Английский язык: Пособие для слушателей подготовительного отделения

М И Н И СТ Е РСТ В О О БРА ЗО В А Н И Я РО ССИ Й СК О Й Ф Е Д Е РА Ц И И В О РО Н Е Ж СК И Й ГО СУ Д А РСТ В Е Н Н Ы Й У Н И В Е РСИ Т Е Т

А Н ГЛИ Й СК И Й Я ЗЫ К ПО СО БИ Е Д ЛЯ СЛУ Ш А Т Е ЛЕ Й ПО Д ГО Т О В И Т Е ЛЬН О ГО О Т Д Е ЛЕ Н И Я

В О РО Н Е Ж 2003

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У твер ждено научно-методичес ким с оветом факул ь тета РГФ 15.12.2002 г.

Составител и: Бабуш кинА .П. К оны гина Г.И . Симонова А .В .

Д анное пособие пр едназначено дл я слуш ател ей подготовител ь ны х отдел ений и кур сов, а также дл я стар ш екл ас с ников, самостоятел ь но готовящ ихс я к сдаче вступител ь ного экзамена по англ ийскому язы ку. Пр едставл яет собой обр азц ы экзаменац ионны х заданий, пр едл агавш ихс яв пр еды дущ ие годы пр и поступ л ении на факул ь теты истор ичес кий, компь ю тер ны х наук, жур нал истики, психол огии и фил ософии, фил ол огический, экономический, ю р идический. Состоит из 7 частей, каждая из котор ы х вкл ю чает л ексико-гр амматический тес т, подл ежащ ий пер есказу текст и фор мул ир овку устной р азговор ной темы .

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1. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Lorna Steel is possibly the most talented actress the world … (1)… . Her … (2)… career covers sixty years. She usually made … (3)… five films … (4)… . She will probably be remembered as the most popular actress of our time. The film industry was deeply shocked when she … (5)… her retirement last year. She had been going to the studios in a huge luxurious black limousine every day … (6)… the past 40 years. No one could quite believe her presence would … (7)… brighten up our cinema screens. She is now retired and lives in an extremely large beach house near the Mexican border. … (8)… she very rarely makes any public appearances. She is … (9)… beautiful, but now prefers to devote her valuable time to … (10)… old, stray dogs. 1A B C D

saw had seen has ever seen has never seen

2A B C D

4A B C D

a year in year for year at year

5 A announce B announces C announced D has announced

6A B C D

for during through throughout

7A B C D

not longer no longer no long not long

8 A These days B This days C That days D The days

9A B C D

still yet already too

10 A B C D

excitement excite excited exciting

3 A last B at least C the latest D late

looking after looking up look after look up

1. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. Do you think we should train animals to entertain us, for example, in circuses? Can it be said that dolphins have a “language”? One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute

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which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more”. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. “Oh, yes. That’s one of the words he knows,” the director said, showing no surprise at all. Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a “language”, in the real sense of the word? Scientists don’t agree on this. A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?” and “Who does Mary love?” mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn’t come from the words in the questions but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?” can’t be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning. 1. Task III Speak on the problem. In every city there is a wide net of local libraries. Then why do people collect books at home? 2. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Johnny Starrstruck is one of … (1)… famous actors in Hollywood today. Recently, Johnny … (2)… 7 Oscars and he now earns over 6 million per film. However, Johnny hasn’t always been … (3)… rich. He was born in Siberia where his father … (4)… a carpenter. Johnny’s family … (5)… to America when Johnny was five years old. He went … (6)… school in America and … (7)… he left school he worked as an insurance salesman. A Hollywood director saw Johnny on a beach in California and asked him to star in a film about surfing.

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Since then Johnny … (8)… 15 films. He has bought a house in Beverly Hills and he has a yacht in Hawaii. Next week he … (9)… married … (10)… Sylvia Sunshine, the Australian singer. 1A B C D

the most most more much

2 A wins B has won C had won D won

3A B C D

such a such enough so

4A B C D

worked worked as worked to worked like

5A B C D

had moved has moved was moving moved

6A B C D

into in at to

7A B C D

until when before while

8A B C D

made has made will have made had made

9A B C D

gets shall get is getting will get

10 A B C D

at with to for

2. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the question. Do you know any other examples of finding answers to difficult problems in the way described in the text? Late one night more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor ran into a problem that seemed impossible to solve. He was trying to design a sewing machine, but he couldn’t think of a way to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle. He was exhausted and finally went to bed. However he was so worried that he slept very badly. He had a nightmare in which he dreamt that he had been captured by a tribe of terrible savages. Their king threatened to kill and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, he ran into the same problem as before. The king was so angry that he ordered his soldiers to kill him immediately. Suddenly, the inventor noticed something. The soldiers were all carrying spears, and in the tip of each of them, there was a hole that looked just like an eye.

