A Member of the International Code Familyn
> & '-
INTERNATIONA CODE INTERNATIONAL cou?JcIr
2006 International Fire Code'
First Printing: January 2006
ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-255-3 (soft) ISBN- 10: 1-58001-255-8 (soft) ISBN- 13: 978-1-58001-254-6 (loose-leaf) ISBN-10: 1-58001-254-X (loose-leaf) ISBN-13: 978- 1-58001-304-8 (e-document) ISBN- 10: 1-58001-304-X (e-document)
COPYRIGHT 02006 by INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL. INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2006 filter-nntiorrrtl Fire Code@is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of exarnplc and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233). Trademarks: "International Code Council ,"the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Fire Code" are trademarks of the International Code Council. Inc.
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
PREFACE Introduction Internat~onally.code officials recognize the need f o ~a modem, up-to-date fire code addressing conditions hazardous to life and of buildings and premises. The property from fire, explosion, handling or usc of ha7ardous materials and the usc and occupa~~cy I~zterizatioizalFire Codeo, in this 2006 edition. is designed to meet these needs through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities. large and small. This comprehensive fire code establishes minii~~urn regulations for fire prevention and fire protection systems using prescriptivc and performance-rclated provisiorls. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new system designs. This 2006 edition is fully compatible with all the In/ertlariorlal Codess (I-Codeso! published by thc Internationnl Code Courlcil (KC)@,includ~ngthe Interr~atiorlalBuililing Codem,ICC Elecrrical Code'O, Intel-t~alionalEllergj Conservatiolz Code", International Existirzg Building Codeo, Interrzatiotlal Fuel Gas Codea, h~ternationulMeclzanical CodeGD, ICC Perforrnurzce Codea, Iiltertlatiotlal Plurt~Oir~g Code'", Irztertzntiotml Privatr Sewage Disposal CodeIn,I~~ternatiotlal Propertly Muit~ter~urzce Code@, Ifztertzutional Residential Codem,.International Wildlutld-Urbarl I n ~ e r f i ~ CodeTM ce and Itzternational Zotzing CodecJ3. The Ztzternatiorzul Fire Code provisions provide Inany benefits, among which is the model code developmcnt process that offers an international forum for fire safety professionals to discuss performance and prescr-iptive code requirements. This forum provides an excellent arena to debate proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of provisiorls.
Development The first edition of the Intematiortal Fire Code (2000)was the culmination of an effort initiated in 1997 by a development committee appointed by ICC and consisting of represe~itativesof the threc statutory members of the International Code Council: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), Inten~ationalConfere~lceof Building Officials (ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). The intent was to draft a comprehcnsivc set of fire safety regulations consistenl with and i~lclusiveof the scope of the existing model codes. Technical content of the latest model codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and S RCCI was utilized as the basis for the development, followed by public hearings in 1998 and 1999 to considcr proposed changes. This 2006 edition presents the code as originally issued, with changes rcflcctcd in the 2003 edition and further changes approved through the ICC Code Development Process through 2005. A new edition such as this is promulgated cvery thrcc ycars. This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scopc of afire code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of ncw materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of constmctio~~.
Adoption Thc Irzter-nationalFire Code is available for adoption and usc by jurisdictions internationally. Its use within a governmental jurisdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdiction's laws. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate irlformation in provisions requiring specific local information, such as the nanlc of the adopting jurisdiction. Thcse locations are shown in bracketed words in small capital letters in the code and in the sample ordinance. The sample adoption ordinancc on page v addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code tcxt.
Maintenance The Iilt'rt~atiot~alFire Code is kept up-to-date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcirig officials, industry representatives. design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes arc carefully considered through an open code developmcnt process in which all interested and affected parties may participate. Thc contents of this work are subject to change both through the Code Development Cycles and the governmental body that cnacts the codc into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Code and Standard Dcvelopment Department of the International Code Council. While the development procedure of the h~terrzatiorzalFire Code assures the highest dcgree of care, ICC, its members and those participating in the development of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with thc provisions because ICC and its founding members do not have the power or authority to police or enforcecompliance with the contents of this code. Only the govcrn~nentalbody that enacts the code into law has such authority. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE"
Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Code Development Hearings by tlic ICC Fire Code Dcvelopment Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action 011 the proposed changc. Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter in brackets are considcred by adifferent code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that have [B] in front of thcrn (e.g. [B] 607.2) arc considercd by the ICC Building Code Development Committee at the code development hearings. The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation are maintained by anothcr code developmcnt committee in accordance with thc following: (B] = International Building Code Development Committee; [EB] = International Existing Building Code Development Committee;
[FG] = International Fuel Gas Code Development Committee; [MI = International MechanicaI Code Development Committee; and [PI = International Plumbing Code Development Committee.
Marginal Markings Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2003 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( I,) are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
ORDINANCE The h~terizutionnlCodes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference hy ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopl Lhe 2006 Itzlerncttionul Fire Code as an enforceable regulation governing regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from thc storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises should ensure that ccrtain factual inronnation is includcd in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate governmental body. Thc following sample adoption ordinance addrcsscs several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the infor~nationrequired for insertion into the code text.
SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF T H E INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE ORDINANCE NO. An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION]adopting the 2006 edition of the Internntional Fire Code, regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards xising Crom the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and prcmises in the [JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; repealing Ordinance No. of the [JURISDICTION] and all other ordinances and parts of thc ordinances in conflict therewith. The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION]docs ordain as follows:
Section 1. That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on filc in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the Internntionnl Fire Code, 2006 cdition, includi~~g Appendix Chapters [FILL. IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED] (see Internutional Fire Code Section 101.2.1,2006 edition). as published hy the International Code Council, be and is hereby adopted as the Fire Code of the [JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] regulating and governing the safeguarding of lifc and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage. handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises as hcrcin provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties. conditions and terms of said Fire Code on filc in the office of the [JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hercof, as if fully sct out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance. Section 2. That the following sections are hereby revised: Section 101.1 Inscrt: [NAME OF JURISDICTION] Section 109.3. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS] Scction 1 11.4. Inserl: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]
Section 3. That the geograpl~iclimits referred to in certain sections of the 2006 h~terncrtionalFire Code are hereby established as follows: Section 3204.3.1.1 (geographic limits in which thc storagc of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Section 3404.2.9.5.1 (gcographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class 11 liquids in above-ground tanlis outside of buildings is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Sect~on3406.2.4.4 (geographic limit5 in which the storage of Class I and Class I1 liquids in above-ground tanks is prohihited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Section 3804.2 (gcographic limits in which the storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]
Section 4. That Ordinancc No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY SPECIFIC REFERENCE] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict l~ercwithare hereby repealed.
Section 5.That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional: such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. Thc [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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would have passed this ordinance, and each section. subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any onc or more sections, subsections. sentences. clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.
Scction 6. That nothing in this ordinancc or in the Fire Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any act or ordinancc hercby repealed as cited in Section 4 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character bc lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance. Section 7. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be publishcd. (An additional provision may be rcquired to direct the number of timcs the ordinance is to be published and to spccify that it is to be in a newspaper in gencral circulation. Posting may also be required.) Section 8. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations. provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hcreby shall take effect and bc in full forcc and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after thc date of its final passage and adoption.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION Section
............... 1
403
Public Assemblages and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
404
Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
405
Ernergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
102 103
Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dcpartment of Fire Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
406 407
Einployce Training and Response Proccdurcs . . . 37 ~~~~~d~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . .~. . . . . . .~. . . . . 37~
104
General Authority and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . 2 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
408
Use and Occupancy-related Rcquircments . . . . . 38
105 106
Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES
107
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
108
Board of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
109
Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 10
Unsafe Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 11
Stou Work Ordcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS
................... 13
Section
....... 41
Section 501
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
502
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
503
Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
504
Access to Building Openings and Roof5 . . . . . . . 42
505
Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 .
506
KeyBoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
201
Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
507
Hazards to Fire Fighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
202
General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
508
Fire Protection Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CHAPTER 3
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ..................27
509
Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5 10
Fire Department Access to Equipment . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Section
CHAPTER 6
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS ................. - 4 5
301
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
302
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
303
Asphalt Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Section
304 305
Combustible Waste Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Ignition Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
601
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
602
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
306
Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film . . . . 28
603
Fuel-fired Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
307
Open Burning and Recreational Fires . . . . . . . . . 28
604
Emergency and Standby Power Systems . . . . . . . 47
308
Opcn Flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
605
Electrical Equipment. Wiring and Hazards . . . . . 49
309
Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment . . . . . 3 1
606
Mechanical Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
310
Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
607
Elevator Recall and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
31 1
Vacant Premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
608
Stationary Storage Battery Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 12 313
Vehicle Impact Protec~iurl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Fuelcd Equipmcnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
609
Commercial Kitchen Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
314
Indoor Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
315
Miscellaneous Combustible Materials Storage . . 33
CHAPTER 4
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS ............ 35
Section
CHAPTER 7
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION ................55
Section 701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
702
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
401
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
703
Fire-resistance-rated Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
402
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
704
Floor Openings and Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS 57
...................
1008 Doors . Gates and Turnstiles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1009 Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Section 801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 802 ~ ~ f i. . . ~. . . .i . . ~ . . . .i. . .~. . . ~. . . .~. . . . . . . . 57
l o 1 ] Exitsigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 1012 Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
803
Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish and Trim in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
1013 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
804
Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim in New and Existing.Buildings .. . . . . . . . . . .
805 806 807 808
59
U~holsteredFurniture and Mattresses in New and Exisiting Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
1014 ~~i~ A~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 1015 Exit and Exit Access Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016 Exit Access Travel Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 1017 Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
in New and Decorative Vegetation . Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
1018 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Furnishings Other Than Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings
1021 Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 1022 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
1019 Number of Exits and Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Decorative Materials Other Than Decorative Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 vegetation in N~~ alld ~ ~~ ~ ii l . .d. 62 ~i ~ 1020 ~~ ~ Vertical i ~ Enclosures ~ . .
. . . . 63
1023 Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways . . . . . . . . . . 129
CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS .... 65
1024 Exit Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Section
1025 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
901
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
902
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
903 904
Automatic Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Alternative Autonlatic Fire-extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
905
Standpipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
906
Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
907
Fire Alarm and Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
908
Emergency Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
909 9 10
Smoke Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Smoke and Heat Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
1 104 Aircraft Maintenance . . . . . . . .
911
Explosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
1 105 Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
912
Fire Department Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
1106 Aircraft Fucling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
9 13
Fire Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1107 Helistops and Heliports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
914
Fire Protcction Based on Special Detailed Requirements of Use and Occupancy . . . . . . . 100
CHAPTER 12 DRY CLEANlNG ................ 151
............
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS 103 Section 100 1 Ad~llinistration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1003 General Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 1004 Occupant Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 1005 Egress Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 1006 Means of Egress Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 1007 Accessible Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 viii
1 026 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 1027 Means of Egress for Existing Buildings . . . . . . 136 1028 Maintenance ofthe Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . 140
CHAPTER 11 AVIATION FACILITIES .......... 143 Section
I 101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103 General Precautions . . . . . . . . .
Section 1201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1203 Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1204 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1205 Operating Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 1206 Spotting and Pretreating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 1207 Dry Cleaning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 1208 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 13 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS 155
..................
Section
CHAPTEK 16 FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING
... 173
Section 1601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
1301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1303 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1304 Explosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
CHAPTER 14 FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION .................. 157 Section
16U3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
1603 EthyleneGas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1604 Sources of Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1605 Combustible Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1606 Ethylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1607 Warning Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
1401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
CHAPTER 17 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING ...... 175
1402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Section
1403 Temporary Heating Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
1701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
1404 Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
1702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
1405 Flammable and Con~bustibleLiquids . . . . . . . . . 157
1703 Fire Safety Rcquirernents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
1406 Flammable Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 1407 Explosive Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 1408 Owner's Responsibility for Firc Protection . . . . 158 1409 Firc Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 8 1410 Access for Fire Fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 14 11
Meails of Egrcss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
CHAPTEK 18 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES .................... 177 Section 1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 1802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
1412 Water Supply for Fire Protectioll . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
1803 General Safety Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
1413 Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
1804 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
1414 Automatic Sprinkler System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
1805 Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
1415 Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1416 Motorized Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1417 Safeguarding Roofing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . 159
CHAPTER 15 FLAMMABLE FINISHES
........ 161
Section 1501 Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 1502 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 1503 Protection of Opcrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 1504 Spray Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 1505 Dipping Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 1506 Powder Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 1507 Electrostatic Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I69 1508 Organic Peroxides and D~ial-cornponcnt Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 1509 Indoor Manufacturing of Reinforced Plastics . . 170 1510 Floor Surfacing and Finishing Operations . . . . . 170
CHAPTER 19 LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILII'IES ... 187 Section 1901 Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 1903 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1904 Fire Prolection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1905 Plywood. Veneer and Composite Board Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 1906 Log Storage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 1907 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material Associated With Timbcr and Lumber Production Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I88 1908 Storage and Processing of Wood Chips. Hoggcd Material. Fines. Compost and Raw Product Associated With Yard Waste and Recycling Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
1909 Exterior Storage of Finished Lurnber Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
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CHAPTER 20 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS
.....................191
2302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 2303 Commodity Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Scction General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1
2304 Designation of High-piled Storage Areas . . . . . 218 2305 Houselteeping and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
2001 2002
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 2003 Gencral Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1
2306
~~~~~~lFire protection and if^ safety Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
2004 Electrical Equipment and Protection . . . . . . . . . 191
2307
Solid-piled and Shelf Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
2005 Process Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
2308 Rack Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Process Mills and Kettlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Process Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Raw Materials in Process Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Raw Materials and Finished Products . . . . . . . . 193
2309 Automated Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
2006 2007 2008 2009
CHAPTER 21 INDUSTRIAL OVENS ........... 195 Section 2101 Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 21 02 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2103 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2104
FuclPiping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
23 10 Specialty Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
CHAPTER 24 TENTS. CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 225 Section 2401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 2402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
.....
2403 Temporary Tents. Canopies and Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 2404 Temporary and Permanent Tents. Canopics and Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
2105 Tnterlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2106 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 196 2 107 Operation and Maintcnance . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 25 TIRE REBUILDING AND TIRE STORAGE ................231 Section
CHAPTER 22 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR
..........197
2201
Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2503 Tire Rebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 2504 Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 2505 O L l t d o o r ~ t o r a g e . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
2202
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2506 ~i~~ D
GARAGES....."..'.' Section
. .~. . . . . .~. . . . . .~. . . . .232 ~ent A~~~~~ ~ ~
Fencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
2203 Location of Dispensing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2507
2204 Dispensing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
2508 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
2205 2206
Operational Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Flan~mableand Combustible Liq~lidMotor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I99
2509
~~d~~~storage A~~~~~~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
CHAPTER 26 WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK
2207 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
section
2208
Compressed Natural Gas Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
2601
2209 Hydrogcn Motor Foel-dispensing and ~~~~~~~i~~~ ~ ~ .i . .l. . i. . .~. . i. . .~. . .~. . . . 206
2603
221 0 ~~~i~~ M~~~~puel-dispensing l+,-ilities. . . . . . 209 22 1 1 Rcpair Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1
.................... 233
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
2602 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
2604 Fire Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 2605 Gas Welding and Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 2606 Electric Arc Hot Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
CHAPTER 23 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE
...................... 215
2607 Calcium Carbide Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 2608 Acetylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Section Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
2609 Piping Manifolds and Hose Systems for Fuel Gases and Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
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CHAPTER 27 HAZARDOUS MATERIALSGENERAL PROVISIONS
.........237
Section 2701
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
2702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 2703 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 2704 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 2705
...........
CHAPTER 32 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 279 Section 3201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3203 Gencral Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3204 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 3205 Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
Use. Dispensing and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
CHAPTER 28 AEROSOLS .....................263 Section 2801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2803 Classificatio~lof Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2804 h i d e Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . 263 2805 Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 2806 Retail Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 2807 Manufacturing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
CHAPTER 29 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS
.........269
CHAPTER 33 EXPLOSIVES 4 N D FIREWORKS ................... 285 Section 3301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 3302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 3303 Record Keeping and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 3304 Explosive Materials Storage and Handling . . . . 291 3305 Manufacture, Assembly and Tcsting of Explosives, Explosive Materials and Fireworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 3306 Small Arms Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 3307 Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 3308 Fireworks Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Section 2901
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
2902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 2903 General P~ecautions 2904 Louse Fiber Storagc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 2905 Baled Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
CHAPTER 30 COMPRESSED GASES
..........271
Section 3001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 3003 General Rcquirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 3004 Storage of Compressed Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3005 Use and Handling of Co~npressedGascs . . . . . . 275 3006 Medical Gas Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3007 Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated
CHAPTER 31 CORROSIVE MATERIALS
. . 276
....... 277
Section 3101
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
3 102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 3 103 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 3104
Storagc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 77
3105
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
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CHAPTER 34 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 305 Section 3401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 3402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 3403 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 3404 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 3405 Dispensing. Use . Mixing and Handling . . . . . . . 329 3406 Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
.......
...........
CHAPTER 35 FLAMMABLE GASES 345 Scction 3501 Gcrleral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3502 Definitioils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3503 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3504 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 3505 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
CHAPTER 36 FLAMMABLE SOLlDS .......... 347 Scction 3601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3602 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3603 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3604 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3605
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
CHAPTER 41 PYROPHORIC MATERIALS
.....373
3606 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Scction
CHAPTER 37 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS
4 102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
Section
4104 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
4101 Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
.................... 351
4103
General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
4105
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
3702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
4106
SilaneGas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
3701
3703 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids . . . . 352 3704 Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases . . . 353 3705 Ozone Gas Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
CHAPTER 42 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS
...........377
4201
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377
CHAPTER 38 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
4202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Section
4204
.........................359
3801
4203 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Storage and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Installation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Location of Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Prohibited Use of LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Dispensing and Overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Safety Precautions and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
3808 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1 3809 Storage of Portable LP-gas Containers Awaiting Use or Resale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 38 10 Containers Not in Servicc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 38 1 1 Parking and Garaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
CHAPTER 39 ORGANIC PEROXIDES
..........365
Section
CHAPTER 43 UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIALS
....................379
Section 4301 Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4303 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4304
Storaqe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
4305
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
CHAPTER 44 WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS ....................... 381 Section 4401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 4402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 4403 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
4404
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
3902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
4405
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
3901
3903 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 3904 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 3905
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
CHAPTER 40 OXlDIZElZS
.................... 369
Section 4001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 4002
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369
4003 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
CHAPTER 45 REFERENCED STANDARDS APPENDIX A BOARD O F APPEALS
.....383
........... 391
Section A101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
APPENDIX B FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS ............... 393 Section
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
BlOl General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
4005 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
B102 Definition5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
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B103 Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
B 104 Firc-flow Calculation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 B 105 Fire-flow Requirements for Bulldings . . . . . . . . 393 B 106 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
APPENDIX C FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION ............395 Scction ClOl
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
C102 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 C103 Number of Firc Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 C104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants . . . . . . 395 C 105 Distribution of Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
APPENDIX D FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS ........................397 Section Dl01 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 D 102 Required Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Dl03 Minimum Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 D l 0 4 Commercial and Industrial Developt~lcnts. . . . . 398 Dl05 Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . 398 D 106 Multiple-family Residential Developments . . . . 398
D 107 One- or Two-family Residential Developnlents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
APPENDIX E HAZARD CATEGORIES
.........401
Section E l 0 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 E l 0 2 Hazard Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 EJ 03 Evaluation of Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
APPENDIX F HAZARD RANKING .............407 Section
FI 0 l
Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
F 102 Refcrenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407
APPENDIX G CRYOGENIC FLUIDS-WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS ...409 Section GlOl General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
INDEX
....................................... 411
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xiv
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION SECTION 101 GENERAL 101.1 Title. Thcsc rcgulations shall be known as the F ~ r eCode of [ N A M E OF JURISDICTION], hereinafter refcrred to as "this code." 101.2 Scope. This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to structurcs. processes. premises and safeguards regarding: I . The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling or use of structures, materials or devices;
2. Conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare in the occupancy of structures or premises; 3. Fire hazards in the structure or on the premises from occupancy or operation;
4. Matters related to the construction, extension. repair, alteration or renloval of fire suppression or alarm systems. 101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unlcss specifically adoptcd. 101.3 Intent. The purposc of this code is to establish the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practice for providing a reasonable level of life safety and property protection from the hazards o l fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and cxisting buildings, structures and premises and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency rcsponders during emergency operations. 101.4 Severability. If a section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this code is, for any reason, held to bc unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect thevalidity of the remaining portions of this code. 101.5 Validity. In the event any part or provision of this code is hcld to bc illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions hereof, which are determined to be legal; and it shall be presumed that this code would havc bccn adopted without such illegal or invalid parts or provisions.
SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY 102.1 Construction and design provisions. The constmction and design provisions of this code shall apply to: 1. Structures, facilitics and conditions arising after the adoption of this codc. 2. Existing structures, facilitics and conditions not legally in cxistcnce at the time of adoption of this code.
3. Existing structures. facilities and conditions whcn identified in specific sections of this code. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
4. Existing structures, facilities and conditions which. in the opinion of the firc code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.
102.2 Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions. The administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply to: 1. Conditions and operations arising after the adoptlon of this code. 2. Existing conditions and operations. 102.3 Change of use or occupancy. No change shall be made in the use or occupancy of any structure that would place the structure in adifferent division of the same group or occupancy or in a different group of occupancies, unless such structure is made to comply with the requirements of this code and the Zratcrr~atiorznlB~tildingCode. Subject to the approval of the fire code official, the use or occupancy of an existing structure shall be allowed to bc changed and the structure is allowcd to be occupied for purposes in other groups w~thoutconforming to all the requirements of this code and the 61tenzntionalB~tildi~zg Code for those groups, provided the new or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk. than the existing use. 102.4 Application of building code. Thc design and construction of new structurer shall comply with the Irzter~zutio~zal Buildirzg Code, and any alterations, additions, changes in useor changes in structures required by thia code, which are within the scope of the Zntenzational Buiiding Code, shall be made in accordance therewith. 102.5 Historic buildings. The provisions of this codc relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargcment. restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures idcntificd and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as h~storicbuildings when such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. Fire protection in designated historic buildings and structurcs shall be provided in accordance with an approved fire p~otectionplan. 102.6 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and ?tandards refcrenccd In this code shall he thosc that arc listcd in Chapter 45 and such codes and standards shall bc considered partif the I-cquircmentsof this code to the prescribed cxtent of cach such reference. Where differences occur between the provisions of this code and the referenced standards, thc provisions of this code shall apply. 102.7 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where no applicable standards or requirements are set forth in this codc, or ar-c contained within other laws, codes, rcgulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by thejurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protcction Association or other nationally recognized fire safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidcncc of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the fire code official to determinc compliance with 1
ADMINISTRATION
codes or standards for those activities or installations within the fire codc official's jurisdiction or responsibility.
102.8 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not specifically provided for by this code shall be determined by the fire code official. 102.9 Conflicting provisions. Where there is a conflict bctween a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable.
SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE PREVENTION 103.1 General. The department of fire prevention is established within the jurisdiction under the direction of the fire codc official. Thc function of the department shall be the implementat~on,administration and cnforccment of the provisions of this code. 103.2 Appointment. The fire code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction; and the fire codc official shall not be removed from office cxccpt for cause and after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant chargcs by and before the appointing authority. 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the fire code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy firc code official, other relatcd technical officers, inspectors and othcr employees. 103.4 Liability. The firc code official, officer or employee charged with the cnforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, shall not thereby be rendered liable personally, and is hercby rclieved from all personal liability for any darnage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act required or pcrmittcd in the discharge of official duties. 103.4.1 Legal defense. Any suit instituted against any officer or en~ployeebecausc of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under the provisions of this codc shall be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction until the final termination of the proceedings. The fire code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code; and any officcr of the department of fire prevention, acting in good faith and without malice, shall be free fro111liability for acts performed under any of its provisions or by reason of any act or omission in the performance of official duties in connection therewith.
SECTION 104 GENERAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES 104.1 General. The fire code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code and shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code; and to adopt policies, procedures, rules and regulations in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations. policies, procedures,
rules and regulations shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2 Applications and permits. The firc code official is authorized to receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for operations regulated by this code. inspect the premises for which such permits have been issucd and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code. 104.3 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or whenever the fire code official has reasonable cause to belicve that there exists in a building or upon any premises any conditions or violations of this code which make the building or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the fire code official shall have the authority to enter the building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed upon the fire code official by this codc. If such building or premises is occupied, the fire code official shall present credentials to the occupant and rcquest entry. If such building or premises is unoccupied, the fire code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other person having charge or control of the building or premises and rcquest entry. If entry is refused, the fire code official has recourse to every remedy providcd by law to secure entry. 104.3.1 Warrant. When the fire code official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner or occupant or person having charge, care or control of the building or premises shall not fail or neglect, after proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the firc codc official for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant to this codc. 104.4 Identification. The fire code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures or premises in thc performance of duties under this code. 104.5 Notices and orders. The fire code official is authorized to issue such notices or orders as are required to affect compliance with this code in accordance with Sections 109.1 and 109.2. 104.6 Official records. The fire code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.6.1 through 104.6.4. Such official records shall be retained for not less than five ycars or for as long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by other regulations. 104.6.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the fire code official and shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordancc with applicable laws. 104.6.2 Inspections. The firc code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each. 104.6.3 Fire records. The fire department shall keep a record of fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of facts concerning the same, incl~tdingstatistics as to the cxtent of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
ADMINISTRATION
such fires and the damage caused thereby, together with other information as required by the fire code official.
104.6.4 Administrative. Appl~cation for modification, alternative methods or materials and the final decision ofthe fire code official shall be in writing and shall be officially rccorded In the permanent records of the fire code official. 104.7 Approved materials and equipment. All materials, equipment and devices approved by the fire code official shall hc constructed and installed in accordance with such approval. 104.7.1 Material and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be reused or reinstalled unless such elements have been reconditioned, tested and placed in good and proper working condition and approved. 104.7.2 Technical assistance. To determine the acceptability of tccl~riologies.processes, products, facilities. materials and uses attending the design, operation or use of a building or premises subject to inspection by the fire code official. the fire code official is authorized to require the owner or agent to provide, without charge lo thejurisdiction, a technical opinion and report. The opinion and report shall be prcpared by a qualified engineer. specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the tire code official andshall analyze the fire safety properlies of the design, operation or use of thebuilding or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, to recommend necessary changes. The fire code official is authorized to require design suhmittals to be prepared by, and bear the stanip of, a registered dcsign professional. 104.8 RTodifications.Whenever there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the fire code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases. provided the fire codc official shall first find that special individual reason niakes the strict letter of this code impractical and the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lcsscn health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the filcs of the department of fire prevention. 104.9 Alternative materials and methods. The provisions of this codc are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any method of coilstruction not syecifically prescribedby this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. The fire code official is authorized to approvc an altcrnativc n~atcl.ialor method of construction where the fire code official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectivenes~,fire rcsistance. durability and safety. 104.10 Fire investigations. The fire code official, the fire department or other responsible authority shall have the authority to iilvestigntc the cause, origin and circuinstances of any firc, explosion or other hazardous condition. Information that could be related to trade secrets or processes shall not be made part of the public record except as directed by a court of law. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
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104.10.1 Assistance from other agencies. Police and othcr enforcement agencics shall have authority to rendcr necessary assistance in the investigation of fires when reqacsted to do so. 104.11 Authority at fires and other emergencies. 'l'he fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the protection of life orproperty or any part thereof, shall have the authority to direct such operation as necessary to extinguish or coritrol any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate the existence of suspected o r reported fires, gas leaks or other hazardous conditions or situalions, or take any other action necessary in the reasonable pcrfornlance of duty. In the exercise of such power, the fire chief is authorized to prohibit any person, vehicle, vessel or thing from approaching the sccnc and is authorized to remove, or cause to be removed or kcpt away from the scene, any vehicle, vessel or thing which could impedeor intcrfere with the operations of the fire department and, in the judgmcnt of the fire chief, any person not actually and usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. 104.11.1 Barricades. The fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of an emergency is authorized LOplace ropes, guards, barricades or othcr obstructions across any street, alley, place or private proper-tyin the vicinity of such operation so as to prevent accidents or interfercnce with the lawfill efforts of the fire department tomanage and control the situation and to handle firc apparatus. 104.11.2 Obstructing operations. No person shall obstruct the operations of the fire dcpartrnent in connection with extinguishment or control of any fire, or actions relative to other emergencies, or disobey any lawful command of the fire chicf or officer of the fire department in charge of thc emergency, or any part thereof, or any lawful order of a police officer assisting the fire department. 104.11.3 Systems and devices. No person shall render a systcm or device inoperative during an emergency unless by direction of thc fire chief or- lire department official in charge of the incident.
SECTION 105 PERMITS 105.1 General. Permits shall be in accordance with Scctions 105.1.1 through 105.7.13. 105.1.1 Permits required. Permits required by this codc shall bc obtaincd from the fire code official. Permit fees, if any, shall be paid prior to issuance of thc pcrnit. Issucdpermits shall be kcpt on the premises designated thcrein at all tinles and shall be readily availablc for inspection by the firc code official. 105.1.2 Types of permits. There shall be two types of permits as follows:
I . Operational permit. An operational permit allows the applicant to conduct an operation or a business for which apermit is required by Scction 105.6for eithcr: 1.1. A prescribed period.
ADMINISTRATION
1.2. Until renewed or revoked.
2. Construction permit. A construction permit allows the applicant to install or modify systcms and equipment for which apermit is required by Section 105.7.
105.1.3 Permits for the same location. When more than one pcrmit is required for the same location, the fire code official is authorized to consolidate such permits into a single permit provided that each provision is listed in the permit. 105.2 Application. Application for a permit required by this code shall be niadc to the fire code official in such form and detail as prescribed by the fire code official. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such plans as prescribed by the fire code official. 105.2.1 Refusal to issue permit. If the application for apermit describes a use that docs not conform to the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws and ordinances, the fire code official shall not issue a pennit, but shall return the application to the applicant with the refusal to issue such permit. Such refusal shall, when requested, be in writing and shall contain the reasons for refusal. 105.2.2 Inspection authorized. Before a new operational permit is approved, the fire code official is authorized to inspect the receptacles, vehicles. buildings. devices. premises, storage spaces or areas to be used to determine compliance with this code or any operational constraints rcqulred. 105.2.3 Timc limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work or operation shall be deemed to have bcen abandoned six months after the date of filing, unless such application has been diligently prosecuted or a permit shall have been issued; except that the fire code official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 90 days each if there is reasonable cause. 105.2.4 Action on application. The firc code official shall examine or causc to be examined applications for permits thereto within a reasonable time after filand an~endn~ents ing. If thc application or the construction documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the fire code official shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefor. If the fire code official is satisfied that the proposed work or operation confonns to the requirements of this codc and laws and ordinances applicable thereto, the firc code official shall issue a permit therefore as soon as practicable. 105.3 Conditions of a permit. A permit shall constitute permission to maintain, store or handle materials: or to conduct processes which produce conditions hazardous to life or property; or to install equipment utilized in connection with such activities; or to install or modify any fire protection system or equipment or any other construction, equipment installation or modification in accordance with the provisions of this code where apermit is required by Scction 105.6 or 105.7. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate. cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code or other applicable regulatiorls or laws of the jurisdiction.
105.3.1 Expiration. An operational permit shall remain in effect until reissued, renewed, or revoked or for such a period of time as specified in the pernit. Construction permits shall automatically become invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work authorizedby such permit is suspended or abandoned for a period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. Before such work recommences, a new p e ~ m i shall t be first obtained and the fee to recommence work, if any, shall be one-half the amount required for a new permit for such work, provided no changes have been madc or will be made in the original construction documents for such work, and provided further that such suspension or abandonment has not exceeded one year. Pelmits are not transferable and any change in occupancy, operation, tenancy or ownership shall require that a new permit be issued. 105.3.2 Extensions. A permittee holding an unexpired permit shall have the right to apply for an extension of the time within which the permittee will commence work under that permit when work is unable to be commenced within thc time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The fire code official is authorized to grant, in writing. one or more extensions of the time period of a permit for periods of not more than 90 days each. Such extensions shall be requested by the permit holder in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated. 105.3.3 Occupancy prohibited before approval. The building or structure shall not be occupied prior to the fire codc official issuing a permit that indicates that applicable provisions of this code have been met. 105.3.4 Conditional permits. Where permits are required and upon the request of a permit applicant, the fire code official is authorized to issue a conditional permit to occupy thc premises or portion thcreof before the entire work or operations on the premises is completed, provided that such portion or portions will bc occupied safely prior to f ~ ~ l l completion or installation of equipment and operations without endangering life or public welfare. Thc fire code official shall notify the permit applicant in writing of any limitations or restrictions necessary to keep the permit area safe. The holder of a conditional permit shall proceed only to the point for which approval has been given, at the permit holder's own risk and without assurance that approval for the occupancy or the utilization of the entire premises, equipment or operations will be granted. 105.3.5 Posting the permit. Issued permits shall be kept on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by the fire code official. 105.3.6 Compliance with code. The issuance or granting of a permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this codc or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction documents and other data shall not prevent the fire code official from requiring the correction of e ~ ~ oinr sthe 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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construction documents and other data. Any addition to or alteration of approved construction documents shall be approved in advance by the fire code official, as cvidenced by the issuance of a new or amended permit.
application or construction documents on which the permit or approval was basedincluding, but not limited to, any one of the following: 1. The permit is used for a location or establishment other than that for which it was issued.
105.3.7 Information on the permit. The fire code official shall issue all permits required by this code on an approved form furnished for that purpose. The permit shall contain a general description of the operation or occupancy and its location and any other information required by the fire code official. Issued permits shall bear the signature of the fire code official or other approved legal authorization.
4. There have bcen any false statements or misreprcsenta-
105.4 Construction documents. Construction documents shall bc in accordancc with this section.
tions as to the material fact in the application for permit or plans submitted or a condition of the permit.
105.4.1 Submittals. Construction documents shall be submitted in one or more sets and in such form and detail as requircd by the fire code official. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where requ~redby the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project 1s to bc constructed.
5. The permit is used by a diffcrcnt person or firm than the name for which it was issued.
105.4.2 Information on construction documents. Construction dociunents shall be drawn to scale upon suitable material, Electronic documents are allowed to be when approved by the fire code official, Construction docu~nentsshall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, IiaLure and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations as detennined by thc fire code official. 105.4.3 Applicant responsibility. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to ensurc that the construction documents include all of the fire protection requirements and the shop drawings arc complete and in cornpliancc with the applicable codes and standards. 105.4.4 Approved documents. Construction documents approved by the fire code official are approved with the n comply in all intent that such c o n ~ t ~ c t i odocuments respects with this code. Review and approval by the fire code official shall not rclicvc the applicant of the responsibility of compliance with this code. 105.4.5 Corrected documents. Where field conditions riecessitate any substantial change from the approved construction documents, the tire code official shall havc thc authority to require the corrected construction documents to be submitted rol. approval. 105.4.6 Retention of construction documents. One set of construction documents shall be retaincd by the firc code officialuntil final approval of the work covered therein. Onc set of approved construction documents shall be returned to the applicant. and said set shall be kept on the site of the building or work at all times during which the work authorized thereby is in progress. 105.5 Revocation. The fire code official is authorized to revoke a pcnnit issued under the provisions of this code when it is found by inspection or otherwise that there has becn a false statement or misrepresentation as to the material facts in the
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2. The permit is used for a condition or activity other than that listed in the permit. 3. Conditions and limitations set forth in the pcrmit have been violated.
6. The permittee fdiled, refused or neglected to comply with orders or notices duly served in accordance with the provisions of this code within the time provided therein. 7. Thc permit was issued in error or in violation of an ordinance., regulation or this code.
-
105.6 Required operational permits. The fire code official is authorized to issue operational pemlits for thc operations set in Sections 105.6. 105.6.46. 105.6.1 Aerosol products. An operational -permit is required lo manufacture, store or handle an aggregate quantity of Lcvel2 or Level 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds (227 kg) net weight. 105.6.2 Amusement buildings. An operational permit is required to operatc a special amuhernent building. 105.6.3 L4viation facilities. An operational peimit is required to use a Group H or Group S occupancy for aircraft servicing or rcpair and aircraft fuel-servicing vchicles. Additional permits required by other scctions of this code include, but are not limited to, hot work, hazardous rnaterials and flammable or combustible finishes. 105.6.4 Carnivals and fairs. An operational permit is required to conduct a carnival or fair. 105.6.5 Cellulose nitrate film. An operational permit is required to store, handle or use cellulose nitrate film in a Group A occupancy. 105.6.6 Combustible dust-producing operations. An operational permit is required to operate a grain elevator, flour starch mill, feed mill, or aplant pulverizing aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices or sugar. or other opelatiorls producing combustible dusts as defined in Chapter 2 105.6.7 Combustible fibers. An operational pertnit is requil-ecl for the storage and handling of co~nbustiblefibcrs in quantities greater than 100 cubic feet (2.8 m'). Exception: A perinit is not requircd for agricultural storage. 105.6.8 Compressed gases. An operational permit is required for the storagc, use or handling at nornlal tempera-
ADMINISTRATION
ture and pressure (NTP) of compressed gases in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8.
105.6.13 Exhibits and trade shows. An operational permit is required to operate exhibits and trade shows.
Exception: Vehicles equipped for and using compressed gas as a fucl for propellin$ the vehicle.
105.6.14 Explosives. An operational permit is required for the manufacture, storage, handling, sale or use of any cluantity of cxplosives, explosive materials, fireworks or pyrotechnic special effects within thc scope of Chapter 33.
TABLE 105.6.8 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES AMOUNT TYPE OF GAS
200
105.6.15 Fire hydrants and valves. An operational permit is required to use or operate fire hydrants or valves intended for fire suppression purposes which are installed on water systems and accessible to a fire apparatus access road that is open to or generally used by the public.
.L
L_T2!xic--For ST:
1
I
Flammable (except cryogenic flu~ds and llqnefled petloleum gases)
1
Any Amount
I cubic foot = 11.02832m'.
105.6.9 Covered mall buildings. An operational permit is required for: 1. The placement of retail fixtures and displays, concession equipment, displays of highly combustible goods and similar items in the mall. 2. The display of liquid- or. gas-fired equipment in the mall. 3. The use of open-flame or flame-producing equipment in the mall.
105.6.10 Cryogenic fluids. An operational permit is rcquircd to producc, store, transport on site, use, handle or dispense cryogenic flu~dsin excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.10. Exception: Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for and using cryogenic fluids as a fuel for propelling the vehicle or for refrigerating the lading.
.
.
-
TABLE 105.6.10 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . .. _.._
..
-
INSIDE BUILDING TYPE~"FRYOC.EN1C .
.
F!arnmable Inert
---- ~-
- -
FLU!?
-
Iga!!O!!E_
-
Physical or heallh harard L.~!indical*above
.
0 ~
Oxidizing (includes
(
1
OUTSIDE BUILDING (gallons) . .. ~ -
%?re&?n~l
.
I
)
Any Amount
~.-
~
~
Any Amount 1
Exception: A permit is not required for authorized employees of the water company that supplies the system or the fire department to use or operate fire hydrants or valves. 105.6.16 Flammable and combustible liquids. An operational pcnnit is required:
1. To use or operate a pipeline for the transportation within facilities of flammable or combustible liquids. This requirement shall not apply to thc off-site transportation in pipelines regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOTn) nor does it apply to piping systems. 2. T o store? handle or use Class 1 liquids in excess of 5 gallons (19 L) in a building or in excess of 10 gallons (37.9 L) outside of a building, except that a permit is not required for the following: 2.1. The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, aircraft. motorboat, mobile power plant or mobile hcating plant, unless such storage, in the opinion of the code official, would cause an unsafe condition. 2.2. The storage or use of paints, oils, varnishes or similar flammable mixtures when such licluids are stored for maintenance. painting or similar purposes for a period of not Inore than 30 days.
~
10
1
Exception: Storage in Group R-3 occupancies of smoleless propellant. black powder and small arms primers for personal use, not for resale and in accordance with Section 3306.
~ - -
3.785 L. For SI: I fallon :-
105.6.11 Cutting and welding. An operational permit is required to conduct cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction. 105.6.12 Dry cleaning plants. An operational permit 1s required to engage in the business of dry cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent used in existing dry cleaning equipment.
3. To store, handle or useclass 11or Class IIIA liquids in excess of 25 gallons (95 L) in a building or in cxcess of 60 gallons (227 L) outside a building, cxcept for fuel oil used in connection with oil-burning equipment. 4. To remove Class 1or Class 11 liquids from an underground storage tank used for fueling motor vehicles by any means other than the approved, stationary on-site pumps norinally used for dispensing purposes. 5. T o opcrate tank vehicles, equipment, tanks, plants. terminals, wells, fuel-dispensing stations, refineries, distilleries and similar facilities where flammablc and combustible liquids are produced, processed, transported, stored, dispensed or used. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
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6. To placc temporarily out of service (for more t h a ~90 i days) an underground, protected above-ground or above-ground flammable or combustible liquid tank.
7. To change the type of contents stored in aflammable or combustible liquid tank to a matcrial which poses a greater hazard than that for which the tank was designed and constructed. 8. To manufacture, proccss. blend or refine flammable or combustible liquids. 9. To engagc i n the dispensing of liquid fuels into the fuel tanks of motor vehiclcs at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments. 10. To utilize a site for the dispensing of liquid fuels from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vchicles at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments. 105.6.17 Floor finishing. An operational permit is rcquired for floor finishing or surfacing operations exceeding 350 square feet (33 mZ)using Class I or Class I1 liquids. 105.6.18 Fruit and crop ripening. An operational permit is required to openite a fruit-, or crop-ripening facility or conduct a fruit-ripening process using ethylene gas. 105.6.19 Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging. An operational permit is required to operate a business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging and to maintain a room, vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable fi~migant is used. 105.6.21) Hazardous materials. An operational pcrlnit is required to store, transport on site. dispense, use or handle hazardous matcrials in excess of the amounts listcd in Tahlc 105.6.20. 105.6.21 WPM facilities. An operational permit is rcquired to store. handle or use hazardous production materials. 105.6.22 High-pilcd storage. AII vperational permit is required to use a building or portion thereof as a high-piled storage arca exceeding 500 square feet (46 m?). 105.6.23 Hot work operations. An operational permit is required for hot work including, but not limited to: 1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is conducted.
2. Use of portable hot work equipment inside a structure.
Exception: Work that is conducted under a construction permit. 3. Fixed-site hot work equipment such as welding booths. 4. Hot work conductcd within a hazardous firc area.
5. Application of roof coverings with the usc of an open-flame device. 6. Whcn approved, the firc code official shall issue a permit to carry out a Hot Work Program. This program allows approved personnel to r e g l a t e their 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
--
TABLE 105.6.20 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TYPE OF MATERIAL ---
~o_mb~i&~xuid. ! Conosive matn-inls Gases Liq~~id\ Solids
Sce Section 105.6 8 55 g;dlr,ns /1000~~d>--
Flanunable materials Gdsea Liquid.: Solids
Oxidiziny rn;rteiinls ; Gases Liquids Chss 4 I Ua<s3 Class 2 Class I Solids i Clacs 4 Clas.: 3 Class 2 ! Ciass l ! Organic peroxides Liqnirls Class I Class I1 Cli~ss111 I Class lV ; Class V Sollds Class 1 1 Class 11 ; Class 111 Class 1V 1 C1Lxs.L -~ Pyrophoric materials Cases Liquids
_( S & ~ j i o n
I
-.
See Section 105.h.X 4ny Amount - - - .-AnY!'nlo"nl ._ -
--
I
~-
- --
105.6.1444_-_
Ser Section 105.0.8 S9e Sccrion 105.6.16 100 @%n&- - .
Highly toxic materials I G;~scs Liquids Solid\ -.---.-
I
- -~
.l ~ e z ~ e c l i ! ) 1 : > ! ? ~ 6 . ~ .
.
: Explusive ma.terials
1
PMOUNT
-
~-
-
_-
.
.
- ._ ..-
See Sectiim 105.6.8
I Any AIIIOIIII~ I1
I
I0 gallons 55 gallons Any Arnouni
I
10
100 ~iounds
Any ,\mount Any Amount I gallon I gallons No Permit Requircd
.
I
.
-
Toxic materials G0\es 1 Liquids
Any hn11)uni Any Amount 10 po~lnds 20 pounds & r ) ~ ~ n i l R u w k~ c ~. ~-- - -.~
, -
--
I
I
I0 gallons
Unstable irenctive) materials Liquids Class 4 Class 3 Clns ? I Cli~sa1 Sollds Class 4 1 Class 3 Class 2
:
Water-reactibe Material' Liquids Class 3 ' Class lClass I ! Solids Clas\ 3 Class 2 1 .- .- Class -
Any Amount
I0 gallons Any Ainouut Any 41nount 50 poonds
;
Any A m o ~ ~ n t
5 gnllun\ 55 gollons .Any Amount 50 ~ ~ > t ~ n d . ; -
--
-
Fur S1: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 puund = 0.454 .':k a. 20 galluns when Table 2703.1 . I ( ) ; Nute h applies and ha~m-didentification signs ill accordarlce ~vithScctioo 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 20 gxllons or less. b. 200 yum~dswheunble 2703.1.1il) Note k applies and hazat-d identiticalion r i p s in accu~dancewiih Section 2703.5 arz provided for qo;lnrilics of200 pnunils or Ica.;.
I
ADMINISTRATION
facility's hot work operations. The approved personnel shall be trained in the fire safety aspects denoted in this chapter and shall be responsible for issuing permits requiring compliance with the requirements found in Chapter 26. These perrnits shall be issued only to their employees or hot work operations under their supervision.
105.6.24 Industrial ovens. An operational permit is required for operation of industrial ovens regulated by Chaptcr 21. 105.6.25 Lumber yards and woodworking plants. An operational permit is required for the storage or processing of lumber exceeding 100,000 board feet (8.333 ft') (236 m3). 105.6.26 Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. An operational permit is required to display, operate or demonstrate liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. 105.6.27 LP-gas. An operational permit is required for: 1. Storage and use of L1'-gas
Exception: A permit is not requircd for individual containers with a 500-gallon (1893 L) water capacity or less serving occupancies in Group R-3. 2. Operation of cargo tankers that transport LP-gas.
105.6.35 Private fire hydrants. An opcrational permit is required for the removal from service, use or operation of private fire hydrants. Exception: A permit is not required for private industry with trained maintenance personnel, private fire brigade or fire departments to maintain, tcst and use private hydrants. 105.6.36 Pyrotechnic special effects material. An operational permit is required for usc and handling of pyrotechnic special effects material. 105.6.37 Pyroxylin plastics. An operational permit is required for storage or handling of more than 25 pounds (1 1 kg) of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastics and for the assembly or manufacture of articles involving pyroxylin plastics. 105.6.38 Refrigeration equipment. An operational permit is required to operate a mechanical refrigeratiori unit or system regulated by Chapter 6. 105.6.39 Repair garages and motor fuel-dispensing facilities. An operational pemiit is required for operation of repair garages and automotive, marine and flect motor fuel-dispensing facilities. 105.6.40 Rooftop heliports. An operational permit is required for the operation of a rooftop heliport.
105.6.28 Magnesium. An opel.ationa1 permit is required to melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of ~nagncsium.
105.6.41 Spraying or dipping. An operational perlilit is required to conduct a spraying or dipping operation utilizing flammable or combustible liquids or the application of combustible powders regulated by Chapter 15.
105.6.29 Miscellaneous combustible storage. An operational permit is rcquired to store in any building or upon any premises in excess of 2,500 cubic feet (7 1 m3)gross volume of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers. rubber tires, rubber, cork or similar combustible material.
105.6.42 Storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts. An operational permit is required to establish, conduct or maintain storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts that cxceeds 2,500 cubic feet (7 1 m3) of total volume of scrap tires and for indoor storage of tires and tire byproducts.
105.6.30 Open burning. An operational permit is required for the kindling or maintaining of an open fire or a fire on any public street, alley, road. or other public or private ground. Instructions and stipulations of the perinit shall be acihercd to. Exception: Recreational fires. 105.6.31 Open flames and torches. An operational permit is required to remove paint with a torch; or to usc a torch or open-flame device in a hazardous fire area. 105.6.32 Open flames and candles. An operational permit is rcquired to usc open flanles or candles in connection with assembly areas. dining arcns of restaurants or drinking establishments. 105.6.33 Organic coatings. An operational permit is rcquircd for any organic-coating manufacturing operation producing more than 1 gallon (4 L) of an organic coating in one day. 105.6.34 Places of assembly. An operational permit is required to operate a place of assembly.
105.6.43 Temporary membrane structures, tents and canopies. An operational permit is reyuircd to operate an air-supported temporary membrane structure or a tent having an area in excess of 200 square feet (19 m2), or a canopy in excess of 400 square fect (37 m2). Exceptions: 1. Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes. 2. Fabric canopies open on all sides which comply with all of thc following: 2.1. Individual canopies having a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m').
1.2. The aggregate arca of multiple canopies placed side by side without a firc break clearance of not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total. 2.3. A minimum clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm) to stmcturcs and other tents shall be provided. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
ADMINISTRATION
105.6.44 Tire-rebuilding plants. An operational permit is required for the operation and maintenance of a tire-rebuilding plant. 105.6.45 Waste handling. An operatiorla1 permit is required for the operation of wrecking yards, junk yards and waste material-handling facilities. 105.6.46 Wood products. An operational permit is required to store chips, hogged material, lumber or plywood in cxcess of 200 cubic feet (6 m3). 105.7 Required construction permits. The tire code official is authorized to issue constlvction permits for work as set forth in Sections 105.7.1 through 105.7.13. 105.7.1 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. ,4 construction permit is required for installation of or modification to an automatic fire-extinguishing system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this codc is not considered a modification and does not require a permit. 105.7.2 Battery systems. A permit is required to install stationary storage battely systems having a liquid capacity of more than 50 gallons (189 L). 105.7.3 Compressed gases. When the compressed gases in use or storage excced the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8, a construction permit is required to install, repair damage to. abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a compressed gas system. Exceptions: 1. Routine maintenance. 2. For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of comlnencement of work. The permit applicant shall apply for approval to close storage, use or handling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of conlpressed or liquefied gases. Such application shall include any change or alteration of thc facility closure plan filed pursuant to Section 2701.6.3. The 30-day period is not applicable when approved based on special circumstances requiring such waiver.
105.7.4 Fire alarm and detection systems and rclutcd equipment. A constlvction permit is required for installation of or n~odificationto fire alarm and detection systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and docs not requirc a permit. 105.7.5 Fire pumps and related equipment. A construction p c m i t is rcquired for installation of or modification to fire pumps and related fuel tanks, jockey pumps, controllers, and pencrators. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.
2. T o install, construct or alter tank vehicles, equipment, tanks. plants, terminals. wells, fuel-dispensing stations, refiueries, distilleries and slmilar facilitics where flammable and combustible liquids are produced, processed, transported, stored, dispensed or used. 3. To install, alter, removc, abandon or othcrwise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquid tank.
105.7.7 Hazardous materials. A construction permit is required to install. repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 27 when the hazardous materials in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105.6.20. Exceptions: 1. Routine maintenance. 2. For emergency repair work performed on an cmergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work. 205.7.8 Industrial ovens. A construction permit is required for installation of industrial ovens covered by Chapter 21. Exceptions:
I. Routine maintenance. 2. For repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work. 105.7.9 LP-gas. A construction pcrnlit is required for installation of or modification to an LP-gas system. 105.7.10 Private fire hydrants. A construction permit is required for the installation or modification of private fire hydrants. 105.7.11 Spraying or dipping. A co~lstructionpermit is required to install or modify a spray room, dip tank or booth. 105.7.12 Standpipe systems. A construction permit is required for the installation, modification. or removal from service of a standpipe system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not rcquirc a permit. 105.7.13 Temporary mernbranc structures, tents and canopies. A construction permit is required to erect an air-supported temporary membrane stl-ucture or a tent having anarea in excess of 200 square feet (19 m2),or a canopy in exccgs of 400 square feet (37 m2).
105.7.6 Flammable and combustible liquids. A construction permit is required:
Exceptions: 1. Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes. 2. Funeral tents and curtains or extensions attachcd thereto, when used for funeral services. 3. Fabric canopies and awnings open on all sides which comply with all of the following:
1. To repair or modify a pipeline for the transportation of flammable or co~nbustibleliquids.
3. I. Individual canopies shall have a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m?).
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3.2. Thc aggregate area of multiple catlopies placcd side by side without a fire break c l e x a ~ ~ cofe not lcss than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total. 3.3. A min~mumclcar~nceof 12 feet (3658 mm) to structures and other tcnts shall bc maintained.
SECTION 106 lNSPECTlONS 106.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to entcr and examine any building, structure, marine vessel, vehiclc or premises in accordance with Section 104.3 for the purpose of cnforcing this code. 106.2 Inspcctions. The fire code official is authorized to conduct such inspections as are deemed necessary to determine the extent of conlpliance with thc provisions of this code and to approve reports of inspection by approved agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspections shall be prcpared and submitted in writing for review and approval. Inspection reports shall be certified by a responsible officer of such approved agency or hy the responsible individual. The fire code official is authorized to engagc such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual, detailed or conlplex technical issues subjcct to the approval of thc governing body. 106.3 Concealed work. Whcnever any installation subject to inspcction prior to ~ i s cis covered or concealed without having first bcen ir~spectcd,thc fire code official shall have the authority to requirc that such work be exposed for inspection. 106.4 Approvals. Approval as the result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of thc provisic)ns o f this code or of othcr orclinances of thc jurisdiction. Inspcctions presuming to give authority to violate or cancel provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
SECTION 107 MAINTENANCE 107.1 Maintenance of safeguards. Whcncver or whcrever any dcvicc. equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protcction, or any othcr featurc is rcquired for compliance with the provisions of this codc, or otherwise installed, such device, cquipmcnt, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other fcaturc shall thereafter be continuously maintained in dccordance with this code and applicable I-cferenced standards. 107.2 'l'esting and operation. Equipment requiring pcriodic testing or opcratlon to ellsurc maintenance shall be tested or opcrated as specified in this code. 107.2.1 Test and inspection records. Recluircd test and inspcction rccords shall be available to thc firc code official at all titncs or such records as the fire code official dcsignatcs shall bc filed with the firc code official.
107.2.2 Reinspection and testing. Whcrc any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection. the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achicve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then bc resubmitted to the firc codc official for inspcction and tcsting. 107.3 Supervision. Maintenance and testing shall be under thc supervision oTa responsible person who shall cnsm-e that such niaintcnance and testing arc contlucted at specified intervals in accordance with lhis code. 107.4 Rendering equipment inoperable. Portablc or fixed fire-extinguishing systems or devices and firc-warning systems shall not be rendered inoperative or inaccessiblc cxccpt as necessary during cmergencics, maintcnance. rcpairs, alterations, drills or prescribed testing. 107.5 Ownedoccupant responsibility. Correction and abatcinent of violations of this code shall be tllc responsibility of the owner. If an occupant creates; or allows to be crcated, hazardous conditions in violation of this codc, the occupant shall be held responsible for the abatement of such hazardous conditions. 107.6 Overcrowding.Overcrowding or admittance of any per-son beyond the approved capacity of a building or a portion thercof shall not be allowed. The tire code official, upon finding any overcrowding conditions or obstn~ctionsin aisles, passageways or other means of egress, or upon finding any condition which constitutes a life safcty hazard, shall be authorized to cause the cvcnt to bc stopped until such condition or obstruction is corrected.
SECTION 108 BOARD OF APPEALS 108.1 Board of appeals established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or dctcrminations made by the firc code official relative to thc application and intc~prctation of this code. therc shall bc and is herchy crcatcd a board of appcals. The board of appcals shall be appointcd by thc govcrning body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The firc codc 0%cia1 shall bc an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before thc board. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall rendcr all decisions and findings in writing to thc appellant with a duplicate copy to the firc codc official. 108.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on aclaim that the intent of this code or thc rules legally adopted hereundcr have been incorrectly intcrprctcd. the provisions of this code do not fully apply, or an equivalent method of protcction or safcty is proposcd. The board shall have no authority to waivc recluiremcrits of this code. 108.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who arc qualified by experience and training to pass on mattcrs pertaining to hazards of fil-c,explosions, hazardous conditions or firc protection systcms and are nut cmployccs of thc jurisdiction. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
ADMINISTRATION
SECTION 109 VIOLATIONS 109.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawf~ilfor a person, firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repail; rcmove, demolish or utilize a building, occupancy, premises or system regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code. 109.2 Notice of violation. When thc firc code official finds a building, premiscs, vehicle, storage facility or outdoor area that is in violation of this codc, the fire code official is authorized to prepare a written notice of violation describing the conditions deemed unsafe and, .when compliance is not immediate, specicyir~ga time for reinspection. 109.2.1 Service. A notice of violation issued pursuant to this code shall he served upon the owner, operator, occupant, or other person responsible for the condition or violation. either by personal service, mail, or by delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person of responsibility upon the premises. For unattended or abandoned locations, a copy of such notice of violation shall be posted on the premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the notice of violation shall be mailed by certificd mail with return receipt requested or a certificate of mailing, to the last known address of the owner. occupant or both. 109.2.2 Compliance with orders and notices. A notice of violatiorl issued or served as provided by this code shall be cornplied with by the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the notice of violation pertains. 109.2.3 Prosecution ofviolations. If the noticc of violation is not complied withpromptly, the fire code official is author-i~cd to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the approp~iatclegal proceedings at law or in equity to remaln, correct or abate such biolat~on or to require removal or termination of the unla\irful occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction madc pursuant hereto. 109.2.4 Unauthorized tampering. Signs, tags or seals posted or aftixed by the fire codc official shall not bc mutilated, destroyed or tampered with or rernovecl without authorization fionl the Lire code official. 109.3 Vioiation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this codc or shall fail to conlply wit11 any of the requirerncnts thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code officiall or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a [SPECIFY OFFENSE], punishable by afine of not more than [AMOUNT] dollars or by inlprisonment not exceeding [NUMBER OF DAYS]. or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due noticc has been served shall be deemed a separate offense. 109.3.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the i~nposition of the penalties herun described, the fire code official is authorized to institu~eappropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain. correct or abate a violation; or 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
to prcvcnt illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act. conduct of busine5s or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
SECTION 110 UNSAFE BUILDINGS 110.1 General. If during the illspection of a premises, a building or structure or any building system. in whole or ill part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, the fire code official shall issue such riotice or orders to remove or remedy the conditions as shall be deemed necessary in accordance with this section and shall refer the building to the building department for any repairs, alteratio~is,remodeling, removing or demolition required. 110.1.1 Unsafe conditions. Stn~cturesor existing equip~ n e n tthat are or hereafter become unsafe or deficient because of inadequate means of egress or which constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or which involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. A vacant structure which is not secured against unauthorized entry as required by Section 31 1 shall be deemed unsafe. 110.1.2 Structural hazards. When an apparcn t structural hazard ia caused by thc faulty installation. operation or malfunction of any of the items or dcvices governed by this code, the fire code official shall ~~nmediately notify the building code official in accordance with Section 1 10.1. 110.2 Evacuation. The fire code official or the fire department official in charge of an incident shall hc authorized to order the immediate evacuation of any occupied building deemed unsafe when such building has hazardous conditio~~s that present imminent danger to building occupants. Persons so notificd shall immediately leave the structure or prenlises and shall not entel- or re-enter until authorized to do so by the fire code official or the fire department official in charge of the incident. 110.3 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed ha7ardous to life and property, the firc code official or fire department official in charge o r the inc~dentIS :iuthorized to abate summarily such hazardous condition3 that are in violation of this code, 110.4 Abatement. The owner, operator, or occupant of a building or premises deemcd unsafe by the fire codc official shall abate or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repail; rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action.
SECTION 111 STOP WORK ORDER 111.1 Orcler. Whenevcr the fire code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe mariner, the fire code official is authorizcd to issue a stop work ordcr. 111.2 Issuance. A stop work order ,hall be in wntlng and shall be glven to the owner oftlie property, or to the owncr's agent, or
to Lhc person cloing the work. IJpon issuance of a stop worlc order, the cited work shall immediately cease. 'The stop work order shall state thc reason for the order, and the corlditivns under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
111.3 Emergencies. Where an einergcncy esisis, the fire code official shall not bc required to give a written notice prior to atoppirlg the work. 111.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall contii~ueany work aftcr having been s e l ~ e dwith a stop work order. except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or ~msafccondition, shall bc liable to a fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars 01.more than [AMOUNT] dollars.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS SEC'FION 201 GENERAL 201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and tenns shall. for the purpoGes of lhis code, have the meanings shown in this chapter. 201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense include the future; words stated in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and thc plural, the singular. 201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not BLII'ICZdefined rn thls code and are defincd in the hate~-~zntiotzul in,g C o ~ l e .Iiateniufio~~al F ~ l e lGas Code, lilte~rzationnl ~V~ecizut~ic~nl Code or l ) z t ~ r ~ ~ u t i oPrl zl ~ n~l/b i ~Code, ~ g such terms shall havc the meanings ascribed to them a\ in those codes. 201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not dcfincd through thc methods authorized by this section. such terms shall havc 01-dirrarilyaccepted meanings such as the context I11tcrn(lti01~01 Dictionaq qf the implies. I%ihster.'s Third NC)MV Erzgli.sh Ltrrcg~luge,lil~ubridged,shall be considered as provicling ordinarily accepted meanings.
SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFlNlTIBNS [B] ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1. AEKOSOI,. See Section 2502.1. Level 1 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1. Level 2 aerosol products. Sec Section 2802.1. T,evel3 aerosol products. Scc Scction 2802.1. AEROSOI, CONTAINER. See Section 2802.1. AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. See Section 2802. I . AGENT. A person who shall have charge, care or control of any structure as owner, or agent of the owner. or as executor, executrix, administrator; administratrix, tnistcc or guardian of the estate of the owner. Any such pcrson rcprcsc~itingthe actual owner shall be bound to comply with the provisions of this code to the same cxtcnt as if that person was the owner. AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. See Sectio~r2402. I . AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). Scc Section 1102.1. AIRPORT. See Section 1 102.1.
I AISLE. Sce Scction 1002. [U] AISJX ACCESSWAY. See Scction 1002.1. AIJAKM NO'I'IFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1. ALARM SICrNAL. See Section 902.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE^
ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. Sce Scction 902.1. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUE. See Section 3402.1. [EB] ALTERATION. Any constn~ctionor renovation to an existing structure other than a repair or addition. [B] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. Sce Section 1002.1. AMMONIUPI.1NITRATE. Sec Section 3302.1. ANNUNCIATOR. See Scction 902. I . APPROVED. ilcccptable to the fire code official. [B] AREA OF KEFUGE. See Scction 1002.I . ARRAY. See Section 2302. I . ARRAY, CLOSED. See Section 2302.1. AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APP1,IANCE. Sce Section 902.1. AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1 AUTOMATIC FIKE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902. I. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. Sec Scct~on902.1. AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1. AVEKAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. See Scction 002.1. BARRICADE. See Section 3302.1 ArtiIicial barricade. See Scction 3302. I. Natural barricade. See Sccrion 3302.1. BA1ZRIICAI)F:D. See Section 3302.1. C BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONAKY LEAD ACID. Scc Scction 602.1. BATTERY TYPES. See Section 602.1 Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. See Scction 603.1. Nonreconibinant battery. Sce Section 602.1. Recombirlant battery. See Section 602.1. Stationary storage battery. See Section 602.1. Valve-regulated lead-acid battery. Sec Section 602. I Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. Sec Scction 602.1. BIN BOX. See Section 2102.1. BLAST AREA. See Section 3302. I. BLAST SITE. See Section 3301.1. BLASTER. See Section 3302.1. BLASTING AGENT. See Section 3302.1. LB] BLEACHEKS. See Section 1002.I . BOILING POINT. Sce Section 2702.1. UOKFIRE. See Section 302.1
DEFINITIONS
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU). The heat necessary to raise the tcrnpcr;lturc of 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water by 1 "F (0.5S6S°C). BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. See Scction 4002.1.
CONTAINER. Sec Section 2702.1. CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. See Scction 3702. I. CONTAINMENT VESSEL. See Scctioti 3702.1.
BULK PLANT OR TEIUVIINAL. See Section 3402. I.
CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. Sce Scction 1802.1.
BULK TRANSFER. See Scction 3402.1.
CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.
BUI,I,ET RESISTANT. See Section 3302. I
[B] CORRLDOR. See Section 1002.1.
CANOPY. Scc Section 2402.1.
COTTON. See Section 2902.1. Baled cotton. See Scction 3902.1.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTlNGUISHING SYSl'E&%.See Section 903.1. CARTON. A cardhoard or fi bcrboard box enclosing aproduct. CEILING LIMIT. Sce Section 2702.1. [EB] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the purpore or levcl of activity within a building that involvcs a changc in application of the requirelncnts of this code.
Baled cotton, densely packed. See Scction 2902.1 Seed cotton. See Section 2902.1 CORROSIVE. Sec Section 31 02. I . CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. See Scction 3202. I . CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.
CHEMICAL. Scc Section 2702.1.
CRYOGENIC VESSEI,. See Scction 3202.1.
CHEMICAL NAME. See Scction 2702. I . CLEAN AGEN'I: See Section 902. I. CIJOSED CONTAINER. See Section 1702.1
CYIANDIIR. See Section 2702.1.
COLD DECK. Scc Section 1902.1.
DAY BOX. See Scction 2702.1. I DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All ~natcrialsapplicd over the building interior finish for decorative: acoustical or other effect (such as curtains, draperies, fabrics, strcamei-sand surface coverings) and all other ~natcrialsutilized for decorative effect (such as batting, cloth, cotton. hay, stalks, straw, vincs, leaves, trees. moss and similar items). including foam plastics and materials containing foam plastics. Dccorativc ~natcrials do not include floor coverings, ordinary window shades, intcrior finish and matcrials 0.025 inch (0.(>4mm) or lcss in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a substrate. DEFLAGRATION. Sec Section 2702.1.
COMBUSTIBLE DUST. See Scction 1302.I .
DELUGE SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.
CONIBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Scc Section 2902.1.
DESIGN I'RESSURE. See Section 2702. I .
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUII). Sce Scction 3402. I.
DETACHED BIJILDING. See Section 2702.1.
CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or l i q ~ ~ hazardous id rnatcrial involving a closed vessel or system that remains closcd (luring nor~naloperations where vapors emitted by the product arc not libcraled outside of thc vesscl or system and the product is not csposed to the atmosphere during noi-111aloperations; and all uses o i co~npressedgases. Examples of closcd systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed through a piping system into a closcd vessel, system or piecc of ccluipinent.
Class 11. Scc Scction 3402.1. Class IIIA. Scc Section 3402.1.
DETEARING. See Scction 1502.I. DETECTOR, HEAT. Sce Scctiotl 903.1.
Class IIlS. SCCSection 3403.1.
DETONATING CORD. See Scction 3302.1.
[MI COMMEK(I1AL COOKING APPLIANCES. Scc Section 602. I .
DETONATION. Sce Section 3302.1.
COMMODITY. Sce Scction 2301.1.
DETONATOR. See Scction 3302.1. DIP TANK. See Scction 1502.1.
[B] COblMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. See Section
DISCHARGE SlTE. Sce Section 3302.1.
1003.1.
COMPRESSED GAS. Sec Scction 3001.1. COMPRESSED GAS CON'UAINER. See Section 3002.1. COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3002.1. CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. See Scction 902.1. CONSTKUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assc~nbledfor describing thc design, locat~onand physical characteristics of the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a permit. 14
DISPENSING. Scc Section 2702. I. DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYI'E. Scc Scction 2202.1. DISPLAY SITE. See Seciion 3302.1. [B] DOOR, BALANCED. Scc Section 1002. I. DRAFT CURTAIN. See Section 2302.1. DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. Scc Section 902.1. DIZY CLEANING. Sce Section 1202.I . 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
DEFINITIONS
DRY CLEANING PLANT. Sec Scction 1202.1.
Division 1.1. See Section 3302.1.
DItY CLEANING ROOM. Sce Section1 202.1.
Division 1.2. See Section 3301.1.
DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. See Section 1202.1.
Division 1.3. Sce Section 3302.1.
[B] DWELLIKG UNIT. A single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or ~norcpersons, including pcrmancnt provisions for living, sleeping, eating. cookirig and sanitation.
Division 1.4. See Section 3302.1.
EARL\' SIJPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) SPRINKLER. Scc Section 2302.1.
Division 1.5. See Section 3302.1. Division 1.6. See Section 3302. I. EXPLOSIVE MA'TEKIAL. See Section 3302.1.
[B] EGRESS COURT. See Section 1002.1.
EXTRA-IIIGH-RACK CORIBUSTIBIJESTORAGE. Sce Section 2302.1.
E1,ECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. Sce Scction 1502.1.
FABRICATION AREA. Sec Scction 1802.1.
EMERGENCY AI,AlIM SYSTEM. See Scction 902.1.
FACILITY. A building or use in a fixcd location i~iclucling cxterior storage areas for flanimable and cornbustiblc substances and 11az.ardous materials. picrs. wharves, tank fanns and similar uses. This term includes recreational vehicles, mohile home and manufactured housing parks, sales and storage lots.
EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. See Scction 1802.1. LB] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. See Section 1002.1. EMERGENCY EVACU.4TION DRILL,. Sec Section 402.1. EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE. A valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.
FAIL-SAFE. A design condition incorporati~iga feature for automatically counter-acting the effect of an anticipated possible source of failure; also, a design condition eliminating or mitigating a hazardous condition by compensating automatically for a failure or malfunction.
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VAI,VE, AUTOMATIC. A fail-safe automatic-closing valve designed to shut off thc flow of gases or liquids initiated by a control systern that is activated by automatic means.
FALLOUT AREA. Sec Section 3302.1.
EMERGENCY SNUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL. A rnanually operated v a l ~ designed e to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.
FALSE ALAKM. Thc willful and knowing initiation or transmission of a signal, message or other notification of an cvent of fire when no such danger exists.
EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Scc Scction 902.1.
FINES. See Scction 1902.1.
EXCESS FLOW' CONTROI,. See Section 2702.1. EXCESS FIA3T.1'VALVE. Scc Section 3702. I. EXHAUSTED ENC1,OSURE. See Section 2702.1. EXISTING. Bu~ldings. facilities or condition.; which are already in cx~stence.constructed or officially author~zcdprior to thc adoption of this code. [B] EXIT. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT ACCESS. Scc Section 1002.1.
[B] EXIT 1)ISCHARGE. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT ENCLOSURE. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT, NOKIZON'L'AL.See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT IDASSAGEWAY.See Section 1002.1. EXPANDED VIAASTIC.See Scction 2002.1. EXPLOSION. Sce Scction 2702.1. EXPLOSIVE. See Scction 3301.1. High ISxplosive. Sec Scction 3302.1. Low Explosive. See Section 3302.1. Mass-detonating Explosives. See Section 3302.1. UNlDOTn Class 1 Explosives. See Section 3302.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FIRE ALARM. Thc giving. signali~igor transmission to any public fire station, or company or to any officer or cmployec thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or othcrwise, of inforniatio~ito the effect that there is a fire at or ncar thc place indicatecl by the person giving, signaling, or transmitting such information. FIIaE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. Sec Scction 902.1. FIRE ALARM CONTROI, UNIT. Sec Section 902. I. FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1. PIKE ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1. FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. See Section 502.1. FIRE AREA. See Seclion 902.1. FIRE CHIEF. Thc chicf officcr of the fire depar-tment scrving the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized rcpresentativc. FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. Thc fire chicf or other designated authority charged with Lhe adnlinistration and enforccnicnt of the code, or a duly authorizcd represcntati~re. FIRE COMMAND CENTER. See Section 502.1. FIRE DEPAHTNIENT MASTER KEY. Sec Scctio~i502.1. FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. Sce Section 902.1. [B] FIRE: DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door. frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
DEFINITIONS
[I$]FIRE EXIT HARD'61'AIIE. See Section 1002.1.
FURNACE CLASS C. See Section 2 102.I .
FIRE LANE. Sce Section 502.1.
FURNACE CLASS I). See Section 2102.1.
[El FIR12 PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials designcd to restrict the spread of tire in which openings are protcctcd.
GAS CABINE't'. See Section 2702.1.
ITIRE POINT. See Section 3402.1. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1. FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Sec Section 902.1. FIRE WATCH. A temporary lneasurc intended to ensure continuous and systematic surveillance of a building or portion thercof by one or morc qualified individuals for thepurposcs of identifying and controlling firc hazards, detecting early signs of unwantcd firc, rais~ngan alarm of firc and notifying the firc department. FIREWORKS. Scc Scction 3302.1. Fireworks, 1.4G. Sce Scction 3302.1. Fireworks, 1.3G. See Scction 3302.1. FIREWORKS DISPLAY. See Section 3302.1. FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.
GAS ROOM.
Section 2702,
[B] GRANDSTAND. See Scction 1002.I. [B] GIJ.4RD. See Section 1002.1. HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING S'I'STEM. See Section 902.1.
HANDLING.
IB1
seesection 2701.1.
HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.
1-fiZARI)OU MATERIAC.
seesection 2702. [ ,
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See Section 1802.1. HEALTH HAZARD. Scc Scction 2702.1. HELIPORT. See Section 1 102.1. HELISTOP. See Scction I 102.1. HI-BOY. See Section 302.1.
FLAMMAB1,E FPNISFIES. See Scction 1502.1
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. Sec Scction 2302.1.
FLAMMAB1,E GAS. Sce Scction 3502.1.
I1IGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. Scc Section 2102.1.
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFlED GAS. See Section 3502.1
HIGHLY TOXIC. Sec Scction 3702.1.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID. Sce Scction 3302. I .
HIGIiliY VOLATILE LIQUID. A liqucficd compressed gas with a boiling point of Icss than 68°F (20°C).
Class IA. Scc Section 3402.1. Class IU. Scc Section 3402. I.
HIGHWAY. Sce Section 3302.1.
Class IC. See Scction 3402.1.
HOGGED MKL'ERMI,S. Sec Section 1902.1.
FLAMMABLE MA'rERIAI,. A ~natcrialcapable of being readily ignitcd from coiilmon sources of heat or at a temperaturc of 600°F (3 16°C) or lcss.
[MI WOOD. Scc Section 602.1.
F1,AMMAULE SOLID. See Section 3602.1.
HOT WORK AREA. See Scction 2602.1.
FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. See Section 1502.1.
HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. Scc Section 2602.1.
FIAAMMABLEVAPORS OR FUMES. Sec Section 2702.1.
NOT WORK PERMITS. See Section 2602.1.
Q p e 1. See Scction 602.1.
HOT WORK. See Section 2602.1.
FLASH POINT. See Section 3402.1.
HOT WORK PROGRAM. Sce Section 2602.1.
F L E E T VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. Scc Scction 2102.1.
HPM FI,AMMABLE LIQUID.
[B] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. See Section 1002.1.
seesection 1802.1,
HPM ROOM. See Section 1802.1.
[B] FLOOR AREA, NET. Sce Section 1002.1.
IMMEDIATELYDANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (ID1,H). Sce Section 2702.1.
FLUIDIZED BED. Sce Section 1502.1.
IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. Sce Section 902.1.
FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. Sec Section 902.1.
INCOMPAT~BLE MATERIALS. seesectiorI 2702.1.
[B] FO1,DlNG AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Sec Section 1002.I .
INHABITED BUILDING. set section 3302.1.
IWEL LIMIT SWITCH. Sce Section 3402.1. FUMIGANT. Scc Section 1702.1. FI:MIGATION. See Section 1702.1. FURNACE CLASS A. Sec Scction 2102.1. FURNACE CLASS B. See Scct~on21 02.1.
INITIATING DEVICE. See Scction 902.1. IRKHTAN'E: A chemical which is not corrosivc, hut which causes a re\rersible inflamn~atorveffcct on livincr tissuc bv chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of CPSC 16CFR Part 1500.41 for an exposure of four or more hours or by othcr appropriate techniqucs. it results in
DEFINITIONS
an empirical score of 5 or more. A chen~icalis classified as an eyc irritant if so dctemlined under the procedure l~stedin CPSC I6CFR Part 1500.42 or other approved techniques.
MECI-IANICAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section 2302.1.
KEY BOX. Sec Scction 502.1 LABELED. Equipment or material to which has been attached
[B] MERCHANDISE PAD. See Section 1002.
a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally rccognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of lal>eledequipil~entor materials, and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally rccognized standards or tests to dctern~inesuitablc usage in a spccifietl mnnncr.
MEMBRANE STRIJCTURE. See Section 2402.1 MOBILE FUELING. See Section 3402.1. MORTAR. Scc Section 3302.1. R/IUI,TIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. See Section 002.1. MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Sec Scction 902.1.
LIMITED SPIiAYlNG SPACE. See Scction 1502.1.
NESTING. See Section 3002.1.
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). See Scction 2202.1.
NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGITT (net weight). Scc Section 3302.1.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEURI GAS (LP-gas). See Section 3802.1. FAQUID. See Section 2702.1. LIQUID STORAGE: ROOM. See Section 3402.1.
I LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. Sec Scction 3402.1 LISTED. Equipment or materials included on a list published by an approved tcsting laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with current product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or matcrials, and wl~osrlisting states that equipment or materials comply with approved nationally recognizcd standards and have been tested or evaluated and found suitable for usc in a specified manner. LONGITU1)INAL FLUE SR4CE. Sec Section 2302.1. LOW-PRESSURE TANK. Sce Section 3202.1. 1,OWEIi EXPIAOSIVELIMIT (LEL). See Section 2702.1. LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). See Section 2702.1. MAGAZINE. Sec Scction 3302.1. Indoor. See Section 3302.1. Type I. See Scction 3302.1. Type 2. See Section 3302. I. Type 3. Sce Scction 3302.1. Type 4. Scc Section 3302.1. Type 5. Scc Section 3302.1. MAGNESIUM. Sec Section 3602.1. MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. See Section 902.1. MANIIAL STOCKING METHODS. Sec Section 2302.1. MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACI1,ITI'. See Section 2202.1. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Sec Scction 1702.1 . MAXIMUM ALI,OWABI,E QUANTITY PER CON'LIZOL, AREA. See Section 2702.1. [B] MEANS OF EGRESS. Scc Section 1002.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
NORMAL, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP). See Scction 2702.1.
[Bl NOSING. See Section 1002.1. NUISANCE ALARM. Sec Scction 902.1. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposcs of this code. ccrtaln occupancies are defined as Sollows: [B] Assembly Group A. Assc~nblyGroup A occupancy includes, among others, thc usc of a building or structurc, or a portion thereof, for the gathering together of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions: recrcation, food or drink consumption; or awaiting transportation. Exceptions: 1. A building used for assembly pulposes with an occupant load of less than 50persons shall bc classified as a Group B occupancy. 2. A room or space used for asscrnbly purposcs with an occupant load of lcss than 50pcrsons and acccssory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or classified as part of that occupancy. 3. A room or space used for assembly purposcs that is lcss than 750 squarc fect (70 n12) in arca and is accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or classified 21s part of that occupancy. Assembly occupancics shall i n c l ~ ~ the d e following:
A-1 Asscmbly uses. usually with fixed seating, intendcd for thc production and viewing of performing arts or motion pictures including but not li~liitcdto: Motion picture theaters Symphony and conccrt halls Televison and radio studios admitting an audience Theaters
A-2 Assembly uses intendcd for food andor drink consumption including, but not limilcd to: Banquet halls Night clubs
DEFINITIONS
Rcsta~lrants Tavcrnc and bars
A-3 Asscmbly uscs intended for worship, recreation or amuscment and other assembly uses not classified clsewhere in Group A, including. but not limited to:
I
A~nusementarcades .~alleries Art Bowling alleys Community halls coul.trooms Dance halls (not including food o r drink consumption) Exhibition halls Funeral parlors Gymnasiu~ns(without spectator seating) Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating) Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) Lecture halls Libraries Museums Places of religious worship Pool and billiard parlors Waiting areas in transportation terminals
A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limitcd to: Arenas Skating rinks Swimming pools Tennis courts
A-5 Asscmbly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to: Amusement park structures Blcachcrs Grandstands Stadiums
[Bj Business Group B. Busincss Group B occupancy includes, among othcrs, the use of a building or structurc, or a portion thereof, for oftice, professional or servicc-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. Busincss occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
I
Airport traffic control towers Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds Banks Barber and bcauty shops Car wash Civic adnlinistration Clinic-outpatient Dry cleaning and laundries; pick-up and delivery stntions and self-selvice Educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade Electronic data processing Laboratories; testing and research Motor vehicle showroon~s Post offices
Print shops Professional services (architects, attorneys, denlists. physicians. enginecrs, etc.) Radio and television stations Telephone exchanges Training and skill devclopnlent not within a school or academic program
[B] Educational Group E. Educational Group E occupancy includes. among others, thc use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof. by six or more persons at any onc timc for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums. which are accessory to places of religious worship in accordance with Section 508.3.1 of the Inten~cltiollolBuilding Code and have occupant loads of less than 100. shall be classified as Group A-3 occupancies. Day care. Thc use of a building or structurc, or portion thereof, for educational. supervision or pcrsonal care services for more than five children older thau 2'1, ycars of age shall be classified as an E occupancy.
[B] Factory Industrial Group F. Factory Industrial Group Foccupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thcreof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that arc not classified as a Group H high-hazard or Group S storage occupancy. 'actory Inalustrial F-l Moderate-hazard Occupancy. Factory Industrial uses which arc not classified as Factory Industrial Group F-2 shall hc clasified as F-1 Moderate Hazard and shall include, but not be liirlited to, the following: Aircraft Appliances Athletic equipment Autoniobiles and other motor vehicles Bakeries Beverages; over 12 percent in alcohol content Bicycles Boats Brooms or brushes Busincss machines Cameras and photo equipment Canvas and similar fabric Carpet and rugs (includes cleaning) Disinfectants Dry clcaning and dyeing Electric generation plants Electronics Engines (including rebuilding) Food processing Furniture Hemp products Jute prod~~cts Laundries Leather products Machinery Metals Millwork (sash and doors) 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
DEFINITIONS
Motion picture and televisinn filming (without spectators) Musical instruments Optical goods Paper mills or products Photographic film Plastic products Printing or publishing Recreational vehicles Refuse incineration Shoes Soaps and detergents Textiles Tobacco Trailers Upholstering Wood: distillation Woodworking (cabinet)
[ B ] Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard Occupancy. Factory industrial uses involving the fabrication or manufacturing of ~loncombustiblematerials which, during finishing, packaging or processing do not in>ol\ea significant fire hazard, shall be classified as Group 1;-2(yccupancies and shall include, but not be liniitcd to, the l'ollowing: L
Beverages; up to and including 12 percent alcohol content Brick and masonry Ceramic products Foundries Glass products Gypsum Ice Metal products (fabrication and assembly)
I
,
I
I I
Buildings and structures occupicd for the application of flammable finishes, provided that such buildings or areas conform to the requirements of Scction 416 of the Intei-i~utionulBciildirrg Code and Chapter 15 of this code. Wholesale and retail salcs and storage of fani~nableand combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies conforming to Chapter 34. Closed piping systems containing flamn~ableor combustiblc liquids or gases utilized for the (?peration of machinery or equipment. Cleaning establishments that utilize combustiblc liquid solvents having a flash point of 140°F (60°C) or higher in closed systems employing equipment listed by an approvcd testing agency, proi~idedthat this occupancy is separated from all other areas of the building by 1 -hour fire harriers constructed in accordance with Section 706 of the bltenzatiorzol Ritilrliny Code or I-hour horizontal asseniblics constructed in accordance Blcil~lirzg with Section 7 1 1 of the I~ztcr~zutioizul Code, or both. Clean~npestablishments that utilize a liquid solvent having a flash point at or abovc 200°F (93°C). Liquor stores anrl dislributors without bulk storage. Rcfrigeration systems. The storage or utilization of materials for agricultural purposes on the premises.
High-hizard Group H . High-hazard Group H occupancy includes. alllong others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thcrcof, that involves the manufacturing, processing. generation or storage of materials that const~tutea physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of quantitics allowed in control areas constructed and located as required in Section 2703.8.3. Hazardous uses are classified in Groups H-I, H-2,II-3, H-3 andH-5 and shall be in accordance with this codc and the requirements of Scction 41 5 of thc Olteriiution~rlBuilding Code.
Stationary batteries utilized for facility emergcncy power, uninterrupted power supply or telecommunication facilities, provided that the batteries are pruvided with safety venting caps and ventilation is provided in accordancc with the Iizterncztior~nlMechaizicui Co&.
Exceptions: 7'hc following shall not be classified in Group H, but shall bc classificd In the occupancy that thcy nlost nearly rewnble:
Buildings and structures occupicd for aerosol storage shall be clas~ificdas Group S- I , providcd that such buildings confonn to thc requirements of Chapter 28.
I . R~r~ldings and structures that contain not more than the maxirnum allowable quantities per control area of hazardous materials as shown in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2), provided that such buildings alc ~naintaincdin accordance with this code. I
area of hazar-dous materials as shown in l'ables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2).
2. Buildings utilizing control areas in accordance with Section 2703.8.3 that contain not morc than the maximum allowable quantities per control
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Corrosives shall not include personal or household products In their or~ginalpackaging used in rctail display or conllnonl y used bu~lding~naterials.
Display and storagc of nonflammable solid and nonflarnniable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding thc maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies complying wit11 Section 2703.8.3.5. The storage of black powder, smolzelcss propellant and small arms primers in Groups M and R-3
arid special industrial explosive devices in Groups B, F, M and S, provided such storage conforms to the quantity limits and requirements of this code.
High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detonation hazard, shall be classified as Group H- I. Such materials shall include, but not be lirnited to, the following: Explosives: Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3
Exception: Materials that are used and maintained in a form where either confinement or configuration will not elevate the hazard from a mass fire to mass explosion hazard shall be allowed in Group H-2 occupancies. Division 1.4
11:xception: Articles. including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an cxplosive under Bureau of Alcohol. Tobacco and Firearms regulations, or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or detlagration between articlcs shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupancies. Division 1.5 Division 1.6 Organic peroxides, unclassified detonablc Oxidizers, Class 4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 detonable, and Class 4 Detonable pyrophoric materials
High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detlagration hazard or a hazard fro111 accelerated burning, shall be classified as Group H-2. Such xia ate rials shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Class I. or 11 or lllA fla~nmableor combustible liqopen conuids which are used or stored in no~~mally tainers or systems, or in closed containers or systems prcssurizcd at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge Coinbustible dusts Cryogenic fluids, flalnmablc Flammable gases Organic peroxides, Class 1 Oxidizers, Class 3, that are uscd or stored in norrnaily open containers or systemsl or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gascs, nondetonable Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3, nondetonable Water-reactive materials, Class 3
High-hazard Group H-3. Buildi~igsand str~~ctures containing materials that rcadily support combustion or that
pose a physical hazard shall be classified as Group H-3. Such materials shall include. but not be limited to, thc following: Class 1, I1 or IIIA tlanlmable or co~nbustibleliquids that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less Combustible fibers? other than tlcnsely packed balcd cotton Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common) Cryogenic fluids. oxidizing Flammable solids Organic peroxides; Class I1 and JII Oxidizers, Class 2 Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per squarc inch gauge (103 kPa) or less. Oxidizing gases Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 2 Water-reactive materials7Class 3-
High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures which contain materials that are health hazards shall bc classified as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Corrosives Highly toxic materials Toxic materials
High-hazard Group EI-5. Se~niconductorfabrication facilities and comparable rcsearch and tievelopmcnt areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM) are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in excess of those listed in Tablcs 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) shall be classified as Group 13-5. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 4 15.8 of the Irztet-iintiorzal Ruilclitzg Code.
[B] Institutional Group I. institutional Group I occupancy includcs, among others. the use of a building or structure. or ' a a portion thereof. in which people, cared for or living ~n supervised environn~entand having physical limitations because of health or age, are harbored for medical treatment or other care or treatment, or in which people are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as Group 1-1,I-2, 1-3 or 1-4.
Group 1-1. 'This occupancy shall include buildings, structures or parts thereof housing more than 16 persons, s e age, rncntal disability on a 24-hour basis. who b e c a ~ ~of or other reasons, live in a supervised residential unvironlnent that provides personal carc services. The occupants are capable of responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. This group shall include, but not be limited to. the i'ollowing: Alcohol and drug centers Assisted living facilities Congregate carc facilities Convalescent facilities
DEFINITIONS
Group homes Half-way houses Residential board and care facilities Social rehabilitation facilities
A facility such as the above with five or fewer persons shall be classifiedas Group R-3 or shall comply with the 11ztetnnriannl Kpsidelzrinl Code in accordance with Section I 0 1.2 of the lritcrrlutiolzal Bclildirlg Code. A facility such as above, housing at least six and not niorc than 16 persons, shall be classified as Group R-4.
[B] Group 1-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or custodial care on ;i 24-hour basis of more than five persons who are not capable of self-preservation. This group shall il~clude.but not bc limited to. the following: Hospitals Nurs~nghomes (both intermediate care facilit~esand sl
Group 1-3. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures which are inhabited by Inore than five persons who arc under restraint or security. An 1-3 facility is occupied by persons who are generally incapable of self-preservation due to security measures not under the occupants' control. This group shall include, but not be liniited to, the following: Correctional centers De~cntioncenters Jails Prerelease centers Prisons Reformatories Buildings of Group 1-3 shall be classified as one of the occupancy conditions indicated below:
Condition 1. This occupancy condition shall incl~tdc buildings in which free movement is allowed fro111 sleeping areas and othcr spaces where access or occupancy is permitted. to the exterior via means of egress without restraint. A Condition 1 facility is permitted to be constructed as Group R. Condition 2. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free moverncnt is allowed from sleeping areas and any other occupied smokc cornpartmolt to one or nlort: other sn~ol<e compartments. Egress to the exterior is impeded by locked csits. Condition 3. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free ln~ovclncntis allowed within individual sniolte compartments, such as within a residential unit comprised of individual sleeping units and group activity spaces, where egress is impeded by 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
remote-controlled release of means of cgre\s from such s~nokecompartment to another snlokc compartment.
Condition 4. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movement is restricted from an occupied space. Remote-controlled release is provided to permit movement from slceping units, activity spaces and other occupicd areas within the smoke compartment to othcr smokc compartments. Condition 5. This occupancy condition shall include buildings in which free movcmcnt is rcstr-ictcd from an occupied space. Staff-controlled manual release is provided to permit movement from slceping units, activity spaccs and other occupied areas within the smoke compartment to other smol<ecompartments. Group 1-4, day care facilities. This group shall include buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours by indivicluals other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood m a nage, or adoption, and in a place othcr than the homc of [he person eared for. A facility such as the above with five or fewer persons shall be classified as Group R-3 or shall con]ply with the Ir~tenlatior~rrl Re.ri(jentin1Cr~dein accordance with Section 101.2 of the Irlten~atio~zal Bzrildilzg Code. Places of worship d u r i ~ ~religious g functions are not included. Adult care facility. A facility that provides accommodations for less than 24 hours for more than five unrelated adults and provides supervision and pcrsonal care services shall be classified as Group 1-3. Exception: Where the occupants are capable of responding to an emergency s~tuationwithout physical assistance from the staff the facility ?hall be classified as Group A-3. Child care facility. A facility that provides supcrvision and personal care on less than a 24-hour basis for more than five children 2'f2 years of age or less shall be classified as Group 1-3. Exccplion: A child day care facility which provides care for more than five hut no lnorc than 100 children 2'f2 years or less of age, when the rooms where such children are cared for arc located on the level of exit discharge and each of thcsc child care rooms has an exit door dircctly to the exterior, shall be classified as Group E.
[BJMercantile Group M. Merca~ltileGroup M occupancy includes, among others. buildings and structures or a portion thereof, for ~ h cdisplay and sale of mcrchandisc, and involves stocks of goods, wares or n1erch;lndicc incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. hlcrcantile occupancies shall include, but not be lir~iiteilto. the following. Department storcs Drug stores Markets Motor fuel-dispensing facilities
DEFINITIONS
Retail or wholcsalc stores Sales rooms
[B] Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes,
Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1. Buildings
arnong othcrs, thc use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof. for sleeping purposes when not classificd as an Institutional Group 1 or when not regulated by the Ir~tenzutiortul Residentic~lCork. in accordance with Section101.2 of thc 6ztei.izatinrzul B ~ ~ i l d i iCode. ~ g Residential occupancies sliall includc the following:
occupied for storage uses that arc not classiiied as Group S-2, including, but not limitcd to, storage of the following:
R-1 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units whcre thc occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: Boarding houscs (transient) Hotels (transient) Motcls (transient)
R-2, Residential occupancies containing slecping units or m ore than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including: Apartment houses Boarding houscs (not tmnsicnt) Convents Dormitories Fratcniities and sororities Hotcls (nontransicnt) Monasteries Motcls (nontransient) Vacat~ontimeshare properties
Congregate living facilitics with 16 or fewer occupants to comply with the construction requirements are for Group R-3.
K-3 Residential occupancies wlicrc thc occupants are primarily permanent in naturc and not classified as R-I? R-2, R-4 or 1, including: Buildings that do not contain more than two clwclling units Adult care facilit~esthat provide accommodations for five or fewcr persons of any age for less than 24 hours Child carc facilities that provide accommodations for five or fewcr persons of any age for less than 24 hours Congl.cgate living facilitics with I6 or fewer pcrsons. Adult and child carc facilities that are within a single-family homc me pcrmittcd to comply with the Interi~~~tioizal Rcsiclerztial Code.
R-4 Residc~itialoccupancies shall includc buildings arranged for occupancy as residential carelassisted living facilitics including more than five but not more than 16 occupants, excluding staff. Group R-4 occupancies shall ~ n c e tthe requirements for construction as defined in thc Inter-natiollulBz~ililirtg Colic for Group R-3, except as otherwise provided for in that code, or shall comply w ~ t hthe Irzterrtntiorzul Resirtcnticrl Code. [S] Storage Group S. Storage Group S occupancy includes, among others. the use of a building or structure, or 22
a portion thereof, for storage tlial is not classificd as a hazardous occupancy.
Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3 Ail-craft repair hangar Bags; cloth, burlap and papcr Bamboos and rattan Baskets Belting: canvas and leather Books and paper in rolls or packs Boots and shoes Buttons, incl~ldingcloth covered, pcarl or bone Cardboard and cardboard boxes Clothing, woolen wearing apparel Cordagc Dry boat storage (indoor) Furniture Furs Glucs, mucilage, pastes and size Grains Horns and combs, other than celluloid Leathcr Linolcum Lumber Motor vehicle repair garages (complying with the Oitew?utiorinl Builclirzg Code and containing less than the maximurn allowable quantities of hazardous materials) Photo engravings Resilient flooring Silks Soaps Sugar Tires, bulk storage of Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and snuff Upholstery and mattresses Wax cnndllcs
Low-hazard storage, Group S-2. Includes. arnong others. buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials such as products on wood pallets or in papcr cartons with or without single thiclincss divisions; or in paper wrappings. Such products may have a ncgligihlc amount of plastic trim such as knobs, llandles, or film wrapping. Storage uses shall i~iclude,but not bc limited to, storage of the following: Aircraft hangar Asbestos Beverages up to and including1 '-percent alcohol in mctal, glass or ceramic containers Cement in bags Chalk and crayons Dairy products in nonwaxcd coated paper colitaincrs Dry cell batteries Electrical coils Electrical motors Empty cans 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
DEFINITIONS
Food products Foods in noncombustible containers Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers Frozen foods Glass Glass bottles, empty or filled with noticombustible liquids Gypsum board Incr-t pigments lvory Metal desks with plastic tops and trim Mctal parts Metals Mirrors Oil-filled and other typcs of distribution transformers Parking garages (open or enclosed) Pol-cclain and pottery Stoves 'Talc and soapstones Washers and dryers
[B] Miscellaneous Group U. Buildings and structures of an accessory character and iniscellaneous structures not classified in any spccific occupancy shall be constructed, cquippcd and maintained to confom~to the requirements of this code comlne~lsuratewith the fire and life hazard incidental to their occupancy. Group U shall includc, but not bc limited to. the following: Agricultural buildings Aircraft hangar, accessory to a onc- or two-fanlily residence (see Section 412.3 of the I~itei-rzatio~znl R u i l r l i ~ l gCod(.)
Barns Carports Fences more than 6 fect (1829 min) high Grain silos, accessoly to a residential occupancy Greenhouses Livestc~cl< shelters Private garages Retaining walls Sheds Stables Tanks Towers
ORGANIC COATING. See Section2002.1. ORGANIC PEROXIDE. See Section 3902.1 Class I. Sec Section 3902.1. Class 11. Sce Section 3902.1. Class 111. See Section 3903.1. Class IV. See Scction 3902.1. Class V. See Sect~on3902.1. Unclassified detunable. See Section 3902.1 OUTDOOR CON'FROI, AREA. See Section 2702.1. OVERCROWDING. A condition that exists whcn cither there are more peoplc in a building, stmcturc or portion thereof than have been nrithorized or posted by the fire code official, or when the tire code official detcrlnincs that a threat exists to the safety of the occupants due to persons sitting and/or standing in locations that may obstruct. or impede thc use of aisles. passages, corridors, stairways, exits or other components of thc means of egress. OM7NER.A corporation, firm?partnership, association, organization and any other group acting as a unit. or a pcrson who has lcgal title to any struclurc or prclniscs with or without accompanying actual possession thercof, and shall includc the duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, dcvisce, liduciary and any person having a vested or contingent intcrcst in the premises in question. OXIDIZER. Sec Section 4002.1. Class 4. See Section 4002. I. Claqs 3. See Section 4002.1. Class 2. See Section 4002. I . Class 1. See Scct~on4002.1. OXIDIZING GAS. See Scction 4003.1 OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. See Scction 3702.1. [B] PANIC HARDWARE. Sec Section 1002.1. PASS-THROUGH. See Section 1802.1 PEItMISSIBI,E EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). Scc Scction 2702.1. PESTICIDE. See Scction 2702.1. PHYSICAL HAZARD. Sce Section 2702. I
[I)]OCCUPANT LOAD. See Scction 1002.1.
PHYSIOI,OGICAI, WARNING TIIKISSHOLD. Scc Scction 3702. I .
OPEN BURNING. See Scction 302.1
PL,OSOBHORIC MATERIAL. See Section 3302.1.
OPEN SYS'I'EM. The use of a solid or liquid hazardous material iilvolving avcsscl or system that iscontinuously opcn to thc atmosphere d~lringnormal operations and where vapors are lihcrated, or the procluct is exposed to the atmosphere during norlnal operations. Exan~plesof open systems for solids and liquids include dispensing from or into open beakers or containcrs, dip tniik and plating tank operations.
PLYWOOD and VEKEER MIL1,S. Sce Scction 1903.I.
OPEKA'l?ING BUILDING. See Section 3302.1.
1 OPEKA'FING LINE. See Section 3302.1 OPERATING PRESSUIZE. Tllc pressure at which a system opcrateh. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FiRE CODE@
PO\V'ERED INL)USTRIAI, TRUCK. Sce Section 302.1.
PRESSURE VESSEL. See Section 2702.1. PRIMARY CONTAINMEN'K The first levcl of contain~ncnt,consisti~~g of thc inside portion of that containcr which comes illto immediate contact on its inner surface with tllc niaterial being contained. PROCESS TRANSFER. Sec Section 3402. I . PROPELL,AN'L: See Section 2802.1. PROXIMATE AUDIENCE. Sce Scction 3302.1
DEFINITIONS
I PUBLIC TRAFFIC ROUTE (PTR). See Section 3302.1 [B] PUBLIC WAY. See Section 1002.1. PYKOPHORIC. Sec Section 4102.1. PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. See Section 3302.1. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT. See Section 3302.1. PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. See Scction 3302.1. QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-I)). See Section 3302.1. Minimum Separation Distance (I),,). See Section 3302.1. Intraline Distance (ILD) or Intraplant Distance (IPD). See Sect~on3302.1. Inhabited Building Distance (IBD). See Section 3302.1, l~ltermagazineDistance (IMD). See Section 3302.1.
I
carded refrigerators, and heating. cooking or incinerator-type appliances.
SAFETY CAN. See Section 2702.1. [B] SCISSOR STAIR. See Section 1002.1. SECONDARY CON'I'AINMEN'I: See Section 2702.1. SEGREGATED. See Section 2702.1. SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1. SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILIr~Y.See Section 1802.1. SERVICE CORRIDOR. See Section 1802.1. SHELF STORAGE. See Scction 2302.1. SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1.
RAILWAY. See Section 3302.1.
[B] SLEEPING UNIT. See Section 902.1.
[B] KAMP. See Section 1002.1. RAW PRODUCT. Scc Section 1902.1 READY BOX. See Scction 3302.1. RECORD DRAWINGS. See Section 902.1 RECKEATIONAL FIKE. See Section 302.1. REDIJCED FLOW VALVE. See Section 3702.1.
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. See Section 3302.1.
REFINERY. Sec Section 3402.1
SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. See Section 3302.1.
REFKIGEKANT. Sec Scction 602. I .
SOLID. See Scction 2702.1.
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. See Section 602.1.
SOLID SHEWING. See Section 2302. I.
[B] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An architcct or engineer, rcgistcred or Iicenscd to practice professional architcclure or engineering, as defined by the statutory requiren ~ c ~ ioft sthe professional registration laws of the state in which thc project is to be constructed.
SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. See Scction 3402.1.
[B] RELIGIOUS WORSHIP, PLACE OF. A building or portion thereof intended for the performance of religious services. KEMOTE ENIERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. See Section 3402.1. REMOTELY I,OCATED, MANUALLY ACTIVATED SHUTDOWN CONTKOL. A control system that is designed to initiate shutdown of the flow of gases or liquids that is nianually activated from a point located some distancc from the delivery systcin.
REMO'l'E SOLVENT RESERVOIR. See Section 3402.1.
SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. See Section 3302.1. SMOKE ALARM. See Section 902.1. SMOKE DETECTOR. See Section 902.1. [B] SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Scc Section 1002.1.
SOLVENT OR LIQUID C1,ASSIFICATIONS. See Scction 1202.1. Class 1 solvents. See Section 1202.1. Class I1 solvents. See Section 1202.1. Class IIIA solvents. See Section 1202.1. Class IIIB solvents. See Section 1202.1. Class IV solvents. Sce Scction 1202.1. SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUI1,DING. A huilding that is tcrnporaly, permanent or mobile that contains a dcvicc or system that conveys passengers or provides a walkway along. around or over a course in any direction as a form of amusement arranged so that the egress path is not readily apparent due to visual or audio distractions or an intentionally confounded egress path, or is not readily available because of the rilode of conveyance through the building or structure.
RESIN APPLICATION AREA. See Section 1502.1.
SPICCIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. See Section 3302. I. SPRAY BOOTH. See Section 1501.1.
RESPONSIBLE PERSON. See Section 2602.1.
SPRAY ROOM. See Section 1501.1.
RETAII, DISPLAY AREA. See Section 2802.1.
SPRAYING SPACE. See Section 1502.I
R O I L COATING. See Section 1507.1.
LB] STAIR. See Section 1002.1.
KUBBISH (TRASH). Combustible and noncombustible waste materials, including residue from the burning of coal. wood. coke or other co~nbustrblematerial, vawer, - . rags. - cartons, tin cans, mctals, mineral matter. glass crockery, dust and dis-
[B] STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR. See Scction 1002.1. [B] STAIRWAY, INTEKIOR. See Section 1002.1.
REPAIR GARAGE. Scc Section 7-202.1.
24
[B] STAIRWAY. Set section 1002.1.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
DEFINITIONS
[B] STAIIIWAY, SPIRAL. See Section 1002. I . STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. See Section 902.1. Class I system. See Scction 902.1. Class I1 system. See Section 902.1. Class I11 system. See Section 902.1. STANDI'IPE, TYPES OR See Section 902.1. Alltonlatic dry. See Scction 902.1. Automatic wet. See Section 902.1. Manual dry. See Section 902.1. Manual wet. Sce Section 902.1. Semiautolilatic dry. See Section 902. I.
Class 4. See Section 4302.1. Class 3. See Section 4302.1. Class 2. See Section 4302. I . Class 1. See Section 4302.1. UNWAN'I'EU FIRE. A fire not used for cooking, heating or recreational purposes or one not incidental to the nor~nalopcrations of the property. USE (IMATERIAL).See Section 2702.1.
VAPOR PRESSURE. See Section 2702.1. VISIR12E ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. Sec Section 902.1.
WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL. See Section 4402.1. Class 3. See Section 4402.1. STEZEL,. Hot- or cold-rolled as defined by the hltet-~tntio~zal Class 2. See Section 4402.1. Buildiizg Code. Class 1. See Section 4402.1. STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIA1,S. See Section WET-CHERIICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. See Scc2702.1. tion 902.1. SUPERVISING STATION. See Seciion 902.1. [B] WINDER. See Section 1002.1. StJPERVISORY SICRVICE. See Section 902.1. W'IRELESS PRO'TECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1. SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. See Section 902.1. WOKKSTATION. See Scction 1802.1. SIJPEKVISOItY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. See ZONE. Sce Se~tiori902.1. Section 902. I . S'I'A'TIC PILES. See Sectionl902.1.
SYSTEM. Scc Scction 2702.1. TANK. A vessel containing more than 60 gallons (227 I,). TANK, ATMOSPHERIC. See Section 2702.1. TANK, PORTABLE. See Section 2702.1. TANK, PRIMARY. See Section 3402. I. TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE GROUND. See Section 3402.1. TANK, STATIONAItYeSee Section 2702. I. TANK VEHICLE. See Section 2702.1. TENT. See Section 1402.1. THEFT RESISTANT. See Section 3302.1. THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. See Section 1702.1. TIMBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES. See Sectio~l1002.1. TIRES. BULK STORAGE OF. See Section 902.1. T001,. See Srction 1802.1. TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM. See Section 2602.1. TOXIC. Sce Section 3702.1. TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE. See Section 2302.1. TIZASH. See "Rubbish." TIZOUBLE: SIGNAL. See Section 902.1. UNAU7rHORI%EDDISCIIAMGE. See Section 2702.1. UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL. See Scction 4302.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
4-
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
CHAPTER 3
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE SECTION 301 GENERAL
303.2 Location. Asphalt (tar) kettles shrtll not be located
105.6 for thc activities ol- uses regulatcd by Sectiolis 306,307.
within 20 feet (6096 mni) of ally combustible material, combustible building surface or-any building opening and within a controlled area identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers or other approved means. Asphalt (tar) kcttlcs and pots shall not be utilized inside or on thc roof of a building or structure. Roofing lcttles and operating asphalt (tar) kcttlcs shall not block means of egress, gates, roadways or entranccs.
308.3. 308.4, 308.5 and 315.
303.3 Location of fuel containers. Fuel containers shall be
301.1 Scope. The provis~onsot t h ~ schapter shall govern the occupancy and maintenance of all structures and prerniscs for precantions against tire and the spread of fire.
301.2 Permits. Pcrnmits shall be required as set forth in Section
Iocatcd at least 10 fcet (3048 mm) from the burner.
SECTION 302 DEFINITIONS 302.1 Detinitions. l'he following words and terms shall, for the
Exception: Containers properly insulated froni heat or flame arc allowed to be within 2 feet (6 10 n ~ mof ) the burner. 303.4 Attendant. An operating kettle shall be attended by a
HI-BOY. '4 car1 used to transport hot roofing materials on a
minimum of onc c~iiployeeknowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The employee shall be within 100 fcet (70 480 mm) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight. Ladders or similar obstacles shall not fonn a part of the route between the attcndant and the kettle.
roof.
303.5 F'ire extinguishers. There sh>illbe a portable fire extin-
OPEN BURNING. The burning of ~natcrialswherein prod-
guisher coinplyilig with Section 906 and with a minimum 40-B:C rating within 25 fcet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period buch kettle is being utilized. Additionally. the]-cshall be one portable fire extinguisher with a lninirnurn 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof bcing covered.
purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown herein.
BONFIRE. An outdoor fire utilized for cerenio~~ial purposes.
ucts of conibustion are emitted directly into the ambient air without passing th~ougha stack or chimney from an enclosed chamber. Open burning does not include road flares, smuclgepots arid siliiilardcvices associated with safety or occupational uses typically considered open flames or recrcational tires. For the purpose of this definition. a chamber shall be regarded as enclosed when. during the timecombustion occurs. only apertures. ducts, stacks. flues or chimneys necessary to provide combustion air and pcrmit the escape of exhailst gas are open.
POWERED PNDUSTKIAL TRUCK. A forklift, tractor. platform lift truck or motorized halid truck powered by an clectrical motor or internal conibustion engine. Powered industrial trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for highway use.
RECKEATlONAL FIRE. An outdoor fire burning materials other than rubbish where the fuel bcing burned is not contained in an incincrntor, outdoor rircplacc. h;lrbcquc grill or harl~equc pit and has a total fuel area of 3 feet (914 mni) or less in dinmeter and 2 feet (6 10 nim) or less in height for pleasure, religious, ccrcmonial, cooking, warnith or similar put-posas.
SECTION 303 ASPHALT KETTLES 303.1 'li-ansporting. Asphalt (tar) kettle5 shall not be transported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the ketlle is operating.
Esception: A\phalt (tar) Itcttlcs in the process of patching road surface\.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be ccluippetl with tight-fitting lids.
303.7 H i - b o y s . H i - b o y s s h a l l b c c o n s t r u c t e d of noncomhnstible materials. H i boys shall bclimitedto a cllpacity of 55 gallons (205 L). Fuel sourccs or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.
303.8 Woofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall b e constructed of noncombustible lnaterials.
303.0 Fuel containers under air pl-essl~re.Firel containers that operate under air prcssure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved.
SECTION 304 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL 304.1 Waste acc~lmulationprohibited. Cornbustiblc waste e shall not be allowed to accuniumaterial creatlng a f ~ r hazard late in buildings or StrLtctures or upon prcmiscs.
304.1.1 Waste material. Accuriiulations of wastcpapcr, wood; hay. straw, weeds. littcr or conibustible or flamrn;tl)lc waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain on a roof or in any court. yard. vacant lot, alley, parking lot. open space, or bencath a grandstand, bleacher, pier, wharf. vehicle or other similar manufactured honic. recrccatio~~al stnicture.
I
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE
304.1.2 Vegetation. Wecds, grass, vincs or othcr growth that is caipahle of being ignited and endangering property. shall be cut down and rcnlovcd by the owner or occupant of thc premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in urban-wildland interface arcas shall be in accordance with the hzten~ntiotzalWilrllatlcl-Ut-banItztetfare Code.
tible material including co~nbustiblewalls and partitions or within 2 fcet (610 rnm) of openings to buildings.
Exception: The nlininlum required separation distance to ) other combustible materials shall be 2 fect (610 ~ n m whcrc the material is depositcd in a covcrcd, noncombustible receptacle placed on a noncombustible floor, ground surface or stand.
304.1.3 Space underneath seats. Spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall be kept free from cornbustible and flammable materials. Except whereenclosed in not less than I-hour fire-resistance-rated construction in accordance with thc International Building Code, spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall not be occupied or utiliz,ed for purposes other than means of egress.
305.3 Open-flame warning devices. Open-flamc warning devices shall not he uscd along an excavation. road, or any placc whcre the dislodgment of such dcvice might permit thc dcvice to roll, fall or slide on to any area or land containing conlbustible material.
304.2 Storage. Storage of combustible rubbish shall not product conditions that will create a nuisance or a hazard to the public health. safety or welfare.
305.4 Deliberate or negligent burning. Jt shall be unlawful to deliberately or through negligence set fire to or causc the burlling of combustible material in such a manner as to endanger thc safety of persons or property.
304.3 Containers. Co1nbustiblc rubbish, and waste material kept within a structure shall be stored in accordancc with Sections 304.3.1 through 304.3.3. 304.3.1 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container. Contents of such containers shall bc removed and disposed of dai1.y. 304.3.2 Capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet. Containers with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15 m') shall bc providcd with lids. Containers and lid:, shall be constri~ctedof noncoinbustihle materials or approved combustible niaterials. 304.3.3 Capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic yards. Dumpsters and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards 140.5 cubic fcet ( I . 15 m3)] or morc shall not be storcd in buildings or placcd within 5 fcct (1524 mm) of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eavc lincs. Exceptions: 1. Dumpsters or containers in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.
2. Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited where thc structure is of Type I or UA con:,tr.uction, located not less than 10 feet (3048 m ~ nfrom ) othcr buildings and used exclusively for dun~psteror container storage.
SECTlON 305 lGNlTlON SOURCES 305.1 Clearance froin ignition sources. Clearance bctween
I ignition sourccs. such as luminaires, hcatcrs, flame-producing devices and combustible matcrids. shall hc maintained in an approved manner.
305.2 Hot ashes and spontaneous ignition sources. Hot ashcs, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials subject to spontancous ignition shall not be dcpositcd in acornbustible reccptaclc, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combus-
SECTION 306 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS AND FILM 306.1 Motion picture projection rooms. Electr~carc, xenon or othcr light source projection equipment which dei~clopshazardous gases, d u ~ tor radiation and the projection of ribbon-type cellulose nitrate fil~n,regardless of the light source used in projection, shall be operated within a lnotion picturc projection room complying with Section 409 of the Itrtei-lwtional Building Code. 306.2 Cellulose nitrate fihn storage. Storagc of cellulose nitratc film shall be in accordancc with NFPA 40.
SECTION 307 OPEN BURNING AND RECREATIONAL FIRES 307.1 General. A person shall not kindle or maintain or authorize to be kindlcd or maintained any open burning unless conducted and approved in accordance with this section. 307.1.1 Prohibited open burning. Open burning that is offensive or objcctionablc becausc of smoke or odor ernissions or when atmospheric conditions or local circumstances makc S L I C ~ fires I hazardous shall be prohibited. 307.2 Permit required. A permit shall be obtaincd from thc firc code official in accordance with Scctiori 105.6 prior to kindling a fire for recognized silvicultural or range or wildlife management practices, prevention or control of diseasc or pests, or a bonfire. Application for such approval shall only be presented by and permits issued to the owncr of thc land upon which the fire is to be kindled. 307.2.1 Authorization. Where rcquircd by statc or local law or regulations, open burning ?hall only be pcnnittcd with prior approval fiom the state or local air and water quality management authority, provided that all conditions specified in the authorization are followed. 307.3 Extinguishment authority. Thc ilre code official is authorized to order thc extinguishment by thc permit holder, another person responsible or thc fire dcpartnient of opcu burn2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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ing that creates or adds to a hazardous or ob.jectionable situation.
307.4 Location. The locarion for open burning shall not be less than 50 feet (1 5 240 mm) tiom any structure, and provisions shall be made to prevent the fire from spreading to within 50 feet ( I 5 340 mm) of any structure.
Exceptions:
I . Fires in approved contail~ersthat are not less than 15 fcct (4572 mm) from a structure. 2. 'The m i n ~ ~ n urequired m distance from a structure shall bc 25 fect (7620 mm) where the pile size is 3 fect (914 mm) or lcss in diameter and 2 fcet(610 mm) orlcss in height.
307.4.1 Bonfires. A bontlrc shall not be conducted within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a stmctul-e or combustible material unlcss thc fire is contained in a barbecue pit. Conditions which could cause a tire to spread within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure shall be elin~inatcdprior to ig~~ition. 307.4.2 Recreational tires. Recreational fires shall not be conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure or combustible ~naterial.Conditions which could cause a fire to spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition. 307.5 Attendance. Open burning, bonfires or recreational fires shall be constarltly attended until the fire is extirlguishcd. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher con~plyingwith Section 906 with a minimum 4-A rating or other approved on-site fire-extinguishing equipment, such as dirt, sand, water barrel. garden hose or water truck, shall be available for immediate ~~tilization.
Exceptions:
1. One- and two-family dwellings. 2. Where buildings, balconies and decks are protccted by an automatic sprinkler systcm.
308.3.1.1 Liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled cooking devices. LP-gas burners having an LP-gas container u ith a water capacity greater than 2.5 pounds [nominal 1 pound (0.354 kg) LP-gas capac~tylshall not be located on combustible balconies or within 1 0 feet (3043 mm) of comb~~slible construction. Exception: One- and two-family dwellings. 308.3.2 Open-flame decorative devices. Open-flame decorative cleviccs shall comply with all of the following restrictions: 1. Class I and Class XI liquids and LP-gas shall not bc used. 2. L,iquid- or solid-fueled lighting devices containing c l self-extinmore than 8 ounces (237 ml) of f ~ ~must guish and not leak fuel at a rate of morc than 0.7-5 tcaspoon per minute (I .26 ml per minutc) if tipped over.
3. The dekice or holder ?hall be constructed to prevent the sp~llageof liquid fucl or wax at the rate of morc than 0.25 teaspoon pcr minute ( I .26 ml per minute) whcn the device or holder is not in an upright po+ tion.
4. Thc device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to the upright position after being tiltcd to an angle of 45 degrees from vertical.
SECTION 308 OPEN FLAMES 308.1 General. This section shall control open flames, fire and burning on all premises. 308.2 Where prohibited. A person shall nor take or utilize ;In open flarnc or light in a structure. vessel, boat or other place whcre highly flammable, co~nbustihleor explosive material is utilized or storcd. Lighting appliances shall be well-secured in aglass globc and wire mesh cagc or asimilar approved device. 308.2.1 Throwing or placing sources of ignition. No person shall throw or place, or cause to be thrown or placed. a lighted ~natch,cigar, cigarette, matches, or othcr flaming or glowing substance or object on ally surface or article wherc it can cnuse an unwanted f i c . 308.3 Open flame. A person shall not utilize or allow to be utilized, an open flame in connection with a public mceting- or gathering for purposes of deliberation, worship, entefiainment, amusement, instruction. cducation. recreation. awaiting transportation 01-similar purpose In Group A or E occupancies without first obta~nlnga pcrmit in accordancc with Section 105.6.
-
308.3.1 Opm-flame cooking devices. Charcoal burncrs and othcr open-flame cooking dcvices shall not be operated
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on combustible balconies or within 10 fect (3048 mm) of combustible construction.
Exception: Devices that sclf-cxtingu~shif lipped ovcr and do not spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 0.25 tcaapoon per nlinute (1.26 ml per minute) if tipped ovcr. 5 . The flame shall be enclosed except whcre openings on the side are not more than 0.375 inch (9.5 min) diameter or wherc openings are on the top and the distance to the top is S L I Cthat ~ a piece of tissue paper placed on the top will not ignite in I O seconds.
6. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely attached to the open-flame dcv~ce.
Exception: A chimncy is not required to bc attached to any open-flame device that will sclf-extinguish if thc d e v ~ c eis tipped ovcr.
7. Fuel canisters shall bc safely sealcd fc~rstorage.
8. Storage and handling of coinbustible liquidh shall be in accordance with Chapter 34. 9. S h a d e ? , w h e r e u s c d , s h a l l b e m a d e of noncombustible materials and securcly att,ichcd to the open-flame device holder or chimney.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE
10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be
securely fastened in place to prevent overturning, and shall be located away from occupants using the area and away from possible contact with drapes, curtains or othcr combustibles.
308.3.3 1,ocationnear combustibles. Open flames such as fronl candles, lanterns, kerosene hcaters, and gas-fired heatcrs shall not be localed on or near decorative material or similar combustible materials. 308.3.4 Aisles and exits. Candles shall be prohibited in area5 wherc occupants stand, or in an aisle or cxit. 308.3.5 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the firc code official, adequate safeguards have been taken: participants in religious ceremonies arc allowed to cany hand-held candles. Hand-held candlcs shall not be passed from one person to another while lighted. 308.3.6 Theatrical performances. Wherc approved, open-flame deviccs used in cor~junctionwith theatrical pcrformances arc allowed to be used when adequate safety precautions have been taken in accordance with NFPA 160. 308.3.7 Group A occupancies. Open-flame devices shall not bc iiscd in a Group A occupancy. Exceptions: 1. Open-flame dcvices are allowed to be used in the following situations. providcd approved precautions are taken to prevcnt ignition of a coinbustible ~natcrialor injury to occupants:
1.1. Wherc neccssary for ccrenionial or religious purposes in accordance with Scction 308.3.5. 1.2. On stages and platforms as anceessary part of a perfonnancc in accordance with Section 308.3.6. 1.3. Wherc candlcs on tables are securcly supported on substantial noncombustible bases and the eandlc flames are protectcd.
2. Hcat-producing equipment complying with Chapter (7 and the hlien~ationnlMeclzcu~ictrlCode. 3. Gas lights arc allowed to be used provided adequate precautions satisfactory to the fire code official are takcn to prevcnt ignition of combustible ~~~atcrials.
308.3.8 Group K-2 dormitories. Candles. incense and itenls shall not be allowcd in similar open-flatne-produci~~g sleeping units in Group R-2 dormitory occupancies. 308.4 Torches for removingpaint. Persons utilizing a torch or other flame-producing device for-rcmoving paint from a structure shall provide a ininitnu111of o ~ l portable e fire extinguisher complying with Scction 906 and with a minimum 4-A rating, two poi-tablc firc extinguishers, cach with a minimum 2-A rating, or a water hosc connected to the water supply on the prcniiscs where such burning is done. The person doing l11c burning shall remain on the preiniscs 1 hour after thc torch or flarnc-producing device is utilized. 30
308.4.1 Permit. A pcrmit in accordance with Section 105.6 shall be seciued from the fire code official prior to the utllization of a torch or flame-producing device to removc paint from a structure. 308.5 Open-flame devices. Torches and othcr dc\ices, machines or processes liable to start or cause firc shall not bc operated or used in or upon hazardous fire areas, cxcept by a permit in accordancc with Section 105.6 securcd fro111the fire code official. Exception: Use within inhabited prcmises or clcsignated campsites which are a minimurn of 30 fcet (9 144 mm) fi-on1 grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered areas. 308.5.1 Signals and markers. Flame-employing deviccs, such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, shall not be operatcd or used as a signal or marker in or upon hazardoux fire areas. Exception: The proper use of fusees at thc sccnes of emergencies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures. 308.5.2 Portable fueled open-flame devices. Portable open-flame dcvices fueled by fla~nmablcor con~bustible gases or liquids shall be enclosed or installed in such a manner as to prevcnt the flame from contacting combustible material. Exceptions: 1 . LP-gas-fueled devices used for swcaiing pipc joints orrenioving paint in accordance with Chapter 38. 2. Chlling and wclding operations in accordance with Chaptcr 26. 3. Torches or flamc-producing devices in accordance with Scction 308.4. 4. Candles and open-flame decorative dcviccs in accordance with Scction 308.3. 308.6 Flaming food and beverage preparation. Thc preparati011 of flaming foods or beverages in l~laccsof assenlbly and drinking or dining establishments shall be in accordance with Sections 308.6.1 through 108.6.5. 308.6.1 Dispensing. Flammable or co~nbustiblc liquids used in the preparation of flanling foods or bevcrages shall bc dispensed from one of the following: 1 . A 1-ounce (29.6 tnl) container; or 2. A container not cxcceding I -quart (946.5 rill) capacity with a controlled pouring device that will limit thc flow to a I-ounce (29.6 ml) serving. 308.6.2 Containers not in use. Containers shall be securcd to prevent spillage whcn not in use. 308.6.3 Serving of flaming food. The scrving of flaming foods or bevcrages shall be done in a safe manncr and shall not create high flames. The pouring, ladling or spooning of liquids is restricted to a maximuin height of 8 inchcs (203 mm) above the receiving receptaclc. 308.6.4 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall bc prepared only in the immediate \ icinity of thc table being scr2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE
viccd. They shall not be transported or carried while hurning.
308.6.5 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately available for usc in smothering thc flames in the event of :in cmcrgcncy.
SECTlON 309 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AND EQUlPMENT 309.1 General. Powered industrial trucks and similar cqu~pnicnl including. but not li~nitedto, floor scrubberr and floor buffers, shall be operated and maintained in accordance w ~ t h this scction. 309.2 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum of 3 feet (915 mm) from battcry chargers. Battery charging shall not be conducted in areas accessible to the puhlic.
310.4 Removal of signs prohibited. A posted "No Srnolting" sign shall not be obscured, removed. dcfaccd, ~nutilatcdor destroyed. 310.5 Compliance with "No Smoking" signs. Smoking shall not be permittcd nor shall aperson smoke. throw or deposit any lightcd or smoldering substance in any place where"No Smoking" signs are posted. 310.6 Ash trays. Where s~uokingis pcrnmitted, suitable noncombustible ash trays or match rcccivcrs sh:~llbe providccl on each table and at other appropriate locations. 310.7 Burning objects. Lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars or other hurning object shall not be discarded in such a manner that could cause ignition of other combustible material. 310.8 Ilazardous environmental conditions. When the fire codc official deter-rr~inesthat hazardous environmental conditions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, the ignition or I I ~ Cof such materials in mountainous. brush-covered or forest-covered arcas or other designa~edareas is prohibited except in approvcd designated smoking areas.
309.3 Ventilation. Ventilation bhall be provided in an approved manncr in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accumulation of flammable gases.
SECTION 311 VACANT PREMISES
309.4 Fire extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be provided with a fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 having a ininiinu~n4-A:20-B:C rating within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the battery charger.
311.1 General. Temporarily unoccupied buildings. structures. premises or portions thereof, including tenant spaccs, shall hc safeguarded and maintained in accordance with this section.
309.5 Refueling. Powered industrial trucks using liquid fuel, I,P-gas or hydrogen shall be refi~elcdoutside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purpose. Fixed fuel-dispensing equipmcnl. and associated fueling operations shall be in accordance with Chapter 22. Other fuel-dispensing cquiprnent and operations, including cylinder exchange for LP-gas-fireled vehicles. shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 for flanunable and con~bustibleliquids or Chapter 38 for LP-gas.
311.1.1 Abandoned premises. Buildings, structures and premises for which an owner cannotbe identified or located by dispatch of a certificate of mailing to the last known or registered address, which pcrsistcntly or repeatedly bccome unprotected or unsecured, which have heen o c c ~ ~ p i eby d ~~nauthorized persons or for illegal purposes. or which present a danger of structural collapse or fire spread to adjacent properties shall bc considered abandoned, declared unsafc and abated by demolition or rehabilitation in accordance with thc Intc.~-llutio~zal Puopcr? iMuiizrerzuizcc Coilr and tlic T~7~ter-r~utioi~nl B~fildirtgCode.
309.6 Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems and repairs utilizing open t1a111cor welding shall be done in approved locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purposc.
SECTION 310 SMOKING
310.1 General. The smoking or carrying of a lighted pipe. cigar, cigarcttc or any other type of smoking paraphernalia or material is prohihitcd in the areas indicated in this section.
311.1.2 Tenant spaces. Storage and lcase plans rcqu~redby this code \hall be revised and updated to reflect tcmporary or partial vacancics. 311.2 Safeguarding vacant premises. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, structures. premises or portions thereof shall he secured and protectcd in accordancc with this scctiou. 311.2.1 Security. Exterior openings and interior openings accessible to other tenants or unauthorized persons sh;lll be boarded, locked. blocked or otllcrwise protected to prevent entry by unauthorized individuals.
310.2 Prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited where conditions arc such as lo make smoking a hazard, and in spaces where flammable or coml~ustiblcmaterials are stored or handled.
311.2.2 Fire protection. Fire alarm. sprinkler and standpipe systems shall bc maintained in an operable condition at all times.
310.3 "No Smoking" signs. The fire code officiia is authorized to ordcr the posting of "No Smokiug" signs in a conspicuous location in each structure or location in which smoking is prohibited. The content, lettering, sizc. color and location of rccjuircd "No Smoking" signs shall bc approvcd.
1. When the premises have bcen cleared of all cornbustible materials and debris and, in the opinion of the fire codc official, the typc of construction, fire separation distance and security of thc prcnliscs do not create a fire hazard.
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Exceptions:
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE
2. Whel-e buildings will not be heated and fire protection systems will be cxposcd to freezing tempcraturcs, fire alarm and sprinkler systems are permitted to be placed out of service and standpipes arc permitted to be maintained as dry systems (without an automatic water supply) provided the building has no contents or storagc. and windows, doors and other openings are secured to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.
311.2.3 Fire separation. Fire-rcsistance-rated partitions. fire barriers, and fire walls scparating vacant tenant spaces from the remainder of the building shall be maintained. Openings. joints, and penetrations in fire-resistance-rated asscrnblie\ shall bc protected in accordance with Chapter 7. 31 1.3 Ren~ovalof combustibles. Persons owning, or in charge or control of, a vacant building or portion thereof. shall remove therefrom all accumulations of co~ubustiblematerials, t7a1n~nablcor combus~iblewaste or rubbish and shall securely lock or othcrwisc secure doors, windows and other openings to prcvent entry by unauthorized persons. The premises shall be maintained clear of waste or hazardous materials. Exceptions: 1. Buildings or portions of buildings undergoing additions, alterations, repairs. or change of occupancy in Buildirrg Code, accordance with the I~~rerr~urionnl where waste is controlled and removed as required by Scction 304.
2. Seasonally occupicd buildings
311.4 Removal of hazardous materials. Persons owning or having charge or control of a vacant building containing hazardous materials regulated by Chapter 27 shall comply with the fjcility closure recluiremcnts of Section 2701.6.
3.
T h i s symbol shall mean Ihxt structural or interior hazards exist to a degree that consideration should bc given to limit fire fighting to extcrior opcrations only. with entry only occurring for known lifc hazards.
311.5.5 Informational use. The usc of these symbols shall be informational only and shall not in any way limit the discretion of the on-scene incidcnt cornma~tder.
SECTION 312 VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION 312.1 General. Vehicle impact protection rcquircd by this code shall be provided by posts that coi~iplywith Section 3 12.2 or by othcr approved physical barriers that comply with Scction 3 12.3. 312.2 Posts. Guard posts shall comply with all of thc following requirements: 1. Constructed of steel not lcss than 4 inches (102 mm) in diamclcr and concrete filled.
2. Spaced not morc than 4 fcet (1219 nim) hctwecn posts on center. 3. Set not lcss than 3 feet (914 mm) deep in a concrete footing of not less than a 15-inch (381 mm) diameter. 4. Set with the top of the posts not lcss than 3 fcet (914 m ~ n ) above ground. 5. Located not lcss than 3 feet (9 14 mm) from the protected object.
312.3 Otlaer barriers. Physical barriers shall be a ~nininiumof 36 inches (914 inm) in height and shall resist a force of 12,000 pounds (53 375 N) applied 36 inches (9 14 mm) above thc atljacent ground surface.
311.5 Placards. Any building or structure dctcmiined to be unsafe pursuant to Scction 110 of this code shall be ~narlcedas required by Scctions 3 1 1.5.1 through 3 1 1.5.5. 311.5.1 Placard location. Placards shall be applied on thc front of thc structul-e and be visiblc from the street. Additional placards shall be applied to the side of each entrance to thc structure and on penthouses. 311.5.2 Placard size and color. Placards shall be 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mm by 610 mm) in size with a rcd backgrouncl, whitc reflective slripes and a white reflective border. The stripcs and bordcr shall have a 2-inch (51 mm) strokc. 311.5.3 Placard date. Placards shall bear the datc of their application to the building and the date of th-,most recent inspection. 311.5.4 Placard symbols. 'Thc design of the placards shall use the following symbols: 1.
This synibol shall mean that the structure had normal structural conditions at the time of marking.
2. [\..]'This symbol shall mean that structural or interior hazards exist and interior fire-fighting or rescue operations should be conducted with extreme caution. 32
SECTION 313 FUELED EQUlPMENT 313.1 General. Fuclcd equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles. mopeds, lawn-care equipmcnt ;u~dportahlccooking equipment. shall not be stored, operatcd or rcpaircd within a building. Exceptions: I . Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accorBclildirzg Code. dance with the Irttrrrzafioi~cll 2. Where allowed by Section 3 14. 3. Storagc of cquipment utilized for maintenance purposes is allowed in approved locations when Lhc aggregatc fiicl capacity of the stored cquipmcnt docs not exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1.
313.1.1 Removal. The fire codc official is authorized to require removal of fueled equipment from locations w1ie1.c the presence of such equipment is dctcrnlined by thc fire code official to be hazardous. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE
313.2 Group K occupancies. Vehicles powered by flammable liquids. Class 11combustible liquids, or compressed flammable gases shall not be stored withln the living space of Group R buildings.
bustible materials shall be protected on the storage sitlc as required for I-hour fire-resistance-Wcd construction. Openings shall be protected by assemblies that arc self-closing and are of noncon~bustibleconstruction or solid wood core not less than 1.75 inches (44.5 mm) in thickness. Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists.
SECTION 314 lWDOOR DISPLAYS 314.1 Gencral. Indoor displays col~sLr~~cted within any occupancy shall co~nplywith Sections 31 4.2 through 314.4.
Exceptions: 1. Areas protected by approved automatic spl-inkler systems. 2. Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, 315.3 Outside storage. Outside storage oi'combustible materials shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mni) of a propcrty I~ne.
314.2 Fixtures and displays. Fixtures and displays of goods for sale to the public shall bc ananged so as to maintain frcc. immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by Chapter 10. 314.3 Highly combustible goods. The display of highly combustible goods, including but not limitcd to fireworks, flanlmable or combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases, oxidizing materials. pyroxylin plastics and agricultural goods, in main cxit access aisles, corridors, covered malls, or within 5 feet (1514 mln) of entrances to cxits and exterior exit doors is prohibited whcn a fire involving such goods would rapidly prevent or obstruct egress. 314.4 Vehicles. Liquid- or gar-fueled vehicles. boats or othcr motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows: I . Batteries are disconnected. 2. Fuel in fuel tanks docs not cxceed one-quarter tank or 5 gallons (19 L) (whichcvcr is least).
3. Fuel tanks and fill openings arc closed and sealed to prevent tampering. 4. Vehicles, boats or other rnotorcraft ccluipment are not fueled or dcfueled within the building. SECTION 315 MISCELLANEOUS COMBUSTlBLE MATERIALS STORAGE 315.1 General. Storagc, use and handling of n~iscellaneous combustible roaterials shall be in accordancc with this section. A pcrll~ilshall he obtained in accordance with Section 105.6. 315.2 Storage in buildings. Storagc of cornbuslible materials in buildings shall be orderly. Storage shall be separated from hcatc~-s or 11e:lling dcvices by distance or shielding so that ignition cannot occur. 315.2.1 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained 2 fcct (610 mni) 01- 111orebclow thc ceiling in nonsprinklercd areas of buildings or a ~nininlumof 18 inches (457 mm) bclow sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings. 315.2.2 Means of egress. Combustible rnatcrials shdll not be stored I 11e x ~ t or r exlt enclo\ures. 315.2.3 Equipment rooms. Cornbustible lnaterial shall not be storcd in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical cquiprnent roorns. 315.2.4 Attic, under-floor and co~lcealedspaces. Attic, under-floor and concealed spaccs uscd for storage of com2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Exceptions: 1. Thc separation distance is allowed to he reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) for storage not cxcecding 6 fect (1 829 mm) in hcight. 2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced when the fire code official determines that no hrv,ard to the adjoining propcrty cxists. 315.3.1 Storage beneath o~~erhead projections from buildings. Cornbustible materials stored or displayed outside of buildings that are protected by automatic sprinklel-s shall not be stored or displayed under nonsprinklered eavcs, canopies or other-projcclions or overhangs. 315.3.2 Height. Storagc in the open shall not cxcccd 20 feet (6096 mm) in height.
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CHAPTER 4
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS SECTION 401 GENERAL 401.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies. coordination with cmergcncy response forccs. cmcrgcncy plans, and procedures for managing or responding to emergencies shall comply with thc provisions of this section. Exception: Firms that have approved on-PI-einises fire-fighting organizations and that are in compliance with approved procedures for fil-e I-eporting. 401.3 Approval. Where required by this code, tire safety plans, emergency procedures, and cmplo)lee training programs shall be approved hy the fire code official. 401.3 Emergency forces notification. In the event an unwanted fire occurs on a property, theowner or occupant shall im~~~ediately report such condition to the fire department. Building employees and tenants shall implement the appropriate emergency plans and procedures N o pcrson shall, by verbal or written directive, require any delay in the reporting of a fire to the fire department. 401.3.1 Making false report. It shall be unlawful for a pcrson to give, signal. or transmit a falsc alarm. 401.3.2 Alarm activations. Upon activation of a fire alarm signal, employees or staff shall immediately notify the fire tlel.?artment. 401.3.3 Emergency evacuation drills. hothing in this section shall prohibit the sounding of a firc alann signal or the carrying out of an emergency evacuation drill in accordance with the provisions of Section 405. 401.4 lnterfercnce with fire department operations. It shall bc unlawful to inlerferc with, attempt to intcrfcrc with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or restrict the mobility of or block the path of travcl of a fire department erncrgency vehicle i r any ~ way: 01. to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interferc with, obstruct or hamper any firc department operation. 401.5 Security device. Any security dcbicc or systcna that enlit5 :my medium that could ohscurc a means of cgrcss in any building, structure or premise shall be prohibited.
SECTlON 402 DEFINITIONS 402.1 Detinition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. An exercise pcrfolrncd to train staff and occupants and to evaluate their cfficiency and cffcctivcness in carlying out emergency evacuation procedures. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 403 PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS 403.1 Fire watch personnel. When. in the opinion of the tire code official, it is essential for public safcty in LI placeof asscmbly or any other place where people congregate, because of the number of persons, or the nature ol' the perforlnancc, cxhibition, display, contest or activity, theowncr. agent or lcssec shall provide one or more fire watch personnel, as required and approved, to remain on duty during the times such places are open to [he public, or when such activily is bci~lgconductcd. 403.1.1 Duties. Fire watch personnel shall keep diligent watch for fircs, obstructions to means of egress and other hazards during the time such placc is open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures for remediation o l hazards, extinguishment of fircs that occur and assist in the cvacuation of the public from the structures. 403.2 Publicsafety plan. In othcr than Group A or E occupancies, where the fire code official determines that an indoor or outdoor gathering of persons has an adverse i~upacton public safety through diminished access to buildings, structures, fire hydrants and fire apparatus access roads or where such gatherings adversely affect public safety services of any kind. the fire code official shall have the authority to order the dcvclopnlcnt of, or prescribe a plan for. the provision of an approved level of public safety. 403.2.1 Contents. The public sarety plan, where requircd by Section 403.2, shall address such items as emergency vehicle ingress and cgress. tire protection. emergency mcdical services, public assembly areas and the directing of both attendees and vehicles (including thc parking of vehicles). vendor and food concession distribution, and the need for the presence of law enforcement, and lire and emergency medical services personnel at the evcnt.
SECTION 404 FIRE SAFETY AND EVACUATION PLANS 404.1 General. Fire safcty and cvacuation plans shall co~nply with the requirements of this section. 404.2 Whcrc required. An app~ovcdfire safcty and evacuation plan shall be prepared and maintained for thc following occupancies and buildings. 1. Group A, other than Group A occupancies uscd cxclusively for purposes of religious worship that h a w an occupant load less than 2,000. 2. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or Inore persons or morc than 100 pcrsons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.
3. Group E. 4. Group H.
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
1
5. Group I.
4.2. Primary cvacuation routes.
6. Group R-I. 7. Group R-2 collcge and university buildings.
4.3. Secondary cvacuation routcs.
8. C h u p R-4.
4.5. Areas of refuge.
9. High-risc buildings.
4.6. Man~ialfirc alarm boxcs.
4.4. Acccssihlc egress routes.
1.7. Portablc firc cxtinguishers. 4.8. Occupant-usc hosc stations.
10. Group M buildings having an occupant load of 500 01. niorc pcrsons or more than 100 persons above or below the Iowcst level of cxit discharge.
4.9. Fire al:u-m annunciators and controls.
I I . Covcred malls exceeding 50,000 square fect (4645 m?) in aggregate floor area.
5. A list of major fire hazards associated with thenomial use and occupancy of the preniises, including maintcnancc and housekeeping procedures.
12. Underground buildings. 13. Buildings with an atrium and having an occupancy in Group A, E or M.
6. Identification and assignment of pcrsonncl rcsponsible for maintenance of systcms and ecluipmcnt installed to prevent or control fircs.
404.3 Contents. Firc safety and cvacuation plan contents shall bc in accordance with Sections 404.3.1 and 404.3.7.
7. Identification and assignment of personnel rcsponsi-
404.3.1 Fire evacuation plans. Fire evacuation plans sl.lall includc the following:
ble for maintenancc, houscl<eeping and controlling fuel hazard sources.
1. Emergency egress or escape routes and whether evacuation of the building is to bc complete or, where approvcd, by sclected floors or areas only.
404.4 Maintenance. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall bc reviewed or updated annually or as necessitated by changes in staff assignments, occupancy, or thc physical arrangement of the building.
2. Procedures for employees who must remain to operate critical equipment before evacuating. 3. Procedures for accounting for employees and occupants aftcr evacuation has been completed. 4. IclenLificatio~iand assignment of personnel responsible for rcscue or cmcrgcncy ~nedicalaid. 5. 'Thc prefcl~edand any alternative means of notifying occupants o f a fire or emergency. 6. The preferred and any aIte~.nativemeans of reporting fircs and othcr crnergencies to thc fire department or designated cmergency response organization.
7. Identification arid assignment of personnel who can be contactcd for further infonnatio~lor explanation of duties under the plan.
8. A description of the emergcncy voicehalarm communication systcn~alert tone and preprogrammed voicc messages, where provided. 404.3.2 Fire safety plans. Firc safety plails shall include thc following: 1. The procedure fol. reporting a fire or othcr emergcncy.
2. Thc life safety strategy and proccdures for notifying. relocating. or evacuating occupanls. 3. Sitc plans indicating the following: 3.1. The occupancy assembly point. 3.2. The locations of firc hydrants. 3.3. The normal routcs of firc departinent vehicle acccss. 4. Floor plans identifying the locationsoithe following: 4. I. Exits.
404.5 Availability. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall bc available in the workplace for reference and review by eniployees, and copies shall be furnished to the fire codc official for review upon requcst. SECTION 405 EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILLS 405.1 General. Emergency evacuation drills complying with the provisions of this section shall bc conducted at least annually in the occupancies listed in Section 404.2 or whcn required by the firc code official. Drills shall be designcd in cooperation with the local authorities. 405.2 Frequency. Required emcrgcncy evacuatio~idrills chall be held at the intervals specified in Tablc 405.2 or more frequently where necessary to fnlniliarizc all occupants with thc drill procedure. 405.3 Leadership. Responsibility for the planning and conduct of drills shall be assigned to competent pcrsons dccignatcd to excrcise leadership. 405.4 Time. I>rills shall bc hcld at uncxpccted timcs and undcr vaying conditions to simulate thc unusual conditions thal occur in case of fire. 405.5 ltecord keeping. Records shall bc maintained of rcquired emergency evacuation drills and include thc following information: 1. Identity of the pcrson conducting the drill
2. 3. 4. 5.
Date ar~dtime of the drill. Notification method used. Staff mcmbers 011duty and participating. Nu~nberof occupants evacuated. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
6. Special conditions simulated.
described in their fire evacuation and fire safcty plans. Training shall bc based on tlicse plans and as described in Scction 404.3.
7. Prohlcms cncountcrcd. 8. We:~therconditions when occupants wcre evacuated.
406.2 Frequency. Elnployees shall receive training in the contents of fire safety and evacuation plans and their dutics as part of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter. Records shall be kept and made abailablc to the fire code official upon request.
9. 'Time required to accomplish complete cvacuation.
~~- - -
,
--
GROUPOR . ~-~0 C C " W C V
-
-
.. .--
I
--
-
FREQUENCY ~.~
--I
&:hi
Group R- 1 ~
,~ Quarterly . ~ u~_e?gh ~ .
~ r o u pR-2d
r-'---~our annoa~iy 1
Group..-R-4 .-
;-Quarterly each shift -. - on ~
- - ~
~
F'AROC!PAT!DN
.
1
1
-
-~
-~
.~-.
Quarterly on 1 Employeesh1 - each shiA ,_~+~-
GMLIP I --
~
-
TABLE 405.2 FlRE AND EVACUATION DRILL FREQUENCY.~ AND PARTICIPATION ~. . -
-
I
I-ligh-rise _ .- buildings '
_
1(
1
1
E-m~l2cg~3 ,411 occupants
Employeesh
Annually
I
i
i
A
a. The frequency shall be allowed to be modified it1 accordance with Section 408.3.2. b. Fire and evacuation drills in residential care assisled living facilities shall include coniplctc cvacuatiou of ll~epremises in accordance with Section 408.10.5. Where occupants receive habilitnlion or rehabilitation training, tire preventio~~ and firr. safety practices shall be included as part of the training pl-ogram. c . Ciroup R buildings having a1 occupant load of500 clr more persons or more than 100 persons abovr. or below the lowesr level of exit disch:~rge. d. Applicable to Group R-2 college and university buildin_es in accordance with Section 108.3.
406.3 Employee training program. Einployecs shall bc trained in fire prevention, evacuation and fire safety in accordance with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.3. 406.3.1 Fire prevention training. Employees shall be appriscd of the fire hazards of thc materials and processes to which they are exposed. Each employee shall be instructed in the proper procedures for preventing fires in the conduct of their assigned duties. 406.3.2 Evacuation training. Employees shall be familiarized with the fire alarm and evacuation signals. their assigned duties in the event of an alarin or emergency, evacuation routes? areas of rcfuge, exterior asscmbly areas, and procedures for evacuation. 406.3.3 Fire safety training. Ernployccs as
405.6 Notification. Whcre required by the fire code official, prior notification of enicrgcncy evacuation &ills shall be given to the fire code official.
407.1 General. The provisions of Sections 407.2 th~ough 407.7 shall be applicable where ha7ardous materials subject to permits under Section 2701.5 are located on the premiscs or where recluired by the fire code ofticial.
405.7 Initiation. Whcre a fil-ealarm system is provided. ernergcncy cvacuation drills shall be initiated by activating the fire alarm system.
407.2 RiIatei-ial Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all haz'\rck>us nlateriala shall bc rcadily available on the premises.
405.8 Accountability. As building occupants arrive at the asse~nhlypoint, cfforts shall be made to dctciniine if all occupants have been successfully e~racuatedor have been accounted foc
407.3 Identification. individual containers of hazardous nlatcrials, cartons or packages shall be marked or labcled in accordance with applicable federal regulations. Buildings, rooins and spaces containing hazardous materials shall bc idcntified by hazard warning signs in accordance with Scction 2703.5.
405.9 Recall and reentry. An electrically or ~nechanically operated signal used to recall occupants after an evacuation shall be separatc and distinct from the signal used to initiate the evacuation. Thc recall signal initiation mcans shall be manually opcratcd and undcr the control of tlie person in charge of the premiscs or the official in charge of the incident. No one shall reenter the pren~isesuntil a~lthorizedto do so by the official in charge.
SECTION 406 EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND RESPONSE PROCEDURES
406.1 < & m ~ - aEmployees l. in thc occupancies listcd in Section 404.2 shall be trained in the fire emergency procedures 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
407.4 Training. Persons responsible for the operation vf areas in which hazaxdous materials are stored, dispcnscd, handlcd or used shall be familiar with the chemical nature of the materials and (hc appropriate mitigating actions necessary i n the cvent of a fire, leak or spill. Responsible persons shall bc designated arid trained to bc liaison personnel for the tire dcpartnient. These persons shall aid the fire department in prcplanning cmergcncy responses and identification of the locations where hazartlo~~s inaterials are located. and shall have access to Material Sat'cty Data Sheets and be knowlcdgeable in thc site emergency rcsponse procedures. 407.5 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement. Whcrt: required by the fire code official, cach application lor a pcrmit shall include a Hazardous Materials Inventory Statenlent (HMJS) in accoi-dance with Section 2701.5.2.
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
407.6 EIazardous Materials Management Plan. Where required by thc fire code official. each application for a pcr~nit shall includc a Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) in accordancc with Section 2701.5.1. The fire code ofticial is authorized to accept a similar plan required by other regulations. 407.7 Facility closure plans. The permit holder or applicant shall submit to the firc code official a facility closure plan in accordance with Section 2701.6.3 to terminate storage, dispensing. handling or use of hazardous materials.
SECTION 408 USE AND OCCUPANCY-RELATED REQUIREMENTS 408.1 General. In addition to the other requirements of this chapter, the provisions of this section are applicable to specific occupancies listed hcrein. 408.2 Group A occupancies. Group A occupancies shall comply with the rcquire~nentsof Sections 408.2.1 and408.2.2 and Scctions 401 through 406. 408.2.1 Seating plan. The fire sat'ety and evacuation plans for asscmbly occupancies shall includc thc information required by Section 404.3 and a detailed seating plan, occupant load, and occupant load limit. Deviations from the approvcd plans shall be allowed provided the occupant load limit for thc occupancy is not excceded and thc aisles and exit accessways remain unobstructed. 408.2.2 Announce~nents.In theaters, motion picture theaters, auditoriums and similar assclnbly occupancies in Group A used for noncontinuous programs, an audible announcement shall be made not more than 10 minutes prior to the start of each program to notify the occupants of thc location of the exits to be used in the event of a fire or othcr cmcrgency. Exception: In motion picture theaters. the announcement is allowed to be prqjected upon the screen in a manner approved by the fire code ofticial. 408.3 Group E occupancies and Group R-2 college and uni-
1 versity buildings. Group E occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Scctions 408.3.1 through 408.3.4 and Sections 1 401 through 406. Group R-2 college and university buildings shall comply with the requircnlents of Sections 408.3.1 and 408.3.3 and Scctions 401 through 406.
408.3.1 First cmergency evacuation drill. The first emergency evacuation drill of each school year shall be conducted within 10 days of the beginning of classes. 408.3.2 Emergency evacuation drill deferral. In scvere climates. thc fire code official shall have the authority to modify the emergency evacuation drill frequcncy spccified in Section 405.2.
I
408.3.3 'Timc of day. Emergency evacuation drills shall be conducted at diffcrcnt hours of the day or cvening, during the changing of classes, when the school is at assembly, during the reccss or gymnastic periods, or during other times to avoid distinction betwcen drills and actual fires. In Group
R-2 college and university buildings. one required drill shall bc held during hours after sunset or before sunrisc.
408.3.4 Assembly points. Outdoor assembly areas shall bc designated and shall bc located a safc distance from the building being evacuated so as to avoid interference with tire department operations. The asscmbly arcas shall be arranged to keep each class separate to providc accountability of all individuals. 408.4 Group H-5 occupancies. Gro~rpH-5 occupancies shall comply with thc recluirements of Scctions 408.3.1 through 408.4.4 and Sections 401 through 407. 408.4.1 Plans and diagrams. In addition to the requirements of Section 404 and Section 407.6, plans and diagranls shall be maintained in approved locations indicating thc approximate plan for caeh area, the amount and type of HPM stored. handled and used, locations of shutoff valvcs for HPM supply piping, emcrgency telephone locations and locations of exits. 408.4.2 Plan updating. The plans and diagranlr rcquired by Scction 408.4.1 shall be maintained up to date and the fire code official and fire department shall bc informed of all major changcs. 408.4.3 Emergency response team. Responsible pcrsons shall be designated the on-site elncrgency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the fire department. Thesc persons shall aid the fire depart~nc~lt in prcplanning emergency responses, identifying locations where HPM is stored, handled and used, and bc funiliar with thc chcmicnl nature of such material. An adequate number of personnel for each work shift shall be designated. 408.4.4 Emergency drills. Emergency drills of the on-site emergency response team shall be conducted on a regular basis but not less than once every three months. Records of drills conducted shall be maintained. 408.5 Group 1-1 occupancies. Group 1-1 occupancies shall comply with the requiremcnts of Sections 408.5.1 through 408.5.5 and Sections 401 through 406. 408.5.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. Thc firc safety and evacuation plan rcquired by Section 404 shall includc special staff actions including lire protcction procedures necessary for residents and shall be amcnded or rcviscd upon adnlission of any rcsidcnt with unusual needs. 408.5.2 Staff training. Employees shall bc periodically instructed and lccpt infonned of their duties and responsibilities under the plan. Such instruction shall be rcvicwcd by the staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall be readily available at all times within the facility, 408.5.3 Resident training. Residents capablc of assisting in their own evacuation shall be trained in thc proper actions to take it1 the event of a fire. The training shall includc actions to take if the primary escape route is blockcd. Where the residcnt is given rehabilitation or habilitation training. training in fire prevcntion and actions to takc in the cvcnt of a firc shall be a part of the rchabilitation training program. Residents shall be traincd to assist each other in case of firc 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
to the cxtent their physical and mentxl abilities permit them to do so w~thoutadditional personal risk.
408.5.4 Drill frequency. Emergency evacuation drills shall bc conducted at least six time5 per year. two times pcr ycar on each shift. Twelvc drills shall be conducted in the first ycar of o p e ~ a t i oDrills ~ ~ . are not required to comply with thc time requircmcnts of Section 405.4.
1
408.5.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation drills shall involve the actual evacuation of residents to a selccted assembly point. 408.6 Group 1-2 occupancies. Group 1-2 occupancies h a l l comply with the requirements of Sections 408.6.1 and 408.6.2 and Scctions 401 through 406. Drills are not required to comply with thc time requiremcnrs of Scction 405.4. 408.6.1 Evacuation not required. During emergency evacuation drills, the movcmcnt of patients to safe areas or to thc exterlor of the building is not rcquired. 408.6.2 Coded alarm signal. When emelgency ecacuation drills are conducted after visiting hours or when patients or residents are expected to be asleep, a coded announcement is allowed instead of airdihle alarms. 408.7 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupancies shall comply with the require~nentsof Sections 408.7.1 through 408.7.4 and Sections 401 th~uugh406. 408.7.1 Ehnploycc training. Employees shall be instructed in the proper use of portable firc extinguishers and other manual firc suppression equipment. Training of new staff shall be provided promptly upon cntrancc on duty. Refresher training shall be provided at least annually. 408.7.2 Staffing. Group 1-3 occ~~pancies shall be provided with 24-hour staffing. Staff shall be within three tloors or 300 Feet (91 430 mrn) horizontal distance of the acccss door of cach resident housing area. In Use Conditions 3 , 4 and 5, as defined in Chapter 2. the arrangement shall be such that the staff involved can start release of locks necessary for cmcrgcncy evacuation or rescue and initiate other necessary crnergency actions within 2 ruinutes of an alarm. Exception: Staff shall not bc required to be within three Iloors or 300 feet 19144 mm) in areas in which all locks arc unloclied remotely and automatically in accordance Buildir~gCoiie. with Section 408.4 of the I~~terizational 408.7.3 Notification. Provisions shall bc m.ide for residents in Usc Conditiorls 3, 4 and 5, as defined in Chapter 2. to readily notify staff of an emergency. 408.7.4 Keys. Keys necessary for unloclting doors installed in a means of egress shall be individually identifiable hy both touch and sight. 408.8 Group R-1 occupancies. Group R-l occupancics shall comply with the rcquircments of Sections 408.8.1 through 408.8.3 and Scctions 401 through 406. 408.8.1 Evacuation diagrams. A diagram depicting two evacuation routcs shall be posted on or immediately adjacent to cvery rcquircd egress door from each hotcl, motel or dormitory sleeping unit. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
408.8.2 E~nergencydutics. Upon discovery ol'a firc or suspected firc, hotcl, ~notcland dvrmitory cmployecs shall pcrform the following duties:
I . Activate the firc alarm system. where provided. 2. Notify the public firc dcpartnlcnt.
3. Take other action as previously instructed. 408.8.3 Fire safety and evacuation instructions. In formation shall be provided in the fire safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404 ro allow guests to decide whcther ro evacuatc to thc outside, evacuate to an areaof refuge, remain in place, or any combination of the three. 408.9 Group R-2 occupancies. Group R-2 occupancies shall comply with the requirements of Scctions 408.9.1 through 408.9.3 and Section9 401 through 406. 408.9.1 Emergency guide. A fire emergency guide shall be provided which describes the location. function and use of fire protection equipment and appliances accessible to residcn~s,including fire alarm systems, smoke a l a n s , and portable fire extinguishcrs, The guide shall also include an emergency evacuation plan for each dwelling unit. 408.9.2 Maintenance. Emergency guides shall be reviewed and approved in accordance with Section 40 1.7,. 408.9.3 Distribution. A copy of tllc clnelpency guide shall hc given to each tenant prior to initial occupancy. 408.10 Group R-4 occupancies. Group R-4 occupancies shall comply with the requirenxents of Sections 408.10.1 through 408.10.5 and Sections 401 through 406. 408.10.1 Fire safety and evacuation plan. The firc safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404 shall includc special staff actions, including fire protection procedures necessary for residents, and shall be amended or revised upon admission of a rcsidcnt with unusual ~ ~ c e d s . 408.10.2 Staff training. Elnployecs shall be periodically instructed and ltcpt infonned of their duties and rcsponsihilitics under the plan. Such instruction shall be revicwcd by the staff at least every two months. A copy of thc plan shall be readily available at all times within the facility. 408.10.3 Resident training. Residents capable of assisting in their own evacuation shall be trained i n the proper actions to take in the cvent of a fire. Thc training shall include actions to take if the primary escape route is blocked. Where the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training, training in fire prevention and actions to take in the evcnt of a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program. Residents sllall be trained to assist cach other in case of firc to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit thcm to do so without additional personal risk. 408.10.4 Drill frequency. Emergency e\lacuation drills shall be conducted at lcast six timcs per year, two timcs per year on cach shift. Twelve drills shall be conducted in the first year of operation. Drills are not required to comply with thc time requirements of Section 405.4. 408.10.5 Resident participation. Emergency evacuation dr~llsshall involve the acrual evacuation of rc~identsto n I selected assembly point and shall provide rcsidentq with
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS
experience in cxiting through all required exits. All required cxits shall be uscd during crnergcncy evacuation drills.
4. Kept free from combustible waste and be broomswept clean.
Exception: Actual exiting from windows shall not he rcquircd. Opcning the window and signaling for help shall bc an acceptable al~ernatiw. 408.11 Covercd ma11 buildings. Covered inall b~~ildings shall co~npl y with thc provisions of Sections 408.1 1.1 through 408.1 1.3. 408.11.1 Ceasc plan. A lease plan shall bc prepl-cd for each covcred mall building. The plan shall include the following information in addition to that required by Section 304.3.2: 1. Each occupancy. including identification of tenant. 2. Exits from each tenant space
3. Firc protcction fcaturcs, including the following: 3.1. Firc department connections.
3.2. Fire command center. 3.3. S n ~ o k cmanagement system controls. 3.4. Elevators and clevator controls. 3.5. Hose valves outlets. 3.6. Sprinkler and standpipe control valves. 3.7. Automatic fire-extinguishing systcm areas. 3.8. Auto~naticfirc detector zones.
3.0. Firc barriers. 408.11.1.1 Approval. 'rhc leasc pl~ulshall bc submitted to the tirc code official for approval. and shall be maintained on site for imrnediate rcfercnce by respondins fire sc~vicepersonnel. 408.11.1.2 Revisions. Thc lease plans shall hc revised annually or as oftcn as necessary to kcep thcm current. Modifications or changes in tenants or occupancies shall not bc lnaclc without prior approval of the firc code ofticia1 and building official. 408.11.2 Tenant identification. Each occupied tcnant space provided with a scco~ldaryexit to the exterior or exit corridor shall be provided with tenant identification by business name antl/or addrcss. Letters and numbers shall be postedon thc corridor side of thedoor. be plainly legible and shall contrast with their background. Ilxception: Tenant identification is not rcquircd for anchor stores. 408.11.3 Maintenance. Unoccupied tcnant spaces shall be: 1. Kept free from the storage of any materials. 2. Separated from the reinaindcr of the building by partitions of at least 0.5-inch-thick (12.7 mm) gypsum board or an approved equivalent to the underside of the cciling of the adjoining tenant spaces. 3. Without tloors or other acccss openings other than onc (loor that shall be kept kcy locked in the closed position cxcept during that time when opened for inspection. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 5
FIRE SERVICE FEATURES SECTION 503 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS SECTION 501 GENERAL
501.1 Scope. F i e service features for buildings. structures and preniises shall comply with this chapter. 501.2 Permits. A pcrnlit shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7. 501.3 Construction documents. Construction documents for proposed fire apparatus access, location of fire lanes and constructioii documents and hydraulic calculations for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction. 501.4 Timing of installation. When tire apparatus access roads or a water supply for firc protection is required to be i~istalled,such protection shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during the tinlc of construction except when approved alternative methods of protection are providcd. Tcmporary street signs shall bc installed at each street intersection when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles in accordance with Section 505.2.
502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purporcs of this chapter and as uscd elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. A road that ~~rovidcs fire apparalus access fronl a fire station to a hciiity. building or portion thereof. This is a general term inc,lusive of all other terms such as fire lane, public street. private street, parking lot lane and access roadway.
503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordancc with Scctions 503.1.1 503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved firc apparatus access roads shall be provided for every facility, hnilding or portion of a building hereafter constructed or movcd into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparat~lsacccss road shall con~plywith thc requirements of this section and shall extend to within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of the building as measured by an approved route arouild the exterior of the buildins or facility. Exception: The fire code official is authorized to increase the dimension of 150 fect (35 720 nun) whcrc: 1. Thc building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 903.3.1.2, or 903.3.1.3.
2. Fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed because of location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable gradcs or othcr siinilar conditions. and an approved ~rltcrnarivcmeans of firc protection is providcd. 3. There are not more than two Group R - 3 or Group U occupancies.
503.1.2 Additional access. The tire code official is authorized to requlre more than one fire apparatus access road based on the potential for impairment of a single road by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain. climatic conditions or othcr factors that could limit access. 503.1.3 High-piled storage. Fire department vehicle acccss to buildings used for high-pilcd conibustible storage shall comply with the applicable prokisions of Chapter 23.
FIKE COMMAND CENTER. The principal attended or unattcndcd location where the status of the detection, alarrn communications and control systems is displayed, and from which the systcm(s) can be n~anuallycontrolled.
503.2 Specifications. Fire apparatus acccss roads ';hall be installed and al~angcdin accordance with Scctions 503.2.1 through 503.2.7.
FIKE I)E:PARTMENT MASTER KEY. A limited issue key of special or controlled design to be casried by fire department officials in comlnand which will open ltey boxes on specified properties.
503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructecl width of not less than 20 feet (6096 nlin), except for approved security gates iu accordancc with Scction 503.6: and an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 fect 6 inches (41 15 mm).
FlKE LANE. A road or other passageway developed to allow the passage of fire apparatus. A fire lane is not ncccssarily intended for vehicular traffic other than fire apparatus.
I KEY BOX. A sccurc device with a lock operable only by a firc department ma5tcr key, arid cor~tainirrgbuilding entry Iteys and other keys thal may be required Ihr access in an emergency. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall havc the authority to require an incrcasc in thc minimum acccss widths where they arc inadequate for firc or rcscue opcraLions. 503.2.3 Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of 41
FlRE SERVICE FEATURES
fire apparatus and shall bc surfaced so as to provide allwcather driving capabilities.
503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be dcter~ninedby thc fire code official. 503.2.5 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be provided with an approved area for turning around fire apparatus. 503.2.0 Bridges and elevated sui-faces. Where a bridge or an elevated surface is part of afire apparatus access road, the bridge shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with AASI-IT0 HB-17. Bridges and elevated surfaces shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges when required by the firc code official. Wherc elevated surfaces designed for emergency vehicle use are adjacent to surfaces which arc not designed for such usc, approved barriers, approved signs or both shall be inst~llledand nlaintained when required by the fire code official. 503.2.7 Grade. The grade of the fire apparatus acccss road shall be within t11c limits established by the fire codc official bascd on the firc department's apparatus. 503.3 Marking. Where rcquired by the fire code official, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads or prohibit the obstruction thercof. Signs or notices shall be maintained in a clean and legible condition at all times and be replaced or repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility. 503.4 Obstruction of fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus acccss roads shall not be obstructed in any manner, including the parking of vehicles. 'fie minimum widths and clearances established in Scction 503.2.1 shall be maintained at all times. 503.5 Required gates or barricades. The fire code official is authorizcd to recluirc the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across fire apparatus acccss roads, trails or other accessways. not including public streets, alleys or highways. 503.5.1 Secured gates and barricades. Whcn required. gatcs and barricades shall he securcd in an approved Inanner. Roads, trails and other accessways that havc bcen closed and obstr~ictedin the manner prescribed by Section 503.5 shall not be trespassed on or used unless authorized by thc owner and thc fire code official. Exccption: The restriction on use shall not apply to public officers acting within the scope of duty. 503.6 Security gates. The installation of security gatcs across a firc apparatus acccss road shall be approved by the fire chief. Wherc security gatcs are installed, they shall havc an approvcd means of emergency operation. The security gates and the crncrgency operation shall be maintaincd operational at all times.
SECTION 504 ACCESS TO BUILDING OPENINGS AND ROOFS 504.1 Required access. Exterior doors and opcnings requircd by this code or the Ii~terrzatiortnlBrriltliizg Cotfe shall be maintained readily accessible for emergency acccss by the fire department. An approved access walkway leading from fire apparatus acccss roads to exterior openings shall be pro~idcd when recluircd by the firc code ofiicial. 504.2 Maintenance of exterior doors and openings. Exterior shall not be eliminated without prior doors and their fu~ictio~l approval. Exterior doors that havc bcen rendcrcd nonfunctional and that retain a functional door cxterior appearancc shall have a sign affixed to the exterior side of the door with the words THIS DOOR BLOCKED. The sign shall consist of lctters having a principal stroke of not less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) wide and at least 6 inchcs (152 mm) high on a contrasting background. Required fire department acccss doors shall not be obstructed or eliminated. Exit and exit acccss doors shall comply with Chapter 10. Access doors for high-piled con~bustiblc storage shall comply with Scction 2306.6.1. 504.3 Stairway access to roof. New buildings four or morc stories in height, except those with a roof slope grcater than four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (13.3 pcrcent slopc). shall be provided with a stairway to theroof. Stairway access to the roof shall be in accordance wit11 Section 1009.12. Such stairway shall be marked at strect and floor levels with a sign indicating that the stairway continues to the roof. Wherc roofs arc used for roof gardens or for other purposes. stairways shall be provided as requircd for such occupancy classification. SECTION 505 PREMISES IDENTIFICATION 505.1 Address numbcrs. Ncw and existing buildings shall havc approved address numbcrs. building numbers o r approvcd building identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic numcrals or alphabet Iettcrs. Numbers shall be aminimum o f 4 inches (102 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm). 505.2 Street or road signs. Streets and roads shall be identified with approved signs. Temporary signs shall bc installed at cach street intersection when construction of ncw roadways allows passage by vehicles. Signs shall be of an approvcd size, wcatl~erresistant and be maintained until replaced by pcrmanent signs. SECTION 506 KEY BOXES 506.1 Whcre required. Whcre acccss to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of securcd o p c ~ ~ i n gors where immediate acccss is necessary for lifc-saving or firc-fighting purposes, the fire code official is authorizcd to requirc a key box to be installed in an approvcd location. The key box shall be of an approved type and shall contain keys to gain neces~ar)~ access as required by the fire codc official. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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506.1.1 Locks. An approved lock shall bc installed on gates or similar barriers whcn r e q ~ ~ i r cbyd thc fil-e code official. 506.2 Key box maintenance. The opera to^ of the building shall inimediatcly not~fythc fire code official and provide the new kcy when a lock IS changcd or rckeyed. The kcy Lo such lock shall be securcd in the key box.
