa h BbtxoAa h noAnexar "cKonb3nl4euy" tpan3t4THoMynpoxoxAeHhlo 6ea QrarccaLlnA At Bo3MoxHo, Aaxe 6es o6osxaqeHre oKoHqarenbHbtx nonoxenrfi Tefla, coorBercrByrolq14x raxgofi npoMexyroqxofi acaxe.
l-lpr npaxthKe B crarnqecKoM pexhme o6utsno sra: palorce crpouTb rpeHnpoBKy raK, qro6ut KaxAaR nocneAytoulaq acaHa 6ulna KoMneHchpytotqefi orHocHTefibHo npeAbtAyltleil rax no eoaAeilcrBhlo Ha roHKHe aHepFerr.lecrofi crpyKTypbl, TaK u B ql4cro KoMnoHeHTbt QranorornqecKoM cMblcne'
peull{ lnnaunqecfixf l-lpn npaxrnKe B ArHaMhqecKoMpexlrMe Bce 3rennh cera BblnonHqnTcgcnhrHo, MeHTbfrpnhu, Bt4Hbqcbl "cKorb3nulhM" npoxoxAeHheM Knto..leBblxnoroxeco xnft. Buecro Qrrcaqrfi - roporKhe, AnurenbHocrblo B "orMe'4atoulre" HecKonbKo ceKyHA, 3aAepxKh, rax 6ut - ABhxeKnpLreBbrenonoxeHuc. O6uerr co3epllaHng Hhe, nrraBHoe nepereKaHhe ns Sopt"tut e Qopt'ty. B pa6ore c renoM orpa6aruteaercn nnaBHocrb'.Tot'lHocrb 14 KoopAhHaqnqABhxeHnia.B pa6ore c.BHl4MaHheM AklHaMhqecKoeynpaBneHheKoHqeHrpaqrefi' Her rny6rxut "u.lhpora oxBara" pa3KoHqeHTpallt4h,oAHaKo rMeercn KqHqeHTpaVAnflpnxqrn :Hoo6pa3Hbtx o6uerroe. "cKorfb3qul v1hny u", EnaroAaps 4HTeHcllBHofr.Anxa uure Bl4xpeBblxnoroKoB 3HepFernqecrofi crpyKTpaH3r4THblx Typbr, npaKTrKa B AnHaMnqecKoMpexnme cnoco6crayer pacnpeAeneHhrcl3Heprnn e ee o5r'eMe, oqnu4eHilto crpyKTypbr 14 BbtpaBHilBaHt4tonnorHocrt4 o6leMHoro pacnpeAeneHhe 3Hepr[.A B cTpyKrype Ao ypoBHR MaKi chManuxoil nprcyrcrBltpqefi e Heft nnorHocru. X?TX€I: nn6or4 crrrle s rpeHhpoBKa AlnaurqecKac fiorr cocraBrnerct t43 KoporKhx cBn3oK acafl - TaK, .{ro6ut KaxAag nocneAy}olqat cBq3Ka 6una nonHoqeH} uofi axeprernqecrofi n Qnenonoruqecroil KoMneHcauuefi npeAurAyqeft. flcnxoaxeprerhqecKas unu Swlnono-
1sg
151
rnqecKaq xec6anaxcnpoBaHHocrb AilHaMilqecxofi npaKTHKH qpeBara rpaBMamlt N QyxrqnoHanbHbrMu paccrpoicraaMm, Koropbre B pnAe cryqaeB Moryr oKa3arbcR BecbMa n BecbMa cepbeeHbrMtt.OAxmxn lt3 KnpqeBbtx acneKToB.[paBi,rnbHo opraHu3oBaHHofiArxammqecxoi nparruKn tBrnrorcs HenpepbtBr{ocrb AbtxaH}4r H Tor{HocrbcornacoBaHhq ero c ABuxeHhnmr, flurxaHre B - Ta HenpepbrBHaeHhTb, Ha 3TOM BHAe TpeHhpOBKr4 Koropylg HaHh3blBaprcRxeuqyxhHbl acaH. flocpeAcrBOM AbrxaHr4gOcyrqecTanfleTcFynpaBneHre npaHhqecKHMHnoroKaun, 6naro4apn KoroBbruABilxercn reno.
