Моряк

ВСТУПНИЙ КУРС ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ВИМОВИ Англійський алфавіт – основа мови і знання літер – це головна умова оволодіння англійською вимовою. Для простішого вивчення літер та звуків транскрипція надається англійськими транскрипційними знаками і українськими літерами. Англійський алфавіт складається з 26 літер. Правила читання цих літер залежать від їх розташування у слові, сполучення з іншими літерами та наголосу. Aa

Gg

Nn

Uu

[ей][ei]

[джі][dZi:]

[ен][en]

[йу][ju:]

Bb

Hh

Oo

Vv

[бі][bi:]

[ейч][eit∫]

[оу][оu]

[ВІ] [vi:]

Cc

Ii

Pp

Ww

[сі][si:]

[ай][ai]

[пі][pi:]

[‘дабл’ю][‘dΛblju:]

Dd

JJ

Qq

Xx

[ді][di:]

[джей][dZei]

[к’ю][kju:]

[екс][eks]

Ее

Kk

Rr

Yy

[і][i:]

[кей][kei]

[а][a:]

[вай][wai]

Ff

LI

Ss

Zz

[еф][ef]

[ел][el]

[ес][es]

[зед][zed]

Mm

Tt

[ем][em]

[ті][ti:]

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Правила читання англійських літер. Читання приголосних Літера B, b [bi:] D, d [di:] F, f [ef] H, h*[eitS] J, j [dZei] K, k* [kei] L, l [el] M, m [em] N, n [en] P, p [pi:] T, t [ti:] V, v [vi:] Z, z [zed]

Звук Вправи у читанні: повторіть за диктором [b] Boy [boi], bit [bit], bob [b‫כּ‬b], about [ebaut], Mob [m‫כּ‬b], cab [k? b] [d] Did [did], dot [d‫כּ‬t], dog [d‫כּ‬g], under [‘Λnder], dad [d? d], food [fu:d] [f] Far [fa:], free [fri:], often [‫כּ‬fn], left [left], chief [t∫i:f], roof [ru:f] [h] His [hiz], hot [h‫כּ‬t], hat [h? t], behind [bi:haind], ahead [Ə’hed] [dZ] Jack [dZ? k], job [dZ‫כּ‬b], June [dZu:n], just [dZΛst], major [‘meidZƏ] [k] Key [ki:], kind [kaind], joker [dZoukƏ], make [meik], take [teik] [l] Let [let], last [lΛst], told [t‫כּ‬ld], call [k‫כּ‬:l], well [wel], deal [di:l] [m] Meet [mi:t], mute [mu:t], stamp [st? mp], come [kΛm], firm [fƏ:m] [n] Not [n‫כּ‬t], need [ni:d], kind [kaind], kin [kin], train [trein] [p] Put [put], pen [pen], upper [ΛpƏ], step [step], pump [pΛmp] [t] Tell [tel], talk [to:k], street [stri:t], dot [d‫כּ‬t], ticket [‘tikit] [v] Vacant [’veikƏnt], evening [‘i:vniŋ], receive [ri’si:v] [z] Zero [‘zirou], modernize [‘modƏnaiz], apologize [Ə’pOlodZaiz]

Точно так, тобто незалежно від оточення, стабільно звучать і деякі буквосполучення, передаючи один або кілька звуків.

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БуквоЗвук сполучення Sh N+k Kn Ph Qu Tion Tch Ture Wr

Вправи у читанні: повторюйте за диктором

Shop [∫Op], sheet [∫i:t], should [∫ud], wish [wi∫], dish [di∫] Ink [iŋk], drink [driŋk], think [Tiŋk], link [liŋk], [ŋ] pink [piŋk] Knife [naif], knee [ni:], knob [nOb], know [nou], [n] knowledge [nOlidZ] Phone [foun], photo [foutou], physician [fi’zi∫n], [f] telephone [telefoun] Quotation [kwou’tei∫n], inquiry [inkwƏri], [kw] require [ri’kwaiƏ] Reception [ri’sep∫n], question [kwest∫n], action [Sn] [?k∫n] [t∫] Switch [swit∫], watch [wOt∫], match [mæt∫], catch [kæt∫] Picture [pikt∫Ə], departure [dip’a: t∫Ə], feature [fi: [t∫Ə] t∫Ə] [r] Write [rait], wrong [rOŋ], wrist [rist] [∫]

Завдання 1. Розподіліть слова за звуками [∫], [ŋ], [n], [f], [kw], [∫n], [Zn], [t∫], [t∫Ə], [r], що передаються виділеними в них словосполученнями. Прочитайте слова за диктором. Instruction, pink, switch, shop, adventure, phone, short, quality, write, knowledge, dish, accommodation, phisician, feature, show, knit, quatation, should, mention, drink, wrist, ink, structure, match, quantity, Frank, departure, shipment, written, cash, request, telephone, shoe, know, moisture, question, knife, require, pitch, photo, wash, wrong, posture, she, thank, reservation, symphony, knob, watch, wrap, catch, equation, link, literature, shet, action, crank, wish, inquiry, reception, wriggle, picture, think, knee.