SECTION 507 HAZARDS TO FlRE FlGHTERS 507.1 Trapdoors to be closed. Trapdoors and scuttlc covcrs, other than thosc that are wilhin a dwelling unit or a~~tonlatically operated, shall bc kept closed at all times except when in use. 507.2 Shaftway markings. Vertical shafts shall be identified as rcquircd by this section. 507.2.1 Exterior access to shaftways. Outside openings acccssiblc to the fire department and which open directly on a hoistway or shaftway communicating between two or niorc floors in a building shall be plainly marked with the word SHAFTWAY in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as LObe rcadily discernible from the outside of the building. 507.2.2 Interior access to shaftways. Door or window openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the building shall be plainly marked with the word SHAFTWAY in red letters at lcast 6 inches ( 1 52 nim) high on a white bacli~rouncl.Such warning signs shall be placcd so as to hc read~lydiscernible. Exception: Marking shall not bc required on shaftway opcnings which are readily discernible as openings onto a shaftway by the construction or arrangement. 507.3 Pitfalls. The intentional design or alt.eration of buildings to disable, injure, maim or kill intruders is prohibited. No person shall install and L I ~ Cfirearms. sharp or pointed objects, razor wirc. explosives, flammable or combustible liquid containers. or dispensers containing highly toxic, toxic, irritant or other hazardous materials in a nianner which may passively or actively disable, injure, maim or kill a fire fighter who forcibly cnters a building for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a tire, rescuing trapped occupants or rendering other emergency assistance.
SECTION 508 FlRE PROTECTlON WATER SUPPLIES 508.1 Required water supply. AII approved water supply
508.2.2 Water tanks. Watcr tanks for privatc firc protcction shall bc installed in accordance with NFPA 22. 508.3 Fire flow. Fire flow requirenlents for buildings or portions of buildings and facilities shall bc detcm~incdby a11 approved method. 508.4 l a t e r supply test. Thc fire code official shall bc notified prior to the water supply test. Water supply tests shall bc witnessed by the fire code official or approvcd docun~cntation of the test shall be provided Lo the fire codc official prior to final approval of the water supply system. 508.5 Fire hydrant systems. Firc hydrant systcms shall c o n ply with Sections 508.5.1 through 508.5.6. 508.5.1 Where required. Where a portion of thc facility or building hercafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction is more than 400 fcet (122 m ) from a hydrant on a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approvcd route around thc exterior of the facility or building, on-site fire hydrarits and mains shall be provided wherc rcquircd by the fire code official. Exceptions: 1. For Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, the distance requirement shall be 600 feet (1 80 m).
2. For buildings cquipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklcr system installed in accordance with Section 903.3. I . 1 or 903.3.1.2, thedistance requirement chall bc 600 feet (183 n ~ ) . 508.5.2 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Firc hydrant systems shall be subject to periodic tests as rcquircd by the firc code official. Fire hydrant systcms shall bc maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall bc repairedwhere defective. Additions. repairs. alterations and servicing shall comply with approwd standards. 508.5.3 Private fire service mains and water tanks. Privatc flrc scrvice mains and water tanlcs shall bc periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25 at the following intervals: 1. Private firc hydrants (all types): Inspection annually and after each operation; flow test and m.dr' ntenance annually. 2. Fire service main piping: Illspection of cxposcd, annually; flom test every 5 ycars.
3. Firc service main piping s~rainers:1ni;pcction and mainLenancc after cach use.
508.2 Type of water supply. A water supply shall consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, clcvated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.
508.5.4 Obstruction. Posts, fences, vehicles, growth, trash. storage and other materials or objects shall not bc placed or kcpt near firc hydrants, fire department inlct conncctions or fire protection system control valves in amanner that would prevent such equipmcnt or fire hydrants from being inlmcdiately discernible. The fire department shall not be detcrrcd or hindercd from gaining ilnmediate access ro fire protcction equipment or fire hydrants.
508.2.1 Private Are servicc mains. Private fire service mains and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24.
508.5.5 Clear space around hydrants. A 3-foot (914 mnl) clear space shall be maintained a ~ o u n dtllc circumfcrencc of fire hydrants except as otherwise rcquircd or approved.
capable of supplying thc required fire flow for fire protcction shall bc provided to premises upon Ivhich facilities, buildings or portions of buildings arc hereafter constructccl or moved into or within the jurisdiction.
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508.5.6 Physical protection. Whcrc firc hydrants are subjcct to impact by a motor vehiclc, guard posts or other approved means shall comply with Section 31 2.
SECTION 509 FlRE COMMAND CENTER 509.1 Features. Whcre required by other sections of this code and in all buildings classificd as high-rise buildings by the Inte~.rrtrtiotlalBztildir7.g Code, a fire command center for fire department operations shall be provided. The location and ;~cccssibilityof thc fire command center shall be approved by thc fire dcpartmcnt. The fire command center shall be separated from thc remainder of the building by not less than a 1hour firc barrier constructed in accordance with Section 706 of thc Irltenz~~tioncrl Builrlir~gCode or horizontal asscmbly constructed in accordancc with Section 71 1 of the Iiztentutionul R~lildingCode, or both. The room shall be a minimum of 96 square fect (9 ~n')with a nlinimu~ndimension of 8 feet (2438 nini). A layout of the tire cornmand center and all features required by this scction to be contained therein shall be subniittcd for approval prior to installation. The fire command centcr shall con~plywith NFPA 72 and shall contain the following features:
SECTION 510 FIRE DEPARTMSNT ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT 510.1 Identification. Fire protection ecluip~nentshall he idcntified in an approved manner. Rooms containing controls for air-conditioning systems. sprinkler risers and valves, or other firc detection, suppression or control elerncnts shall be idcntified for the use of the fire department. Approved signs rccluircd to identify tire protection equipment and equipment location, shall bc constructed of durable materials, permanently installed and readily visible.
1. Thc emergency voice/alarm communication system unil. 2. The fire departnient communications system.
3. Firc-detection and alarm system annunciator system. 4. Annunciator visually indicating the location of the clevxtors and whether thcy are operational.
5. Status indicators andcontrols for air-handling systems.
6. The fire-fightcr's control panel required by Section 909.16 for smolie control systc~usinstalled in the building. 7. Controls for in locking stairway doors simultaneously.
8. Sprinkler valve and water-flow detector display panels. 9. Emergency and standby power status indicators.
10. A tcleplionc for firc department use with controlled access to thc public telephone sy5tem.
1 1. Fire pump status indicators. 12. Schematic building plans indica~ingthe typical floor plan and detailing thc bullding corc, mcans of cgrcss, fire protectio~isystems, fire-fighting ecluipnient and tirc depart~iientaccess. 13. Work table. 14. Generator s u p c ~ i s i o ndevices. manual start and transfcr fcaturcs. 15. Public addrcss system, where specifically required by othcr sections of this codc. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
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BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS SECTION 601 GENERAL 601.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the installation. operation and maintenance of fuel-fired applianccs and heating systems. emergency and standby power system!;, clectrical systems and equipment. mechanical refrigeration syslems, elevator recall, stationary storagebatlery systclns and commercial kitchen hoods. 601.2 Permits. Perrnits shall be obtained for refrigeration systems and battery systerris as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7. SECTION 602 DEFlNlTlONS 602.1 Definitions. Thc fo!lowing words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as uscd elsewhere in this code, havc thc meanings shown herein. BATTERY SYSTEM, S'TATIONARY LEAD ACID. A system which consists of three interconnected subsystems: 2. A battery charger.
3. A collection of rectifiers, inverters. converters, and associated elcctrlcal equipment as requireti for a particular application.
BATTERY TYPES Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. An alkaline storage battery in which thcpositivc active material is 11ic1,eloxide, the ~iegativccontai~lscadruiuni and the electrolyte is potassium hydr-oxide. Nonrecombinant battery. A storagc battery in which. under conditions of nonnal use, hydrogen and oxygen gasses created by elcclrolysis are vented into the air outside of the battery. Recombinant battery. A storage battery in which, under conditions of normal use, hydrogen and oxygen gases created by electrolysis are convcrted back into water inside the battery instcadof venting into the air outside of the battery.
I
Stationary storage battery. A yr-oup of electrochemical cells interconnected to supply a nominal voltage of DC power to a suitably connected electrical load, designed for service in a pcrrnanent location. The number of cells conc s nominal voltage rating of nected in a scrics d e t c n n i ~ ~ the the battery. The size of thc cells detcrnmincs thc discharge capacity of the entire battery. After discharge. it may be rcstorcd to a fully charged cvrldition by an electric current flowing in a direction opposite to the flow of current when the baitcry is discharged. Vdlvc-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery. A lead-acid battery consisting of scaledcells furnished with a valve that 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
opens to vent the battery whenever the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the ambient pressure by a scl ~lmount.In VREA batterier. the liquid electrolyte in the cells is immobilized in an absorptive glass mat (AGM cells or batteries) or by the addition of a gelling agent (gel cells or gelled balteries).
Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery consisting of cells that have electrodes immer-sed in liquid electrolyte. Flooded lead-acid batteries havc a provision for the user to add water to the cell and are cquipped with a flame-arresting vent which permits the escape of hydrogel1 and oxygen gas from the cell in a diffused manner sucli that a spark, or other ignition source, outsidc thc cell will not ignite thc gases inside the ccll.
[MI CON[ME:RClAL COOKING APP1,IANCE:S. Appliances used in a commercial food senrice cstablishmcnt foxheating or cooking food and which produce grease vapors, steam, fumes, smoke or odors that are required to be I-erilovcd through a local exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances includc dcep fat fryers; upright broilers; griddles; broilers; steam-jacketed kettles; hot-top ranges; undcr-fired broilers (charbroilers); ovens; barbecues; rotisseries; and similar appliances. For the purpose of this definition, a food service establishment shall include any building or aportion thereof wed for the preparation and serving of food.
[MI HOOD. An air-intake device used to capture by entrapment, impingement, adhesion or similar means, grcase and similar contaminants before they cntcr a duct system. Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing grcasc vapors and smoke. REFRIGERANT. The fluid uaed for heat transfer in a refrigerating system; the rcfrigerant absorbs heal and transfers it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usually with a change of state. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A combination of interco~l~icctcdrefr~gerant-contain~ng parts constituting onc closcd rcfrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting heat. SECTION 603 FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES 603.1 Installation. The installation of nonportable fuel gas Atel appliances and systems shall corr~plythc Ir~re~nilrio~lcil &IS Code. The installation of all other fuel-fired appliances, other than ilirernal combustion engines, oil lamps and portablc devices such as blow torches. inelting pots and weed h~~rners, shall comply with this section and the Infert~ntio?iulMc~cl~n?zictll Cork..
603.1.1 Manufacturer's instructions. The installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and applicnhle fedcral, stare, and local rulcs and 45
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
regulations. Whcrc itbccomes ncccssary to change, modify, or altcr a manufacturer's instructions in any way, written approval shall first be obtaincd from the manufacturer. 603.1.2 Approval. The dcsign, construction and installalion of fuel-fired appliances shall be in accordance with the I~~ren~utiorirrl file1 Gas Code and the Irttc,nrntionnl Mcc~hanictrlCode. 603.1.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment uscd in connection with oil-burning ecluipmcnt shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section 605 and the ICC Electrical Code. 603.1.4 Fuel oil. The grade of fuel oil used in a burner shall bc that for which thc burner is approved and as stipulated by the burner manufacturer. Oil containing gasoline shall not be uscd. Waste crankcase oil shall be an acceptable fuel in Group F, M and S occupancies, whcn utilized in ecluipmcnt listed for use with waste oil and when such cquipment is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the terms of its listing. 603.1.5 Access. The installation shall be rcadily accessible for clcaning hot surfaces; I-e~novingburners: replacing motors, controls, air filters. chimney connectors, draft regulators, and othcr working parts; and for adjusting, cleaning and lubricating parts. 603.1.6 'resting, diagrams and instructions. After installation of thc oil-burning ccluipment, operation and co~nbustion perfor~nancctests shall be conducted to determine that the burner is in proper operating condition and that all accessory equipment, controls, and safcty devices filnction properly. 603.1.6.1 Diagrams. Contractors installing industrial oil-burning systems shall furnish not less than two copies of diagrams showing the main oil lines and controlling valvcs, one copy of which shall be posted at the oil-burning equipment and another at an approved location that will be acccssible in case of emergency. 603.1.6.2 Instructions. After completing thc installation, the installer shall instruct the owner or opcrator in the proper operation of the equipment. The installer shall also furnish the ownel- or operator with the name and telephone numbcr of persons to contact for technical information or assistance and routine or emergency services. 603.1.7 Clearances. Working clearances between oil-fired applianccs and electrical panclboardb and equipmcnt shall be in accordance with the ICC Electrical Code. Clearances betwcen oil-fired equiprncnt and oil supply tanks shall bc in accordancc with NFPA 3 1 .
tcms shall he installed in accordance with the Irtr~nluriorzrzl Merlinrr icnl Code.
603.3.1 Maximum outside fuel oil storage above ground. Where connected to a f~~el-oil piping system, the ~rraxirnun~ amount of fuel oil storage allowcd oulsidc abovc ground without additional protection shall be 660 gallons (2498 L). The storage of fuel oil abovc ground in quantities cxcecding 660 gallons (2498 L) shall comply with NFPA 31. 603.3.2 Maximum inside fuel oil storage. Wherc connected to a fuel-oil piping systenl, the maximum amount of fuel oil storagc allowed inside any building shall be 660 gallons (2498 L). Where the amount of fuel oil stored inside a building exceeds 660 gallons (2498 L). the storagc arca shall be in comphance with the I~~ter~~atiorrul Brlildirzg Code. 603.3.3 Underground storage of fuel oil. The storage of fuel oil in underground storage tanks shall comply with NFPA 31. 603.4 Portable unvented heaters. Portablc urivcnted fuel-fired heating equipment shall be prohibitcd in occupancies In Groups A, E, I. K-I, R-2. R-3 and R-3. Exception: Listed and approvcd unvented f~~el-fircd heatcrs in one- and two-family dwellings. 603.4.1 Prohibited locations. Unvented fuel-tircd hcating cquip~nentshall not be Iocatcd in, or obtain con~busdonair from, any of thc following rooms or spaces: slceping rooms, bathrooms. toilet rooms or storagc closets. 603.5 Heating appliances. Heating appliances shall be listcd and shall comply with this section. 603.5.1 Guard against contact. The hcating cle~ncntor combustion chamber shall be permanently guarded so as to prevent accidental contact by persons or m'ltcrial. 603.5.2 Heating appliance installation and maintenance. Heating applianccs shall be installed and maintained in 1 accordance with the manufacturer's ~nstructions,the Ir7fcrrzutio~zul B~iildi~lgCode, the hiternatiortczl M P ( . ~ U (11 III( Code. the I17rentntio~zal Fuel Gas Code .~ndthe ICC Elec rrical Code. 603.6 Chimneys and appliances. Chimneys, incinerators, smokestacks or similar devices for conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, furnaces, fireboxes or boilers to which such devices are connected. shall be maintained so as not to create a fire hazard.
[B, M, FG] 603.2 Chimneys. Masonly chimncps shall bc constr~wtcdin accordancc w1tl.1thc Intcrr~crrionalUuildrr~gC17rlc. Factory-built chimneys shall be inqtallcd in accordance with the Ozrernnrio~ralMecharzical Code. Mctal chimneys shall be constructed and installcd in accordance with NFPA 21 1 .
603.6.1 Masonry chimneys. Masonry chimncys that. upon inspection, are found to be cvithout a flue lincr and that have open mortar joints which will permit smoke or gases to bed as to be dangcrous, shall be rcpaircd or relined with a listed chirnnc discharged into the building, or which arc crackey accordancc with the manufacturc~.'~ liner system installcdi~~ installation instructions or n fluc lining system installed in accordance w ~ t hrhc requircrnents of the Itlter./zr~fior~al B~cildirrgCode and appropriate f o ~thc ~ntcndedclass of chimney servicc.
603.3 Fuel oil storage systems. Fuel oil storagc systcms shall bc installed in accordance with this code. Fuel oil piping sys-
603.6.2 Metal chimneys. Mctal chimncys which arc corroded or improperly supported shall be rcpaircd or rcplaced. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
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603.6.3 Decorative shrouds. Dccorative shrouds installed at thc tennination of factory-built chimneys shall be rcmoved except wherc such shrouds arc listcd and labelcd for usc with the specific factory-built chimney system and are installed in accordance with the chimney manufacturer's installation instnictions. 603.6.4 Factory-hoilt chimneys. Existing factory-built chirnncys that dre damaged, corroded or imp~wperlysupported shall be repaired or replaccd. 603.6.5 Connectors. Exicting chimney andvent connectors that are damaged, corroded or improperly slipported shall be rcpai~eclor replaced. 603.7 Discontinuing operation of unsafe heating appliances. The fire code official is authorized to order that measures be taken to prevent the operation of any existing stove, e, boiler or any othcr heat-producing oven, f ~ ~ r n a cincinerator, devicc or appliance found to be defective or in violation oFcode requirements for cxisting appliances after giving notice to this effect to any person. owner, firm or agent or operator in charge of the same. The fire code official is authorized to take Ineasurcs to prcvcnt the ope]-ation of any device or appliance without notice when inspection shows the existence of an ininiediatc firc hazard or when imperiling human life. The withdrawn from service until all defective dcvice shall re~~rain necessary repairs or alterations have been made. 603.7.1 Unauthorized operation. It shall be a violation of this code for any per-sorl,user, firm or agcnt to continue the utilization of any device or appliance (the operaiion of which has bcen discontinued or ordered discontinued in ;~ccordancewith Scction 603.7). unless written authority to resume operation is give11 by the fire code official. Removing or brcaking the means by which opcration of the device is prevented shall b e a viol;ition of this code. 603.8 Incinerators. Commercial, ~ndustrial and rccidential-type incinerators and chimneys shall be constructed in ~ ~ the Irztemtraccordance with the httenxiriotznl B ~ l i l d i rCode, tiofla1Fuel Gas Code and theItzfernatic~riulMecIzanicc~i Code. 603.8.1 Residential incinerators. Residential incinerators shall he of ;m approved typc. 603.8.2 Spark arrestor. Incinerators shall be equipped with an effective means for arresting sparks. 603.8.3 Restrictions. Where thc fire code official detcrnines that burning in incinerators located within 500 feet (152 111) of mountainous, brush or grass-covered areas will crcatc an undue fire hazard because of atmospheric conditions, such burning shall be prohibited.
plying with Section 312 or othe~wiscpl-otcctcd in an approved manner.
SECTION 604 EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS 604.1 Installation. Emcrgcncy and standby powcr systems required by this code or the filternational Builrlirig Code shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFP4 1 10 and NFPA 111. Existing installations shall he maintained in accordancc with the original approval.
604.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency and standby power generators rcquired by this code shall be listcd in accordance with UL 2200. 604.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power systems shall be protided where required by Sect~ons604.2.1 through 604.2.19.4. 604.2.1 Group A occupancies. Emergency power shall be provided for emergency voicc/alarm communication systems in Group A oc.cupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.1 2.2. 604.2.2 Smoke control systems. Standby powcr shall be providedfor smolcc control systcms in accordance with Scction 909.1 1. 604.2.3 Exit signs. Emergency powcr shall bc provided for exit signs in accordance with Sect~on101 1.5.3 604.2.4 Means of cgrcss illumination. Emergency powcr shall be provided for mean5 of egress illuminaiion in accordance with Section 1006.3. 604.2.5 Accessible means of egress elevators. Standby powcr shall be provided for elevators that at-c part of an accessible means of cgrcss in accordance with Section 1007.4. 604.2.6 Accessible lncans of egress platform lifts. Standby power in accordance with this section or ASME A18.1 shall be provided for platfonn lifts that arc part of an accessible means of egress in accordance with Scction 1007.5. 604.2.7 Horizontal sliding doors. Standby power shall bc provided for horizontal sliding doors in accorciancc with Section 1008. I .3.3.
604.2.8 Senliconductor fabrication facilities. Emergency power shall be providcd for semiconductor fabrication facilities in accordance with Section 1803.15. 604.2.9 Membrane structures. Emerpcncy power shall be provided for exit signs in temporary tcnts and mcmbrane stizlcturec In accordance with Section 2403.12.6.1. Standby power shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in pelmanent membrane structures In accordancc w ~ t hthc hztet~nutioiiulBuilcii~lgCode.
603.8.4 Time of burning. Burning shall take place only during approved hours. 603.8.5 Discontinuance. The fire code official is authorized to require incinerator usc to be discoutinued immediately if the fire code official determines that smoke emissions arc offensive to occuparlts of surrounding propr d the fire erty or if the use of incinerators is d c t c r m i ~ ~ by code official to constitute a hazardous condition.
604.2.10 Hazardous materials. Emergency or standby power shall be provided in occupancics with hazardous materials in accordance with Sections 2704.7 and 2705.1.5.
603.9 Gas meters. Abovc-ground gas inete~.~, regulators and piping subjcct to dnrnagc shall be protected by a barrier coin-
604.2.11 Iiighly toxic and toxic materials. Emergency power shall be provided for occupancics with highly toxic
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or toxic materials in accordance with Scctions 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.3.6.
604.2.12 Organic peroxides. Standby power shall be providcd for occupancies with organic peroxides in accordance with Scction 3903.1 .I 1. 604.2.13 Pyrophoric materials. Emergency power shall bc provided for occupancies with silanc gas in accordar~cewith Sections 4 106.2.3 and 41 06.4.3. 604.2.14 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) shall be provided with standby power systems which are capable of operating the cnlei-gency voicelalarm communication. 604.2.15 Iligh-rise buildings. Standby powcr, light and cmcrgency systcms in high-rise buildings shall comply with thc rcquircments of Sections 604.2.15.1 through 604.2.1 5.3. 604.2.15.1 Standby power. A standby power system shall be provided. Whcre the standby system is a generator set inside a building, the system shall be located i n a scparate room enclosed with 2-hour fire barriers or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with the Iizterizutioi~c~l Building Code, or both. System supervision with manual start and transfer features shall bc providcd at the fire command center. 604.2.15.1.1 Fuel supply. An on-premises fuel supply, sufficient for not less than 2-hour full-demand operation of the system, shall bc provided.
Exception: When approved, the system shall be allowed lo be supplied by natural gas pipelines.
604.2.15.3 Emergency systems. Exit signs. exit illumination as required by Chapter 10, and clevator car lighting are classified as emcrgency systems and shall operate within 10 seconds of failurc of the normal power supply and shall be capable of being transferred to the standby source.
Exception: Exit sign, exit ant1 means of egrcss illumination are permitted to be powered by a standby source in buildings of Group F and S occupancies. 604.2.16 Underground buildings. Emergency and standby power systems in underground buildings covered in Chaptcr 4 of the Irtter~~c~tioncll Ruildii~,~ Cock. shall comply with Sections 604.2.16.1 and 604.2.16.2. 604.2.16.1 Standby power. A standby power system complying with the ICC Electrical Codc chall be pro~ i d e dfor standby power loads as specified in Scct~on 604.2.16.1.1.
[B] 604.2.16.1.1 Standby power luads. Thc following loads are classified as standby powcr loads: I. Smoke control system. 2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection cquipment for smokcproof cnclosurcs. 3. Fire pumps. 4. Standby powcr shall be provided for clcvators in accordance with Scction 3003 of thc hzterizutiorzal Buildirlg Code.
[B] 604.2.16.1.2 Pickup time. The standby powel. system shall pick up its connectcd loads within 60 seconds of failure of thc normal powcr supply.
604.2.15.1~.2Capacity. The standby system shall havc ;I capacity and rating that supplies all equipment rcquired to be operational at the same time. The generating capacity is not required to be sized to opcrate all of the connectcd electrical equipment simultaneousl y.
604.2.16.2 Emergency powcr. An cmcrgcncy powcr system complyi~igwith the ICC Electri~ulCode>shall hc provided for enlergency powcr loads as specified in Section 604.2.15.2. I .
604.2.15.1.3 Connected facilities. Power and lighting facilities for thc firc command center and elevators specified in Scctions 403.8 and 403.9 of the /nteri~utiorzalB~lildi~zg Code, as applicablc, and electrically powered firc pumps requircd to maintain prcssure. shall be transferable to the standby source. Standby power shall be provided for at least one elevator to servc all floors and be transferable to any elevator
I . Ernergcncy voicclalarm communication systerns.
604.2.15.2 Separate circuits and luminaires. Separate l~ghtingcircuits and luminaires shall be required to provide suffic~cnLlight with an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candlc (1 1 lux) measurcd at floor level in all means of egress corridors, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, clevator cars and lobbies. and other areas that arc clearly a part of thc escape route. 604.2.15.2.1 Other circuits. Circuits supplying lighting for the firc command center and mechanical cquipmcnt rooms shall be transferable to the standby source.
604.2.16.2.1 Emergency power loads. Thc following loads arc classified as cmcrgcncy powcr loads:
2. Fire alarm systems.
3. Automatic fire detection systems 4. Elcvator car lighting.
5. Means of egress lighting and cxit sign illumination as required by Chapter 10. 604.2.17 Group 1-3 occupancies. Powcr-operated slidins doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in Group 1-3 occupancies shall be operablc by a manual release ~nechanlsm at the door. and either emcrgency power or a remotc mechanical operating release shall be provided.
Exception: Emergency powcr is not required in facllitics where provisions for remote loclcing and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required as set forth rn the /rztenluriorlc~lB~lrltlingC'ocle. 604.2.18 Airport trafficcontrol towers. A standby powcr system shall be provided in airport traffic control towers 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height. Power shall be provided to the following equipment:
1. Pressurization equipment, mechanical equipment and lighting.
2. Elevator operating equipment. 3. Fire alarm and smoke detection systems.
604.2.19 Elevators. In buildings artd structures where standby power is required or furnished to operate an elevator, the operation shall be in accordance with Sections 604.2.19.1 through 604.2.19.4. 604.2.19.1 Manual transfer. Standbj power shall be mannally transferable to all elevators in cach bank. 604.2.19.2 One elevator. Where only one elevator i\ installed, the elevator shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failurc of normal power. 604.2.19.3 Two or more elcvators. Where two or more elevators are controlled by a common operating system, all elevators shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failure of norrr~alpowcr where the standby power source is of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same time. Wherc the standby power source is not of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same timc, all elevators shall transfer to standby power in xquence. return to the designatcd landing and disconnect from the standby power source. After all elevators have been returned to the designatcd Icvel, at least one elevator shall remain operable from the standby power source. 604.2.19.4 Venting. Where btar~dbypower i q connected to elevators, the machine room ventilation or air conditioning shall be connected to the standby power source.
I
604.3 Maintenance. Emel-gcr~cyand standby power systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 1 I 1 such that the system is capable of suppl ying service with~n the trnle specified for the type and duration required. 604.3.1 Schedule. Inspection, tcqting and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall be in accordance with an approved schedule established upon co~nplction and approval of the syste~ninstallation. 604.3.2 Written record. Written records of the inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby powcr systems shall include thc date of service. name of the sen1icing technician, a suninlaly of conditio~~s noted and a detailed description of any conditions requiring correction and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be kept on the premises scrvcd by the emergency or standby power system and be available for Inspection by the fire code official. 604.3.3 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby powcl- system transfer switches shall be included in the inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by Section 604.3.1. Transfer switchcs shall be niaintaincd frce from accu~nulateddust and dirt. inspeclion shall include examinatio~~ of the transfcr switch contacts for evidence of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE'
deterioration. When evidence of contact detcrio~.~ltion is detected. the contacts shall be replaced in accordartce with the transfer switch manufacturer's instructions. 604.4 Operationalinspection and testing. Emergency power systems, including all appurtenant components shall be inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA I I0 and NFPA 1 1 1 . Exception: Where the emergency power system is used for standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall bc recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for scheduled testing of rhe generator set, provided that appropriate records are maintained. 604.4.1 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch shall consist of electrically operaling the tranbfer switch from the normal position to the alternate position and then return to the normal position. 604.5 Supervision of ~~iaintenance and testing. Kouti~re maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be overseen by a properly instructed individual.
SECTION 605 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, WIRING AND HAZARDS 605.1 Abatement of elcctrical hazards. Identified electrical hazards shall be abated. Identified hazardous electrical conditions in permanent wiring shall be brought to tlic attention of the code official responsible for enforcement of the ICC Electrictzl Code. Electricd wiring, dcvices, appliances and other equipment that is modified or damaged and constitutes an electrical shock or I'ii-e hazard shall not be used. 605.2 Illumination. Illu~ninativrishall be provided for service equipment areas. motor control ccnters and clcctrical panelboards. 605.3 Working space and clearance. A working space of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (9 14 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1081 mm) in height shall bc provided in front of electrical service equipment. Whcrc the elcctl.ica1 service eqnipment is wider than 30 inchcs (762 mm), the working space shall not be less than the width of the ecluipmcnt. No storage of any materials shall be located within the designated wol-king space. Exceptions: I . Where other dimensions arc rcquircd or allowed by the ICC Electrical Cocle.
2. Access openings into attics or under-floor areas ~ ~ nopcning of 22 i ~ ~ c h e s which provide a n l i ~ l i m ~clear (559 mm) by 30 inches (762 ~ n m ) . 605.3.1 Labeling. Doors into electrical control pallel rooms shall be marked with a plainly visible and lcgible sign stating ELECTRICA12 ROOM or similar approvcd wording. The disconnecli~lgmeans for each service, feeder or branch circuit originating on a switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and durably marked to indicate its purpose unless such purpose is clear1y evident.
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
605.4 Mnltiplug adapters. Multiplug adapters, such as cube adapters, ~rnfuscdplug strips 01. any other device not complying with the ICC Elecr~.icalCode shall he prohibited.
605.10 Portable, electric space heaters. Portable, electric spacc heaters shall comply with Sections 60.5.10.1 through 605.10.4.
605.4.1 Power tap design. Relocatable power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded type, equipped with ovcrcurrent protection, and shall be listed in accordance with UL 1363.
605.10.1 Listed and labeled. Only listed and labcled portable, electric space heaters shall be used.
605.4.2 Power supply. Relocatable power taps shall be directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.
605.10.3 Extension cords. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be plugged into extension cords.
605.4.3 Installation. Relocatable power tap cords shall not cxlcnd through walls, ceilings, floors. under doors or floor coverings, or be subject to environmental or physical damage.
605.10.4 Prohibited areas. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mni) of any combustible materials. Portable, elcctric spacc heaters shall he operated only in locations for which they are listed.
605.5 Extension cords. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures. extended through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor coverings, nor shall such cords be s~tbjectto environmental damage or physical impact. Extension cords shall be used only with portable appliances.
SEGTION 606 MEGHANIGAL REFRIGERATION [PI] 606.2 Scope. Refrigeration systems shall be installcd in Ccxle. accordance with the lizreri~utionulMech~zt~icnl
605.5.1 Powcr supply. Extension cords shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle. power tap or luultiplug adapter and, except for approved n~ultiplugextension cords, shall servc only one portable appliance. 605.5.2 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall not be less than the rated capacity ofthe portable appliance supplied by thc cord. 605.5.3 Maintenance. Extension cords shall be maintained in good condit~onwithout splices, deterioration or darnagc. 605.5.4 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when serving groundcd portable appliances. 605.6 llnapproved conditions. Open junction boxes and open-wiring iplices shall be prohibited. App~ovedcovers shall bc provided for all switch and electrical outlet boxes. 605.7 Appliances. Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be tested and listed in published reports of inspected electrical equipment by an approved agency and installcd and maintained in accordance with all instl-uctions included as part of such listing. 605.8 Electrical motors. Electrical motors shall be maintained free from excessive accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and debris. 605.9 Temporary wiring. Temporary wiring for electrical power and l~ghtinginstallations is nllowcd for a period not to cxcced 90 days. Temporary wiring methods shall meet the applicable provisions of the ICC Elertrir.cr1 Codc. Exception: Tempora~-y wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of construction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, ccluipment or similar activities. 605.9.1 Attacl~mcnt to structures. Temporary wiring at~aclicdto a structure shall be attached in an approved rnanner.
605.10.2 Powcr supply. Portahle, electric space heaters shall bc plugged directly into an approved receptacle.
[MI 606.2 Refrigerants. The use and purity of new, recovered. and reclaimed refrigerants shall be in accordance with the Intcrrzariorzal Mechanical Code. [MI 606.3 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with the Intc~rrzutioizulMecl~trtlic~zl Code.
[MI 606.4 Change in refrigerant type. A changc in the type of refrigerant in a refrigeration system shall be in accorda~lcewith the Interr~ationalMeclzcrr~icnlCode. 606.5 Access. Refrigeration systems having a reli-igemnl circuit containing more than 720 pounds ( 1 00 kg) of Group A I or 30 pounds (13 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be accessible to the fire department at all times as required by the fire code official. 606.6 Testing of equipment. Refrigeration equipment and systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (I 4 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be subject to periodic testing in accordance with Section 606.6.1. A written record of required testing shall be maintained on the premises. Tests of emergency devices or systems required by this chapter shall be conducted by persons trained and qualified in refrigeration systems. 606.6.1 Periodic testing. The following emergency tievicec or systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructiorls and as recluired by the firc code official. 1. Treatment and flaring systems. 2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation
of emergency refrigeration control boxes. 3. Fans and associated ecluipment intcndcd to opcratc emergency ventilation systems. 4. Detection and alarm S ~ S ~ C I I I S .
606.7 Emergency signs. Refrigeration units or systems having a refrigerant cii.cuit containing inore than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigcr2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
ant shall bc provided with approvcd cmergcncy signs, charts, and labels in accordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be Mcdzur~iculCode for the in accordancc with the lrzterr~arior~ul classification of refrigerants listed therein
606.8 Refrigerant detector. Machincry roolns shall contain a refrigerant c1etccto1-with an audible and ~ ~ i s u alarm. al The detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector; shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concentrate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding TLV-TWA valucs shown in thc Intenlationul Mccl~articalCotlc for the refrigerant classification. Detectors and alarms shall be placed in approved locations.
* 606.9 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical
equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided at an approvcd location itnrnediately outside the machincry room and adjaccnt to its principal entrance.
606.9.1 Refrigeration system. A clear1y identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control of electrically energized equipment and appliances in the inachinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and machincry room ventilation.
I
Exception: In machinety roolns whcrc only nonflammal~lerefrigerants are used. electrical equipment and appliances, othcr than comprcssors, are not ~cquiredto be provided with a cut-off switch.
606.10.2.1 Operation of an automatic crossover valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valvc shall cause all compressors on the effected systcm to i~nmediately stop. Dcdicatcd pressure-sensing deviccs located immediately adjacent to crossover valvcs shall he pcrrnilted as a means for determining operation of a valve. To ensure that the automatic crossover valvc system provides a redundant means of stopping comprcssors in an overpressure condition, high-pressure cutout scnsors associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis for determining opcration of a crossover valve. 606.10.2.2 Overpressure in low-pressure zonc. Thc lowest pressure zone in a refi-igeration system shall bc providcd with a dcdicatcd means of deter~nininga rise in systeln pressure to within 15 psi (103.4 kPa) of the setpoint for clnergency pressure-rclief deviccs. Activation of the overpressure sensing device shall causc all compressors on the effected systcm toimmcdiately stop. 606.11 Storage, use and handling. Flarnm~tbleand combustible materials shall not bc stored in machincry roolns for refrigeration systcms having a refrigerant circuit containing inorc than 220 pounds (' 100 kg) of Group A l (31- 30 pounds ( 14 kgj of any other group refrigerant. Storage. use or handling of extra refrigerant or refrigerant oils shall bc as requircd hy Chapters 27. 30.32 and 34.
606.9.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machincrv room ventilation fans.
Exception: This provision shall not apply to spare parts. tools, and incidental materials necessary for thc safc and proper opcration and maintenance of the systcm.
606.10 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds ( 3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emcrgency pressure control system in accordance with Scctions 606.10.1 and 606.10.2.
606.12 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems for refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of fla~nmablc.toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall be providcd with an approved discharge system as required by Sections 606.1 2. I, 606.12.2 and 606.12.3. Discharge piping and devices connected to the discharge sidc of a fusible plug or rupture membcr shall have provisions to prevent plugging the pipe in the event of the fusible plug or rupture mcmber functions.
606.10.1 Automatic crossover valves. Each high- and intermediate-pressureire zonc in a refrigeration systcm shall be provided with a single automatic valve providing a crossover connection to B lower pressure zone. Automatic crossover valvcs shall co~nplywith Sections 606.10.1.1 through 606.10.1.3.
606.10.1.2 Manual operation. When required by the firc code official, automatic crossover valves shall bc capable of manual oper ;I t'ion.
606.12.1 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density equal to or greatcr than the density of air shall discharge vapor to the at111osphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a tlaring systc~n in accordance with Section 606.12.5. Systcms containing flaln~nablcrefrigerants having a density less than the dcnsity of air shall be permitted to discharge vapor to the atmosphere providcd that thc point of dischargc is located outside of the structure at not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 rnm) from any window, ventilation opening or cxit.
606.10.1.3 System design pressure. Refiigcration systcnl zoncs that a1e c~nnectedto a higher prcssurc zone hy an automatic crossover valve shall bc designed to safely contam thc maximum pressurc that can be achieved by interconnection of thc two zones.
606.12.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systcn~s containing toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall dischargc vapor to the atrnospherc only through an approved trcatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a ilaring systcm in accordancc with Scction 606.12.5.
606.10.1.1 Overpressure limit setpoint. Autonratic crossover valvcs shall be arranged to automatically rcliew excesa system pressure to alowcr pressure zonc if the pressurc in a high- or intermediate-pres~ure7onc rises to w ~ t h ~15 n psi (108.4 kPa) of the set p o ~ n tfor cmergcncy prcssul-e-relief dcvices.
606.10.2 Automatic enlergency stop. An a~~tomatic emergcncy stop feature shall be providcd In accordance with Scctions 606.10.2.1 and 606.10.2.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
606.12.3 Ammonia refrigerant. Systcms containing ammonia refrigerant shall dischargc vapor to the atmosphere through an approved treatment systcm in accordancc
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
with Section 006.11.4, a f1;iring system in accordancc with Section 606.1 2.5, or through an approved ammonia diffuslon systcm in accordancc with Section 606.12.6, or by other approved means.
Exceptions: 1. Ammonialwater absorption systems containing less than 22 pounds (10 kg) of ammonia and for which the a~nnloniacircuit is located cntirely outdoors.
2. When the fire code official determines. on review of an engineering analysis prepared In accordance with Section 104.7.2, that a fire. health or environmental hazard would not rcsult from discharg~ng ammonia direct1y to the atmosphere.
606.12.4 Treatment systems. Treatmcnt systems shall be designed to reduce the allowable discharge concentration of the refrigerant gas to not more than 50 percent of the IDLH at the point of exhaust. Treatment systenls shall be in accordance with Chapter 37. 606.12.5 Flaring systems. Flaring systenls for incineration refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate the of tla~n~nable cntire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be designed to prevent blowback, and shall not expose structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to operate for onc and one-half the required time for complete incineration of refrigerant in the system. 606.12.6 Ammonia diffusion systems. Ammonia diffusion systems shall include a tank containing 1 galloll of water for each pound of ammonia (4 L of water for each 1 kg of amnlonia) that will be released in 1 hour from the largcst relief device connected to the discharge pipe. The water shall be prevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from the pressure relief device shall distribute ammonia in the bottom of the tank, but no lower than 33 feet (1 0 058 mm) below the maximum liquid level. The tank shall contain the volume of water and ammol~iawithout ovcrflowing. 606.13 Dischargc location for refrigeration machinery room ventilation. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems serving refrigeration machincry rooms capablc of exceeding 25 perccnt of the LFL or 50 perccnt of the IDLH shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to I-educe the discharge concentrations of flammable, toxic or highly toxic ~xfrigerantsto those valucs or lower. 606.14 Notification of refrigerant discharges. The fire code official shall be notificd immediately when a discharge bccomes reportable under state, federal or local regulations in accordancc with Section 2703.3.1. 606.15 Records. A written record shall be kcpt of refrigerant quantities brought into and removed from the premises. Such records shall be available to thc firc code official. 606.16 Electrical equipment. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and 133, as defined in the Interrtutiotznl Mecl~ui~icul Code, arc used, refrigeration machinery rooms shall conform
to the Class I, Division 2 hazardous location clas5iiication requirements of thc ICC Electrical Cotle.
Exception: Animonia machinery rooms that arc provided with ventilation in accordancc with Section 1 106.3 of the !t~ter/zzatioi~nl Mechntlical Code. SECTION 607 ELEVATOR RECALL AND MAINTENANCE 607.1 Required. Existing elevators with a travel distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above or below the main floor or other level of a building and intended to serve the needs of emergcncy personnel for fire-fighting or rescue pu~poscsshall be provided with crnergency operat~onin accordance with ASME A17.3. New elevators shall be provided with Phase 1 erncrgency recall operation and Phace 11emergcncy in-car operat~on in accordance with ASME A17.1. [B] 607.2 Emergency signs. An approved pictorial sign of a standardized design shall be posted adjacent to each elevator call station on all floors instructing occupants to use thc exit stairways and not to use the clevators in case of firc. The sign shall read: IN FIRE EMERGENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVATOR. USE EXIT STAIRS. The emergcncy sign shall not be required for elevators that are part of an accessible means of egress complying with Section 1007.4. 607.3 Elevator keys. Keys for the elevatol- car doors and fire-fighter service kcys shall be kcpt in an approved location for i~nrnediatcuse by the fire department. SECTION 608 STATIONARY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS 608.1 Scope. Stationary storage battery systems having an electrolytecapacity of more than 5 0 gallons (1 89 L\ for flooded lead acid. nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) and valve-regulated lcad acid (VRLA), or 1,000 pounds (454 kg) for Iithium-ion. used for facility standby power, emergency powcr or unintermptcd power supplies, shall comply with this section and Table 608.1. 608.2 Safety caps. Safety caps for stationary storagc battery systcms shall co~nplywith Sections 608.2.1 and 608.2.2. 608.2.1 Nonrecombinant batteries. Vented lcad acid. nickel-cadmium or other types of nonrecombinant batteries shall be provided with safcty vcnting caps. 608.2.2 Reconlbinant batteries. VRLA battcrics shall bc equipped with self-rescaling flarnc-arresting safcty vents. 608.3 Thermal runaway. VRLA battery systenls shall be provided with a listed devicc or other approved method to preclude, detect and control thermal runaway. 608.4 Room design and construction. Enclosure of stationary battery systcms shall comply with the li~tet-rlatiotzulBuiltlirzg Code. Battery systcms shall be allowcd to bc in the s a ~ n e room with the cquipment they support. 608.4.1 Separate rooms. When stationary batteries arc installcd in a separate equipment room accessible only to authorized personnel. they shall be permitted to bc installed on an open rack for case of ~naintenance. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
BUlLDlNG SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
-----
TABLE 608.1 BATTERY REQUIREMENTS
-
I
-.
NONRECOMBINANTBATTERIES
RECOMB~NANTBA~ERIEs----I
.
i
REQUIREMENT
i
+ I
1
Safety caps -
I
Thermal runaway management -~
~~
-
~-
1I
-
j
-
Flooded Lead Acid Batteries ~
Venting caps (608.2.1) Not required
I
I
,1, 1
Seismic protection
Requi red (608.5.1) ~
Required (608.6.1 ;608.6.2)
j
Required (608.8) Required (608.9)
.
Slnohe dclcct~on
P-
1
i
1~
Required
I
1
I
11
- ---..- -
-
j
i
Venting caps (608.2.1)
-.
Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries I.- .-,
I
-Lithium-Ion .- - .
Self-resealing flame-arresting caps
i
.-
-
~.
i
;
Required I
1
/
Not required
I
1
Required
(608.5. I )
i-
(608.5.2)
Required (608.6.1;608.6.?)
1
Req~~ircd (608.6.I:608.6.2j -
I 1 I
I j
Reqnired (605 8 ) Required (608.9)
!
~
1 II
Required (608.8) Requircd
I
(608.9)
.
''
Not rcquired
+i
-
~
-
..L
) .
I
.-
.-
-.
.
--
Not required . .
.
-
-~ ~
J
I
-~
.
.
. -
i
Reyurled (608.9)
I
--
J
608.4.2 Occupied work centers. When a system of VRLA.
608.6 Ventilation. Ventilation of stationary storagc battery
lithiulii-ion, or other type of sealcd, nonventing batteries ia situated in an occupied work ccnter, it shall bc allowed to be housed in a noncombustible cabinet or other enclosure to prevent access by unauthorized personnel.
systems shall comply with Sections 608.6.1 and 608.6.2.
608.4.3 Cabinets. When stationary battcrics are contained in cabinets in occupicd work centers, the cabinct enclosures shall be located within I 0 fcet (3048 mni) of the equipment that they support.
608.5 Spill control and neutralization. An approved method
608.6.1 Room ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the 1r.irerrzc~rior~ul hfec:hrrlric.trlCode and the following:
1 . For flooded lead acid, flooded nicltcl-cadmium. and VRLA batteries, the ventilation system shall be designed to li~uitthe maxiiniim concentration of hydrogen to 1 percent of the total volu~neof thc room; or
and ~naterialsfor the control and neutralization of a spill of elcctrolyte shall be provided in areas containing Icad-acid, nickel-cadnliun~or other types of battcrics with frce-flowing liquid electrolyte. For purposcs of this paragraph, a "spill" is detincd as any unintentional release of electrolyte.
2. Continuous ventilation shall bc provided at a ratc of not lcss than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot 1 1 ft-'/miidft2 or 0.005 1 m3/(s . m2)J of floor area of the
Exception: VRLA,lithiuni-ion or other types of sealed bat-
Exccption: Lithium-ion battcrics shall no1 require venti-
teries with irnmobilized electrolyte shall not require spill control.
lation.
608.5.1 Nonreco~nbinantbattery neutralization.For battery systems containing lcad-acid, nickel-cadmiurn or ocher types of batteries with free-flowing electrolytc, the mcthod and materials shall be capable of neutl-alizing a spill from the largest lead-acid battery to a pH between 7.0 and 9.0.
608.5.2 Recoinbinant battery neutralization. For VRLA or other typcs of sealcd batterics with immobilized electrolyte, the method and rnaterial shall be capable of neutralizing a spill of 3 pcrccnt of the capacity of the largest VRLA cell or block in the room to a pll between 7.0 and 9.0.
Exception: Lithium-ion batteries shall not requirc neutralization. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE^
I
Required (6088) .
;
-
Not requircd
1
Required
I
L-
. - .
Not rcquired
1
i +
.
~-
/
I
4
Nn caps
Requird (608.3)
Nnt required
:
.- ~.~
~
Batteries . .
.~
i -. r-...-----.-----
+
1
Flooded Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries
rooni.
608.6.2 Cabinet ventilation. When VRLA batteries are installed inside a cabinet, the cabinct shall be approvcd for use in occupied spaccs and shall be mechanically or naturally vented by one of the following methods:
1 . The cabinet ventilation shall limit the maximum c o ~ i ccnlration of hydrogen to 1 percent of thc total voluinc of the cabinct during the worst-casc cvcnt of simultaneous "boost" charging of i l l the battcrics in the cabinet; or
2. When calculations are not available to substantiate the ventilation rate, cc)ntinuous ventilation shall bc provided at arate of not less than 1 cubic foot pel. minute per square foot [ I ft3/min/ft' o r 0.005 1 m3/(s . m?)1 53
BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS
of floor area covered by the cabinet. The room in which the cabinet is installed shall also b e ventilated as required in Scction 608.6.1.
608.7 Signage. Signs shall comply with Scctions 608.7. I and 608.7.2. 605.7.1 Equipment room and building signage. Doors into electrical equipment rooms or buildi~lgsconlaining stalionary battery systems shall be providcd with approved signs. The signs shall state that: 1. The rooin contains energized battery systems. 2. The room contains energized electl-ical circuits. 3. The battcry electrolyte solutions, where prcsent, are corrosive liquids. 608.7.2 Cabinet signage. Cabinets shall have extcrior labels [hat identify the manufacturer and model number of the system and electrical rating (voltage and current) of the contained baltery system. There shall bc signs within the cabinct that indicate the relevant electrical, chemical and ijrc hazards. 608.8 Seismicprc~tection.The battcry systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the 1rzter.natio~zulBuilding Code. 608.9 Smoke detection. An approved autonlatic smoke delection system shall be installed in accordance with Scction 907.2 in roolns containing stationary battery systems. .r)
SECTION 609 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS [MI 607.1 General. Commercial kitchen exhaust hoods shall comply with the requirements of the Irztcnzational Mecizatzical Code.
[MI 609.2 Where required. A Type 1 hood shall be installed at or above all commercial cooking appliances and domestic cookinp applia~lcesuscd for commercial purposes that produce grease vilpors.
2008 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 7
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION SECTION 701 GENERAL 701.1 Scope. Thc provisions of this chapter shall specify the requirerncnts for and the ~~lairltenance of fire-resistance-rated for enclosing floor openings construction and rcq~~irements and shafls in existing buildings. I<ew construction shall comply Buildirzg Code. with thc Ir?tcr.norin~~al SECTION 702 DEFlNlTlONS 702.1 Tern~sdefined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chaptcr and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascrihcd to thcm as defined therein. SECTION 703 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTlON 703.1 blaintcnance. The required fire-resistance rating of fire-resistance-raled construction (including walls, firestops, shaft enclosures. partitions, smoke barriers, floors, firc-resistive coatings a ~ i dsprayed fire-resistant ~i~aterials applied to structural ~nembersand fire-resistant joint systems) shall be maintained. Such elcments shall be propcrly repaired, restored or repl;~ccdwhen damaged, altered, breached or penetrated. Openings nmdc therein for the passagc of pipes, electrical conduit, wires, ducts. air tra~isfcropenings and holes made for any rcason shall bc protected with approved methods capable of resisting the passage of smoke and fire. Openings through fire-resistance-ratcd assemblies shall be protectcd by self- or automatic-closing doors of approved construction meeting the fire protection recluire~ncntsfor the assembly. 703.1.'1 Fireblocking and draftstopping. Required fircblocking and draftstoppins in combustible concealed spaces shall be maintained to provide continuity and intcgrity of the construction.
$
703.1.2 Smoke barriers. Required smoke barricrs shall be ~naintainedto prevent thc passage of smoke and all openings protected with approvcd smoke barrier doors or smoke danipers. 703.2 Opening protectives. Opening protectivcs shall bc maintai~icdin an operative condition in accordance with NFPA 80. Fil-e cloors and smokc barrier doors shall not be blocked or obstructed orotherwisc madc inoperable. Fusible links shall be replaccd pro~nptly whenever fused or damaged. Fire door assc~nbliesshall not be modificd. 703.2.1 Signs. Where rcqu~rcdby thc firc code oflic~al,a 5ign shall be pcrmancntly dlsplaycd on or near each firc door in lcttcrs not less t11'1n 1 inch (25 ~ n m high ) to read a5 follows: I. For doors designcd to be kcpt normally open: FIRE DOOR-DO NOT BLOCK. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2. For doors deslgned to bc kept normally closed: FIRE DOOR-KEEP CLOSED. 703.2.2 Ilold-open devices and closcrs. Hold-open devices and automatic door closcrs, wherc providcd, shall be maintained. During the pcriod that such dcvicc is out of service for repairs, the door it operates shall remain in thc closcd position. 703.2.3 Door operation. Swinging fire doors shall close from the full-open position and latch automatically. The door closer shall exert enough force to closc and latch the door from any partially open position. 703.3 Ceilings. The hanging and displaying of salablc goods and other decorative materials from acoustical ceiling systems that arc part of a fire-resistance-ratcd floor/cciling 01-I-oof/ceiIing assembly, shall be prohibited. 703.4 'resting. Horizontal and vcrticul sliding and rolling fire doors shall be inspccted and tested annually to confirm proper operation and full closure. A written record shall be maintained and be available to the fire code official.
SECTlON 704 FLOOR OPENINGS AND SHAFTS 704.1 Enclosure. Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and utility shafts. that connect two or more stories of a building shall bc enclosed or protected as specified in Table 704.1. 704.2 Opening protectives. When openings are rccluiled to bc protected, opening protcctives shall be maintaincd self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing ELISible-link-type a~ltonlaticdoor-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135 "F (57 "C).
FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION
TABLE 704.1 VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION REQUIRED OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
.cro!t~J~. ._
kl!.ot!l:!:thac
All, other than Group I .
LAll
.
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
--
-
-
All. other than Group I
A'1'
Other
than Groups
-1 Vertical openings co~mectingtwo or Inore sto~ies I j7ertical openillgs connecting s pries
--
~~~rot"ct1prequjrrd".~ 1-hour protection or automalic sprinkle]-s t h r o u ~ h o u t ~ . ~. i 6 ..
C~VC)
Vertical openings connecting more than five stories
I
-~
~ ? ~ ? Z E ~ E : O ~ P ~ ~ ~ C ~ O ' ~ L ~-..! % Atiiums and covered mall buildings
and
PROTECTION REQUIRED
I I -hour protection
-
Vertical openings connecting three to five stories
, .... - than Group I 1.' ~ 1 1other . -
I
CONDITIONS
Escalator openings connecting four or less stories in a sprinklered building Ope~iingsmust be protected b y a draft jctlrtain and closely spaccd sprinklers in accordance with
~~
1 I -hour p r ~ t e c t i o n " . ~ ~
...-p....
~
-
.-
_.-~L!I o
r o t rctionrequit-ed"" I-hour protection or alltomatic sprinklers /throughout - . . . .
-
--
-~
i
1/ N o protection required
l~scalatoropenings in a sprinkiered building protected by a ) /draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with INo protection required iNFPA 13 a. Vcrticnl opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies. opcning protcclion is not required for ope11parl\ing g w g e s and ramps.
ti. Vertical
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
CHAPTER 8
INTERlOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS SECTION 801 GENERAL 801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern interior finish, interior trirn, furniture, furnishings, decorative materials and decorati\;c vegetation in buildings. Section 803 shall bc applicahlc to existing buildings. Sections 804 through 808 shall be applicable to new and existing buildings.
803.1.2 Classification in accordance with NFPA 286. Interior wall or ceiling finishes, other than tcxtiles. shall be allowed to be tested in-accordance with NFPA 286. Finishes tested in accordancc withNFPA4286 shall conlply with Scction 803.1.2.1. Interior wall and ceiling tinish materials. other than textiles, tested in accordancc with hTFPA286 and meeting the 3cceptancc criteria of 803.1 .2,1, shall be allvwed to be used wherc a Class A classification in accordance with ASTM E 84 is required.
SECTION 802 DEFINITIONS 802.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
803.1.2.1 Acceptance criteria for interior finish materials tested to NFPA 286. During the 40 kW exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 1. During the 160 kW exposure, the interior iinish shall comply with ltem 2. During the entire test, the interior f i ~ ~ i sshall h comply with Item 3.
SECTION 803 lNTERlOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH AND TRIM IN EXISTING BUILDINGS 803.1 General. The provisions of this section shall limit the of interior allowable flame spread and smoke de\~elop~iicn~ wall and ceiling finishes and interior wall and ceiling trim in existing buildings based on location and occupancy classification. Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be classified in i~ccordancewith Scction 803 of tlic Intet.~zzctionulBuilding Code. Such materials shall bc groupcd in accordance with ASTM E 84, a\ indicated in Section 803.1.1,01- in accordance with NFPA 286, as indicatcd in Section 803.1.2. Exceptions: I. Materii~lshaving a thickness less than 0.036 inch (0.9 m ~ n applied ) directly to the surface of walls and ceilings.
2. Exposcd portions of structural members con~plying with the rcquii-emelits of buildings of Type IV construction in accol-dance with thc l~itenzarinnalRrrilrlill,. Code shall not be subject to interior finish rcauiremcnts.
,
803.1.1 Classification in accordance with ASTM E 84. Intcrior finish materials shall be grouped in the following classes in accordance with their flame spread and smoke-dcvcloped index when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
1. During thc 4 0 kW exposure, flames shall not spread to the cciling. 2. During the I60 kW exposure. the interior finish shall comply with the following: 2.1. Flame shall not sprcad to the outer extremity of the sample on any wall or ceiling. 2.2. Flashover, as dcfincd in NFPA 286. shall not occur. 3. The Lotal smoke released throughout the NFPA 286 test shall not exceed 1,000 ~u'. 803.2 Stability. Interior finish materials rcgulatcd by this chapter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that such materials will not readily become detached wherc subjcctcd to room tempcratures of 200°F (93°C) for not lcss than 30 minutes. 803.3 Interior finish requirements based on occupancy. Intcrior wall and ceiling finish shall have 3 fl;\mc spread index not greater than that specified in lhble 803.3 for the group and location designated. 803.4 Fire-retardant coatings. Thc required flan~cspl-cad or smoke-dcveloped index of surfaccs in existing buildings shall be allowed to be achicvcd by application of approvcd fire-retardant coatings, paints or solutions to surfaccs having n tlamc sprcad index exceeding that allowed. Such applications shall colnplv . * with NFPA 703 and the rcauircd fire-retardant .oroocrt ~ e sshall be maintained or renewed in accordancc with the manufacturer's instructions. a
Class A: flamc spread indcx 0-25; smoke-developed index 0-450. Class B: fla~rlespread index 26-75: smoke-developed index 0-450. Class C: t l a ~ n espread index 76-200; smoke-developed index 0-450.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
803.5 Textiles. Wherc used as intcsior wall or cciling finish materials, textiles, including- materials having- wovcn or nonwoven. napped. tuftcd, looped or similar sul.F~cc.shall comply with the requirements of this section.
INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATWE MATERIALS AND FURNlSHlNGS
TABLE 803.3 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCYk
1 Exit enclosures and
i
1
I
exit passageways" - . .... ..--T
!
Corridors . -.~L
Rooms and enclosed spacesc ..
/
'
Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa~' . J-.
I
Corridors ..........
.
Rooms and enclosed spacesc
I
R-2.
.. .
1
!
I
-
..
R.3
1
1
.
.....
......
1 .
....
-1
s
i
U
-
-
I
....
. . . . . . . . .
-
C
c c
-
.'-~..
i i
. . . . . . . . . . .
1
.
C
..
-1-I
c c
~-
I ...
}
. .
1
c
.
7---
~-
..J
--
~--J. ...
.
1!
.
-~ ----
i
B
.
C
I
No Restrictions . .
j I
.
.
.
i~
B
...
i
-l-..
No Restrictions ....... .
..
I
~
-.-, 1
.
--
~
..
...
!
- ~ l
~~~
C
-
-- ... -~ .
~.
c ......... ......
i
i
For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm. I square h o t = 0.0919 m2. a. Class C intcrior finish rnaterials shall he allowed for wainscotting or paneling of nut rnore than 1,000 square k e t of applied surface area in the gr:ldc lobhy where applied directly to a nonzonihustihle base or over lurring strips applied to a noncombustible base andfirehlocked as required by Sectio~l803.4ofChcIrr1er~r~~iri01~~ji Hltiltlirrfi Cod[,.
h. In cvil enclosurt.s 01'huildings less tha~lthree storics in height of other than Group 1-3, Class B interior fir~ishfor nonsprinklerecl buildings and Class C for sprirlklcred buildings shall he permitted. c. Reqi~irementsl'ol.sooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces znclosed by pcu'titions. Where a tire-resistance rating is required for structural elements, the c~~closing partitions shall extend from the tloor to the ceiling. Pl~rtitio~~s tlwt do not coniply with this shall he co~~sidered as ellclosi~lgspaces and ttlc rooms or spaccs on hoth sides shall he considered as one. In determining the applicable requirernents I,r rooms andenclosed spaces, thc specilic occtqxlncy tl~ereofshall be the governing factor regardless of the group classification of thc building or structure. d. Lobby areas in Group A-I, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials. e. Class C ii~teriortinish ~natesialsshall he allowed in Group I\ ozcupancies with an occupant load of 300 persons or less. f. In places of rel~giousworsl~ip,wood used tbs ornamental purposes; trusses, pancling or chancel fi~rnishingshall be allwed. g. C1:lss B material is required where the buildir~gexceeds two stories. Ii. Class C interior linish inateri:~lsshall be allowed in administrative spaces. i. CI:lss C interior tinish materials shall be allo\vrd in molns with a c:~pilcityof four persons or less. j. Clasa B materials shall he allowcd as wai~lscoti~lg extending not more than 48 incliea above the finished floor in corridors. k. Finish n~atcrialsas provided for in other sections of this code. I. Applies whet^ the vertical exits. exit passageways, corridors or rooms and spaces are protected by an approved ;u~tomnticsprinkler systeni installed in accordal~cc with Scction 903..3. l .I or 903.3.1.2.
803.5.1 Textile wall coverings. Textilc wall coverings shall comply with onc of thc following: I . Thc covcrings shall havc a Class A flame spread index in accordance with ASTNI E 84 and be protected by automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2,
2. The covering shall nicet the criteria of Section 803.5.1.1 or 803.5.1.2 when tested in the nlanner intended for use in accordancc with NFPA 265 sing the product-niounting system, inclutling adhesive, of actual use. or 3. The covering shall mcct the criteria of Scction 803.1.2.1 when tcsted in accordance with NFPA 286 using the product-mounting system, including adhcsive, of actual use. 58
803.5.1.1 Method A test protocol. During the Method A protocol, flame shall not spread to the ccil~ngdur~ng t t ~ c40 kW cxposure. During thc 150 kW cxposure. 1hc text~lewall coverlng shall comply with all of 1hc followlng: I . Flame shall not spread to the outer cxtl.cmity of thc sample on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 mm by 305 mm) wall.
2. The specimen shall not burn to the outer extremity of the 2-foot-wide (610 inn)) samples mouutcd in the corner of the room. 3. Burning droplcts deemed capable of igniting textile wall coverings or that burn for 30 seconds or more shall not form. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
-
INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS
4. Flashover, as defined in KFPA 265, shall not occur.
5. The nlaximunl net instantaneous peak heat release the burner output rate, dctcrmined by s~~btracting from the maximum heat release rate, does not exceed 300 kW.
803.5.1.2 Method B test protocol. During the Method B protocol. flames shall [lot spread to the ceiling at any time during the 40 kW exposure. During the 150 kW exposure. the textile wall covering shall co~nplywith the following: I . Flamc shall not spread to the outer extrem~tiesof the samples on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 nlm by 305 mm) walls. 2. Flashover? as defined in NFPA 265, shall not occur.
803.6 Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings. Expandcd vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall comply with the requirements of either Section 803.6.1 or 803.6.2. 803.6.1 General. Expandcd vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall con~plywith the requirements of Section 803.1.2. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings coniplyir~gw ~ t h Scction 803.1.2 shall not be required to comply with Section 803.1.1 . 803.6.2 Compliance alternative. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall bc allowed to co~nplywith the requirements for textile wall or ceiling coverings in Scction 803.5. 803.7 Foam plastic materials. Foam plastic materials shall not be used as interior wall and ceiling finish 11n1essspecifically allowed by Section 803.7.1 or 803.7.2. Foam plastic materials shall not be uscd as interior trim unless specifically alloulcd by Section 803.7.3. 803.7.1 Combustibility characteristics. Foam plastic materials shall bc allowcd on the basis of fire tests that substantiate thcir combustibility characteristics for the use intcnded under actual fire conditions, as indicated in Section 2603.9 of the ltrrc~~n~rrinncil B~rildii~g Cods. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a tcxtile or vinyl facing or cover. 803.7.2 Thermal barrier. Foam plastic material shall be allowcd if it is separated from the interior of the building by a themla1 barrier in accordance with Section 2603.4 of the I~zrrmationalB~riltlir~g Code,
803.7.3 Trirn. Foam plastic shall he allowed for trim not in cxccss of 10 perccnr of the wall or ceiling area, provided such trim is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3)in density; is limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness and X inches (203 111111) in width, and exhibits a flame spread indcx not exceeding 75 when testcd in accordance with ASTM E 84. The smoke-developed index shall not be limited.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 804 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING TRIM IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 804.1 Interior trim. Material. other than foam plastic, used as interior trim shall have a 111inimurnClass C flamc spread and smoke-developed indcx, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84> as described in Section 803.1 . I . Combustible trim. excluding handrails and guardrails. shall not exceed 10 percent of thc aggregate wall or ceiling area in which it is located. 804.2 Foam plastic. Foam plastic used as intcrior trim shall comply with Scctions 804.2.1 thl-ough 804.2.4. 804.2.1 Density. The minimum density of the interior trim shall be 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m"). 804.2.2 Thickness. The maximum thickness of the interior trim shall be 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and the niaximum width shall bc 8 inches (203 n n ) . 804.2.3 Area limitation. The interior trim shall not constitute more than 10 percent of the aggregate wall and ceiling area of a room or space. 804.2.4 Flame spread. The flame spread indcx shall not exceed75 where testedin accordance with ASTM E 84. The smoke-developed index shall not be limited.
SECTION 805 UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 805.1 Group 1-1, board and care facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.1.1 through 805.1.2 shall apply to board and care facilities classified in Group I- I . 805.1.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholster-ed furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.1.1.1 and 805. I .I.?. 805.1.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as dete~minedby tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 200 and shall mcet the requirements of Class I. Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinlclcr system installed in accordance with Section 90.1.3.1.1. 805.1.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall have limited ratcs of hcat rcleasc when tested in accordance with AS'TM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows: 1. The peak rate of heat release for thc single up1101stered furniture item shall not excced 80 kW.
Exception: Upholstered furniture in roonls or spaccs protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Section 993.3.1 .I.
INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS
2. The total energy released by the single upholstered f~~rniture itcm during the first 5 millutes of the test shall not exceed 24 megajoules (MJ).
Exception: Upholstered furniturc in rooms or spaces protectcd by an approved automatic sprinkler systeni installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.1.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear thc label of an approvedagency. confirming compliance w ~ t hthe requirements of Scctions 805.1.1.1 and 805.1.1.2. 805.1.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall mect the requirements of Sections 805.1.2.1 through 805.1 2.3. 805.1.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as dete~minedby tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (5 1 mm). Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 805.1.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat relcase when tested in accordancc with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows: 1. The pcak ratc of heat rclease for the single upholstcred f~~rniturc item shall not exceed 100 kW.
Exception: Mattrcsses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy released by the single upholstered furniture itcm during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 M J .
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm iilstallcd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.1.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of all approvcd agcncy, confirming compliance with the recluircments of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2. 805.2 Group 1-2, nursing homes and hospitals. The requirements in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to nursing homcs and hospit:lls classified in Group 1-2. 805.2.1 Upholstered fi~rniture.Newly introduced upholstered furniturc shall meet the rcquirc~nentsof Scctions 805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3. 805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced shall be shown to resist ignition by upholstered f~~rniture cigarettes as detcrlnined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up compositcs ol'the upholstcred furniture shall have a char lcngth
nor exceeding 1.5 inches (38 rnnl) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of thc upholstercd furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.
Exceptions: 1. Upholstered furniture belonging to the patient in sleeping rooms of nursing homcs (Group 1-2), provided that a smokc dctcctor is installed in such rooms. Battcry-powered, single-station smoke alarms shall be allowed. 2. Upholstercd furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approvcd automatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1.
805.2.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniturc shall havc limitcd rates of hcat relcase when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows: 1. Thc peak rate of heat releasc for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 1<W.
Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protectcd by an approvcd automatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scctio~i903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy released by the single upholstcrcd furniture item dur~ngthc first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ. Exception: Upholstered furniture in roorus or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniturc shall bear the label of an approvcd agcncy, confirming compliance with the requirements of Scctions 805.2.1.1 a ~ i d 805.2.1.2. 805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 through 805.2.2.3. 805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly ~ntroduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tcsts conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inchcs (51 mm). 805.2.2.2 Neat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of hcat release when tested in accordancc with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129. as follows: 1. The peak ratc of heat releasc for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.
Exception: Mattrcsses in roolns or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcln installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
-
-
INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS
2. The total energy released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of thc test shall not excced 25 MJ.
Exception: Mattrcsses in rooms or spaces protccted by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency. confirming conlpliance with the requircments of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2. 805.3 Group 1-3, detention and correction facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall apply to detention and correction faciliticb classified in Group 1-3. 805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall meet thc requircments of Sections 805.3.1.1 through 805.3.1.3 805.3.1.1 lgnition by cigarettes. Newly introduccd upholctereci fu~niturcshall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following 1. Moclted-up composites of thc upholstered furniturc shall ha\e a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (28 mm) when tcsled In accordance with NFPA 16 1, or
2. The components of thc upholstcred furniture shall mcet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordancc with NFPA 260. Exception: Upholstered furniturc in rooms or spaces protccted by an approved autonlatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall have limited ratcs of heat release whcn tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537. as follows:
I . 'The peak rate of heat relcasc for the single upholstercd furniturc item shall not exceed 80 kW.
installed in accordancc Section 903.3.1.1.
805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirrningcompliance with thc requirelnenls of Sections 805.3.1.1 and 805.3.1.2. 805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 through 805.3.2.3. 805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a cl~drlcngth not exceeding 2 inches (5 1 mm). Esception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protcctcd by an approved autoniatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduccd mattresses shall have limited ratcs of heat rclcase whcn tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129; as follows: 1 . The peak rate of heat release for the singlc nlattrcss shall not exceed 100 kW.
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved aulomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy relcasedhy the single upholstered
furniture item during the first 10 minutcs of thc lcst shall not exceed 75 MJ.
Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattrcsses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requircments of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.
Exceptions: 1. In Use Condition I, II and I11 occupanSECTION 806 cies, as dcfined in the I~zte~.izutic~nul DECORATIVE VEGETATION Biiilding Code. upholstered furniture in IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS rooms or Tpaces protected by approved 806.1 Natural cut trees. Natural cot trecs. where allowed by s ~ n o k edetectors that initiate. without this scetion, shall have the trunkbottoms cut off at least 0.5 inch dclay. an alarm that is audible in that (12.7 mnl) above the original cut and shall be placed in a suproom or space. port device coinplying with Section 806.1 .?. 2. Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces 806.1.1 Restricted occupancies. Natural cut trees shall bc protccted by an approved autolnatic prohibited in Group A, E, 1-1.1-2,1-3,I-3, M. R- I . R-2 and sprinkler system installcd in accordance R-4 occupancies. with Scction 903.3.1.1, 2. Thc total energy released by the singlc upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not excced 15 MJ.
Exception: Upholsrercd furniturc in roonis or spaces protcetcd by an approved automatic 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
Exceptions: 1. Trees located in areas protected by an approvcd automatic sprinkler systcm instal led in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall not be prohibited in Groups A, E, M. R- 1 and R-2.
INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS
2. Trees shall be allowed within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies.
806.1.2 Support devices. The support device that holds the tree in an upright position shall be of a type that is stable and that meets all of the following criteria: I . The device shall hold the tree securely and be of adequate size to avoid tipping over of the tree. 2. The device shall bc capable of containing a minimum two-day supply of water.
3. Thc water level, when full, shall cover the tree stem at least 2 inches (5 1 mm). The water levcl shall be maintamed above tlic fresh cut and checked at least once dally.
806.1.3 Dryness. The tree shall bc removed from the building whenever the needles or leaves fall off readily when a tree branch is shaken or if the needles are brittle and break when bent between the thurnb and index finger. The tree shall be checked daily for dryness. 806.2 Artificial vegetation. Artificial decorative vegetation shall meet thc flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701. Mccting the flame propagation performancc critcria of NFPA 701 shall be docu~nentedand certified by the manufacturcr in an approved manner. 806.3 Obstruction of means of egress. The required width of any portion of a means of egress shall no: be obstructed by decorativc vegetation. 806.4 Open flame. Candlcs and open flames shall not be used on or near dccorative vcgetatlon. Natural cut trees shall be kept a tlistance from heat vents and any open flame or heat-producing devices at least equal to the height of the tree. 806.5 Electrical fixtures and wiring. The use of unlisted electrical wiring and lighting on natural cut trees and artificial decorativc vegetation shall be prohibited. The use of electrical wiring and lighting on artificial trees constructed entirely of metal shall be prohib~tcd. SECTION 807 DECORATIVE MATERIALS OTHER THAN DECORATIVE VEGETATION IN NEW AND EXISTING BUfLDlNGS 807.1 General requirements. In occupancies in Groups A. E. 1 and R-I and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies, hangings and othcr decorative ~naterialssuspended from walls or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performancc critcria of NFPA 701 in accordance with Section 806.2 or be nonconibustihle.
considered interior finish if they covcr 10 pcrccnt or more of thc wall or ofthe ceiling area. and shall not be considered decorative materials or furnishings. In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet thc flame propagation perfhr~nancecrltcria In accordance with Section 807.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.
807.1.1 Noncombustible materials. Thc permissible amount of noncombustiblc decorative rnatcrial shall not be 1 iniitcd. 807.1.2 Combustible decorative materials. The permis& ble amount of decorative materials ~nectingthe flame propagation pcrfomiance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not cxccetl I0 percent of the aggregate area of walls and ceilings. Exceptions: I . In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible amount of decorative material mceting thc flamc propagallon pcrformancc criteria of NFPA 701 shall not exceed 50 percent of the aggregate areaof walls and ceiling where the building is equippcd throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and where the material is installed in accordance with Code. Section 803.4 of the Ilztcr-~~atio~?alBuildi~zg 2. The amount of fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor in Group B and M occupancies shall not bc limited.
807.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Wlicre requircd to be flamc resistant, decorative materials shall hc tested by an approved agency and meet the flame propagation performancc c r i t e r i a of NFPA 7 0 1 , o r s u c h m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e noncombustiblc. Reports of test results shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 701 and Furnished to the fire code official upon request. 807.3 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other matcrial consisting of or coated with apyroxylin or similarly lia7ardous base shall not be used in Group A occupancies. 807.4 Occupancy-based requirements. In occupancies in Group A? E and 1-4 day care facilities, decorative materials other than decorative vegetation shall comply with Sections 807.4.1 through 807.4.4.2. 807.4.1 General. All of the following rcquiremcnts shall al.>plyto all Group A and E occupancies and Group 1-4 day care facilities regulated by Sections 807.4.2 through 807.4.4: I. Explosive or highly flammable materials. Furnishings or decorative ~liaterialsof an explosive or highly fla~nmable character shall not be used.
111Groups 1-1 and 1-2,conibustible decorative~natcrialsshall meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the dccorativc materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings. arc of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire devclopmcnt or spread is no1 present. 111Group 1-3, conibustible dccorative materials arc prohibited.
2. Fire-retardant coatings. Fire-retardant coatings in existing bnildings shall be maintained so as to retain the cffectiveness of the treatment under scrvice conditions encountercd in actual use.
Fixed or movablc walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads and crash pads, applicd structurally or for decoration. acoustical correction. surface insulation or other purposes, shall be
3. Obstructions. Furnishings or other objects shall not bc placed to obstruct cxits. access thereto, egress therefrom or visibility thereof. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
INTERIOR FINISH. DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS
807.4.2 Group A. The recluircments in Sections S07.4.2.1 through 807.4.2.3 shall apply to occupancies in Group A. 807.4.2.1 Foam plastics. Exposed foam plastic materials and unprotected materials containing foam plastic used for dccorativc purposes, or stage scenery or exhibit booths shall have a maxirnum heat release rate of 100 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975. Exceptions: I. Individual foam plastic items or items containing foam plastic where the foam plastic does not cxceed I pound (0.45 kg) in wcight. 2. Cellular or foam plastic shall be allowed for trim not in excess of 10 perccnt of the wall or ceil~ngarea, provided it is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kglmJ)in densit); is limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mn1)in thickness and 8 inches (204 mm) in width; and complies with the requirements for Class B intcrior wall and ceiling finish. except that thc smoke-developed indcx shall not be limited.
807.4.2.2 Motion picture screens. The screens upon which motion picturcs arc projected in new and exist~ng buildings of Group A shall either nlcet the flame propagation pcrforrnance criteriaof NFPA 701 or shall comply with the requirements for a Class B interior Finish in accordance with Section 803 of the hzteriiational Bz~I'lclii7g Corlt,. 807.4.2.3 Wood use in Group A-3 places of' religious \vorship. In places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses; paneling or chancel furnishing shall bc allowed. 807.4.3 Group E. Tile requirements in Sections 807.4.3.1 and 807.4.3.2 shall apply to occupancies in Group E. 807.4.3.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and personal effccts shall not bc storcd in corridors and lobbies.
1. Corridors protected by an approved autornatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1. 2. Corridors protected by an appror~cdsmoke dctcction system installed in accordance with Section 907. 3. Storagc in metal lockers, provided the minimum required cgress width I S maintained.
807.4.3.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching niateri:~ls shall he limited on the walls of corridors to not rnorc than 20 pcrcent of the wall area. 807.4.4 Group 1-4, day care facilities. The requirements in Scctions 807.4.4.1 and 807.4.4.2 shall apply to day care facilities classified in Group S-4.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
807.4.4.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and pcrsonal effects shall not be storcd in corridors and lobbies. Exceptions: 1. Corridors protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installccl in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1. 2. Corridors protected by an approved snlokc detection system installed in accordancc with Section 907. 3. Storage in mctal lockers, provided thc minimum requi~edegress width is maintained.
807.4.4.2 Artwork. Artwork and tciiching ruatcrials shall be limited on walls of corr~dorsto not rnorc than 20 percent of the wall area. SECTION 808 FURNISHINGS OTHER THAN UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATRESSES OR DECORATIVE MATERIALS IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 808.1 Wastebaskets in Group 1-3, detention and correction facilities. Wastebaskets and other waste containcrs, including their lids, located in Group 1-3 detention and corrcction facilities shall be constructed of noncomhustihlc materials or of materials that meet a peal< rate of heat rclease not exceeding 300 kWlm2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation. Metal wastebaskets and other metal wnstc containers with a capacity of 20 gallons (75.7 L) or rnorc shall bc listed in accordance with UL 1315 and shall h e providcd with a noncombustible lid. 808.2 Signs. Foanl plastic signs that arc not affixed to interior building surfaces shall have a maxi~numhcat rclcase rate of 150 kW when tested in accordancc with UL, 1975. Exception: Wl~erethe aggregate area of foam plasric signs is less than 10 percent of thc floor arca or wall arca of the room or space in which the signs are locatcd, whichever is less, subject to the approval of the fire code official.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS SECTION 901
GENERAL
under this section shall be installed in accortlancc with this code and thc applicable refel-enccd standards.
901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where tire protcction systems are required and shall apply to the dcsign, installation. inspection, opel-ation, testing and maintenance of all fire protection systems.
901.4.4 Appearance of equipment.Any device that has the physical appearance of lifc safety or firc protcction cquiprnent but that does not perform that life safety or fire protection fi~r~ction, shall be prohibited.
901.2 Construction documents. The fire code oficial shall have the authority to require construction documents and calculations for all fire protcctior~systems and to require permits hc issued for the installation, rehabilitation or modification of any firc protection system. Construction documents for fire ~ ~ s be submitted for review and approval protcction s y s t e ~ shall prior to system installation.
901.5 Installation acceptance testing. Fire dctection and alarm systems, fire-extinguishing systcn~s,fire hydrant systems, fire standpipe systcms, tire pump systcms, private fire service mains a ~ i dall other fire protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall be subjcct to acceptance tcsts as containcd in the installation standards and as approved by the fire code official. The tire code official shall be notified bcfore any required acceptance testing.
901.2.1 Statement of compliance. Before requesting final approval of the installation, wherc required by the fire code official, [he installing contractor shall furnish a written statement to the lire codc ofticial that the subjcct fire protection system has bcen installed in accordancc with approved plans and has becn tested in accorda~tcewith the manufacturer's specifications and the appropriate ins~allaliunstandard. Any deviations from the dcsign standards shall he notcd and copies of the approvals for such deviations shall be attached to the written statement. 901.3 Permits. Pcrrnits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6 and 105.7. 901.4 Installation. Fire protection systems shall hc maintained in accordance with the original installation standards for that system. Requircd systcrns shall he extended: altered, or augmented as neccssary to maintain and continue protection whenever the building is altcred, rcmodeled or added to. Alterations to fire protection systems shall be done in accordance with applicable standards. 901.4.1 Required fire protection systems. Fire protection systems required by this code or the hzterr1cttio7zalBr~ildirig Ccrde bc installed, repaired, operated, tested and maintaincd in accordance with this code. 901.4.2 Nonreciuired fire ~ ~ o t p r t svstems. io~ Any fire protection system or portion thereof not required by this code or Lhe D~~enzatiorinl Rrrildirzg Code shall he allowed to be for partial ol. complete protection
901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unla\vful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the required fire detcction. alami and suppression systcms have bcen tested and approved. 901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire dctection, alarm and extinguishing systems shall be nlaintaincd in an operative condition at all times, and shall be rcplaccd or repaired where defective. Nonrequired fire protection systems and eq~riprnentshall be inspected, tested and ~r~aintaincd or removed. 901.6.1 Standards. Fire protection systcms shall he inspected, tested and accordance with the referenced standards listed in Table 901.6.1. TABLE 901.6.1 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ~~. . ~
.
.
-
-
SYSTEM- .
. /~ortnhlc firc extinguishers
-. .-
_
.
~~~
-
c'
. ..
.
'
ICa,.bon dioxide firc.cwlinguishing system -
~
~~
STANDARD-
. .
,
NFPA10 NPI'A~12
.
-
1
!I
~
-
~~~
1
. -~
I
.j
-_
1
~ f i ~ " n * ~ ~ ~ i ~ - ~ ~ + i s @ .?I 2~* ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ s I
~~
~
lD~~-chemjcal.exti~~~lisIli~~s~~~tems~. . I -
.
NFPA 17.
.
I
/ _ W e t - c & m i ~ 1 ~ ? ; @ g ~ j ~ s ~ ? g . s--y ~ t g n s ~-
i
!\Yat~lba.;e~iire~rolecti~c.~s~~lems ~.~
such installed system meets the rauirements of this code and the ~rzteu~atioriul Rtrildi17g Code.
j~l:%!l~fin b q . i r S ! L
901.4.3 Additional fire protection systems. In occupancics of a hazardous nature? wherc special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazards of the occupancy. or where the fire code official determines that access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, the firc cvde official shall have the authority to require additional safeguards. Such safeguards include. but shall not be limited to. the following: automatic fire detection systems, fire darn1 systems. auton-iatic fire-extinguishinj systems, standpipe systems, or portable or fixed extinguishers. Fire protection equipment rcquired
~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ esystems~~n t ~ ~ ~ ---ti i ~NFl'A ~ g 2001 u & ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
~ - -
~
~-
. --
. ~~~
1I
1
NFPA 750 ~~
901.6.2 Records. Records of all system inspections, tcsts and maintenance required by the refere~lccdstandards shall bc maintained on the preniises for a minimum of t-hrceycars and shall be copied to the fire code official upon rcquest. 901.6.2.1 Records information. Initial records shall includc the name ofthe installation contractol-, type of components installed. manufacturer of the components. location 65
I
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
and number of components installed per floor. Records shall also include thc ~nanufacturers'ooeration and maintenance instruction manuals. Such records shall be maintained on thc premiscs.
901.7.6 Restoring systems to service. When impaired equipment is restorcd to normal working order, the impairment coordinator shall verify that all of the rollowing procedures have been implemented:
901.7 Systems out of service. Where a required fire protection . fire department and the fire code system is out of s c ~ i c ethe official shall bc notified immediately and, where required by the fire codc official. thc building shall either bc evacuated or an approved tirc watch shall be provided for all occupants left unprotected by the shut down until the fire protection system has been returned to service.
1. Necessary inspections and tcsts have bccn conducted to vcrify that affected systcms are opcrational.
Where utilized, fire watches shall be pi.ovided with at least one approved means for notification of thc tire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protectcd premises and kecp watch for fircs.
901.7.1 Impairment coordinator. The building owner shall assign an impairtnent coordinator to comply with thc requirements of this section. In the absencc of a specific designee, thc owner shall be considered the impairment coordinator. 901.7.2 Tag required. A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or portion thercof, has been removed from scrvicc. 901.7.3 Placement of tag. 'The tag shall be posted at each firc department connection, system control valve, fire alarm control unit. fire alarrn annunciator and fire corninand center, indicating which system, or part thereof, has been removed from service. The fire code official shall specify where the tag is to be placed. 901.7.4 Preplanned impairment programs. Prcplanned impairrncnts shall bc authorized by the impairr~lentcoordinator. Before authorization is given, a designated individual shall bc responsible for verifying that all of the following procedures havc been implemented:
2. Supervisors have been advised that protection is restored.
3. Thc fire departrncnt has been advised that protection is restored. 4. The building ownerlrnanager, insurance carrier, alarm company and other involved partics have bccn advised that protection is restored. 5. The impairment tag has been rcmoved.
901.8 Removal of or tampering wit11 equipment. It shall be unlawful for any person to remove, tamper with or otherwise disturb any firc hydrant, tire detection and alarm system, fire suppression system, or other firc appliance required by this code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training purposes, recharging or making necessary repairs, or when approved by the fire code official. 901.8.1 Rernoval of or tampering with appurtenances. Loclcs, gates, doors. barricades, chains, cnclosures, signs, tags or seals which havc been installed by or at the direction of the fire code official shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with or otherwisc vandalized in any manner. 901.9 Reci~llof fire protection components. Any firc protcction systemcomponent regulated by this codc that is the subject of a voluntary or mandatory recall under federal law shall bc replaced with approved, listed components in compliance with the referenced standards of this code. The fire code official shall be notified in writing by the building owncr when the recalled component parts havc been replaced.
I . The extent and cxpected duration of the impairment havc bccn dctc~mined.
2. Thc areas or buildings involved have been inspected and thc increased risks determined. 3 . Recon~mcndationshave been submitted to management or building ownerlrnanager. 4. The firc departrncnt has been notified.
SECTION 902 DEFlNlTlONS 902.1 Definitions. The following wol-ds and terins shall. forthe purposes of this chapter and as used clsewherc in this code, have thc meanings shown herein.
5. The insurance carricr. the alarm company, building owncrlmanager, and other authorities having jurisdiction have bccn notified.
ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A firc alarm system component such as a bell. horn, speaker, light, or text display that provides audible, tactile, or v~sibleoutputs. or any combination thercof.
6. Thc supervisors in the areas to be affected have bccn notified.
ALARM SIGNAI,. A signal indicating Lrn emcrgcncy rcquiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.
7. A tag impairinent system has been implemented.
8. Necessary tools and materials have been assembled on the impairment site.
901.7.5 Emergency impairments. When unplanned impainnents occur. appropriate emergency action shall be talcen to minimize potential i17juiyand damage. The impairment coordinator shall implement the steps outlined in Section 901.7.4.
ALARM VERIFLCATION FEATURE:. A fcaturc of autoniatic tire detection and alarm systems to reduce u~~wanted alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions tor a minimum period of time, or confin11 alarm conditions within a given time period, after being automatically rcset, in order to be accepted as a valid alalm-initiation signal. ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing onc or more indicator lamps, alphc~numcricdisplays, or othcr ecluivalcnt mcanh in 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
which cach indication providcs status information about a circuit. condition or location.
AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A notification nppliancc that alerts by the scnse of hearing. AUTOMATIC. As applicd to fire protcction devices, is a device or system providing an emergency function without the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of tempcrature rise, or combustion p~.oducts. AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. An approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a firc and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent onto or in thc area of a firc. AUTOMATJC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. A sprinlder system, for fire protcction purposes, is an integrated systcm of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the system above thc ground is a network of specially sizcd or hydraulically designed piping installcd in a structure or arca, gcnerally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklcrs are connected in a systematic pattern. The systcm is usually activated by hcat from a fire and discharges watcr ovcr the fire area. AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean square, A-weighted sound prcssurc level measured over a 24-hour pcriod. CARBON DIOXlDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTENI. A syst c ~ nsupplying carbon dioxidc (CO,) from a pressurized vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a manual- or automatic-actuating nlechanis~n. CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting. volatile, or gascous fire evtinguishant that does not Icave a rcsidue upon evaporation. CONSTANTLY ATTENDED 1,OCATION. A designated l o c a t i o ~at~a facility staffed by trained personnel on a continuous basis whcre alarm or supervisory signals aremonitored and facilities arc provided for notification of the fire department or other emergcncy services. DISLUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through a valve that is opencd by the opcration of a dctection systcrn installed in thc sarne area as the sprinklers. When this valvc opens, water flows illto the piping systern and discharges from all sprinklcrs attachcd thercto. DIYTECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat produced by burning substances. Iieat is the energy produced by conlbustion that causcs substailces to rise in temperature. DRY-CHEI\/IICAL EXTINGUISHKNG AGENT. A powder composcd of small particles, usually of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, urca-potassium-based bicarbonate. potassiunl chloridc or non no ammonium phosphatc, with added ],articulate matcrial supplcmentcd by spccial treatment to provide rcsistance to packing, rcsistance to moisture absorption (cakingj and thc proper flow capabilities. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A syste~nto providc indication and warning of emergency situations involving hazardous materials. EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alcrt and cvacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the occupants of a building. FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. Sec "Manual firc alarm box." FIRE A1,AKM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual firc alarm deviccs and is capable of supplying power to dctcction deviccs and transponder(s) of off-premiscs transmitter(s). 'The control unit is capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfcl- of condition to rclays of dcviccs. FIRE A1,ARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire alann-initiating dcvice such as a manual firc alarm box, automatic fire detector, water-flow switch, or other devicc whosc activation is indicative of thcpresence of afireor fire signaturc. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combinats to tion system consisting of con~ponentsand c i r c ~ ~ iarranged monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiatc the appropriatc response to those signals. [B] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, extcrior walls, or firc-rcsistance-rated horizontal asscmblics of a building. FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A dcvice dcsigncd to detect the prcsencc of a fire signaturc and to initiatc action. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approvcd deviccs. cquipment and systcms or combinations of systcms used to detcct a fire, activatc an alarm, extinguish or control a fire? control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thercof. FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and firc control functions that are intended to increasc the lcvel of life safcty for occupants or to control the spread of thc har11if~i1 cffccts of flrc. FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A spccinl system discharging a foam madc from conccntratcs, either mechanically or chctnically, ovcr thc area to be protected. HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A tire-extinguishing system using one or morc atoms of an clement from the halogen chemical serics: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The pcrson I-csponsible for the maintenance of a particular fire protcction system. INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a smoke dctcctor, manual firc alarm box, or supervisory switch. MANUAL FIKE ALARM BOX. A manually operated device ~ ~ s to e dinitiate an alarm signal. MULTIPLE-STATION 4LARM DEVICE. Two or more single-station alarm dcv~ccsthat can bc intcrco~~nccted such
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
that actuation of onc causes all integral or separate audiblc alarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-station alarm device having connections to other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box.
MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or morc single-station alarm deviccs that arc capablc of intcrconnection such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible alarms to operatc NUISANCE ALAIIM. An alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction. improper installation, or lack of proper maintenancc, or an alarin activated by a cause that cannot be detcrniined. RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings ("as builts") that document the location of all devices, appliances, wiring, sequences, wiring methods, and connections of the conlponcnts of a fire alarm systcm as installed. SING1,E-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly incorporating the detector, the control e q u ~ p m e n t ,and the alarm-sounding d c l x e in one unit, operated from a power supply cithcr in thc unit or obtained at thc point of installation.
[B] SLEEPING UNI'C A room or space in which pcople slccp, which can also include pclnianent provisions for living. eating, and cither sanitation or kitehen Pacilities but nut both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
SMOKE ALARM. A singlc- or multiple-station alarm responsive to smokc and not connected to a system.
SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible or invisible particles uf combustion.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. Standpipe clases are as follows: Class I systcm. A systeln providing 21/,-incl~(64 ~ n m hosc ) connections to supply water for use by fire departments and those traincd in handling hcavy fire streanls. Class 11 system. A systcm providing lli,-inch (38 nun) hose stations to supply watcr for use primarily by the building occupants or by the fire department during initial rcsponsc. Class 111 system. A system providing Ill2-inch (38 mm) hosc stations to supply water for use by building occupants and 2'1,-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a largcr volume of water for use by fire dcpartrnents and thosc traincd in handling hcavy fire streams. STANDPIPE, TYPES OIi Standpipe types are as follows:
R'lanual dry. A dry standpipc system that does not have a pernlanent water supply attached to thc systcm. Manual dry standpipe systems requirc water from a firc department pumper to be pumped into the systcrn through the firc department connection in order- to supply rhe systc~n dernand.
Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water supply for the purposc of maintaining water within the system but which does not have a water s~lpplycapable of delivering the system demand attached to thc system. Manual wet standpipe systems requirc water from a fire department pumper (or the like) to be pumped into thc system in order to supply the system demand.
Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipc systeln that is al~angedthrough the use of a device, such as a dcluge valve, to admit water into the systern piping upon activation of a remote control device located at a hose conncction. A remote control activation dcvice shall be provided at each hose connection. The water supply for a sc~niautomaticdry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demand. SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that rcccives xignals and at which personnel arc in attendance at all times to respond to thesc signals. SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to monitor performance of guard tours and thc operative condition of fixed suppression systen~sor other systems for the protcction of lifc aud property. SUPERVISORY SIGNAT,. A signal indlcat~ngthe need of action in connection with the supcrvi\ion of guard tours. thc fire supplcsGon systems or cquiprnent. or the niaintcnancc fcatures of related systems. SUPERVISOPIU SIGNAL,-INITIATING DEVICE. An initiating dcvicc such as a valve supervisory switch. watcr lcvel indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler system whose change of state signals an off-normal condition and its ~.estorationto normal of a firc protcction or life safcty system; or aneed for action i n conncction with p a r d tours, fire suppression systcms or equipment, or maintenance featurcs of related systems. TIRES, BULK STORAGE OK Storage of tires where the area available for storage excceds 20,000 cubic feet (566m'). TROUBLE SIGNAI,. A signal initiated by the tire alarm system ordevice indicative of afault in a monitored circuit or cornponent. VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICA'I'ION APPLIANCE. A notification appliance that alerts by thc sellsc of sight.
Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally tilled with pressurized air, that is arranged through the usc of a devicc, such as a dry pipe valve, to adinit water into the systcrn piping automatically upon the opcning of a hose valvc. Thc watcr supply for an automatic dry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demond.
WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGEN'L: A solution of water and pota~sium-carbonate-based chemical. potassium-acetate-hascd chemical or a conlbination thcrcof. forming an extinguishing agcnt.
Automatic wet. A wet standpipc systcm that has a water supply that is capable of supplying tllc systcnl dcrn;lnclnutomatically.
WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a part of n system that can tmnsmit and rcccivc sipnals without the aid of wire. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ZONE. A defined alca wilhin the protcctcd premises. A zone can dcfine an area from which a signal car1 be received. an area to w h ~ c ha s~gnalcan bc sent, or an area in which a form of control can be executed.
SECTION 903 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 903.1 General. Automatic sprinldcr systems shall comply wit11 this scction.
903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternativc automatic
903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinklcr systc111 shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies whele onc of the following conditions exists:
1. The fire area cxcceds 13,000 squarc fect (1 1 15 m2):
3. The firc area has an occupant load of 300 or more; or
3. 'The fire arca is located on a floor othcr than thc level of exit discharge.
fire-extinguishing systems cornplying with Section 904 shall bc pemiittcd i l l lieu of automatic sprinkler protection whcrc recognized by the applicable standard and approved by tlie fire code official.
Exception: Areas used exclusively as participant sports areas where the main floor area is located at thc samc levcl as the lcvcl ol'cxit discharge of thc main entrance and cxit.
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler syst c ~ n sin new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this section.
903.2.1,4 Group A-4. A11 automatic sl~rinklcrsystcm
Exception: Spaces or areas ill tclecomnlunications buildequipment, ings used exclusively for tcIeco~nmu~iications associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby cngincs, provided those spaces or arcas arc equipped throughout with an autonlatic fire alarm system and are scparatcd from the remainder of thc building by fire barriers co~lsisting of not lcss than 1-hour firc-resistancc-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated floorlceiling assemblies.
903.2.1 Croup A. An autornatic sprinklcr systcnn shall bc provided throughout building and portions thereof uscd as G1.oup A occupancies as providcd in this section. For Group A-1, A-2. A-3. and A-4 occupancies, thc automatic sprinlclcr system shall be providcd throughout the floor area where the Group A-I, A-2. A-3 or A-4 occupancy is located, and in all floors between thc Group A occupancy and the lcvcl of exit discharge. For Group A-5 occupancies, thc automatic sprinlcler system shall be provided in thc spaccs indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.
903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinklcr system shall bc provided for Group A-1 occupancies where one conditions exists: of thc followi~~g 1. Thc firc area cxcceds 12,000 square feet (1 115 111~): 2. Thc fire area has an occupant load of 300 ormore; 3. Thc fire arca is located on a floor other than thc lcvel of cxit discharge; or 4. The firc arca contains a multitlieater complex.
903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic spr~nlclcrsystem ~ one shall bc pro~idedfor Group A-3 o c c ~ p a n c i cwhcre of thc following conditions cxists:
1. The firc arca excecds 5,000 square fcet (465 m-);
shall be provided for Group A-4 occupancics where one of the following conditions cxists: 1. The fire area cxcecds 12,000 squarc feet (1 I 15 n?) ;
2. Thc fire area has an occupant load of 300 or morc; or
3. The fire area is located on a floor othcr than the lcvcl of exit discharge. Exception: Arcas used cxclu\ivi.ly ax participant sports areas whcre thc main floor arca is located at the same lcvel as the lcvcl of cxit discharge of thc main cntrancc and cxit.
903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-5 occupancics in thc folloxving areas: concession stands, retail arcas, press boxes, and othcr acccssory use areas in excess of 1.000 squarc feet (93 m7).
903.2.2 Group E. An automatic sprinklcr systcm shall bc providcd for Group E occupancics as follows: 1. Throughout all Group E fire arcas greatcr than 20,000 squarc fect (I 858 m') in arca. 2. Throughout cvery portion of educational buildings bclow the level of cxit discharge.
Exception: An automatic sprinklcr systcm is not required in any firc area or area bclow the levcl of exit discharge whcre cvery classroonl throughout tlie building has at least one exterior e,xit door at ground level.
903.2.3 Group F-1. An automatic sprinklcr syitcm shall he provided throoghout all buildings containing a Group F-1 occupalicy mhcre one of thc follow~ngcondit~ol~s cx15ts:
2. Thcfirc arca has an occupant load of 100 or more: or
I. Where a Group F- l fire arca exceeds 12,000 squarc fect ( I 1 15 ni2);
3. Thc firc area is located on a floor other than [he lcvcl of cxit discharge.
7. Whcre a Group F-l fire area is located lnorc than threc stories above grade planc; or 4
2006 [NTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
3. Whcrc the colnbined arca of all Group F-1 fire areas on all t'loor\, including any mezzanines, cxcecds 34,000 square feet (2230 m').
903.2.3.1 Woodworlcing operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall bc provided throughout all Group F- l occupancy firc areas that contain woodworking opcrations in excess of 2,500 scluare fcet in arca (232 m2) which gcneratc finely divided con~bustiblewaste or which use finely divided combustible materials. 903.2.4 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systcms shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.4.1 through 903.2.4.3. 903.2.4.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies. 903.2.4.2 (Sroup N-5 occupancies.An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containlng Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under the li~rer-natiolznl Building Code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.4.2. Whcrc the design area of thc sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by onerow of sprinklers. the mauimum number of sprinklers rcquircd to be calculated is 13. ,
-
~
--
TABLE 903.2.4.2 GROUP H-5 SPRINKLER DESIGN CRITERIA ..~ ~r-~...~
1
1
LOCATION
Fabrication arcas -. . -
..-
.
-
-
-
..
-
. .
.
I
OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
I
A
-
1-~- - . corridors /Service ~Sjori?ge r ~ ~ m s - w ~ ldis i ~pensing~-_-~Ordgary ut HazarddC;!ouupe2-
1
~
~
~~
+
jSLoyge roa~iis . will1. dispensinji I Corridors~... -
~
~
~
~~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
..
I--Extra Hazard Group 2 ..
..
1lordinar). .
-
-- -~....
Hazilrd - .. .-Croup 7
'
i4 -I
~-
1
903.2.4.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions tllcreof, whcre cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are mnnufacturcd, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg). 903.2.5 Group 1. ,4n automatic sprinkler systcn~shall bc providcd throughout build~ngswith a Group I fire area. Exception: An automatic sprinklel- system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3 shall be allowed in Group 1-1 facilities. 903.2.6 Group M. ,4n automatic sprinklcr system shall be providcd throughout buildings containing a Group M occupancy wherc one of the following cond~tionsexists: I . Where a Group M fire area exceeds 12,000 squarc feet (11 15 in2);
a
903.2.7 Group R. An automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be providcd throughout all buildings with a Group R fire area. 903.2.8 Group S-1. ,411 automatic sprlnklcr system shall be provided throughout a11 buildings containing a Group S-I occupancy where one of the following conditions exists: 1. A Group S-l fire area exceeds 12,000 squarc feet ( I 115 m2):
2. A Group S-1 fire arca is located more than threc \tories a b o ~ cgrade plane; o~
1
3. The combined area of all Group S-1 file arcs< on all cs. 24.000 floors, including any ~ n a ~ ~ a n i i i exceeds square fcet (2230 m2).
903.2.8.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be providcd throughout all buildings used as repair garages in accordance with the Iittcvrtatior~ui R ~ ~ i l d i nCode, g as follows: I . Buildings two or morc stories in height. including basements. with a firc area containing a repair garage exceeding 10,000 squarc feet (929 m2). 2. One-story buildings with a firc arca containing a repair garage exceeding 12.000 square fcet ( l 1 15 m2).
I
]Ordinary Hazard Group-2-. . . . .-~OrdinarvHazard Group 2
903.2.6.1 High-piled storage. ,411 automatic sprinlder system shall be provided as required in Chapter 23 in all buildings of Group M where storageofmc~.chancliscis in high-piled or rack storage arrays.
2. Whcre a Group M fire area is locatcd morc than three stories above grade planc; or 3. Where the combined areaof all Group M firc arcas on all tloors, including mty mczzanincs, cxcccds 24,000 scluarc fcct (2230 111~).
3. Buildings with a repair gxagc servicing vehicles parked in the basement.
903.2.8.2 Bulk storage of tires. Buildings and \t~uct~ircs wherc the area f o ~the storagc of tire\ cxcccds 20.000 c u b ~ cfeet (566 mz)sl~allbe cqu~ppedthroughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 903.2.9 Group S-2. An automatic sprinkler systeill shall be provided throughout buildings classified as enclosed parking garages in accord;incc with Section406.4 of the liiterxatio~lcll B~~ildingCode or whcre locatcd beneath other groups. Exception: Enclosed parking garages located bencath Group R-3 uccupnncies. 903.2.9.1 Commercial parking garages. An auton~atic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings used for storage of commercial trucks or buses whcrc the fire area exceeds 5,000 squarc fcet (464 rn2). 903.2.10 Windowless stories in all occu~ancies.An automatic sprinkler qystelu shall be installed in the locations set forth in Sections 903.2.10. l through 903.2.10.1.i. Exception: Group R-3 and GI-oup U. 903.2.10.1 Stories and basements without openings. An aulomatic sprinkler system shall be inslellcd 111 cvcry story or basemcnt of all buildings whcre the floor area excecd5 1,500 \quare feet (1 39.4 1n2)and wherc thcrc is 2006 INTERNATIQNAL FIRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
not provided at lcast one of the following types of exterior wall openings:
I . Openings below gradc that lead directly to ground level by an cxterior stairway complying with Section I009 or an outside ramp complying with Section 1010. Opeuings shall be located in each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm). or fraction thereof. of extcrior wall in thc story on at least one side. 2. Openings entirely above the ad-joining ground level totaling at least 20 squarc feet (1.86 m') in each 50 linear feet (1 5 240 mm), or fraction thereof. of exterior wall in the story on at least onc side. 903.2.10.1.1 Opening dimensions and access. Openings shall have a minimum diineilsion of not lcss than 30 inches (762 mm). Such openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not he obstn~ctedin a manner that fire fighting or rescue cannot be accomplished from the extcrior. 903.2.10.1.2 Openings on one side only. Where openings in a story are provided on only one side and the oppositc wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22 860 m ~ n )fro111 such openings, the story shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklcr system or openings as specified above shall be provided on at least two sides of the story.
TABLE 903.2.13 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -~.. ~. . ~ --- ~
r~
~
-~~
~
1---..SECTION L
~
SUBJECT .. ..~.~~. .~
/~overed + . malls -
-
.
-
.-lSf"ge?--
--
.
_
.-
.#!s~ble fipiges . 1 ?3:!U---~ ....~-.ADr~ingrooms
11208.3
jj 5o5.4
903.2.10.3 Buildings 55 feet or more in height. An aulo~naticsprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings with a floor lcvel having an occupant load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more above thc lowest Ievcl of fire dcpartnlent vehicle acccss.
~- I
- ~ - -
~-
. ,
.
.
. . .
.
.
I . j I
i
!
iDrv cleanine machines
1--
tanks
JLllp
---
-
,1
-
I
I
! HPR4 facilities
11803.10 ,-.-. ~
I
903.2.10.1,3 Basements. Where any portion of a bascmcnt is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from openings required by Section 903.2.1 0.1, the basement shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system. 903.2.10.2 Rubbish and linen chutes. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have additional sp~inkleihcads installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for servicing.
I
~
~
_
-.
i
'
~ ~ s ~ i ~ a r n ~ ~ ~ : r n. ~. ". t ~.. ~ .i l +. i n ~ ~ . I , Aircraft hangars _ _~ . . 1
i9!5.'3K2 914:8,5
9 14.9
-.
~
.~~
~
_._. -.
~
.- .-
-
~
p!~!L!is5uildjo-S
914.6.1 IY 14.7.1
~~
-1
c!~clos!i~~s
,_- _
I
11803.10.4.2 . - . .--_ .. ._p-I!?M cor"!u!k!!e dI5!.; . . . . . L~in~her p.907.7. production conveyor eiiclosurrs .
.
-
-
!,-.1908.7
-
-
-
-
-
i"'"" .
,~j 2209.3.2.6.2 .. -
i
..I
-
Regy~lin-g.facilitpc~4ve.y~r e!lc!osures~ A and B ovens
1
? 1 ~ 1. ~ . . 2.
-
.
I'
-.
-1 i
-~
i
, ~ ~ ~ ~ r c a o d o o i c...~ ? i-. . .. . - - 1 motor . - fiiel-dispensing area canopies ./i lkIydrogen ~
-
~
~-
~-
I
Exceptions: I . Airport control towers.
2. Ope11 parking structures. 3. Occupancies in Group F-7.
903.2.11 During construction. Automatic sprinkler systems required during construction, alteration and demolitlon operations shall bepro\lided in accordance with Scction 1413. 903.2.12 Othcr hazards. Automatic sprinkler protection sl~allbe provided for the hazards: indicatecl in Sectiona 903.2.12.1 and903.2.12.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
I
12804.4.1 . .. L
.-
d
! Aerosol . warehouses . . L
.
-
.
.
,
..
..
~
~-
~
~
j Aerosol display and
2904.1 . .. -
merchandising arcas oe of more than 1.000 cubic fect of loosc /1 ~ombustible ~tora, fiber!, --
.
.
-
.
. .
.
.
~
\ i ? o o ~. . ~. .~i 4 ~ ~ ~ e e n ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ! ~-~ ~ . ~. n r-.g e l ! ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ? O ! , . i . 2 _ 3 . .lStc~mge,fs!z?!! onnspr111l:r~~-. . ~
~
-
~
-
~
~
~
~
~
~~
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
TABLE 903.2.13-continued ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS ~ ~ . .[ . -
!'
-
~.-
/ 3405.3.7.3 I -. .
-
L3704.1.2
-
~
..
~
~ .~.
.
!~ wurehou~es
.-
pH-2-afeas._
.
/ 3704.1.3
.
-
- .-
-
. ..- .. . .-
I
..
-
_
.
-
.
-
...----.
J:Gas - cabinets for highly-toxic and toxic gas .
.
.
1 i
-4
1I
1 Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic and toxic / ~~~~
s
1
i
.
I 1
/ Flnmable and combustible liquid Group H-2 Ia
I
1
Exhausted enclosures or p a cabinets for silme 1 .. g . - . -4
14106.2.2 . .- .
-
I4205!~.1.. - I i ~ o " ? .. .. I)
~
1
I'
-
i ~lammahleand combustible liquid storage
1
!
-
SUBJECT
j rooms -. .
~
; 3404.3.8.4 L-
-
/ ~lmmmableand combustible liquid storage
~
1
-
4
SECTJON
1 3404,3,7,5,
: .1
-
not be omitted from any room mcrcly because it is damp, of fire-resistance rated construction or contains electrical equipment.
1. Any room whcre the application of water, or flame and water, collstitutes aserious life or firc hazard. 2. Any room or spacc whcre sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of the contents, when approved by thc firc codc of'icial. 3. Generator and transformer rooms scparatcd from the remainder of thc builtling by u ~ i l l sand floor/ceiling or rooflcciling asscmhlics having afire-rcsistancerating of not less than 2 hours. 4. In rooms or areas that arc of ~lonco~nhustiblc construction with wholly noncombustihlc contents.
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13K sprinkler systems. Wherc allowed in building5 of Group R, up to and including four -. stories in height. automatic sprinkler systems shall be I.psro.~lin~l:s~~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ d ~ ?..~ n u ~ ' a c t installed u ~ i ~ gthroughout . in accordance with NFPA 13R.
plastic storage ,/Pyroxylin . . . .. - - .v a d t s
1
~
I
~ - -
903.2.12.1 Ducts conveyilig hazardous exhausts. Whcrc required by the Irlrernationnl ~MeclzanictilCodr., automatic sprinklers shall be providcd in ducts conveying hazardous exhaust, flammable or combustible materials. Exception: Ducts where the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is less than I0 inches (254 mm). 903.2.12.2 Commercial cooking operations. .4n automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in a commercial kitchen cxhaust hood and duct system where an autoniatic sprinkler system is uscd to comply with Section 904. 903.2.13 Other required suppressio~isystems.In addition to the requircmcnts of Section 903.2, the provisions indicated in Table 903.2.13 also require the installation of a suppression system for certain buildings and areas. 903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler systems shall bc designed and installed in accordance witli Scctions 903.3.1 through 903.3.7. 903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systcms shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1. I, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. 903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code rcquire that a building or portion thcreof bc equipped throughout with all automatic sprinkler systcm in accoi-dance with this section, sprinklers shall bc installed throughout in accordancc with NFPA 13 except as provided in Section 903.3.1. I . I . 903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. Automatic sprinklers shall not be reclu~reclin tlic following rooms or arcas wherc such rooms or areas are protected with an approved automatic tire detec~ionsystem in accordance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visiblc or invisiblc particles of conibustion. Sprinklers shall
903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks. Sprinlcler protection shall bc provided for cxterior balconies. dccks and ground floor patios of dwelling units whcrc thc building is of Type V construction. Sidcwall sprinklers that are used lo protect such areas shall bc permitted to be located such tliat thcir deflectors arc within I inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (I 52 nim) bclow the structural niembers and a niaxirnum distance of 14 inchcs (356 ~ n n ibelow ) thc dcck of thc cxtcrior balconies and decks that arc constructed of open wood joist construction. 903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systcms. Whcre allowed, automatic sprinkler systcms installccl in oncand two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D. 903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers. Where a~itomaticsprinklcr systcms arc required by this code, quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers shall bc installed in the following arcas in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1 and their listings: 1. Throughout all spaces within a smokc conipart~nent containing patient sleeping units in Group 1-2 ill accordancc with the I~zrer~~atio~zul R ~ i i l d i nCode. ~ 2. Dwclling units and slceping units in Group R and 1- I occupancics. 3. Light-hazard occupancies as defincd in NFPA 13.
903.3.3 Obstructed locatioiis. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed with due rcgard to obstn~ctionstliat will delay activation or obstruct the watcr distribution pattern. Automatic s~rinklersshall bc installed in or undcr covcrcd kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, or equip~ncnt that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not lcss than a 3-foot (914 mm) clcara~iceshall bc maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of conibustiblc tibcrs. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
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Exception: Kitchen cquiprnent under cxhnust hoods protccted with a fire-extinguish~ngsystcm in accordance with Scctlon 904. 903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinklcr systems s11:1ll be automatically actuated unless specifically provitled for in this codc. 903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automaric sprinlcler systems shall co~nplywith this section and the standards rcfercnccd in Section 903.3.1. The potable water supply shall be protected against backtlow in accordance with the rcquiremeuts of this section and the Intel-ric~tio~rul Pluml~ilrgCode. 903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the rlomestic service provides the watcr supply for the automatic sprinklcr systcin, the supply shall be in accordance with this section. 903.3.5.1.1 Limited area sprinkler systems. Liniited area sprinkler systcms serving fewer than 20 sprinklers on any single connection are permitted to be connected to the domestic service whcre a wet automatic standpipe is not available. Limited area sprinkler systems connected to domestic watcr supplies shall comply with e;ich of the following requirements: I . Valves shall not be installed between the domestic water riser control valve and the sprinklers.
Exception: An approved iiidicating control valve supervised in the open position in accordance with Sectioli 903.4. 2. The doincstic service shall be capablc of supplying the sinlultaneous domestic demand and the sprinkler demand required to bc hydraulically calculated by NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or NFPA l3D.
903.3.5.1.2 Itesidential combination services. A single combination water supply shall be allowedprovidcd that the domestic demand is added to thc sprinkler demand as required by NFPA 1 3R. 903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. A secondary on-site water supply e q ~ ~toa lthe hydraulically calculated sprinkler dcniand. including the hose stream rcquiremcnt, shall be provided for high-rise buildings i n Seismic Design Category C. D: E or F as determined by the h t r r rrc~tioriulRuiI(li/~,yCodc. The secondary wat-er supply shall h a w a duration of not less than 30 minutes as detcrmined by the occupancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 13.
903.4 Sprinkler system monitoring and alarms. All valvcs controlling the water supply for automatic sprinklcr systems, pumps. tanks, water levcls and temperatures. critical air prcssures; and water-flow switches on all sprinkler systcms shall be electrically supervised. Exceptions: 1 . Automatic sprinlcler systcms protectil~g one- and
two-family dwellings.
2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinItlers. 3. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13K where a coinmon suppl y main is used to supply both domestic water and the automatic sprinkler systein, and a separate shutoff valvc for the automatic sprinkler systcrn is not provided.
4. Jockcy pump control valves that are scaled or locked in the opcn position.
5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in the opcn position. 6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to f ~ r cpump engines that are sealed or locked in thc opcn position. 7. Trini valves to pressurc switchcs in dry, prcaction and deluge sprinklcr systems that arc sealed or lockcd in thc open position.
903.4.1 Signals. Alarm, supervisory ant1 trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved central station. remote supervising station or proprietary supervising station as dcfined in NFPA 7'2 or. when approvcd by the Sire codc oillcii~l.shall sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location. Exceptions: 1 . Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the ~nunicipalityor public utility me not required to be monitored.
2. Backflow prevention device test valves located in limited area sprinklcr system supply piping shall be locked in the open position. In occupancies required to bc equipped with a fire alarm system, the backflow prevcntcr valves shall bc clectrically supervised by a tamper switch installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.
903.3.6 Hose tlireads. Fire hose threads and t~ttingsused in co~~ncction with automatic sprinklcr systems shall be as pre~cribcdby the t11-ecodc official.
903.4.2 Alarms. Appi-oved audiblc devices shall be connected to every automatic sprinklcr systcm. Such sprinkler water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinklcr of the smallest orifice size illstalled in the system. Alarm devices shall be provided on the exterior of the b~iildingin an ~ll~provcd location. Where a fire alarm systcm is installed, actuation of the automatic sprinlcler system shall actuatc the building tire alarm systcm.
903.3.7 Fire department connections. The localiori of fire department connections shall be approvcd by the fire code official.
903.4.3 Floor control valves. Approved supervised indicating control valves shall be provided at t i c point of connection to the riser on each floor in higlr-rise buildings.
Exception: Existing buiIdings.
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
903.5 Testing and maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall be testcd and maintained in accordance with Section 901.
pants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.10.2.
903.6 Existing buildings. The provisions of this scction are intendcd to provide a reasonable degree of safety in existing stnicturcs not conlpljiing with the minimum requircments of Bllil~fil~g C O ~by C requiring installation of an the Il?tcr.~ratiorlal autonlatic fire-extinguishing systern.
904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systcnls shall be monitored by the building fire alarm systcm in accordancc with NFPA 72.
903.6.1 Pyroxylin plastics. All structures occupietl for the manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system. Vaults located within buildings for the storage of raw pyroxylin shall be protccted with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system capable of discharging 1.66 gallons per minute per square foot (68 l,/min/m2) over the area of tlie vault. SECTION 904 ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS 904.1 Gencral. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than auton~aticsprinlzler systems, shall be designed. installed, inspected, testcd and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable rcfcrcnccd standards.
904.2 Where required. Automatic firc-extinguishing systems illstalled as an alternative to the reauiscd automatic s~rinkler systcms of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered altcrnatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed by othcr requirements of this code. 904.2.1 Commcrcial hood and duct systems. Each required comn~ercialkitchen exhaust hood and duct systern rcquired by Section 6 10 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approvcd automatic fire-extinguishing system installcd in accordance with this code. 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-exlinguishing systems shall bc installed ill accordancc with this section. 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the ICC Elactricc~lCo&. 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.1 1.1. 904.3.3 Syste~ninterlocking. Automatic ecluipment intcrlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shuttcrs. conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents, and othcr features ncccssary for proper operation of the tire-extinguishing system shall bc provided as required by the design and installation standard utilizedfor the hazard. 904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicatc the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systcms, distinctive audible, visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishi~lg agents poses a hazard to pcrsons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occuparlts before agent discharge, a separate warning sigrlal shall be provided to a' 1ert occu-
904.4 Inspection arid testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspectcd and tested in accordancc with thc provisions of this section prior to acccptancc. 904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests. the following items shall be inspected: 1. Hazard specificatiorl for consistency with design hazard. 2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating deviccs. 3. Size, placement and position of nozzlcs 01. discharge orifices. 4. Location and identification of audible and visiblc a l a ~ mdeviccs. 5. Identification of dcvices with propcr designations 6. Operating instructions. 904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alann systcms, and connections to approved supervising stations shall bc tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation. 904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or sjrstern operation, where required. shall be verified. 904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protectcd premises and si~pcwisingstation firc alarm systems shall bc testcd to verify propcr identification and retrans~nissionof a l a ~ m sfrom automatic fire-extinguishing systcms. 904.5 Wct-chemical systems. Wet-chcmical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 17A and their listing. 904.5.1 System test. Systen~sshall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and rclcasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed and the rcquired amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the rcquired pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-opcratecl units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by rhe manufacturer. 904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tempcraturc-sensing ele~nentsshall be maintained to ensure proper operation of thc system. 904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained. periodically inspcctcd and tested in accordance with NFPA 17 and their listing. 904.6.1 Sgstcm test. Systems shall bc inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intc~vals.Tests shall include a check of the detection systcm, alarms and rcleas2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ing dcviccs, including manual stations and other associated cquipmcnt. Extinguishing system units shall be wcighed, and the rcquired amount of agent verified. Stored pressurc-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall bc wcighed and rcplaccd at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.
904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tcnlperaturc-sensing elcments shall be maintained to ensure propcr operation of the system. 904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be installctl, maintained, periodically inspected and testcd in accordancc with NFPA 1 1 , NFPA 11A and NFPA 16 and their listing. 904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with NFPA 25. 904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systcins shall bi: installed, maintained. periodically inspected and tested in accordancc with NFPA 12 and their listing. 904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspcctcd and tested for proper opcration at 12-month intervals. 904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders shall be wcighed and the date of thelasthydrostatic test shall be verified at 6-month intervals. Whcre a container shouts a loss in original contcnt of more than 10 percent, the cylinder shall be refillcd or replaced. 904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges of low-prcssure containers shall be observed at one-week inte~.vals.Where a container shows a content loss of more than 10 percent. the container shall be refilled to maintain the minimum gas rcquircments. 904.8.4 System hoses. System hose? shall be cxamincd at 12-month intervals for damage. Damagcd hoses shall be rcplaced or tcstcd. At five-year intcrvals, all hoses allall bc testcd. 904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tcsted at not less than 2.500 pounds per squarc inch (psi) (17 238 IcPaj for high-pressure systcms and at not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for low-prcssure systems. 904.5.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemental-y components, such as switches, door and window releases, intcrconncctcd valves, damper releascs and supplcnlentary alarnls, shall be manually operatcd at 12-month intcrvals to ensurc that such components are in proper operating condition. 904.9 Halon systems. I-lalogcnated extinguishing systems shall bcinstalled, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 12A and their listing. 904.9.1 System test. Systcms shall be inspected and tcstcd for propcr operation at 12-month intervals. 904.9.2 Containers, Ttlc extinguishing agent quantity and pressure of containers shall bc chcckcd at 6-month intervals. Whcl-c n cont;lincr shows a loss in origlnal weight of more than 5 perccnt or a loss In original pressure (adjusted for ren~pcrarurc)of inorc than 10 percent, the container shall be 2006 IN'TERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
refilled or rcplaced. The weight and prebsulc of thc container shall be rccorded on a tag attachcd to the container.
904.9.3 System hoses. Systc~nhoses shall bc exanlincd at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall bc replaced or testcd. At 5-ycar intcrvals, all hoscs shall bc tested. 904.9.3.1 Test procedure. For Halon 1301 systems, hoses shall be tcsted at not less than 1,500 psi (10 343 kPa) for 600 psi (41 37 kPa) charging pressurc systems and not less than 900 psi (6206 ]<Pa)for 300 psi (3482 kPa) charging pressure systems. For Halon 121 1 hand-hose line systems, hoses shall be tested at 2,500 psi (17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and 900 psi (6206 kPaj for low-prcssure systems. 904.9.4 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplementary components, such as switches, door and windo\+ releases, interconnected valves, damper releascs and supplementary alarms. bhall he manually operatcd at 13,-month intervals to ensure such comporients are in proper operating condition. 904.10 Clean-agent systems. Clcan-agent tire-extinguishing systcms h a l l be installed, mainta~ned,pcriodically inspcctcd and tested in accordancc with NFPA 2001 and their listing. 904.10.1 System test. Systems shall be inspcctcd and tested for proper opcration at 12-month intervals. 904.10.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity ant1 prcssure of the containers shall bechecked at 6-nlonlh intervals. Where a container shows a loss in originill wcight of luorc than S percent or a loss in original prcssure. adjustcd for temperature, of morc than I0 percent, thc container shall be refilled or replaccd. The weight and pressurc of the container shall he recorded on a tag attachcd to thc containcr. 904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall he examincd at 12-month intervals for damagc. Damaged ]loses shall bc replaced or tested. All hoses shall be tcstcd at 5-ycar intervals. 904.11 Commercial cooking systems. The automntic fire-cxting~rishing system for co~nmcrcialcooking systcms shall bc: of a type recognized for protection of commercial cooking equipment a ~ i dexhaust systems of thc type and arrangement protected. Prcenginecred automatic dry- and wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall bc tcsted in accordance with U L 300 and listed and labelcd for thc intended application. Other types of automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be listed and labeled for specific usc as protection for conimcrcial cooking operations. The system shall hc installed in accordance with this code, its listing and thc nlanufi~turer's installation instructions. Automatic tire-extinguishing systcms of the following types shall bc installed in accordancc with thc referenced standard indicated, as follows: I. Carbon dioxitlc extingui.;hing systcms, NFPA 12.
2. Automatic sprinkler systems, NFPA 13. 7. Foam-wa~ersprinkler system or foa~n-waterspray systems, NFPA 16.
4. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems. NFPA 17.
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
5. Wet-chemical extinguishing systems, NFPA 17A. Exception: Factory-built commercial cooking recirculating systems that are tested in accordance with UL 7 IOB and listed, labeled and installed in accordance with Section Mcrhunicul Code. 304.1 of the Dzt~r-rzntionul 904.11.1 Manual system operation. A manual actuation device shall be located at or near a means of egress from the cooking area a minimum of 10 feet (3044 mm) and a maximum of 20 feet (6096 mm) froin the kitchen exhaust system. The nlamal actuation device shall bc installed not more than 48 inches (1200 mm) nor less than 42 inches (1067 mrn) above the floor and shall clearly identify the hazard protected. Thc manual actuation shall require a maximurl~Sorce of 40 pounds (178 N) and a maximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to actuate the fire suppression system.
Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems shall not be required to be equipped with manual actuation means. 904.1 1.2 System interconnection. The actuation of the fire cxtinguishing ~ycternshall automatically shut down the fucl or elcc~ricalpower supply to the cool~ingcquipment. The fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual. 904.11.3 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide systcms are used, there shall be anozzlc at the top of the ventilating duct. Additional nozzles that are symmetrically arranged to give uniform distribution shall be installed within vertical ducts exceeding 20 fcct (6096 mm) and horizontal ducts exceeding 5 0 feet (15 240 mm). Dampers shall bc installcd at cither the top or the bottom of the duct and shall be arranged to operate automatically upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system. When the clamper is installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be immediately bclow the damper. Automatic carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing systcms shall be sufficiently sized to protect all hazards venting through a common duct simultaneously. 904.1 1.3.1 Ventilation system. Commercial-type cooking equipment protcctcd by an automatic carbon dioxide cxtinguishing system shall be arranged to shut off the ventilation system upon activation. 904.1 1.4 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinklcr systems protecting conlmercial-typc cooking cquipment shall bc supplied from a separate. readily acce~siblc,indicating-type control valve that is idcnlified.
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whether or not under a hood, w ~ t hfireboxes 5 cubic fect (0.14 m') or Ics, in volurne shall have a minlrnunl 2.5-gallon (9 L) or two 1.5-gallon ( 6 L) Class K wet-chemic~~l portable firc extinguishers locatcd in accordance with Sectron 904.1 1.5.
904.11.5.2 Class M portablc firc extinguishcrs for deep fat fryers. When hazard areas include deep fat fryers, listed Class K portable firc cxtinguishers shall he provided as follows: 1. For up to four flyers havlng a rnaxlmunl cooking medium capacity of 80 pounds ( 36.3 kg) each. One Class K portable fire extinguisher of a minimum 1.5 gallon ( 6 L) capacity. 2. For every additional group of four f r y e ~ sha\ ing a maximunl cooking medium capacity of 80 pounds (36.3 Icg) each: One additional Class K portahle firc extinguisher of a minimum 1.5 gallon (6 L) capaclty shall be provided.
3. For indivitlual fryers exceeding 6 square fect (0.55 m') in surface area: Class K portable fire extinguishers shall b e installed in accordance with the extinguisher manufacturer's rccominendations. 904.11.6 Operations and maintenance. Coinmercial cooking systems shall be operated and maintained in accordance with this section. 905.11.6.1 Ventilation system. The ventilation system in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required rate of air movement, and classified grease filters shall be in place when equipment undcr a kitchen grease hood is used. 904.11.6.2 Grease extractors. Where grease extractors are installed, they shall be opcrated whcn the commcrcial-type cooking equipmcnt is used. 904.11.6.3 Cleaning. Hoods, grease-removal dcviccs, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall bc cleaned at of intervals necessary to prevent the accuniulatio~~ grease. Cleanings shall bc recorded, and records shall state the extcnt, time and datc of cleaning. Such records shall be maintained on the premises.
904.11.4.1 Listcd sprinklers. Sprinklers used for the protection of frycrs shall be tested in accordance with UL 199E, listed for that application and installed in accordance with their listing.
904.11.6.4 Extinguishing syste~nservice. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be serviced at lcast evcry 6 months and after activation of thc system. Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a certificate of inspection shall be forwarded to thc fire code official upon completion.
904.11.5 Portable fire extinguishers for commercial cooking equipmcnt. Poltable fire extinguishers shall bc provided withi~la 30-foot (9144 mm) travcl distance of commercial-type coolzing ecluipmcnt. Cooking equipment involving vegetable or animal oils and fats shall be protected by a Class K rated portable extinpuishcr.
904.11.6.5 Fusible link and sprinkler head replacement. Fusible links and automatic sprinkler hcads shall he replaced at lcast annually, and othcr protection devices shall be scrviccd or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
904.11.5.1 Portable fire extinguishers for solid fuel cooking appliances. All solid fuel cooking appliances,
Exception: Frangible bulbs are not rcquircd to bc replaced annually. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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SECTION 905 STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided in new buildings and structures i l l accordance with this section. Fire hose thrcads oscd in connection with standpipe systems shall be approved and shall be compatible with Orc dcpartlnent hose thre:nds. Thc location of fire department hose connections shall be approved. In buildings used for high-pilcd combustible storage, firc protection shall bc in accordance with Chapter 23. 905.2 Installation standard. Standpipe systenls shall be installed in accordancc with this section and NFPA 14. 905.3 Required installations. Standpipe systems shall be installcd whcre required by Sections 905.3.1 through 905.3.7 and in the locations indicated in Sections 905.4. 905.5 and 905.6. Standpipe qystems alc allowcd to be combincd with aoto~naticsprinkler systems. Exception: Standpipe systcms are not required in Group R-3 occupancies. 905.3.1 Building height. Class IJI standpipc systems shall be installcd throughout buildings where rhe floor levcl of the highest s1o1-y is located more than 30 fect (9 144 mm) above thc lowcsl level of the fire department vehicle acccss, or wherc thc tloor level of the lowe5t story is locatcd more than 30 feet (9 144 n ~ m below ) the highest levcl of tire department vehicle access. Exceptions: 1. Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings equippcd throughout with a11 automatic sprinkler systc~nin accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.1.1.2. 2. Class 1 ~nanualstandpipes are allowed in open parking garages whcre the highest tloor is located not more than IS0 fcet (45 720 mm) ahove the lowest level of f ~ r cdepartment vehicle access, 3. Class I manual dry standpipes are allowcd in opcn parking garages that are subject to freczing tcmperatures. provided that thc hosc connections ale locatcd as required for Class 11standpipes In accordance with Section 905 5.
4. Class 1 standpipes are allowed in basements cquippcd throughout with an autoinatic sprinkler system.
5. In dcter~niningthe lowest level of fire dcpartnlent vchicle access, it shall not be required to consicler: 5.1. Rccessed loading docks for four vehicles or less, and s topography makes 5.2. C o n d i t i o ~ ~where access from the fire department vehicle to thc building impractical or impossible.
905.3.2 Group A. Class 1automatic wet standpipes shall be providcd in nonsprinklcred Group A buildings having an occupant load exceeding 1,000 persons.
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Exceptions: 1, Open-air-seating spaces without encloscd spaces. 2. Class I automatic dry and scn~ia~~tornatic dry standpipes or manual wct standpipes are allowed in buildings where thc highcst floor su~faccuxcd for human occupancy is 75 feet (22 860 mm) or less abovc thc lowest level of firc dcpartlnent vchicle access.
905.3.3 Covered mall buildings. A covered 1nal1building shall be equipped throughout with a standpipc systcm where required by Section 905.3.1. Covered mall buildings not required to be equippcd with a standpipe system by Scction 905.3.1 shall be equippedwith Class I hosc connections connected to a system sized lo deliver water at 250 gallons pcr minute (946.4 Llmin) at thc most hydraulically rcmote outlet. Hose connections shall be provided at cach of the following locations:
;
1. Within the mall at the cntr,mce to cach exit passageway or corridor. ed 2. At each tloor-level landing within e ~ ~ c l o s stairways opening directly on the mall. 3. At cxterior public entrances to thc mall.
905.3.4 Stages. Stagcs grcatcr than 1,000 square fect (93 mL)in asca shall be equipped w ~ t ha Clas5 111 wct standp~pc system with Ill,-inch and 2'12-inch (38 mm and 64 mm) hoac connections 011each side of thc stagc. Exception: Where the building or area is ccluippcd throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcln, a 1'1, inch (38 mm) hose co~~neclion shall be installcd in accordance with NFPA 13 or in accordancc with NFPA 14 for Class I1 or 111 standpipes. 905.3.4.1 Hose and cabinet.Thc 1'1,-inch (38 mm) hosc lengths of conncctions shall be equipped with sufficie~~t 1 'I2-inch (38 mm) hose to provide fire protection for thc stagc area. Hose connections shall bc cquippcd with an approved adjustable fog nozzle and bc rnountcd in a cabinet or on a rack. 905.3.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall bc equipped throughout with aClass I automatic wet or manual wet standpipe system. 9053.6 Helistops and heliports. Buildinps with a helistop or heliport that are ccluipped with a standpipe shall cxtcnd the ctandpipe to the roof levcl on which the helistop or heliport is located i n accordance with Scction 1 107.5. 905.3.7 Marinas and boatyards. Marinas and boatyards ~ ~ t standpipc systems in shall be ecluipped t h r o ~ g h o with accordance with NFPA 303. 905.4 1,ocation of Class I standpipe hose connections. C1a.s~ I standpipe hose connections shall be plwvidcd in all of thc following locations: 1 . In every requircd stairway, a hosc co~lncctio~l shall be provided for each floor levcl above or below grade. Hose
FIRE PROTECTIONSYSTEMS
connections shall be located at an intermediate floor level landing between floors, unless otherwise approved by the fire codc official. 2. On each side of the wall adjacent to the cxit opening of a horizontal exit.
Exception: Wherc floor areas adjacent to a horizontal exit arc reachable from exit stairway hose connections by a 30-foot (0144 mm) hose stream from a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30480 mm) of hose, a hose connection shall not be required at the horizontal exit. 3. In every cxit passageway, at the entrance from the exit passageway to othcr areas of a building. 4. In covered mall buildings. adjacent to each exterior public entrance to the mall and adjacent to each entrance from an cxit passageway or exit corridor to the mall. 5. Whcrc the roof has a slope less than four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope), each standpipe shall be providcd with a hose connection located either on the roof or at the highest landing of a stairway with stair access to the roof. An additional hose connection shall be providcd at the toy of the most hydraulically remote sta~idpipefor testing purposes. 6. Whcrc the most rcmote portion of a nonsprinklered floor or story is more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) from a hose connection or the most remote portion of a sprinklered floor or story is more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a hose connection, thc firc code official is authorized to require that adtlitional hose connections be provided in approved locations.
905.4.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class 1 standpipe systen~snot located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which thcy are located. Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system, laterals that are not located within an encloscd stairway or pressurizeci enclosure are not required to be enclosed within fire-resistance-rated construction. 905.4.2 Interconnection.In buildings whcrc more than one standpipe is provided, the standpipcs shall be interconnected in accordancc with NFPA 14. 905.5 Location of Class 11 standpipe hose connections. Class II sta~~dpipe hose connections shall be accessible and shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet (9 144 mm) of a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hosc. 905.5.1 Groups A-1 and A-2. In ( h u p A - l and A-2 occupancies with occupant loads of morc than 1,000, hose connections shall be located on each side of any stage, on each sidc of the rear of the auditorium, on each side of the balcony. and on each tier of dressing rooms. 905.5.2 Protection. Fire-resistance-rated protection of risers and laterals of Class 11 standpipe systems is not required.
905.5.3 Class 11 system 1-inch hose. A minimum 1-inch (25 mm) hose shall be allonvcd to be usctlfor hose station\ in light-hazard occupancies where invest~gatedand listed for this service and where approved by the fire codc official. 905.6 1,ocation of Class I11 standpipe hose connections. Class I11 standpipe systerns shall have hosc connections located as required for Class 1 standpipcs in Section 905.4 and shall have Class I1 hose connections as required in Sectic~n 905.5. 905.6.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class Ill standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I systems in accordance wit11 Section 905.4.1. 905.6.2 Interconnection.In buildings where more than one Class I11 standpipe is provided, the stalidpipes shall be intcrconnected at the bottom. 905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing fire-fighting eqaipment, such as standpipcs, firc hosc. firc extinguishers or tire department valves. shall not be blocked from use or obscured from view. 905.7.1 Cabinet equipn~entidentification. Cabincts shall be identified in an approved manner by a permanently attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 ~ n m ) high in a color that contrasts with the background color, indicating the equiplnent contained thcrcin. 1. Doors not large enough to accornmodate a writter~ sign shall be marked with a permanently attached pictogra~nof the equipment contained thcrcin.
2. Doors that have either an approvcd visual ~dcntitication clear glass panel or a complete glass door panel are not required to be marked.
905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall bc unlocked. Exceptions: 1. Visual identification panels of glass or othcr approved transparent frangible material that is easily broken and allows access.
2. Approved locking arrangcments. 3. Group 1-3 occupancies
905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed. Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14. 905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in thc nornlal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal at the supervising station required by Section 903.4. Where a fire alarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmitted to the control unit. Exceptions: 1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway
boxes provided by the rnunicipality or public utility do uot require supervision. 2006 FNTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
2. Valves locltcd in the normal posilion and inspectcd as provided in this codc in buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system.
2.1. Electronic monitoring shall confirm that cxtinguishcrs are propcrly positioned, properly charged and unobstructcd.
905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Scction 14 13.
2.2. Loss of power or circuit continuity to the clcctronic monitoring device shall initiate a trouble signal.
905.11 Existing buildings. Existing structures with occupied ) or below floors located more than 50 feet (15 240 m ~ n above the lowest lcvcl of fire department access shall be equipped with standpipes inslalled in accordance with Section 905. The standpipes shall have an approved fire department connection with hose conncctions at each floor level above or below thc lowest Icvel of fire department access. The fire codc official is authorized to approve the installation of manual stat~dpipesystems to acliicve compliance with this section whcre the responding firc dcpartment is capable of providing the requircd hose flow at thc highest standpipe outlet.
2.3. Thc extinguishers shall be installcd inridc of a building or cabinct in a noncorrosive cn1,ironment.
SECTION 906 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 906.1 Where required. Portable fire cxtinguishcrs shall be installed in the following locations.
I
1. In new and existing Group A, B. E, F. H , l , M, R-l , R-2, R-4 and S occupa~~cies
Exception: In new and existing Group A, B and E occupancics equipped throughout with quickresponsc sprinklers, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations spccified in Items 2 through 6. 2. Within 30 fcct (9143 mm) of'con~mercialcooking cquipnlcnt. 3. Irt arcas whcre flam~nablcor combustible liquids are storcd. uscd or dispensed.
4. On each floor of structures under construction. except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 1315.1. 5 . Where required by the sections indicated in Table 906.1. 6. Special-hazard arcas. including but not limited to laboratories, computer roon~saild generator rooms, where rcquired by the fire codc official.
906.2 General requirements. Portablc firc extinguishers shall bc sclccted, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and NFPA 10. Exceptions: 1. Thc travcl distance to rcach an extinguisher shall not apply to thc spcctator seating portions of Group A-5 occupancies. 2. Thirty-day inspections shall not bc required and n~aintcnanccshall be allowed to be once evcry three ycars for dry-chemical or halogcnated agent portablc firc extinguishers that arc supervised by a listed and approved electronic ~nonitoringdcvicc, provided that all of the following conditions are met: 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2.4. Elcctrontc monltor~ngdeviccs and supervisory circuits shall be testcd cvcry thrcc ycars whcn extinguisher maintenance is performcd. 2.5. A written log of required hydrostatic test datcs for extinguishers shall bc maintained by the owner to cnsure that hydrostatic tests are conducted at the frcqucncy required by NFPA 10.
906.3 Size and distribution. For occupancics that involve prirnarily Class A fire hazards, the minimum sizcs and distribufor tion shall comply with Tablc 906.3(1). Fire cxtinp~~isl~ers occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with depths of less than or equal to 0.25-inch (6.35 mm! sliall he selected and placed in accordance with Tablc 906.3(2). Fire cxtinguishcrs for occupancics involving flammablc or combustible liquids with a depth of greater than 0.25-inch (6.35 111111)or involving combustible metals shall be sclccted and placed in accordance with NFPA 10. Extinguishers for Class C fire hazards shall bc selected and placed on thc basis of thc anticipated Class A or Class R hazard. 906.4 Cooking grease tires. Firc cxting~~ishers provitled for the protcction of cooking greasc fires shall be of an approvcd type compatible with the automatic fire-extinguishing systcl~l agent and in accordance with Section 904.1 1.5.
906.5 Conspicuous location. Portablc firc extinguishcrs shall be located in conspicuous locations kvhcre tllcy will be readily accessible and immediately available for usc. Thcse locations shall be d o n g nor~nalpaths of travel. unless the fire codc official determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for placement away from normal paths of travcl. 906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portablc fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, mcans shall bc providcd to indicatc thc locations of extinguishers. 906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portablc fire extinguishers, not houscd in cabinets. shall be installcd on the hangers or brackets supplied. Hangcrs or brackets shall bc securcly anchored to thc ~nountingsul-face in accordance with installation instructions. the manufact~~rcr's 906.8 Cabinets. Cabincts used to house portablc fire extinguishcrs shall not bc locked. Exceptions: 1. Wherc portable fire cxtinguiahers suhjcct to nlalicious usc or damage are provided with a n1c;ins of ready access.
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
TABLE 906.1 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FlRE EXTINGUISHERS
2. In Group 1-3 occupancies and in ~ n c n t a lhealth areas in GI-oup I-? occupancies, access t o porlahle fire extinguishers shall b e permitted to be locked o r to he located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.
i 307.5 . ~ ~ -. -
i 1
/Open b u y ,
~
~
/309.4 t~--~
I r
.
~
...
...
-
1
f.Aircraft i-uel-servicing -
/!%l j
i
-
$105.6
.
I
Dry cleaning plants ,---
1 1208.4
B
...
I!"!!."
.... -
.
1141j I
.
-
~
I
~
.
-.
....
TABLE 906.3(1) FlRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR CLASS A FlRE HAZARDS -
..
~
~
~
~
s
{Rqefingp~cratio~~~--.~
1,.--1504.4.1 4Spray-finishing operations .
906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fire cxti~iguislicrsshall b e conspicuously located in a designated locatioll.
- 11
-
~
~
.
@
.. .
i
...... .
Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight exceeding 40 pounds (1 8 kg) shall b e installed s o that its top is not m o r e than 3.5 feet (1067 m m ) above the floor. T h e clearance betwccn the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held extinguishers shall not b e less than 4 inches (102 mm).
tank vchicles
1I !h~dr;?nt!~~?l-se.viCing~veLiC!~
+*irclaf( rlleldispeniing stati~1.5.
..
~--i !
~....
-
-
906.9 Height above floor. Portable fire extinguishers habing a gross weight not exceeding 4 0 pounds (1 8 kg) shall b c installed s o that its t o p i s not more than 5 fcet ( 1 524 mnl) above thc floor.
J
--.p.--.p-.--
1&cred industrial trucks ... .......
. . .
11 .I 105 4.
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~ ~ - Open 1 flarnes-torches
308.4 .... ---
r-
......
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Minilnut11 Rated Single
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7
LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
I
.
.
~
I 1
1
2-A'
~
~
ORDINARY (Moderate) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
,
1 Recycling facilities ...........
.........
1909.5 .........
Exterior lumber storwe .... . . .. . . . . . . . . -
.
200!,?.
/Oxanjc:cooljng
.
/ !"du~!ria!o"e~~~
1~06.3
area6~ -
I
.
.
-
I
-.
-
.... -
1 3,000 Floo~Area Per I / squale fcet U n ~of l A _ _C
i
.........
.
-
1
,
220_5:?. _ _ ~ ~ o t o r f u e l : & ~ e ~ ~ f . ! ~ ~ i l i t i ~ s ~ ~i ~ . .
.
22 1 0 . 6 .
j ~ a @ n +or e
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..
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f i ~ c l ~ d i s p ~facilities-. si~~g
~
1 Repail. garngcs
/.22 . 1 1.6
.........
I
--
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.
~ ~ d o ~ r ~ t ~ r ~ ~ ~ i~ 1 Liquid storage rooms for tlarnmablc and cornbustible 13404.3.7.5.21 . . I llqu'ds . . . . _ t - ...... i3 4 0 5 . 4 9 I "&";nt distillation ur~its . . . i
i, ~
l.3+,3.3
Maxirrlum T~-rvelDistance to_ Extinguisher _
4
11,250 square k e t
I 1
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.
-
i
1.............. '34r'6.2.7
1
-
......
I
3406.5.4.5
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.......
:
~orrlbustlb~e . _ llclulds . storage . .
.......
-
...
. _.
. ...
-
/Commercial, industrial, govel.nmenLaI or
i
and .....
Bulk plants and terminals for tlalnmablc and malbus,ible liqi~ids
3406'11
5
1 Farms and construction sites-flammable
1
1
~. .
.
1
I !
.
1.500 square feet
1
1.000 sclualc feet
1
11.20 squarc reel
;
1
75 f e d
~
4 I
1
I i ii
1i
75 feet .....
~
1
I -
~
I ...
i ,250 squarc feet
~
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.
T
-
.i I ......
.....
TABLE 906.3(2) FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS WITH DEPTHS OF LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.25-INCH --- - -
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d ~ ~ ~ ~ Ib ~ s ~ b l 1~ - ~ b l- -~- ~ ~ MAXIMUM TRAVEL 1
TYPE OF HAZARD . .
_/
BASIC MINIMUM EXTINGUISHER RATING ..............
I
I
Ordinary (Moderatel -
--
-
Extra (H~gh)
_ _ ~Fnzm~~fa~~urins~estah~~hm.en~srfue~(l~P~n-S~gg
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L ~ g h (Lowj t
-
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-
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j I
; I
75 feet
o
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 m n ~ 1. square foot = 0.09291n'. 1 gallon = 3.785 I-. a. Two 2.5-gal1011waler-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equi~llcn[of one 4-A rated extinguisher. b. At1nc.xE.33 ofNI;PA 10 providesmoredetaiIsconceminpap1)licationofthc maximum foor area criter~a. c. Two u'aler-lype extinguishers each with a I - A rating shall be dccmed the equivaleol of one 2-,1rated cxti~~guisher for Light ( L o w ) Ham~dOccupan-cies.
-
. .
/
.
4.~:'
!
I
i
-
I
-
EXTRA (H~gh) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
1
I
I
Max~rnum Floor Area For Extlngulsherb --
I
i
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1
2-A
. . . . . . .
/ 1908.8
~
-
,i 1 I I
--
-
10-B 20-B ---
40-B 80-B
-
I
I I
DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHERS (feet) -
.....
.....
I
I1
--
I -
-11 I
1
I
-
-
30 50
j 1
I
I I
30 50
I
30
I
so
For S1: 1 i ~ ~ =c h25.4 a m , 1 foot = 304.8 mm. NOTE. For requirenients on water-qoluble tla~n~nable liquids and allemalivi: sizing crileriii, see Scclion 4.1 of NFPA 10.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
SECTION 907 FlRE ALARM AND DETECTlON SYSTEMS 907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, pcrlijrmancc and maintenance of tire alarm systems and their components in new and exist~ngbuildings and structures. Thc rcquirernents of Scctlon 907.2 are applicable to new buildings and structures. The requircincnts of Section 907.3 are applicable to existing buildings and stn~ctures.
907.1.1 Construction tlocunients. Construction doculncnts for fire alarm systcms shall bc submitted Fur review and approval prior to system installation. Construction documents shall include, but not be limited to. all of the following: 1. A floor plan which indicates the use of all rooms. 2. Locations of alarm-initiating and notification applianccs.
3. Alarm control and trouble signaling equipment 4. Annunciation.
6. Battery calculations. 7. Conductor type and sizes.
8. Voltage drop calculations. 9. Manufacturers, model numbers and listing inforniation for cquipnicnt, devices and ~ ~ ~ a t e r i a l s . 10. Details of ceiling I~eightand construction.
1 1. The interface of firc safety control functions. 907.1.2 Equipment. Systems and their components shall be
11stcd and approved for the purpose for which they are installed.
buildings and structures. An
approved manual. automatic or manual and automatic fire alarm systc~ninstalled ill accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in ncw buildings and structures in accordance with Scctions 907.2.1 through 907.7.23 and provide occupant notiiication in accordance with Section 907.10, unless other requirements are providcd by another section of this codc. Where automatic sprinkler protection installedin accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 is provided and connected to the building fire alarm sysleln, autoinatic heat detection ~ q u i r e dby this section shall not be required. The automatic fire detectors shall hc smoke cletectoss. Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of autol~iatic smolce detection, other automatic fire detection shall be allowed. ))
load of 1,000 or rnorc shall initiate a s~gnalusing an emergency voice/alarm conl~nunications system in accordance with NFPA 72.
Exception: Where approved, the prerccordcd announcerncnt is allowed to bc manually deactivated for a period of time, not to cxcced3 minutcs. for thc sole purpose ot allowing a live voice announcement froin an approved. constantly attended location.
907.2.1.2 Emergency power. Emerzency voice la lam^ communications systems shall be provided with an approwd emergency power source.
907.2.2 Group B. A manual firc alarm system shall be having an occupant load installed in Group H occ~~pancics of 500 or more persons or more than I00 pcrhons above 01 below the lowest levcl of exit discharge.
Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes arc not rccluired
5. Power connection.
907.2 Where required-new
907.2.1.1 System initiation in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 1,OUO or more. Act~vationot the fire alarm in Group h occupancies with an occupant
907.2.1 Group A. A n~anualfire alarnl system shall be installed in Group A occupancies having an occupant load of 300 or Inorc. Portions of Group E occupancies occupied for assembly purposes shall be provided with a fire alarm systcni 3s required for the Group E occupancy.
Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required wherc the building is cquippcd throughout with an autornatic sprinkler system and the alarin notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
where the building is cquipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systeun and the alarm notification appliances will activate upon sprinltlcr water flow.
907.2.3 Group E. A n~anualttrc alarm system shall be installed in Group E occupancics. When automatic sprinklcr systcnls or s~nolcedetectors are installcd, such systenls or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alann system.
Exceptions: I . Group E occupancies with an occupant loadof less than 50. 2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required in Group E occ~~pancies where all of thc foIlo~\ingapply: 2.1. Interior corridors are protcctcd by smoke detectors with alarm verification.
2.2. Auditoriums. cafeterias. gymnasiu~nsand the like are protcctcd by heat detectors or other approvcd detection devices. 2.3. Shops and laboratories involving dusts or vapors are protcctcd by heat delectors or other approved detection deviccs. 2.4. Off-premiscs monitoring is providcd.
2.5. The capability to activate the c\lacuation signal from a ccntr;ll point is providcd. 2.6. In buildings where normally occupied spaces are provided with a two-way conlmunication system hetwccn such spaces and a constantly attended receiving stalion from whcrc a g c n e r ~evacuation ~l alarm can bc sounded. cxcept in locations spccifically designated by the fire codc official. 3. Manual firc alarm boxcs shall nut bc ~equil.cdin Group E occupancies where the building is equipped ihroughout w ~ t han approvcd automatic appliances w ~ l l sprinkler system, the not~ficat~on
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
activate on sprinklcr water flow and manual activation is providcd from a normally occupied location.
907.2.1 Group F. A manual tire alarm system shall be installcd in Group F occupancies that are two or more storics in height and have an occupant load of 500 or more above or below the lowest level of exit discharge. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes arc not required wlicrc the building is cquippcd throughout with an automatic sprinklcr systcrn and the alarm notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow. 907.2.5 Group H. A rnanual firc alarm system shall be insti~llcdin Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic s ~ i ~ o detection kc system shall be installcd for highly toxic gases, organic pcroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 37. 39 and 40, respectively. 907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system shall bc installed in Group 1 occupancics. An electrically supervised. automatic srnoke detection systcni shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.4.1 and 907.2.6.2. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes in resident or paticnt slceping areas of Group 1-1 and 1-2 occupancies shall not bc required at cxits if locatcd at all nurses' control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, providcd such stations are visible and continuously accessible and that travcl distances required in Section 907.4.1 are not exceeded. 907.2.6.1 Group 1-1. Corridors, habitable spaces othcr than sleeping units and kitchens, and waiting areas that are open to corridors shall be ecluippcd with an automatic smokc detection 5ystem. Exceptions: 1. Slnokc dctcction in habitable spaces is not required where the facility is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system. 2. Smoke detection is not rcquircd for exterior balconies.
907.2.6.2 Group 1-2. Corridors in nursing hoines (both intermediate carc and sltillednursing facilities). detoxification facilities and spaces permitted to be open to thc corridors by Section 407.2 of the Iizrer~zatiorlalR~iildirz~ Code shall be equipped with an automatic 'ire detection system. Hospitals shall be equipped with smoke detection as required in Section 407.2 of the I~~tc~rzatiorinl Ruildirzg Cocle. Exceptions: I . Corridor smokc detection is not required in smokc compartments that contain patient sleeping units where patient slecping units are provjdcd with smokc detectors that conlply with UL 268. Such detectors shall provide a visual clisplay on the corridor sidc of each patient sleeping unil and shall providc an audible and
visual alarm at the nursing station attending each unit. 2. Corriclor smoke detection is not required in s n ~ o k compartments e that contain patient sleeping units wherc patient sleeping unit doors arc equippcd with automatic door-closing devices with integral smoke dctectors on the unit sidcs installed i n accordance with their listing, provided that the integral detectors perform tlie required alerting function.
907.2.6.3 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be cquipped with a manual and automatic fire alarm systcrn installcd for alertin3 staff. 907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system. a manual firc alarm box or a fire detector shall initiatc an approved fire alarrn signal which automatically notifies staff. Presignal systems shall not be used. 907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes arc not required to bc located i n accordance with Section 907.4 wherc the fire alarm boxes are pro\lided at staff-attended locations having direct supcrvision over areas whcrc manual fire alarm boxcs have been omitted. Manual tire alarm boxcs are allowcd to bc lockcd in areas occupied by detainecs. providcd that staff members arc prcscnt within the subject area and have keys readily available to opcrate the nianu:il firc alarm boxes.
907.2.6.3.3 Smoke detectors. An approved automatic smoke dctection system shall be installcd throughout resident housing areas. including slccping units and contiguous day rooms. group activity spaccs and other coni~nonspaces normally accessible to residents. Exceptions: 1. Other approved smoke-detection arrangcments providing cquivalcnt protection, including. but not limited to, placing detectors in exhaust ducts from cclls or behind protective guards listed for the purposc, arc allowcd when necessary to prevent damage or tampering.
2. Sleeping units in lJse Conditions 2 and 3. 3. Smoke dctectors are not rcquired in dccping units with four or fewer occupants in smoke compartments that are cquipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklcr system.
907.2.7 Group M. A ~nanualfire alar~ilsystcrn shall be installed in Group M occupancies having an occupant load of 500 or more pcrsons or niorc than 100 pcrsons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge. The initiation of a
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
signal fro111 matiual fire alarm box shall initiatc alarn~notitication appliances as requ~redby Scctioli 907.10. L\
Exceptions: 1. A man~ialfire alarm system is required in covercd mall buildirrgs complying with Section 402 of thc I1zter71~~iio~~ul R ~ ~ i l d i lCode. lg
2. Manual firc alarm boxes arc not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcm and the alann notification appliances will automatically activate upon sprinkler water tlow.
907.2.7.1 Occupant notification. During times that the building is occupied, the initiation of a signal from a manual tire alarm box or from a water flow switch shall not be required to activate the alarm notification appliances when an alarm signal is activatcd at a constantly attcnded location from which evacuation instructions shall be initiatcd over an emergency voicelalarm conimunication syst-cm installed in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.
907.2.8.2 Automatic fire iilasm system. An automatic fire alarm system shall be installed throughout all intcrior corridors serving slcep~ngunits. Exception: An automatic fire dctection systcln is not required in buildings that do not have intcrior corridors serving slecping units and whcrc cach slecping unit has a means of egress door opening dircctly to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit. 907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall he installed as required by Scction 907.2.10. In buildings that are not equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installcd in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2, the smoke alarms in slccping units shall be connected to an emergency electrical systen1 and shall be annunciated by sleeping unit at a constantly attended location from which the firc alarm systcm is capable of being nianually activatcd. 9072.9 Gsoup R-2. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies whcrc: 1. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located threc or morc stories above the lowest level of exit discharge:
The emergency voice la lam^ comnlunication systcrn shall bc allowed to be w e d for other announcements, providcd thc ~iianualfire alarm use talccs precedence ovcr any other usc.
2. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is locatcd more than onc story below the highest level of exit discharge of exits serving the dwelling unit or slccping unit: or
907.2.8 Group K-1. Fire alarm syStc1ns shall be installed in Group R-I occupancies as required in Sections 907.2.8.1 through 907.2.8.3.
3. Thc building contains Inore than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units.
907.2.8.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual firc alarm systern shall be installcd in Group R-l occupancies.
1. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all dwelling units or slceping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaccs are separated from each othcr and public or cotnmon areas by at least I-hour fire partitions and each dwelling ~mitor slccping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard.
Exceptions:
I . A manual fire alarm systcm is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all individual sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are separated from cach other and public or common areas by at least I-hour fire partitions and each individual sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard. 2. Manual fire alarm boxcs arc not rcclilired throughout the building when the following conditions arc ~iict:
2.1. Thc building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or903.3.1.2. 2.2. 'Thc notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow; and 2.3. At least one ~nanualfire alarm box is installed at an approved location.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Exceptions:
2. Manual firc alarm boxes are not rcquircd throughout the building when thc Sc~llowing conditions are met: 2.1. The building is ccluippcd throughout with an autonlatic sprinkler systcm in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2; and 2.2. The notification appliances will activatc upon sprinkler flow. 3. A fire alarm system is not rcq~~ired in buildings that do not have interior corridors scrving dwelling units and are protected by an approved a u t o n ~ a t i csprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 . I or 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either have a rneal1.s of egress door
C
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
907.2.1 1.3 Emergency voicekalarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarnm communication systan. which is also allowed to serve as a public address systcm, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and bc audible throughout the entire special amusement building. 907.2.12 High-rise buildings. Buildings with a floor used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above thc lowest level of fire department vehicle acccss shall hc provided with an automatic fire alarm system and an erncrgency voice/alarm communication systcm in accordancc with Section 907.2.12.2. Exceptions: 1 . Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Section 907.2.22 and Section 41 2 of the Irzrernarjo11(~l B~ildingCode.
2. Open palking garagcs in accordance with Section 406.3 of the Intenzarior~ulBuilding Code.
3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordancc with Section 303.1 of the Irztcn7nfiorzul Bt~ildirrgCode. 4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance Buildirig with Section 503.1.1 of the I~~tcnlutioizal Code.
5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-l .H-2 or El-3 in accordance with Section 415 of the Irzrcr-r7urioiz~llB~ljlditzgCode. 907.2.12.1 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detectors shall bc providcd in accordance with this section. Slnolte dctcctors shall be connected to an automatic firc alarm systcrn. Thc activation of any detector required by this section shall operate the cmcrgency voicelalann comniunication system. Srnokc detectors shall be located as follows: I. In cach mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, tclephone equipment or similar room which is not provided with sprinkler protection, elevator machine roomsi and in elevator lobbies. 2. In the main return air and exhaust air plenum of each air-conditioning systcm having a capacity greater than 2,000 cubic fcet per minute (cfm) (0.94 mils). Such dctcctors shall be locatcd in a scrviccablc area downstream of the last duct inlet. 3. At each connection to a vertical ducl or riser serving two or more stories from a return air duct or plenum of an air-conditioning systeni. In Group R-l and R-2 occupancies, a listed smoke detector is allowed to be uscd in each return-air riscr carrying not more than 5.000 cfni (2.4 mV/s and scrving not more than 10 air-inlet openings.
907.2.12.2 Emergency voicelalarm communication system. The operation of any auto~naticfire detector, sprinkler water-flow device or manual fire alarm box shall automatically sound an alcrt Lone followed by voice instructions giving approved information and directions 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
for a general or staged evacuation on a minimum of the alarming floor, the floor above and thc floor below in accordar~cewith thc building's firc safety and cvacuation plans required by Section 404. Speakers shall bc providcd throughout the building by paging zoncs. As a minimum, paging zones shall be providcd as follows:
I. Elevator groups. 2. Exit stairways.
3. Each floor. 4. Areas of refuge as defincd in Section 1002.1.
Exception: In Group 1-1 and 1-2 occupancies, thc alarm shall 5ound in a constantly attcndcd area and a eeneral occupant notification shall bc broadca5t over the overhcad page.
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907.2.12.2.1 Manual override. A manual ovcrside for emcrgency voice communication shall hc provided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging 7ones.
m
907.2.12.2.2 Live voicc messages. The cniergency voice/alarm communicat~onsystem shall also havc the capability to broadcast livc voicc mcssagcs through paging zones on a sclective and all-call basis. I 907.2.12.2.3 Standard. The cmergcncy voicclalarm communicatiorl systcm shall bc dcsigncd and installed in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.2.12.3 Fire department co~nmunicationsystcm. An approved two-way, fire dcpartnient communication system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be provided for tire department usc. It shall opcrate between a fire command ccnter complying with Section 509 and elevators, elevator lobbics, cmcrgcncy and st;mdby power rooms, fire pump rooms, areas of refuge and inside encloscd exit stairways. Thc fire departnicnt communication device shall bc provided at each floor level within the enclosed exit stairway. Exception: Fire department radio systems wherc approved by the fire department. 907.2.13 Atriurns connecting more than two stories. A fire alarm system shall be i~istallcdin occupancies with an atrium that connccts Inore than two storics. The system shall be activated in accordancc with Section 907.7. Such occupancies in Group A, E or M shall be provided with an cmergency voice/alarm communication system con~plyingwith the requirements of Section 907.2.12.2. 907.2.14 High-piled combustible storage areas. An automatic fire detection system shall be installed throuphout high-piled combustible rtorage areas whcre rcquircd by Section 2306.5. 907.2.15 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed cgress locks are installed on means of egress doors i n accordance with Section 1008.1 3 . 6 , an automatic smokc or heat detcction syslem shall be installed as requircd by that section. 907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Acrosol storagc rooms and general-purposc warchouscs containing aerosols shall he
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
provided w i ~ han approved manual fire alarm system where rcquired by this code.
or other sounding dev~ceto provide an alarm which will bc audible in all sleeping area\ of the dwelling.
907.2.17 Lumbec wood structural panel and veneer mills. Lumber, wood stn~cturalpanel and venecr mills shall bc provided with a manual fire alarm systern.
907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An autoinatlc lire detection system shall be prov~dcdin airpo~ttraffic control tower.,.
907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke exhaust systems. Where a smoke exhaust sy5tem is installed in an underground building in accordance with the hzrcniutior~al Bllildir~gCode. automatic fire detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section.
907.2.23 Battery rooms. An approvcd automatic smoke detection system shall be installcd in areas containing stationary storage battery systems having a liquid capacity of more than 50 gallons (1 89 L). Thc detection system shall be supervised by an approved ccntral, proprietary, or renlotc station service or a local alarm which will sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.
907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. A minimum of one smoke detector listed for thc intended purpose shall be irlstalled in Ihe following areas: 1. Mechanical ecluipmcnt, electrical, transformer. telephone equipment. elevator machine or si~nilar rooms.
2. Elevator lobbies. 3. The main return and exhaust air plenum of each air-conditioning system serving more than one story and Iocatcd in a serviceable areadownstream of the last duct inlet.
4. Each conncction to a vertical duct or riscr serving two or more floors froin return air ducts or plenums of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, except that in Group R occupancies, a listed smoke detector is allowed to be used in each return-air riser carrying not more than 5;000 cfm (2.4 1~?1s)and serving not more than 10 air inlet openings.
907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke exhaust system shall activate an audible alar~nat a constantly attended location. 907.2.19 Underground buildings. Where the lowest level of a structure is Inore than 60 feet (18 288 111m) below the lowest level of exit dischargc, the structure shall be cquippcd throughout with a manual fire alarm system, including an emergency voicelalarm communication systern installcd in accordarlce with Section 907.2.12.2. 907.2.19.1 Public address system. Where a fire alarm systctn is not required by ~ e c i i o n907.2, apublic address system shall be provided which shall be capable of transmitting voice co~nmunicationsto the highest level ol'cxit discharge scrving the underground portions of thc structure and all Ievcls below. 907.2.20 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings exceeding 50.000 square fcet (1645 m') in total floor arca shall he provided with an emergency voicelalar~ncommunication system. An emergency voicelalarm communication system scrving a mall. required or otherwise, shall bc accessible to thc tirc department. The system shall be provided in accordance with Scction 907.2.12.2. 907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangars. A minimum of one listed smol<ealarm shall bc installcd within a residcntial aircraft hangar as defined in the Irlt~wintrorialBuildirig Cocle and shall bc interconnectcdintc~the rcsidential smoke alarm
907.3 Where required-retroactive in existing buildings and structures. An approvcd manual, automatic or manual and autonlatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.3.1 through 907.3.1.8. Where automatic sprinkler protcction is provided in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2 and connected to thc building fire alarm system, automatic heat detection required by this scction sh:lll not bc requirctl. An approved automatic fire detection system shall bc installed in accordance with the provisiolis of this code and NFPA 72. Devices. combinations of devices, appliances and equipment shall be approved. The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors, except an approved alternative type of c hboiler rooms where. detector shall be installed in spaces s ~ ~ as during normal operation: products of combustion are present ill sufficient quantity to actuate a smoke detector.
907.3.1 Occupancy requirements. A fire alarm systcm shall be installcd in accordance with Sections 907.3.1.1 through 907.3.1.8. Exception: Occupancies with an cxisting, previously approved firc alarm sy5tcrn. 907.3.1.1 Group E. A fire alarm systc~nshall be installed in existing Group E occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.3. Exceptions: 1. A building with a maximum arca of 1,000 square feet (93 m') that contains a single classroom and is located no closer than 50 feet (I5 240 mm) from another building. 2. Group E with an occupant load lcss than 50.
907.3.1.2 Group 1-1. A fire alarm systern shall hc installcd in existing Group 1-1 residential carc/assisted living facilities. Exception: Whcre each slceping roorn has a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior egress balcony that leads directly to the exits in accordance w ~ t h Section 1014.5, and the building is not morc than three storiea in height. 907.3.1.3 Group 1-2. A tire alann syste~nshall be installed in existing Group 1-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
907.3.1.4 Group 1-3. A tire alarnl systcrn shall be installed in existing Group 1-3 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.1.6.3. 907.3.1.5 Group 8-1 hotels and motels. A fire alarm systern shall be installed in existing Group R- l hotels and motels more than three stories or with more than 20 slceping units.