peuxx Hox6rnnpoBanxuf Kom6uxrpopAnuuri pexnM RBnqercr ocHoBHbtM pexl4Mopr.Ox BBoAl4TcfB npaKr,tKy no: npaKTh''recKHM cne roro, KaK B pe3yflbTaTe TpeHrpoBoK B cTaTnqeCKOM pexnllax OCBOeHbt ]4 AhHaMT4HeCKOM CograBnglou{heceT $opt'rur n rexHhKa nx cn!4THoro BbtnonHeHrt B cere. Tar xe KaK I Ar4HaMrqecKaflnpaKTnKa, npaKTHKa B xou6rxrpoBaHHoM pexhue noAo6xa oxepenbp, B KoTOpOMnnaBHOnepeTeKaoqhe oAHa B Apyrylo AnHTenbxo QrrcnpyeMble Knpr.teBbleSopuur HaHr3aHbt Ha HenpepbrBHyroHHTb poBHoro MeAreHHoro gulxanun, TpeHHpoBKa e rem6r4xnpoBaHHoupexl4ue. ecru ne QnsKynbrypHas, a q],tqro ncl4xo3HepreThqecKar npaKTHKa. Konqexrpaqlrr o6reyxan. O6uexr co3epqaHhe QyHrqnonanbHoe ssanlaoAeicrBl,re nH4usn4yanunoi 3Heprernqecrofi crpyKrypbr npaKT'lKyrlqero c npo: crpaHcrBom Mnpa. ,Qnrrenunute ocraHoBKx ABr4xeHHt B Qasax Srarccaqnn acaH, coBMeqatoqrece c npegerbHblM pacTrrHBaHneM AbtxaHnnr no3Bofif,loT B MaKCHuanunofi creneHn Hcnonb3oBarb orcrpaxeaoulufi sltep-
ltlaKcl'l: k o6ecne'{liBa]otllHil rerr'.lecKyK) crpyKrypy Manbfloe HaKonneHl4e3HeprHH B OCeBblX3OHaXBHXpeBbrx KoMnoHeHTMbmll-lt4 cyxoxunnfi gSQeKT cTaTHqecrofi npaKTrKt4. flnasxoe 3Heprerhq€cKt4 norHoe n cBe3noe nepereKaHhe rena ns Qopt"tut e cpopuy r ':e3putBnoe" Al4HaMuqHoeBblnonHeHueorAerbHblx cBf3OK TlO3BOr]'|lOTyBenvquTb cKopocTb npoxoxAeHHq TpaH3HTHbtxnoroKoB B crpyKrype n o6ecne'{}4Tb noBbl; ueHl4e f'rfloTHocTt4pacnpeAeneHllg 3Heprhn Bo Bcex o6reuax oHeprernqecroi crpyKTypbl Ao ypoBHR nnorpacnpeAeneHnn 3Hepruu B oceBblx 3oHax. HOCTT4 Tpexnpoexa e xou6rxvtpoBaHHoMpexhMe srpoacaH h rpu[, nor4Tbcgt43 AnhHHbtx cBR3oK-KacKaAoB yrny6nnrcqnx KaKoronpopa6oxy creAoaarenbHo nu6o acnercra ronQnrypaqhh 3Heprerhqecrofi crpyKTypbr. Kax npaeuno, xnpqeeofi e raxAofi xoxxperxoil TpeHnpoBKe qBngercg oAHa caMa9 AnHHHat il nchxoSHepreil,rqecKl4HanonHeHHag