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Голосні звуки Голосні звуки можуть бути монофтонгами (1 звук), дифтонгами (2 звуки) та трифтонгами (3 звуки). Ее III** [i:] He We Pater

I* II IV V [e] [iƏ]; [εƏ] [Ə]; [i] [Ə:] Ten Term Here [iƏ] Begin [i] Men Prefer There [εƏ] moment [Ə] Well Reserve Where [εƏ] reception [i] * Виняток: pretty – [i]. ** Виняток: у деяких словах голосна літера “Е е” у відкритому наголошеному складі передає звук [e]: very, several, develop, ever, never. Завдання 2. Прочитайте за диктором слова, подані в таблицях: Аа I II III* IV** V [? ] [a:] [ei] [εƏ] [Ə] Car Car Rate Fare About bag bar same declare around catch market make Prepare ‘secretary * Це правило має виняток: у наступних словах голосна літера “А а” у відкритому наголошеному складі передає звук [x]: have, many any, travel, camera. ** Виняток: [a:] –are.

I [i] His into with

II [Ə:] Sir first firm

Ii III* [ai] Like fine nice

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IV [aiƏ] Tire wire require

V [i] Inform Imprint something

* Виняток: у деяких словах голосна літера “I i” у відкритому наголошеному складі передає звук [i]: gibe, visit, city, finish, minute. Oo III** [ou] No Home Propose

I* II IV V [O] [O:] [O:] [Ə:]; [O:] Not Or More lemonade [Ə] Got Port Store customer [Ə] ‘document York ‘foreign formality [O:] * Виняток: post – [ou] ** Виняток: у відкритому наголошеному складі голосна літера “О о” може передавати звуки: [u:] – to, do; [A] – done, (ac)company, worry; [wA] – one; [O] – model. Uu I

II

III*

IV** [ju:] [u:] [juƏ] [Λ] [u] [Ə:] Just put Turn duty rule Pure Pump full ‘purchase Tuesday June during Discuss push ‘purpose produce July durable * Виняток: study – [stAdi], business [‘biznis], busy [bisi] ** Виняток: sure – [Suq] Yy I

III

V

[i] ‘system ‘symbol ‘crystal

[ai] By Fly my

[i] ‘duty ‘closely ‘secretary

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На початку слова перед голocною [j] Yes Yet year

Голосна

Буквосполучення Ai

Звук [ei]

ay

Aa

Ee

air A+lf(m) A+n+приг. A+f+приг. A+s+приг. A+th Au Aw A+l+приг.

[εƏ] [εƏ] (амер.) [a:] (брит.)

W+a (I,II) Qu+a

[O] [O:]

Ea

[i:]

[O:]

cc c+ei

Ea+r Ee+r

[iƏ]

ew

[(j)u:]

Ea+r+приг. ey ei+gh

[Ə:] [ei]

Вправи у читанні Saif, paint train, plain, mail, ‘waiter, a’fraid, pain. (Виняток: said [e]). Play, pay, may, say, day, stay, delay, way, (says [e]) Hair, fair, air, pair, stairs, airport, chair Half, calf, palm, calm. (I не читаєтся). Can’t, de’mand, plant, dance. After, craft, draft. Class, task, fast, pass, last, ask, grass, past, grasp, bask, bath, ‘father Cause, be’cause, clause, sauce, taught, ‘daughter. Caught Raw, law, draw, claw All, talk, also, call, hall, small. (I перед k не читається) Want, warm, watch, wash, was, warn, war, wall, walk ‘quarter, ‘quantity, ‘quality Read, speak, treat, clean, meal, teach, pleace, leave, eat, Least. (Виняток: seat, great [ei], speak [ei]). Meet, three, agree, week, see, free, keep, need, deep. Feel, sleep, tree, greet, street. Cell, re’ceive, ‘ceiling, con’ceive, re’ceipt, re’ceiver Clear, near, dear, fear, hear. (Виняток: heart [a:], wear [εƏ]) beer, sheer, deer, engi’neer, ca’reer New, few, knew, dew, news. (Виняток: ‘jewelry [uq]) Search, earn, learn, heard, early, earth They, grey, obey, trey. (Виняток: key [ki:]). Eight, freight, weight, ‘neighbour, weigh

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Ea+d Ea+th Ie

Ii

Oo

[e] [i:]

I+gh I+ld I+nd

[ai]

ia Oi oy

[aiƏ]

Ou+gh

[O:]

oo

[u:]

Oo+k Our

[u] [ouƏ] [O:] [Ə]

[Oi]

ненаг. скл. W+or ou ненаг.скл.