Exception: Buildings less than two stories in hcight where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces ;Ire separated by l-hour fire-resistance-ratcd construction and cach sleeping unit has direct acccss to a public way. cxit court or yard. 907.3.1.6 Group R-1 boarding and rooming houscs. A fire alarm system shall bc installcdin existing Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses. Exception: Buildings that have single-station smolte alarms meeting or exceeding thc rcquirernents of Section 907.2.10.1 and where the fire alarm systern includes at least one manual fire alarm box per tloor arranged to initiate the alarm.
907.3.1.7 Group R-2. A fire alarm system shall bc installed in cxisting Group K-2 occupancies more than thrce storics in height or with more than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units.
Exceptions: 1. Whcrc cach living unit is separated from other contiguous living units by fire barriers having a fil-c-resistance rating of not less than 0.75 hour. and whcre cach living unit has either its own indcpcndcnt exit or its own independent stnirway or ramp discharging at grade. 2. A separate fire alarin systern is not required in buildings that are equipped throughout with an approved supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 .I 01-903.3.1.2 and having a local alarm to notify all occupants.
3. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving dwclling units and are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installcd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that clwclling units either have a means of cgrcss door opening dircctly to an exterior exit acccss that lcads directly to the exits or are served by opcn-cnded corridors designed in accordancc with Scction 1023.6, Exception 4.
907.3.1.8 Group R-4. A fire alarm systc~nshall be installed in cxisting Group R-4 residential care/assisted living facilities.
Exceptions: 1. Whcrc there are interconncctcd smoke alarms
meeting the rcquircmcnt:, of Scction 907.2.10 and thcrc is at lcast onc manual fire alarm box 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
pcr floor arranged to sound continuoualy the smoke alanns. 2. Other manually activated, continirousl y sounding alarms approved by thc fire codc official.
907.3.2 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Singlc- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installcd in existing Gro~ipR occupancies in accordance with Scctions 907.3.2.1 through 907.3.2.3. 907.3.2.1 Gcneral. Existing Group R occupancies not already provided with single-station smoke alarms shall be provided with approved single-station srnolte alarms. Installation shall be in accordance with Scction 907.2.10. exccpt as providcd in Sections 907.3.2.2 and 907.3.2.3. 907.3.2.2 Interconnection. Wherc morc than one srnolie alann is required to be installed within an individual dwclling unit in Group R-2, R-3 or R-4, or within an individual sleeping unit in Group R-I , the srnokc alanns shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of onc alarm will activate all of the alarms in thc individual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over bacliground noisc levcls with all intcrvening doors closed.
Exceptions: 1. lntcrconnection is not rcquircd in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any ltind. 2. Smolte alarms in cxisting areas arc not requircd to be interconncctcd whcre alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing thc stl-ucturc, unless there is an attic, crawl spacc or basemcnt available which could providc acccss for intcrconnection without the rcmoval of intcrior finishes. 907.3.2.3 Power source. In Group R occupancics, single-station srnokc alarrns shall rcceive thcir prirna~y power fro111 the building wiring provided that such wiring is served from a commercial sourcc and shall bc equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall cmit a signal when thc batteries are low. Wiring shall bc pcrmanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required Sol- overcurrcnt protection.
Exception: Smoke alanns are permittcd to bc solely battery operatcd: in existing buildings where no construction is taking placc; in buildings that are not served from a cornmcl-cia1power suurcc; and in cxisting arcas of buildings undergoing alterations or rcpairs that do not result in the rcmoval of interior walls or ceiling finishes exposing the structurc, unless rhcre is an attic, crawl spacc or basement available which could provide access for building wiring without the rcmoval of interior finishcs. 907.4 Maiaual fire alarm boxcs. Manual firc alarm boxcs shall bc installed in accol-dancc with Sections 907.4.1 through 907.4.5.
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
*
907.4.1 Location. Manual tirc alarrn boxes shall he located not more than 5 fcet (1524 mmj from thc entrance to each cxit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). 907.4.2 Height. The herght of the manual fire alami boxes shall he a minimurn of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a mauimum of 48 inches (I 372 nim) measured vertically, from the floor level to thc activating handle or level of the box. 907.4.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes sh;ill be red in color. 907.4.4 Signs. Where firc a l a ~ msystems arc not monitored by a supervising station. an approved permanent sign shall be installed adj;icenc to each manual fire alarm box that rcads: WI-IEN ALARM SOUNDS-CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT. Exception: Whcre Ihe manufacturer has permanently providcd this information on the manual fire alarm box. 907.4.5 Protective covers. The fire codc official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarin box protcctivc covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved.
system is reset and shall not be canccled by thc operation of an audiblc-alarm silencing switch.
907.9.2 High-rise buildings. In bulldings with a floor used for hurnan occupancy that is located more than 75 fcet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a separate zone by 1100s shall be providcd for all of the following types of alarm-initiating dcvices where provided: 1. Smoke detectors 2. Sprinkler water-flow devices. 3. Manual fire alarm boxes. 4. Other approved types of automatic firc dctecrion deviccs or suppression systcms. 907.10 Alan~ii~iolification appliances. Alarm notifrcatron appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose. 907.10.1 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification applianccs shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.10.1.1 through 907.10.1.4. Exceptions: 1. Visible a l a r n ~notification appliances are not required in alterations, cxcept where an cxlsting fire alariii system is upgracled or replaced. or a ncw firc alan-n system is ~nstalled. 2. Visible alarm notification applianccs shall not be requircd in exits as dcfilicd ill Scction 1003.1. 907.10.1.1 Public and common areas. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be providcd in public areas and common areas.
907.5 Power supply. l'hc primary and secondary power suppl y for thc fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.6 Wiring. Wiring shall coinply with the requirements of the ICC Electr.icn1 Code and NFPA 72. Wireless protection systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices shall coinply with the special requirements for supervision of lolv-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.
907.10.1.2 Employee work areas. Where employee work arcas have audible alal-m coverage, thc notification appliance circuits serving the einployee work arcns shall be initially designed with a minimum of 20 pcrccnt spare capacity to account for the potential of adding visible notification appliances in thc f u h ~ r cto accommodate hearing impaired employce(s).
907.7 Activation. Where an alarin notification system is required by another section of thiscode. it shall be activatedby: 1 . Required automatic fire alarm system. 2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.
3. Rccluircd manual fire alarm boxes. 907.8 Presignal system. Presignal systems shall not be installed unlcss approved by the fire code official and the fire department. Whe1.c a presignal system is iiistallcd, 24-hour personnel supervision shall be provided at a location approved by the firc depart~ncnt,in order that the alarm signal can be actuated in the event of fire or other emergency.
- --
-
-
-
TABLE 907.10.1.3 AND AUDIBLE ALARMS VISIBLE --
NUMBER OF SLEEPING UNITS
-7
'
i
-
-
-
-
SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS WITH VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS
/
907.9 Zones. Each floor shall be zoned separately and a zone shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m?). The length of any zone shall not exceed 300 feet (91 440 mnn) in any direction. Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall not exceed thc area permitted by NFPA 13. 907.9.1 Zoning indicator panel. A zoning indicator panel and thc associated controls chall bc provided in an appl-oved location. The visual zone indication shall lock in until the 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
907.10.1.3 Groups 1-1 and 11-1. Group 1-1 and R-1 slccping units in accordance with Table 907.10.1.3 shall be providcd with a visible alarm notification appliance, activatcd by both the in-room smoke alarm and the buildiilg fire alarm systcm. 907.10.1.4 Group R-2. 111 Group R-2 occupancies rccluired by Section 907 to have a firc alarm system, all dwclling units and sleeping units shall be providcd with ~ h capability c to support visible alarm notification appliances in accordance with ICC A1 I 7.1. 907.10.2 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification applianccs shall be provided and sound a distinctive sound that is not to be uscd for any purpose othcr than that of a firc alarm. Thc audible alarm notification appliances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels (dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the inaximum sound level having a duration of at lcast 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupied spacc within thc building. The minimum sound pressure levels shall be: 70 dBA in occupmcics in Groups R and 1-1; 90 dBA in mechanical equipment rooms; and 60 dBA in other occupancies. The maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notification applianccs shall be 120 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. Where the avcrage ambient noise is greater than 105 dBA, visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordancc with NFPA 72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be required. Exception: Vihible alarm notification appliances shall be allowcd in lieu of audible alarm notification applianccs in critical care areas of Group 1-2 occupancies. 907.11 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire dctcctors utilized for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be connected to the building's fire alarm control panel where a fire alarm system is rccluired by Section 907.2. Detectors shall, upon actuation, pcrform the intended function and activate the alarm notification appliances or activate a visible and audible supcrvisory signal at a constantly attended location. In buildings not required to bc equipped with a tire alarm system, the automatic fire dctector shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actuation, pci-form the intended function. The detectors shall be locatcd in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.12 IPuct smoke detectors. Duct smoke detectors shall be connected to the building's firc alarm control panel when a firc alarm systcm is provided. Activation of a duct smoke detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. Duct smolte detectors shall not be uscd as a substitute for requircd open area detection. Exceptions: 1. The supcrvisory signal at a constantly attended location is not required where duct smoke detectors activate the building's alarm notification appliances. 2. In occuyancics not requircd to be equipped with a fire alarm system. actuation of a smolte detcctor shall activate a visible and an audible signal in an
2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
approvcd location. Srnokc dctcctor troublc c o r d tions shall act~vatea visiblc or autliblc signa1 '~nan approvcd location and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble.
907.13 Access. Acccss shall bc provided to each dctector for periodic inspection, maintenancc and testing. 907.14 Fire-extinguishing systems. Autoinat~cfirc-extinguishing systems shall be connected to the building firc alarm system where afire alarm system IS required by another scction of this codc or is otherwise installed. 907.15 Monitoring. Fire a l ' m systcnls required by this chapter or by the btte17zationi~l B~~ildirzg Code shall be monitored hy an approvcd supervising station in accordancc with NFPA 72. Exception: Supenlisory servicc is not requircd for: 1. Single- and multiplc-station snioke alanns requircd by Section 907.2.10. 2. Smoke detectors in Group 1-3 occ~~pancics. 3. Automatic sprinkler systcms in one- and two-f:imily dwellings.
907.16 Autoniatic telephone-dialing dcvices. Automatic telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarn~ shall not be connected to any fire department tclcphone numbcr unless approved by the firc chief. 907.17 Acceptance tests. Upon coinplction of thc installation of thc fire alarm system, alarm notification applianccs and circuits, alarm-initiating dcvices and circuits, s~~pcrvisory-signal initiating devices and circuits, signaling linc circuits, and primary and secondary powcr supplies shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.18 Record of completion. A record of conlpletion in accordance with NFPA 7 2 vcrifying that the systcni has been installed in accordance with the approved plans and spccifications shall be provided. 907.19 Instructions. Operating, testing and maintenance instructions and record drawings ("as builts") and equipmcnt specifications shall bc provided at an approved location. 907.20 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The inaintcnance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 10 of NFPA 72. 907.20.1 Maintenance required. Whencvcr or wherever any device, ecluipmcnt, system, co~ldition,arrangement, level of protection or any other fcature is required for cornpliance with the provisions of this code, such dcvice, equipment, system; condition. arrangement. level of protection or other feature shall thereaftcr be continmusly maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA rccluirements or as directed by the fire code official. 907.20.2 Testing. Testing shall bc pcrformcd in c~ccordancc with thc schcdules in Chapter 10 of NFPA 72 01-more frequently where required by thc fire code official. Whcrc automatic testing is performed at lcast weekly by a remotciy monitored firc alarm control unit specifically listed for the
89
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
application, the manual testing frequency shall be pennittcd to he cxtcnded to annnal.
Exception: eviccs or equipment that are inaccessible for safety considerations shall be testcd during scheduled shutdowns whcre approved by the fire codc official. but not less than cvel-y 18 months. 907.20.3 Detector sensitivity. Detector sensitivity shall bc chcckcd within one year after installation and every alternate year thereafter. After the second calibration test, wherc sensitivity tests indicate that the detector has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range (or 4-percent obscuration light grey smoke, if not marked), the length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be extended to a maximum o f f vc years. Where the frequency is cxtended, records of detector-caused nuisance alarms and subsequent trends of thesc alarms shall be maintained. In zones or areas where nuisance alarms show any increase over thc previous year, calibratio~itests shall be performed. 907.20.4 Method. To ensure that each s~nolcedetector is within its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall be tested using cither a calibrated test method, the manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, listcd control equipment arranged for the purpose, a smoke detectorkootrol unit arrangement whereby the detector causes a signal at Ihe control unit where its sensitivity is outside its acceptable sensitivity rangc or other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the fire codc official. Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked sensitivity range shall be clcaned and recalibrated or replaced. Exceptions: I . Detectors listed as field adjustable shall be permitted to be either adjusted within the listed and marked sensitivity range and cleancd and rccalibrated or they shall be replaced.
2. This rcquircment shall not apply to sinple-station smoke alarms.
907.20.4.1 Testing device. Detector sensitivity shall not bc tested or measured using a device that administers an unmeasured concentration of snioke or other aerosol into the detector. 907.20.5 Maintenance, inspection and testing. The building owner shall be responsiblc for ensuring that t l ~ efire and life safety systems are maintained in an operable condition at all times. Servicc personnel shall meet the qualification recluircinents of NFPA 72 for maintaining. inspecting and testing such systems. A writtcn record shall be maintained and shall hc made available to thc fire code official. SECTION 908 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS 908.1 Group El occnpandes. Emergency alarms for the detcction and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as required in Chaptcr 27. 908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for notification of an cincrgcncy condition in an HPM facility shall be pro-
vided as required in Section 1803.12. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided for HPM gascs in accordancc with Sect~on1803.13.
908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Whcrc required by Section 3704.2.2.10, a gas detection system shall bc providcd for indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic comprecsctl gases. 908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. A gas deteclion systcrn shall be provided in ozone gay-generator roonls in accordancc with Section 3705.3.2. 908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas dctcction system shall be providcd in repair garages for vehicles fueled by nonodonzed gases in accordancc with Section 221 1.7.2. 908.6 Refrigeration systems. Refrigeration systcm machinery rooms shall be provided with a rcfrigcrant dctector in accordance with Section 606.8. SECTION 909 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS 909.1 Scope and purpose. This section applics to mechanic:~l or passive smokc control systems when they arc rcquilcd for new buildings or portions thereof by pl.ovisions of thc Ititcrt7utional Buildir~gCode or this code. 'The purpose of this scction is to establish minimum requirements for the dcsign, installation and acceptance testing of snioke control systems t.hat arc intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. These provisions arc not intended folthe preservation of contents, the timely restoration of opcrations, or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities. Smoke control systems regulated by this section scrvc a different purpose than the smoke- and hcat-venting provisions found in Scction 910. Mechanical smoke control svstcnis shall not bc considered exhaust systerns undcr Chaptcr 5 of the b~trrrzational Mrchanical Code. 909.2 General design reqidrements. B~~ildings, structures, or Riiildi?zg Cock or parts thcrcof required by the hzternutiorz~~f this code to have a smoke control system or systcms shall huvc such systems designed in accordance with thc ;lpplicable requirements of Section 909 and the gcncrally accepted and well-established principles of engineering rclcvant to tlic design. The construction documents shall includc sufficient information and detail to describe adequately the elements of the design necessary for the propcr implementation of the smokc control systerns. These documents shall bc accompanied with sufficient information and analysis to demonstrate compliance with these provisions. 909.3 Special inspection and test requirenients. In addition to thc ordinary inspection and test requirements to which buildings, structures and parts thereof arc reclnircd to undcrgo, smoke control systems subject to the provisions of Section 909 shall undergo special inspections and tests sufficient to verify the proper commissioning of the smoke control dcsign in its final installed condition. The design submission accompanydocu~ncntsshall clearly detail procedures ing the co~~struction and methods LO be used and the itenis subject to such inspections and tests. Such commissioning shall bc in accordancc with ge~icrallyacceptcdcngineering practicc and, wherc possi2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ble. based on published standards for the particular testing involved. The special inspections and tests required by this section shall he conducted undcr the same tcrn~sas in Section 1704 of thc Irztc?rulntioilc~lR u i l l i ~ ~Cocle. g
909.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of srnokc control systcms to be employed, tile ~ricthodsof their operations, thc systems supporting them, and the methods of const~vctionto be utilized shall accompany the construction docu~ncntssub~nissionand include. but not be limited to, the i t e m indicated in Sections 909.4.1 through 909.4.6. 909.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such that thc inaximu~xprobable normal or reverse stack cffect will not adversely interfere with the qistem's capabilities. Tn dcter~niningthe maxiinum probable stack effect, altitude, clcvation, weather history and interior tcmpcratures shall bc uscd. 909.4.2 Temperature effect of fire. Buoyancy and expansion caused by the design fire in accordance with Section 909.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed such that these effccts do not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. 909.4.3 Wind effect. The design shall considcr the adbersc effccts of wind. Such consideration shall be consistent with the wind-loading provisions of the Iiltcrrzntionnl Bllildiilg Code. 909.4.4 Systems. The design shall consider the effects of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systclns on both smolte and fire transport. The analysis shall include all pen~iutationsof systems status. The design shall consider the effects of the fire on the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning S ~ S ~ C I T ~ S . 909.4.5 Climate. The design shall consider the effects of low teinperaturcs on systems. property and occupants. Air inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prclrent snow or ice blockage. 909.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active or passive smoke control systems shall be capable of continued operation after dctection of the fire event for a period of not less than either 20 minutes or 1.5 times the calculatedcgress time, whichever is less. 909.5 Smoke barrier constr~iction.Smoke barricrs shall cornply with thc Itzterr~utior~nl Buildinil~gCode. Smoke barricrs shall he constructed and scaled to limit leakage areas exclusive of protected openings. The maximum allowable leakage area shall be the aggregate area calculated using the following leakage area ratios: 1. Walls: 2. Exit enclosures: 3. All other shafts: 4. Floors and roofs: where:
AIAIv = 0.00100 AIAIr = 0.00035 AIA,,. = 0.00 150 AIA, = 0.00050
A
= Total leakage area, square fect (m').
A,.
= Unit floor or roof area of barricr, square feet (m2).
A,, = Unit wall arca of barrier, squarc feet (ni'). 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
The leakage area ratios shown do not includc opcnings due to doors. opcrable windows or similar gaps. These shall be included in calculating the total leakage area.
909.5.1 Leakage area. Total leakage arca of the barricr is the product of the smokc barricr gross arca multiplied by thc allowable leakage area ratio, plus the nrca of other openings such as gaps and operable windows. Compliance shall he dctennined by achieving the ininiinu~nair pressure diffcrence across the barrier with the system in thc sinokc control mode for mechanical smoke control systcnls. Passive smoke control systcms tested using othcr approved means. such as door fan testing, shall be as approved by the fire codc official. 909.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smokc barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the required controls for the mechanical SIII~ICC control systern. Door openings shall be protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section 715.4.3 of the Ii~tcnr~trioncrl Buildiilg Code. Exceptions: 1. Passive smoke control systems with auto~natic-closirig dcvices actuated by spot-typc smoke detectors listed for releasing service installed in accordancc with Section 907.10. 2. Fixed openings between smoke zones that arc protccted utilizing thc airflow method. 3. In Group 1-2, where such doors are installed across corridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors without a center mullion shall be installed having vision panels with fire protection-ratcd glazing materials in fire protection-rated francs, the area of which shall not exceed that tested. The doors shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances and shall not have undercuts, louvers or grilles. The doors shall have head and jairib stops, astragals or rabbets at meeting edges and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance B~tildwith Section 715.4.7.3 of the Irrtct*t~rrtionul i ~ l gCocle. Positive-latching devices are not requircd.
4. Group 1-3. 5. Openings between smolte zones with clear ceiling hcights of 14 fect (4267 mm) or greater and bank-down capacity of greatcr than 20 minutes as determined by the design tire size.
909.5.2.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air transfer openings arc required to be protected with a minimum Class [I, 250°F (121°C) smoke damper c o n plying with Section 716 of the Iiztcnzation~tlB~iilcling Code. 909.6 Pressurization method. The prim:lry mechanical means of controlling smoke shall bc by prcssurc differences across snlolte barriers. Maintenance ot'a tenable environnlcnt is not required in the smoke-control zone of fire origin. 909.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. Thc minimum pressure difference across a snloke barricr shall bc
I
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
0.05-inch water gage (0.0124 kPa) in fully sprinklered buildings. In buildings allowed to be other than fully sprinklered, the snioke control system shall be designed to achieve pressure differences at least two times the maximum calc~ilated pressure difference produced by the design fire.
909.6.2 Maximum pressure difference.Tlie rnaximum air pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be detern~incdby rcquircd door-opening or closing forccs. Thc actual force required to open exit doors when the system is in lhe smoke control mode shall he in accordance with Section 1008.1.2. Opening and closing forces for other doors shall be determined by standard engineering methods for the resolution of forces and reactions. The calculated force to set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall bc deternined by: F = F,< + K(IV;?AP)I2(W- d )
(Equation9-1)
whcre:
A = Door area, square fect (m2). d = Distance fro111do01 handle to latch edge of door, feet (m). F = Total door opcning force, pounds (N). F,,, = Forcc required to overcome closing device, pounds
(N). K = Coefficient 5.2 (1.0). W = Door width. feet (m). 4P= Design pressure difference, inches of water (Pa) 909.7 Airflow design method. When approved by the fire code official, smoke migration through openings fixed in aperinanently open position, which a r e located between smoke-control zones by the use of the airflow method, shall be pcrmittcd. The design airflow shall be in accordance with this section. Airflow shall be directed to limit smoke migration from the fire zone. The geometry of opeiliiigs shall be considered to prevent flow revel.sal from turbulent effects. 909.7.1 Velocity. The minimum average velocity through a fixed opening shall not be less than: v = 217.2 [h IT,- T,,)/(T++460)]1/2
(Equation 9-2)
For SI: v = 1 19.9 111 (T,- T,,)lT,]'" where: /I
= tlcigllt of opening. fect (m).
T, = Temperature ot smoke, "F (K). T,, = Temperature of ambient air, "I;(K). 11
= .4ir velocity. fcet per minute (m/minute).
909.7.2 Prohibited conditions. This method shall not be enlployed where either the quantity of air or tlie velocity of the airflow will advcrscly affect other pol-tions of the smoke c o ~ ~ t r osystem, l unduly intensify the fire, disrupt plume dynamics or interfere with exiting. In no case shall airflow toward the firc cxceed 200 feet per minutc (1.02 m/s).
Wherc thc formula in Section 909.7. I rcquircs airflows to exceed this limit. the airflow method shall not be used.
909.8 Exhaust method. When approved by thc firc code ofticial, mechanical smohe control for large enclosed volunlcs, such as in atriunis or malls, shall bc pc~inittcdto utilize the exhaust method. Smohe control systcms using the exhaust method shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 92U. 909.8.1 Smoke lager. The height of the lowest hori~ontal surface of thc accumulating smoke layer shall be rnaintained at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above any walking rurfacc that forms a portion of a rcyuilcd egress system within the snioke zone. 909.9 Design fire. The design firc shall be bascd on a rational analysis perfo~mcdby the registered design professional and approved by the fire code official. 'l'he design file shall bc based on the analysis in accordance with Section 909.4 and tliis scction. 909.9.1 Factors considered.The enginccring analysis shall include the characteristics of the fuel, fuel load, cffccts includcd by the fire, and whether the fire is likely to he steady or unsteady. 909.9.2 Separation distancc. Determination of the design firc shall includc consideration of thetypc of fuel, fuel spacing and configuration.
R= (Ql(12nq'J]L12
(Equation9-8)
whcre: q" = Incident radiant hcat flux required for nonpilotcd
ignition. Btu/ft2 . s (W/m2). Q = Hcat relcasc f1o111file. Blu/s (kW).
R = Separation distance from target to center of fuel package, fcet (m).
909.9.3 Heat-release assumptions. The analysis shall make use of best available data tiom approvcd sources and shall not be based on excessively stringent limitations of combust~blcniaterial. 909.9.4 Sprinkler effectiveness assumptions. A documented engineering analysis shall be provided for conditions that assume fire growth is haltcd at the timc of spr~nkleractivation. 909.10 Equipment. Equipment including, but not limited Lo, fans, ducts, automatic dampers and balance dampcrs shall be suitable for their intcncled use, suitable for the probahlc exposure temperatures that the rational analysis indicates: and as approved by the fire codc official. 909.10.1 Exhallst fans. Coruponents of cxhau5t fans shall be rated and certified by the manufacturer for the probable temperature rise to which the components will bc cxposed. This ternpcrature rise \hall hc computed by: T,= ( Q , f l ~+~(TcO ~)
(Equation9-9)
whcre: c
= Specific heat of smokc at smokelayer temperature,
l3tu/Ib0F . (ItJIkg
. 10. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FIRE PROTECTlON SYSTEMS
III
= Exhaust rate, pounds per second (kg/\).
Q, = Convective heat output of fire, Btu/s (kW).
T;, = Ambient temperaturc, "IF; (K). T, = Smoke temperature. "F (K).
Exception: Rcduccd T',as calculated based on the assurance of aclccluate tlilution air. 909.10.2 Ducts. Duct materials and joints shall be capable of withstandirig the probable temperatures and pressures to which they are exposed as determined in accordance with Section 909.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported in accordance with the Ilzren~utionul Mechanical Code. Ducts shall bc leak tested to 1.5 times the maximum design pressure in accordance with nationally acceptcd practices. Measurcd leakage shall not exceed 5 percent of design flow. Results of such testing shall be a part of the documentation procedure. Ducts sliall be supported directly from fire-resistance-rated struclural elements of the building by suhstantial. noncombustible supports. Exception: Flexible connections (for the purpose of vibration isolation) complying with the it~tenzutiollul Mech(;lniculCode and which are constructed of approved tire-resistance-rated materials. 909.10.3 Equipment, inlets and outlets. Equipment shall bc located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of the building to an additional fire hazard. Outside air inlets shall be loc;~tedso as to minimize the pote~itialfor introducing s n ~ o k or e flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall be so locatcd as to minimize reintroduction of smolte into the building and to limit exposure of thc building or adjacent buildings to an additional fire hazard. 909.10.4 Automatic dampers. Automatic dampers, reg;~rtllessof the purpose for which they are installed within thc smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the requiremcnts of approved recognized standards. 909.10.5 Fans. In addition to other requirements, belt-driven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts requircd for the design duty with the minimum number of belts being two. Fans shall be selected for stable performance based on norn~altemperature and, where applicable. elevatcd temperature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan curves shall be part of the documentation procedures. Fans shall be supportcd and restrained by noncombustible devices in accordancc with thc structural design rcquireinents of Chapter 16 of the Irztenzatioizul Building Code. Motors driving fans shall not. be operated beyond their nameplate horsepower (kilowatts) as determined from measurement of actual current draw and shall have a minimum service factor of 1.15. 909.1 1 Power systems. The smoke control system shall be supplied with two sources of power. Primary powcr shall be from the normal building power system. Secondary power shall be from an approvcd standby source con~plyingwith the ICC Elucrrical Cbcle.The standby power source and its transfer switclies shall bc ill a separate room from the normal power tranalbr~iiersand switch gcar and shall bc enclosed in a room constructed of not less than 1-hour fire barricrs ventilated 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
directly to and from the exterior. Power distribution from the two sources shall be by independcnt routes. Transfer to full standby power shall be automatic and within 60 seconds of failure of the primary power. The systems shall coniply with this code or the ICC Electrical Code.
909.11.1 Power sources and power surges. Elcrnents ol' the smoke management system relying on volatile nicmolies or the like shall he supplied with uninterruptablc power sources of sufficient duration to span 15-minutc primary power interruption. Elements of the s n ~ o k cmanagement system susccptible to power surges shall be suitably protected by conditioners, suppressors or other approved means. 909.12 Detection and control systems. Fire detection systems providing control input or output signals to mechanical smoke control systems or elements thercof shall coml)ly with the requirements of Section 907. Such systems shall be equipped with a control unit complying with UL 864 and listed as sniokc control equipment. Control systems for mechanical smoke control systems shall include provisior~sfor verification. Vcritication shall include positive co~firrnationof actuation, testing, manual override. the presence of power downstream of all disconnects and, through a preprogramrned weekly test sequence, report ahnorma1 conditions audibly, visually and by printed report.
909.12.1 Wiring. In addition to inccting rccluircments of the ICC Elecrricul Code, all wiring, regardless of voltage. shall be fully enclosed within continuous raceways. 909.12.2 Activation. Sinoke control systems shall bc activated in accordance with this section. 909.12.2.1 Pressurization, airflow or exhaust method. Mechanical smoke control systems using the pressurization, airflow or exhaust method shall have complctcly automatic control. 909.12.2.2 Passive neth hod. Pa5sive smoke control systems actuated by approved spot-type detectors lisicd for releasing service shall be pcrnnitted. 909.12.3 Automatic control. Where co~nplctelyautomatic control is required or ~iscd,the automatic-control scc!ucnccs shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned autonlatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.1.1, manual controls that are readily accessible to thc fire dc1,artmcnt. and any smoke detectors required by the engineering analysis. 909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall bc of sufficlent size to meet the requiretl rcsponse times. Tubing shall he flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall bc adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be slecvcd and protected from abras~onand clcctrolytic actloll. 909.13.1 Materials. Control air tubing shall bc hard drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B 42, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251 and ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, solder type. in accordance with ASME B '1 6.18 or ASME B 16.32. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
tool bcnds. Brass co~npression-typefittings shall be used at final connection to devices:, other joints shall be brazed using a BCuPS brazing alloy with solidus above 1,10O0F (593°C) and liquidus below 1.50O0F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.
Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control panels and at the final connection to devices, provided all of the following conditions are met: 1. Tubing shall be listed by an approved agency for flame and smoke characteristics.
2. Tubing and the connected device shall be completely e n c l o s e d w i t h i n a g a l v a n i z e d o r paint-grade steel enclos~lreof not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 nlm) (No. 22 galvanized sheet gage) thickness. Entry to the enclos~ircshall be by copper tubing with a protective grommet of neoprene or tcflon or by suitable brass compression to male-barbed adapter. 3. Tubing shall bc idcntified by appropriately documented coding.
components shall be displayed. Status indicators shall be provided for all smoke control ec!uipment, annunciated by fan and zone and by pilot-lamp-type indicators as follows: 1. Fans. dampers and other operating equipment in their normal status-WHITE. 2. Fans. dampers and other opcrating equipment in their off or closed status-KED.
3. Fans. dampers and other operating equipmcnt in their on or open status-GKEEN. 4. Fans, dampers and othcr opcrating cquip~nenti n a fault status-YELLOWIAMBER. 909.16.2 Smoke control panel. The tire-tighter'.; control panel shall provide control capability over the completc smolce-control system ec1uipment within the buildi~igas follows:
1. ON-AUTO-OFF control over each individual piece of operating smoke control equipmcnt that can also be controlled from other sources within the building. This includes stairway pressurization funs: s~nokc exhaust fans; supply, return and exhaust fans: elevator shaft fans; and othcr opcrating equipment used or intended for smoke control purposes.
4. Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinet and door or movcablc device shall be of sufficient length to avoid tension and excessi~restress. Tubing shall be protected against abrasion. Tubing serving deviccs on doors shall be fastened along hinges.
2. OPEN-AUTO-CLOSE control over individual dampers relating to smoke control and that arc also controlled from othcr sources within the building.
909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated by automatic isolation valves or shall be anindependent systcm.
3. ON-OFF or OPEN-CLOSE control ovcr smoke control and othcr critical equipment associatcd with a firc or smoke cinergcncy and that can only bc controlled from the fire-fighter's control panel.
909.133 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three timcs the operating prcssurc for not less than 30 minutes without any noticeable loss in ga~lgcpressure prior to final connection to deviccs. 909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and control systcms shall be clearly markcd at all junctions, accesses and ternminations. 909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams showing 2111dcvices in the system and identifying their location and function shall bc maintained currcnt and kept on tile with the tirc codc official. the tjrc department and in the fire command center ill a format and manner approved by the fire chief.
909.16 Fire-fighter's smoke control panel. A tire-fighter's smoke control panel for fire department emergency responsc purposes only shall be provided and shall include manual control or overridc of autonlatic control for mechanical smoke control systems. The panel shall be located in a fire command ccnter co~nplyingwith Section 509 in high-rise buildings or buildings with smoke-protected assembly seating. In all other buildings, the tirc-fighter's smoke control panel shall be installed in an approved location adjacent to thc fire alann control panel. Tlle fire-fighter's stnokc control panel shall comply with Sections 909.16.1 through 909.16.3. 90Y.16.1 Smoke control systems. Fans within thc building shall bc shown on thc firc-fightcr's control panel. A clear indication of thc direction of airflow and the relationship of
Exceptions: I . Complcx systems. where approved. where the controls and indicators are combined to control and indicate all elements of a single s ~ n o k ezone as a unit.
2. Complex systems, whcre approved, whcrc the control is accornplishcd by computer interface using approved, plain English comniands. 909.16.3 Control action and priorities. Thc fire-fighter's control panel actions shall be as follows:
1. ON-OFF and OPEN-CLOSE control actions shall have the highest priority of any control point within the building. Once issued from the fire-fighter's control panel, no automatic or nianual control from any other control point within the building shall contramcans arc dict the control action. Where a~~tomatic provided to interrupt normal, noncrnergency equipment operation or produce a spccific result to safeguard the building or equipment (i.e., duct frcezestats, duct smoke detectors, high-tempcrature cutouts, temperatul-e-actuated linkage and similar devices), such means shall be capable of being ova-ridcicn by the Sire-fighter's control panel. 'The last control action as indicated by each fire-fighter's control panel switch position shall prevail. 111no casc shall control actions 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
require the smoke control systen1 to assume more than one configuration at any one time.
Exception: Power disconnects requircd by the ICC Electt.icu1 Codu. 2. Only thc AUTO position of each three-position fire-fightcr's control panel switch shall allow auto~iiaticor manual control action from other control points within the building. The AUTO position sliall be the NORMAL, nonemergency, building control position. Where a fire-fighter's conirol panel is in the AUTO position, the actual status of the device (on, off. open. closed) shall continue to be indicated by the status indicator described above. When directed by an automatic signal to assume an emergency condition, the NORMAL position shall become the emergency condition for that device or group of devices within the zonc. In no case shall control actions require the smoke control system to assume more Lhan one configuration at any one time. 909.17 System response time. Smoke-control system activation shall bc initiated immediately after receipt of an appropriate automatic or manual activation cornmand. Smoke control systems shall activate individual components (such as dampers and fans) in tlie sequencc nccessaly to prevent physical darnagc to the fans. dampers, ducts and other equipment. For purposes of sinvkc control, thc fire-fighter's control panel responsc time shall be the same for automatic or manual sn~oliecontrol action initiated from any other buildirig control point. Thc total response time, including that necessary for detection, shutdown of operating equipment and smokc control system startup, shall allow Ior f~llloperational mode to be achieved before the conditions in the space exceed thc design smoke condition. The systern response time for each component and thcir sequential relationships shall be detailed in the required rational an;~lysisand verification of their installed condition rcportcd in the requircd final rcport. 909.18 Acceptance testing. Devices. equipment- components and secluenccs shall be individually tested. These tests. in addition to thosc requircd by other provisions of this code, shall consist of determination of function. sequence and, where applicable, capacity of their installed cor~dition. 909.18.1 Detection devices. S ~ n o k or e fire detectors that arc a part of a smoke control systcln sliall be tested in accordance with Chapter 9 in their installed condition. When applicable, this testiiig shall include verification of airflow in both minimum and maximum conditions. 909.18.2 Ilucts. Ductr that are part of a smoke control system shall be traversed using generally acccpted practices to determine actual air cluantities. 909.18.3 Dampers. Dampcrs shall be tested for function in their installed condition. 909.18.4 Inlets and outlets. Inlets and outlets shall be read using generally accepted practices to determine air quantities. 909.18.5 Fans. Fans shall be examined for corrcct rotation. Measurcmcnts of voltagc. amperage, revolutions per minutc and belt tension shall be made. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
909.18.6 Smoke barriers. Measurcmcnts using inclined manometers or other approved calibrated measuring devices shall be made of the pressure differences across smoke barriers. Such measurcriients shall be conducted for each possible smoke control condition. 909.18.7 Controls. Each sinoke zone, equipped with an automatic-i~litiationdevice, shall be put into operation by the actuation of one such device. Each additional device within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verificd throughout the system, including verification of override from the fire-fighter's control panel and simulation of standby power conditions. 909.18.8 Special inspections for smoke control. Smoke control systems sliall be tested by a spccial inspector. 909.18.8.1 Scope o f testing. Special inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the following: 1. During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.
2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient colnplction for the purposes of pressure-difference testing, flow measurements, and detection and control vel.ification.
909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Special inspection agcncies for smoke control shall havc expcrtise in fire protection and ccrtification as engineering, mechanical engi~~eering air balancers. 909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall be prepared by tlie special inspector or special inspection agency. 'The report shall include identification of all devices by nianufacturer, nameplate data. design values, rncasured values and identification tag or milrk. The rcport sliall bc reviewed by the responsible registered design professional and, when satisfied that the design intent has been achicvcd, the rcsponsiblc registered design professional shall seal, sign and datc the report. 909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final rcport shall bc filcd with the firc code official and an idcntical copy shall be maintained in an approved location at the building. 909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts, drawings and other documents identifying and locating each component of the smoke control system, and dcscribing thcir proper function and maintenance requircmcnts, shall be maintained on filc at the building as an attachment to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall have an approved identifying tag or markon them consistent with the other required docurnentation and shall be datcd indicating the last time they were succcssti~llytested and by whom. 909.19System acceptance. Buildings, or portions tticreof, rcyuired by this code to comply with this scction sliall not bc issued a certificate of occupancy until such timc that thc firc code official determines that thc provisions of this scction havc
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
been fi~llycomplied with and that the fire department has ~cceivcdsatisf~cLoryinstruction on the operat~on,both automatic and manual. of the system.
Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a tcmporary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code official, shall be allowed, provided that those portions of the building to be occupied meet the requirements of this section and that the I-cmainclerdoes not pose a significant hazard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent buildings.
d
909.20 Maintenance. Smoke control systems shall be maintained to cnsurc to a reasonable degree that the system is capable of controlling smokc for the duration required. 'The system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Sections 909.20.1 through 909.20.5. 909.20.1 Schedule. A routine maintenance and operational testing program shall he initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A writtcn schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing shall he cstahlished. 909.20.2 Written record. A written record of smoke control system testing and maintenance shall be maintained on the premises. The writtcn record shall include thedate of the maintenance, identification of the servicing personnel and notification of any unsatisfactory condition and ihc corrective action taken, including parts replaced. 909.20.3 Testing. Operational testing of the smoke control system shall include all equipment such as initiating devices, fans, dampers, controls, doors and windows. 909.20.4 Dedicated smoke control systems. Dedicated l shall he operated for each control smoke c o ~ ~ t r osystems sequence semiannually. The system shall also be tested under standby powcr col~ditions. 909.20.5 Nondedicated smoke control systems. Nondcdicatcd smoke control systems shall be operated for each control sequence annually. Thc system sh~lllalso be tested under standby powcr conditions.
SECTION 910 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS 910.1 General. Whcre required by this code or otherwise installcd, smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke cxl~aust systems and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements of this section.
Exceptions: 1 . Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of Class I and TI conlmodities w h c ~ ep~otectcdby an approved automatic sprinkler system. 2. Wherc areas of buildings are equipped wlth early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic smoke and heat vents shall not be requi~edwithin these areas.
1 910.2 Where required. Smoke and heat vents shall be installed in the roofs of one-story buildings or portions thereof
occupied for the uses set forth in Sections 910.2.1 through 9 10.2.3.
910.2.1 Group F-1 or S-1. Buildings and portions thcrcof used as a Group F- l or S- l occupancy having more than 50,000 square feet 14645 m') of undivided area. Exception: Group S-1 aircraft repair hangars. 910.2.2 High-piled combustible storage. Buildings and portions thereof containing high-piled combustible stock or rack storage in any occupancy g ~ o u pwhen required by Scction 2306.7.
C
910.2.3 Exit access travel distance increase. Buildings and portions thereof used as a Group F- I or S- 1 occupancy wherc the maximum exit access travel distance is increased in accordance with Section 10 16.2. 910.3 Design and installation. The design and installation of smoke and hcat vents and draft curtains shall be as specified in Sections 910.3.1 through 910.3.5.2 and Table 910.3. 910.3.1 Design. Smokc and heat vents shall be listed and labeled to indicate compliance with UL 793. 910.3.2 Vent operation. Smoke and heat vents sllall be capable of being operated by approved automatic and manual means. Automatic operation of smoke and heat vents shall conforrn to the provisions of Sections 910.3.2.1 through 9 10.3.2.3. 910.3.2.1 Gravity-operateddrop out vents. Automatic smoke and heat vents containing heat-scnsitivc glazing designed to shrink and drop out of the vent opening when e x ~ o s c dto fire shall fully- open within 5 ~ninutesafter the . vent cavity is exposed to a simulated firc rcprcsentcd by a time-temperature gradient that reaches an air tempcrature of 500°F (260°C) within 5 minutes. 910.3.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Whcrc installed in buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system, snloke and hcat vents shall he designed to operate automatically. 910.3.2.3 NonsprinMered buildings. Whcrc installed in buildi~lgsnot equipped with an approved automatic spr~nlilersystem, smokc and heat vcnts shall operate auton~aticallyby actuation of a heat-respons~vedcvice rated at between 100°F (56°C) and 220°F (1 22°C) abovc amb~ent. Exception: Gravity-operated drop out vents complying with Section 910.3.2.1. 910.3.3 Vent dimensions. Thc cfkctivc venting a-ea shall not be less than 16 square fcet (1.5 m') with no dimension less than 4 fcet ( 1 21 9 mm), excluding rihq or gutters having a total width not exceeding 6 ~nchcs(152 mm). 910.3.4 Vcnl locations. Smolic and hcat vents sllall be located 20 fcet (6096 mm) or Inore from adjacent lot lines and fire walls and 10 feet (3048 mm) or more from firc barrier walls. Vents shall be uniformly located within t11c roof area abovc high-piled storage areas, with consideration given to roof pitch, draft curtain location, sprinkler location and structural members. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
I
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
TABLE 910.3 ~
.
- -
~
..
~~
~. .
REQUIREMENTS .... FOR DRAFT CURTAINS AND SMOKE T-.p AND HEAT VEN
..
I
~
i OCCUPANCY GROUP AND COMMODITY
I
1
DESIGNATED STORAGE HEIGHT
I
i
1
_
I
Group F- 1 and S- 1
-
High-piled stolxgc I (see Section
120
I-IV
>70110
I
I i
1
I
5 20
I
1I ~.
High hazard (Option 1)
-
-
I
.
1
+~.-
~
I
8,000 3.000 ~-
I
I I +
1.75
.
-
e " .I . .
> 20
i1
30
I
6
OF VENT CENTE ~~. . - .~-
+1
1:75
,
i
1
6000 .
1:50
6
1
1
6.000 .-
I
,
I:10
i
.
4
5 20
~
1
.A
i
-
!
4
-11
p p -
1 MAXIMUM SPACI
4
1:50 I
2,000
!
i
i
('0
~~~-
.
~~
..
4! I
1
100
1
4
(see Section 910.2.3) i High h a ~ n d > 20 30 (Option 2) _ ....p-pp--~-I -.. ~
VENT-AREA-TO FLOOR-AREA RATIO' .
I
I
4
!
- .. 1
~
4
j
I
6
1
I
High--piledstorage
1 1
.-C
J L_
I
1
High-piled storage , (see Section 9 10.2.3) 1
1 (see Section 9 10.2.3) 1
FORMED BY DRAFT CURTAINS square..feet) .._.-
100
I
I-IV
1
MiNlMuM DRAFT CURTAIN DEPTH (feet)
I
I
/
(Oution 1)
~-
~
j
i
55
I I
1 ..
1
100 -
-
. ...
100
~ L L
1
I
---
-
~
.
~
55
.-
~~
-! I
1
50 -
i
! ~ - -
j i ,_
1
1
100
1:30 75 ....~ . i i . . .
50
I I
.
! .-I
40 - -
.
For SI: I foot = 304.8 m ~ n 1, square k ~ o = t 0.0929 m'. a. Rcquil-cmeuts for rack storage heights in excess o f those indicated sllall be in accordance with Chapter 23. For solid-piled storage heights in c x c ~ s sof those indicated. an appn)ved eiigineered dcsign shall be uscd. b. The distance specified is thc ~naximomdistancc Srom ally vcnt inaparticulardraii cuitainednrea to walls or draft cuttnins which fomi the perimctcrof thc d~.aftccrtained area. c. Where draft curtains are not rccjoil.ed, the vcnt area to floor area ratio shall bc calcu'11ed based on a n ~ i ~ ~ i r n draft c ~ ~cu~tain n depth of 6 k e t (Option 1 ). d. " H is the height of thc vent, io fcet. ahove the floor.
910.3.5 Draft curtains. Where required, draft curtains shall bc provided in accordance with this scction. Exception: Where areas of buildings are eqilippcd with ESFR sprinltlers, draft curtain? shall not be provided within these areas. Draft curtains \hall only be provided at thc separation between the ESFR sprinklers and the conventlonai sprinklers. 910.3.5.1 Construction. Draft curtains shall be constructed of sheet rnctal, lath and plaster. gypsum board or other approved materials that provide equivalent performance to resist the passage of sn~oke.Joints and connections shall be smokc tight. 910.3.5.2 Location and dcpth. The location and ininimum depth of draft curtains shall be in accordance with Table 9 10.3. 910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by the fire code official, engineered mechanical smoke exhaust shall bc an acceptable altei-nativc to smoke and heat vents. 910.4.1 Location. Exhaust fans shall be unifol-mly spaced within each draft-curtained area and the maxi~nurndistancc between fans shall not be greater than I00 feet (30 480mm). 910.4.2 Size. Fans shall have a in ax it nun^ individual capacity of 30,000 cfin (14.2 rn31s). Thc aggregate capacity of sniokc exhaust fans shall bc determined by the cquation: C=A x300 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
(Equation 9-10)
where: C = Capacity of mechanical ventilation required. in cubic feet per minute (mils).
A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet (in?) in accordance with Table 910.3. 910.4.3 Operation. Mechanical smoke cxhaust Pans shall be automatically activated by the autotnatic sprinkler system or by heat detectors liaviilg operating characteristics equivalent to those described in Scction 9 10.3.2. I~ldividual ~nanualcontrols for each fan unit shall also bc provided. 910.4.4 Wiring and control. Wiring for operation and control of smolie exhaust fans shall be connected ahead of thc main disconnect and protected against exposure to telnpcratures in excess of l.OOO°F (538°C) for a pcriod of not lcss than 15 minutes. Controls shall be located so as to be imrncdiately accessible to the fire service from the cxtcrior of the building and protected against interior fire exposure by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 hour. 910.4.5 Supply air. Supply air for cxhaust fans shall bc providcd at or near the floor lcvel and shall be sized to prov~dea 1ninimu111of 50 percent of requlred cxhaust. Openings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the pcriphcry of the area scrved. 910.4.6 Interlocks. On combination comfort air-haudlinglsmoke removal systcrns or independent co~nfort 97
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
air-handling systems, fans shall b e controlled to s h u t d o w n in accordance with the approved s m o k e control sequence.
2. W1-~ercquantities of hazardous materials specified in T a b l e 9 11.1 e x c e e d t h e m a x i m u m allowable q t ~ a n t i t i c s i n T a b l e 2703.1 .I (1). Such areas shall b e provided with explosion (defagration) venting, explosion (deflagration) prevention systems, o r barric a d e s in accordance with this section a n d NFPA 6 9 , o r NFPA 4 9 5 a s applicable. Dcflagration venting sl-la11 n o t b c utilizcd a s a nleans to protect buildings - f r o m detonation hazards.
SECTION 91 1 EXPLOSION CONTROL
911.1 General. Explosion control shall b e provided in t h e fol-
9 1 ~Required ~2 denagrationventing. heas that are rcquil-cd
lowing locations:
t o b c provided with detlagration venting shall c o m p l y with t h e following:
1 . W h e r e a stmcturc, room o r space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards a s identified i n T a b l e 9 1 1.1.
--,.
....
1. Walls, ceilings a n d roofs exposing s ~ ~ r r o u n d i nareas g shall bc designed t o rcsist a m i n i ~ n u minternal prcssurc
TABLE 911.1 EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS - .~ 7--~
~
...~
~
~.- . ...
~
~
-
~
~~
~
Explosion (deflagration) venting Barricade
CLASS --
-~
.
~
.
-
Hazard Category -. . . -
ji i 1
Explosives
~
;
.
Division Division Division Division Division Division .
1.I 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 .
I
I
II .
~
1 j IJnclassilied detonable - I . -.
I
!1.~
lOxitlizer liquids and . solitls 1 . .. IPyropho~ic -
-
. .
.
1
.
1 ...
1
--
i
I
I
I I 1 L~
.
.
i
. !
Requ~red Kequlred Required
.--
-
~
.-
.
~
-! i
-
Special Uses - . --
-
Required Required Not.required .. -~
i
-
-
Not required Not required
1
If
..
~
-
-
. ~.
-
I Where explo51on hazard5 exlstd -
-
- .
-
~ ..~ . -
i
! I
i
-
Not permitted .. . . ~ R e~.q ~. ~~.i r e d ~-
- -
-
~
~~~~
.. - -
.~
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
Not penni~tctl Not permitted Required . ~
~
~~
~ -
~
-
.
I I
i
I i
.1
Not required
Required
Required
Not permitted
-
I
I i L
II
.
Rcquiretl ;Liquefied . .. petroleum . .as dis~rihution facilities .. . ._ .
iI
-
I
-
-
I
Not perin~tted Not pe~lnlttetl
1
.
--
1
~~
-
~
Required Required .
-
I 1 /
-
Not required
i
3 detonable 3 nondetonablc . ~
1
.
Water-reactive 11quid5and solid5
-
I
~-. --. -
~
Not required Not required
~.
4 -
- -
-
Gases
.
I
-
4-~
!
I Unstable (reactive) I
I
~
+. ..-----. . -~
:
~
No1 required Not required Ilequired Recluired Not required . E?"~~~i:?!i. Req~~ired Required
!
Not required Not requircd
iFlammable liquids ,~-. -
~
-----. -~ --..
~
I
-
.
Required
Required Required Not required Not required Required Required . .
1
Gaseous Liquefied
-...
~
-
~.
Not required
~.
-
-
.~
-
I
Cryogenic fluids --.. -.. .~
.
I
Co~nbustibledusts"
.
Detonation Deflagration . . .. - ..
I
I
-
--
- --
I I
.A
a . Co~nbustihlc(lusts that are generated during manufacturing or pn~crssing.See definition of Combustible Dust in Chapter 2. b. S~crmgcor use. c. In ope11 use or dispensir~g. d. Roonis containinp dispcusing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environnrcntcan occur because of'tlle charactcl.istics o~-t~:~ture of t11c hazal-docis mulcrials or as a rcsult of thc dispensing or use procchs. e. \i method of explosion cnnlrol shall he providcd when Class 2 watrr-reactive materials can l'orm potentially explosi~emixtures. 98
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
~
I
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
of I00 pni~ndspcr square foot (psf) (4788 Pa). The rninimum internal design pressure shall not bc less than five times the maxiniurn internal rel~efpressure specificcl in Section 91 1.2, Item 5. 2. Dcflagration vcnting shall be providcd only in exterior walls and roofs.
Exception: Wherc sufficient exterior wall and roof venting cannot be provided because of inadequate exterior wall or roof area. deflagration vent~ngshall bc allowed by specially designed shafts vented to the cxterior of the building.
3. Deflagration venting shall be designed to prevent unacdamage. Where relieving a deflagraceptable stnict~~ral tion, vcnt closul.es shall not produce projectiles of sufficient vclocity and mass to causc life threatening injuries to the occupants or other persons on the property or adjacent public ways. 4. The aggregate clear area of vents and venting deviccs shall be govcrned by the pressure resistance of the constructiorl asscmblics specified in Item 1 of this section and the maximum internal pressure allowed by Item 5 of this section. 5. Vents shall be dcsigned to withstand loads in accordance B~iilrli?zgCOC~C. Vents shall consist with the I~~tci~r~ntiot~rrl of any one or any combination of the following to relieve m prcssure of 20 pounds pcr square at a ~ n a x i ~ n uinternal foot (958 Pa). but not less than the loads required by the Irzterrz~rtio~~al Briilding Code: 5.1. Exterior walls designed to release outward
5.2. Hatch covers.
5.3. Outward swinging doors 5.4. Roofs designed to ~ ~ p l i f t . 5.5. Vcnting dcviccs listed for the purpose.
6. Vents designed to release from theexterior walls or roofs of the building when vcnting a dctlagration shall discharge dircctly to the exterior of the building wherc an ~~noccupied space not less than 50 fect (1 5 240 mm) in width is provided between the extenor walls of the building and t11c property line. Exception: Vents complying with Item 7 of this scction.
7. Vcnts designed to rcmain attached to the building when venting a deflagration shall be so located that the discharge opening shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 nim) vertically from window openings and exits in the building and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally from exits in the building, from window openings and exits in adjacent buildings on the same PI-operty, and from the property line. 8. Discharge from vcnts shall not be into the intcrior of the building. 911.3 Explosion prevention systems. Explosion prevention systems shall be of an approvcd type ant1 installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 69. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
911.4 Barricades. Barricades shall be designcd and installed in accordance with NFPA 495.
SECTION 912 FlRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS 912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be i~istalledin accordance with the NFPA standard applicablc to the system design and shall comply with Sections 911.2 through 9 12.6. 912.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, buildings and landscaping, firc department connections shall bc so located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply the system will not obstruct access to the buildings for othcr tirc apparatus. The location of firc department connections shall bc approved. 912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections shall be located on the strcet side of builclings, fiilly visible and recognizable from the street or nearest point of firc dcpartment vehiclc access or as othcrwice approvcd by the firc code official. 912.2.2 Existing buildings. On cxisting buildings, whcrever the fire department connection is not visible to approaching tire apparatus, the fire dcpal-tmcnt connection shall bc indicated by an approvcd sign niountcd on thc strcet front or on the side of the building. Such sign shall h a w the letters " F D C at least 6 inches ( 152 ninl) high and words in letters at lcast 2 inches (5 1 mm) high or an arrow to indicate All such signs shall be subject to thc approval the locatio~~. of the firc code official. 912.3 Access. Immediate acccss to fix dcpnrtment conncctions \hall be maintained at all tinics and without obstruction by fences, bushes, tree\, walls or any othcr ol3.jcct for a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm). 912.3.1 Locking fire department connection raps. The firc code official is authorized to require locliing caps on tire departmcnt connections for water-based tirc protection systems whcre the responding fire departmcnt carries appropriate I c y wrenches for removal. 912.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised lettcrs at least I inch (25 nun) in size shall be mounted on all fire dcpartrnent connections serving automatic sprinlclcrs. standpipes or tirc pump connections. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS or STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION or a conibination thereof as applicable. 912.5 Backflow protection. Thc potablc watcr supply to automatic sprinliler and standpipc systenls shall be protected against bacl
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
SECTION 913 FlRE PUMPS 913.1 Gcncral. Where provided, fire punrps shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 20. 913.2 Protection against interruption of service. The fire pump. driver. and controller shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 29 against possible interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire. flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm, freezing. vandalism and other adverse conditions. 913.3 'l'emperature of pump room. Suitable means shall be provided for maintaining the terrlperature of a pump room or pump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C). 913.3.1 Engine manufacturer's recommendation. Temperature of the pump room, pump house or area where engines are installed shall never be lcss than the rilininlum recommended by the engine manufacturer. The engine manufacturer's recominendatio~lsfor oil heaters shall be followed. 913.4 Valve supervision. Where provided, the fire pump suction, discharge and bypass valves, and the isolation valves on the backflow prevention device or assembly shall be supervised open by one of thc following methods. 1. Central-station, proprietary or remote-station signaling service.
2. Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an audible signal at a constantly attended location. 3. Locking valves open.
4. Sealing of valves and approved week1y recorded inspection where valves are located within fenced enclosures under the control of the owner.
913.4.1 Test outlet valve supervision. Fire pump test outlet valves shall hc supclvised in the closed position. 913.5 Testing and maintenance. Fire pumps shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this section and NFPA 25. 913.5.1 Acceptance test. Acceptance testing shall be done in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 20. 913.5.2 Generator scts. Engine gcnerator sets supplying emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies shall be periodically tested in accordance with NFPA 110. 913.5.3 Transfer switches. Automatic transfer switches shall be periodically testcd in accordance with NFPA 110. 913.5.4 Pump room environmental conditions. Tests of pump rooni environmental conditions, including heating, ventilatioil and illumination shall be made to ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the associated equipment.
SECTION 914 FlRE PROTECTION BASED ON SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS OF USE AND OCCUPANCY 914.1 General. This section shall specify where fire protection systems are required hasetl on the detailed requirements of use Building Code. and occupancy of thc I~~tcrr~n/iolzul 914.2 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings shall comply with Sections 914.2.1 through 914.2.4. 914.2.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The covcred mall building and buildings connected shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance wit11 Section 903.1.1, which shall comply with the following: 1. The automatic sprinkler systcm shall be complete and operative throughout occupied space in the covered mall building prior to occupancy of any of the tcnant spaces. Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly protected unless provided with approved alternate protection. 2. Sprinkler protection for the mall shall be independent from that provided for tcnant spaces or ancl1ol.s. Where tenant spaces are supplied by the same system, they shall be independently controlled.
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in spaccs or areas of open parking garages constructcd in accordance with Section 406.2 of the Itlternntioizal Blrilditlg Code. 914.2.2 Standpipe system. The covered mall building shall be equippcd throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section 905. 914.2.3 Emergency voicelalarm communication system. Covcred mall buildings exceeding 50,000 square fcet (4045 m2j in total floor area shall be provided with an emergency voicelalarm communication system. Emergency voice/alarm communication systems serving a mall, required or otherwise, shall be accessible to the firc department. The systcm shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2. 914.2.4 Fire department access to equipment. Roonls or areas containing controls for air-conditioning systems, automatic fire-extinguishing systcms or other detection, suppression or control elements shall be identified for use by the fire department. 914.3 High-rise buildings. 1-Iigh-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 914.3.1 through 914.3.5. 914.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings and strucsprintures shall be equipped throughout with an a~~tomatic kler systcm in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and a secondary water supply where rcquircd by Section 903.3.5.2. Exception: An automatic sprinkler systcm shall not be rcquired in spaces or areas of: 1. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.3 of the Z~ztrrnationalBuildillg Codc. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
2. Telecomn~unication equipment buildings used exclusively for tclecoinmunications equipment. associated electrical power distribution equipment. batteries and standby engines, provided that those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic fire derection system in accordancc with Section 907.2 and are separatcd from the remainder of thc building with firc barriers consisting of not less than I -hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assemblies.
914.3.2 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Scction 907.2.12.1. 914.3.3 Emergency voicelalarm communication system. An cmcrgency voicelalaml communication system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2. 914.3.4 Fire department communication system. A two-way firc department communication system shall be provided for fire department use in accordance with Section 907.2.1 2.3. 914.3.5 Fire command. A fire command center complying with Section 509 shall be provided in a location approved by thc firc department. 914.4 Atriums. Atriums shall comply with Sections 914.4.1 and 9 13.4.2. 914.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler systeru shall be installetl throughout the enlirc building. Exceptions: 1. That area of a building adjacent to or above the atrium necd not be sprinklercd, provided that portion of the building is separated from the atrium portion by not less than a 2-hour firc barrier.
2. Wherc the ceilings of thc atrinn~are more than 55 feet (1 6 764 mm) abovc the floor. sprinkler pr-otection at the ceiling of the atrium is not required.
914.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided where required by Section 907.2.13. 914.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall comply with Scctions 914.5.1 through 914.5.6. 914.5.1 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level of exit discharge serving the underground portions of the building and all levels below shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 . I . Watei--flow switches and control valves shall be supcrviscd in accordance with Scction 903.4. 914.5.2 Smoke control system. A smoke control system is required to control the migration of products of coinbustion in accordancc with Scction 909 and provisions of this section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of smoke to the general area of fire origin and maintain means of cgress ir; a usable condition. 914.5.3 Compartment smoke control system. Wherc compartmentation is required by Section 405.4 of the Interrzational Buiklirlg Code. each compartment shall have an 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
independent smoke-control system. The system shall be autoinatically activated and capable of manual operation in accordance with Section 907.2.1 8.
914.5.4 Fire alarm system. A firc alarm system shall be provided where required by Scction 907.2.19. 914.5.5 Public address. A public address system shall be provided whcre required by Scction 907.3.19.1. 914.5.6 Standpipe system. The underground building shall be provided throughout with a standpipc system in accordance with Section 905. 914.6 Stages. Stages shall comply with Scctions 914.6.1 and 914.6.2. 914.6.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall bc equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinltlcrs shall be installed under the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleries over the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed indressing rooms, perfomler lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to such stages. Exceptions: 1. Sprinklers are not rcquircd under stage areas less than 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height utilized exclusively for storage of tables and chairs. provided the concealed space is scparated from the adjacent spaces by not lcss than '/,-inch (1 5.9 n ~ m ) Typc X gypsu~nboard.
2. Sprinklers are not requircd for stages 1,000 square feet (93 m2)or less in area and 50 feet (1 5 240 mm) or less in height where curtains; scenery or other combustible hangings are not retractable vertically. Combustible hangings shall be limited to a singlc main curtain. borders, legs and a single backdrop. 3. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra enclosures on stages.
914.6.2 Standpipe systen~.Standpipe systems shall be provided in accordance with Section 905. 914.7 Special amusement buildings. Special amuscment buildings shall comply with Sections 914.7.1 and 914.7.2. 914.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systeru. Special amuscmcnt buildings shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accorda~icewith Section 903.3.1.1. Where the special amuscment building is temporary, thc sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary means. Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not rccluired w hcrc the total floor area of a temporary special amuscment building is lcss than 1.000 square feet (93 m') and the travel distance from any point to an exit is less than 50 feet (1 5 240 mm). 914.7.2 Automatic fire detection. Spccial amusement buildings shall be equipped with an aatomatic fire detection system in accordance with Scction 907.2.1 1.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
' 1
1 1
914.8 Aircraft-related occttpancies. Aircraft-related occupancics shall comply with Scctions 914.8.1 through 9 14.8.5. 914.8.1 Automatic fire detection systems. Airport traffic control towers shall bc ~rovidedwith an automatic fire detection \ystcm installed in accordance with Section 907.2. 914.8.2 Fire suppression. Aircraft hangars shall be p ~ o vided with T I I ~suppression as required by NFPA 409.
Exception: Group I1 hangars, as defined in NFPA 409, storing private aircraft without major maintenance or ovcrhaul are cxe~nptfrom foam supprcssion rcquircmcnts. 914.8.3 Finishing. The process of "doping," involving the uss of a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting shall be I carried on in a separate detached building cquipped with automatic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordance with 1 Section 903. 1 914.8.4 Residential aircraft hangar smolie alarms. Smoke alarms shall be provided within residential aircraft hangars in accoldancc with Section 907.2.21. 914.8.5 Aircraft paint hangar fire suppression. Aircraft I paint hangars shall be provided with fire supprcssion as required by NFPA 409. 914.9 Application oF flammable finishes. An automatic fire-extinguishing system shall be provided in all spray, dip and immersing spaces and storage rooms, and shall be installed in accordance with Chaptcr 9.
'
1 /
I
914.10 Ilrying rooms. Dlying rooms dcsigncd for high-hazard materials and proccsscs. including special occupancies as provided for in Chapter 4 of the 1tite1-nntiolzalBuilding Code, shall he protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with thc provisions of Chaptcr 9.
CHAPTER 10
MEANS OF EGRESS SECT1ON 1001 ADMINISTRATION
1001.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof shall be proby this chapter. vidcd with a nieans of egress system as req~~ircd The provisions of this chapter shall control the dcsign, construction and arrangement of means of egress components required to provide an approved means of egress fro111 structures and portions thereof. Sections 1003 through 1026 sllall apply to new construction. Sections 1027 and 1028 shall apply to existing buildings. Exception: Detached one- dnd two-family dwell~ngsand multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than three storics abovegrade plane in height with a separate nicarlc of egress and their accessory slructures shall conlply with the hrrcu~ntiorrnlResid~rltialCorlc. 1001.2 Minimum requirements. It shall be unlawful to altcr a building or slructure in amanncr that will reduce the number of exlts or thc capacity of the means of egress to less than requ~rcd by this code.. [B] SECTION 1002 DEFINITIONS 1002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for thc purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point in a building or facility to a public way. AISLE. An exit acccss component that defines and provides a path of esress travel. AISLE ACCESSWAY. That portion of an exit access that leads to an aisle. ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that has a series d steps betwecr~50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and 1.22 rad) from horizontal, usually attached to a center support rail in an alternating manncr so that the user does not havc both feet on thc salnc lcvcl at thc samc timc. AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to use stairways can rc~naintemporarily to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation. BLEACtIERS. 'Tiered scating facilities. COMMOK PAT13 OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That uortion of exit acccss which the occupants are required to traverse before two scparatc anci distinct paths of cgress travel to two exits are available. Paths that merge arc common paths of travel. Conlrnon paths of cgrcss travcl shall be included within the permitred travcl distance. COKIIIDOR. An cnclosccl exit access component that defines and provides a path of egl-ess travel to an exit. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
DOOR, BALANCED. A door equipped with do~~ble-pivolcd hardware so designed as to cause a semicounterbalanced swing action when opening. EGRESS COUIYI: A court or yartl which provides access to a public way for one or more exits. EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. An ar that provides for operable window. door or other s ~ n ~ i ldevice a mcans of escape and access for rescue in the event of an clncrgency. EXI'E: That portion of a mcans of egress systcm which is scparated from other interior spaces of a building or structurc by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as required to provide a protected path of egress travcl between e . include cxtcrior exit the exit access and the cxit d i s c l ~ ~ r gExits doors at ground level, exit enclosures, exit passageways. cxtcrior exit stairs, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits. EXIT, HORIZONTAL. A. path of egress travcl from onc building to an area in another building on approximately the same level, or apath of egrcss travel through or around awall or partition to an areaon approximately the same level in the samc building, which affords safety from fire and smoke fro111 the area of incidcncc and arras comniunicatiug therewith. EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a nle'tns of cgress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an cxit. EXIT DTSCHAIZGE. That portion of a means of cgrcss system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. The hori7ontal plane located at the point at which an exit terminates and an exit d ~ s chargc begins. EXIT ENCLOSIJKE. An exit component that is separatctl from otllcr interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protcctivcs, and provides for-a protected path of egress travel i l l a vertical or horizontal direction to the exit discharge or the public way. EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit componei~tthat is separated from all orhcr interior spaccs of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protcctivcs. and provides for a protected path of cgress travel in a horizontal direction to the cxit discharge or the public way.
FIIIE EXIT HARDWARE. Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire door assemblies.
FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The
withill illside imcter of the exterior walls of the building under considcratiol~, exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without dctluction for co1-I-idors. stairways, closcts. the thickness of interior walls, colulnns or. other features. The floor area of a buildinr. or .nortion u thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall bc the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or 103
MEANS OF EGRESS
floor above. The gross tloor area shall not include shafts with no openings or interior courts.
F1,OOIZ AREA, NET, The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets. FOI,I)IN<: AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Tiered scating Ihcilitics having an overall shape and size that are capable of bcing rcduccd for purposes of moving or storing. GRANIXWAND. 'Tiered seating i'acilities. GUARD. A building component or a system of building con]poncnts locatcd at or near the open sides of clcvated walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall from the walking surface to a lower level. HANDRAII,. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for grasping by the hand for guidance or support. MEANS OF EGRESS. A contiuuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access. the exit and the exit discharge. R'lEIZCHANDISE PAD. A merchandise pad is an area for display of merchandise surrounded by aisles. permanent fixtures or walls. Merchandise pads contain elements such as nonfixed and movcablc fixtorcs, cascs, racks, counters and partitions as indicntcd in Scction 105.2 of the Inten~utioilulBuilding Code from which custoiners browse or shop. NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of landings at the top of stairway flights. OCCUPANT LOAD. The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed. PANIC HARDWARE. A door-latching assembly incorporating a device that releases the latch upon the application of a force in the direction of egress travel. PUBI,IC WAY. A succt, alley or othcr parcel of land open to the outside air leading to a street, that has been deeded. dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clcar width and height of not lcss than 10 feet (3048 mm). RAMP. A walking surfi~ccthat has arunning slopc steeper than one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope). SCISSOIZ STAIR. Two interlocking stairways providing two scparate palhs of egress located within one stairwellenclosure. SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING. Seating served by means of egrcss that is not subject to sluoke accumulation within or under a structure. STAIR. A change in clcvation, consisting of one or more riscrs. STAIRWAY. One or inore flights of stairs, either exterior or interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one level to another. STAIRWAY, EXTERIOIP. A stairway that is open on at least one side, except for required structural colun~ns,beams. hand-
rails and guards. The adjoining opcn areas shall bc either yards. courts or public ways. The c.)thcr sides of the cxterior stairway need not be opcn.
STAIRWAY, INTISKIOR. A stairway not ~ncctingthe definition of an exterior stairway. STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway having a closed circul;ir form in its plan vicw with uniform section-shaped trcads attached to and radiating from a minim~um-diametcrsupporting column. WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges. [B] SECTION 1003 GENERAL MEANS OF EGRESS 1003.1 AppIicability. The general requirements specified in Sections 1003 thro~igh10 13 shall apply to all three clenlents of the means of egress system. in addition to those specific requirements for the exit access, thc esit and the exit discharge detailed elsewhere in this chapter.
1003.2 Ceiling height. The means of egress shall havc a ceiling height of not less than 7 fect 6 inches (2286 mm).
1
Exceptions: 1 . Sloped ccilings in accordancc with Scction 1208.2 of the Iiztrnlutiorzal B~lildi~zg Code. 2. Ceilings of dwelling units and sleeping units within residential occupancics in accordance wjth Scction B~filtlirzgCode. 1208.2 of thc Ii?te~-izatlont~l 3. Allowable projections in accordance with Scction 1003.3. 4. Stair headroom in accordance with Section 1009.2. 5. Door height in accordance with Scction 1008.1.1. 1003.3 Protruding objects. Protruding objects shall conlply with the requirements of Sections 1003.3.1 through 1003.3.4. 1003.3.1 Headroom. Protruding objects arc permitted to extend below the minimum ceiling height rcquircd by Section 1003.2 provided a minimum headroom of 80 inches (2032 mm) shall be provided for any walking surface. including walks, corridors, aisles and passageways. Not morc than 50 percent of the ceiling area of a means of egrcss shall be reduced in height by protiuding objects. Exception: Door. closcrs and stops shall not reduce headroom to less than 78 inches (1981 mm). A barrier shall bc provitled where the vertical clearance 1s less than 80 inches (2032 mm) high. The lending edge of such a barricr shall bc locatcd 27 inches (686 nun) maximum above the floor.
1003.3.2 Free-standing objects. A free-standing object rno~uitedon a post or pylon shall not overhang that post or pylon more than 4 inches (I 02 mm) where the lowest point N of the leading edgc is more than 27 inches (686 mmj and less than 80 inches (2032 mm) above the walkine surface. Where a sign or other obstruction is mounted between posts or pylons and the clear distance between the posts or pylons L
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
is greater than 12 inches (305 nim), the lowest edge of such sign or obstructiotl shall bc 27 inches (685 mm) niaximum or 80 inchcs (2030 nim) niini~numabove the finished floor or ground.
Exception: This requirement shall not apply to sloping portions of handrails scrving stairs and ramps. 1003.3.3 Horizontal projections. Structural elements, fixtures or furnishings shall not project horizontally from eithcl- side more than 4 inches (102 rum) over any wallting surfacc between the heights of 27 inches (686 mm) and 80 inches (2032 nun) abovc the walking sul-face. Exception: khndra~lsscrving stairs and raliips are permitted to protrude 4.5 inchcs (1 14 rnm) fro111 the wall. 1003.3.4 Clear width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the niinirnum clear width of accessible routes as required in Scction 1101 of the hrt~rriatio?iulBuilding Code. 1003.4 Floor surface. W ~ ~ l k i nsurfaces g of the means of egress shall have a slip-rcsistant surfacc and be securely attached. 1003.5 Elevation change. Where changes in elevation of lcss than 12 inches (305 mm) exist in the means of egress, sloped surfaces sliall be uscd. Where the slope is greater than one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), ramps co~nplying with Scction 1010 shall be used. Wherc the difference in elevation is 6 inclies (152 nim) or less, the ramp shall be equipped with either handrails or flour finish materials that contrast with adjacent floor finish materials. Exceptions: I. A bingle step with a maximum riser height of 7 inchcs (1 78 mm) is pennittedfor buildings with occupancies in Croups F. H, R-2 and R-3 and Groups S and U at exterior doors not required lo be accessible by Chap~g ter 1 1 of the Irztewiationnl B ~ ~ i l d i iCode. 2. A stair with a single riser or with two risers and a tread is permitted at locations not rcquired to be accessible Buildirzg Code, by Chapter 1I of the Zrttem~ntior~al provided that thc risers and treads comply with Section 1009.3. the rnininium depth of the tread is I3 inchcs (330 m n ~ and ) at least onc harldrail complying with Scction 1012 is provided within 30 inches (762 n i n ~ )of tlie centerline of the normal path of egress travel on the stair. 3. A stcp is permitted in aisles sclving seating that has a difference in elevation lcss than 12 inches (305 mm) at locations not required to be accessible by Chapter 1 1 of the Irztcni~tiorzalB~tildingCodc. provided that the risers and treads comply with Section 1025.1 1 and the aisle is provided with a handrail conlplying with Section 1025.13.
A n y c h a n g e in e l e v a t i o n in a c o r r i d o r s e r v i n g nonamhulatory persons In a Group 1-2 occupancy shall be by nicans of a ramp or sloped walkway.
1003.6 Means of egress continuity. The path of egress travel along a means ofegress shall not he interrupted by any building elemcnt other than a Incan4 of cg~esscorrlponent as spccified In this chapter. Obstructions shall not Ibe placed in the required
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
width of a means of egress except projections pern~ittedby this chapter. The required capacity of a means of egress system shall not be diminished along the path of cgrcss travel.
1003.7 Elevators, escalators and moving wallts. Elevators. escali~torsand rnoving walks shall not be used as a conlponent of a rcquired means of egress from any other part of thc building. Exception: Elevators usctl as an acccssible means of egrcs\ in accordance with Section 1007.4.
[B] SECTION 1004 OCCUPANT LOAD 1004.1 Design occupant load. In deter~niningmeans of cgrcss requirements, the number of occupants for who111niexns of egress facilities shall he provided shall bc dctcmmined in accordance with this section. Where occupants from accessory areas egress through a primary space, the calculated occupant load for the primary space shall include the total occupant load of the primary space plus the number of occupants egressing through it fro111 the accessory arca.
1004.1.1 Areas without fixed seating. Thc number of occupants shall be computcd at the rate olonc occupant per unit of area as prescribed in Table 1004. I. 1. For areas without fixed seating, the occupant load shall not be less than that number determined by dividing the floor area under consideration by tlie occupant per unit of area factor assigned to the occupancy as set forth in Table 1004.1.1. Whcrc an intended use is not listed in Table 1004.1.1: thc building official shall establish a use based on a listed use tliar most nearly rcsembles tlic intended use. Exception: Where approvcd by the building official, the actual number of occupants for whom each occ~~picd space, floor or buildrng is designed, although less than those determined by calculation, shall be pcrmiltcd to be used in the determination of the design occupant load. 1004.2Increased occupant load. The occupant load permitted in any building, or portion thereof, is permitted to be increased from that number established for the occupancies in Table 1004.1.I , provided that all other requirements of the code are also met based on such modified number and the occupant load does not cxcced one occupant per 7 square feet (0.65 ~n') of occupiable floor space. Where required by thc tire code ofticia], an approved aisle, seating or fixed equipment diagram substantialing any increasc in occupant load sl~allbe submitled. Where required by the fire code official, such diagram shall be posted. 1004.3 Posting of occupant load. Every room or spacc that is an assembly occupancy shall have the occupant load of tlic room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit or exit access doorway from the room or spacc. Posted signs shall bc of an approvcd lcgible permanent design and sliall be maintained by the owner or authorized agent. 1004.4 Exiting from multiple levels. Wherc exits scrve lilore than one tloor, only the occupant load of cach floor considered individually shall be used in computing the rcqnircd capacity of the exits at that floor, provided that the exit capacity shall not decrease in the dircctio~~ of egress travel.
C
I
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
TABLE 1004.1.1
, AircrfKthangars Airport tcrminal Baggagc claim Baggage handling Concourse Waiting areas .- .
FLOOR AREA IN S
500 oross -.__
1
-
-
--
-
1I 1 ) 1
- ---
I
1
20 gross 300 gross 100 gross 15 gross
j -
1004.5 Egress convergence. Where means of egrcss from floors above and below converge at an il~ter~i~cdiate level, the capacity of the means o r egress from thc point of convergence shall not be less than the sum of the two floors.
1
i'
-
Assembly
/ Sce Section 1004.7
Aswmbl-Ywjlh f i x e d e a t s ..~~ Assembly without fixed scats Concentrated (chairs only-not fixed) Standing space Unconcentrated(tables and c h a h Bowling centers, allow 5 persons for each lane including 15 feet of runway, and for "dcillona! areas . . . . .
+- -
-
--
--
-----
-~----
I i
1
1 1 1
~
-
-
-
j I
-
7 net 5 net 15net _
I
i
I
--
7 net
--
/ !
1004.6 Mezzanine levels. The occupant load of a mezzanine level with egress onto a room or area below shall be added to that room or area's occupant load, and the capacity of the exits shall be designed for the total occupant load thus established. 11004.7 Fixed seating. For areas having fixed seats arid aisles, the occupant load shall be determined by thc nunlbcr of fixcd seats installed therein. The occupant load for areas in which fixed seating is not installed, such as waiting spaces and whcelchair spaces, shall be determined in accordance with Section 1004.1 .I and added to the number of fixed seats. For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms, the occupant load shall not be less than the nunlber of seats based on one person for each 18 inches (457 m n ~of ) seating Iengtl-r. The occupant load of seating booths shall be based 011 one person for each 24 inches (610 mm) of booth seat length n-reasured at the backrest of thc seating booth.
~-1
-
11004.8 Outdoor areas. Yards, patios, courts and similar outi . ??Osross_ . _ _I . .IBusinessareasdoor areas accessible to and usable by the building occupants shall be provided with mcans of egress as required by this chapCourtro~!s-tke~than fixed~~?!ll!ganas-j.._ .... 40 net ter. The occupant load of such outdoor areas shall be assigned D ~ Y. - - . . ... 4.--35net 7by the fire code official in accordancc with the anticipated ~rsc. 50 gross Jh-mitorics :I Where outdoor areas are to be used by persons in addilion to thc Educational i i occupants of the building, and the path of egrcss travel from the I i 20 net Classroonl area outdoor areas passes through the building, means of egress I 50 net Shops and other vocational ---- r o o n ~ ~ c a s -_-_ . I 1 requirements for the building shall b e based on the sum of the 1 _ _ .50 I occupant loads of the building plus the outdoor areas. rooms. ,_. _ . gross .. .ExefGse ... 1 14-5 Fabrication . and nla~lufacturing,reas Exceptions: _ 2OOgc952-- _ _ . I Industrial areas . .. . I. Outdoor areas used exclusively for service of the roosross - I I building need only have one means of egress. Inslitutiorra1 areas I Inpatient treatment areas 2. Both outdoor areas associated with Group R-3 and i 1 100gross Outpatient areas individual dwelling units of Group R-2. --
i
- - -
~
-
~
---
~
-
------ -
-- - --
--
- -- - - -
~-~
--
Library Rcading rooms --Stack area Locker -. I-oom..; -
-
I
1 . .. .
..
+
1
. .
iI 1 1
Areas on other floors i Bascment and grade noor areas . ~iorcgc, stockl~s!1ip_pkgi~reas - _ 1
L
j Parkjcg gar~lgcs
. . -
j -_-Decks . .. .. . ~. ---
- ---1.I ...
-
i1
- --
~-
.- .. ~.. . . ..-
I Accessory storage areas, mechanical
-
1 square h o t
1
200 gross
. .. -
50 gross
i.. !s.z~?is.
.
-.-i I i
I
...... --
.
15 net
500 gross Fur SI:
I I 1
60 gross 30 gross
3 ~ g r c s s !- I j--~- -1200-gross .. . ~i
I
-~
1 4
-. .
.
. . . jRcsi(1cnlial 1I Skating rinks, swimming pools 1 Rink and pool
1 Stages a11d platfol-m?
50 net 100 gross _ _ 50 oross ~~--o
i
.
Mercantile
t
--
i
-~ -~~
- --
---
~-~
- - -
- -- - -
-
I
1
1004.9 Multiple occupancies. Where a building contains two or more occupancies, the means of egress requirements shall apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of that space. Where two or more occupancies utilize portions of thc same means of egress system. those egress components shall meet the more stringent requirernelits of all occupancies that are served. [B] SECTIQN 1005 EGRESS WIDTH 11005.11 Millinium required egress width. 'Thc n-reans of egress width shall not be lcss than required by this section. The total width of means of egress in inches (tnni) shall not be less than thc total occupant load senled by the means of egress multiplied by tl~efactorsin Table 1005.1 and not less than spccificd elsewhere in this code. Multiple mcans of egress sh:ill be sized such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce the available capacity to lcss than 50 percent of the required capacity. The n-raximum capacity rcquired from any story of a
= 0.092'1 m2.
2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE
CODE^
MEANS OF EGRESS
building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of cgrcss.
-
Exception: Means of cgrcss cornplying with Scction 1025.
I . Aisles and uncncloscd cgrcss stairnays in looma and spaces that rcquire two or more mcans of cgrcss.
TABLE 1005.1 EGRESS WIDTH PER OCCUPANT r-.-.SERVED ...-..
2. Corridors, exit cnclosurcs and cxit passageways in buildings requircd to havc two or nrvre cxits.
.
- -. - T-. -
--
I
1
I
~
~
WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM
j
I
1
~tairxrys ! (inches per
/ Other egress
/
L
components (inches per
??cuPnHcI ..~!occ~~azJ_-?CC~P~"LL i 1 Occupancies I 1 ( othel- Lhan Lhnsc. 1 0.3 i 0.2 / listed below . . -
1 ~~;,-3~,~1p!
'var ous: H-I,
I
H-4 -!. I
Insiil~ltl(:llal:1-2
~
1
WITH
SPRINKLER
/
SYSTEM*-1
0.2
/ i I I
discharge until cxit discharge is accomplished for buildings required to havc two or more exits.
occupant) --- ;
4. Interior exit dischargc elcments, as pcrrnitted in Scction 1024.1, in buildings recluired to havc two or itiorc cxits.
!
0.15
i
-
0.7
.. .
.!- -.-EL
/..-~
0.4
~-
.I--.
0.1
,
I
1
1005.2 Door encroachment. Doors opening into the path of egress travel shall not reduce the required width to less than onc-half during the course of the swing. When fully open, the door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into the rcquired width. Exception: The restrictions on a door swing shall not appry to doors within individual dwelling units nnd sleeping unlts of Group K-2 and dwelling units of Group R-3.
[B] SECTlON 1006 MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION 1006.1 Illunlination requircd. Thc means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be ill~iminatedat all times the building space servcd by the means of egress is occupied. 1 . Occupancies in Group U.
2. Aisle accessways in Group A.
3. Dwelling u~litsand slecping units in Groups R-I, R-2 and R-3. 4. Sleeping units of Group 1 occupancies.
1006.2 lllluminalion level. The means of egress il!umjnation lcvcl shall not be less than I Eoot-candle ( I 1 lux) at the walking surface levcl. Exception: R)r anditoriums, theaters, concert or opcw halls and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the walking surface lcvcl is perrlii~tedto be reduced during perlormanccs to not less than 0.2 foot-candle (2.15 lux), provided that the recluircd illumi~~ationis automatically restored upon activation of a premises' fire alarm systcn~ where such system is provided. 1006.3 Illumination emergency power. Tllc power suppl y for Incans of cgrcsq illumination shall nomlally be provided by the prc~~liscs' electrical hupply. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
5. Exterior landings, as rcquired by Scction 1008.1.5, for exit discharge doorways in buildings required to have two or more cxits.
4i The crncrgency power system shall provide power for a E.- j-.3 : ~I ~ duration . of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage .~ 0.2
For St: 1 inch = 25.1 mm.NA =Not applicable. ;I. BuiLdiogs cquipped throughout with an ;iutomatic sprinltler system in accordnncc w i ~ hSection 90.3.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
4
3. Exterior egress componcnts at other than the lcvcl of cxit
/
Other egress Stairways I components (inches per (inches per
.. -~ occupant) .
.
-
In the event of power supply failure, an emergency electrical systeim shall automatically illu~n~nate the following areas:
batteries, unit equipment or an on-sitc generator. Thc installation of the emcrgcncy power systerr~shall be in accordance with Section 1702 of the Irzten~~1tiorl~1l R~iildirzgCock.
1006.4 Performance of system. Emergency lighting ficilities shall he arrangcd to provide iriilial illumination that is at lcast an average of 1 foot-candle ( I I lux) and a rninin~u~n at any point of 0.1 foot-candle (1 lux) ~neasuredalong the path of egress at floor levcl. Illomination levels shall bc pem~ittcdto decline to 0.6 foot-candle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 foot-cundlc (0.6 lux) at the end of the ernergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illu111inationuniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not bc exceeded.
[B]SECTION 1007 ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS 1007.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessiblc Incans of egress shall coniply with this scction. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one acccssiblc rncans of egress. Where more than onc rneans of egrcss is required by Section 1015.1 or 1019.1 from any acccssihle spacc, each acccssiblc portion of the space shall be served by not less than two accessible means of egress. Exceptions:
I . Accessible mcans of egress arc not recl~iircdin altcrations to existing buildings. 2. One accessiblc means of egress is req~~ircd from an l c in accordancc with Sccaccessible r n e z ~ a n i ~level I tion 1007.3, 1007.4 or 1007.5. 3. In assembly spaccs with slopcd flooc-s,one accessible mcans of egrcss is requircd from a spacc whcre thc common path of travel of the acccssiblc r.oute for access to the wheelchair spaces mccts the rcquirc~nentsin Section 1015.8. 1007.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessible means of cgrcss shall be continuous to a puhlic way and shall consist of one or rnore of the rollowing components: I. Acccssiblc routcs comply~ngwith Scction I I04 of thc Im+~~.rzrrtiorznl Buildit1,q C o d .
MEANS OF EGRESS
2. Stairways within vertical exit enclosures complying with Sections 1007.3 and 1030.
automatic sprinkler system installccl in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1.
3. Extcrior cxit stairways complying with Sections 1007.3 and I 023.
3. The clear width of 48 inches (1219 1n1n) hctwccn handrails is not requircd at exit stairways in buildinms 6 9 or facilities equipped throughout witli an autornat~c sprinklcr system installed in accordnncc witli Scction 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
4. Elevators complying with Scction 1007.4.
5. Platfor~nlifts complying with Section 1007.5 6. IHorizontal exits complying w ~ t hScction 1021. 7. Ramps complying with Scction 1010. 8. Area5 of rcfuge complying with Section 1007.6.
Exceptions: 1. Whcrc the cxit discharge is not accessible, an extcrior arca for assistcd rcscuc must be provided in accordance witli Section 1007.8. 2. Wherc thc exit stairway is open to the exterior, the ;~cccssiblcmeans of egress shall include either an area of refuge in accordance with Section 1007.6 or an exterior area for assisted rescue in accordancc with Scction 1007.8.
1007.2.1 Elevators required. In buildings where a required accessible floor is four or more stories above or below a lcvel of exit discharge, at lcast one rcquired accessible means of egress shall bc an elevator colnplying with Section 1007.4. Exceptions: 1. 111buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinklcr system installcd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the elevator shall not be rcquired on floors provided wrth a horizontal exit and located at or above the level of exit discharge. 2. In buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. the clevator shall not be rcquired on floors provided with a ramp conforming to t!ie provisions of Section 1010.
1007.3 Exit stairways. In order to bc considered part of an accessible means of egress, an exit stairway shall have a clear width of 48 inchcs (1219 mm) minimum bctwccn handrails and shall either incorporate an arca of refuge within an enlarged floor-level landing or shall bc accessed from either an area of rcfuge colnplying with Section 1007.6 or a horizontal cxit. Exceptions: 1. Unenclosed exit stairways as permitted by Section 1020.1 are permitted to be considercd pall of an accessible mcans of egress.
2. The area of refugc is not required at unenclosed exit stairways as permitted by Section 1020. I in buildings or facilities that are equipped throughout with an
I
4. Thc clear width of 48 inches (1219 mm) betwecn handrails is not required for cxit stairways accessed I from a horizontal exit. 5. Areas of refuge arc not required at exit stairways serving open parking garagcs.
1007.4 Elevators. In order to he considercd part of an acccssible means of egress, an elcvator shall comply with the emcrgency operation and signaling device requirements of Section 2.27 of ASME A17.1. Standby power shall bc providcd in accordance with Section 604.2.5 of this code and Section 3003 of the Itzlen~utional Builditzg Code. The elevator shall be accessed from either an area of refuge complying with Scction 1007.6 or a horizontal exit. Exception: Elevators are not required to be acccssccl from an area of refuge or horizontal exit in opcn parking garages. 1007.5 Platform lifts. Platform (wheelchair) lifts shall not s c ~ v cas part of an accessible means of cgress, except where allowed as part of a rcquircd accessiblc route in Section 1 109.7, Items I through 9 of thc Inter-natiorzalRirildiizg C,'ode. Standby power shall be proviclcd in accordance with Scction 604.2.6 1 forplatform lifts permitted to serve as part of a means of egress. 1007.5.1 Openness. Platform lifts on an accessible means of egress shall not bc installed in a fully enclosed or firerated shaft. 1007.6 Areas of refuge. Every required arca of refiigc shall bc accessible from the spacc it scrvcs by an accessible means of egress. The maximum travel distance from any accessible space to an area of refuge shall not cxcced tl~ctravel distancc permitted for the occupancy in accordance with Section 1016.1. Every requircd area of rcfuge shall have direct acccss to an enclosed stairway complying with Sections 1007.3 and 1020.1 or an elevator complying with Scction 1007.4. Wherc an elevator lobby is used as an area of rcfilgc. the shaft and lobby shall comply with Section 1020.1.7 for smokeproof enclosures except where the elevators arc in an arca of refuse formed by a horizontal exit or smoke harrier. 1007.6.1 Size. Each arca of rcfuge shall bc sizcd to accommodate one wheelchair space of 30 inches by 48 inches (762 nim by I219 mm) for each 200 occupants or portion thercof, based on the occupant load of the arca of rcfugc and arcas servcd by the area of refuge. Such wheelchair spaces shall not rcducc the rcquired means of egress width. Acccss to any of thc required wheelchair spaces in an area of refugc shall not be obstructed by Inore than one adjoining wheelchair space. 1007.6.2 Separation. Each area of refi~geshall be separated from the remainder of thc story by a smoke balricr comply- I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
ing with Scction 709 of thc lrzten~citinrirtlBuilding Cbdr or a horizontal exit complying with Section 1021. Each al-ea of rcfugc shall bedesigned to minimize the intrusion of smoke.
Exception: Areas of refugc located within a vertical exit enclosu~-e. 1007.6.3 'livo-way communication. Areas of refuge shall bc provided with a two-way communication system between the area of rcfuge and a central control point. If the central control point is not constantly attended. the area of rcfuge shall also have co~itrolledaccess to a public telephone systcm. Location of the central control point shall be approvcd by thc tire department. The two-way communicati011system shall include buth audible and visible signals. 1007.6.4 Instructions. In areas of refuge that have a two-way emergency conl~nunicationssystem, instructiol~s on the use of the area under emergency conditions shall be posted adjoining the con~municationssystem. The instructions shall includc all of the following: I. Directions to find other mcans of egress.
2. Persons ablc to use the exit stairway do so as soon as possible, unless they are assisting others. 3. Information on planned availability of assistance in the use of stairs or supervised operation of elevators anti how to sumnion such assistancc. 4 Dircctions for u\e of the emergency communicdtiona systc111
1007.6.5 Identification. Each door providing access to an area of refugc from an adjacent floor area shall be idcntified hy a sign conlplying with ICC A1 17.1, stating: AREA OF REFUGE. and including the International Symbol of Acccss~bility.Where exit sign illumination is required by Section 1 0 1 1.2, the arca of refuge sign shall be illuminated. Additionally. tactile signagc complying with TCC A1 17.1 shall be located at each door to an area of refuge. 1007.7 Signage. At exits and elevators serving a required accessiblc space but not providing an approved accessiblc means of cgrcss, signage shall be installed indicating the location of accessible means of egress. 1007.8 Exterior area for assisted rescue. The exterior area for assisted rcscue must be open to the outside air and meet thc requireme~~ts of Section 1007.6.1. Separation walls shall comply with the requirements of Scction 704 of the I~~rc~rni!rional B~rildir,gCode for cxtcrior walls. Where walls or openings arc between the area for assisted rescuc and the inter-ior of the building, the building exterior walls witlii~l10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less t11a111 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall bc protected hy opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not lcss than ?I/, hour. This construction shall extcnd vertically frotn the ground to apoint 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor level of the area for assisted rescue or to Lhe roof line. whichever is lower. 1007.8.1 Openness. Thc exterior arca for assisred rescue shall be at lcast 50 perccnt open. and the open area above the guards shall bc so distributed as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1007.8.2 Exterior exit stairway. Extcrior cxit stairways that are ppa1-t of the means of cgress for thc cxtcrior area for assisted rescue shall provide a clcar width of 48 inches ( 1219 ill11i) between handrails. 1007.8.3 Identification. Extcrior areas for a\cisted rescuc shall have idcntilication as requircd for area of refuge that complies with Section 1007.6.5.
[B] SECTION 1008 DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES 1008.1 1)oors. Means of egress doors shall incct the requirements of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system shall meet the requirements of this section and Section 1017.2. Doors provided for egress purposes in umbers greater than requircd by this code shall meet the requirements of this section. Mcans of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Mcans of cgress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, dccoraLions or similar materials.
1008.1.1 Size of doors. 'The minimum width of cach door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a clear width of not less than 32 inchcs (813 mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging cloors shall be measured between the face of thc door ancl the stop. with thedoor open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Whcre this section reqnires a minimum clear width of 32 inclres (8 13 ~ n m and ) a door opening includes two door leaves without a n~ullion. one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). Thc maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall bc 48 inchcs (1219 mm) nominal. Means of cgrcss doors in a Group 1-2 occupancy used Ihr the movement of beds shall providt: a clcar width not less than 41.5 inches (1054 mm). The height of doors shall not be lcss than 80 inches (2032 mm). Exceptions: 1. The minimum and maximum width shall not apply
to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies. 2. Door openlngs to resident sleeping unils in Group 1-3occupancies shall have a clcar width of not lcss than 28 inches (7 11 mm). 3. Door openings to ~torageclosets lcss than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in area shall not be limited by the minimum width. 4. Width ofdoor leafs in revolving doors that comply with Section 1008.1.3.1 shall not bc limited. 5. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall not be less than 78 inches (1981 nim) in hcight.
0. Exterior door openings in dwclling units and slecping units, other than the required exit door,
MEANS OF EGRESS
shall not bc lcss than 76 inches (1930 mm) in hcight.
1008.1.3. L Revolving doors. Revolving doors shal l cornply with the following:
7. In other than Group R-l occupancies, thc mininium widths shall not apply to interior egrcss doors within a dwclling unit or sleeping unit that is not rcquired to be an Accessible unit, Type A unit or Typc B unit.
I. Each revolving door shall be capable of collapsing into a bool
8. Door openings rcquired to be acccssible within Type B units shall have a minimum clear width of 3 1.75 inches (806 mm).
1008.1.1.1 Projections into clear width. There shall not bc pro,jections into the required clear width lower than 34 inchcs (864 mm) abovc the floor or ground. Projections into the clcar opening width bctwccn 34 inchcs (864 mni) and 80 ~nches(2032 mm) above the floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm).
3. Thc rcvolutions per minute (rpni) for ;I revolving door shall not cxcced those shown in Table 1008.1.3.1. 4. Each rcvolving door shall have a sidc-hingcd swinging door which con~plieswith Scction 1008.1 in the same wall and within 10 fcct (3048 mm) of the revolving door.
1008.1.2 Door swing. Egrcss doors shall be side-hinged swinging.
I. Privatc garages, office areas, factory and storage areas with an occupant load of 10 or Icss. 2. Group 1-3 occupancies used as a place of detcntion. 3. Critical or intensive care patient rooms within suites of health care facilities.
~-
-.
TABLE 1008.1.3.1 REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS ~.~.. .~ -
~
~
-~
JPbWER-DRIvEN-TYPE
(feet-inches) -
-
1-
~~
- .
-
-
~
j
MANuAL-TYPE
I
6-6
11
~
7-0
~
I
~. -
I0
.
12
. .
1
-
i
11
4. Doors within or serving a single dwelling unit in Groups R-2 and R-3. 5. In other than Group H occupancies, rcvolving doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.1. 6. In other than Group H occupancics, horizontal sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.3 arc pcrtnittcd in a means of egress. 7. Power-operated doors in accordance with Section 1008.1.3.3,. 8. Doors serving a bathroom within an individual slcepinp unit in Group R-1. Doors shall swing ill thc direction of egress travel where scnring an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group H occupancy. The opcning force for interior side-swinging doors without closcrs shall not cxceed a 5-pound (22 N) forcc. For othcr side-swinging, sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall rclcasc when subjcctcd to a 15-pound (67 N) force. The door shall be set in motion whcn subjected to a 30-pound (1 33 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open position when subjcctcd to a 15-pound (67 N) force. Forces shall be applicd to thc latch sidc.
1008.1.3 Special doors. Special doors and security grillcs shall comply wlth the requirements of Sections 1008.1.3.1 through 1008.1.3.5.
For SI: I inch = 75.3 min, 1 foot = 204.8 mln.
1008.1.3.1.1 Egress component. A revolving door used as a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 1008.1.3.1 and the following threc conditions: 1. Revolving doors shall not be givcn crcdit for more than 50 perccnt of thc recluircd egrcss capacity. 2. Each revolving door shall be crcditcd with more than a 50-person capacity.
110
3. Each rcvolving door shall bc capable of' bcing collapsed whcn a forcc of not more than 130 pounds (572) is applied within 3 inchcs (76 mm) of the outer cdgc of a wing.
1008.1.3.1.2 Other than egress component. A rcvolving door uscd as other than a coniponcnt of a mcans of egress shall comply with Scction 1008.1.3.I . Thc collapsing force of a rcvolvi~lgdoor
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
not uscd as a component of a mcans of egre5s shall not be morc than 180 pounds (801 N).
with Exception 5 Lo Section 1008.1.2 shall comply with all of the following criteria:
Exception: A collapsing force in excess of 180
1 . The doors shall be powcr opcrated and shall he capable of being opcrated manually in the cvcnt of powcr failure.
pounds (801 N) is pcrn~ittedif the collapsing forcc is rcduccd to not more than 130 pounds (572) \vhcn at least onc of the follow~ngconditions is satisfictl: 1. Thcrc is a power failure or powcr is removed to thc dcvice holding the door wing? in position. 2. There is an actuation of the automatic sprinlclcr system wherc such systcm is provided.
3. There is an actuat~onof a smoke detection systcm which is installed in accordancc with Section 907 to provide coxcrage in areas within thc build~ngwhich are within 75 fcet (22 860 mm) of the revolving doors.
4. Therc is an actuation of a manual controI switch, in an approvcd location and clcarly defined. w h ~ c hreduces the holding force to below the 130-pound (572) force level. 1008.1.3.2 Power-operated doors. Where means of cgrcss doors are operated by power, such as doors with a photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the door upon the approach of a person, or doors with power-assisted manual operation, the design shall he such that in the cvent of power failure, the door is capable of being opcncd manually to pern~itmcans of cgress travel or closed where ncccssary to safeguard means of cgress. The forces required to open thesc doors nianuallg shall not excecd those specified in Section 1008.1.2, except that the force to set the door in motion shall not excecd50 pounds (220 N). The door shall bc capable of swinging from any position to the full width of the opening in which such door is i~istalledwhen a force is applied to the door on thc s i d e f r o m which egress is made. Full-power-opcrated doors shall comply with BHMA A156.10. Power-assisted and low-energy doors shall comply with BllMA A156.19.
Exceptions: 1 . Occ~rpancicsin Group 1-3. 2. 1 Loriaontal sliding doors complying with Section 1008.1.3.3.
3. For 3 biparting door in thc emergency breakout mode, a door leaf located within amultiple-leaf opei~ingshall be exempt from the minimun~ 32-inch (813 mm) single-leaf rcquirement of Section 1008.1. I . providcd a minimum 32-inch (8 13 mm) clear opening is providcd whcn thc two biparting leaves meeting in the ccnter are broken out. 1008.1.3.3 Horizontal sliding doors. t n othcr than Group H occupancics, horizontal sliding doors pcrrnittcd to be a cornporlcnt of a mcans of egrcss in accordance
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2. The doors shall bc openable by a silnplc mcthod from both sides without special knowlcdgc or effort. 3. The force rcquircd to operatc thc door shall not excced 30 pounds (1 33 N) lo \ct the door in motlon and 15 pounds (67 N) to c l o x thc door or open ~tto the niinimuln rcquired width.
4. Thc door shall hc openable with a force not to cxceed 15 pounds (67 N) when a forcc of 250 pounds (1 100 N) is applied pcrpcnd~cularto thc door adjacent to the operating dcvice. 5. The door assembly shall comply with the applicable fire protection rating and, alherc rated, shall bc self-closing or automatic closing by smolce detcction in accordance with Section 715.4.7.3 of the Ii~ferrzafio~zal B~lil~fiizg Code, shall bc ir~stalledin accordance with NFPA SO and shall comply with Section 7 15.
6. Thc door asscmbly shall have an intcgralcd standby power supply.
7. The door assembly powcr supply shall be clectricall y supervised.
8. Thc door shall open to the minimum rcquircd width within 10 \econtl\ aCter activat~onof thc operating dcvice.
1008.1.3.4 Access-controlled egress doors. Thc entrance doors In a means of egress in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B. E, M, R- I or R-2 and cnlrancc doors to tenant spaccs in occiipancies in Groups A. B, E. M, R-l and R-2 arc permitted to be cquippcd with an approved cntrance and egrcss access control systcn~ which shall be installcd in accordancc w ~ t hall of thc following criteria: 1. A sensor shall be providcd on thc egrcss sidc
arranged to detect an occupant approaching thc doors. Thc doors shall hc arranged tv unlock by a signal from or loss of powcr to thc sensor.
2. Loss of powcr to that part of the access control system which locks the doors shall a~tto~nntically unlock the doors. 3. The doors shall bc arranged to unlock f i o ~ na manual unlocking device locatcd 40 inchcs to 48 inchcs (,1016mmto 1219 rnln)vertically above the floor and within 5 feet ( 1524 mm) of thc securcd doors. Ready acccss shall bc providcd to the manual unlocking dcvice and the device shall be clearly identified by a sign that reads "PUSH TO EXIT." When operated, the manual unlocking device shall l-eh~tlcin dircct intclruption ot powcr to the lock-indcpcndcnt of the acccss control sys-
MEANS OF EGRESS
tcln clcctronics-and the doors shall remain unlocked for a minimum of 30 seconds.
below the finished floor levcl of the adjacent intcrior space of the dwelling unit.
4. Activation of the building fire alarn~system. if provided, shall automatically unlock the doors, and the cloors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been reset.
1008.1.5 Landings at doors. Landings shall have a width not less than the width of the stairway or the door, whichcvcr is greater. Doors in the fully open posilion shall not rcducc a requireddi~nensionby more than 7 inches (178 mm). When a landing serLfesan occupant load of 50 or more, doors in any position shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half its required width. Landings sl~allhave a Icngth measured in the dircction of travel of not less than 44 inchcs (1 118 mm).
5. Activation of thc building automatic sprinkler or fire dctcction system, if providcd. shall automatically unlock thc doors. The doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has bccn reset. 6. Entrance doors in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E or M shall not bc secured from the egress sidc during periods that the building is open to the general public.
1008.1.3.5 Security grilles. In Groups B, F. M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permitted at the main exit and shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is occupied. The grilles sh;~llremain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public. Where two or morc means of egress are required, not more than one-half of thc exits or exit access doorways shall b e equippcd with horizontal sliding or vertical security grillcs. 1008.1.4 Floor elevation. There shall be a floor or landing on each side of a door. Such floor or landing shall be at the same elevation on each side of the door. Landings shall be level except for exterior landings. which are permitted to have a slopc not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope). Exceptions: 1. Doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 whcre the following apply: 1. I , A door is permitted to open at thc top step of an intcrior flight of stairs. providcd the door does not swing over thc top step.
Exception: Landing Icngth in the dircction of travel in Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group R-2 need not cxcccd 36 inches (914 mm). 1008.1.6 Thresholds. Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed0.75 inch (19.1 mm) in hcight for sliding doors scrving dwclling units or 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) for other doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) at doorways shall bc beveled with a slope not greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal (50-percent slope). Exception: The threshold heighl shall be limited to 7.75 inches (197 mm) where the occupancy is Group R-2 or R-3; the door is an exterior door that is not a component of the required means of egress; the door. othcr than an exterior stomi or screcn door does not swing over the landing or step; and the doorway is not on an accessible route as required by Chapter 1 1 of the I~ifo*~zatio~,al Rl~ildingCode and is not part of an Accessihle unit, Type A unit or Type B unit. 1008.1.7 Door arrangement. Space betwccn two doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum plus the width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in a serics shall swing either in the same direction or away from the space between the doors. Exceptions:
1.2. Screen doors and storm doors are permitted to swing over stairs or landings.
1. The minirnu~ndistance betwcen horizontal sliding power-operated doors in a scries shall be 48 inchcs (1219 mm).
2. Exterior doors as provided for in S e c t i o ~1003.5, ~ Exception 1, and Section 1018.2, which are not on an accessible route.
2. Storm and screen doors sel-ving individual dwclling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced 48 inches (1219 mrn) from the other door.
3. In Group R-3 occupancies not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units, the landing at an exterior doorway shall not be more than 7.75 inches (197 mm) below the top of the threshold, provided the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing.
3. Doors within individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 othcr than within Type A dwelling units.
4. Variations in clevation clue to differences in finish
materials, but not more than 0.5 inch ( 12.7 mm). 5. Exterior dccks, patios or balconies that are part of Type B dwelling units, have impervious surfaces and that are not more than 4 inches (102 mm)
1008.1.8 Door operations. Except as specifically pcrnritted by this section egress doors shall be readily openablc from the egress sidc without the use of a key or spccial knowletlgc or effort. 1008.1.8.1 Hardware. Door handles, pulls. latches, locks arid other operating devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 1 1 of the Iizfernrrtiorr~llH ~ l i l d i ~ ~ g Code shall not require tight gras],ing, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to operate. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
1008.1.8.2 Hardware height. Door handlcs, pulls, latchcs, loclis and other operating dcvices shall be insFallcd 34 inches (864 m m ) mininlu~nand 48 inches (1219 mmi maximum above the finished floor. Locks used only for security purposcs and not uscd for normal opcration are permitted at any height. Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier walls and fcnces protecting pools, spas and hoi tubs shall be pcrmitted to have opcrable parts of the release of latch on sclf-latching devices at 54 inchcs (1370 ~ n m maxij mum above the finished floor or ground, pl-ovicledthe self-latching devices are not also self-locking devices operatcd by means of a key, electronic opener or integral combination lock. 1008.1.8.3 Loclts and latches. Locks and latches shall bc pcrmittcd to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exists: 1. Places of detention or rcstraint. 2. In buildings in occupancy Group A having an occupant load of 300 or Icss, Groups B. F, M and S. and in placcs of religious worship, the main exterior door or doors are pcrmittcd t o be equipped with Itey-operated locking dcviccs from thc egress sidc provided:
2.1. The locking device is readily distinguishable as locked. 2.1. A readily visible durable sign is posted on thc cgrcss side on or adjacent to the door stating: T H I S DOOR T O KEMAIX UNLOCKED WHEN BULLDING I S OCCUPIED. The sign shall be in letters 1 inch (25 mm) high on a contradng background.
2. Where a palr of doors sctvcs a storagc or equipment room, manually operatcd edgc- or surface-mounted bolts are pennittcd on thc inactive leaf.
1008.1.8.5 Unlatching. Tlic unlatching of any door or lcaf shall not requirc morc than one opcration. Exceptions:
I . Placcs of detention or restraint. 2. Whcre manually operatcd bolt locks are permitted by Section 1008.1.8.4. 3. Doors with automatic flush bolts as pcrnmitted by S c c t i o ~1008.1.8.3, ~ Exccption 3. 4. Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1008.1.8.3. Exccption 4.
1008.1.8.6 Delayed egress locks. Approved, listed, delayed egress locks shall bc pcrmitted to bc illstalled on doors serving any occupancy except Groi~pA, E and H occupancies in buildiiigs that arc equipped throughout with an auto~naticsprinkler system in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installccl in accordancc with Scction 907, providcd that the doors unlock in accordance with lte~nsI through 6 below. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock bcforc entcrirrg an exit. 1. The doors unlock upon actuation of thc antonlatic spr-inklel-systcm or automatic firc detection system.
2. The doors unlock upon loss of power controlling the lock or lock nicchanism.
2 3. Thc usc of the hcy-ope1ated locki~lgdevice is revokablc by thc firc code official for duc cause.
3. 'The door locks shall havc thc capability of bcing unlocked by a signal from thc fire command centcr.
3. Whcre egress doors are used in pairs, approvcd autom;itic flush bolts shall bc pertnitted to be used, provided that the door lcaf having the automatic flush bolts has no doorknob or surface-mounted hardware.
4. Thc iriitiation of an irreversible proccss which will release the latch in not morc than 15 seconds whcn a force of not more than 15 pounds (67 N) is applied for 1 second to the release devicc. M i a tion of thc irreversible proccss shall activate an audible signal in the vicinity of the door. Once the door lock has bcen relcased by the application of force to the releasing device, relocking shall be by inanual means only.
4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units
of Group R occupancies having an occupant load of 1 0 or less are pcrmittcd to be equipped with a chain, provided night latch. dead bolt or SCCLII-ity such dcviccs are openable from the inside without tlic use of ;I kcy or tool.
1008.1.8.4 Boll locks. Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted. Exceptions: 1 . On doors not required for egresq in individual dwelling units or sleep~ngunits.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@)
Exception: Where approvcd. a dclay of not inore than 30 seconds is permittcd.
5. A sign shall be provided on the door locntcd above and wiihin 12 inches (305 n u n ) of the rclcase device reading: PUSH U N T l L A L A R M SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 [30] SECONDS.
6. Emcrgency lighting sh:lll be providcd at the door.
MEANS OF EGRESS
1008.1.8.7 Stairway doors. Interior stairway lncaus of cgrcss doors shall be openable from both sides without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. Exceptions: I . Stairway discharge doors shall be opcnablc from the cgress sidc and shall only be locked from the opposite side. 2. This section shall not apply to doors arranged in accordance with Section 403. I2 of the lntenzutiorzul Rclilding Code. 3. 111stairways serving not more than four stories, doors arc permitted to be locked from the side opposite the egress side, provided they are openable from the egress side and capable of being unlocked s i n ~ u l t a n e o u s l y without unlatching upon a signal from the fire cornmand center, if present, or a signal by emergency personnel from a single location inside the main entrance to the building.
1008.1.9 Panic and fire exit hardware. Where panic and fire exit hardware is installed, it shall comply with the following: I . The actuating portion of the releasing device shall extend at least one-half of the door leaf width. 2. The maximum unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds (67 N). Each door in a means of' egress from a Group A or E occupancy having an occupant load of 5 0 or more and any Group H occupancy shall not be provided with a latch or lock unless it is panic hardware or fire exit hardware.
Exception: A main exit of a Group A occupancy in cornpliance with Section 1008.1.8.3, Item 2. Electrical rooms with equipment rated 1,200 amperes or morc and over 6 feet (1829 mm) wide that contain ovcrcurrent devices. switching devices or control devices with exit access doors must be equipped with panic hardware and doors must swing in the direction of egress. -
If balanced doors are used and panic hardware is rccluircd, the panic hardwarc shall be the push-pad type and the pad shall not extend morc then one-half the width of the door measured from the latch sidc.
1008.2 Gates. Gates serving the means of cgrcss system shall cornply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a component in a means of cgrcss shall confonn to the applicable requirements for doors.
Exception: Iiorizontal sliding or swinging gates exceeding the 4-foot (121 9 ~ n m maximum ) leaf wldth limitation are permitted in fences and walls surrounding a stadium.
1008.2.1 S.Ladiams. Panic hardware is not required on gates surrounding stadiums wherc such gates are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present, and wherc safc dispersal areas based on 3 square fect (0.28 m2) per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed space. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not bc located lcss than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed
space. See Section 1024.6 for means of egress from safc dispcrsal areas.
1
1008.3 Turnstiles. Turnstiles or similar dcviccs that restrict travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any required means of cgress. Exception: Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited with no more than a 50-person capacity wherc all of the following provisions are met: I . Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress Lravcl when primary power is lost, and upon the manual release by an employee in the area. 2. Such devices are not given credit for morc than 50 percent of the required egress capacity. 3. Each device is not more than 39 inchcs (991 nun) high. 4. Each device has at least 16.5 inches (41 9 mm) clcar width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm) and at least 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights above 39 inches (99 1 mm). Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall have at least 36 inches (914 mm) clear at and below a height of 34 inches (864 mm). at least 32 inches (813 mm) clcar width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.
1008.3.1 High turnstile. Turnstiles morc than 39 inches (99 1 mm) high shall meet the requirements for revolving doors. 1008.3.2 Additional door. Where serving an occupant load greater than 300, each turnstile that is not portable shall have a side-hinged swinging door which conforms to Section 1008.1 within 5 0 fect (15 240 mm). [B] SECTION 1009 STAIRWAYS 1009.1 Stairway width. The width of stairways shall be determined as specified in Section 1005.1, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (11 18 mm). See Section 1007.3 for accessible means of cgress stairways. Exceptions: I. Stairways serving an occupant load of lcss than 50 11 shall have a width of not lcss than 36 inchcs (914 mm).
2. Spiral stairways as provided for in Section 1009.8. 3. Aisle stairs complying with Section 1025. 4. Where an incline platform lift or stairway chairlift is installed on stairways serving occupancies in Group R-3, or within dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, a clcar passage width not less than 20 inchcs (508 mm) shall be provided. If the scat and platfor11 can be folded when not in use, the distance shall be n~casurcd from the folded position.
1009.2 Headroom. Stairways shall have a minimum headroom clearance of 80 inches (2032 mm) measured vertically 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
from a linc connecting the edge of the nosings. Such headroom shall be continuous above thc sta~rwayto the point where the line intersects thc landing below, one tread depth beyond the bottom riser. The r~~inimum clcarancc shall be maintained the full width of the stail.way and landing.
) line within any flight of srairs at the 12-inch (305 m n ~wall< shall not cxceed the smallcst by more than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm) measured at a right angle to the tread's leading cdge.
1Sxccption: Spiral stairways complying with Section 1009.8 arc pcmmittcd a 78-inch (198 1 mm) headroo~ncleal-
1. Nonuniform riser dimensions of aisle stairs complying with Scction 1025.1 1.2.
1009.3 Stair treads and risers. Stair riser hcights shall be 7 inchcs (178 mm) maximum a n d 4 inches (102 mm) minimum. Stair trcad depths shall be I1 inches (279 mm) minimum. The riser height shall bc mcasured vertically bctween thc lcading cdgcs of adjacent treads. Thc tread depth shall be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's lcading cdgc. Winder trcads shall have a rr~inimunltread dcpth of 11 inches (279 min) measured at a ripht angle to the tread's lead) the sidc whcrc the ing cdgc at a point 12 inchcs (305 ~ n mfrom treads are narrower and a minimurn tread depth of 10 inches (253 mm).
I
Exceptions: 1. Alternating tread dcvices in accordance with Section 1009.9. 2. Spiral stairways in accol-dance with Section 1009.8. 3. Aisle stairs ill assembly seating arcas where the stailpitch or slope is set. for sightlinc reasons. by thc slopc of t11c adjaccnt seating area in accordance urith Section 1025.1 1.2. 4. In Group R-3 occupancies: within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies that a - e accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or accessoly to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; the maximum riser height shall bc 7.75 inches (197 mm): the minimum trcad depth shall be 10 inches (254 mm 1; the minimum winder trcad depth at the walk line shall bc 10 inches (254 mm); and the n~inirnumwindcr trcaci depth shall bc 6 inches (1 52 n m ) . A nosing not lcss than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) but not more than 1.25 inches (12 mm) shall be providcd on stairways with solid risers wherc the tread depth is lcss than I I inchcs (279 mm). 5. Scc Section 1027.10 for thc replacement of existing stairways. 1009.3.1 Winder treads. Winder treads are not pcrmitted in means of cgress stairways except within a dwelling unit. Exccptions: 1. Curved stairways in accordance with Section 1009.7. 2. Spiral stairways in accordance with Scction 1009.8. 1009.3.2 1)imensional uniformity. Stair treads and risers shall bc of uniform size and shape. Thc tolerance betwcen thc largcst and slnallest riser height or betweell the li~rgest and s~nallesltread depth shall not exceed 0.375 inch (9.5 mm) in any flight of stairs. The greatest wir~dertread depth 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Exceptions:
2. Consistently shapetl windera. colnplylng w ~ t h Section 1009.3, differing from rectangular treads in thc same stairway flight. Where the bottom or top riscr adjoins a slopilig public way, walkway or driveway having an established grade and serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser is permitted to be reduced along the slope to less than 4 inches i102 rnm) in height. with the variation in height of the bottom or top riser not to excecd onc unit vcrtical in 12 units horizonla1 (8-pcrcent slope) of stairway width. 'I'he nosings or leading edges of treads at such nonuniform height risers shall have a distinctive lnarking stripe, differcnt from any othcr nosing marking provided on thc stair flight. The clistinctivc marking stripe shall bc visible in descent of the stair and shall have a slip-resistant surface. Marking stripes shall have a ) not morc Lhan 2 inchcs width of at least 1 inch (25 m ~ n but (5 1 mm).
1009.3.3 Profile. The radius of curvature at the lcading ctige of the tread shall be not greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mrn). Reveling of nosings shall not cxcccd 0.5 inch (12.7 1n1n). Risers shall be solid and vcrtical or slopcd from thc underside of the leading edge of the tread above at an anglc not more than 30 degrees (0.52 racl) from the vertical. Thc leading edge (nosings)of trcads shall project not nlorc than 1.25 inches (32 nim) beyond the tread bclow and all projections size, including the of the leading edges shall be of u~iifor~n leading edgc of the floor at the top of a flight. Exceptions: 1. Solid riscrs are not requircd for stairways that arc not I-equircclto comply with Section 1007.3, provided that the opening bctwczn treads does not permit the passage of a sphcrc with a diarnctel of 4 inchcs (102 mm). 2. Solid risers are not requircd for occupaucies in Group 1-3.
1009.4 Stairway landings. There sliall bc a floor or landing at rhe top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings shall not be less th;ln the width of stairways they scrvc. E v c ~ y landing shall have a minimum dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not excecd 48 inches (1219 nlm) whel-c the stairway has a straight run. Exceptions: 1. Aisle stairs complying with Scetion 1025.
2. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reducc thc landing to less than one-half the rcquircd width. When fully open. the door shall not project morc th:in 7 inches 1178 mm) into a landing.
MEANS OF EGRESS
1009.5 Stairway construction. All stairways shall be built of materials consistent with the types pcrrriitted for the lype of construction of thc building, except that wood handrails shall be permitted for all types of construction. 1009.5.1 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface o f treads and landings of a stairway shall not be sloped steeper than onc unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in any direction. Stairway treads and landings shall have a solid surface. Finish floor surfaces shall be sccurcly attached. Exception: In Group F, H and S occupancies, other than a r c a s b ~ ~ a r k i nstructures g accessible to thc public, openings in treads and landings shall not bc prohibited provided a sphcre with a diameter of 1.125 inches (29 mm) cannot pass through the opening. 1009.5.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor stairways and outdoor approaches to stairways shall be designed so that water will not accu~nulateon walking surfaces. 1009.5.3Enclosuresunder stairways. The walls and soffits within enclosed usable spaces under enclosed and unenclosed stairways shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or thc tire-resistance rating of the stairway enclosure, whichever is greater. Access to the cnclosed space shall not be directly from within thc stair cnclosurc. Exception: Spaces undcr stairways serving and contained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group K-2 or R-3 shall be permitted to be protected on the cncloscd side with 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board. There shall be no enclosed usable spacc under exterior exit stairways unless the space is con~pletelyenclosed in I-hour firc-resistance-rated construction. The open space under exterior stairways shall not be uscd for any purpose.
1009.6 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a vcrtical rise grcater than 12 fect (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings. Exception: Aisle stairs coniplying with Section 1025. 1009.7 Curved stairways. Curved stairways with winder treads shall havc treads and risers in accordance with Section 1009.3 and thc smallest radius shall not be lcss than twice the required width of the stairway. Exception: Thc radius restriction shall not apply to curved stairways for occupancies in Group R-3 and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2.
* 1009.8 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are permitted to be
used as a component in the means of egress only within dwelling units or from a space not more than 250 square fect (23 ~n') in arca and serving not more than five occupants, or from galIcrics, catwalks and gridirons in accordancc with Section 1015.6.
A spiral stairway shall have a 7.5 inch (191 mm) minimum clear trcad depth at a point 12 inches (305 mm) from the narrow edge. The risers shall be suflicicnt to provide a hcadrooni of 78 inchcs (1081 inm) minimum, but riscr height shall not be more
than 9.5 inches (241 mm). The minimum stairway width shall be 26 inches (660 mm).
1009.9 Alternating tread devices. Alternating tread deviccs are limited to an element of a means of cgrcss in buildings of Groups 9 H and S frorri a mezzanine not morc than 250 squarc fect (23 m') in area and which serves not morc than fivc occupants; in buildings of Group 1-3 from a guard towcr, observation station or control rooni not more than 250 sqirare feet (23 m2) in arca and for access to unoccupied roofs. 1009.9.1 Handrails of alternating tread devices. Handrails shall bc providcd on both sides of alternating tread devices and shall comply with Section 1017 . I 1009.9.2 Treads of alternating tread devices. Altcrnatiug tread devices shall have a minimum projected tread of 5 inches (127 mrri), aminimum trcad depth of 8.5 incltcs (216 mm), a minimum tread width of 7 inches (178 mm) and a maximum riser hcight of 9.5 inches (241 nlm). Thc initial trcad of the device shall begin at the same elcvation as thc platform, landing or floor surface. Exception: Alternating bead devices uscd as an clement of a means of cgress in buildings from a mczzaninc area not more than 250 square feet (23 m2) in arca which serves not more than five occupants shall have a mini) a minimum projected tread of 8.5 inches (2 16 ~ n m with mum tread depth of 10.5 inches (267 mm). The rise to the next alternating tread surface shoulcl not be more than 8 inches (203 min). 1009.10 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each side and shall conlply with Section 1012. Wherc glass is ~ ~ s c d to provide the handrail, the handrail shall also co~nplywith Section 2407 of the Irztrrrzntinrzal Building Code. Exceptions:
1. Aisle stairs co~nplyingwith Section 1025 provided with a ccntcr handrail need not havc additional handrails. 2. Stairways within dwelling units, spiral stairways and aisle sta~rsserving seating only on one sidc are pcrmitred to havc a handrail on one side only. 3. Dccks, patios and walkways that have a single changc in elcvation where the landing dcpth on each sidc of the change of elcvation is grcater than what is required for a landing do not require handrails, 4. In Group R-3 occupancies, a change in clcvation consisting of a single riser at an entrance or egress door does not require handrails. 5. Changes in room clcvatioi~sof only onc riser within dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies do not rcquire handrails. Cs
1009.11 Stairway to roof. In buildings located four or morc stories in height above gradcplane. one stairway shall extend to 1 the roof surface, unlcss the roof has a slope stccpcr than four units vcrtical in 1 3 units horizontal (33-percent slope). In buildings without an occupied roof. access to the roof fro111the top story shall be perrriittcd to be by an alternating tread device. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
1010.9 Edgc protection. Edge protection complying with SecB tions 10 10.9.1 or 1010.9.2 shall be provided on each side of' ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings. Exceptions: 1. Edgc protection is not required on ramps that are not rcquired to havc handrails, providcd they have flarcd sidcs that comply with thc ICC A1 17.1 curb ramp provisions. 2. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings scrving an adjoining ramp run or stairway.
1
3. Edge protection is not required on the sides of ramp landings having a vcrtical dropoff of not more than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) within 10 inchcs (254 inm) horizontally of the required landing area.
1010.9.1 Curb, rail, wall or barrier. A curb, rail, wall or barricr shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4-~nch-diamcter(1 02 m ~ n sphere, ) wherc any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (102 nun) of the floor or ground aurface. 1010.9.2 Extended floor or ground surface. The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inchcs (305 min) minimum beyond thc inside face of a handrail complying with Section 1012. 1010.10 Guards. Guards shall bc provided where required by Section 1013 and shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1013.
[B]SECTION 1011 EXIT SIGNS 1011.1 Whcre required. Exits and cxit access doors shall be markcd by an approvcd cxit sign readily visiblc from any dircction of egress travel. Access to exits shall be marked by readily visible cxit signs in cases whcre the exit or thc path of cgrcss travcl is not immediately visible to the occupants. Exit sign # placement shall be such that no point in a corridor is more than 100 feet (30480 mm) or the listedviewing distance for the sign, whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign.
Exceptions: 1. Exit signs arc not required in rooms or areas that recluire only one exit or cxit access. 2. M a ~ nexterlor exit doors or gates that arc obviously and clearly identifiable as exits need not havc cxit signs where approved by the fire code official. 3. Exit signs are not requircd in occupancies in Group U and individual sleeping units or dwelling units in Group R-I, R-2 or R-3. 4. Exit signs are not requircd in sleeping areas in occupancies in Group 1-3.
5. In occupancies in Groups A-4 and A-5, cxit signs are not requircd on the scating sidc of vornitorics or opcnings into scating arcas where exit signs are provided ill thc concoursc that arc rcadily apparent from thc vomitorics. Egress lighting is provided to identify
cach vomitory or opening within the seating area in an emergency.
1011.2 Illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or cxternally illuminated. Exception: Tactile signs rcquircd by Scction 101 1.3 nced not be providcd with illumination. 1011.3 Tactile exit signs. A tactile sign stating EXIT and complying with ICC A1 17.1 shall be provided adjacent to each door to an egress stairway. an exit passageway and thc cxit discharge. 1011.4 Internally illuminated exit signs. Internally illuminated exit signs shall be listed and labclcd and shall bc installcd in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Section 2702 of the htelnutiorml Ruilcling Code. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times. 1011.5 Externally illuminated cxit signs. Externally illuminated exit signs sllall comply with Sections 101 1.5.1 through 101 1.5.3. 1011.5.1 Graphics.Every exit sign and directional exit sign shall havc plainly legible letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high with the principal strokes of the lettcrs not lcss than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) wide. The word "EXIT" shall have letters having a width not less than 2 inchcs (51 mm) wide, except the letter "I," and the minimum spacing between letters shall not be less than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm). Signs larger than the minimum established in this section shall have letter widths, strokes and spacing in proportion to their height. Thc word "EXIT" shall be in high contrast with the background and shall be clcarly discernible when the means of exit sign illumination is or is not energized. If a chevron directional indicator is provided as part of the exit hign, the construction shall be such that the direction of thc chcvron directional indieator cannot be readily changed.
1011.5.2 Exit sign illumination. Thc face of an exit sign illuminated from an external sourcc shall have an inlcnsity of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux). 1011.5.3 Power source. Exit signs shall bc illuminated at i o na duration of all times. To ensurc continued i l l u ~ n i ~ ~ a tfor not less than 90 minutcs in casc of primary powcr loss. the sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency power systcm provided from storage batteries, unit cquip~ n c n or t an on-site generator. The installation of the cmergency power systcm shall be in accordance with Section 2702 of the Ii7tcr7tutioizal Bcrildirlg Code. Exception: Approvcd cxit sign ~lluminationmeans that provide continuous illumination indcpendent of cxtcrnal power sources for a duration of not less than 90 nninutes, in case of primary power loss, are not required to he connected to an emergency electrical system.
[B]SECTION 1012 HANDRAILS 1012.1 Where required. Handrails for stairways and rainps shall be adequatc in strength and attachment in accordance 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
with Section 1607.7 of thc It~tematroflc~l K~rildirigCode. Handrails required for stairways by Section 1009.10 shall comply with Sections 1012.2 through 1012.8. Handrails required for rumps by Section 1010.8 shall comply wilh Sections 1012.2 through 1012.7.
1012.2 Height. Harldrail height, measured above st.air tread nosings, or finish surface OF ramp slope shall be uniform, not lcss than 34 inchcs (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 111111).
) 1012.3
Handrail graspability. Handrails with a circular cross-scction shall have an outside diameter of at least 1.25 inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches ( 5 1 mrn) or shall provide equivalent graspability. If the handrail is not circular, it shall have a perirrieter dimension of at leasi 4 inches (102 mm) and not greater than 6.25 inches (160 mrn) with a maximum cross-section dimension of 2.25 inches (57 mm). Edges shall have u minimum radius of 0.01 inch (0.25 iilni).
1 1012.4 Continuity, Handrail-gripping surfaces shall be continuous, without interruption hy newel posts or other obstn~ctions.
Exceptions: 1. I-landrails within dwelling units arc per~rlittedto be interrupted by a newel post at a stair landing.
2. Within a dwelling unit, the use of a volute, turnout or starting easing is allowed on the lowest tread. 3. t1;tndrail brackets or balusters attttachcd to the bottom surface of thc handrail that do 1io1project llorizontally beyond the sides of the handrail within 1.5 inches (38 mm) of tlie bottom of the handrail shall not be considcrcd obstructions. For each 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension above 4 inches (I 02 mm), the vertical clearance dimension of 1.5 inches (38 m111) shall be perrilittcd to be reduced by 0.125 inch (3 111ni).
1042.5 Handrail cxtensions. Handrails shall return to n wall. guard or the walking surface or shall be conti~luousto the handrail of an adjacent stair flight or ramp run. At stairways where handrails arc not continuous between fligh~s.the handrails shall extend horizontally at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top riscr and continue to slopc for the depth of one tread beyond the bottom riscr. At ramps where handrails are not conti~iuousbctvieen runs. the handrail shall cxrcnd horizontally abovc thc landing 12 inchcs (305 mnij minimum beyond the top and bottom ramps. Exceptions: I. Handrails within a dwelling unit that is not required to bc acccssihle need extend only from the top rlser to the bottom riscr. 2. Aisle handrails in Group A occupancics in accordance with Section 1025.13.
1 1012.6 Clearance. C l e a ~space between a handrail and a wall or other surfacc shall be a minimum of 1.5 inches (38 mm). A handrail and a wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall bc fi-ee of any sharp 01. abrasive clements. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1012.7 Projections. On ramps, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches (914 11inl) minimum. Projections into the required width of stairways and ralilps ateach handrail shall not exceed4.5 inches (1 14 rnm) at orbelow thc handrail height. Projccrions into the required width shall not be liniitcd iibove the minimuni headroorn height required in Section 1009.2.
1012.8 Intermediate handrails. Stairways shall have intermediate handrails located in such a manncr so that all portions of the stairway width required for egress capacity arc within 30 inches (762 mni) of a handrail. On monumental stairs? handmils shall be located along the most dil-ecl path of egress travel.
[B]SECTION 1013 GUARDS 1013.1 Where rcquired. Guards shall bc located along open-sided walliing surfaces, mezzanines, industrial equipment platforms. stairways, ramps and landings that arc locatcd more than 30 inchcs (762 mm) above the floor or gradc below. Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.7 of the Ii7tt:)natiorznl Buildirlg Cotlu. Where glass is used to provide a guard or as a portion of the guard system, the guard shall also comply with Section 2407 of the hlteriintio~z~~l Building Code. Guards shall also be located along glazed sides of stairways, ramps and landings that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below where thc glazing provided does nor nicct the strength and attachment requirements in Sect~on1 607.7 of thc Iizrerrla tioii~llG~rildir~g Code. Exception: Guards are not required for thc fbllowing locations: 1.
011 tlie
loading side of loading docks or piers.
2. On the audience side of stages and raised platfornis. including steps lcading up to the stage and raised platforms.
3. On raised stage and platform floor areas, such as runways, 1-an1psand side stages used for entertainment or presentations.
4. At vertical openings in the perfcmnance area of staycs and platforms.
5 . At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stagcs and platfo~nrbtor access to and u t ~ l ~ z a t ~ofo special n lighting or equipment
6. Along vehicle servicc pits not accessible to the public. 7. In asse~nblyseating where guards in accordancc with Sectio~l1025.14 are permitted and provided.
1013.2 Height. Guards shall form a protcctive barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 rnn~)high? measured vcrtically abovc tlic lcading edgc of thc tread. adjacent walking surfncc or i~djaccnt seatboard. Exceptions:
I . For occupancics in Group R-3, and within individual dwelling units in occupancics in Group R-2. guards whose top rail also serves as 3 handrail shall have a
MEANS OF EGRESS
height not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not rnore than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from the lcading cdgc of the stair tread nosing.
2. The height in assembly seating areas shall be in accordance with Section 1025.14.
1013.3 Opening limitations. Opcn guards shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 rnm) spherc cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 34 inchcs (864 mm). From a hcight of 34 inches (864 mn) to 42 inchcs (1067 mm) above the adjacent walking surfaces. a sphcre 8 inchcs (203 mm) in diameter shall not pass. Exceptions: 1. The triangular openings formed by the riscr, tread and botto~nrail at the open side of a stairway shall bc of a maximum size such that a sphere of 6 inchcs (152 mm) in diameter cannot pass through thc opening. 2. A1 clevated walking surfaces for access to and use of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall have balusters or be of solid materials such that a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) cannot pass through any opening. 3. In arcas that are not open to the public within occupancies in Group 1-3, F, H or S, balusters. horizontal intcrrnediatc rails or other construction shall not permit n sphere with a diameter of 2 1 inches (533 mm) to pass through any opening. 4. In assembly seating areas, guards at the end of aisles where they terminate at a fascia of boxes, balconies and galleries shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 26 inches (660 mm). From a hcight of 26 inches (660 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent walking surfaces, a sphcre 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter shall not pass.
5. Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, openings for rcquircd guards on the sidcs of stair trcads shall not allow a sphere of 4.375 inchcs (11 1 mm) to pass through.
1013.4 Screen porcl~es.Porches and decks which are enclosed with insect screening shall be provided with guards where the walking surface is located more than 30 inches (762 nun) above the floor or grade below. 1013.5 Mechanical equipment. Guards shall bc provided where $ appliances, equipment. fans, roof hatch openings or other compo-
nents that require 5ervice are located within 10 fect (3048 mm) of a roof edgc or open sidc of a walking surface and such edge or open side is located rnore than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor. roof or gradc below. The g u a d shall bc constructed so as to prevent thc passage of a 2 1 -inch-diameter (533 111nl) spherc. The p u - d shall cxtcnd not less than 30 inches (762 mm) beyond each end of such appliance, equipment. fan or component.
1013.6 Roof access. Guards shall be provided where the roof hatch opening is located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of a roof cdgc or opcn side of a walking surface and such edge or open
side is located more than 30 inches (762 mm) abovc the floor, roof or grade below. The guard shall bc constructed so as to prcvent the passagc of a 21 -inch-diameter (533 mm) sphere.
[B] SECTION 1014 EXlT ACCESS
1014.1 General. Thc exit access arrangement shall conlply with Sections 1014 through 10 17 and the applicablc prvvisions of Sections 1003 through 1013. 1014.2 Egress through intervening spaces. Egress through intervening spaces shall comply with this section. 1. Egress from a room or space shall not pass through adjoining or intervening rooms or areas, except whcre such adjoining rooms or areas arc accessory to the arca seivcd, arc not a high-hazard occupancy and provide a diseerniblc path of egress travel to an cxit.
I
Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited through adjoining or intcrvcning rooms or spaces in a Group H, S or F occupancy when the adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces arc the same or a lesser hazard occupancy group. 2. Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms, closets or spaces used for si~nilarpurposes.
Exceptions: 1. Means of egress are not prohibited through a kitchen areiserving adjoining rooms constituting part of the same dwelling unit or sleeping unit.
2. Means of egress are not prohibited through stockrooms in Group M occupancies when all of the following are met: 2.1. The stock is of the same hazard classification as that found in the main rctail area; 2.2. Not more than 5 0 percent of thc cxit access is through the stockroom; 2.3. The stockroon~is not subject to locking from the egress sidc; and 2.4. There is a demarcated. minimum U-inch-wide ( 1 1 18 mm) aisle dcfincd by full or partial height fixed walls or similar construction that will maintain the required width and lead directly from the retail arca to thc exit without obstructions. 3. An exit access shall not pass through a room that can be locked to prevent egress. 4. Means of egress fro111dwelling units or sleep- I ing areas shall not lcad through other slecping areas, toilet roonls or bathrooms.
1014.2.1 Multiple tenants. Whcre more than one tcnant occupies any one floor o f a building or structure, each tcnant spacc, dwelling unit and sleeping unit shall be provided with 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
acccss to thc rccluircd exits without passing through adjacent tenant spaces, dwelling units and slccping units.
Exception: Means of egress shall not be prohibited through acljoining tcnant space where such rooms or spaces occupy less than 10 percent of the area of the tenant space through which they pass: are the same or similar occupancy group; a discernable path of egress travel to an exit is provided: and the ineans of egress into the adjoining space is not sub.ject to loclting froin the egress side. A required rneans oi'egrcss sciving the larger tenant spacc shall not pass through the snialler tcnant space or spaces. 1014.2.2 Group 1-2. Habitable rooms or suites in Group 1-2 occupancics shall have an exit acccss door leading directly Exceptions: I. Rooms with cxit doors opcning directly to the out-
2. Patient sleeping rooms are permittcd to have one intcrvcning room if the intcrvcning room is not used as an cxit acccss for more than eight patient bed?.
3. Special nursing suitcs are permitted to ha\~eone intcrvcning roonl wherc the arrange~nentallows for direct and constant \risual supervision by nursing personnel. 4. For roonis other than patient slecpins rooms located within a suitc, exit access travcl fiam within the suite shall be permitted through one inte~veniny room whcre the travel distance to the exit access door is not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm). 5. For rooms othcr than patient slecping rooms located within a suite, exit access travel from within thc suite shall be per-mitted through two intervening rooms whcre the travel distance to thc exit acccss door is not grcater than 50 feet (1 5 240 mm). Suites of sleeping rooms shall not excced 5,000 square fcct (465 n12). Suites of rooms other than patient slecping roonis shall not exceed 10,000 square feet (929 m2).Any paticnt sleeping room, or any suite that includes patient slccping rooms, of more than 1,000 square fcet (93 ~n')shall have at lcast two cxit acccss doors rcmotcly locatcd froin cach other. Any room or suitc of rooms other than patient slccping rooms of morc than 2.500 square feet (232 m2) shall havc at lcast txxro access doors I-ernotcly located fi-om cach other. The travel distancc between any point in a Group 1-2 occupancy and an exit acccss door in thc room shall not excccd 50 feet (15 240 nim!. The travel distance between any point in a suite of sleeping rooms andan exit access door of that suite shall nut excced I00 fcet (30 480 mm). 1014.3 Common path of egress travel. In occupancics other than Groups H-I, H-2 and F-1-3, the common path of egrcss travcl shall not excccd 75 fcet (22 860 mm). In Group H- I . 1-1-2 and 1-1-3 occupancics. the common path of eglcss travel shall
2006 INTEHNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
not cxcccd 25 fect (7620 n~ni).For common path of egress travel in Group A occupancies hdving fixed \eating. sce Scction 1025.8.
Exceptions: 1. The length of a common path of cgress travcl in Group B, F and S occupancics shall nu1 be morc than 100 feet (30 480 inm), provided that the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinliler systcni installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 2. Where a tenant space in Group B, S and U occupancies has an occupant load of not Inore than 30. thc lcngth of a conllnori path of egress travcl shall not bc more than LOO fect (30 480 mm). 3. The length of a common path of egrcss travel in a Group 1-3 occupancy shall not bc niorc than 100 fcct (30 480 mmi. 4. The length of a commoi~path of cgrcsb travel in a Group R-2 occupancy shall not be morc than 125 fect (38 100 nirnI, provided that the building is protected throughout with an approvcd automatic sprin1,lcr system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
1014.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit acccss in thc means of egrcss system shall comply with thc rcquiremcnts of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied portions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, displays and sirnilar fixtures or cquipnlent. Aisles serving assembly areas. other than seating at tables, shall comply with Section 1025. Aisles sel-ving reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1025. The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.
Exception: Doors, when f ~ ~ lopened, ly and handrails shall not reduce the required width by morc than 7 inchcs (178 nlm). Doors in any position shall not reducc the rcquired width by more than one-half. Other iionstructural projcctio~issuch as trim and similar decorative features arc permitted to prqject into thc required width 1.5 inchcs (38 mm) from cach side. 1014.4.1 Aisles in Groups B and M. In G o u p B and M I occupancies, thc minimum c l e a ~ai\le width shall bc dctcrmined by Section 1005.1 for the occupant load selved. hut shall not be less than 36 inchcs (911 mm). Exception: Nonpublic aisles serving lcss than 50 pcoplc and not required to be aeccssiblc by Chaptcr I 1 of the Ir~tcrrzcrtionnlRilildiilg need not cxcccd 28 inches (7 1 1 mm) in width. 1014.4.2 Aisle accessways in Group M. An aisle accessway shall hc provided on at lcast one side of cach elcnlent within the incrchandisc pad. The minimiurn clcar width for an aislc accessway not. required to be acccssihlc shall be 30 inches (762 mm). The required clcar width of the aisle accessway shall bc measured perpendicular to the clcments and merchandise within the nicrchandise pad. 'Thc 30-itich (762 mrn) minimumclear width shall be maintained to provide a path to an adjacent aisle or aislc accessway. The
MEANS OF EGRESS
[B] SECTION 1015 EXlT AND EXlT ACCESS DOORWAYS
coninion path of travcl shall not exceed 30 fect (9144 mm) from any point in the merchandise pad.
Exception: For areas sewing not more than 5 0 occupants, rhc common path of travel shall not exceed75 feet ( 2 1 880 mm).
1015.1 Exit or exit access doorways required. 7iyo cxits or exit access doorways fro111 any space shall be provided whcrc one of the following conditions exists:
1014.4.3 Sealing at tables. Where seating is located at a tablc or countcr and is adjacent to an aisle or aislc acccssway, [he measurement of required clear width of the aisle or aislc acccssway shall be made to a line 19 inches (483 mm) away from and parallel to the edge of the table or counter. The 19-inch (483 mm) distance shall be measured perpendicular to the side of the table or countcr. In the case of other sidc boundaries for aislc or aisle accessways, the clear width shall bc measured to walls, cdges of seating and trcad cdges. except that handrail projections are permitted.
1. The occupant load of thc spacc cxcccds the values in Table 1015.1.
Exception: Where tables or counters are served by fixed scats, thc width of the aislc acccssway shall be measured from the back of the seat. 1014.4.3.1 Aisle accessway for tables and seating. Aislc accessways serving arrangements of seating at tables or counters shallhave sufficient clear width to conform to the capacity rccluiremcnts of Scction 1005.1 but shall not have less than the appropriate minimum clear width spccificd in Scction 1014.4.3.2. 1014.4.3.2 Table and seating accessway width. Aislc accessways shall provide a minimum of 12 inchcs (305 mm) of width plus 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) of width for each additional 1 foot (305 nun), or fraction thereof, beyond 12 feet (3658 mm) ol' aisle accessway length measurcd horn (he center of the seat farthest from an aisle. Exception: Portions of an aislc accessway having a length not exceeding 6 feet (1829 mm) and used by a total of not more than four persons. 1014.4.3.3 Table and seating aisle accessway length. The length of travel along the aisle accessway shall not cxcced 30 fect (9144 mm) from any scat to the point whcrc a person has a choice of two or more paths of cgrcss travel to separate cxits.
*
1014.5 Egress balconies. Balconies used for egress purposes shall conform to the same requirements as corridors for width. headroom, dead ends and projections. 1014.5.1 Wall separation. Exterior egress balconies shall bc scparatcd from the interior of the building by walls and opcning protectives as required for corridors. Exception: Separation is not required where the exterior egress balcony is served by at least two stairs and a dead-cnd travel condition does not require travel past an unprotected opcning to reach a stair. 1014.5.2 Openness. The long side of an egress balcony shall bc at least 50 pcrccnt open, and the open area above the gutrrds shall be so distributed as to minimize the accumulation of smoltc or toxic gases.
2. The common path of cgrcss travcl exceeds the lim~tations of Section 1014.3.
3. Wiererequircdby Sections 1015.3, 1015.4 and 1015.5. Exception: Group 1-2 occupancies shall comply with Section 1014.2.2. -
TABLE 1015.1 SPACES WITH ONE MEANS OF EGRESS
~
~
----.-
1
A, B, E". F, M, U
H-l . H-2. H-3
a. Day care n ~ n x i m ~occupant ~rn load is
10.
1015.1.1 Three or more exits. Access to three or more e x ~ t s shall be providcd from a floor area where required by Scction 1019.1. 1015.2 Exit or exit access doorway arrangement. Rcquircd cxits shall be located in a manner that makes their ava~lability obvious. Exits shall be unobstructed at all times. Exit and exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with Sections 1015.2.1 and 1015.2.2. 1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways. Whcre two exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion of the exit acccss. the exit doors 01-exit access doorways shall bc placed a distance apart cqual to not lcss than one-half of the lcngth of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or arca to be served measured in a straight line between exit doors or exit access doorways. Interlocking or scissor stairs shall bc counted as one exit stairway. Exceptions: I. Where exit e ~ ~ c l o s u r arc e s p r o ~ ~ i d casd a portion of the required exit and are interconnected by a L-hour fire-resista~ice-ratedcorridor conforming to the requirements of Section 1017, the required exit separation shall be mcas~trcdalong the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor. 3. Whcre a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. the separation distai~ceof the exit doors or exit access doorways shall not be lcss thau one-thlrd of the Icngth of the m a x i m ~ moverall ~ diagonal dilncns~onof the arca served.
2006 INTERNATIONAI- FIRE CODE'
MEANS OF EGRESS
1
1015.2.2 Three or more cxits or exit access doorways. Whcre access to three or more exits is required. at lcast two exit doors or exit access doorways shall bc arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1015.2.1. 1015.3 Boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms. Two exit access doorways are required in boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms where the area is over 500 square feet (46 111:) and any fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal units (Btu) (432 000 KJ) input c;ipncity. Where two cxit access doorways are required, one is pcrmitted to be a fixed ladder or an alternating trcad device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the length of the ~naximumoverall diagonal dimension of the room. 1015.4 Refrigeration machinery rooms. Machinery rooms larger than 1,000 square fc,et (93 n12) shall have not lcss than two exits or exit access doors. Where two cxit access doorways li is pennitted to be served by a arc rccluired, one s ~ ~ cdoorway fixcd ladder or an alternating trcad device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distancc equal to horizontal dimension of room. one-half the ~naxi~iium All portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45 ) an cxit or exit acccss doorway. An increase In travel 720 m n ~of distance is pcrnmitted in acco~dancewith Scction 10 16.1. Doors shall swing in the direction of egress tl-aye],~egardless of the occupant load served. Doors shall be tight fitting and self-closing.
1015.5 Refrigerated rooms or spaces. Rooms or spaces having a floor area of 1,000 sqnare feet (93 m2) or more, containing a reFrigerant evaporator and maintair~edat a temperature below 68°F (20°C). shall have acccss to not less than two cxils or exit access doors. 'Travel distance shall he dete~mincdas specified in Section 10 16.1. but all portions of a refrigerated room or space shall be within 150 fect (45 720 mm) of an cxit or exit access dnor where such rooms arc not protected by an approved automatic sprinliler system. Egress is allowed through adjoining refr-igerated rooms or spaces.
Exception: Where using refrigerants in quantities limited to the amounts bused on tlie volunic set i-i)rthin the Interrlcltior~iilM P C I Z U I I ~Code. C~II 1015.6 Stage mcans ofcgrcss. Where two means of egrcss are required, based on the stagc size or occupant load, one means of egress shall be provided on each side of the stage. 1015.6.1 Gallery, gridiron and catwalk means of egress. The means of cgress from lighting and access catwalks, gallcrics and gridirons shall meet thc requirements fur occupancies in C;roup F-2. Exceptions: 1 . A mininiu~nwidth of 22 inches (559 mm) is permittcd for lightirig and acccss catwalks. 2. Spiral stairs are permitted in thc lneans of egress.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3. Stairways rcquired by this suhscction need not hc enclosed.
4. Stairwayswith a minimurn width of 22 inches (559 mm), ladders, or spiral stairs are permitted in the means of egress. 5. A second means of egress is not rcquired from thcsc areas where a iileans of escape to a floor or to a roof is provided. Ladders, alternating trcad dcvices or spiral stairs are pemiitted in the means of escape.
6. Ladders are permitted in the rneans of egress.
[B] SECTION 1016 EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DlSTANCE 1016.1 Travel distance limitations. Exits shall bc so located on each story such that the maximurii length of exit access travel? measured from the most remote point within a story to the entrance to an cxit along the natural arid unobstructed path of egress travel. shall not exceed the distances given in X ~ b l e 1016.1. Where the path of exit access includes unenclosed stairways or ramps within the exit access or includes unenclosed exit ramps or stairways as permitted in Section 1020.1, the distance of travel on such rrleans of cgrcss components shall also he includedin the travel distance measurement. The measurement along stairways shall be made on aplane parallcl and vangent lo the stair tread nosings in the center of thc stairway,
Exceptions: 1. Travel distancc in open parking garages is permitted to be measured to the closest riscr of opcn stairs. 2. In outdoor facilities with open exit access components and opcn csterior stairs or ramps, travcl distance is pcmmitted to be measured to the closest riscr of a stair or thc closest slope of the ramp. 3. Where an exit stair is pcr~n~tted to be unenclosed in accordance with Fxccption 8 or 9 of Section 1020.I . the travel distancc shall he measured from thc most remote point within a building to an exit discharge.
1016.2 Roof vent increase. In buildings that are onc story in height, equipped with automatic hcat and snlokc roof vcnts comply~ngwith Section 910 and equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1, the maximmn exit access travel distancc shall be 400 fcct (122 m) for occupancies in Group F-l or S-1. 1016.3 Exterior egress balcony increase. Travel distances specified in Section 1016.1 shall be increased up to an additional 100 feet (30 480 mm) provided the last portion of the exit acccss Icading to the exit occurs on an exterior egress balcony constnfcted in accordance with Section 1014.5. The length of such balcony shall not be less thm the amount of the increase takcn.
MEANS OF EGRESS
TABLE 1016.1 EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCEa -
1 I
I
'
1
OCCUPANCY
WITHOUT SPRINKLER SYSTEM -(feet) -- -
1
WITH SPRINKLER
SYSTEM^
I -
-
_(feet)
200
one-half of the required tneans of cgress doors opening directly to the exterior. Exterior doors specified in this exception are required to be at ground level.
.
I
-
1
2. A fire-resistance rating is not requircd for corridors contailled within a dwelling or sleeping unit in an occupancy in Group K.
250 .- ..-
--
3. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in open parking garages.
. -- -
400
150
4. A fire-resistance rating is not recluired for conidors in an occupancy in Group B which is a space requiring only a single means of egress coniplyiiig w ~ t hSection 1015.1.
200
1017.2 Corridor width. The minimum corridor width shall be as deterniined in Section 1005.1. but not less tha~l44 inches (1138 mm).
100
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. a. Scc thc following sections for modifications to exit access travel distancc requircmcnts: Section 402 ol'the I ~ i t e r ~ z ~ ~ iRilil~lirig i o ~ ~ u ! Code: For the dista~icclimitation in malls. Scction 404 of the I~iter~iofior~ul Birildin,q Code: For the distancc limitation through an atrium space. S c c ~ i o101 ~ ~6.2 For increased limitations in Groups F- l and S- 1. Section 1025.7: For increased limitation in assc~~ihly seating. Section 1025.7: For increased limitation For asscmbly open-air sealing. Section 10ll).l: For buildings with o ~ i ccxit. Chapter 3 1 orthe I~iter~liitio~!~! Bllildiii~Code: For the limitation in tcmpoTiit)'structures. b. Bdld~nasequippedthroughout with an automatic sprinlcler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. See Scctioii 903 for ~ i c c u ~ a n c i e s where automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.2 are pcrmittctl.
Exceptions: 1 . Twenty-four inches (610 nim)-For acccss to and utilization of electrical, ~nechanicalor plumbing systems or equipment.
2. Thirty-six inches (914 mm)-With 3. Thirty-six inches (9 14 mm)-Within
Exceptions:
5. Sevcntv-two inches (1829 mm)-In corridors sewing surgical Group I, health care centers for ambulatory patients receiving outpatlcnt medical care, whicli causes the patient to be not capable of ?elf-preservntion.
6. Ninety-six inches (2438 trim)-In 61-oup 1-2 in areas wherc iequired for bed movement. 1017.3 Dead ends. Where Inore than one exit or exit access doorway 1s required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dcad ends in corridors more than 20 feet (6096 mni) in length. Exceptions:
1. A fire-resistance rating is not required for corridors in an occul~ancyin Group E where each rooin that is used for instrz~ctionhas at least one door directly to the exterior and rooms for assembly purposes have at least
~
.
~-
~
~
.
.-,
-~
~. ~~-
a dwelling unit.
4. Seventy-two inches (1 829 1nm)-ln Group E with a corridor having a required capacity of 100 or more.
[B]SECTION 1017 CORRIDORS 1017.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1017.1. The corridor walls required to be tire-resistance rated sliall comply with Section 708 of thc Irrrcr-rlutin~zalB ~ l i i ~ l i rCode ~ g for fire partitions.
a recluil.cd occu-
pant capacity of less than 50.
.
1. In occ~~pancies in Ciroup 1-3 of Occupancy Condition 2, 3 or 4 (see Section 202). the (lead end In a con idor shall not exceed 50 fect (1 5 240 mm).
TABLE 1017.1 CORRIDOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING ~. . ~-~ ..
-~-~.. -~ ----
~.
~~
W i ~ h a u ~ r ~ n n k ~ e r ~. n ~ + ~ t e m with - - sprinkler votem:
Not Permitled ~-
-
~~
~
- ~I , ~
~~
.-.. ..
1..
~
~~
-~
~
. ..
- -
-1
1.! 1
i
-. .
0
...
I -
a. For requirement.; li)r occupancies in Group 1-2, see SecLion 407.3 of lhc Illtrr~zoiinrzoiBrii!di/l:,~Code. b. For a reduction in Lhc fire-resistance rating for occupancies in Group 1-3, see Section 408.7 of the Ir~tcrriutiorroiRuilrli~lgCnde. c. Buildinfs cquippetl thl.nughout with an automatic sprinltler system in iiccordance withsection 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 where allou'ed. 124
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
2.
occ~\panciesin Groups B and F where the building is equipped througl~outwith an a~ltomaticsprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the length of dead-end corridors shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 rum).
interferes with its function as a means of egress. Oncc a given lcvel of exit proteclion is achieved, such lcvcl of protection shall not be reduced until arrival at thc exit discharge.
112
3. A dcad-cnd corridor shall not be limited in length where thc length of the dead-end corridor is lcss than 2.5 times the least width of the dead-end corridor.
1018.2 Exterior exit doors. Buildings or structurcs used for human occupancy shall have at least onc exterior dour that meets the requirements of Section 1008.1.1. 1018.2.1 Detailed requirements. Exterior exit doors shall comply with the applicablerequireincnts of Scction 1008. I .
1017.4 Air movement in corridors. Corridors shall not serve as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts.
1018.2.1 Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lcad directly to the cxit discharge or the public way.
Exceptions: I . Use of a corridor as a source of makeup air for exhaust systems in rooms that opc~ldircctly onto such corridors, including toilet rooms, bathrooms, dressing r o o ~ l ~snloliing s, lounges and janitor closcts, shall bc per~nittcd.provided tilaleach such corridor is dircctly supplicd with outdoor air at 21 rate grcarcl-than thc rutc of makeup air taken froni the coi-ridor.
2. Where located within a dwelling unit, thc use of corrid o n for conveying return airshall not beprohibited. 3. n'herc Iocatcd within tcnant spaces of 1,000 square feet (93 m2) or less in area, utili7ation of corridors for conveying rcturn air is permitted.
1017.4.1 Corridor ceiling. Usc of the space between the col-ridor cciling and thc floor or roof structure abovc as a return air plenum is permitted for onc or inore of the following conditions:
[B] SECTION 101 9 NUMBER OF EXITS AND CONTINUITY 1019.1 Minimum number of exits. All roorns and spaces within each story shall be provided with and havc access to the minimum number of approved indcpendcnt cxits requil-cd by Table 1019.1 based on the occupant load of the story, except as I modified in Scction 1015.1 or 1019.2. For the purposes of this chapter, occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required for stories. The required nu~nberof exits from any story. basement or individual space shall be maintained until arrival at grade or thc public way. TABLE 1019.1 MINIMUM - NUMBER - - - OF - -EXITS FOR OCCUPANT LOAD OCCUPANT LOAD (persons per story) ~
1 . The corridor is not required to be of fire-resistance-ratcd construction; 2. The corridor is separated from the plenum by fire-resistance-rated construction; 3. 'T'he air-handling system scrvinp the corridor is shut down upon activation of the air-handling unit smoke detectors required by the Ii~ternatio~zal Meckanicul cotzc .
4. The air-handling ~ystc111 scrving the corridor is shut
down upon detection of sprinkler waterflow thc building is cquipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system; or
5. Thc spacc bctweerl the corridor cciling and the floor or roof structure above thc corridor is used as a component of an approvcd cngincered smokc control systcm. 1017.5 Corridor continuity. Fire-resistance-rated corridol.~ sh~lllbc continuous from thc point of entry to an exit. and shall not hc intcrruptetl hy intcrvcning rooms. Exception: Foyers, lobbies or reception roorns const~xllcted as rcquircd for conidor.; shall 11otbc construed as intervcnin$ rooms. [BJSECTION I 01a EXlTS 1018.1 General. Exit\ 41x111 comply M. ith Sections l 018 through 1023 ant1 thc applicablc requiremcuts of Scction1003 through 1013. ,411 cxit shall not bc uscd for any purpo\c that 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
T
!
j
-
-
MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXITS (per .-. .~ .~~~~ .
I
~
~~
I
;--.
.
L.~
1.
501-1,000
- ..~L. - .-
More than 1,000 _. .
~
.,
~
I
2'
1-500
-.
~
!
i
-
.
.- .
4 ~~
--
-
. .. ~-
~
~
I
!
.-~~,
- - ~
1019.1.1 Parking structurcs. Parking structures shall not have less than two exits from cach parkins tier, cxccpt that only onc exit is required where vehicles are mcchunic;~lly parked. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered as required exits unlcss pedestl-ian facilities rue providcd. 1019.1.2 Helistops. Thc mcans of egrcss from helistops shall comply with the provisions of this chapte~;providcd that landing areas located on buildings or structures ~ h i ~ l l have two or more exits. For landing platfvrms or roof arcas lcss than 60 fcet ( I 8 288 mm) long, or less than 2?000squarc feet (186 m2) in area, the sccond means of egress is pcrmitted to be a fire escape or ladder leading to the floor below. 1019.2 Buildings with one exit. Only one exit shall bc r e q ~ ~ i r cindbuildings as described below: 1 . Buildings described in Table I01 9.2, providcd that the
building has not more than onc level below thc first story above grade plane.
2. Buildings of Group R-3 occupancy 3. Single-lcvel buildings with the occupied sp:~ce a1 thc level of exit discharge providcd that the story or spacc complics with Section 1015.1 as a space with onc mcans of egress.
MEANS OF EGRESS
TABLE 1019.2 BUILDINGS WITH ONE EXlT -
1
- -
1
I
I
:A. B". EL.F. M, u I
1
H-?, 1-1-3
11
l Story I-
-
Bh3F. M.SX I
I
I
1 3 occupant5 and 25 feet I
I
I
l
I
' Story
1
travel d~stance
.
_-
d~stiince J __ travel --
Storle5L -
--
--
I -A
1
29 occupant\ and 100
/
travel distancc
feettraucl d~rtrnce -
-
-
1 -I
1 30 occupants and 75 feet 'I
2 Sto"s
-
1
1 10 occupants and 75 feet 1
- r--
1 1
travel distance
1
- -
I S'
1
1I 1 49 occupant5 and 75 feet /
I
H-4. H-5. I. R
7
MAXIMUM OCCUPANTS MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF (OR DWELLING UNITS) PER1 BUILDING ABOVE FLOOR AND I GRADE PLANE TRAVEL DISTANCE - __ i
OCCUPANCY
--
-
L
:
1
4 dwell~ngunit\ and 50 1
feet travel d~atance
-
-
J
For SI: I Soot = 304.8 mm. a. For thc required number- of exit? Tor open pal-Icing structures, see Section 1019.1.1. b. For-therequircd number of exits liv air trafiic control toners. see Section 412.1 of the Ir1fen7ot101mlBirild;rlg CocIc. c. Buildings classified as Group R-2 equipped thln~~gliout with an aulomatic sprinkler system in accordance with Seclion 903.3.1. I or003.3.1.2 andprw vided with emergency escape and rescue openings in accordance with Sectioil 1026 shall have a maximum height of three stories above grade plane. d. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1 with an occup:ilrcy in Group B shall have a maxim on^ ~r-me1distance ol' 100 fcet. I c. Day care maximum occupm~tloud is 10.
1019.3 Exit continuity. Exits shall bc continuous from the point of cntry into the cxit to thc exit discharge. 1019.4 Exit door arrangement. Exit door arra~~gemcnt shall mcct thc reclit~rc~ncnts of Sections 1015.2 through 10 15.2.2. [B] SECTION 1020 VERTICAL EXlT ENCLOSURES 1020.1 Eoclosures required. lnterior exit stairways and interior cxit ramps shall bc enclosed with fire barriers constructed in accordancc with Section 706 of the hztenzutiorzul Buildirzg Code or horizontal assemblies constructcd in accordancc with B~lilclirigCodt~,or both. Exit Scction 71 1 of thc lr~renzntior~al enclosurcs shall havc a firc-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours wherc connecting four stories or inore and not lcss than 1 hour whcre connecting lcss than four stories. The number of stories connccted by the cxit enclosure shall include any base( ments but not any n~ezzanines.An cxit enclosure shall not be used for any purpose other than means of cgress.
Exceptions: 1. In all occupancies, othcr than Group H and Ioccupancies, a stairway is not recluircd to bc enclosed whcn the stairway serves an occupant load of less than 10 and the stainvay cotnplics with cithcr Item 1.1 or 1.2. In all cases, the maximum nun~berof connecting opcn storics shall not exceed two.
I. I . The stairway is open to not more than one story above the story at the level of cxit tlischargc, or 1.2. The stairway is open to not more than one story below the story at thc lcvel ot'cxit discharge. 2. Exits in buildings of Group A-5 where all pol tlons of the means of egrcss arc essentially open to thc o u t ~ i d c need not bc enclosed.
3. Stairways serving and contained within a sinplc residential dwelling unit or sleeping unit in Group R-I, R-2 or R-3 occupancies are not required to bc enclosed. 4. Stairways that are not a requircd means of cgress clcment are not required to be enclosed whcre such stairways col-uply with Section 707.2 of thc bzteriztrtional Buiklitz~Cotle.
5. Stairways in open parking structures that scrvc only the parking structure are not required to be enclosed. 6. Stairways i l l Group 1-3 occupancies, as providcd for in Section 408.3.6 of the Inteunutiorzal Br~illirzgCo(le. are not required to be enclosed. 7. Means of egress stairways as required by Section 410.5.3 of the Intenzutiorml Brrildir~gCotie arc not required to be enclosed. 8. In other than Group H and I occupancies. a maximum of 5 0 percent of cgrcss stairways serving onc acijacent floor are not rcquircd to be cncloscd, providcd at least two Incans of egress are providcd froin both floors served by the 1.1nenc1osedstairways. Any two such interconnected floors shall not bc open to othc~.floors. Unenclosed exit stairways shall be rernotcly located as rcquircd in Scction 10 15.11.
9. In othcr than Group H and 1 occupancies. intcrior egress stairways scrving only the first and sccond stories of a building ecluipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1 are not required to be enclosed, providcd at least two means of egress are provided from both floors served by the unenclosed stairways. Such intcrconnected stories shall not be open to other stories. Unenclosed exil stairways shall be remotely located as required in Scction 1015.2. 1020.1.1 Openings and penetrations. Exit cnclosurc opening protectives shall bein accordance with the requirements of Section 7 15 of the Ir~terrzationnlB~iilclirlgCode. Exccpt as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the brterirutionul B~iildingCode, openings in exit enclosures other than unprotected exterior opcnings shall be limited to those necessary for cxit access to thc enclosure from normally occitpied spaccs and for cgrcss from the enclosure. Where interior exit enclosures are extended to the exterior of a building by an exit passageway, the door assembly from the exit enclosure to the exit passageway shall bc protectcd by a firc door assembly conforming to the rcquirements in Section 7 15.4 of the Ir~tt~r7rt~tiontzl Bililditl~CotIt'. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
Firc door assenlhlies in exit enclos~~rcs shall cornply with Section 7 15.4.4 of the I~ztzrci-iiutionulBuilding Code. Elevators shall not open into an exit enclosure.