CBR3Ka,OcTarbHble Bblu rapMoHHqHonolHcloT polb qacTnqHot4KoMneHcaLltru "o6paMaetnr.". B ornrqne or crarhqecKoro L4 AAHaro MilqecKoro pe)KllMoB, npaKTHKa g roM6t4xt4poBaHHoM pexhMe He npeAycMarphBaer nonnofi e3ahl4lloil roMneHcaqhn Bcex rexHnK, nocKonbKy paccqhraHa B oc"nocrHoBHoMHa AocrnxeHre ncHxo3HepreruqecKoro aSQerra", coxpaHqlotuerocn B 3Heprerrqecrofi crpyKqaCOBnocre OKOHqaHnq rype Ha npoTflxeHhH MHOTUX yqhrblBaercn B nocneTpeHilpoBKr nparThKx. 3Q$ert Ayrorqux rpeHhpoBKax raKtaMo6paaou, qro6ut KoMneHcaqHF eoa4eficrenn Ha aHeprernt{ecKylo crpyKryp-y HMera Mecro nocle roro, KaK pe3ynbrar eoaAeftc-retac Ha co3HaHhe 3aKpenrrcc B $oplae KaqecrBeHHblxh3menennfi cQepur Bocnpnnrnn h caMooco3HaHrfl.l-loaropexrMe RBrqercn My npaKr[Ka e roM6NHhpoBaHHoM xau6onee eQQexrnexofi r 3a cqrTaHHbterpeHnpoBKh
153
152 no3Bonfler Aocrt4r.tbaQQerra, Ha Aocn4xeH[e KoToporo B cnyqae t{hc-Tocrainqecrcgh unn.qhcTo Anxaunqecrofi npaKTUKl4 rpe6yorcn roAbt. B ro xe BpeMg HMeHHo" ueo6xoAnuocrb cBepxBbtcoroil Tor.tHocrhu a6conprxoil rcoppeKTlocrr nocrpoeHr,tflTpeHhpoBoqHoro npoLlecca B qenoM AenaoT KoM6nnupoeaxHytonpaKThKyBecbMaonacnofi. ,QeaoB ToM, qro B cnyqae rcou6nnrpoeaxFtoft npaKrltKyt xe pa6ora' toT HhKaKhepeKoMeH4au.nn, HhKaKhecxeMbl, HhKaKLte norhqecKhe MexaHu3l"rur. KoppeKTHooTCTpOl4Tb npaKTilry a rou6r4HrpoBaHHoM pexhMe MoxHo ronbKo Ha ocHoBaHhr roqHoro '{yBcrBoBaHhqnoroKoa Cnaur, SarcThqecKoro "Bh4eHHg" npoqeccoB, nponcxoAfllqt4x Bo BpeMqnpaKThKl4B "ToHKl,tx"KoMnoHeHTax 3Heprerhqecrcofi crpyrcrypd, 11yMeHhs orcrexnBarb B3ahMoAeficrBhe gHeprerrqecxofi crpyKryBbl h co3Hal{Ltq.To ecru Ha ocHoBaHhhnpaKT[qecKoro onbtTa BocnphqThgt HaKOnneHHOTO TO Ih B npeAbtAyulr4xBonnouleHrtx, To nrl B pe3ynbrare npaKT[KH B 4eyx 6onee npocrbtx pexnMax, To nn 6naro4ap9 HenocpeAcrBeHHoMyncnxo3H€p= rernqecKoMy KoHTaKryc Yqnreneu.