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The inventor woke up and realized that he had just found the solution to the problem. Instead of trying to make the thread run around the needle, he should make it run through a small “eye” or hole in the tip. The inventor’s name was Elias Howe, and this simple idea enabled him to design and build the first really successful sewing machine. He was not the only famous person to find solutions to difficult problems in this way. Thomas Edison, who invented the electric light bulb, said that his best ideas came to him in his dreams. So did Albert Einstein, the great mathematician and physicist. The novelist Charlotte Bronte also got inspiration from her dreams when writing “Jane Eyre”. Igor Stravinsky, the great composer, said that he “slept” on his problems, and when he woke up they were solved. Few people understand the meaning of dreams. In order to do so, you have to understand what happens when you sleep. When you are awake, you notice all sorts of things and get lots of ideas without realizing it. When you are asleep, the unconscious part of your brain is active and it begins to “digest” this information mentally. Sometimes it is that part of the brain that notices something important that the conscious part of your brain didn’t. The unconscious part of your brain, however, has its own logic and language. This is why the strange images in our dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”. 2. Task III Speak on the problem. Does the generation gap (between parents and their children) still exist? 3. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Last summer we went … (1)… in the village where my grandmother was born. I … (2)… there before, so when we … (3)… the station I was surprised to see … (4)… small it was. As in many villages … (5)… of England, all the houses are built of … (6)… stone. Running through the village is the River Tyne. The village has a church which … (7)… in the Middle Ages. Although the population is only … (8)… 500 people, this village has the best cricket team in the county, and many people play rugby as well. Apart from sport, though, so … (9)… happens there that many people … (10)… remember the time the Queen visited their village in 1955. 1A B C D

to stay stay staying stayed

2A B C D

had ever been had never been was never was ever

3A B C D

arrived in arrived to arrived at arrived

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4A B C D

what that how who

5 A on the north B on north C in the north D in north

6 A a same B the same C some D the some

7A B C D

built build were built was built

8 A close B closely C about D near

9 A small B least C little D less

10 A B C D

still till yet already

3. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the question. How do you feel about the girl in the story? She couldn’t believe her eyes when she looked in the mirror. There was not a single scar on her face and she looked exactly the same as she had before the terrible fire. It had been almost two years since she had been woken up in the middle of the night by the thick smoke that filled her room. Her memories of the rest of the night were confused. She could remember little up to the awful moment when she regained consciousness in the hospital, and caught sight of her reflection in the window. In the painful months that followed, Tracy had to endure the hurtful stares and whispers of strangers when they saw the horrific scars on her face. She had visited numerous burns specialists, all of whom shook their heads and told her there was nothing they could do. However, on the day she met Dr Martin and he said he was willing to perform surgery on her face, she cried with joy. The six separate operations had taken over twelve months to complete and it was three weeks after the final one when Dr Martin invited her into his office so that he could remove the bandages. A broad smile spread across her face as she silently looked at the results. At last, she was staring at the pretty face with the upturned nose and green eyes that she had become convinced she would never see again. 3. Task III Speak on the problem. Speak about your family traditions.

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4. Task 1 Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Last year my friend, … (1)… name is Annie, … (2)… me to stay with her during the summer holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, which is a beautiful town … (3)… of France. She has a big apartment which overlooks the river. The school where she works is very … (4)… to her apartment. Annie studied French … (5)… , which is the reason why she decided … (6)… in France. Annie teaches English to students, most of whom are hoping to study in England or America and … (7)… to speak English. I met some of Annie’s students when I got to Nancy. I also met Annie’s boss, who struck me … (8)… a very nice man. He offered me a job in his school … (9)… he found out that I was a teacher too. I decided to accept his offer, … (10)… I’m still here in Nancy. 1A B C D

whose which what who’s

2A B C D

invited was invited has invited had invited

3A B C D

in the east in east on the east on east

4A B C D

close closely nearly closer

5A B C D

at university at the university in university in the university

6A B C D

to live to leave living leaving

7A B C D

need to be able need be able needs to be able needs be able

8A B C D

as being for being as be for be

9A B C D

as soon as as soon while that

10 A B C D

that is why that is for that is where that is who

4. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the question. War is “the mother of invention”. How do you feel about this statement? War has been called “the mother of invention”, and this was certainly true in the French Revolutionary wars in 1792. The new republic faced enemies on