1020.1.2 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for required exit doors, equipment and ductwork necessary for independent pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes, clectrical raceway for fire departnicn~communication systems and clcctrical raceway serving the exit enclosure and terminating at a steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 in2).Such penetrations shall be protectedin accordance with Scction 71 2 of the Irrter?u/tionaiNuildi~zgCode. There shall be no pcnetr;ltions or communication openings, whether 1.7rotectcdor not, between adjacent exit enclosures. 1020.1.3 Ventilation. Equipment and ductwork for exit enclosurc ventilation as permitted by Section 1020.1.2 shall coinply with one of the following items: 1. Such cquipment and ductwork shall be locatcd exterior to the building and shall be directly connected to the cxit enclosure by ductwork enclosed in constnrction as rcquired for shafts. 2. Whcrc such equipment and ductwork is located with~nthe cxit cnclosurc, the intake air shall be taken directly from the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the outdoors, or such ail- shall be conbeyed through ducts enclosed in construction as required for shafts. 3. Where locatcd within the building, such cquipment and d~~ctworli shall be separated from the remainder of the building, including othcr mechanical equipment, with construction as rcquircd for shafts. 111each case, openings illto the fire-resistance-rated construction shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and operation and shall bc protected by opening protcctives Builclin accordance with Section 715 c.)f the I~ztc~nzutiorzul irrg Code for shaft enclosures. Exit enclosure ventilation systems shall bc independent of othcr building ventilation systems. 1020.1.4Exit enclosure exterior walls. Exterior walls of an exit enclosure shall comply with the requirements of Section 704 of the hztr?niarional Buildi~zgCode for exterior walls. Where nonr21tcd walls or unprotected openings enclose the exterior ofthe stairway and thc walls or openings are exposed by othcr- parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees (3.14 radj. the building exterior walls within 10 fcet (3048 mm) horizontally of a ilonrared wall or unprotcctcd opcning shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protcctives having a tire protection rating of not less than V , hour. This construction shall extend vertically frorn the ground to a point 10 feet (3048 mm) above the topmost landing of the stairway or to the roof linc, whichcver is lower. 1020.1.5 Discharge identification barrier. A stairway in an exit cnclosurc shall not con~irluebelow the level of exit discharge unless an approvcd barricr is provided at the lcvcl of cxit discharge to prevent pcrsons from unintentionally !006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE
CODE^
continuing into levels below. Directional cxit signs shall be provided as specified in Section 101 1 . C
1020.1.6 Stairway floor number signs. A sign shall be provided at each floor landing in interior exit enclosures I connecting morc than three storics designating the floor level; the terminus of the top and bottom of the stair enclosure and the identification of the stair. The signagc shall also state the story of, and the direction to the exit discharge and the availability of I-oofaccess froin thc stairway for the fire departmcnt. The s ~ g nshall be locatcd 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor landing in a position that is rcadily visiblc when the doors are in the open and closed positions.
1020.1.9 Smokeproof enclosures. In buildings rcquirccl to con~plywith Section 403 or 405 of thc Il~tzrc~~~utiotziilRlriMi~~g Code,each of the exits of abuilding that serves storics wherc the floor surface is locatcd morc than 75 fcet (22 860 mlu) above the lowest level of firc depnrtmcnt vchiclc access or more than 30 fcet (9144 mm) below thc level of exit discharge serving such floor lcvels shall bc a sn~okcproof enclosure or pressurizcd stairway in accordancc with Scction 909.20. 1020.1.9.1 Enclosure exit. A srrioltcproof enclosure or pressurized stairway shall exit into a public way or into an exit passageway, yard or open space having direct access to a public way. The cxit passageway shall bc without other- openings and shall be separated from thc remainder of the building by 2-hour fire-I-csistancc-ratcd construction. Exceptions: 1. Openings in the cxit passageway serving a
arc pcrnlitted wherc the smokcproof enclos~~re exit passageway is protcctcd and pressurized in the same manner as the smokcproof enclosure, arid openirlgs arc protectcd as required hiaccess from other floors. 2. Openings in the exit passageway serving a p ~ c s surized stairway are permitted where the cxit passageway is protectcd and pressurizcd in the same manner as the pressurized stairway. 3. A srnokepr-oof enclosurc or pressurizcd stairway shall be permitted to egress through areas on the level of discha-gc ur vestihulcs as perniittcd by Section 1024.
1020.1.7.2 Enclosure access. Acccss to thc stairway within a smokeproof cnclosurc shall hc hy way of a vcstibule or an open exterior balcony. Exception: Access is not required by way of ;I vestlbule or exte~iorbalcony for stairways using thc prcssurization altcrnat~vcc o m p l y ~ n gw ~ t hScction 909.20.5.
[B]SECTION 1021 EXIT PASSAGEWAYS 1021.1 Exit passageway. Exit passageways scrving as an cxit component in a mcans of egress systern shall comply with the
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
rcquircrncnts of this scction. An cxit passageway shall not be used for any purposc othcr than as a mcans of egress.
1021.2 Width. The width of exit passageways shall be deterinined as specified in Scction 1005.1 but such width shall not bc lcss than 44 inches (1 1 18 mm), except that exit passageways scrving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not bc less than 36 inchcs (9 14 nlin) in width. The required width of exit passageways shall be unobstructcd.
Exception: Doors, whcn fully opened. and handrails, shall not reduce thc required width by more than 7 inches (178 min). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half. Other non\tructural prqjections such as trim and similar dccorative features are pennitted to projcct into the required width 1.5 inches (38 mm) on cach side.
required, not more than one-half of thc total number of cxits o r total exit width shall bc horizontal exits.
Exceptions: 1. Horizontal exits are pem~ittcdto comprisc two-thirds of the required exits from any building or floor area for occupancies in Group 1-2. 2. Horizontal exits arc pcrmitted to comprisc 100 percent of the exits requircd for occupancies in Group 1-3. At least 6 square feet (0.6 m') of accessible space per occupant shall bc providcd on each side of the horizontal exit for thc total nu~nbcrof peoplc in adjoining compartments. Every fire compartment for which credit is allowcd in connection with a horizontal exit shall not be required to have a stairway or door leading dircctly outside, provided thc adjoining fire compartments have stairways or doors leading dircctly outside and are so arranged that cgress shall not rcquire the occupants to return through thc compartment from which egress originates.
1021.3 Construction. Exit passageway enclosures shall have walls. floors and ceilings of not less than 1 -hour fire-resistance rating. and not lcss than that required for any connecting exit enclosure. Exit passageways shall be constructcd as fire barriThe area into which a horizontal exit leads shall be provided ers in accordance with Section 706 of the Iizter.r~atiotzalBuildi~zg with exits adequate to meet the occupant requirements of this Code. chapter, but not including the added occupant capacity 1021.4 Openings and penetrations. Exit passageway opening imposed by persons cntcring it through horizontal cxits from protcctivcs shall bc in accordance with the requirement4 of another arca. At lcast one of its exits shall lcad dircctly to the Scction 7 15 of thc Iizte,-rzaiioizal B~lildirzgCode. extcrior or to an exit enclosure. Except as permitted in Section 402.4.6 of the Ii?ter.i7ational 1022.2 Separation. The separation between buildings or rcfB~fildiflg Code, openings in exit passageways othcr than unexuge areas connected by a horizontal exit shall bc provided by a posed exterior opcnings shall bc limited to those necessary for fire wall complying with Section 705 of the hterrzationcrlBuildexit access to the exit passagcway from nol-mally occupied ing Code or a tire barrier complying with Section 706 of the spaces and for egrcss from thc cxit passageway. Ii~tenzutioizalBuilclillg Code and having a fire-resistance rating Whcrc interior exit enclosures are extended to the exterior of a building by an cxit passageway, the door assembly from the exit cnclosurc to the exit passagcway shall be protccted by a fire door conforming to the requirements in Section 7 15.4 of the Itztenzutitnzal R~zildingCode. Firc door assemblies in exit passageways Buildirzg shall coniply with Scction 715.4.4 of thc I~zterfzatio~zal Code. Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.
1021.5 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through an cxit passagcway are prohibited cxcept for required exit doors, cquip~ncntand ductwork necessary for independent pressurization, sprinklcr piping. standpipes, clectrical raceway for fire dcpartnlcnt cominunication and electrical raceway scrving the cxit passageway and tcrininating at a steel box not cxccecling 16 square inches (0.010 m'). Such penetrations shall bc protccted in accordance with Section 712 of the Iizter.rzatioriul Buildirzg Code. Thcre shall be no penetrations or communicating openings, whether protected or not, bctwccn adjacent exit passageways. [B] SEGTlON 1022 HORIZONTAL EXITS 1022.1 Horizontal exits. Horizontal cxits serving as an exit in a means of cgl-css systcn~shall coinply with the requirements of this scction. A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit froin a portion of a building, and whcre two or inore cxits are
of not less than 2 hours. Opening protectivcs in 11orizont;ll exit walls shall also comply with Section 7 15 of the Ir~terrzutior~ul Buillizg Code. The horizontal exit separation shall cxtend vertically through all lcvels of thc building unlcss floor asscmblies have a tire-resistance rating of ilot ICSS than 2 hours with no unprotected opcnings.
Exception: A fire-resistance rating is not requircd at horizontal exits between a building area and an abovc-gradc pedestrian walkway constructcd in accordance with Section 31 04 of the Intemnt~orzulBuilding Code, provided that thc distailce bctwecn connectcd buildings is niorc than 20 fcet (6096 min). Horizontal exit walls constructcd as fire harriers shall bc continuous from extcrior wall to cxtcrior wall so as to divide completely the floor scrved by thc horizontal exit.
1022.3 Opening protectives. Fire doors in horizontal cxits shall be self-closing or automatic-closing when activated by a smoke detector in accordance with Section 71 5.4.7.3 of the I Ir~ternationalRuildiizg Code. Doors, where located in a cross-corridor condition, shall bc automatic-closing by activation of a srnokc detector installed in :iccordancc with Section 7 15.4.7.3 of the hztenzational BuilEir~gCode. 1022.4 Capacity of refnge area. Thc refuge arca of a horizontal cxit sl~allbc a space occupied by thc same tcnant or a puhlic arca and cach such rcfuge area shall be aclcquatc to accommodate thc original occupant load of thc refugc tircn plus thc occu2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
pant load anticipated from the adjoining compartment. The anticipated occupant load from the ad,joining cornpartnlent shall bc bascd on the capacity uf the horizontal exit doors entering the refuge area. The capacity of the rcfugc area shall bc computed basctl on a net floor area allowance of 3 square feet (0.2737 m') for cach occupant to be accommodated therein.
Exception: The net floor area allowable per occupant shall bc as follows for the indicated occupancies: 1. Six square feet (0.6ni') per occupant for occupancies in Group 1-3. 2. Fifteen square fcct ( 1.4 m') per occupant for ambulato17 occupancies in Group 1-2 3. Thlrty square fect (2 8 m2) pcr occupant for nonaml~ulatoryoccupancies in Group 1-2.
[B] SECTION 1023 EXTERIOR EXIT RAMPS AND STAIRWAYS 1023.3 Exterior exit ramps and stairways. Exterior exit ramps and stairways serving us an element of a required ~neans of egress shall comply with this section.
2. Separation from thc interior of the building is not required whcre theextcrior ~ralnpor stairway is scrvcd by an exterior ramp and/or balcony that connects two remote exterior stairways or othcr approved exits with a perirncter that is 1101 less than 50 pcrccnt open. To be considered open, the opening shall be a minimum of 50 percent of the hcight of the enclosing wall. with the top of the openings no less than 7 feet (2.174 I ~ I T abovc I) the top of the balcony. 3. Scparation fro111 the interior of thc building is not required for an exterior ramp or stairway locatetl in a building or structure that is permitted to have unenclosed interior stairways in accordance with Section 1020.1.
4. Separation from the interior of the building is not required for exterior ramps or stailways conncctcd lo open-ended corridors, provided that Items 4.1 through 4.4 are met: 4.1. The building. including corridors and ramps and/or stairs, shall he equipped throughout with ail automatic sprinlclcr system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
Exception: Exterior exit ralnps and stairways for outdoor stadiums complying with Section 1019.1, Exception 2.
4.2. The open-ended corridor? comply with Scctioo 1017.
1023.2 Use in a means of cgress. Exteriol- exit ramps and stairways shall not he used as an element of a required means of egrcss for Group 1-2 occupancies. For occupancies in other than GI-oup1-2; extcrior exit ramps and stairways shall be pcrmittcd as an element of a required mcans of egress Tor buildirlgs not exceeding six stories abovc grade plane or having occupied floors rnore than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of firc dcpartmcnt vehicle access.
4.3. The opcn-ended corridors arc conncctcd on
1023.3 Openside. Exterior exitramps and stairways serving as an element of a required mcans of egl-ess shall be opcn on at lcast one side. An open side shall have a ruinimuln of 35 square feel (3.3 m2) of aggregate open area adjacent to each floor level and thc lcvel of cach intcrillediatc landing. The required open area shall bc located not less than 47 inchcs (1067 nnn) above the adjaceut floor or landing level. 1023.4 Side yards. Thc open areas adjoining exterior cxit ramps or stairways shall be either yards, courts or public ways: thc remaining sides arc permitted to be encloscd by theexterior walls of tlic building. 1023.5 1,ocation. Exterior cxit ramps and stairways shall be located in accordance with Scction 1023.3.
1023.6 Exterior ramps and stairway protection. Exterior cxit ramps and stairways shall be separaled from the interior of thc building as rcquircd in Section 1020.1. Opc~li~igs shall be limited to thosc necessary for egress from nonnally occupied spaccs. Exceptions: 1. Separation from tllc interior of the building is not
rcquircd tor occupancicc, othcr than those in Group R-1 or R-2. in buildings that are no more than two stories above grade plane whcre the level of exit discharge i s the first story abovc p a d c plane 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
each end to an exterior exit ramp or stairway complying with Section 1023.
4.4. At any localion in an open-e~idcdcorridor where a change of dircction excecding 45 degrees (0.79 rad) occurs, a clearopening of not less than 35 square fect (3.3 ni-) or an extcrior ramp or stairway shall bc provided. Whcre clear openings are provided, thcy shall bc located so as to minimize the accumulation of smoke or toxic gases.
[B] SECTION 1024 EXIT DISCHARGE 1024.1 General. Exits shall discharge dircctly to the extcrior of the building. The exit discharge shall be at grade or shall provide direct access to grade. 'lhc exit discharge shall not rccnter a building. Exceptions: 1. A maximum of 50perccnt of the number and capacity of thc cxit cticlosu~-es is permitted to cgress through arcas on the levcl of discharge providcd LIII of the Sollowing arc met: 1. I . Such exit cnclos~~rcs cgrcss to a frce and unobstructed way to the cxterior of ~ h building, c which way is readily visible and idcntifiablc from the point of termination of the exit cnclosure.
1.2. The entire areaof Lhc levcl of discharge is scparated frol-r~areas below by construction con-
MEANS OF EGRESS
forming to thc fire-resistance rating for the cxit enclosure.
The required width of egress courts shall be unobstructed to a hcight of 7 feet (21 34 mm).
I .3. 'The egrcss path from the exit enclosure on thc level of discharge is protected throughout by an approvcd automatic sprinkler system. All portions of the level of discharge with access to the cgres.; path shall either bc protected throughout with an auto~naticsprinlder system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, or separated from the egress path in accordance with the requirements for the enclosure of exits.
Exception: Doors, when fully opencd, and handrails shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reducc the r e q u i r c d w i d t h b y lnore than o n e - h a l f . O t h e r nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative features are permitted to pro~cctinto thc requircd width 1.5 inches (38 mm) from each side.
2. A maximum of 5 0 percent of the number and capacity of the cxit enclosures is permitted to egress through a vestibule provided all of the following are met:
2.1. The entire area of the vestibule is separated from areas below by construction conforming to the fire-resistance rating for the exit enclosure. 2.2. Tlie depth from the cxterior of the building is not greater than 10 fect (3048 mm) and the length is not greater than 30 feet (9144 mm). 1.3. Tlie area is separated from the remainder of the level of cxit discharge by construction providing protection at least the equivalent of approvcd wired glass in steel frames. 2.4. The area is uscd only for means of egress and exits dircctly to the outside. 3. Stairways in open parking garages complying with Section 1020.1, Exception 5, are permitted to egress through the open parking garage at the level of exit discharee. -
1024.2 Exit discharge capacity. The capacity of the exit discharge shall bc not lcss than the required discharge capacity of tlie exits being served. 1024.3 Exit discharge location. Exterior balconies, stairways and ramps shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from adjacent lot lines and from other buildings on the s a n e lot unless the adjaccnt building cxterior walls and openings are protccted in accordance with Section 704 of the hzft.nzatiorzc~1 Brlildin~Code based on fire separation distance. 1024.4 Exit discharge components. Exit discharge components shall be sufficiently open to the exterior so as to minimize thc accumulation of smoke and toxic gases. 1024.5 Egress courts. Egress courts serving as a portion of the cxit discharge in the means of egress system shall comply with the rcquircments of Section 1024. 1024.5.1 Width. The width of egress courts shall be deterin Section 1005. but such width shall mined as not be less than 44 inches (1 118 mm), except as specified herein. Egress courts serving Group R-3 and U occupancies shall not bc less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.
Where an egress court exceeds the niinimu~nrequircd width and the width of such egress court is thcn rcduced along the path of exit travel, the reduction in width shall be gradual. The transition in width sliall be afkcted by a guard not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height and shall not create an angle of more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) with ucspecl to the axis of the egress court along the path of egrcss travcl. In no case shall the width of the egress court be less than tlie required minimum.
1024.5.2 Construction and openings. Where an egress court serving a building or portion thereof is less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in width, the egress court walls shall have not lcss than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) above the floor of the court. Openings within such uialls shall be protected by opcning protcctives having a fire protection rating of not less than '1, ho~u.
Exceptions: 1 . Egress courts serving an occupant load of lcss than 10. 2. Egress courts serving Group R-3.
1024.6 Access to a public way. The exit discharge shall provide a direct and unobtructed access to a public way.
Exception: Where access to a public way cannot be provided, asafe dispersal area shall be provided where all of the following are met: 1. The area shall be of a size to accom~iiodateat least 5 square feet (0.28 m2) for each person. 2. The area shall be locatcd on the same lot at least 50 fect (15 240 mni) away from the building requiring egress.
3. The area shall bc pernianently maintained and identified as a safe dispersal area. 4. The area shall be provided with a safe and unobstructed path of travcl from the building. [B] SECTION 1025 ASSEMBLY 1025,l General. Occupancies in Group A which contain seats, tables displays, equipment or other material shall comply with this section. 11025.1.1 Bleachers. Bleachers, grandstands, and folding and telescopic seating shall comply with ICC 300.
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
1025.2 Asscmbly main exit. Group A occupancies that have an occupant load of greater Lhan 300 shall be provided with a main cxit. The mairl cxit shall be of sufficient width to accommodatc not less than one-half of Lhc occupant load. but such width shall not be lcss than the total rcquired width of all means ofcgrcss leading tu the exit. Whcre the building is classified as a Group A occupancy, the main cxit shall front on at least one strect or an unoccupicd space of not less than 10 fcet (3048 mm) in width that adjoins a street or public way. Exception: In assen~blyocc~~pancies whel-e there is no well-dcfined main exit or where multiple main exits are provided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed around the perimeter of thc building provided thal the total width of egress is not lcss than 100 percent of thc required width.
enclosure as provided in Scction 1020.1, except that stairways are permitted to be open between the balcony and thc main assembly floor in occupancies such as thcatcrs, places of religious worship and auditoriun~s.At least one accessible means of egress is required from a balcony or pallcry level containing accessible seating locations in accosdance with Scction 1007.3 or 1007.4.
1025.6 Width of means of egress for assembly. The clcar width of aisles and other mcans of egrcss shall co~nplywith Section 1025.6.1 where smoke-protected seating is not provided and with Scction 1025.6.2 or 1025.6.3 whcl-e smoke-13rotcctcd seating is provided. The clear width shall be mcasured to walls, cdgcs of scati~lgand tread edges exccpt for permitted projcctions. 1025.6.1 Without smoke protection. The clcar width of the means of egress shall provide sufficient capacity in accordance with all of the following. as :ipplicable:
1025.3 Assembly other exits. In addition to having access to a main exit, cach Icvcl in a Group A occupancy having an occupant load greater than 300 shall be provided with additional means of cg~cssthat shall provide an egrcss capacity for at least one-half of thc total occupant load scrvcd by that level and comply with Section 10 15.2.
1. At least 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) of width for each occupant served shall be provided on stairs having riscr hciglits 7 inchcs ( I78 mm) or less and tread depths 1 1 inchcs (279 mm) or greater, measured horizontally bclwcen tread nosings. 2. At lcast 0.005 inch (0.117 ~ n m )of additional stair width for each o c c u p a ~shall ~ t be providcd for each 0.10 inch (2.5mm) ofriserlleightabove7 inches (178 mm). 3. Where egress requires stair descent, at least 0.075 inch (1.9 mm) of additional width Tor each occupant shall be provided on those portions of stair width having no handrail within a horizontal distancc o r 30 inches (762 mmj. 4. Ramped means of egress, wllcre slopes are stcepcr than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-pcrccnt slope). shall h a ~ at e lcast 0.22 inch (5.6 111111)of clcar width for each occupant scncd. L c ~ ~ cnrl ramped means of egress, where slopes arc not steeper than onc unit lrertical in 12 units horizontal (8-pcrcent slope). shall have at lcast 0.20 inch (5.1 mm) of clcar width tor each occupant scrvcd.
Exception: In assembly occupancies where therc is no well-defined mail1 cxit or where multiple main exits are provided. cxits shall be permitted to be distributed around the pcrirnetcr of the building, provided that the total width of egress is not lcss than 100 percent of the requircd width. 1025.4 Foyers and lobbies. 111 GI-oup A-1 occupancies, where persons are admitted to the building a1 times when scats are not a~~ailable and are allowed to wait in a lobby or similar spacc, such usc of lobby or siniilar space shall not encroach upon the rccluired clcar width of the mcans of egl-ess. Such waiting areas shall be separated from the required mcans of egress by suhstantial permanent partitions or by fixed rigid railings not less than 43 iriclles ( 1067 mni) high. Such foyer, if not di~.ectlyconnected to a public street by all the main entranccs or exits, shall have a straight and unobstructed corridor or path of travel to every such main entrancc or cxit. 1025.5 Intcrior balcony and gallery means of egress. For
k! balconies or galleries having a seating capacity of 50 or more
1025.6.2 Smoke-protected seating. 'Thc clear width of the nlcans of egress for smoke-protected assembly seating shall not be less than the occupant load served by the egress elenient ~nultipliedby the appropriate factor in 'lhble 1025.6.2. The total number of seats specified shall hc those within the space cxposed to the same smoke-protcctcd cnvironmcnt.
located in Group A occupancies, at lcast two Incans of egress shall be providcd, with one from each side of every balcony or galle~yand at lcast one leading directly to an exlt.
1025.5.1 Enclosure of balcony openings. Interior stairways and other vertical openings shall be enclosed in an e x ~ t
TABLE 1025.6.2 WIDTH OF AISLES FOR SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY
T
0.200 1 5,000
0.130
0.163
0.096
0.120
0.150 0.100 0.077. 0.062
PorS1:
1 inch = 25.4 i111n.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
~
~
,
MEANS OF EGRESS
lntcrpolation is pcr~nitted betwcen the specitic v:llues shown. A life safety evaluation; complying with NFPA 101, shall be donc for a facility utilizing the reduced width requircmcnts of Table 1025.6.2 for smoke-protected assembly seating.
Exception: For an outdoor smoke-protected assembly with an occupant load not greater than 18.000, the clew width shall be determined using the factors in Section 1025.6.3. 1025.6.2.1 Smoke control. Means of egress serving a smoke-protectedassembly seating area shall be provided with a smoke control sy\tem complying with Section 909 or natural ventilation designed to maintain the s~nokclcvel at lcast 6 feet (1 829 mm) above the floor of thc mcanc of cgress. 1025.6.2.2 Koof height. A smoke-protected assen~bly scating arca with a roof shall have the lowest portion of the roof deck not less than 15 feet (4572 inm) above the highcst aislc or aislc acccssway. Exception: A I-oof canopy in an outdoor stadium shall be permittcd to be less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway provided that thcrc are no objects less than 80 inches (2032 mni) above the highest aisle or aisle accessway. 1025.6.2.3 Automatic sprinklers. Enclosed areas with walls and ccilings in buildings or structures containing smoke-protected assembly seating shall be protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Exceptions: 1. The floor arca used for contests, pcrfornrances or entertainment p~ovidedthc roof construction is more than 50 feet (15 240 mm) abovc the floor level and the usc IS restricted to low fire I w a r d uses. 2. Prcss boxcs and storage facilities lcss than 1,000 square fcct (93 111') in area.
3. Outdoor seating facilities where seating and the means of cgress in the seating area are essentially open to the outside. 1025.6.3 Width of means of egress for outdoor smoke-protected assembly. The clear width in inches (mm) of aislcs and other lncans of egress shall be not lcss than the total occupant load served by the egress elemcnt ~nultiplicdby 0.08 (2.0 rnmj wherc egress is by aisles and ) egress is by stairs and multiplied by 0.06 (1 5 2 m n ~ where ramps. corridors, tunnels or vomitories. Exception: The clcar width in inches (nlm I of aisles and othcr Incans of egrcss shall be permitted to comply with Scction 1025.6.2 for the number of seats in the outdoor \mokc-protected assembly whcre Section 1025.6.2 permits lcss width. 1025.7 li-avel dista~~ce. Exits and aislcs shall be so located that the travel distance to an exit door shall not be greater than 200 feet (60 960 ~ n m )mcasured along the line of travel in
nonsprinlilered b~~ildings. 'have1 distance shall not be more than 250 feet (76 200 mm) in sprinklered buildings. Whcrc aisles are provided for seating, thc distance shall be measured along the aisles and aislc acccssway without travel ovcr or on the seats.
Exceptions: 1. Smokc-protectcd assembly sealing: Thc travel distance fi-om each seat to the nearest cntrance to a vomitory or concourse shall not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). The travel distance from the cntrance to the \,omitory or concourse to a stair. ramp or walk 011 thc exterior ofthe building shall not excccd 200 fcct (60 960 mm). 2. Open-air seating: The travel distallcc from each scat to the building extcrior shall not excecd 1 0 0 feet ( I 22 m). The travel distance shall not be limited in facilities of Type I or 11 constn~ction.
1025.8 Common path of travel. The comrnon path of cgrcss travel shall not excccd 30 feet (9144 mm) from any scat to a point whcrc an occupant has a choice of two paths of egress travel to two cxits. Exceptions: I. For areas serving less than 50 occupants. thc common path of egress travel shall not cxcced 75 fecl(22 860 mm). 2. For smoke-protected assembly seating. the common path of egress travel shall not cxceed 50 feet ( I 5 230 mm).
1025.8.1 Path through adjacent roar.Where one of the two paths of travel is across the aisle through a row of seats to another aisle, there shall be not more than 24 seats betwecn the two aisles, and the minimum clcar width between rows for thc row betwecn the two aislcs shall be 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for cach additional seat above sever! in the row between aislcs. Exception: For smoke-protected assembly ccating thcre shall not be more than 40 seats between thc two aisles and the minimum clear wrdth shall be 12 inchcs (305 mm) plu\ 0.3 inch (7.6 m ~ n for ) each additional seat. 1025.9 Assembly aisles are required. Every occupied portion of any occupancy in Group A that contains seats, tablcs. displays, similar fixtures or equipment shall be provided with aisles leading to cxits or exit access doorways in accordance with this section. Aisle accessways for tables and scating shall comply with Section 1014.4.3. 1025.9.1 Minimum aisle width. The minimum clear width for aisles shall be as shown: 1. Forty-eight inches (1219 mrn) for aisle stairs having seating on each side.
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mln) whcrc the aisle scr\.es less than 5 0 scats. B 2. Thirty-six inches (914 mni) for aisle stairs having scating on only onc side. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
3. Twcnty-thrcc inchcs (581 mm) betwecn an aislc stair handrail or guard and scating where the aisle is subdivided by a handrail. 1.Fo~.ty-twoinches (1067 mm) for lcvel or rampcd aisles having seating on both sides.
having an aisle accesswily wlth a min~rnu~n clear width of 12 inches (305 nun) plus 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) for each additional scat abovc seven in the TOW.
1025.9.6 Asselnbly aisle obstructions. There shall bc no obstructions in the requircd width of aisles cxcept for handrails as provided in Scction 1025.13.
Exceptions: 1. Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle scrvcs lcss than 50 seats. 2. Thirty inchcs (762 mm) where the aislc does not serve more than 14 seats. 5 . Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles having seating on only onc side.
Exceptions: I . Thirty inchcs (762 mln) where thc aisle does not serve more than 14 seats. 2. Twenty-three inchcs (554 mm) between an aisle stair halldrail and seating where an aisle does not serve more than five rows on one side.
1025.10 Clear width of aislc accessways scrving scating. Where seating rows have 14 or fewcr seats, the minimurn clear aisle acccssway width shall not he less than 12 inchcs (305 mm) measured as the clear horizontal distancc from thc back of the row ahead and the nearcst projection of the row bchind. Wherc chairs have automatic or self-rising seats, the mcasurement shall bc madc with seats in the raised position. Whcrc any chair in the row clues not have an automatic or sell-'-risingscat, the measurements shall bemade with thc scat in the down position. For seats with folding tablet arms, row spacing shall be determined with the tablet arm down. 1025.10.1 Dual acccss. For rows of scating served by aislcs or doorways at both ends, there shall not be more than 100 seats per row. The minim~unclear width of 12 inches (305 mm) betwecn rows shall be increased by 0.3 inch (7.6 nun) for every additional seat beyond I4 seats, but thc mini~lrurn clear width is not required to exceed 22 inchcs (559 mm).
1025.9.2 Aisle width. The aisle width shall provide sufficicnt cgress capacity for the number of persons accommodated by the catchmcnt a]-ca served by the aisle. Thc c a t c h ~ n earea ~ ~ t served by an aisle is that portion of the total space that is scrved by that section of the aisle. In establishing catchmcnt areas, the assu~nptionshall be made that there is a balanccd use of all nicans oregress. with thc number of pcl.sons in proportion to egress capacity. 1025.9.3 Converging aisles. Wherc aisles converge to form a single path of egress triivel. the required egress capacity of that path shall not be less than thc combined rcquircd capacity of the converging aisles. 1025.94 Uniform width. Those portions of aisles, where cgrcss is possible in either of two directions, shall be uniii9r1n in recluircd width.
Exception: For smoke-protected assembly seating, the row length limits for a 12-inch-wide (305 mm) aislc acccssway, bcyond which the aisle accessway minimum clear width shall be increased, are in Table 1025.10.1. TABLE 1025.10.1 SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY AISLE ACCESSWAYS -
,
1
/
1 /
TOTAL NUMBER OF SEATS IN THE SMOKEPROTECTED ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY /
1
/ '
-
-
-
-
1
I
Aisle or doorway at both e n d s of row
Aisle or doorway at one end of row onlv
1025.9.5 Assenlbly aisle termination. Each end of an aisle shall tcrminatc at cross aisle, foyer, doorway, vomitory or concourse baving access to an exit. Exceptions: 1. Dead-end aisles shall not be greatcr than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length. 2. Dead-cnd aislcs longer than 20 feet (6096 mm) are permitted whel-c seats beyond the 20-foot (6096 mm) dead-end aisle arc no more than 24 scats from anolher aislc. mcasured along a row of seats having a minimum clear width of 12 inches (305 mm) plus 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for each additional seat above seven in the row. 3 For smoltc-protccteti asscmbly scatlng. the dead-end aisle length of vertical aisles shall not cxcced a d~stanceof 2 1 rows. 4. For smoke-protected asscmbly seating. a longer
dcad-cnd aislc is permitted where scats beyond thc 2.1 -row dcad-cnd aisle are not Inore than 4 0 scats from anothcr aislc, mcasured alvrlg a row of seats 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SEATS PER ROW PERMllTED TO HAVE A MINIMUM 12-INCH CLEAR WIDTH A 3 L E ACCESSWAY
, i
8
I I
132000 -
.
.
!6@0 19,000
. II-18 ~
~
~.
!--_%nno;m!!-gr~+!e:-~_ For SI:
1
i
~~~
~
~
_-
2
-
-
~i .
_
" . . -
j i
20
--
. .
1
'8.
rL~.
1
~
~
.l
-
C)--
. .
'9
.
1I
-
~
-;
~
~~ .-. .
.
i 1
I
i
I inch = 25.4 mm.
1025.10.2 Single access. For rows of seating served by an aisle or doorway at only one end of the row, the minimum clear width of I2 inches (30.5 mm) betwecn rows shall be iucreased by 0.6 inch (15.2 mm) for every additional seat beyond seven seats. but the minimum clear width is not required to exceed 22 inches (559 mm). Exception: For smoke-protected asscmbly scating, thc row length limits for a 12-inch-widc (305 nlm) aislc accessway, beyond which thc aisle acccssway ~ l l i ~ l i n ~ u ~ n cledr width shall bc incrcascd, are in I j b l c 1025.10.1.
MEANS OF EGRESS
1025.11 Assembly aislc walking surfaces. Aisles with a slope not excceding one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-perccnt slope) shall consist of a ramp having a slip-resistant walking surface. Aisles with a slope cxceeding one unit vertical in cight units horizontal (12.5-percent slopc) shall consist of a series of risers and treads that cxtends across thc full width of aisles and complics with Sections 1025.1 1.1 through 1025.1 1.3. 1025.11.1 Treads. TI-caddepths shall be a minimum of I1 inches (279 mm) and shall have dimensional uniformity. Exception: The tolerance between adjacent treads shall not exceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mm). 1025.1 1.2 Risers. Where the gradient of aisle stairs is to be the samc as the gradient of adjoining scating areas, the riser height shall not bc less than 4 inches (102 nun) nor more than 8 inches (203 mm) and shall be uniform with~neach flight. Exceptions: I. liiscr hcight nonuniformity shall be limited to the extent ncccssitatcd by changes in the gradient of the adjoining seating area to maintain adequate sightlines. Where nonuniformities cxceed 0.188 inch (4.8 mrn) between adjacent risers, the exact location of such nonuniformities shall be indicated with a distinctive marking stripe on cach tread at the nosing or leading edge adjacent to the nonuniform risers. Such stripe shall be a minimum of I inch (25 nun), and a maximum of 2 inches (51 rnm), widc. The edge marking stripe shall be distinctively different from the contrasting marking stripe. 2. Riser heights not exceeding 9 inches (229 mtn) shall be permitted where they are neccssitated by the slope of the adjacent $eating areas to maintain sightlines.
1025.11.3 Tread contrasting marking stripe. 4 contrasting marking stripe shall he provided on cach tread at the nosing or leading cdge such that the location of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in descent. Such stripe shall bc a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), and a maximum of 2 inches (5 1 mm), wide. Exception: The contrasting marking stripc is pe~mitted to bc omitted whcre tread surfaccs are such that the location of cach trcact is readily apparent when viewed in dcsccnt. 1025.12 Seat stability.In places of assembly, the seats shall be sccurcly fastcncd to the floor. Exceptions: 1. In places of assembly or portions thereof without ramped or tiered floors for seating and with 200 or fewer scats, the seats shall not be requircd to bc fastened to the floor.
2. In places of assembly or portions thereof with seating at tables and without rampcd or tiercd floors for seat-
ing, the scats shall not he rcquircd to be fastened to thc floor. 3. In places of assembly or portions thcreof without ramped or tiercd floors for seating and with grcatcr than 200 seats, the seats shall be fastencd together in groups of not less than three or the seats shall be securcly fastcned to the floor. 4. In places of assembly where flexibility of the scating arrangement is an integral part of the dcsign and function of the space and seating is on tiered levels, a maximum of 200 seats shall not be required to be fastcned to the floor. Plans showing seating. ticrs and aisles shall be submitted for approval. 5. Groups of seats within a place of assenlbly separated from other seating by railings, guards, partial he~ght walls or similar barriers with levcl floors and having no more than 14 seats per group shall not be reqliired to be fastened to the floor. 6. Seats intended for musicians or other performers and separated by railings, guards, partial height walls or similar barriers shall not be required to be fastened to the floor.
1025.13 Handrails. Ramped aisles having a slope exceeding one unit vert~calIn 15 un~tshorizontal (6.7-perccnt slopc) and aisle stairs shall be provided with handrails located cither at the side or within the aisle width. Exceptions: 1. Handrails are not rcquircd for rampcd aislcs having a gradicnt no greater than one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-percent slope) and seating on both sides. 2. Handrails arc not rcquircd if, at the sidc of the aislc, there is a guard that complies with the graspability requirements of handrails.
6025.13.1 Discontinuous handrails. Where there is seating on both sides of the aisle, the handrails shall bc discontinuous with gaps or breaks at intervals not exceeding five rows to facilitate access TO seating and to permit crossing from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of at lcast 22 inches (559 rnm) and not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally, and the handrail shall have roundcd ter~ninationsor bends. 1025.113.2 Intel-mediate handrails. Where handra~lsare provided in the middle of aisle stairs. thcre shall be an additional intcmicdiatc handrail located approxirnatcly 12 inchcs (305 mm) below the main handrail. 1025.114 Assembly guards. Assembly guards shall comply with Sections 1025.14.1 through 1025.14.3. 1025.14.1 Cross aisles. Cross aisles locatcd more than 30 inche5 (762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall havc guards in accordance ~ i t Section h 1013. Wherc an elevation change of 30 inches (762 111ni)or less occurs between a cross aisle and thc adjacent floor or grade
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'")
MEANS OF EGRESS
below, guards not lecs than 26 inches (660 nim) ahove the arsle floor shall be providcd.
Exception: Where the backs of scats on the front of the cross aislc project 24 Inches (6 10 mm) or inore above the adlacent floor of the aislc, agual d necd not bcpro~rided. 1025.14.2 Sightline-constrained guard hcights. Unless subject to the requirements of Scction 1025.14.3, a fascia 01railing system in accordance w it11 the guard requirements of Section 1013 and having a minimum height of 26 inches (660 min) shall be provided where the floor or footboard elevation is more than 30 inchcs (762 mm) above the floor or grade below and the fascia or railing would otherwise interfere with the sightlines of immediately adjaccnt seating. At bleachers, a guard must be provided where the floor or footboard elevation is more than 1 4 inches (610 mm) above the floor or grade below and the fascia or railing would otherwise interfere with the sightlines of the inimediatcly adjacent seating. 1025.14.3 Guards at the end of aisles. A fascia or railing system complying with the guard requirements of Section 1013 shall be provided for the full width of the aisle where the foot of the aisle is more than 30 inches (762 mill) abovc the floor ur gradc bcloxv. The fascia or raili~lgshall be a minimum of 36 inches (914 mmj high 2nd shall provide amininmnl 42 inches (1067 mm) measured diagonally between the top of the rail and the nosing of the nearest tread. 1025.15 Bench seating. Where hcnch seating is used, the n u n bcr of persons shall be based on one person for each 18 inches (457 mm) of length of the hcnch. [B] SECTION 1026 EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE 1026.1 General. In addition to the means of egress required by this chapter, provisions shall be made for emergency escapc and rescue in Group R and 1-1 occupancies. Basements and sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall have at least one exterior emergencyescape and rescue opening in accordance with this section. Where bascments contain one or Inore sleeping rooms, emergency egress and rescue openings shall be required in each slceping roorn, but shall not be recluircd in adjoining arcas of the basement. Such openings shall open directly into a public way or to a yard or court that opens to a public way.
Exceptions: 1. In othcr than Group R-3 occupancies, buildings ccluippcd throughuut with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
2. In other than G1.oup R-3 occupancies, sleeping rooms p~.ovidcdwith a door to a fire-resistance-rated corridor having access to two remote exits in opposite directions. 3. The cmergcncy escape and rescue opening is pcrmitted to opcn onto a balcony within an atrium i l l accordance wit11 the ~cquiremcntsof Section 404 of the bz~ertitrtiotznlB~~~ldilzg Cocle, provided the balcony 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
provides acce5a to an cxit and the dwclling unit or slceping unit has a means of cgress that 1s not opcn to the atrium. 4. Basements with a ceiling height of less than X O inches (2032 rnm) shall not be rcquircd to have clncrgency escape and rescue windows.
5. High-rise build~ngsin accordance with Scction 403 of the blrerrlafional R~tildjlzgC O L ~ P . 6 Emergency escapc and rcscuc openings arc not required from basements or sleep~ngrooms that havc an exit door or exit access door that opens directly into a public way or to a yard, court or evtcrior cxit balcony that opens to a public way.
7. Basements without habitable spaces and having no more than 200 square feet (18.6 m?) in floor arca shall not be required to havc emergency cscape windows.
1026.2 hliniinum size. Elnergcncy cscape and rcscuc openings shall have a minimum net clear opcning of 5.7 square fect (0.53 m2). Exception: The minimum net clear opcrling for cmergcncy escapc and rcscue grade-floor opcning shall bc 5 square fect (0.46 m2).
1026.2.1 Minimum dimensions. The minilnum net clear opening height dimension shall he 24 inches (610 nim). The minimu~nnet clear. opening width dirilonsion shall be 20 inches (508 niml. The net clear opening climei~siol~s shall be the result of normal operation of the opening. 1026.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and leacue openings shall have the bottom ot the cleal opcnlng not greater than 44 inches ( 1 1 18 mm) measulccl from the tloor. 1026.4 Operational rorrstraints. Emergency escapc and rescue openings shall be operational from the irlsidc of the room without the use of keys or tools. Bars, grilles. prates or sinlilar devices arc permitted to be placed over emergency escape and n clear opening size rescue openings providcd the m i n i ~ n u ~net complies with Section 1026.2 and sach dcvices shall be releasable or ~.e~i~ovablc from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rcscue opening. Where such bars, in existing build-grilles, grates or similar devices are i~~stallccl ings, smoke alarms shall be installed in accordancc with Scctions 907.2.10 regardless of the valuation of the alteration.
1026.5Window wells. An emergency escapc and rcscuc opcning with a fin~shedsill height below the adjacent ground level shall be providcci wlth a window wcll in accordance w ~ t hScctions 1076.5 1 and 1026.5.2. 1026.5.1 Minimum size. The m~nimumhorizontal arca of thc window well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m2),with a minimum dimension ot 36 inchcs (911 111111).Thc arca of the window wcll \hall allow the clnergcncy ewapc and rc\cuc opening to be fully opened. 1026.5.2 Ladders or steps. Window wells with a vcrtical depth of more than 44 inchcs (1 1 18 mmj shall bc cquipped with an approved permanently affixed ladder. or stcps. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches (305 mm). shall project at least 3 inchcs (76 m m )from the
MEANS OF EGRESS
wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center (ox.) vertically for the full height of the window well. The ladder or steps shall not encroach into the required diinensions of the window well by more than 6 inches (152 mm). The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the ernergcncy escape and rescue opening. Ladders or steps required by this scction are exempt from the stairway rcquircmcnts of Section 1009.
SECTION 1027 MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUlLDlNGS
1027.1 General. Means of cgress in existing buildings shall comply with Sections 1003 through 1026, except as a~uended in Section 1027. Exception: Mean of egress conforming to the requirements of the building code under which they were constructed shall be considered as complying mealis of cgress if, in the opinion of the fire code official, they do not constitute a distinct hazard to life. 1027.2 Elevators. escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a rccluircd means of egress. Exceptions: I. Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1007.4. 2. Previously approved escalators and moving walks in existing buildings.
1027.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated li-om an external source, shall have an intensity of not less than 5 foot-candles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall provide ccluivalcnt luminance and be listed for thc purpose. Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated lctlers shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot-lambcrts (0.2 1 cd/m2). 1027.4 Power source. Whcre emergency illumination is required in Section 1027.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions. Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources arc not required to be connected to ancmcrgcncy electrical system. 1027.5 Illumination emergency power. The power supply for means of egresr illu~ninationshall normally be provided by the premises' electrical supply. In the event of power supply failLire, illumination shall be auton~atically provided from an emergency system for the following occupancies where such occupa~lciesrequire two or more means of egress:
I
1. Group A having 50 or more occupants.
Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively as a place of worship and having an occupant load of less than 300. 2. Group B buildings three or morc stories in height, buildings with 100 or more occupants above or below the
level of exit discharge, or buildings with 1.000 or more total occupants. 3. Group E in interior stairs, corridors, windowless arcas with student occupancy, shops and laboratories. 4. Group F having more thail I00 occupants.
Exception: Buildings used only during daylight hours which are provided with windows for natural z~zl light in accordance with the J ~ z r ~ n r ( ~ t i o t Bllil~iii~g Code. 5. Group I. 6. Group M.
Exccption: Buildings lcss than 3,000 sc1uare feet (279 m2) in gross sales area on one story only. excluding n~ezzanines. 7. Group R-I.
Exception: Where cach sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the building at gradc. 8. Group R-2.
Exception: Where cach dwelling unit or slcepingunit has direct acccss to the outside of the builtling at grade. 9. Group R-4.
Exception: Where cach sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the building at ground level. The emergency power system shall provide power for not less than 60 minutes and consist of storage batteries. unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 604.
1027.6 Guards. Guards complying with this section shall be provided at the open sides of means of cgrcss that arc mole than 30 inches (762 lnm) above the floor or grade below. 1027.6.1 Height of guards. Guards shall fonn a protective barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 mrn) high. Exceptions: 1. Existing guards on the open side of stairs shall be not less than 30 inches (760 mm) high.
2. Existing guards within dwelling units shall be not lcss than 36 inchcs (910 mm) high.
3. Existing guards in assernbly seating areas 1027.6.2 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 6-inch dia~neter (152 nlm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 34 inches (864 mm). Exceptions: 1. At elevated walking surfaces for acccss to, and use of electrical, mechanical or plumb~ngsystems or equipment, guards shall have balusters or bc of solid materials such that a sphere with a diameter of 21 inches (533 mm) cannot pass through any opening. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
3. Each revolving door shall have a conforming sidc-hi~~ged swinging door in the samc wall as thc ~ e ~ o l v i ndoor g and within 10 fect (3048 inn^).
2. In occupancies in Group 1-3. F. I I o~ S, the clear distance betwccn intermediate rails measured at right angles to the rails shall not exceed 2.1 inchcs (533 mm).
Exceptions:
3. Approved existing open guards.
1027.7 Size of doors. The minimum width of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a clcar width of not less than 25 inches (7 1 1 n m ) . Wherc this scction requil-es a mininium clear width of 25 inches (7 1 1 mrn) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a ni~lllion,one leaf shall provide a clear opening width . maximum width of a swinging of 28 inches (7 11 m n ~ )The door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of cgrcss doors in an occupancy in Group 1-2 used for thc movement of beds shall provide a clear width not less than 41.5 inchcs (I 054 n i l ) . The height of doors shall not be less than 50 inches (2032 mm). Exceptions:
I . A revolving door is permitted to be used without an adjacent swinging door for street floor clevator lobbies provided a stairway, escalator or dool. from other parts of the building docs 11ot discharge through the lobby and the lobby does not have any occupancy 01. ust: other than as a means of travel between elevators and a street.
2. Existing rcvolving doors whcrc the number ot rcvolving doors docs not exceed the n t ~ n ~ bof c ~s. w i n g ~ ~ ~ g doors within 20 feet (6096 nun). TABLE 1027.9
i1
-REVOLVING DOOR SPEEDS ' 1 I - -- -
-
INSIDE DIAMETER
----
- - - - -
-
-
-
POWER-DRIVEN-TYPE MANUAL-TYPE I SPEED CONTROL (APM) /SPEED CONTROL (RPM) I
I . The minimurn and maximurn width shall riot apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in occupancies in Groups R-2 and R-3. 2. Door opcnings to storage closets less than I0 square fect (0.93 m 2 )illarea shall not bc limited by the miniIllurn ividth.
j-
I
S'O" -
--
-
I
7-
1
9 -
-
-
-
I
I
10
1
3. Width of door leafs in revolving doors that comply with Section 1008.1.3.1 shall not be limited. 4. Door openings within a dwelling unit shall not be less than 78 inchcs (198 I mm) in height.
5 . Exterior door openings 111 dwclli~~g units, other than thc rcquircd cxit door, shall not be less than 76 inches (1930 nun) in height. 6. Exit access doors serving a room not largcr than 70 square fect (6.5 m') shall bc not I ~ S S than 24 inches (6 1 0 mni) ill door width.
1027.8 Opening force for doors. The opening force for interior side-swinging doors without closers shall not exceed a 5-pound (22 N) force. For other side-swinging. sliding and folding doors, thc door latch shall rclease when subjected to a force of not more than 15 pounds (66 N). The door shal I be set in motion when subjected to a force not exceeding a 30-pound ( 1 33 N ) force. The door shall swing to a fi~ll-openposition when s~bjcctcdto a force of not more than 50 pounds (222 N). Forces shall be applied to the latch side. 1027.9 Revolvillg doors. Revolving doors shall coalply with thc following: 1. A rzvol\ring door shall not be located within I0 Fcet (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairs or escalators. A dispersal are:\ shall b e provided betwccn the stail-s01-cscalators and the revolving doors.
2. Tllc revolutions per minute for a ~.cvolvingdoor shall not cxcecd those shown in Table 1027.9.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
For SI:
1 inch = 25.4 mm. 1 fool = 304.8 nim
1027.9.1 Egress component. A revolving door ~ n c das a compoi~crltof a mcans of egre5s shall comply w ~ t hSection 1027.9 and all of the following conditro~i\. 1 . Re\olving doors slrall not bc given credrt for more than 50 percent of thc rcquired cgrcss capacity. 2. Each rcvolving door shall be crcditcd with not morc than a 50-person capacity.
3. Revolving doors shall bc capublc of being collapsed when a force of not rnorc than 130 pouuds (578 N) is applied within 3 inchcs (76 mni) of'thc outcr cclge of a wing.
1027.10 Stair dimensiol~sfor existing stairs. Existing stairs in buildings shall be permitted to remain if thc rrse does not cxcecd 8.25 inches (210 mm) and the run is not less than 9 inches (229 mm). Existing stairs can be rebuilt. Exception: Other stairs approved by the firc code official. 1027.10.1 Stair dimensions for replacelllent stairs. The replacement of an existing stairway in a stmcturc shall not be required to comply with the new stairway require~nei~ts of Section 1009 where the existing spacc anti construction will not allow a reduction in pitch or slope.
MEANS OF EGRESS
1027.11 Winders. Existing winders shall be allowed to remain tread depth of 6 inches (1 52 mm) in usc if they havc a niini~nu~ii and a ~iiininiuintread depth of 9 incl-~es (229 nim) al a point 12 ) the narrowest cdge. inchcs (305 ~ n m fro111
Fire escape stairs and balconics sl~allsupport the dead load plus a live load of not less than 100 pounds pcr syuarc foot (4.78 kiV/m2).Fire escape stairs and balconies shall he provided with a top and intermediate handrail on cach sidc.
1027.12 Circular stairways. Existing circular stairs shall bc allowed to continue in use provided thc minimum depth of tread is 10 inchcs (254 mm) and the srnallest radius shall not be less than twice the width of the stairway.
The fire code official is authorized to rcquirc testing or othcr satisfactory ev~dencethat an existing firc escapc stair meets the requiren~entsof this section.
1027.13 Stairway handrails. Stairways shall havc handrails on at least one sidc. Handrails shall be located so that all portions of the stairway width rcquired for egress capacity are within 44 inches (1 118 mm) of a handrail. Exception: Aislc stairs provided with a center handrail are not required to have additional handrails.
Exception: For fire escape stairs scrving 10 or fcwcr occupants. an approved fire cscape laddcr 1s allowed to serve as thc tcrmitiation for a fire escape stairs.
1027.13.1 Height. Handrail height, measured above stair tread nosings, shall beuniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more lhan 42 inchcs (1067 lnm).
1827.16.7 Maintenance. Fire escapes shall bc kept clear and unobstructed at all times and shall be ~naintainedin good working order.
1027.14 Slope of ramps. Ramp runs utilized as part of amcans of egress shall have a running slope not stceper than one unit vertical in ten units horizontal (10-percent slope). The slope of other ramps shall not be steeper than one unit vertical in eight units horizontal (12.5-pcrcetit slope).
1027.17 Corridors. Corridors serving an occupant load greater than 30 and thc openings therein shall provide run effcctive barrier to resist the movement of smoke. Transoms, leuvers, doors and other openings shall be closed or be sclf-closing.
1027.15 Width of ramps. Existing ramps are permitted to have a minimum width of 30 inchcs (762 mm) but not less than the width required for the number of occupants served as determined by Section 1005.1. 1027.16 Fire escape stairs. Fire escape stairs shall comply with Sections 1027.16.1 through 1027.16.7. 1027.16.1 Existing means of egress. Fire escape stairs shall be pcrrnitted in cxisting buildings but shall not constitute more lhan 50 percent of thc required exit capacity.
)
1027.16.6 Termination. The lowest balcony shall not be more than 18 Fcet (5486 mm) from the ground. Fire escape stairs shall cxtend to the ground or bc providcd with counterbalanced stairs reaching the ground.
1027.16.2 Protection of openings. Opcnings within 10 feet (304.8 min) of fire cscape stairs shall be protected by firc door assemblies having a minimum "/,-hour fire-resistance rating. Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an approvetl automatic sprinkler systern. opening protectlon is not rcquired. 1027.16.3 Dimensions. Fire escapc stairs shall mect the minimum width, capacity, riser height and tread depth as spccitjcd in Section 1027.10.
Exceptions: I. Corridors in occupancies other than in Group H. which are equipped throughout with an approved automatic snrinlder svstem. 2. Patient room doors in corridors in occupancies in Group I-? where smoke barriers arc provided in Code. accordance with the Itzto71atiorzrrlR~tildii~g
3. Corridors in occupancies in Group E where cach rooin utilized for instruction or assembly has at least one-half of thc rccluired means of cgrcss doors opcning directly to the exterior of the building at ground level. 4. Corridors that are in accordancc with the IIIICI.IINtioizal Rl~ildiizgCode.
1027.17.1 Corridor openings*Opcnings in corridor walls shall comply with the reyuirerncnts of the It~tcrirariotral Bl~ildingCode. Exceptions: 1. Wherc 20-minute fire door assemblies are required, solid wood doors at least 1.75 inches (34 inm) thick or insulated steel doors are allowed.
1027.16.4 Access. Access to a firc escape froin a corriclor shall not be through an intervening room. Access to a fire cscape stair shall be from a door or window meeting the criteria of Table 1005.1. Access to a fire escape stair shall bc directly to a balcony, landing or platform. These shall be no higher than thc floor or window sill level and no lowcr than 8 inches (203 mm) below thc floor level or 18 inches (457 mm) below the window sill.
2. Openings protected with fixed wire glass sct in steel frames.
1027.16.5 Materials and strength. Components of fire cscape stairs shall bc constructed of noncombustible matcrials.
4. Opcning protection is not rcquired when the huilding is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
3. Ol~cningscovered with 0.5-inch (1 2.7 inm) gypsum wallboai-d or 0.75-inch (19.1 mm) plyurood on the room side.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MEANS OF EGRESS
1027.17.2 Dcad ends. Wt~cremore than one exit or exit access doorway is recluired, the exit access shall be arrauged such that dead ends do not exceed the limits specified in 'Table 1027.17.2. I3xception: A dead-end passageway or corr~dorshall not be limited in lcngth where the length of the dead-end passageway or corridor is less than 2.5 time., the least width of the dead-end passageway or corridor. 1027.17.3 Exit access travel distal~ce. Exits shall be located so that the maximurn length of exit access travel, measured from the most remote point to an approved exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel. tlucs not exceed thc distances given in Table 1027.17.2.
/
.-
-
- -
~
.-.-
_
1037.18 Stairway discharge identification. A stairway in an exit ericlosure which continues below the levcl of exit discharge shall be arranged and marked to make the direction of cgrcss to a public way rcadily identifiable. Exception: Stairs that continue one-half story beyond the level of exit discharge neeci not be provided with hnrricrs where the exlt discharge is obvious. 1027.19 Exterior stairway protection. Exterivr cxit stairs shall be separated from the interior of the building as rcquired
TABLE 1027.17.2 TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMITS (by -occupancy)
COMMON PATH, DEAD-END AND -~ .. -
i
1027.17.4 Common path of cgress travel. The common path of egress travel shall not exceed the distance\ given 'Ikble 1027.17.2.
COMMON PATH LIMIT
- _j
--
~
~~~~
TRAVEL DISTANCE LIMIT -~ , -.
DEAD-END LIMIT
~
~~
~
Unsprinklered ! (feet) ---.-I
Sprinklered
~
200
~~
~~
I - -
2.50
- ~I ! ~
~
-
Sprinklered (feet)~. . --
-!
I
1
,
50
jI Groups F-2, S-Zd - .~~~ ~ .~. ..~... ~
~
~
... .
LOO
-
75 0
1 Group H-5 . . . -
-
-~
100
(
~-
I
NR
20
20
75
200
I For Sl: 1 l ~ o =t 304.8 Inm. a. 20 I'cel for commun pulh sel-vinp 50 ~wrnurepersons; 75 fcct foi. ct~lnrnonpath servlng less than 50 persons. h. Sce Scction 102.5.9.5I'or dead-cnd aisles ir, Group A occupancies. c. This dirnension is for the total travel distance, assuming incrcmental portions have Iully utilized their allowable maximums. For travel distance wilhin lhe room. and from the I-oomexil acccss d o o ~ to the cxit, see the apprugr-ii~teoccupanq chapter. d. See thc /1rrer1:oiicr1~7! R~rihli~zi: (..ode [[or special reqoi~vtncntson spacing of doors i n aircraft hanprs. NR = No I-cqoirements.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
a
MEANS OF EGRESS
in Section 1023.6. Openings shall be limited to Ihosc necessary for cgrcss from normally occupied spaces.
) level or ramped aisles 4. Forty-two inches (1067 m ~ n for having seating on both sidcs.
Exceptions: 1. Separation from the interior of the building is not requircd for buildings that are two stories or less abovc gradc where the level of exit discharge is the first story above gradc. 2. Scparation from the interior of the building is not required where the exterior stairway is served by an cxtcrior balcony that connects two remote exterior stairways or other approved exits, with a perimeter that is not less than 50 percent open. To be considered open. the opcning shall be a minilnum of 5 0 percent of the height of the enclosing wall, with the top of the opcning not less than 7 fcct (2134 mm) above the top of thc balcony. 3. Separation from the interior of the building is not required for an exterior stairway located in a building or structure that is permitted to havc unenclosed interior stairways in accordance with Section 1020.1. 4. Scparation from the intcrior of the building is not required for exterior stairways connected to opcn-endcd corridors, provided that: 4.1. The building. including corridors and stairs. is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Seclion 903.3.1.1 or903.3.1.2. 4.2. The open-ended corridors comply with Section 1017. 4.3. Thc open-ended corridors arc conncctcd on each end to an exterior exit stairway complying with Section 1023.1. 4.4. At any location in an open-ended corridor where a change of direction exceeding 45 degrces occurs, a clear opening of not less than 35 square feet (3 m') or an exterior stairway shall be provided. Where clear openings are provided, they shall bc located so as to minimize the accumulation of smolte or toxic gases.
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) whcrc the aislc scrves less than 50 seats.
1027.20 Miilimuni aisles width. The minimum clear width of aisles shall be: 1. Forty-two inches (1067 mnl) for aisle stairs having seating on cach sidc.
Exception: Thirty-six inches (914 mm) where the aisle serves less than 50 seats. 2. Thii-ty-six inches (914 mm) for stepped aisles having seating on only one side. Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment areas serving not Inore than 60 seats. 3. Twenty inches (508 mm) bctwcen a stepped aisle handrail or guard and seating when thc aisle is subdivided by thc handrail.
5. Thirty-six inches (9 14 mm) for level or rampcd aisles having seating on only one side.
Exception: Thirty inches (760 mm) for catchment areas serving not more than 60 scats. 6. Twcnty-three inches (584 mm) between a stcpped stair handrail and seating where an aisle does not scrvc rnorc than fi\~erows on one side.
1027.21 Slairway floor number signs. Existing stairs shall be markcd in accordance with Section 1020.1.6.
SECTION 1028 MAINTENANCE OF THE MEANS OF EGRESS
1028.1 General. The rncans of egress for buildings or portions thereof shall be maintained in accordance with this section. 1028.2 Reliability. Required exit accesses, exits or exit discharges shall be continuously maintained frce from obstructions or impediments to fill1 instant use in the casc of fire or other emergency when the areas served by such exits are occupied. Security devices affecting means of cgress shall be subject to approval of the fire code official. 2028.3 Obstructions. A means of egress shall be frcc from obstructions that would prevent its w e , including the accumulation of snow and ice. 2028.4 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Section I01 1. Decorations. firrnishings, equipment or adjacent signagc that i~npairsthc visibility of exit signs. creates confusion or prevcilts identification of the exit shall not be allowed. 1028.5 Furnishings and decorations. Furnishings, decorations or other objects shall not bc placed so as to obstruct exits, access thereto. egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. Hangings and draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or otherwise be located to conceal or obstruct an cxit. Mirrors shall no( bc placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placcd in or adjacent to any exit in such a inallncr as to coilfuse the direction of exit. 1028.6 Eniergency escape openings. Required cmcrgcncy cscape openings shall be maintained in accordai~ccwith thc code in effect at the time of construction, and thc following: Required emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational from the inside of the rooin without the usc of kcys or tools. Bars, grilles. grates or similar devices are allowed to be placed over emcrgcncy escapc anti rescuc openings provided the minimum net clear opening sizc complies with the codc that was in effect at the time of construction and such dcviccs shall be relcasablc or rcmovablc from the inside without the usc of a key, tool or force greater than that which is rcquircd for normal operation of the cscape and rcscuc opening.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
MEANS OF EGRESS
1028.7 Testing and n~aintenance.All two-way communication systcins for areas of rcfuge shall be inspected and testcd on ; I yearly basis to verify that all components are operational. When I-cquired,the tests shall be conducted in the presence of the fire code official.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 11
AV1NION GACILIITIES SECTlON 1101 GENERAL 1101.1 Scope. Airports, heliports, helistops and aircraft hangars shall be in accordance with this chaptcr. 1101.2 Regi~lationsnot covered. Regulations not hpecifically contained herein pertaining to airports, aircraft maintenance. aircraft hangars and appurtenant operations shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards.
1103.3 Housekeeping. Thc aircraft operation area (AOA) ,lnd related areas shall be kept free from combustiblc debris at all times. 1103.4 Fire departl~~ent access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Chapter 5. Fire apparatus access roads and aircraft parking positions shall be designed in a manner so as to prccludc thc possibility of fire vehicles traveling under any portion ofaparkcd aircraft.
1101.3 Permits. For permits to operate aircraft-refucling vchiclcs, application of flammablc or co~llbustiblcfinishes. and hot work. see Scction 105.6.
1103.5 Dispensing of flalnmable and co~nbustibleliquids. The dispensin_g, transfcrring and storage of flammable and colnhustible liquids shall bc in accordance with Illis chaptcr and Chapter 34. Aircraft motor vehiclc fi~cl-dispensingstations shall be in accordance with Chapter 22.
SECTION 1102 DEFlNlTlONS
1103.6 Conibustiblestorage. Conxbustible inaterials sturcd in aircraft hangars shall be stored in approved locations and containers.
11.02.1 Definitions. The following words and terrns shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as usedelsewhere in this code, have thc meanings shown herein. AIRCRAFT OPEK.TI(I)N AREA (AOA).Any area used or intended for usc for thc parking, taxiing, takeoff, landing or other ground-based alrcraft activity.
AIRPOKT. An arcaof landor structural surface that is uscd, or intended for usc, for the landing and taking off of aircraft with an overall length grcatcr than 39 feet (I 1 887 mm) and an overall exterior fusclagc width greater than 6.6 feet (2012 111m). and any appurtcnant areas that are used or intended for nsc for airport buildings and other airport fac~litics.
I-IEI,IIDOIt'I'. An arca of land or water or a structural surface that is used. or intcndeci for usc, for the landing and taking off of hclicoptcrs, and any appurtenant areas which arc used, or iiltcndcd for use, for heliport buildings and othcr helipon facilitics.
IIE1,ISTOP. The samc a\ "Heliport," cxccpt that no fucling, defucling, maintenance. repairs or storage of helicopters i\ permi ttcd. SECTION 1103 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 1103.1 Sources of ignition. Opcn flames, flame-prodt~cing dcvices and other sources of ignition shall not be pcrmittcd in a hangar, except in approvcd locations or in any location within 50 fcct (15 240 rnm) of an aircraft-fueling operation. 1103.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in aircraft-refucling vehicles, aircraft hangars and aircraft operation areas used for cleaning, paint removal, panting operations or fuclins. "No Smoking" signs shall be providcd in accordance with Scction 3 10. Exception: Designated a ~ l dapprovcd smoking areas 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1103.7 Hazardous Itlaterial storage. Hazardous materials shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 27.
SECTlON 1104 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE 1104.1 Transferring flammable and combustible liquids. Flammable and combustiblc liquids shall not bc dispcnsed into or removcd from a container, tank, vehicle or aircraft cxccpt in approvcd locations. 1104.2 Application of flamlnable and cort~bustihlcliquid finishes. The application of fla~ninableor Class 11 combustiblc liquid finishes is prohibited unless both of the fcdlowing contlitions are met: 1 . The application of thc liquid finish is acco~~~plishcd in all approved location. 2. Thc application methods and procedures are in accordance with Chapter 15.
1104.3 Cleaning parts. Class 1A tle~nmablcliquids shall not be used to clean aircraft, aircraft parts or aircraft cngincs. Cleaning with other flammablc and combustiblc liquids shall bc in accordance with Section 3405.3.4. 1104.4 Spills. This section shall apply to spills of' flamnlable and combustible liquids and other ha7ardous materials. Fuel spill cuntrol shall also comply w ~ t hScction 1 106.1 1. 1104.4.1 Cessation of work. Activitic~in thc affected area not related to the mitigation of the spill shall ccase u n t ~thc l spilled material has bcen removed or the ha7ard has bcen mitigated. 1104.4.2 Vehicle niuvement. Aircraft or othcr vehiclcs shall not be moved through the spill arca until thc spillcd material has been removcd or the hazard has bcen mitigated. 143
AVIATION FACILITIES
1104.4.3 Mitigation. Spills shall be reported, documented and ln~tigatedin accordancc with the provisions of this chapter and Section 27032. 1104.5 Running engines. Aircraft engines shall not be run ill aircraft hangars except in approved engine test areas. 1104.6 Open flame. Repairing of aircraft requiring the usc of open flames, spark-producing devices or the heating of parts above 500°F (260°C) shall only be done outdoors or in an area complying with the provisions of thc I~lterrzutioi~~~l Building Co& for a Group F- 1 occupancy. SECTION 1105 PORTABLE FlRE EXTINGUISHERS 1105.1 General. Portable fire cxtinguishers suitable for flammable or comhustiblc liquid and clcctrical-type fires shall be provided as spccificd in Sections 1105.2 through 1105.6 and Section 906. Extinguishers required by this section shall be inspected and niaii1tained in accordance with Scction 906. 1105.2 On towing vehicles. Vehicles used for towing aircraft shall be equipped with a m i n i ~ n u ~ofu one listed portable fire cxtinguisher con~plyingwith Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. 11 05.3 On welding apparatus. Welding apparatus shall be equipped with a ~ninimumof one listed portable fire extinguisher complying with Scction 906 and having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-R:C. 1105.4 On aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles. Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles shall bc equipped with a inir~imum of two listed portablc fire extinguishcrs complying with Section 906. each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C. A portable fire extinguisher shall be readily acccssible from either sidc of thc vehicle. 1105.5 On hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles. Hydrant fuel-servicing vchicles shall bc equipped with a minimum of one listcd portablc firc extinguisher complying with Section 906, and having a minimurn rating of 20-B:C. 1105.6 At fuel-dispensing stations. P o r t a b l e f i r e cxtinguishers at fucl-dispensing stations shall be located such that pumps or dispensers arc not morc than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from one such cxtinguisher. Fire extinguishers shall be providcd as follows: I. Whcrc the open-hose discharge capacity of thc fueling system is not more than 200 gallons per ~ninute( I 3 Lls). a minimum of two listed portable fire extinguishers complying with Scction 906 and having a minimum rating of 20-B:C shall be provided. 2. Where the open-hose discharge capacity of the fueling system is morc than 200 gallons per minute (13 Lls) but not more than 350 gallons per minute (22 Lls), a nriniIIIUIII of one listed wheeled extinpisher complying with Scction 906 and having a minilnun1 extinguishing rating of 80-B:C, and a minimum agent capacity of 125 pounds (57 kg), shall bc provided. 3. Where thc open-hose discharge capacity of the fucling system is more than 350 gallons per minute (22 I,/s), a
n~ini~lluin of two listcd wheeled extinguishcrs complying with Section 906 and having a minirnum rating of 80-B:C cach, and a m ~ n i m u ~capacity n agent of 125 pounds (57 kg) of cach. shall he provided.
1105.7 Fire extinguisher access. Portable firc cxtinguishers required by this chapter shall bc acccssible at all timcs. Whcrc necessary, provisions shall be niadc to clear accumulations of snow, ice and other fonns of weather-induced obstructions. 1105.7.1 Cabinets. Cabinets anti cncloscd compartments used to housc portable fire extinguishers shall be clearly marked with the words FIRE EXTINGUISHER in letters at lcast 2 inches (51 m m ) high. Cabinets and compartments shall be readily acccssible at all times. 1105.8 Reporting use. Clsc of afire extinguisher under any circumstances shall be reported to the manager of the airport and the fire code official immediately aftcr usc. SECTION 1106 AIRCRAFT FUELING 1106.1 Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations. Aircraft motor vehicle fuel-dispensing stations shall bc in accordance with Chapter 22. 1106.2 Airport fuel systems. Airport fucl systcms shall be designed and constructed in accordancc with NFPA 407. 1106.3 Construction of aircraft-fueling vehicles and accessories. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall comply with this scction and shall be designed and constructed in accordance with NFPA 407. 1106.3.1 Transfer apparatus. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall bc equipped and maintained with an approved transfer apparatus. 1106.3.1.1 Internal combustion type. Mrherc such transfer apparatus is operated by an individual unit of the internal-combustion-motor typei such power unit shall be located as remotely as practicable from pumps, piping, meters, air eliminators, water separators, hose reels, and similar equipment, and shall be housed in a separate compartment from any of the aforementioned items. The fuel tank in connection therewith shall bc suitably designed and installed, and the maximum fuel capacity shall not cxceed 5 gallons ( I 9 L) whcrc thc tank is installedon the engine. The cxhaust pipe, muffler and tail pipc shall be shielded. 1106.3.1.2 Gear operated. Whcre operated by gears or chains, the gears. chains, shafts, bearings, housing and all parts thereof shall be of an approvcd design and shall be installed and maintained in an approved manner. 1106.3.1.3 Vibration isolation. Flexible connections for the purposc of elim~natingvibrat~or~ arc allowed if the mntcrial used therein is designed, installed and maintained in an apl~rovedmanncr, provided such conncctions do not cxceed 24 inches (610 mm) in length. 1106.3.2 Pumps. Pumps of a positive-displaccmc~~t type shall be providcd with a bypass relief valve set at a prcssure of not more than 35 percent in excess of the normal working 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
AVIATION FACILITIES
pressure of such unit. Such units shall be equipped and maintained with a prcssurc gauge on the discharge side of tlic pump.
1106.3.8 Smoking. Smoking in aircraft-fueling vchiclcs is prohibited. Signs to this cffect shall be conspicuously posted ill the driver's compartment of all fueling vchiclcs.
1106.3.3 Dispensing hoses and nozzles. Hoses shall be designed for the transferring of hydrocarbon liquids and shall not bc any longer than necessary to provide efficient fuel transfer operations. Hoses shall be equipped with an approvcd shutoff nuzzle. Fuel-transfer nozzles shall be self-closing and designed to be actuated by hand pressurc only. Notches and other devices shall not be used for holding a nozzle valve handle in the open position. Nozzles shall be equipped with a bonding cable complete with proper attachment for aircraft to be serviced.
1106.3.9 Smoking equipment. Smolting equipment such as cigarette lighters and ash trays shall not be providcd in aircraft-fueling vchicles.
1106.3.4 Protection of electrical equipment. Elcctric wiring, switches, lights and other sources of ignition, when located in a compartment housing piping, pumps; air elin~inators,water separators, hose recls or similar equipment, shall be enclosed in a vapor-tight housing. Electrical 111ot01.slocatcd in such a compartment shall be of a type approved for usc as specified in ICC Electrical Cocle. 1106.3.5 Venting of equipment compartments. Compartments hous~ngpiping: pumps, air elimrnators, water separators, hose rccls and s~mllarequipment shall bc adequately ventilated at tloor level or within the floor itself. 1106.3.6 lZccessory equipmenl. Ladders, hose reels and similar accessory cquipment shall be of an approved type and constnlcted substantially as follows: 1 . Laddcrs constnictcd of noncombustible material are allowcd to be used with or attached to aircraft-fueling vehiclcs, provided thc manner of attachment or use of such ladders is approved and does not constitute an additional fire or accident hazard in the operation of such fucling vch~cles. 2. Hose recls used in connection with filcling vel~iclcs shall bc constructed of r~oncornbustiblematerials and shall be provided with a packing gland or other dcvice which will preclude fuel leakage between reels and fucl manifolds.
1106.3.7 Electrical bonding provisions. Transfer apparatus shall be metallically interconnected with tanks. chassis? axles and springs of aircraft-fueling vehicles. 1106.3.7.1 Bonding cablcs. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be provided and maintained with a substantial heavy-duty electrical cable of sufficicnt length to be bonded to thc aircraft to be serviced. Such cable sliall be metallically connected to the transfer apparatus or chassis of the aircraft-fueling vehicle on one end and shall bc providcd with a suitable ~netalclamp on the other cnd, to be fixed Lv the aircraft. 1106.3.7.2 Bonding cable protection. The bonding cable shall hc barc or have a transparent protective slccvc and be storctl on a reel or in a compartment providcd for no othcr pu~posc.It shall he carried in such a manner that it will not be sul3ected to s11a1-pkinks or accidental breakage under contlitions of general use. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1106.4 Operation, maintenance and use of aircraft-fueling vehicles. The operation, maintenance and ust: of a~rcraft-fueling vehiclcs shall be in accordance with Sections 1 1 06.4.1 through I 106.4.3 and other applicable provis~onsof this chapter. 11 06.4.1 Proper maintenance. Aircraft-fueling vehicles sl~allbe properly maintained and and all rclatcd equipme~~t kept in good repair. Accumulations of oil, grease, fucl and other flammable or combustible materials is prohibited. Maintenance and servicing of such equipment shall be accomplished in approvcd areas.
1106.4.2 Vel~icleintegrity. Tanks, pipcs, hoses, valves and othcr fuel delivery equipn~entshall be maintained lcak Gcc at all times. 1106.4.3 Removal from service. Aircraft-fueling vehicles and related eclurp~rientwhich arc in violation of Section d 1106.4.1 or 110b.4.2 shall be imnlcdiately d e f ~ ~ c l eand removed from service and shall not be ~cturncdto service until proper repairs havc been made. 1106.4.4 Bperatnrs. Aircraft-fueling vehicles that arc operated by a person, firm or corporation other than the permittee or the pemiittec's authorized employee shall be provided with a legible sign visible horn outside the vehicle showing the narnc of the person, firm or corporation operating such unit. 1106.5 Fueling and defueling. Aircraft-fueling and tlerueling operations shall be in accordance with Scctions 1106.5.1 through 1 106.5.5. 1106.5.1 Positioning of aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall not bc lucatcd. parked or permitted to stand in a position wlicre such unit would obstr-uct egress from an aircraft should a fire occur during f~~el-transfer operations. Tank vchiclcs sllall not be locatcci, parked or permitted to stand under any portion of an aircl-ah. 1106.5.1.1 I'ueling vehicle egress. A clcar path shall bc maintained for aircraft-fueling vchicles to providc for prompt and timely egress from the fueling area. 1106.5.1.2 Aircraft vent openings. A clcav spacc of at Icast I0 feet (3048 rnm) shall bc rnaintaincd between aircraft fuel-system vent openlngf and any part or portion of an aircraft-f~~cling vehicle. 1106.5.1.3 Parking. Prior to leaving the cab, the aircraft-fueling vehicle operator shall cnsurc that the parking brake has been set. At least two chock blocks not lcss than 5 inches by 5 inchcs by 12 inches ( 127 nlm by 127 mm by 305 nlm) in size and dishcd lo fit the contour of the tircs shall be ~rtilizcdand positioned in such a manner as to preclude niovemcnt of the vehicle in any direction.
AVIATION FACILITIES
1106.5.2 Electrical bonding. Aircraft-fucling vchiclcs shall be clcclrically bonded to the aircraft being fucled or dcfuclcd. Bonding conncctions shall bc madc prior to making fueling connections and shall not be disconnectcd until thc fucl-transfcr opcrations arc complctcd and thc fucling conncctions havc been removed. Whcrc a hydrant scrvicc vehicle or cart is used for fueling, the hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant systcm prior to bonding thc fueling equipment to the aircraft. 1106.5.2.1 Conductive hose. In addition to the bonding cablc required by Scction 1 106.5.2. conductive hose shall be uscd for all fueling operations. 1106.5.2.2 Bonding conductors on transfer nozzles. Transfer nozzles shall bc cquipped with approved bonding conductors which shall be clipped or otherwise posit~velyengaged with thc bonding attachment provided on the aircraft acijaccnt to thc fuel tank cap prior to removal of thc cap. Exception: In the case of overwing fueling where no appropriatc bonding attachment adjacent to the fuel fill port has bccn provided on thc aircraft, the fileling opcrator shall touch the fucl tank cap with thc nozzlc s p o ~prior ~ t to removal of the cap. The nozzle shall be kept in contact with the fill port until fueling is cornplcted. 1106.5.2.3 Funnels. Where required, metal filnnels arc allowed to bc used during fueling opcrations. Direct contact bctween the fueliug receptacle. the funnel and the fueling nozzle shall bc maintained during the fueling operation.
control of the fuel-pumping equipment to shut off or otherwise control the tlow of fuel from thc tirnc li~cling opcrations are begun until they are con~plctcd.
Exceptions: I . For underwing refueling, the pcrson stationed at the point of fuel intake is not rcquircd. 2. For overwing rcfueling, the person stationed at thc fuel pumping equipment shall not be required whcre the person at thc fucl dispensing dcvicc is within 75 feet (22 800 mm) of the cmcrgcncy shutoff device, is not on the wing of thc aircraft and has a clear and unencumbered path to thc fuel p u ~ n p i ~ i g equipment: and, the fuel dispensing linc docs not exceed 50 feet (15 240 nlm) in lcngth. The fueling operator shall monitor the pancl of the fueling equipment and the aircraft control pancl during prcssurc fueling or shall monitor the fill port during overwing fueling. 1106.5.5 Fuel flow control. Fuel flow-control valves shall bc operable only by the direct hand pressurc of the opcrator. Removal of the operator's hand pressure shall cause an immediate ccssation of the flow of fuel. 1106.6 Emergency fuel shutoff. Emergency fucl shutoff controls and procedures shall comply with Scctions 1106.6.1 through 1106.6.4. 1106.6.1 Accessibility. Emergency fucl shutoff controls shall bc readily accessible at all times whcn thc fucling system is being operated. 1106.6.2 Notification of the fire department. The fueling-system operator shall cstablisti a procedure by which the fire department will be notified in the evcnt of an activation of an emergcncy fucl shutoff control.
1106.5.3 Training. Aircraft-fueling vchicles shall bc attcndcd and operated or~lyby pcrsons instructed in methods of proper usc and operation and who arc qualified to use such fucling vchicles in accordance with minimum safety requirements.
1106.6.3 Determining cause. Prior to rcestablishmcnt of normal fucl flow, the cause of fucl shutoff conditions shall bc determined and corrected.
1106.5.3.1 Fueling hazards. Fuel-servicing personnel shall know and understand the hazards associated with cach typc of fuel dispensed by the airport fueling-system operator.
1106.6.4 Testing. Emergency fuel shutoff deviccs shall bc operationally tested at intervals not cxceeding thrce months. Thc fueling-systcm operator shall maintain suitable records of these tcsts.
1106.5.3.2 Fire safety training. Employees of fuel agents who fuel aircraft, acccpt fuel shipments or othcrwise handle fuel shall receive approved firc safety training.
1106.7 Protection of hoses. Bcforc an aircraft-fueling vehicle is moved, fuel transfer hoses shall be propcrly placcd on the approvcd recl or in the compartment provided. or stored on the top decking of the fueling vehicle if proper hcight rail is providcd for security and protcction of such equipmcnt. Fuel-transfer hose shall not be loopcd or draped over any part of the fueling vehicle, exccpt as herein provided. Fucl-transfcr hose shall not be dragged when such fueling vehicle is moved from one fueling position to another.
1106.5.3.2.1 Fire extinguisher training. Fuel-servicing personnel shall reccive approved training in the operation of fire-extinguishing equipincnt. 1106.5.3.2.2 Documentation. The airport fueling-system opcrator shall maintain records of all trxining administered to its employees. Thesc rccords shall bc madc available to the firc code official on request. 1106.5.4 Transfer personnel. During fuel-transfer operations, a qualified person shall be in control of each transfer nozzlc and another qualified person sliall be in immediate
1106.8 Loading and unloading. Aircraft-fueling vehicles shall be loaded only at an approvcd loading rack. Such loading racks shall be in accordance with Section 3406.5.1.12. Exceptions: 1. Aircraft-refueling units may bc loadcd fro111thc fuel tanks of all aircraft during dcf~~cling operations.
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AVIATION FACILITIES
2. Fuel transfer bctwecn tank vchiclcs is allowed to be performcti in accordance with Section 3406.6 when thc operation i.: at lcast 200 feet (60 960 mm) from an aircraft.
The fucl cargo of such u n ~ t sshall be unloaded only by approved triuisfcr apparatus into [he fucl tanks of a~rcrait, underground storage tanks or approved grav~tystorage tanks.
1106.9 Passengers. Passcnger traffic is allowed during the time fucl transfcr operations are in progress, provided the following provisions are strictly enforcccl by the owncr of the aircraft or the owner's autl~orizcdemployee: 1. Smoking and producing an open flame in the cabin of the aircraft or the outsidc tl~ereofwithin 50 fcet (1 5 240 mm) of such aircraft shall be prolribitcd. A qualified employee of the aircraft owner shall be rcsponsible for sccing that the passengers are not allowed to smokc when remaining aboard the aircraft 01. whilc going across the ramp from the gate to such aircraft, or vice versa. 2. Passengers shall not bc permitted to linger about thc
plane, but shall proceed directly between the loading gatc and the aircraft.
3. Passenger lodding stands or walkways shall be left in loading position until all fiicl transfer operations are con~pleted. 4. F~leltransfer operations shall not be perfomled on the
main exit side of any aircraft containing passengers except when the owncr of such aircraft or a capable and qualified cl~~ployec of such owner remains inside the aircraft to direct and assist the escape of such passengers through regular and emergency exits in the event fire should occur d u r i n ~fuel transfer operations.
1106.10 Sources of ignition. Smoking and producing open flames within 50 fect (15 210 nun) of a point where fuel is being transferred shall be prohibited. Electrical and motor-drivcn devices shall not be conncctcd to or disconnected from an aircraft at any time fueling operations are in progress on such aircraft.
spill l'hesc procedures 411a11 bc co~nprehc~is~ve ancl shall provide for at least a11 of the following:
I . Upon observation of a fuel spill, thc aircraft-fueling operator shall immediately stop the delivcry of fuel by releasing hand pressure from the fucl flow-control valve. 2. Failure of the fuel control valve to stop thc continued spillage of fuel shall bc cause for the activation o t thc appropr~ateemergency fucl shutoff device. 3. A supervisor for the fueling-systcm operator shall respond to the fuel spill area inimed~atcly. 1106.11.5 Notification of the fire department. The fire department shall be not~fiedof any firel spill which i \ considered a hazard to people or property or which rnccts one or more of thc following ciitcria: I. Any dimension of the spill is greater than 1 0 fect (304%mm).
2. The spill arca is greater than 50 square fcet (4.65 m-). 3. The fuel flow is continuous in nature. llO6.11.6 Investigation required. An in\!estigation shall be conducted by the fueling-system opcrator of all spills requiring notification of the fire department. The invcstigati011shall provide conclusive proof of the causc and verification of the appropriale use of eniergcncy procedures. Whcrc it is determined that c o ~ ~ e c t i vmeasures e are necessary to prevent futurc incidents of the same nature, thcy shall be implemenicd immediately. 1106.11.7 Multiple fuel delivery vehicles. Sim~rltancous delivery of file1 from more than one aircraft-fueling \:chicle to a ~ i n g l eaircraft-fueling manifold is prohibitcd unlcss proper bacliflow prevention devices are installed to pl-cvcnt fuel flow into rhc tank vehicles. 1106.12 Aircraft engines and heaters. Operation of aircraft onboard engines and combustion hcaters shall be tcrminatcd prior to commencing fuel service operations and shall remain off until thc fuel-servicing operation is complcted.
1106.L1 Fucl spill prevention and procedui-es.Fuel spill prevention and the procedures for handling spills shall comply with Sections I 106.1 1.1 through 1106. I 1.7.
Exception: In an emergency, a single jet engine is allowed to be operated during fuel servicing wherc all of thc following conditions arc met:
1106.11.1 Fuel-service equipment maintenance. Aircraft fuel-servicing equipment shall be maintained and kept fiee from lcaks. Fuel-servicing equipment that ~~iali'unctions or Icaks shall not be continued in service.
1. 7'he emergency shall have resul tcd from an onboard failure of the aircraft's auxiliary powcr unit.
2. Restoration of auxiliary power to the aircraft by ground support services is not availablc.
1 106.1 1.2 Transporting fuel nozzles. Fuel nozzles shall be carried utilizing appropriate handles. Dragging fucl noz7les along the ground shall be prohibited.
3. The engine to be opcrated is eithcr at thc rcar of thc aircraft or on the opposite side of thc aircraft from the fuel scrvice operation.
1106.1 1.3 Drum fueling. Fueling from drums or other containers having o capacity greater than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be accomplished with the use of an approved pump.
4. The cmergcncy operation is in accordance with a written procedure approved by the firc code official.
1106.1 1.4 Fucl spill procedures. The fueling-system operator shrill establish proccclurcs to follow in the evcntof a fuel
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1106.13 Vel~iclcand equipment restrictions. During aircraftfueling operations, only the cquipmcnt actively involvcd In the fueling operation is allowed within 50 fect (1 5 240 mm) of the
AVIATION FACILITIES
aircraft bcing fircled. Othcr equipment shall bc prohibited in this arca until the fucling operation is complete.
Exception: Aircraft-fueling operations utilizing single-point refueling with a sealed, mechanically locked fuel l a Class I tlanunable liqline connection and the f ~ ~isc not uid. A clear space of at least 10 fcet (3048 mm) shall be maintained betwecn aircraft fuel-systcrn vent openings and any part or portion of aircraft-servicing vehicles or equipment.
1106.13.1 Overwing fueling. Vehiclcs or equipment shall not bc allo\+ecl bcneath the trailing edge of thc wing when aircraft fueling takes place ovcr thc wing and the aircraft fi~cl-systcrnvents are located on the upper surface of thc wing. 1106.14 Electrical equipment. Electrical equipnlcnt. including but not limited to, battery chargers, ground or auxiliary powcr units. fans, compressors or tools, shall not bc operated. nor shall they be connectcd or disconnected from their power sourcc, during fucl service operations. 1106.14.1 Other equipment. Electrical or other spark-producing equipment shall not be used within 10 fect (3048 ~ n mof ) fileling equipment, aircraft fill or vcntpoints. or spill areas unlcss that equipment is i~ltrinsically safe and approved for usc in an explosive atmosphere. 1106.15 Open flames. Open tlames and opcn-tlame devices a e prohibited within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of any aircraft fuel-ser\~icingoperation or fueling equipment. 1106.15.1 Other areas. The fire code official is authorized to establish other locations where opcn flames and open-tlarne deviccs arc prohibited. 1106.15.2 Matches and lighters. Personnel assigned to and engaged in fuel-servicing operations shall not carry matchc\ or lighters on or about their person. Matches or lighters shall be proliibited in. on or about aircraft-fucling cq~~ipincnt. 1106.16 Lightning procedures.The fire code official is authorized to rcquirc thc airport authoritj~and the fueling-system operator to cstablish written procedures to follow when lightning flashes are detected on or ncar the airport. Thesc procedures shall cstablish criteria for the suspension and resumption of aircraft-fueling operations. 1106.17 Fuel-transfer locations. Aircraft fuel-transfcr opcrations shall hc prohibited indoors. Exception: In aircraft hangars built in accordance with the B~iikdingCode for Group provisions of the Ir~terrzutio~~al F-I occupancics, aircraft fuel-transfcr operations are allowed where: 1. Necesary to accomplish aircraft fuel-systcm rnaintcnance operations. Such operations shall be pcrformed in accordance with nationally recognizcd standards; or
2. 'The fuel being used has a flash point greater than 100°F (3733°C).
1106.17.1 Position of aircraft. Aircraft being fucled shall be positioned such that any fuel system vcnts and othcr fucl tank openings are a minimum of: 1 . Twenty-five feet (7610 mm) from buildings or stnlctures other than jct bridges; and 2. Fifty fcet (15 240 mln) from air intalic vents for boiler, heater or incinerator rooms.
1106.17.2 Fire equipment access. Acccss for firc \crvice ecluipment to aircraft shall be maintained during f~~el-servicing operations. 1106.18 Defueling operations. 'Thc requirements for fucling operations contained in this section shall also apply to aircraft defueling operations. Additional procedures shall be cstablished by the fueling-systcm operator to prevent overfilling of the tank vehicle used in the defueling operation. 1106.19 Nlaintenance of aircraft-fueling hose. Aircraft-fueling hoses shall be maintained in accordance with Sections 1106.19.1 through 1106.19.4. 1106.19.1 Inspections. Hoses used to fucl or defile1 aircraft shall bc inspected periodically to cnsure thcir ~crviccability and suitability for continued sc~vice.'The fuel-scrvicc operator shall maintain records of all tests and inspections perforincd on Fueling hoses. Hoses found to bc defectivc or otherwise damaged shall bc immediately removed from scrvice. 1106.19.1.1 Daily inspection. Each hose shall bt. inspected daily. This inspection shall includc a complete visual scan of the exterior for evidence of damagc, blistering or Icakage. Each coupling shall be inspcctcd for evidencc of leaks, slippage or misalignment. 1106.18.1.2 Monthly inspection. A morc thorough inspection. including pressure testing, shall be accolnplished for each hose on anionthly basis. This inspection shall includeexanlination of the fueldelive~yinlet screen for rubber particles, which indicates problems with thc hosc lining. 1106.19.2 Damaged hose. Hose that has bcen subjected to severe abusc shall be immediately rcmoved from servicc. Such hoses shall be hydrostatically testcd prior to being returned to service. 1106.18.3 Repairing hose. Hoses are allowed to be repaired by removing thc darnagcd portion and recoupling the undamaged end. When recoupling hoses, only couplings designed and approvedfor the size and type of hose in question shall be used. Hoses repaired in this manncr shall be visually inspected and hydrostatically tcsted prior to being placed back in service. 1106.18.4 New hose. Ncw hose shall be visually inspected prior to bcing placed into servicc. 1106.20 Aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles parking. Unattended aircraft fuel-servicing vchicles shall be parked in arcas that provide for both the uncncumbcred dispcrsal of vehicles in the evcnt of an emergency and the control of lcakage such that adjacent buildings and storm drains are not contaminated by leaking fuel. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
AVIATION FACILITIES
1106.20.1 Parking arca design. Parking areas for tank vchicles shall be designed and utilized such that a clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained between each parked vchicle for firc department access. In addition. a rninimum clcarancc of 5 0 fcct (15 240 mm) shall he maintained hetwccn tank vehic!es and parked aircraft and structures other than those used for the maintenance andfor garaging of aircraft fuel-servicing vehicles. 11 06.21 Radar equipment.Aircraft fuel-servicing operations ,shall be prohibited while the weathcr-mapping radar of that aircraft is operating. Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in which flamniable liquids, vapors or mists may be present shall not be conducted within 300 fect (9 1 440 ~nrn)of an operating alrcrafi surveillance radar. Aircraft fi~el-servicing operations shall not be conductcd within 300 fcct (91 440 mm) of airport flight traffic surveillance radar equipmcnt. Aircraft fuel-servicing or other operations in wliich flanimablc liquids. vapors 01-mists ]nay be present shall not be conducted within 100 feet (30 480 nim) of airport ground traffic surveillance radar equipmcnt.
1106.21.11 Direction of radar beams. The heam from ground radar cquip~nentshall not be directed toward fuel stol-agc 01 loading racks.
Exceptions: 1. Fucl storagc and loading racks in excess of 300 fcct (9 1 440 mm) from airport flight traffic surve~llance cquipmc~lt.
2. Fucl storagc and loading racks in excess of 100 fect (30 480 1nn1)from airpo~tground traffic surveillance equiplnent.
SECTION 1107 HELISTOPS AND HELIPORTS 1107.1 General. tlelislops and helipo~tsshall be maintained in accordance with Sections 1107. 2 through 1107.8. Hellstops and hellpol-ts on buildings shall be constructed in accordance i~rg with thc I17teriiotio1ralI j ~ ~ ~ l dCo~ie.
1107.2 Clearances. The touchdown arca shall bc surro~tndeci on all sides by a clear area h a v i n ~minimu111average width at roof levcl of 15 tecl (4572 nim) but no width leqs than 5 fect (1524 ti~rn).'The clear area shall be maintained.
1107.3 Flammable and Class I1 cornbtnstible liquid spillage. Landing areas on structures shall be maintained so as to confine tlammablc or Class I1 co~nbustibleliquid spillage to the landing arca itself. a ~ provisions ~ d shall be madc to drain such spillage away froiii exits o r stairways serving the helicopter landing area or frorn a structure housing such exit or stairway.
1107.4 Exits. E x ~ t and s stairways shall be maintained in accordance with Section 412.5 of thc Ii7ter-ntrtrorzal Building Codo. 1107.5 Standpipe systems. Where a building with :I rooftop hclistop or heliport is cquippcd with a standpipe system, the system shall be extended to thc roof level on which the helistop 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
or heliport is located. All portions of thc helistop and heliport arca shall be within 1 50 fcet (45 720 mm) of a 2.5-inch (63.5 mrn) outlet on a Class I or I11 standpipe.
1107.6 Foam protection. Foam fire-protection cnpabilitics shall be provided for rooftop helipor~s.Such systc~nsshall be dcsigncd, installed and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 903, 904 and 905. 1107.7 Fire extinguishers. A minimum of one portable firc extinguisher having a minimum 80-B:C rating shall bc provided for each permanent taltcoff and landing area and for thc aircraft parking areas. Installation, inspection and maintenance of these extinguishers shall be in accordance with Scction 906. 1107.8 Federal approval. Betbrc operating I~clicoptcrsfrom helistops and heliports, approval cl.~allbe oh1:lincd frola the Federal Aviation Administration.
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CHAPTER 12
DRY CLEANING SECTION 1201 GENERAL
3. Class IIIA solvcnts are liquid&having a tlash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and helow 200'1; 193°C).
1201.1 Scope. Dry cleaning plants and thcir operations shall comply wit11 t l ~ crcquircmerlts of this chaptcr.
4. Class IIIB solvents are liquids having a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C).
1201.2 Permit required. Pcrmits shall be 'equired as set forth in Scction 105.6.
5. Class IV solvents are liquids classified as no~~flan~mable.
SECTION 1202 DEFINITIONS 1202.1 Definitions. The following wol-ds and terms shall, for the purposcs of this chapter and as nscd elsewhere in this code, havc the nicanings shown herein. DRY CLEANING. Thc process of removing dirt, grease, paints and othcr stains from such items as wearing apparel: textiles, fabrics and rugs by usc of nonaqueous licluids (solvents). DRY CLEANING PLANT. A facility in which dry cleaning and assnciatcd operations are conducted, including the office, rcceiving arca and storage rooms. DRY CLEANING ROOM. An occupiable space within a building used for performing dry cleaning operations, the installation of solvent-handling equipment 01-the storagc of dry clcaning solvents. DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. Machinery or equipment in which tcxtiles Lire iinmersed or agitated in solvent or in which dry clcanii~gsolvcnt is extracted from textilcs. SO1,VICNT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS. A method for classifying solvcnts or liquids according to the following classes: Class I solvents. Liquids having a flash point below 100°F (38°C). Class 11 solvents. Liquids having a ilash point at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Class l1lA solvents. Liquids having a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). Class IlLK solvents. Liquids having aflashpoint at or above 200°F (93°C).
Class IV solvents. Liquids classified ns nonflammable.
SECTION 1203 CLASSIFICATIONS 1203.1 Solvent classification. Dry clcaning solvents shall be classiticd according to their flash points as follows: I. Class I solveilts arc liquids having a flash point below I0OoF (38°C).
2. Class 11 solvcnts arc liquids having a flash point at or ~tbovc100°F(38°C) and below 140°F (6I)"Cj. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1203.2 Classificatio~~ of dry cleaning plants and systcms. Dry cleaning - plants and systc~nsshall bc classified bascd on the solvents uscd as follows: 1. Typc 1-systerns
using Class I solvents.
2. Type 11-systems
using Class I1 solvcnts.
3. Typc 111-A-syslcms
using Class IIIA solvcnts.
4. Typc 111-B-systems
using Class lIlB solvents.
5. Type 1V-systems using Class IV solvents in which dry cleaning is not conductcd by the public. 6. Type V-systems using Class 1V solvents in which dry cleaning is conducted by the puhlic.
Spotting and pretreating operations conducted in accordance with Section 1206 shall not changc the type of the dry clearling plant.
1203.2.1 NIultiple solvents. Dry cleaning plants using more than onc class of solvent for dry clcaning shall hc clzlssified based on the numerically lowest solvcnt class. 1203.3 Design. The occupancy classification, design aud construction of dry cleaning plants shall comply with thc applicirblc rcquil-cmcnts of thc I~ltcnzutionulBuiidi~tgCorlc.
SECTlON 1204 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1204.1 Prohibited use. Type I dry cleaning plants shall be prohibited. Limitcd quantities of Class I solvents stored and uscd in accordance with this scction shall not bc prohibited in dry clcaning plants. 1204.2 Building services. Ruildinp sci-viccs and systcins shall be designed? installed and maintained in accordancc with this section and Chapter 6. 1204.2.1 Ventilation. Ventilation shall bc provided in accordancc with Section 502 olrthc hlrcr?~ntiorzalMc?rlzcci~iCUE Code and DO1 ,2KCF;R Part 19 10.1000, whcrc applicable. 1204.2.2 Heating. In Type 11dry clcanirlg plants, heating shall be by indirect means using stcam, hot water or hot oil only. 1204.2.3 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring andequipment in dry clcaning rooms UI- othcr locations subject to flammable vapors shall bc installcd in accordance with the ICC Eler:rr-ical Code. 151
DRY CLEANING
1204.2.4 Bonding and grounding. Storage tanks, trcaimcnt tanks, filtcrs, pumps, piping, ducts. dry cleaning units, stills, tumblers, drying cabinets and other such equipment. where not inherently electrically conductive, shall be bondcd togethcr and grountlcd. Isolated equipment shall be grounded.
SECTION 1205 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
1205.1 General. The operation of dry cleaning systems shall comply with the requircnients of Sections 1205.1.1 through 1205.3. 1205.1.1 Written instructions. Written instructions covering the proper installation and safe operation and use of equipment and solvent shall be given to the buyer. 1205.1.1.1 Type 11, 111-A, 111-B and IV systems. In Type 11, 111-A, 111-B and IV dry cleaning systems, machines shall bc operated in accordance with the operating instructions furnished by the machinery manufacturer. Employees shall be instructcd as to thc hazards involvctl in their tlcpartnients and in the work they perform. 1205.1.1.2 Type V systems. Operating instructions for customer use of Type V dry cleaning systems shall be conspicuously posted in a location near the dry cleaning unit. A telephone number shall be provided for emergcncy assistance. 1205.1.2 Equipment identification. The ~nanufacturcr shall provide nameplates 011 dry cleaning machines indicating the class of solvent for which cach machinc is designed. 1205.1.3 Open systems prohibited. Uly clcaning by immersion and agitation in open vessels shall beprohibitcd. 1205.1.4 Prohibited use of solvent. The use of solvents with a flash point below that for which a machinc is designed or listcd shall bc prohibited. 1205.1.5 Equipilment inaintenance and housekeeping. Proper mai~itenance and operating practices shall be observcd in order to prcvent the lcakage of solvent or the accumulation of lint. The handling of waste material generatcd by dry cleaning operations and the maintenance of facilities shall comply with the provisions of this section. 1205.1.5.1Floors. Class I and Il liquids shall not be used for cleaning floors. 1205.1.5.2 Filters. Filtcr rcsidue and other rcsidues con~ d of in covtaining solvent shall be handled a ~ disposed ered nictal containers. 1205.1.5.3 Lint. Lint and refuse shall be removcd from traps daily, dcpositcd in approved waste cans. removed from thc premises. and disposed of safely. At all othcr times. traps shall be held sccurely in place. 1205.1.5.4Custonier areas. In Type V dry cleaning systems. customer areas shall be kept clean.
1205.2 Type I1 syslcms. Spccial operating rcquircmcnts for Type I1 dry clcaning systems shall comply with thc provisions of Sections 1205.2.1 through 1305.2.3. 1205.2.1 Inspection of materials. Maierials to hc dry cleaned shall be scarctied thoroughly and foreign materials. including matches and metallic substances. shall bc rcnioved. 1205.2.2 Material transfer. In removing materials from thc washer, provisions shall be made for minimizing thc dripping of solvent on the floor. Where materials are transferred from a washcr to a drain tub, a nonferrous metal drip apron shall be placcd so that the apron rests on thc drain tub and tlic cylinder of the washcr. 1205.2.3 Ventilation. A mechanical venlilation systcln which is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot o f air per minute for each square foot of floor arca 10.0058 m3/(s . ni2)] shall be installed in dry cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. The ventilation system shall operate auton~aticallywhen the dry cleaning equipment is in operation and shall have manual controls at an approved location. 1205.3 Type IV and V systems. Typc IV and V dry cleaning systems shall be providcd with an automatically activntcd exhaust ventilation system to maintain a minimum of 100 fcct pcr minute (0.51 m/s) air velocity through the loading door when thc door is opened. Such systems for dry cleaning cquipmcnt shall coriiply with the It~tanzntior~rrl Mecizcllzicxrl Code Exception: Dry cleaning units are not required to bc provided with cxhaust vcntilat~onwhere an cxhaust hood is installed immediately outs~dcof and above the loading door which operatcs at an airflow rate as follows: Q = 100 xL4,,>
(Equation 12-1)
whcrc: Q = flow ratc exhausted through the hood, cubic feet per minute (m3/s). A,,= area of the loading door. square fect (ruZ).
SECTION 1206 SPOTTING AND PRETREATING 1206.1 General. Spotting and pretreating operations and equipment shall comply with thc provisions of Scctions 1206.1 through 1206.5.
1206.2 Type I solvents. The maximum quantity of Typc 1 solvents permitted at any work station shall be I gallon (4 L). Class I solvents shall be stored in approved safety cans or in scalcd DOTn-approved mctal shipping containers of not more than I-gallon (4 L) capacity. Dispensing shall bc from approved safcty cans. 1206.3 Type I1 and 111 solvents. Scouring, brushing, and spotting and pretreating shall be conducted with Class 11 or 111 solvents. The nlaxirnum quantity of Typc 11 or 111 solvents permitted a1 any work station shall be 1 gitllon (4 L). In other than a Group H-2 occupancy, thc aggregate quantities of solvents shall not excecd the maximum allowable quantity per control area for use-open system. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
DRY CLEANING
1206.3.1 Spotting tables. Seoul-irlg, brushing or spotting tables on which articles are soaked in solvcnt shall have a liquid-tight top with a curb on all sides not less than 1 inch (25 nim) high. The top of the table shall be pitched to ensure thorough draining to a 1.5-inch (38 n i ~ ndrain ) connected to iln approved containcc 1206.3.2 Special handling. When approved, articles that g are cannot bc washed in the usual w a s h i ~ ~machines allowcd to be cleancd in scrubbing tubs. Scrubbing tubs shall coinply with the following:
1. Only Class I1 or 111liquids shall be used. 2. The total amount of solvent uscd in such open containers shall not exceed 3 gallons (1 1
L).
3. Scrubbing tubs shall be secured to the floor 4. Scrubbing tubs shall be provided with permanent 1.5inch (38 mm) drains. Such drain shall be provided with a, trap and shall be connected to an approved container.
1206.3.3 Ventilation. Scrubbing tubs, scouring, brushing or spotting operations shall be located such that solvent vapors arc captured anti exhausted by the ventilating system.
1207.2.1 Fire-fighting access. Type I1 dry clcaning plants shall be located so that access is provided and maintained from one side for fire-fighting and fire control purposes in accordance with Section 503. 1207.2.2 Number of means ofegress. Type I1 clry clcaning rooms shall have not lcss than ~ w oIncans of cglcss doors located at opposite ends of the rootn. at least onc of which shall lead directly to the outside. 1207.2.3 Spill control and secondary contaiomel~t. Curbs, drams, or other prov~sionsfor spill control and secondary containrr~entshall be prov~dedIn accordancc with Section 2704.2 to collect solvent leakage and fire pro~cction water and direct it to a safe location. 1207.3 Solvent storage tanks. Solvent storagc tanks for Class 11, IIIA and BIB liquids shall conform to the rcquiremcnts of Chapter 34 and be located underground or outside, above ground. Exception: As provided in NFPA 32 for insidc storage or treatment tanlcs.
SECTlON 1208
FIRE PROTECTION
1206.3.4 Bonding and grounding. Metal scouring. brushing and spotting tables and scrubbing tubs shall be permanently and effccti\ely bonded and grounded.
1208.1 General. Where required by this section. tire protect be installcd, tion systems, deviccs and e q ~ ~ i p m c nshall inspected, tested and maintained i n accordance with Chaptcr 9.
1206.4 Type IV systems. Fla~n~nablc and combustible licluids uscd for spotting operations shall be stored in approved safcty cans or in senlcd DOTII-approved metal shipping containers of not more than 1 gallon (4 1,') in capacity. Dispensins shall bc from approved safcty cans. Aggregate amounts shall not cscecd 1 0 gallons (38 L).
1208.2 Alltomatic sprinkler system. An a~~tonratic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 throughout dry cleaning plants containing Type 11, Type 111-A or Type III-B dry clcaning systems.
1206.5 Typc V systems. Spotting operations using fla~nrnable or combustible liquids are prohibited in Type V dry clcaning systems.
SECTION 1207 DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS 1207.1 General equipment requirements. Dry cleaning systems. including dry cleaning ~lliits,washing machines, stills, drying cabinets. tumblers, and their appurtenances, including pumps, piping, valvcs. filters and solvent coolers, shall be installcd and maintained in accordance with NFPA 33. The constn~ctionof buildings in which such systems are located shall comply with the rec~uircmentsof h i s section and the 11itenz~1ti01l(~l Bzlildi~zgC ~ d e R:C . portable fire extinguishers shall be provided near the doors inside dry clcaning rooms containing Type 11, Type III-A and Type 111-8 dry cleaning systems.
1207.2 Type I1 systems. 'lj;pe 11 dry cleaning and solvent tank storagc rooms shall not be locatcd below grade or above thc lowcst floor lcvcl of the building and shall comply with Sections 1207.2.1 through 1207.2.3. Exception: Solvent storagc tanlcs installed underground, in v a ~ ~ lor t s in special enclosures in accordance with Chapter 34. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
1208.3 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Typc I1 dry cleaning units. washer-extractors. and drying tumblers in Typc I T dry cleaning plants shall bc provided with an approved autosystem installed and inriinlaincd in matic fire-extinpuishi~~g accordance with Chaptcr 9. Exception: Where approved. a nian~ialstcarn jet not lcss than 0.75 inch ( 1 9 mm) with a continuously available steam supply at a pressure not lcss than 15 pouuds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 Wa) is allowed to be substituted for the automatic fire-extinguishing system. 1208.4 Portable fire cxtinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be selectetl, installed anti maintained in accordance with this scction and Scctiort 906. A minimurn of two 2-A: IO-B:C portable fire cxtinguishcrs shall be provided near the doors inside dry cleaning rooms containing Type 11, Type 111-A and Type 111-B dry cleaning systeins.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 13
COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS TABLE 1304.1 EXPLOSlON PROTECTION~STANDARDS ~.~- - ~.. ~ .. . ~
SECTION 1301 GENERAL
1301.1 Scope. Thc equipment. processes and operations involving dust explosion hazards shall comply with the provisior~sof this chapter.
NFPA 6 1 -.1NFPA 69 ~
-
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.
SUSJECT~
.
$~-c~!%&!ndFood
-
~;PA 85 ~
~
COMSUSTIBLE DUST. Finely divided solid material which is 420 microns or less in diameter and which. when dispersed in air in the proper proportions, could be ignited by aflame. spark or other sourcc of ignition. Combustible dust will pass through a U.S. No. 40 standard sicvc. SECTION I303 PRECAUTlONS 1303.1 Soorces of ignition. Smolcing or the use of heating or othcr dcvices employing an opcn flame, or thc use of sparkproducing ccluiynicnt is prohibited in areas wherc conibustiblc dust is gcncratcd, stored, n~anufacturcd,processet! or handled. 1303.2 Noosekeeping. Acc~~mulation of cornbustiblc dust shall be kept to a minimum in the interior ol'buildings. Accumulated con~bustiblcdust shall be collectet! by vacuum cleaning or othcr mcans that will not placc combustible dust into suspension in air. Forced air 01. similar rncthods shall not be used to rclnove dust from surfaces.
SECTION 1304 EXPLOSION PROTECTION 1304.1 Standards. Thc fire code oiticial is a~lthorizcdto enforce applicable provisions of thc codes and standards listed in Tablc 1304.1 to prevent and control dust explosions.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
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SECTION 1302 DEFINITIONS 1302.1 Definition. Thc following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code. have the meaning shown herein.
~
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~xploiionPrevention-- . .~~ \Boiler and Combustion ..-~ System ~-- Harards .- .~~ .~ ICoal Preparati?~~Plants . ~@ /CombustibleMetals. Metal Powders and
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1301.2 Permits. Permits shall be requircd Tor combustible dust-producing opcrations as set forth in Section 105.6.
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2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
CHAPTER 14
FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION SECTION 1401 GENERAL
approvcd ashtrays shall he provided in accordancc with Section 3 10.
1401.1 Scope. This chaptcr shall apply to structurcs in the course of construction, alteration, or dcn~olition,including those in undcrgrouud locations. Compliance with NFPA 241 is rcquircd for items not specifically addressed her-ein.
1404.2 Waste disposal. Combustible debr-isshall not bc accumulated within buildings. Combustible debris, rubbish and wastc material shall be removed from buildings at thc elld of each shift of work. Combustible debris, l-ubbish and waste material shall not be disposed of by burning 011 thc site unless approved.
1401.2 Purpose. This chaptcr prescribes minimum safeguards for construction, altcration, and demolition opcrations to provide rcasonablc safcty to life and property fro111 fire during such opcrations.
SECTlON 1402 DEFINITIONS 1402.1 Terlns defined in Chapter 2. Words :~ndterms used in this chapter alld defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them a<defined therein.
SECTION 4 403 TEMPORARY HEATING EQhllPMENT 1403.1 Listed. Temporary heating devices shall be listed and Meclrar~icalCode labeled in accordal~ccwith the lizterr~atiar~nl or the hltrrr~cltiannlrcicl GLLS Co~ie.Installation, maintenance and usc of temporary heating devices shall be in acco~dance with thc tcrnls of the listing.
1403.2 Oil-fired heaters. Oil-fired heaters shall conlply with Scction 603.
1404.3 Open burning. Open burning shall comply with Section 307. 1404.4 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susccptiblc to spontaneous ignition, such asoily rags, shall bc stored in a listcddispusal container. 1404.5 Fire watch. When required by the fire code official for building dernolition that is hazardous in natll~~e, qualiticd personnel shall be providcd to serve as an on-site fire watch. Fire watch pcrsnnncl shall be provided with at least one approvcd means for notification of thcfirc clepautmcl~tand their sole duty shall be to pe~forinconslanr patrols and watch for thc occurrence of fire. 1404.6 Cutting and welding. Operations involving the use of cutting and wclding shall he done in accordancc with Chaptcl. 26. 1404.7 Electrical. Temporary wiring f a - clcctrical power and lighring installations used in connection with thc: construction. alteration or demolition of buildings, structures, ecluipnlcnt or similar activities shall comply with the ICC Elertr-iced Cndt!.
1403.3 LP-gas heaters. Fuel supplies f o ~I~quctied-petroleum gas-fircd hcaters shall comply with Chapter 38 and thc I ~ z ~ o ~ I ~ L I riorlnl Fuel Gtrs Code. 1403.4 Refueling. Refueling operations fol- liquid-fueled ecluipmcnt or appliances shall be conducted in accol.dancc with Section 3405. The ccluip~ncntor applia~~ce shall he allowcd to cool prior to refueling.
SECTION 1405 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
1405.1 Storage of fla~nmableand combustible liquids. Storage of t1amm:ible and combustiblc liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3404.
1403.9 Installation. Clearallcc to co~nbustiblesfrom tempo rary hcating dcviccs shall be ~naintainedin accordancc with the lahelcd cquipmcnt. Whcn in operation, temporary hearing dcviccs shall be fixed in place and protected from damage, dislodgement or overturning in accordar~cewith thc manufacturer's instructions.
1405.2 Class 1and Class 11liquids. The storage. use alld bandling of flammable and combustiblc liquids at construction sites shall bc in accordance with Scctiorl 3406.2. Ventilation shall be provided for operations involving tllc application of materials containing flalnmable solvents.
1403.6 Supervision. 'The use of temporary heating devices shall bc supervised and maintained only by compctenl personnel.
storage areas
SECTION 1404 PRECAUTlONS AGAINST FIRE 1404.1 Smoking. S ~ ~ ~ o k ishall n g be prohibited except in approvcd arcas. Signs shall be pobtcci in accordance with Section 3 10. In approvcd areas where smoking is permitted, 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
1405.3 Houselceeping. Flammable and combustible liquid be clear of vcgctashall not be Llsed tion and waste materials. such storar,re for the storagc of comb~~stible materials. 1405.4 Precautions against fire. Sources of ignition and smolcing shall bc prohibited in flan~mableand cornbustiblc liquid storage areas. Signs shall bc posted in accordance with Scction 3 10. 1405.5 Handling at point of final use. Class I ant1 II licluids shall be kept in approved safcty containers. 157
FlRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
1405.6 Leakage and spills. Leaking vcssels shall be immediately rcpaircd or taken out of service and spills shall be cleaned up and dlsposed of properly.
1408.7 Temporary covering of fire protection devices. Coverings placed on or over fire protection devices to protect them from damage during constr~~ction processes shnll bc in~mediately removed upon the con~pletionof the construction processes in the room or area in which the devices are installed.
SECTION 1406 FLAMMABLE GASES 1406.1 Storage and handling. The storage, use and handling of flammable gases shnll comply with Chapter 35. SECTION 1407 EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS 1407.1 Storage and handling. Explosive inaterials shall be stored, used and handlcd in accordance with Chapter 33. 1407.2 Supervision. Blasting operations shall be conducted in accordance wit11 Chapter 33. 1407.3 Demolition using explosives. A p p r o ~ e dfire hoses for use by demolition personnel shall be maintained at the dernolition sitc whenever explosives arc usedfor demolition. Such fire hoses shall be connected to an approved water supply and shall be capable of bcing brought to bear on post-detonation fires anywhere on the site of the demolition operation. SECTION 1408 OWNER'S RESPONSlBlLlTY FOR FlRE PROTECTION 1408.1 Prograin superintendent. The owner shall designate a person to hc the Fire Prevention Program Superintendent who shall bc rcsponsiblc for the fire prevention program and cnsurc that it is carried out through completion of the project. The fire prevention program superintendent shall have the authority to cnforce the provisions of this chapter and other provisions as necessary to secure the intent of this chapter. Where guard service is providcd. the superintendent shall be responsible for the guard servicc. 1408.2 Prcfire plans. The fire prcvcntion program superintendent shall develop and maintain an approved prefire plan in cooperation with the firc chief. The fire chief and the fire code official shall be notified of changes affecting the utilization of information contained in such prefire plans. 1408.3 Training. Training of responsible personnel in the use of fire protection equipment shall be thc responsibility of the fire prevention program superintendent.
SECTION 1409 FlRE REPORTING 1409.1 Emergency telephone. Readily accessible emergency telephone facilities shall be provided in an approvcd location at the construction site. The street address of the construction site and the emergency tclephone number of the fire department shall be posted adjacent to the telephone.
SECTION 1410 ACCESS FOR FlRE FIGHTING 1410.1 Required access. Approved vehicle access for firc fighting shall be provided to all construction or demolition sites. Vehicle access shall be provided to within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of temporary or permanent fire department connections. Vehicle access shall be providcd by eithcr temporary or permanent roads, capable of supporting vehicle loading under all wcatl~crconditions. Vehicle access shall be maintained until permanent fire apparatus access roads arc available. 1410.2 Key boxes. Kcy boxes shall bc providcd as rcquired by Chapter 5.
SECTION 1411 MEANS OF EGRESS [B] 1411.1 Stairways required. Where a building has been constructed to a height greater than 50 feet (I 5 24.0 mm) or lour stories, or where an existing building exceeding 50 fcet ( 15 240 mm) in height is altered, atleastone temporary lightedstairway shall be provided unless onc or more of the pem~ancntstairways are erected as the construction progresses. 1411.2 Maintenance. Rccluired mean\ of cgress shall be maintained during construction and demolition, rcmodcling or alterations and additions to any building. Exception: Approved temporary means of egress systems and facilities.
1408.4 Fire protection devices. The fire prevention program superintendent shall determine that all fire protection equipment is maintained and serv~cedin accordance with this code. The quantity and type of firc protection equipment shall be approved.
[N]1411.3 Stairway floor number signs.Tcmporary stairway floor number signs shall be provided in accordance with (he requirements of Sect~on1012. I .7.
1408.5 Hot work operations. The f i x prevention program supcrintendent shall be responsible for supervising the perinit systcnl for hot work operations in accordailcc with Chapter 26.
SECTION 1412 WATER SUPPLY FOR FlRE PROTECTION
1408.6 Inlpairnient of fire protection systems. Impairments to any fil-c protection system shall be in accordancc wit11 Section 901.
1412.1 When required. An approvcd water supply for fire protection, eithcr temporary or pcrmni~cnt,shall bc rnadc available as soon as contbustible material arrives on the sitc. 2006 lNTERNATlONAL FlRE CODE@
I
I
FlRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION
SECTION 1413 STANDPIPES 1413.1 Where required. Buildings four or more stories in
SECTION 1416 MOTORlZED EQUIPMENT 1416.1 Conditions of use. Internal-combustion-powered con-
hcight shall be providcd with not less than one standpipe lor usc during construction. Such standpipes shall bc installed when the progress of construction is &;more than 4 0 feet (1 2 192 mrn) in height above the lowest level of fire department access. Such standpipe shall be providcd wilh fire dcpartrnent hosc connections at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs. Such standpipcs shall be extended as construction progresses to within onc floor of the highcst point of construction having sccurcd decking or floor~ng.
struction equipment shall be used in accordnncc with all of thc followir~g - conditions:
1413.2 Buildings being cllemolished. Where a building is being de~nolishedand a standpipe is existing within such a building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable condition so as to bc avail;lble for use by the fire department. Such standpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall not be demolished more than one floor below the floor being demolished. 14123.3 Lletailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installed in accoscluncc with the provisior~\of Section 905. Exception: Standpipes shall be eithcr tclnporary or pennanent in naturc, and with or without a water supply, provided that such standpipes comply with the requireme~ltsof Section 905 as to capacity, outlets and materials.
SECTION 1414 AUTOMATlC SPRlNMLER SYSTEM 1414.1 Colnpletion before occupancy. In buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or tlic Itrrcr~z~rtiorral Buildirzg Cotkc, it shall be unlawful to occupy a1117portion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler systcln installation has been tcsted and approved, except as provided in Section 105.3.1.
1414.2 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler control valves shall be allowcd only by propcrly authorized personnel and shall be accompanied by notification of duly designated parties. When the sprinkler protection is being regularly turned off and on to facilitate connection of ncwly completed segments, the sprinkler control valves shall be chcclced at the end of each work period to ascertain that protection is in service.
SECTION 1415 PORTABLE FlRE EXTINGUISHERS 1415.1 Where required. St~.ucturcsunder construction, alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than onc approvedportable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 906 and sized for not less than ordinary hazard as follows: I . At each stairway on all floor levels whcre combustible rnatcrial\ have accum~~latcd.
2. In cvcry storagc and construction shed. 3. Additional portablc firc cxtinguisliers sl~allbe provided where special hazards exist including, hut not limited to. the sloragc and use of flammable and combustible liquids. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
1. Equipment shall be located so that exhausts do not discharge against conlhustible material.
2. Exhausts shall be piped to the outsidc of the building. 3. Equipment shall not be rcfuclcd whilc i l l operation. 4. Fu~elfor equipinent shall bc stored in an approvcd area outside of the building.
SECTION 1417 SAFEGUARDING ROOFING OPERATIONS 1417.1 General. Roofing opcratio~isutilizing hent-prc)duciug systcnls or othcr ignition sources shall be perfomled by a contractor liccnsed and bonded for thc typc of roofingp~-ocessto be performed.
1417.2 Asphalt and tar kettles. Asphalt and tarkcttles shall bc operatcd in accordance with Section 303. 1417.3 Fire extinguishers for roofing operations. Fire cxtinguisher-sshall comply with Section 906. Therc shall be not I less than one multipurpose portablc firc cxtinguishcr with a minimum 3-A 40-B:C rating on the roof being covered or repaired.
CHAPTER 15
FLAMMABLE FINISHES SECTlON 1501 GENERAL
1501.1 Scope. This chaptcr shall apply to locations or areas ahcre any of thc following activities arc conducted: 1. The application of flammable or combustible paint, varnish, lacclucr. stain. fibcrglass resins or other flammable or combustible liquid applied by means of spray apparatus in continuous or intermitteot processes.
2. Dip-tank opcrations in which articles or materials arc passed through contents of tanks. vats or containers of tlarnmablc or cuinbustible liquids, including coating, finishing, treatment and similar processes. 3. The application of combustible powders when applied by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns, tluidizcd beds or clectrostatic fluidi7cd beds. 4. Floor surfacing or finishing opcrations In areas excceding 350 square feet (32.5 m2). 5. The application ufdual-component coatings or Class I or 11 liquids when applied by brush or roller in quantities exceeding 1 gallon (4 L). 6. Spraying and dipping operations. 1501.2 Permits. Pcrmits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7. SECTION 1502 DEFINITIONS 1502.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code. have the ~neaningsshown hcrein.
DICTEARING. A process for rapidly removlng excess wet coating material from a dipped or coated object or material by passing it through an clcctrostatic field.
DIP TANK. A tank, vat or container of flammable or cornbustible liquid in which articles or materials are immerscd for the purpose o f coating, finishing, treating and similar processcs.
EI,ECTROS'rATLC FLUIDIZED BED. A container holding powder coating rnatcrial that is acratcd from beluw so as to form an air-s~~pportcd expanded cloud of such material that is electrically charged with a charge opposite to that of the object to be coatcd. Such object is transported through the container imn~cdiatclpabovc thc charged and aerated materials in order to be coated.
FLAMMABIX FINISHES. Material coatines in which tht: material being applietl is a flammable licluid, con~bustiblcliquid. cunlbustible pomdcr or flammable or combustible gel coating.
dust) in air exceeds 25 percent of their lowcr flammable limit (LFL.) hecause of the flanlrnable finish processcs operalion. It shall include:
I . The interior of spray booths.
2. The interior of ducts exhausting from spraying processes. 3. Any area in the direct path of spray or any arca containing dangerous quantities of air-suspended powder, combustible residue, dust, deposits, vapor or mists as a rcsult of spraying opcrations.
4. Thc area in the vicinity ofdip tanks. drain boa~dsor associated drying, conveying or othcr equipment during operation or shutdoan periods. Tne fire code official is authorized to detenninc the cxtent of the flammable vapor area, taking into consideration thc material charactcristics of thc fla~nmablcmaterials, the degrce of sustained ventilation and the nature of thc opcrations.
FLUIDIZED BED. h container holding powdcr coating material that is ncrated from below so as to form an a i l - s ~ ~ p ported cxpandecl cloud of such material through which thc preheated olject to be coated is ~mmersedand transported. LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE. An area in which operations for touch-up or spot painting of a surfacc area of 9 scluare feet (0.84 m') or less are conducted.
RESIN APPLICATION AREA. An area wherc rcinforccd are used to manufacture products by hand lay-u,, or spray-fabricatioll metllods,
KOLL COATING. Thc process of coating, spreading and impregnating fabrics, paper or other niatcrials as thcy arc passed directly through a tank or trough containing flamn~able or combustible liquids, or over the surfacc of a roller revolving partially submerged in a flammable 01. co~nhustiblclicluid. SI'RAY SOOTH. A mechanically ventilated applia~iccof varying dimensions and construction provided to cnclose or accommodate a spraylng operation and to confine and limit the escape of spray vapor and rcsidue and to exhaust it safely.
SPRAY ROOM. A room designed to accommodate spraylng operatlon5 constructed in accordance with the I ~ l t c n ~ ( ~ t i o i ~ ( ~ / Bulld~rlgCoilc and separated from the remainder of the bu~lding by a minimum 1-hour fire barrier. SI'RAYING SPACE. An area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapors or colrtbustible residues, dusts or dcposits are present due to the operation of spraying Thc fire - - processes. . code official is authorized to define thc limits of thc spraying space in any spccific case. A
FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. An arca in which the conccntration of flammable constituents (vapor, gas. fume, mist or 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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SECTION 1503 PROTECTlON OF OPERATIONS
1503.1 General. Operations covered by this chapter shall be protected as rcquircd by Sections 1503.2 through 1503.4.4. 1503.2 Sources of ignition. Protcction against sources of ignition shall bc provided in accordancc with Scctions 1503.2.1 through 1503.2.8. 1503.2.1 Electrical wiring and equipment. Elcctrical wiring and equipment shall comply with this chapter and the ICC Elc~ctncnlCode. 1503.2.1.1 Flammable vapor areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in flammable vapor areas shall be of an explohionproof type approved for use in such hazardous locations. Such areas shall be considered to be Class I, Division 1 or Class 11. Division 1 hazardous locations in accordance with the ICC Electrical Code. 1503.2.1.2Areas subject to deposits of residues. Electrical equipment, flammable vapor areas or drying operations that are subject to splashing or diipping of liquids shall bc specifically approved for locations containing deposits of readily ignitable residue and explosive vapors. Exceptions: 1. This provision shall not apply to wiring in rigid conduit. threaded boxes or fittings not containing taps, spliccs or tem~inalconnections. 2. This provision shall not apply to electrostatic equipment allowed by Scction 1507. In rcsin application areas, electrical wiring and equipment that is subjcct to deposits of combustible residues shall bc listed for such exposure and shall bc installed as required for hazardous (classified) locations. Electrical wiring and equipmcnt not subject to deposits of combustible rcsidues shall be installed as required for ordinary hazard locations.
1503.2.1.3 Areas adjacent to spray booth. Electrical wiring and equipment located outsidc of, but within 5 fcct (1524 rnm) horizontally and 3 feet (914 mm) vertically of opcnings in a spray booth or a spray room, shall be approved for Class I. Division 2 or Class 11, Division 2 hazardous locations, whichever is applicable. 1503.2.1.4 Areas subject to overspray deposits. Electrical cquipment in fltlrnmable vapor areas located such that deposits of combustible residues could readily accumulate thereon shall be specifically approved for locations containing deposits of readily ignitable residue and cxplosivc vapors in accordance with the ICC Electricnl Cr>(i(~. Exceptions: I. Wiring in rigid conduit. 2. BOXCS or fittings not containing taps, splices or tcrrninal connections. 3. Equipment allowed by Sections 1504 and 1507 and Chapter 2 1.
1503.2.2 Open flames and sparks. Open tlames and spark-producing devices shall not be located in flammable vapor areas and shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 rnm) of such areas unless separated by a peimancnt partition. Exception: Drying and baking apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2. 1503.2.3 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in flammable vapor areas. Space-heating appliances. stcam pipcs or hot surfaces in a flammable vapor arca shall bc located such that they arc not subject to accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. Exception: Drying apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2. 1503.2.4 Equipment enclosures. Ecluipment or apparatus that is capable of producing sparks or particles of hot metal that would fall into a tlammable vapor area shall be totally enclosed. 1503.2.5 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying Class I or It liquids shall be electrically grounded in accordancc with the ICC Electrical Code. Metallic parts located in rcsin application areas. including but not limited to exhaust ducts. ventilation fans, spray application equipment, workpicccs and piping. shall be electrically grounded. 1503.2.6 Smoking prohibited. Smoking shall bc prohibitcd in flammable vapor arcas and hazardous materials storage rooms associated with flammable finish processes. "No Sn~oking"signs complying with Section 3 10 shall bc conspicuousIy posted in such areas. 1503.2.7 Welding wanling signs. Welding, cutting and similar spark-producing operations shall not be conducted in or adjacent to flammable vapor areas or dipping or coating operations unless precautions have been taken to provide safcty. Conspicuous signs with the following warning shall be posted in thc vicinity of flammable vapor areas, dipping operations and paint storage rooms: NO WELDING THE USE O F WELDING OR CUTTING EQUIPMENT IN OR NEAR THIS AREA IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE O F FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS. WELDING AND CUTTING SHALL BE DONE ONLY UNDER 'THE SUPERVISION O F THE PERSON IN CHARGE.
1503.2.8 Powered industrial trucks. Powercd industrial trucks used in electrically classified arcas shall bc listed for such use. 1503.3 Storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids. 'The storage, usc and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 34. 1503.3.1 Usc. Containers supplying spray nozzlcs shall be of a closed type or provided with metal covcrs, which arc kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall bc on 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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~luncornbustiblcsupports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed I 0 gallons (37.9 L) in capacity.
1503.3.2 Val~es.Contamers and p~pingto which a hose or flex~bleconnect~onis attached shall be provided with a ahutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when h o s c ~arc not in use. 1503.3.3 Pumped liquid supplies. Where flammable or combustible liquids arc supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, pump discharge lines shall be provided with an approved relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached location. 1503.3.4 Liquid transfer. Where a flamnlable rnixtul-c is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between t.he two containers. At least one container shall be grounded. Piping systelns for Class 1and I1 liquids shall be permanently ~ r o u n d e d . 1503.3.5 Class I liquids as solvents. Class 1 liquids used as solvents shall be used in spray gun and equipment cleaning machines that have been listed and approved for such purpose or shall he used in spray booths or spray rooms in accordance with Sections 1503.3.5.1 and 1503.3.5.2. 1503.3.5.1 Listed dcviccs. Cleaning machines for spray guns and equipment shall not be located in areas open to the public and shall be separated from ignition sources in accordance with thcir listings or hy a distance of 3 feet (914 min), whichever is greater. m e quantity of solvent uscd in a machine shall not cxceed the design capacity of the machine. 1503.3.5.2 Within spray booths and spray rooms. When solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary ecluiprnent within spray booths and spray rooms, the ventilating equipment shall be operated during clcaning. 1503.3.6 Class I1 and 111liquids. Solvents uscd outside of spray booths, spray roorns or listed and approved spray gun and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to Claqs 11 and Ill liquids. 1503.4 Operations and maintenance. Flammable vapor arcas, exhaust fan bladcs and cxhaust ducts shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of con~bustibleresidues. Whcre excessive residue accumulates in such areas. spraying operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrcctcd. 1303.4.1 Tools. Scrapers, spuds and other tools used for cleaning purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking materials. 1503.4.2 Residue. Residues reinovcd during cleaning and debris contaminated with residue shall be ~mmediately removed from the premises and properly disposed. 1503.4.3 Waste cans. Approved metal waste cans equipped with self-closing lids shall be provided wherever rags or waste arc impregnated with finishing material. Such rags anti wnstc shall he deposited thcrein imrnediiitc1y after being utilized. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and at the end of each shift.
1503.4.4 Solvent recycling. Solvent distillation equipment used to recycle and clean dirty solvcnts shall comply with Section 3405.4.
SECTION 1504 SPRAY FlNlSHlNG
1504.1 General. The application of flammablc: or conlbustible liquids by means of spray apparatus in continuous or intcmmittent processes shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1503 and 1504. 1504.2 Location of spray-finishingoperations. Spray finishing operations conducted in buildings uscd for Group A, E, I or R occupancies shall be located in a spray room protected with an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Section 901.3.1. I and separated vertically andhorizontally from other areas in accordailce with the Inter-r~arioi~ni Building Code. In other occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be conducted in a spray roorn, spray booth or spraying space approved for such use. Exceptions: 1. Autonlobile undercoating spray operations and spray-on automotive lining operations conducted in areas with approved natural or mechanical ventilation shall be exempt from the provisions OF Section 1504 when approved and where utilizing Class 111A or 11113 comb~~stible liquids. 2. In buildings other than Group A. E, I or R occupancies, approved limited spraying spacc in accordancc with Section 1504.9. 3. Resin application areas uscd for manufacturing of reinforced plasticscornplying with Section 1509 shall not be required to be located in ;I spray room, .spray booth or spraying spacc.
1504.3 Design and construction. Deslgn and construction of spray rooms, spray booths and spray spaces shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.3 through 1504.3.3.1. 1504.3.1 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be constnlcted and designed in accordance with this section ~ m dthe hltel-nntionui Building Code, and shall comply with Sections 1504.4 through 1504.8. 1504.3.1.1 Floor. Co~nbustiblefloor construction in s p r a y r o o i n s s h a l l b e c o v e l e d by a p p r o v e d , noncombustible, nonsparking material, cxcept where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin papcr or plastic and st1 ippablc coatings, arc utilized over noncombustible ~naterialsto facilitate cleaning opcrations in spray rooms. 1504.3.2 Spray booths. The design and construction of spray booths shall be in accordance with Sections 15M.3.7- 1 through 1504.3.2.6. Sections 1504.4 through 1504.5 and NFPA 33. 1504.3.2.1 Construction. Spray booths shall bc constructed of approved noncombustible materials. Aluminum shall not bc used. Where walls or ceiling assemblies are constructed of sheet metal, single-skin assen~blies
FLAMMABLE FINISHES
shall be no thinner than 0.0478 inch (I8 gage) (1.2 mm) and each 5heet of double-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than 0.0359 inch (20 gage) (0.9 mm). Structural sections of spray booths are allowcd to be sealed with latcx-based or similar caullcs ant1 sealants.
1504.3.2.2 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth: shall be constructed so as to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of thc interior. and to facilitate washing and cleaning; and shall bc designed to confine residues within the booth. Aluminum shall not be used. 1504.3.2.3 Floor. Combustible tloor construction in s p r a y b o o t h s s h a l l b e c o v c r e d by a p p r o v e d . noncombustible, nonsparking material. except where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncon~bustiblematerials to facilitate cleaning operations in spray booths. 1504.3.2.4 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be providcd in accordancc with Chapter 10. Exception: M e a n s o f e g r e s s d o o r s f r o m preinanufactured spray booths shall not be less than 30 inches (762 rntn) in width by 80 inches (2032 mm) in hcight. 1504.3.2.5 Clear space. Spray booths shall be installed so that all parts of the booth are readily accessible for cleaning. A clear space of not less than 3 feet (9 14 mm) shall be maintained on all sides of the spray booth. This clcar space shall be kept free of any storage or combustible construction. Exceptions: I. This requirement shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to or dil-cctly against an interior partition. wall or floor/cciling assembly that has a firc-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, providcd the spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned. 2. This requiremcnt shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to an exterior wall or a roof assembly, provided the wall or roof is constructed of noncombustible material and thc spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned. 1504.3.2.6 Size. The aggregate arca of spray booths in a building shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any tloor of a building or the basic area allowed for a Group H-2 occupancy without area increases, as set Codc. The area of an forth i l l the h7tcnzatiotzal B~~ilding individual spray booth in a building shall not excecd thc lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1.500 square feet (139 m'). Exception: One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet (46 m?). 1504.3.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be designcd and constructed in accordance with thc bztcrt7ci-
tio~znlBirildirzg Code and Sections 1504.3.-3.1 and 1 504.4 and thro~rgh1504.8 of this code.
1504.3.3.1 Floor. Combustible floor construction in spraying spaces shall be covered by approvcd, noncombustible nonsparking material, except whcre combustible coverings, such as thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spraying spaccs. 1504.4 Fire protection. Spray booths and spray rooms shall be protected by an approved automatic firc-cstinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. Protection shall also extend to exhaust plenulns, exhaust ducts and both sides of dry filters when such filters are used. 1504.4.1 Fire extinguishers. Portable tire cxlinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided for spraying areas in accordance with thc requirements for an extra (high) hazard occupancy. 1504.5 Housekeeping. maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Houselceeping. maintenance. storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordancc with Sections 1503.3, 1503.4. 1504.5.1 and 1504.5.2. 1504.5.1 Different coatings. Spray booths. spray rooms and spraying spaces shall not bc alternately utilized for different types of coating materials where the combination of inatcrials is conducive to spontaneous ignition, unless all deposits of one material are removcd from the booth, room or space and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with a different material. 1504.5.2 Protection of sprinklers. Automatic spriilklcrs installed in flammable vapor areas shall be protected from the accumulation of residue from spraying operations in an approved manner. Bags used as a protective covering shall be 0.003-inch-thick (0.076 mm) polyethylene or cellophane or shall be thin paper. Automatic sprinklers contaminated by overspray particles shall be replaced with new automatic sprinklers. 1504.6 Sourcesof ignition. Control of so~lrcesof ignition shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1504.6.1 through 1504.6.2.4. 1504.6.1 Drying operations. Spray booths and spray rooms shall not be alternately used for the purposc or drying by arrangements or methods that could cause an increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth or spray room exccpt in accordance with Sections 1504.6.1.1 and 1504.6.1.2. Except as specifically provided in this section, drying or baking units utilizing a heating system having open flames or that are capable of producing sparks shall not be installed i n a flammable vapor areas. 1504.6.1.1 Spraying procedure. The spraying proccdurc shall use low-volume spray application. 1504.6.1.2 Drying apparatus. Fixed drying apparatus shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provisions of Chapter 21. When recirculation ventilation is provided in accordance with Scct~on1504.7.2, thc heating system shall not be within therecirculat~onair path. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
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1504.6.1.2.1 Interlocks. The spraylng apparatus, drying apparatus and ventilating system for the spray booth or spray room shall be equipped with interlocks arranged to: 1 . Prevent operation of the spraying apparatus while drying operations are in progress. 2. Purgc spray vapors from the spray booth or \pray room for a pc~iodof not less than 3 mlnutes heforc the drying apparatus is rendered operable.
3. Have the ventilating systcrn maintain a safe atmosphere within the spray booth or spray room during rhc drying process and automatically shut off drying apparatus in the event of a failure of the ventilating systcrn. 4. Shut off the drying apparatus automatically if the air temperature within thc booth exceeds 200°F (93°C).
1504.6.11.2.2 Portable infrared apparatus. When a portable infrarcd drying apparatus is used, electrical wiring and portable infrared d r y i n equipment shall comply with the ICC E/ectriccrl Code. Electrical cquipmcnt located within 18 inches (457 rnm) of iloor level shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Metallic parts of drying apparatus shall bc electrically bonded and grounded. During spraying opcrations, portable diying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thcrcto shall not be located within spray booths, spray rooms or otlicr arcas wherc spray residue would be deposited thercon. 1504.6.2 Illumination. Where spraying spaces, spray rooms or spray booths arc illunlinated through glass panels or other transparent materials, only fixed luininaire~shall be utilized as a source of illumination. 1504.6.2.1 Glass panels. Panels for luminaires or for ohscrvation shall bc of heat-treated glass, wired glass or harrirncred wire glass and shall be sealed to confine vapors. mists. residues, dusts and deposits to the flanuma blc vapor area. Pancls for lurninaircs sliall be separated from the luminaire to prevent the surface temperature of tlic panel from cxcceding 200°F (93°C). 1504.6.2.2 Exterior luminaires. Lum~nairesattachcd to the walls or ccilings of a flammable vapor area, but outside of any classified area and separated fro111 the flamiuablc vapor areas by vapor-tight glass panels. shall be suit:~blc for use in ordi~iaryhazard locationi. Such luminaires shall be serviced from outside the flammable vapor areas. 1504.6.2.3 Integral luminaires. Luminaires that are an intcg~alpart of the walls or ceiling of a flammable vapor area arc allowcd to be separated from thc tlammahle vapor area by glass panels that are an integral part of the luminairc. Such luminaircs shall be listed for use in Class I: Division 2 or Class I[, Division 2 locations, whichever is applicablc. and also shall be suitable for accuniulntions of deposits of conibustible residues. Such luminaires arc 2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
allowed to bc scrviccd from insidc thc flammable vapor area.
1504.6.2.4 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric lamps shall not be used in tla~nmablcvapor areas during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps used during cleaning or repairing operations shall bc of a typc approved for hazardous locations. 1504.7 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation of tlaniniablc vapor areas shall be provided in accoi-dance with Scction 510 of the hterlzational Mcci~arricalCotle. 1504.7.1 Operation. Mechanical ventilation shall bc kcpt in operation at all times while spraying opcrations arc being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and finishing material residue to be exhausted. Spraying equipmelit shall be interlocked with the ventilation of the flammable vapor arcns such that spraying opcrations cannot bc conducted unlcss the ventilation system is in operation. 1504.7.2 Recirculation. Air exhaustcd from spraylng operations shall not be recirculatcd. Exceptions: 1. Air exhausled fro111spraying operations is allowcd to be recirculatcd as lnakeup air for unnianned spray operations. provided that:
1.1. The solid particulate has bccn rcmovcd. 1.2. The vapor concentration is less than 25 pcrcent of the LFI>
1.3. Approved equipment is used to monitor the \'apor concentration. 1.4. When the vapor conccnLration cxcceds 25 pcrcent of the LF1,. the following shall OccLIr: a. An alarm shall sound; and b. Spray operations shall automatically shut down. 1.5. In the event of ,shutdown of the vapor concentration monitor, 100 percent of the air volume spccificd in Sect~on510 of the Itltcr~natiorzul Mec.l,cir?ical Code is automatically exhausted.
2. Air exhaustcd from spraying operalions is allowcd to be I-ecirculated as makeup air to manned spraying operations where all of the conditions provided in Exception 1 arc included in the installation and documents havc been prepared to show that the installation docs not pose a life safcty hazard to personnel insidc the spray booth. spraying spclccor spray ~ ~ o o ~ i i .
1504.7.3 Air velocity. Vcntilatioll syslcms shall bc designed, installed and maintained such that thc average air velocity over the open face of the booth, or booth cross scction in thc direction of airflow during spraying opcrations, shall not be less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 mls).
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1504.7.4 Ventilation obstruction. Articles being sprayed shall bc positioned in a manner that docs not obstruct collection of ovcrspray. 1504.7.5 Independent ducts. Each spray booth and spmy room shall have an independent exhaust duct system discharging to the outsidc. Exceptions:
1504.7.8.1 Supports. Supports and holders for filtcrs shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. 1504.7.8.2 Attachment. Ovcrspray collection filtcrs shall be readily removable and accessible for cleaning or replacement. 1504.7.8.3 Maintaining air velocity. Visible gaugcs, audible alarms or pressure-activated devices shall bc installed to indicate or ensure that the required air velocity is maintained.
1. Multiple spray booths having a combined frontal area of 18 square feet ( 1.67 m2) or less are allowed to have a common exhaust whcn identical spray finishing material is used in each booth. If more than one fan serves one booth, fans shall bc interconnected such that all fans will operate simultancousl y.
1504.7.8.4 E'ilter rolls. Spray booths cquippcd with a filter roll that is automatically advanced whcn the air ~ e l o c ity is reduced to less than 100 feet pel- minute (0.5I m/s) shall bc arranged to shut down the spraying operation if the filter roll fails to advance automatically.
2. Where treatment of c x h a ~ ~ is s t necessary for air pollution control or for energy conservation, ducts shall be allowed to be manifolded if all of the following conditions are met:
1504.7.8.5 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be immediately removed to a safc, detached location or placed in a nonconlbustiblc container with a tight-fitting lid and disposed of properly.
2.1. The sprayed materials used are compatible and will not react or cause ignition of the residue in the ducts.
1504.7.8.6 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using dry filters shall not be used for spraying materials that arc highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials that could react with other materials previously collccted. An example of a potentially reactive combination includes lacquer when combined with varnishes. stains or primers.
2.2. Nitrocellulose-based finishing inaterial shall not be used. 2.3. A filtering systcm shall be provided to reduce the amount of overspray carried into the duct manifold. 2.4. Autolnatic sprinkler protection shall be provided at the j~rnction of each booth exhaust with the manifold, in addition to thc protection required by this chapter.
1504.7.6 Termination point. The termination point for cxhausl ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall not be ICSS than the following distances: I. Ducts convcying explosive or flammable vapors. fumes or d~rsts:30 feet (9144 mnil from the property line; I0 fcct (3048 mni) from openings Into the building; 6 feet ( 1829min) froni exterior walls and roofs; 30 feet (9144 ninl) from combustible walls or openings into the building that arc in the direction of the exhaust discharge: 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining gradc. 2. Othcr product-convcying outlets: 10 feet (3048 ~ n m ) from the property line: 3 fcet (9 14 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 10 fcet (3048 nim) from openings into the building; I0 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.
1504.7.7 Pan motors and belts. Electric motors driving cxliausl fans shall not be ylaccd inside booths or ducts. Fan rotating elements shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the casing shall consist of, or bc lincd with, such material. Bclts shall not enter the duct or booth unless the belt and pulley within the duct are tightly enclosed. 1504.7.8 Filters. Air intake filters that are part of a wall or ceiling asscmbly shall be listcd as Class 1or II in accordance with UL 900. Exhaust filtcrs shall be required.
1504.7.8.7 Waterwash spray booths. Waterwash spray booths shall be of an approvcd design so as to prevcnt excessive accumulation of deposits in ducts and 'csiduc at duct outlets. Such booths shall be arranged so that air and overspray are drawn through a continuously flowing watcr curtain before entering an exhaust duct to the building exterior. 1504.8 Interloclts. Interlocks for spray application finishes shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.8through 1504.8.2. 1504.8.1 Automated spray application operations. Where protecting automated spray application opcrations. automatic firc-extinguish~ng systems shall be cquipped with an approved interlock featurc that will, upon discharge of the systcm, automatically stop the spraying operations and workpiecc convcyors into and out of the flam~nablc vapor areas. Whcrc thc building 1s cquipycd wit11 a fire alarm system, discharge of the automatic fire-extinguishing system shall also activate the building alarm notification applianccs. 1504.8.1.1 Alarin station. A manual fire alarm and emergclicy system shutdown station shall bc installcd to serve each flammable vapor area. When ~~ctivated, thc station shall accomplish the functions indicated in Scction 1504.8.1. 1504.8.1.2.41arm station location. At least onc manual fire a l m and enlcrgency system shutdown station shall be rcadily accessible to operating personnel. Where access to this station is likely to involvc exposure to dangcr, an addilional station shall bc located adjacent to an exit from thc area. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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1504.8.2 Ventilation interlock prohibited. Air makeup and flammable mpor area exhaust systems shall not be interlocked with the firc alarm system and shall remain in operation during a fire alarm condition. Exception: Where thc type of tire-extinguishing system uscd requires such ventilation to be discontinued, airmakeup and cxliaust systems sliall shut down and dampcrs shall close. 1504.9 Limited spraying spaces. Limitcd spraying spaces shall comply w ~ t hSections 1504.9. l through 1504.9.4. 1504.9.1 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed shall not exceed 9 square feet (0.84 m2).
and discharged to a closed. vented salvagc tank or to an approved outside location.
Exception: Dip tanks conlaining Class IIIB combustible liquids where the liquids are not heated above room temperaturc and the process area is protected by automatic sprinklers. 1505.3.3 Dipping liquid temperature control. Protection against the acculiiulation of Yapors, self-ignition and excessively high tcmperatures shall be provided for dipping liquids that are heated directly or hcated by the surfaccs of the object being dipped.
1504.9.2 Yrcqoency. Spraying operations shall not be of a continuous nat~11-c.
1505.3.4 Dip-tank covers. Dip-tank covers :rllowcd by Section 1505.4.1 shall be capable of nianual operation and shall be automatic closing by approved autonlatic-closing devices designed to operate in the event of a firc.
1504.9.3 Ventilation. Pos~tivemeclianical ventilation providing a minimum of six complete air changes per hour shall be installcd. Such system shall meet thc rcquiremcnts of this code for handling flammable vapor areas. Explosion venting is not required.
1505.3.4.1 Construction.Covers shall bc constructed of noneonib~~stible material or be of a tin-clad typc with enclosing metal applied with locl<edj o i ~ ~ t s .
1504.9.4 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 fect (3048 nim) o l the floor and '70 fect (6096 mm) horizontally of thc limited spraying space shall bc dcsigncd for-Class 1, Division 2 locations in accordance with the 1CC Elcctriccrl cod^.
SECTION 1505 DIPPING OPERATIONS 1505.1 General. Dip-tank operations shall coniply with the requirements of Section 1503 and this section. 1505.2 Location of dip-tank operations. Dip-tank operations conducted in buildings used for Group A, I or R occupancics shall be locatcd in a room desigrred for that purpose. equipped with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in accordance with Rziilrlirlg Code. the I~zrerncrtio~ral 1505.3 Construction of dip tanks. Dip tanks shall be const]-ucted in accordance with Sections 1505.3.1 through 1505.3.4.3 and NFPA 34. Dip tanks, including drain boards, shall be constructed of noncombustible ~naterialand their supports shall he of heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry. 1505.3.1 Overflow. Dip tanks greater than 150 gallons (568 L) in capacity or I0 square feet (0.93 m') in liquid surface arca shall be ccluipped with a trapped overtlow pipe leading to an approved location outside the building. Thc bottom of the overflow connection shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) below the top of the tank. 1505.3.2 Bottom drains. Dip tanks greater than 500 gallons (I 893 L) in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains that are arrangcd to autorlraticall y and nianually drain thc tank q ~ ~ i c kin l ythc event of a fire unless the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makcs this inipractical. Manual operation shall be from a safe, accessible location. Wlicre gravity flow is not practicable, autornatic pumps shall be provided. Such drains shall bc trapped 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1505.3.4.2 Supports. Chain or wire ropc shall bc utilized for covcr rupports or operating mcchanisnis. 1505.3.4.3 Closed covers. Covers shall bc kcpt closcd when tanks are not in use. 1505.4Fireprotection. Dip-tank operations shall be protcctcd in accordance with Sections 1505.4.1 through 1504.4.2. 1505.4.1 Fixed fire-extinguishing equipment. An approved automatic firc-extinguishing Eystem or dip-tank cover in accordance w ~ t hSection 1505.7 shall be provided for the following dip tanks: 1. DIPtanks less than 150 gallolls (568 L) in capacity or 10 square fect (0.93 m2) in liquid surfacc arca. 2. Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point bclow 11OoF(43"C)uscd in such manncr that the liquid ternperature could equal or be greater than its flash point kom artificial or natural causcs, and having both a capacity of niorc thau I0 gallons (37.9 L) and a liquid sul-facc area of more than 4 square fect (0.37 m').
1505.4.1.1 Fire-extinguishing systcm. An approved automatic fire-extin_guishing systcm shall be providcd for dip tanks with a 150-gallon (568 L) or more capacity or 10 squarc fcet (0.93 m2) or larger in a liquid surface area. Fire-extinguishing system design shall be in accordance with NFPA 34. 1505.4.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portablc fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 and suitable for flammable and combustible liquid fircs as specified for extra (high) hazard occupancies. 1505.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storagc anti use of ha~ardous materials shall be in accordance with Scctio~is 1503.3 and 1503.4. 1505.6 Sources of'ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Scction 1503.2.
FLAMMABLE FINISHES
1505.7 Ventilation of flammable vapor areas. Flammable vapor arcas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequatc to prevcnt the dangerous accumulation of vapors. Rcquired ventilation systc~nsshall be arranged such that the failure of any vcntilating fan shall automatically stop the dipping conveyor systcm. 1505.8 Conveyor interlock. Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor sy5tcm shall be arranged such that in the cvent of a fire, the conveyor system shall auton~aticallyceasc motion and the required tank bottom drains shall open. 1505.9 Hardening and tempering Hardcning and tempering tanks shall comply with Sections 1505.3 through 1505.3.3, 1505.4.2 and 1505.8 but shall be exempt from other provisions of Scction 1505. 1505.9.1 1,ocation. Tanks shall be located as far as practical from furnaccs and shall not be located on or near combustible floors. 1505.9.2 Hoods. Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other approved venting means, tcrrninating outsidc of the structure to serve as a vent in case of a fire. Such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and proper clearanccs shall be maintained from combustible materials. 1505.9.3 Alarms. Tanks shall bc equipped with a high-tempcraturc limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the tcrnpcrature of thc quenching medium reaches 50°F (10°C) below thc flash point. 1505.9.4 Fire protection. Hardcning and tempering tanks greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity or 25 square fcet (2.3 111:) in liquid surface area shall bc protected by an approvcd automatic Eire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. 1505.9.5 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not be uscd to fill or agitate oil in tanks. 1505.10 Plow-coating operations. Flow-coating operations shall co~nplywith thc requirements for dip tanks. The area of the sump and any arcas on which paint tlows shall be considered to be the area of 11 dip tank. 1505.10.1 Paint supply. Paint shall be suppliedby a gravity tank not exceeding I 0 gallons (38 L) in capacity or by direct low-pressure pumps arranged to shut down auton~aticallyin case of a fire by means of approved heat-actuated deviccs. 1505.11 Koll-coating operations. Roll-coating operations shall comply with Section 1505.10. In roll-coating operations utilizing flammable or conlbustible liquids, sparks from siatic electricity shall bc prevented by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and othcr parts of tnachine~y and equipment and by the installation of static collectors. or by maintaining a conductive atmosphere such as a high relative humidity. SECTION 1506 POWDER COATING 1506.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of pl-otcctivc finishing material applied in dry powder form by a
fluidized bed. an electrostatic fluidized bcd, powder spray guns or electrostatic powder spray guns shall comply with thi5 section. In addition to Section 1506, Scction 1507 shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment used in powder coating opcrations.
1506.2 Location. Powder coat~ngopcrations shall bc conducted in enclosed rooms conbtructed and protcctcd in accordance with Section 1506. 1506.3 Construction of powder coating rooms and booths. Powder coating rooms and booths shall be constructed of noncombustible materials, enclosed powder coating facilities that are ventilated or ventilated spray booths complying with Section 1504.3.2. Exception: Listed spray-booth assemblies that are constructed of other materials shall be allowed. 1506.4 Fire protection. Areas used for powder coating shall be protected by an approved automatic tire-cxtinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. 1506.4.1 Additional protection for fixed systems. Automated powder application equipment shall be protected by the installation of an approvcd. supenised flamc detection apparatus that
3. Activation of an alarm that is audiblc throughout the powder coating room or booth.
1506.4.2 Fire extinguishers. Portablc fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided for areas uscd for powder coating in accordancc with the rcquirc~ncntsfor an extra hazard occupancy. 1506.5 Operation and maintenance. Powder coating areas shall be kept free froni the accumulation of powdcr coating dusts, including horizontal s~irfacessuch as Icdgcs, beams, pipes. hoods, booths and floors. 1506.5.1 Cleaning. Surfaces shall bc cleaned in such a manner so as to avoid scattering dusts to other placcs or creating dust clouds. Vacuum sweeping equipment shall bc of a typc approved for use in hazardous locations. 1506.6 Sources of ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Sectio~ls1503.2 and 1506.6.1 through 1506.6.4. 1506.6.1 Drying, curing and fitsion equipment. Drying, curing and fusion equiprncnt shall comply with Chapter 2 I. 1506.6.2 Spark-producingmetals. Iron or spark-producing metals shall be prevented froni being introduced into thc powders being applied by magnetic separators, filter-typc separators or by othcr approved means. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE FINISHES
1506.6.3 Preheated parts. When parts are heated prior to coating. the temperature of the parts shali not exceed the ignition tcn~peraturcof the powder to b e used.
5 . Disconnection of powel to Lhe high-voltage elements in the flammable vapor arcas and disconnection of power to the system.
1506.6.4 Grounding and bonding. Precautions shall be talten to minimize the possibility of ignition by static electrical sparlts through static bonding and grounding. where possible, of powder transport, application and recovery equipment.
1507.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, ~naintcnance,storage and use of hazrtrdous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.3. 1503.4 and Sections 1507.5.1 anti 507.5.2.
1506.7 Ventilation. Exhaust ventilation shall be sufficient to maintain the atmosphere helow onc-half the lllirlimum explosive concentration for the material being applied. Nondeposited. air-suspended powders shall be removed through exhaust ducts to the powder recovery system.
1507.5.1 Iblainten:ance. Insulators shall 1,c kept clean and dry. Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall bc removable and taken to a safe place for cleaning. 1507.5.2 Signs. Signs shall be postcd to provide the following information: 1 . Designate the process zonc as dangerous with respect
to fire and accident. SECTION 1507 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS 1507.1 General. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with paint-spraying and paint-detenring operations shall be of an approved type.
1507.2 Location and clear space. A space of at least twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between goods being paintcd or deteared and electrodes, electrostatic atomizing heads or conducrors. A sign stating the sparking distance sl~all be conspicuously posted near the assembly. 1507.3 Construction of equipment. Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing hcads shall be of approved con\truction. rigidly supported in permanent locat~onsand effectively insulatcd from ground. Insulntors shall be nonporous and noncombusti ble. 1507.3.1 Barriers. Booths. fencing, railings or guanls shall be placcd about the equipment such h a t either by their location or character, or both, isolation of the process is ii~aintained from plant storage and personnel. Railings, fellcing and guards shall be of conductive material. adequately grounded and shall be at lcast 5 feet (1524 mm) from proccssing equipment. 1507.4 Fire protection. Areas used for electrostatic spray finishing with fixed equipment shall be protected with an ap~rovedautomatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9 and Section 1507.4.1. 1507.4.1 Protection for automated liquid electrostatic spray application equipment. Automated liquid electrostatic spray application equipmcnt shall be protected by the installation of an approved, supervised flame detection upparatus that shall, in the event of ignition. react to the plcscnce of flame within 0.5 second and shall acco~nplish all of the following: I . Activation of a local alarril in the vicinity of the spraying operation and activation of the huilding alarm system, if such il system is provided. 2. Shutting down of the coating material delivery systc111. 3. Tcrn~inationof all spray application operations 4. Stopping oiconveyors into and out of the flam~nablc vapor areas. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2. ldentify the grounding requirements for all clectrically conductive ohjects in the flammable vapor arca. including persons.
3. Restrict access to qualified personnel only.
1507.6 Sources of ignition. Transformers, power packs: control apparatus and all other electrical portions of the equipment, except high-voltage grids and electrostatic atomizing heads and connections, shall be located outside of thc flammable vapor areas or shall comply with Section 1503.2. 1507.7 Ventilation. The flammable vapor area shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 1504.7. 1507.8 Emergency shutdown. Electrostatic apparatus shall be e equipped with automatic controls operating without t i n ~ delay to disconnect the power supply to the high-vollage transformer and signal the operator under any of the fnllowing coriditions: I. Stoppage of ventilating fans or failurc of ventilating equipment from any cause. 2. Stoppage of the conveyor carrying articles past the high-voltage grid. 3. Occurrence of a grou~idor an imminent ground at any point of the high-voltage systcm. 4. Reduction of cleal-anccbelow that rccluired in Section 1507.2.
1507.9 Ventilation interlock. Hand electrostatic equipnrcnt shall be interlocked with theventilation system forthc spraying area so that the equipment cannot be operated unlcss thc ventilating systcm is in operation. SECTION 1508 ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND QUAL-COMPONENTCOATINGS 1508.1 General. Sprayins operations irlvolving the use of organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 1505 and this section.
1508.2 Use of organic peroxide coatings. Spraying opcrations i~ivolvingthe usc of organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall he contlucted in approved sprinklered spray booths con~plyillgwith Section 1504.3.2.
FLAMMABLE FINISHES
1508.3 Equipmcnt. Spray guns and rclated handling equipment used with organic peroxides shall be of a type manufactured for such LISC. 1508.3.1 Pressure tanks. Scpwate pressure vesscls and inscrts spccifically for thc application shall be used for the resin and for the organic peroxide, and shall not be interchanged. Organic pcroxide prcssure tank inscrts shall be constructed of stainless steel or polyethylene. 1508.4 Housekeeping, ~naintenance,storage and use of hazardous materials. Houseltecping, maintenance, storage and usc of hazardous materials shall bc in accordance with Sections 1503.3 and 1503.4 and Scctions 1508.4.1 through 1508.4.7. 1508.4.1 Contamination prevention. Organic peroxide initiators shall not bc contaminated with foreign substances. 1508.4.2 Spilled material. Spilled organic peroxides shall be promptly removcd so there arc no residues. Spilled material absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent shall be promptly disposed of in accordance with the nlanufacturer's rcco~lnncndation. 1508.4.3 Residue control. Materials shall not bc contaminated by dusts and overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic pcroxides. 1508.4.4 Handling. Handling of organic pcroxides shall bc conducted in a manner that avoids shoclc and friction that produccs decornposition and violent reaction hazards. 1508.4.5 Mixing. Organic peroxides shall not bc mixed directly with accelerators or promoters. 1508.4.6 Personnel qualifications. Personnel worlung with organic pcroxides and dual-component coatings shall be spccifically trained to work with thesc matel-ials. 1508.4.7 Storage. Thc storage of organic peroxides shall cornply with Chaptcr 39. 1508.5 Sourccs of ignition. Only nonsparking tools shall be used in areas whcrc organic peroxides are stored, mixed or applicd.
SECTION 1509 INDOOR MANUFACTURING OF REINFORCED PLASTICS 1509.1 General. Indoor manufacturing processes involving spray or hand application of reinforced plastics and using more than 5 gallons (1 9 1,) of resin in a 24.-hour period shall bc in accordance with this section. 1509.2 Resin application cquipment. Equipment used for spray application bf resin shall be installed and used in accordance with Scctions 1508 and 1509. 1509.3 Fire protection. Resin application arcas shall be protccted by an automatic sprinklcr system. The sprinkler system design shall not be lcss than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minin~umdcsign arca of 3.000 square fcet (279 m2).Whcrc the nlaterials or storage arrangements arc required by othcr re~ulationsto be provided with a highcr level of sprin-
lcler system protection. the higher levcl of sprinklcr system protection shall be providcd.
1509.4 Housekeeping, maintenance, storage slid use of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintcnance, storage and use of hazardous niatcrials shall be in accordance with Scctions 1503.3 and 1503.4 and Sections 1509.4.1 through 1509.4.3. 1509.4.1 Handling of excess catalyzed resin. A noncombustible, opcn-top container shall he providcd for disposal of excess catalyzcd rcsin. Exccss catalyzed resin shall be drained into the container while still in the liquid statc. Enough watcr shall bc provided in thc containcr to ) laycr over the maintain a minimurn 2-inch (5 1 m ~ n water contained rcsin. 1509.4.2 Control of overchop. In arcas wherc choppcr guns are used, cxposed wall and floor surfaces shall be covered with paper, polyethylene film or other approvcd material to allow for removal of overchop. Ovcrchop shall be allowed to curc for not less than 4 hours prior to rcmoval. 1509.4.2.1 Disposal. Following rcmoval, used wall 2nd tloor covering materials required by Section 1509.4.2 shall be placcd in a noncombustible containcr and re~novcdfrom the facility. 1509.4.3 Storage and use of hazardous materials. Storage and usc of organic peroxides shall be in accordancc with Section 1508 and Chapter 39. Storagc and use of flam~nable and co~nbustibleliquids shall he in accordance with Chapter 34. Storage and use of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accordance with Chapter 43. 1509.5 Sourccs of ignition in resin application areas. Sources of ignition in rcsin application arcas shall comply with Section 1503.2. 1509.6 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation shall bc provided throughout resin application areas in accordance with Section 1504.7. Thc ventilation rate shall bc adcquatc to maintain thc concentration of flammable vapors in the resin application arca at or below 25 perccnt of the LIT. Exception: Mechanical vcntilation is not rcquircd for buildings that havc 75 percent of thc pcrirneter unenclosed. 1509.6.1 1,ocal ventilation. Local vcntilation shall be provided inside of workpicces where pcrsonncl will be undcr or inside of the workpiecc. SECTION 1510 FLOOR SURFAClNG AND FINISHING OPERATIONS 1510.1 Scope. Floor surfacing and finishing opcrations exceeding 350 sqnarc fcct (33 m2jand using Class I o r 11 liquids shall comply with Sections 1510.2 through 1510.5. 1510.2 Mechanical sgsteln operation. llcating. vcntilation and air-conditioning systems shall not bc operatcd during resurfacing or refinishing operations or within 4 hours of the application of flammable or combustible liquids. 1510.3 Business operation. Hoor surfacing and finishing operations shall not bc conductcd while an establishment is open to the public. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE FINISHES
1510.4 l g ~ ~ i t i osources. n Thc power shall be shut down to all elccll.ical sources of ignitiou within the flammable vapor area: unlcss those devices are classified for use i n Class I. Division 1 hazardous locations.
1510.5 Ventilation. To prevent the acc~~mulation or flammable vapors, mechanical ventilation at a ~ninirnumrate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot r0.00508 m3 /(s . m2)l of area being finished shall be provided. Such exhaust shall be by approved tcinporary or portable means. Vapors s11all bc exhausted to thc exterior of the building.
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CHAPTER 16
FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING SECTION 3603 GENERAL 1601.1 Scope. Ripening processes where ethylene gas is introduced into a room to pronlote the ripening of fruits, vegetables and other crops shall comply with this chapter. Exception: Mixtures of ethylene and one or Inore inert gascs in concentrations which prevent thcgas Irom reaching greater than 25 percent of the lou~erexplosive limit (LEL) whcri released to thc atmosphere.