llprrqtn Honnencaqrl flparrrxyn acaHbt e nlo6oM 143ynoltfHyrbtx Bblue pexhMoB, craparcTcs crpot4Tb o6uryrc TpeHhpoBqq.Hyrc) nocneAoBarelbHocrb raKhM o6pasou, qro6ul K MoMeHTy 3aBepEeHhn TpeHhpoBKhno,yqrTb nonHyp 14 rapMoHx'{Hyro KoMneHcaqro Bcex "o4HoctopoHHt4x,,eosAeficranil Ha crcreMy. Acaxur c nporr6oM Ha3aA o6qeaTerbHo KoMneHch_pytoTci acaHailh c HaK.nOHOM t4 CKnaAbfBaHheMBnepeA, noBoporbt, cKpyqhBaHnnn crn6aHhq BnpaBo- noBoporaMt,t,cKpyrihBaHnAMun crn6a-
HUAMnBreBO, acaHbr c pacrqrhBaHileM npoMexHocrt acaHaMn,o6naAapulnun aQSeKToMBhnaphra-KapaHn, "pbt6bt" acaHblrnna crofirh Ha nreqax - acaHaMnrnna Koropblx cBq3aHo c npeh r.n. Acansr, Bbrno.nHeHne Tex nnn uHbtx rpynn cKeneTHanpflxeHheM AenbHbfM KoMneHchpylorcnacao6qsareruHo xoil ruycrynarypbr, pacrqrhBarcu1ltMt4 r paccaa6ncrcqhHaMn, Ao npeAena Mr re xe caMbrerpynnbt Mb[IJq; flpr,+rqrn rapr'lonruxoft KoMneHcaqAn- o6tqnfi Ant Bcex BHAoB rhMHacrht{ecroil rpexnpoaovxoil npaKTnKh.
r uaBacana Paccla6nenre Paccna6nexne nphMeHf,ercc sccrct4fi pd3, KorAa goeFrhr'aer neo6xo4ul.rocrs cHfrb HanpqxeHue nnvl "nepeeaprrb" pe3yabrar eosAeficrBhn npaKTnKn Ha cocroflHile co3HaHilr. flpoAonxnrerrbHocrb npoMexyror{Horo paccna6neHnq B npoqecce npaKTllKr,ro6urqxo neBenrKa. OnrruanuHoe coorHolleHue npaKThKh n paccaa6nexhq B npeAenax oAHofiTpeHhpoBKn- L/L. "no3a rpyna" (oxa xe - MpHTacalllaeacaxa "no3a cuepru")..r pacEaa6nexup hMeer orHoueHa Hhe nl4utb nocTonbKy, nocKonbKy opraHrqecKoe Teno B nefi orcagurBaercRnonHocrbro paccna6neHHblM.B aeficrBilTerbHocrtaxe uJaBacaHa- 3To npaKThKaorpa6orKn orAeneHhn "3$rpnoro Ay6nfl" ot opraxrvecrcoil KoMnoHeHTbr.Cyruxocru ulaBacaHbt, KaK roBoprnocb eurlue, cocror4TB BbrAeneHraraSupuoro 4y6rn, o6pasoBaHHoro BceMr npaHaMn, KpoMe AxananuAxaftn. B STOM -
yCnOBHOe
CXOACTBO UaBaCaHbr
C COCTOflHTeFt
flocne cMepcMepru, h orctoAa - Ha3BaHnenpaKThKr,r. Th B Tene raKxe ocraercc rolrbKo AxaHaHbAxafig-eafilo.
1s5
154 '
BunoRnqerct uaBacaHa B nonoxeHltlt nexa Ha cnnHe unu Ha rKHBore.flpartrxa ulaBacaHbtMoxeT 3aHl4Marbor HecKonbKuxMhHyr Ao HecKonuxuxgxefi, a e orAenbHbrx xpafine peAKytx cneqn$l,r.recKhx crryqanx B rcnonHeHlru oco6o BbtAapquxcs ilacrepoB - Ao HeI
CKOflbKHX HeAenb.