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all sides in the form of the forces of Britain, Austria, Holland, Prussia and Spain. What the Revolutionary Government urgently needed was a reliable system of communication. Claude Chappe, who was a priest and an engineer, had developed a telegraph system, but had not been able to test it fully. However, his brother Ignace was a member of the government, and arranged for Claude’s system to be tested. It turned out to be a great success and started a new form of highspeed communication. The two brothers had a series of towers built 5 to 19 km apart. At the top of each tower was a tall wooden mast, and they attached one horizontal and two vertical wooden beams to this mast. Using ropes, these could be moved to from 49 different shapes that could be recognized easily. Claude called this system “semaphore”, which comes from the Greek meaning “bearing a sign”. Operators in each tower watched neighbouring towers through a telescope and then passed the message on to the next one in the line. The first line stretched from Paris to Lille, a distance of 230 km. In August 1794, it carried its first message, the news of Napoleon’s victory at Le Quenoy. At an average speed of three signals a minute, it was carried in 20 minutes, more than 90 times faster than messengers on horseback. Once the value of Chappe’s system was understood, it soon became the standard method of communication in Europe. A system was built between London and the south coast, and other countries followed. By the time the electric telegraph was developed, France had more than 550 semaphore towers stretching 4,800 km. Unfortunately, Chappe’s system had some disadvantages. The main problem was that it could not be used during the night or on foggy days. The towers were also expensive to maintain and the cost of staff was high. In the end, Chappe was depressed by these criticisms of his inventions and by claims from other engineers that they had invented semaphore, and he committed suicide in 1805. 4. Task III Speak on the problem. Why is St. Petersburg called the second capital of Russia? 5. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Last year I went on a trip which was … (1)… disaster. I was going to Berlin on business when, … (2)… , I got on the wrong train. We were on the

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way to Brussels before I realized my mistake. When I got to Brussels I had more problems because all my money … (3)… German Marks and I didn’t have my credit card with me. By chance, I found a … (4)… policeman, who was soon on the phone to my company. Thanks to his help I was able to arrange for some money … (5)… to a nearby bank. I spent the night in a hotel and paid my bill in cash … (6)… leaving. In the end I got to Berlin twenty-four hours … (7)… than I … (8)… . Everyone … (9)… my trip was a big joke, especially when I … (10)… I had seen Brussels on the way. 1A B C D

absolute an absolute absolutely an absolutely

2A B C D

4A B C D

helpful helpfully helped helpless

5 A to send B send C to be sent D to be send

6 A before B after C since D for

7A B C D

late later latest the latest

8A B C D

9A B C D

10 A B C D

on accident at accident for accident by accident

expect was expecting had expected have expected

3 A was in B were in C had been D has been

think thought though through

told them told to them told their told there

5. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. Are you hooked on computers? The story tells us about the disadvantages of computers. And what are the advantages? The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been blamed for broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin and even one suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could cause serious problems and ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to offer suffers help and support. Psychologists have described many worrying examples, including one man who took his own life after borrowing more than $14,000 to feed his addiction, and a teenager who had to receive psychiatric treatment for his

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12-hour-a-day habit. “This illness is not fake, and it must be taken seriously,” said an expert in behavioural addiction at Nottingham Trent University. “These are not sad people with serious personality defects; they are people who were fine before the found the Internet. IAS is similar to other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have dreams about the Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they lie to their partners about how much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to do so. A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; although they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were made to stop using it. Almost anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked on computer games and who find it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet. Surprisingly, however, psychologists say that most victims are middle-aged housewives who have never used a computer before. 5. Task III Speak on the problem. Open one page in the glorious history of our country. 6. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. I … (1)… the first flight of Concorde, the aeroplane which … (2)… with the co-operation of the British and French Governments. I … (3)… at my grandparents’ house in Bristol. My granddad was retired by that time, but he … (4)… at the factory that built Concorde. That morning we had breakfast early, as granddad had promised that he would take us to the factory … (5)… Concorde take off. As we were walking … (6)… the factory, we were joined by many other people. Finally we arrived at a bridge near the factory where hundreds of people were standing. Some had been waiting there for over two hours. Minutes … (7)… we got our first sight of Concorde. It was beautiful. It was the … (8)… plane I … (9)… . I’ll never forget watching it … (10)… and disappear into the clouds. 1A B C D