Exception: Electric or file]-fired heatcrs approvedfor use in hazardous (classified) locations which arc in>lalled and operated in accordance w ~ t hthe applicable provisions of the ICC Electrical Cnrle. the Intertzutionul1Mec~l?ut~ic~cil Code or the Internatior7~llF~relGns Code.
1601.2 Permits. Pcrmits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 1605 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE 1605.1 PIousekecping. Empty boxes, cartons. pallets and othcr
1601.3 Ethylene generators. Approved ethylene generators shall bc operated and maintained in accordance with Section 1 606.
combustible waste shall be re~noveclfrom ripening rooms or enclosures and disposed of at regular intervals in accordance with C11aptc1-3.
SECTION 1602 DEFlNlTlONS 1602.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and tenns used in
SECTiON 1606 ETHYLENE GENERATORS 1606.1 Ethylene generators. Ethylenc generators shall be
this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.
SECTION 1603 ETHYLENE GAS 1603.1 Location. Ethylenc gas shall bc discharged only into approved rooms or enclosures designed and const~uctedfor this purpose. 160'3.2 Dispensing. Valves controlling discharge of ethylene shall provide positivc and fail-closed control of flow and shall be sct to lirnit the concentration of gas in air below 1.000 parts per million (ppm).
SECTION 1604 SOURCES OF lGNlTlON 1604.1 Ignition prevention, Sourccs of ignrtion shall be controlled or protcctcrl in accordance with this section and Chapter e
3.
1604.2 Electl-icai wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring
I and equipment, including luminaires, shall be approvcdfor use in Class I, Divisicm 2, Group C hazardous (classified) locations.
1604.3 Static electricity. Containers, piping artd equipment used to dispensc ethylcne shall bc bonded and grounded to prevent the discharge of static spar-ks or arcs.
B
1604.5 Hcating. Hcating .;hall be by indirect means utilizing lour-pressure stcam, hot water, or warm air.
16M.4 Lighting. Lighting shall be by appr-ovecielectric lamps or luminaires only.
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listed and labeled by an approved testing laboratory. approved by the fire code official and used only in approvcd rooms in accordance with the ethylene generator manufacturer's instructions. Thc listing evaluation shall inclucle docu~ncntation that the concentration of ethylene gas cloes not cxcccd 25 percent of the lowcr explosive limit (LEL).
1606.2 Ethylene generator rooms. Ethylenc generators shall be used in rooms having a volume of not I c s ~ than 1.000 cubic feet (28 m3). Roorns shall have air circulation to ensure even distribution of ethylene gas and &hallbe free from sparks. open flames or othcr ignitiori sources.
SECTION 1607 WARNING SIGNS 1607.1 Whcn rcyuircd. Approved waruing signs indicating the danger involved and necessary precautions shall be posted on all doors and entrances to the prcrniscs.
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CI-IAPTEW 19
FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING SECTION 1701 GENERAL 1701.1 Scope. Fumigation and thennal insccticidal fogging opcrations within structures shall comply with thls chaptcr. 1701.2 I'ennits. Pcrnmits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 1702 DEFINITIONS 1702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall. for thc purposcs of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere ill this code. have the meanings shown herein.
FUMIGANI'.
A substance which try itself or in combination with any other substanceemits or liberates agas, fume or vapor utilized for the destruction or control of insects, fungi, vernlin. gemis, rats or other pests, and shall be distinguished from insecticides and disinfectants which are essentially effectivc in the solid or liquid phases. Examples are methyl bromide, cthylcne dihrornide, hydrogcn cyanide, carbon disulfidc kind sulh~rylfluoride.
FUMIGATION. The utilization within an enclosed spacc of a fumigant in concentrations that are hrtzardous or acutely toxic to hurrlans. TIIEIIMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGlKG. The utilization of insccticidal liquids passed through thennal fog-gcncrating units wherc. by means of heat, pressure and turbulence, such liquids are transformecl and dischargcd in the form of fog or mist hlown into an arca to be treated.
SECTION 1703 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1703.1 General. Structurcs in which fumigation and thcrmal insccticidal fogging operations are conductcd shall cornply with thc tire protection and safety requirements of Sections 1703.2 through 1703.7.
1703.2 Sources of ignition. Fires, open flames and similar sources ot igmt~onshall bc climinated from the space undcr fumigation or thcrmal insecticidal fogging. Healing, wherc needed, shall be of an approved type. 1703.2.1 Electricity. Electricity shall bc shut off. Exception: Circulating fans that havc been specifically des~gncdtor utili~ationin hazardous atmospheres and installed in accordance with the ICC Elecrricnl COL~P. 1703.3 Notification. Thc fire codc official and fil-echief shall hc notified in writing at least 24 hours before thc structure is to bc closed in connection with the utilization of any tosic or flammable fumigant. Notification shall give the location of the ellcloscd space to be fumigated or fogged, the occuparlcy, thc fi~n~igants or insecticides to be utilized, the person or persons 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
responsible for the operation. and the date and tinlc at which the opcration will begirl. Notice of any f~unigationor thcrmal insecticidal fogging shall be served with sufficient advance notice to thc occupants of thc encloscd space involvcd to cnahlc the occupants to evacuate the premises.
1703.3.1 Warning signs. Approved warning signs indicating thc danger, type of chemical involvcd and ncccssary precautions shall be posted on all doors and entrances to the premises and upon all gangplanks and ladders from the deck, pier or land to the ship. Such notices shal! bc printed in rcd ink on a white background. Letters in the headlines shall be at least 2 inches (5 1 rnm) in height and shall state thc date and time of the opcration, the name and address of thc person, the name of the operator in charge, and a warning stating that the occupied premises shall bc vacated at lcasl 1 hour before the operation begins and shall not bc reentered until the danger signs have been ren~ovedby the proper authorities. 1703.32 Breathing apparatus. Persons cngaged iu the business 01 fumigation or themial insecticidal fogging shall maintain and havc available approved protective breathing apparatus. 1703.3.3 Watch personnel. Dur-ing the period f~~migation is in progress, except when fumigation is conducted in a gas-tight vault or tank. a capable, alert watchcr shall remain on duty at thc entrance or erllranccs to the enclosed fulnigated spacc until after the fumigation is completed and thc premises properly ventilated and safe for occupancy. Suftlcient watchers shall be provided to prevcnt persons from entering the enclosed spacc under fulnigation without being obscrved. 1703.4 T h e m d insecticidal foggi~~g liquids. Thermal ~nrccticidal togging liquids with a flash point bclow 100°F (38°C) shall not be utilized. 1703.5 Sealingofhi~ildings.Papcr and other similar n~atcrials that do not mcet the flame propagation pcrformancc criteria of NFPA 701 shall not be uscd to wrap or cover a building in excess of that required for the sealing of cracks, cascrncnts and similar opcnings. 1703.6 Venting and cleanup. At thc end of the exposure period, fumigators shall safely and properly ventilate thc prcmises and contents; properly dispose of fumigant containers, ~.esidues,debris and other materials used for such fullligation: and clear obstructions from pas-fired appliance vcnts. 1703.7 Flammable fulitigants restricted. Thc use ot carbon disulfidc and hydrogen cynnidc shall be rcstrictccl to agrlcultural tum~gation 175
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CHAPTER '18
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES SECTION 1801 GENERAL 1801.1 Scope. Senriconductor fabrication facilities and comparable rcscarch and developlnent areas classified as Group 14-5 shall comply with this chapter and {heIr7rer11ntioriulBuildill,?Code. The use, storagc and handling of hazardous materials in Group W-5 shall comply with this chapter, other applicable provisions of this code and thc hiter~nutiorztrlRrlilding Code.
WPM FLAMMABLE LIQUII). An HPM liquid that is dcfined as either a Class 1 flammable liquid or a Class 11 or Class IllA combustible liquid.
EIPM ROOM. ,4 room used in conjunction with or serving a Group H-5 occupancy. where HPM is stored or used and which is classified as a Group 11-2, H-3 or 11-4 occupancy. PASS-THKOUGII. An enclosurc installed In a wall with a door on each side that allowr chemicals. HPM, equipnlcnt, and
1801.2 Application. The rccjuirements set forth in this chapter arc rcquiremcnts specific only to Group H-5 and shall be
parts to bc transferred from one side of the wall to the othcr.
applicd as esceptio~isor additions to applicable requiremer~lh set forth clscwherc in this code.
building or a portion of a building in which clcctrical circuits or devices are creatcd on solid crystalline substances having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than conductors. These circuits or dcviccs are commonly known as semicor~cluctors.
1801.3 Multiple hazards. Wherc a ~naterialposes multiplc hazards, all hazards shall bc addressed in accordance with Section 1701.1. 1801.4 Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas. Existing buildings and existing fabrication areas shall comply with this chapter, except that transportation and handling of HYM in cxit acccss corridors and exit enclosurcs shall be with Secdon 1805.3.2 and the allowed whcn in co~nplii~ncc
Ilitenaatiolzul R~~iidin,q CocJe.
1801.5 Permits. Pc~mitsshall bc required as set f o ~ t hin Section 105.6.
SECTION 1802 DEFINITIONS 1802.1 Definitions, n ~ followinge words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown hercin. CONTINUOUS GAS DISTEC'I'ION SYSTEM. A gas detection systcln whcrc the analytical instrument is maintained in continuous operation and sampling is pelfortned without inter]-uption. Analysis is allowed to be performed on a cyclical basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes. EMEKGENCY CONTROL STATION. An approved location on thc prernises where signalh from cmergclicy cquip~nent are rcccivcd and which is staffed by trained personnel.
FABRICATION AREA. An area within a semiconductor fabrication facility and relatcd rcsearch and development arcas in which there arc proccsscs using hazardous production matcrials. Such areas ;ire allowed to includc ancillary rooms or areas such as dressing rooms and officcs that are directly related to the fabrication arca processes.
HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MA'L'ERIAL (RPM). A solid, liquid 01-gas associated with scmiconductor manufacturing that has a dcglce-of-hazard rating in hcalth, tlammability or reactivity of Class 3 or 3 as rankcd by NFPA 704 and which is uscd directly in rcscarch, laboratory or production processes which havc as thcir end product malerials that are not hazardous. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. A
SERVICE CORRIDOR. A fully enclosed passage used for transporting HPM and purposes othel- than rcquired means of egress.
TOOL. A device, storagc container, workstation, or proccss machinc uscd in a fabrication arca.
WORKSTATION. A defincd spacc or an indepe~rdcntprincipal piece of equipment using HPM within a fabrication arca where a specific function, laboratory procedure or rcscarch activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous inaterials storage cabincts, flammable liquid storagc cabincts or gas cabincts scrving a worhstalion arc included ns part of the worl<station.A fire workstation is allowed to contain ventilation ecluipn~cr~t, protection devices, detection de\ciccs, clcctrical devices and other processing and sciciltific equipment.
SECTION 1803 GENERAL SAFETY PROVlSiONS 1803.1 Emergency control station. An enlcrgcncy control station shall be provided in accol-dar~ccuith Scctions 1803.1.1 through 1803.1.3.
1803.1.3 Location. The cmcrgcncy control station shall bc located on the premises at an approvcd location outsidc thc fabrication area. 1803.1.2 Stafiing. Trained pcrronncl \hall continuously staff the emergency control station. 1803.1.3 Signals. The cmeI1gencycontrol station shall rcceive signals from emergency equipment and alarm and cictcction systems. Such emergency equipment and darn1 and detection systclns shall includc, but not be li~nitcclto, the following anhcre such equipment or systcrns are rcquircd to be providcd either in this chapter or elsc\vhcrc in this codc: I . Automatic sprinkler systcm alarm and monitoring systems. 2. Manual tirc a l a m ~systcrns
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
3. Ernergcncy alarm systems. 4. Contir~uousgas dctcction systcnis. 5. Smoke detection systems. 6. Emergency power system. 7. Automatic detection a n d alarm s v s t e m s f o r pyrophoric licluids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids required by Scction 1805.2.3.5. 8. E x h a u s t ventilation f l o w alarm d e v i c e s f o r pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust ventilation systems required by Section 1805.2.3.5.
1803.2 Systems, equipment and processes. Systems, equipment and processes shall be in accordance with Sections 1803.3.1 through 1803.2.3.2. 1803.2.1 Application. Systcms, equipment and processes shall include, but not be limited to, containers, cylinders, tanks. piping, tubing, valves and fittings. 1803.2.2 General requirements. In addition to the requiremcnts in Section 1803.2, systems. equipment and processes shall also comply with Section 2703.2, other applicable provisions of this code, thc Iizto7turior~dBuildir~gCode and the hterii~1tio17nl il.lec/ra~~icul Code. 1803.2.3 Additional requirements for HPM supply piping, In addition to the requirements in Scction 1803.2, I-IPM supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids shall colnply with this section. 1803.2.3.1 General requirements. The requirements set foith in Section 2703.2.2.2 shall apply to supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids. 1803.2.3.2 Health-hazard ranking 3 or 4 HPNI. Supply piping and tubing for HPM gases and liquids having a health-h;~z;~rd ranking of 3 or 4 shall be welded through, except for connections located within a ventilation enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved method of drainagc or coutainment provided for co~lnectionsif the material is a liquid. 1803.3 Construction requirements. Construction of semiconductor fabrication facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 1803.3.1 through 1803.3.9.
1803.3.7 Gas rooms. Gas room4 shall comply with Section 2703.8.4. 1803.3.8 Service corridors. Service corridors shall comply with Section 1805.3 and the I~it~rrzatioranl B ~ ~ i l d i Code. rl~ 1803.3.9 Cabinets containing pyrophoric liquids or water-reactive Class 3 liquids. Cabincts in Cabricatio~i areas containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 water-reactive liqu~dsi n containcrs or in amounts greater than 0.5 gallon (2 L) shall comply with Section 1805.2.3.5. 1803.4 Emergency plan. An emergency plan shall be cstablishcd as set forth in Section 408.4. 1803.5 Maintenance of equipment, machinery and processes. Maintenance of equipment, machincry and processes shall comply with Section 2703.2.6. 1803.6 Security of areas. Areas shall be secured in accordancc with Section 2703.9.2. 1803.7 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and equipment in HPM facilities shall comply with Sections 1803.7.1 through 1803.7.3. 1803.7.1 Fabrication areas. Electrical wiring and equipment in fabrication areas shall comply with the ICC Elcctricnl Code. 1803.7.2 Workstations. Electrical equipment and devices within 5 feet (1524 mm) of workstations in which flammable or pyrophoric gases or flamn~ableliquids are used shall comply with the ICC Electricul Code for Class 1, Division 2 hazardous locations. Workstations shall not be energized without adequate exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 1803.14. Exception: Class I, Division 2 hazardous electrical equipment is not required when the air removal from the workstation or dilution will prevent the accun~ulationof flammable vapors and fumes on a cont~nuousbasis. 1803.7.3 Hazardous production material (I-IPM)rooms, gas rooms and liquid storage rooms. Electrical wiring and equipment in NPM rooms. gas rooms and liquid storage rooms shall comply with the 1CC Electricul Code. '1803.8Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Hazardous materials shall not be used or stored in exit access corridors or exit access enclosures.
1803.3.1 Fabrication areas. Construction and location of fabrication areas shall co~llplywith the Ikiterkluhorlni B ~ ~ i l d - 1803.9 Service corridors. Hazardous materials shall not be used in all open-system use condition in service corridors. iizg Code. 1803.10 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic 1803.3.2 Pass-throughs in exit access corridors. sprinkler system shall be provided in accordancc with Sections Pass-throughs in exit access corridors shall be constructed 1803.10.1 through 1803.10.5 and Chapter 9. in accordance with the httcrrtutioizcil B~lildingCode. 1803.10.1 Workstations and tools. Thedesign of the sprin1803.3.3 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms shall kler system in thc area shall takc into consideration the spray Building Cocle. comply with Chaptcr 34 and the Ii~tel-rlntioiral pattern and the effect on the equipment. 1803.3.4 Hl'M rooms. HPM rooms shall comply with the 1803.10.1.1 Combustible workstations. A sprinkler haterriutionul Blrildi'ir~gCode. head shall be installed within each branch exhaust con1803.3.5 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall comply with nection or individual plcnums of workstations of cornSection 2703.8.6. bustible construction. The sprinkler head in the exhaust connection or plcnum shall be located not more than 2 1803.3.6 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted enclosures feet ( 5 10 mm) from the point of the duct connection or shall comply with Section 2703.8.5. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
rhc connection to thc plenum. When necessary to prevent corrosion, thc sprirtklcr head and conncctinp piping i n thc duct shall be coated with approved or listed corrosion-resistant matcrials. The sprinklcr hcad shall bc acccssiblc for pcriodic inspection.
Exceptions:
I . Approved alternative automatic firc-extin-
1803.10.4.2 Combustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts. An approvcd automatic sprinklcr systcnl shall bc provided in combustible nonrnetallic exhaust ducts whcn the largest cross-sectional diamctcr of theduct is c q ~ ~toa l or greater than I0 inchcs (254 mm).
guishing systcms are allowed. Activation of such systcms shall deactivate the related processing equipment.
Exceptions: 1. Ducts listed or approved for applications wiL11out automatic sprinklcr system protection.
2. Process cquipmcnt which operates at tcmperatures cxcecd~ng932°F (500°C) and is provided with automatic shutdown capabilities for ha7ardous materials.
2. Ducts not more than 12 fcet 13658 mm) in lcngth installed below ceiling level.
3. Exhaust ducts 10 inchcs (254 mm) or less in diameter from flammable gas storage cabinets that are part of a workstation. 4. Ducts lisled or approved for use without internal automatic sprinklcr protection.
1803.10.1.2 Combustible tools. Wherc the horizontal surface of a combustible tool is obstructcd from ceiling sprinkler discharge, automatic sprinklcr protection that covcrs thc horizontal surface of the tool shall hc provided. Exceptions: 1. An automatic gaseous fire-extinguishing local surfacc application qyctern shall be allowcdas an altcrnat~vcto sprinklers. Gaseous-cvtinguishing sy5terns shall be actuatcd by ~nfrared(LR) or ultr:~violet/infrarcd(UVIR) optical detectors. 7. Tools constructed of matcrials that are listed or
approved for w e without internal fire extinguishing system protection.
1803.10.2 Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. An approvcd automatic sprin1;lcr system shall be providcd in gas cabinets and exhausted cnclosurcs containing HPM compressed gascs. Exception: Gas cabinets located in an HPM room other than thosc cabinets containing py~olrhoricgascs. 1803.10.3 Pass-throughs in existing exit access corridors. Pass-throughs in existing cxit access corridors shall bc protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
4
3. The ducts are conveying flam~nablcgascs, vapors 1 or fumes.
1803.10.4 Exhaust ducts for NYM. An approved automatic sprinkler systcm shall be provided in exhaust ducts convcyiny gases. vapors, fumes, mists or dusts generated Si-orr~I-IPM in accordance with this section and the Ii7terizatiorzul .Mec/~nrziccrlCode. 1803.10.4.1 Metallic and noncomhirstible nonmetallic exl~austducts. An approved auto~naticsprinkler system shall be provided in metallic and noncombustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts when all of the following conditions apply:
1803.10.4.3 Exhaust colinections and plenums of combustible worl<stations.Automatic fire-cxtinguishing system protection for exhaust connections and plcnums of combustible workstations shall comply with Section 1807.14.1. 1803.10.4.4 Exhaust duct sprinkler systcm rcquirements. Automatic sprinklcrs installcd in exhaust cluct systems shall be hydraulically designed to provide 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm) (1.9 Ll~uin)ovcr an area derived by mu!tiplying the distance betwecn the sprinklcrs in a horizontal duct by the width of thc duct. Minimum discharge shall be 20 g p ~ n(76 Ll~ninjper sprinliler from the five hydraulically most remote sprinklcrs. 1803.10.4.4.1 Sprinkler head locations. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed a1 1'2-foot (3658 mm) intervals in hor~zontalducts and at changes in dircction. In vcrtical runs, aulornatic sprinklers shall be installcd at the top and at alternutc floor lc\rcls. 1803.10.4.4.2 Control valve. A separate indicating control valve shall be provided for sprinklcrs installcd in exhaust ducts. 1803.10.4.4.3 Drainage. Drainage shall be providcd to remove sprinkler water discharger1 in exhaust clucts. 1803.10.4.4.4 Corrosive atmospheres. Wherc corroslve atmosphercs exisl, exhau5t duct 5pr1nlclcrs and pipe fittings shall bc manufactured of corrosionresistant materials or contcd with app~ovedmateriala. 1803.10.4.4.5 Maintenance and inspection. Sprinklers in exhaust ducts shall be acccssible for periodic inspection and mainlcnancc. 1803.10.5 Sprinkler alarms and supervision. Automaiic sprinkler systcms shall be electrically supervised and providcd with alarms in accordance with Chaptcr 9. Automatic sprinlilcr systeiii alal-in and supervisory signals shall be transmitted to the emcrgencp control station.
I . When the largest cross-sectional diameter is equal
1803.11 Manual fire alarm system. A manual firc alarm systcui shall be installed throughout buildings containing a Croup H-5 occupancy. Activation of the alarm system sh;~llinitiate a local alarrn and transmit a signal to the emergency control station. Manual fire alarm systems shall bc designcd and installed in accordance with Section 907.
to or greatcr than 10 inches (254 mnl). 2. 'l'hc ducts are within Lhc building.
1803.12 Enicrgcncy alarm system. Emergency alarm systerns shall be providcd in accorda~lccwith Scct~ons1803.12.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
through 1803.12.3. Section 2704.9 and Scction 2705.4.4. Thc n~axiinumallowable quantity pcr control area provisions of Section 2704.1 shall not apply to cmergency alann systems rccluired for HPM.
1803.12.1 Where required. Erncrgency alarm systems shall be providcd in the areas indicated in Sections 1803.12.1.1 through 1803.l2.1.3. 1803.12.1.1Service corridors. An approvcd emergcncy alarm system shall be provided in service corridors, with at least onc alarm device in thc servicc corridor. 1803.12.1.2Exit access corridors and exit enclosures. Emergency alanns for exit access corridors and exit enclosures shall coinply with Scction 2705.4.4. 1803.12.1.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPM roonis and gas rooms. Emcrgency alarins for liquid storage rooms, HPM roonw and gas rooms shall comply with Section 2704.9. 1803.12.2 Alarm-initiating devices. An approvcd emergcncy tclcphone systcm, local alarm inanual pull stations, or other approved alarm-initiating devices are allowed to be used as emcrgcncy alarm-initiating devices. 1803.12.3 Alarm signals. Activation of tlic cmergcncy alai-n~systcrrl shall sound a local alarm and transmir a signal to the emergency control station.
0
1803.13Continuous gas detection systcms. A continuous gas dctection systcm shall bc provided for HPM gases when the physiological warning threshold lcvcl of the gas is at a higher level than the acccpied pcr~nissiblecxposurc liinit (PEL) for the pas and for flammable gases in accordance with Sections 1803.13.1 through 1803.13.2.2. 1803.13.1 Where required. A contiriuous gas detcction systcm shall he provided in the areas identified in Sections 1 S03.13. I. l through 1803.13.1.4. 1803.13.1.1Falwication areas. A continuous gas dctect ~ o nsystcm shall bc prov~dcdin fabrication area5 when gas is used in the fabricat~onarca. 1803.13.1.2 HPNI rooms. A continuous gas detection systcm shall be provided in HPM rooms whcn gas is used in thc room. 1803.13.1.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms. A continuous gas detection system shall be providcd in gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures. A continuous gas dctcction system shall be prov~dcdin gas rooms when gascs are not located in gas cabinets or exhaustcd enclosures. 1803.13.1.4 Exit access corridors. Whcn gases are transported in piping placed within the space defined by the walls of an cxit access corridor and thc floor or roof abovc the cxit access corridor, a continuous gas detecrion systcm shall bc provided wherc piping is locatcd and in the exit acccss corridor. Exception: A continuous gas dctection system is not rcquired for occasional transverse crossings of the corridors by supply piping which is encloscd in a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corridor.
1803.13.2 Gas detection sy-sternoperation. Thc continuous gas dctcction systcrn sliall be capablc of monitoring tlic room. area or equipment in which the gas is located at or below thc perinissible exposurc limit (PEL) or cciling limit of the gas for which detection is provided. For flammable gases, the monitoring detection threshold lcvcl shall bc vapor concentrations in excess of 20 pcrccnt of the lower flainmablc limit (LFL). Monitoring for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also coinply with Chapcer 37. 1803.13.2.1Alarms. The gas detcction system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to the emergency control station whcn a shoit-term hazard condilion is dctectcd. Thc alarm shall be both visible and audible and shall provide warning both insidc and outsidc thc area wherc thc gas is detectcd. Thc audiblc alarm shall be distinct from all other alarms. 1803.13.2.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas detcction systern shall auton~aticallyclose the shutoff valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system bcing monitored for which gas is dctectcd when a shorr-term hazard condition is detected. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall comply with the following: 1. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating thc gas detection system alarm is within a gas cahinet or exhausted enclosurc. the shutoff valve in the gas cabinet or exhaustcd enclosure for the spccific gas detected shall automatically close.
2. Whcre the gas-detcction sampling point initiating the gas dctection system alarm is within a room and compressed gas containcrs arc not in gas cabinets or exhaustcd enclosurc, thc shutoff v,'i I vcs on all gas lines for the specific gas detcctetl shall autonlatically close.
3. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection systcm alarm is within a piping distribution manifold enclosure, the shutoff valve supplying the manifold for Ihe comprcsscd gas container of the specific gas dctected shall automatically close. Exception: Vllherc the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alann is at thc use location or within agas valve enclosure of a branch linc downstream of apiping distribution manifold, the shutoff valve for the branch line located in the piping dihtribut~onmanifold enclosure shall automatically close. 1803.14Exhaust ventilation sy stems for ICPM. Exhaust vcntilation systcms and materials for exhaust ducts utilized for the exhaust ot HPM shall comply with Sections 1803.14.1 through 1803.14.3. other applicable provisions of this codc, thc It7tenz~1tiorzul Buildirr~Code and the hitertlutio~ialMechn~iicalCode. 1803.14.1 Where required. Exhaust vcntilation systcins shall be provided in thc. following locations in accordance with thc requirements of this section and thc Irzten~atiorrtrl Building Codc: 1. Fabrica~ionarcas: Exhaust vcntilation for fabrication areas shall comply with thc hlter.rzntiotrul Rllildirlg 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
Code. Thc firc code official is nuthorizcd to rccluire atlditional manual control switches.
8. Automatic sprinlilcr system monitoring and alarm systems.
2. Workstations: A ventilation system shall bc provided
9. Automatic alarm and detection systems for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-rcact~veliquids required in Section 1805.2.3.5. 10. Flow alarm switches for pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 watcr-reactive liquids cabinet exhaust vcntllation systems requircd in Section 1805.2.3.5. 1 I . Electrically operated systcms rcquircd elsewhcrc in ~~ this code or in the Irlternutional B ~ i i l c l i iCode applicable to the use, storage or handling of HPM.
to capture and exhaust gases, funlcs and vapors at \+orkstat~ons. 3. Liquid storage rooms: Exhaust ventilation for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Section 2704.3.1 and the hitet~~utio~zc~l Blrildin~Code. 4. HPh4 rooms: Exhaost ventilation for HPM rooms shall comply with Section 2704.3.1 and the lnte~.izcltioizcil B~lildiizgCorle.
5. Gas cabinets: Exhaust ventilation Tor gas cabinets shall comply with Section 2703.8.6.2. The gas cabinet ventilation system is allowed toconnect toa workstation ventilation system. Exhaust vcntilation for gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic gases shall also comply with Chapter 37. 6. Exhausted enclosures: Exhaust ventilation for
cxhausted enclosures shall comply with Section 2703.8.5.2. Exhaust ventilation for exhausted enclosurcs containing highly toxic or toxic gases shall also comply with Chapter 37. 7. Gas roonis: Exhaust vcntilation for gas rooms shall comply with Section 2703.8.4.2. Exhaust ventilation for gas cahincts containing highly toxic or toxic guscs shall also comply with Chapter 37. 8. Cabincts containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 watcr-l-cactivc liquids: Exhaust ventilation for cabinets in fabrication areas containing pyrophoric liquids or Class 3 water-reactive liquids shall bc as required in Section 1805.2.3.5.
1803.15.2 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust ventilation systcms are allowed to bc designcd to opcrate at not less than one-half the normal fan specd on thc cmcrgcncy puwcr systcln when it is demonstrated that the levcl of cxha~~stwill maintain a safe atinosphcre.
SECTION 1804 STORAGE 1804.1 General. Storage of hazardous matcrials shall colnply with Scction 1803 and this section and other applicablc provisions of this code. 1804.2 Fabrication areas. Hazardous materials storage and the rnaxiinum quantities of hazardous materials in use and storage allowed in fabrication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1804.2.1 through 1804.2.2.I. 1804.2.1 Idorationof HPM storage in fabrication areas. Storage of HPM in fabrication al-cas shall bc within approved or listed storage cabinets. gas cabinets, exhaustetl enclos~~rcs or within a workstation as follows.
1803.14.2Penetrations.Exhaust ducts penetrating fire barrier asseniblics shall bc contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-rcsistancc-rated constmction. Exha~lstducts shall not penetrate fire walls. Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts.
1. Flanimablc and combustible liquid storagc cabinets shall comply with Sectlon 3404.3.1. i 2. Hazardous ~nater~als storage cab~nctsshall comply with Scction 2703.8.7.
1803.14.3 Treatment systems. Treatment systems for llighly toxic and toxic gases shall comply withchapter 37.
3. Gas cabinets shall comply with Section 2703.8.6. Gas cabinctsfor highly toxic or toxic gases shall also co1-nply with Section 3704.1.71.
1803.15 Enorgency power systcm. An emergency power systcm shall be provided in Group H-5 occupancies where rccluir-ed by Section 604. The emergency power system shall be dcsigncd to supply powcr automatically to I-equircd electrical systems when the normal supply system is interrupted. 1803.15.1 ltcquired electrical systems. Emergcncy powcr shall bc provided for clectrically operated cquip~nentand connected control circuits for the following systems: I. HPM exhaust vcntilation systems.
2. HPM gas cabinet \rcntilation systems. 3. HPM cxhausted cnclosurc ventilation systems.
4. HPM gas room ventilation systems. 5 . liPM gas detection systems. 6. E~ncrgencyalarm systcms.
7. Manual firc alarm systems 2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
4. Exhausted cnclosures shall comply with Section 2703.8.5. Exhausted cnclosures lor highly tosic or toxic gases shall also comply with Section 3704. 1.3.
5 . Workstations shall colnply with Section 1805.2.2. 1804.22 hfaxinum aggregate quantities in fahriration areas. The aggregate qilantities of hazardous materials stored or uscd in a single fabr~cationarea shall bc limitcd as .;pecificd in this section. Exception: Fabrication areas conlaining quantities of hazardous materials not excecdinp the maxilnum allowable quantities per control area cstal>lishcdby Scctions 2703.1.1, 3404.3.4 and 3404.3.5. 1804.2.2.1 Storage and use in fabricatiori areas. l'he ruaximum quantities of hazardous materials stored or uscd in a single fabrication arca shall not cxcecd the quantities set forth in Table 1804.2.2.1.
I
SEMlCONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
TABLE 1804.2.2.1 QUANTlTY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5" I
1
1
HAZARD CATEGORY ---- -
-
--
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS (poundslsquare...... foot) PH!SsAL-HAZARD
I
.A-
MATERIALS
--
I
I
~-
~~
-~
-
Combustible liquid Class 11 Class llIA Class IIlB Co!nhination Class!, .. ...
-
~
-
~
~
~
~
Note b Notes b. c:
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
0.0 1 0.02 Not Lirnl~ed 0.04 _ - - -
-
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
~
Not Applicable
-
- -
.
Esplosivc.;
Notc b
Notc b
~-
-
Not Applicablc -
-
--
Not Applicable
-
Note d 1.25
-
-Note
b
Not Applicable
---- --
~
~
-
-
Note d Notc d
-
Fla~nrr~able liquid Class IA Class IB Class 1C Combination Class IA, IR and IC C o ~ n b i ~ ~ a tClassI, ion 11 and lllA
~ - -- - -
Not Appllcablc
11
~
Flarnlnable gas Gaseous Liquefied . . . . .~..
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Cryogenic gas Flamnlable Oxidizirlg -
Note b
. .. .-.- -
Con~bustiblefiber Loose Baled . .
(c~b~ feeJ@NTPlsquare c foot) -
-
1-
I Combustible dust
GAS
(gallonslsquare foot) --- -
~
Not Applicablc C'lIclilshificd detonable
Note b Note b 0.025 0.1 Not Lilnrted Not Limited
Not Applicablc
Not Applicable
-- - - .
---
-
Class 3 Class 7 Class 1 Combinatipn oxidi<erClass 1, 2, 3 ~
-~ -~
Pvrc~ll?ric -IJnstable rcactive -
--
~
- -_
-
---
Class 2 ~
~.~ --
Water reactive Class 3 Class 2
~~
-
~.~~ - - - ~ ~
~~
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Note b 0 003 0 003 0.003 0.003
Note b 0 03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 125
-
-
-
Not? b
-
-
----
-
-
-
-
Note b 0.025 0.1 Not L~rmted - -
Note b 0.0025 0.01 NOLLimiled . --
Note b 0.25 Not Limited
0.00 125 0.025 Not Limited
-
Not Applicable
-
-- -- -
- ..-
Note b Note b Note b Not L ~ m ~ t e d Not Applicablc
___
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
TABLE 1804.2.2.1--continued QUANTITY LlMlTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5a -
/
HAZARD CATEGORY
I
.
.
.
.
-
--.-.----.7--..
~ - . . ~ ~
~
Hi~hly . . ~oxics . .. - -
1 .:
~
I
Corrosives- .
- . - ~ ~.
TOXICS . -
.
. .
. . .-...
--
-
SOLIDS
(poundslsquare foot)
No1 Limited- --
1
~
~~
- ~~-~
~
.r.-- ---..-
Not T .i~nited -~
-.~I r~~
-
I
~
~
~
.- ..~ -
~
Not Limited
I
~
I (cubic fcetF3NTPlsquare foot) ~,-.~ ~-. .-
I
For SI:
a. b. c. d. e.
,
i
~
~
i i
l-~
- - -
LIQUIDS
(gallons/square foot) ~.~ .~~~
HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS
+-.
!
.
I
.-I
~
hrot Limited Not.-Litnited
-
.-
I
Not Lirniled Iivtc d
.- .--
-
~.~
#~-.-
-
-
-
Note d ~
~
-
.
~
~~
~.
1
~ -- .. ~~~. -
I pound per square ioot = 1.882 ltg/m2. 1 gallon per square font = 10.7 [,lm', I cubic foot @ NTP1iqu;llr foot 0.305 r n 3 @ N T P / ~ ' , 1 cubic li,oi = 0.02832 un3. H;~zar.tlousnnteriuls within pipil~gshall nor he inclndrd i n the calcu!ated qoanlities. Quantity ofhazardous rnaresials in asinglc fabrication shall not exceedthe maximumallowableq~~~~nritiespercontrol nvea in Tablcs 1703.1.1 ( I )nnd2703.1. I(?). Dcnscly ptckcd balcd c t , t t ~ that l ~ complies \virh the packin_erequirements of IS0 XI 15 shall not be irlcluded ill this material class. 'rhe agglugata cluanril) of flammable, pyrnplloric, toxir and highly toxic g s c l shall not exceod 9,000 cubic feet at N'W The ngyrcyarc quantit) of pyropho~icgases in the building shall not exceed the amonnts set fo1111 inT;~blu2703.8.2.
1803.3 lndoor storage outside of fabrication areas. The indoor storage of hazardous rn;lterials outside of fabrication arcas shall bc in accordance with Sections 1804.3.1 through 1804.3.3. 1803.3.1 HPM storage. The indool- storage of UPM in quantities greater than those listed in Section 2703.1.1 and 3404.3.4 shall be in a room complying with the requirements of the Irztornurioizal Bzlildirlg Code a ~ i dthis code for a liquid storage room, HPM room or gas room as appropriate for the materials storcd. 1804.3.2 Other hazardous materials storage. Thc indoor storage of other hazardous materials shall co~nplywith Sections 1-701, 2703 and 2704 aucl other applicable provisions of this code. 1804.3.3 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatible hazardous materials in storage shall be separated froin each othcr in accorclancc with Section 3703.9.8.
1805.2.2.1 Protection of vessels. Vessels containing WPM located in or connected to a workstation shall bc protected from physical damage and shall not prqjcct from the workstation. I3azardv~1s gas and liquid vessels located within a workstation shall be protected from seismic forces in an approved manner in accorda~lcc with the I ~ ~ t e ~ - r ~ ~ i Ruilditlg t i o n n l Code. Protection for HPM compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter
30. 3805.2.2.2 Drainage and containment for HPM liquids. Each workstation utiliaing HPM liquids shall h;wc all of the following: I . Drainage piping systems cc~nncctedto a co~npatible system for disposition of such licluids. 2. Thc work SLII-lace provided with a slope or other means for directing spilled matcrials to thc containment or drainage system.
3. An approved means of cont;~iningor clircctlng spilled or leaked liquids to the drainagc system.
SECTlON 1865 USE AND HANDLING 1805.1 General. The use and handling of hazardous materials shall co~nplywith this section, Section I803 and other applicablc provisions of this codc. 1805.2 Fabrication areas. The use of hazardouc materials in fabrication areas shall be in accordance with Sections 1805.2.1 through 1805.2.3.5. 1805.2.1 Location of HPM in use in fabrication areas. Hazardous production nraterials in use in fabrication areas shall be within approvcd or listed gas cabinets, cxha~~sted cnclo\ures or a workstation. 1805.2.2 Maximum aggregate quantities in fabrication areas. The aggregate quantitics of hazardous materials in a single fabrication area shall co~nplywith Section 1804.2.2. and Tablc 1804.2.2.1. The yuantity of HPM in use at a workstation shall not exceed the cluantities listed in Tablc 1805.2.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1805.2.2.3 Clearances. Workstations where HPM is used shall be provided with horizontal servicing clearances of not less than 3 feet (914 111111) for elcclrical equiplilent. gas cylinder connections and similar hazardous conditions. These clearances shall apply only to normal operational procedures and not to repair or maintenance-related work. 1805.2.3 Workstations. Workstations in fabrication arcas shall be in accordance with Sections 1805.1.3.1 through 1805.2.3.5. 1805.2.3.1 Construction. Worltstations in fabricalion areas shall be constructed of illatcrials compatiblc with the materials used and stored at the workslation. The portion of the workstation that senres as a cabincl for HPLM g a s e s a n d WPM f l a m m a h l c licluids s h a l l be noncombustible and. if of rnctal, shall be not lcss than 0.0478-inch (18 gage) (1.2 mm) steel.
SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
TABLE 1805.2.2 MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF HPM AT A WORKSTATIONe
1 Flammable, highly toxic, b ~ f ? ~ ? ki!ndtt?xic ?i
i
cornbir~d_
.. -
located within a workstation shall be protected from seismic forces in an appro~ledmanner in accordance with the Itlternatior7alRuilding Code.
1
3 cylinders --..---_--..~._-I
i
3. Compressed gases: Protection for compressed gas vessels shall also comply with Section 3003.5.
4. Cryogenic fluids: Protcction for cryogcnic fluid
1
i Corrosive
Gas liquid
I
1
I
I !
-. - - - -
3 cylinders U x - o-w n syste~n ! . 25 gallons".c 1 Use-closcd system: 150 gall~~n21~c3r 20 p n- ~ i n- d s ~ ,. ~I
j
I !
1
/
. . . . . .
Solid
!
-I
.
~
Highly toxic
vessels shall also comply with Section 3203.3.
1805.2.3.3 Drainage and containment for HPM liquids. Each workstation utilizing HPM liquids shall havc all of the following:
I . Drainage piping systems connccted to a compatible syqtem for disposition of such liquids; 2. The work surface provided with a slopc or other means for directing spillcd materials lo the containment or drainage system; and
Osidir-er
3. An approved means of containing or directing spilled or leakcd liquids to the drainage system. .....
1805.2.3.4 Clearances. Workstations where HPM is used shall be provided with horizontal servicing clear) electrical ances of not less than 3 feet (914 ~ n m for equipment, gas-cylinder connections and si~nilarhazardous conditions. These clearances shall apply only to normal operational procedurcs and not to repair- o r maintenance-related work.
. . .
Tonic
Unstable reactive Class 3 !
i Water-reactive Class 3
1 i ................
i ! 1
Liquid
0.5 gallond.g
lseeH5180442:.2L!L
1
sos* = 3.785 L. For St: I p o o ~ ~=d0.454 1ig. I gi~llur~ n. DOT shipping containers with capacities of greater than 5.3 xallons shall no1 he located withill a workstatiotl. h. Maximuln :~llownblcquantities shall be increased 100 percent for closed system opcl-ations. When Note c also applies. the increase for both notes shall he all~lwcd. c. Quantities shall he allowed to he increased 100 percent when workslntio~~s are internally protccted with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing or s~~ppression systcm complying with Chapter 9. When Note b also applies, thc inel-rasc for both notes shall be allowed. Whorl Note f also :~pplies,the maxirn~imincrease i~llowedfor hot11 Notes c and f shall not exceed 100 per- -- .
.
-
CSllt.
I
d. Allowed only in worltstations that are internally protected with an approved automatic lire-extinguishii~:~ or fire protection system complying with Chapter !,and conlpatiblc with the reactivity of materials in usc at the worlcstation. e. Tilt quantity lirnits apply only to ~nnterialsclassified as HPM. 1'. Quantities shnll be allowed to he increxsed 100perce11tfornontlammahlr, no~~combustihle corrosive liqitids when thc materials of co~istructionfor workstations are listed OI.approvcd for use without internal fire-estinguishing or suppression system protection. When Note c also applies, the n~xximnmincrcasc allowed for both Notes c ;u~idEshallnot exceed 100 prrCCIlI. g. 4 maximum quantity of 5.3 gallons shall be allowed at a worl<stationwhen conditil,i~sarc ill i~wl,rdancewith Section 1805.235.
1805.2.3.2 Protcction of vessels. Vessels containing hazardous materials located in or connected to a workstation shall be protected as follows:
I
1. HPM: Vcssels containing HPM shall be protected from physical damage and shall not project from thc workstation.
2. JIazardous cryogcnic fluids, gases and liquids: klazardous cryogenic fluid, gas and liquid vessels
1805.2.3.5 Pyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquids. Pyrophoric I~quidsand Class 3 water-rcactive liquids in containers greater than 0.5-gallon (2 1,) but not exceeding 5.3-gallon (20 1,) capacity shall bc allowed at worltstations when locatcd insidc cablncts and thc following conditions are met: 1. Maximum amount per cabinct: Thc maximurn
amount per cabinet shall be lirnitcd to 5.3 gallons (20 1,). 2. Cabinet construction: Cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with the following:
2.1. Cabinets shall be co~lstructedof not lcss than 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (12 gauge) steel. 2.2. Cabinets shall be permitted to have sclf-closing limited acccss ports or noncombustible windows that provide access to equipment controls. 2.3. Cabinets shall bc provided with rclf- or m;~nual-closing doors. Manual-closing doors shall be equipped with a door switch that will initiatc local audiblc and visual alarms when the door is in the open position. 3. Cabinet exhaust ventilation system: An exhaust ventilation system shall be provided for cabincts and shall cornply with the following: 3.1. The system shall be dcsigncd to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the s ~ ~ r rounding arca. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE^
SEMlCONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
3.2. The system shall be equipped with a pressure monitor and aflow switch alarm Inonitorcd at thc on-site emergency control station.
4. Cab~netspill containment: Spill containment shall be provided in each cabinet. with the spill containment capal7le uf holding the contcnt~of the aggregate amount of liquids in containers In each cabinet. 5. Valves: Valves in supply plplng between the product containers in the cabinet aid the workstation served by the containers shall fail in thc closed posit~onupon powcr failure. loss of exhaust vcntilation and upon actuation of the fire control system.
6. Firc detcction system: Each cabinet shall bc cquipped with an automatic fire detection system complying with the following conditions:
6.1. Automatic dctcction system: UVJIR, highse~lsitivitysmokc detection (HSSD) or other approved detection systems shall bc provided inside each cabinet.
6.1. Automatic shutoff: Activation of the detection system shall automatically close the shutoff valves at thc sourcc on the liquid supply. 6.3. Alarms and signals: Activation of the detcction system shall initiates local dam1 within the fabrication area and transmit a signal to the emergency control scation. The alarms and signals shall be both visual and audible.
1805.3 Transportation and handling. The transportation and hanciling of huardous materids shall comply with Sections 1805.3.1 thro~igh1805.3.4.1 and othe~applicable provisions of this codc. 1805.3.1 Exit corridors access and exit enclosures. Exit access corridors and exit cnclosurcs in new buildings or scrvinp new fabrication areas shall not contain I-IPMexcept as p e ~ ~ ~ ~ ifor t t ccxit d acccss corridors by Section 415.8.6.3 of the Irlrel-lzc~riorlalRlrilding Code. 1805.3.2 Transport in cxisting exit access corridors. Whcn existing fabrication areas arc altcrcd or modified in existing buildings. HPM is allowed to be transported in cxisting cxit acccss corridors when such exit acccss corridors cortlply with the hztcrnnfior~nlB'riltling G'odc. Transportatior~in exit. acccss corridors shall comply with Section 2703. 10. 1805.3.3 Service corridors. When a new fabrication arca is constructed, a service corridor shall bc providcd whcrc it is ncccssary to transport HPM from a liquid stora,~e room, HPM roorn, gas rooln or from the outsidc of a building to the prrimetcr wall of a fabrication area. Scrvice corridors shall 11edcsigncd and constructed in accordance with thc 611erfzotiorltcl N~rildin~ Code. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1805.3.4 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks uscd to transport HPM in exit ncess cor-ridors and exit enclosures in existing buildings shall comply with Scctior~2703.10.3. 1805.3.4.1 Identification. Carts and trucks shall be marked to indicate the contents.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 49
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES SECTION 1901 GENERAL 1901.1 Scope. The storage, manufacturing and processing of timbcr, lun~bcr.plywood. vcneers and byproducts shall be in accordancc with this chapter.
1901.2 Permit. Permits shall be required as sct forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 1902 DEFlNlTlONS 1902.1 Definitions. The following words and tcrins shall, for the purposes of this chaptcr and as used elscwhcrc in this code. have thc meal~ingsshown herein.
COLD DECK. A pile of unfinished cut logs. FINES. Smt~llpieces or splinters of wood byproducts that will pass through a 0.25-inch (6.4 nun) screen. HOGGED MATERIALS. Wood waste ~natcrialsproduced
(deflagrationj venting or an approved explosion supprcs-. sion system complying with Scclion 9I 1.
1903.3 Waste removal. Sawmills, planning mills and othcrwoodworking plants shall be equipped with a wastc removal system that will cvllcct and remove sawdust and shavings. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with Chaptcr I3 and the I~tenzciti011~11 Meci~ulzi(.alCode. Exception: Manual waste removal when approved. 1903.3.1 Housekeeping. Provisions shall be made for a systcmatic and thorough cleaning of the cntire plant at sufticient intervals to prevent the accumulations of combustiblc dust 3nd spi!led combustiblc or flzunmable liquids.
1903.3.2 Rletal scrap. Provision shall bc made for separately collecting and disposing of any metal scrap so that such scrap will not enter the wood handling or processing equipment. 1903.4 Electrical equipment. Elcctrical wiring and cquipmcnt shall comply with the ICC Electrical Co(le.
from thc lumber production process.
1903.5 Control of ignition sources. Protcction from ignition
P1,YWOOD and VENEER RIII,LS. Facilities where raw
sources shall be provided i n accordancc with Scctions 1903.5.1 through 1903.5.3.
wood products are processed into finished wood products. i~lcludingwaferboanl. orientcd strandboard, fiberboard; cornposite wood pancls and plywood.
RAW PRODUCT. Amixrure of natural materials such as tree, brush trimmings, or wastc logs and stumps.
STATIC PILES. Piles in which proccsscd wood product is mounded and is not being turned or movcd. TIhIBER and LUMBER PRODUCTION FACl1,rTIES. Facilities where raw wood products are processed into finished wood products.
SECTlON 1903 GENERAL WEQUlREMENTS 1903.1 Open yards. Open yards required by the D~ter.nurio~tal Ritilrling Cock shall be maintained around stl-uctur-cs.
1903.2 Dust control. Equipment or machinery located inside buildings which generates or emits con~bustibledust shall be providcd with an approved dust collection and exhaust system installcd in accordance with Chapter 13 and the I~zter-izutionol Mccilurzicui Corle. Ecluipnlcnt or systcms that arc used to collect, proccss or convcy co~ubustiblcdusts shall bc provided with an approved cxplosion control system.
1903.2.1 Explosion venting. Wherc a dust explosion hazard exists in cquipn~cntrooms, buildings or other cnclosurcs, such arcas shall be provided with explosion
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
1903.5-1 Cutting and wclding. Cutting and wclding shall comply with Chapter 36.
1003.5.2 Static electricity. Static clcctricity shall Dc prcvented from accumulating on machines and equipment subject to static electricity buildup by permanent grounding and bonding wires or other approvcd incilns.
1903.5.3 Smoking. Wherc smoking constitutes a firc hazard, the fire code official is authorized to order the owner or occupant to post approved "No Smoking" signs complying to deswith Section 3 10.The fire code official is a~~thorized ignate specific locations where smoking is allowcd. 1903.6 Fire apparatus access roads. Firc apparatus acccss roads shall be providcd for h~~ildings and facilities in accordance with Section 503. 1903.7 Access plan. \?'here storage pile configurations could change because of changcs in product opcr-ations and proccssing, thc access plan shall bc submitted for approval when rcquired by the fire codc official.
SECTION 1904 FlRE PROTECTlON
1904.1 Fire alarms. An approvcd mcans for tranwiitting alarms to the firc dcpartmcnt shall bc provided in timhcr and lunibcr production 111il15and plywood and vcnecr mills.
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES
1904.1.1 NIanual fire alarms. A manual fire alarm system complying with Section 907.2 shall be installed in areas of timber and lumber production mills and for plywood and veneer mills that contail1 product dryers. Exception: Where d ~ y e r or s other sourccs of ignition arc protected by a supervised autonlatic spriilkler system complying with Section 903. 1904.2 Portable fire extinguishers and hose. Portable fire extinguishcrs or standpipes and hose supplied from an approved water systerr~shall be provided within 50 feet (1 5 240 ~ n m of ) travcl distance to any machine producing shavings or sawdust. Exti~lguishcrsshall be provided in accordance with Scction 906 for cxtra-high hazards. <>
1904.3 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systcms shall bc installed in accordance with Section 003.3.1.1.
SECTION 1905 PLYWOOD, VENEER AND COMPOSITE BOARD MILLS
1905.1 General. Plant operations of plywood. venccr and cornpositc board mills shall comply with this section. 1905.2 Dryer protection. Drycrs shall be protected throughout by an approiwd, automatic deluge water-spray suppression system con~plyingwith Chapter 9. Deluge heads shall be inspected quartcrly for pitch buildup. Deluge heads shall be flushcd during regular maintenance for functional operation. Manual activation valves shall be locatcd within 75 fcet (22 860 mm) of the drying cquipmcnt. 1905.3 Thermal oil-heating systems. Facilities that use heat transfcr fluids to provide process cquiprnent hcat through piped, indircct heating systems s11a11 comply with this code and NFPA 664.
SECTION 1906 LOG STORAGE AREAS
1906.1 General. Log storage areas shall comply with this scction. 1906.2 Cold decks. Cold dccks shall not excccd 500 feet ( 152.4 n ~ in ) lcngth, 300 fect (9 1 440 mni) in width and 2 0 fect (6096 mm) in height. Cold decks shall be separated from adjacent cold dcclcs or othcr exposures by a minim~nnof 100 feet (30 480 mm).
SECTION 1907 STORAGE OF WOOD CHIPS AND HOGGED MATERIAL ASSOCIATED WlTH TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES 1907.1 General. The storage of wood chips and hogged niaterials associated with timber and lumber production facilitics shall comply with this scction.
1907.2 Size of piles. Piles shall not exceed 60 feet (1 8 288 mm) in height, 300 feet (9 1 440 mm) in width and 500 fcct (152 111) in length. Piles shall be separated from adjacent pilcs or othcr exposures by approved fire apparatus access roads. Exception: Thc firc codc official is authorized to allow the pile sire to bc increased when additional firc protcction is provided in accordance with Chapter 9. The increase shall bc bascd on the capabilities of the system installed. 1907.3 Pile fire protection. Automatic sprinkler protcction shall be providcd in conveyor tur~nelsand contbustiblc cnclosures that pass under a pile. Cornbustiblc or encloscd convcyor systems shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. 1907.4 Material-handling equipment. Approved material-handling equipment shall be rcadily available for moving wood chips arrd hogged material. 1907.5 Emergency plan. Thc owncr or operator shall dcvclop a plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires. The plan shall bc submittcd to the tire code official for revicul and approval. SECTION 1908 STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF WOOD CHIPS, HOGGED MATERIAL, FINES, COMPOST AND RAW PRODUCT ASSOCIATED WlTH YARD WASTE AND RECYCLING FACILITIES 4908.1 General. The storagc and processing of wood chips. hogged materials, fines, compost and raw product produccd from yard waste, debris and recycling facilitics shall conlply with this section.
1908.2 Storage site. Storagc sites shall be levcl and on solid ground or other all-weather surfacc. Sites shall bc thoroughly clcaned before transfcrring wood product5 to the site. 1908.3 Size ofpiles. Pilcs shall not cxceed 25 fcct (7620 ~ n m ) 150 fect (45 720 mm) in width and 1-50 fect (76 100 inm) in Icngth. i11 height,
Exception: The fire codc official is authorized to allow thc pile sizc to be incrcased when additional fire protcctiorl is provided in accordance with Chapter 9. The incrcase shall be based upon the capabilities of thc system installed.
Exception: Thc size of cold dccks shall be detennincd by the fire codc official whcrc thc dccks are protcctcd by special tire protection including, but not limited to, additional tire tlovv, portable turrcts and deluge scts. and hydrant hose houscs cquipped with approvcd tire-tight~ngcquiplnent capable of reaching the cntire storage area in accordance with Chapter 9.
1908.5 Combustible waste. The storagc. accumulation and handling of combustible materials and control of vcgclation shall comply with Chapter 3.
1906.3 End stops. I,og and pole piles shall be stabilized by approved means.
1908.6 Static pile protection. Static piles shall bc monitored by an approved means to measure tempcraturcs within the
1908.4 Pile separation. Pilcs shall be scparatcd from adjacent piles by approved tire apparatus access roads.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES
static pilcs. Intcrnal pile temperatures shall bc monitored and recorcicd weckly. Records shall bc kepton fileat the facility and made available for- inspection. An operational plan indicating proccduscs and schedules for the inspection, monitoring and rcstdcting of excessive intcrnal temperatures in static piles shall bc subrl~iltcdto the fire code ofiicial for review and ;1pprova1.
1908.7 Pile fire protection. Autorilatic sprinkler protection shall he provided in conveyor tunnels and combustible cnclosures that pass undcr a pile. Coi~~bustiblc conveyor systems and encloscd convcyor systcnls shall be equipped with an approved autoli~aticsprinklcr system. 1908.8 Fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Scction 906 and with a mlnimum rating of 4-A:60-B:C 5h:lll be provided on all vchicles and equipment operat~ngon piles and at all processing equipment. 1908.9 Material-handling equipment. Approved material-handling cquipn~entshall be available for moving wood chips, hogged material. wood fincs and raw product during lire-fighting operations. 1908.10 Emergency plan. The owner or operator shall develop w plan for monitoring, controlling and extinguishing spot fires and submit the plan to the firecode official for review and approval.
SECTION 1909 EXTERIOR STORAGE OF FINISHED LUMBER PRODUCTS 1909.1 General. Exterlor storage of finished lun~herproducts shall c0111pIywith this section. 1909.2 S i ~ ofpiles. e Exterior lumbcr storage shall be arranged to form stable pilcs with a maxilnuni height of 20 fect (6096 111ni).Piles shall not excecd 150,000 cubic fcct (4248 ni3) in volume. 1909.3 Fire appari~tusaccess roads. Fire apparatus access I-oatlsin accordance with Section 501 shall be located so that a maxin~uli~ grid system unit of 50 feet by 150 fect (15 240 111117 by 45 730 mm) is established. 1909.4 Security. Pcrlnanerlt liinlber storage area5 shall be surrounded with all approved fence. Fetlccs shall bc a nii~limun~ of 6 feet (1 829 ~ n m in ) height. Exception: Lunlbcr pilcs inside of buildings and production mills for lumber, plywood and vcneer.
1909.5 Fire protection. An approved hydrant and hosc system 01-portable
fire-extinguishing equipment suitable for the fire hazard involvctl shall be pi-ovided for open storage yards. Hydrant and hosc systems shall he installed in accorda~icewith NFPA 24. Portable fire cxtinguishcrs complying with Section 906 shall be located so thatthe travcl distance to the nearest unit does not exceecl75 feet (22 860 mm). 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 20
MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COKTIMGS SECTION 2001 GENERAL
2003.8 Power equipment. Power-operated equipment and industxial trucks shall he of' a typc approvcd for the location.
2001.1 scope. organic coating Inal,ufacturing processes slIall colnply with chapter except that this cllaptershall not apply to processes maIIufi,cturi,,g nonflammable or watcr-thinned coatings or to operations applying coating materials.
2003.9 Tank maintenance. The clcaning OF tanks and vessels that have contained tlammablc or combustible liquids shall be performed under the supervision of persons knowlcdgeablc of the firc and explosion potential.
2001.2 Permits. Permits shall bc required as set forth in Scctlon 105.6.
2003.9.1 Repairs. Where nccessary to makc rcpai~s involving "hot work," the work shall bc authori7ed by the rcsponsiblc individual before the work begins.
2001.3 Maintenance. Structures and their s e r ~ i c eequipment s NFPA 35 shall be maintained in accordance w ~ t ht h ~ codeand SECTlON 2002 DEFlNlTlOMS
2002.1 Definition. The following word and term shall. for the purposcs of this chapter and as uscd elsewhere in this code, have thc meaning shown herein. ORGANIC COATING. A liquid mixture of b~nderssuch as alkyd, nitrocellulose. acrylic or oil, and flammablc and combustible solvents such as hydrocarbon. cster. ketone or alcohol, which, whcn spread in a thin filrn. convert to a durable protectivc and dccorativc finish. SECTION 2003 GENERAL PRECAUTllOMS
2003.1 Building features. hfanufacturing of organic coatings shall bc done only in buildings that do not have pits 01. basements. 2003.2 Location. Orzanic coating manufacturing opcrations and opcrations incidental to or conncctcd with organic coating manufacturing shall not be located in buildings having othcr occupancies. 2003.3 Fire-fighting access. Organic coating manufacturing opcrations shall be accessible from at lcast one side for the purpose of tirc control. Approved aisles shall bc n~aintainedfor the unobstructed movarnent of personnel and firc suppression cquip~nent. 2003.4 Fire protection systems. Firc protection systems shall be installed. maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with Chapter 9. 2003.5 Portahlc fire extinguishers. A mini~numof one poi-tablc fire extinguisher co~nplyingwith Section 906 for extra hazard shall bc provided in organic coating areas. 2003.6 Open flames. Open flames and direct-fired halting dcviccs shall be prohibited in areas where flanunable vapor-air nlixtul-es exist. 2003.7 Smoking. Smol
2003.9.2 Empty containers. En~ptyflammable o~.cornbustible liquid containers shall bc rcmoved to a dctachcd, outside location and. if not cleaned on the prcmiscs, the empty containers shall bc I-emovcdfrom the plant as soon as practical. 2003.10 Drainagc. Drainagc facilitie5 shall bc providcd to direct tlammable and combustible licluid lcakagc and fire PI-otection water to an approved location away from thc buildi~~g, any other structure, storage area or adjoining pren~iscs. 2003.11 Alarm system. An approved fire alarm system shall be provided i n accordance with Section 907. SECTiON 2004 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTION 2004.1 Wiring and equipment. Elcctrical wiring and cqu~pment shall comply with this chapter and shall be ~n\tallctlIn accordance w ~ t hthe ICC Electt reed Coile.
2004.2 Hazardous locations. Where Class I liquids are exposed to the air, thc design of equipment and ventilation of stmctures shall be such as to limit thc Class I, Division 1, locations to the foltowing: 1 . Piping trenchcs.
2. The intel-ior of equipment. 3. Thc immediate vicinity of pumps or equipment locations, such as disperlsing stations, open ccntrifi~gcs.platc and frame filters, opcned vacuum filtcrs, changc cans and the surfaccs of open cquipmcnt. Thc i~nmcdiate vicinity shall include a xone evtcnding from thc vapor libcration point 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally in all directions and vertically from the floor to a lcvcl ? fcet (914 mm) above the highest point of vapor libcration. 2004.2.1 Othcr locations. Locations within thc contincs ot the manufacturing room where Class 1 licluids are handled shall be Class 1, Division 2 evcept locations indicated in Section 2004.2. 2004.2.2 Ordinary equipment. Ordini~ryelectrical equipment, including switchgear. shall he prohibited exccpt where installed in a room rnaintaincd under positive prcssure with respcct to thc hazardous arca. I'hc air or othcr media utilizcd for pressurization shall bc obtained fi-om a
MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS
sourcc that will not causc any amount or typc of flammable vapor to be introduced into the room.
2004.3 Bonding. Equipment including, but not limited to. tanks, machinery and piping. shall be bondcd and connectcd to a ground whcre an ignitable mixturc is capable of bcing prcscnt. 2004.3.1 Piping. Electrically isolatcd sections of metallic piping or cquipment shall bc grounded or bonded to the othcr grounded portior~sof thc system. 2004.3.2 Vehicles. Tank vehicles loaded or unloaded through opcn connections shall be grounded and bouded to thc rcccivit~gsystem. 2004.3.3 Containers. Wherc a flammable mixture is tmnsfcrrcd from one portable container to another, a bond shall be providcd between the two containers, and onc shall be groundcd. 2004.4 Ground. Mctal framing of buildings shall be grounded with rcsistancc of not morc than 5 ohms. SECTION 2005 PROCESS STRUCTURES 2005.1 Design. Proccss structures shall be designcd and conBuilding Code. structed in accordance with thc I?lt~i.nutiorrc~l
2005.2 Fire apparatus access. Fire apparatus access complying with Scction 503 shall be provided for the purpose of fire control to at lcast one side of organic coating manufacturing operations. 2005.3 Drainage. Drainagc facilities shall bc provided in accordance with Section 2003.10 where topographical conditions are such that flammablcand combustible liquids are capable of flowiug from thc organic coating manufacturing operation so as to constitute a fire hazard to other premises. 2005.4 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in areas subject to potcntial deflagration hazards as indicatcd in NFPA 35. Esplosion control shall be provided in accordance with Scction 91 1. 2005.5 Ventilation. Euclosed structures in which Class I liquids arc proccsscd or handled shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than I cubic foot per minute per square foot (0.00508 m3/ s m2) of solid floor arca. Ventilation shall be accomplished by exhaust faus that take suction at floor levels and discharge to a safe location outside thc structurc. Noncontuminatcd intake air shall be introduced in such a lnanner that all portions of solid floor arcas arc providcd with continuous uniformly distributed air movement. 2005.6 Heating. Heating provided in hazardous arcas shall be by indircct mcans. Ignition sources such as open flames or clcctrical heating elements, except as provided for in Section 2004, shall not be permitted within the structure. SECTION 2006 PROCESS MILLS AND KETTLES 2006.1 Mills. Mills, operating with closc clearances, which process flammable and hcat-scnsitivc matcriols, such as
nitrocellulose, shall be locatcd in a detached building or in a noncombustible stnlciurc without other occupancies. Thc amount of nitrocellulose or othcr flammable material brought into thc area shall not be more than the amount required for a batch.
2006.2 Mixers. Mixers shall be of thc enclosed typc or, whcre of the open typc, shall be provided with properly fittcd covcrs. Where flow is by gravity, a shutoff valve shall hc installed as close as practical to the mixer, and a control valve shall bc provided near the end of the fill pipe. 2006.3 Open kettles. Open Iicttles shall be located in an outside area providcd with a protcctive roof; in a separate structure of noncombustible construction; or scparatecl from othcr arcas by a noncombustiblc wall having a firc-resistance rating of at least 2 hours. 2006.4 Closcd kettles. Contact-heatcd licttles conlaining solvents shall bc ecluippcd with safcty dcvices that, in case of a fire, will turn off the process heat. turn on thc cooling medium and inject incrt gas into the kcttle. 2006.4.1 Vaporizer location. Thc vaporizer scction of heat-transfer systems that heat closed kcttles containing solvents shall bc remotely located. 2006.5 Kettle controls. The kcttle and thin-down tank shall he instrumented, controlled and ~nterloclicdso that any failure of the controls will result in a safc condition. The kettle shall bc provided with a pressure-rupture disc in addition to the prima~y vent. The venl piping from the rupture disc shall be of minimurn length and shall discharge to an approved location. Thc thin-down tank shall be adequately vented. Thinning operations shall be providcd with an adequate vapor removal system.
SECTION 2007 PROCESS PIPING
2007.1 Design. All piping, valvcs and fittings shall bc designcd for the working pressures and structural strcsscs to which the piping, valves and fittings will bc sub.jectcd, and shall bc of steel or other material approved for thc scrvicc intcnclcd. 2007.2 Valves. Valves shall bc of an indicating type. Tcrminal valves on rcmotc pumping systems \hall be of the dcad-man type, shutting off both thc pump and thc flow of solvent. 2007.3 Support. Piping systems shall be supported odcquatcly and protected against physical damage. Piping shall he pitched to avoid unintentional trapping of liquids, or approved drains shall be providcd. 2007.4 Connectors. Approved flcxible conncctors shall be installcd where vibration exists or frequent movcmcnt is necessary. Hosc at dispensing stations shall be of an approved typc. 2007.5 Tests. Before being placcd in servicc, all piping shall be free of leaks when tcsted for a minimum of 30 ~ninutesat not less than 1.5 times the working pressurc or a minimum of 5 pounds per squarc inch gauge (psig) (35 kPa) at thc highcst point in the system. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS
SECTION 2008 RAW MATERIALS IN PROCESS AREAS 2008.1 Nitrocellulose quantity, The amount of nitrocellulose brought into thc opcrating area shall not cscced the arnount rcquircd fur a work shift. Nitrocellulose spillage shall be prolnptly swcpt up and dispvsed of properly. 2008.2 Organic peroxides quantity. Organic peroxides brought into the operating area shall be in the original shipping container. Whcn i l l he operating area, the organic peroxide shall not bc placed in locations exposed to ignition sources, hcat or n~echanicalshocks.
SECTION 2009 RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS 2009.1 General. Thc storage, handling and use of flanlmable and conibust~blcliquids In process arcas $hall be i n accordance with Chaptcr 34. 2009.2 Tank storage. Tank storage for flammable and combustible liquids located insidc of structures shall be limited to storage arcns at or above grade which are separated from the pr-occssing area in accordance with the Ir~terizatioiralBuilcliliiz,q Cocie. Processing equipment containing flammable and cornbustihlc liquids and storagc in quantities esbential to the continuity of the operations shall not be prohibited in the processirrg area. 2009.3 'Pank vehicle. Tank car and tank vchicle loading and unloatling stations for Class I liquids shall bc separated TI-vrn the proccssillg arca, othcr plant structures, nearcst lot line of property that can he built upon or public thoroughfare by a mininluni clcar distancc of 25 fect (7620 mm). 2009.3.1 1,oading. Loading and urlloading structures and platforms for flanimable and combustible liquids shall be dcsigncd and installed in accordance with Chapter 34. 2009.3.2 Safety. Tank cars for tlan~mahlcliquids shall be nnloadcd such that the safety to persoils and propcrty is ensured. Tank vchiclcs for flammable and combustible liquids shall be loaded and unloaded in accordance with Chaptcr 3.4.
2009.4 Nitrocellulose storage. Nitrocellulose storage shall bc located 011 a detached pad or in a separate structure or a room Buildirtg Code. cncloscd in accordance with thc blre~~tarioizal The nitsocellulosc storage area shall not be utilized for any othcr purpose. Elcctrical wiring and equipment i~istallcdin storage arcas adjaccnt to process areas shall comply with Section 2004.2.
2009.4.1 Q:ontsincrs. Nitrocellulose shall be storcd in closcci containers. Barrcls shall be storcd on cnd and not more than two ticrs high. Barrcls or othcr containers of nitrocellulosc shall not bc opened in the main storagc structure hut at the point of use or other location inte~ldedfor that purlmse. 2009.4.2 Spills. Spillcd nitroccllulosc shall bc prornptly cvcttcci with watcr and disposed of by use or bu.rnlng in the opcn at an approved detached location. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2009.5 Organic peroxide storage. The storagc oiorganic pcroxides shall be in accordance with Chaptcr 39. 2009.5.1 Size. The size of the package containing organic peroxide shall be selected so that. as 11ca1-lyas practical, full packages are utilized at one time. Spillcd pcroxidc shall be promptly cleaned up and disposed o f as spccifcd by the supplier. 2009.6 Finished products. Finished products that are flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored outsidc of structures, in a separate structure, or in a room scparatcd from the processing area in accordance with the Dltet-r~atiorzulBltildirq Code. The storage of finished pr-ocluctsshall be in tanks or closcd containcrs i r i accordance with Chaptcr 34.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 21
PNDUSTWPAL OVENS SECTION 2101 GENERAL
SECTION 2103 LOCATION
2101.1 Scope. This chaptcr shall apply to the installation and operation of industrial ovcns and furnaces. Inclustrial ovens and furnaces shall comply with the applicable provisions of NFPA 86, the Irtteu~c~tior~al F~tel Ctrs Code, I11ternutioi7al M ~ c I L L ~ Code ~ ~ ~ cant1 L I this I chapter. The tellns "ovcns" and "furnaces" arc uscd interchangeably in this chapter.
2103.1 Ventilatiun. Enclosed rooms or basements containing industrial ovens or furnaccs shall be provided with cornbustion air in accordance with the Iritmzutioizal I \ I ~ C I ~ U I ICode ~ C L Land / thc J~~terr~~'tiorlul Fuel Crr.r Coiic, and with ventilation air in Cud(!. accordance with the Irttenziitionrll Me(:Izcii~i~~z/
2101.2 Permits. Permits shall he required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7.
SECTION 2402 DEFiNlTlONS 2102.1 Definitions. ?'he follorving words and terms shall, for thc purposes of this chapter and as used clscwhere in this code. have the meanings shown hcrcin.
FURNACE CI,ASS A. An ovcn or furnace that has heat utilization e q u i p ~ n e noperating ~ at approximately atlnospheric prcssurc wherci~ithcrc is a potential explosion or firc hazard that could be occasio~icdby thc presence of fla~nmablc vol:ltilcs or cornbustiblc matcrials processed or hcated in the furnace.
Note: Such flammable volatiles or combustiblc matcrials can, for instance, originate from 111c following: I. Paints, powders, inks, and adhesives from finishing processes, such as dipped, coatcd, sprayed and impregnated materials. 2. Thc substrate material
3. Wood. paper and plastic pallets. spacers or packaging materials.
4. Polymerization or othcr n~olecularrearrangements. Potentially flammablc materials. such as quench ail, watcr-borne iinishes. cooling oil or cooking oils, that present a hazard arc vc~llilatcdaccording to Class A standards. FUlINACE CLASS B. An oven or furnace that has hcat utilization ecluip~ncntopel-ating a1 approvin~ately atmospheric prcssurc whcrcin there are no tlam~nablcvolatilcs 01-combustible matcrials bcing heated.
ITRNACE CLASS C. An oven or furnace that has a potential hazard due to a flammablc or othcr special atniosphcrc bcing used for treatment of rllatcrial in process. This type of furnace can usc ally typcof hcating systcrn and includcs a spccial atmosphere supply systcm. Also included in the (.:lass C classiiication are integral quench furnaces and molten salt bath furnaccs. FfiKNACE CLASS D. An oven or furnace that opcrates at tcmpcraturcs from above anihient to over 5,000"F (2760°C) and at ~~rcssures normally below atmospheric using any type of heating systcm. These furnaccs can inclutle thc use of special processing atn~osplleres. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2103.2 Exposure. When locating ovens, oven heaters and related equipment, the possibility of fire resulting from overheating or from thc escape of fucl gas or fucl oil and the possibility of damage to the building and injury to persons resulting from explosion shall be considered. 2103.3 Ignition source. lnd~lstrialovcns and f~~rnaccs shall bc located s o as not to posc arl ignition hazard to tlammablc vapors or rnists or combustiblc dusts. 2203.4 Temperatures.Roofs and floors of ovens shall bc insulntcd and ventilated to prcvcnt tempcra1u1-es at combustiblc ceilings and floors from exceeding 160°F(7 1 "C).
SECTION 2104 FUEL PIPING 2104.1 Fuel-gas piping. Fucl-gas piping serving industr~al ovens shall comply with thc I~itcniatiorzc~I F~iciG a s Code. Piping for othcl. fuel sourccs shall cornply with this scct~on. 2104.2 Shutoff valves. Each industrial oven or furnncc shall be prov~dedwith an approved manual fuel shutoffvalvc in accordance wilh thc Interrznrio~zulMeclzanicul Code or the Jrzrenzutionnl Fuel Gas Code. 2104.2.1 Fuel supply lines. Valvcs for fnel supply lines shall bc located wilhin 6 fect (1829 111nl) of thc appllancc scrvcd. Exception: Whcn approved and thc valve is located in the sarne gcneral a c a as thc appliance served. 2104.3 Valve position. Thc dcsign of manual fuel sll~ltoff valvcs shall illcorporate a permancnt fcature which visually indicatcs the open or closcd position of the valve. Manual fuel shutoff valvcs shall not be cquippcd with removable handlcs or wrenches anlcss the handle or wrench can only be installcdparallel with the fucl line when the \:alvc is in the open position.
SECTION 2105 INTERLOCKS 2105.1 Shut down. Interlocks shall be prvviclcd for Class A ovens so that conveyors or- avurces of flammable or combustible materials shall shut down if cithcr thc c x l ~ a i ~ sort ly recirculation ail- s ~ ~ p pfails.
INDUSTRIAL OVENS
SECTlON 2106 FIRE PROTECTION
2106.1 Required protection. Class A and B ovcns which contain, or arc utilized for the processing of. combustible materials shall be protected by an approved antornatic fire-extinguishing systcm complyirlg with Chapter 9. 21'06.2 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems. Fixed fire-cxtinguishing systems shall be provided for Class C or D ovens to protect against such hazards as overheating. spillage of rnoltcn salts or metals. quench tanlts: ignition of hydraulic oil and escape of fuel. It shall be the user's responsibility to consult with the fire code official concerning the necessary requirerncnts for such protection. 2106.3 Fire extioguishers. Portable fire extinguishers complying with Scction 906 shall be provided not closer than 15 feet (4572 mnl) or a rnaxim~lnlof 50 feet (15 240 rnm) or in accordance with NFPA 10. This shall apply to the oven and related equipment. SECTION 2107 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 2107.1 Furnace system information. An approved, clearly worded, and prominently displayecl safety design data form or inanufacturcr's nameplate shall be provided stating the safe operating condition for which the furnace system was designed, built, altered or extended.
2107.2 Oven nameplate. Safety data for Class A solvcnt atmosphere ovens shall be furnished on the manufacturer's nameplate. Thc nameplate shall provide the following design data: I . Thc solvent used. 3. The number of gallons (liters) used per batch or per hour of solvent entering the oven. 3. Thc required purge time. 4. The oven operating temperature.
5. The exhaust blower rating for thc number of gallons (liters) of solvent per hour or batch at the maximum opcrating temperalure.
Exception: For low-oxygen ovens, the inaxiinuin allowable oxygeu conccntration shall be included in place of the exhaust blowel. ratings. 2107.3 'haining. Operating. maintenance and supervisory person~lelshall be thoroughly itistl.uctcd and trained in the operation of ovcns or furnaces. 2107.4 Equipment maintenance. Equipment shall be maintaincd in accordance with the manufdcturcr's instructions.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 22
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES SECTlON 2201 GENERAL
FLEET VEIIICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. That portion of a commercial, industrial. governmental or manufacturing property where liquids uscd as fuels are stored and dispensed into thc fuel tanks of motor vehicles that are used in connection with such businesses, by persons within the employ of such businesses.
2201.1 Scope. Automo~ivernotor fuel-dispensing facilities, marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities. fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages shall be in accordance with this chapter and the bztc~rnnriorzalH~lildirtgCoile, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). A tluid in the liquid h~terricitiol~nl Fuel Gas Code and the It~te~~i~aiior~cllhfecl~n~~ical stateco~nposedprrdon~inantly of methane and which may conCode. Such operations shall include both operations that are cthane, propane, nitrogcn or othcr tain minor quantities of accessible to the public and private operations. components normally found in natural gas. 2201.2 Permits. Permits shall be recluircd as set forth in SecMARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACI1,LTY. That tion 105.6. portion of property where tlammahlc or combustible liqnids or 2201.3 Construction doruments. Construction documents gases used as fucl for watcrcraft are stored and dispensed from shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installafixed equipment on shore, piers: wharvcs, tloats or bargcs into tion or constmction of automotive, marine or fleet vehicle the fuel tanks of watercraft and shall include all othcr facilities nlotor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages in accorused in connection therewith. dance with Section 105.4. REPAIK GARAGE. A building, structure or portion thereof 2201.4 Indoor motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Motor uscd for servicing or repairing motor vehicles. fuel-d~spensingfacilities located inside buildings shall comply SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILw ~ t hthc Fr~rerr~nriorml Br~rld~r~g Code and NFPA 30A. ITY. That portion of motor fuel-dispensing facility where liq2201.4.1 Protection of floor openings in indoor motor id motor fuels are dispensed from tixed approvcd dispeusing fi~cl-dispensingfacilities. Where lnotor fuel-dispensing equipment into [he fuel tanks of motor vehicles by persons facilities are located insiclc buildings and the dispensers are facility attendant. other than a motor filcl-dispe~~sing locatcd abovc spaces within the building, openings bencath dispensers shall bc scalccl to prevent the flow of leaked fuel to lower building spaces. SECTION 2203 LOCATION OF DISPENSING DEVICES 2201.5 Electrical. Electricdl wir~ngand cquiptnent shall be ~uitablcfor the locations in which they are installed and shall 2203.1 Location of dispensing dsevices. Dispensing dcvices comply with Section 605, NFPA 30A and the ICC Electrical shall be located as follows: C(>l/C?. 1. Ten fcet (3045 i n n ) or more froin lot lincs. 2201.6 Heat-prodocing appliances. Heat-producing appli2. Ten feet (3048 mm) or more from buildings having comances shall bc suitable for thc locatio~lsin which they arc hustible exterior wall surfaces or buildings having installed ancl shall comply with KFPA 30A and the Iiliertlnnoncombustible cxtcrior wall surfaces that arc not part of tinr~ulFuel Gtrs Code or the I~~ter?iarionnl ~VIechc~nical Code. a I-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly or buildings having combustible overhangs.
SECTION 2202 DEFlNlTlONS 2202.1 Definitio~ls.The following words and terms shall. for LIIZ purposes of t h ~ chapter s and as used elsewhere in this code, havc the mcanings shown herein. AUr1OMOTlVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACIIJ1TY. That portion of property where flammable or combustiblc liquids 01-gases uscd as lnotor fuels are stored and dispcnsed from fixed equipment intcl the fuel tanks of lnotor vehicles. DlSPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TH7PE. A dispensing device that consists of one or more individual units intendcd for installation in co~ljunction with each other. rnountcd abovc 3 dispensing area typically within the lnotor fuel-dispcnsi~igfacility canopy stmcture, and characterized by the LISC of an overhead hose reel. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Exception: Canopics constructed in nccordancc with Buildirzg C o t i ~131-ovidingweather the Fr~terrzutioi~ul protection for the fucl islands. 3. Sueh that all portions of the vchicle being i'iieled will be on the premises of the motor fuel-dispensing facility. 4. Such that the nox~le.when the hose is fully extended. will not reach within 5 fcet (1524 mm) o f b u ~ l d ~ nopc~ig ings. 5. Twenty feet (6096 mm) or more from fixed sourcc.s of ignition.
2203.2 Emergency disconnect switches. An approved. clearly identified and readily accessible ernersency disconncct switch shall be provided at an approved location. to stop the transfer of fuel to the fctel dispensers in thc event o f a ~ L I C I spill or other emergency. A11 clnergency disconnect switch for exte197
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
rior fucl dispcnscrs shall be located within 100 feet (30 480 nim) of, but not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from, the fuel dispcnscrs. For interior fuel-dispensing operations, the emergency disconnect switch shall be installed at an approved location. Such devices shall be distinctly Iabcled as: EMERGENCY FUEL SHUTOFF. Signs shall b e provided in approved locations.
SECTION 2204 DISPENSING OPERATIONS
2204.1 Supervision of dispensing. The dispensing of fuel at motor fucl-cl~spcnsingfacilities shall be conducted by a qualified attendant 01.shall bc undcr the supervision of a qualified attcndant at all times or shall be in accordance with Scction 2204.3. 2204.2 Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Attendcd sclf-service motor fuel-dispensing fricilities shall comply with Sections 2204.2.1 through 2204.2.5. Attended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall havc at least onc qualified attendant on duty whilc the facility is open for business. The attendant's primary fu~ictionshall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of fuel. The attendant shall prevent the dispensing of fuel into containers that do not comply with Section 7204.4.1, control sources of ignition, give immediate attention to accidcntal spills or relcascs. and be prepared to use fire extinguishers. 2204.2.1 Specinl-type dispensers. Approved special-dispcnsing doviccs and systems such as, but not limited to, card- or coin-operated and remote-preset types. are allowed at motor fucl-dispensing facilities provided thcre is at least onc qualified attcndant on duty while the facility is open to the public. Remote preset-type devices shall be set in the "oft7'position whilc not in use so that the dispenser cannot be activated without the knowledge of the attendant. 2204.2.2 Emergency controls. Approvzd emergency controls shall be provided in accordance with Scction 2203.2. 2204.2.3 Operating instructions. Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approvcdlocations on cvery dispenser. 2204.2.4 Obstructions to view, Dispensing devices shall bc in clear vicw of the attendant at all timcs. Obstructions sliall not bc placcd betwecn thc dispensing area and the attcndant. 2204.2.5 Communications. The attendant shall be ablc to communicate with persons in the dispensing area at all timcs. An approved method of communicating with the fire department shall bc provided for the attendant. 2204.3 Unattended self-servicemotor fuel-dispensingfacilities. Unattended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2204.3.1 through 2204.3.7. 2204.3.1 General. Whcre approved, unattended self-service motor fuel-dispensing facilities arc allowed. As a condition of approval, the owner or operator shall provide, and be accountable for. daily site visits, rcgular equipment illspection and maintcnnncc.
2204.3.2 Dispensers. Dispensing devices shall cornply with Section 2206.7. Dispensing devices operated by the insertion of coins or currency shall not bc used unless approved. 2204.3.3 Emergency controls. Approved cmcrgcncy controls shall be provided ill accordance with Section 2203.2. Emergency controls shall bc of a type which is only manually resettable. 2204.3.4 Operating instructions. Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approvcd locations on every dispenser and shall indicatc the location of thc emergency controls rcqu~redby Section 2204.3.3. 2204.3.5 Emergency procedures. An approved emergency procedures sign. in addition to thc slgns rcquired by Section 2205.6, shall be posted in a conspicuous location and shall read:
LnJ CASE O F FIRE, SPILL OR RELEASE 1. USE EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF 2. REPORT THE ACCIDENT! FIRE DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE NO. FACILITY ADDRESS
2204.3.6 Communications. A telephone not requiring a coin to opcratc or other approvcd, clearly identified nicans to notify thc fire departrncnt shall be providcd on the site in a location approved by the fire code official. 2204.3.7 Quantity limits. Dispensing equipment L I S C at ~ unsupcrviscd locations shall comply with one ofthe follow111g: 1. Dispensing devices shall be progranimed or set to limit uninterrupted f~ieldclivcry to 25 gallons (95 L) and require a manual action to resunic delivery. 2. The amount of fuel being dispensed shall be limited in quantity by a preprograrumcd card as approvcd.
2204.4 Dispensing into portable containers. The dispensing of Ilamniable or combustible liquids into portable approved containers shall comply with Sections 2204.4.1 through 2204.4.3. 2204.4.1 Approved containers required. Class 1, I1 and IIIA liquids shall not bc dispenscd into a portable container unless such colitaincr is of approvcd tnatcrial and construction, and has a tight closure with screwed or spring-loaded cover so designed that the contents can bc dispenscd without spilling. Liquids shall not bc dispensed into portable tanks or cargo tanks. 2204.4.2 Nozzle operation. A hose nozzle valve used for dispensing Class I liquids into a portable container shall be in compliance with Section 2106.7.6 and be manually held open during the dispensing operation. 2204.4.3 Location of containers hcing filled. Portable containers shall not be filled while located insidc the trunk, passenger colnpartlncnt or truck bed of a vehicle. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
SECTION 2205 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2205.1 Tank filling operationsfor Class I, I1 or IlIA liquids. Delivery operations to tanks for Class I. 11 or IIlA liquids shall co~nplywith Sections 2205.1.1 througl12205.1.3 and the applicable requirements of Chaptcr 34. 2205.1.1 Delivery vehicle location. Where liquid delivery to abovc-ground storage tanks is accomplished by positive-pressure operation, tank vehicles shall be positioned a minimum of 25 feet (7620 mm) from tanks receiving Class 1 liquids and 15 feet (1572 rnm) from tanks receiving Class 11 and IIIA liquids. 2205.1.2 Tank capacity calculation. The driver. operator or attendant of a tank vehiclc shall. before making delivery to a tank, determinc thc unfilled, available capacity of such tank by an approved gauging device. 2205.1.3 Tank fill connections. Dclivcry of flammable liquids to tanks more than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) in capacity shall be made by means of approved liquid- and vapor-tight connections betwccn the delivery hose and tank fill pipe. Where tanks are cquipped wirh any typc of vapor rccovery systcm, all connections required to be madc for the safe and propcr functioning of the particular vapor rccovery process shall bc ~nadc.S L I Cconnections ~ shall be made liquid and vapor tight and remain connected throughout thc unloading proccss. Vapors shall not bcdischarged at grade level during delivery. 2205.2 Equipment maintenance and inspection. Motor h~cl-dispensing facility equipment shall be maintained in proper working order at all times in accordance with Sections 2205.2.1 through 2205.2.3. 2205.2.1 Dispensing devices. Where ~naintenanceto Class I liquid dispensing devices hecornes necessary arid such maintenance could allow the acciclcntal release or ignition of liquid. the follow~ngprecautions shall be taken before such ~naintcnanccis bcgun: 1. Only persons knowledgeable in pcrforining the required maintenance shall pcrfo~onnthe w o k. ~
2. Electrical power to thc dispensing device and pump \erving the dispenser ahall hc shut off at the main electrical disconnect pancl. 3. The crnergency shutoff valve at the dispenser, where lustalled, shall be closed. 3. Vehicle traffic and unauthorized persons shall bc prcvented fro111comlng w ~ t h ~12 n feet (3658 mm) of Lhe dispensing device.
1
2205.2.2 ICmergency shutoff' valves. Automatic emergency shutoff valves required by Section 1206.7.4 shall be chccked not less than once per year by manually tripping thc hold-open linkage. 2205.2.3 Leak detectors. Lcak detection devices required by Sect~on2206.7.7.1 shall be checked and tested at least annually in accordance wilt1 the manufacturel.'~specitications to ensure proper installation and operation. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
2205.3 Spill control. Provisions shall bc madc to prevent liquids spilled during dispensing operations from flowrng into buildings. Acceptable mcthods include. b~rtshall not 1x2 limitcd to, grading driveways, raising doorsills, or other approved Illealls. 2205.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open tlames shall bc prohibited in areas where fuel is d~spensed.Thc engines of vehicles being fueledshall he shut off during fueling. Electl.ica1 cquipmcnt shall be In accordance with the ICC Elec,triccri Code. 2205.5 Fire extinguishers. Approved portable fire extingu~sherscomplying with Section 906 with a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C shall be provided and locatcdsuch that an extinguisher is notxnorc than 75 feet (22 860 nirn) from pumps, dispcnscrs or storagc tank fill-pipe openings. 2205.6 Warning signs. Warning signs shall bc consp~cuously posted within sight of each dispenser in the fuel-dispc~ising arca and shall stale thc following: 1. No smoking.
2. Shut off noto or. 3. Discharge your static electricity before fueling by touching a metal surface away from the nozslc. 3. To prevent static charge, do not reentcr your vehicle while gasoline is pumping.
5. If a fire starts, do not remove nozzlc-back away i~nrnediatcly. 6. It is unlawful and dangerous to di~penscgasoline illto unapproved containers. 7. No filling of portable containers in or on a motor vehiclc. Place container on ground before filling.
2205.7 Control of brush and debris. Fenced and diked alcas surrounding above-ground tarlks shall be kept free from vegetalion. debris and other material that is not nece5saly to the proper operation ot the tank and pip~ngsystcm. Weeds, grass, brush, trash and othcr combustible materials shall bc kept not less than 10 fec1 (3048 mm) froni fuel-handling equipment.
SECTION 2206 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES 2206.1 General. Storage of fla~ilmahlcand combustible licluids shall be in accordance with Chapfer 34 and Lhis section.
2206.2 Method of storage. Approved methods of storage for Class I, 11and IlIA liquid fucls at motor fucl-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2206.2.1 through 2106.2.5. 2206.2.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks for the storage of Class 1,II and JllA liquid fucls shall cornply with Chaptcr 34. 2206.2.1.1 Inventory control for underground Canlts. Accurate daily inventory records shall bc maintained and reconciled on u~tdergroundfuel storage tanks Ibr indica-
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
tion of possible leakage from tanks and piping. The records shall be kept at the premises or rnade available for inspection by the tile code official within 24 hours of a written or verbal request and shall include records for each product showing daily reconciliation between sales, use, receipts and inventory on hand. Where there is ~norcthan one system consisting o f tanks serving separate pumps or dispensers for a product, the re con cilia ti or^ shall be ascertained separately for each tank system. A consistent or acciticntal loss of product shall be irnmediatcly reported to the fire code official.
2206.2.2 Above-ground tanks located inside buildings. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class 1, I1 and IIIA liquid fuels are allowed to be located in buildings. Such tanks shall be located in special enclosures complying with Section 2206.2.6. in a liquid storage room or aliquid storage warehouse complying with Chapter 34, or shall be listed and labeled as protected above-ground tanks. 2206.2.3 Above-ground tanks located outside, above grade. Above-ground tanks shall not be used for the storage of Class 1,11 or IIlA liquid motor fuels except as provided by this section.
code official. other above-ground tanks that comply with Chapter 34. Tank locations shall be in nccordance with Table 2206.2.3. 3. Tanks containing fuels shall not exceed 12,000 gallons (45 420 L) in individual capacity or 48.000 gallons (181 680 L) in aggregate capacity. Installations with the ~ ~ ~ a x i mallowable uin aggregate capacity shall be separated from other such installations by [lot less than 100 feet (30 480 mm). 4. Tanks located at famls, construction projects, or rural areas shall coii1pIy with Section 3406.1.
2206.2.4 Above-ground tanks located in above-grade vaults or below-grade vaults. Above-ground tanks used for storage of Class I, 11 or IlIA liquid motor f ~ ~ e are ls allowed to be installed in vaults located above grade or below grade in accordance with Section 3404.2.8 and shall conlply with Sections 2206.2.4.1 and 2206.2.4.2. Tanks i n above-grade vaults shall also cornply with Table 2206.2.3.
I . Above-ground tanks used for outside, above-grade storage of Class I liquids shall be listed and labeled as protected above-ground tanks and be in accordance with Chapter 34. Such tanks shall belocated in accordance with Table 2206.2.3. 2. Above-ground tanks used for above-grade storage of Class 11 or lIlA liquids are allowed to be protected above-ground tanks or, when approved by the fire
2206.2.4.1 Tank capacity limits. Tanks storing Class I and Class 11 liquids at an individual site shall be limited to a maximum individual capacity of 15,000 gallons (56 775 L) and ail aggregate capacity of 45,000 gallons ( 181 680 L). 2206.2.4.2 Fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Tanks storing Class 11 and Class IIlA liquids at a tlcet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facility shall be limited to a maximum individual capacity of 20,000 gallons (75 700 L) and an aggregate capacity of 50,000 gallons (302 800 L).
TABLE 2206.2.3 MINIMUM SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ABOVE-GROUND TANKS
1
MINIMUM DISTANCE ! FROM LOT LINE ! MINIMUM DISTANCE ( FROM NEAREST 1 THAT IS OR CAN BE MlNlMUM DISTANCE 1 BUILTUPON, ! FROM NEAREST IMPORTANT MINIMUM DISTANCE BUILDING ON SAME / FROM NEAREST INCLUDING THE SlDE OF ANY MINIMUM DISTANCE PROPERTY FUEL DISPENSER OPPOSITE SlDE OF ' PUBLIC WAY BETWEEN TANKS A PUBLIC WAY (feel) (feet) (feet) (feet) (feet)
1
/
CLASS OF LIQUID AND TANK TYPE pl olecred above-ground lank5
Clars I
I
INDIVIDUAL TANK CAPACITY (aailonsl
/
1
1
Ixsr than or equal to 6,000 . - -
- --
Greater than 6,000 -
Class I1 and 111 protected ahove- round
1
/
-
-
25
-
I
+--.
-
15
.
I Same as Class I
Same as Class I
i
Same as Class I
Same as Class I
!
Sanlc as Class I
... .--
All
i
i I
~
3 ~-:
Simlc as Class I
j
I 0
I
. .-
I
i 0-20,000
.
!
!
1 Other tanks
I -
0
1
Sep21rate
!
3
j conlpartlnenl 1 required for each
-
100
50
For SI: 1 fooc = 304.8 mm, 1 g ~ l l o n= 3.785 L. a. At flcel vehicle ruotol. Fi~el-dispensingfacilities, no minimuni separation dishnce is required. h. Underground vaults shall he located sucii thnc they will not he suh,ject to loading from nerlrhy scriictiires, or thcy sl~allhe designed to accummodate applied loads from cxisting 01. t'utl~reslructurcs that can be built nearby.
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MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
2206.2.5 Portable lanlts. Where approved by the fire code official, portable tanks are allowed to be tc~ilporarilyused in conjunction with the dispensing of Class I, I1 or IIIA liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or rnotorizcd cquipmcnt on premises not normally accessible to the public. Thc approval shall include a definite tirne limit. 2206.2.6 Special enclosures. Wl~eleinstallation of tanks in accordance with Section 3404.2.1 1 is impractical, or bccause of property or building limitations, tanks for liquid motor fucls are allowed to be installed in buildings in special enclosures in accordance with all of the following: I . The special enclosure shall be liquid tight and vapor tight.
2. The special enclosure shall not contain backfill. 3. Sides, top and bottom of the special enclosure shall be of rc~nforcedconcrete at least 6 inches (152 mm) [hick. with openings for inspection through the top only.
4. Tank connections shall be piped or closed such that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space between the special enclosure and ally tanks inside the spccial enclosure. 5. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment can be employed to discharge to the outside any vapors which might accumulate inside the special enclosurc should leakage occur. 6. Tanks containing Class I, I1 or IIIA liquids inside a
s p c c ~ a lenclosure shall not exceed 6.000 gallons (22 7 10 L) in individual capacity or 18.000 gallolls (68 130 L) in aggrcgatc capacity. 7. Each tank wlthin special enclosures shall bc wrrounded by a clear space of not less than 3 feet (910 mm) to allow for maintenance and inspection.
2206.3 Security. Above-ground tanks for the storage of liquid motor fucls shall be safeguarded from public access or unauthorized entry in an approved manner. 2206.4 l'hysical protection. Chard posts complying with Scction 3 12 or other approved means shall be provided to protect above-ground tanks against impact hy a motor vehicle ~ ~ n l c s s the tank is listed as a protected above-ground tank with vehicle impact protection. 2206.5 Secondary containment. Above-ground tanks shall be provitled with drainage control or diking in accol-dance with Chapter 34. Drainage control and diking is not required for listed secondary containmelit tanks. Secondary containment systems shall bc monitored either visually or automatically. Enclosed secondary containment systems shall be provided with cnicrgency venting in accordance with Section 2206.6.2.5. 2206.6 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for use with flammable or combustible liquids. Thc design, Fahrication, assembly, testi~lgand inspection of piping, valves, fittings and ancillaly equipment for use with tlammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 and h Scctions 2206.6.1 t h r o ~ ~ g2206.6.3. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2206.6.1 Protection from damage. Piping shall be located such that it is protected from physical damage 2206.6.2 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for above-ground tanks for Class I, 11 and IlIA liquids. Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment Sor above-ground tanks shall cornply with Sections 2206.6.'. 1 through 2206.6.2.6. 2206.6.2.1 Tank openings. Tank openings i'or above-ground tanks shall be through the top only. 2206.6.2.2 Pill-pipe connections. The fill pipc for above-ground tanks shall be provided with a means for rnaking a direct connectiun to the tank vehicle's fucl-delivery hose so that the delivery of fuel is not exposed to the opcn air during thc filling operation. Where any portion of the fill pipe cxterior to the tank extends belo~vthe level of the top of the tank, a chcck valve shall be installed in the fill pipc not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the fill-hose connection. 2206.6.2.3 Overfill protection. Overfill protcction shill1 be provided for above-ground flzunmable and col-nbustible liquid storage tanks in accordance with Scctions 3404.2.7.5.8 and 1404.2.9.6.6. 2206.6.2.4 Siphon prevention. An approved antisiphon method sllall bc provided in the piping system to prcvcnt flow of liquid by siphon action. 2206.6.2.5 Emergency relief venting. Abovc-ground storage tanks, tank compartments and encloxed sccondary containment spaces shall be provided with clncrgency relief venting in accordance with Chapter 34. 2206.6.2.6 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks with a lop fill connection, spill containers shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a rcinote fill connection, a portable spill container i s allowed. 2206.6.3 Piping, valves. fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks. Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks shall con~plyw ~ t h Chapter 34 and NFPA 30A. 2206.7 Fuel-dispensing systems for flalnmt~bleor combustible liquids. The design, fabrication and installation of fuel-dispensing systems for fla~llmablcor combustible liquid fuels shall be in accorda~wewith Scctions 2206.7.1 through 2206.7.9.2.4. 2206.7.1 Listed equipment. Electrical equipment, dispcusers, hose, nozzles and submersible or subsurface pumps used in fucl-dispcnsing systems shall be listed. 2206.7.2 Fixed pumps required. Class I and I1 liquids shall be transferred from tanks by lneans of fixed pumps dcsigncd and equippcd to allow control of the flow and prevent Icakage or accidental discharye. 2206.7.3 Mounting of dispensers. Dispensing devices cxcept those installed on top of a protcctcd abovc-grou~ld
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
tank that qualifies as vchiclc-impact resistant, shall be protected against physical damage by mounting on a concrcte island 6 inches (I52 mm) or Inore in height. or shall be protected in accordance with Scction 312. Dispensing dcvices shall be installcd and securely fastened to thcir mounting surfacc in accordance with the dispenser manufacturer's instr~~ctions. Dispensing devices installcd indoors shall be locatcd in an approved position where they caniiot bc struck by an out-of-control vehicle descending a ramp or other sloue.
I
2206.7.4 Dispenser emergency valve. An approved automatic emergency shutoff valve designcd to close in the event of afire or impact shall be properly installed in the liquid supply line at tlie base of cach dispenser supplied by a remote pump. The valve shall be installed so that tlie shear groove is flush withor within ]/,inch (12.7 min) of the topof the concrete dispenser island and there is clearance provided for ~uaintcnanccpurposes around the valve body and operating parts. The valve shall be installedat the liquid supply line inlet of each overhead-type dispenser. Where installed, a vapor return line located inside the dispenser housing shall have a shear section or approved flexible c o ~ i nector for the liquid supply line emergency shutoff valve to function. Emergency shutoff valves shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, tested at the time of initial installation and at least yearly thereafter in accordance with Section 2205.2.2. 2206.7.5 Dispenser hose. Dispenser hoses shall he a masimum of 18 fect (5486 mm) in length unless otherwise approvcd. Dispcnscr bows shall be listed and approvcd. Wllcn not in uue, hoses shall be reeled, rackcd or otherwise protected from damage. 2206.7.5.1 Breakaway devices. Dispenser hoses for Class I and I1 liquids shall be equipped with a listed emergency breakaway dcvice dcsigned to retain liquid on both sides of abl-eakaway point. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where hoses are attached to hose-retrieving mechanisms, the emergency breakaway dcvicc shall be located bctwecn the hose nozzle and the point of attachment of thc hose-retrieval mechanism to the hosc. 2206.7.6 Fuel delivery nozzles. A listed automatic-closing-typc hosc nozzlc valve with or without a latch-open device shall be provided on island-type dispensers usedfor dispcnsing Class I, 11 or lIlA liquids. Ovei-head-type dispcnsing units shall be provided with a hosc nozzle valve without a listed i~~~toniatic-closing-typc latch-opcn device.
Exception: A listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzlc valve with latch-open device is allowcd to be used on ovcrhcad-typc dispensing units where the design of thc system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automaticallv in the event the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a driveway. 2206.7.6.1 Special requirenlents for nozzles. Where dispciising of Class 1, I1 or IIIA liquids is performed, a 202
listed automatic-closing-type hose nozzlc valve shall bc used incorporating all of the following fe;~tu~.cs:
I . The hose nozzle valve shall bc equipped with an integral latch-open device. 2. When the flow of product is normally controlled by devices or equipment other than the hose nozzlc valve, the hose nozzlc valve shall not be capable of being opencd unless the dclivcry hose is prcssurized. If pressure to the hose is lost. the nozzle shall close automatically.
Exception: Vapor recovery nozzles incorporating insertion interlock dcvices designcd to achieve shutoff on disconnect froni the vcliiclc fill pipe. 3. The hose nozzle shall be designed such that the nozzle is retained in the fill pipe during the filling operation. 4. The system shall includc listed cquiplnent with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the hose nozzle valve before the product flow can be resumed or before the hosc nozzle valve can be replaced in its normal position in the dispenser.
2206.7.7 Remote pumping systems. Rcmote pumping systems for liquid fuels shall co~nplywith Sections 2206.7.7.1 and 2206.7.7.2. 2206.7.7.1 Leak detection. Where remote pump\ arc used to supply fuel dispensers, cach pump shall havc installcd on the discharge side a listcd leak dctcction dcvice that will detect a leak in the piping and dispenser\ and provide an indication. A leak detection dcvicc is not I required if thc pipitig from the pump discharge to undcr the dispenser is above ground and visible. 2206.7.7.2 Location. Remote pumps installed above grade, outside of buildings, shall be locatcd not less than 10 fect (3048 mm) froni lines of adjoining propcrty that can be built upon and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from any building opening. Wherc an outside pump locatiori is impractical, pumps are pcrmittcd to bc installed insidc buildirigs as provided for dispensers in Scction 1201.4 and Chapter 34. Pumps shall be substantially anchored and protected against physical darnagc. 2206.7.8 Gravity and pressure dispensing. Flamniablc liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanlts, drums, barrels or similar containers. Flamtnable or combustible licluids shall not be dispensed by a device operating through pressure within a storage tank, drum or container. 2206.7.9 Vapor-recovery and vapor-processingsystems. Vapor-recove~yand vapor-processing systcms shall be in accordance with Sections 2206.7.9.1 through 2205.7.9.2.4. 2206.7.9.1 Vapor-balance systems. Vapor-balance systcnis shall comply with Sections 2206.7.9.1.1 tliro~~gli 2206.7.9.1.5. 2206.7.9.1.1 Dispensing dcvices. Dispensing devices incorporating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed and labeled. Whcn existin$ listcd or 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
labeled dispensing devices are rnodificd for vapor recovery, sucli modifications shall be listed by report by a nationally rccugnized testing laboratory. The listing by report shall contain a description of the component parts used in thc modification and recommended ~ilethodof installation on specific dispensers. S ~ l c h report shall be made available on rcqucst of the fire code official.
fro111 fuel-~ransferareas and not lcss than 18 inchcs (457 mm) abovc tank fill opcnings and tops of dispenser islands. Vapor-processing units shall be locatcd not less than 10 fect (3048 mm) Sronl the Ileal.est building or lot linc of a property which can bc built upon.
Means shall be provided to shut down fuel dispensing in the event the vapor rcturn linc bccomcs blocketl.
Exception: Wherc the required distances to buildarcas cannut be ings. lot lines or f~~el-trancfcr obtained. means shall be provided to protect equipment against firc cxpohurc Acccptablc means shall inclndc but not bc li~nitcdto:
2206.7.9.1.2 Vapor-return line closeoft: An acccptablc mcthod shall be provided to close off the lapor return linc from dispcnscrs when the product is not being dispensed.
, 1. Approved protcctivc c n c l o s ~ ~ r c swhich extcnd at least 18 inclics (457 mm) abovc the cquipmcnt. const~ucledof fire-resistant or noncombustible materials; or
2206.7.9.1.3Piping. Piping in vapor-halancc systems shall hc in accordance with Sections 3403.6.3404.2.9 and 3404.2. l I . Nonmetallic piping shall be illstalled in accordance with the manufacturcr's installation
2. Fire protection using an approved watcrspray system.
Existing and new vent piping shall he in accordance with Scctions 3403.6 and 3404.2. Vapor return piping shall be installcd in a manlier that drains back to tlic tank, without sags or traps ill which liquid can become trapped. If necessary. because of grade, condcnsate tanks are allowed in vapor rcturn piping. Condensate tanks shall be designed and installed so that they can be drained without opening.
2206.7.9.1.4 Flexible joints and shear joints. Flexiblc joints shall he installcd in accordancc with Section 3403.6.9. An approved shear joint shall be rigidly mounted and connected by a union in the vapor retiun piping at the basc of each dispensing devicc. The shear joint shall be rnountcd flush with the top of the surface on which thc dispenser is mounted.
2206.7.9.1.5 Testing. Vapor return lines and vcnt piping shall be testcct in accol.dance with Sectioii 3403.6.3. 2206.7.9.2 Vapor-processing systems. Vapor-processing systems shall coniply with Scctions 22067.9.2.1 through 2206.7.9.2.4. 2206.7.9.2.1 Equipment. Ecluipmen~in vapor-processing systcms. including hose nozzle valvcs, vapor pumps, flame arrestcrs, fire checks or systcms for prcvcntion of flame PI-opagation.controls and vapor-proccssing equipment. shall be individually listed for the intcnded LISC in a specified manner. Vapor-processing systcms that introducc air into the underground piping or storage tanks shall bc provictcd with equipment for prevention of flame propagalion that has bcen tested and listcd as suitablc for thc intended use. 2206.7.9.2.2 Location. Vapor-processing equipmcnt shall be locatcd at or abovc grade. Sourccs of ignition shall be located not lcss than 50 feel ( 1 5 240 mm) 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Vapor-processing ecluipment shall bc locatcd a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from dispensing devices. Processing equipmcnt shall be protectcd against physical clanlagc by guardrails, curbs, protectivc enclosures or fcncing. Where approved protective enclosures are uscd, approved nicans shall be providcd to ventilate thc volume within thc cnclosurc to prevent pocketing of flammable vapors. Where a downslope exists toward thc location of the vapor-processing unit liom a fuel-trausfcr arca. the fire code official is authorized to require additional separation by distance and height.
2206.7.9.2.3 Installation. Vapor-processing units ly on concretc, masonry or shall be s e c ~ ~ r c mounted structural stccl supports on concretc o r other noncon~bustiblcfoundations. Vapor-rccovcry and vapor-processing equipmcnt is ;illowed to bc installed on roofs when approved. 2206.7.9.2.4 Piping. Piping in a mechanical-assist system shall be ir~accordancc with Sections 3103.6.
SECTIQN 2207 LIQUEFIED PETRQLEUM GAS MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES 2207.1 General. .Motor fucl-dispensing facilities for liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) fucl bhall bc in accordancc with t h ~ s section and Chapter 38. 2207.2 Approvals. Storagc vessels and equipment used for the storagc or dispens~ngof LP-gas shall hc approvcd or listed in accordancc with Scctions 2207.2.1 and 2207.2.2. 2207.2.1 Approved rquipment. Containers, prcssurc relief devices (including pressure rclicf valvcs), prcssurc rcgulators and piping for LP-gas shall bc approvcd. 2207.2.2 Listed equipment. Hoscs, hose connections. vchiclc fuel connections, dispcnscrs, LP-gas pnlnps and e d LP-gas shall he listcd. electrical equipnlcnt ~ ~ s for 2207.3 Attendants. Rlotor fuel-dispensing operations for LP-gas shall bc conducted by qualified attendants or in accor-
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
dance with Section 2207.6 by persons trained in the proper handling of I,P-gas.
2207.4 Location of dispensing operations and equipment. In addition to the requirements of Section 2206.7, the point of transfer for 1B-gas dispensing operations shall be 25 fect (7620 mm) or ~ n o r cfrom buildings having cornbustible exterior wall surfaces. buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are not part of a I -hour fire-resistance-rated assembly, or buildings having combustible overhangs, lot lines of property which could be built on, public streets: or sidewalks and railroads; and at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from driveways and buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces that are part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly having a rating of I hour or more. Exception: The point of transfer for LP-gas dispensing operations need not be separated from canopies that are constmcted in accordance with the Intcn~ntio~zulBuilcIir~g Code and which provide weather protection for the dispensing equipment. LP-gas containers shall be located in accordance with Chaptcr 38. LP-gas storage and dispensing equipment shall be located outdoors and in accordance with Section 7206.7.
2207.5 Installationof LP-gas dispensing devices and equipment. The iostnllation and operation of LP-gas dispensing systerns shall be in accordance with Scctions 2207.5.1 through 2707.5.3 and Chapter 78. LP-gas dispensers and dispensing stations shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and their listing. 2207.5.1 Valves. A manual shutoff valve and an excess flow-control check valve shall be located in the liquid line between the pump and the dispenser inlet where the dispensing dcvice is installed at a remote location and is not part of a conlplete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base. An excess flow-control check valve or an emergency shutoff valve shall be installed in or on the dispenser at the point at which the dispenser hose is connected to the liquid piping. A differential backpressure valve shall be considered equivalent protection.
A listed shutoff valve shall he located at the discharge end of thc transfer hose.
2207.5.2 Hoses. I-Ioses and piping for the dispcr~singof LP-gas shall be provided with hydrostatic relicf valvcs. The hosc length shall not exceed 18 fect (5486 mm). An approved method shall be provided to protect the hose against mechanical damage. 2207.5.3 Vehicle impact protection. Vehicle impact protection for LP-gas storage containers, punlps and dispensers shall be provided in accordance with Section 2206.4. 2207.6 Private fueling of motor vehicles. Self-service LP-gas dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensinq systems, shall not be open to thc public and shall be limited to-rhe filling of permanently mounted fuel containers on LP-gaspowcred vehiclcs.
204
In addition to the requirements of Sections 2205 and 2206.7, self-serljice LP-gas dispensing systen~sshall be in accordance with the following: 1. The system shall he provided with an enlcrgency shutoff switch located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of, but not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from, dispensers. 2. The owner of the LP-gas motor fuel-dispensing facility shall provide for the safe operation of the system and the training of users.
2207.7 Overfilling. LP-gas containers shall not be tilled in excess of the fixed outage installed by the manufacturer or the weight stamped on the tank. SECTION 2208 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FAClLlTlES 2208.1 General. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities for compressed n a t ~ ~ rgas a l (CNG) fuel shall be in accordance with this sectionand Chapter 30. 2208.2 Approvals. Storage vessels and equipment used for the storage. compression or dispensing of CNG shall be approved or listed in accordance with Sections 2208.2.1 and 2208.2.2. 2208.2.1 Approved equipment. Containers, compressors, pressure relief devices (including pressure relief valves), and pressure regulators and piping used for CNG shall be approved. 2208.2.2 listed equipment. Moses. hose con~lections,dispensers. gas detection systems and electrical equipment used for CNG shall be listed. Vehicle-fueling connections shall be listed and labcled. 2208.3 Location of dispensing operations and cquipment. Compression, storage and dispensing equipment shall be located above ground. outside. Exceptions: 1. Compression. storage or dispensi~~g equiprnc~ltshall be allowed in buildings of noncombustible construcBuiltlirlg Code, tion. as set forth in the Ir~trr.~zatiot~trl which are unenclosed for three quarters or more of the perimeter. 2. Compression, storage and dispensing cquipment shall be allowed indoors or in vaults in accordance with Chapter 30.
2208.3.1 Location on property. In addition to the rccluire~nentsof Section 2203.1, co~npression,storage and dispensing equipment not located in vaults complying with Chapter 30 shall be installed as follou~s: 1. Not beneath power lines. 2. Ten feet (3045 mm) or more from the nearest building or lot line that could bc built on. public strect. sidewallc or source of' ignition. Exception: Dispensing equipment ~iccdnot be separated from canopies that are constructed in
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
accordancc with the ii~tei-t~utioiznl Buiilfing Codc and that providc weather protection for the dispcnsing equipment.
2208.8.1.2 Atmospheric venting. Atlnosphcric vcnling of CNG shall comply with Scclions 2208.8.1.2.1 through 2208.8.1.2.6.
3. Twenty-five feet (7620 mm) or ITI~I-e from the nearest rail of any railroad track and 50 feet (15 240 mm) or more from thc nearest rail of any railroad main track or any railroad or transit line where power for train propulsion is provided by an outside electrical source, such as third rail or overhead catenary.
2208.8.1.2.1 Plans and specifications. A drawing illustrating the location of thc vessel support, piping, the mcthod of grounding and bonding, and othcr requirements spccificd herein shall be provided LUthe fire code official for review and approval. 2208.8.1.2.2 Cylinder stability. A mcthod of rigidly supporti~lgthe vcssel during the vcntiiig of CNG shall b e provided. The sclected method shall providc not lcss than two points of support and shall prevent the horizontal and lateral movcn~entof the vcsscl. The system shall be tiesigned to prevent the movcment of the vcssel bascd on thc highest gas-relcasc vclocity through valve orifices at the vessel's rated pressurc and volume. The structurc or appurtcnancc shall bc constructcd of noncombusiiblc materials.
4. Fifty feet (1 5 240 mm) or no re from the vertical plane below the nearest ovcrhead wire of a trolley bus line.
2208.4 Private fueling of motor vehicles. Self-cervicc CNG-dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensing systcms, shall be limited to the filling of permanently ~nountedfuel containers on CNG-poweled vehicles. In addition to the requirements in Section 2205, the owncr of a self-scrvicc CNG motor fucl-dispensing facility shall ensure thc safe operation of the system and the training of uscrs.
2208.8.1.2.3 Separation. The stmctu~eor appurtcnancc used for stabilizing the cylinder shall bc scparated from the sitc equipment, features and exposures and shall bc located in accordance with Table 2208.8.1.2.3.
2208.5 Yressr~rcregulators. Pressul-e reg~llatorsshall be dcsigned and installed 01. protected so that their operation will not bc affccted by the elemcnts (frcezjng rain, slect, snow or ice), mud or dcbris. The protection is allowed to be an integral part of the regulator. 2208.6 Valves. Gas piping to equipment shall bc provlded with a rcmote. readily accessible manual shutoff valvc. 2208.7 Elnergenry shrrtdown control. An emergency shutdown control shall be located within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of, ) dispensers and shall but not less than 25 feet (7620 ~ n mfrom, also bc providcd in the compressor area. Upon activation, the enicrgc~lcyshutdown system shall auton~aticallyshut off thc power supply to thc compressor and close valves between the main gas supply and the compressor and between the storage containers and dispensers. 2208.8 Discharge of CNG from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. Thc dischargc of CNG from motor vehicle fuel cylindcr5 for the purposes of maintenance. cylindcr certification, calibration of dispensers or othcr activities slrall be In accordance with Scctions 2208.8.1 through 2208.8.1.2.6. 2208.8.1 Methods of discharge. Thc discharge of CNG from motor vchiclc h ~ c lcylinders shall be accomplished through a closcd transfer system in accordance with Scctian 2208.8.1.1 or an approved method of atmospheric venting in accordancc with Section 2208.8.1.2. 2208.8.1.1 Closed transfer system. A documcntcd proccdurc that explains thc logical sequcnce for discharging thc cylinder shall he providetl to the iirc code official for revicw and approval. Thc procedure shall include what actions the opcrator will take in the event of a low-pressure or Iligb-prcssure natural gas releasc during the discharging activity. A drawing illustrating the arrangement of piping, regulators and equiprncnt settings shall be provided to tlic iirc code official for rcviecv and approval. Thc drawing shall illustxate the piping and regulator :wangemcnt and shall be shown in spatial relation to the location of thc compressor, storase vessels and emergcncy shutdown dcvices. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TABLE 2208.8.1.2.3 SEPARATION DISTANCE FOR ATMOSPHERIC VENTING OF CNG -.--
[--MINIMUM ~
~p
Lot lines ~Public ----ways
-~
~-
SEPARATION
i i
~.
..
- -
-+
. ~-
- .
25
1 Vehicles
-
-
I
For SI: 1 loot = 304.8 mm.
2208.8.1.2.4 Grounding and bonding. The structurc or appurtenance used for supporting the cylindcr shall be grounded In accordancc with the ICC Eiectr-ical Cotie. The cylinder valvc shall be bonded prio~to the commcnccmcnt of veutlng ope~,~tions. 2208.8.1.2.5 Vent tube. A vent tube that will dive] t the gas flow to atmosphere shall be installed on the cylinder prior to commencement of the venting and purging operation. Thc vent tube shall be constl-~~ctcd of pipe or tubing materials approved for usc with CNG in accordancc with Chapter- 30. The vent tube shall be capable of dispersing thc gas a minimunl of I 0 feet (3038 111111) above grade level. The vent tube shall not be provldcd with a rain cap or other fcaturc which would limit or obstruct the gas flow. At the connection fitting of thc vent tube and thc CNG cylintier, a listed bidirectional detonation tlanic arrester shall bc provided.
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
the distance from any one enclosing wall shall bc not less than one-half the length of thc tank or a n ~ i n i m u nof~ 5 feet (1524 mm).
2208.8.1.2.6 Signage. Approved "No Smoking" signs coniply~ngwith Section 310 shall be posted within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the cylindcr support mucturc or appurtenance. Appl.oved CYLINDER SHAI,L RE BONDED signs shall be posted on the cylinder supporl structure or appurtenance.
2209.3.2 Location of dispensing operations and equipment. Generation, compression, storage and dispcnsing equipment shall be located in accordance with Sections 2209.3.2.1 through 2209.3.2.6.3.
SECTION 2209 HYDROGEN MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING AND GENERATION FAClLllTlES 2209.1 General. Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing and gcneration l'ac~liticsshall be in accordance with this section and Chap[ ter 35. Where a fuel-dispensing facility also includes a repair garage, the repair operation shall comply with Sectlon 221 1 .
TABLE 2209.3.1 MINIMUM SEPARATION FOR GASEOUS HYDROGEN DISPENSERS, COMPRESSORS, GENERATORS AND STORAGE VESSELS . - - .. . . ~
.
-~
~
1
2209.2.1 Approved equipment. Cylinders. containers and tanks: pressure relief devices, including pressure valves: hydrogcn vaporizers; pressurc regulators: and piping used for gascous hydrogcn systcms shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 3003, 3203 or NFP.4 55. 2209.2.2 Listed equipment. Hoses, hose connections, compressors, hydrogcn generators, dispensers. detection systems and electrical equipment usedfor hydrogen shall be listed for use with hydrogen. Hydrogen motor fueling connections shall bc listed and labeled for use with hydrogen. 2209.2.3 Electrical equipment. Electrical installatious shall be in accordance with the ICC Elrctricczl Code. 2209.3 Location on properly. In addition to the requirements of Scction 2203.1, generation, conipression, storage and dispensing equipment shall bc located in accordance with Sections 2209.3.1 through Section 2209.3.3. 2209.3.1 Separation from outdoor exposure hazards. Gcncration. compression and dispensing cquipment shall bc separated from other fuels or equivalent risks to life. safety and bwldings or public areas in accordance with Table 2209.3.1. Exception: Closcd systems with a hydrogen capacity of 3.000 cubic fcet (85 rn7) or less at NTP. 2209.3.1.1 Barrier wall construction-gaseous hydrogen. The outdoor separation shall be allowed to bc reduced to 5 feet (1 524 mm) whcre a ?-hour fire barrier interrupts the lineof sight betwccn equipment, other than dispensers, and the exposure within the radial distance as indicated by the tabular value. Thc height of thc barrier shall bc a niinimumof 6 feet (I 829 nim), butl~otless than 1.5 tirncs the height of the equipment, measured vertically. The length of the wall shall be not less than 1.5 tirncs the ~naximumdiameter or length of thc tank. 2209.3.1.2 location of equipment. Equipment. shall be Located from the cnclosing walls at a distance not less than one tank diameter. Whc~ihorizontal tanks are used. 206
,
-
~
OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT OR FEATURE --
Building-Nonconlbustible ~~
2209.2 Equipment. Equipment used for the generation, compression, storage or dispensing of hydrogen shall be designed for the specific application in accordance with Sections 21-09.2.1 through 2209.2.3.
~
1
.
walls.-
Building-Combust~ble walls . - . . . .. - 0
.
Air intake openings
.
~.
.
. .-
-
~
~
-
~
~.~ ~ -~ ~
~~
I
DISTANCEa
i
10h.c
1
(feet)
- ~ : ~ ~ - .'. ~ 1 ~ -
~
'
.
-
. .
t ~ ~ -
~~-
~-
~
.
.
/ Ign~tionsource'
I
llammable or comburtihle liquid with Section
'1
..
.
_
.
-
..
.
- -
50
!
.
..
Underground flammdble or combu.;tible llqu~d \toldoc-distance opcnlng kC . - - to vcnt -- or fill . - ---
-
..
i
I
Above-ground flmlnable gas storage (other Lhan hydrogen)-without emergency shutoff interconnected with the hydrogen system . . _
I
25
I
.. . - - ~
~~~
,
Comhu.tible wastc material (see Sectial 304.1.1) . I
1
I 1
1
~
1
Vertical plane of thc nearest wire of overhead electrical. power. .distribution . _~lines .
~
~
1_
~ - ~- - .
50'.
Vertical plane of the nearest over.hcad electric wire I 1 of an electric. trolley, train or. bus line .. - -
1
20
C
-
Flammable gas storage (other thau hydrogen)with emergency shutoff inlerconnected with the hydrogen system ~ - . ~.. . .
i
.
50 ..
-
-
. ...~.
5
.
1
-
~
~.:
~
For S1: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. 1 cubic Soot = 0.02Y3?m3. a. The applicability of tabular distance is in temis of a radius that detines a hemisphere from the source when not interrupted by ;III intervc~iing fire har~ i e without r through pc~~etralions. b. Scc Section 1209.3.1.1. c. Tlie dispenser and point of transfer for dispensing nccd not be seplratsd from canopies constructed in acco~.daiiccwith Scclion 406.5 oC the Irrtc~.tzo~ionalU~rildir~, Code and ~ ( l n s b ~ l c t cinda manner that prevents the acculnulalior~of hydrogen gas. d. Mcasured along the n a t ~ ~ rand a l unobstri~ctedli~le of travel (e.g., nr~)undprotectivr walls, around corncrs of buildings). e. Ignition sowces include :~ppli:inccburner igniters. hut work and hot surl;icts capnblc of igniting flalnmahlc vapors.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
2209.3.2.1 Outdoors. Generation. compre\sion, storage or dispens~ngequipment shall be allo\iled outdoors in accordancc with Section 2209.3.1. 2209.3.2.2 Weather protection. Generation, compression, storage or dispensing equipment shall be allowed under weather protcction in accordance with [he requirements of Section 2703.13 and constructed in a manner that prcvents thc accunlulation of hydrogen gas. 2209.3.2.3 Indoors. Generation, compression, storage and dispcnsing equlpmcnt shall be located in indoor rooms or areas conqtructed in accordance with thc 1-equire~nentsof the Ir?ten~i~riortul Building Code. the Irzrerrrolioizul Fuel Gas Code and the Intel-ilationul Mecl~ctjiisalCode and one of the following: 1 . Inside a building in a hydrogen cutoff room dcsigned and constructcd in accordancc with Sec~iorl420 of the Ir~tc~~rzatiorznl B ~ r i l d i ~Codc. ~g 2. Inside a h~~ilciing not in a hydrogcn where the gascous hydrogen system labcletl for indoor installation and accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
cutoff roo111 is listed and installed in installation
3. lnsidc a building in a dedicated hydrogen fuel dispensing arca having an acggrcgate hydrogeu delivcry capacity no greater than 12 standard cubic feet per minutc (SCFM) and designed and constructed in accordz~ncewith Section 703.1 of thc I~zte17znf i o ~ l nFLW/ l Gas Code.
2209.3.2.3.1 Maintenance. Gaseous hydrogen systems and detection devices shall be maintained in accordancc with the manufacturer's instructions. 2209.3.2.3.2 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibitcd 111 hydrogcn cutoff rooms. "No Smoking" slgns shall he providedat a11 entrances to hydrogen cutoffroo~ns. 2209.3.2.3.3 Ignition source control. Opcn flames, flamc-producing devices and other sources of ignition shall bc controlled in accordance with Chaptcr 35. 2209.3.2.3.4 Housekeeping. Hydrogen cutoff rooms shall be kept frec f r o n ~co~nbustiblcdebris and storage. 2209.3.2.4 Gaseous hydrogen storage. Storage of gascous hydrogcn shall he in accordance with Chapters 30 and 35. 2209.3.2.51,iquefied hydrogen storage. Storage of liqueficd hydrogcn shall bein accordancc witliChaptcr 32. 2209.3.2.5.1 Location or1 property. In addition to the requirements of Scction 2203.1, above-ground liquefied hydroget1 storagc containers, compression and vaporization equipment ser-vl~igmotor fuel-dispensing operations shall bc located 25 Sect (7630 nun) from buildings havmg combustible cxterior wall surexterior wall faces: buildings having noncon~b~lstible surfaccb that are not part of a I-hour fire-rcsistance-ratcd assembly: wall openings; lot lines of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
property that could bc built on; public strccts and parked vehicles.
2209.3.2.5.1.1 Barrier wall construction-liqnefied hydrogen. The outdoor separation distance shall be pcrmitted to be reduccd to 5 fcet (1524 mm) where a 2-hour fire barricr interrupts the linc of sight between cquipmcnt. other than dispensers, and the exposure within thc radial distance as indicatcd by the tabular value. Thc height of the barrier shall be aminimurn of 6 feet (1 829 mm) but no less than 1.5 times the height of erluipmcnt, othcr than the cryogenic storage vessel, measured vertically. The length of the wall shall bc no lcss than 1.5 times the maximum diameter or length of thc tank. The 2-hour fire barrier shall not havc more than two sides at apprvximatcly 90-dcgrce (1.57 rad) directions, or threc sides with connecting :ingles of approximately 135 degrees (2.36 lad). When fire barricr walls on thrce sides arc used, piping and control systems serving stationary tanks shall bc located at the ope11 side of thc cnclosurc created by the harrier walls. 2209.3.2.5.1.2 Location of' equipment. Equipment shall be located from the enclosing walls at a distance not less than one tank diamctcr. When horizontal tanks areused thc distance from any one enclosing wall shall be not less than one-half the lcngth of the tarrk or a nlinimum of 5 feet ( 1 524 nun). 2209.3.2.6 Canopy tops. Gaseous hydrogcn comprcssion and storage cquiplnent located on top of motor fuel-clispensing facility canopies shall bc in accordatrce with Scctions 7209.3.2.6.1 through 2209.3.2.6.3, Chaptcrs 30 and 35 and the I~~te-n~ationc~l F ~ l rGus l Code. 2209.3.2.6.1 Construction. Canopics shall be constructed in accordancc with themotor fuel-dispensing facility canopy requirenicnts of Scction 406 of the I~~tenzutioiiul Building Code. 2209.3.2.6.2 Fire-extinguishit systems. Fuel-dispcnsing areas under canopies shall bc equipped throughout with an approvcd automatic sprinkler systcm in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1. The dcsign of the sprinkler system sl~allnot bc less than that rcquircd for Extra Hazard Group 2 occupancics. Operation of the sprinkler system shall activatc the emergency functions of Scctions 2209.3.2.6.2, I and 2209.3.2.6.2.2. 2209.3.2.4.2.1 Emergency discharge. Operation of the automatic sprinkler systcm shall activate an automatic emergency discharge sy-stcm. which will discharge tlie hydrogen gas from the cquipment on the canopy top through thc vcnt pipe system. 2209.3.2.6.2-2 Emergency shutdown control. Operation of the automatic sprinklcr systcm shall activate the emergency shutdown control rccluired by Scction 2209.5.3.
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FAClLlTlES AND REPAIR GARAGES
2209.3.2.6.3 Signage. Approved signage having ?-inch (51 mm) block letters \hall be affixed at approvcd locations on the exterior of the canopy structure stating: CANOPY TOP HYDROGEN STORAGE.
I I)
2209.3.3 Canopies. Dispensing equipment need not be scparated from canopies of Type I or 11 const~uctionthat are constructcd in a manner that prevents thc accumulation of hydrogen gas and in accordancc with Section 406.5 of thc Iiztcri~ntiorinlBzrildirlg Code. 2209.4 Dispensing into motor vehicles at self-service hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Self-service hydrogen motor fucl-dispensing systems, including kcy. code and card lock dispensing systems, shall be limited to the filliiig of permanently n~ountcdfircl containers on hydrogen-powercd vchicles. I n ;iddition 10 thc require~nentsin Section 221 1, the owner of a self-service hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facility shall providc for thc safc operation of the systcni through the institution of a fire safety plan submitted in accordancc with Scction 404, thc training of employees and operators who use and ~naintainthe system in accorda~lcewith Scction 406. and provisions for hazard communication in accordance with Section 407. 2209.5 Safety precautions. Safety precautions at hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing and gencration facilitics shall be in accordance with Scctions 2209.5.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6. 2209.5.1 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or othcr approved means shall be providcd to protcct hydrogen storage systcrns and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 31 2. 2209.5.2 Emergency shutoff valves. A manual cmergency shutoffvalve shall be provided to shut down the flow of gas from the hydrogcn supply to thc piping system.
2209.5.2.1 Identification. Manual emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the localion shall bcclcarly visible. accessible and indicaled by means of a sign. 2209.5.3 Emergency shutdown controls. In addition to thc rnan~~al emergency shutoff valvc required by Section 2209.5.2, a i-errrolely located, manually activated emergency shutdown control shall be providcd. An emergency shutdown control shall be Iocatcd within 75 fect (22 860 mm) of, but not less than 25 fect (7620 mni) from, dispcnsers and hydrogcn generators. 2209.5.3.1 System requirements. Activation of the cmergency shutdown control shall automatically shut off the power supply to all hydrogcn storage, comprcssion and dispcnsing equipmcnt: shut off natural gas or othcr filcl supply to the hydrogcn generator; and closc valves between the main supply aiid the compressor and between the storage containers and dispcnsing cquipinent. 2209.5.4 Venting of hydrogen systems. Hydrogen systems shall be equipped ~ i t hpressure rclief dcvices that will relievc cxcessive internal pressure in accordancc with Scctions 2209.5.4.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6. 2209.5.4.1 Location of discharge. Hydrogc~lvented from vent pipe systcnis serving pressure relief deviccs or purging systcms shall not bc discharged insidc buildings or under canopies used for wcathcr protcction. 2209.5.4.2 Pressure relief devices. Portions of thc system subject to overpressure shall bc protected by prcssure relief deviccs designcd and installed in accordancc with the rcquire~nentsoSCGA S-1 .I, S-I .2, S-1.3 or the ASME Boiler nild Pi~ssur-eVessel Code, as applicable. Containers used for the storage of liquefied hydrogen shall be providcd with pressure relief dcviccs in accordance with Section 3203.2.
I ground
ground
Lot Line
I
H .= Minimum tmight in fcct ~ )vent f pipc above the gi.ound ur ahove ally structure or equipment within distance ( D ) where personr~elmight be prc's'nl D = Distance in feet to a d j a c c ~struclure ~t or e q ~ ~ i p ~ i l ewhere r l t p e r s o n ~ ~~izight el be present.
FIGURE 2209.5.4.3.4 HYDROGEN VENT PIPE HEIGHT (H) VERSUS DISTANCE (D) REQUIREMENTS 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
I 1
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
native vcnting systems shall bc allowcd when in accordance with Section 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.4.2,l Minimum rate of discharge. The mininlunl flow capacity of pressurc rclief devices on hydrogcn storage containers shall be at least the capacity requircd by Scction 23-09.5.4.2or the capacity rcquired to accommodate a hydrogen compressor that fails to shut dovvn or unload. whichever is greater.
2209.5.4.3.5 Maliimum flow rate. The vent pipe system shall bc sized based on thc maximum flow rate for the system served and be specified on the construction documents. The maximum flow rate shall bc dctermined in accordancc with the rcquircn~cntsof CGA S-1.3 using the aggregate gas tlo111 rate from all connected vent, purge and relief dcviccs that opcratc sin~ultaneously during a venting operation. purging operation or emergency relief event.
2209.5.4.3 Vent pipe. Stationary containers and tanks shall be provided with a vcnt pipe system that will divert gas discharged from pressure relief devices to the atmosphere. Vent pipc systems serving pressure relief devices and purging systems used for operational control shall be designed and constructed in accordancc with Sections 23-09.5.4.3.1 through 2209.5.4.3.6.
2209.5.4.3.6 Alterlrative venting systems. Where alternative vcnting systems are used in lieu of the requiremel~tsof Section 2209.5.4.3.5, an a~talysisof radiant heat exposures and hydrogcn concentrations shall be pl-ovidcd.Thc analysis of exposure to radiant heat shall assume a wind speed of 30 fectlscco~td (9.14 nllsec) and provide a dcsign that limits radiant heat exposure to thc maximum values shown ill Table 2209.5.4.3.6(1). The analysis of exposurc to hydrogen concentration shall providc a design that lin~its the ~naximunihydrogen concentration to the values shown in Table 2209.5.4.3.6(2).
2209.5.4.3.1 Materials of construction. The vent pipe cystcm shall be constructed of materials approved for hydrogen servicc in accordance with ASME B3 1.3 for the rated pressure, volume and tempcraturc of gas to be transported. The vent piping shall bc designed for thc maximum backpressure within the pipe, but not less than 335 pounds per sclual-c inch gauge (psig) (2310 kPa). 2209.5.4.3.2 Structural support. 'The vent pipe system shall be supported to prevent structural collapsc and shall be provided with a rain cap or other feature that would not limit or obstruct the gas flow from vcnting vertically upward.
SECTION 221 0 MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES 2210.1 General. The construction of inarine motor fucl-dispensing facilities shall be in accordancc with thc I ~ ~ i r r ~ ~ u t i o ~ ~ u l Building Code and NFPA 30A. Thc storage of Class 1.11or IllA liquids at n~arinemotor fucl-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 34.
2209.5.4.3.3 Obstructions. A means shall be provided to prevent water, ice and other debris from accumulating insidc thc vent pipc or obstructing the vent pipe. 2209.5.4.3.4 Height of vent and separation. The height (H) and separatio~ldistance (D) of the vent pipe shall meet the criteria set forth in Table 2209.5.4.3.4 for the con~bi~iations of maximum hydrogcn flow rates and vent stack opcning diamelers listed. Altcr-
2210.2 Storage and handling. The storage and handling of Class 1. I1 o1.1lIAliquids at marine motor fucl-dispensing facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2210.2.1 throogh 2210.2.3.
P
TABLE 2209.5.4.3.4 VENT PIPE HEIGHT AND SEPARATION DISTANCE ERSUS HYDROGEN FLOW RATE AND VENT PIPE DIAMETER "3b,c,d,c*'
1
1
I I 1 13 17 I Zh 40 53 XI I ! . i 1 !1 . . . ; For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 fool = 304.8 nim, 1 ~ t u i f ?= 3 . 1 5 3 ~ ' i n 1 ~1 ,Footisecot~d= 304.8 mmlsec. a. h41r1imulndist:~nceto property line is 1.?_5D. b. Designs seekine to achieve greater hcights with co~nnlensuratereductions in sepal-ationdistances shall he deaignedil~accol.daoci. wirl~:~cccplcdensintcringpracIICC. L.. With his table pcrsoi~~lel on Ihe grout~doron (he building andlor equipnlent are exposetl to a maximum of 1,500 Btuihr. ft2,andare assunled to bc provided will^ :I tileans to ehcap? t o n shielded area within 3 rlilnutes, including thr casr of i~ 30 rl.lsec. wind. d. D-sigt~sscchirl~to ;\chievi. greater radiant exposures to ttoncombustible equipmct~tshall be desigrled irl accordance wilh :lccepted el~gineeringpr;lclicc. c. The at~alysis~~eflccled in this table does not pe~rnithydrogen nirn~ixturcsthat wouldexceed one hillf of thclowerflan~mal~le limit (LFL) ti~rhydn~geu (2 pcrtxnl by kolume) ;lt the huilding ol- rqnipn~ent,iltcluding tlic cast oF ;\ 30 ft./sec, wind. I: See Figure 2?00..5.3.3.4. g. For vanl pipe dial~letersup to and iticluding 2 inches. h. For vrr~lpipc dinmetc~sup to and including 3 inches.
I
1
Distance (ft)
1.
.
.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
~
~
~
~
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
TABLE 2209.5.4.3.6(1) MAXIMUM RADIANT HEAT EXPOSURE ~- .
~~
-.
EXPO=
7
I
OBJECT
~
~
.
.
I......
--
I
MAXIMUM RADIANT HEAT -
1~ I
Noncombustible eq~~iprner~t
I~ ..---~. .-
1,500 . . . B tuihrn2 . - .(4732 .W/m2) . . 8.000 Btuihrft2 (25 237 Wim2)
Lo1 line -
I
500 Btfirr12 (1577 W/m2)
i 1
Any
J
TABLE 2209.5.4.3.6(2) MAXIMUM HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION EXPOSURE .~
EXPOSED OBJECT . - .
Personnel, building or equipment
...
- .
I
..
~
~
~
~
50% L.FL3thin 1.25 times the distar~ceofDand H ofTable 2209.5.4.3.4
2210.2.1 Class I, 11 or IIIA liquid storage. Class 1, I1 or 111.4 liquids stored inside of buildings used for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilitics shall be storcd in approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of Class 1liquids shall not exceed 10 gallons (38 L). Exception: Storage in liquid storage rooms in accordance with Section 3404.3.7. 2210.2.2 Class I1 or IIIA liquid storage and dispensing. Class 11 or IIlA l i q ~ ~ i stored ds or dispensed inside of buildings used for marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be storcd in and dispensed from approved containers or portable tanks. Storage of Class 11 and IllA liquids shall not excced I20 gallons (454 L). 2210.2.3 Heating equipment. Heating equipment installed in Class I, 11 or lIlA liquid storage or dispensing areas shall comply with Section 220 I .h. 2210.3 Dispensing. The dispensing of liquid fuels at marine n~otorfuel-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2210.3.1 through 2210.3.5. 2210.3.1 General. Wharves, piers or floats at niarine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall bc used exclusively for the dispensing or transfer of petroleum products to or from marine craft. except that transfer of essential ship stores is alluwed. 2210.3.2 Supervision. Marine motor file]-dispensing facilor super-visor who is fi~llyaware ities shall have an atte~~dant of the opcration, mechanics and hazards inherent to fueling of boats on duty whenever the facility is open for business. 'I'he attendant's primary f~inctionshall be to supervise, ob.scrve and control the dispensing of Class 1, I1 or IlIA liquids or flammable gascs. 2210.3.3 Hoses and nozzles. Dispensing of Class I, I1 or IIIA liquids into the fuel tanks of marinc craft shall be by means of an approved-typc hose equipped with a listed aulo~natic-closingnozzle without a latch-open device. Hoses used for dispensing or transferring Class 1. 11 or IIlA liquids, when not in use, shall be reeled, racked or othcrwise protected from mechanical damage. 2210.3.4 Portable containers. Class 1, [I or IIIA liquids shall not he dispcnsed into a portable co~itaincr-unlesssuch container is approved. 21o
~
I500/r'LFL within a distance of D and H oisTable2200.5.4.3.4 ~
Lo1 line
1
MAXIMUM~HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION . .. . -
A
2210.3.5 Liquefied petroleum gas. Liquefied petrolcum gas cylinders shall not he filled at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities unless approved. Approved storagc fi~cilities for LP-gas cylinders shall be providcd. See also Section 2207. 2210.4 Fueling of marine vehicles at other than approved marille motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Fueling of floating marine craft with Class I fuels at other than a marinc motor fuel-dispensing facility is prohibited. Fueling of floating marine craft with Class 11 or 111 fuels at other than a marinc motor fuel-dispensing facility shall be in accordance with all of the following: I. l h e premises and operations shall be approved by the fire code officiiil. 2. Tank vehicles and fueling operations shall cc?mply with Section 3406.6.
3. The dispensing nozzle shall be of the listed automatic-closing type without a latch-open device.
4. Nighttin~edeliveriesshall only be made in lighted areas. 5. The tank vehicle flashcrlights shall be in operation while dispensing. e l toprc6. Fuel expansion space shall be left in e a c h f ~ ~tank vent overflow in the event of tempcraturc increase.
2210.5 Fire prevention regulations. General tire safety rcguIations for marinemotor fucl-dispensing facilities shall comply with Sections 2210.5.1 through 3210.5.7. 2210.5.1 Housekeeping. Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner. Accumulations of rubbish or waste oils in cxcessivc amounts shall be prohibitcd. 2210.5.2 Spills. Spills of Class 1, 11 or 1llA liquids at or on the water shall be reported irnmcdiately to thc fire deyartment and jurisdictional authorities. 2210.5.3 Rubbish containers. Metal containers with tight-fitting or self-closing metal lids shall bc provided fbr the temporary ston~geof combustible trash or rubbish. 2210.5.4 Marine vessels and craft. Vcsscls or craft shall not be made fast to fuel docks serving other vcsscls or craft occupying a berth at a marine noto or fuel-dispensing filcility. 206
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MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
2210.5.5 Sarrrccs of ignition. Construction, nlaintcnancc. rcpair and reconditioning work involving the use of opcn flames, arcs or spark-producinp devices shall not be pcrformed at marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities or within 50 fcet (15 240 mm) of thc dispensing facilities, including piers, wharves or floats, except for emergency repair work approvcd in writing by the fire code official. Fueling shall not be conducted at the picr. wharf or float during the course of such emergency repairs. 2210.5.5.1 Smoking. Smoking or open flames shall be prohibited within 50 feet ( J 5 240 mm) of fueling operations. "No Smoking" signs complying ulith Section 310 shall be posted conspicuously about the premises. Such slgns shall have lettcrs not lcss than 4 inchcs ( 1021nn1) in hcight on a background of contrasting color. 2210.5.6 Preparation of tanks for fueling. Boat owners and operators shall not offer thcir craft for fueling uliless thc t;mks being filled are propcrly vented to dissipate fumes tu thc outside atmosphere. 2210.5.7 Warning signs. Warning slgns shall be prominently displayed at the face of each wharf, pier or float at such elevation as to be clearly visiblc from thc decks of marinc craft being fueled. Such signs shall have letters not less than 3 inchcs (76 mni) in height on a background of contrasting color bcaring the following or approved equivalent wording \VA4KNING NO SMOKING-STOP ENGINE WHILE FUELING, SHLJT OFF ELECTRICITY. DO NOT START ENGINE UNTIL AFTER BELOW DECK SPACES ARE VENTILATED.
2210.6 Fire protection. Fire protection features for marinc motor fuel-dispensing facililies shall co~nplgwith Sections 2210.6.1 through 2210.6.4. 2210.6.1 Standpipe hose stations. Firc hose. wherc provided, shall be encloscd within a cabinet, and hose stations shall be labeled: FIRE HOSE-EMERGENCY LJSE ONLY. 2210.6.2 Obstruction of fire protection equipment. Materials shall uot be placed on a picr in such a manner as to obstruct access to firc-fighting equipment or pip~ngsystc~n control valvcs. 2210.6.3 Access. Where the picr ii accessible to vehicular traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access by fire apparatus. 2210.6.4 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers in accordance with Section 906, each having a minimum rating of 20-B:C, shall be provided as follows: 1 . Orre or1 each float.
2. Onc on the picr or wharf within 25 fcet (7620 m ~ nof ) thc head of the gangway to ~ h float, c unless the oi'ficr is within 25 feet (767-0 mm) of the gangway or is on the float and an extinguisher is provided thereon. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 2211 REPAIR GARAGES 221 1.1 General. Repair garages shall cornply with this section and the Irtter;.7utionnl Bllilditirzg Collcl. Rcpair garages for vehicles that use more than one typc of fuel shall colnply with the applicableprovisions of this section for each typc of fuel used. Where a repair garage also includes a motor fuel-dispensing facility, the fuel-dispensing opcration shall complq with the requirements of this chapter for motor fuel-dispensing facilities.
2211.2 Storage and use of flammable and combustible liquids. The storage and use of flammable and co~nbustibleliqulds in repair garages shall coinply with Chapter 34 and Sections 221 1.2.1 through 22 11.2.4. 2211.2.1 Gleaning of parts. Cleaning of parts shall bc conducted in listed and approved parts-cleaning rnachincs in accordance with Chapter 34. 2211.2.2 Waste oil, motor oil and other Class IIIB liquids. Waste oil, motor oil and other Class IILB liquids shall be stored in approved tanks or containers, which arc allowcd to bc stored and dispe~~sed from inside repair garages. 2211.2.2.1 Tank location. Tanks storing Class IILB liquids in repair garages are allowed to be located at, bclow or above grade, provided that adequate drainagc or containment is provided. 2211.2.2.2 r,irlt~idclassification. Crankcase drninings shall be classified as Class lllB liquids unless otherwise determincd by testing. 2211.2.3 Drainage and disposal of liquids and oil-soaked waste. Garage floor drains, where provided, shall drain to approvcd oil separators or traps discharging to a sewer in accordance with the Ititernntiontrl Plumhitig Code. Contents of oil separators, traps and floor drainage systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequcnt intervals and removed from the premises to prevent oil from being carried into the sewers. 2211.2.3.1 Disposal of liquids. Cranlicase drainings and liquids shall not he dumped into scwcrs, streams or on the ground, but shall be stored in approvcd tanI\-sor containers in accorda~~cc with Chaptcr 34 until rc~novecl from the premises. 2211.2.3.2 Disposal of oily wastc, Self-closing metal cans shall be used for oily waste. 2211.2.4 Spray finishing. Spray finishing with flammable or combustible liquids shall comply with Chapter 15. 2211.3 Sources of ignition. Sources of ignition \hall not be located with~nI8 inches (457 mrn) of the floor and shall comply with Chapters 3 and 26. 2211.3.1 Equipment. Appliances and cquiprucnt installcd in a repair garage shall coinply with the provisions of thc I t t t e r ~ i a t i n Blcilcling ~~~l Co~le,the I~aterrzutiotralMecbu~ricul Code and the ICC Electrictrl Code. 2211.3.2 Smoking. Smoking shall not bc allowed in rcpair garagcs except in approved locations.
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
221 1.4 Below-grade areas. Pits and below-grade work areas i n rcpair gnragcs shall cornply with Sections 22 1 1.4.1 through 221 1.4.3. 2211.4.1 Construction. Pits and below-grade work areas shall be constructed in accordancc with the hzrer7z~~rionul Rltilcli~~g Cocit,.
221 1.4.2 Means of egress. Pits and below-grade work areas shall be provided with means of egress in accordancc with Chapter 10. 2211.4.3 Ventilation. Where Class 1 liquids or LP-gas are stored or used within a huilding having a basement or pit wherein flamniablc vapors could accumulate, the basement or pit shall be provided with mechanical ventilation in ;~ccordanccwith the hlternatio~lulMechnrzicc~lCode, at a minimum rate of 1.5 cubic feet per minute per square foot (cfrn/ft2) [0.008mV(s - m2)l to prcvent thc accumulation of flammable vapors. 2211.5 Preparation of vehicles for repair. For vehicles powered by gascous fuels. the fuel shutoff valves shall be closed prior to repairing any portion of the vehicle fuel systc~ii. Vehiclcs powered by gascous fuels in which the fuel system has been daruaged shall be i~ispectcdand evaluated for fuel system integrity prior to being brought into the repair garage. The inspection shall include testing of the entire fuel delivery system for leakage.
2211.6 Fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 906. 2211.4 Repair garages for vehicles fuelled by lighter-than-air fuels. Repair garages for the conversion and rcpair of vehiclcs which use CNG, liquefied n a t ~ ~ rgas a l (LNG). hydrogcn or othcr lighter-than-air lnotor fuels shall be in accoldance with Sections 221 1.7 through 221 1.7.2.3 in addition to the othcr recluiren~cntsof Section 221 1. Exception: Repair garages where work is not performed on the fuel systcm and is limited to exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open tlanlc or wclding. 2211.7.1 Ventilation. Repair garages used for the repair of natural gas- or hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an approved mechanical ventilation systcrn. The mechanical ventilation system shall be in accordance with the hatct~rrntiorrulMcchtrlzicai Code and Sections 221 I .7.1.1 and 22 I 1.7.1.2. Exception: Repair garages with natural ventilation when approved. 2211.7.1.1 Design. Indoor locations shall be ventilated ~ltilizingair supply inlets and exhaust outlets arranged to provide uniform air movemcnt to the cxterit practical. Inlets shall bc uniformly arranged on exterior walls near floor level. Outlets shall be located at the high point of the roonl it1 exterior walls or the roof. Ventilation shall be by a continuous mechanical ventilation systetii or by a mechanical ventilation system activated by a continuously monitoring natural gas detection system or, for hydrogen, a contin~~ously n~onitoring flammable gas detection system. each activating at a gas
) 21 2
co~lccntrationof not more than 15 percent of the lower flammable lirr~it(LFL). In all cases, thc systcm shall shut down the fueling system in the event of failure of the ventilation system. The ventilation rate shall bc at lcast 1 cubic foot pel n ~ i n ~ rper t e 12 cubic feet (0.00 139 111'x in3)of room volume.
2211.7.1.2 Operation. The mechanical ventilation system shall operate continuously. Exceptions: 1. Mechanical ventilation systems that arc interloclced with a gas dctection system designed in accordance with Sections 221 1.7.2 through 221 1.7.2.3. 2. Mechanical ventilation s y s t c n ~ sin repair garages that are used only for repair of vehiclcs fueled by liquid fi~elsor odoriledgases. such as CNG, where the ventilation system is elcctrically iilterlocked with the I~ghtingcircuit. 2211.4.2 Gas detection system. Repair garages used for repair of vehicles fueled by no~lodorizedgases, such as hydrogen and nonodorized LNG, shall be provided with an approved flanltnable gas detection system. 2211.4.2.1 System design. The flammable gas dctcction systcm shall be calibrated to the types of fuels or gascs used by vehiclcs to be repaired. The gas dctection system shall be designed to activate when the lcvel of flalnmable gas exceeds 25 percent of the lowcr tlammable limit (LFL). Gas dctection shall also he provided in lubrication or chassis repair pits of rcpair garages ~lscdfor repairing nonodorized LNG-fueled vehiclcs. 2211.7.2.2 Operation. Activation of the gas dclection system shall result in all the following:
1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signals in the repair garage. 2. Deactivation of all heating systems located in the repair garage.
3. Activation of the mechanical ventilation systenl, when the system is interlocked with gas detcction.
2211.7.2.3 Failure of the gas detection system. Failure of the pas detection syste,m shall rcsult in the cleactivation of the heating systciii. activation of the mechanical vcntilation system and where the system is intcrlocl<ed with gas detection and causes a trouble signal to sound in an approved location. 2211.8 Defueling of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. The d~schargcor dctueling of hydrogen fro111 inotor vehicle file1 storage tanlcs for the purpose of nlalntenaoce, cylinder certification, cnlibrat~onof dispcnsers or othcr activities shall bc in accordance with Sections 221 1.8.1 through 22 1 1.8.1.2.4. 2211.8.1 Methods of discharge. The discharge of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage tanks shall be accomplished through a closed transfer system in accordance with 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES
Scction 221 1.8.1.1 01 an approved method of atmospheric venting in accordancc with Section 221 1.8.1.2.
2211.8.1.1 Closed transfer system. A documented prothe s logic sequence for discharging cedure that e x p l a i ~ ~ the storagc tank shall be provided to the code official for review and approval. The procedure shall include what actions thc operator is required to take in the event of a low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen release during discharging activity. Schematic design docunients shall be pi-ovidcd illustrating the arrangement of piping, regulators and cquip~nentsettings. The construction documents shall illustrate tlie piping and regulator arrangement and shall be shown in spatial relation to the location of the compressor, storage vcsscls ant1 enlcrgcncy shutdown devices. 2211.8.1.2 Atmospheric venting of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuel storage containers. When atnlosphcric ventlng is used for the discharge of hydrogen from motor vehicle fuelstorage tanks, such venting shall he in accordance with Sections 221 1.8.1 2.1 through 22 1 1 .X. 1.2.4. 2211.8.1.2.1 Defileling equipment required at vehicle maintenance and repair facilities. All factlities for repairing hydrogcn systerns on hydrogenfuelcd vehicles shall have equipment to defuel vehicle storage tanks. Equipment used for defueling shall be listed and labeled for the intended use. 2211.8.1.2.1.1 Manulgcturer's equipment required. Equipment supplied by the vehicle manufacturcr shall be used to connect the vehicle storage tanks to be defueled to the vent pipe system. 2211.8.1.2.1.2 Vent pipe maxinlum diameter. Dcfueling vent pipes shall have a maximunr inside diametcr of I inch (25 mm) and be installed in accordance with Section 2209.5.4. 2211.8.1.2.1.3 Maximum flow rate. The maximum ratc of hydrogcn tlow through the vent prpe systeni shall not excccd 1,000 cfm at NTP (0.47 nl'fh) and shall be controlled by means of the manufacturer's equipment. at low pressure and without adjustment. 2211.8.1.2.1.4 Isolated use. The vent pipe used fot dciucling shall not bc conncctcd to another venting system used for any other purpoye. 2211.8.1.2.2 Construction documents. Constructic111doc~~liients shall bc 17rovided illustrating the def~relingsystem to bc utilized. Plan details shall bc of sufficicnt dctail and clarity to allow for cvaluation of the piping and control systems to be utilized and includc thc method of support for cylinders, containers or tanks to bc uscd as part of a closed transfer systcm, thc method of grounding and bonding. and other rcquircmerits specified hcrcin. 2211.8.1.2.3 Stability of cylinders, containers and tanlis. A method of rigid1y supporting cylinders, containers or tanks used during the closcd transfer systcm 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
discharge or dcfueling of hydrogen shall bc providcd. The method shall provide not less than two points of support and shall be designcd to resist laterI' l movemcnt of the receiving cylinder, container or tank. 'l'hc system shall be designed to resist movemcnt of the receiver based on the highest gas-rclcase vclocity through valve orifices at the receiver's rated scrvicc pressure and volumc. Supporting structurc or appurtenance used to support receivers shall be const[.ucted of noncombustible materials in accordance with the I~ztet~ri~tio~zal Bllilditzg Code.
221~1.8.1.2.4Grounding and bonding. Cylindcrs, containers or tanks and piping systems uscd for defueling shall hc bonded and grounded. Struct~rres or appurtenances used for supporting the cylinders, containers or- lanks shall bc grounded in accordance with the ICC Electt-icalCode. The valve of the vchicle storage tank shall be bonded with the dcfuclinp system prior to the commencement of discharge or defueling operations. 221 1.8.2 Repair of hydrogen piping. Piping systems containing hydrogen shall not be opened to the atniospherc for repair without first purging the piping with an inert gas to achieve I percent hydrogen or less by volume. Defueling operations and exiting purge flow shall bc vcnted in accordance with Section 221 1.8.1.2. 2211.8.3 Purging. Each individual nlanufactured component of a hydrogen generating, compression, storage or dispensing systeni shall have a lahel affixed as well as a description in the installation and owner's manuals describing the procedure for purging air from the systclll during startup, regular maintenance and for purging hydrogen from thc system prior to disassen~bly(to admit air). For the interconnecting piping hctwccn thc i~ldividulal manufactured components, the pressure rating must be at least 20 times the absoiutc pressure prcsent in the piping when any hydrogen mcets any air. 2211.8.3.1 System purge required. After installation. repair or maintenanec. thc hydrogen piping systcm \hall be purged of air in accordancc with the manufacturer's procedure for purging air fro111thc syslenh.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 23
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE 12. Type. location and spec~ficationsor smoke removal and curtain board systenls.
SECTlON 2301 GENERAL 2301.1 Scope. High-pilcd cornbustiblc storage shall bc in accord;mce with this chapter. In addition to thc requirements of this chapter, the following material-spccific requircrncnts shall apply: I. Acrosols shall bc in accordance with Chapter 28.
2. Flan~rnahleand combustible licluids shall be in accordance with Chapter 34.
3. Hazardous materials shall bc in accordancc with Chaptcr
I
27. 4. Storagc of combustible paper records shall be in accordancc with NFPA 13 and NFPA 230. 5. Storage of combustiblc fibcrs shall be in accordancc with Chapter 29.
13. Dimension and location of transverse and longitudinal flue spaces. 14. Additional information regarding required design features, comnlodities, storage arrangement and fire protection features within thc high-pilcd storagc area shall bc provided at the time of permit, when rcquircd by the firc code official.
2301.4 1I:vacuationplan. When required by the fire code official, an evacuation plan for public accessible arcas and a scparate sct of plans indicating location and width of aisles, location of exits, exit access doors, cxit signs, hcight of stol-age, and locations of hamrdous materials shall bc sublnittcd at the timc of permit application for rcvicw and approval. Following approval of the plans, a copy of thc approved plans shall be maintained on thc premises in an approved location.
6. Storage of ~uiscellaneouscornbustiblc material shall be in accordance wilh Chapter 3. 2301.2 Permits. A perrriit shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6. 2301.3 Construction documents. At the time of building permit application for ncw stnrctures designed to accornrnodate high-piled storage or for rcqucsting a change of occupancyluse, and at the time of application for a storage permit. plans and specifications shall be sublnittcd for review and approval. In addition to thc information required by the I~lter~zcrtiol~alRlrilding Codekrlthe storage permit submittal shall include the information specified in this section. Following approval of thc plans. a copy of the approved plans shall be lnaintaincd on the premises in an approved location. The plans shall includc the followir~g: 1 . Floor plan of the building showing locations and dimensions of high-pilcd storage arcas.
2. Usablc storage height for each storage area.
SECTION 2302 DEFINITIONS 2302.1 Definitions. Thc following words a1111terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used clsewhcre in this code, have thc tllcanings shown hercin. ARRAY. The configuration of storage. Characteristics considered in defining an array includc thc typc of packaging, fluc spaces. height of storagc and colnpactncs\ of storagc.
ARRAY, CLOSED. A storagc configuration havlng a (,-inch (I52 mm) or smaller width vertical flue spacc that restricts air movement through the stored commod~ty.
BIN BOX. A five-sidcd container with thc open side facing an aisle. Bin boxcs are self-supporting or supported by a structure designed so that little or no horizontal or vertical space cxists around the boxes.
C0MMOI)ITY. A comhination of products, packing matcri-
3. Nurnhcr of ticrs withill each rack, ~fapplicable.
als and containcrs.
4. Comuioclit~.clearance hctwecrl top of storagc and the sprinkler dcflcctor for cach storagc arrangement.
D K A CURTAIN. ~ A structure urmngctl to limit the sprcacl of s~nokcand heat along the undcrsidc of the cciling or roof.
5. Aislc dimensions between cach storage al-ray.
EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) SPRINKLER. A sprinkler listcd for early suppression
6. Maxilnuni pile volume for cach storagc array. 7,Jdocation and classificatioll of in dance with Sccrion 2303.
actor-
8, ~~~~~i~~ o~commvditieswhich are handcdoreIlcaPsuI atcd. 9. Location uf I-ccluircdfire department access doors.
10. 'I'ypc of firc supprcssion and fire detection systems.
I 1. Location of valves co~itrollingthc watcr supply of ceiling and in-rack sprinklers. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
fast-re~p""se perforlnance. EXPANDED I'LASTIC. A foam or cellular plastic material havinga reduced density based on the presence of numcrous small cnvitics or cclls dispersed throughout thc m:~tcrial.
EXTRA-HIGH-KACK CORlBUSTlBLE STORAGE. Storage on racks of Class 1, 11, 111 or IV con~n~odities which exceed 40 feet ( I 2 192 mm) in hcight ant1 storage 011 racks of high-hazard co~nmoditieswhich excccd 30 fcct (9144 nini) in hcight.
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTlBLE STORAGE
NIGH-YII,EI) CONIBIJSTIBLE STORAGE. Storage of conihustihlc materials in closely packed piles or combustible niatcrials on pallets, in racks or on shelves whcre the top of storage is grcatcr- than 12 feet (3658 mm) in height. Whcn rccluircd by the fire code official, high-piled combustible storage also iricl~idcsccrtain high-hazard commodities, such as rithhcr tires, Group A plastics, flaininablc liquids, idle pallets and similar commodities, whcre the top of storagc is greater than 6 feet ( I 829 nun) in height. HIGH-PILED STOKAGE AREA. An area within a building which is designated. intended, proposed or actually used for high-piled coinbustiblc storage.
Dry insecticides Foods in noncombustible containers Fresh fruits and vegctahles in nonplastic trays or containers Frozen foods Glass Glycol in metal cans Gypsun1 board Inert materials, bagged Insulation, noncombustible
1,ONGITUDINAL F1,UE SPACE. Thc fluc space bctween rows of storage perpendicular to the direction of loading.
Noncombustihlc liquids in plastic containers having lcss than a 5-gallon (I 9 L) capacity
MANUAL STOCKING METHODS. Stoclcing methods utilizing ladders or other nonrncchanical equipment to move stock.
Noncombustible metal products
MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS. Stocking methods utilizing molorized vehiclcs or hydraulic jacks to move stock. SHELF STORAGE. Storage on shelves less than 30 inches (762 mm) decp with thc distance between shelves not exceeding 3 feet (914 mm) vertically. For other shelving arrangements, see thc rcquiremcnts for rack storage. SO1,ID SHE1,VING. Shelving that is solid, slatted or of other construction located in racks and which obstructs sprinkler discharge down into the racks. TRANSVERSE FLUE: SPACE. The space between rows of storage parallel to the direction of loading. SECTION 2303 COMMODITY CLASSIFICATION 2303.1 Classification of commodities. Con~moditiesshall be classified as Class 1, [I. 111, TV or high hazard in accordance with this section. Materials listed within each com~nodityclassification arc assumcd to bc unrnodificd for improved comhustibility characteristics. IJsc of flame-retarding modifiers or the physical form of thc material could change the classification. Sce Scctioil2303.7 for classification of Group A. B and C plastics. 2303.2 Class 1 commodities. Class I com~noditiesare essentially noncombustible products on wooden or nonexpandcd polyethylene solid deck pallets, in ordinary corrugated cartons with or without single-thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper l without pallets. Class I commodities are wrappings ~ i t l or allowcd to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics ill accordancc with Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class 1 cornnlodities includc, but are not limited to, the following: Alcoholic heveragcs not exceeding 20-percent alcohol
2303.3 Class I1 commodities. Class 11commodities are Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid woodcn boxes. multiple-thickness paperboard cartons or equivalent combustible pacltaging material with or without pallets. Class I1 conimodities arc allowed to contain a limited amount of Group A plastics in accordance with Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class IJ comniodities include, but are not limited to, lhe following: Alcoholic beverages not cxcccding 20-perccnt alcohol, in combustible containers Foods in coinbustiblc containers Incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs in cartons Thinly coated finc wire on reels or in cartons
2303.4 Class 111 commodities. Class 111 commodities arc commodities of wood. paper, natural fiber cloth, or Group C plastics or products thereof, with or without pallels. Products are allowed to contain limited amounts of Group A or B plastics, such as metal bicycles with plastic handlcs, pedals, seats and tires. Group A plastics shall he liniited in accordancc with Section 2303.7.4. Exa~nplesof Class I11 commodities include. but are not limited to, thc following: Aerosol, Level 1 (see Chapter 28) Combustible fiberboard Cork, haled Feed, bagged Fertilizers, bagged Food in plastic containers
Furniture: wood, natural fibel; upholstered. nonpla\tic, wood or metal with plastic-padded and covered arm rests Glycol in co~nbustiblecontainers not esceediiig 25 percent Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in inctal cans
Applia~~ccs noncombustible, electrical
Mattresses, excluding foam rubber and foam plastics
Cement in bags
Noncornbustible liquids in plastic co11tainel.s having a capacity of more than 5 gallons (19 L)
Ceramics Dairy products in nonwax-coated containers (excluding bottles)
Paints, oil base, in metal cans Paper, waste. baled 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
Paper and pulp, horizontal storage, or vcrtical storapc that is banded or protected with approved wrap
Lacquers, which dry by solvent evaporation, in metal cans or cartons
Papcr in cardboard boxes
Lubricating or hydraulic fluid in plastic containers
Pillows, excluding h a m rubber and foam plastics
Mattresses, foam rubber or foam plastics
Plastic-coated paper food containers
Pallcts and flats whicli arc idle combi~stible
Plywood
Paper. asphalt. rolled. hori7ontal storagc
Rags. baled
Paper, asphalt. rolled. vertical stor-agc
Rugs, without foam backing
Papcr and pulp, rolled, in vertical storage which is unbanded or not protcctcd with an approved wrap
Sugal; baggcd Wood. baled Wood doors, frames and cabincts Yarns of natural fiber and viscow
2303.5 Class IV commodities. Class IV commodities are Clilss 1, I1 or I11 products containing Group A plastics in ordinaly con-ugatcd cartons and Class I, I1 and I11 products, with Group A plastic packaging, with or without pallets. Group B plastics and fi-ec-flowing Group A plastics are also includcd in this class. Thc total amount of nonfree-flowing Group A plastics shall bc in accordar~cewith Section 2303.7.4. Examples of Class 1V colllmodities include, but arc not limited to. the f u lowing: Aerosol, Levcl2 (sce Chapter 28) Alcohol~cbcveragcs, exceeding 20-percent but less than SOpzrcent alcohol, in canr or bottles in cartons. Clothing, synthetic or nonviscose Combustible metal products (solid) Furniturc, plastic upholstered Furniturc. wood or nletal with plastic covering and padding Glycol in con~bustiblccontainers (greater than 25 percent and Icss than 50 percent) Linoleum products
Pillows, foam rubber- and foam plastics Pyroxylin Rubber tires Vegetable oil and butter in plastic containers
2303.7 Ciassiiication of plastics. Plastics shall bc designated as Group A; B or C in accol-dancc with this scction.
2303.7.1 Group A plastics. Group ,4 plastics are plastic materials having a heat of combustiof1 that is much higher than that of ordinary co~nbustibles,2nd a burning rate higher than that of Group B plastics. Exanlplcs of Group A plastics include, but are not limited to, the following: ABS (acrylonitrile-butadicne-styrene copolymer)
Acetal (polyformaldchyde) Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate) Butyl rubber EPDM (ethylene propylerlc rubber)
FRP (fiberglass-rcinforccd polyester) Natural rubber (expanded) Nitrilc rubber (acrylonitrile butadicne ntbber) PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalatc) Polybut a6lene
Paints, oil base in co~nbustiblecontainers
Polycarbonate
I'harn~aceutical,alcoholic elixirs, tonics, etc.