[lpu gocraroqHo rny6oxofi npopa6orxe 3Hepreru,{ecroil crpyKrypbr B npoqecce npaKTnKhacaHa-Axapbl paccna6nenueMoxer cnoHTaHHo npoMexyroq.Hoe npeo6pasoaarucr B uaBacaHy. flpaxtuxyroqeuy 14MeeT cMbrclorcnexxBaru noAoSsoropoAarpaxcQopl'raqnnn nonb3oBarbcAuunt qro6ut coorBercrBylot{r4M o6pason paSoru co3HaHt4q. nepeKnoqarbpexnu KoHTponq
l'lacrepcrBo B npaxrurce hcrr4HHoroMacrepa rto6ac acaHa coeAHHqer e ce6e Bce ceMb crynexefi TexHolorhqecKoro anropnrMa or co6creeHHoacaHbrxar QoprubtAo caMbnMbr, a no. reHepnpyeMoMy KaqecTBycocToeHt4cco3HaHl4qnonHocrbloorBeqaer ycnoBhqMflMbtu xhqMur.filo6an Acaxa, KorAa 6ur, r4e 6ur n rar 6ur Macrep ee Hh npaKThKoBan,B ero ilcnonHeHl4HnonHoqeHHorapMoHnqHa n 3aBepuleHa u caMa coAepxnr e ce6e cBoto co6ctseFrxyro KoMneHcaqhlono BceM HanpaBneHHnMBo BCeX aCneKTaX- He3aBt4CHMO OT TOrO, BbtnotHgeTctl oHa B nocneAoBaTeflbHocTr4 Apyrilx TexHt4Kunh coBepueHHo orAenbHo, caMa no ce6e, crMMerphr{HaoHa un[ acnMileTphqHa, npocTa unn c.noxHa, o6ulerateecrna nn6o acrpeqaercfl B npaKThKe ro.nbKo AaHHoro KoHKperHoro Macrepa. Coaepurencreo npaKTuKt4 Macrepa - He B coBepileHcTBeBbtncrHeHuflHM rnMHaCTlrLlecrnx Sopu, ? B ToM f4oryulecrBeHHoMnoroKe Cunot,
roropbrfi oH reHepnpyer B npocrpaHcrB€BoKpyr ce6n. flpucyrcra're arpro noroKa BcerAaoqyqaercf,, ecJlytoH ecrb, a MarHeruqecKoeBo3Aeftgrarg ero Ha co3HaHt4e qenoBeqecKhx cyulecro, oKa3aBUHxcRa cQepe ero Bnn*Hnnt- oqeBhAHo.9ro - ror cauufi noroK Cunu, xoropufi noMoraer ntoAsM 3axorerb crarb ceo6ogxee, cl,tfibHee,coBepueHHee...
Onrcaruerpelrpogotmuxrexnnt Bce ocHoeHbre acaHbr noeepxHocrHo onrcaHbl Bo MHorrx KHHrax. l-lutrarucg norrHocrbo, AeranbHo onhBHeuJHecaTb acaHy c yqeToM Bcex HpaHcoB cocToqHr4R ro t,! BHyrpeHHero 6eccuurcneHHo.Toqno rarc xe 6eccMbtcneHHonbtrarbct. nepeqncnnrb r xorn 6ut rparrco onhcarb Bce acaHbr eooEqe - nx cnhuKoM unoro. flulTaTbc9 xe onhcbrBaTb nocneAoBaTenbHocTl4acaH, B oco6enxocrn - nocreAoBarenbHocrl4, Bo3HhKapqhe B xoAe nororoeofi npaKTrKr4,- 3aHnr[e ta BoBce Herenoe, nocKonbKy nph orpoMHblx 3aTpaTax BpeMeHhoxear nnQopMalil4r46yAer eu{e MeHee aQ$ercrnanutfi, ueu B cnyqae nonbrroK onncaHnq nt4ll'lnqyarbHbrx acaH. K TOMy Xe CerOAHcB HatlleM pacnopgxeHnh ecTb TaKafl 3aMeqarerbHaq Beulb, KaK BilAeo... lA MoxHo npocro nocMoTpeTb,KaK, KaKre acaHbt 14B KaKnx nocneAoBaTeflbHocrqx npaKTxKyer ror unn naoil Macrep.