Ow Oa Ow в кінці слова O+ld O+st

[wƏ:] [Λ] [au] [u:] [Ə]

[au] [ou]

Head, bread, read, al’ready, a’head, ‘ready Breath, death, ‘weather, ‘leather, ‘feather Chief, field, plece, relieve, be’lieve, a’chieve (friend[e]) Night, fight, light, might, right, hight, high, slight, de’lighted Child, wild, mild Kind,find, bind, ‘’diamond Trial, ‘diary, dial, giant, ‘’diamond Oil, point, joint, boil, spoil, coin, choice, a’ppointment. Boy, toy, en’joy, bellboy Bought, fought, thought, nought, brought, ought. Too, spoon, moon, tool, loose, tooth, cool, boot. (Виняток: foot [fut]) Book, took, look, cook, hook. Our, hour, sour, flour. (Виняток: tour, ‘tourist [uƏ]). Four, your, of course. (Виняток: ‘jounal, ‘journey [Ə:] ‘labour, ‘honour, ‘parlour) Word, work, worth, worm, re’word, world Young, trouble, ‘country, double, couple, e’nought Out, house, mouse, blouse, found, count, round, sound Soup, group, rouble, route, you ‘famous, ‘dangerous, ‘various, curious, ‘furious Town, borwn, down, crown, crowd, a’llowance Boast, boat, coat, moan, road, throat. Know, slow, blow, snow, flow, ‘window, ‘widow. (Виняток: how, now, cow, a’llow [au]). Old, gold, cold, fold, told, sold, mold Postage, post. (Виняток: cost, frost [O])

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O+m O+n O+th O+v

Ui

Ue Uu U+ll U+sh Gu+гол.

[Λ]

Some, come, mom ‘wonder, ‘money, son, none, done, (stone [stoun]) ‘nothing, other, mother, ‘brother. (Виняток: both [bouθ]); love, glove, above. (Виняток: prove, move [u:]) [ju:] Suit, suitcase, suitable. (Виняток: [u;] ‘building [‘bildiŋ]). Fruit, juice, ‘fruitful [juƏ] Fuel, duel, ‘puerile. [uƏ]; [u:] Cruel, gruel, true, blue, flu, glue, clue [u] Pull, full, bull. Push, bush, ‘bushel “U” не вимовляється: guide [gaid], guess [ges], guest [gest]

Reading exercise Pain, may, fair, calf, demand, fast, dance, because, claw, hall, walk, watch, teach, meet, hear, career, new, ready, breath, field, fight, dial, diamond, boil, thought, clue, suitable, other, blow, crown, said, eat, receiver, town, nothing, stone, various, sheer, right, ought, spoon, tourist, fruit, friend, warn, too, weather, wonder, famous, please, mail, postage, mold, dangerous, see, need, wear, jewelry, achieve, delighted, brown, high, coin, building, cow, week, grasp, last, young, afraid, chief, puerile, bask, greet, allow, earth, sleep, quarter, delay, mouse, world, widow, tree, heard, count, move, chair, worm, caught, conceive, week, enough, moan, leave, sound, feel, appointment, cool, mild, brought, now, small, boot, money, tour, choice, wall, fold, deep, war, come, believe, death, told, ahead, your, blouse, allowance, stay, daughter, meal, window, grass, stairs, labor, course, wash, clean, keep, heart, already, soup, fruitful, journal, loose, way, ceiling, road, found, might, brother, spoil, feather, knew, bellboy, route, blind, engineer, clause, past, prove, throat, couple, waiter, airport, cook, reword, taught, steak, says, double, call, plain, flour, foot, flow, you, slight, coat, relieve, fear, done, sold, bind, toy, was, above, free, read, giant, snow, frost, treat, early, joint, also, dear, glue, guest, dew, day, tooth, journey, worth, ask, calm, sour, draw, train, took, task, say, great, craft, house, paint, pay,

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air, palm, plant, aft, round, enjoy, crowd, receipt, guess, gold, furious, deer, find, slow, leather, speak, warm, cost, suitcase, glove, bought, parlor, hook, sauce, country, talk, near, juice, work, law, duel, news, ruble, thief, agree, son, bread, wild, point, boat, diary, both, sail, trouble, read, gruel, tool, fly, play, clear, fuel, book, earn, love, child, boast, hair, true, out, half, light, pair, how, piece, fought, can’t, know, class, hour, cause, all, want, suit, pass, quality, old, least, receive, beer, few, search, head, bath, none, health, night, word, kind, after, trial, cold, oil, boy, though, moon, our, four, of, seat, group, curious, down, post, three, some, guide, mother, cruel, raw, blue, lady, model, declare, develop, be, set, here, give, first, shop, open, before, duty, number, purpose, simply, yet, market, contract, plan, arrive, it, perfectly, next, me, type, do, for, turn, just, department, spare, case, yard, cry, over, morning, customer, reserve, very, suffer, pull, my, yellow, prefer, quality, tire, cash, sir, service, he, like, where, dress, besides, future, us, sky, table, buy, bit, wide, until, repair, made, system, lobby, bar, suppose, back.

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