Polyester elastomer
Rugs, foal11 hack
Polyethylene
Shingles, asphalt
Polypropylene
Thrcad or yarn, synthetic or nonviscose
Polystyrene (cxpanded and uncxpanded )
2303.6 High-hazard commodities. High-hazard commodilies are high-hazard prod~~cts presenting spccial fire hazards beyond those of Class 1.11, JJI or IV. Group A plastics not other-wise classified are included in this class. Examples of high-hazard commodities include, but are not limited to, thc following:
Aerosol, Levcl 3 (see Chaptcr 38) Alcoholic beverages, exceeding 80-pcrcent alcohol, in bottles or cartons
Commodities of any class in plastic containers in carousel storagc Flarnrnablc solids (except solid co~llbustiblemetals) Glycol in combustible containers (50 percent or greatcr) 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Polyurcthanc (expanded and unexpandcd) PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than IS perccnt plasticized, e.g.. coated fabric unsupported film) SAN (styrene acrylonitrilei SBR (styrene butadienc rubber?
2303.7.2 Group B plastics. Group B plastics arc plastic materials having a heat of combustion and a burning ratc higher than that of ordinary combustibles, but no1 as high as those of Group A plastics. Exa~nplesof Group B plastics includc, but are not limitcd to, the following: Cellulosics (ccllulose acetalc, ccllulose acctatc butyrate, ethyl cellulose) Chloroprcne rubbe1
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
Fluoroplastics IECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifl~~oroethylene copolymer; ETFE. ethylcne-tekafluorocthylenecopolymer; FEP, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer) Natural rubber (noncxpanded) Nylon (Nylon 6, Nylon 616) PVC (polyvinyl chloride greater than 5-percent, but not exceeding 15-percent plasticized) Silicone rubber
2303.7.3 Group C plastics. Group C plastics are plastic ~natcriulshaving a heat of combustion and a burning rate similar to thosc of ordinary combustibles. Examples of Group C plastics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fluoroplastics (PCTFE. polychlorotrifluoroethylene: PTFE, pol y tetrafluoroethylene) Melamine (melamine formaldehyde) Phcnol PVC (polyvinyl chloride, rigid or plasticized less than 5 pcrcent, e.g., pipc, pipc fittings) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) PVDF (polyv~nylidenefluoride) PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) lJrea (urea formaldehyde)
2303.7.4 Limited quantitiesof Group A plastics in mixed commodities. Figure 2303.7.4 shall be uscd to determine the quantity of Group A plastics allowed to be stored in a package or carton or on a pallet without increasing the commodity classification.
SECTION 2304 DESIGNATION OF HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREAS 2304.1 General. High-piled storage areas, and portions of higll-piled storage areas intendcd for storage of a different commodity class than ;idjacent arcas, shall be designed and specifically designated to contain Class 1: Class 11, Class Ill, Class IV or high-hazard commodities. The designation of a high-pilcd combustible storage area, or portion thcreof intendcd for storage of a diffcrent coinmociity class, shall be bascd on the highest hazard com~nodityclass stored except as ~rovidedin Section 2304.2. 2304.2 Designation hased on engineering analysis. The designation of a high-piled combustible storage arca, or portion thcreof, is allowed to be based on a lower hazard class than that of thc highest class of commodity stored whcn a limited quantity of the higi~erhazard commodity has been demonstrated by cnginecring analysis to be adequately protected by the automatic sprinliler system provided. The engineering analysis shall considcr the ability of the sprinkler system to deliver the higher density recluirctl by thc higher hazard commodity. The higher dcnsity shall hc based on the actual storage height of the pile or rack and the minimum allowclble design area for sprinkler operation as sct forth in the densitylarea figures provitled
218
in NFPA 13. The contiguous area occupied by the higher haz- 1 ard commodity shall not exceed 120 squarc fcet (1 I I m2)and additional areas of highcr hazard commodity shall be separated ) morc. Thc sprinfrom other such areas by 25 fect (7620 ~ n mor kler system shall be capable of delivering the higher density over a minimum area of 900 squarc feet (84 m2) for wet pipc systems and 1,200 square feet (1 1 111~)for dry pipc systems. The shape of the design arca shall be in accordancc with Section 903.
SECTION 2305 HOUSEKEEPING AND MAINTENANCE 2305.1 Rack structures.The structural integrity of racks shall be maintained. 2305.2 Ignition sources. Clearance from ignition sources shall be provided in accordance with Section 305. 2305.3 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited. Approvcd "No Smoking" signs shall be conspicuously posted in accordancc with Section 31 0. 2305.4 Aisle maintenance. When restocking is not being conducted, aisles shall be Iccpt clear of storage, waste material and debris. Fire dcpartnlent access doors, aisles and exit doors shall not be obstructed. During restocking opcrations using manual stocking methods, a minimum unobstructed aisle width of 24 inches (610 nun) shall be maintained in 48-inch (1219 mnl) or smaller aisles, and a minimum unobstmctcd aislc width of one-half of the required aisle width shall be maintained in aisles greater than 48 inches (1219 mm). During mechanical stocking operations, a minimum unobstructcd aisle width of44 inches ( I 1 18 mm) shall be maintained in accordance with Section 2306.9. 2305.5 Pile dimeilsion and height limiti~tions.Pile dimcnsions andheight limitations shall comply with Scction 2307.3. 2305.6 Arrays. A ~ r a y sshall con~plywith Section 2307.4. 2305.7 Flue spaces. Flue spaces shall comply with Section 2308.3.
SECTION 2306 GENERAL FlRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY FEATURES 2306.2 General. Fire protection and life safety featurea for high-piled storage arcas shall be 111 accordance with Sections 2306.2 through 2306.10. 2306.2 Extent and type of protection. Whcrc rccluircd by Table 2306.2, tire detection systems, srnokc and hcat removal, draft curtains and automatic sprinkler dcsign densities shall extend the lesser of 15 feet (4572 mm) bcyond the high-piletl storage area or to a pennanent paltition. Where portions of high-piled storage areas havc different fire protection recluircmerlts because of commodity, mcthod of storagc or storage height, the tirc protection features required by Table 2306.2 within this area shall be based on the most restrictive design rcquire~nents.
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HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
HIGH-HAZARD
PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF UIVEXPANDED PLASTIC^ FIGURE 2303.7.4 MlXED COMMODITIESazb a. This tig111.ci.: intrndcd to dstcrmine the comn~odityclassiljcatio~~ uI'a inined commodity in a packagc, carton or on a pallcl w h e ~ cplaslics are ii~volvcd. b. The following is an cxao~pleof how lo apply the figurc: A package containing a Cluss 111comtnodity has 12-percent C;roup A expal~drdplaslicby volun~e.Thc weight ol'thc unekpaudedCimup Aplastic is 10pcl-cenl.Thisconlrnodity isclassificdasa ClasslV commodity. H'the weigl~toltheuncxpand~.dplasticis incl.c::scd to II pcl.cent, Lhe classification changes to a high-hazard cornmodity.
c. Perccnl by voluinc =
Volumc 01 plastic in pellet load Tntnl volume 01' pallet load. including pallct A -
Weigh! of plastic in pallel luad Total weight of pallel load, includ111g pallet
d. Percent Iby wcighl =: -----
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HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
TABLE 2306.2 GENERAL FlRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
t 0.0920 m2. I I : I foot= 304.8 mln, 1 cuhic foot = 0.02832m3 . 1 square f ~ m= :I. Whcu ililtomatic sprinklers a1.e rcquircd forrrasons otherthan those in Chaplet23,thcportion of thc sp~inltlerspsten~ proteclingthe high-piledstoragc areashull be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 2307 and 2308. b. For aisles, see Seclion 2306.9. c. Piles shall bc sepal-ntrd by ;iisles complying with Section 2300.9. c excess ol'thc heigh~indicated, special fire protection shall be provided in accordance with Note g when requircd by thc fire codc official. See also d. For h t o ~ g in Chnpters 28 atxl 34 fol-special limitations for aerosols and tlmimahle and cornhlstiblr liquids, respectively. I.. Sectioli 503 shall apply for lire apparatus access. I. For storago cxccoding 30 k c t in Iiright, Option 1 shall be used. g. Special firc protcction provisions includitig, hut not lirllitcd to, fire pmtcction of exposed steel colun~ns;increased sprinkler density: additiolial in-racli aprinklc.rs. without :wsociatcdreductions in ceiling spsi~~lclerdensity; oradditional tire depii~lrnenthose counectionsshall be pt-ovidedw-hen required by the fire codc ot'licial. h. High-piled storage arras shall not excced 500,000 square k t . A 2-hour firc wall constructed in with the Irr~er-rtariorral Brrildir7,q Cod? shall be i~scdto divide high-piled storage cxcceding 500,000 square Feet in Luea. i. No1 recluircd wlleii an automatic lire-zxting~~ishit~g system is designed and irlstalled lo pmtcct the high-piled storage a c n in ;iccord;lnce with Sections 2307 and 2308. j. Not rcquired when storage areas arc pt'otected hy e:ely suppression fast I.esponac (ESFK) sprinkler aj'stenis installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
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HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
2306.3 Separation of high-piled storage areas. High-piled storage areas shall be separated from other portions of the buildlng where rcquired by Sections 2306.3.1 through 2306.3.2.2. 2306.3.1 Separation fmm other uses. Mixed occ~ipancics shall bc separated in accordance with the hztev~~utiorzul Blril~liiigCode. 2306.3.2 h,lultiple high-piled storage areas. Multiple high-piled storagc areas shall be in accordance with Section 2306.3.2.1 or 1,306.3.2.2. 2306.3.2.1 Aggregate area. The aggregate of all high-piled storage areas within a building shall be used for the application of Table 2306.2 unless such areas are scparatcd from each other by 1-hour fire barrier walls constructed in accordance with the Intcrnationnl B11ikl'i i q Code. Openings in such walls shall be protected by opening protcctive asseniblies having a l-hour tirc protcction rating. 2306.3.2.2 Multiclass high-piled storage areas. High-piled storagc arcas classified as Class I through 1V not separatcd from high-piled storagc areas classified as high t~azardshall utilize the aggregate of all high-piled storagc areas as high Iiazard for the purposes of the application of 'rablc 2306.2. To bc considered as separated. l-hour firc barrier walls shall bc constructed in accorCode. Openings in dance with theI~~temutiot~nlBuil~li~zg such walls shall be protected by opening protcctive asscmblics having a I -hour firc protection rating. Exception: As provided for in Section 2304.2. 2306.4 Automatic sprinklers. Automatic sprinkler systems shall bc providcd in accordance with Scctions 2307. 2308 and 2309. 2306.5 I'ire detection. Where tire detection is requircd by Tablc 2306.2. an approved automatic tlrc detection system shall be ~nstalledthroughout the high-piled storage area. The system shall be monitored and be in accordance with Scction 907. 2306.6 Building access. Wherc building access is required by Tablc 2306.2, firc apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 shall bc provided within 150 fcct (45 720 mm) of 311 portions of the estcrior walls of buildings used for high-pilcd storage. Exception: Whcre fire apparatus access roads cannot be installed bccausc of topography, railways, waterways, non-negotiable gradcs or other similar conditions, the fire code official is authorized tu recjuirc additional fire protection. 2306.6.1 Access doors. Whcre building access is required by Tablc 2306.2, fire dcpartmcnt access doors shall bc provided in accordancc with this section. Access doors shall be accessiblt: without the use of a ladder. 2306.6.1.1 Number of doors required. A cnini~rlurnof one access door shall be providcd in each 100 lincal fcct (30 480 mm), 01- fraction thereof, of the exterior walls which face requircd firc apptuatus access roads. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2306.6.1.2 Door size and type. Access doors shall not he lcss than 3 fcet (914 mrn) in width and 6 fcct 8 irlchcs (2032 mm) in hcight. Roll-up doors shall not be uscd unlcss approved. 2306.6.1.3 Lorliing devices. Only approvcd locking dcvices shall be used. 2306.7 Smoke and hest removal. Whcrc srnokc and hcat removal are required by Table 2306.2, \mokc and heat vents shall be provided in accordance with Section 910. Wherc draft curtains are required by Table 2306.2, thcy shall bc provided iii accordance with Section 910.3.4. 2306.8 Fire department hose connections. Wherc cxit pasBi~iltlin: Coilc for sageways are requircd by the I~~rcvntrriorl~tl egress, a Class I standpipe system shall be provided in accordance with Section 905. 2306.9 Aisles. Aislcs providing acccss to exits and tire department acccss doors shall be provided in high-pilcd storagc arcas exceeding 500 square fcet (46 m2),in accordancc with Scctiorls 2306.9.1 through 2306.9.3. Aislcs separating storage pilcs or racks shall comply with NFPA 13. Aisles shall also comply with Chapter 10. Exception: Wherc aisles are precluded by rack storagc systems. alternate incthocis of access and protection arc allowed when approved. 2306.9.1 Width. Aislc width shall be in accordance with Sections 2306.9.1.1 and 2306.9.1.2. Exceptions: 1. Aisles crossing rack structures or storage pilcs, which are used only for cmploycc access, shall bc a ) minimum of 24 inches (610 ~ n r nwidc. 2. Aisles separating chclvcs classified as shclf stor- I age shall be a minimum of 30 inchcs (762 n m ) wide. 2306.9.1.1 Sprinklered buildings. Aislcs in sprinklcrcd buildings shall be a minimum of 44 inchcs ( 1 1 1 X mm) wide. Aisles shall be aminimu~nof 96 inches (2438 inm) wide in high-piled storagc areas cxcecding 2,500 squarc fcct (232 m2)in area. that arc acccssiblc to the public and designated to contain high-hazard commod~ties. Exception: Aislcs in high-piled qtoragc arcas cscecding 2.500 square feet (232 in2)in arca, that arc acccssihlc to thc public and dcsignatcd lo contain high-hazard commodities, are protected by a sprinltlcr system designcd for multiple-row raclts of high-hazard commodities shall be a minimum of 44 inchcs (1 1 18 mm) wide. Aisles shall be a minimum of 96 inches (2438 m ~ n ) wide in areas accessible to the public whcre ~ncchariical stocking methods arc uxccl. 2306.9.1.2 Wonsprinklered buildings. Aisles in nonsprinl
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTlBLE STORAGE
6 l'cct 8 inclics (2032 mm) above the finished floor level, providcd that si.rch sulrports do not interfere with firc de,pnrtmcnt hosc stream trajectory.
2308.2.1 Plastic pallets and shelves. Storage on plastic pallets or plastic shelves shall bc protected by approvcd spccially engineered iirc protection systcrns.
2306.9.3 Dead ends. Dead-end aislcs shall be in accordance with Chapter 10.
Exception: Plastic pallets listcd and labcled in accvrdance with UL 2335 shall be treated as wood pallets for dcter~niniiigreqnircd sprinldcr protcction.
2306.10 Portable fire extinguisliers. Portable firc extinguishers shall bc ~rovidedin accordance with Section
SECTION 2307 SOLID-PILED AND SHELF STORAGE 2307.1 General. Shelf storagc and storage in s o l ~ dpilcs, solid pilcs on pallets and bin box storage in bin boxes not cxcceding 5 fcct ( 1.524 mm) in any dimension, shall be in accordance with Sections 1306 and this section. 2307.2 Fire protection. Whcre automatic spri~iklcrsare required by Table 2306.2, an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the building or to I-hour fire barricr walls constructcd in accordance with the I~zternationul iBlli[di~~g COLIP. Openings in such walls shall be protccted by opening protective assemblies having I-hour firc protection ratings. Thc design and installation of the automatic sprinltler systcm and othcr applicable fire protection shall be in accorI dance with the Ir~t~t.rzarior~ul Blrilding Code and NFPA 13.
I
2307.2.1 Shelf storage- Shelf storage greater than 12 feet (3658 rnm) hut less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in height shall bc in accordance with the fire protcction requirements set forth in N F ~ A 3, shelf storage 15 feet (4572 mm) or rrlore in height shall be protected in an appro,,ed Inanncr with specia1 fire protcction, such as in-rack sprinklers. 2307.3 Pile dimeiisioii and height limitations. Pile dimensions, the maximum permissible storage height and pile volume shall be in accordancc with Table 2306.2. 2307.4 Array. Where an automatic sprinkler system design utilizcs protcction bascd on a closcd array. array clearances shall bc provided and maintained as specified by the stantiard uscd.
SECTION 2308 RACK STORAGE 2308.1 General. Rack storage shall be in accordance with Section 2306 and this section. Rin boxes exceeding 5 feet (1524 nlm) in any dimension shall bc rcgulatcd as rack storage. 2308.2 Fire protection. Where automatic sprinklers a]-e rcquiscd by Tablc 2306.2?an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed tliroughout the building or to 1-hour fire barricr walls constructed in accordancc with the I~~tlternurioraizl Hl~ildirigCotlc. Openings in such walls shall be prolectcd by opcning protective assemblics having I-hour fire protection ratings. 7 h c design and installation of the automatic sprinkler system and other applicable firc protection shall be in accorBlrilding dance with Section 903.3.1.1 and thc Intertrcltio~~~il I C0~1i~.
2308.2.2 Racks with solid shelving. Racks with solid shelving having an arcd grcater than 33, squarc feet (3 m'), measured bctwecn approvcd fluc spaces at all four edges of the shelf, shall be in accordance with this scction. Exceptions: 1. Racks with ~ncsh,grated, slatted or similar shclvcs having uniform openings not morc than 6 inches ( 152 111111)apart, comprised of at least 50 percent of the overall shclf area, and with approvcd tluc spaces are allowed to bc treated as racks without solid shelves. 2. Racks used for the storagc of combustible paper records, with solid shelving, shall be in accordancc with NFPA 13. I 2308.2.2.1 Fire protection. Fire protcctio~~ for racks with solid shelving shall be in accorda~lccwith NFPA 1.7. 2308.3 Flue spaces. Flue spaces shall bc provided in accordance with Table 2308.3. Rcquircd fluc spaces shall bc maintained. 2308.4 Coli~rnnprotection. Steel building colu~llnsshall be protected in accordance with N ~ 230. A I 2308.5 Extra-high-rack storage systems. Approval of the fire code official sllall bc obtaincd prior to installing extra-high-rack combustible storage. 2308.5.1 Fire protection. Buildings with extra-high-rack combustible storage shall be protected with a specially cngincered automatic sprinkler systeni. Extra-high-rack cornbustible storage shall be provided with additional special fire protection, such as scparation from other buildings and additional built-in fire protection features and firc department access, when required by the fire codc official. SECTION 2309 AUTOMATED STORAGE 2309.1 General. Automated storage shall hc i n i~ccordance with this section. 2309.2 Automatic sprinklel-s.Where nuto~naticspriiihlers ajc requircd by Table 2306.2. the building shall bc equipped throughout with an approved autolnatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1 . I . 2309.3 Carousel storage. High-piled storage areas having greater than 500 square feet (46 m2)of carousel storage shall bc provided with automatic shutdown 111 accordance with orlc of the following: 1. AIIai~tomaticsmoke detcction system installecl in accordance with Section 907, with covcrage extending 15 fect (3575 n ~ min ) all directions beyond uncncloscd carousel storage systems and which sountis a local alarm at thc 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE
operator's station and stops the carousel storage system upon the activation of a single detector.
2. An automatic smoke detection system installed in accordance with Scction 907 and within enclosed carousel storage systems, which sounds a local a1a1-m at the operator's station and stops the carousel storage systcm upon the activation of a single detector. 3. A single dead-inan-type control switch that allows the operation of the carouscl storagc systcin only when the operator is present. The switch shall be in the same room as the carousel storagc systcm and locatcd to provide for observation of thc carousel system.
SECTION 2310 SPECIALTY STORAGE 2310.1 General. Records storage facilities used for the rack or shelf storagc of combustible paper records greater than 12 feet (3658 min) in height shall be in accol-(lance with Sections 2306 I and 2308 and NFPA 13 and NFPA 230. Pallctized storage of records shall be in accordance with Section 2307. TABLE 2308.3 REQUIRED FLUE SPACES FOR RACK STORAGE
,
I
! i i
I
j SPR,NKLER PROTECTION
I..-
I SPRINKLER AT THE CEILING WITH OR WITHOUT MINIMUM IN-RACK SPRINKLERS ~.
1
IN-RACK SPRINKLERS A T
~
.
. .
.-
5
25 feet
-.
i --
.
-
~ --
..
~
I. For S1: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 I'oor = 304.8 Inm. a. Ttilre-inch r~.ansvcl-sciluc spaces shall he pl-ovidcd at least cvcry 1 0 Feet where ESFR sprirlliler protection is p1.ovidt.d. h. Random \,al.i:rtions are allowed. provided that the coniiguratiun cloes not clhstruci water penetsa~tion.
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CHAPTER 24
TENTS, CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES SECTION 2481 GENERAL
2401.1 Scope. Tents, canopies and membrane structures shall comply with this chaptcr. The provisions of Section 2403 are applicable only to temporary membrane structures. The provisions of Section 2404 arc applicable to temporary and permanent membrane structllres. SECTION 2402 DEFINITIONS
2402.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chaplcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein. AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTLTRE. A structure wherein the shape of the stnlcture is attained by air pressure, and occupants of the structure arc within the elevated pressure area. CAXOYY. A structure. enclosure or shelter constructedof fabric or pliablc ~natcrialssupported by any manner, except by air or the contents it protects, and is open without sidewalls or clrops on 75 percent or more of the perimeter. MERIIBRANE STRUCTURE. An air-inflated! air-supported. cable or frame-covered structure as defined by the It~tenzcrriotzalR~tildi~zg Code and not otherwise defined as a tent or canol-~y.See Chapter 3 1 of thc 6zrentaticl~zalBcrilding CocIe.
TENT. A structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of fabric or pliablc material supported by any manner except by air or thc contcnts that i1 protects. SECTlQN 2403 TEMPORARY TENTS, CANOPlES AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 2403.1 General. All tcrrlporary tents. canopies and rnc~nbranc structurcs shall comply with this section.
2403.2 Approval required. Tcnts and ~t~e~cmbrane structures having an area in excess of 200 squarc feet (1 9 m2) and canopies in excess of 400 square feet (37 mL)shall not be erected, operated 01-maintained for any purpose without first obtaining a permit ant1 approval from the fire code official. Exceptions: I. Tcnts uhetl e x c I ~ ~ ~ i \for c l yrccrcat~onalcamping pulposes. 2. Fabric canopies open on all sides which comply with all of the following: 2.1. Individual canopies having a inaximum size of 700 sc1ual.e feet (65 111'). 2.2. The aggregate area of multiple carlopies placed side by s ~ d w~thout c a fire break clear2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
ance of 12 fect (3658 mm). not exceeding 700 square feet (65 ni') total. 2.3. Aminimumclearance of 12 fcct (3658 mln) to all structures and other tcnts.
2403.3 Place of assembly. For the purposes of this chaptcr, a place of asbembly shall include a circus. carnival. tent show, theater, skating rink. dance hall or other placc of assembly in or under which persons gather for any purposc. 2403.4 Permits. Penuits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105 7. 2403.5 Use period. Temporary tents, air-supported. air-inflated or tensioned mcmbrane structures and canopics shall not bc erccted Ihr a period of unurc than 180 days within a 1 J 2-month period on a single prenlisus. 2403.6 Conslri~ctiondocuments. A detailed site and floor plan for tcnts, canopies or nicmbranc srructures with an occupant load of 50 or more shall be PI-ovidedwith each application for approval. The tent. canopy or mc~nbrancstructure floor plan shall indicate details of the means of egress facilities, scating capacity. arrangement of the seating and location and typc of heating and electrical equipment. 2403.7 Inspections. The entire tent, air-supported, air-inflated or tensioned membrane structure systcm shall be inspected at regular intervals. but not less than two times per pcrnmit use period, by the pennittee, owncr or agent to dete~niincthat the installation is mainlained in accordance with this chapter. Exception: Permit use periods of less than 30 days. 2403.7.1 Inspeclicpn report. When rcqu~rcdby the fire code official. an inspection report shall be provided and shall conslst ot mamtenancc, anchors and fabr~cinspections. 2403.8 Access, location and parking. Access location and parking for temporary tcnts, canopics and nienihrane structures shall be in accordance with this section. 2403.8.1 Access. Fire apparatus access roads shall be proviclcti in accordance with Scction 503. 2403.8.2 Location. Tents, canopies or membrane structures shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 nini) of lot lincs, buildings, other tcnts, canopics or nicn~hranestructures, parked vehicles or internal combustion engines. For the purpose of detern~iningrequired distances, support ropcs and g,uy wires shall bc consitlerecl as part of the te~nporaryIllernbranc structure, tent or canopy. Exceptions: 1. Sepal-ation distance betwccn membrane structures, tents and canopics not useti for cooking, is not recluired \vhcn the aggregate floor area docs not exceed 15.000 squarc fect (1394 m').
TENTS, CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
2. Mcrnbrane structures, tcnts or canopies need not bc separatedfrom buildings when all of the following conditions are tnet: 2.1. The aggregate floor area of the membrane structure, tcnt or canopy shall not exceed 10.000 square feet (929 m2). 2.2. The aggregate floor arca of the building and membrane structure, tent or canopy shall not excecd the allowable floor area including increases as indicated in the li~ferrzutror~ul Bzlilditzg Code. 2.3. Required means of egress provisiolls are provided for both the building and the membrane structure, tent o r canopy, including travel distances. 2.4. Firc apparatus access roads are provided in accordance with Scction 503.
2403.8.3 1,ocation of structures in excess of 15,000 square feelin area. Membrrulc structures having an area of 15,000 square fcet (1 304 m') or more shall be Iocatcd not lcss than 50 fcet (15 240 nun) from any other tent or structure as measurcd lion1 the sidewall of the tent or mernbrane sti.ucture unless joincd together by a corridor. 2403.8.4 Connecting corridors. Tents or membrane structures are allowed to bc joincd together by means of corridors. Exit doors shall he provided at each end of such corridor. On each sidc of such corridor and approximately opposite each othcr, there shall be provided openings not ICSS than 12 fect (3658 mm) wide. 2403.8.5 Fire break. An unobstructed fire brcak passageway or fire road not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) wide and frce fro111 guy ropes or other obstructions shall be maintainedon all sides of all tents, canopies and membrane structures unless othenvise approved by the fire code official. 2403.9 Anchorage required. Tents, canopics or membrane structures and their appurtenances shall be adequately ropcd, braced and anchored to withstand the elements of weather and prevent against collapsing. Documentation of structural stability shall bc furnishcd to the firc code official on request. 2403.10 'Uemporary air-supported and air-inflated rnembrane structures. Temporary air-supported and air-~nflated ~ncn~brane structures shall be in accordance with Sections 2103.10. I through 2403.10.4. 2403.10.1 Door operation. During high winds exceeding 50 miles pcr hour (22 m/s) or in snow conditions, the use of doors in air-supported structures shall be controlled to avoid excessivc air loss. Doors shall not be left opcn. 2403.10.2 Fabric e~~velope design and construction. Air-supported and air-inflated stn~cturesshall have the dcsign and const~mctionof the fabric cnveloye and the method of anchoring in accordance with Architectural Fabric Structures Institute AS1 77. 2403.10.3 Blou~ers.An air-supported structure used as a placc of assembly shall be furnishcd with not less than two blowcrs. each oiwhich has adequate capacity to ~naintain full inflation pressure with normal leakage. The design of 226
the blower shall be so as to provide integral limiting prcssurc at the design pressure specified by the n~~~nufr~cturcr.
2403.10.4 Auxiliary power. Places of public asse~nblyI b v Inore than 7-00 persons shall be furnished with eithcr a fully automatic auxiliary engine-generator sct capablc of powering one blowcr continuously for 1hour\, or a supplc~nentary hlowcr powered hy an internal combustion e ~ ~ g i nwhich c shall bc automatic in operation. 2403.11 Seating arrangements. Seating in tcnts. canopics or membrane structures shall bc in accordancc with Chapter 10. 2403.12 hleans of egress. Mcans of egress for temporary tcnts, canopies and membranc structures shall he in accordancc with Sections 2403.1 2.1 through 2403.12.8. 2403.12.1 Distribution. Exits shall bc spaccd at approximately equal intervals around the perimeter of the tent, canopy 01 mcmbrane structure, and shall be locatcd such that all points are 100 fect (30 180 mm) or lcss fro111all exit. 2403.12.2 Number. Tcnts, canopies or ~ncmbrancst~uctures or a usable portion thereof shall have a1 lcast onc cxit and not less than the number of exits reyuircd by Table 2403.1 2.2. The total width of means of egrcss in ~nclics ( (mni) shall not be lcss than the total occupant load scrved by a means ol'egrcas nlultiplied by 0.2 inches (5 mm) per pcrson. TABLE 2403.1 2.2 MINIMUM NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS AND MEANS OF EGRESS WIDTHS FROM TEMPORARY MEMBRANE STRUCTURES, TENTS AND CANOPIES . . -
j 1 i
MINIMUM WIDTH / M l ~ , i u MWIDTH ' OF EACH MEANS i OF EACH MEANS OFEGRESS 1 OFEGRESS
i
OCCUPANT
/
MlNlMUM NUMBER OF MEANSOF
10to199
i
2
i
7
1
I
1
(!!!che9
j
_
I
..{.-~.
I
!'~?e_s). Membrane
.
~
i ~ over-?.ooo: -~ I
i
~~
.
-.
-
~~
.
72
.... .
-1.20 -
!
.
_ _ 1 . ... 96 ..
I .
I
J
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 miu. a. When the occupantload exceeds 3.000, thc total widihofrncans olcgrcss (in inches) shall not he less than the total occupanl lo;rd~nulriplicdhy 0.2 inches pel person.
2403.12.3 Exit openings from tents. Exit openings from tents shall remain open unless covered by a flame-resistant curtain. Thc curtain shall comply with thc following requirements: 1. Curtains shall bc free sliding on a mctal support. The support shall be a ~nininiumof 80 inches (2032 mln) above the floor level at the exit. The curtains shall be so arranged that, when opcn, no part of the curtain obstructs the cxit. 2. Curtains shall be of a color. or colors, that contrasts with the color of the tent. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TENTS, CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
2403.12.4 Doors. Exit doors shall swirrg in the dircction of cxit travcl. To avoid hazardous air and pressure loss in air-supporfcd ~nenihranestructures, such doors shall be automatic closing against operating pressures. Opening force at thc door edge shall not cxcccd 15 pounds (66 N). 2403.12.5 Aislc. The width of aisles without fixed seating shall be in accordance with the following:
I . In areas serving employees only, the minirnnni aislc \vidth shi~llbe 24 inches (610 mm) but not less than thc width rcqnired by the number of ernployces scrved. 2. In p~tl~lic areas, smooth-surfaced? unobstructed aisles
having a nlinirnum width of not less than 44 inches ( I 118 mm) shall bc providcd from seating areas, and aislcs shall be progressively increased in width toprovidc; at all points, not less than 1 foot (305 mm) of aislc width for cach 50 persons served hy such aislc at that point.
2403.12.5.1 Arrangement and maintenance. The an-angelnent of aisles shall he whjcct to approval by thc firc codc offic~aland shall bc maintdned clear at all times during occupancy. 2403.12.6 Exit signs. Exits shall bc clcarly marked. Exit signs shall be installed at required exit doorways and where otherwise necessary to indicate clearly the direction of cgrcss when thc exit scrves an occnpant loadof 50 or more. 2403.12.6.1 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be of an approvcd sclf-luminous type or shall be internally or cxter~iallyillulllinated by luminaires suppliccl in thc following manncr: I . Two separatc circuits, onc of which shall be separate from all other circuits, for occupant loads of 300 or less: or 2. Two separate sources of power, one of which shall be an approvcd ernergelicy systcm, shall be providcd when the occupant load exceeds 300. Emergency systcms shall be supplied from storagc batteries or from the on-sitc generator set, and the systcnl shall bc installed in accordance with the ICC E1cct1-ic~rl Codc.
2403.12.7 Means of egress illumination. Means of egress shall be illuminated with light having an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (1 I lux) at floor levcl whilc the stnlcture is occupied. Fixtures I-cquiredfor means of egrcss illumination shall hc supplicd from a separate circuit or sourcc of powcr.
2403.12.8 Maintenance of means of egress. Thc required width of cxits, aislcs and passageways shall be rnainfainctl at all timcs lo a public way. Guy wires, guy ropes and othcr suppor-t mernhers shall not cross a means of cgrcss at a hcight of Icss than 8 fcct (2438 mm). Thc surface of means of cgrcss shall be maintained in an approved munncr. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 2404 TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT TENTS, CANOPlES AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 2404.1 General. All tents, canopies and mcrnbrane structurcs, both temporary arid permanent, shall bc in accordance with this section. Permanent tents, canopies and riicmbranc structures B~iildir~g Codc~. shall also comply with the 111ter11c~tior7al 2404.2 Fbmc propagation performance treatment. Before I a permit is granted. the owner or agent shall file with the firc code official a ccrtificate executed by an a ~ p r o v c dtcsting laboratory certifying that the tents; canopies and mernbrane structurcs and their appurtenances; sidewalls. drops and tarpaulins; floor coverings, bunting and combustible dccorativc materials and effects, including sawdust when used on floors or passagcways, shall be composed of material meeting the flanle propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 or shall be treated with a flarne I-etar-claritin an approved manncr and mcct thc flarnc propagation perfomlance criteria of NFPA 701, and that such flame propagation performance criteria are effective for the pcriod specified by the permit. 2404.3 1,abel. Membrane structurcs. tcnts or canopics shall have a perlnanently affixed labcl bcaring thc idcntification of size and fabriz or rllaterial typc. 2404.4 Certification. A11 affidavit or affirmation shall hc submitted to thc fire code official and a copy rctnined on the premises on which the tent or air-supported structurc is located. The affidavit shall attest to the following information relativc to the flame propagation pcrforniance criteria of thc fabric: 1. Names and address of thc owners of thc tcnt, canopy or air-supported structure. 2. Date the fabric was last trcatcd with fla~lie-rctarda~itI solution. 3. Trade name or kind of chemical uscd in treatment. 4. Name of person or fiml treating the material. 5 . Namc of testing agency and test standard by which the fabric was tcsted.
2404.5 Combustible materia1s. Hay, straw, shavings or similar co~ubustiblcmaterials shall not be located within any tent, canopy or membrane structurc containing an a~scnlblyoccupancy, except the materials necessary for the daily fccding and care of aninlals. Sawdust and shavings utilized for ap~iblicpcrforiilance or exhibit shall not be prohibifcd providcd thc sawdust and shavings are kept damp. Colnbustiblc materials shall not be permitted under stands or scats at any time. The areas within and adjacent to the tent or air-supported structure shall be maintained clear of all combustible materials or vcgctation that could create a firc hazard within 20 feet (6096 mm) of thc structure. Conlbustible trash shall be re~novedat lcast once a day from the structure during thc period thc structurc is occupied by the public. 2404.6 Smoking. Smoking shall not be permitted in tcnts, canopies or membrane structures. Approved"No Smoking" signs shall be conspicuously posted in accordance with Section 3 10. 2404.7 Open or exposed flarne. Open flarnc or otllcr cleviccs emitting flarnc, fire or heat or any flammable or combustihlc liquids, gas, charcoal or other cooking dcvicc or any othcr
TENTS. CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
unapproved devices shall not be permitted inside or located witli~n20 feet (6096 mm) of thc tcnt. canopy 01 lnc~nbrane structures while opcn to thc public unless approved by the fire code official.
2404.8 Fireworks. Fireworks shall not be used within I00 feet (30 480 nlm) of tcnts. canopies or membrane structures. 2404.9 Spot lighting. Spot or effect lighting shall only be by electricity, and all combustible constrvction located within 6 feet (1829 ~ n ~ of n ) such equipment shall be protected with approved noncontbostihle insulation not less than 9.25 inches (235 mm) thick. 2404.10 Safety film. Motion pictures shall not be displayed in tcnts, canopies or membrane structures unlcss the motion picture film is safety film. 2404.1 1 Clearance. There shall be a minimum clearance of at least 3 feet (914 mm) between tllc fabric envelope and all contents locatcd inside the tent or membrane structure. 2404.12 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as required by Section 906. 2404.13 Fire protection equipment. Fire hose lines, water supplies and othcr auxiliary tire equipment shall be maiutained at the site in such numbers and sizes as rcquircd by the fire code official. 2404.14 Occupant load factors. The occupant load allowed in an assembly structure, or portion thereof, shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 10. 2404.15 Heating and cooking equipment. Heating and cooking equ~prnentshall be in accol.dance with Sections 2404.15.1 through 2404.15.7. 2404.15.1 Installation. Heating or cooking equipment. tanks, piping. hoses, fittings. valves, tubing and other related components shall be installed as specified in the I r ~ f i ~ r ~ ~ r ~Mechairicul tionul Code and the Interncltionul F~iel Gos Code, and shall be approved by the fire code official. 2404.15.2 Venting. Gas. liquid and solid filel-burning equipment designed to be vented shall be vented to the outside air as spccificd in the Intrrnationul Flrcl Gas Code and the Iiztrr17ariorz~rlMcc/znriical Coclc. Such vents shall be equipped with approved spark arresters when required. Where vents or tlues arc used, all portions of the tent, canopy or membr~mcstructure shall be not lcss than 12 inches (305 nlm) from the flue or vent.
within 20 feet (6096 mm) of a tent, canopy or membrane structure.
2404.15.7 Electrical heating and cooking equipment. Electrical cooking and heating cclu~pment ihnll comply with the LC:C Electricul Code. 2404.16 12-gas. The storage, handling and use of I,P-gas and L,P-gas equipment shall be in accordance with ~ c c t i o n s 2406.1 6.1 through 2403.16.3. 2404.16.1 General. LP-gas equipment such as tanks. piping, hoses, fittings, valves, tubing and other related components shall be approved and in accordance with Chapter 38 Fuel Gas Code. and with the I~ztruiario~~al 2404.16.2 Location of containers. LP-gas containers shall be located outsidc. Safety release valves shall be pointed away from the tcnt, canopy or membrane stl.ucture. 2404.16.2.1 Containers 500 gitllons or less. Portable LP-gas containers with a capacity of 500 gallons (1893 L) or less shall have a minimum separation bctwccn the container andstructu~enot lcss than I0 feet (3048 m ~ n ) . 2404.16.2.2 Containers more than 500 gallons. Portable LP-gac containers with a capacity of more than 500 gallons (1893 L ) shall have a minimum separation between the container and structures not lcss than 25 l'cet (7620 m~n). 2404.16.3 Protection and security. Portable 1,P-gas containers, piping, valves and fittings which are located outsidc and are being used to fuel equipment inside a tent, canopy or membrane structure shall be adequately protected to prcvent tampering. damage by vehicles or other hazards and shall be located in an approvcd location. Portable LP-gas containers shall be securely fastened in place to prevent una~ithorizedmovement. 2404.17 Flamniable and combustible liquids. Thc storage of flammable and combustible liquids and the LISC of tlarn~nable-liquid-fueled equipment shalt be in accordance with Scctions 2404.17.1 through 2404.17.3. 2404.17.1 Use. Flammable-liquid-fueled equipment shall not be used in tcnts, canopies or rnc~nbranestructures. 2404.17.2 Flammable and combustible liquid storage. Flammable and conlbustible liquids shall be stored out5ide in an approved manner not less than 50 feet (15 240 ~ n m ) from tents, canopies or membrane structures. Storagc shall be in accordance with Chapter 34.
2404.15.3 Location. Cooking and heating equipment shall not be located within 10 feet (-3048 mm) of exits or combustible materials.
2404.17.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be performed i n an approvcd location not less than 20 fcct (6096 mm) from tents, canopies or mcnlbranc structures.
2404.15.4 Operations. Operations such as warming of foods, cooliing demonstrations and similar operations that use solid tlamlnables, butane or othcr similar devices which do not pose an ignition hazard, shall be approved.
2404.18 Display of motor vehicles. Liquid- and gas-fueled vehicles and equipment used for display within tents, canopies or membrane structures shall bc in iiccordancc with Sections 2404.1 8.1 th~ough2104.18.5.3.
2404.15.5 Cooking tents. Tents where cooking is performed shall be scparatcd from other tents, canopies or membrane structu1-esby a minimum of 20feet (6096 mm).
2404.18.1 Batteries. Batteries shall be dlsconncctcd in an appropriate manner.
2404.15.6 Outdoor cooking. Outdoor cooking that products sparks or gr-case-laden vapors shall not be performed 228
2404.18.2 Fuel systems. Vehicles or equip~ncntsh;~llnot be fucled or dcfueled within the tcnt. canopy or mcnibranc structure. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TENTS, CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
2404.18.2.1 Quantity limit. Fuel in the fuel tank shall not cxcccd one-quarter of the tank capacity or 5 gallons (1 9 L), whichevcr is less. 2404.18.2.2 Inspection. Fuel systems shall be inspected for leaks. 2404.118.2.3 Closure. Fuel tank openings shall be 1ocl;ed and scaled to prevent the escape of vapors. 2404.18.3 Location. The location of vehicles or equipment shall not obstruct means of cgress. 2404.18.4 Places of assembly. When a conlpressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) powered vehicle is parked inside a placc of assembly, all the following conditions shall bc mct: 1. The quartcr-turn shutoff valvc or other shutoff valve on thc outlet of the CNG or LP-gas container shall be clused arid thc cngine shall be operated until it stops. Valves shall rcmain closcd whilc the vehicle is indoors. 2. The hot lcad of the battery shall be disconncctcd 3 Dual-ftrel vehicles equipped to opcrdtc on gasoline and CNG or LP-gas shall coniply with this sect~onand Scct~ons2404.18.1 through 2404.18.5.3 for gasolint-powercd vchiclcs
2404.18.5 Competilions and dernonslratiuns. Liquidand gas-fuelcd vehicles and ccluiprnent used for competition or dcmonstratioll within a tent, canopy or nienibrane structt~rc shall comply with Sections 2404.18.5.1 through 2404.1 8.5.3. 2404.18.5.1 Fuel storage. File1 for vchiclcs or cquipmcnt shall bc stored in approved containers in an approvctl location outside of the structurc in accordance with Scction 2404.17.2. 2404.18.5.2 Fueling. Refueling shall be pcrformed o ~ ~ t side of the structure in accordance with Scction 2404.17.3. 2404.18.5.3 Spills. Fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately. 2404.19 Sepnration of generators. Generators and other internal conihustion powcr sources shall be separated from tcnts, canopies or ~nenibranestructu~.csby a minimurn of 20 feet (6096 mm) and shall be isolated from concdct with the public by l'cncin~.cnclosurc or other approved nleans. 2404.20 Standby personnel. When, in the opinion of the fire code official. it is essential for public safety in a tent, canopy or membrane structurc used as a place of assembly or any othcr use whcre pcoplc congregatc, because of the nurnber of pcrsons, or thc naturc of the performance? exhibition, display. contest or activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall cmploy one or illore qualified pcrsons, as required and approved, to remain on duty during thc times such places are open to the public, or whcn such activity is bcing conducted. Bcforc each performance or the start of such activity, standby personnel shall kcep diligent watch for fires during thc time such place is open to the public or such activity is being conductcd ancl takc prompt measurcs for extinguishment of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
fires that occur and assist in the evacuation of thc public from the structure. There shall be trained crowd managers or crowd manager sul~crvisorsat a rario of onc crowd man:igc~-/supervisor for every 250 occupants, as approved.
2404.21 Vegetation removal. Combustible vegetation shall bc removed from the area occupied by a tent, canopy or mcmhranc structure, and from areas within 30 feet (9144 ~ n m of ) such structures. 2404.22 Waste material. Thc floor surface inside tcnts, canopies 01-me~nbrnnestructures and the grounds outside and within a 30-foot (9144 nim) perimeter shall be kcpt clcar of combustible waste. Such waste shall be storcdin approved containers until removed from the premises.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 2%
TIRE REBUILDING AND TIRE STORAGE SECTION 2501 GENERAL 2501.1 Scope. Tirc rebuilding plants, tirc storage and tire byproduct facilities shall cornply with this chapter, other appli6 cable requirements of this code and NFPA 13 and NFPA 230. Tire storage in buildings shall also comply with Chapter 23. 2501.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Scction 105.6. SECTlON 2502 DEFlNlTlONS 2502.1 'Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chaptcr and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the mcanings ascribed to them as defined thercin. SECTlON 2503 TIRE REBLllLDlNG 2503.1 Construction. Tirc rebuilding plants shall cu111ply with the requirenlcnts of the Intev~~atioi~al Hi~iMirzgCode, as to construction, separation from other buildings or other portions of the same building. and protection. 2503.2 Location. Buffing operations shall bc located in aroom separated from the re~nainderof Lhe building housing the tire rchuilding oi tire recapping operations by a 1 -hour Firc barrier. Exception: Buffing operations are not required to be separated whcrc all of thc following conditions are mct: 1 . Buffing operations arc cquippcd with an approved continuous automatic water-spray system directcd at thc point of cutting action; 2. Buffing machincs arc connectcd to particle-collecting systenls providiug a ininimum air movcnlent of 1 .SO0 cubic fcct pcr minute (cfm) (0.7 1 m3/s) in volurnc and 4,500 fcct pcr m~nute(fp~n)(23 111/5) in-line velocity; and 3. Thc collecting systcm shall discharge the rubber particlcs to an approvcd outdoor nonconibustiblc or firc-resistant container, which is emptied at frequcnt intervals to prcvent overflow.
2503.3 Cleaning. The buffing area shall bc cleaned at frequcnt intervals to prevent the accumulation of rubbcr particles. 2503.4 Spray roo~nsand booths. Each spray room or spray hoot11 whcrc tlammablc or combustible solvcnts arc applied, shall comply with Chapter IS. SECTiON 2504 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE 2504.1 Open burning. Ope11burning is prohibited in tire storage yards. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2504.2 Sources of heat. Cutting, welding or heating devices shall not be operated in tirc storagc yards. 2504.3 Smoking prohibited. Smoking is prohibited in tirc storage yards, excepl in designated areas. 2504.4 Power lines. Tire storage piles shall not hc locarcd beneath electrical powcr lines having avoltage in cxcesr of 750 volts or that supply power to fire emergency systems. 2504.5 Fire safety plan. The owncr or individual in charge of the tire storage yard shall be rcquircd to preparc and submit to thc fire code official a firc safety plan for review and approval. The fire safety plan shall incl~ideprovisions for firc department vehicle access. At least one copy of the tire safcty plan shall bc prominently posted and maintained at the storagc yard. 2504.6 Telephone number. The tclephonc nunlher of the fire department and location of the ncarcst tclepho~lc shall be posted conspicuously in attended locations.
SECTION 2505 OUTDOOR STORAGE 2505.1 Individual piles. Ttre storage shall lie ratrictcd to individual piles not cxcecding 5,000 sqilalc feet (464.5 111') of continuous area. Pilcs shall not exceed 50,000 cubic fect ( I4 16 111') in voli~meor 10 feet (3048 ~ n m in ) height. 2505.2 Separation of piles. Individual tire storage piles shall hc separated from other piles of salvage by a clcar spacc of at least 40 feet (1 2 192 mm). 2505.3 Distance between piles of other stored products. Tirc storage p i l o shall be \eparatcd by a clca~\ p ~ c cof 'it lcast 40 l e t ( 1 2 192 mm) from piles of other stored product. 2505.4 Distance from lot lines and buildings. Tire storage piles shall be located at least 50 fcet (15 240 mm) from lot lincs and buildings. 2505.5 Fire breaks. Storage yards shall bc maintained frcc from combustible ground vegetation I'or a distancc o f 4 0 fcct (12 192 mnl) from the stored material to grass and wccds; and for a distance of 100 feet (30 480 mm) from the storccl p~.ocluct to brush and forcsted areas. 2505.6 Volume more than 150,000 cubic feet. Whcre the bulk volume of stored product is more than 150,000 cubic fcet (4248 m?). storage arratngemcnt shall bc in accordance with thc following: 1 . Individual storagc piles shall comply with s i x and scparation requircmcnts in Sections 2505.1 throngh 2505.5. 2. Adjaccnt atorage piles shall bc considcrcd a group, and the aggregate volunlc of storagc pilcs in LI gioup shall nor exceed 150,000 cubic feet (4248 m '). Scparation between groups shall bc at Ica5t 75 feet (22860 nl) widc.
TlRE REBUILDING AND TlRE STORAGE
2505.7 Location of storagc. Outdoor waste tire storagc shall not be located irndcr bridges, elevated trcstlcs, elevatcd rcjadways or clevatecl railroads.
SECTION 2506 FlRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS 2506.1 Required access. Ncw and existing tirc storage yards shall bc provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with Section 503 and this section. 2506.2 Location. Firc apparatus access roads shall be located within 311 pile clcarances identified in Sections 2505.4 and within all firc brcaks rcquired in Section 2505.5. Access roadways shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of any point in the storage yard where storage piles arc located, at least 20 feet (6096 mn1) from any storagc pilc.
SECTION 2507 FENCING 2507.1 Where required. Where the bulk \.olume of storcd materlal is more than 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3), a firmly anchored fence or other approved method of sccurity that controls unai~thorizcdaccess to the storage yard shall surround the storagc yard 2507.2 Construction. Thc fence shall be constructed of approvcd materials and shall be at least 6 fcet (1 829 mm) high and provided with gates at least 20 fcet (6096 mm) wide. 2507.3 Locking. All gates to thc storage y'ud shall be locked when thc storagc yard is not staffed. 2507.4 Unobstructed.Gateways shall bc kcpt clear of obstructions and he fully opcnablc at all times.
SECTION 2508 FIRE PROTECTION 2508.1 Water supply. A public or private fire protection water supply shall be provided in accordance with Section 508. The water supply shall be arrangcd such that any part of the storage yard can bc rcachcd by using not more than 500 feet (1 52 rn) of hose. 2508.2 Fire extinguishers. Buildings or stl-uctures shall be provided with portablc firc extinguishers in accordance with Section 906. Fucl-fired vehicles operating in the storage yard shall be equipped with a minimum 2-A:20-B:C rated portable fire extinguisher.
SECTION 2509 INDOOR STORAGE ARRANGEMENT 2509.1 Pile dimensions. Where tires are stored on-trcad, the dimension of the pile in the dircction of the whcel hole shall not be lnorc than 50 feet ( I 5 240 ~ n m )Tires . storccl adjacent to or along one wall shall not cxtcnd more than 25 feet (7620 mm) from that wall. Othcr piles shall not be more than 5 0 feet (15 230 mm) in width. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
CHAPTER 26
WELDING AND OTHER MOP WORK SECTION 2601 GENERAL 2601.1 Scope. Welding, cutting, open torchcs and other hot work operations and equipment shall comply with this chapter. 2601.2 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section IOS.(i. 2601.3 Restricted areas. Hot work shall only bc conducted in areas designed or authorized for that purpose by the personnel responsible for a Hot Work Program. Hot work shall not be conducted in thc following areas unless approval has been obtained from Ihe fire code official: I . Areas where the sprinkler system is impaired. 2. Areas wherc there exists the potential of 2111 explosive atmospherz, such as locations where flammable gases, liquidr 01.vapors are prescnt 3. Arcas with readily ignitable materials, snch 21s storage of large quantities of bulk sulfur. balcd paper. cotton, lint, dust or loose combustible materials. 4.
011board
ships at dock or ships under construction or renair. 5. At othcr locations as specified by the fire code official.
2601.4 Cylinders and containers. Compressed gas cylinders and fuel containers shall comply with this chapter and Chapter 30. 2601.5 Design and i~~stallation of oxygen-fuel gas systems. An oxygen-fuel gas system with two or more ruanlfolded cylindcrs of oxygen shall be ill accordancc w ~ t hNFPA 51.
SECTION 2602 DEFINITIONS 2602.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elscmhere in this codc, have the meanings shown herein. HO'F WORK. Operatio~isincluding cutting, welding, Thermit welding, bra~ing,soldering. gri~iding,tliernial spraying. thawing pipe. inhtallation of torch-applied roof systems or any other similar activily. HOT WORK AREA. The area exposed to sparks, hot slag, radiant heat, or convective heat as a result of the hot work.
HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. Electric or gas wclcling or cutring cqiripmcnt use for hot work. HOT WORK PERMITS. Permits issued by the rcsponsible person at the t a c ~ l ~under ty [he hot work permit program permithnp welding or other hot work to be done in locations referred to in Seclion 2603.3 and prc-peni~~tted by the fire codc offic~al.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
NOT WORK PROGRAM. A p e ~ ~ n i t t program. cd carricd out by approved facilities-designated personnel. allowing them to t c dtheir pcrovcrscc and issue pel-rnits for hot work c o ~ i d ~ ~ cby sonnel or at their facility. The intent is to have trained. on-site, responsible personnel ensure that required hot work safety measures are taken to prevent fires and fire sprcad. RESPONSIBLE PERSON. A person trained in thc sal'cty and fire safety considerations concerned with hot work. Responsible for reviewing thc sites prior to issuing pcr~iiitsas past of thc hot work permit program and following up as the job progrcsses. TORCH-APPLIEI) ROOF SYSTEM. BiLu~ninousroofing systems using membranes that arc adhered by heating with a torch and melting asphalt back coating instead of mopping hot asphalt for adhesion.
SECTION 2603 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2603.1 General. Hot work conditions and operalions shall colnply with this chapter, 2603.2 Te~i~porary 2nd fixed hot work areas. Tempora~yand fixed hot work areas shall comply with this seclion. 2603.3 Mot work program permit. Hot work pcrnmits, issued by an approved responsible person under a hot work program. shall be available for review by the tire code official at the t i ~ n c the work is conducted and for 48 hours aftcr work is co~iipletc. 2603.4 Qoalitications of operators. A pel-mit for hot work operatio~lsshall not be issued unless the individuals in charge of pcrfonning such operations are capable of pcrfol-r~iingsuch operations safcly. Demonstration of a working knowlcdgc of the provisions of this chapter shall constitute acccptahle evidence of compliance with this requirement. 2603.5 Records. The individual rcspo~isiblcfor thc hot work area shall maintain "pl-ework check" reports in accordance with Scction 2604.3.l. Thcse reports shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of 48 hours aftcr work is complete. 2603.6 Signage. Visible hazard idcntification signs shall bc provided wherc required by Chapter 27. Whcrc thc hot wol-li area is accessible to persons other than the opcrator of the hot work equipment, conspicuous signs shall bc pos~cdto warn others before they cnter the hot work u c a . Such signs shall display the following warning: CAUTION HOT WORK W PROGRESS STAY CLEAR.
WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK
SECTION 2604 FlRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 2604.1 Protection of combustiblcs. Protection of co~nbustibles shall bc in accortiancc with Sections 2604.1 .I through 2604.1.9. 2604.1.1 Combustibles. Hot work areas shall not contain combustiblcs 01-sliall be provided with appropriate shiclding to prevcnt sparks. slap or heat frorn igniting exposed combustibles.
2604.1.2 Openings. Openings or cr;iclts in walls, floors, ts the hot work area shall be tightly covducts or s l ~ ~ fwithill ercd to prcvent the passage of sparks to adjacent combustiblc arcas, or shielded by metal fire-resistant guards, or curtains shall be provided to prcvent passage of sparks or slag.
2604.1.3 Housekeeping. Floors shall bc kept clean within thc hot work area.
2604.1.4 Conveyor systems. Conveyor systems that are capable of carrying sparks to distant combustibles shall be shielded or shut down.
2604.1.5 Partitions. Partitions segregating hot work areas from other areas of the building shall be noncombustible. In fixed hot work areas, the partitions shall be securely connected to thc floor such that no gap exists hetween the floor anti the partition. Partitions shall prevent the passage of sparks, slag, and hcat fro111the hot work area.
2604.1.6 Floors.Fixed hot work areas shall have floors with noncombustible s~irfaces. 2604.1.7 Precautions in hot work. Hot work shall not be pcrfor~nedon containe~s or equipment that contains or has contained flammable liquids, gases or solids until the containcrs and equipment havc bccn thoroughly cleaned, incrted or purged: except that "hot tapping" shall be allowed on tanks and pipe linec when such work is to be conductcd by approved peraonncl. 2604.1.8 Sprinkler pi-otection. Automa1ic sprinkler protection shall not be shut off while hot work is performed. Where hot work is performcd close to automatic sprinklers, nonco~nbustiblcbarriers or damp cloth guards shall shield the individual sprinklcr heads and shall be removed whcn thc work is con~pletcd.If the work extends over several days; the shields shall bc removed at the end of each workday. Thc fire code official shall approvc hot work where sprinkler protection is ilnpaircd. 2604.1.9 Fire detection systems. Approved special precautions shall be talcen to avoid accidental operation of automatic fire detcct~onsystems.
2604.2 Fire watch. Fire watches shall be established and conducted in accordance with Sections 2604.2.1 through 2604.2.6. 2604.2.1 When required. A fire watch shall be provided during hot work activities and shall continue for a minirnuni of 30 m i ~ ~ u tafter c s thc conclusion of the work. 'l'he tire code official, or the responsible manager under a hot work program, is authorized to cxtcnd the fire watch based on the hazards or work being pcrfonned.
Exccption: Where the hot work arca has no fire hazards or combustible cxpos~~res.
2604.2.2 Location. The fire watch shall includc thc entire hot work area. Hot work conductcd in areas with vertical or horizontal fire exposures that are not observable by a single individual shall have additiorial personnel assigned to fire watches to ensure that exposed arcas arc monitored.
2604.2.3 Duties. Individuals designated to fire watch duty shall have fire-extinguishing equipment readily available and shall bc trained in thc LISC of such equipmcnr. Individuals assigned to fire watch duty shall be responsible for extinguishing spot fires and communicating an alann.
2604.2.4 Fire training. The individuals responsible for performing thc hot work and individuals responsiblc for providing the fire watch shall be trained in the use of portable fire extinguishers. 2604.2.5 Fire hoses. Where hoselil~esarc required, they shall bc connected, charged and ready for operation.
2604.2.6 Fire extinguisher. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and with a rnlnimum 2-A:20-R:C rating sh:~ll he readily accessible within 30 fect (9144 mm) of tllc location where hot work is performcd. 2604.3 Area reviews. Before hot work is permitted and at lcast oncc per day while thc pcrniit is in effcct, Lhe kuca shall bc inspected by the individual responsiblc for authorizing hot work operations to ensurc that it is a fire safe arca. Information shown on the permit shall bc verified prior to signing the permit in accordance with Section 105.6. 2604.3.1 Pre-hot-work check. A prc-hot-work check shall be conducted prior Lo wulk to ensure that all equipment is safe and hazards are recognized and protccted. A report of the check shall bc kept at thc work site during the w o ~ kand availablc upon request. The prc-hot-work check shall determine all of the following:
1. Hot work equipment to bc used shall hc in satisfactory o p e ~ a ~ i ncondition g and in good rcpalr. 2. Hot work site is clear of combustiblcs or combustibles are protccted.
3. Exposed construction is of nonco~nbustiblcmaterials or, if combust~blc,then protected. 4. Openings are protectcd.
5. Floors are kept clean. 6. No exposed combustibles are locntcd on the oppos~te s ~ d cof partit~ons.walls, ceilings or floors.
7. Fire watches, where required, are assigned. 8. Approved actions have been taken to prckent accidental activation of wpprcssion and detection cquipmcnt in accordance with Sections 2603.1.8 and 2604.1.9. 9. Fire extinguishers and fire hoses (whclc probided) are operable and availablc. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
WELDlNG AND OTHER HOT WORK
SECTION 2605 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING 2605.1 Gencral. Devices or attachments mixing air or oxygen with co~nbustiblcgases prior- to consumptionl except at thc burner or in a standard torch or blow pipe, shall not be allowed unless approved. 2605.2 Cylinder and container storage, handling and use. Storage, handling and usc of comprcssed gas cylinders, contalncrc and tanks shall be in accordance with t h ~ section s and Chapter 30. 2605.3 Precautions. Cylinders, valves, rcgulators, hose and other apparatus and fittings for oxygen shall be kept free from oil or grcasc. Oxygcn cylinders. apparatus and fittings shall not bc handlecl with oily hands, oily gloves, or greasy tools or equip~nent. 2605.4 Acetylene gas. Acetylene gas shall not be piped cxccpt in approved cylinder manifolds and cylindel-~nanifoldconnections. or utilizcd at a pressure exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 N'a) unless dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders manufactured in accordancc with DOTn 49 CFR. Acctylenc gas shall not be brought in contact wit11 unalloycd copper, cxccpt in a blowpipe or torch. 2605.5 IZernote locations. Oxygen and fuel-gas cylinders and acetylenc gcncrators shall be located away from the hot work arca to prevent such cylinders or generators from being heated by radiation from heated materials, sparks or slag: or misdirection of thc torch flame. 2605.6 Cylinders shutoff. The torch valvc shall be closed and the gar supply to the torch completely shut off when gas welding or cu~tingoperations arc discontinuedfor aperiod of 1 hour or inorc. 2605.7 Prohibited operation. Welding or cutting work shall not bc held or supported on compressed gas cylinders or containers. 2605.8 Tests. Tcsts for leaks in piping systcms and equipment shall bc made with soapy water. The use of flames shall be prohibitcd for leak tcsting. SECTION 2606 ELECTRIC ARC HOT WORK 2606.1 General. Thc frame or case of elcctric hot work niachincs, exccpt internal-co~nbustion-engine-driven ~nachines,shall bc grounded. Gr-ound connections shall be mechanically strong and electrically adequatc for the required current. 2606.2 Return circuits. Wclding current return circuits from the work to the machinc shall havc proper electrical contact at ioints. The clcctrical contact shall be pt:riodically inspected. 2606.3 Disconnecting. Electrodes shall be removed from the holders when clcctric arc wclding or cutting is discontinued for any period of 1 hour or more. The holders shall be locatcd to contact and the machines shall be disconprcvcnt accidc~~tal nectcd from thc powcr sourcc. 2606.4 Emergency disconncct. A switch or circuit b1-cakcr shall be proviclcd so that fixed electric welders and control 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
equipment can be disconnected from thc supply circuit. The disconnect shall be installed in accordance with thc ICC Electrical Code.
2606.5 Damaged cable. Damaged cable shall be rcnio~.cd from service until properly repaired or rcplaced. SECTlON 2607 CALClUM CARBIDE SYSTEMS 2607.1 Calcium carbide storage. SLoragc and liandling of calcium carbide shall co~nplywith Chaptcr 27 of this code and Chapter Y of NFPA 5 1. SECTION 2608 ACETYLENE GENERATORS 2608.1 Usc of acetylene generators. Thc use of acetylcne generators shall comply with this section and Chapter 4 of NFPA 51A. 2608.2 Portable generators. The minim~imvol~imeof rooms containing pol-table gencrators shall bc 35 timcs the total gas-generating capacity per charge of all generators in the room. The gas-gcner-a~ingcapacity in cubic fcct per charge shall be assumed to be 4.5 times thc wcight of carbide per chargc in pounds. The ~ninimurl~ cciling hcight of rooms containing generators sllall be 10 feet (3048 rnm). An acetylenc generator shall not bc moved by dei-rick, cr-arieor hoist while charged. 2608.3 Protection against freezing. Generators sh:111 be located where water will not freeze. Common salt such as sodium chloride or other corrosive chemicals shall not be utilized for protection against freezing. SECTION 2609 PIPING MANIFOLDS AND HOSE SYSTEMS FOR FUEL GASES AND OXYGEN 2609.1 General. The use of piping manifolds and hosc systerns shall be in accordance with Section 2609.2 through 2609.7, Chapter 30 and Chapter 5 of NFPA 5 1. 2609.2 Protection. Piping shall be protected against physical damage. 2609.3 Signage. Signage shall bc providcd for piping and hose systcms as followa: 1 . Above-ground piping systenls shall be lnarltcd in accordance with ASlLlE A 13.1. 2. Station outlcts shall hc marked to indicatc their intc~~dcd usage. 3. Signs shall be posted, indica~ingclearly the location ant1 identity of section shutoff valves.
2609.4 Manifolding of cylinders. Oxygcn manifolds shall not be located in an acetylcne generator room. Oxygcn manifolds shall be located at least20 feet (6096 mm) away from conlbustible material suchas oil or grcasc, and gas cylinders containing flammable gases, unless thc gas cylinders are separated by a fire partition.
CHAPTER 27
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL SECTION 2701 GENERAL 2701.1 Scope. Prevention. co~itroland mitigation of dangerous conditions related to storagc, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials shall bc in accordance with this chapter. This chaptcr shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated clscwhcre in this code, exccpt that when specific rcquircments are provided in other chapters, those specific recluire~nentsshall apply in accordance with the applicable chapter. Where a material has multiple hazards, all hazards shall bc addressed.
I . Thc quantitics of iilcoholic beverages, medicines. fooclrtuffs, cos~ncticsand consumer or industrial products containing not morc than 50 percent by \rolu~ncof watcl-miscible liauids and with the remainder of thc solutions not being flatnmablc, in rctail or wholesale sales occupancies, are unlimited when packaged in individ~ialcontainers not cxceeding 1.3 gallons (5 1,). 2. Applicatiou ur~dI-elcaseof pesticide and agricultural products and materials intended for usc in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or sirnilar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions and label directions. 3. The vfu-site transportation of hazardous materials when in accordance withDepartmcnt ofTransportation (DOTn) regulations.
I. Building matcrials not otherwise regulatcd by this codc.
5 . Refrigeration systems (see Scction 606). 6. Stationary storagc battery systcnls regulated by Section 608.
7. Thc display. storage, sale or use of fireworks and cxplosivcs in uucorctance with Chapter 33. S. Corrosives ~[ilizetfin pcrson~~l and household products in thc manufacturers' original consumer packaging in Group M occupancies.
PROVISIONS
recordcd and cntcrcd in thc filcv of thc codc cnforccnicnt agency.
2701.2 Material classification.Hazardous materials arc those chemicals or substances deflned as such in this codc. Dctjnitions of hazardous matel-ials shall apply to all hazardous rnatcrials, including those nlatcrials regulatcd elscw11e1-c in this code. 2701.2.1 PvIixtures. Mixtures shall be classificd in :tccordance with hazards of the mixture as a whole. Mixtures of hazardous materials shall I3e classified in accordance with nationally recognized reference standards; by an app~.ovcd qualified organization, individual, or Matcrial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); or by other approvcd methods. 2781.2.2 Hazard categories. Hazardous nlatcrials shall bc classiflcd according to hazard categorics. Thc categorics include materials regulated by this chaptcr and 11iatc1.ials regulated elsewhere in this codc. L.
2701.2.2.1 Physical hazards. The ~natcrialcategories listed in this section arc classified as physical hazards. A material with a primary classification as a physical hazard can also posc a health hazard. 1. Explosives and blasting agents.
2. Flammable and combustible liquids. 3. Fla~nmablcsolids and gases. I. Organic peroxide materials. 5. Oxidizer materials.
6. Pyrophoric matcrials. 7. Unstable (reactive) matcrials,
8. M'atcr-reactive solids n ~ liquids. ~ d 9. Cryogenic fluids.
2701.2.2.2 Health hazards. The material catcgorics listcd in this section arc classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a hcalth h ~ ~ z a r d can also posc a physical hazard. I . Highly ti)xic and toxic matcrklls 2. Corrosive niatcrials
iO. Thc use of wall-mounted dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class I or I1 liquids when in accordance with Section 3405.5.
2701.3 Performance-based design alternative. When approved by thc fire code official, builclings and facilities where hazardous materials are storcd. used or handled shall bc permitted to co~nplywith this section as an altcmative to cornpliance with the otherrcquircments sct forth in this chapter and Chapters 28 through 44.
2701.1.1 F'aiver. The provisions of this chapter are waived whcn the firc coclc official dcterrnincs that such enforcemcnt is prcemptcd by othcr codes, statutes or ordinances. Thc dctails of any action granting such a waiver shall bc
2701.3.1 Objective. The objcctivc of Section 270 I 3 is to protect pcoplc and property from thc consecluc~lccsof unau thorized dischargc, fires or cxplosions involving 11az:udous materials.
9. Thc storage of distilled spirits and wines in xvooden barrels and casks.
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PROVlSlONS
2701.3.2 Functional statements. Performance-ha5ed design altcrnativcs are bascd on the following f~~nctional statcmcnts: I . Provide safeguards to minimize the risk of unwanted relcases. fires or explosions involving hazardous matcrials. 2. I'rovide safeguards to mininiizc the consequences of an unsai'c condition involving hazardous materials during normal operations and in the event of an abnormal condition.
2701.3.3 Performance requirements. When safeguards, systcms, documcntation, written plans or proccdures, audits, proccss hazards analysis. mitigation measures, enginecring controls or construction features are required by Scctions 2701 3.3.1 through 2701.3.3.18, the dctails of the design alternative shall be subject to approval by the code official. The details of actions granting the use of the design alternatives shall be recorded and entered in the files of the jurisdiction. 2701.3.3.1 Properties of hazardous materials. Thc physical and health-hazard properties of hazardous materials on site shall be known and shall he made readily available to cmployecs, neighbors and thc fire codc official. 2701.3.3.2 Reliability of equipment and operations. Equipment and operations involving hazardous materials shall be designed, installcd and maintained to ensure that they reliably opcrate as intended. 2701.3.3.3 Prevention of unintentional reaction or release. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize thc risk of an unintentional reaction or release that could cr~dangerpeople or property. 2701.3.3.4 Spill mitigation. Spill contain~nentsystems or means to render a spill harmless to people or property shall bc providcd where a spill is detcrnmined to bc a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people or propcrty. 2701.3.3.5 Ignition hazards. Safeguards shall be prohazvided to minimizc the risk of exposing comb~~stiblc ardous materials to unintended sources of ignition. 2701.3.3.6 Protection of hazardous materials. Safeguarcls shall be provided to minimize the riskof cxposing hazardous materials to a fire or physical damage whereby such exposure could endanger or lead to the cndangc~mentof people or property. 2701.3.3.7 Exposure hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minirnizc thc risk of and limit damage fro111 a firc or cxplosion involving explosive hazardous materials whereby such fi rc or explosion could endanger or lead to the cndangerrnent of people or property. 2701.3.3.8 Detection of gas or vapor release. Where a relcase of hazardous materials gas or vapor w o ~ ~cause ld irnmedintc harm to persons or propcrty, means of mitigating the dangerous effects of a release shall bc provided.
2701.3.3.9 Reliable power source. Where a power supply is relied upon to pl-cvent or control an emcrgcncy co~iditionthat could endanger people or propcrty, the power supply shall be from a rcliablc source. 2701.3.3.10 Ventilation. Wherc vcntilation is necessary to limit the risk of crcating an emcrgcncy condition resulting from normal or ab~iormaloperations, mcans of ventilation shall be providcd. 2701.3.3.11 Process hazard analyses. Proccss hazard analyses shall be conducted to cnsurc reasonably the protection of people and property from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials. 2701.3.3.12 Pre-startup safety review. Written documentation of pre-startup safcty review proccdures shall he developed and enforced to cnsure that operations are initiated in a safe manner. The proccss of developing and updating such procedures shall in\~olvethc participation of affected employees. 2701.3.3.13 Operating and emergency proccdures. Written documentation of operating procedures and proccdurcs for emcrgcrlcy shut down shall bc tlcvcloped and enforccd to cnsure that operations are conductcd in u safe manner. The proccss of developing and updating such procedures bhall involve the participation of affcctcd employees. 2701.3.3.14 Management of change. A written plan for inanagcmcnt of changc shall be dcvcloped and cnlhrccd. The process of developing and updating the plan \hall involve the participat~onof affectcd employees. 2701.3.3.15 Errlergency plan. A written emergency plan shall be developed to ensure that proper actions arc talcen In thc etent of an emergency, and the plan shall be followed if an emergcncy condition occurs. 'Thc process of developing and updating the plan shall involve thc participation of affccted employees. 2701.3.3.16 Accident procedures. Written procedures for investigation and docu~ncntationof accidents shall he developed, and accidents shall be investigated and documented in accordance with these procedures. 2701.3.3.17 Consequence analysis. Where an accidcntal release of hazardous materials could endanger peoplc or propcrty, either on or off-site, an analysis of the cxpected consequences of a plausible release shall bc performed and utilizcd in the analysis and selection of active and passive hazard mitigation controls. 2701.3.3.18 Safety audits. Safcty audits shall he conducted on a periodic basis to verify compliance with the requirements of this section. 2701.4 Retail and wholesale storage and display. For rctail and wholesalc storage and display of no~lilam~nable solid and nonflamrnablc or noncombustible liquid hazardous matcrials in Group M occupancies and storage in Group S occupancies, see Section 2703.1 1 .
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2701.5 Pcrrnits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.6 and 105.7. When required by the fire code official, permittees shall apply for approval to permanently close a storage, use or handli~igfacility. Such application shall be submitted at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of hazardous materials. The fire codc official is authorized to require that the application be accompanied by an approved f~icilityclosure plan in accordance wit11 Section 2701.6.3.
2701.5.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Where I-equ~redby the fire code official, each applicat~on for a peniiit shall include a Hazardous Materials Manage ~ n e nPlan t (HMMP). Thc HMMP shall include a facility site plan designating the following: I. Storage end use areas. 2. Maximum amount of each material stored or used in each area.
PROVISIONS
2701.6.2 Permanently out-of-service facilities. Facilities for which a pennit is not kept current or is not monitored and inspected on :I regular basis shall bc dcc~ncdto bc pcmmancntly out of service and shall be closed in an approved manner. When required by the firc codc official, per~nittces shall apply for approval to close permiuiently storage. use or handling facilities. The firc codc official is authorized to require that such application be accompanied by an approved facility closure plan in accordancc with Section 2701.6.3. 2701.6.3 Facility closure plan. When afacility closure plan is required in accordance with Section 2701.5 to terminate storage, dispensing, handling or LISCof hazardous materials, it shall be submitted to the fire code official at Icnst 30 days prior to facility closurc. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous tnaterials which are storcd, dispensed, handled or used in the facility will be transported, disposcdof or reused in amanner that climinatcs the need for furthcr maintenance and any threat to public health and safety.
3. Range of container sizes. 4. Locations of emergency isolation and mitigation valves and devices.
5. Product conveying piping containing liquids or gases, othcr than utility-owncd rue1 gas lines and low-prcssurc fuel pas lines. 6. On and off positions of valves for valves that are of the self-indicating type.
7. Storage plan showing the intended storage arrangement. including thelocationaoddirncnsions ofaisles. 8. The location and type of emergency equipment.The plans shall bc legible and drawn approximately to scale. Separate distribution systems are allowed to be shown on separatc pages.
2701.5.2 Hazardous i\/Iaterials Inventory Statement (HMIS). Where required by the fire codc official, an application for a permit shall include an HMIS, such as SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization -4ct of 1986) Title 111. Ticr 11 Report, or othcr approved statement. The HMIS shall include the following infonnation: 2. Chemical name, tr ade nwnes. hazardous ingred~ents.
3. Hazard classification. 4. MSDS or equivalent. 5 . United Nations (UN), North America (NA) or the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) identification number.
SECTION 2702 DEFINITIONS 2702.1 Definitions. The followit~gwords and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter, Chapters 28 through 44 and as used elsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown hcrcin. BOILING POINT. Thc temperature at which the vapor prcssure of aliquid equals the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch (psia) ( 101 Wa) 01.760 mni of ~ncrcury.Whcrc an accurate boilingpoint is unavailal>lefor the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have aconstanthoiling point, for the purposes of this classification, the 20-percent evaporated point of a distillation perfo~medin accorda~icewith ASTM D 86 shall bc used as the boiling point of the liquid. CEILING LIMIT. Tlic maximum concentration of an air-borne contaminant to which one may be exposed. Thc ceiling limits utilized are those published in r>O1, 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. The ceiling Recommended Exposure Limit (REL-C) concentrations published by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Tlircshold Limit Value - Ceiling (TLV-C) concentrations publishcd by the American Conference of Governmental industrial Hygenists (ACGIH), ceiling Workplace Environu-lcntal Exposure Level (WEEL-Ceiling) Guides published by thc American industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). and other approved, consistent measures are allowed as surrogates for hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR Part 1920.1000. CHEMTCAL. An element, chemical compound or mixture of elements or compounds or both.
2701.6 Facility closure. Facilities shall bc placed out of scivice in accordance with Sections 2701.6.1 through 2701 6.3.
CHEMICAL NAME. The scientific designation of n chcmical in accorduncc with the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applicd Chemistry, thc Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature. or a naliic which will clcarly identify a chcmical for the purpose of conducting an evaluation.
2701.6.1 lcmporarily out-of-service Facilities. Facilities that arc temporarily out of service shall continue to maintain '1 permit and be monitored and inspected.
CLOSED CONTAINER. A container scaled by means of a lid or othcr dcvicc such that liquid. vapor or dusts will not cacapc from it under ordinary condition5 of use or handling.
6. Maximum quantity stored or used on-site at onc time.
7. Storage conditions related to thc storage type, temperature and pressure.
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PROVISIONS
CONTAINER. A vesscl of 60 gallons (227 L) or less in capacity used for transporting or storing ha7ardous materials. Pipes. s, and engine fuel tanks arc not considpiping ~ y s t e n ~engines cred to be containers.
1
CONTKOI, AREA. Spaccs within a building where quantities of hazardous materials not exceeding the ~naximumallowable quantities per control area are stored, dispensed, used or handlcd. Sec also thc dcfinition of "Outdoor control arca." CYLINDER. A pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40 psia (775.6 kPa) and having a circular cross section. It does not include a portable tank, multi-unit tank car tank, cargo tank or talk car. DAY BOX. A portable magazine designed to hold explosive materials constructcd in accordance with the requirements for a Type 3 rnagaaine as defined and classified in Chapter 33. DEFLAGRATION. An exothermic reaction, such as the extrcn~elyrapid oxidation of a flammable dust or vapor in air, in which the reaction progrcsses through the unburned rnatcrial at a rate less than the vclocity of sound. A deflagration can have an explosive effcct. DESIGN PRESSURE. The maximum gauge pressure that a prcssure vcssel, device, component or system is designcd to withstand safely under the temperature and conditions of use expected. DETACHED BUI1,DING. A separate single-story building, without a bascment or crawl space, used for the storage or use of hazardous materials and located an approved distance from all structures. DISPENSING. Thc pouring or transferring of any material from a containcr, tank or similar vessel. whereby vapors, dusts. fumes, mists or gases are liberated to thc atmosphere. EXCESS FLOW CONTROL. A fail-safe system or other approved means designed to shut off flow caused by a rupture in pressurized pipink7 .s y stems.
GAS CABINET. tZ fully enclosed, noncombus~iblecnclosuse used to providc an isolated environment for conlprcsscd gas cylinders in storage or use. Doors and access ports for exchanging cylinders and accessing pressure-regulating controls are allowed to be included. GAS 1100M. A separately ventilated, f ~ ~ lencloscd ly room in which only compressed gases and associated cquipmcnt and supplies are stored or used. HANDLING. The deliberatc transport by any rncans Lo a point of storage or use. HAZARDOUS MATERIA1,S. Those chemicals or substances which are physical hazards or hcalthliazards as defined and classified in this chapter, whethcr thc materials are in usable or waste condition. HEALTH HAZARD. A classification of a chcmical for which there is statistically significant evidence that acutc or chronic health effects are capable of occurring in exposed persons. The tcnn "health ha7ar.d" includes chemicals that arc toxic, highly toxic and corrosive. IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS 'rO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH). The conccntration of air-borne contaminants that poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or effects that could prevent escape from such an environment. This contaminant concentration level is established by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and flammability. It generally is expressed in parts pcr n~illionby volume (ppm vlv) or ~nilligramspcr cubic metcr (mg/m3). If adequate data do not exist for precise establishment of IDLH concentrations, an independent certified industrial hygienist, industrial toxicologist. appropriate regulatory agency or othcr source approved by the firc code official shall make such deternlination. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, whcn [nixed, have the potential to react in a manner which generatcs heat. fumcs, gases or byproducts which are hazardous to lifc or propcrty.
EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE. An appliance or piece of equipment which consists of'a top, a back and two sides providing a means of local cxhaust for capturing gases, fumes, vapors and mists. Such enclosures include laboratory hoods, exhaust fume hoods and similar appliances and equipment used to retain and cxhaust locally the gases, ft~mes,vapors and mists that could be rclcascd. Rooms or areas provided with general ventilation, in themselves, are not exhausted enclosures.
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (1,EL). See "1,ower flammable limit."
EXPLOSION. Ari effect produced by thc sudden violent expansion of gascs, which may be accompanied by a shock wave or disruption, or both, of enclosing mater~alsor structures. An explosion could rcsult from any of the following:
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). The minimum concentration of vapor in air at which propagation of flame will occur in the presence of an ignition source. Thc LFL is somctimes referred to as LEL or lower explosive limit.
1. Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, detlagration or detonation, decomposition of molecules and runaway polymerization (usually dctonations).
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Infornlation concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of DOI, 29 CFRPart I9 10.1200 or in accordance w ~ t hthe provisions of a federally approved state OSHA plan.
2. Physical changes such as pressure tank ruptures.
3. Atomic changes ( ~ ~ u c l cfission ar or fusion) E'LAMMAHLE VAPORS OR FUMES. The conccntration of tlam~nnblcconstituents in air that exceeds 75 pcrcentof their Iowcr flammable limit (LFL). 240
LIQUID. A material having a melting point thal is equal to or less than 68°F (20°C) and a boiling point which is greatcr than 68°F (20°C) at 14.7 psia (101 kPa). When notothcrwisc identified, the tern1 "liquid" includcs both flammable and combustiblc liquids.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA. Thc maximurn amount of a hazardous material allowed to be stored or used within acontrol arca inside a building or rnl outdoor control area. The maximum allowable quan2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
PROVISIONS
tity pcr control arca is bascd on thc material statc (solid. liquid or gas) and the material storage or use conditions.
inch gauge (760 mm Hg through 8 12 mm Mg) measurcd at thc top of thc tank.
NOIZM41, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTY). A tempcrature of 70°F (21°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere 1147 psia (101 kPa)).
TANK, PORTABJ,E. A packaging of more than 60-gallon (227 L) capacity and designcd primarily to bc loadcd into or on or temporarily attached to a trar~sportvchiclc o r ship and equipped with skids. mountings or ncccssories to facilitate handling of the tank by mechanical nicans. It docs not includc any cylinder having lcss than a 1.000-pound (354 kg) water capacity; cargo tank, tank car tank or tl.ailcrs carrying cylinders o f more than 1,000-pound (451 kg) water capacity.
OUI'DOOR CONTROL AREA. An outdoor arca that contains haz;~rdousmaterials in amounts not excceding the maximuni allowable quantities of Table 2703. l . l(3) or 2703.1 .l(4). PERMJSSJRLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL). Thciiiaximum permitted 8-hour time-wciglited-avclage concentration of an arc air-hornc contaminant. The exposure limits to be ~~tilized thosc published in DOL 29 CFR Part 19 10.1000. The Recommended Exposure I i n i t (REL) concentrations published by the U.S. Yational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 'l'hreshold Limit Valuc-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) concentrations published by the American Confcrence of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Workplace Environmental Exposurc Lcvel (WEEL) Guides published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and o t h c ~approvcd, consistent measures are allowcd as surrogates for hazardous substances not listed in DOL 29 CFR P a ~ t1910.1000. PESTICIDE. A substance or mixture of substanccs. including fungicides, intcnded for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating pcsts and substances or a niixture of substances intcnded for use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. Products dcfincd as drugs in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosn~cticAct arc not pesticides. YIIYSICAI, HAZARD. A chcmical for which there is evidence that it is a combustible liquid, compressed gas. cryoliquid, flammable genic, cxplosivc, flaminablc gas, fla~u~nable solid, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyroplioric or unstable (reaclive) or wntcr-rcactive material. PRESSURE VESSEL. A clvsed vessel dcsigned to operate at pressirrcs iibovc 15 psig (103 kPa). SAFETY CAN. An approvcd container of not more than 5-gallon (19 L) capclcity having a spring-closing lid and spout cover so desig~icdthat it will relieve intcrnal pressurc when subjected to fire cxposure SECONDARY CONMINhlENT. That levcl of conlainrncnt that is extcrnal to and separate from primary containment. SI3GREGATED. Storage in the sarnc room or inside arca, but physically separated by distance from incomyati ble materials. SOLID. A material that has a niclt~ngpoint and deconiposcs or sublimes at a te~npcraturcgreatcr than 68°F (20°C). STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. The keeping. retention or lcavinp of hazardous mate~iulsin closed containers. tanks, cylinders, or si~uilarvessels; or vcssels supplying operations through closed co~inectionsto the vessel.
I SYSTEM. An asscmbly of cquip~r~enl consisting of a tanlc, container or containers, appurtcnances, pumps. compressors ~ n cvnnccring d piping. 'rANIC, ATMOSPIIERIC. A stor age lank dcsigned to operate at prcssurc\ from atmo5phcric through I 0 pound pcr square 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TANK, STATIONARY. Packaging designcd prirnarily for or stationary installations not intcndcd for loading, ~~nloading attachment to a transport vehicle as part of its normal operation in t l ~ cprocess of use. It does not include cylinders having lcss than a 1.000-pound (454 kg) water capacity. TANK VEHICLE. A vehicle other than a railroad tank car or boat, with a cargo tank mounted thereon or built as an integral part thercof, used for thc transportatiolr o r flam~nableor combustible liquids, LP-gas or hazardous chemic;lls. Tank vehicles include self-propelled vehiclcs and full trailers and semitrailers, with or without motive power, and carrying part or all of the load. UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE. A relcasc or cniission of ~naterialsin a manner which does not conform to the provisions of this code or applicable public health and safety regulations. USE (MATERIAL). Placing a material into action, including solidsl liquids and gascs.
VAPOR PRESSURE. The prcssure cxerted by a volatilc fluid as determined in accordance with ASTM D 323.
SECTION 2703 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2703.1 Scope. Thc storage, usc and handling of all hazardous materials shall be in accordance with this section. 2703.1.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control arca. The maximmn allowable quantity pel- cor~trolarca shall bc as 3pecified in Tables 2701.1. J(1) through 2703.1 l(4) For retail and wholesale storage and display in Group M occupancies and Group S storagc, sce Section 2703.1 1. 2703.1.2 Conversion. Wherc quantities arc indicated in pounds and when thc weight pcr gallon of thc liquid is not provided to the fire code official. a conversion factor of 10 pou~ldsper gallon (1.2 k g L ) shall be uscd. 2703.13 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage. usc and halldling of hazardous materials in quantities not excceding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca indicatcd in Tables 2703.1.1(1) through 2703. I . l(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703. 2703.1.4 Quantities exceeding the nlaxin~urnallowable quantity per control area. 'The storagc and use of hazardous materials in cluantitics excecding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca indicatcd in Tables 3703.1.1(1) through 2703.1 .1(4) shall hc in acco~.dancc with this chapter.
TABLE 2703.1 ,I (1) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTlTY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARDa~i~m,",P I
I
GROUP WHEN THE
i
1
L-
ALLOWABLE QUANTITY IS -
STORAGE^
!
Solid pounds
'
;
Liquid gallons
'
4
~
~
~.--
~~~
I
1
Gas cubic feet
'
'
/
i
..
j
-
~
1
H-3
1
H-3
1
i
1
1 --
!
330dr 13,'70OC,
'
Solid pounds
12Sd-'.'
I
Liquid gallons
:
;
Gaseous Liquefied
!
15L1
''
Not Applicable
I
1 ""
1
(1)".K (1)' a (5)C. 9 (50p No1 Applicable (I)'." Not Applicable
F
1e.F
5". P 50'. iI 125".'.1 IC.8
] 'I, e. g
1
Solid pounds
Gas cubicfeet
I
USE-OPEN SYSTEMS~
1
Liquid gallons
1
IA
I
IB andIC
1
!
I
:
H-2
!
Not Applicable
Flam~nablesolid -
Not Applicable
I
a
,
'i
H-3
.~.~
~-!P!C?!~!!L
1V V
i Applicable Not ~-!
H-2 or
1 -.~-
---
I
H-2 or H-3
i
';
Not
.
H-3
Not Applicnble
~'
125"-'
;-~
30d.e . . . . .
1206~ 120",',h
80" 3,300'
4
1
.A
Not Not i Applicable ---l_! Applicable +
~ o t Applicable
:
50s Not Applicable
I
Not Applicable
I ...
.
Not Applicable Not L11n11ed Not L~tnlted N I A p p l ~ c a b l e Not L ~ m ~ t e d Not L ~ i n ~ t e d
m IF) B
-i
1
~ o t
:
~ o t Applicable
--
;
--
Ii
J
;
...
11
-,-1
.-
3"d
;
1 ZOd
Not Not Applicable 1 Applicable
I ,OOOd." ~ o t
L_P_PP!~c&!~. i 1
'
Not Appllcable
Not Applicable
~ :
3Od,
I
Not
I
I I
~~
Not Appllcable
.--+.1 Applicable -. - .-
12"".h
125''
-
-
Not Applicable YOd- "
Applicable I --;
~
!
--
Not Not ! Not ~ ~ p l i c a b l e i ~ ~ p l i c aJ-Applicable ble
; Applicable
I
Not i Not 1 Applicable Applicable
Applicable.~
1
Not
;---~.
I
:
1
2'Z
O.2Y (0 25)e 0.158 I r0 25)" 1s ( I jk Not Not (50)g Applicable I Appltcdble Not Not Appl~crble Not No1 Appl~cable Applicable I Appllcable (0 25)e 1 (0.15)" 0.25" Not Not No1 Applicable I Appl~c~tble I -- - -- 7 --Applicable .--- -----
Not App1ic;tble
1 ~
i4pplicahle
;
4
+ . ~ ~
I
~
,
45cl
1 ~
--
; Not
1
~ o t
j Applicable
1 No1 Applicable I
1
~
-,
No1 Not I No1 Applic.ble Applicable I Applicable _I-~.. _ h _ _ _ c ~--..-.~-.---.:-..---.-----.; _C_
(20) (200)
No1 ~
-
Flammable liquids'
!
i
13.200' ~~
(100) (1,000)
I
30"
.4 .
Not . 1,000".' Applicable 3 ( ~ . e 1I Applicable Not ~~
I
.
Not Applicable 1
I
~
I
I
Conlbination Fla~nmableliquid (Ih.lB, IC)
I
I
-.
i
Not Applicable
Not Not 1 Applicable . . . . Applicable _C
Not 1 Applicable i .~
1'.
H- l H- 1 H-I or H-2 F-1-3 H-3 H-I H- I
!
(100) ~ (1.000) .
Not Applicable
Applicable 1 I--. -1
Division I .2 1 Divisio~l1.3 : Division I .4 'Division 1.4G 1 Division I .5 1 ' Division 1.6 i
Flan~mablepas
1
~ ~-. .L~
I
'
Explosives
I
H-2
1 +
1.3F
1 Division 1.1
I
H-3
:
L~~sscCommo"~-.~ / Cryogenic i or
loxidizi~1~
.
+tttttt-
Not i Applicable +-.~-
Consumer fireworks (
] 2(yt.
H-2 or H-3 ! Not ' H-2 01.H-3 Applicable i Not Applic;~blr: i .--4
Loose 13aled"
fiher Cryogenic Flan~mable
I
11 IIIA IIlB
i ~
.
;
USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS~ ~
..xTER!~-_---~L~~s_---ExcEE~ED~~~~ ~c116~f.~tl.. L - & ~ ! ~ ? L . ~ . ) _ C ~ ~ ~ ~ N T ~ ~ ~ ; A C U ~ ~ C ~.L--!tNTP-~-.._-&?!licfsEt) ~ ~ ~ . . ~ . _ I _ P ~ U ~ _ -~ --.S . ! @o!!dl... .
liquid'
1
:
I
Not Applicable
No[ : Not Applicable I Applicable
(0.25)" (I)" i (50)" NN (125)" Applicable Not Llm~ted Not Limited Wot Ltm~ted Not Limited ;
I,
~
Not Applicable _
,cJd ~
ot :
0.258 1'1
'
(0.2519
I
(10)" (251~ Not L,imited No1 Limitecl
10"
25d Not Lilnitecl : Not Lirniled
-u
a 0
5 v,
4
V)
, , ' [ I o ~JI~!U~I!{.?JW ~ J I ~ o ! ~ . ) I I2111 . ~ J,A(qI pal1:1113a~ ~/ .sa~ur.!1ddl:p
V)
'~1'0.)
Z
0
! i ?
>
2n -I
u
OT
W 2 W 8
I
S 5 LE
W
I-
a
I Cn 3
gu
Q.
N
u
I
3 q PUP. s~r1a1s.iBu!drd u~ 61311~11!116!1 'P
w ~ ~fJ ) ~ I ~III~O!JU~!.!JJI~ J 2113 ilq l,aln[;lSa.r sssur?!ldcli: pan! pul? surrrli.is Boid!d u; slanj tnoascg .g
.apes s!ql q1! $1asunp.los3c ir!pa)1:.13tfo lrrau~tl!uhapar!roloui 110 squel larij [I! [11g C ~ O ~ .IO S Rl11nb!7 B ,Z sai-7!r[a;, uo hqr1c1 [anj u! l a n ~snoase2 lo p ! n f q '1 :sa!l!iuunb a[qemcl[[e ulnulrueur aql :u!u~ur.ra~apu! papri[xr! aq 1n11~[rysSdu!.~oiroj J ~ .d L ,sscls ["!.ralr?w i!q) u! pspu[>u! aq lou [[eqb s [ 18 OS[ o sloauia.t!nbai ~ U I ~ J aql I ? ql!a ~ sa![druos 11?qlu o l l u ~paluq payscd-,i[asoaa .o 1 ' 1['KO:; q q r ! ~aas '1 ['SOL; u0!1ms q l ! Bu!ildui03 ~ sa!3ur.d11330 s dno.rt) o! \a~l!lucnbaS1:rols put! 1.q drio~f)LI! sq!nn?nb i;s[ds!p pur? s81,.1ols . I U ~,u 'z'['<()L;UO!132"Sll!,h a3Ul?p.I0331?111 ()Ihq sp11110d U! lUnOrlIl2 'Jql a{J!A!p '~p!llb!j Jfl S U O [ [ G ~JO+J.Ul -paan aq [[cqsZu!f ymd 2u!plrpu! sy.lo.ns~y~ql.401q5!a.%\sso.r:'ai[l~o1uas.rad5;,un\orry lor1 Y! sxlo.\ia~ijaqljo uo!~!sodiuos~ ! u q ~ > l o l3q1+<1 i d )q:!a~\ 1 x 1aql aiaq,fi sqJo.+\a.ri+aqi~orro!i!sodrno.: s!uqsa1o~Ctijo)q2!a,~, laN I ,pa.\o.lddr?a.re a 5 ~ i o jo 1 ~iaulreul 2111piro s.lau!eluoJ rrS~.io]:,aql 1 1 a q ~uauld!~lha ~ JOII~)I~RI!IIB\ -117 U ~ I I U I ~ 'b~bod.lnd ~ I ) ~ J I ~ I : U J J L I ! ~ U J.IOJ LJ~:SSJJ;IU a ~ s[~:!.ra)viil e qnns uaqMl)al\o[[~s! SJ?I!P!POE bs~:[jp!llh![ JO XUO[[DS oz 10p![os J Obpunod ( ) ( ) ~ J OL]!]ucnb LUIIW!XI:~UQ .)[ .urorl[ocl i[xa jo pearl aqi ie srsaqlus1ed u! slrun ,Al!lucnh alrs!pur s!saq~ua~nd u! sa!l!lui:n() 'apos s!ql ql!,\\ sa![durn~~ria~sKs q m s pap!.%oid suo[[r5 099 aq [[~:qs~ualsKs3u!d!d [!o-[JL'Je 01 pa]muuo? s! !~:qluta]s,Cb a Q ~ . ~ op!nh![ l s a[q!ls~iqurosI?,{u ,tl!?r!d1?3 mnm!rPu[ aq] 'Zu~pl!nq I? ap!suI '1 sp!nb![ alqvuILucL4 3 1 S S R [ 10 ~ g~ ss1:[3 'VI s58[34o r?aiF:1011110s lad Al!lunnb a[qcmol[r wnur~x.c.~u aqi ueq) aioor lou 5rr!u!eluo3 .q .~iraisXs.rg[yu!.rds s!l~?ruc~lnr! pn\o.lddv ur ill!,* ~ n u q Z n ~ ~padd!uhs r~[l s:'tr!pl!nq (I! Sfrio pa.wo[[V '2 ' [ ' [ , ~ ' uo!lJaS ~ 0 6 ~ J ! Ma3unp.ros~cu! urals,Cs .~a~ytr!.~cIs q?ino]nr: pa~orddt?UI? qq.n 1noqZno.rqlpadd!uba Su!p[!uq u ur pa]!urr[ aq lou ~ [ ~sa!]!lucnb q s .J ;i[a,\!l1?[~urns31?pa![dd~:aq 111x1ssaiou qloq .roj asuarx~!aql 'saryddn os[e p aloN a r a q h .?ul?rr.ilajl!s lo samso[nua pa~sncqra'slau1qn3 w 2 'saroq i c p 'slauqcs 321?101spa,\oicId~U! palo1s uar1.a luanrad 00L pas!a".r3~11aq [[uqa sa!l!i~rnub'~1qr!illo1[1!U ~ ~ I K U ~.aY ( C ~ .il[a~!~c[nurnx~! paqdd:? aq [ ~ r q salou s qloq .ro~asealsu! alp .saqddr! os[c 2 3 1 o a.laqM ~ . [ . [ . { . C , ~ ~ , U CS[I!M J ! I ,73u~p~03.31: ~~ III UIIISLS~ a [ y u ! ~ r~rlsiuomt! ds pa,\o.rddu ul! qi!n 1noqSno.iqi padd!nba sSu!p[!uq u! lrraorad001 pasearJu! aq [lr?qssa!qlur:nb a[qc4\o[[e urnul!q,y 'p ,srro[[~% ~1 2u!psmxa I O U s.lnu!sloos [rnp!,\!pur u! 11aS~y~ed a.rc ';[n~.~a~eur q?us iurll p~p!.\o.rd 'paqur![ aq lou [[sqs s[qeirrurcD Su!aq lou s u o ! ~ n [ o ~ i [ l j o ~ a p u ! c uaql r a ~ql!"n sp!ub![ a1q!ss!iu-.rale,ajo ?un[oA Xq luss~ad[)< uur[l a.rou ~oun'u!u!e~uosss!]alrrsospuc .s]3upo~dle!Jisnpu! io.~aurubuo~ 'SJJ~IS]I'OOJ 'sau!s!peur jo sa!l!lur?ub ai[l'sa!suado.~so S ~ U a[us;l[oi[.npuc S [!I?I;~Jul ~suol[u8 E. 1 Bu!paaaxslou s,iau!ulrro3 [nnp!A!pur u!paSt!y31?d ale sp!nh!~ar[l8n!p!~ordpa1!irr!~aq~ou IICC[S S J ! J U C ~ N J ? O sajw a[el;a[oq*l\pu~:[!c)a.l u! szBe~a,\aqJ ! [ O ~ ~ ~ ~ P . ~ O S ar[L ~ ! ) !' 3J U E I ~ ~ .aZ~.rols.lqpals!! L~!luunh aql paask-a I U U [[i?qsa4~.rolspun asn 111d1yul:nb a11?3s.r82u3 q ,q ~ 'E'X'ZOLZ UO!IXS a s 'sa.ru [o.r~uoajo asn ,109'8 '7 58L.F = i1o[[" ;! "BYbSt.0= punod 1 'iUl i''HZfJ'0 = r o q 3!qll? [ :IS 2nd P?)!KlI1 ION "(01)
:,i[)
/
1 I
, pal!ur!I'
P2)!U1!'1 ION POI
a
PI ' .
3
/
pal!tu!7 i o , ~1 p a l ! ~ u qi o 1 ~ pa11ur17 ION , p q ! u r q ION I ! p(0f) pol a'p0SZ 11!05! p(I) 1 l o I(\) y(Sz.0) ySZ.0 1 i ( 0 )
1
-
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1
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1
!
~ . ~ o i
1
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f
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I
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( i
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L
.
i
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,.,,ns
:
J
!
2
:oi
l-pal!ru 1
~
7 I
I
1
~
~
~
C-11 Z-H
j
I
----~ zI
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j
c .
L
:,-.05
j
1'
1
:.:(PI
I
2 . 3 ~
I
j
i
;
-~
-
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I
-
I
1I
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1
L
t
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Z-H
~
i
I
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I
~
3~113~3.1 .ralcfi
I
i P~I!Lu!-~ J U N 1 pal!m!l lo^ 1 a [ q m l d d v lo^ i vrOST 1 a‘p(,OS) I a p O S C-H J.oOS I al>S ' Z-HJO I-H j ~ ~ 0 j 1 :.a([) S..~I 1-H
pal!ruq ION
~
(a.k!lst.a.rj 21qqsufl
i
~
'
-----I
a[qm[ddy
!
3uoqdo.1,id
+
L
6
oz
P
/ i
suollelj p!nb!l
~---TSX~TGAS
I
spunod p!los
~. --L-. ..
N3dO-3Sfl
!
SSVl3
laaj mqn3 se~)
~--.
-
-
NflNlX'fW 3HlN3HM ~IIOHE)
-I i
--
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lVI~3lVW
w ;
TABLE 2703.1.1(2) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POSING A HEALTH HAZARD"I~~".~ 7
1
i 1
I
STORAGE^
....~
Solid
MATERIAL
-P!~Z~
~
;
L
Liquid gallons
!P~u~~!:L
.
__..~
~-
USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS~ ~
; I
Gas cubic feet at NTPe
Solid poundse
I
~
Liquid gallons pound^)^
~
~
! Gas ' cubic feet at NTPe
L-
.
USE-OPEN SYSTEMS~
~~
Solid ~i~poundse
~~
1I
LIquid gallons
@!ST.
For SI: I cubic foot = 0.02E32 m3. I pound = 0.454 kg. I gallon = 3.7YS L. a. For usc of co~itrol:Ireas, see Section 2703.8.3. h. In retail and wholesale sales occupancies, the quantitics of med~cincs.foodstuff's consi~mel-or indust~ialproducts, and cosmetic?. containing not more than 50 percenl by volume of tv:lter-miscihlt. liqmds :md wrth the remainder or the solutions not being flammable. shztll not he limilsd, provided that such materials are packaged in individual con1ainel.s not exceecling 1.3 gallons. h 2703.1 1. see Table 2703.1 I . I c. For storage and display quantities in Group M and storage quantitizs In Group S occupancies coiilplying a ~ t Seclion d. The aEgregare qi~antityin use aud storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. c. hl.~:~ximun~nllo\v;~blequaotities ?hall be increased 100percent ill buildings equipped throngbout wilh an apploved automatic sprinkler systc111in accr~rdz~nclr with Section 903.3.1.1. Whcre NOWf also applies, the incren~efor both notes shall be applied accon~ulativcl~. f. Maximum allowable quanritics shall be increased I00percent when stored in approved storage cabinets. gas cabinets. or exhaustedenclosures. Where h'otee alsoapplies. the increase for both notes shall bc applied accunlulativrly. g. A ci~lglecylinder containing 150 pouilds or lesh of anhydrou.: nmnic~niain a single control area in a nonsprinklered building shall he considered amaximuni allou~shlequantity. Two cylinders, each containing 150 i u r n quantity provideci the building is cquipped throughout with anautomatic sprinkler system in accorclance with Scclion 903.3.1.1. pounds or Ichs in a single controlareashall be considered a n ~ ~ ~ i i ~allon~ahle h. Alloued ouly when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. i. Quantities in parenthesis indicate quantity units in parenthesis at the head of each column. j. Fur gallons of liquids, divide the amount III pounds by 10 in accortlance with Seclion 2703.1.1.
N
8 o) -z
TABLE 2703.1 .I (3) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS NlATERlALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREAasbsC -~ ~-~
;
w
m
.---
Solid pounds. ...
gallons (pounds) -
_
CLASS ---
' MATERIAL _-
Gaseous Liqudied -~--. . 1 Not /Flarnm:~blerolid Applicable
~
-
~
~
i
Organic pcroxide .
Unclassified I Deton:+ble-4! . . - - - . - - . . .
I
i
II
i
111 IV --
~
v-
20 200
-
'I
Oxidizing gas
.
I
Pyrophoric materials
I
1 Unstable (reactive) .. . .
Water reactivc
4 3 2 1
1
j ..
i I
.7
Not Applicable
i
I
j
(11
/
0.25
Not App]icrblc
lo 100 250 500
!
j
(40)" (1000
Not Applicable
1 1
25 0
;
8 2
3
4~0imited..
.
) 6,000 '4 No1 Applicable 60 j Not Applicable
1
i.
(8)"
-..--
/
1
-.-.-. ~
100
20 200
I
1
,i -
(1001~ (250)" (500)-
~
~
Gas cubic feet at NTP
'
Solid pounds
1,500
:
Not
t'o)L'
i 500 Not Lilnited . . . . + . . . . . . . c
:
Applicable
K t
t
1-
1
3
i
I
(500)" Not Limited
1 1 C
Applicable -.--k----. ;
\ (
1I
1
2
30 14y'
Not AAppljcable
!
I
Not i\pplicablc
~
~
(0.25)"
i
(2)"
1 i
(50,"
)
50 100 No1 Limited
I
Not Limited
1
0.7-5
1
(0.25)d
i
i;
3.000 I
1
Applicable
20
I
I
(30)~~
4 I00 j (100)" Not Limited -1- Not Limited Not Not
'
Applicable
0
10
:
-. .
. . . . . . . . l l ~ . l . . -
~
Not Applicable
1
I
Not Applicable
50 0.25
Liquid gallons (pounds'
~--*
-.---
I-
Not Appliciblc
1i
i
Not Applic.ble >!
L_NSL~~~~CJ
,
I
I
(I0y
1
i
I
~
(0.25j1I
-.
.j-~~i\pp!k:b!:.. i Ap@ic:!?!e.~-l 1
-~ -.--.
~
~
USE-OPEN SYSTEMS~
I
i
NO^ Applicable
i
+
I
Not Applicable
15 _ Not 7 i p-Applicable . _
C
- .
E_Llm2cdA~%?~Cl1711te!..-i~ ~
1
Not Al~plicablc.
1 (1,000)\ .~*~imi15d L.-~o!~in~jt?d 2 II (2)d 1
+
No( Applicable
!
/
1
(20)''
,
Liquid gallons (pounds) -.- -
A
i
~ 2 0 0 ~ 1~
!
Not Applicabls
1,000
40 1,000
Gaseous Liquefied
Solid pounds -
Not Applicable
('oo)"
1
I
Oxidizer
'
'
Not Applicable i 3,000 , ! Not Applicable : 30 +-
Nut Applicable.-
'
Gas cubic feet at NTP
. -i~~
~
~
USE-CLOSED SYSTEMSb
Liquid
z D =!
~-
~
STORAGE^ -..
! ApplicableJ 1
i
0
.
2
10
1
I
Ed
7
2.
1
31 0
3
.. 7
1
20
Not Aliplicable
i ..
--
10 100 Not Limited
i,
100)" No1 Limited (
1
Not Applicable
i
1
I 10
F ~SI:I I poulld = 0.454 kg. 1 sullorl = 3.785 L. I cubic f o ~=t 0.02832 n~'. a. For yallons of liquid?.divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1 2. b. The aggregue quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for ?torage. c. The aggrrpateqoonrity ol'nontl~~r~~llablr \olidnnil nonflalnlr~bleornonco~nh~stiblr liqnid hamrdoos materials allin\ cd in outdoor storage per.;ingle property under thc ? a n t o\q'~lrr~hrp ur ~nnlrolused for rel;~ilor \r.holesalt. sales is allo~vedto exceed the ~nnxi~nuin allo\vable quantity per control area wlleo soch storage is in accordance wilh Section 2703.1 1. d. Quantities in pasentlleses ~ndicatcquantlty unirr i n p;~renrheresat the hexi of each coltumn.
0 C U)
E
D
4 a
?=cn I
R
$ n D r
+J
n
8v, P
U)
TABLE 2703.1.1(4) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A HEALTH HAZARD IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREAazbrC
-
~
STORAGE ~
MATERIAL
Corrosives
Solid pounds 20.000
USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS
----
~
~
Liquid gallons ! Gas (pounds) cubic feet at NTP -4 --....--.--.-...-...--.--.--i---..----..-...-... ;
.
2,000
Solid pounds
I .620g
+..
1,000
i
(l,OOOpi
'
1:620
~-
~
4
~
Liquid gallons (pounds)
. . . IO,000 . . - + _ . - -i L - _ L l
10
40L1
I Toxics
USE-OPEN SYSTEMS
~
SO0
1
;
Gas cubic feet at NTP
Solid pounds ~~
000
810:'
(10)'
20i
I 50' L810 -
I
~
1,000
25
~.
_ . . _ . . . . _ . _ . . i
3 !
7 1
Liquid gallons (pounds)
I
-:
~
I1
(2j)c.f
I
For ST: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 I I Y . 1 p o ~ ~ n=d0.454 kg. 1 gallon = 3.785 L.. 1 pound p~.rsquare inch :thsolutc = 6.895 kPn."C = [i"F)-3211.8]. a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by I0 in accorck~ncewith Section 2703.1.2. h. The aggregate quantities in slorage and use ?hull not exceed the quantity listed for storage. c. The aggregats quantity of nonflammable solidand nonflan~n,ableor noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowedir~o~itdoorstorage per single pl-opelty under the sanrc ownership or control uscdforretail or \vhole.;ale sales IS :illowed lo exceed the maximum allowable i1o;lntity per control area when snch s t o l ~ ~ is g ein accordance with Section 2703.1 I. d. Allowed only wheii used 111 approved exhausted €;I$ cabinets, txhuustccl enclosures rir under f u ~ n eIloods. e. The maximum allowable quantity pel- control area for toxic liquids with vapo~.pressuresin excess of 1 p ~ i aat 77°F shall be the maximum a~llowablzquantity per conlrol arco listed fbr highly t v ~ i cliquids. 1'. Quantities i n parzntheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column. y . Two cylinders. each cylinder containing I50 poun~lsor less of anhytlrous amnwnia, shall be considered a ~ n a x l i i ~ allowable ~l~n quantity in an c~utdoorcontrol urea.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
2703.2 Systenas, equipirlenal and processes. Systerns, cquip~ n e nand t pIocesscs ~ ~ t i l i z for c d storage, dispensing, usc or handling of ha~ardousmaterials shall be in accordance with Secttons 3703.2.1 through 2703.2.8. 2703.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylindcrs and tanks. Containersl cylinders and tanks shall be ticsigned and constructed in accordance with approved stand:rrds. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous ~liaterialsshall be of an approved type. 2703.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valvcs and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be dcsigned and installed in accordancc with approved standards and shall be in accoi-dance with Sections 2703.2.2.1 and 2703.2.2.2. 2703.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing. v~~lvcs, fittings and related components used for hazardous lnatcrials shall be in accordance with the following: 1. Piping, tubing, valvcs, fittings and related components shall bc designcd and fabricatcd fr-urn rnatcrials that are compatible with the material to be coiitai~~ed and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and scis~nicstress and exposure to which they arc subject.
2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASMF, A1 3.1 to Indicate thc material conveycd. 3. Readily acccssiblc manual valves or automatic rcrnotely activated [all-safe enlcrgcncy shutoff valvcs shall be installed on supply piping and tubing at Lhe following locat~ons: 3.1. Thc point of use. 3.2. The tank, cylinder or bulk sourcc. 4. Manual emergency shutoff \alveb and controls for I ernotcly activated emergency shutoff valves shall bc identified and the locatioll shall be clearly visible. accessible and indicated by means of a sign.
5. Backflom prevcntion or cl~eckvalves shall be provided when the backflow of hazardous materials us or cause the could create a h < u ~ ~ r d ocondition unauttlorizcd discharge of hazardous materials. 6. Wherc gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of: Hcalth hazard Class 3 or 4 Fl:~mmah~lity Class 4 Reactivity Clays 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurizcd piping above 15 pounds per square inch gaoge (psig) ( 1 03 I<Pa), an approved means of Iealc dctcction and emergency shutoff or excess llow control shall be provided. Where the piping originarcs fi-0111 within a hazardous ~natcrialsroragc room or area, the cxccss flow control shall bc located within thc storagc roorn or area. Where the
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
piping originates from a bulk sourcc, thc excess flow control shall be located as closc to the bulk sourcc as practical.
Exceptions: 1. Piping for inlet con~rcctionsdcrigned to prcvent backflow. 2. Piping for pressure relief devices.
2703.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health-hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordalice with NFPA704 shall be in accordance with ASME B3 I .3 and the following: 1. Piping and tubing utilized for the translnissioll of highly toxic, toxic 01-highly volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have wcldcd, thrc;rded or flanged connections throughout cxccpt for connectio~rslocated within a ventilated enclos~lrcif the material is a gas, or an approved n~cthodof drainage or containment is provided for conncctions if the material is a liquid. 2. Piping ant1tubing shall not bc located within corridors, withill any portion of a tneans of cgi-css requircd to be encloscd in fire-resistance-rated constructio~~ or in conccaled spaces in arcas not classified as Group H occupancies.
Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and thc floor or roof above or in conccalcd spaces abovc other occupancies whcn installed in accordance with B~liltlit~ Section 4 15.8.6.3 of the Ir~te~~crtiotzul Code for Group H-5 occupancies. 2703.2.3 Equipment, rnachiiiery and alarms. Equipment. machinery and required dctection and alarm systems associated with the use. storage or handling of hazat-dous n~aterials shall he listcd or approved. 2703.2.4 Installation of tanks. Installation of tanks shall be in accordatlce with Scctions 2703.2.4.1 through 7,703 2.4.2.1. 2703.2.4.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks used for the storage of liquid hazardous materials shall bc provided with secondary containment. I n lieu of providing secondary containment for an underground tank, an above-ground tank in an underground vault complying with Section 3404.2.8 shall he permitted. 2703.2.4.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground stat i o n a l ~tanks used for the storagc of hazardous n~atcri:~ls shall be located and protected in accordance with thc rcquirements for outcloor storagc of thc pnrticulal. nlatcrial involved. Exception: Above-ground tanks that arc installed in vaults complying with Section 3003.16 or 340-12.2.8 1 shall not bc rcqui~.etlto comply with location and protection recluirenlents for outdoor storagc.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
PROVlSlONS
2703.2.4.2.1 Marking. Abovc-ground stationary tanks shal I bc marked as required by Section 2703.5. 2703.2.5 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and tanks previously uscd for the storage of hazardous niatcrials shall be fice from residual material a i d vapor as dcfined by DOTn, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (KCRA) or other regulating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of hazardous ~naterial. 2703.2.6 Maintenance. In addition to the requirements of Scction 2703.2.3. equipment, machinery and r e q ~ ~ i r e d detection and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall bc maintained in an operable condition. Defective containers. cylinders and tanks shall be renioved from service, repaired or disposed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or machinery shall be removed from scrvicc and repaired or replaced. Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced or repaired whcre dcfcctivc. 2703.2.6.1 Tanks out of service for 90 days. Stationary tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or remo\red in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill line, gauge opening and pump connection secured against tampering. Vent lines shall be properly maintained. 2703.2.6.1.1 Return to service. Tanks that are to bc placed back in service shall bc tested in an approved manncr. 2703.2.6.2 Defective containers and tanks. Defective containers and tanks shall bc removed from service. rcpaired in accordance with approved standards or disposed of in an approved manner. 2703.2.7 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks having a capacity greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) and which contain hazardous material liquids shall be c q ~ ~ i p y c d with a liquid-level limit control or other approved means to prevent overfilling of the tank. 2703.2.8 Seismic protection. Machincry and equipment utilizing hazardous materials shall be braced and anchored in accordancc with the seismic design rcquircments of the hztenlutiorial B~iiltlirzgCode for the seismic dcsign category in which thc machincry or cquipmcnt is classified. 2703.2.9"Testing. The equipment, devices and systems listed in Section 2703.2.9.1 shall be tested at one of the intervals lisled in Section 2703.2.9.2. Written rccords of the tests conducted or maintenance performed shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Section 107.2.1. Exceptions: 1. Testing shall not be required whereapproved written documentation is provided stating that testing will danlagc the equipment, device or systcni and the cquip~ncnt,device or system is maintained as specified by the manufacturer.
2. Testing shall not be required for equipmcnt, dcviccs and systems that fail in a fail-safe manrler.
248
3. Testing shall not be required for ecluipment, dcviccs and systems that sclf-diagnosc ;iiid I-cport trouble. Records of the sclf-diagnosis and troubic reporting shall bc n u d e available to the authority having jurisdiction. 4. Testing shall not bc required if systcln activation occurs during the required test cyclc for thc components activated during the test cycle.
5. Approved maintenance in accordancc with Scction 2703.2.6 that is perforlncd not less than annually or in accordancc with an approved schcdulc shall be allowed to meet the testing requirements sct forth in Sections 2703.2.9.1 and 2703.2.9.2.
2703.2.9.1 Equipment, devices and systems requiring testing. The following equipment, systeins and dcvicc~ shall be tested in accordancc with Sections 2703.2.9 and 2703.2.9.2. 1. Gas detection systems, alarins and automatic emergency shutoR valves required by Scction 3704.2.2.10 for highly toxic and toxic gases. 2. Linlit control systems for liquid level, temperature and pressure required by Sections 2703.2.7, 2704.8 and 2705.1.4. 3. Emergency alarrn systems and supervision required by Sections 2704.9 and 2705.4.4. 4. Monitoring and supervisory systc~nsrcquired by Sections 2704.10 and 2705.1.6. 5. Manually activated shutdown controls rcquired by Section 41 03.1.1.1 for compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases.
2703.2.9.2 Testing frequency. The eq~ripment.systems and deviccs listed in Section 2703.2.9. I shall hc tcstcd at one of the frequencies listed below: 1. Not les:, than annually:
2. In accordancc with the approved manufacturers' requirements; 3. In accordance with approved recognized industry standards: or 4. dn accordance with an approved schedule.
2703.3 Release of hazardous materials. Hazardous matcrials in any quantity shall not be released into a sewer, storm drain, ditch. drainage canal, creek, strcani, river. lake or tidal waterway or on the ground, sidewalk, strect. highway or into the atmosphere. Exceptions: 1. The release or emission of hazardous materials is allowcd when in conq~linncewith federal, state, or local governmental agencies, regulations or pcrniits. 2. The release of pesticide5 is allowcd when uscd in accordance with registered lahe1 dircctio~ls.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
3. The release of fertilizer and soil amendments IS allowed when uscd In accortlauicc with manufacturer's specifications. 2703.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. When hazardous materials are released in iluantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations. thc firc codc official shall bc notificd and thc following procedures required in accordance with Sections 2703.3.1.1 through 2703.3.1.4. 2703.3.1.1 Records. Accurate rccords shall be kept of the unauthorized discharge of ha7ardous materials by the pcrmlttcc. 2703.3.1.2 Preparation. Provisions shall bc made for controlling and mitigating unauthori~cddischarges. 2703.3.1.3 Control. Whcn an unauthori~eddischarge causcd by primary container failure is discovered, the involved primary container shall be repaired or removed from service. 2703.3.1.4 Responsibility for cleanup. The person. i i r ~ nor corporation responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall irlstitutc and complcte all actions necessary to rcmcdy the cffects of such unauthorized discharge, whether suddcn or gradual. at no cost to the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by the fire code official, cleaunup may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized individual or firn~. Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne by the owner. operator or other person responsiblc for thc unauthoriacd discharge. 2703.4 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be readily availablc on the premiscs for hazardous matcrials regulated by this chaptcr. When a hazardous substance is developed in a laboratory, available inforn121tion shall be documcntcd. Exception: Designated hazardous wastc. 2703.5 Hazard identification signs. Unless otherwise exempted by the firc code official, visiblc hazard idcntiiication signs as specified in NFPA 704 for the specific matcrial contained shall be placed on stationary containcrs and above-ground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazartlous materials are stored, dispensed. uscd or handled in quantities requiring a permit and at specific entrances and locations designated by thc fire code official. 2703.5.1 Markings. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall bc conspic~~ouslymarked or labeled in an approvcd marilicr. Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gascs shall be conspicuously labelcd: COMPRESSED GAS. 2703.6 Signs. Signs and markings required by Sections 2703.5 and 2703.5.1 shall not bc obscured or removed. shall be in English as a pri~naryla~lgungeor in syn~bolsallowed by this code, shall bc durablc, and the size, color and lettering shall be approvcd. 2703.7 Sources of ignition. Sourccs of ignition shall comply with Sections 2703.7.1 through 2703.7.3.
2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
PROVISIONS
2703.7.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibitccl and "No Smoking" signs provided as follows: 1. In rooms or areas wherc hazardous materials arc storcd or dispensed 01 u\ed in opcn systems In amounts requiring :I pcrmit in accordancc with Sect ~ o n2701.5. 2. Within 25 feet (7620 mm) of outdoor ctorage. dispcnsing or open use arcas. 3. Facilities or areas within filcilitics that have bcen designated as totally "no smoking" shall have "No Smoking" signs placctl at all entrances to the facility or area. Designated areas within such facilities whcre smoking is per~i~ittcd cither pernlanently or ternporarily, shall be identified with signs designating that smoking is pcrmitted in these arcas only. 4. 111 rooms or areas where tlammablc or co~nbustiblc hazardous materials arc stored, dispcnced or uwd. Signs required by this section shall bc in Enalish as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code and shall comply w ~ t hSection 3 10.
2703.7.2 Open flames. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not bc used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition and shall bc listedfor use with the hazardous materials storcd or used. 2703.7.3 Industrial trucks. Powercd industrial trucks used in areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations in accordance with the ICC Eleczricul Codr shall be listed and labeled for use in the environment intendcd in accorda~lce with NFPA 505. 2703.8 Construction rerjuirements. Buildings, control areas, enclosures and cabinets for hazardous matcrials shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 2703.8. I through 2703.8.6.2. 2703.8.1 Buildings. Buildings, or portions thercof, in which hazardous materials are stored, handled or uscd shall Ruiidbe constructed in aecordance with the I~ztcnln~iortul ing Code. 2703.8.2 Required detached buildings. Croup H occupnncies containing quantities of hazardous matcrials in cxccss of those set forth in Table 2703.8.2 shall bc in detached bnildings. 2703.8.3 Control areas. Control arcas shalf comply with Sections 2703.8.3.1 through 2703.8.3.5. 2703.8.3.1 Construction requirements. Control arcas shall bc separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Scction 706 of the O~ter-r~c~tiorictl R u i l d i r ~ gCotlc. o r horizontal a s s e ~ ~ ~ b l i c s constructed in accordancc with Section 7 1 I of thc 111ter.1zcltioi7ul Buildi~igChde, or both. 2703.8.3.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities. The percentage of maximum allowable cluantities of hazardous materials per control area allowcd at each floor level within a building shall bc in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
PROVlSlONS
TABLE 2703.8.2 REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE ~
~
~
.-~
~
-.-
PsTqEG WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS r .E _IS. REQUlRED . . .. . - - - ..- . THAT .- LISTEDYE*H3... - .Material .~
.
-
~~
i
~
f_
~
I I
i I
Explosives
1 I
I
1-.
.
Class
.
~
Division I. 1 Division I .2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.4' Division 1.5
.
.
I;
Oxidizer, liquids and solids . ..
'
.-
.
. ...
-- -
. .
...
-
;
Organic peroxides
I ~
~
~~
. . . -~ ~ .. .
~
... .~~ ~ ~ ~ . . . ~
1
Unstable (reactives) nondetonrble ~~
-~ ..--~.
-~~- -~
. .~
.-
/ i /
.
-
~
I
Water reactives
1
-
.
.
-
.
M a x i r n ~ ~ rAllowable rl Quantity Maxirnum Allowable Quantity M a x i ~ n u mAllowable Quantity M a x i m u m Allowable Quantity
1
~
;--I
Gases
1
.
.
//
/
I~ubicfeet!?~
.
.
-
Not Applicable
Ii
Maxirnuln Allowable Quantity
1
@ x ~ n ~ u n i i \ l l o w ~ h jQe ~ t l ~ y M a y m u ~ nAllowable Q u a n t ~ t y i Maximurn Allowable Quantity i M a.. x .~ i m u m Allowable Quantity . - .. . .. . .-
i-. i...~ i
-~
~-
1
/ i
I
~
~
~
~~
~
~
~
I
i
I
Not Applicable
Maxirnum Allowable Quanlity Maxi~nurrlAllowable Quantity 25
.+
-~
~-
1
I
I
Deto~iable Clasa I Class 11 Class I11 .-.. ~
.
1
~ ~ . .- . ~ ~
-
1
Class 3 Class ....~_- 2.
Class 3 Class 2 .-
.
Solids and liquids .(tons)", .
~
1.. ..~Y~xirnurnAllo~~?Ee..Q~~-".ti~~~~~ - 1 -
-
.
1I i
..Pi!is.i~S
1i - _ Class 4 Class 3 o r 4 1 . ~ n > t a b l(e~ r ~ c ~ ~ v e ! ! ~ r t o ~ ~ ~C h~r . -
1 j I
.. --
-~~-
~~
50.
I
N o t Applicable --
~
.
.
--
~ ~ a3 s s Class 2 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1
Not Applicable
1
2,000
--
907.2 kg. For SI: I pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic h o t = 0.01832m3, 1 ton = 2000 lhs. : a. For nlatcrials which are dclonable, the distance to otl~~rhuildings or lot lines shall he as specified in the I~zterrzrttin~r~~l building Code. Fix materials classified as cxplosives. thc required separation distances shall he as specilird in Chapter 33. b. "Maximum Allo\vable Quantity" mealis the maxin-~u~n alloxvahle ql~antityper control area set forth inTable 2703.1.1(1). c. Limited to Ilivision 1.4 Inaterials and a~.ticlcs,including articles packaged for shipmenl, that are not regulated as an explosive undzr Bilrcau oi'Alcoho1; 'Tobacco and Fireturns regulations, or unpacltagctd articlrs used In process operations that do not propagate a deton:~tion01.deflagration hclwccn articles, providing Ll~enel explosive weight ol individual ;uliclcs does not exceed 1 pound.
TABLE 2703.8.3.2 DESIGN AND NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR - FIRE BARRIERS IN H O U R S ~
Below grade plane
1
2
/
Lower tlian 2
i
I
1
75 50 Not Allowed
i
i
I
3 2 Not Allowed
!
i
I
I
1 ! N o t Allowed . . L
a. Purcentagcs shall he of the maximum allowable quantity per coriLrol area shown in Tables2703. I . I t 1 ) and 2703.1. I(?), with a11 increases allowed in tlie footnotes to those tables. h. F ~ r ebarricrb shall itlcludc walls and Floors as llccessary to provide szparali~>ilkoln other portions oT the huildi~lg.
2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE"
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
2703.8.3.3 Nurnbcr. The inaxi~iiumnumbcl. of control arcas per floor within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.
$hall also con~plywith ltc~ns 1, 2 ar~d3 of Scction 3704.1.2. The ventilation system ,hall bc installed in Mechan~c.ulCode. accordance with the lizrer.rzntio?~al
2703.8.3.4 Fire-resistance rating requiren~ents.The required fire-resistance rat~ngfor fire barriers shall be in accordancc wlth Table 1,703.8.3.2. The floor construct ~ o not thc control arca and the construction supporting the tloor of the control area shall have aininini~un?-hour tire-resistance rating.
2703.8.5.3 Fire-extinguishing systcm. Exhaustcd enclosures where flam~nablematerials arc uscd shall be protected by a11 npprovcd autom,~tictirc-extinguishi~~g system in accordancc with Chapter 9.
Exceution: The floor constr-uctior~of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of thc contl-ol area is allowed to be I-hour firc-resistance ratcd in buildings of Type 11A. ITM and VA construction; provided that both of the following conditions cxist: 1. Thc building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1; arid
2. The building is thrce stories or less in hcight. 2703.8.3.5 Hazardous material in Group R/I display and storage areas and in Group S storage areas. The aggregatc quantity of nonflammable solid and nonilanmable or noncombustible liquid hazardous mate~ials allowcd within a single controlil.eaof a ~ r o display u ~ ~ and storagc arca or a Group S storage area is allowed to cxceed the maximum allowable quantities pcr control arca specified in Tahlcs 2703.1 . I ( 1 ) and 2703.1.1(2) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the ~naterialsare displayed and stored in accordance with Section 2703.1 1.
2703.8.4 Gas rooms. Where a gas room is providcd to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, thc gas room shall bc i n accordancc with Sections 2703.8.4. I and 2703.8.4.2. 2703.8.4.1 Construction. Gas rooms shall bc protected with an automatic sprinkler system. Gas roorns shall bc separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with the rcquircmcnts of the h~ferrzntiontrlBuildirrg Codphased on thc occupancy group into which it has hccn classiticd. 2703.8.4.2 Ventilation system. The vcntilation system for gas looms shall bc designed to operate at a negative pressurc in rclation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Section 3704.2.2.6. The ventilation system shall be installcd in accol-dance with thc Irrrerrzuriollnl Mechuizictrl Code. 270.3.8.5 Exhausted enclosures. Wherc an exhausted cnclosure is used to increase ~naximumallowable quantity per control area or when thc location of hazardous materials in exhausted enclosures is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the exhausted e~ielosurcshall be in accordancc with Sections 2703.8.5.1 through 2703.8.5.3. 2703.8.5.1 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall bc of noncombustible construction. 2703.8.5.2 Ventilation. Thc ventilation system for exhaustccl c~lclosuresshall be dcsigncd to opcrate at a ncgativc pressure in relation to the surrounding arca. Ventilation systclns used for highly toxic and toxic gases 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2703.8.6 Gas cabinets. Where a gas cabinct is used to increase the mix~imumallowablc quantity pel. control arca or when the location of compressed gases in gas cabinets is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.6.1 through 2703.8.6.3. 2703.8.6.1 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with thc following: 1. Constructed of ilot lcss than 0.097-inch (2.5trim)
(No. 12 gage) stcel. 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible windows to give acccss to equipment controls. 3. Be provided with self-closing doors.
4. Gas cabinet interiors shall be trcated, coatcd or constructed of materials that arc compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Such trcatment. coating or constntction shall include thc entire intcrior of thc cabinet.
2703.8.6.2 Ventilation. The vcntilation system for gas zabinets shall be designed to opcrate at a ncgativc prcssure in relation to the surrounding arca. Ventilation systems uscd for highly toxic and toxic gascs shall also conlply with Items 1. 2 and 3 of Section 3704. 1.2. Thc ventilation system shall be installed in accordancc with the hzterrlafionul Mccharliccil Code. 2703.8.6.3 Maximam number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders conlaincd in a singlc gas cabinet shall not cxcecd threc. 2703.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Whcre stor:rge cabinets arc used to increase maximuin allowdble quantity per control area or to cornply with t h ~ schapter. such cabincts shall bc in accordnnce with Sections 2703.8.7.1 and 2703.8.7.2. 2703.8.7.1 Construction. The intcrior of cabinets shall be treatcd, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous matcrial stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entirc interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall eithcr be listed in accordance with UL 1275 as suitable for the intcndcd storagcor constructedin accordance with the following: 1. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not
less than 0.0478 inch ( I .2 mm) (No. 18 gage). The cabinet. including the door. shall be double walled with a 1.5-inch (38 mmj airspacc betweell thc walls. Joints sllall be rivctcd or welded and shall bc tight fitting. Doors shall bc well fitted, sclf-closing and equipped with a self-latching dcvicc.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS--GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. The bottoms of cabincts utilized for thc storagc of liquids shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm). Electrical cquipinent and deviccs within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordancc with the ICC Electrical Code.
2703.8.7.2 Warning markings. Cabinets shall be clearly identified in an approvcd marrner with red letters on a contrasting bacliground to read: HALARDOIJS - KEEP FlRE AWRY.
2703.9 General safety precautions. General precautions for the safc storagc, handling or care of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.9.1 through 2703.9.9. 2703.9.1 Personnel training and written procedures. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous matcrials arc storcd, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chcmical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill. 2703.9.1.1 Fire department liaison. Responsible pcrsons shall be designated and traincd to be liaison personncl to the illre department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identifying thc locations where hazardous materials arc located, and shall have access to Material Safety Data Shccts and be knowledgeable in the site's crnergency response procedures. 2703.9.2 Security. Storage, dispensing. use and handling arcas shall be sccured against unauthorized entry and safcguarded in a manner approved by the fire code official. 2703.9.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and connected piping, valves and fittings: dispensing areas; and use areas sub:jcct to vehicular darnage in accordance with Section 3 12. 2703.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wirins and equipment shall bc installed and maintained In accortlance with the ICC Electric~~l Code. 2703.9.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions exist whcre a flammable mixture could be ignited by static clcctricity. means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a static charge. 2703.9.6 Protection from light. Materials that are sensitive to light shall be stored in containcrs designed to protect them from such exposure. 2703.9.7 Shock padding. Materials that are shock sensitive shall bc paddcd, suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity. 2703.9.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompatible materials in storage and storage of materials that arc incompatible with matcrials in use shall be separated when thc storcd materials are in containcrs havi~rga capacity of
252
more than 5 pounds (2 kg) or 0.5 gallon (2 L,j. Separation shall be acconlplished by:
1. Segregating i~lcompatiblematerials in storagc by a distance of not less than 20 fcet (6096 mmn). 2. lsolating incompatible materials in storage by a nonco~nbustiblepnrtition cxtcnding not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sidcs of the storcd material. 3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storagc cabinets. 4. Storing comprcused gases in gas cabincts o r exhausted enclosures in accordance with Scctions 2703.8.5 and 2703.8.6. Materials that arc incompatible shall not be stored with~nthe same cabinet or exhausted enclosurc.
2703.9.9 Sllelf storage. Shelving shall bc of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design rerluircrnents of thc 1rlte1-/ILLiinrzal B~lildilzg Code for the seismic zone in which the material is located. Shelving shall be trcated, coatcd or constmctcd of materials that arc cornpatiblc with the hazardous materials stored. Shclvcs shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the storage of individual containers. Exceptions: 1. Storage in hazardous material storagc cabincts or laboratory furniture speciiically dcsigned for such use.
2. Storagc of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Scction 2701.5. Shelf storage of hazardous matcrials shall be maintained in an orderly manncr.
2703.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the rcquircruents of Section 2703.2, the hanclling and tl-ansportation of hazardous materials in col~idorsor exit enclosures shall b c in accordance with S c c t i o n s 2703.10.1 through 2703.10.3.6. 2703.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protcctive caps in placc. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic con~pressedgases shall have their valvc outlets cappcd or plugged with an approvcd closurc dcvicc in accordance with Chapter 30. 2703.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in contaillers excceding 5 gallons (19 L) in a corridor or exit cnclosurc shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transpol-tcd within corridors or exit enclosures, shall bc on a cart or truck. Whcre carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 2703.10.3. Exceptions: 1 . Two hazardous material liquid containcrs, which arc hand carricd in acccptablc safety carriers.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. Not morc than four drums not excecding 55 gallons (208 L) each. which arc transported by suitable drum trucks.
3. Containers and cylinders of conipressed gases, which arc transported by approvcd hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (1 l kg), which are hand call-ied. 4. Solid hazardous rnaterials not exceeding 100 pounds ( 4 5 kg). which arc transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not excecding 50 pounds (23 kg), which is hand carriecl.
2703.11.2 Maxi~~ium allowable quantity per outdoor control area in Group M or S occupancies. The apgrcgatc aniounr of nontlanimable solid and nonflamnlable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials storcd and displayed within a single outdoor control ai-ea of a Group M occupancy shall not exceed the amounts sct forth in Table 3703.1 1.1. 2703.11.3 Storage and display. Storage and display shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.1 1.3.1 through 2703.1 1.3.10.
2703.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks r c q ~ ~ i r eby d Scct~on2703.10.2 to be used Lo transport hazardous materlals shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.10.:. 1 through 2703.10.3.6.
2703.11.3.1 Density. Storagc and display of solids shall not cxceed 200 pounds per square foot (976 I
2703.10.3.1 Design. Carts and tr~ickqused to transport hazardous materials shall be deslgned to providc a stable base for the comnlodities to he transported and shall have a mcans of restraining containers to prevent accidental dislodgcrner~t.Compressed gas cylinders placed on carts and tt ucks shall be individually restrained.
2703.11.3.2 Storage anddisplay height. Display hcigllt shall not excccd 6 fect (1829 mm) above thc finished floor in display areas of Group M occupancics. Storagc height shall not exceed 8 fcct (2438 mm) above the finished floor in storage areas of Group M and Group S occupancies.
2703.10.3.2 Speed-control devices. Carts and trucks shall be provided with a device that will enable the operator to control safely moverncnt by providing tops or speed-reduction devices.
2703.11.3.3 Container location. Individual containers lcss than 5 gallons ( 19 L) or lcss than 25 pounds (1 I kg) shall be stored or displayed on pallets, racks or shelves.
2703.10.3.3 Construction. Construction materials for hazardous material carts or trucks shall be coinpatible with the material transported. Thc cart or truck shall be of substantial corlstr-uction. 2703.10.3.4 Spill control. Carts and trucks transporting liquids shall be capahlc of containing a spill from the largest single container transportcd. 2703.10.3.5 Attendance. Carts and trucks uszd to transport materials shall not obstruct or be left ~~nattcnded M ithin any part of a means of egress. 2703.10.3.6 Incompatible materials. Incompatible materials shall not be transpor-ted on the same cart or truck. 2703.1 1 Group M storage and display and Group S storage. The aggregate quantity of nonflarnrnable solid and nonflammable or noncornbustiblc liquid hazardous materials storcd and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy. or an outdoor control area, or storcd in a singlc control area of a Group S occupancy. is allowed LO exceed the mi~ximum allowahlc quantity per control area indicated in Section 11703.1 when in accorclancc with Sectioris 2703.11.1 through 2703.1 1.3.10. 2703.11.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies. The aggregate amount of no~lflarnmable solid and nonflar~mable or ~~oncombustihle licluid hazardous inaterials storcd and displayed within a single control area of a Group M occupancy or storcd in a singlc control arc;\ of a Group S occupancy shall not cxceed thc a~uountsset forth in Table 2703.1 1.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2703.11.3.4 Racks and shelves. Raclts and shclves used f o storage ~ or display shall he in accordance with Section 2703.9.9. 2703.11.3.5 Cuntaiiler type. Contuners shall bc: approvcd for the intended use and identified as to their content. 2703.1 1.3.6 Container size. Individual containers shall not exceed 100 pounds (45 kg) for solids 01. 10 gallons (38 L) for liquids in storagc and display areas. 2703.11.3.7 Incompatible materials. Incompariblc materials shall be separated in accordance with Section 2703.9.8. 2703.11.3.8 Floors. Floors shall bc in accordance with Section 2701.12. 2703.11.3.9 Aisles. Aisles 4 fcct (1219 mm) ill width shall bc rnaintaincd on three sides of the storage or display area. 2703.11.3.10 Signs. Hazard identification signs shall be provided in accordancc with Scction 2703.5. 2703.12 Outdour control areas. Outdoor control arcas for hazardous materials in amounts not exceeding thc maximum alluwable quantity per outdoor control arca shall hc in accordance with the following: 1. Outdoor control arca shall be kept free from weeds, tlehris and common combustible nlntcrials not ncccssary to the storage. The arca surrounding an outdoor control arc;l sliall be ltept clear of such materials for a mini~iium of 15 feet (4572 mnl).
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. Outtlool-control areas shall be located not closer than 20
SECTION 2764 STORAGE
fect (6096 nun) from a lot line that can be built upon, public strcct, public allcy or public way. A 2-hour firc-rcsistancc-rntcd wall without openings extending not less than 30 inches (761 mm) abovc and to the side5 of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distancc.
2704.1 Scope. Storagc of hazardous rnatcrials in amounts exceeding thc maximum allowable cl~~antily per control area as set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be in accorkince with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704. Storage of hazardous materials in a111ounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area as set forth in Section 2703.1 shall be i n accordance with Sections 2701 and 2703. Rctail and wholcsalc storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable and nonconlbustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and Group S storage shall bc in accordance with Scction 2703.1 1.
3. Where a property exceeds 10,000 square feet (929 m2),a group of two outdoor control areas is allowed when approved and when each control area is scparated by a minimum distance of 5 0 feet (15 240 mrn). 3. Whcre a property exceeds 35.000 squarc feet (3252 m2). additional groups of o ~ ~ t d o control or arcas are allowed when approved and when each g ~ o u pis scparated by a minimurn dislancc of 300 fcet (91 340 171ni).
.....
TABLE 2703.11.1 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER INDOOR AND OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA IN GROUP M AND d,'.i ..... S OCCUPANCIES NONFLAMMABLE SOLIDS, NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS .. ... ..... .
.
.
i
I
\ I 1 .. Corrosivesh-' . . . . . . . . .
.....
..
Class
--
. -
.
- .
....
1 ?. toxic^".^ - - ............
I
--
- -
1
-
II -
Not Applicable -
.......
- -
N o_ t
Applicable . .
Not
Applicable .
.........
I-.. .
.
_
--- .-
I 1. Oxidizcrsh."
r-
.
.
.
Ii
~
LI
Liquids gallons
--~-!
~~
.
.........................
. II
.
-
. .
4
.
.
.
. .
.
-
.!~---_
.
.
. . . . .
I
-;
I
j 2. Unstable (Reactives)".'
-
. .
1
: I
.~ - ..
I
.-.! j
-. -
I
-
.
2
i} I
!
.
-
I i t.! - -
1
1
2"
.......
1 4..
L
. -.
...
!
L
,
..
.
1 150
-
..
225
. ....................... -
-
1-150 i Not L i r ~ ~ i t e d
.................
4! I ,-.. I
L
-
1
I i . ~~i
.
'
.
I
. . .
j
7 I
.
.
.
I15 ...
55
. .
~
115
..........
.
.J
-7
N o t Limilcd ...........
.
i 1
-.--,
I
55
I
!
~
N V A~ I I O W C ~ ....................
1
550
,~
i
1,800'. . .
.......
- ~ ~-- - -
Not Limited
.
-~~
- -
.
.-i.
~
~~
115
Ic
.
I
Not ............... Allowcd
i
. .
. . . . . . .
1 -
~
4.. i
550
.
i i 1
I
3h.i
..
!
........
NOI Allowed ...........
~-.+ I -----.
1
..
--
18.000'- 1
I
..
-
.
1
_ .- .
- ...........
...
!
.
Allo\vcd
2.250h . . . ..
I .
- ... . . . . . . . .
3".'
I
13. Watcr (Reactivcs) i ~ ...................................
-
3
-
Not
!I"E.~
4 ......
.
I
I-
.
I.
i
..
. .
7 .
.......
,1.
._ ......
I
I .000
L
................
. .
i I
975
1 .
7011.c 2
I
3
~~~>
~
9.I750 ..
I +
. .-
. I -
I
solids pounds .. . . . .
.
. .
rI
!
-
1
-.
,
1
:
.- .....
......
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA ~-. -~ .............. -
L-HAZARD MATERIALS -NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS . . . ~. . ~ ~ I
i -~~
i
I
. . 1~
A. HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS-NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS........................ -- -T-.-....
~~~
I1 2. Highly Toxics ...-........
. -
I I
Materiala
... ......................
.-
.
CONDITION I ...-
~.
I
2704.2 Spill control and secondary containment for liquid and solid hazardous materials. Koolns, buildings or
~; !
~~.~....
-
i
I ~~1
N o t Liinited .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
For ST: 1 pountl = 0.454 kg, I g~llon= 3.7X5 I,, 1 cubic foot = 0.028.72n1-'. ;I. H:is:ird ca1cgorii.s are as specified in Section 1701 2 . 2 . b. Masiinum allo\suble quantities shall he increased 100pcrcent in buildings eqilipped thrc~i~gl~out with an approved ;!utomatic sprinklei-syslcln i r i accordaiice with Sectioll 00:1.3.1.1. \+h' en Notc c also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied :ice~nnulatively. c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be ii~creased100 percent when stored in app~mvedsloragc cabinets in accordance with Section 2703.8. Whcr! Notc h also applies, (he increase l'or both notes shall tie applied accun~i~latively. d. See Table 2703.8.3.2 for dcsign and numbe~nT~-cinhulareas. e. Mnximu~nallowable quantities for other harai-dous nlatel-ialcategories shall he in accordance with Section 2703.1. t'. Maximu~nnllowahle qnantities shall be increased I00 percent in outdoor control areas. g. M a ~ i r n u ~allowable n quantitiesare permitted to bc increased to2.250 pounds when individual packages are in theoriginal scaledco~~txinersfrorn the manufacturer or paclcipcr and do clot cxcccd I 0 pounds each. 11. Masimu~riallc~walilc cliuan~iticsarc permitted to be increased to4,50(;poundssvhen individual packagesare in thco~.iginalsealedcontainers fscim the inanulictu~.cr or packaper and do not exceed 10 pounds each. i. Quantitics arc unlimited wherc protected by all al~toninticspiinklel- system. 1. Quantities arc iinli~nitodill an outdoor conlrol area.
254
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
arcas used for thc storage of liquid o r solid hazardous niaterials shall be providcd with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Sections 2704.2.1 through 2704.2.3.
Exception: Outcloor storage of containers on approvcd containmcnt pallets in accordance with Scction 2704.2.3. 2704.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, builtlings or areas used for the storagc of hazardous material liquids in individual vessels having a capacity of 1no1-cthan 55 gallons (208 I,), or in which the aggregate capacity of ~nultiplevcssels cxcecds 1,000gallons (3785 Lj, shall b ~ ~ r o v i d c d w ispill t h control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vesscl by one of the following methods:
I . Liquicl-tight sloped or reccsscd floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations. 3. Liquid-tight tloors in indoor locations or similar arcas in outdoor location provided with liquid-tight raised or reccssed sills or dikes. 3. S u r ~ ~ and p s collection systems.
4. Other approved engincered systcms. Except for surfacing. thcfloors, sills, dikes, sumps andcollection systems shall bc constructed of noncombustible material. a n j the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the ~ilateri;~l storcd. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they arc not rcquired at perimctcr openings having an opcll-grate trench across the opening that conn-L C ~ Sto an approvecl collection systcm.
2704.2.2 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids and solids. Where rccluired by Table 2704.2.2 buildings. rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids shirll be providcd with secondary containmcnl in accordance with this section when the capacity of an individual vessel or the aggrcpatc capacity of n~ul(.ipIc V C S S C ~ SC X C C C ~ Sthe following:
I . Liquids: Capacity of an individual vesscl exceeds 55 gallons (308 L) or thc aggregate capacity of multiple vcsscls cxcceds 1.000 gallons (3785 L): and 2. Solids: Capacity of an individual \lcssel exceeds 550 pounds (350 kg) o r thc aggrcgatc capacity of ~nultiplc vcssels excecds 10,000 pounds (4540 kgj. 2704.2.2.1 Containment and drainage metlnods. The building. roorn or area shall contain or drain the hazardous matcrials and tirc protcction water through the use of one of the following n~cthods: 1. Liquid-tight sloped or reccsscd floors in indoor locations or simila~areas in outdoor locations.
2. Licluid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes. 3. Sumps and collection systems. 4. Drainage systcms leading to an approved location. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
PROVISIONS
5. Other approved engineered systems.
2704.2.2.2 Incompatible materials. Incorl~patible materials used in opcn systems shall bc separated from each other in thc secondary containment system. 2704.2.2.3 Indoor design. Secondary containment for indoor storage areas shall bc designed to contain a spill from the largest vessel plus thc design flow volumc of fire protection water calculated to dischagc from the fire-extinguishing system ovcr the n~ini~nuni rccluired system design area or area of thc room or arca in which the storage is located, whichever is smallcr. The containment capacity shall be dcsigncd to cor~tainthe Flow for a period of 20 nlinutes. 2704.2.2.4 Outdoor design. Secondary containment for o ~ ~ t d ostorage or areas shall be dcsigncd to contain a spill from the largest individual vessel. If the arca is opcn to rainfall, secondary contain~ncritshall hc dcsigncd to include the volume of a 24-hour rainfall as detcrrnined by a 25.-year storm and provisions shall be niadc to drain accumulations of growid water and rainwater. 2704.2.2.5 Monitoring. An approvcd nlonitoring method shall be providcd to dctect hazardous matcrials in the secondary containmcnt systcm. Thc monitoring method is allowed to be visual inspcction of the primary or secondary containment. or othcr approvcd means. Where secondary containment is sub.ject to the intri~sion of watcr, a monitoring method for detecting water shall be provided. Where monitoring del~icesart: providctl, they shall be connected to approvcd visual or :ludible alarms. 2704.2.2.6 Drainage system design. Drainagc systems shall be in accordance with the hztet.ritrtiorrai Plzr/nhii~,g Code and all of the following: 1. The slope of tloors to drains in indoor locations, or similar areas in outdoor locations shall not bc less than I pcrccnt. 2. Drains from indoor storage arcas shall bc sizcd to carry the volume of the fire protcction water as dctcr~ninedby the dcsign density ciischargcd from the automatic fire-extinguishing systcm ovcr the minimum rcquired systcm dcsign arca or arca of the room or area in which tlic storage i s located, whichevcr is smaller. 3. Drains from outdoor storagc arcas shall bc sizcd to carry the volume of thc fire flow and the volu~ncof a 24-hour rainfall as dctcrmincd by a 25-ycar storm. 4. Materials of conslrvction for drainage systcms shall be compatiblc with thc materials stored.
5. Incompatible materi;~lsused in open systclns shall bc separated from each othcr In thc drainagc system. 6. Drains shall terminate in an approvcd locat~on away from buildings, valves. mcans oE cgrcs\. fire access roadways. adjoining property m ~ dstorm drains.
HAZARDOUS IVIATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
TABLE 2704.2.2 REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT-HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS STORAGE ------
7;---
1
INDOOR STORAGE
--
- --
MATERIAL
-
-
I
Solids
OUTDOOR STORAGE
I
--
--
-
-
. -1
-
1
Liauids
-
-
-
-
1
Solids
1
-
1
-
Liauids
1. Physical-hazard materials
-
Class 11 -
Combustible liquids ........
-
/ CIyogerllc fluids
'
-
Class -IIIA .... .--... . . --.
-
7
/1 -
1 - -J
class 111~ . .
-
t
-
-1 I
1,
.
--
i
1
Not
- - - - - See Chapter 34 -
-
---
See Chapter 34 .......... -
iii r.. chapter 31
Applicable
I
-
--
/
-
--
.-
.........
...
Flammable liquids
1 ..................
- - . .-
1, -
1
-
See Chapter 34 see 34 ~
~
-
~
~
/
See Chapter 34 -
1
'
Abp:el;
--
..
i
.... - . ..
See Chapter34 ... .
-
See Chanter 32
See Chapter....34 ..............
.....
~
~~-~
1-
1
~
Sce Chapter 32 -
)i i
Class IC .............
.
I--~-
..
Class IB .
.
)
.....1-,
Class IA ......
1
I
I
Not Applicable
1i &
.
See Chauter 33
1
-
i
See Chapter 32
-~
1
See Clidptcr 34
.......
-
. -
.
i
4
. .
I
-
See Chapter 34
..............
Not Applicablc
1t
-
Class I
-- -. . -.
1
1
class III
I
I
Class IV
I
Class V
j 1
NotReauired
Class 3....
/
Required
,
Organic pcroxides
i1 Oxidizers
r~
1
I
. . . . .
1
.
t
j 1,
Class 2 --
-
.
.
. .
I
1
..
.
Class 4
..
-.
NotRcuuired
I
Required --
I
Not Required
jv-..---.
1
I
NotRcauircd
Not Rcquircd
1
Not Required
Not Required
' ..
~
Requircd
.
...
--
..
Not Requircd ~
- ~ -
. L .
/
1 .
Not Rcqu~rcd
-
Not Required ......
!
I
Required
Not Rcquircd
I
-
Not Required -
!
I
Required
i
Class 2 .....
I
1
. . . . .
- ~ ;
Class 3
I
i
Not. Required .. .
Not Requircd
iI
-~-+.
~
---
Unstable (rcacrivea)
/
Required
!
I
---.-T.--.---...
/
Required
!
...........
-
Class I Pyrophorics .......................
I
Class 11
I
i i
Required
Rcquired
Not Rcquired ~-
Not Rcauired
No1 Required .............
Required
Rcqu~rcd
Rcquired
I
..............
~-
Water rcactives .......
1
..
/
Class ... - 1
Not Required
i
Not Required
2. Health-hazard materials
Corrosives . . Highly loxics
............
Toxics
i .....-
.
.
1
Not Required ..... .
I -
.
/
I
,1
j ...
Required
Rccluired - _ ...-.... Req~lircd
i
j \ 1
1 T...
I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
2704.2.3 Containment pallets. When used as an altcmativc to spill control and secondary containment for outdoor storagc In accordance with the exception in Scction 2704.1, containment pallets shall comply with all of the following: 1. A liquid-tight sump acccssible for visual inspection
shall bc provided.
2. Thc sump shall be designed tocontain not less than 66 gallons (250 L). 3. Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with material stored.
4. Containment pallets shall be protected to prevent collection of rainwater within the sump.
2704.3 Ventilation. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall bc provided with mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the materials as stored. Exception: Storage areas for flammable solids complying with Chapter 36. 2704.3.1 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply w ~ t hall of thc following: 1 . installation shall bc in accordance with the Inter-nutioil~ilhlechnnic~nlCode. 2. Mechanical ventilation sliall be at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot pcr minute per square foot 110.00508 m3/(s . m2)] of floor area over the storage area. 3. Systems shall operate continuously unless allcrnalivc designs are approved. 4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of thc room in a position adjacent to the access do01 to the room or in an approvcd location. Thc su:itch shall be a b~eah-glassor other approved type and shall be labclcd: VENTI1,ATION SYSTEh'l EMERGENCY SHUTOFF. 5. Exhaust venlilation shall be designed to consider the density of the potential fumes or vapors released. For f u n r s or vapors that arc heavicr than air, exhaust shall he taken frorn a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor. For fumes or vapors that are lighter than air, exhaust shall be tah-en from a point within 12 inches (305 nim) of the highest point of the room. 6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings sh;ill be dcsigncd to providc air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors. 7. Exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupicd arcas I if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazardous vapors and contam~nantshave not been removed. Air-contan~inated with cxplosive or flammable vapors, fir~nesor dusts; flanlmable, highly toxic or tosic gases; or radioactive materials shall not be recirculated. 2704.4 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatihlc m;~tcrialsshall be separated in accordiincc with Scction 2703.9.8. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
PROVISIONS
2704.5 Automatic sprinkler syslenns. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be equippcd throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accot.dancc with Scction 903.3.1.1. The design of the sprinklcr system shall not be less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with aminimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 ni?). Whcrt: the ~naterialsor storage arrangement arc rcquired by other regulations to be provided with a higher levcl of sprinkler system protection, the higher lcvel of sprinkler system protection shall be provided. 2704.6 Explosion control. 11ldoor slorage rooms. areas and buildings shall be provided with explosion contrcll it1 accordance with Section 91 I . 2704.7 Standby or emergency power. Wherc mcchanical ventilation; treatment systems, temperature control, alarm. detection or other electrically operated systems arc rcquircd, such systcnis shall be provided with an cmergcncy or standby power system in accordance with the ICC Electrical Code ant1 Section 604. Exceptions: I. Storage areas for Class 1 and 2 oxidizers. 2. Storage arcas for Class 111, IV and V organic peroxides. 3. For storage arcas for highly tonic or toxic materials, see Scctions 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.2.6. 4. Sta~idhypower for mechanical ventilation, trcatlnent systems and temperature conti-ol systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe cngi~iccredsystem is installed.
2704.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be prov~dcdin accordance with Scctions 1704.5.1 and 2704.5.2. 2704.8.1 Teniperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperatures other than normal ambienr temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall he provitlcd with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant teniperaturc control equipment thal will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall he provided. Where approvcd, alternative rncans that prcvent a hazardous reaction are allo~vcd. 2704.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanl<sand ecluipmcnt containing hazardous ri~atcrialliquids that can gcncratc pressures exceeding design limits hecause of exposure fires or internal reaction, shall have some fclmi ofconstructio~ior other approved means that will relieve cxcessivc internal pressure. The means of prcssure relief shall vcnl to an approvcd location or to an exhaust scrubber or trcatrncnt system where required by Chapter 37. 2704.9 Emergerrcy alarm. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings. rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. E~nelgcncyalarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each i~itcriorcxit or exit access door of storagc buildings, rootiis or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants o f an cmergcncy situation i~lvolving hazardous mnterials.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
PROVISIONS
2704.10 Supervision. Emergency alarm, detection and automatic firc-cxlinguishing systems rcquired by Section 2704 shall be supervised by an approvcd central, proprietary or rcniote station serviccor shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constaiitly attcndcd on-site location. 2704.11 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor storage area or tank shall be kept clear of coi~ibustiblc niatcrlals and vcgetation for a minimum distance of 25 feet (7620 inm). 2704.12 No~icombustiblefloor. Except for surfacing, floors of storagc areas shall bc of noncombustible construction. 2704.13 Weather protection. W h e r e o v e r h e a d noncombustible construction i~ providcd for sheltering outdoor hazardous ~iiatcrialstorage areas, such storage shall not be considercd indoor storage when the area is constructed in accordancc with the recluircments for weather protection as rcquired by tlic I?zterrzatioiznlBrlildiilg Code. Exception: Storage of explosive materials shall be considered as indoor storage.
SECTION 2705 USE, DISPENSING AND HANDLING 2705.1 General. Use, dispensing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts excecding the ~naxirnumallowable quantity per control area set forth in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 ant1 2705. Use, tlispcnsing and handling of hazardous materials in amounts no1 excceding the maxi~numallowable quantity per control area sct forth in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 1701 and 2703. 2705.1.1 Separation of incompatible materials. Separation of incompatible materials shall he in accordance with Scction 2703.9.8. 2705.1.2 Noncombustible floor. Except for surfacing, floors of arcas whcrc liquid or solid hazudous materials are dispensed or uscd in open systcms shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction. 2705.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for l~uzardousralaterial liquids. Where required by other provisions of Scction 2705, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordancc with Section 2704.2. 2705.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordancc w ~ t hScctions 2705.1.4.1 through 2705.1.4.4. 2705.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid hazardous materials are used shall be equipped with a I~cluicl-lcvellimit control or other means to prcvent overfilling of the tank. 2705.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safeguards shall bc provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a tank fro111creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents. 2705.1.4.3 Temperature control. Tc~nperaturecontrol shall be provided in accordancc with Section 2704.8.1.
2705.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control hall bc provided in accordaiice with Section 2704.8.2. 2705,1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mcchanical ventilation, treatment systcms, temperature control. manual alarm, detection or otl~ereleclrically operatcd systems are required. such systcms shall bc provitlcd with an emergency or standby power system in accordancc with tlic ICC Electricu/ Code and Scction 604. Exceptions:
1 . Standby power for ~ncchanicalventilation, treatment systems and telnpcrature coiitrol systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engincered system is installed. 2. Systems for highly toxic or toxic gases shall be provided with emergency power in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.8 and 3704.3.2.6.
2705.1.6 Supervision. Manual alarm. detcction and automatic fire-extinguishing systems rcquircd by other provisions of Scctlon 2705 shall be supervised by an approved ccntral, proprietary or remote station sclvicc or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attcndcd on-s~te location. 2705.1.7 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial incans shall be providcd. 2705.1.8 Fire-extinguishing systems. Indoor rooms or arcas in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an auto~naticfirc-extinguishing sys~> tem in accordancc with Chapter 9. Sprinkler s y s t c ~design shall no1 bc less than that rcquircd for Ordinary I-lazard, Gmup 2. with a ~ni~iinluni design area of 3,000 scluarc fcct (279 m2). Wherc thc ~natcrialsor storage armngemcnt arc required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the highcr lcvel of sprinkler system protection shall be providcd. 2705.1.9 Ventilation.Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordancc with Section 11704.3. Exception: Ventilation is not rcquircd for dispensing and use of flammable solids other than finely dividcd particles. 2705.1.10 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 i11 accordancc with NFPA 704 shall bc transferred by one of the following methods: I. From safety cans complying with UL 30 2. Through an approved closed piping systcm. 3. From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in thc top of the container or tank. 4. From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valvc whet1 the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and seconcl;~rycontainment in accordance wit11 Scction 2704.2. Highly Loxic liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL
5. A p ~ r o v c dcngineercd liquid transfer syslems. Exceptions: I . Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 when dispensed fi-on1 approved containcrs not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
2. Liquids having a ha7nrd ranking of 3 when dispensed fi-om approved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons (20 L).
2705.2 lndoor dispensing and use. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous matcrials shall be in buildings complying with the Intcrrlatiorinl Building Code and in accordance with Section 2705.1 and Sections 2705.2.1 through 2705.2.2.5. 2705.2.1 Open systems. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials in open containcrs or systems shall be in accordance with Section5 2705.2.1.1 through 7-705.2.1.4. 2705.2.1.1 Ventilation. Where gases, liquids or solids having a harard ranktng of 3 or 4 in accordance with KFPA 704 arc dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be providcd to capture gases. furncs. mists or vapors at thc point of gcneration. Exception: Gascs. liquids or solids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful gascs, fumes, 1nist501 vapors. 2705.2.1.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall bc pro~ridedin accordance with Section 2704.6 when an explosivc environment can occur because of the charactcristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process. 2705.2.1.3 Spill col~trolfor hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or arcas where hazardous material liquids arc dispenscd intv vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or uscd in open systems cxcccding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Sec:ion 2704.2.1. 2705.2.1.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Whcre rcquircd by Table 2705.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids arc dispenscd or used in open systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordancc with Scction 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vcsscl or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systcms cxceeds the following: 1. Individual vessel or system: greater tl~an1.3 gallons (5 L). 2. Multiple vessels or systems: grcatcr than 5.3 gallons (20 L).
2705.2.2 Closcd systems. Usc of l~azardousmaterials in closcd containers or systems shall he in accordance with Sections 2705.2.2.1 through 2705.3.2.5. 2705.2.2.1 Design. Systems shall he suitable for the usc intcndcd and shall bc designed by persons competent in such dcsign. Controls shall he designcd to prevent mate-
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
PROVISIONS
rials from sn tcrir~gor l caving the process or reaction syhtems at other than the inteadcd time, ratc or path. Whcre aulomatic controls are provided. they shall be dcsigned to be fail safe.
2705.2.2.2 Ventilation. Whcrc closcd systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1. 2705.2.2.3 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordancc with Section 2704.6 whcre an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a rcsult of the dispensing or use process. Exception: Where process vcssels arc dcsigned to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vcssel under proccss conditions based on the most likely failure. 2705.2.2.4 Spill control for hazardous material licluids. Buildings, rooms or areas whcre hazmdous material liquids are uscd in individual vessels excceding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be providcd with spill control in accordancc with Scction 2704.2.1. 2705.2.2.5 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Tablc 2705.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids arc used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vcsscl or system or thc capacity of multiplc vcssels 01-systcins exceeds the following: 1. Individual vcssel lons (208 L).
01.
system: grcater than 55 gal-
2. Multiple vessels or systcms: grcatcr than 1.000 gallons (3785 L).
2705.3 Outdoor dispensing and use. Dispetising and use of h'zardous materials outdoors shall be in accordancc with ScuLions 2705.3.1 through 2705.3.9. 2705.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maxirnurn nllowab)e quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or usc of hazardous matel-ials, in either closcd or opcn containers or systems, in amounts exceeding thc maximum allowable quantity per contl-ol area indicated in Tahlcs 2703.1. l(3) and 2703.1.1(4) shall he in accordance with Scctions 270 I ? 2703, 2705.1 and 2705.3. 2705.3.2 Quantities not cxcccding the maxin~unlallowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous matcrials, in cithcr closcd or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control 31-ea indicatcd in Tables 1703.1.I (3) and 2703.1.1(4) shill1 be in accord>~nccwith Sections 2701 and 2703.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
TABLE 2705.2.1.4 REQUIRED SECONDARY CONTAINMENT-HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LIQUIDS USE - ....
.
Combustible liquids .
.
:
Fxplos~ves ....... .. I _ _
1
-.
Class IIIA -- -
-
-
..
....
.
I T-...---..-.--....
.. -
! .<-~~
... ....
1
-
i
peroxides
-
.....
----A
Class I11
j
I
--
i
~
-
-
..i.....
. . .
See.. Chapter 33 -~
See Chapter 32 ... . . . . .
-
I
.
.
See Chapter .33 . . ..
-
-
-
.
.
. .
-
-
i !
Sce Chapter 11 - -
!
See Chapter 34
I
. . . . . . .
-
.
-
-
See Chapter 34
Not Applicable ......
Not Applicable
.
.
.
.
.
j
-
-
-1
..........
....
Required
I
Required
Required I
No1 Required -
I -
-
I -
1
-
Not Requ~red
-
--
1
~
Class 3
i
Oxidizers
.-
...................
34 --See Chapter --
-
Class 4~..-
1
I
I
Class V ~.~
~.
.........
See Chaptcr 34
---.
-
.L-
.....
--
I i
Class I1 ........
................................
t
.
~-
~
I I ,
----
.
-
Class I ......
.
-
See Chapter 34
-
-
Unclassified Detonable
.
See Chapter 34 I
--
Class IC --
i
......
See Chapter.34
Class IB
Ir~-..
.
...
See Chapter 34 -
l-~
.
I
OUTDOOR USE -.... LIQUIDS --
~~
...
.
See Chapkr 32 - ..........
Class IA
i
......
L
Sse Chaoter 34
..
.i
.-
See Chapter 34 ..........
I ~
-
INDOOR LIQUIDS . . USE . -
-
Class IlIB
-
1
I
. . . . . .