Jlnaura-ca&(ana floA o6qrm Ha3BaHHeM"n.naBnra-caAxaHaoo6te"co6paHHblx" AnHnercc pq4 TpeHxpoBoqHbrxnpaKT'iK, Ha rexHhKax nnaBaHtas h ceo6oAHoro HbrpcHrq. FlocKonbKy ArR nonHoqeHxofi npaKTHKlinnaBr4Ta-caAxaHbr
156 xeo6xo4rua ocHoBa g Bl4Ag.xopgtlero BnaAeHhe rexgnroft nnaBaHht coBpeHeHHUMncnoprr4BHbtMhcrvln+Mvt, B qacrHocrt4, 6paccom r KporeM, a raKxe yMeHne Hbtprrb il npaBhnbxo o6paqprbcr c npheMaMuBblpaBHhBaHhc BHyTpeHHeFO H BHeUHeTO AaBneHhRnpr HbtpAHun Ha ray6rny 20 u r 6onee, e ci.l4TatoHeKoppeKTHbrM orKpbrroe o6qegocrynnoe u3noxeHtae Aeranefi npaKThLrecKhxanropilTMoB B cnny 6egoreercrBeHHocrt4 no4o6xoro poAa geficrenfi. Hau6onee o6qre a3bt HaqarbHoro npn6nnxeHhr K npaKTilKenlaBhra-caAxaHbl BnolHe KoppeKftfo AaHbt a pa6ole C.Ecy4naxa r 3.Xefiq "frora il 3AopoBbe coBpeMeHHoro..teroBeKa"1. AH.qpeil fianna raKxe yAennn BHhMaHHe nrraBnraca4xaxez ,e ceoefi KHnre "fiora - TpaA[uh A egAHeHAA"3 14B KaqecTBenphMepa Aaxe qacThqHo np14Be,oAHy r43 Bo3MoxHbrxcxeM nocrpoeHhRrpexrpoarna.
TexHonorh.{ecKypnh H}r}oC H () paepa6aruraaor Cepreri ChAopqoe(Pu6a), Maxcru Hcoqxa n Anexcasgp Tauuea c 1997 r Ee 6asoeuM npnHqnnoMeBnnercecr4creMHan cxeMa (SS - <systemscheme>)BanMopacnofloxeH!4e14B3€r4MoorHor.leHnqnchxooHeprernqecKr4x SopM B npocrpaHcree.OcFrogxanoco6euHocrurexHonouqecxoh nnaunCH xax ncrxorpeHrxrosofi crcTeMbr- xecTK[eArHaMhKmTaTnqecKre npaKr[K]rKopoTKr4x cBt3oK c nphMeHeHreM 1,r co3epqarenbHbx TexHnK, ocHoBaHAbxaTenbHbrx Hbx Ha6nox-ceroeoilrexxonornr. Aeropaur rexHonon4nnpoBognrcn peryflqpHbtecegoxxure3nerH[e paculupeHHbre S-gxeaxurennSopAHeBHb€taexerqAHbre MaqiloHHo-npaKr[qecKne rpeHrHrn a 9epxnroee, a rapKe BbreqAuue o6yrarcqhe rpeHrHr-uHTeHcHBbr B ropoAaxFoccnr n VxpanHbr.
({epxnror)rnr [email protected] Cnpaoxrnoren. 10462214-65-30 I K.: tHyc-6yrc,1999-2000. . 2 l"le ccbrraqcb Ha ilcrorlHr,rxnmn$opr,raqrlt no groft npaKTllKe/ 6ueune Ans Heronepgnr{HbtMl4. 3 K.: gHyc-6yrc,1999. a nonnure cxeMH nparThqecKwxanrapnrMoa nnaBhracaAxaHbr orHocqrcr K Karerop[t4"3akpbtlofi',rxQopmaqrr.
gSOeKB qensxo6nenreHnsnpoqeccan3) {eHnl n noBbruJeHns TilAHOCTt4 ]4CnOnHeHnF BbrUen3nOXeHHbrX TpeHrpOBOqHbtx nporpaMMKoBceMKoMnneKc€rM nepBoroKypcaBbtnyu{eHo BLrAeonpnnoxeHhe. ' [o ronpocamnpuo6pereH[rBf,AeoffiarepxanoB o60aEarrcn no ren. (044)566-90-75(K$es)