remember am remembering was remembered is remembered

2 A B C D

build built was build was built

3A B C D

stayed at stayed up was staying at was staying up

4A B C D

had worked has worked works worked

5A B C D

watch to watch watching for watching

6A B C D

up towards along for

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7A B C D

later last least least

10 A B C D

8A B C D

long and thin longer and thin longest and thinnest longest and thinner

9A B C D

had ever seen had never seen saw didn’t see

take off take after take in take out

6. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. What is your attitude towards dating agencies? Where do young people usually find their partners? A long and happy marriage is something that many people wish for, but finding the right partner is much more difficult than you might imagine. A friend of mine, Susan, had not been very successful in her attempt to find the perfect partner, and she was beginning to lose heart and feel rather depressed. One day she happened to hear someone talking about a computer dating agency which could help you to find the ideal partner. Susan immediately made an appointment to see someone at the agency, then waited to see what would happen. The agency arranged a meeting with a “suitable” partner at the local railway station a week later, although I advised her not to go. My friend arrived a few minutes earlier but could see no one who matched the appearance of the man in the photograph she had been sent. She noticed a man waiting under the station clock and holding a bunch of flowers, but there was no one else around. Suddenly the man started chatting to her and, after a while, asked her if she would like to go and have a coffee. Not until much later did they come to the conclusion that they had both been waiting for each other! When they had both recovered from the shock, they decided that the computer had been right after all! 6. Task III Speak on the problem. What do you know about your future profession?

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7. Task I Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Only one answer is correct. Last month Gertrude … (1)… an invitation to her … (2)… friend’s wedding. Her friend’s name is Susan and they … (3)… each other for years. Susan was very rich and … (4)… in gold letters on expensive cards. Gertrude was worried because she didn’t have … (5)… nice to wear to the wedding. “I can’t afford to have a dress made, so I … (6)… make one myself,” she said to herself. Then she looked in the mirror. “Oh dear,” she said, “I haven’t had my hair done for months. I’ll go to the hairdresser’s tomorrow.” She also … (7)… that it would be a good idea to have her nails manicured … (8)… a professional. “I must look my best because I’m sure everyone … (9)… so well dressed,” she thought anxiously. But she needn’t have worried because on the day of the wedding she looked very … (10)… indeed.

1A B C D

had received has received receive received

4A B C D

had her invitations printed 5 A nothing has her invitations printed B something had her invitations printing C anything has her invitations printing D everything

7 A thought B thinking C was thought D was thinking 10 A B C D

2A B C D

8A B C D

better best the best most best

by for at in

3A B C D

know knew have known has known

6 A shall have to B must C should D can 9A B C D

is are at shall be

nice nicely nicer nicest

7. Task II Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. Do you agree that there are jobs for men only? How do you feel about Cristina Sanchez? When Cristina Sanchez told her parents that she wanted to become a bullfighter instead of a hairdresser, they weren’t too pleased. But when she was

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eighteen her parents realized that she was serious and sent her to a bullfighter school in Madrid, where she trained with professionals. Since last July, Sanchez has been the most successful novice in Spain and is very popular with the crowds. After brilliant performances in Latin America and Spain earlier this year, Sanchez has decided that she is ready to take the test to become a matador de toros. Out of the ring, Sanchez does not look like a matador. She is casually elegant, very feminine and wears her long blond hair loose. She seems to move much more like a dancer than an athlete, but in the ring she is all the power. When she was fourteen, Sanchez’s father warned her that the world of bullfighting was hard enough for a man and even harder for a woman. It seems he is right. “It really is a tough world for a woman,” says Sanchez. “You start with the door shut in your face. A man has to prove himself only once, whereas I have had to do it ten times just to get my foot in the door.” In perhaps the world’s most masculine profession, it would seem strange if Sanchez had not met problems. But even though Spanish women won the legal right to fight bulls on equal terms with men in 1974, there are still matadors like Jesulin de Ubrique who refuse to fight in the same ring as her. Sanchez lives with her family in Parla, south of Madrid. Her family is everything to her and is the main support in her life. “My sisters don’t like bullfighting, they don’t even watch it on TV, and my mother would be the happiest woman in the world if I gave it up. But we get on well. Mum’s like my best friend.” When Sanchez is not fighting she has a tough fitness routine – running, working out in the gym and practicing with her father in the afternoon. By nine she is home for supper, and by eleven she is in bed. She doesn’t drink, smoke or socialize. “You have to give up a lot,” says Sanchez. “It’s difficult to meet people, but it doesn’t worry me – love does not arrive because you look for it.” Sanchez spends most of the year travelling: in summer to Spanish and French bullfights and in winter to Latin America. Her mother dislikes watching Sanchez fight, but goes to the ring when she can. If not, she waits at home next to the telephone. Her husband has had to ring three times to say that their daughter has been injured, twice lightly in the leg and once seriously in the stomach. After she has been wounded, the only thing Sanchez thinks about is how quickly she can get back to the ring. “It damages your confidence,” she says “but it also makes you mature. It’s just unprofessional to be injured. You cannot let it happen.” Sanchez is managed by Simon Casas, who says, “At the moment there is no limit to where she can go. She has a champion’s mentality, as well as courage and technique.” 7. Task III Speak on the problem. In what way can ordinary people help to solve ecological problems?

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Составител и: Бабуш кинА натол ий Павл ович К оны гина Гал ина И вановна Симонова А нна В л адимир овна Редактор

Бунина Т .Д .

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