-
*
, .
Flsminablr liquids
1
....
1 .
-
Cryogenic ll~lids . . . . . . . . . . .
I-:
,
r.
1. Physical-hazard materials - -- ~.. -..
- - ~
I
I
. .
-
I
1 ....
Required
Required
Class 2 class 1
....
I
................
4 Class -- .
.
....
Required
-
..
Required
Class 3 . . . . .
Class 2 Class 1
............
i Water renctives
I---~Class 2 1- -
-
Corrosives
Highly toxics
..............
Tnxics
..
. . . . . . . . . . . .
--
-
...
Not Required .......... Required
'.
Class I_... .
................
!
+-.
Class 3
...
.........
i .
.....i
.
........... ......
Not Required
2.--.Health-hazard materials .. --
. .
....
I
.....-.......
.
...
-~7 1 I
...
.
j
I
Required
I
Rcquiretl
I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS
2705.3.3 Location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous inatcrials shall be located as rcquired for outdoor storage in accorda~lcewith Section 2704.
the n~aximumallowable quantity pcr control arcs i~~tlicntcd inTables 2703.1.1 (1) through 2703.1. I(4) shall bc in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705.1 and 2705.4.
2705.3.4 Spill control for hazilrdous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor arcas whcre hwardous material liquids are dispcnscd in vcsscls excceding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capac~tyor used in open systems cxcccding a 5.3-gallon (20 L ) capacrty shall be provided w ~ t hspill control in accordance with Scclion 2704.2. I .
2705.4.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximun~allowable quantity per control area. Handling of hazardous materials in indoor locations in amounts not exceeding the trlaximum allowable quantity per control arca indicatctl in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1. I(?) shall bc in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2705. I . Handling of hazardous materials in ol~tdoorlocations in amounts not cxcecdil~g the maxinlurn allowal~lequantity per control area indicated in Tables 2703.1. I (3) and 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accorclancc with Sections 2701 and 2703.
2705.3.5 Secondary containmcnt for hazardous riiaterial liquids in open systems. Whcre required by Table 7-705.2.I .4, outdoor areas whcre hazardous material liquids arc dispcnscd or uscd in open systenls shall be provided with secondary containnient in accordance with Section 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vcssels or systcnls cxcceds the following: 1. Individual vessel or system: greater than 1.3 gallons (5 L). 2. Multiplc vessels or systcms: greater than 5.3 gallons (20 1,).
2705.3.6 Spill control for hazardous matcrial liquids in closed systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material llquids are uscd in closed systc~nsexcce~ling55 gallons (208 L) shall bc provided with spill control in accordance with Section 2704.2.1. 2705.3.7 Sccondary containment for Clazardous material liquids in closed systems. Wherc rcquired by Tablc 2705.2.1.4. outdoor arcas whc~-cllazardous matcl-ial liquids arc dispcnscd or used in closed systems shall be pro~~ided with sccondiuy containmcnt in accorclancc with Scction 2704.2.2 when the capacity of an individual vcssel or system or thc capacity of multiple vcsscls or systcms cxcceds the following: I. Indi~idualvcsscl or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L). 2. Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).
2705.3.8 Clearance from combustibles. The area surrounding an outdoor dispensing or usc area shall be licpt clcar of combustible materials and vegetation for a minimum distance of 30 feet (9 I44 mm). 2705.3.9 Weather protection. Where ovcrhcad noncombustible construction is providcd for shcltering outdoor hazardous material use areas, such usc shall not be considered indoor uscwhen the arca is co~lstructcdin accordance with the requircmcnts for ~ e a t h c rprotection as rcquired in the h~trrncrtior~crl Bui1dir1.g Codc. Exception: Use of explosivc material, shall be cons~dcrcd as indoor u\c. 2705.4 Handling. Handling of hazal-dous rnatcrials shall be in accordance with Scctions 2705.4.1 through 2705.4.4. 2705.4.1 Quantities excecding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. IIaudling of lia~aldousmaterials in indoor and o~rtdoorlocations in ainounts exceeding 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2705.4.3 Location. Outdoor handling areas for hazardous materials shall bc located as rccluil-edfor outdoor storage in accordance with Section 2704. 2705.4.4 Elnergency alarm. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4. in accordance wit11 NFP,4 704 are transported through c o ~ ~ i d o or r s exit cnclosures. there shall bt: an emcrgency telephonc system, a local manual alanll station or an approvcd alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mmj intervals and at each exit and cxit access doorway throughout the transport route. a l be relayed to an approved ccntral station, The s i g ~ ~ shall proprietary supervising station or renlotc supervising s k tion or a constantly attcndcd on-site location and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 28
AEROSOLS SECTION 2801 GENERAL 2801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter, the Irztertiutio~zal Ruildii~,gCodc and NFPA 30B shall apply to the manufacturing. storagc and display of acrosol products. Manufacturing of aerosol products using hazardous materials shall also conlply wit11 Chapter 27.
SECTION 2803 GLASSIFICKTION OF AEROSOL PRODUCTS 2803.1 Classification levels. Acrosol products shall be classified as Level I, 2 or 3 in accordance with Table 2803.1 and NFPA 30B. Aerosol products in cartons which arc not identified in accordance with this section shall be classified as Level 3. TABLE 2803.1
2801.2 Permit required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Scction 105.6. AEROSOL
2801.3 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Shcct (MSDS) information for aerosol products displayed shall be kept on thc prelnises at an approved location. 8,600
13,000
SECTION 2802 DEFINITIONS 2802.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and a5 used elsewhere in this code. have the meanings shown herein. AEROSOL. A product that is dispensed from an aerosol container by a propellant. Acrosol products shall be classificd by means of the calculation of their chcmlcal heats of cornbustion and shall be dcsignatcd Lcvel 1. Levcl 2 or Level 3.
Level 1 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat of combustion that IS less than or equal to 8,600 British thermal units per po~ind(Btullb) (20 kJ/g). Level 2 aerosol products. Those with a total che~nicalheat of c o ~ i ~ b u s t ~ that o nis greater than 8.600 Btullb (20 kJlg). but ICSS than or cclual to 13.000 Utu/lb (30 Ulg). Iievel 3 aerosol products. Those with a total chemical heat of combustion that is grcater than 11,000 Btullb (30 kJlg). AEROSOL CONTAINER. A metal can, or a glass or plastic bottle designed to dispense an aerosol. Metal cans shall be liinitcd to a ~naxilnumsize of 33.8 fluid ounces ( 1000inl). Glass or plastic bottlcs shall be limited to a rrlaxinium size of 4 fluid ounccs ( l I8 ml). I-'IEPZOSOI,WAREEIOUSE. A building used for warehousing acrosol products. YROPE1,CANT. The liclucficd or compressed gas in an aerosol container that expels thc contents from an aerosol container when the valve is actuated. propellant is considcrcd tlammable if it forms a flammable mixture with ail; or if a flame is self-propagating in a mixture with air.
RETAIL DISPLAY AREA. The area of a Group M occupancy open for thc purpose of viewing or purchasing mcrchandisc offered for salc. Individuals in such cstablishincnts arc frec to circulate among thc itenis offcrcd for salc which are typically displaycd 011 shelvcs, racks or the floor. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
For SI:
i C .
!%!so.-I 1 ~ ~ .
-
.
..
~
i .
~
..
~
.
2 7
--
;
~
: . .2i
I British thetnial onit pw poond = 0.002326kJ/g.
2803.2 Identification. Cartons shall be identified on at least one side with the classification level of the acrosol products contained within the carton as follows: LEVEL AEROSOLS SECTION 2804 INSIDE STORAGE OF AEROSOL PRODUCTS 2804.1 General. 'The inside storagc of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall comply with Sections 7804.2 through 2804.7 and NFPA 30B. Level I. aerosol products shall be considcrcd equivalent to a Class I11 conimodity and shall comply with the recluircments for pallctized or rack storage in NFPA 13. 2804.2 Storage ill Groups A, B, E, F, I and R. Storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products in occupancies in Groups A, 13. E,F. I and R shall be limited to thc following n~aximumquantitics: 1. A net weight of 1,000pounds (454 kg) of Lcvcl2 acrosol products.
2. A net weight of 500 pounds (227 kg) of Lcvcl3 acrosol products. 3. A combined net weight of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) of Lcvel 2 and 3 acrosol products. The maximum quantity shall be increased 100 perccnt whcrc thc excess quantity i s b ~ u ~ cindstoragc cab~nctsin accordance with Scction 3404.3.2.
2804.2.1 Excess storage, Storagc of quant~ticsexceeding the maxim~unclilantitics indicated in Scction 2804.2 sllall be stored in separate inside flammable liquid storage rooms in accordancc with Scction 2804.5. 2804.3 Storage in general purpose warehouses. Acrosol storagc in general purpose warchouscs utilized only for warchousing-type operations involving mixcd commodities shall comply w ~ l hSection 2804.3.1 or 1804.3.2.
AEROSOLS
TABLE 2804.3.2 SEGREGATED STORAGE OF LEVEL 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN GENERAL PURPOSE WAREHOUSES
2804.3.1 Nonsegregated storage. Storage consisting of solid pile, pallctized or rack storage of Level2 and 3 acrosol products not segregated into areas utili~cdexclusively for thc storage of aerosols shall comply with Table 2801.3.1.
MAXIMUM SEGREGATED STORAGE AREAa I
/
I
TABLE 2804.3.1 NONSEGREGATED STORAGE OF LEVEL 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS_ IN GENERAL PURPOSE WAREHOUSESb . . - .. _ . .-
r-..
,
---
I
!i.
--
-
-
-
MAXIMUM NET WEIGHT PER FLOOR pound^)^ .--- --.. -
~
Palletized o r
I
-~
STORAGE
-.
SEPARATION --
I
Percentage of Area 1 1 build~ngarea I,mitat~on SPRINKLER (percent) 1 (square feet) REQUIREMENTS
1
-
-
41
I
( Chain-link fence I mclosure "
1
20
20.000
Notes h. c
1
I
interior walls
For SI: I h o t = 304.8 mnr. 1 poui~d= 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929111~. a. Appl.oved auton~aticsprinkler system protzction and storage arrangements shall comply with NFP.4 308. Sprinkler system protection shall e x t e ~ ~20d feet beyond the stor:lge are:] containing the aerosol producls. b. Storage qllantities indicated are the ~naxirnumpermitled in any 50,000-squ:1r~ft~ot area.
2804.3.2 Segregated storage. Storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products segregated into areas utilized exclusively for the storage of acrosols shall comply with Table 2804.3.2 and Sections 2804.3.2.1 and 2804.3.2.2. 2804.3.2.1 Chain-link fence enclosures. Chain-link fence enclos~iresrequired by Table 3804.3.2 shall comply with the following:
I . Thc fence shall not be less than No. 9 gage steel wire, woven into a maxin~um2-inch (51 m n ~ dia) mond mesh. 2. Thc fence shall be installed from the floor to the undersidc of the roof or ceiling a b o ~ c .
I
For SI: 1 fool = 304.8 mrn, 1 square h o t = 0.09201n'. a. l'hc inaximurn segregated storage area shall hc limited to the smaller of the two arcas resulti~igh.on~the percentage of buildill:: area lin~itationand thc area Iirnitatioli. b. Automatic s p ~ . i ~ ~ ksyst2m l e r protection in aerosol product s~ofirgcareas sl~all co~nplywith NFPA 30B and he approved. Building arca5 not c~)nlaininp ncrosol product storage sshall he equipped throrlghout with an appromd autocnatic sprinkler system in accordalioe with Scctiori 903.3.1 . I . c. Autor~~atic sprinklcrsystetn protcclionin aer*lsol product stornze arcas shnll coinply with NFPA 30B and bc approved. Sprinlilcr syste~nprotection shall extend a minimum 20 feet heyond the ncrosol stor~lgearea. d. Chaittlink feuce enclosures shall comply with Sectioil 2804.3.2. I r. A sepal.ntion area shall be defined as an area extentling outward from the periphery of the segrcgatdd ael.0~01prodi~cts t o m p area as follows. 1. The limits of the aerosol product storage shall beclearly n~arkedonthe floor. 2. The separation dista~iccshall be a minimumof25 fcct and rnaintaincd clear of all materials with a commodity cl;~ssificatiol~ greater than Class 111 in accordance with Sectio1lY03.3.1. I . f. Separaliun areas shall only be pcrrriittcd where :lpproved. TABLE 2804.3.2.2 SEGREGATED STORAGE AISLE WIDTHS AND DISTANCE TO
3. Class 1V and high-hazard commodities shall be stored outside of the aerc3sol stoxage area and a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) from the fence.
r
4. Access openings in the fence shall be provided with cither self- or automalic-closing devices or a labyrinth opening arrangement preventing aerosol containers from rocketing through the access openings.
/'. palle~ized"----
5. Not less than two means of egress shall be provided from the fcnccd enclosure. 2804.3.2.2 Aisles. The minimum aisle requirements for segregated storage in general puipose warehouses shall comply with Tahlc 2804.3.2.2. 2804.4 Storage in aerosol warehouses. The total quantity of l,evcl 3 and 3 aerosol products in a warehouse utilized for the storage, shipping and receiving of aerosol products shall not be restricted in struclurcs complying with Sections 2804.4.1 through 2801.4.4.
264
firc-resistance-rated
DISTANCE I MAXIMUM FROM STORAGE TO 1
MINIMUM
1
I Solid pile or
I
~
i
I feet hetiveen piles
. +~~
.
-
.
-
uacks wit11LSFR 14 feet between racks and
i sprinklers"
1
adiaccl,t
I
25
I
25
..-+--.
and
I
. -. ~
.
I
I
~
/ Racks without
8 feet between mckh and 2 and 3
adjacent level
/
i 25
I
I
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 Inm. a. Sprinklers shall comply with NFPA 308.
2804.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Aerosol warehouses shall be pro~ectedby an approved wet-pipe automatic sprinklcr system in accordance with NFPA 30B. Sprinkler protection shall be designcd based on the highcst classification level of aerosol proclucl present.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
AEROSOLS
2804.4.2 Pile and palletized storage aisles. Solid pile and pallctizcd storage shall bc arranged so the maxinlun~travel distance to an aislc is 25 feet (7630 mm). Aihlcs shall havea minimum width of 4 feet (1219 nim). 2804.4.3 Rack storage aisles. Rack storage shall be arranged with a minimum aisle width of 8 fcet (2438 mm) between rows of racks and 8 feet (2438 mm! between racks and adjacent solid pile or palletized storage. Where early suppression fast-responsc (ESFR) spri~lklcrsprovidc automatic sprinlilcr protcctio~l,the minimum aislc width shall be 1 feet (1219 mm). 2804.4.4 Combustible commodities. Combustiblc commodities other than tla~nnlableand combustible liquids shall be permitted to bc stored in a n aerosol warehouse. Exceptio~a:Flnmniahle and combustible liquids i n I-quart (946 [nL)metal containers and smallcr shall be pern~ittedto be stored in an aerosol warehouse.
2804.6.2 Sprinkler design. Sprinliler protection shall be cicsigned based on the highest lcvcl of aerosol product prcscnt. 2804.6.3 Opening protection into segregated storage ~ or gates openlng into the segregated storareas. F I Idoors age area shall either be self-closing or provlded with automatic-closing devices activated by sprinkler water tlow or an approved fire detection system. 2804.7 Storage in Croup h l occupancies. Storage of Lcvcl2 and 3 aerosol products in occupancies in Group M shall cornply wilh Table 2804.7. Retail display shall comply with Sectio~i 2806.
-
--
-
2804.5 Storage in inside flammable liquid storage rooms. lnsidc tlammable liquid storage rooms shall con~plywith Section 3404.1.7. Thc mnxinium quantities of acrosol products shall comply with Section 2804.5.1 or 2804.5.2. 2804.5.1 Storage roonls of 500 square feet or less. The storagc of acrosol products in flammable liquid storage rooms less than or equal to 500 square feet (46 m') in area shall not exceed thc following quantilics: I . A net wcight of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) of Level 2 aerosol products. 2. A net weight of 500 pourlds (227 kg) of Level 3 aero-
sol products. 3. A combined net wcight of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) of L,cvcl 2 and 3 acrosol products.
TABLE 2804.7 MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF LEVEL 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL STORAGE AREAS --
-
-
-
2. A net weight of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) of Level 3 aerosol products.
i
1
2804.6 Storage in liquid warehouses. The storage of Level 2 and 3 ~lcrosolp ~ ) d u c t in s liquid warehouses shall co~nplywith NFPA 30B. The storage shall be located within segrcgated storage arcas in accordance with Section 2804.3.2 and Sections 3804.6.1 through 2804.6.3. 2804.6.1 Containment. Spill control or drainage shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquid to v:ithin 8 fcet (2138 mm) of the segregated storage area. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
r-
Nonsegregated 1 storagea?
Storage cablnetsb
1 Separated from
i
'
I i Ba\e;enn . f - g ~ ~ ~ @ @ ~ i - - ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ Not - @ Pcrmil~cd t.~t e. d - 4 Ground floor . -~ 2,500 i . .._5 000 ,Note d - ~-1 ~ - . 1 v_ppet'?k!l;r.l.--. 500 . ,!? .' L. Noted i +
Floor
I
retailareaC
-
,
-
~
-
For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 squ~trefool = 0.0929 m'. a. The total aggregate quantity on display and in storayc shall not cxcecd the maximum retail display quantity indicated insection 2806.3. h. Storage quantities indicated are the ~naximunipcnnictcd in a n y 5O~OUO-sc]uare-footarea. c, Thc storage x c a shall bc separated fiom the retail area with :I I-hot~lfire-rrsis~:~nce-rated assclnbly. d. See Table 1804.3.2.
SECTION 2805 OUTSIDE STORAGE
2805.1 General. The outside storagc of Lcvel 2 and 3 aerosol products, including storage in tcmpora~ystoragc trailers, shall be separated from exposures in accordance with Table 2805.1. TABLE 2805.1 DISTANCE TO EXPOSURES FOR OUTSIDE STORAGE OF LEVEL - 2-AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS
3. A combined net weight of 2,500 pounds (1 135 kg) of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products.
The maximum aggregate storage quantity of Level 2 and 3 :lerosol products permittcd in separate illsidc storage rooms protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm in accordance with NFPA 30B shall be 5,000 pounds (2270 kg).
-
I
2804.5.2 Storage rooms greater than 500 square feet. The storage of aerosol products in flammable liquid storage rooms grcater than 500 squarc feet (46 1113in area shall not exceed the following quantities: I. A net wcight of 7,500 pounds ( 1 135 kg) of Lcvel 2 aerosol products.
-
MAJHMJMbJET-WEGHZPERFLOOR (pounds) I Segregated storage
--
- -
I -
EXPOSURE
--
/
- -
Publlc alleys. publ~cway5, publrc FtreetL _ -k -
Bul@ne
-
-
- --
--
-
_
_-
- -
&t&nes Other _ oul41de _ - _ storage _ -- -
-
-
-
-
c 1
-5050
--
-
-1
I
-
I
I
1
I
-
,
,
20
-
Exlt d~schargeto a publ~cway
%,,,MUM ~ , m , c E FROM~ AEROSOL STORAGE (feet)
20 -
-
50
1 -
I
For Sf: 1 inch = 25.4 rrnn, 1 foot = 3W.8 m m n. The nlinimtuii scp;~raliondistance indicalud is not requirctl whel-c exlwior walls having a2-horn. li1.e-resista~~c~raling withoul penetratinnsscpal.;!lc thc srorqe lin~lithz exposure. The walls shall extend not lcss than 30 iocheq ;ibove and lo the cides of Lwei 2 and 3 il~rosol~ I . O ~ L I C ~ S .
AEROSOLS
SECTION 2806 RETAIL DISPLAY 2806.1 General.This section shall apply to the retail display of 500 pounds (7-27kg) or more of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products. 2806.2 Aerosol display and normal merchandising not cxcceding 8 fcet (2438 mm) high. Aerosol display and nonnal merchandising not exceeding 8 fect (2438 mm) in height shall be in accordar~ccwith Sections 3806.2.1 through 2806.2.4.
I I
2806.2.1 Maximum quantities in rctail display arcas. Aerosol products in rctail display areas shall not exceed quantities needed for display and nonnal merchandising and shall not exceed the q~lantitiesin Table 2806.2. I. TABLE 2806.2.1 MAXIMUM QUANTITIES OF LEVEL 2 AND 3 AEROSOL PRODUCTS IN RETAIL DISPLAY AREAS
1
500
2 000
1
-
2806.2.2 Display of containers. Level2 and 3 aerosol containcrs shall not be stacked more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high from the base of the aerosol array to the top of the aerosol array unless the containers are placed on fixed shclving or otherwise secured in an approved manner. When storage or retail display is on shelves, the height of such storage or rctail display to the top of aerosol containers shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 nun). 2806.2.3 Combustible cartons. Aerosol products located in rctail display areas shall be removed from combustible cartons. Exceptions: 1. Display areas that use a portion of combustible cartons that consist of only the bottom pancl and not more than 2 ~nches(51 mm) of the side panel arc allowed.
I @
1
@
2806.3.1 Maximum quantities in retail display areas. Aerosol products in retail display areas shall 11ot exceed quantities nceded for display and normal rnerchandisil~g and shall not exceed the quantities in Table 2806.2. I , with fire protection in accordance with Section 2806.3.2. 2806.3.2 Automatic sprinkler protection. Aerosol display and merchandising areas shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system bascd on the requirements set fol-th in Tables 6.3.2.7(a) through 6.3.2.7(1) of NFPA 30B and the following: 1. Protection shall be bascd on thc highest level of acrosol proc!uct in the array and the packaging method of the storage located rnore than 6 fcet (1 829 mm) above the finished floor. 2. Whcn using the cartoned aerosol tables of NFPA 3OB. uncartoncd or display-cut Level2 and 3 aerosols shall be permitted not more than 6 fect (1 829 rn~n)above the finished floor.
For S1: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 square foot = 0.0929m1. a. The lotal quantity shall not exceed 1.000 pounds net weight in any one I , 100-squar-e-footretail display ai-ex. b. Per 25,000-squars-foot retail display area. c. Minimum Onlinary Hazard Group 1- wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system throughoul thc rctail salcs occupancy.
)
2806.3 Aerosol display and norn~almerchandising cxcecding 8 feet (2438 m n ~high. ) Aerosol display and mcrchandising exceeding 8 feet in height shall be in accordance with Sections 2806.3. I through 2806.3.3.
2. Whcn theciisplay arca is protected in accordance with Tnblcs 6.3.2.7(a) through 6.3.2.7(1) of NFPA 30B. storage of aerosol products in combustible cartons is allowed.
2806.2.4 Retail display automatic sprinkler system. When an automatic sprinkler system is required for the protected retail display of aerosol products. the wet-pipe automatic sprinkler systcrn shall be in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The niinimum systcrn design shall be for an Ordinary Hazard Group 2 occupancy. The system shall be provided throughout the rctail display area.
3. The design area for Level 2 and 3 aerosols shall extend not less than 20 feet (6096 nim) beyond the Level 2 and 3 aerosol display and merchandising areas. 4. Where ordlnary and high-temperature ceiling sprink l e r s y s t e m s a r e a d j a c e n t to c a c h o t h e r , noncombustible draft curtains shall be installed at the interface.
2806.3.3 Separation of Level 2 and 3 aerosol areas. Separation of Levcl 2 and 3 aerosol areas shall comply with the following: 1. Levcl 2 and 3 aero\ol display and mcrchandiqing areas shall be separated froni each othcr by not less than 25 feet (7620 rnm). Also see Table 2806.2.1. 2. Le~iel2 and 3 aerosol display and merchandising areas shall be separated froni fla~nmablcand conlbustible liquids storage ant1 display areas by one or a combination of the following: 2.1. Segregating areas from cach othcr by horizontal distance of not less than 25 fcet (767-0 mm). 2.2. Isolating areas f r o m cach other by a noncombustible partition extending not less than 18 inches (457 rnm) abovc the mcrchandise. 2.3. In accordance with Section 2806.5. 3. When Item 2.2 abovc is used to separate l.,cvcl 2 or 3 aerosols from ila~nmableor con~bustibleliquids. and the aerosol products are located within 25 fcct (7620 mm) of flammable or comhustiblc liquids, thc arca below the noncombustible partition shall be licluid tight at the floor to prevent spilled liquids from flowing beneath the aerosol products. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
AEROSOLS
1 2806.4 Maxinloni quantities in storage areas. Aerosol prod-
2. Longitudinal flue spaccs-Nominal 6-inch ( 152 mm) longitudinal flue spaces shall be niai~ltained.
ucts in storagc areas adjacent to retail display areas shall not cxceed the quantities in Table 2806.4.
2806.5.6 Horizontal barriers. Horizontal barriers const~uctedof minimum "/,inch-thick (10 mm) ply\vood or minimum 0.034-inch (0.086 mm) (No. 22 gagc) shcct metal shall be provided and located i n accordance with Tablc 7.4.1 and Figure 7.4.1 of NFPA 30B when in-rack spritlklcrs are installed.
2806.5 Special protection design for Level2 and 3 aerosols adjacent to flammable and combustible liquids in double-row rachs. The display and merchandising of Level 2 and 3 aerosols adjacent to flammable and conibostible liquids in double-row racks shall be in accordance with Sections 2806.5.1 through 2806.5.8 or Section 2806.3.3.
2806.5.7 Class I, 11, 111, IV and plastic commodities. Class I, 11,111. IV and plartic commodities locatcd adjacent to Level 2 and 3 aerosols shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 13.
2806.5.1 Fire protection. Fire protection for thc display and merchandising of Level 2 and 3 aerosols in double-row racks shall be in accordance with 'lhble 7.4.1 and Figure 7.4.1 ofNFPA30B.
2806.5.8 Flammable and combustible liquids. Clziss 1,11, 111A and 111 B Liquids shall bc allowcd to be locatcd acijjacent to Level 2 and 3 aerosol products when thc following conditions arc met: 1. Class I, 11, IIIA and IIIB liquid containers: Containers for ClassI,II, IllA and IIIB liquids shall be lilnited to 1.06-gallon (4 )1, metal-relieving and nonrelieving style containers and 5.3-gallon (20L) ~netal-relieving style containers. 2. Firc: protection for Class 1.11, lllA and U1B Liquids: Fire sprinkler protection for Class I. 11, IIIA and IIIB liquids shall bc in accordance with Chapter 31.
2806.5.2 Cartoned products. Level 2 and 3 aerosols dis) played or merchandised more than 8 feet (2438 m n ~ above the finishcd floor shall be in cartons. 2806.5.3 Shelving. Shelving in racks shall be limitcd to wile mesh shelving having unifo~rnopenings not more than 6 inches (152 mm) apart, with the openings comprising at lcast 50 pcrcent of the ovcrall shrlf area. 2806.5.4 Aisles. Racks shall be arranged so that aisles not less than 7'12 fect (2186 mm) wtdc arc maintained between rows of racks and adjacent solid-piled or palletized mcrchand~se. 2806.5.5 Flue spaces. Flue spaces in racks shall colnply with the following:
SECTION 2807 MANUFACTURING FACILITIES 2807.1 General. Manufacturing facilities shall be in accordance with NFPA 30B.
1. Transverse flue spaces-Nominal 3-inch (76 mni) transverse flue spaces shall be maintained between merchandise and rack uprights.
TABLE 2806.4 MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTlTlES FOR STORAGE AREAS ADJACENT TO RETAIL DISPLAY OF LEVEL 2 AND 3 AEROSOLS ~
MAXIMUM --- NET -- WEIGHT PER FLOOR (POUNDS)
-!~ --/ u?se~arated..b~1 Not Allowed ... ~- -~
~
- . .
.
~~
.~~ .
noor
.
!?\enl~~,
-~
.-~-
..-~. .
.
---~/
-
~
.
.
. .
-
i-- -~tozse~~si?s_-.~
..-
Not Allowed
i .
.-
.~~ .~
~~
b~--_
~~
2,500
~
I
--
5.000 ~~~
~-
~
~
Upper FOLSI: I pound = 0.454 kg. 1 sqri;lre fool = 0.0929 m'. a. The aggl-sgate cluantity in sloragr a n d I-etnil display shnll not exceed the quantity liinits for 1.rtai1display b. lo any 50.00O-sc~i1nrc-~oot area.
. .
.--
I
f ' In
accordance with Sections
6.3.4.3 md 6.3.4.d~olNFPA 305 1 In accordance with Sections 16.3.4.3 and 5.3.4.4 of NFPA 3 0 K
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2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 29
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS SECTION 2901 GENERAL 2901.1 Scope. The equipment, proccsses and operations involving colnbustiblc fibers shall comply with this chapter. 2901.2 Applicability. Storagc of combustible fibcrs in any q~~antity shall coniply with this section. 2901.3 Permits. Pcrmits shall be rcquircd as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 2902 DEFINITIONS 2902.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chaptcr and as used elsewhcrc ill this code, have thc nicanings showri hercin. BALED CO'SI'ON. A natural secd fiber wrapped in and securcd with industry-acceptedmatcrials, usually consisting of burlap, wovcn polypropylene, polycthylcne or cotton or shcct polyethylene. and secured with steel. synthetic or wire hand?. or wire; also includcs linters (lint rcmoved from thc cottonseed) and motes (residual materials from theginning process).
BALED COTTON, DENSELY PACKED. Cotton, made into bandcd bales, with a packing density of at least 22 pounds per cubic h o t (360 kglm'); and dimensions complying with the ii)llowing: a lensth of 55 inches (1397 mm), a width of 21 inches (533.4 mm) anda height of 27.6 to 35.4 inches. (701 to 899 mm).
COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Rcadily ignitable and frce-burnI ing rnaterials in a fibrous or shredded form, such as cocoa fiber, cloth, cotton, excelsior, hay, hcrnp, henequen. istle. jute?ltapoli, oakum, rags, sisal, S p ~ n i s hmoss, straw, tow7:wastepaper, certain synthetic ribers or other like materials. l'his dctinition docs not includc dcnsely packed baled cotton.
SEED COTTON. Perishable raw agricultural commodity consisting of cotton fiber (lint) attached to thc seed of the cotton plant, which rcquires ginning to becornc a coinmercial product.
SECTION 2903 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 2903.1 Use of romb~istiblereceptacles. Ashcs, wastc, rubbish or sweepings shall not be placed in wood or other comh~lstible rcceptades and shall be rcrnovcd daily from thc sti-ucture. 2903.2 Vegetation. Grass or weeds shall not bc allowcd to accunlulatc at any point on the premises. 2903.3 Clearunce~.A minimum cluarance o f 3 feet (914 mm) shall be niaintaincd bctwcen auto~naticsprinklcrs and the top of pilcs. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE^
2903.4 Agricultural products. Hay, straw. secd cotton or similar agricultural products shall not be stored adjacent to strnc- I tures or conibustiblc materials unlcss a clcar horizontal distance cqual to thc hcight of a pile is ~naintainedbetwcen such storngc and structures or conibustiblc materials. Storage shall bc limited to stacks of 100 tons (91 metric tons) cach. Stacks shall be separatcd by a minimum of 20 i'ect (6096 rn~n) of c l c a space. Quantities of hay, straw. seed cotton and other I a,vricultural procl~~cts shall not be limitcd whcrc stored in or near fann structures located outsidc closely built arcas. A permit shall not bc required for agricultural storagc. 2903.5 Dust collcction. Whcre locatccl within a building. equipment or machinery which generates or emits uolnbustihle fibers shall bc providcd with an approved dust-collecting and exhaust system. Such systems shall conlply with Chapter 13 and Scction 5 1 I of thc f~ztet~~tatio~ztrl Mc~ch~inicill C'oclc,. 2903.6 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable t'irc extinguishers shall bc provided in accordance with Section 906 as required for cxtra-harard occupancy protection us indicated in Table 906.3(1).
SECTION 2904 LOOSE FIBER STORAGE 2904.1 General. Loose combustible fibers, not in suitable bales or packages and whether housed or in the opcn. shall not be stored within 100 fect (30 480 mni) of any structure. cxcept as indicated in this chapter. 2904.2 Storage of 100 cubic feet or less. Loosc co~nbustible fibers in cluantitics of not morc than 100 cubic fcet (3 m3) located in a structure shall be stored in a nlctal or metal-lincd bin ecluippcd with a self-closing cover. 2904.3 Storagc of nlorc than 100 cubic feet to 500 cubic fccct. Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 100 cubic fcet (3 m y but not excecding 500 cubic fcct (14 m3) shall be stored in rooms cnclosed with I -hour firc-rcsist;~ncc-ratcdfirc barricrs, with openings protccted by an app~.ovcdopening protective assembly having a fire protcction rating of '/* hour, conBuilding Code. structcd in accordance with the Itriert~c~~ional 2904.4 Storage of more than 500 cubic feet to 1,000 cubic feet. Loosc conlbustible fibcrs in quantitics exceeding 500 cubic fect ( I 4 m3) but not cxcceding 1,000 cubic fcct (28 m') shall he stored in rooms enclosed with 2-hour firc-resistance-ratcd fire barricrs, with openings protected by an approved opening protcctive assembly having a firc protection rating of hours, and constructed in accordance with the Intesiznrional Bliildirlg Code. 2904.5 Storagc of more than 1,000 cubic fect. Loosc combustible fibers in quantities cxcccding 1,000 cubic fcet (28 m", shall be stored in rooms cncloscd with 2-hour fire-resisLance-rated fire barricrs, with opcnings protcctctl by an approved opening protcctivc asscmbly having :I tirc protection
Color profile: Ccncric CMYK p r i n t e r profile
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COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS
rating of I ' I , hours, and constructed in accordance with the Irrfpi.t7rrtionnl R~~ilu'i~zg Code. The storage room shall be protccted by an auto~uaticsprinkler systeminstalledin accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2904.6 Detached storage structure. A maxiinmn of 2,500 cubic feet 170 m3) of loose combustible fibers shall be stored in a dctachcd structure suilably located. with openings protected against entrance of sparks. The structul-e shall not he occupied for any other purpose. SECTION 2905 BALED STORAGE 2905.1 Bale size and separation. Baled c o n ~ h ~ ~ s t ifibers ble shall bc limited to single bloclis or piles not more than 25,000 cubic Sect (700 n?) in volume, not including aisles or clearances. Blocks or pilcs of baled fiber shall bc separated from adjacent storage by aialcs not less than 5 feet (1.524 mm) wide, or by Sl;~sh-firebarriers constn~ctcdof continuous sheets of noncon~bustiblcmaterial extending From the floor to a minimum hcight of 1 foot (305 mm) above the highest point of the piles and prqjecling not less than I foot 1305 mrn) beyond the sides ol' the piles.
2905.2 Special baling conditions. Sisal and other fibers ill hales hound with comhustiblc tie ropes, jute and other fibers that swell whcn wct. shall be stored to allow for expansio~~ in any direction without aCSecting building walls, ceilings or colclearance of 3 feel (914 mm) shall bc umns. A 1ninin~~1111 required bctwccn walls and sides of piles, except that whel-ethe storage compart~ncntis not more than 30Seet (9144 mni) wide, thc minimum clearance at side walls shall be I foot (305 mm), provided that a center aisle not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) wide is ~naintaincd.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
23-ifc-2006.prn M:\data\COnES\2006 I-Codes\Fire\Final V P ~ C h g o \ 2 3 ~ i f c - Z 0 0 6 . ~ Thursday, December 01. 2005 1:57:00 PM
CHAPTER 30
COMPRESSED GASES SECTION 3001 GENERAL.
3001.1 Scope. Storagc, use and handling of comprcssed gases in cornprcssed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall conlply with this chapter, including thosc gases regulated elscwhcre in this code. Partially full compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks containing residual gases shall be considered as fill1 for thc purposcs of the controls required. Exceptions: 1 . Gases used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (scc Scction 606). 2. Comprcssed natural gas (CNG) for use as a vehicular fuel shall comply with Chaptcr 22, NFPA 52 and the I~lrernc~tiontrl Fuel Gns Codr.. Cutting and wcldiiig gascs shall also coinply with Chapter 26.
chargcd pressure anci arc cntirely gaseous at a tcmpcrnturc of 68°F (20°C).
2. Liquefied compressed gascs are gascs that, in a packaging under thc charged pressure, are partially liquid at a tcrnperature of 68°F (20°C). 3. Compressedgases in solution are nonliqueficd gases that are dissolved in a solvcnt. 4. Comprcssed gas mixtureh consist of a rnixturc of two or more compressed gases contained in a packaging. thc hazard properties of which arc rcprescnted by the properties of the mixture as a whole.
COhlPRESSED GAS CONTAINER. A prcssurc vcsscl designed to hold comprcssed gascs at pressurcs grcater than one atmosphere at 68°F (20°C) and includcs cylinders. containers and tanks.
Cryogenic fluids shall also conlply with Chapter 32. Liquefied natural gas for- use as a vehicular fuel shall also comply with NFPA 57 and NFPA 59A.
COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. An asseinbly of equipmcnt designcd to contain, distribute or t~.ansportconipresscd gases. It can consist of a conipresscd gas containcr or containcrs. reactors and appurtenances, including punlps, compressors and connecting piping and tubing.
Compresscd gascs classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chaptcr 27 for general requirements and chapters addressing spccific hazards, including Ct~apters35 (Flammable Gascs), 37 (I-Iighly Toxic and Toxic Materials), 40 (Oxidizers) and 4 1 (Pyrophoric).
NESTING. A method of securing flat-bottomed compresscd gas cylinders upright in a tight mass using a contiguous three-point contact systeni whereby all cylinders within a group have aminimum of threc points of contiict with other cylindcrs, walls or bracing.
LP-gas shall also comply with Chapter 38 and the Iiztenzatiorlcll F~lelGas Codc.
3001.2 Permits. Permits shall be rcquircd as set forth in Section 105.6. SECTION 3002 DEFINITIONS
3002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for thc purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this codc. have the meanings shown hercin. COMPKESSED GAS. A material, or mixh~reof materials which: 1. Is a gas at 68°F (30°C) or less at 14.7 psia ( I 0 1 itPa) of pressure; and 2. IHas a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) which is either liquefied, nonliquefied or in solution, cxcept those gases which havc no other health01. physical-hazard propcrtics are not considered to bc comprcsscd until the pressure in the packaging excecds 41 psia (28 kPa) at 68°F (20°C). Thc states of o conlprcssed gas arc categorized as follows:
1. Nonliquefied compresscd gases are gases. other than those i11 solution. which arc In a packaging under the 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 3003 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3003.1 Containers, cylinders and tanks. Coinpresscd gas containers, cylinders and tCmksshall co~nplywith this scction. Compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks that arc not designed for refillable use shall not bc refillcd after use of the original contents. 3003.2 Design and construction. Con~pressedgas containcrs. cylinders and tanks shall bc dcsigncd. fabricatccl, tested, marked with the specifications of manufacture anti ~i~aintaincd in accordance with I-egulations of DO'Tn 49 CFR, Parts 100- 178 or the ASME Boiler and Pr.e.~.suraIkssel Code, Section VLII. 3003.3 Pressure relicldevices. Prcssurc rclief dcvices shall be in accordance with Sections 3003.3.1 through 3003.3.5. 3003.3.1 Where required. Pressure relief dcviccs shall be provided to protect containers. cylinders and tanks containing compresseci gases from ruptwc in the cvc11t of ovcrpressure. Exception: Cylinders, containcrs and tanks whcn cxempt from the require~ncntsfor prcssurc relicf dcviccs specified by the standards of dcsign listcd in Scction 3003.3.2.
COMPRESSED GASES
3003.3.2 Design. Pressure relief dcviccs to protect containcrs shall be designed and provided in accordance with CGA S-I . l , CGA S- 1.2, CGA S- 1.3 or the ASME Boiler ~ m t i P,z..cs~tr-eI.'c..s.sel Code, Section VIII. as applicable. 3003.3.3 Sizing. Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated and to material specific recluircrnents as applicable.
3003.5.2 Physical protection. Comprcsscd gas containers. cylinders. tanks and systems which could be cxposcd to physical damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other approved means shall he provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage and shall comply with Sccti011 3 12.
3003.3.4 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall bc arranged to discharge upward and unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent any impingement of escaping gas upon the container, adjaccnt struct~tresor personnel.
3003.5.3 Securing compresscd gas containers, cylinders and tanks. Compressed pas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be secured to prevent falling caused by contact, vibration or seismic activity. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall bc by one of thc following methods:
Exception: DOTn specification containers having an internal volume of 30 cubic feet (0.855 m3) or less.
1. Securing containers, cylindcrs and tanks to a fixed object with one or more restraints.
3003.3.5 Freeze protection. Pressure relief devices or vent piping shall be designed or locatcd so that moisture cannot collcct and freeac in a manner that would interfere with the operation of thc device.
2. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks on a cart or other mobile device designed for the movement of compressed gas containers, cylinders or tanks.
3003.4 Marking. Stationary and portable compresscd gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be marked in accordance with Scctions 3003.4.1 through 3003.4.3. 3003.4.1 Stationary compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks. Stationary compressed gas containcrs, cylinders and t'mks shall be marked with thc name of the gas and in accordance with Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6. Markings shall be visible from any direction of approach. 3003.4.2 I'ortable containers, cylinders and tanks. Portable compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be marked in accordance with CGA C-7. 3003.4.3 Piping systems. Piping systcms shall be rnarkcd in accordance with ASME A1 3.1. Markings used for piping systems shall consist of the content's narnc and include a direction-of-tlow mrow. Markings shall bc provided at cach valve: at wall, floor or cciling penetrations; at cacli change of direction; and at a minimum of every 20 fcet (6096 nim) or fraction thereof throughout the piping ~ u n . I . Piping that is dcsigned or intendcd to car137 more than onc gas at various times shall havc appropriate signs or markings postcd at the manifold, along the piping and at each point of use to provide clear identification and warning. 2. Piping within gas manufacturing plants. gas processing plants, refineries and similar occupancics shall be marked in an approved manner.
3003.5 Security. Conlpressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordancc with Sections 3003.5.1 through 3003.5.3. 3003.5.1 Security of areas. Areas used for the storage, use and handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systcms shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in an approved manncr.
3. Nesting of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks at container filling or servicing facilities or in seller's warehouses not accessible to the public. Nesting shall be allowed provided the nested containers, cylinders or tanks, if dislodged. do not obstruct thc required means of egress. 4. Securing of compresscd gas containcrs, cylinder\ and tanks to or within a rack, framework, cabinet or similar assembly designed for such use.
Exception: Compressed gas containcrs, cylindcrs and tanks in the proccss of examination, filling, transport or servicing. 3003.6 Valve protection. Compresscd gas container, cylindcr and tank valves shall be protectcd from physical damage by means of protective caps, collars or similar devices in accordance with Sections 3003.6.1 and 3003.6.1. 3003.6.1 Con~prcssedgas container, cylinder or tank protective caps or collars. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks dcsignrd for protcctivc caps, collars or other protective devices shall have the caps or devices in place except when the containers. cylindcrs or tartks arc in use or are being serviced or filled. 3003.6.2 Caps and plugs. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks daigned for valvc protection caps or other protective devices shall have the caps or dcviccs attachcd. When outlet caps or plugs are installed, they shall be in place. Exception: Compressed gas containcr5, cyli~ldcrsor tanks In usc, being serviced or being filled. 3003.7 Separation from hazardous conditions. Con~l,rcssed gas containers. cylinders and tanks and systc~usin storage or use shall be separated from materials and conditions which pose exposure hazards to or from cach other. Compresscd gas containers. cylindcrs. tanks and systems in storagc or usc shall be separated in accordance with Sections 3003.7.1 through 3003.7.10. 2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
COMPRESSED GASES
3003.7.1 Inconipatible niaterinls. Co~npresbedgas containers, cylindcrs and tanks shall be sepa~atedfro111 each othcr bascd on the hazard class of thcir contents. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be separated from incompatible materials in accordance with Section 2703.9.8.
3003.8 Wiring and equipment. Electrical wiring and cquipment shall comply with the ICC Electricul Code. Co~np~.csscd pas containers, cylinders, tanks :111d syslcms shall 1101. bc located whcrc they could become part of an clcctrical circuit. Coniprcsscd gas containers, cylindcrs, tanks and systenls shall not be nsed for electrical grounding.
3003.7.2 Combustible waste, vegetation and similar materials. Comhustiblc waste, vegetation and similar materials shall be kept a niinini~lrnof 10 feet (3048 mm) from comprcsxd gas container-s, cylinders. tanlts and systcms. A noncombustible partition, without openings or penetrations and extending not less than 18 inches (457 mni) above and to thc sides of the storage area is allowed in lieu of such distancc. Thc wall shall either be an independent structure, or thc exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area.
3003.9 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or removal of valves, pressurc-relicf dcvices or other compressed gas container, cylindcr or tank appurtenances shall bc pcrfomicd by trained personnel.
3003.7.3 I,edges, platforms and elevators. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall not be placed near clcvators, unprotected platform ledges or other areas where falling would result in compressed gas contain el.^, cylinders 01.tanks being allowed to drop distances exceeding one-half thc hcight of thc container. cylinder or tank. 3003.7.4 Temperature extremes. Compressed gas containers, cylindcrs and tanks, whether full or partially full, shall not be exposcd to artificially crcated high tcmperaturcs exceeding 125°F (52°C) or subambient (low) temperatures unlcss designed Cur- use undcr the exposed conditions. 3003.7.5 Falling objects. Compressed gas conkiiners. cylinders, tanks and systems shall not be placed in areas where they arc eap:~blcof being danlagcd by falling objects. 3003.7.6 Heating. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanlts, whether f~illor partially firll, shall not be heated by deviccs which could raise the surface te~nperatureof the container, cylinder or tank to above 125*F(52°C). Heating devices shall comply with the hrterilational Mechar~ical Code and the ICC Electrical Con%Approved heating methods involving temperatures of less than 125°F (52°C) are allowcd to be uscd by traincd pcrsonnel. Devices designed to maintain individual compressed ga?containers, cylinders or tanks at constant temperature shall be approved and shall be designcd to be fail safe. 3003.7.7 Sources of ignition. Open flariles and high-tcmperaturc deviccs shall not be used in a manner which crcates a hazardous condition. 3003.7.8 Expostare to chemicals. Compressed gas containers, cylinders. tal~lcsand systems shall not be cxposed to corrosivc chclnicals or fumes which could damage containers, cylinders, tanlts, valvcs or salve-protective caps. 3003.7.9 Exliausted enclosures. When exhausted cnclosures are providcd as a means to scgrcgate compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks from exposure hazards. such enclosurcs shall comply with thc requirements of Section 1703.8.5. 3003.7.10 Gas cabinets. When gas cabincts are provided as u mcans to scparate compressed gas containers, cylinders and t;irtks fsom cxposure hazards, such gas cabinets shall comply with the requirements of Scction 2703.8.6. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3003.10 IJnauthorized use. Compressed gas containcrs, cylinders, ranks and systems shall not bc used for any purpose othcr than to scrve as a vessel for containing the product which it is rlesigncd to contain. 3003.11 Exposure to fire. Compresscd gas containcrs, cylinders and tanks which have been cxposed to fire shall be removed from service. Containers, cylinders and tanlcs so removed shall be handled by approvcd q~ialificdpersons. 3003.12 Leaks, damage or corrosion. Lcaking, damaged or cylindcrs and tanks shall corroded compressed gas colitai~~crs. be removed from service. Leaking, damagcd or corrodcd compressed gas systems shall be replaced or rcpaii-cd in accordancc with the following: 1 . Compressed gas containers, cylindcrs and tanks which have been removed from service shall be handled in an approved manner. 2. Compressed gas systems which arc determined to he leaking, damagcd or corroded shall be rcpaired to a scrviceable condition or removcd from service.
3003.13 Surface of unprotected storage or use areas. Unless otherwise specified in Section 3003.14, cornpressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks are allowed to be stored or used without being placed under overhead covcr. To prevent bottom corrosion, containers, cylinders and tanks shall be protcctcd from direct contact with soil or uniniprovcd surfaces. The surrace of the area on which the containcrs arc placed shall bc graded to prevent accumulation of water. 3003.14 Overhead cover. Compressed gas contai~icrs.cylinders and tanks are allowed to bc stored or ~lscdin thc sun except in locations where cxtrenic tcmperatlircs prevail. Whcn cxtreme temperatures prevail, ovcrhcad covers shall be provided. 3003.15 Lighting. Approved lighting by natural or artiticial means shall bc provided. 3003.16 Vaults. Generation, compression, storage and dispensing equipment for comprcsscd gases shall bc allowed lo bc located in cither above- or bclo\v-gradc vaults complying w ~ t h Sections 3003.16.1 th~ough3003.16.13. 3003.16.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listcd by a nationally recognized testing laboralo~y. Exception: Where approved by thc firc codc official, below-grade vaults are allowed tu be constructed un sirc, provided that the dcsign is in accordance with the Irlterrzurional B ~ ~ i l d i nCbde g and that special inspections are conducted to verify strrucrural strength and co~~lplia~icc
COMPRESSED GASES
of thc installation with the approved design in accordance with Section I707 of the Jnternatio~zalBuildilrg Cocle. Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are constructed on sitc shall be prepared by, and the design shall bear the stamp of, a professional engineer. Consideration shall bc given to soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors. walls and lid; anticipated seismic forces: uplifting by ground water or flooding; and to loads imposed from above, such as traffic and equipment loading on thc vault lid.
3003.16.2 Design and construction. The vault shall cornplctely enclose generation, con~prcssion,storage or dispcnsing equip~nentlocated in the vault. There shall be no openings in thc vault enclosure cxcept those necessary for vault vcntilation and access, inspection, filling, emptying or venting of equiplnent in the vault. The walls and floor of the vault shall be constructed of reinforced concretc at least 6 inches (152 inm) thick. The top of an above-grade vault shall be constructed of noncombustible material and shall bedesigned to he weaker than the walls of thevault toensure that thc thrust of any explosion occurring inside thc vault is directed upward. The top of an at- or below-grade vault shall be designed to rclieve safely or contain the force of an explosion occurring inside the vault. The top and floor of the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading, including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and floor of a vault installed bclow gradc shall be dcsigned to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading. Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquake resistant, in accordance with the I~~terr'trtioi~ul Building Code.
3003.16.3 Secondary containment. Vaults shall be substantially liquid tight and thcre shall be no backfill within the vault. The vault floor shall drain to a sump. For premanufactured vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified as part of the listing provided by a nationally recognized testing laboratoiy. For field-erected vaults, liquid tightness shall bc certified in an approvcd manner. 3003.16.4 Internal clearance. There shall be sufficient clearancc within the vault to allow for visual inspection and maintenance of equiptneut in the vault. 3003.16.5 Anchoring. Vaults and cquipmcnt contained therein shall bc suitably anchored to withstand uplifting by groundwater or flooding. The design shall vcrify that uplifttng is prevented cven when equipment within the vault is empty. 3003.16.6 Vehicleimpact protection. Vaults shall be rcsisli~ntto dainagc from the impact of a motor vehicle. or vchiclc impact protection shall he provided in accordance with Scction 3 12. 3003.16.7 Arrangement. Equipment in vaults shall bc listed or approved for above-ground use. Where multiple vaults arc providcd, adjacent vaulth shall be allowcd to share a colnmon wall. Thc common wall shall be liquid and vapor tight and shall be dcsigncd to witl~standthc load imposed when the vault on either ~ i d of e the wall is tilled with water.
3003.16.8 Connections. Contleclions shall bc providcd to permit the venting of each vault to dilute. disperse and r s to personnel entering the vault. remove ~ ~ a p oprior 3003.16.9 Ventilation. Vaults shall be providcd with an exhaust ventilation system installed in accordance with Scction 2704.3. The ventilation system shall operatc continuously or be designed to operate upon activatibn of thc vapor or liquiddetection system. The system shall provide ventilation at a rate of not less than I cubic foot per minute (cfnl) per square foot of floor area [0.00508 tn3/(s . m')], but not less than 150 cfm L0.071 1n3/(s . m2)]. The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movenlent across all parts of the vault floor for gases having a density greater thanair and across all parts of the vault ceiling for gascs having adcnsity less than air. Supply ducts shall extend to withi113 inches (76 mm), but not more than 12 inchcs (305 mm), of the floor. Exhaust ducts shall extend to withi~l3 inchcs (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 niin) of the floor orcciling, for heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air gascs, respcctivcly. Thc exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with the hterrlatior~alMeciiar~icnlCode. 3003.16.10 Monitoring and detection. Vaults shall be provided with approved vapor and liquid detection systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor detcction systems shall sound an a l a n l when the system detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive liinit (LEL) or onc-half thc iinmcdiately dangerous to life and hcalth (ID1,H) concentration for the gas in thc vault. Vapor dctectors shall be located no higher than 12 inches (305 nl111)above the lowest point in thc vault for heavier-than-air gases and no lowcr than 17,inches (305 mm) below thc highcst point in thc vault for lighter-than-air gascs. Liquid detcction systems shall sound an alaml upon detection of any liquid, including water. Liauid detectors shall be located in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid detection systems shall cause a signal to bc sounded at an approved, constantly attendcd location within the facility sewed by thc tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor detection systcms shall also shut off gas-handling equiprnent in the vault and dispensers. 3003.16.11 Liquid removal. Means shall be prov~dedto recover liquid from the vault. Wherc a pump is used to meet this requircnlent. it shall not be per~nanentlyinstalled in thc vault. Electric-powered portable pumps shall be sultablc for use in Class I, Division 1 location\, as dcfincd in the ICC Elt>ctricnlCode. 3003.16.12 Relief vents. Vrent pipcs for ecluipmcnt in thc vault shall terminate at least 12 feet (3658 mln) abovc ground level. 3003.16.13 Accessway. Vaults shall be providcd with an approved personnel accessway with a miniinum dimension of 30 iilchcs (762 mm) and with apermanently affixed. nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be dcsigiled Lo bc nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not excecd 20feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the nced fol. proccdures for safe entry into cotlfined spaces shall be posted. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
COMPRESSED GASES
Entry points shallbc securcd against unauthorized entry and vandalism.
3003.16.14 Classified area. The interior of ;I vault containing a flanimablc gas shall be designated a Class I, Division 1 location, as defined in the ICC Electrical Code. SECTION 3004 STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GASES 3003.1 Upright storagc. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position. and all con~pressedgas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliqucfied gases, shall be storcd in an upright position with thc valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical.
Exceptions: 1. Compressed gas containers with a watcr volume less tllan 1.3 gallons (5 L,) are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position. 2. Cylinders, container? and tanks containing nonflammablc gases or cylinders. cor~tainersand tanks containing nonliquefied flanirriable gases. which have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes. 3004.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the rccli~irementsof this scction, illdoor and outdoor storagc of compressed gascs shall conlply wit11 thc material-spccific provisions of Chapters 3 1.35 and 37 through 34. SECTION 3005 USE AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES 3005.1 Co~npressedgas systems. Compressed gas systems and shall bc dcsigncd by shall be suitable for the use inte~~ded persons competent in such design. Compressed gas equipment, machinery and PI-vcessesshall be listed or approved.
3005.2 Controls. Co~npressedgas system controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or rcaction hystenls at other than the intended time. rate or path. .4utonlatic controls shall be designed to bc fail safe. 3005.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing. valves, fittings and prcssurc regulators, shall comply with this section and Chaptcr 27. Piping, tubing. pressure regulators. valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage. 3005.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall bc suitable fix the use intended and shall be accessible. Valve h:lndlcs or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be renlovcd or otherwise altered to prevent access. 3005.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall bc directed to an approvcdlocat~on.Venting shall c o ~ ~ ~wp ~l yt hthehzter-notional Mccl7arlic.aI Cotlr.. 3005.6 Upright use. Conlprcsscd gas containers, cylinders and tanks, cxccpt those designed for use in a horizontal position. ancl all comprcssed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliqueficd gases, shall he used in an upright posi2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
tion with the valve end up. An upright posititm shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrecs (0.80 rad) from [he vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position when the liquid phase is used shall not be prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied gas use.
Exception: Compressed gas containcrs, cylinders ant1 tanks with a water volume !css than 1.3 gallons (5 L) arc allowed to be used in a horizontal position. 3005.7 Transfec Transfer of gases betwecn containcrs. cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1 . Exception: Fueling of vehicles with comprcssed natul.al gas (CNG). 3005.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. lnflatable eyuipment, devices or balloons shall only be prcssurized or tilled with compressed air or inert gases. 3005.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to thc requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of ~0111pressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provirions of Chapters 31, 35 and 37 through 44. 3005.10 Handling. The handling of colnpresscd gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections 3005.10.1 and 3005.10.2. 3005.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containersl cylindcrs and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containcrs, cylindcrs or tanks are inovcd by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or dcvices shall be designed for the secure movcrucnt of containcrs. cylindcrs or tanks. Carts and trucks utilizcd for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall co~nplywith Section 2703.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of cornprcssed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be dcsigned so that the containers. cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking against each othcr or other surfaces. 3005.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressetl gas containcrs, cyli~idcrs and tanks unless provisions at timc of rl~anufacturchave been made on the container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs. SECTION 3006 MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS 3006.1 General. Compressed gases at hosl~italsand similar facilities intended for inhalation or scdation including, but not limited to, analgesia systcms for dentistry, podiatry, vcicrinary and similar uses shall corllply with this scction in addition to other rccluircmcnts of this chapter.
3006.2 Interior snpply Location. Medical gascs shall bc storcd in areas dedicated to the storagc of such gases without othcr storage or uses. Where containers of medical gascs in quanti-
COMPRESSED GASES
tics greater than the permit amount are located inside buildings, thcy shall be in a I -hour exterior room, a I-hour interior room or a gas cahinct in accordance with Scction 3006.2. l . 3006.2.2 or 3006.2.3.
of Section 2704.3 or 2705.1.9. When mechanical vcntilation is providcd, the systems shall be operational during such tiruc as the building or space is occupied.
3006.2.1 One-hour exterior rooms. A I-hour exterior room shall bc a room or enclosure separated frorn the remainder of the building by lire barricrs ~vitha fite-rcsistancc rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces \hall be self-closing smoke- and dmft-control assemblies having a fire protection rating of not less than I hour. Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall that is provided with at least two vents. Each vent shall not be lcss than 36 square inches (0.023 m2) in area. One vent shall bc within 6 inches (152 mm) of the flooi- and one shall be within 6 inches (152 mm) of the cciling. Rooms shall be provided with at least one automatic sprinkler to provide container cooling in case of fire. 3006.2.2 One-hour interior room. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for thc roonl, automatic sprinklers shall be installed within thc room. The room shall be exhausted through a duct to thc exterior. Supply and exhaust ducts shall be enclosed in a 1-hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the cxterior. Approved mechanical vcntilation shall co~nplywith the I17t~rricttional Mechmiic,al Code and be providcd at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot L0.00508 m3/!s . m2)Jof the area of the room. 3006.2.3 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in i~ccordaiicewith Section 2703.8.6 and the following: 1. The averagc kelocity of ventilation at the face of
acccss ports or windows shall not be lcss than 200 fcet per minute (61 rids) with a tninimilm of 150 fcet per rninutc (46 mds) at any point of the acccss port or window. 2. Connected to an exllaust system 3. lntcrnally sprinklcrcd.
3006.3 Extcl-iorsupply locations. Oxidi~erlnedical gas systems located on the extcrlor of a building with cl~~antities greater than the pcrmil amount shi~llbc located in accordance with Sect~on4004.2.1. 3006.4 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems including, but not limited to, distribution piping, supply manifolds. conncctio~is,pvcssure regulators and relief devices and valves. shall cornply with NFPA 99 and the gzncral provisions of this chaptcr. SECTION 3007 COMPRESSED GASES NOT OTHERWISE REGULATED 3007.1 General. Compressed gases in storagc or use not rcgulated by thc matcrial-specific provisions of Chapters 6, 3 1, 35 and 37 through 44, including asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gascs, shall coinply with this section in addition to other requircrl~cntsof this chapter.
3007.2 Ventilation. Indoor storagc and use arcas and storage bulldings shall be provided with mechanical cxhaust ventilation or natural ventilation in accordance with the requirements 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE
CODE^
CHAPTER 31
CORROSIVE MATERIALS SECTlON 3101 GENERAL
3101.1 Scope, The storagc and use of corrosive matcrials shall bc in accordancc with this chapter. Co~npresscdgases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storagc in Group S uccupancies complying with Section 2703.1 1. 2. Stationary storage battery systems in accordance with Section 608. 3. This chapter shall not apply to R-717 (ammonia) wherc used as a refrigerant i n n refrigeration system (sec Scction 606).
3101.2 I'er~nits.Permits shall bc required as set forth in Section 105.6. SECTION 3102 DEFINITIONS
3102.1 Definition. The following word ant1 tern1 shall, for the purposcs of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.
CORROSIVE. 4 chemical that causcs visible destn~ctionof, or irrevcrsible alterations in, living tissuc by chemical action at the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered co~rosive if. when testcdon theintact skin of albinorabbits by themethod described in DOTn 49 CFR 173.137, such cherr~icaldestroys or changes irrcvcrsibly the structure of the tissue at the point of contact followi~lgan exposurc pcriod of 3 hours. This tcrm docs not refer to action on inani~natcsurfaces. SECTION 3103 GENERAL REQUlREMENTS
3103.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Thc storagc and use of corrosive matcrials i n amounts not exceeding the 11laxirnu111allowable cpantity pcr control area indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701. 2703 and 3 101. 3103.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive rnaterials in ainounts cxcceding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with this chaptc~-and Chapter 27. SECTION 3104 STORAGE 3104.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of conosivc materials in amounts cxceedirlg thc maximum allowablc quantity per 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
control area indicated in Table 2703.1. I (2j, shall be i n accordance with Sections 1701, 2703,2704 and this chaptcr.
3104.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions oi Section 2704.12, floors in qtcirage arcas for corrosivc liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction. 3104.2 Outdoor storagc. Outdoor storage of corrosivc materials in amounts exceeding the maxinlum allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703,2704 and this chapter. 3104.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. Above-ground outside storagc tanks exceecling an apgrcgate quantity of 1,000 gallons (3755 L) of corrosi\~cliquid\ shall be p~ovidedwith secondary containment in accordance with Sect~on2704.2.2. 3104.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outcioor storage of corrosive matcrials shall not bc within 20 fcet (6096 mm) of buildi~lgsnot associatcd with the manufacturing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public allcys, public ways or means of egrcss. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or pcnetrations, and cxtending not less than 30 inches (761 n ~ m above ) and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distancc. The wall shall either hc an independent structure, or thc extcrior wall of the building adjacent to the storagc arca.
SECTlON 3105 USE
3105.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive matcri;rls in amounts exceeding the maximum allowablc quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Scctions 2701.2703.2705 and this chapter. 3105.1.1 Liquid transfer. Corrosive licluids shall he transferred in accordance with Section 2705. I . 10. 3105.1.2 Ventilation. When corrosive ~natcrialsarc dirpensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1 shall be provided. 311 05.2 Outdoor use. Thc outdoor use of corrosive rnatcrials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be iu accordance with Sections 2701. 2703, 2705 and this chaptcr.
3105.2.1 Distance from use to exposures. Outdoor use of corrosivc matcrials shall bc Located in accord;unce with Section 3 104.2.2.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 32
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS SECTION 3201 GENERAL 3201.1 Scope. Storage. use and handling of cryogeiiic fluids shall con~plywith this chapter. Cryogenic fluids classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27 for gencral rcquiremcnts. Partially full containers containing residual cryogenic fluids shall be considered as full for the purposes of the c ~ n t r o l srequired. Exceptions: I. Fluids used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606). 7,. Liquefied natural gas (LNG), which shall comply
with KFPA 59-4. Oxidizing cryogenic tluids, including oxygen, shall comply with NFPA 55. Flammable cryogenic fluids, including hydrogen, rnethanc and carbon monoxide, shall comply with NFPA 55. Inert cr-yogenic fluids, including argon, helium and nitrogen, shall comply with CGA P-18.
3201.2 Permits. Pcr~nitsshall be req~~ircd as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 3202 DEFINITIONS 3202.1 Definitions. Thc following words arid terms shall, for thc pu~yoscsof this chaptcr and as used clsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown herein. CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. A cryogenic vessel of any size used for the transportation. handling or storage of cnogcnlc tluids. CRYOGENIC FLUID. A tluid having n boiling point lower t11~1n-130°F (-89.9"C) i ~ t14.7 pounds per square inch atrnosphcre (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa). CRYOGENIC VESSEL. A prcssure vessel, low-pressure tank or atmosphcr-ictank designed to contain n cryogenic fluid on which venting, insulation. reirigeration or a combination of these is used in order to maintain the opcrating pressurc withiri the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase.
SECTION 3203 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3203.1 Containers. Containers employed for storage or use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Scctions 3203.1. I through 3203.1.3.2 and Chapter 27.
3203.1.1 Nonstandard containers. Containers. equipnicnt and devices which arc not in compliance with recognized standards for design and cotlstruction shall be approvcd upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for safe operation. 3203.1.1.1 Data submitted for approval. The following data shall be subrnittetl to the fire code ofticial with reference to the deviation from the recognized standard with the application for approval. I . Type and use of container, equipment or dcvicc. 2. Material to be stored. used or transported. 3. Description showing dimensions and materials used in construction.
4. Design preqsure, maximum operating prcssurc and test prcssurc. 5 . Type, sizc and sctting of prcssurc: relief dcvices.
6. Other data requested by Lhe fire code official.
3203.1.2 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall be built in accordance wi th the hzrer-r~a.rior~cc/ l?lri/iiirl~Code. Barrier materials and membranes used in connection with concrete, but not functioning structurally, shall be conipatible with the materials contained. 3203.1.3 Foundations and supports. Containers shall bc provided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations, or structural steel supports on firm concretc or masonry foundations. Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell. Foundations for horizontal containers shall be constructed to accommodate expansion and contractior~of the container. Foundations shall be provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat exchangers. 3203.1.3.1 Temperatun-eeffects. Whcn container foundations or supports arc sub-ject to cxposurc to tc~iiperaturcs below - 150°F (-1 01 "C), Lhc foundations or supports shall be constnictcd of materials to withstand the low-temperature effects of c~yogenicfluid spillage.
FI,ANINIAHLE CKYO(;ENIC FI,UID. A cryogenic fluid that is Ila~iimablein its vapor state.
3203.1.3.2 Corrosion protection. Porlions of containers in contact with foundations or saddlcs shall be painted to protect against corrosion.
[,OW-PRESSURE TANK. A storage tnnk designed to witlistand an internal prcssurc grcatcr than 0.5 pounds per square inch gaugc (psig) (3.4 kPa) but not grcatcr than 15 psig (1 03.4 I<Pa).
3203.2 Pressure relief devices. Prcssurc relief devices shall be provided in accordance with Sections 3203.2.1 through 3203.2.7 to protect containers and systems containing cryogenic fluids from rupture in thccvcnt of overpressu~.~. Prcssurc
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
1e11cfdevices shall be designed ~naccord:ince with CGA S- I. I . CGA S-1.2 and CGA S-1.3.
3203.2.1 Containers. Containers shall be provided with pressurc relicf deviccs. 3203.2.2 Vessels or equipment other than containers. Heat exchangers, vaporizers. insulation casings surrounding containers. vessels and coaxial piping systems in which liquefied cryogenic fluids could be trapped because of leakage from the primary container shall be provided with a prcssurc relief devicc. 3203.2.3 Sizing. Pressure rclief deviccs shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated. The relief device shall have sufficient capacity to prevcnt the maximum design pressure of the container or system from being exceeded. 3203.2.4 Accessibility. Pressure relief devices shall be locatcd such that they are providcd with ready access for inspection and repair. 3203.2.5 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on personnel, containers. cquiprnent and adjacent structures or to enter cncloscd spaces. Exception: DOTn-specified containers with an internal volumc of 2 cubic feet 10.057 m3) or Icss. 3203.2.6 Shutoffs between presslire relief devices and containers. Shutoff valvcs shall not bc installed between prcssure rclier deviccs and containers. Excewtion: A shutoff valve is allowed on containers cquippcct with multiple pressure-relief device installations where the arrangement of the valves provides the full requircd flow through the minimum number of recluired relief devices at all times. 3203.2.7 Temperature limits. Pressure relief devices shall not bc subjected to cryogenic fluid terrlperatures except when operating. 3203.3 Pressure rclief vcnt piping. Pressure rclief vent-piping systclns shall be constracted and arranged so as to remain functional and direct the flow of gas to a safc location in accordancc with Sections 3303.3.1 and 3203.3.2. 3203.3.1 Sizing. Pressure relief device vcnt piping shall have a cross-sectional area not less than that of the pressure relief devicc vent opening and shall be arranged so as not to restrict the flow of escaping gas. 3203.3.2 Arrangement. Pressure rclief devicc vent piping and drains in vcnt lines shall be arranged so that escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel. containers. equipmcnt and adjacent structures or enter cncloscd spaces. Pressure relief device vcnt iincs shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or rclnove moisture and condensation and prevcnt malfunction of the pressure relief dcvice because of freezing or ice accumulation. 280
3203.4 Marking. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be marked in accordancc with Sections 3203.4.1 through 3203.4.6. 3203.4.1 Identification signs. V~siblehazard identification signs in accordance with NFPA 704 shall bc provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryogenic fluids are stored, handled or used. 3203.4.2 Identification of contents. Stationary and portablc containers shall be marked with the name of the gas contained. Stationary abovc-ground containcrs shall be placarded in accordance with Scctions 2703.5 and 2703.6. Portable containers shall be identified in accordancc w ~ t h CGA C-7. 3203.4.3 Identification of containers. Stationary containcrs shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maximum allowable working prcssure with a permanent na~neplate.The nnmeplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with the ASME Boiler and PYL'SSIAYP Vessel Cocl~or DOTn 19 CFR Part 1. 3203.4.4 ldentification of container connections. Container inlet and outlet connections, liquid-lcvcl limit controls, valves and pressure gauges shall be identified in accordance with one of the following: marked with a p c m a nent tag or label identifying their fiinction, or idcntificd by a schematic drawing which portrays their function and dcsignates whethcr they arc conncctcd to the vapor or 11quid space of the container. Where a s c h e n ~ a t ~drawing c is providcd, it shall be attached to the containcr and maintained in a legible condition. 3203.4.5 Identification of piping systems. Piping systclns shall be ider~tificdin accordance with ASME A1 3.1. 3203.4.6 Idcntificatioll of emergency shutoff valves. E ~ ~ ~ e r g e nshutoff cy valves shall bc identified and the location shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign. 3203.5 Security. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordancc with Scctions 3203.5.1 through 3103.5.4. 3203.5.1 Security of areas. Containers and systc~nsshall be secured against unauthorized entry and safcguarcied in an approved manner. 3203.5.2 Securing of containers. Stationary containcrs shall he secured to foundations in accordancc with the hzterrznrionnl Building cod^. Portable containers subject to shifting 01-upset shall bc secured. Nesting shall bc an acceptable means of securing cont.1'IIlcrs. L
3203.5.3 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat exchangcrs and similar cqi~iprncntshall be anchored to a suitable foundation and its connecting piping shall be sufficiently flexible to provide for the effects of expansion and contraction due to tempcrature changes. 3203.5.4 Physical protection. Containers, piping, valves, pressure relief dcviccs, regulating equipmcnt and other appurtenances shall bc protected against physical darnage and tampering. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
3203.6 Separation from hazardous conditio~ls.Cryogenic containers and systcnis in storage or use shall be separated from materials and conditions which pose exposure hazards to or from each other in accordance with Sections 3203.6.1 through 3203.6.2.1. 3203.6.1 Stationary containers. Stationmy containers shall be separated from cxposure hazards in accordancc with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid contained and the minimum scpasation distances indicated in Table 3203.6.1. TABLE 3203.6.1 SEPARATION OF STATIONARY CONTAINERS FROM EXPOSUREHAZARDS -.. ~..~ . -~
.
j i.
EXPOSURE
..
-
,
~
~
/
( Buildings, regardless of constroction type
j
MINIMUM DISTANCE
.
!
!53t)
4
I
I I
.i Air inlakes .---..~. '
!
,.
-
1 .I
~
I
10
1
~
1
5
-1..
~ spublic .assembly . . II P l i ~ c of --
-
-
-
1 Conrbusliblcmnterivls such as paper, dry pass or dcb~is !leaves, weeds, . . .
.
-
.. .-
.
-
-
..-~
FOI SI:
..
-
I
1 loot = 304.8 m m
3203.6.1.1 Point-of-fill connections. Remote transfer points and fill connection points shall not be posit~oned closer to exposures than the minimum distances rcquired for stationary conlainers. 3203.6.1.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The surface of the area on which stationary containers are placed, including the surfacc of the area located below the point where connections are made for thc purpose of filling such containers. shall be compatible with the fluid in the container. 3203.6.2 Portable containers. Portable containers shall be separated froin exposure hazards in accordance with Table 3203.6.2.
r
TABLE 3203.6.2 SEPARATION OF PORTABLE CONTAINERS FROM EXPOSUREHAZARDS --
EXPOSURE -
-
-I
~-
~
--
~
oprnings~ -. .~
inekes
j-
I
Wall ~. -. *il
+-
. ..
---
.
-
!
-.
-
.I
I
. .~
Cornbustihlc rnntn-ials such as papo-,
For SI:
MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet) - -- -
1
Building exits -.-
I fool = 304.8 nrm
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1
1 10 ~
In accordance with Chanter 7-7
3203.9 Unauthorized use. Containers shall not be used for any purpose other than to serve as a vc'isel for containing the product which it is designed to contain. 3203.10 Leaks, damage and corrosion. Leaking. damaged or corroded containers shall be removcd from service. Leaking. damaged or corroded systems shall he replaced, repaired or removcd in accordance with Section 3203.8. 3203.11 Lighting. When required. lighting, including cnlergency lighting, shall bc providcd f u ~tlrc appliances and operating facilities such as walltways, control valves and gatcs ancillary to stationary containers.
SECTlON 3204 STORAGE 3204.1 General. S~orageof containers shall comply with this section. 3204.2 Indoor storage. Indoor storagc of containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3204-.2.1 through 3204.2.2.3. 3204.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions appllcable to the typc of fluid stored and this section.
.- ..
15
I
3203.8 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or re~novalof valves, pressure relief dcviccs or othcr container appurtenances, shall comply with Sections 3203.8.1 and 3203.8.2 and the ASME Boiler arzd Pres~ureVes.rel Code. Scction VIU or DOTn 49 CFR Part 1.
3203.8.2 Systems. Sclvicc and repair of systems shall be performed by trained personnel.
~
I
3203.7.2 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical gr-ounding. When electrical grounding and bonding is required. the syst a n shall comply with the ICC Elecij-iml Code. The grounding systcm shall he protected against corrosion, including corrosio~icaused by stray electric currents.
In accordance wit11 I1 Chapter 27 . i . -! I
-
3203.7.1 Location. Containers and aysterns shall not be located where they could become part of an clcctrical circuit.
3203.8.1 Containers. Containers that have been removed fsorn service shall be halldled in an a p p r o ~ c dmanner.
I
..
3203.7 Electrical wiring and ec]uiprnent. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the ICC Electrical cod^ and Sections 3201.7.1 and 3203.7.2.
1
15
l-~
.
I
-
11
50
1I
I Othcr ha~nrtlo~~s materials
.j-
i
3203.6.2.1 Surfaces bc~lcathcontaincrs. Containcrs shall be placcd on surfaces that arc compat~blcwith the fluid in the container.
3204.2.1.1 Containers. Stationary containers shall cormply with Seclion 3203.1. I
3204.2.1.2 Constnirtion of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the b~tertintlorzcrlBuildirzg C o d .
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
3204.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers shall hc vcntilatcd in accordance with the bztrr.nutioncll Merlicrnicul Code. 3204.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable containers shall comply with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid stored and Sections 3204.2.2.1 through 37,042.2.3. 3204.2.2.1 Containers. Portablc containers shall cornply with Scction 3203.1. 3204.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in portable containers stored indoors shall be stored in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accortlance with the Intenzutional Bz~ildirzgCode. 3204.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas shall bc ventilated MrcIznt~icalCode. in accordance with thc Ir~tc.r~~utiorzczl 3204.3 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of containers shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 3104.3.1 through 3204.3.2.2. 3204.3.1 Stationary containers. Thc outdoor storage of stationary containers shall comply with Section 3203 and this scction. 3204.3.1.1 Location. Stationary containers shall be locatcd in accordance with Section 3203.6. Containers of cryogciiic fluids shall not be located within diked areas containing other hazardous materials. Storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storagc is prohibited (sce Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the hztenzafioncll Fire Code on page v).
3204.3.1.2 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers located in areas subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or clcvated to prevent the containers from separating froin foundations or supports. 3204.3.1.3 Drainage. The arca surrounding stationary containers shall bc provided with a means to prevent accidcntal discharge of fluids from endangering personnel. containers, equipment and adjacent structures or to enter cnclosed spaces. The stationary container shall not bc placcd whcre spillcd or discharged fluids will bc rctained around thc container. Exception: Thcsc provisions shall not apply when it is detcrmined by the fire code official that the containcr does not constit~~te a hazard, aftcr consideratioli of special features such as cnishcd rock utilized as a heat sink, topographical conditions, naturc of occupancy, proximity to structures on the same or adjacent propcrty, and thc capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to bc stored. 3204.3.2 Portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable containers shall conlply with Scction 3203 and this scction. 3204.3.2.1 Location. Portable containers shall be locatcd in accordancc with Scction 3203.6.
3204.3.2.2 Drainage. The arca surrounding portable containers shall bc provided \\~itha Incalls to prcvcnt accidental discharge of fluids from cndangcring adjacent containers, buildings. equipmcnt or acijoininp property. Exception: These provision5 shall not apply whcn it is determined by the fire code official that the container does not constitute a hazard. 3204.4 Underground tanks. Underground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 3204.4.1 through 3204.5.3. 3204.4.1 Construction. Storage tanks for liqu~dhydrogcn shall be designcd and constructed in accordancc with ASME Boiler cmd P,z.ss~ire Ver\cl Code (Scction VIII. Division I) and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 3204.5. 3204.4.2 Location. Storage tanks shall bc locatcd outsidc in accordance with the following: 1. Tanks and associated equipmcnt shall be located with respect to foundations and supports of othcr 5tructures such that the loads carried by thc latter cannot bc transnlittcd to thc tank.
2. The distance from any part of the lank to the ncarest wall of a basement, pit, cellar or lot lirlc shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm). 3. A ininimum distancc of I foot ( 1 525 mm). shell to shell. shall bc maintained bctwecn underground tanks.
3204.4.3 Depth, cover and fill. Thc tank shall be buricd such that the top of the vacuum jackct is covcred with a minimum of 1 foot (305 mmj of earth and with concrctc a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick placed over the earthcn cover. Thc concrete shall extend a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) horizontally beyond the footprint of the tank in all directions. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations constnicted in accordancc with the bzten7utioizc~l Bui/(litzg Codr and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as sand. Exception: The vertical cxtcnsion of the vacuum jacket as required for service conncctions. 3204.4.4 Anchorage ant1 security. Tanks and systcms shall bc secured against accidental dislodgcrncnt in accclrdance with this chapter. 3204.4.5 Venting of underground tanks. Vent pipcs for underground storage tanks shall bc in occorda~lccwith Scctions 2209.5.4 and 3203.3. 3204.4.6 Underground liquid hydrogen piping. Underground liquid hydrogcn piping shall bc vacuum jacketed or protected by approved mcans and designed in accordance with this chapter. 3204.4.7 Overfill protection and prevention systems. An approvcd mcans or method shall be provided to prcvent the overfill of all storage tanks. 3204.5 Vacuum jacket construction. The vacuum jaclcct shall bc designed andconstructed in accordance with Section VIIl of ASME Boiler and Prr.s.rure Vessel Code and shall be designcd 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
to withstand the anticipated loading, includi~lgloading from vch~culartraftic. wherc applicable. Portions of the vacuum jacket irlstalled below grade shall bc designed to withstand anticipated soil, seisrnic and hydrostatic loading.
3204.5.1 Material. The vacuuni jacket shall be constructed of stainless steel or other approved corrosion-resistant material. 3204.5.2 Corrosion protectii~n.The \facuunl jacket shall be protcctcd by approvcd or listedcorrosion-resistant matcrials or an engineered cathodic protection system. Whcre cathodic protection is utilized, an approvcd maintenance schcdule shall be established. Exposcd componcnts shall be inspected at least twice a ycar. Maintenance and inspection cvents shall be rccordcd and those I-ecords shall be maintained on thc premiscs for a n1inimun1 of three years and made a~ailablcto the fire code official upon request. 3204.5.3 Vacuunl level monitoring. An approved mcthod shall be provided to indicate loss of vacuuin wit11i11the vacuuln jacket(s).
SECTION 3205 USE AND HANDLING 3205.1 General. Use and handling of cryogenic fluid containers and systems shall comply with Sections 3205.1.1 through 3205.5.2. 3205.1.1 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid systcms shall be suitable for thc usc intended and designed by persons competent in such design. Equipment. machinery nnd proccsscs shall be listed 01-approvcd. 3205.1.2 Piping systems. Piping, tubing, valvcs and joints and fittings conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with the material-specific provision5 of Sections 3201.1 and 3105.1.2.1 through 3205.1.2.6. 3205.1.2.1 Design and construction. Piping systems shall bc suitable for the use intended through the fill1 range of pressurc and temperature to which they will be subjected. Piping systems shall be designed and constructed to provide adcquate allowance for expansion, contraction, vibration, settlement and fire exposure. 3205.1.2.2 Joints. Jolnts on container piping and tubing shall bc threaded, welded, silver brazed or flanged. 3205.1.2.3 Valves and accessory equipment. Val\les and accessory equipment shall be suitable for thc intcnded use at the tenlperaturcs of thc npplicat~onand shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressurc at the minimum tcnlperat~lrcto which they will be subjected. 3205.1.2.3.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valvcs shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure relief devices. Shutoff valves shall be provided with access thereto and located as close as practical to the container. 3205.1.2.3.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be installed in piping containing cryogc~iicfluids wherc needed to limit Ihe volume of liq2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
uid discharged in the event of pipi~rgor equipment failure. Pressure relicf valvcs shall bc installed where liquid is capable of being trapped bctwccn shutoff-valves in the piping system (sce Scction 3203.2).
3205.1.2.4 Physical protection and support. P i p ~ n g1 systems shall he supported and protected from physical damage. Piping passing through walls shall bc protected from mechanical damagc. 3205.1.2.5 Corrosion protection. Above-ground piping that is subject to corrosion because of exposure to corrosive atrnoapheres. shall be constn~ctedof materials to resist the corrosive environment or otherwise protected against corrosion. Below-ground piping shall bc protected against corrosion. 3205.1.2.6 'resting. Piping systems shall be tested and provcn free of leaks after installation as required by thc standards to which they wcre designed and constn~cted. Test pressures shall not be less than 150 percent of the maximum allowable working prcssure when hydraulic testing is conducted or 1 10 percent when testing is conductcd pneumatically. 3205.2 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogcnlc tluids shall comply with the material-spccific provisions of Section 3201.1. 3205.3 Outdoor use. Outdoor use of cryoge~licfluids shall comply with thc material specific provisions of' Sections 3201 . l , 3205.3.1 and 3205.3.2. 3205.3.1 Separation. Distances from property lincs, buildings and exposure hazards shall comply with Scctio~i 3203.6 and the material spccific provisions of Scction 3201 . I . 3205.3.2 Emergency shutoff valves. .VIanual or automatic el~iergencyshutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of emcrgcncy. An clnergcncy shutoff valve shall be located at the sourcc of supply and at the point where the system enters the builtling. 3205.4 Filling and dispensing.Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 3205.4.i through 3205.4.3. 3205.4.1 Dispensing areas. Dispellsi~lgof cryogenic fluids with physical or health hauards shall he conducted I n appro1 cd locations. Dispensing indoors shall be conducted t e daccordance with thc Irlto-/zcrtior~iil in areas c o n s t ~ ~ ~ cin Building Code. 3205.4.1.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas wherc cryogc~iic tluids are dispensed shall bc ventilated in accorda~lcc with the requirements of thc I1zter7zntior1ulM ~ ~ c h ~ i ~ i i c ~ ~ l Code in R rnanncr that captures any vapor at the point o f generation. Exception: Cryogenic fluids that can be demonstrated not to crcate harmful vapors. 3205.4.1.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized fc>r filling or dispensing of cryogenic fluids sh;lll be designed and constrcrcted in accordance with Section 3205.1.2.
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
3205.4.2 Vchiclc loading and unloading areas. Loading or unloading arcas sh:~Il be conductcd In an approved manner in accordance with thc standards referenced in Section 3201.1. 3205.4.3 Limit controls. Liniit controls shall be provided to prevcnt overfilling of stationary containcrs during filling opcr~rions. 3205.5 Itandling. Handling of cryogenic containcrs shall comply wrth Scctions 3205.5.1 and 3205.5.2. 3205.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be moved using an approved method. Whcre cryogenic containcrs are ~novedby hand cart, hand truck or other mobilc device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the sccurc movcnlent of thc container. Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall bc dcsigned to provide a stable base for the commodities to bc transported and shall have a means of restraining containcrs to prevcnt accidental dislodgement. 3205.5.2 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall he transported in a closed condition. Containers designed for use at atmosphcric conditions shall bc transported with appropriate loose fitting covers in place to prevcnt spillage.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 33
EXPLOSIVES AND FlREWORKS SECTION 3301 GENERAL
3301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the possession, manufacture. storage, handling, sale and use of cxplosives, explosive rnaterials. fireworks and small arms ammunition. Exceptions: 1. The Arrned Forces of'thc United States, Coast Guard or National Guard. 2. Explo\ivcs in fonns prescribed by the official United Statcs P h a ~niacopoei'~.
3. Thc posscssion, storagc and use of small arms ammun~tion when packaged In accordance with IlOTn packaging requirements. 4. The posscssion, storage, and usc of not more than 1 pound (0.454 kg) of com~nerciallymanufactured spc~rtingblackpowdcr,20 pounds (9 kg) of smokeless powder anti 10,000 small arms primers for hand loading of small arms amrnunition for pcrsonal consurr~ption.
5. The use of explosive materials by fedcral, state and local regulatory, law enforcemet~tand fire agencies acting in their official capacities.
6. Special industrial cxplosive devices which in thc aggrcgatc contain lcss than 50 pounds (23 kg) of cxplosivc materials. 7. Thc p o ~ e s s i o n .storage and use of blank ~ndustrial-powcr load cartridges when packaged in accordance with I>OTn packaging regulations.
8. Transportation in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100- 178.
9. Itenls preempted by federal regulations. 3301.1.1 Explosive material standard. In addltion to the requirements of this chapter. NFPA 495 shall govern thc ~nanufacture,transportation. storage, sale, handling and use of' cxplosivc matc~'ialj. 3301.1.2 Explosive material terminals. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, the operation of explosive material terminals shall conform to the provisions of NFPA 498. 3301.1.3 Fireworks. l'he possession, manufacture. storage, sale, handling and use of fireworks are prohibited. Exceptions: 1 . Storagc and Ilandling of fircworks as allowed in Section 3304.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
2. Manufacture, assenlbly and testing of rireworlcs as allowed in Section 3305. 3. Theuse of fireworlcs for display as allowcd in Section 3308. 4. The posscssion, storage, salc, handling :~nduse of specific types of Division 1.4G fireworks where allowcd by applicable laws, ordirianccs and regu- 1 lations, provided such fireworks comply with, CPSC 16 CFR, Parts 1500 and 1507, and DOTn 49 CFR, P'uts 100-17 5 , for consumer fircworks.
3301.1.4 ltocketry. The storage, handling and usc of 111odcl and high-power rockets shall comply with thc rcyuircn~cntz of NFPA 1 122. NFPA 1 125. and NFPA 1 127. 3301.1.5 Alnmoniu~nnitrate. The rtoragc and handling of ammonium nitrate shall comply with the rcquiremcnt5 of NFPA 490 and Chapter 40. Exception: Storage of ammonium ~litratcin magazines with blasting agents shall comply with thc requirements of NFPA 495. 3301.2 Pcrinit required. Pcnnits shall bc required as sct lorth in Section 105.6 and regulated in accordancc with this section. 3301.2.1 Residential uses. No person shall keep or store, nor shall any permit be issued to keep or storc, any explosives at any place of habitation, or within I00 fcet (30 480 mm) thcreof. Exception: Storage of smokcle\s propellant, blacli pow der. and small arms primcrs for personal use and not for resale in accordance with Scction 3306. 3301.2.2 Sale and retail display. No person shall construct a retail display nor offer for sale explosivcs, explosive materials, or fireworks upon highways, sidewalks, public property, or in Group A or E occupancies. 3301.2.3 Pennil restrictions. The fire code official is authorizcd to limit the quantity of cxplosives, cxplosivc materials, or fireworks pernlittedat a given location. No person, possessing a p e ~ m i tfor storagc of explosives at any place, shall kcep or storc an amount grcatcr than a~rthori7.cd in such permit. Only the kir~dof explosive spccificd in such a permit shall be kept or stored. 3301.2.4 Financial responsibility. Bcforc a permit is issued, as required by Section 330 1.2, thc applicant shall filc with thc jurisdiction a c o ~ ~ o r asul-ety te bond in the principal sum of $100,000 or apublic liability insurancc policy for thc same amount, for the purpose of the paymcnt of all damages to persons or propcrty which arisc from, or are caused by, the conduct of any act authorized by thc pertnit upon which anyjudicial jodgmcnt results. Thc fire code official is authorized to specify a greater or lcsseramoutlt when, in his or her
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
opinion, conditions at thc location of use indicate a greater or lcsser amount is rcquircd. Government entities shall bc cxcrnpt from this bond requirement.
3301.2.4.1 Blasting. Before approval to do blasting is issued, the applicant for approval shall filc a bond or submit a certificate of insurance in such form, amount and coverage as deterrnincd by the legal dcpartment of the jurisdictio~ito be adcquatc in each case to indemnify the ~urisdictior~ against any and all damages arising from pcrmittcd blasting. 3301.2.4.2 Fireworks display. Thc permit holder shall furnish a bond or certificate of insurance in all amount dccnled acicquate by the fire code official for the payment of all potcntial damages to a person or persons or to propcrty by reason of the permitted display, and arising from any acts of the permit holder, the agent, einployees or subcontractors.
shall not be under the iiifluence of alcohol or drugs which impair sensory or motel. skills, shall be at lcast 7- 1 years of age, and shall demonstrate knowledge of all safcty preca~rtions related to the storage, handling or use of explosives. explosive tnaterials or fireworks.
3301.5 Supervision. Thc fire code official is authorized to require operations pcrnmittcd undcr thc provisions of Sectio~l 3301.2 to be supervised at any time by the fire code official in order to determine compliance with all safcty and fire regulations. 3301.6 Notification. Whenever a new explosive material storage or manufacturing sitc is cstablished, including 21 telnporary job site, the local law enforcenlcnt agency, fire department, and local emergency planning cornmittcc shall be notified 48 hours in advance, not including Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, of the type. quantity and location of explosive matcri:lls at thc sitc.
3301.3 Prohibited explosives. Permits shall not be issued or rcnewcd for possession, man~rfacture,storage, handling, sale or use of thc following inaterials and such rnaterials currently in storage or use shall be disposed of in an approved nlanncr.
3301.7 Seizure. The fire code official is authorized to rcmove or cause to be removed or disposcd of in an approved nlanncr, at the expense of the owner, explosivcs, cxplosive materials or fireworks offered or exposed for sale. stored, possessed or used in violation of this chapter.
1. Liquid nitroglycerin 2. Dynamite containing more than 60-percent liquid explosive ingredient.
3301.8 Establish~nentof quantity of explosives and distances. The quantity of explosives and distances shall be in accordance with Sections 3301.8.1 and 3301.8. I . 1.
3. Tlynarnite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient undcr any conditio~isliable to exist during storage.
3301.8.1 Quarltity of explosives. The quantity-distance (Q-D) tables in Sections 3304.5 and 3305.3 shall he used to provide the minimum separation distances from potcntial explosion sites as set f o ~ t hin Tables 3301.8.1(1) through 3301.8.1(3). The classification and the wcight of the cxplosives are prin~arycharacteristics governing the usc of these tables. The net explosive weight shall be determined in accordance with Sections 3301.8. I . l through 3301.S.1.4.
4. Nitrocellulose in ;l dry and unconipresscd condition in a quantity greater than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of net weight in one package. 5. Fulminate of mcrcury in a d ~ condition y and fulminate of all other metals in any condition except as a component of manufactured articles not hcreinafter forbidden. 6. Explosive compositions that ignitc spontaneously or undergo mar-lad decomposition. rendering the products of their usc more hazardous, when subjected for 48 consccutivc hours or less to a teniperaturc of 167°F (75°C). 7. New cxplosivc n~atcrialcuntil approved by DO'Tn. except that permits are allowed to be issued to educational. governmental or industrial laborator~csfor instructional or research purposes.
8. Explosivc materials condcnlned by DOTn. 9. Explosive materials containing an ammonium salt and a chloratc. 10. Explosives not packed or marked as required by DOTn 49 CFR, Parts 100-178. Exception: Gelatin dyr~amitc. 3301.4 Qualifications. Person4 in charge of magazines, blasting. fircworl<sdisplay. or pyrotechnic special effect operations
3301.8.1.1 Mass-detonating explosives. The total net explosive wcight of Division I. 1, 1.2 or 1.5 cxplosives shall be used. Sce Table 3304.5.2(2) or Table 3305.3 as appropriate. Exception: When the TNT cquivalel~ccof thc explothe equivalence is sive material has been dete~~mincd, allowed to be used to cstablish the nct cxplosive weight. 3301.8.1.2 Nonmass-detonating explosives (excluding Division 1.4). Nonmass-detonating explosives shall he as follows:
I . Division 1.3 propellants. The total wcight of the propellants alone shall be the net cxplosivc wcight. The net wcight of propellant shall bc used. See Table 3304.5.2(3). 2. Combinations of bulk metal powder and pyl-otechnic compositions. The sum of the net weights ot metal powders and pyrotechnic compositions in the containers shall be the net explosive wcight. See Table 3304.5.2(3).
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
TABLE 3301.8.1(1) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION
---
1.1,1.2 AND 1.5 EXPLOSIVESa~b~c 7 7 -
!
1 1 3304._5:2(_2) ; 1 1
-
1
Table
1
Table 1 Public Traffic ) Route i 3304.5.212) , , ,
L -
IMD
Table
/
8
-.
-1
.
I
PTR
3 T
lLD or IPD
-
I
I
Table
1
.
~
I
1
I
.
~I
ILD "IPD .
I
~
I
T
I
1
?‘able PTR 3304.5.2(2) i . , ,
Table
~
. .
-
I IBD ~
1
NA
-
i
~
1
PTR ~~
T'IIII~
1
/
NA
I I
Table / 1. .3_i04..5:2(2) i 1
I
IBD
i-~-
1304.5.2(2) : . .. .,
1
PUBLIC
I
NA
_
_
~
~~
PTR
1
NA
.
J--
For S1: 1 h o t = 304.8 mm. a. The rninin~umsrpar:ltion distance (D,,) shall be a minimum of 60 feel. \%"herea building or magazine conmiidng e.xplosives is hal-ric~ided, rhi. minilnun1 dislance shall be 30 fcet. h. 1,incac.interpolation hetween t:ll)ular vnlues in the referenced Q-D tablcs shall not he allowed. Nonlinear interpolation of the values shall be allowed s111i;ect to an approved technical opinion and report prepared in accordance with Section 104.7.2. c. For definitiol~sof Quantity-Dislance abbreviations IRD. ILD. IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3302.1.
TABLE 3301.8.1(2) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION -
I
1.3 EXPLOSIVESa,b,C -
7 7 I ! INHABITED 1
PUBLIC TRAFFIC
T--~'
90!rE.j
1
1
? - D ~ ~ ~
Table
' '
Operating Building .
-
-
1 Inhabited / Building i
~
/ _
Public Traffic P
U
~
~
Table 3104.5.2(3) .. . .. Table
I L D or
1 -~3301..5.2(31-1
T
1
C
- -
~
TiabIe 3304.1.2(3)
I
i
1r~-.- PD.. 1 1 IBD / .
1
I
Table 3304.5.2(3) ILD or.IPD . ~ -. -; Table
,1 I
L..3304,5.2i?1 j
1
IBD ~
.
1
,
Table 1 3 3 ( ~ . 5 , 2 (.3 ).
.! ..~
,I
NA
.. I
~
-----
NA . .~--
.
!
Table
1
IBD ..
......-I
1
~
Table 3304.5.2(3) . .~ ..
----
~+--.
- -
NA .
.
11
PTR
~ - ~ -
11.
-
~
-
I
NA ~~
-~
~
-
For SI: I font = 3W.S rnnl. a. Tlie minimum separation d~slance(Do) shall be a minimun~of 50 feet. 11. Lincar interpolation between tabular values in the rel'erc~icrdQ-D tab!e shail be allowled. c . For delinitions of Quantity-Distance abbreviations IBD, 1LD. IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3302.1
TABLE 3301.8.1(3) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVESaxb," ___r--I-,
r-----~y I
ITEM
1
Magazine
1
MAGAZINE
/
;
I
I
1
Q-D
I
,
OPERATING BUILDING
1
INHABITED BUILDING
NA For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 Inni. a. The mi~iimumseparation distance in,,) shall be ;I minirnom of 50 l'eet. b. Linear interpola~ionbetween tabular vnlues in the referenced Q-D table sh;ill I I ~ he L ailowed. c. For detini~ionso f Quanti~y-Distanceabb~.evi:~tionsIRD. ILD, IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3-307.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
-1 1
I
I
Q-D
1
1
I
I
Q-D
NA
j
TRAFFIC ROUTE
NA
1
Q-D
NA
1
EXPLOSIVES A N D FIREWORKS
3301.8.1.3 Combinations of mass-detonating and nonnlass-detonating explosives (excluding Division 1.4).Combination of mass-detonating and nonmass-detonatin! explosives shall be as follows:
1. Whcn Division 1 . I and 1.2 explosives are located in the sanie site, determine the distance for the total quantity considered first as 1.1 andlhen as 1.2. The rcquircd distance is the greater of Ihc two. When the Division 1.1 requirements are controlling and the 'T'NT cquivalcnce of the 1.2 is known, the TNT equivalent weight of the 1.2items shall be allowed to be added to the total explosive wcight of Division 1 .I items to determine the nct explosive weight for Division 1.1 distance determination. See Table 3304.5.2(3) or Tablc 3305.3 as appropriate. 2. When Division 1.1 and 1.3 explosives are located in the sanie site? determine the distances for the total quantity considcrcd first as 1.1 and then as 1.3. The required distance is the greater of thc two. Whcn the Division 1.1 requirements are controlling and the TNT equivalence of the 1.3 is known, the TNTequivalent wcight of the 1.3 items shall be allowcd to be added to the total explosive weight of Division 1.1 items to determine the net explosive wcight for Division I .1 distance delermination. Sec Tablc 3304.5.2(2), 3304.5.2(3) o r 3305.3, as appropriate. 3. When Division 1 . I , I .2 and 1.3 explosives are located in the same site, determine the distances fhrthc total quantity considered first as 1. I, next as I .2 and finally as 1.3. The required distance is the greatest of the three. As allowed by paragraphs 1 and 2 above, TNT cquivalent weights for 1.2 and 1.3 items are allowed to be used to determine the nct weight of cxplosives for Division 1.1 distance determination. Table 3304.5.2(2) or 3305.3 shall be uscd when TNT equivalency is uscd to establish the net cxplosivc weight. 4. For composite pyrotcchnic items Division I. 1 and Division 1.3, the sum of the net weights of the pyrotcchnic composition and the explosives involved shall bc uscd. SecTables 3304.5.2(2) and 3304.5.2(3).
3301.8.1.4 RJodcrate fire- no blast hazards. Division 1.4 explosives. The total wcight of the explosive matcrial alonc is the net wcight. The nct weight of t l ~ cexplosive material hall hc used.
SECTION 3302 DEFINITIONS
3302.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used clsewhcre in this code. have the meanings shown hercin. AMMONIUM NITRATE. A chemical con~poundrepresented by the formula NII,NO,.
BARRICAIIE. A structure that consists of a combination of walls, floor and roof, which is designcd lo withstand thc rapid rclease of cnergy in an explosion and which is f ~ ~ lconfincd, ly partially vcntcd or fully vcnted: or othcr cffectivc method of shielding from explosive materials by a~iaturalor artificial barrier. Artificial barricade. An ar~iiicialmound or revetment a niininium thickness of 3 fcet (914 rnm). Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such as hilly, or timbcr of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine or building containing explosives whcn the trecs are bare of leaves. BARRICADED. ' n e effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from thc magazine or other building, railway, or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building co~itaining explosive malerials to the cave linc of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet (3658 mm) above the ccnter of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier. BLAST AREA. The area including the blast sitc and the immediate adjacent area within the influence of flying rock. missiles and concussion. BI,AS'T SITE. The area in which explosive~nater~als arc being or have been loaded and which includes all holes loaded or to be loaded for the same blast and a clistance of 50 Sect (15 230 mm) in all directions. BLASTER. A person qualified in accordance with Section 3301.4 to be in charge of and vesponsiblc for the loading and firing of a blast. BLASTING AGENT. A material or mixture consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting provided that the linislicd product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test detonator when unconfined. Blasting agents arc labeled and placarded as Class 1.5 lnaterial by US DOTn. BULLET RESISTAN'L: Constructed so az to rcsist pcnetration of a bullct of 150-grain M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 2,700 feet per second (fps) (824 mps) when fired from a 30-caliber rifle at a distance of 100 fcct (30 480 rnm), measured perpendicular to the target. DETONATING CORD. A flcxiblc cord containing a center core of high explosive used to initiate othcr explosives. 1)ETONATION. An cxotlierniic reaction characterized by the prcsence of a shock wavc in the material which establishes and maintains the reaction. The reaction zone progresses through the material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound. The principal heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detonations have an explosive effect. DETONATOR. A device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator shall not contain more than 154.32 grains (10 grams) of total explosives by weight, excluding ignition or dclay chargcs. The term includes, but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of insta~ltaneousand dclay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuses, detonating cord delay connectors, and noninstantnneous
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
and delay blasting caps which use dctonating cord, slaock tube or any other replacement for electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strc~igtlisthrough No. 8 cap should be rated at 1.5 pounds (0.68 kg) of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No. 8 cap, consult the manufacturer.
DISCHARGE SITE. The immediate arca surrounding the fircworks mortars used for an outdoor fireworks display. DLSPI,AIJ SITE. The immediate area where a fircworks display is conducted. The display arca includes the discharge site, the fallout arca. and the required separation distance from the mortars to spectator viewing areas. The display area does not include spectator viewing areas or vehicle parking areas. EXPLOSIVE. A chemical compound, m i x t ~ ~or r e device, the primary or comluon purpose of which is to function by explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, dynamite, black powder. pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses. squibs, dctonating cord, igniter cord, igniters anddisplay fircworks. 1.3G (Class BI Special). The tcrm "explosive" includcs any material determined to be withill the scope of USC Title 18: Chapter 40 and also includes any material classified as an explosive other than consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C. Common) by the hazardous materials regulations of DOTn 49 CFR. High explosive. Explosive material. such as dynamite. which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap whcn unconfined. Low explosive. Explosive material that will bur11or deflagrate whcn ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction that is less than thc speed of sound. Exa~nplesof low explosives include, but arc not limited to, black powder. safety fuse, iguiters, igniter cord, fuse lighters, fireworks, 1.3G (Class B special) and propellants, I .3C. Nlass-detonating explosives. Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 cxplosivcs alonc or in combination, or loaded into various types of ammunition or containers, most of which can be expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a small portion is subjccted to fire. severe concussion. impact, the impulse of an initiating agent, or the effect of a considerable discharge of cnergy from without. Materials that react in this manner represent a mass explosion hazard. Such an explosive will normally cause severe structural damage to adjaccnt objects. Explosive propagation could occur immediatcly to othcr items of aniniunition and explosives stored sufficiently close to and not adequately protected frorn the initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough so that two or more quantities must be considered as one for quantity-distance purposes. UNDOTn Class 1 explosives. The former classification system used by DOTn included the tcmis "high" and "low" cxplosives as defined herein. The following terms fi~rther define cxplosives under the current system applied by DOrn For all explosive matcrials defined as hazard Class 1 materials. Co~npatibilitygroup letters are used in concert with the Division to specify further limitations on each division noted. ( i t . , the letter G identifies the material as a pyro-
technic substance or article containing stance and sinlilar materials).
;I
pyrotechnic sub-
Division 1.1. Explosives that have a mass explosion liazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously. Division 1.2. Explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. Division 1.3. Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosioll hazard. Division 1.4. Explosives that pose a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to the package and no projection o f fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of thc pacltagc. Division 1.5. Very insensitive explosives. This division is comprised of substances that have a mass explosion hazard but which are so insensitive that thcrc is very Iittlc probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under nornial conditions of transport. Division 1.6. Extre~nelyinsensitive articles which do not have n mass explosion hazard. This division is conapriscd of articles that contain only extremely inscnsitivc detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation. EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. The term "explosive" material means explosives, blasting agcnts, and dctonators. FALLOUT AREA. The area over which aerial shells are fired. The shells burst over the area, and unsafe debris and n~alfunctioning aerial shells fall into this area. The fallout area is [he location wherc a typical aerial shell dud falls to the g~-ound depending on the wind and thc angle of mortar placemcnt. FIREWORKS. Any composition or device for thc purpose of producing a visible or an audible cffecl for entertainment purposes by combustion, deflapration or deto~latio~i that rncets the definition of 1.4G fireworks or 1.3G fireworks as set forth herein. Fireworks, 1.4G. (Fol-merly known as Class C, Common Fireworks.) Small fireworks devices containing rcstrictcd amounts of pyrotechnic composi~iond e s i g ~ ~ eprimarily d to produce visible or audible effects by combustion. Such 1.4G fircworks which comply with the construction, chcmical composition and labcli~lgregulations of the DO'l'n for Fireworks, UN 0336, and thc I1.S. Consumcr Product Safety Con~missionas set forth in CPSC 16 CFK: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not explosive materials for the purpose of this code. Fireworks, 1.3G. (Formerly Class B, Special Fireworks.) Large fireworks deviccs, which are cxplosivc rnatcrials, intended for use in fireworks displays and dcsigncd to produce audible or visible cffects by combustion, dcflagration or detonation. Such 1.3G fircworl<sinclude, but arc not l i ~ n -
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
itcd to. firecrackers containing more than 130 milligrams (2 grains) of cxplosive composition. acrial shells containing more than 40 grams of pyrotechnic composition. and other display picccs which exceed the lin~itsfor classification as 1.4G fircworks. Such 1.3G fireworks, are also described as Fireworks, UN0335 by the DOTn.
FIREWORKS DlSP1,AY. A presentation of fircworks for a public or privatc gathering. HIGHWAY. A public strcet, public alley or public road. INHABlTED BUILDING. A building regularly occupicd in whole or in part as a habitation for people; or any place of religious worship, schoolhouse, railroad station, store or othcr structure wherc people are accusto~nedto assemble, cxcept any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacturc. transportation, storage or use of explosive materials.
materials. Operating buildings are separated from one anothcr with the use of intraplant or intralinc distances.
OPERATING LINE. A group of buildings, fr~ciliticsor workstations so a ~ a n g e das to pcrn~itperformance of the steps in the manufacture of an explosivc or in thc loading, asscmbly, ~nodificationand niaintenancc of ammunition or deviccs containing explosive materials. PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. Two or inore unmixed. commercially manufactured, prepackaged chemical substances including oxidizers. flammable liquids or solids, or similar substances that are not independently classified as explosivcs but which, whcn mixed or co~nbined.form an explosive that is intended for blasting. PKOXIMA'TE AUDIENCE. An audience closer to pyrotechnic devices than allowed by NFPA 1 123.
MAGAZINE. A building. structure or container, other than an opcrating building. approved for storage of explosivc materials.
PUBLIC TRAFFIC KOIJTE (PTR). Any public strcet, road, highway, navigable stream or passcngerrailroad that is uscd for through traffic by the general public.
Indoor. A portable structure, such as a box, bin or othcr container. constructed as required for Type 2 , 4 or 5 magazines in accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFK Part 55 so as to be fire resistant and theft resistant.
PYROTECHNIC COICIPOSITION. A che~nicalmixture that produces visible light displays or sounds through a self-propagating, heat-releasing chemical reaction which is initiated by ignition.
Type 1. A pcrmanent structure. such as a building or igloo, that is bullct rcsistant, tjrc rcsistant, thcft resistant, wcather resistant and ventilated in accordance with thc requirements of NFPA 495, NFPA 1 124, or DOTy 27 CFR Part 55.
PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFEC'L: A visible or audiblc effect for cntertainmcrit creatcd through the use of pyrotechnic materials and deviccs.
Type 2. A portablc or mobile structure, such as a box, skid-magazine, trailer or semitmilcr, constructed in accordance with the rcquiremcnts of NFPA 195, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55 that is tirc resistant, theft resistant, wcather rcsistant and ventilated. Jf used outdoors, a Type 2 n~agazincis also bullet resistant. Type 3. A fire-rcsistant. theft-resistant and weather-resistant "day box" or pol-table structure constructed in accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124, or DOTy 27 CFR Part 55 used for thc temporary storage of explosive materials. 1kpe 4. A permanent. portable or mobile structure such as a building, igloo, box, semitrailer or other mobile container that is fire rcsistant, theft resistant and weather resistant and constructed in accordance with NFPA 495. NFPA 1124, or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55. 'I'ype 5. A permanent, portablc or mobile structure such as a building, igloo, box, bin, t~u~lk, semitrailer, bulk trailer, tank trailcr, bulk truck, tank tl-uck or other mobilc container that is thcft resistant, which is constructed in accordance with NFPA 405. NFPA 1121, or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55. MORTAR. A tube from which fireworks shells arc fired into the air. NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). The weight of cxplosive material expressed in pounds. The nct cxplosive weight is the aggregate amount of explosive matcrial containcd within buildings, magazines, structures or portions thereof. uscd to establish quantity-distancc relationships. OPEKATlNG BULLDING. A building occupied in conjunction with the manufacture, transportation, or use of explosive
PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. A chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry. to produce visible or audible effects by combustion, deflagration or detonation. Such nchcrnical mixture predo~ninantlyconsists of solids capable of producing a controlled, self-sustaining and self-contained cxothcrmic chemical reaction that results in heat, gas sound, light or a combination of these effccts. Thc chemical reaction functions without external oxygcn. QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). The quantity of explosive material and separation distance relationships providing protection. These relationships are based on lcvcls of risk considered acceptable for the stipulated cxposurcs and are tabulated in the appropriate Q-D tables. The scparation distances specified afford lcss than absolute safety: Minimum separation distance (D,). The minimum scparation distance between adjacent buildings occupicd in conjunction with the manufacture, transportation. storagc or use of explosive materials where onc of the buildings contains cxplosive matcrials and the other building does ]lot. Intraline distance (ILD) or Intraplant distance (IPD). The distance to hc maintained between any two opcrating buildings on an explosives manufacturing site whcn at least one contains or is designed to contain explosivcs. or thc distance between a magazine and an opcrating building. Inhabited building distance (1BD). The mini~nurnseparation distancc between an opcrating building or n~agazinc containing cxplosive materials and an inhabited building or sitc bounda~y. Intermagazine distance (IMD). The n~inilnu~n separation distancc between magazines. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
KAJJJWAk'. A stcam. clectric or olhcr railroad or railway that carriers passengcrs for hire.
propcrty damage, shall bc reported to the fire codc official i mmcdiately.
READY BOX. A weathcr-resistant container with a self-closing or autoniatic-closing covcr that protects fireworks shells from burning debris. Tarpaulins shall not be considcrcd as ready hoses.
3303.5 Misfires. The pyrotechnic display operator or blaster in charge shall keep a record of all acrial shells that fail to fire or charges that fail to detonate.
SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. A shotgun, rifle or pistol cartridgc and any cartridge for propellant-actuated devices. This dciiiiition docs not include military ammunition containing bursting charges or incendiary, trace, spotting or pyrotechnic pro~ectilcs. SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. Small pcrcussion-sensitivc explosive charges, encased in a cap, used to ignite propellant powder. SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. Solid propellants. commonly referred to as smokeless powders, used in small arrlls ammunition, cannons, rockets, propellant-actuated devices and similar articles. SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. An cxplosivc powcr pack contailling an explosive charge in the form of a cartridge or construction devicc. The term includes hut is not linlikd to explosive rivets, explosive bolts, explosive charges for driving pills or studs, cartridges for explosive-actuatcd power tools and charges of cxplosivcs used in automotive air bag inflators,jct tapping of open hcarth f~lrnacesandjet perforation of oil well casings. THEFT RESISTAN'C Construction designcd to deter illegal entry into facilities for the storage of explosive materials.
3303.6 Hazard communication. Manufacturers of cxplosivc materials and fircworks shall maintain records of chemicals, chemical compounds and mixtures recluircd by DOL 20 CFR. Part 1910.1200, and Section 407. 3303.7 Safety rules. Current safcty rules covering the opcrati011 of magazines. as described in Section 3304.7. shall be posted on the interior of the magazine in a visible location.
SECTION 3304 EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS STORAGE AND HANDLING 3304.1 General. Storage of explosives and cxplosivc nlaterials, small amls ammunition, small arms primers, propellant-actuated cartridges and smokeless prope1l:lnts in magazines, shall comply with the provisions of this section. 3304.2 Magazine required. Explosives and cxplosivc matc~ials, and Division 1.3G fireworks shall be storcd in magazines constructed, located, operated and maintained in accordancc with the provisions of Section 3304 and NFPA 495 or NFPA 1 124. Exceptions: 1. Storage of fireworlcs at display sites in accordance with Section 3308.5 and NFPA 1 123 or NFPA 1 126.
SECTION 3303 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING 3303.1 General. Rccords of thc rcccipl, handling, use or disposal of cxplosivc materials. and reports of any accidents, thefts, or unauthorized activitics involving explosive niatcrials shall conform to the requirements of this section. 3303.2 Transaction record. Thc permittee shall maintain a record of all transactions involving rcceipt, rcmoval, usc or disposal of explosive materials. Such a record shall bc maintained for a pcriod of five years, and shall be furnished to the firc codc official for inspection upon request. Exception: Wherc only Division I .4G (consumer fireworlts) are handled, records need only be maintained for a pcriod of thrce years. 3303.3 Loss, theft or unauthorized reinovaJ. The loss, theft or unauthorized rcrnoval of explosive materials from a magazine or pcrmittcd facility shall be rcportcd to the firc codc official, local law enforcenlent authorities, and the U.S. Dcpartmer~tof Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms within 24 hours. Exception: I>oss of Division 1.4G (consumer fircworks) nced not be rcportcd to thc Burcau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. 3303.4 Accidents. Accidents involving the use of cxplosivcs, explosive materials and tircworlcs, which result in in.jurics or 2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
2. Portable or mobile magazines not cxcccding 120 square fect (1 1 m2) in arca shall not be required to coniply with the requircmcnts of thc I~zte~izatioczul Building Cotic.
3304.3 Magazines. Thc storage of explosives and cxplosivc materials in magaaincs shall con~plywith Table 3304.3. 3304.3.1 High explosives. Explosivc matcrials classified as Division 1.1 or 1.2 or fc)rmerly classified as Class A by thc U.S. Department of Transportation shall be storcd in Q p e 1. 2 or 3 magazines. Exceptions: 1. Black po\vdcr shall be stored in a Typc 1-3,3 or 4 magazine. 2. Cap-sensitive explosive material that is demoustratcd not to bc bullct sensitive, shall be storcd in a Type 1.2, 3 , 4 or 5 magazine.
3304.3.2 Low explosives. Explosive materials that arc not cap scnsitive shall bc storcd in a Type 1,2, 3 , 4 or 5 magazine. 3304.3.3 Detonating cord. For quantity and distance purposes, dctonating cord of 50 grains pcr foot shall bc calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds (4 kg) o f high explosives per 1>000fect (305 m). Heavier or lighter core loads shall be rated proportionally.
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
TABLE 3304.3 STORAGE AMOUNTS AND MAGAZINE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS, 1.36 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA v----.. - .
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~
-~ ~-~
MAGAZINE TYPE REQUIRED
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.-I
For SI: I pound = 0.454 kg. I pound per galloil = 0.12 kg per liter. I ouncc = 18.35 g. a. .4 factor of 10 pounds per pi1011 shall be used for convciting pounds (solid) to gallons (liquid) ill accordance with Section 1703.1 2. h. Bliich powder sh;~llbe slorcd in n Type 1, 2. 3 or 4 (nagmine as pl.ovided lor in Section 3304.3.1.
3304.4 Prohibited storage. Detonators shall be stored in a separatc magazine for blasting supplies and shall not be stored in n maga7,ine with othcr explosive materials. 3304.5 1,ocation. The use of maga~incsfor storagc of explosivcs and cxplosive materials shall comply with Sections 3304.5.1 through 3304.5.3.3. 3304.5.1 Indoor magazines. The use of indoor magazines for stolagc of explosives and explosive materials shall comply with the requircincnts of this scction. 3304.5.1.1 Use. The use of indoor magazines for storage of cxplosivcs and cxplosivc materials shall bc limitcd to occ~rpanciesof Group F. H. M or S, and rcsearch and de\~eloprncntlaboratories. 3304.5.1.2 Construction. Indoor magazines shall comply with thc following constniction requirements: 1. Construction shall be tire resistant and theft resistant. 2. Exterior shall be painted red. 3. Base shall bc fitted with wheels, castcrs or rollers to l'acilitatc removal from the building in an emergency. 4. Lid or door shall be markcd with conspic~~ous white lettering not less than 3 inches (76 tnm) high and minitnuln ' I 2 inch (12.7 inm) stroke. reading EXPLOSIVES - KEEP FIRE AWAY. 5. Thc least horizontal dimension shall not exceed the clear width of the entrance door.
3304.5.1.3 Quantity limit. Not inorc than 50 pounds (23 kg) of explosives or explosive materials shall bc stolcd within an indoor magazine. Exception: Day boxcs used for thc storagc of in-process material in accordance with Section 3305.6.4.1. 3304.5.1.4 Prohibited use. Indoor nlagazines shall not be used within buildings containing Group R occupancies. 3304.5.1.5 Location. Indoor magazi~~cs shall be locatcd within 10 feet (3048 ~ n m )of an cntrance and only on floors at or having ramp access to thc cxterior grade level. 3304.5.1.6 Number. Not nlorc than two indoor Inagazines shall be locatcd in tlic samc building. Whcrc two such magazines arc located in the samc building. onc tnagazine shall be usctl solely for the storagc of not morc than 5,000 detonators. 3304.5.1.7 Separation distance. When two magazines arc located in the samc building, they shall be separated by a distance of not less than 10 fcct (3048 tnm). 3304.5.2 Outdoor magazines. All outdoor n~agazines othcr than 'Type 3 shall be locatcd so as to cu~nplywith Tdble 3304.5.2(2) or Table 3304.5.2(3) as set forth in Tables 3301.8.1(1) through 3301.8.1(3). Wherc a magazine or group of magazines. as described in Section 3304.5.2.2, contains diffcrent classcs of cxplosive inatcrials, and Division 1.1 materials are prcscnt, the required separations for thc magazinc or magazinc group as a whole shall comply with Table 3304.5.2(2). b
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
TABLE 3304.5.2(1) AMERICAN TABLE O F DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE lNSTlTUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a
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I
i
20
30
. i 4
I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE*
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
-
TABLE 3304.5.2('1)-continued AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVESAS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a !
/ QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE . MATERIALSC . . .. -
1
.~.
~~
-r---.......--
I!
I
"'STANCESINFFET
- -
..
I Public highways with traffic Public highways with traffic volume less than 3,000
1
volume greater than 3,000 vehicles per day and
-~~ -
1
1
!
~
~
~
.
1 I
1
~
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
~-~~
TABLE 3304.5.2(1)-continued AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSlVES ANDREVISED JUNE 1991" 7~ -- . . ~ - . ~ ~.~
~-
-
--
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i
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.
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.-
DISTANCES IN FEET
1
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-
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.
I
-
Public highways with traffic i Public highways with traffic volume greater than 3,000 , volume less than 3,000 I vehicles per day and 1
j
I
1
1 i
For S1: I foot = 304.8 min, I po1111d= 0.454 kg. a. This t:tblc applies oi11yto the munufacturc and permanectt slorage of corn~~~ercial ehplosivc matcrials. It is not applicable to trm~syorlationolekplosivcs or any 11:indling or lemporary storagc necessaly or incideiit thercto. It is not inteiided to apply to bombs, projectiles or o ~ h e helwily r encased explosives. b. Storage in cxccss of 300.000 p~~untls of explosive materials in orcc ~nagazineis not allowed. c. Where ;I manuractilri~igbuilding on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive niaterials, such huildi~igshall be locatetl with respect to its proxiniity lo inhahited buildings. public highways and passenger railways based on the maximum quantit) of explosive malerials pernii~tcdlo he in t1ieh11iIding;rt one timc. d. \Vhcrc twcl or more storage magazines are located on the samr property. cach lr~agazinesh:~llcoinply with the mi~rimumdistance sgccilied l'roni inhahited buildings, railways and liighways, and, in addition, they should be sepatnted from each othcr hy not less than the distances shown I h r scgarntioi~of maguil~ea,exLcpl that the quantity oScxplosi\~esindrtonator magazines shall gocern in regard to the spacing ofsaiddctonator magazinesfioln rnagx/.incs co~~taiiiinpotlicrcxplosive materi;lls. Where any two or nlore magazines are separated from cach other by less than the specified separation of magazines dislances, then two or more such n~ag:r/.ines.as a group, shall he consitfcred :IS one magazine, :lnd the total quantity oFrxplosive 111atc1 ii~lsstored in such group shall be treated as if st~)redi n asinglc magazine located on the site ofally niagazine ir? the group andshall cornply with theminilnron distwces spccitiedfrorn other magazines, inhahiled buildings, railways and highnays.
TABLE 3304.5.2(2) TABLE OF DISTANCES (0-D) FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSlVES-
DIVISION 1.3 MASS-FIRE HAZARDa*"'
For S1: 1 I)ot = 304.8 mln, I poinld = 0.454 Ikf :I. Rl;~cl<powdcl: whel~stored in nlagaziues, is detillcd as low cuplosive by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco 2nd I:irea~'n~s (BATF). h. h l r quil~~titics less than 1,000 pounds, thc recluircd distances arc t h o e specitied for 1,000 pounds. The use of lesser distances is alloxzed when supported I,y appl-ovcd test data andlor ;i~lalysis. c. IAncar inte~polationol'explosivc q~lantitiesbetween table entries is allowed.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSlVES AND FIREWORKS
TABLE 3304.5.2(3)
I, -- - - . ~ . . - -TABLE . . _ OF _ _DISTANCES _ p - p (Q-D) FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES -DIVISION
'
QUANTITY OF DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVES (NET ' EXPLOSIVES WEIGHT) 1 +
li
50
/
N o t Limited
1
-- - -
-
-
"
DIETANCE-S INFEET
-
?
I
L
I 100-
~
I
L
1.4 "
-
1
-
50~
.-
i
50
i
For SI: I foot = 304.8 Inm, 1 pound = 0.454 kz. a. A separation distance of 100 feel is required fill-buildings of other than Type I or Type 11 construction as defuned in the Itzrertz~~tinrrrrl Urtildi~lgC'odc. h. For earth-co\'ered magazines. no specified separation is required. I. Earth cuverrnaturial used for nlagazines shall be relatively cohesi] e. Solid orwct clay and siniilar types of suil are to coliesivc and shall not he used. Soil shall bc i ~ c horn e unsanitary organic matter, trash. debris and stones heavier than 10 pounds or larger than 6 inches In diamct~r.Conipaclion and surljcc preparation shall hc provided, as necessary, to rnaintain structural integrity and avoid erosion. Wherc cohesive materinl cannot he used, as in s;lndy soil. the earth cover over magnrines shall he linished with a suitablc material to ensure structural integrity. 2. The MI-thtill or cartli cover between earth-covered magazines shall be either solid or ssloped, in accordance with thc reqoircmcnts of other construction Sercturcs, but a nii~cirnu~r~ of 2 feet ofearth cover shall bemaintained over the top of each magazines. Toreduce erosion andfacilitate niaintenancc opcmtions. the cova- shall have a slope of 2 horizontal to I vertical. c. Kcstricled to :I)-tizlcs,inclutlinp articlcs packapt-d for shipment. that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau oCAlcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regul:~tic)ns, or unpacked articles used in process operations that do not propngnte a detotiation or detlagralion between a17icles.
3304.5.2.1 Separation. Where two or morc storagc magazines are located on the same property, each magazine shall con~plywith the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings. public transporkition routes and operating buildings. Magazines shall be separated from cach other by not less than thc interrnagazinc distanccs (IMD) shown for the separation of magazines. 3304.5.2.2 Grouped magazines. Wherc two or inore magazines are separated froin each other by less than the intcrmagazine distances (IMD), such magazines as a group shall be considered as one magazinc and thc total quantity of explosive materials stored in the group shall be trcatcd as if stored in a single magazine. The location of tlie group of maga7ines shall comply with the intermagazine distances (LMD) specified frorn other magazines or magazine groups, inhabited buildings (IBD), publrc transportation routes (PTR) and operating buildings (ILD or IPD) as reclu~red. 3304.5.3 Special requirements for Type 3 magazines. Typc 3 magazines shall comply with Sections 3304.5.3.1 through 3304.5.3.3. 3304.5.3.1 Location. Wherever practicable, Tjrpe 3 magazines shall he located away from neighboring inhabited buildings. railway\, highways. and other magazines in accordance with Table 3304.5.2(2) o r 3304.5.2(3) as ,tppl~cablc.
3304.6.1 Drainage. The ground around a magazinc shall bc graded so that water drains away from the magazinc. 3304.6.2 Heating. Magazines requiring heat shall bc hcated iis prescribed in NFPA 495 by either hot water radiant heating within the magazine or by indircct warn1 air heating. 3304.6.3 Lighting. When lighting is riecessaly within a magazine, elcctric safety flashlights or elcctric safety lanterns shall be used. except as provided in NFPA 495. 3304.6.4 Norlsparking materials. In othcr than Typc 5 magazines. there shall be no exposed ferrous mctal on the interior of a magazine containing packagcs of esplosivcs. 3304.6.5 Signs and placards. Property upon which Typc 1 magazincs and outdoor magazines of Types 2 , 4 and 5 are located shall be posted with signs stating: EXPLOSIVES KEEP OFF. These signs shall be of contrasting colors with a minimum letter height of 3 inches (76 mm) with a ~tliniinum brush stroke of 0.5 inch (12.7 nlm). The signs shall bc located to minimize the possibility of a bullct shot at thc sign hitting the magazine. 3304.6.5.1 Access road signs. At the entrance to cxplosive material manufacturing and storage sites. all access roads shall be posted with the following warning sign or other approved sign: DANGER! NEVER FIGHT EXPL,OSIVE FIRES. EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE CALL .
3304.5.3.2 Supervision. Typc 3 magazines shall bc attcnded when explosive materials are stored within. Explosive materials shall be rc1l1oved to appropriale storage 1nagazinc.s for unattended storage at thc end of the work day.
The sign shall bc wcathcr resistant with a reflcclivc surface and havc letteriug at least 2 inchcs (5 1 mm) high.
3304.5.3.3 Use. Not more than two Tjlpe 3 magazines shall bc located at the samc hlastir~gsite. Where twoType 3 magazines arc located at the same blasting site, one magazine shall uscd solcly for thc storage of detonator?.
3304.6.5.2 Placards. Typc 5 magazines containing Division I .5 blasting agents shall be promil~entlyplacarded as rcquired during transportation by DOTn 49 CFR, Part 172 and DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55.
3304.6 Construction. Magazines shall be constructed in accordance with Sections 3304.6.1 through 3304.6.5.2.
3304.7 Operation. Magazincs shall bc operated in accordance with Sections 3304.7.1 through 3304.7.9. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
3304.7.1 Security. Magazines shall be kept lockcd in the manncr prescrihcd in NFPA 495 at all timcs except during placcmenl or removal of explosives or inspection. 3304.7.2 Open flames and lights. Smoking, matchcs, flamc-producing devices, open flames, firearms and fireamls cartridges shall not be allowed inside of or within 50 feet (1 5 240 mm) of magazines. 3304.7.3 Brush. The area located around a magazinc shall be kept clear of brush, dried grass, leaves, trash, debris, and sim~larcombustible materials for a distancc of 25 fect (7620 111111). 3304.7.4 Combustible storage. Go~nbustible materials shall not be storcd within 50 feel (15 240mm) of magazines. 3304.7.5 Unpacking and repacking explosive materials. Containers of explosive mnlerials. except fiberboard containers, and packages of damaged or deteriorated explosive matcrials or fireworks shall not be unpacked or repacked inside or within 50 feet (15 230 mm) of a magazine or in closc proximity to other explosive materials. 3304.7.5.1 Storage of opened packages. Packagcs of explosivc materials that have bcen opened shall be closcd bcforc bcing placcd in a magazinc. 3304.7.5.2 No~isparkingtools. Tools used for the opcning and closing of packages of explosive materials, olhcr than metal slitters for opening paper, pla5tic or fiberboard containers. shall be made of nonsparking materials. 3304.7.5.3 Disposal of packaging. Empty containers and papcr and fiber packaging materials that previously contained explosivc rnatcrials shall be disposed of or reused in a appro~redmanner. 3304.7.6 'li~olsand equipment. Metal tools. other than nonferrous transfer conveyors and ferrous metal conveyor stands protected by a coat of paint. shall not be stored in a magazine containing evplosivc materials or dctonators. 3304.7.7 Contents. Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of explosive materials, blasting materials and blasting acccssorics. 3304.7.8 Compatibility. Corresponding grades and brands of explosivc matcrials shall be stored togcthcr and in such a manncr that the gradc and brand lnarlis arc visible. Stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted and checked. Packages of cxplosive materials shall be stacked in a stablemanncr not exceeding 8 fect (2438 mm) in height. 3304.7.9 Stock rotation. When explosive material is ~.einovcdfrom a niagazinc for use. the oldest usable stoclcs shall bu removed first. 3304.8 Maintenance. Maintcnance of magazines shall comply with Sections 3304.8.1 through 3304.8.3. 3304.8.1 Iiousekeeping. Magazine floors shall be regularly swept and be kept clean, dry and free of grit, paper, empty packages and rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not havc any spark-producing metal parts. Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposcd of in accol-dance with the manufacturers' approvcd instructions. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3304.8.2 Repairs. Explosi\le materials shall he rcmovcd from the magazine before making repairs to the interior of a magazine. Explosive materials shall be removed from thc magazine beforc malting repairs to the extcrior of thc n1ag;lzine where there is n possibility of causing a fire. Explosive materials removed from a magazineunder repair shall cither be placed in another magazine or placed a safe distance froin thc magazine, where they shall bc properly guarded and protccteduntil repairs have been completed. Upon completion of repairs, thc cxplosive materials shall bc pron~ptly returned to the ~nagazine.Floors shall bc cleaned beforc and after repairs. 3304.8.3 Floors. Magazine floors staincd with liquid shall be dealt with according to instructions obtaincd from the manufacturer of the explosive material storcd in the magazine. 3304.9 Inspection. Magazines containing cxplosivc materials shall be opencd and inspected at maximuin sevcn-day i n t w vals. The inspection shall determine whethcr thcl-chas been an i~nauthorizedor attempted entry into a magazinc or an unallthorized rclnoval of a magazine or its contents. 3304.10 Disposal of explosive materials. Explosive materials shall bc disposed of in accordance with Sections 3304.10.1 through 3304.10.7. 3304.10.1 Notification. The fire code official shall be notified immediately when dcteriorated or leaking explo5ivc materials are detcrrnined to be dangerous or unstable and in need of disposal. 3304.10.2 Deteriorated materials. Whcn an cxplosive material has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstablc or dangerous condition, or when a liquid has leaked from an explosivc matcrial, the person in possession of such material shall immediately contact the material's n~anufacturer to obtain disposal and handling instructions. 3304.10.3 Qualified person. The work of destroy~ng explosive materials shall be directed by pcrsons cxperienced in the destruction of cxplosive matcrials. 3304.10.4 Storage of misfires. Explosive matcrials and fireworks recovered from blasting or display misfires shall be placed in a magazine until an experienced person has determined the propcr method for disposal. 3304.10.5 Disposal sites. Sites for thc dcstruction of cxplosive materials and fireworlcs shall be approved and locatccl at the maximum practicable safc distance fro111 inhal>itcd buildings, public highways, operating buildings, and all other cxposures to ensure kecping air blast and ground vibration to a minimum. The location of disposal sitcs shall be no closcr to magazines, inhabited buildings. railways, highways and other rights-of-way than is allowed by Tables 3304.5.2(1), 3304.5.2(2) and .3304.5.2(3). Whcn possible, barricades shall be utilized betwecn the destruction sitc and inhabited buildings. Areas where explosives are detonated or burned shall be posted with adequate warning signs. 3304.10.6 Reuse of site. Unless an approvcd burning sitc has been thoroughly saturated with water and has passcd a safety inspection, 48 hours shall elapse betwecn the com-
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
pletion of a burn and thc placement of scrap explosive matehurn. rials -for a s~~bsequent
nianufacturing plant. at a distance not less than those shown i n Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3), as appropriate.
3304.10.7 Personnel safeguards. Once an explosive bum operation has been started, personnel shall relocate to a safc location where adequate protection from air blast and flying debris is providcd. Personnel shall not return to the bum area until the person in charge has inspected tlic burn site and determined that it is safc for pcrsonncl to return.
Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings separated in accordance with NFPA 1 124.
SECTION 3305 MANUFACTURE, ASSEMBLY AND TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS 3305.1 General. The manufacture, asscmbly and testing of explosives. ammunition, blasting agents and fireworks shall t sthis section and NFPA 495 or comply with the ~ q u i r e ~ n e nof NFPA 1124. Exceptions:
I . The hand loading of small arms ainmunitjon prepared for personal use and not offered for rcsalc. 2. Thc tnixing and loading of blasting agents at blasting sitcs i n accordance with NFPA 495. 3. The use of binary explosives or plosophoric rnatcrials in blasting or pyrotechnic special cffects applications in accordancc with NFPA 495 or NFPA 1126. 3305.2 Enlergency planning and preparedness. Emergency plans, cnicrgcncy drills, employee training and hazard communication shall conform to thc provisions of this scction and Sections 404.405,406 and 407. 3305.2.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Inventory Statements required. Detailed I-lazardo~~s Materials Managc~nent Plans (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements (HMIS) complying with the rcquire~ncntsof Section 407 shall be prepared and submitted to the local emergency planning comniittee. the fire code officiial, and the local tirc dcpartment. 3305.2.2 Maintenance of plans. A copy of the required HMMP and HMIS shall bc maintained on sitc and furnished to the tire codc official on request. 3305.2.3 Employee training. Workers who handle explosives or explosivc charges or dispose of explosives shall bc traincd in the hazards of the materials and processes in which they arc to be engaged and with the safety rules go\>crning such materials and processes. 3305.2.4 Emergency procedures. Approved emergency procedures shall be formulated for each plant which will i ~ ~ c l u dpersonal e instruction in any emergency that may be anticipated. All pcrsonncl shall bc made awatc of an enicrgcncy warning signal. 3305.3 Intraplant separation of operating buildings. Explosives manufacturing buildings and fireworks manufacturing b~~ildings, including those where explosivc charges are assernbled, manuf~icturcd.PI-cparcdor loaded utilizing Division 1 . I , I .2. 1.3, 1.4 or 1.5 explosives, shall be separated from all other buildings, including magazincs, within the confines of the
The quantity of explosives in an opcratirig building shall be the net weight of all explosives containcd thcrcin. Distances shall be based on the hazard division requiring the grcatcst separation, unless the aggregatc cxplosive wciglit is divided by approved walls or shields designed for that purpose. When dividing a quantity of explosives into smaller stacks, a suitable barrier or adequate separation distance shall be provided to prevent propagation from onc staclc to another. When distancc is used as the sole means of scparation within a building, such distance shall be established by tcstlng. Testing shall demonstrate that propagation between stacks will not result. Ban-icrs provided to protect against explosive effects shall be designed and installed in accordancc with approved standards.
C
3305.4 Separation of manufacturing operating buildings from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and magazines. When an opcrating building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive matcrials, such a building shall be locatcd away from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and magazines in accordancc with 'Tnble 3304.5.2(2) or 3304.5.2(3) as appropriate, based on thc maximum quantity of explosive rnatcrials permitted to be in the building at one time (see Section 3301.8). Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings constructed and opcrated in accordance with NFPA I 124. 3305.4.1 Determinationof net explosive weight for operating buildings. In addition to thc rccluirc~iientsof Section 3301.8 to determine tlle net cxplosive wcight for rnatcrials stored or uscd in operating buildings, quantities of explosivc rnatcrials stored in magazincs located at distances less than intraline distances from the operating building shall be added to the contents of the opcrating building to dctcrmine the net explosivc weight for the opcrating building. 3305.4.1.1 Indoor magazines. The storagc of cxplosivc materials located in indoor niagazincs in opcrating buiidings shall hc limited to a net explosive weight not to exceed 50 pounds (23 kg). 3305.4.1.2 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive weight less than 50 pounds. The storage of explosivc materials in outdoor magazines located at leas than intraline distances from operating buildings shall bc limited to a net explosivc weight not to excecd 50 pounds (23 kg). 3305.4.1.3 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive weight greater than 50 pounds. The storage of cxplosive materials iu outdoor inagazines in quantities exccedin& 50 pounds (23 kg) net cxplosive wc~ghtshall bc limited to storage in outdoor magazincs located not lcss than ~ntrali~ie distances fro111 thc operating building in accordance with Section 3304.5.2. 3305.4.1.4 Net explosive weight of materials stored in combination indoor and outdoor magazines. The 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
aggregate quantity oi' explosivt: rr~alerialsstored in any combination of indoor magazines or outdoor magazines locatcd at less than the intralincdistanccs from an operating building shall not exceed 50 pounds (23 kg).
3305.5 Buildings and equipment. Buildings or rooms that cxcceti the maximun~allowable quantity per control area of explosive materials shall bc operated in accordance with this section and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the blter~~utionul B u i l d i ~ rCode ~ for Group H occupancies. Exccption: Fircworlcs manufacturing buildings constructed and opcrotcd in accordance with NFPA 1 124. 3305.5.1 Explosives dust. Explosives dust sllall not bc cxl~austedto the atmosphere. 3305.5.1.1 Wet collector. When collecting cxplosives d ~ ~ sa twet , collector system shall be used. Wettlng agents shall be compatible with the explosives. Collector sys-
tems shall be interlocked with process power supplies so that the process cannot continue without the collector systems also operating.
3305.5.1.2 Waste disposal and maintenance. Explosives dust shall be removed from the collection chamber as often as necessary to prevcnt ovel.loading. Thc cntirc system shall be cleaned at a frequency that will eliminate hazardous concentrations of cxplosives dust in pipcs, tubing and ducts. 3305.5.2 Exhaust fans. Squirrel cage blowcrs shall not be used for cxhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gnses. Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans locatcd within the ductwork and through which hazardous malerials are exhausted. Motors shall be located outsidc the duct. 3305.5.3 Work stations. Work stations shall hc separatcd by distance, barrier or other approved alternatives so that
TABLE 3305.3 MINIMUM INTRALINE (INTRAPLANT) SEPARATION DISTANCES (ILD OR IPD) BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES - DlVlSlON 1.1,1.2 OR 1.5 - MASS EXPLOSION HAZARDa "NET .EXPLOSIVE -
WEIGfl,-
For SI: I h o t = 304.8 mln, I pound = 0.451 kg. a. Where a buildi~ugor magazine containing explosives is [lot barricaded, the intraline distances shown in this table shall he doubled.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
fire i n one station will not ignite matcrial in another work station. Where necessary, the operator shall be protected by a pcrsonnel shield located between thc operator and the cxplosive device or explosive matcrial being processed. This shield and its support shall be capable of withstanding a blast from the maximum amount of explosives allowed behind it. 3305.6 Operations. Operations involving explosives shall
co~rlplywith Sections 3305.6.1 through 3305.6.10, 3305.6.1. lsolatio~lof operations. When the type of mate-
rial and processing warrants, mechanical operations involving explosivcs in excess of 1 pound (0.454 kg) shall bc carried on at isolated stations or at intraplant distances, and machinery shall be controlled from remote locations behind barricades or at separations so that workers will be at a safe distancc while machinery is operating.
in any proccss building or area. All compositions not in current use shall he kept in covered nonfcnous containers.
Exception: Composition that has bccn loaded or prcssed into tubes or other containers as consumcr fireworks. 3305.6.Wosting limits. The maxi~numnumbcr of occu-
pants and maximum weight of pyrotechnic and cxplosivc coi~lpositionpermitted in cach process building shall he postcd in a conspicuous location in each process building or magazinc. 3305.6.10 Heat sources. Fireworks, explosivcs or explo-
sive charges in explosive materials manufacturing, assembly or testing shall not be stored ncar any sourcc of heat.
Exception: Approved drying or curing operations. 3305.7 Maintenance. Maintenance and repair of cxplo-
3305.6.2 Static controls. The work area where the screcn-
sives-manufacturing facilities and areas shall comply with Scction 3304.8.
ing, grinding, blending and other processing of static-sensitivc cxplosivcs or pyrotechnic materials is done shall be provided with approved static controls.
3305.8 Explosive materials testing sites. Detonation of
3305.6.3 Approved containers. Bulk explosivcs shall be
kcpt in approved. nonsparking containers when not bcing used or processed. Explosives shall not he stored or transported in open containers. 3305.6.4 Quantity limits. Thc quantity of explosives at any
particular work station shall be limited to that postcd on the load liniit signs - for the individual work station. The total quantity of explosives for multiple workstations shall not exceed that cstablishcd by the intraplant distances in Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3), as appropriate. 3305.6.4.1 Magazines. Magazines used for storage in
processing arcas shall be in accordance with the requircnients of Section 3304.5.1. All explosive materials shall be removed to appropriate storage magazines for unattended storage at the end of thc work day. The contents of indoor magazines shall be added to thc quantity of cxplosivcs contained at individual workstations and the total cluantity of material stored, processed or used shall be utilized to establish the intraplant separation distances indicated by Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3). as appropriate. 3305.6.5 Waste disposal. Approved receptacles with covers shall be provided for each location for disposing of wastc matcrial and debris. These wastc receptacles shall be cml.~ticdand cle:u~icdas often as necessary but not less than oncc cach day or at the end of cach shift. 3305.6.6 Safety rules. General safcty rules and operating
instructions governing the particular operation or process conductcd at that location sliall be available at each location. 3305.6.7 Personnel limits. Thc number of occupants in
each proccss building and in cach niaga7,inc shall not cxcced the number necessary for proper conduct of production operation<. 3305.6.8 Pyrotechnic and explosive composition quan-
tity limits. Not more than 500 pounds (227 kg) of pyrotechnic or cxplosive composition, including not more than 10 pounds ( 5 kg) of salutc powder shall be allowcd at one time
explosive materials or ignition of fireworks for testing purposes shall be done only in isolated areas at sites where distance, protection from ~nissiles,shrapnel or tlyrock, and other safeguards provides protection against injul-y to personnel or damagc to propcrty. 3305.8.1 Protective clothing and equipment. Protective clothing and equipment sliall be provided to protect persons engaged in the testing, ignition or detonation of explosive materials. 3305.8.2 Site security. When tests are being conducted or explosives are being detonated, only authorized persons shall be present. Areas where explosives are regularly or frequently detonated or burned shall be approvcd and postcd with aclequate warning signs. Warning devices shall bc activated before burning or detonating explosivcs to alcrt persons approaching from any direction that they are approaching a danger zone. 3305.9 Waste disposal. Disposal of explosive matcrials wastc
from manufacturing, assembly or t,esting operations shall bc in accordance with Section 3304.10.
SECTION 3306 SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION 3306.1 General. Indoor storage and display of black powdcr, smokeless propcllants and small arms ammunition shall cornply with this section and NFPA 495. 3306.2 Prohibited storage. Small arms anlmunition shall not be stored together with Division I . 1. Division 1.2 or Division 1.3 explosives unless the storage facility is suitable for the storage of explosive ~natcrials. 3306.3 Packages. Smokeless propcllants shall bc storccl in
approvcd shipping containcrs conforming to DOT11 49 CFR, Part 173. 3306.3.1 Repackaging. The bull
pi-opellants. black powder, and small arms pri~ncrsshall not bc perfo~medin retail establishments.
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
3306.3.2 Dalnagcd packages. Damagcd containers shall not be rcpackagcd. ISxception: Approvcd repackaging of damaged containcrs of sn~oltclcsspropellalit into containers of the same typc and sizc as tlic original containcr. 3306.4 Storage in Group R occupancies. The storage of small arrns ammunition in GI-oupR occupancies shall con~ply with Sections 3306.4.1 and 3306.4.2. 3306.4.1 Black powder and s~nokelesspropellants. Propcllants for personal usc in quantitics not cxceeding 20 pounds (9 kg) of black powder or 20 pounds (9 kg) of smokeless powdcr shall be stored in original containers In occupancies limited to Group R-3. S~nokelesspowder in quantities cxcceding 20 pounds (9 kg) but not cxceeding 50 pounds (23 lig) licpt in a wooden box or cabinet having walls of at least 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickuess shall be allowed to be storcd in occupancies limited to Group R-3. Quantities cxceeding thcse amounts shall not be stored in any Group R occupancy. 3306.4.2 Small arnis primers. No morc than 10.000 small arms primcrs shall be stored in occupancies limitcd to Group R-3. 3306.5 Display and storage in Group M occupancies. Thc display and storage of small arms anlnlunition in Group M occupancics shall comply with this section. 3306.5.1 Display. Display of small arms ammunition in Group M occupancies shall co~nply with Sections 3306.5. I. 1 through 3306.5.1.3. 3306.5.1.1 Smokeless propellant. No morc than 20 pounds (9 kg) ofsn~oltelesspropcllants, cach in containers of 1 pound (0.454 kg) or lcss capacity, shall be displayed in Group M occupancics. 3306.5.1.2 Black powder. No rnorc than 1 pound (0.454 kg) of black powder shall bc displayed in Group M occupancies. 3306.5.1.3 Sniall arms primers. No more than 10.000 small arms primcrs shall bc displayed in Group M occupancics. 3306.5.2 Storage. Storage of small arms ammunition shall comply with Scctions 3306.5.2.1 through 3306.5.2.3. 3306.5.2.1 S~nolielesspropellant. Commercial stocks of smokeless propellants $hall be storcd as follows: 1. Quantities excccding 20 pounds (9 kg). but not cxcecding 100 pounds (45 kg) shall be storcd in portable wooden boxes having walls of at lcast 1 ulch (25 mm) nominal thickness. 3. Quantitics excceding 100 pounds (45 kg), but not excccding 800 pounds (363 kg), shall be storcd in nonportable storage cabinets having walls at least I inch (25 mni) nominal thickness. Not more than 400 pounds ( 182 kg) shall bc stored in any onc cabinct, and cabinets shall be separated by a distance of at lcast 25 fcet (7620 mm) or by a fire partition having a firc-rcsistancc rating of' at least I hour. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3. Storage of quantitics cxcccding 800 pounds (363 kg), but not excccding 5,000 pounds (2270 kg) in a building shall coniply with all of thc following: 3.1. T h c w a r e h o u s e o r storage roo1n is unaccessiblc to unauthorized pcrsonncl. 3.2. Smokeless propellant shall bc storcd In nonportablc storage cabinet\ having wood walls at least I inch (25 mni) nominal thickness and having shclves with no morc than 3 feet ( 9 1 4 m m ) o r scparation between shclves. 3.3. No morc than 400 pounds (182 kg) is stored in any one cabinet. 3.4. Cabinets shall bc locatcd against walls of the storage room or warehouse with at least 4 0 feet ( I 2 192 mm) between cabinets. 3.5. T h e m i n i m u m r e q u i r e d s e p a r a t i o n between cabinets shall be 20 fcet (6096 mm) provided that barricades twicc the height of the cabincts are attached to the wall. midway betwcen each cabinet. The barricades must extend a minimum of 10 feet (3048 m m ) outward, bc firmly attached to the wall, and bc constructcd of stecl not less than 0.25 inch thick (6.4 mm). 2-inch (51 mm) nominil thickness wood, brick, or concrete block. 3.6. Smokeless propellant shall bc scparatcd from materials classified as combustible liquids. tlammable liquids, flami-nable solids, or oxidizing materials by a distance of 25 feet (7620 rnm) or by a firc partition having a fire-rcsistancc rating of 1 hour. 3.7. The building shall bc equippcd throughout with an automatic sprinklcr systcm installed ill accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 4. Snlokcless propcllants not storcd according to Itern I , 2, or 3 above shall be stol.ed in aTypc 2 or 1 magazine in accordance with Section 3304 and NFPA 495.
3306.5.2.2 Black powder. Commercial stocks of black powder in quantities less than 50 pounds (23 kg) shall be allowed to be storcd in Type 2 01. 4 indoor or outdoor magazines. Quantitics greater than 50 pounds (23 kg) shall bc stored in outdoor Typc 2 or 4 magazines. Whcn black powder and smolielcss propcllants arc storcd together in the sanle magazine. the total quantity shall not cxceed that permitted for black powder. 3306.5.2.3 Small arms primers. Com~ncrcialstocl<sof small anns primers shall be stored as follows: 1 . Quantities cxcecding 20 pounds (9 kg). but not excecding 100 pounds (45 Itg) sbnll bc stored in portable wooden boxcs having walls of at lcast 1 inch (25 mm) nominal thickncss.
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
2. Qui~nfitie5exceeding 750,000 sinall arms primers storcd in a building sh21llcomply with all ofthe following: 2.1. Thc warehouse or storagc building shall not bc accessible to unauthorized pcrsonnel. 2.2. Small ;u-~llsprimers shall bc stored in cabinets. No more than 200,000 small arms primers shall be stored in any one cabinet. 2.3. Shelves in cabinets shall havc vertical separation of at least 2 feet (610 mni). 2.4. Cabinets shall be located against walls of the warehouse or storage room with at least 40 feet (1 2 192 inm) between cabinets. The minimum requircd separation between cabinets shall be allowed to be reduced to 20 fect (6096 mm) provided that barricades twice the height of the cabinets are attached to the wall, midway betweeneach cabinet. The barricades shall be firmly attached to the wal! and shall bc coristructed of steel not less than '1, inch thick (6.4 mm), 2-inch ( 5 1 mm) nominal thickness wood, brick or concretc block. 2.5. Small arms primers shall bc separated from materials classified as combustible licluids, flammable liquids, flammable solids or oxidizing materials by a distance of 25 fect (7620 mm) by a fire partition having a fire-resistance rating of 1 hour. 7.6. The building shall bc protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 3. Small arms primers not stored in accordance with Item 1 or 2 of this scction shall be stored in a magazinc meeting thc requirements of Section 3304 and NFPA 495.
SECTION 3307 BLASTING 3307.1 Gcncral. Blasting operations shall be conducted only by approved. co~npetentoperators familiar with the required safety prccautions and thc hazards involved and in accordance with thc provisions of NFPA 495. 3307.2 Manufacturer's instructions. Blasting operations shall bc pcrformcd in accordancc with the instructions of the manufacturer of the explosive materials being used. 3307.3 Blasting in congested areas. When blasting is done in a congested area or in closc proximity to a structure, railway or highway. or any othcr installation. precautions shall be taken to mini~nizecarth vibrations anci air blast effects. Blasting mats or other protective mcans shall bc uscd to prevent fragments from being thrown. 302
3307.4 Restricted hours, Surface-blastir~goperations shall only be conducted during daylight hours. Othcr blasting shall be pcrformcd during daylight hours unless otherwise approved by the fire code official. 3307.5 Utility notitication. Whcnevcr blasting is being conducted in thc vicinity of utility lines or rights-of-way, the blaster shall notify the appropriate repsesentatives of thc utilities at least 24 hours in advance of blasting, specifying thc location and intended time of such blasting. Verbal notices shall be confirmed with written notice. Exception: In an emergency situation, the time linlit shall not apply when approved. 3307.6 Elcctric detonator precautions. Precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental discharge of clcctric detonators from currents induced by radar and radio transmitters, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust and snow storms, or other sources of extraneous electricity. 3307.7 Nonelectric detonator precautions. Precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental initialion of ~lonelectricdetonators from stray currents induced by lightning or static clcctricity. 3307.8 Blasting area securily. During the time that holes are being loaded or are loaded with cxplosivc materials, blasting agents or detonators, only authorized persons engaged in drilling and loading operations or otherwise aulhorized to enter thc site shall be allowed at the blast site. The blast sitc shall bc guarded or barricaded and posted. Blast site security shall be maintained until after the post-blast inspecti011has been completcd. 3307.9 Drill holes. I-loles drilled for the loading of explosive chasgcs shall be made and loadcd in accordance with NFPA 495. 3307.110 Removal of excess explosive materials. Aftcr loading for a blast is completed and hcfore firing, exccss cxplosivc mater~alsshall be rcmovcd from the area and returned to the proper storripc fac~lities. 3307.111 Initiation mcans. The initiation of blasts shall be by means conforming to the provisions of NFPA 495. 3307.12 Connections. The blaster shall supervise thc connccting of the blastholes and thc conncction of the loadlinc to the power source or initiation point. Conncctions shall bc nladc progressively from the blasthole back to the initiation point. Blasting lead lines shall remain shunted (shorted) and shall not be connected to the blasting machinc or othcr soul-ccof current until the blast is to be fired.
3307.113 Firing control. No blast shall be fired until thc blaster has made certain that all surplus explosive materials arc in a safe place in accordance with Section 3307.10, all persons and cquipme~ltare at a safe distance or under sufficient cover. and that an adequate warning signal has bccn given. 3307.14 Post-blast procedures. After the blast. the following procedures shall be observed. 1. No person shall return to the blast arcauntil allowed todo so by the blaster in chargc. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
2. The blaster shall allow sufficient time for smokc and f~11lmccs to dissipate and for dust to settle before returning to or approaching thc blast area.
3. The blaster shall inspect the entire blast site for misfires before allowing other persomiel to return to the blast area. 3307.15 Misfires. Where a misfire is suspected. all initiating circuits shall be traced and a search made for unexploded charges. Where a rnistirc is found, the blaster shall provide proper safegual-ds for excluding all personnel from the blast area. Misfires shall be reported to the blasting supervisor immcdiatcly. Misfires shall be handled under the direction of thc pcrsoii in charge of the blasting opcration in accordance with NFPA 495.
SECTION 3308 FlREWORKS DISPLAY
3308.1 General. The display of fircworks, including proximate auciicnce displays and pyrotechnic spccial effects in motion picture, television, theatrical, and group entertainment productions, shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 1123 or NFPA 1126. 3308.2 Permit application. Prior to issuing permits for a fireworks display, plaiis for the display, inspections of the display sitc and demonstrations of the display operations shall be approved. Aplan establishing procedures to follow and actions to be taken in the cvcnt that a shell fails to ignite in, or discharge from, a mortar or fails to function ovcr the fallout area or other malfunctions shall bc provided to the fire code official. 3308.2.1 Outdoor displays. In addition to the requirements of Section 403. permit applications for outdoor fireworks displays using Division 1.3G fireworks shall incli~dca diagram of the location at which the display will be conducted, including the sitc from which fireworks will be discharged; the location of buildings, highways, overhead obstructions andutilitics; and tllc lilies behind which the audience will be restrained. 3308.2.2 Proxin~atcaudience displays. Where the separation distances required by Section 3308.4 and NFP'4 1123 are unavailable or cannot be secured. only proximate audicncc displays conducted in accordancc with NFPA 1126 shall he allowcd. Applications for proximate audience displays shall include plans indicating the required clearances t'or spectators and combustibles, crowd control measures, smoke control measures, andt-cquirements for standby per~ c n tprovision of such personnel or sonnel and e q ~ ~ i l ~ nwhen ecjuipment is required by the fire code official. 3308.3 Approved displays. Approved displays shall include only the approved 13ivision 1 . 3 3 , Division 1.4G, and Division 1.4s fireworks, shall hc handled by an approved competent operator; and the fireworks shall be arranged, located, discharged and fired in a manner that will not pose a hazard to property or cntlanger any person.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3308.4 Clearance. Spectators, spectator parking arcas, and dwellings. buildings or structurcs shall not bc locatcd within the display site. Exceptions: 1. This provision shall not apply to pyrotechnic special effccts and displays using Division 1.43 materials before a proximatc audience i n accordancc with NFPA 1 126. 2. This provision
3308.5 Storage of fireworks at display site. The storage of fireworks at tlie display site shall comply with the recluircmcnts of this section and NFPA 1 123 or NFPA 1 126. 3308.5.1 Supervision and weather protection. Beginning as soon as fireworks have been delivcrccl to the display site, they shall not be left unattended. 3308.5.2 Weather protection. Fireworks shall be Iicpt dry after delivery to the display site. 3308.5.3 Inspection. Shclls shall bc inspected by the opcrator or assistants after delivery to the display site. Shclls having tears, leaks, broken fuses or signs of having been wet shall bc set aside and shall not be fircd. Aerial shells shall be checked for proper fit in mortars pr-ior to discharge. Aerial shells that do not fit properly shall not be fircd. After the display. damaged. detcriorated or dud shells shall either hc returned to the supplier or dcstroycd in accordancc with the s~~pplicr's instructions and Section 3304.10. Exception: Minor repairs to fuses shall be allowcd. For electrically ign~tcddisplays, attachment of electric matches and similar tasks shall be allowcd. 3308.5.4 Sorting and separation. After delivery to the display site and prior to the display, all shells shall bc scparatcd according to size and their designation as salutcs. Esceptio~~: For clectrieally fired displays, or displays where all shells arc loaded into n~ortarsprior to the show, there is no requirement for separation of shells accordi~ig to size or their designation as salutes. 3308.5.5 Ready boxes. Display fireworks (Division 1.3G) that will be temporarily stored at the site during the tireworks display shall be storcd in rcady boxes locatcd upwind and at least 25 feet (7620 mni) from the mortar placement and separated according to size and their designation as salutes.
Exception: For electrically tired displays, or displays where all shells are loaded into mortars prior to the show. there is no rcquiremcnt for separation of shells according to size, their designation as salutes, or forthc use of rcady boxes. 3308.6 Installation of mortars. Mortars for firing fireworks shells shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 1123 and shall bc positioncc! so that shells ar-epr-opcllcd away froin spcctators and over the fallout arca. Under no circumstances shall
EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS
mortars be angled toward the spectator viewing area. Prior to placement, Inortars shall be inspected for defects, such as dents. bent cndb. damaged interiors and damaged plugs. Dcfectivc mortars shall not be used.
3308.7 1-landling Aerial shelis shall be carried to mortars by the shell body. For thc purpose of loading mortars, aerial shells shall be held by the thick portion of the fuse and caref~~lly loaded into Inortars. 3308.8 Display supervision. Whenever in the opinion of the fire code official or the operator a hazardous condition exists, the fireworks display shall be discontinued immediate1y until such timc as the dangerous situation is corrected. 3308.9 hst-display inspcction. After the display, the tiring crew shall conduct an inspection of the fallout area for the purpose of locating unexploded aerial shells or live components. This inspection shall be conducted before public access to the site shall be allowed. Where fireworlts are displayed at night and it is not possible to inspcct the site thoroughly, the operator or designated assistant shnll inspect the entire site at first light. A report identifying any shells that fail to ignite in, or discharge from, a Inortar or fail to function over the fallout area or otherwise malfunction shall be tiled with the fire code official. 3308.10 Disposal. Any shells found d ~ ~ r i nthe g inspection rcquired in Se,ction 3308.9 shall not be handled until at least 15 minutes have elapsed from the time the shells were fired. The fireworks shall then be doused with water and allowed to rcmain for at least 5 additio~~al minutes before being placeclin a plastic buckct or fiberboard box. 'The disposal instr~~ctions of the manufacturer as provided by thc fireworks supplier shall then be followed in disposing of the fireworks in accordance with Section 3304.10. 3308.1 1 Rctail display and salc. Fireworks displayed for retail sale shall not be made readily accessible to the public. A ~nininlumof one prcssurizetl-water portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 shall be located not Inore than 15 feet (4572 ~ n m and ) not less than 10 feet (3048 rnm) from the hazard. "No Smoking" signs complying with Section 310 shal! be conspicuously postcd in areas where fireworks are stored or displayed for retail sale.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 34
FLAMMABLE AND COWIBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SECTlON 3401 GENERAL 3401.1 Scope and application. Prevention, control and niitigation of dangerous conditions related to storage, use, dispensrng, mixing and handling of flau~inableand cotnbustible liquids sllall bc in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapler. 3401.2 Nonapplicability. 'This chapter shall not apply to liquids au otherwise providcd in other laws or regulations or chapters of this code. including: I. Specific provisions for fia~nmableliquids in motor fuel-dispensing facilities, repair garages, airports nncl n~arinasin Chapter 22. 2. MccLicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and co~nrncrcial,institutional and industrial products in the same conccntration and packaging containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the rctnainder ofthc solution not being flammable, and alcoholic hcveragcs in rctail or wholesale sales or storage uses when packaged in individual containers not excceding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
3. Storage and use of fuel oil in tanks and containers connected to oil-burning equipment. Such storage and use shall bc i n accordancc with Scction 603. For ahandonincnt of fuel oil tanks, this chapter applics. 4. Refrigerant liq~ridsand oils in refrigeration systems (see Section 606). 5. Storage and display OF aerosol products complying with
Chaptcr 28. 6. SLoragc and use of liquids that have no fire point when tcslcd in accordancc with ASTM D 92. 7. Liquids with a flashpoint greater than 95°F (35°C) in a water-miscible solution or dispersion with a water and incrl (~ioncombustiblc)solids content of more than 80 percent by weight, which do rlot sustain combustion. ds flash points that can be flam~nableunder 8. L i q ~ ~ i without some conditions, such as cerlain halogenated hydrocarhens anti mixtures containing halogcnatctl hydrocarbons. 9. The storagc of distilled spirits and wines in woodcn barscls and casks.
3401.3 Referenced documents. The applicable recluiremcnts ot Chaptcr 27, other chapter5 of this code. the hit~rttntional Hz~il~lirlg Coi/e and the Irzt(>rnatzorzrrlMeckar~icalCode pertaining to flarn~nnhleljquids shall apply. 3401.4 I'ermits. Pcrnlits shall bc required as set forth in Scctions 105.6 and 105.7. 3401.5 Material classification. Flamrnnblc and cornbuatible licluidh \hall be classified in accordancc with the definitions in Scction 3401.1.
When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class LI 01. I11 liquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of the lower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point of the mixed liquitl shall apply. When heated abovc their flash points, Class 11 and I11 liquids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under such conditions, the appropt-iatcprovisions of this chapter for flammable liquids shall apply.
SECTION 3402 DEFINITIONS 3402.1 Definitions. The following words and tcrrns shall, for thc purposes of this chapter and as uscd clscwhcrc in this codc. have the meanings shown hercin. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. A11 alco1101-containing preparation designed for application to thc handc for reducing the number of viable rnicroorganis~nson the hands and containing ethanol or isopropanol in an atnounl not exceeding 70 percent by volume. IBUI'K PI,ANrl'OR TERMINAL. That portion of a property where flammable or cornbuslible liquids are rcccivcd by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank vehiclc and arc stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vcssel, pipeline, tank car, tanlc vehiclc, portable tank or container. BULK TRANSFER. Thc loading or unloading of flan~~nablc or combustible liquids from or betwccn tank vehicles. tank cars or storagc tanks. COMBUSTIB1,E 1,IQUID. A liquid having a cloccd cup flash point at or abovc 100"17(18"C).Coinbustil~leliquiclsshall bc subdivided as follows: Class PI. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Class IIIA. Liquids having a closcd cup flash point at or al~ovc140°F (60°C) and bclow 200°F (93°C). Class IIIB. Liquids having closed cup flash points at or above 200°F (93°C). The category of conlbustiblc liquids docs not illclude compressed gascs or cryogenic tluids.
PIRE POINT. The lowest temperature at which a licluid will ignite and achieve sustained burning whcn cxpo~cclto a tcst flame in accordancc with ASTM D 92.
FEAhPMAB1,E LIQUID. A licl~ridhaving a closcd cup flash point below 100°F (38°C). Fla~nmableliquids arc further categorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The Class I category is subdivided as follows: Class IA. Liquids having a flash p i n t bclow 73°F (23°C) and havrng a boiling point below 100°F (38°C).
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Class IS. Liquids havlng a flash point bclow 73°F (23°C) and h a i n g a boiling point at or abovc 100°F (38°C). Class 1C. Liquids having a flash point at or abovc 73°F (23°C) and below 100°F (38°C). Thc catcgory of flan~mablcliquids does not include compressed gascs or cryogenic fluids.
F1,ASICI POINK The rnlnimurn temperature in degrees Fahrenhcit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form an ~gnitablcmixturc with air ncar the surfacc or in thc container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liquid shall bc dctcrmincd by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as specifi cd in ASTM D 56. ASTM D 93 or ASTM D 3178. FlJEI, LIMIT SWITCH. A mechanism, locaied on a tank vchicle, that limits the quantity of product clispensed at one time. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a Group H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flainmahle or combustible liquids in a closed condition. LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. A building classificd as a Group H-7 or H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammablc or combustible liquids in a closed condition. MOBILI3 FUELING. The opcration of dispensing liquid fuels from tank vchiclcs into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. Mobile fucling may also be known by the terms "Mohile fleet fueling." "Wet fueling" and "Wet hosing." PROCESS TRANSFER. The transfer of flam~nableor combustible liquids bctween tank vehicles or tank cars and process operations. Proccss operations may includc containcrs, tanks, piping and equipment. REFINERY. A plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced on a com~ncrcialscale from crude petroleum, nakrnl gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources. REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. The cornbination of an operator-carried signaling clevlce and a mechanisni on the tank vehiclc. Activation of thc rcmotc emergency shutoff d e v ~ c sends c a signal to thc tanker-mountetl niechallism and causes fucl flow to ccase. REMOTE SOIJLfENTRESERVOIR. A liquid solvent container cncloscd against evaporative losscs to the atmosphere during periods whcn thc containcr is not being utilized, except for a solvcnt return opening not larger tlian 16 square inches (10 321 m~n').Such return allows punlp-cycled used solvent to drain back into the reservoir from a separate solvent sink or work arca. SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. An appliance that rcccivcs contaminated flammable or co~nbustibleliquids and which distills the contents to remove conta~ninantsand recover the solvents. TANK, PRIMARY. A listed atmospheric tank used to storc liquid. See "Primary containn~ent." 'L'AWK, PRO'L'ECTED ABOVE GROUND. A tank listed in accordance with UL. 2085 consisting of a primary tanli pro-
306
vided with protection from physical daniagc and firc-resistive protection from a high-intensity liquid pool firc cxposurc. 'Thc tank may provide protection elements as a unit or may bc nri assc~nblyof components, or a combination hereo of.
SECTION 3493 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3403.1 Electrical. Electrical wiring and eq~~ipment shall bc installed and maintained in accordancc with the ICC Elcctr.ic(11 Code. 3403.1.1 Classified locations for flammable liquids. Areas where tlamnlable liquids are storcd, handlcd, dispensedor mixed shall bein accordancc withTablc 3403.1.1. A classified arca shall not extend beyond an unpierced floor, roof or other solid partition. The extent of the classified arca is allowcd to be reduced. or eliminated, where sufficient technical justification is provided to the firc code official that a conccntration in thc arca in excess of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL) cannot be generated.
3403.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids. Arcas wherc Class 11 or 111 liquids arc hcated abovc their flash points shall have electrical installations in accordancc with Section 3403.1.1. Exception: Solvcnt distillation units in accordancc with Section 3405.4. 3403.1.3 Other applications. The tire code ofticia1 is anthosized to detcrmine the extent of the Class I clcctrical equipment and wiring location when a condition is not sl7ecifically covered by these req~rireinentsor the ICC E1ccrr.icnl Code. 3403.2 Fire protection. Fire protcction for thc storagc. usc. dispcnsing. mixing, handling- and on-site transport;ion of flammable and conibustible liauids shall bc in accordancc with this chapter and applicable scctions of Chaptcr 9 3403.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and llose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided In accordancc with Section 906. Hosc lines shall bc provided in accordance with Section 905. 3403.3 Site assessment. In the event of a sl~ill,Icak or discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall bc conlpleted by the owner or operator of such tank system if the fire code official dcternlines that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be co~npletcdand subniittcd to thc fire department within a time period cstablishcd by thc tire code official, not to exceed 60 days. 3403.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Wherc the niaximuin allowable quantity per control arca is cxccedcd, and when requircd by Section 2704.2, rooms, buildings or areas used for storagc, dispensing: use: mixing or handling of Class I, I1 and 11I-A liquids shall be provided with spill control and sccondary containment in accordancc with Scction 7704.2.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
N
0
0
2
-1 1
~
g5
--
TABLE 3403.1.1 CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS"
---
LOCATION
~
~
I
I Underground tank
~
~
0 Id
rrg -
I
Vent-Discllarging upward -- -- -- .-. ...- _ _ Druni and container filling 1 Outdoor or indoor ar~tliadequate \ ent:l:ltion .- - -
. . ..-
-
~
'
_-_-
_-
. - .._. .
~~
~
I
--,
Within 3 feet of open end of vent, esteiiding in all directions. A r e a between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions.
J 2
~
~
I
I
I
1v~~
--
~
:Pits. boxes or spaces below grade level. any part of which is within the Division I or 2 classified arca. ' U ~to I 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet from a tipht-fill connection. - -. -.
fill opening
~
% I1
EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA
GROUP 0 DIVISION ~
I
~
pump^, bleeders, withdrawal fillings, ii~etersand similar devices Indoor
~
,
I
I
Pits Without inecl~~nical hent~lation W ~ t hniechan~calventilation Containing valves, fittings or piping: and not within a Division I or I 2 cl.'l>s~fied . . . uea I ---.~
~
1 2
Outdoor
Entire area withill pit il'any part is \~~ithin a Division 1 01.2 clossiiicd area. Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division I or 2 classified area.
~
1 Drainage ditclleb, separators, impounding basins 1 Indoor
~
;Within 5 feet of :~nyedge of such devices. estending in all directions. Also up lu 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Within 3 feet of any edge of such dcviccs. cxtcnding in all directions. .41so up to 18 I inches horizontally from an edge of such devices.
I
1 Outdoor
Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening. extending in all directiuns. Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent of fill opening, extending in all directions. Also up to I X inches above floor 01. grade level within a horizontal radius 01' 10 feet from I vent or fill opening. I
I
I
I !
lor2 2
; Saine as pits.
1 Area up to 18 inches abovc ditch, separator or basin. Also up to 18 inches abovc grade I
within 15 feet horizontal from anv edzc.
/ Tank vehicle and tank carh
1
i Within 3 feet of edge of dome. extending in all directions. 1 Area hct~lecn3 fee( and 15 feet from edge of dome, extending in all ciil-zctions.
Loaclin lhrnugh opcn dome I,osding through bottom connections wllh at~~iospheric ventlng
Office and restrooms
I
I
2
Ordinary
Within 3 feet of point of venting to almosphere, extending in all di~ectioiis. Area betwcen 3 fcct and 15 feet fi-om poi111or venting to almosphere, cxtendiilg in all directions. Alsu up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from poinl of loading connection. Where there is an opelung to these roolns within the extent of an indoor classified location. the room shall bc classified the sanie as if the wall, curb or partition did not esist. ....-. ~~
~
~
~
TABLE 3403.1 .I-continued CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa LOCATION I
EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA
Tank ~ehicleand tank car'kontinued Loadlr~gthrough c l o ~ e ddome w ~ t hatmo\pher~cvcntlng
1
W1t111n3 feet of open end of vent. extend~ng~nall d~rect~onh Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of vent, extendjng in all directions. Also within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all direction?. :Within 3 feet of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines, extending in all directions. 1 Within 3 feet of point of connection, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet horn point of connection. ---.-
2 Load~rlgthrough ~ l o \ e ddome w ~ t hvapor control Bottom loddlllg with vapor control or any bottom unloading
~
L II
I Garages for other than tank
-
-. ---
-
vehicles
~
.
.-
.
-
-_
J
1
/
Ordinary
~i -
~
:
I I
-
~
----. .
-
~
~
~
i
Where therc is an opening to these soo oms within the extent of an indoor classified area, the roorn shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. .1 . ~
~
~
~
- -
~
-
1
I I 2
1 Area w~thln3 feet of any edge of such ccluipment, extend~ngin all d ~ r e c t ~ o n s .
I Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment extending in all tlirections. ) Also. area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet horizontally i from any edge of such equipment. +.-.-.. - -.---. - . . . -
I Tank-Above
1 E: Q)
I
m
D -I
P 2 s m r J
6
1
I
ground Shell. ends or r w f and dike area
1
1 I
Vent
I
[Floating roof -
!
~
4
Area within 5 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all dil-ections. I A r e a between 5 feet and 8 feet of any edgc of s11c11equipment, extending in all directions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level wlth~n5 feet to 25 feet horr~ontally from any edge of such e q i i ~ ~ m e n l ' I
Indoor equipment &here flani~nablevaporlair mixtures could exist ; 1 under normal operations I
Outdoor equipnlent where flan~n~able vaporlair mixtures could exist under normal operations
the entire room shall be c1;lssif'ied the same as the area classification at the point of the i opening.
I
Ordinary
I
i
i
I Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an o~itdoorclassified nrca, i
I !
6
~
Pit.; or spaces below floor level. Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair gaage. ~-
Ordinary
I
~~
~
:
d r u n ~storage
Indoor warehousing where there is rio flammable liquid transfer . , -
11
~
i . . .
I 2
I
Storage and repair garage for tank vehicles - -- - - - - ----.
~
I
I
Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance iron1 the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. rea within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of ea within 5 feet of open end of vent, extencling in all dil.ections. .en between 5 feet and 10 feet fromopen end of vent: extending in all directions. ill the shell.
~
Fur ST: 1 inch = 35.4 311111.I fool = 304.8 mm. a. Locnt~onsas classified in the ICC El.lec.rr.ica1Coil?. h. Whcnclassifj'ingextent of area, considerationshall hr gi\.en to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can bespottedat~aryi~lgpclin~q. Thercforc,theextsrniitiesof the loaiiir~y01-unloaciingpositions shall he used. c. Thc rslcase of CIS\ I liquids can generate vapo1.s io the estent that the c11ti1-? building, and possibly a zone c~~rroun~l~ng i t , are cunsidered a Claw I. Division ? location.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3403.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is tiuthorizcd to rccluire warning signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using flammable licluids. Signagc for identification and warning such as for the inherent hazard of tla~nmahlcliq~~icls or smoking shall he provided in accordance with this chaptcr and Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6. 3403.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of adurable material. Signs warning of thc hazard of flammable liquids shall have tvhitc lettering 011a red background and shall read: DANGER-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Letters shall not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and ?!I inch (12.7 mm) in stroke. 3403.5.2 1,ocation. Signs shall be posted in locations as required by the fire code official. Piping containingflarnmablc licluids shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1. 3403.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers. packagcs and cartons shall bc identified, niarl
3403.6.2 Design arid fabrication of system components. Piping system components shall be dcsigned and fabricated in accordance with Chapter 5 of NFP.4 30: except as moditied by this scction. 3403.6.2.1 Special materials. Low-melting-point materials (such as aluminuml copper or hn~ss).materials that softcn on firc exposure (such as nonmetallic materials) and nonductile material (such as cast iron) shall bc acceptablc for use underground in accordancc with .ASME B3 1.9. When such materials are uscd outdool-s in above-ground piping systems or within buildings, they shall bc in accol-dance with ASME B31.9 and onr of the following: 1 . Suitably protected against fire exposure 7 . Locatcd where leakage from failure would not
unduly expose people or stnctures. 3. Located where lcakage can be rcadily controlled by operation of acccssible re~notclylocated valves.
In all cases, non~netallicpiplng shall bc used in accordance with Section 5.3.6 of NFPA 30. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
3403.6.3 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the applicable section of ASME B31.9, piping, bcfurc being covcrcd, enclosed or placed in use, shall he hydrostatically tested to 150 perccnt of the maximum anticipated prcssurc of the system, or pneumatically tcstcd to 1 1 0 perccnt of the ~naximurnanticipated pressure of the system, but not less than 5 pounds per square inch gaugc (psig) (34.47 kPa) at. thehighest point of the system. This tcst shall be rnaintaincd for a sufficient time period to complctc visual inspection of joints and connections. For a minimum of 10 minutes, thcre shall be no leakage or pcrmancnt distortion. Care shall be exercised to cnsure that these pressures are not applied LO vcnted storage tanks. Such storage tanks shall be tcstcd independently from thc piping. 3403.6.3.1 Existing piping. Existing piping shall bc tested in accordance with this scction when the firc code official has reasonable cause to believe that a leak cxists. Piping that could contain flammable or comhustiblc liquids shall not be tcstcdpncumatically. Such tests shall bc at the expense of the owner or operator. Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowcd to be tested using an inert gas. 3403.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guarcl posts or other approved Incans shall be provided to protect piping, wives or fittings subject to vehicular damagc in ~lccol-dancewith Section 3 12. 3403.6.5 Protection from corrosion anti galvanic action. Whcrc subject to external corrosion, piping, related fluid-handling coniponcnts and silpports for both underground and above-ground applications shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, and coated or provided with corrosion protection. Dissimilar metallic parts that promote galvanic action shall not be joined. 3403.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of manual control valves and chcclc valves to operate the systcm properly and to protect the plant under both normal and cmcrgency conditions. Piping systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient ~ ~ u n l b eofr such valves to control properly the flow of liquids i n normal operation and in the evcnt of physical daruagc or firc exposure. 3403.6.6.1 Backfiow protections. Connections to pipclincs or piping by which equipment (such as tank cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges liquids into storagc tanks shall be provided with check val\:es or block valves for automatic protection against backflow where the piping arrangement is such that bacl
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3403.6.7 Connections. Above-ground tanks with connecticrns located below normal liquid level shall bc provided with internal or external isolation valves located as close as practical lo the shell of thc tank. Except for liquids whosc chemical characteristics are incon~patiblewith steel. such valvcs, when external, and their connections to the tank \hall bc of steel. 3403.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protectcd against physical damage and exccssivc stresses arising from settlement, vibration, cxpansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against exposure to five by one of the following:
I . Draining liquid away from the piping system at aminimum slope of not lcss than 1 percent. 2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours. 3. Other approved methods. 3403.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed and approved and shall be installed on underground liquid. vapor and vent piping at a11 of the following locations:
1. Whcrc piping connects to undcrground tanks. 2. Whcre piping cnds at pump islands and vent risers. 3. A1 points wherc differential movement in the piping can occu1-.
3403.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforcedplastic piping. Fibcrglass-rcinforccd plastic (FRP) piping IS not required to be providcd with flexible joints in locations whcre both of thc following conditions are prescnt: I . Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 nlm) in diameter. 2. Piping has a straight run of not lcss than 4 feet (1219 mm) on one sidc of the connection whcn such connections result i n a changc of direction. In lieu of thc minimum 4-foot (1219 ~ n mstraight ) run length. approved and listed tlcxible joints are allowed to cr and suction pumps, at subbe uscd ~ ~ n d dispensers rncrged pump\ and tanks, and whcre vents extend above-ground.
3403.6.10 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shall bc wcldcd, flanged or thrcaded cxcept that listed flcxible connectors arc allowcd in accordance with Scction 3403.6.9. Threaded or flanged joints shall fit tightly by using approved methods and materials for the type of joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be weldcd when located in concealed spaces within buildings. Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall bc instnllcd in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
SECTION 3404 STORAGE 3404.1 General. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in containers and tanks shall be in accordancc with this section and the applicable sections of Chapter 27. 3404.2 Tank storage. Thc provisions of this section shall apply to: 1. The storage of flammable and con~bustihlcliquids in fixed above-ground and underground tanks. 2. The storagc of flammable and combustible licluids in fixcd above-ground tanks inside of buildings. 3. The storage of flammable ancl combustible liquids in portable tanks whosc capacity excccds 660 gallons (2498 I,). 4. The installation oj' such tanks and porlablc tanks.
3404.2.1 Change of tank contents. Tanks subject to change in contents shall be in accordance with Scction 3404.2.7. Prior to a change in contents, the fire code official is authorized to requirc testing of a tank. Tanks that have previously contained Class I liquids shall not be loaded with Class 11 or Class 111 liquids until such tanks and all piping. pumps, hoses and rncters conncctcd thercto have been completely drained and flushed.
3404.2.2 Use of tank vehicles and tank cars as storage tanks. Tank cars and tank vehicles shall not bc uscd as storage tanks. 3404.2.3 Labeling and signs. Labeling and signs for storage tanks and stoi-agc tank areas shall c0111pIywith Sections 3404.2.3.1 and 3404.2.3.2. 3404.2.3.1 Smoking and open flame. Signs shall be postcd in storage areas prohibiting open fla~nesand ~ smoking. Signs shall comply with S c c t i o ~3403.5. 3404.2.3.2 Label or placard. Tanks more than 100 gallons (379 L) in capacity, which arc perniancntly installcd or mounted and uscd for the storagc of Class I, 11 or l1IA liquids, shall bear a label and placard identifying the material therein. Placards sllall bc in accordance with NFPA 704. Exceptions: I. Tanks of 300-gallon (1 136 L ) capacity or less located on private property and used for heating and cooking fuels in single-family dwellings.
2. Tanks located uncierground. 3404.2.4 Sources of ignition. Smoking and open flames arc prohibited in storage areas i n accordance with Scction 2703.7. Exception: Areas designated as smoking and hot work arcas, and areas where hot work permits havc bee11 issued in accordance with this code.
Pipe jolnts that are dependent on the friction characteristics or rcsilicncy of conibustiblc materials for liquid tightncss of p~pingshall not be used i n buildings. Piping shall be :,ccurcd to prevcnt disengagement at thc fitting.
3404.2.5 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be providcd in accordancc with Scction 9 1 1.
3403.6.11 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall be bent in accordance with ASME B3 1.9.
3404.2.6 Separation from incompatible materials. Storage of flammable ancl conibustible liquids shall bc scparatcd 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LlQUlDS
from incompatihlc matcrials in accordancc with Section 2703.9.8.
limits from being exceeded whcn ~nanifoldcd tanks arc subject to the sa11icfirc C X I I O S L I ~ ~ .
Grass, weeds, cornbi~stiblematerials and waste Class I, I1 or IllAliquids shall not be accumulatcd in an unsafe ruanner at a storagc site.
3404.2.7.3.5.2 Underground tanks. For underground tanks. mar~ifoldedvent pipes shall bc sized to prevent system pressure limits from being excecded when n~anifoldedtanks are filled sirnultancously.
3404.2.7 Ilesign, construction and general installation requirements for tanks. The design, fabrication and construction of tanks shall comply with NFPA 30. Each tank shall bcm a pcrmancnt nameplate or niarki~lgindicating the standard used as the basis of design. 3404.2.7.1 Materials used in tank construction. The materials used in tank construction shall bc in accordance with NFPA 30. 3404.2.7.2 Pressure limitations for tanks. Tanks shall be designed for the prcssures to which ~lreywill be suhjected in accordance with NFPA 30. 3404.2.7.3 Tank vents for normal venting. Tank vents for nornlal venting shall bc installed and maintained in accordance with Sections 3404.2.7.3.1 through 3404.2.7.3.6. 3404.2.7.3.1 Vent lines. Vent lines from tanks shall not bc uscd for purposes other than venting unless approved. 3404.2.7.3.2 Vent-line flame arresters and venting devices. Vent-linc flame an-esters and vcnting devices shall be installed in accordar~cewith their listings. Use of flamc arresters in piping systems shall be in accordancc with M I 2028. 3404.2.7.3.3 Vent pipc outlets. Vent pipe outlcts for tanks storing Class I, 11 or UIA liquids shall he located such that the vapors are relcascd at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 13 fect (3658 mm) abovc thc adjacent ground Icvel. Vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from adjacent walls to assist in vapor dispersion. Vent outlets shall hc located such that flammable vapors will not be trappcd by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 5 fect (1 524 mni) from building oprnillgs ur lot lines ofproperties that can be built upon. Vent outlets on atmosphcric tanks stor-ilig Class IIIB liquids are allo\vcd to discharge inside a building if the vent is n normally closed vent. 3404.2.7.3.4 Installation of vent piping. Vent piping shall bc dcsig~lcd,sized, constructed and installed in accordance with Section 3403.6. Vcnt pipes shall be installed such that they will drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. Vent pipcs shall be installed in such amanner so as not to be subjcct to physical damage or vibration. 3404.2.7.3.5 Manifolding. Tank vent piping shall not be nlanifolded unless required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conselvation or air pollution control. 3404.2.7.3.5.1 Abovc-ground tanks. For above-ground tanks, manifolded vent pipes shall be adequately sizcd to prevent system pressure 2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE"
3404.2.7.3.5.3 Tanks storing Class I liquids. Vent piping for tanks storing Class 1 liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class I1 and I11 liquids ilnless positive Incans are provided to prevcnt the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class I I and 111 liquids. to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of less volalile liquid. 3404.2.7.3.6 Tank venting for tanks and pressure vessels storing Class I S and 1C liquids. Tanlts and pressure vessels storing Class IB or IC liquids shall be equipped with vcnting devices which shall bc norlnally closed except whcn vcnting undcr pressure or vacuum conditions, or with listcd f m i c urucsters. The tcnts shall be installcd and maintained in accorda~icc with Section 4.2.5.1 of NFPA 30 or API 2000. 3404.2.7.4 Emergency venting. S t a t i o n a r y , above-ground t a n k shall be ccjuipped wit11 additional venting that will relieve excessive internal prcssu1.c caused by exposure to fires. Emcrgcncy vents for Class 1, 11 and IIlA liquids shall not discharge inside b~iildings. The venting shall be illstalled and maintained in accordance with Section 4.2.5.2 of NFPA 30. Exception: Tanks larger tl~an12.000 gallons (45 420 L) in capacity storing Class lIIB liquids which arc not within the dikcd area or the tlrainagc path of Class I or 11 licluids do not require emergcncy relicf vcnting
3404.2.7.5 Tank openings other than vents. Tanli openings for othcr than vents shall co~nplywith Sections 3404.2.7.5.1 through 3304.2.5.5.8. 3404.2.7.5.1 Connections below liquid Icvel. COIInections for tank openings bclow the liquid level shall be liquid tight. 3404.2.7.5.2 Filling, emptying and vapor recovery connections. Filling, cmptying and vapor recovely conncctions to tanks containine Class I, LI or lIlAIiuuids shall bc located outsidc of buildings at a location frcc from sources of igni~ionand not ~ S than S 5 fcct (1524 m ~ n away ) from building openings or lot lines of PI-oportythat can be built on. Such opcnings shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap which shall be closed whcn not in use and properly identified. -~
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3404.2.7.5.3 Piping, connections and fittings. PIPing, connections, fittings and othcr appurtenancec shall be installed in accordancc with Section 3403.6. 3404.2.7.5.4 Manual gauging. Openings for manual gauging. if independent of the fill pipe, shall bc provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covcrs shall hc kept closed when not gaugir~g.If inside a building,
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
such opcnings shall bc protected against liquid ovcrflow and possible vapor release by means of a springloaded check valve or other approved device.
3404.2.7.7 Design of supports. The dcs~gnof the supporting structure for tanks shall be in accordance wlth thc Irztcrriatlon~zlB~irldiilgCode and NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.5.5 Fill pipes and discharge lines. For top-loaded tanks, a mctallic fill pipe shall be designed and installed to minimize the generation of static clectricity by terminating the pipe within h inches ( I 5 2 ninl) of the bottom of the tank. and it shall be installed in a manner which avoids excessive vibration.
3404.2.7.8 Locations subject to flooding. Whcre n tank is located in an area where it is subject to buoyancy because of a rise in the water table, flooding or acculrlulation of water from fire suppression operations. uplift protection shall be provided In accordance with Scctions 4.1.2.6 and 4.3.3.5 of NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.5.5.1 Class I liquids. For Class I liquids other than crude oil, gasoline and aspti:llt, thk fill pipc shall be dcsigned and installed in a manncr which will minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within 6 inches (1 52 mm) of the bottom of the tank.
3404.2.7.9 Corrosion protection. Whc,rc subject to external corrusion. tanks shall be fabricated from conosion-resistant materials, coated or provided with corrosion protection in accordance with Section 4.2.6.1 of NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.5.5.2 Underground tanks. For undcrground tanks, fill pipe and discharge lines shall entcr only through the top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank. IJndcrground tanks for Class 1liquids having a capacity greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose to the tank. 3404.2.7.5.6 Location of connections that are made or broken. F i l l i n g , w i t h d r a w a l a n d vapor-recovery connections for Class I, I1 and IUA liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location away from sources of ignition and not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away from bullding openings. Such connections shall be s cshall be closed and liquid tight when not in ~ ~ and propcrly identified. 3404.2.7.5.7 Protection against vapor release. Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery or by shall be protected against possible ~ ~ a p release nlcans of a spring-loaded check valve or dry-break connections. or other approved device, unless the upcning is a pipe connected to a vapor processing systcm. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor rccovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connection of the liquid delivery line to the fill pipc simultaneously connects thc vaporrecovery line. Connections shall be vapor tight. 3404.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.6.6 shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all Class I, I1 and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by Sections 3406.4 or 3406.7 shall have overfill protcction in accordance with API 2350. Exception: Outside above-ground tanks with a capacity of 1320 gallorls (5000 L) or less. 3404.2.7.6 Repair, alteration or reconstruction of tanks and piping. The repair, alteration or reconstruction. inclutling welding, cutting and hot tapping of storage tanks and piplng that have been placed in service, shall bc in accordance with NFPA 30.
3404.2.7.10 Leak reporting. A consistcnt or accidental loss of liquid, or other indication of a leak from a t:uik system, shall he reported ~mmcdiatelyto the f ~ r dcpartc ment, the fire code official and other authorities having jur~sdiction. 3404.2.7.10.1 h a k i n g tank disposition. Lcakiug tanks shall h e promptly emptied, rcpaircd and returned to scrvice, abandoned or re~novcdin accordance with Section 3404.2.1 3 or 3404.2.14. 3404.2.7.11 'Tank lining. Steel tanks are allowed to be lined only for the purpose of PI-otectingthe interior from corrosion or providing compatibility with a material to be stored. Only those licluids tested for compatibility with the lining material are allowed to be stored in lined tanks. 3404.2.8 Vaults. V a ~ ~ lshall t s be allowed to be either abovc or below grade a ~ i dshall comply with Sections 3404.2.8.1 through 3404.2.8.18. 3404.2.8.1 Listing required. Vaults shall be listcd in accordancc with UL 2245. Exception: Where approved by the firc code official, below-grade vaults are allowed to he constructed on site, provided that the design is in accordance with the Ii~teni~ztional Birildiizg Code and that special inspcctions are conducted to verify structural strength and compliance of the installatinn with thc approved design in accordance with Section 1707 of thc Interiiationcll Buildiizg Code. Installation plans for below-grade vaults that are constructed on sitc shall be prepared by. and the design shall bear the stamp of. a professional engineer. Consideration shall be given to soil and hydrostatic loading on the floors. walls and lid; anticipated seismic forces; uplifting by ground water or flooding: and to loads imposed from above such as traffic and equipment loading on the vaull lid. 3404.2.8.2 Design and construction. The vault shall con~pletelyenclose each tauk. 1licre shall be no opcnings in the vault enclosure except those necessary for access to, inspection of, and filling, cniptying and vcnting of the tank. The walls and floor of the vault shall bc constructed of reinforced concrete at least 6 inchcs (152 m ~ n thick. ) The top of an above-grade vault shall be con2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTlBLE LIQUIDS
structcd of noncombustible material and shall b e dcsigncd to bc wcal
provide air movement across all parts o l the vault floor. Supply and exhaust ducts shall extend to within 3 inchcs (76 mm), but not more than 12 inches (305 mm), ol' thc floor. Thc exhaust system shall be installcd in accordance with the Inrernutioncrl Meclin~~icul Code.
The top of an at-grade or below-grade vault shall be dcsigned to rclicve safely or contain the forcc of an explosion occurring insidc the vault. The top and floor of the vault and the tank foundation shall be designed to withstand the anticipated loading. including loading from vehicular traffic, where applicable. The walls and floor of a vault instiillecl below grade shall bedesigned to withstand anticipated soil and hydrostatic loading.
3404.2.8.10 Liquid detection. Vaults shall be ciluipped w ~ t ha detcct~onsystem capable of detecting liquids. including water, and activating an alnrni.
Vaults shall be designed to be wind and earthquakc in accordance with the I~~tcmcrtiorzol Brrildir~g
resistant, ('otk
3404.2.8.3 Secoridery containmcrit. Vaults shall be substantially liquid tight and there shall be no backfill around the tank or within the vault. Thc vault floor shall drain toa sump. Forpreinanufactured vaults, liquid tightness shall be ccrtified as part of the listing provided by a national11 r e c o g n i z c d testing laboratory. F o r field-erected vaults, liquid tightness shall be certified in an approved manner. 3404.2.8.4 Internal clearance. There shall be sufficient clcarance bctwcen the tank and the vault to allow for visual inspcction and maintenance of the tank and its appurtenances. Dispensing devices are allowed to be installed on tops of vaults. 3404.2.8.5 Anchoring. Vaults and their tanks shall be suitably anchored lo withstand uplifting by ground water or flooding. including \when the tank is empty. 3404.2.8.6 Vel~icleimpact protection. Vaults shall be resistant to damage from the impact of n motor vehicle. or vchiclc impact protection shall bc prokided in accordance with Section 3 12. 3404.2.8.7 Arrangement. Tanks shall be listed for above-ground use. and each tank shall be in its own vault. Co~i~partmentalizcd tanks shall be allowed and shall bc considered as a single tank. Adjaccnt vaults sliall be allo\ved ro share a common wall. The common wall shall bc liquid and vapor tight and shall be designcd to withstand thc load i~nposedwhen the vault on eithcr side of the wall is filled with water. 3404.2.8.8 Co~~nectioas. Connections shall be provided to pcrmit vcnting of each vault to dilute. disperse and remove vapors prior to personnel cntcring the vault. 3104.2.8.9 Ventilation. Va~~lts that contain tanks of Cl;~ss I liquids shall bc providcd with an exhaust ventilation syhtcrn installcd in accordancc with Section 2704.3. The ventilation system sliall operate continuously or be designed to operate upon activation of the vapor or liquid detection system. The system shall provide ventilation at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute (cfm) per square foot of floor area [O.OUSUX d / ( s . m2)], but not less than 150 cfnr (0.071 &Is). I h c exhaust system shall be dcsigned to 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3404.2.8.11 Monitoring and detection. V a ~ ~ lshall t s bc provided with approved vapor and liquid dctection systems and equipped with on-site audible and visual warning devices with battery backup. Vapor dctcction systems shall sound an alarm whcn the systeni detects vapors that reach or exceed 25 percent of tlic lower explosive lirr~it(LEL) of the liquid stored. Vapor detectors shall be located no highcr than 12 inchcs (305 mm) above the lowest point in the vault. Liquid dctcction systems shall sound an alarm upon detcction of any liquid. including water. Liquid detectors shall bc located in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Activation of either vapor or liquid dctection sybtcms shall cause a signal to be sounded at an approved, constantly attended location within the facility scrving thc tanks or at an approved location. Activation of vapor dctection systcms shall also s l i ~off ~ t dispenser pumps. 3404.2.8.12 Liquid rcmoval. Means shall bc providcd to recovcr liquid from the vault. Whcre a pump is rrscd to meet this requirement, the pump shall not be perruanently installed in t11c vault. Electric-powercd portable punips shall be suitablc for use in Class I! Division I locations, as defined in the ICC Electrical Cotie. 3404.2.8.13 Normal vents. Vent pipes that arc providctl for norrnal tank venting shall terminate at lcast 12 feet (3658 mm) above ground l c cl. ~ 3404.2.8.14 Emergency vents. Emergency vents shall be vaportight and shall be allou:cd to tlischarge insidc the vault. Long-bolt manhole covers shall not be allowed for this purpose. 3404.2.8.15 Accessway. Vaults shall be providcd with an approved personnel acccssway with a 111inimunidimension of 30 inches (762 nun) and with a permanently affixed. nonferrous ladder. Acccssways shall be designed to be nonsparking. Travel distance fi-o~nany point insidc a vault to an accessway shall not cxcecd 20 feet ( 6 0 9 6 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the need for procedures for safe entry into confined spaces shall be posted. Entry points shall bc secured against unauthorized entry and vandalism. 3404.2.8.16 Fire protection. Vaults shall be providcd with a suitable means to adlnita fire suppression agent. 3404.2.8.17 Classified area. The interior of a vault containing a tank that stores a Class I liquid shall be dcsignnted a Class I, Division 1 location, as defined i n tlic ICC Electrical Code. 3404.2.8.18 Overfill protection. Ovcrfill protection shall b e providcd in accordance with Section
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3304.2.9.6.6. The usc of a float vcnt valve shall bc prohibited.
3404.2.9 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground storage of flan~n~able and co~nbustibleliquids in tanks shall comply with Section 3404.2 and Sections 3404.2.9.1 through 3404.2.9.6.10. 3404.2.9.1 Fire protection. Firc protection for above-ground tanks shall conlply with Sections 3104.2.9.1 .I through 3404.2.9.1.4. 3404.2.9.1.1 Required foam fire protection systems. Whcn required by thc fire code official, foam firc protection shall be provided for above-ground tanks, other than prcssure tanks operating at or above 1 pound per square inch gauge (psig! (6.89 kPa) when such tank, or group of tanlcs spaced less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) apart measured shell to shell, has a liquid surface area in cxcess of 1,500 squcue feet (139 nl2), and is in accordance with one of the following: 1. Used for thc storage of Class I or 11 liquids. 2. Used for thc storage of crude oil.
3. Uscd for in-process products and is located within 100 feet (30 480 mm) of a fired still. heatcr, related fractionirlg or processing apparatu5 or similar device at a processing plant or petroleum refinery as herein defined. 4. Considcrcd by the fire code official as posing an unusual exposure hazard because of topographical conditions; nature of occupancy, proximity on the same or adjoining property, and height and character of liquids to be stored; degrce of private fire protcction to be provided; and facilitics of the fire department to cope with flammable liquid fires.
3404.2.9.1.2 Foam fire protection system installation. Where foam fire protcction is required, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 11 and NFPA 11'4. 3404.2.9.1.2.1 Foam storage. Where foam fire protection is required, foam-producing materials shall be storcd on the pren~ises. Exception: Storage of foam-producing materials off the prenlises is allowed as follows: 1. Such materials stored off the premises shall be of the proper type suitable for use with thc equipment at the installation whcre required. 2. Such materials shall be readily available at the storage location at all times. 3. Adequate loading and transportation facilities shall be provided. 4. 'L'hc time requircd to deliver such materials to thc I-ecluiredlocation in thc event of fire shall he consistent with the hazards and fire scenarios for which thc foam supply is intendcd.
5. At thc time of a firc, thcse off-prcmiscs supplies shall be accumulated in sufficient quantities before placing the cquipm e n t in operation to e n s u r c f o a m production at an adecluate ratc without interruption until extinguishment is acconlplished.
3404.2.9.1.3 Fire protection of supports. Supports or pilings for above-ground tanks storing Class I, Il or IIIA liqurds elevated more than 12 inches (305 m ~ n ) above grade shall havc a firc-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours in accordance with tllc firc exposure criteria specified in ASTM E 1529. Exceptions: 1. Structural supports tested as part of a protected above-ground tank in accordance with UL 2085.
7. Stationary tanks located outsidc of buildings when protected by an approvcd watcr-spray system designed in accordancc with Chapter 9 and NFPA 15. 3. Stationary tanks locatcd insidc of buildings equipped throughout with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system dcsigncd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
3404.2.9.1.4 lnerting of tanks with boilover liquids. Liquids with boilovcr characteristics shall not be stored in fixed roof tanks largcr than 150 feet (45 ) diameter unless an approved gas cnrich720 m ~ n in ~nentor inerting systcm is provided on the tank. Exception: Crudc oil storage tanks in production fields with no other cxposurcs adjacent to the storage tank. 3404.2.9.2 Supports, foundations and anchorage. Supports, foundations and anchorages for abovc-ground tanks shall be designed and constructcd in accordance with NFPA 30 and the Ilzterriutioilal Rzlildillg Coife. 3404.2.9.3 Stairs, platforn~sand walkways. Stairs. platforms and walkways shall be of noncombustible construction and shall be dcsigned and constructcd in accordance with NFPA 30 and the 1riter.tinfional B~tildirzg Code. 3404.2.9.4 Above-ground tanks inside of buildings. Tanks storing Class I, TI and IIIA liquids insidc buildings shall be equipped with a device or other Incans to prevent overflow into thc building including, but not limited to: a float valve; apreset lncter on the fill line: a valve actuated by the weight of the tanks contents; a low hcad pump which is incapable of producing overflow: or a liquid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe sizc larger than the fill pipe and discharging by gravity back to thc outside source of liquid or to an approvcd location. 3404.2.95 Above-ground tanks outside of buildings. Abovc-ground tanks outsidc of buildings shall co~nply with Sections 3404.2.9.5.1 through 3404.2.9.5.3. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3404.2.9.5.1 Locations where above-ground tanks are prohibited. Storage of Class I and I1 liquids in above-grou~idtanlts outside of buildi~~gs is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of thc Sample Ordinance for Adoption of thc I~ztcr.rlution~~l File Code on page v). 3404.2.9.5.1.1 1,ocation of tanks with pressures 2.5 psig or less. Above-ground tanks operating at pressures notcxcceding 2.5 psig ( 1 7.7- kPa) for storage of Class I, I1 or IIIAliquids, which are desigaied with a floating roof, a weak roof-to-shell seam or equipped with emergency venting devices limiting pressure to 2.5 psi& (17.2 lPaj, shall be located in accordance with Table 4.3.2.1.1(a) of NFPA 30. Exceptions:
I . Vertical tanks havi11,oa weak roof-to-shell scam anci storing Class IIIA liquids arc allowed to be located at one-half the distanccs specified in Tahle 4.3.2.1.1(a) of NFPA 30, provided the tanks are not within a diked area or drainage path for a tank storing Class 1 or I1 liquids. 2. Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordancc with Scclions 3404.2.9.5. J .3 and 3404.2.9.5.1.4.
3. For protected above-ground tanks in accordance with Section 3404.2.9.6 and tanks in at-grade or above-grade vaults in accordance with Section 3404.2.8. the distances in Tablc 4.3.2.1 .I (b) of NFPA 30 shall apply and shall be rcduced by one-half. but not to less than 5 fcct ( 1524 nirn).
3404.2.9.5.1.2 1,ocation of t'anks with pressures exceeding 2.5 psig. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class 1. I1 or llIA liquids operating at pi-ossures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) or equipped with crnergency venting allowing pressures to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall be locatcd in accordance with Table 4.3.2.1.2 of NFPA 30. Exception: Liquids with boilover characteristics and unstable liquids in accordance with Sectio~ls3404.2.9.5.1.4 and 3404.2.9.5.1.5. 3404.2.9.5.1.3 Location of tanks for boilover liquids. Above-ground tanks for storagc of 1 iquids with boilovcr characteristics shall hc located in accordance with Table 4.3.2.1.3 of NFPA 30. 3404.2.9.5.1.4 Location of tanks for unstable liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storage of unstable liquids shall be located in accordance with Tablc 4.3.2.1.4 of NFPA 30. 3404.2.9.5.1.5 Location of tanks for Class IIlB liquids. Above-ground tanks for the storage of Class IIlB liquids, excluciing ~instablcliquids, shall be located in accordancc with TabIe 4.3.2.1.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
of NFPA 30, except when locatcd within a dikcd area or drai~iagepath for LI tank or tanlts s t o r i ~ ~ g Class I or I l liquids. Whcrc a Class lllB liquid storage tank is within the diked area 01.drainage path for a Class I or IT liquid. distances rcquirctl by Section 3404.2.9.5.1.1 shall apply.
3404.2.9.5.1.6 Reduction of separation distances to adjacent property. Whcre two tank properties of diverse ownership have a common boundary, the fire code official is authoriacd to, with the written consent of the owners of the two properties, apply the distances in Scctions 3404.2.9.5.1.2 through 3404.2.9.5. I .5 assuming a single property. 3404.2.9.5.2 Separation between adjacent stable or unstable liquid tanks. Tlic sepafil.;ltionbetween tanks containing stable liquids shall be in accordance with Table 4.3.2.2.1 of NFPA 30. Whcre tanks are in a dikcd arca containing Class I or I1 licluids. or in the drainage path of Class 1 or 11 liquids, and are c o ~ n pacted in three or more rows or in an irregular pattern, the fire code official is authorized to requirc greater separation than specified in Table 4.3.2.2.1 of NFPA 30 or other means to make tanks in the interior of the pattern accessible for fire-fighting purposes. Exception: Tanks used for storing Class IIIB liqlids arc allowed to be spaced 3 fect (9 14 mm)apart unless within a diked arca or drainage path for a tank storing Class I or I1 11quids. The separation bctwecn tanks containing unstable liquids shall not be less than one-half tllc sitin ofthcir diameters. 3404.2.9.5.3 Separation between adjaccnt tanks containing flain~nableor combustible liquids and LP-gas. The ~ n i n i ~ n uhorizontal ~n separation between an LP-gas container and a Class I, I1 or llIA licluitl storagc tank shall be 20 feet (6006 mm) except in the operating at case of Class I, I1 or IIlA liquid la~~lcs pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 1tPa) or equipped with emergency venting allowing prcssurcs to exceed 2.5 psig (17.2 lea), in wlaich case the pr-ovisions of Section 1404.2.9.5.2 shall apply. An approved naeans shall be provided to prevent thc accumulation of Class 1, I1 or KIA liquids under adjacent LP-gas containers such as by dilics, diversion curbs or grading. Whcn tlammablc 01-conlbustible liquid storage tanks arc within a dikcd arca, the LP-gas containers shall hc outside the dikcd arca and at least 10 fcet (3048 nim) away from the ccntcl-linc of the wall of the diked arca. Exceptions: 1 . Liquefied petroleunl gas containers of 125 gallons (473 L) or less in capacity installed adjacent to fuel-oil supply tanks of 660 gallons (2498 L) or less in capacity. 2. Horizontal separation is not rcquired between above-ground LP-gas containers
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
and underground flammable and cornbustible liquid tanks.
3404.2.9.6 Additional requiren~entsfor protected above-ground tanks. In addition to the requirerncnts of this chapter for abovc-ground tanks, the installation of protcctcd above-ground tanks shall be in accordance with Scctions3403.2.9.6.1 through 3403.2.9.6.10. 3404.2.9.6.1 Tank construction. The construction of a protcctcd above-ground tank and its primary- tank shall be in accordancc with Section 3404.2.7. 3404.2.9.6.2 Normal and emergcncy vcnting. Normal a n d e m e r g e n c y v e n t i n g f o r p r o t c c t e d above-ground tanks shall be provided in accordancc w ~ t hSections 3404.2.7.3 and 3404.2.7.4. The vent capacity reduction factor shall not be allowed. 3404.2.9.6.3 Flame arresters. Approved flame arresters or pressurc vacuum brcather valves shall be installcd in normal vents. 3404.2.9.6.4 Secondary containment. Protected above-ground tanks shall be provided with secondary containment, drainage control or diking in accordance with Section 2704.2. A means shall be providcd to establish thc integrity of the secondary containment in accordance with NFPA 30. 3404.2.9.6.5 Vehicle impact protection. Where protcctcd abovc-ground tanks, piping, electrical conduit or dispensers are subject to vehicular impact, they shall be protected therefrom. either by having the impact protection incorporated into the system dcsign iu compliance with the impact test protocol of U1, 2085, or by meeting the provisions of Section 312. or where necessary, acornbination of both. Wherc guard posts or othcr approved barriers are provided, they shall be independent of each above-ground tank. 3404.2.9.6.6 Overfill prevenlion. Protected above-ground tanks shall not hc filled in excess of 95 percent of thcir capacity. An overfill prevention system shall be provided for each tank. During tank-filling operations, the system shall comply with one of the tbllowing: 1. The system shall: 1. I. Provide an independent means of notifying the person filling the tank that thc fluid lcvel has reached 90 percent of tank capacity by providing an audible or visual alarm signal, providing a tank level gaugc marlied at 90 percent of tank capacity, or other approved means: and 1.2. Automatically shut off the flow of fucl to the tank when the quantity of liquid in the tank reachcs 95 percent of tank capacity. For rigid hose fuel-delivery systems, an approved means shall be providcd to empty the fill hosc into the tank after the autolnatic shutoff devicc is activated.
2. The systcrli shall reducc the flow ratc to not more than 15 gallons per minute (0.95 Liscc j so that at the reduced flow ratc, thc tank will not shut overfill for 30 ~ninutes,and a~~tomatically off flow into the tank so that none of thc fittings on the top of the tank are cxposed to product because of overfilling.
3404.2.9.6.6.1 Information signs. A permanent sign shall be provided at the fill point lbr thc tank, documenting thc filling proccdurc and the tank calibration chart. Exception: Where climatic conditions arc such that the sign may be obscured by ice or snow, or weathered beyond readability or otherwise impaired, said procedures and chart shall be located in the office window. lock boa or othcr area accessible to the person filling thc tank. 3404.2.9.6.6.2 Determination of available lank capacity. The filling proccdurc shall rccluire the person filling the tank to d c t e ~ n ~ i nthe e gallonage (litcrage) required to fill it to 9Opcrccnt of capacity before commencing the fill operation. 3404.2.9.6.7 Fill pipe connections. Thc till pipe shall be provided with a means for malting a direct conncction to the tank vehicle's fuel delivery hosc so that the delivery of fuel is not cxposed to thc opcn air during the filling operation. Where any portion of the fill pipe cxterior to the tank extends bclow Lhe lcvel of thc top of the tank, a chcck valve shall bc installed in the fill pipe not more than 12 incl~cs(305 mm) from the fill hose connection. 3404.2.9.6.8 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons ( I 9 L,) shall be providedfor each till connection. For tanks with a top fill c o n n e c t i o n , s p i l l c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e nonco~nbustibleand shall bc fixed to thc tank and equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the priniary tank. For tanks with arcmotc fill conncction, a portable spill container shall be allowed. 3404.2.9.6.9 Tank openings. Tank openings in protected abovc-ground tanks sl~allbc through the top on1y. 3404.2.9.6.10 Antisiphon devices. Approved antisiphon devices shall bc installcd in each cxtcnial pipe connected to the protectcd above-ground tank when the pipe extends below the lcvcl of the top of thc tank. 3404.2.10 Drainage and diking. The arca surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall bc provided with drainage control or shall be diked to prevent accidental dischurgc of licluid from endangering adjacent tanks. adjoining property or reaching waterways. Exceptions: 1. The fire code official is authorized to altcr or waive these requirements based on a Lcchnical report which dcinonstrates that such tank or group of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
tanks docs not constitute a hazard to other tanks, waterways or adjoining propcrty, after considcration of:special features such as topographical conditions. nature of occupancy and proximity to buildings on the same or adjacent property, capacity, and construction of proposed tanks and character of liquids to be storcd, and nature and quantity of private and public fire protection provided. 2. Drainage control and diking is not rcquired for listed sccond:uy containment tanks.
3404.2.10.1 Volumetric capacity. The volulnctric capacity of the dihed area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid that call be released from the largest tankwithin the dikcd area. The capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank bclow the height of the dike. 3404.2.10.2 Dilted areas containing two or ~rlore tanlis. Dikcd areas containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided in accordatlce with NFPA 30. 3404.2.10.3 Protectio~~ of piping from exposure fires. Piping \hall not pass through adjacent diked arcas or i~npoundingbasins, unless providcd with a scaled sleeve se from cxposure to fire. or o t h c ~ w ~ protccted 3404.2.10.4 Combustible materials in diked areas. Dikcd arcas shall be kcpt free from combustible materials, drums and barrels. 3404.2.1 0.5 Eqmipmcnt, controls and piping in dilicd areas. Pumps, manifolds and fire protection cquiprnent or controls shall not be locatcd within diked arcas or drainage basins or in a location where such equipment and controls would be endangered by fire in the diked area or drainage basin. Piping above ground shall be minimized and located as close as practical to the shell of the tank in dikcd areas or drainage basins. Exceptions: 1. Pumps, manifolds and piping integral to the tanks or equipment being served which is protccted by inrennediate diking, benns, drainage or fire protection such as water spray, ~uonitors or resistive coating. 2. Pireprotect~onequipment or controls which are appurtenances to thc tanks or equipment bcing protcctcd, such as foarn chambers or foam piping and water or foarn monitors and hydrants, or hand and whecled extinguishers.
3404.2.11 Underground tanks. Underground storage of tlan~mableand combustiblc licluids in tanks shall comply with Section 3404.2 and Sections 3404.2.1 1.1 through 3404.2. L 1 5.2. 3404.2.11.1 Contents. Undergro~lndtanks shall not contain petroleuin products containing 111ixLures of a nonpctroleu~n nature, such as ethanol or methanol blends, without evidence of coriipa~ibility. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3404.2.11.2 Location. Flammablc and combu\tible Ilquid storage tanks located underground, either outsidc or under buildings, shall bc in accordancc with all of the following: 1 . Tanks shall be located with respect to existing foundations and supports such that thc loads carried by the lattcr cannot bc transmitted to the tank. any part of a tank storing liquids 3. The distance fr-o~n to the nearest wall of a basement, pit, ccllar, or lot linc stla11 not be lcss than 3 feet (914 mm).
3. A minimum distance of 1 foot (305 rnm), shell to shell, shall be rnaintaincd between underground tanks. 3404.2.11.3 Depth and cover. Excavation for undcrground storage tanks shall be madc with duc care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Underground tanks shall be set on finn foundations and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorr.osive incrt material, such as clcan sand. 3404.2.11.4 Overfill protcction and prevention systems. Fill pipes shall bc equipped with a spill container and an ovcrfill preve~itionsyalem in accordancc with NFPA 30. 3404.2.11.5 Leak prevention. Leak prcvcntion fix underground tanks shall comply with Sections 3404.2.1 1.5.1 and 1404.2.1 1.5.2. 3404.2.11.5.1 Inventory control. Daily inventory records shall be maintained for underground storage tank systems. 3404.2.11.5.2 1,eak detection. Underground storage tank systems shall be provided with an approved of the method of leak detection fro111any compo~~cnt system that is designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 30. 3404.2.12 Testing. Tank testing shall comply with Sections 3404.2.12.1 and 1404.2.13.1. 3404.2.12.1 Acceptancc testing. Prior to being placed into service. tanks shall be tested in accordance with Scction 4.4 of NFPA 30. 3404.2.12.2 Testing of underground tanks. Before being covered or placed in use, tanks and piping connected to underground tanks shall bc tcstcd for tiglitncss in thc presence of the fire codc official. Piping shall be tested in accordancc with Scction 3403.6.3. The systcm shall not be covercd until it has bcen appro\icti. 3404.2.13 Abandonment and status of tanks. Tanks taken out of service shall bc removcd in accordance with Scction 3404.2.14, or safeguarded in accordancc with Sectio~ls 3404.2.13.1 through 3104.2.1 3.2.3 and AP1 1604. 3404.2.13.1 Underground tanks. Undcrground tanks taken out of scrvice shall comply with Scctionb 3404.2.13.1.1 through 3404.2.13. I .5. 3404.2.13.1.1 Temporarily out of service. Underground tanks temporarily out of \ e n k c shall have thc fill line. gauge opening, vapor return and pump con-
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
~~cction secure against larnpcring. Vent lincs shall remain open and be maintained in accordancc with Section4 3404.2.7.3 and 3404.2.7.4.
3404.2.13.1.2 Out of service for 90 days. Undcrground tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be safcguardcd in accordance with all the following or be rcmoved in accordance with Section 3404.2.14: 1. Flanimable or combustible liquids shall be rcmovcd from the tank. 2. All piping, including fill line, gauge opening, vapor return and pump connection, shall be capped or plugged and secured from tampering. 3. Vent lines shall remain open and be maintaincd in accordance with Sectiorls 3404.2.7.3 and 3404.2.7.4.
3404.2.13.1.3 Out of scrvicc for one ycar. Underground tanks that have been out of service for a period of one year shall be rcmoved from the ground in accordancc with Scction 3404.2.14 or abandoned in place in accordancc with Section 3404.2.13.1.4. 3404.2.13.1.4 Tanks abandoned in place. Tanks abandoned in place shall be as follows: I . Flamrilablc and combustible liquids shall be removed from the tank and connected piping. 2. The suction, inlet, gauge, vapor return and vapor lines shall be disconnected. 3. Thc tank shall be filled completely with an approved inert solid material. Exception: Residential heating oil tanks of 1.100 gallons (4 163 L) or less, provided the fill line is permanently removed to a point below grade to prcvcnt refilling of the tank. 4. Remaining underground piping shall be cappcd or plugged. 5. A record of tank size, location and date of abandonment shall be retained. 6. ,411 exterior above-grade fill piping shall be permanently rcmovcd when tanks are abandoned or rcmoved. 3404.2.13.1.5 Reinstallation of underground tanks. Tanks which are to be reinstalled for flammable or combustible liquid service shall be in accordance with this chapter, ASME Boilcr ~lrzdPressztre \.'c..~selCodc. (Section VIII), API 12-P. API 1615, UL, 58 and UL 1316. 3404.2.13.2 Above-groundtanks. Above-ground tanks taken out of service shall comply with Sections 3304.2.13.2.1 through 3404.2.13.2.3. 3404.2.13.2.1 Temporarily out of service. Above-ground tanks temporarily out of service shall havc all connecting lines isolated from the tank and be secured against tampering. ISxception: In-place firc protection ( h a m ) systcm lincs.
3404.2.13.2.2 Out of service for 90 days. Above-ground tanks not used for a pcriod of 90 days shall be safeguarded in accordancc with Section 3404.2.13.1.2 or rernoved in accordancc with Scction 3404.2.14. Exceptions:
1. Tariks and containers conncctcd to oil hurncrs that are not in use during the warm season of the ycar or arc uscd a4 a backup heating system to gas. 2. In-place, active firc protection (foam) system lines.
3404.2.13.2.3 Out of service for one year. Above-ground tanks that havc been out of scrvicc for a pcriod of one year shall be removed in accordancc with Section 3404.2.14. Exception: Tanks within operating facilities. 3404.2.14 Removal and disposal of tanks. Removal and disposal of tanks shall conlply with Sections 3404.7.14.1 and 3404.2.14.2. 3404.2.14.1 Removal. Removal of above-ground and underground tanks shall be in accordancc with all of the following: 1. Flammable and combustible liqu~dsshall be removed from the tank and connected piping. 2. Piping at tank openings that is not to be uscd PLITthcr shall be disconnected.
3. Piping shall be removed from the ground.
Exception: Piping is allowed to be abandoned in place wherc the fire code official determines that removal is not practical. Abandoned piping shall be capped and safeguarded as rccluired by the firc code officiial. 4. Tank openings shall bc capped or plugged, leaving a 0.125-inch to '1,-inch-diameter (3.2 nlrn to 6.4 nlm) opening for pressure eclualization. 5. Tanks shall bc purged of vapor and incrted prior to renloval. 6. All exterior above-grade fill and vent piping shall be permanently removed.
Exception: Piping associated with bulk plants, terminal facilities and refineries. 3404.2.14.2 Disposal. Tanks shall be disposed of in accordance with federal, statc and local regulations. 3404.3 Container and portable tank storage. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers that do not exceed 60 gallons (227 L) in individual capacity and portable tanks that do not exceed 660 gallons (2498 L) In indrvidual capacity, and limited transfers incidental therelo, shall comply with this section. 3404.3.1 Design, construction and capacity of containers and portable tanks. The design, const~vctionand capacity of containers for the storage of Class I, 11 and lIlA liquids I 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
D
shall bc in accordance with this scction and Section 6.2 of NFPA 30.
3404.3.1.1 Approved containers. Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. 3404.3.2 Liquid storage cabinets. Where other sect~onsof t h ~ codc s require that liquid containers bc storcd In storage cab~ncts.such cabincts and storage shall be in accordance with Sections 3403.3.2.1 through 3404.3.2.3, 3404.3.2.1 Design and constructio~iof storage cabinets. Dcsign and construction of 11qu1dstorage cab' nets shall bc in accordance with this section. 3404.3.2.1.1 Materials. Cabinets shall he li\tzd in accordance with UL 1275, or constructedof approved wood or metal in accordancc with the following:
I . Unlisted mctal cabinets shall be constructcd of stccl having a thickncss of not less than 0.043 inch (I. 12 mm) (I 8 gage). The cabinct. including thc door, shall be double walled with 1 '/,-inch (38 mm) airspacc bctween the walls. Joints shall be rivetcd or wcldcd and shall be tight fitting.
2. Unlistcd wooden cabinets, including doors. shall be constructed of r~olless than I-inch (25 111nl) cxterior grade plywood. Joints shall be rabbcted and shall be fasrened in two directions with wood screws. Door hinges shall be of stccl or brass. Cabincts shall bc painted with an inturncscent-typc paint.
3404.3.2.1.2 Labeling. Cabinets shall be providcd with a conspicuous label in rcd Ictters on contrasting background which reads: FLAMMABLE-KEEP FlRE AWAY. 3404.3.2.1.3 Doors. Doors shall be well fitted, self-closing and cquippcd with a three-point latch. 3404.3.2.1.4 Bottom. Thc bottom of the cabinct shall he liquid tight to a height of at least2 inches ( 5 1 nlnl).
*
3404.3.2.2 Capacity. The combined total quantity of liquids in a cabinct shall not cxcccd 120 gallons (454 L). 3404.3.3 Indoor storage. Storage of flammable and cornbustiblc liquids inside buildings in containers and portable tanks shall bc in accordancc with this section. Exceptions: 1. Liquids in the fucl tanks of motor vehicles, aircraft, boats or portable or stationary cnginca. 2. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in
wooden barrels or casks.
3404.3.3.1 Portable firc extinguishers. Approved portable file extinguishers shall bc provided In accordancc with spccific scctions of this chapter and Section 906.
2006 lNTERNATlONAL FlRE CODE@
3404.3.3.2 Incompatible materials. hilaterials that will react with water or other liqnids to produce a harard \hall not be storcd in the same room with fl;lmnlable and combustible liquids in accordance with Sect~on2703.9.8. 3404.3.3.3 Clear means of egress. Storagc of any liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored near or be allowcd to obstruct physically the route of egress. 3404.3.3.4 Empty containers or portable tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and containcrs previonsly used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless frcc from cxplosive vapors, shall be storcd as required for filled containers and portablc tanks. Portable tanks and contai~lcrs,whcn cmptied, shall have the covers or plugs imn~ediatclyreplaced in openings. 3404.3.3.5 Shelf storage. Shclving shall hc of approved construction, adequately braccd and anchored. Scisniic recluircmcnts shall be in accordancc with thc Irlt4~rrzoriolznl Bl~iltlirzgCodc. 3404.3.3.5.1 Use of wood. Wood of at least 1 inch (25 nlm) nominal thickness is allou,cci to be used as shclving, racks, dunnagc, scufll,oards. floor ovcrlay and similar ~nstallations. 3404.3.3.5.2 Displacement protection. Shclvcs shall be of sufficient tlcpth and probided with a lip or guard to prevent individual containcrs from heing displaced. Exception: Shelvcs in storage cabinets or 011 laboratory furniture specifically designcd for such usc. 3404.3.3.5.3 Ordcrly storage. Shclf storage of flammable and combustiblc liquids shall be maintained in an orderly manner. 3404.3.3.6 Rack storage. Where storage on racks is allowed elsewhere in this codc. a minimum 4-foot-wide ( 12 19 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rack sections and any adjacc~ltstorage of licluids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 fcct (2438 m n ~ wide. ) 3404.3.3.7 Pile or palletized storage. Solid pile 2nd palletized storage in liquid warehouses shall bc arrangcd so that piles are separated from each other by at least 4 fcet ( 1219 111111). Aisles shall be provided and arranged so that no container or portablc tank is Inore than 20 fcet (6096 mm) from an aisle. Main aislcs shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438 mm) widc. 3404.3.3.8 Limited cornbustiblc storage. Limitecl quantities of combustible com~noditicsarc allowed to be stored in liquid storage areas where the 01-dinary cornbustiblcs, othes than those uscd for packaging the Iicluids. are separated from the liquids in storage by a either by minimum of 8 feet (2438 nim) horizo~~t;~lly, opcn aisles or by open racks, and whcrc protection is provided in accordancc with Chapter 9.
3404.3.3.9 ldlc combustible pallets. Storage of empty or idle combustible pallets inside an unprotected liquid storagc area shall be limited to a nlaxi~nurnpile size of 2,500 square fect (232 m2) and to a maxi~unmstorage height of 6 fect (1829 mm). Storage of empty or idle combustiblc pallets inside a protected liquid storage area shall comply with NFPA 13 and NFPA 230. Pallet storage shall be separated from liquid storage by aisles that are at least 8 feet (2438 mm) wide.
I
1. Croup A occupancies: Quantities in Group A occupancies shall not excced that neccss:lry for demonstration, trcatmcnt, laboratory work, maintenancc purposes and operation of et~uipmctit.and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Tablc 2703.1.1(1). 2. Group B occupancics: Quantitics in drinking. dining, office and school uses within Croup B occupancies shall not excccd that neccssary for demonstration, treatment, laboratory worl,. maintenance purposes and operation of equipnicnt, and shall not cxceed quantities sct forth in Tablc 2703.1.1(1).
3404.3.3.10 Containers in piles. Containers in piles shall hc stacked in such a manner as to provide stability and to prevent exccssi\ie strcss on container walls. Portablc tanlts storctl more than one ticrhigh shall bc designcd to nest securely. without dunnage. Material-handling equipment shall bc suitable to handle containers and tanlts safely at the upper ticr le\iel.
3. Group E occupancics: Quantities in Croup E occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for dcinonstration. trcatmcnt, laboratory work, maintenancc purposcs and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed q~~antitics set forth in Table 2703.1.1 ( 1).
3404.3.4 Quantity limits for storage. Liquid storage quantity limitations shall comply with Sections 3404.3.4.1 through 3404.3.4.4.
4. G r o ~ F ~ poccupancies: Quantities in dining. officc, and school uses within Group F occupancics shall not cxceed that nccessary for dcmonstrntion, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantitics set forth in Table 2703.1 .I(]).
3404.3.4.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. For occupancies other than Group M wholesale and retail sales uscs, indoor storage of flammable and combustiblc liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantitics per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) and shall not exceed the additional limitations set forth in this section.
5. Group I occupancies: Quantitics in Group I occupancies shall not cxceed that necessary for dcmonstration, laboratory work. maintcnancc pul-poscs and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).
For Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uscs, indoor storagc of flainmable and combustible liquids shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area indicated in Tablc 3404.3.4.1.
6. Group M occupancies: Quantitics in dining, office. and school uses within Group M occupancies shall not exceed that nccessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenancc purposes and opcration of equipment, and shall not excccd quantities set forth in Table 2703.1.1 ( 1). The maximn~~m allowable quantities for storage in whole-
Storagc of hazardous production material flammable and combustiblc liquids in Croup H-5 occupancies shall bc in accordance with Chapter 18.
3404.3.4.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits for quantities of stored flanilnable or combustible liquids sllall not be exceeded:
TABLE 3404.3.4.1 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIESa
, i
.
AREA (gallons) _ MAXIMUM, ALLOWABLE - . .QUANTITY PER CONTROL .. ~.~ ----
.
Sprinkleredbper footnote -
~
~.-. ..
VPE~OFL~QU~D ... densitiesandarranaemen!~
/
Sprinklered per Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through
340?.3.83(9)a?d ?!e 34~4.3J15.! 60
60
class IB. Ic,!!alldVIIA Class IIIB
..
-
-
.
-1
.
I
7 500' .
Unlimi ted
_
LI
.
. .
15.000' . -Unlimiicd
. .
-
---
.
~~
~
a
I
Nonsprinklered~ . .~
~
..
I
. ~...
I
.---- -
.
- - ~ - ~
30 ~~
--
--
~
1,500 ----. 13.200
For SI: I foot = 301.8 mm, I 5qu:lre foot = 0.0929n1', 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gcillon per minute per sqnare foot = 40.75 I./min/m2. a. Cont~r)lareas shall be separated from each other by not less than u I-hour lire harrier wall. b. To bc considered as sprinklered, ;I building shall he equipped throughout with an approvrdautomatic sprinkler system with adesignpro\idingminin~urndcnsitics
as follows: I. For uncartonedcommoditics on shelves 6 fcet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 fret, quantities al-ethose allowed will1 a ininimu~n sprinkler d e s i p density of Ordinaly Harard Group 2. 2. For carto~lcd,palletizcd or racked commodities whcre storage is 4fcet 6 inches or less in height aud where Ihe ceiling heiglitdoes not cxceed 18 feet, quantitics are (hose allowed with ;I minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 g ~ l l o nper nlinute per squarc foot over the most remote 1,500-square-fim~ilrca. c. Wlierc wholesole andrct:iil sale.; or storage :ireas evcccd 50,000 squarc feel i n urea, the niaximum allow-ablequi~ntitiesare allowed to he i~lcrctlsedI,y2 percclltfor e:~ch1.000 square feet of area in cxccss oS50,000squa1~eSect, up to a maxiniuni of 100 percent of tllr table arnounts. A control area sepnn-:~tioni s not l ~ q u i ~ . eThe d. cumulative amounts, including nlnounts attained by having an additinl~alcoi~trolarea, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons. 320
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
salc a11d rcta~lsales arcas shall be in accordance with Section 3404.3.4.1. 7. C ~ o u pR occupancies: Quant~t~cs in Group R occupancies shall not cxcced that necessary for maintct~anccpurposes and operation of cquipInent, and shall not exceed quantities set forth i n Tablc 2703.1.1 (I). 8. Group S occupa~icies:Quantities in dining and officc uses within Group S occupancies shall not cxcced that necessaly for demonstration, laboratory work, maintcnance piuposes and operation of equipment, and shall not cxceed quantities set forth in Tablc 2703.1.1(1).
3404.3.4.3 Quantities exceeding limits for control areas. Qu;untities excecdi~igthosc allowed in control areas sct forth in Section 3404.3.4.1 shall be in liquid slorage rooms or liquid storage warehouses in accordance with Sections 3404.3.7 and 3404.3.8. 3404.3.4.4 Liquids for maintenance and operation of equipment. In all occupancics. quantities of ilanimable and co~nbustiblcliquids in excess of I0 gallons (38 L) uscd for maintcnance purposes and the operation of ecluipmcnt shall hc storcd in liquid storage cabinets in accordance with Section 3104.3.2. Quantities not cxcceding 10 gallons (38 L ) arc alloweti to be stored outside of 3 cabinet when in approved containers located in private garages or other approved locations. 3404.3.5 Storage in control areas. Storage of flammable ant1 co~nbustiblcliquids in contrc~larcas shall be in accordance with Sections 3404.3.5.1 through 3404.3.5.4. 3404.3.5.1 Basenlent storage. Class I liquids shall be allowcd to be storcd in basements in amounts not cxcceding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca for use-open systems in Table 2703.1 .I (1). provided that automatic suppression and other firc protection arc providcdin accordance with Chaptcr9. Class11and llIA liquids shall also be allowed to be $tored in bascinents, providcd that automatic suppression and other fire protcction are provided in accordancc with Chapter 9. 3404.3.5.2 Storage pile heights. Containcrs having l e s than a 30-gallon ( I 14 L) capacity which contain Class 1 or 11 liquids shall not be stac.kcd morc than 3 feet (914.4 mm) or two containers high. whichever is greater. unless stacked on fixed shelving or otherwise satisfactorily secured. Containers of Class 1 or 11 liquids having a capacity of 30 gallons ( 1 14 L) or more shall not be storcd morc than one container high. Containcrs shall be stored in a11 upright position. 3404.3.5.3 Storage distance from ceilings and roofs. Piles of containers or portablc tanks shall not bc stored closcr than 3 feet (9 14 nini) to the nearest bcam, chord, girdcr or other obstruction. and shall be 3 feet (914 nim) below sl~rinklcrdctlcctors or disclial-georifices of water spray or other overhead fire protcction system. 3404.3.5.4 Comb~sstiblematerials. In arcas that are inacccssible t o thc public: Class I, I1 and IIIA liquids 2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
shall no1 be storcd in the sa~ncpilc ur rack s e c t i o ~as~orclinary con~bustiblecommodities unlcss such materials are packaged together as kits.
3404.3.6 Wholesale and retail sales uses. Flamniable and combustible liquids in GI-oup M occupancy wholcsalc and retail sales uses shall bc in nccordancc with Scctions 3404.3.6.1 through 3404.3.6.5, or Sections 6.4.3.3.6.5.6.7, 6.8.2, Tables 6.8.l(a) through (f); and Figures 6.X.?(a) through (d) of NFPA 30. 3404.3.6.1 Container type. Containcrs for Class I liquids shall bc mctal. Exception: In sprinklercd buildings, an aggregate quantity of 120 gallons (454 L) of water-miscible Class 1B and Class IC liquids is allowed in nonmetallic containers, each having a capacity of 16 ounccs (0.473 L) or less. 3404.3.6.2 Container capacity. Containers for Class 1 liquids sliall not cxcced a capacity of 5 gallons (10 L). Exception: Metal cont:~incrs not cxcccding 55 gallons (3-08 L) are allowcd to store up to 140 gallons (908 L) of the niaximum allowable quantity per control area of Class IB and 1C liquids in a control area. The building shall bc equipped thl.oughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Table 3404.3.4.1. The containers shall be providcd with plastic caps without cap scals and shall be stored upright. Containers shall not be stacked 01. stored in racks and shall not bc located in areas accessiblc to the public. 3404.3.6.3 Fire protection and storage arrangements. Fire protcction and container storage arrangements shall be in accordancc with l'ahle 3404.3.6.3(1) or the following: 1. Storage on shelves shall not exceed 6 feet ( 1829 mm) in height, and shelving shall he metal. 2. Storage on pallets or in piles greater than 4 feet 6 inchcs (1372 mm) in height, or wherc thc ceiling exceeds 18 feet (5486 mm) i n height, shall he protected in accordance with Table 3404.3.6.3(4),and the storage heights and urangcmcnts shall bc liniited to thosc specified in Tablc 3404.3.6.3(2). 3. Storagc on racks greater than 4 fcct 6 inches ( 1 377 111rn)in height, or where thc ceiling cxcccds 18 fcct (5486 mm) in height shall be protcctcd in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(5), 3404.3.6.3(6), and 3404.3.6.3(7) as appropriate, and thc stornge hcights and arrangemclits shall bc li~nitcdto those specified in Tablc 3404.3.6.3(3). Con2bustible commodities shall not be stored abovc flammable and combustibic liquids. 3404.3.6.4 warning for containers. All cans. containers and vcsscls containi~igflammable liquids or tlam~nable liquid compounds or mixturcs offercd for salc sliall bc provided with a war-ningindicator, painted or printcd on the container and stating that thc liquid is flammable. and shall be kept away from heat ~rncian opcn flan~c.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3404.3.6.5 Storage plan. When required by fire the code official, aisle and storage plans shall be submitted in accordance with Chapter 77.
3404.3.7.2 Quantities and arrangement of storage. The cluantity lirnirs and storage arrangemcrlts i n liquid storagc rooms shall be in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(2) and 3404.3.6.3(3) and Scctions 3404.3.7.2.1 through 3404.3.7.2.3.
3404.3.7 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storage rooms shall cornply with Sections 3404.3.7.1 through 3404.3.7.5.3.
3404.3.7.2.1 Mixed storage. Where tu:o or more classes of liquids are stored in a pile or rack section:
3404.3.7.1 General. Quantities of liquids exceeding thosc set forth in Section 3404.3.4.1 for storage in control areas shall be stored in a liquid storage room complying with this section and constructed and separated as required by the hlternutionul Buildi~igCode.
,
. . ...
-
_~
-.. - . -- .-- . .
I
!
1 . . TYPE OFLIQUID . . I..
i
1 Flammable liquids: i
Class [A Class IB Class IC
1 1 Combustible liquids: Class IIIA I L Glass ?!!I . . . For SI: I foot = 304.8 mrn.
I
TABLE 3404.3.6,3(1) MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT IN CONTROL AREA
.
-i.--..
1. The quantity in that pile or rack shall not exceed the smallest of the maximum quantities For the classes of liquids stored in accordance with Table 3404.3.6.3(1j or 3404.3.6.3(3); and
~-~
NONSPR~NKLERED AREA (feet)
~
SP SPRINKLE(feet) RED AREA 1 ---.-p-..-.-p-..
--...-p.-....--
I i
' 4 4 4
/
I
4 8
I
x
I
1
.
.
.
.
.
1I
I
i
-
.
.
j
i I 1
--
-
~~
-~ -
- .--
.-~ ~
-
-
.
8 12 12
1 .
12 16 20 . .
1
I
~
3 12 12..-
1
I
.
S P R ~ N K L E R EWITH D ~ IN-RACKPROTECTION (feet) . . .. . . I
1
I I
i
I
6 8 8
)
1I
1 _
--
.. . -
- . !.
~~-~
a. In-rack PI-otcctionshall he in accol-tlancc withTdhle 3404.3.6.3(5), 3404.3.6.3(6) or 1404..3.0.3(7).
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(2) STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PALLETlZED OR SOLID-PILE STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES MAXIMUM STORAGE HEIGHT
For' SI: I fool = 304.8 mm, I gallon = 3.785 L. a. See Section 340$.?.8.1 for unlimited qi~antitiesin liqu~dstorage \va~r:houscs. b. Sto~-agchcights are allowed to be increased for Class IB. 1C1. 11 and 111 liquids in ~netalcontainers having n capacity of 5 gaIlons or Icsh where an automatic i\FFF-waler protection systen is provided in nccord:tnce withTahle 3404.3.7.5.1. c. Thcse height li~uitntionsarc allowed to hc increased ro I 0 Sect for containers having a cnpacicy of 5 gallons or less. d. Fol~pnlletircdstur'ageoFunsatur;ltcdpolyester resins (UPR) in relieving-style metal cl>nlainerswith 50 percent or less by weight Class 1C nr 11liquid and IIO Class li\orIB liquid. heizllt sndpilc quanlity li~nilsshall be pcrn~illedto be I0 Ceet and 15,000gallons.respcctively,pro\~idcd that such storage is protectcdby apri~~klers in accordance with NFPA 30 nlltl that the UPR >toragearea is not located in thc same contair~mentarea or drailla,oc path for other Class I or I1 liquids.
322
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
? The height of storage in that pile or lack shdl not
3403.3.7.3 Spill control and secondary containn~ent. Liquid storagc rooms shall be provided with spill control and scconda~ycontairlmcnt in accoldance with Scct~on 2704 2.
exceed the smallcat of the maximum heights for the classes of liquids stored in accordance with Tablc 3404.3.6.3(2) 01 3404.3.6.3(3).
3404.3.7.4 Ventilation. Liquid storagc rooms shall hc ventilated in accordar~cewith Section 27104.3.
3404.3.7.2.2 Separation and aisles. Piles shall be separated froin each other by at least 4-foot (1119 mm) aisles. Aisles shall be provided so that all containcrs arc 20 feet (6096 mm) or less from an aisle. Whcrc the storage of liquids is on raclts, a minirnum 4-foot-wide 11219 mm) aisle shall be provided between adjacent rows of racks and adjacent storage of licluids, lMain aisles shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2338 nim) wide. ~
3404.3.7.5 Fire protection. Fire protection for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Scctions 3404.3.7.5.1 and 3404.3.7.5.2. 3404.3.7.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storagc rooms shall be protected by autor~iaticsprinkler systems installed in accordance with Chnptcr 9 and Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1. In-rack sprinklers shall also comI ply with NFPA 13. h~itomaticfoam-water systems and a ~ ~ t o m a t i c aqueous film-forming foam (AIZFF) water spl.inl;lcr systc~nsshall not be used except when approvcd. Protection criteria developed fi-oin firc nodc cling or full-\tale fire testing conducted at an appro\ cd tcst~ng laboratory are allowed in lieu of the protection as shown In Tables .3404.3.6.3(2) through 3404.3 6.3(7) and Tablc 3404.3.7 5.1 when approved 3404.3.7.5.2 Portal~lefire extinguishers. A mini11111n1 of one approved portable fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 and having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located no1 less than 10 feet (3048 nim) or more than 50 feet (1.5 240 mm) from any Class 1 or I1 liquid storage area located outside of a liquid storagc room. A minimum of one portable firc extingui.shcr having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not nlorc than 10 feet (3048 mm) from, the door opening into a licluid storage room.
~
Adtlitional aislcs shall be prolrided for access to doors, rccluired windows and venti1;ltion openings, standpipe connections, nlechnnical equipment and switches. S~rchaisles shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) in width, unless greater widths are required for separation of piles or racks, in which case the greater width shall be provided.
3404.3.7.2.3 Stabilizing and supports. Containers and piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage to pro\lidc stability and to prevent exccssivc strcss to container \valls. Portable tanks stored over one tier shall be designed to nest sec~irelywithout dunnage. Requirements for portable tank design shall be in accordance with Chapter 6 of NFPA 30. Shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay arid similar installations shall be of noncombustible construction or 01' wood not less than a I -inch (25 mrn) nominal t1.1ickncss. Adeq~iatcmaterial-handling eijuipmcnt shall be available to handle tanks safely at upper tiel. levels.
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(3) STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS - FOR RACK STORAGE IN LIQUID STORAGE ROOMS AND WAREHOUSES
r--.-----.
1----
I
.
.
-
--
-
.-
TYPE RACK
Containers
IA -
Containers
25 15
7,500 4.500
25
.~
Ground flour Basements
Not .411owed
15.000 9,000 Not Allowed~
Ground floor
25 25
24,000 24,000
40 20 20
48,000 21.000
Upper floors
I1
Doublc row or Si~iglerow I blvlullirow /Double row 1 Single row
Ground iloor Upper iloors I , Basements --
-_____1__--
I fool = 304.8 mm, I ~ d l l o n= 3.7X5 1.. a. Sce Sectioi~3404.3.8.1 for ut~lirnikdqnarrtities
Ii i
.
-
~~
~
-
For SI:
2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
iri
I
liquid storngc wat.ehouscs.
323
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(4) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKSa STORAGE CONDITIONS
.
I
1 Class L.--lqu!
-
Density
~:
~
0.30
i
5,000
8.000
2.
L~
.
0.60
5.000
i 0.00
~
~
:~LEG&L-
3,000 I
I
100
1
~
-
80
~
0.25
8.000
I !
1 t1
100
100
!
, 8.000
i 8,000
~
5,000
~
80
i_
80
I
120
750
!
3,000
I
;.-_
0.35 --
i-.----C_--~
-
I
5,000
4 1 120
I
+
I
5,000
0.2.s.~---i 0 50
3.000
-i
~
1 I
I
5.000
!
+
750
I
I
2
i
!
+
i
5,000
1
I
1 100
I A
i
I
i
3L000
500 ~
I
3.000
~
I
I
~L-
2
500
1,
~
j
~
I
!
.i -
I
1
;P~rraPLt?&~o!lehiooL
5,000
~-:
----.-..--I
Poltable tanks, two hlgh
8
MINIMUM DURATION SPRINKLERS AND HOSE STREAMS
I
5,000
I
0.25
i Containers greater than 5 gallons, on pallets or solid I I pile, on end or sides, up lo 18 i fcet hieh
:
I
!
I
Portable tanks-_- two. .hi-h -.K L I 5 gallo~lsor less, with or I without cartons. palletized or 1 solid pile
pile, on end or sides, up lo
MINIMUM HOSE STREAM
1
~
I
i
0.60
!
i gallons on pallets or solid
Maximum spacing
__C
~
/ Cont:~inersgrealer than 5
1
5.000
I
1 1
3,000
I
L..~
J
I
I
Containers greater than 5 j gallons on pallcis or solid pile. more than one high. on i i end or s ~ d e
TI
Ordinary
5 gallons or less, with or I without cartons, palletized or 1 0.30 3,000 solid pile" .~ L._~ L~--~ I Co11tainel.s greater than 5 I j gallons on pallets or solid 0.25 5,000 pile. one high I 1 !
IB, IC and I1
.
l s p ! ! ! . ~ - - - ~ ~ . _..s_p'i"klerssS~ ~ ~ m ~ e ~ ~ - s _ p ' i ? k l e ~ - . - ~DEE!! s ~ ~ a&!i?!'!)e ~ ~.i~ e t r - (lourrl.~
5 gallons or less, with or without cartons, palletized or solid pileh L Containers greater than 5 gallons. on end or side, palletized or solid pile
High-temperature
I
I
Area (square-feet)
.
~ont!in.r-si~n~%~em!?;
i
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND
.
170
500 ~
80
750
iI
I
I
2
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. 1 p l l o n = 3.7S5 L. 1 squai-r foot = 0.0929 m'. 1 p l l o n per minute = 3.785 Lim, 1 gallon per minute per square h o t = 40.75 Llrninlnl'. a, Thz dea~gnarea contemplates the use of Clacs 11 standpipe system.;. Whsrc Cliivs 1 standpipe ~yrtzmhare used. the area of application shall he increased hy .iil percent without rrvising densiiy. he PI-ovided in accordance will1 Szction 104.7.1. h. FOI-storng? heights above 4 feet or ceiling hei~htsgreater than IS feet, an approved enginzering design d\'l
-
-
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(5) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH OR WITHOUT CARTONS ON CONVENTIONAL WOOD PALLETSa
*-aI
i
'
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND
8
1
IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMAND
,
30 PSI (standard orifice).r-- - -
-,
i
D CLASSLIOUID
-,
n
- -~
14psi (large orifice)
Racks more than 9 feet to 12 feet deep
Racks up to 9 feet deep
I. Ordinary temperature. quick- I . Ordinary temperature, quick-' c maxinlum 6 : response sprinklcrs, mnxi~num8 , r c s p v ~ ~ ssprinklers, ! feel 3 inches horizon:al .;pacinf feet 3 inches hurizon~al\pacing I (maximum -fool heifh Option I
0.40
1
5'000
3'000
I,. I
I ,~
' (tnaximum 25-foot height)
1
I
0.55
I ;
I . Ordinary temperature, q u i c k - I . Orclinary temperalure, quick-1 : respunst sprinklcrs. maximum 8 1 response sprinkler?. ~iiozirnum8; I feet 3 inches horizontal spacing I feet 3 inches horizontal spacing 100 fl'lhcad 2 , se, 2 2. See 2 ahove
Not *pp,,c;1,1,
',"'a* II
3 . See 4 aha\ e
3 . See 3 above l i . See 4 ahove
I
I
~
i3, S z e 3 h o \ e
I 1
2
I
I and I1 ) (~niiximu~n 1 I 14-four storage 1 I 0.i5' height) I
!
1
-
I
Not
Applicable
I
three tiers)- -.I ---
I
1
(masimu~n ' 25-foot height)
:
0.30
1
3,000
1
2
~
.
I
111 ot lleiF,lt,~ 0.25 --
Fur SI: a.
h.
E
c. d.
1 ioch = 25.4 ililn. I
)
3.000
:
I
I
1I Not Applicable )
Not Applicable
i
5.U00 -
120 ft2/hs:ld
)
500
I
t---
~
~
Hydl-;iulic:~llymost renlote-sis spiinklers at each level, u p to a maximum of three levels
i
30 psi
stagpered vertical and u i t h ~ n20: inchcs (11tlirle
1
14 S h ~ e l d srequired where multi-4. Shieldsrcquired~vhei~cmuIlile\~el : lu\,el
I
Not A~plicable
i
.
: 3 , L o c a t c in l u r ~ g i t u d i i ~ af li n e i space. ~ l a ~ g e ~vertical -ed !
.~-; ----..-L.-.---
Sec 1 through 4 above
--------I_
i
5,000
I
i
I4 psi
(0.53-inch orifice)
; I . Ordinttry lemperature sprinklers! 1. Ortlinuty temperature ~prinklers8 8 feet opal1 horizont:lliy ; feel :~pm-lhorizi,ntally l ; I .One lint sprinklers betweenlc\,-il. Two lines hetwczn level5 at near-: I, cis at nearest 10-foot vertical' cst 10-hot vcrlicai irllcrvals 100 fi'/hea(i i~~ter\~als 13 Locale in lransverse flue spaces,^
I
i
II
Not Applica1,le Nonz fiir ~naxirni~m 6-foot-deep racks
i
j
!
I
I 100 ftyhcacl :
-.
,
I
'
i
6,
'Ihead
4--
1I
1
, I . Eighl s p r i n k l e r s i f ' only one level
I
1 I
-.
;
:
!
i
Number of sprinklers operating
2 . Six sprinklers rach i ~ n i / I . Onc line sprinkler.; sbovc eachi2. One line sprinkler.; above each1 two levels if only two, 1 level of storage 30 levels level of storage I 750 l.,ocate in lon_vjtl~dillalflucj?. l A o c a c in transverse flue spaces,: (0.5-inch onficci i Six sprinklers eacl10111 j top t1i1t.e levels, i f ' I sp:~cc.sttigperriivi.rtic;rl staggel.rd vcrtical and \\.ithin 201 three or more l e v e l (.4. Shield.: reqilirerl where multi-; i''"hes of '1. Hydraulically niostl 1 le~~el 4 . Shields requiredw!lere multllcvel , i i ' remote
I I
; :
I MINIMUM : ; MINIMUM , DURATION ! HOSE SPRINKLER; STREAM AND HOSE DEMAND STREAM ; (gpm) 1 (hours) '
-
-C-~
S a ~ n eas for Class I1 liquids ~
~ - ~-.--
Some a i For Class 11 l~quids
'
L
30 psi -_-..--L---_..-_-~-.___----~-l
i
1 \
I
i
I
+.
~
Same as for Class 11 liquids
1 :
2
750
~.l
i
1
2
500 ~
Ibul = 3W.Y 111rn.I sqlurc i u u l = 0.09Z9m'. 1 pvwid pcr rqum-c.inch =6.S'J5 kPn. I gsllclil = 3.785 1..I g:illon pel- rnln~ile= 3 785 L!tn. I :dllon pci- niinull; ],el- S ~ L I I I I L .! ~ J ( I L = 40.75 Lfl~iililni'. Thc dciigr .irca cilnlcrnplatci the usc of Clac.; TI .;talidpipc sy~lc~na. Wh-le CI:IS; I ctandpipe ?ystcms arc 11scd.thi. are:! of ;ipplicat~o~i shall be incre:lscd b! -30 ~icrccritwilhoul rcviring dr11:itj Using listcli nr approved axfr:~-largeorifices. high-tu~nper.~turc quiili-~e\l~one ;lr
-1
ii z m c
UJ
3
Prn !=
!a
5
0
FLAMMABLE AND COMiBUSTlBLE LlQUlDS
Y)
G-' -u P?O!
qu!
321 S rrl
;I-%I u ! cj
a j1 IT:
2'1 Z ! W j
5' = g!i =1 5 Fi IT:j
0'
w;
E1
n. i
326
2086 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(7) AUTOMATIC RACK STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN CONTAINERS GREATER THAN 5-GALLON -- AFFF WATER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR -. ~
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND
m I
Z
B
L
Area (square feet) ~.~
I
I CLASS LIQUID 1
2
n rn
!
8
!
, ' ~L
_~
I
I
I
I
1
~
1 IA, IB, IC and I1
i
On-end storage of drums on pallets, up to 25 feet
operating
i
Hosestream demandd (gpm)
0.30
1,500
1
(minimum)
(hours)
15
2
1. Ordinary teinperatlrre spl-inkler up: to I0 feet apart llorirontally
i
1
i
2,500
500
levelofstorage :3. 1,ocate i l l longitudilial floe space,! 1 staggered vertically
;
I
I
1
DURAT
; AFFF SU
~
;2. One line sprinklers above each;
I
i
level
I
(
! i 3 . Shields recluircd for multilevel 1 1 1 -_ -. ForS1: I ~nch= 25.1 nim, 1 foot = 301.8 mm,1 square foot = 0.0929 111'. 1 pound per .;quare inch = 6.895 kP:i. I pall011= 3.785 L. I yallorl pel- minute = 3.785 Liin, 1 c9;1llonpel ininutt: pel quare hot = 40.75 Liminim2. a. Sysleni shall he ;I closed-hcnd &et systrrn with approved devices for propo~lioningaqueous film-for~ii~ng foam. 11. Except 2s ~uodif'icdherein. in-rack clirinklels shall he installed in accordance with W T A 13. c. The height of storage shall nor exceed 25 feet. d. Hose slre;lln demand includes I l/Z-incliinqide hand hose, when required. ..
I
IN-RACK SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT AND DEMANDC ..- - - --
I
Ordinary temperature sprinklers
! High-temperature ; sprinklers j
Density (gpm/ft ) ~ iiiiiiiiiiiii.
0
_
~
!
L
.~
-
.
.~
1
~-.(-
1_~
~
TABLE 3404.3.6.3(8) AUTOMATlC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED OR CASE-CUT SHELF PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND ~~
~
~
~
-
-
I
Area
Racks up to 9 feet deep I
I I
i
j ~~l ,,!,,jplic;lbjc
2,0001 ! 1
1 i
1 1 . Six sp~.inklers I each on Lwo lev-, 30 psi ! cis I I (standard 2. One line of sprinklers at lllc 6 - h o t . i or ; I . ~ ~ d r ~ ~ u l 1i c a l l ~ level and [lie I 1.5-foot level of storme A~plicable 1 4 ~ ) " inostremote 111 500 3. Locate in longitudinal flue space.: (large , sprinklers 1. O r d i n a r y t e m p e r a t u r e , q u i c k - ; rcsponse sprinklers, masimum 8 fieti ? inches horizoatal spacing
I
100 l e a
staggered vertical
4. Shield?,rcquired where multilevel
w
*
M
I 1
orifice)
;
For S1: I inch = 25.4 mm, I h o t = 301.5 mni. I cqunre foot = 0.0929 ni'. 1 pil>.indper icluars inch = 6.895 kPu, I gallon = 3.785 L. I pallon per m i n ~ h s= 3.785 1-ini, I ~nllonpsr minute per square fool = 10.75 limin/m-. ;I. Thn tahlc shall ~ i vapply l lo m2ki with solid shtl~ei. b. Usins extra-large orifice sprinklers ~riidcra ce~ling30 r e d or less i n hei~ht.kl~n~nium aiilr width i \ 7.5 feet.
m r
m
r
Q
c0 V,
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
,
TABLE 3404.3.7.5.1 AUTOMATIC AFFF-WATER PROTECTION REQUIREFJlENTS FOR SOLID-PILE AND PALLETIZED STORAGE OF LIQUIDS IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 5-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESSasb
P
A
,
T Y P E ~.. j
1 CLASS L!QVIO
- -
CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN A N O 3 M L \ N D - - , . .. . .
- -
D e n
/_ (gpmif1
A f i m ~ r a t u r i - L a x i m u m 1 Orificesize (3!!!ceefee!!/ . ra?%-~-4+s~_acin!% . I~.~~(!!!ch)_....
/
STORAGE H E .
l!Etl.
1
/
I
1 DURATION AFFF HOSE DEMAND 1 SUPPLY . ( g p m ) C (minimum)
i
/
1
1
DURATION WATER S W W (hours)
I inch = 25.4 mrn, 1 foot = -304.8 mm, I square foot = 0,0929111'.I gallon pel- minute = 3.785 Lirn, 1 gallon per ~liinuteper sc1uiu.l: fi)ot = 40.75 I,/nii~i/ln', "C. = [("F)-32111.8. a. System shnll he a closed-Iicad wet system with approved devices for 111~nportioning aqueous lilm-fo~niingfoam h. klaximum ceiling hcight of 30 feet. c. Hosc sll-e;lnl demand includes 1 '/,-inch insidc hand hose. when required. For SI:
3404.3.8 Liquid storage \~larehouses.Buildings used for storagc of flan~mablcor combustible liquids in ~luantities exceeding those sct forth ill Scction 3404.3.4 for control areas and Section 3404.3.7 for liquid storage rooms shall comply with Sections 3404.3.8.1 through 3404.3.8.5 and shall bc constructed and separated as required by the Internatioi~alB~lildiizgCode.
I
3404.3.8.5 Warehouse hose lines. In liquid storagc warehonses, cither I '/,-inch (38 mm) lincd or I -inch (7-5 mtn) hard rubber hand hose lines shtlll bcprovirled in wfficient number to reach all liquid storagc areas and shall be in accordance with Section 903 or Section 905.
3404.3.8.1 Quantities and storage arrangement. The total quant~tiesof liquids in a liquid storage warchouse shall not be limited. The arrangenlcnt of storage shall be in accordance \v~thTable3404.3.6.3(2) or 3404.3.6.3(3).
3404.4 Outdoor storage of conlai~lersand portable tanks. Storage of flammable and colnbustible liquids in closcd containers and portable tanks outside of buildings shall be in accordance with Section 3403 and Scctions 3404.4.1 through 3404.4.8. Capacity limits for containers and portable ranks shall be in accordance with Scction 3404.3.
3404.3.8.1.1 Mixed storagc. Mixed storage shall be in accordancc with Section 3404.3.7.2.1.
3404.4.1 Plans. Storage shall be in accordancc with approvcd plans.
3404.3.8.1.2 Separation and aisles. Separation and aisles shall b c in accordance with Scction 3404.3.7.2.2.
3404.4.2 Location on property. Outdoor storagc of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall bc in accordancc with Table 3404.4.2. Storage of liquids near buildings localcd on the same property shall be in accordance with this section.
3404.3.8.2 Spill control and secondary containment. Liquid storage warehouses shall be providcd with spill control and secondary containment as set forth in Section 2704.2.
3404.4.2.1 Mixed liquid piles. Where two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single pile, the quantity in the pile shall not exceed the smallest of maximurn quantities for the classes of material stored.
3404.3.8.3 Ventilation. Liquid storagc warehouses storing containers greater than 5 gallons (19 I,) In capacily shall be vcntilatetlat arate of not lcss than 0.25 cfnllsq. ft. (0.075 m1lminpcr rn2)of floor area over the storage ~uca.
3404.4.2.2 Access. Storagc of containers or portable tanks shall be providcd with fire apparatus access roads in accorclance with Chapter 5.
3404.3.8.4 Fire-extinguishing systems. Liquid storage warehouses shall bc protected by automatic sprinkler systcms installed in accordance with Chapter 9 and Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1, or Section 4.8.2 and Tables 4.8.2(a) through (f) of NFPA 30. In-rack qprinklers shall also colnply with NFP'4 13. Automatic foam-water systems and :rutomatic AFFF water sprinkler systcrns shall not bc used except whcn approved. Protection critcria clevelopcd from fire modeling or fi~ll-scalcfire tcsting conducted a1 an approved testing laboratory arc allowed in lieu of the protection as shown i n Tables 3404.3.6.3(2) through 3404.3.6.3(7) and'rable 3404.3.7.5.1 when approved.
3404.4.2.3 Security. The storage area shall bc protectcd against tampering or trespassers wherc ncccssary and shall be kept free from wecds, debris and othcr cc)mbustible materials not necessary to the storage. 3404.4.2.4 Storage adjacent to buildings. i\ maxi~lium of 1,100 gallons (4163 L) of liq~tidsstored in closcd containers and portable tanks is allowed adjacent to a building locatcd on the same pren~iscsand uridcr the same management. provided that: 1 . Thc building does not excccd one story in hcight. Such building shall bc of fire-resistance-rated construction with noncombustible exterior surfaccs or o n shall bc used noncombustible c o n s t ~ ~ ~ c t iand principally for the \torage of liquids; or 2. The cxterior building wall adjacent to the storage area shall havc a firc-rcsistancc rating of not lcss 20Q6 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
than 2 hours. having no openings to above-grade arcas within 10 feet (3048 nim) horizontally o-f such storage and no openings to below-grade areas within 50 feet (15 240 mm) horizontally of such storagc. Thc cluarltity of licluids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with Item 2 is allowed to exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L)? provided that the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gallons (4163 L j and cach pile is separated by a 10-foot-minimurn (3048 mm) ciear space along thc common wall. Where the quantity stored exceeds 1.100 gallons (4 163 L) adjacent to a building complying with Itern 1. or the provisions of ltcm 1 cannot be met, a minimum distancc in accordance with Table 3404.4.2, columri 7 ("Minimum Distance to Lot Line of Proper-ty That Can Be Built IJpon") shall be maintained between buildings ant1 tlic nearcst container or portable tank. 3404.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage areas sl~allbc provided with spill control and seconddry containment in accordance with Scction 3403.4. Exception: Containers stored on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 2704.2.3 and containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral spill containnient. 3404.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against ta~npcringor trespassers by fencing or other approved control measures. 3404.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other mcans shall be provided to protect cxterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. When guard posts are installed, the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section 312. 3404.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall be kcpt frec from weeds, debris and combustible materials not necessary to the storage. 'The area surro~rntiingan exterior storage area shall be kcpt clear of such ~naterialsfor a minimum distancc of 15 fcet (4572 rnm).
3404.4.8 Empty containersand tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and cnntainers previously used for tlic storagc of flammable or combustible liquids, unless frcc from explosive vapors, shall be stored as rcquired for filled containers and tanks. Tanlts and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced i n openings.
SECTION 3405 DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND HANDLING 3405.1 Scope. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Section 3403 and this section. lank vehicle and tank car loading aiid unloading and other special operations shall be in accordance with Section 3406. Exception: Containers of organic coatings having no iirc point and which are opened for pignientation are not required to comply with this section. 3405.2 Liquid transfer. Liquid uansfer cquip~ncntand methods for transfer of Class I, I1 and IIIA liquids shall be approved and be in accordance with Sections 1405.2.1 through 3405.2.6. 3405.2.1 Pumps. Positive-displacc~ncntpunlps shall be provided with pressurc relief discharging back to the tank, pump suction or other approved location, or shall bc providcd with interlocks to prevent ovel--pressure. 3405.2.2 Pressured systems. Where gases al-e introduced to providc for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class 11 and 111 liquids transferred at tempe~turesat or above their flash points by pl-cssure, only inert gascs shall bc used. Controls. including pressure relief devices, shall be provided to liniit the pressure so that the maximum working pressure of tanks, containers and piping systc~nscannot be esccedcd. Where devices operating through pressure within a tank or d , tank or containcr shall bc a pressurc container are ~ ~ s ethe vessel approvedfor the intcnded use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for prcssurization. Exception: Air transfer of CI:l\s II and 111 liquids at ternperatures bclow their flash points.
3404.4.7 Weather protection. Wcathcr protection for outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section 2704.1 3. TABLE 3404.4.2 OUTDOOR LIQUID STORAGE IN CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS PORTABLE TANK
RACKS
12
1
8.800
1
12 I2 IS
1
4.400 8.800 17.600
1
1 1 / i
14 14 14
1
1 4
5 5 5 5
I
5
i
1
1
50 50 50 25 lo
1 1
1
lo 10
10 5 5
I
For $1: 1 rout = 304.8 I r l m . 1 g~llon3.785 1,. 1:01. tnlixcd CI:ISS storage, see Scction 3401.4.2. h. For slurage 111 I-auks, the quantity limits per plle do not apply, hut [he rack arrangemenl. shall be limitctl to a maximum 0150 feet in length and two rows or 9 fcet in depth c . If p~'otectionhy u puhlic lire
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
329
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3405.2.3 Piping, hoses and valves. Piping, hoses and val\,cs usctl in liquid transfer operations shall bc approved or listed for the intended usc.
siiniltir mcans to a static grounding systcm to maintain equipment at the same electrical potential to prevcnt sparking.
3405.2.4 Class I, I1 and III liquids. Class I and I1 liquids or Class 111 liquids that arc heatcd up to or above thcir flash points shall be transferred by one ofthe following mcthods:
3405.3.3 Heating, lighting and coolting appliances. Heating, lighting and cooking appliances which utilize Class 1 liquids shall not be operated within a building or structure.
Exception: Liquids in containers not cxcecding a 5.3-gallon (20 1,) capacity. I. From safety cans complying with uI- 30. 2. 'I'hrough an approved closcd piping system. 3. From containers or tanks by an approvcdpump taking suction through an opcning i n the top of the container or lank. 4. For Class IB, IC, 11and 111liquid.;, from containers or tanks by gravily through an approvcd self-closing or automatic-closing valve when thc container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Scction 3403.4. Class 1Aliquids shall not be dispcnsed by gravity from tanks.
5. Approved cnginccred liquid transfer systems
3405.2.5 lManual container filling operations for Class I liquids. Class I liquids and Class I1 or I11 liquids heated to or above thcir flash points shall not be transferred into containers unlcss the nozzle and containers are electrically interconnected. Acceptable methods of electrical interconnection include: 1. Metallic floor plates on which containers stand while filling, when such tloor plates are electrically conncctcd to the fill stem; or 2. Where [he fill stem is bonded to the container during filling by means of a bond wire. 3405.2.6 Automatic container-filling operations for Class I liquids. Containcr-filling operations for Class I liquids involving conveyor belts or othcr automatic-feeding operations shall be designed to prevent static accumulations. 3405.3 Use, dispensing and mixing inside of buildings. Indoor usc, dispcnsing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordancc with Sections 3405.2 and 3405.3.1 through 3405.3.5.3. 3405.3.1 Closure of mixing or blcnding vessels. Vesscls used for mixing or blending of Class Iliquids and Class 11or I11 liquids heated up to or above their flash points shall be provided with self-closing. tight-fitting, noncombustible lids that will control a firc within such vcssel. Exception: Whcre such dcvices are impractical, approved automatic or manually controlled fire-extinguishing dcvices shall be provided. 3405.3.2 Bonding of vessels. Where differenccs of potential could bc creatcd, vesscls containing Class I liquids or liquids handled at or abovc thew flaah points shall be elcctrically conncctcd by bond wircs. ground cables, plplng or
Exception: Operation in single-farnily dwellings. 3405.3.4 1,ocation of processing vessels. Processing vcssels shall be located with respect to distances to lot lines 01' adjoining propcrty which can be built on, in accordancc with Tables 3405.3.4(1) and 3405.3.4(2). Exception: Wherc the cxtcrior wall facing thc adjoining lot linc is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 4hours, thc fire code offlcial is authorized to modify the distances. The distancc shall not bc less than Code, and that set forth in the It~terrzatiorzulR~iildir~g when Class IA or unstable l i q ~ ~ i darc s involved, explosioncontrol shall bc provided in accordancc with Section 91 1. 3405.3.5 Quantity limits for use. Liquid use quantity limitations shall co~nplywith Sections 3405.3.5.1 through 3405.3.5.3. 3405.3.5.1 Maximum allowable quantity per control area. Indoor use, dispcnsing and mixing of Ilanlmablc and combustible liquids shall not excccd the maxinluln allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tablc 2703.1.1(1) and shall not exceed thc additional limitations set forth in Section 3405.3.5. Exception: Cleaning with Class I, IJ and IllA licluids shall be in accordance with Section 3405.3.6. Use of hazardous production matcrial flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-5 occupancics shall bc in accordancc with Chapter 18.
3405.3.5.2 Occupancy quantity limits. The following limits for quantities of flamnlable and combustible licluids used, dispensed or niixcd based on occupancy classification shall not be cxceeded. Exception: Cleaning with Class I, 11, or IIIA liquids shall bc i n accordance with Scction 3405.3.6. 1. Group A occupancics: Quantities in Group A occupancies shall not cxcecd that necessary for demonstration, trcatmcnt. laboratory work, maintenance purposcs and opcration of cquipment, and shall not cxceedquantitics sctforthin Table 2703.1.1(1). 2. Group B occupancics: Quantities in drinking, dining, oftice and school uses within Group B occupancics shall no1 excecd that necessary for demonstratio~i,trcatmcnt, laboratory worl<. nlaintcnance purposes and operation of cquipmcnt, and shall not cxcced cluantitics set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
TABLE 3405.3.4(1) SEPARATION OF PROCESSING VESSELS FROM LOT LINES------
I
:---I-
LOCATION~ ..
~
Stable liquids
-
--
--
- -
-
Unstable liquids-
-7 --
-
2.5 times
1
Ovcr 2.5 psig
I .5 times Table 3405.3.4(2j
4 times Table 3405.3.4(2)
Pol SI: I [)ound pel-squarc i ~ i c hp u g r = 6.895 hPa. a. Where protection of oxposu~esby a public lire deparlinent or-privalr lire brigade c:lpnble nfpri~vidingcoolins water- streams on str-uc~urcs is not provided. distzu~~ccs shdl he doublcrl. TABLE 3405.3.4(2) REFERENCE TABLE FOR USE WITH TABLE 3405.3.4(1)
, I
I ?o.oo to 509,000~~
5o??oo!~to
-~
.
For SI:
.
I.?!oz!oo
3,000,00 1 or more .~~-~... .. . . -
-~
.
.I_
- ._
-
175
.- .
I
~L
--
.--
-
1 font = 304.8 nlm. I pllon = 3.785 L.
3. Group E occupancies: Quant~tiesin Group E occupancics shall not excccd that necessary for dcn~onstra~ion, treatment; laboratory work, ~naintcnanccpurposes and opcratior~of equipnlcnt and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).
4. Group I: occupancies: Quantities in dining, officc and school usca within Group F occupancies shall not cxceed that necessary for dcmonstration. laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment, and shall not exceed quantities set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1). 5. Grot~pI occupancies: Quantities in Group I occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation of equipment. and shall not cxcecd quantities set forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).
6. Group M occupancics: Quantities in dini~ig, office and school uses within Group M occupancies shall not exceed that nccesaan for demonstration, laboratory work, maintenance purposes and operation ofcqaipment, and shall not exceed quantities set Cvrth in Table 2703.1.1(1). 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
7. Group R occupancies: Quantities in Group R occupancies shall 11otexceed that necessary for maintenance purposes and opel-ation of cquiprnent, and shall not cxcccdquantitics sct forth in Table 2703.1. i ( 1 ) .
8. Group S occupancies: Quantities in dining ar~d office uses within Group S occupancies shall not exceed that necessary for demonstration, laboratory work. maintenance purposcs and opcration of equipment and shall not excecd quantities set l'orth in Table 2703.1.1( 1 ).
3405.3.5.3 Quantities exceeding limits for co~itrol areas. Q~larltitiesexceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Scctious 3405.3.5.1 and 3405.3.5.2 shall bc in accordance with the following: 1. For open systems, indoor use. dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids shal I be within a room or building complying witti the I?lterrluriorzul B t t i l d i ~ r Code ~ anti Sections 3405.3.7.1 through 3405.3.7.5. 2. Fur closed systems, incloor use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and comhurtil>le liquids shall be within a room or building complying with 331
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
the lr~trrrzcrtionczlHriilding Code and Sectiona 3405.3.7 through 3405.3.7.4 and 3405.3.7.6.
3405.3.6 Cleaning with flammable and combustible liquids. Clciining with Class I. 11 and IIIA liqirids shall be in accorclancc with this section. Exccptions: 1. D q cleaning shall bc in accordance with Chaptcr 12.
3305.3.6.2.4 Zmmersion soaking of parts. Worlc areas of rnachincs with remote solvcnt reservoirs shall not be used for immersion soaking of parts. 3405.3.4.2.5 Separation. Multiple rnachincs shall be separated from each other by a distancc of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) or by afire barrier with a minimum I -hour fire-resistance rating.
2. Spray-nos7lc cleaning shall bc in accordancc with S e c t i o ~1503.3.5. ~
3405.3.6.2.6 Ventilation. Machines shall be locatcd in areas adequately ventilated to prcvcnt accumulation of vapors.
3405.3.6.1 Cleaning operations. Class TA liquids shall not bc used for cleaning. Cleaning with Class IB, IC or I1 liquids shall be conducted as follows:
3405.3.6.2.7 Installation. Machines shall bc installed in accordancc with their listings.
1. In a room or building in accordance with Section 3405.3.7; or
2. In a machine listcd and approved for the purpose in accordancc with Scction 3405.3.6.2.
Exception: Matcrials used in co~nmercialand industrial process-related cleaning operations in accordance wilh other provisions of this code and not involving facili~iesmaintenance cleaning operations. 3405.3.6.2 Listed and approved machines. Parts cleaning and degreasing conducted in listcd and approved machines in accordance with Scction 3405.3.6.1 shall bc in accordance with Scctions 3405.3.6.2.1 through 3405.3.6.2.7. 3405.3.6.2.1 Solvents. Solvents shall be classified and shall be co~npatiblewith the rnachincs within which thcy are used. 3405.3.6.2.2Machine capacities. Thc quantity of solvent
1. Machines without reniote solvent reservoirs shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 3405.3.5. 2. Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class I liquids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 3405.3.5.
3405.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceeding the niaxin~umallowable quantity per control area. Whcrc required by Section 3405.3.5.3 or 3405.3.6.1, rooms or buildings used for use, dispensing or mixing of flam~nable and combust~bleliquids shall be in accordancc with Sections 3405.3.7.1 through 3405.3.7.6.3. 3405.3.7.1 Construction,location and fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordancc with the Irltenzutionul B~iildir~g Code as Group 14-2 or H-3 occupancies basedon use. dispensing or mixing of flammable or colnhustiblc liquids shall be co~istructedin accordance with the hzterrzcrtiontrl Buildirr,q Code. 3405.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildinga classified in accordance with the hlterrrcltior~elRuildirig Codc as Group l-I-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall 1101bc conductcd in basements. 3405.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the hzten~crriorictlRuildi~lgCodc as Group 13-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be cquipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing systcm in accordance with Chapter 9. 3405.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors in accordance with the Irztcrnutiolznl Buildirzg Code. 3405.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in opcn systems shall b e in accordance with Sections 3405.3.7.5.1 through 3405.3.7 5.3.
3. Machi~lcswith rcnlotc solvent reservoirs using Class 11 liquids shall be limited to 35 gallons (1 32 L) pcr mach~ne.Thc total quantities shall not excecd an aggrcgate of 240 gallons (908 L) per control area in buildings not equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler systcm and an aggregate of 480 gallons (18 17 L) per control area in buildings cquipped throughout wilh an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1.
3405.3.7.5.1 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute pcr square foot [0.00508 rn3i(sx rn')] of floor area over the dcsign area. I'rovisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner to include all floor areas or pits wlierc vapors can collcct. Local or spot ventilation shall be provided when needed to prevent thc nccumulation of hazardous vapors. Ventilation system design shall conlply with the I11tel-natiorztrl Rrlilding Coclc and I?ittrr~~itiorzal Mechtirzical Code.
4. Machines with remote solvent raervoirs using C l a s lI1A liquids shall bc liniitcd to 80 gallons (303 1,) pcr machine.
Exception: Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effective for the materials used, dispensed or mixed. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
3405.3.7.5.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Scction 91 1.
not be conducted within 15 fcet (4572 mm) of storage of Class I, 11 or I11 licluids unless such liquids are storcd in tanks which are listed and labcled as ?-hour protected tank asse~nblicsin accordancc with UL, 2085.
3405.3.7.5.3 Spill control and secondary comtainment. Spill control shall be provided in accordancc with Section 3403.4 whcre Class I, I1 or IIIA liquids are dispensed inlo containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon ( 5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers 01. systcnls exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L! capacity. Spill control ant1 secondary containment shall bc provided in accordance with Section 3403.4 whcn the capacity of an individual containel-exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiplc containers or tanks excccds I00 gallons (378.5 L).
Exceptions:
I . The rcquirerllcnts shall not apply to areas wherc only thc following arc dispc~lscd:Class 111 liquids; liquids that are heavier than water; watcr-miscible liquids: and liquids with viscosities greater than 10,000 centipoise (cp? ( 1 0 P a - s). 2. Fla~nrnableand combustiblc liquid dispensing in refineries, chernical plants, proccss facilities. gas and crude oil production facilities and oil blending and packaging facilities. ter~ilinals and bulk plants.
3405.3.7.6 Closed systems. Usc or mixing of flamrnablc or combustiblc liquids in closed systems shall be in accordance with Sections 3405.3.7.6.1 through 3405.3.7.6.3. 3405.3.7.6.1 Ventilation. Closed systcrns designed to be opened as part of ~iornlaloperations shall be providcd with ventilation in accordancc with Sect~on 3405.3.7.5.1.
TABLE 3405.3.8.2 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES FOR DISPENSING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA^,^ I
3405.3.7.6.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided whcn an explosive environment can occur as a result of the mixing or use process. Explosion control shall be designcd i n accordance with Section 9 1 1. Exception: When process vessels are dcsigned to con lair^ fully the wo~sl-caseexplosion anticipated within the vessel undcr process conditions considcring thc most likely failure. 3405.3.7.6.3 Spill coi~troland secondary containment. Spill control shall bc provided in accordance with Scction 3403.4 when flammable or co~nbustiblc liquids arc dispensed into containers exceeding a 1 .?-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers or syslcrns exceeding a5.3-gallon (20 L) capaccontainnienl shall be ity. Spill control and seco~~dary providcd in accordancc with Scction 3403.4 when Lt~e capaci~yof an individual container exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggrcgatc capacity of multiplc containers or tanks exceeds 1,000 gallons (3785 L). 3405.3.8 Use, dispensing and handling outside of buildings. Outside use, dihpensing and handling shall be ill accordance \\ ith Scctions 3405.3.8.1 through 3405.3.8.3. Dispensing of liquids into motor vehicle f ~ ~ tanks cl at motor fi~el-dispensingfacilitics shall be in accor~lancewith Chapter 22. 3405.3.8.1 Spill control and drainage control. Outside usc, dispensing and handling areas shall be providcd with spill conlrol as \et forlh In Section 3403.4. 3405.3.8.2 Location on property. Dispensing activities which cxcccd the cluantities set forth in Table 3405.3.8.2 shall not be conducted within 15 fcet (4572 mm) of buildings or combustible materials or within 25 feet (7620 mni) of building openings, lot lines. public streets, public alleys or public ways. Dispensing activities that exceed the quantities set forth in Table 3405.3.8.2 shall
Rarnmable Cla.;s T A Class IB Class IC --
Cotpbin~li~~C!~ss !h.~JB %"m~IC
Combustible Class 11
I
I
10
-1
15 20 30' ..
I
I
1
-
-
-
-
-
j
i
30 80
!
3,300
-
___
For SI: I pallon = 3.785 L. a. For dcfinidon u r "Outdoor Control Asen;' see Section 2702.1. h. The ti1.e code official is authorizfd to imyosc spccial conditions reg:lrdin_e locntions. typcs of containcrs, dizpensing units, lire conln)l mciaurcc and other factors incolving lire safely. c. Co~ltainingnot mow than thc milsimum ollo\v;~blcquantity pcr contrf)I area of each i~idividualclass.
3405.3.8.3 Location of processing vessels. Processing vcssels shall be located with rcspcct to distances to lot lines which can be built on in accordancc wilh 'f~lblc 3405.3.4(1). Exception: In refineries arid distilleries. 3405.3.8.4 Weather protection. Weather protection for o~ltdooruse shall be in accordance fiith Section 2705.3 9. 3405.4 Solvent distillation units. Solvent clistillation units shall comply with Sections 3405.4.1 through 3405.4.0. 3405.4.1 Unit with a capacity of 60 gallons or lcss. Solvent distillation units used to recycle Class I. 11 or IIIA liquids having a distillation cha~nbercapacity of 60 gallons (227 L) or less shall be listed, labcled and inslnlled in accordance with Section 3405.4 and UL 2208. Exceptions: 1. Solvent distillation units installed in dry cleaning plants in :~ccordancewith Chaptcr 12.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
2. Solvent dist~llationunits used in continuous through-put industr~alprocesses whcre thc source of hcat is remotely supplied using steam, hot watcr, oil or other heat transfer fluids, the tempcrature of which is below the auto-~gnitionpoint of thc solvcnt. 3. Solvent distillation units listed for and used in laboratories. 4. Approved rcscarch, testing and experimental proccsscs.
3405.4.2 Units with a capacity exceeding 60 gallons. Solvent distillation u n ~ t suscd to recyclc Class I, I1 or l l l A liquids, having a distillation chamber capacity exceeding 60 gallons (227 L.) shall bc uscd in locations that comply with tlic use and mixing requirements of Section 3405 and other applicable provisions in this chapter. 3405.4.3 Prohibited processing. Class [,I1 and lllA liquids also classified as unstable (reactive) shall not be processed in solvcnt distillation units. Exception: Appliances listed for the distillation of unstable (reactive) solvents. 3405.4.4 Labeling. A pcmianent label shall be affixed to thc unit by the manufacturer. The label shall indicatc the capacity of the distillation chamber, and the distance the unit shall be placed away from sources of ignition. The label shall indicate the products for which the unit has been listed for usc or refer to the instruction rnanual for a list of the products. 3405.4.5 Manufacturer's instruction manual. An instruction manual shall be provided. The manual shall be readily available for the user and the fire code official. The manual shall include installation, use and servicing instructions. It shill1 identify the liquids for which the unit has been listed for distillation purposes along with each liquid's flash point and auto-ignition temperature. For units with adjustable controls, thc ~nanualshall include directions for setting the heater temperature for each liquid to be instillcd. 3405.4.6 Location. Solvent distillation units shall be used in locations in accordancc with the listing. Solvent distillation units shall not b e used in basements. 3405.4.7 Storage of liquids. Distilled liquids and liquids awaiting distillation shall be stored in accordancc w i t h ~ e c tion 3404. 3405.4.8 Storage of residues. Hazartlous residue from the distillation process shall be stored in accordancc with Section 3404 and Chapter 27. 3405.4.9 Portable fire extinguishcrs. Approved portablc fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 905. At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 40-R shall he 1ocat:ed not less than 10 feet (3048 nim) or more than 3 0 feet (9144 mm) from any solvent distillation unit.
3405.5 Alcohol-based hand rubs classificd as Class I or I1 liquids. The use of wall-mounted disl-renscrs containing alcohol-based hand rubs classified as Class 1 or I1 liquids shall be in accordancc with all of the following: I . The maximum capacity of each dispenser shall bc 68 ounces (2 L). 2. Tlie minimum separation between dispcnsers shall bc 48 inches (1219 mm). 3. The dispcnsers shall not be installcd dircctly adjaccnt to, directly above or below an electrical receptacle. switch, appliance, device 01- othcr ignition sourcc. The wall space bctwcen thc dispenser and the floor shall rcmain clear and unobstructed. 4. Dispensers shall be mounted so that the bottom of thc dispenser is a minimum of 42 inchcs (1067 nim) and a maximum of 48 inchcs (I219 mm) above thc finished floor. 5. Dispensers shall not release their contcnts except when the dispenser is manually activated.
6. Storagc and use of alcohol-based hand rubs shall be in accordancc with the applicable provisions of Scctions 3404 and 3305. 7. Dispensers installed in occupancies with carpeted floors shall only be allowetl in s~tiokccompartments or fire arcas equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. 3405.5.1 Corridor installations. Whcrc wall-mountcd dispensers containing alcohol-based hand rubs arc installcd in coi~idors.they shall be in accordance with all of thc following: I. Aerosol coiitaincrs shall not bc allowcd in corridors.
2. Thc maximum capacity of each dispenscr shall bc 41 ounces (1.2 L). 3. The maximum quantity allowed in a corridor within a control area shall be 10 gallons (37.85 L). 4. The minimu111corridor width shall be 7 1 inchcs ( 1 829 mm). 5. Projections into a corridor shall be in accordance with Section 1003.3.3.
SECTION 3406 SPECIAL OPERATlONS 3406.1 General. This section shall cover thc provisions for special operations which include, but arc not liniitcd to, storage, use, dispensing: mixing or handling of flammable and combustible liquids. The following special operations shall be in accordance with Sections 3401, 3403. 3404 and 3405, cxccpt as provided in Section 3406. 1. Storagc and dispensing o f f ammable and coiiihustible liquids on farms and construction sites.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
2. Wcll drilling and operating.
3. Bulk plants or terminals. 4. Bulli transfer and proccss transfcr operations irtilizing tank vehiclcs and tank cars.
5. Tank vchiclcs and tank vchicle operation.
6. Refineries. 7. Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systems.
3406.2 Storage and dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and construction sites. Perniancnt and temporary storagc and dispensing of Class 1 and I1 liquids for private use on farms and rural weas and at construction sites. earth-moving projects, gravel pits or borrow pits shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.2.1 through 3406.2.8.1. Exception: Storage and use of fuel oil and containers connectcd with oil-burning equipment regulated by Section 603 and the Irztc~rizarionalil.Iecl?anical Code. 3406.2.1 Combustibles and open flames near tanks. Storage arcns shall be kept free from weeds and extraneous cornbustiblc material. Open flames and smoking are prohibited in flammable or combustihlc liquid storage areas. 3406.2.2 Marking of tanks and containers. Tanks and containers for the storage of liquids above ground shall be conspicuously marked with the name of the product which they contain and lhc words: FLAMMABLE-KEEP FIRE AND FLAME AWAY. Tanks shall bear the additional marking: KEEP 50 FEET FROM BUILDINGS. 3406.2.3 Containers for storage and use. Metal containcrs used i'or storagc of Class1 or I1 liquids shall be in accordance with DOTn rcqi~ircmentsor shall be of 'an approved design. Discharge dcviccs shall be of a type that do not develop an internal pressure on thc container. Pumping devices or approved self-closing Faucets used for dispensing liquids shall not leal
3406.2.4 Permanent and temporary tanks. The capacity of permanent above-ground tanks containing Class I or I1 liquicls shall not excccd 1,100 gallons (41 64 L). The cal~acity of temporary above-ground tanks containing Class 1or I1 liquids shall not exceed 10,000 gallons (37 554 L). Tanks shall be of the single-compartment design. Exception: Pennancnt abovc-ground tanks of greater capacity which meet thc rciluirements of Section 3404.2. 3406.2.4.1 Fill-opening secnrity. Fill openings shall be equipped with a locking closure device. Fill openings shall be separate from vent openings. 3406.2.4.2 Vents. Tanks shall be providccl wit11 a method of nornlz~land enicrgcncy venting. Normal vents shall also be in accol-dance with Section 3404.2.7.3.
2006 INTERNATIONAL ARE CODE@
Emergency vzno shall be in accordance wlth Scct~orl 3403.2.7.4. Emergency vents shall bc arranged to discharge in a manner w h ~ c hprevcnts localized ovcrheating or flame impingement on any part of the tank in the cvcnt that vapors from such vents are ignited.
3406.2.4.3 Location. Ti~nlcscontaining Class 1 or I1 liclui~lsshall be kept outsidc and at least 50 fect (1 5 240 mm) from buildings and comhustiblc storage. Additional distance shall bc provided whcn necessaly to ensure that vehicles, cquipmcnt and containers bcing filled directly from such tanks will not be less than 50 feet ( 15 240 mm) from structures, haystacks or othercon~bustiblcstorage. 3406.2.4.4 Locations where above-ground tanks are prohibited. The storagc of Class I and I1 liquids in abovc-ground tanks is prohibited within the limits cstablished by law as tlie limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (sce Section 3 orthe Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the lizternotionrrl Fire Code on page v). 3406.2.5 Type of tank. Tanks shall be provided with top openings only or shall be elevated for gravity discharge. 3406.2.5.1 Tanks with lop openings only. Tank5 with top openings shall be niountcd as ji)llows: 1 . On well-cons~ructedmetal legs conncclcd to shoes or runners designed so that the tank is stabilized and the entire tank and its supports can be moved as a unit: or
2. For stationary tanks. on a stable base of tinibcrs or ) height blocks approximately 6 inches (1 53 m n ~ in which prcvents the tan[< kom contacting thc ground.
3406.2.5.1.1 Pu~npsand fittings. Tanks with top openings only shall be equippcd with a tightly and permanently attached, approvcd pumpingdevice ha\.ing an approved hose of sufficient length ti)r filling vehicles, equipment or containers to bc scrvcd from the tank. Either the pump or the hose shall be cquippecl with a paclloch- to its hanger to prevent tampering. An effcctive antisiphoning tlcvice shall be includcd in the pump discharge unlcss a self-closing nozzle is provided. Sipho~lsor intcrnnl prcssurc discivargc devices shall not bc used. 3406.2.5.2 Tanks for gravity discharge. Tanks with a connection in the bottom or thc end for gravity-dispcnsing liquids shall be mounted and equipped as follows: 1. Supports to clevate the tank for gravity discharge shall be dcsigned to carry all requircd loads a l ~ d provide stability.
2. Bottom or end openings for gravity dischargc shall bc equipped with a valve located adjacent to thc tank shell which will close automatically i n the event of fire through the operatioil of an effcctivc heilt-activated releasing devicc. Where this valve cannot be operated nianually. it shall be supplemenled by a second, manually operated valve.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTLBLE LIQUIDS
leasee or tllc lcase number, thc well number and the telcphonc number where a responsible person can be reached at any time. Such signs shall be maintained on the premises from the timc nlaterials are delivered for drilling purposes until thc wcll is abandoned.
3406.3.8 Field-loading riclts. Field-loading racks shall be in accordancc with Sectron 3406.5. 3406.4 Bulk plants or ternlinals. Portions of properties where flanimablc and colnbustiblc liquids are receivcd by tank vessels, pipelines, tank cars or lank vchicles and which arc stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessels, pipelincs, tanks cars, tank vehicles or containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.4.1 through 3406.4.10.4. 3406.4.1 Building construction. Buildings shall be con\tructcd In accordance with thc Ir~trr7lnria11alBirildlr~g Code. 3406.4.2 Means of egress. Rooms in which liqoids arc stored. used or transferred by pumps shall have means of cgrcss arranged to prevcnt occupants from being trapped in thc cvcnt of fire. 3406.4.3 Heating. Rooms in which Class 1 liquids are storcd or uscd shall be heatcd only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating npplianccs involving sources of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry of flamn~able vapors. 3406.4.4 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be providcd for rooms, buildings and enclosures in which Class I liq~iidsarc pumped, used or transfcrrcd. Dcsign of ventilation systems shall consider the relativcly high specific gravity of the vapors. Whcn natural enti ti la ti on is used, adequate openings in outside walls at floor level, unobstructed except by louvcrs or cwnrsc screens, shall be provided. When natural ventilation is inadecluatc, ~nechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the Intenzntiorzal illccl~alticul Cotie. 3406.4.4.1 Basenients and pits. Class 1 liquids shall not be stored or ~rscdwithin n building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors can travel, unless such area is providcd wit11 ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. 3406.4.4.2 Dispensiilg of Class I Iiyuicls. Containers of Class I liquids shall not bc drawn from or filled within builtiings ~ ~ n l eaprovision ss is made to prcvent the accunlulntion of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations. Wherc mechanical ventilation is required. it shall be kept in operation while flammable vapol-s could be prescnt. 3406.4.5 Storage. Storage of Class 1,11arid IIIA liquids in bull
mainline pipelines and marine vessels in accordancc w ~ t h API 2350.
3406.4.7 Wharves. This section shall apply to all wharves, piers, bulkheads and other stnrctures over or con[iguous to navigable water having u primary function of transferring liquid cargo in bulk bctwecn shore installations and tank vcssels, ships. barges, lighter boats or other mobilc floating craft. Exception: Marine motor fuel-dispensing f:icilities in accordance with Chapter 12. 3406.4.7.1 Transferring approvals. Handling packl l empty drums, aged cargo of liquids, including f ~ ~and bulk fuel and stores, over a wharf during cal-go t~ansfcr shall he subject to the approval of the wharf supc~visor and the senior dcck officer on duty. 3406.4.7.2 'l'ransferring location. Urhalvcs at which liquid cargoes arc to be transferred in bulk quantities to or from tank vessels shall be at least 100 feet (30 480 mm) from any bridge over a navigable waterway; 01.from an entrancc to. or superstructure of, any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. The termination of the fixed piping uscd for loading or unloading at a wharf ) a bridgc or shall be at lcast 200 feet (60 960 ~ n m from from an entrance to. or supcrstructurcs of, a tunnel. 3406.4.7.3 Superstructure and decking material. Superstructure and decking shall be designed for the intended use. Decking shall be constnlctcd of inaterials that will afford the desired combination of flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength :~nd fire reslstance. 3406.4.7.4 Tanks allowed. Tanlrs uscd exclusively for ballast water or Class JI or 111 liquids arc allowed to be installed on suitably dcsigncd wharves. 3406.4.7.5 Transferring equipnient. Loading punips capable of building up pressures in cxccss of the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall bc provided with bypasses, relief valvcs or other arrangements to protcct the loading facilirics against cxccssivc pressure. Relief devices shall bc tested at least annually to determine that they function satisfactorily at their sct pressure. 3406.4.7.6 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping valvcs and fittings shall bc in ;~ccordnnccwith Scction 3403.6 except as modified by the following: I . Flexibility of piping shall be ensured by appropriate layout and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from wavc action. currents, tides or the mooring o f vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated cxccssive strain.
2. Pipe joints that depend on the friction charactcristics of combustible materials or on thc grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall not bc uscd.
3. Swivel joints are allowed in piping to which hoses are con~~ectecl and for ;\rticulatcd, swivel-joint
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
transfcr systems. providcd the design is such that thc mechanical strcngth of the joint will not be irnpaircd if the packing materials fail such as by exposure to firc. 4. Each linc conveying Class I or I1 liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a readily accessible block \.alve locatcd on shore ncar the approach to thc wharf and outside of any diked area. Where morc than one line is involped, thc valves shall be groupcd in onc location. 5. Mcans shall be provided for easy access to cargo line valves located below the wharf deck. 6. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient nurnbcr of valves to opcratc the system properly and to co~itrol the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the cvent of physical damagc. 7. Piping on wharves shall be bonded and grounded where Class 1 and 11liquids are transported. Where cxcessivc stray currents are encountered, insulatingjoints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding conncctions on piping shall bc located on the wharf side of hose riser insulating flangcs. where uscd, and shall be accessible for inspection. 8. Hosc or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer shall be capable of acconlmodating the combined effects of change in draft and masimum tidal range, and mooring lines shali be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from placing strcss on the cargo transfcr system. 9. Hoses shall be supportcd to avoid kinking and damage from chafing.
3406.4.7.7 Loading and unloading. Loading or discharging shall not commence until the wharf superintendent and officer in charge of the tank vcssel agrec that the tan]
feet (22 860 mm) of hosc conncctions. pumps and separator tanks.
3406.4.10.2 Fire hoses. Whcre piped watcr is available, ready-connectcd fire hosc in a sizc appropriate for the watcr supply shall be provided in accordancc with Section 905 so that manifolds whcre conncctions are madc and broken can bc reached by at lcast onc hose strcam. 3406.4.10.3 Obstruction of equipment. Matcrial shall not be placed on wharves in such a manncr that would obstmct access to firc-fighting equipmcnt or important pipeline control valves. 3406.4.10.4 Fire apparatus access. Whcre the wharf is accessible to vehicular traffic, an unobstructed fire apparatus access road to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained in accordance with Chapter 5. 3406.5 Bulk transfer and process transfer operations. Hulk transfer and process transfer operations shall bc approved and bc in accordance w ~ t hSections 3406.5.1 through 3406.5.4.4. Motor fuel-dispensing facilitics shall comply with Chaptcr 22. 3406.5.1 General. Thc provisions of Sections 3406.5.1.1 through 3406.5.1.18 shall apply to bulk transfer and process transfer operations; Scctions 3406.5.2 and 3406.5.2.1 shall apply to bulk transfer operations; Scctions 3406.5.3 through 3406.5.3.3 shall apply to proccss transfer operations and Sections 3406.5.4 through 3406.5.4.4 shall apply to dispensing from tank vehicles and tank cars. 3406.5.1.1 Location. Bulk transfer and process transfer operations shall bc conducted in approvcd locations. Tank cars shall be unloaded only on privatc sidings or railroad-siding facilities equippcd for transferring flammablc or combustible liquids. Tank vehiclc and tank car transfer facilitics shall be scparatcd from buildings, above-ground tanks. cornbustible materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public ways by a distance of 25 fcet (7620 Inm) for Class I liquids and 15 feet (4572 mm) for Class I1 and III liquids measured from thc nearest position of any loading or unloading valve. Buildings for pumps or shelters for pcrsonncl shall be considcrcd part of the transfer facility. 3406.5.1.2 Weather protection canopies. Wherc weathcr protection canopies arc provided, thcy shall hc constructed in accordance with Scction 2704.13. Weather protection canopies shall not he locatcd within 15 fcet (4572 mm) of a building or combustible matcr~al or within 25 feet (7620 ~ n m )of building openings, lot lines, public streets, public alleys or public ways. 3406.5.1.3 Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided to prevent accumulation of vapors in accordancc with Section 3405.3.7.5.1. 3406.5.1.4 Sources of ignition. Sourccs of ignition shall be controllcd or eliminated in accordance with Scction 2703.7. 3406.5.1.5 Spill control and secondary containment. Areas where transfcr operations are locatcd shall hc provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordancc with Section 3403.4. The spill control and 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LlQUlDS
secondary containment system shall have a design capacity capable of containing the capacity of the largest tanli compartment locatcd in the area where transfcr operations arc cond~lctcd.Containment of the rainfall volun~cspccificd in Section 2704.2.2.6 is not required.
tra~lsferareas shall he pel-m;~ncntlyelcctrically hondcd togethcr. In areas wherc excessive stray currents arc known to exist, all pipcs cntering the transfer area shall he provided with insulating sections to isolate elcctrically the transfcr apparatus from the pipclincs.
3406.5.1.6 E'irc protcction. Firc protection shall he in accordancc with Scction 3403.2.
-1406.5.1.9 Top loading. When top loading a tank vehicle with Class I and I1 liquids without vapor conlrol, valves used for thc final control of flow shall be of the self-closing type and shall be manually held ope11except where automatic means are providcd for shutting off the flow when the tank is full. When used, automatic shutoff systems shall bc provided wit11 a rnanual shutof valvc located at a safc distance from the loading nozzlc to stop the tlow if thc automatic system fails.
3406.5.1.7 Static protection. Static protection shall be provided to prevent the accun~ulationof static charges during transfcr operations. Bonding facilities shall be provided during the transfer through open domes where Class 1 liquids are transferred, or where Class U and 111 liquids are transferred into tank vehicles or tank cars which could contain vapors from previous cargoes of Class I liquids. Protection shall consist of a rnetallic bond wire perma~lcntlyelcctrically connected to the fill stem. The fill pipe asscmbly shall form acontinuous electrically conductivc path downstream from the point of bonding. The frec end of such bond wirc shall be provided with a cla~npor equivalent device fol-convcrticnt attachment to a mctallic pal-t in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehiclc or tank car. For tank vehicles, protection shall consist of a tlcxiblc bond wirc of adequatc stre~tgtllfor the intended scrvicc and the electricalresistance shall not exceed 1 mcgohm. For tank cars. bonding shall be provided where the rcsistancc of a tank car to ground through the rails is 25 ohins or pl-eater. Such bonding connection shall bc fastcncd to the vehicle. car or tanli beforc dome covel-s a - e raiacd and shall remain in place until filling is complete and all dome covers have been closed and secured.
Exceptions: 1. Whcl-e vehicles and cars are loaded exclusively
with products not having a static-accilm~~lating tendency, such as asphalt, cutback asphalt, most crude oils, rcsidual oils and water-miscible liquids.
2. When Class 1 liquids arc not handled at the transfer facilily and thc tank vchiclcs are used csclusively for Class I1 and I11 liquids.
3. Whcrc vehicles and cars are loaded or unloaded through closed top or bottom connections w h e t h e r the h o s c i s c o n d u c t i v c o r nonconductive. Filling through open dorncs into the tanks of tank vehiclcs or tanli cars that contain vapor-air mixturcs within the flam~nablcrangc, or wherc thc liquid being filled can fc1r111such a lnixture, shall be by mcans of a clownspout which cxtends to near the bottom of thctank.
3306.5.1.8 Stray current protection. Tank car loading F~ciliticswherc Class I. I1 or 111.4 liquids arc transferred through open donles shall be pr
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
When top loading a tank vehiclc with vapor control. flow control shall bc in accordance with Section 3406.5.1.30. Self-closing valves shall not be ticd or locked in the open position.
3406.5.1.10 Bottonl loading. Whcn bottom loading a tank vehicle or tank car with or without vapor control, LI positive means shall be provided for loading a predctermined quantity of liquid. togethcr with an automatic secondary shutoff control to prevent ovcrfill. The connecting componcnts betwcen the transfcr equipment and the tank i8ehiclcor tank car required to opcratc the secondary control shall be functionally compatible. 3406.5.1.10.1 Dry disconnect coupling. Whcn bottom loading a rank vehiclc, thc coupling bctwccn the liquid loading hosc or pipe and t l ~ ctnrck piping shall be a dry disconnect coupling. 3106.5.1.10.2 Venting. When bottom loading a tar11; vehicle or tank car that is equippcd for vapor co~ltrol and vapor control is not used, the tank shall he vented to the atmosphere to prevent pressurization of the tmk. Such venting shall he at a height equal to or greater than the top of thc cargo talk. 3406.5.1.10.3 Vapor-tight connection. Connections to the plant vapor control systc111sliall be dcsigned to prcvcnl thc escape of vapor to thc atnlospherc whcn not connected to a tanlc vehiclc or tank car. 3406.5.1.10.4 Vapor-processing equipment. Vapor-processing equipment shall bc separated from abovc-ground tatllis. warehouses, other plant huildings, transfcr facilities or ncarest lot line of adjoining property thatcan be built on by a distance ofat Ic;lst 25 feet (7620 mln). Vapor-processing cquipn~cntshall be protected from physical damage by r c ~ r ~ olocation, le guardrails, curbs or fencing. 3406.5.1.11 Switch loading. Tank vehicles or tank cars which have previously contained Class 1 liquids shall not be loaded with Class 11 or 111 liquids until such vehiclcs and all piping, pumps, hoses and nlcters connected thereto have bccn completely drained and tlushcd. 3406.5.1.12 Loading racks. Whcrc pl-ovidcd, loading racks, stairs or platforms shall be constrilcted of
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LlQUiDS
noncombusti1,lc materials. Buildings for pumps or for shelter of loading personnel are allowcd to be part of the loading rack. Wiring and elcctrical equipment located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of any portion of the loading rack shall be in accordance with Section 3403.1.1. 3406.5.1.13 Transfer apparatus. Bulk and process
transfer apparatus shall be of an approved type. 3406.5.1.14 lnside buildings. Tank vehicles and tank
cars shall not be located inside a building while transferring Class I, I1 or UIA liquids. unless approved by the fire code official.
Exception: Tank vehicles arc allowed under weather protection canopies and canopies of automobile motor vehicle fuel-dispensing s~ations. 3406.5.1.15 Tank vehicle and tank car certification.
Certification shall bc maintained for tank vehicles and tank cars in accordancc with DOTn 49 CFR, Parts 100-178. 3406.5.1.16 Tank vehicle and lank car stability. Tank
veh~clcsand tank cars shall bc stabilized against movement during loading and unloading in accordance with Sections 3406.5.1.16.1 through 3406.5.1.16.3. 3406.5.1.16.1 Tank vehicles. Whcn the vehicle is
parked for loading or unloading, the cargo trailcr portion of the tank vehicle shall be secured in a manner that will prevent unintentional movcmcnt. 3406.5.1.J6.2 Chock blocks. At least two chock
blocks not less than 5 inches by 5 inches by 12 inches (1 27 mm by 127 mm by 305 mm) in size anddished to fit thc contour of the tircs shall be used during transfer opcrations of tank vehicles. 3406.5.1.16.3 Tank cars. Brakes shall be set and the wlieels shall be blockcd to prevent rolling. 3406.5.1.17 Monitoring. Transfer operations shall be
lnonitorcd by an approved monitoring system or by an attendant. Whcn monitoring is by an attendant, the operator or other competent person shall be present at all timcs. 3406.5.1.18 Security. 'Transfer opcrations shall be sur-
rounded by a nonco~nbustiblcfencc not less thai 5 feet (1524 mm) in height. Tank vehicles and tank cars shall not be loaded or unloaded unless such vehicles are entirely wlthin the fcnccd arca. 1. Motor fuel-dispensing facilities complying with Chapter 32. 2. Installations where adequate public safety exists because of isolation, natural barriers or other factors as determined appropriate by the firc code official.
3406.5.2.1 \'chicle motor. Motors of tank vchicles or
tank cars shall be s h u ~offdudng thc making and brcaking of hose connections and driring the unloading opcration.
Exception: Where unloading is performed with a pump deriving its power from the tank vchicle motor. 3406.5.3 Process transfer. PI-ocess transfer shall be in
accordance with Section 3406.5.1 and Sections 3406.5.3.1 through 3406.5.3.3. 3406.5.3.1 Piping, valves, hoses and fittings. Piping. valves, hoses and fittings which are not a part of the tank vchicle or tank car shall be in accordancc with Section 3403.6. Caps or plugs which prcvcnt leakage or spillage shall be provided at all points of conncction to transfclpiping. 3406.5.3.1.1 Shutoff valves. Approved automatically or rnanually activated shutoff valves shall bc provided whcre the transfer hose connects to the process piping, and on both sides of any exterior fi1.e-resistai~ce-ratedwall through which the piping passes. Manual shutoff valves shall bc arrangcd so that they are accessible from grade. Valves shall not be locked in the open position. 3406.5.3.1.2 Hydrostatic relief. Hydrostatic prcs-
sure-limiting orrelief deviccs shall be provided whcrc pressure buildup in trapped sections of the systcrn could exceed the clcsign pressure of the componcnts of the systcrn. Devices shall relieve to other portions of the system or to another approved location. 3406.5.3.1.3 Antisiphon valves. Antisiphon valves
shall be provided when thc system design would allow siphonage. 3406.5.3.2 Vents. Normal and emergency vcnts shall be
maintained operable at all timcs. 3406.5.3.3 Motive power. Motors of tank vchiclcs or
tank cars shall bc shut off during the making and breaking of hose connections and during thc unloading opcration.
Exception: When ~~nloading is performed wlth a pump deriving its power from ihc tank vctiiclc n~oto~.. 3406.5.4 Dispensing From tank vehicles and tank cars. Dispensiug from tank vehiclcs and tank cars into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles shall bc probibitcd unless allowed by and conducted in accordancc with Sections 3406.5.4. I through 3406.5.4.5.
3. Facilities o r properties that are cntircly enclosecl or protected tioln entry.
3406.5.4.1 Marine craft and special equipment. Liyuids intended for use as motor fuels are allowcd to be transferred froill t'mk vehicles into the fuel tanlts of marine craft and special ccluipmcnt whcn approved by the fire code ofticial. and when:
3406.5.2 Bulk transfer. Bulk transfei- shall bc in accordance with Scctior~s3406.5.1 and 3406.5.2.1.
1. The tank veh~cle'sspecific function is that of supplying fuel to Suci tank.;. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LlQUiDS
2. The operation is not pcrforrncd where [he p~!blic hm access or where there is unusual exposure to life ancl property.
5. Mobilc fueling operations shall bc conducted in areas not accessible to the puhlic or shall be limited to times when the public is not present.
3. The divpensing line doe\ not exceed 50 fcct (15 240 nim) in length.
6. Mobilc fueling shall not take placc within 15 feet (1572 n ~ m of ) buildings, property lines or con]bustible storage.
4. Thc dispensing n o z ~ l eis approved.
3406.5.4.2 Emergency refueling. When approved by 111~fire code official, dispensing of motor vehicle fuel from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vchicles is allowed during emergencies. Dispensing from tank vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.2.8 and 3406.6.
7. The tank vehicle shall comply with the rcquirenlents of NFPA 385 and local. state and federal requirements. The tank vehicle's specific functions shall include that of supplying fucl to nlotor vehicle fuel tanks. The vehiclc and all its equipment shall be maintained in gutrd repair.
3406.5.4.3 Aircraft fueling. Transfer of liquids from tank vchicles to the fuel tanks of aircraft shall be in accordance with Chapter I I .
8. Signs prohibiting smoking or open fla~ncsmithin 25 feet (7620 mm) of the tank vehicle or the point of fueling shall be prominently posted on three sides of the vehicle including the back and both sides.
3406.5.4.4 Fucling of vehiclcs at farms, construction sites and similar areas. Transfer of liquid from tank vchicles to motor vehicles for private use on farms and rural areas and at construction sites, earth-moving projects, gravel pits and borrow pits is allowcd in accordance with Section 3106.2.8. 3406.5.4.5 Commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing. Dispensing of Class 11 and 111 motor vehicle file1 from tank vehiclcs into the fucl tanks of motor vehicles localcd at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacti~~.ing establishments is allo~~!ed where permitted, provided such dispensing operations arc conducted in accordance with the following: 1. Dispensing shall occur only at sites that have bcc11i.ssucd a permit to conduct mobile fueling. 2. The owner of a mobile fueling operation shall provide to thcjurisdiction a written response plan which demonstrates readiness to respond to a fuel spill and carry out appropriate mitigation measures, and describes the process to dispose properly of colitaminatcd materials. 3. A detailed sitc plan shall be submitted with each application for a pennit. The site plan shall indicate: all buildings, structures and appurtenances on site anti their use or function; all uses adjacent to the property lines of the site; the locationsof all stor111 drain openings, adjacent waterways or wetlands: i~iformationregarding slope, natural drainage, curbing, impounding and how a spill will hc retained upon the site property; and the scale of the sitc plan. Provisions shall be made to prevent liquids spilled during dispclrsing operations from flowing into buildings or off-site. Acceptable methods include, hut shall not be lirnitcd to, grading driveways, raising doorsills or other approved Incans. 4. The firc code official is allowcd to impose limits on the tinles ariddays during which mobile fiieling opcratiolis may take place, arrd specific locaticins on a site where fueling is permitted. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
9. A poi.tahle fire extinguishcr with a minimum rating of 40:BC shall be provided on the vehicle with signagc clcarly indicating its location. 10. The dispensing nozzle\ and hoses \hall be of an approved and l~stcdtypc. I I . Thc dispensing hose shall not be extended from the reel more than 100 feet (30 480 n i n ~ )in length. 12. iZbsorbe11tmatcrials. noi~water-absorbentpads, a 10-foot-long (3048 mm) containment boom. an approved container with lid and a nonmctall~c shovel shall bc provided to ~nitigatca n ~ i n i ~ n u ~ n 5-gallon ( I 9 L) fuel spill 13. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a "fucl limit" switch such as a count-back switch, to limit thc amount of a single fueling operation to a maxirnum of 500 gallons (1 893 L) before rcsctting the limit switch.
Exception: Tank vehiclcs where the operator carries and can utilize 3 relnotc emergency shutoff device which, when activated. im~ncdiately causes flow of fuel f ~ o mthc tanl, vehiclc to cease. 14. Persons responsible for dispensing operations shall bc trained in the appropriate mitigating actions in the event of a fire, leak 01- spill. Training records shall be maintained by thc clispcnsing company and shall he made available to the fire code official L I ~ O Ircquest. I 15. Operators of Lank vchicles used for 111c1bilefucling operations shall have in their possession at all times an emergency cornnrunications device to notify the proper authorities in the cvcnt of an emergency.
16. 'The tank vehiclc dispensing equip~llcntshall bc constantly attended and operated only by dcsignated personnel who are trained to hancllc and dispense motor fuels.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
17. Prior to beginning dispensing operations, precautions shall be taken to ensurc ignition sources arc not prescnt.
a suitable gauging dcvice. To prevcnt overiilling. thc driver, operator or attendant s1i;ill not dcliver in cxcess of that arnoont.
18. The engines of vehicles bcing fueled shall be shut off during dispensing opcrations.
3406.6.1.6 Securing hatches. During loading, hatch covcrs shall be secured on all but thc rccciving co~npartnient.
19. Nighttime fueling opcrations shall only take place in adcquately lighted areas. 20. 'The tank vehicle shall be positroned with respcct to vehicles being fueled to prevent traffic from driving over the delivery hose. 21. During fueling opcrations. tank vehicle brakes shall bc sct. chock blocks shall be in place and warning lights shall be in operation. 22. Motor vehiclefucl tanks shall not be topped off. 23. The dispensing hose shall be properly placed on an approved reel or in an approved compartment prior to moving the tank vehicle. 24. The fire codc official and other appropriate authorities shall be notified when a reportable spill or unauthorized dischar,oe occurs.
3406.6 Tank vehicles and vehicle operation. Tank vehicles shall be dcsigncd, constructed, equipped and maintained in accordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 3406.6.1 through 3406.6.4. 3406.6.1 Operation of tank vehicles. Tank vehicles shall be utilized and operated in accordance with NFPA 385 and Sections 3406.6.1.1 through 3406.6.1.1 1 . 3405.6.1.1 Vehicle maintenance. Tank vehicles shall not bc operated ~ ~ n l e they s s are in proper state of repair and frce from accumulation of grease, oil or other flammable substance, and leaks. 3406.6.1.2 Leaving vehicle unattended. The driver, operator or attendant of a tank vehicle shall not remain in the vehiclc cab and shall not leave the vehicle whilc it is being filled or discharged. The delivcry hose, when attachcd to a tank vchicle, shall be considered to be a part of the tank vchiclc. 3406.6.1.3 Vehicle motor shutdown. Motors of tank vehicles or tractors shall be shut down during the lnaking or breaking of hose connections. If loading or unloading is pcrfor~nedwithout the use of a power pump, the tank vchicle or tractor motor shall be shut down throughout such opcrations. 3406.6.1.4 Outage. A cargo tank or compartment thercof used for the transportation of flammable or cornbustible liquids shall not bc loaded to absolute capacity. Thc vacant space in a cargo tank or compartment thercof used in the transportation of flammable or combustible Iicluids shall not bc less than 1 percent. Sufficient space shall be left vacant to prevcnt leakage from or distortion of such tank or compartment by expansion of the contents causcd by rise ill temperature in transit. 3406.6.1.5 Ovcrfill protection. Thc drivcr, opcrator or attendant o f a tank vehiclc shall, before making delivery to a tank, dctcrmine the unfilled capaeity of such tank by
3406.5.1.7 Liquid temperature. Materials shall not bc loaded into or wansported in a tank vehiclc at a temperature above the matcrial's ignition ternperaturc unless safeguarded in an approved manner. 3406.6.1.8 Bonding to underground tanks. An external bond-wirc conncction or bond-wirc intcgral with a hosc shdl bc provided for the transferring of flammable liquids through open conncctions into undcrground tanks. 3406.6.1.9 Smoking. Smoking by tank vehicle drivers, helpers or other personnel is prohibited while they arc driving, making deliveries, filling or making repairs to tank vehicles. 3406.6.1.10 Hose connections. Dclivcrv of flammablc liquids to underground tanks w ~ t ha capacity of morc than 1,000 gallons (3785 L) shall be madc by mean5 of approvcd liquid and vapor-tight connections bctwecn the delivery hose and fill tank pipe. Where undcrground tanks are equippcd with any type of vapor rccovcry system, all conncctions required to be madc for the safe and proper functioning of the particular vapor recovcry process shall be niade. Such conncctions shall be made liquid and vapor tight and remain connected throughout the unloading process. Vapors shall not be discharged at grade levcl during delivery. 3406.6.1.10.1 Simultaneous delivery. Si~nultaneous delivery to underground tanks of any capacity from two or more discharge hoses shall bc made by iiicans of mechanically tight connections between the hosc and fill pipe. 3406.6.1.11 Nose protection. Upon arrival at a point of delivery and prior to discharging any flammable or c o n bustible liquids into underground tanks. the drivcr, operator or attendant of the tank vehiclc shall cnsure that all hoses utilized for liquid delivery and vapor rccovcry, where required, will be protected from physical da~nagc by motor vehicles. Such protection shall be provided by positioning the tank vehiclc to prevent motor vehiclcs from passing through thc area or areas occupied by hoses; or by other approved ecluivalcnt means. 3406.6.2 Parking. Parking of tank vehicles shall be in accordance with Sections 3406.6.2.1 through 3406.6.2.3. Exception: In cases of accident, breakdown or other emergencies, tank vehicles arc allowed to be parked and left unattendcd at any location while tlic operator is obtaining assistancc. 3406.6.2.1 Parking near residential, educational and institutional occupancies and other high-risk areas. Tank vchicles shall not be left unattcndcd at any time on rcsidential strects, or within 500 fect (152 rn)of a resi2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE A N D COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
dcntial area, apartrncnt or hotcl complex, educational facility, hospital or care facility. Tank vehicles shall not bc lcft u~lnttendcdat any other place that would, in the opinion of the fire chief, pose an cxtrcrne life hazard.
3406.6.2.2 Parking on thoroughfares. Tank vehicles shall not be Icft unattended on a public qtrcct, highway. public avcnuc or public alley. Exceptions: I. The necessary absence in connection wrth loading or unloading rhc vchicle. During actual fuel transfer, Section 3406.6.1.2 shall apply. The vchicle location shall be in accordancc with Section 3406.6.2.1.
2. Stops for nueals during the day or night, if the street is wcll lighted at the point of parldng. The vchicle location shall bc in accordance with Scction 3406.6.2.1.
3406.6.2.3 Duration exceeding 1 hour. Tank vehicles parked at one point for longer than 1 hour shall be locatcd off of public strects, highways, public avenues or alleys, and: I. Inside of a bulk plant and either 25 feet (7620 rnrn) or more from thc nearest lot linc or within a building approvcd for such use; or 2. At otller approved locations not less than 50 feet (1 5 230 mm) froin the buildings othcr than those approvcd for thc storage or servicing of such vchiclcs.
3406.6.3 Garaging. Tank vehiclcs shall not be parkcd or garagcd in builtlings other than those specifically approvcd for- such use by the fire codc official. 3406.6.4 Portableiire extinguisher. Tank vehicles shall be equipped with a polfable fire cxtinguishcr cornplying with Section 906 and having a minimum rating of 2-A:20-B:C. During unloading of the tank vchicle, thc portable fire extinguisher shall be out of the carrylng d e ~ i c on e the vchiclc and shall bc 15 fect (1572 mm) or inorc from the unloading valves.
3406.7 Refineries. Plants and portions of plants in which flammable liquids arc produced on a scale fi-0111crude petroleum, natural gasolinc or other hydrocarbon sources shall be in accorclance with Sectio~ls3406.7.1 thl.ough 3406.7.3. Petroleum-processing plants and facilities or portions of plants or facilities in which flammable or co~nbustibleliquids are handled treated or produced on d comincrcial scale fiom crude pctrolcum. natural gasolinc. or other hydrocarbon sources shall also bc in accordance with API 65 I . API 653, API 752, API 1615. API 2001, AI'I 2003, API 2009. API 20 15, API 2023. API 1,201 and API 2350. 3306.7.1 Corrosion protection. Abovc-ground tanks and piping systcms shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with APT 65 I . 3406.7.2 Cleaning of tanks. The safc entry and cleaning of pctrolci~mstorage tanks shall be conducted in accordance with API 7015. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3406.7.3 Storage of heated petrolcum products. Whcrc petrolcum-dc~iverl asphalt4 and residucs arc ';torcd in heated tanlcs at refineries and bulk storage facilities or in tank vehicles, such products shall be in accortlance with API 2023. 3406.8 Vapor recovery and vapor-processing systcms. Vapor-processing systems in which the vapor source opcratcs at pressures from vacuum, up to and inclutlirlg 1 psig (6.0 kPa) or in which a potcntial exists fol-vapor mixtures in thc Llamnlable range. shall comply with Scctions 3406.8.1 t h r o ~ ~ g h 3306.8.5. Exceptions: 1. Marine systems complying with federal transportation waterway regulations such as DOTn 33 CFR, Parts 151 through 1 S6>and CGR 46 CFR. Parts 30, 32,35 and 39. 2. Motor fuel-dispcnsing facility systcms complying with Chapter 22. 3406.5.1 Over-pressure/vacuum protection. Tanks and equipnicnt shall have independent vcnting for over-prcssurc or vacuum conditions that mighr occur from malf~~nction of the vapor rccovery or processing systcm. Exception: For tanks, venting shall comply with Scction 3404.2.7.3. 3406.8.2 Vent Location. Vcnts on vapor-processing ccluipment shall be not less than 12 fect (3658 rnrn) from adjacent ground Ievcl, with outlcts located and directed so that flarn~nablevapors will dispcrse to bclow the lowcr tlammablc limit (LFL) bcforc rcaching locations containing potcntial ignition sources.
3406.8.3 Vapor collection systems and overfill protection. The design and operation of thc vapor collcction sysLen1 and overtill protection shall bc in accordancc with this section and Section 7. I0 of NFPA 30. 3406.8.4 Liquid-level monitoring. A liquid knock-out vcssel used in the vapor collection systcm shall have means to verify the liquid level and a high-liquid-level sensor that activates an alarm. For unpopulated facilities, the high-liquid-level sensor shall ~nitiatethe shutdown of liquicl transfer into the vessel and shutdown of vapor rccovcry or vapor-PI-ocessingsystems. 3406.8.5 Overfill protection. Storage tanks served by vapor recovery or processing systcnls shall bc equipped with overfill protection in accordance with Scction 3403.2.7.5.8.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
CHAPTER 35
FLAMMABLE GASES SECTION 3501 GENERAL 3501 .I Scope. The storage and use of flam~nablcgases shall be in accordancc with this chapter. Co~npressedgases shall also conlply with Chaptcr 30 and gaseous hydrogen systcms shall 1 also comply with NFPA 55. I. Gascs L I S C ~as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606). 2. Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gases rcgulatcd by Chaptcr 38. 3. Fuel-gas systc~lisand appliances regulated undcr the I~ztcr.ilntioi~cil Fuel Gus Cocic.. 4. Hydrogen motor filel-dispensing stations and repair garages dcsigned and constructed In accordance with Chdptcr 21. 5. Pyrophoric gases in accordance with Chapter 41.
3501.2 Permits. Permits sliall be required as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 3502 DEFlNlTlONS 3502.1 Definitions. Thc following words and terms shall, for chaptcr and as used elsewherc in this codc. the p~irpo,~csofthis have the nicanings shown herein. FLAMMABLE GAS. A material which is a gas at 6X°F (20"C,1or less at 14.7 pounds per square inch atmosphere ipsia) (101 1;Pa) of pressure [a material that has a boiling point of 68°F (770°C) or less at 14.7 psia (101 kPa)] which: I. Is ignitable at 14.7 psia (10 l kPa) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volurnc witli air; or 2. Has a flammable range at 14.7 psia ( 1 01 W a ) with air of at lcast 12 perccnt, rcgardlcss of the lower limit. Thcliliiitsspecified sliall bedetcrrilinedat 14.7 psi (101 kPa? of p r c s s ~ ~and e a tcmperaturc of 68°F (20°C) in accordance with ASTM E 68 I .
FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS. A licjucficd compressed gas which, under a charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 68°F (20°C) and which is fla~nmable.
SECTION 3503 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3503.1 Quantities not exccecling the maximum allonablc quantity per control area. The storage and usc of tla~nmablc gabes in aniountb ~ i oexceeding t the maximum allowable quantlty per control area indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordancc w ~ t hSect~ons7701.2703,3501 and 3503. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3503.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use. Flammable gases shall not be stored or used in Group A. B, E. I or R occupancies. Exceptions:
I . Cqlindcrs not cxcceding a capacity of 250 cubic feet (7.08 m3) each at normal tempcraturc and presurc (NTP) used for malntcnance purpo\es, patient carc or operation of ecluipmcnl.
2. Food servicc operations in accordancc witli Section 3803.2.1.7. 3503.1.1.1 Medial gases. Medical gas systcrn supply cylinders shall be located i n ~ucdicalgas storage rooms or gas cabinets as sct forth in Section 3006. 3503.1.1.2 Aggregate quantity. The aggrcg'1tc quantities of tlamuable gascs used for niaintcnallcc purposcs and operation of equipnient shall not exceed the maximunl allowable quantity per control area lndlcatcd in Table 2703.1 . I (1). 3503.1.2 Storage containers. Cylinders and pressure vessels for flammable gases shall be dcsigncd, constructed, installed, testcd and maintained in accordancc with Chaptel. 30. 3503.1.3 Emergcnty shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying flaiiimablc gases shall bc provided with approved manual or automatic emergency shutoff valvcs that can be activated at each point of use and at each soul.cc.
I
3503.1.3.1 Shutoff at source. A manual or :u~toinatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valve shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bull; source. Manual or automatic cylinder valvcs arc allowed to be uscd as the required emergency shutoff valvc when rhc source of supply is limited to umnanifolded cylinder sourccs. 3503.1.3.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic enlcrgency shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at thc point of use or at a point where the equipment using the gas is connected to the supply system. 3503.1.4 Ignition source control. Ignition sourccs in alcas containing flammable gascs in storage or in use shall be ) controlled in accordancc with Section 2703.7. Exception: Fuel gas systcms connectcd to building scrvice utilities in accordance witli the h,rc~r.r~nriolitrl Fl~el Gus C~ode. 3503.1.4.1 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing equipment located i n flamni~~ble gas storagc arcas sliall be grounded. 3503.1.4.2 Signs. "No Smoking" signs sliall be posted at entrances to rooms and in areas containing flammable gases in accordancc with Section 2703.7.1 345
I
FLAMMABLE GASES
3503.1.5 Electrical. Electrical wiring and eq~~ipmerlt shall bc installed and maintained in accordancc with the ICC Elec,trical Code,.
3504.1.1 Explosion control. Buildings or portions thereof containing flammable gases shall be provided with cxplosion control in accordance with Section 91 1.
3503.1.5.1 Bonding of electrically conductive matcrials and equipment. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts, including metal gas piping systems, that are part of flammable gas supply systcn~slocated in a hazardous (eleclrically classified) location shall be bonded to a groundcd conductor in accordance with the provisions of the ICC El~crricalCode.
3504.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703 and 2704, and this chaptcr.
3503.1.5.2 Static-producing equipment. Static-producing cquipmcnt located in flamn~ablegas storage or usc areas shall be grounded. 3503.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. 'The storage and use of flammable gases in aruounts csceeding the maximuin allowable quantity pcr control arca indicated in Section 2703.1 shaIl bc in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
3504.2.1 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor storage or use of flammable compre\scd gascs shall bc locatcd from a lot line. pnbIic strcct. public allcy, public way, or building not associatcd with the manufacture or distribution of such gases in accordance with Tablc 3504.2.1. SECTION 3505 USE 3505.1 General. The use of flammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1 ( I ) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701,2703 and 2705. and this chapter.
SECTION 3504 STORAGE
3504.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of tlammable gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca indicated in Tablc 7703.1.1 ( I ) , shall be in accordance with Sections 2701. 2703 and 2704, and this chapter.
FLAMMABLE GASES-
TABLE 3504.2.1 DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURES MINIMUM DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS
For St: 1 fool = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic fool = 0.02832m3. a. The minimum required distances shall not :~pplywhen fire ban-iers wi~houtopeni~igsor penetrations having a ~ ~ i i n i n l ifit-e-resist;~i~cr ~m rating of 2 hours interrupt ventilatiolr lo prevent the accuruulation the line of sight bctv+eenthestorageand theexposure. The configurationofthe fire barr~ershallbedesigned toallow 11at~1r:ll of hazardoils gaa conue~~trations.
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CHAPTER 36
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS SECTION 3601 GENERAL 3601.1 Scope. The storage and use of tlammablc solids shall bc in accordancc with this chapter.
3601.2 Permits. Pcrmits shall be required as sct forth in Section 105.6. SECTION 3602 DEFlNlTlONS 3602.1 Definitions. Thc following words and terms shall, for s the purpose\ of this chapter and as used clseuhcrc in t h ~ code, havc the meanings shown herein.
P'lJAMMABLI1:SOLID. A solid. other than a blasting agent or explosive. that is capable of causing fire through friction, absorption or moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained Ileal from manufacturing or processi~ig,01-which has an ignition tcmpcrature bclow 212°F (100°C) or which burns so vigorously and pcrsislently when ignited as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered a flan~mablesolid as determined in accordancc with the test method of CPSC 16 CFR: Part 1500.44, if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than 0.1 inch (2.5 mm) per sccond along its major axis. MAGNESIUM. The pure metal and alloys, of which the major part 15 iiiagnesi~~m. SECTION 3603 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3603.1 Quantities not exceeding the lnaxilnum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use o f flamrnablc solids in amounts not excecding the maximum allowable quantity per control area ;is indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordancc with Sections 2701.2703 and 3601.
3603.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca. Thc storage and use of flalnmablc solids cxcccding the nlaximum allowablc quantity per control arca as indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall bc in accordancc with Chapter 27 and this chapter. SECTION 3604 ST0 RAGE 3604.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of f[anlmal>lcsolids in alnounts cxce-dinrr tilC IllaXilnunlallowable aualltit~Der control arca indicated in Table 2703.1.1 ( 1 ) shall be in accordance with Scctions 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chaptcr. 3604.1.1 Pile size limits and location. Flan~mablcsolids stored in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic fect (28 1n3) shall hc separatccl into pilcs each not larger than 1.000 cubic feet (28 171~).
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3604.1.2 Aisles. Aisle widths between pilcs shall not be less than tllc height of the pilcs o r 3 fcct (1219 lr~nl),ullichcvcr is greater. 3604.1.3 Basement storage. Flammable solids shall not be stored in basements. 3604.2 Outdoor storage. Outtioor storage of flamnlablc solids in amounts cxceeding the maximuin allowable quantities per control area indicatcd in Tablc 2703. I . l(3) shall be in accolL dance with Sections 2701. 2703. 2704 and this chaptcr. Outdoor storage of magnesium shall be in accordance with Scction 3606. 3604.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage of Ilamniable solids shall not bc located within 20 fcet (6096 mm) of a building, lot line, public strcct, public alley. public way or means of egress. A 2-1iou1-fire ban-icr without openings or pe~~ctrations and extending 1 0 inchcs (762 m ~ n )above and to thc sides of the storage arca is allowed in lieu of such distancc. The wall shall either he an indcpcndcnt structurc, or the extcrior wall of the building adjacent to the stvragc area. 3604.2.2 Pile size limits. Outdoor storagc of flamri~ablcsolids shall be separated into piles not larger than 5,000 cubic fcct (I41 nl:) cach. Pilcs shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of r~otless than one-half the p ~ l cheight or 10 fcct (3048 mm), whichever is greater.
SECTlON 3605 USE
3605.1 General. The use of tlammablc solids in anlounts cxceeding the nlaximum allowablc quantity per control arua indicated in Table 2703.1.1 (I) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701,2703,2705 and this chaptcr.The use of mogncsium shall bc in accordancc with Scction 3606.
SECTION 3606 MAGNESlUM
3606.1 General. Storage, use, handling and processing of magnc~itiln,including the pure metal and alloys of which the major part is magnesium. shall be in acco~danccwith Chapter 27 and Scctions 3602.2 through 3606.8. 3606.2 Storage of lnagllesium articles. The StoragC of nlagncsium shall c o ~ ~ l pwith l y Sections 3606.2.1 through 306.4.3. 3606.2.1. Storage of greater than 50 cubic feet. Magnesium storage in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet ( 1.4 ni3) shall bc separated from storage of other materials that are either combustible or in combustihlc containers hy aisles. Piles shall be separated by aisles with a miiiimum width of not less than the pile height.
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
3606.2.2 Storage of greater than 1,000 cubic feet. Magncsium storage in quantities grcater than 1,000 cubic fcet (28 d) shall bc separated into piles not Iargcr than 1,000 cubic fcct (28 ni3) cach. Piles shall be separated by aislcs with a minimum width of not less than thc pile height. Such storage shall not be locatcd in nonsprinklcrcd buildings of Typc 111, IV or V construction, as defined in the Intcr.r~ation.alB~iiiili l z ~Cc~de. 3606.2.3 Storage in combustible containers or within 30 feet of other combustibles.Whcre in nonsprinklcred buildings of Typc 111, IV or V constmction, as defined in the h~te~znrio~ztzl Buildir~gCotle, magnesium shall not bc stored in co~nbuatiblccontainers or within 30 fcct (9144 mm) of othcr combustibles. 3606.2.4 Storage in foundries and processing plants. The sizc of storagc piles of magnesium articles in foundries and processing plants shall not exceed 1,250 cubic feet (25 m3). Piles shall bc separated by aislcs with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height. 3606.3 Storage of pigs, ingots and billets. The storagc of magncsiurn pigs, ingots and billets shall comply with Sections 3606.3.1 and 3606.3.2. 3606.3.1 Indoor slorage. Indoor storagc of pigs, ingots and billets shall only be on floors of noncombustible construction. Pilcs shall not be larger than 500.000 pounds (226.8 lnctric tons) cach. Pilcs shall be sepwated by aisles with a nlini~numwidth of not lcss than one-half the pile height. 3606.3.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of magnesium pigs, ingots and billets shall be in piles not exceeding 1,000,000 pounds (453.6 metric tons) cach. Pilcs shall be separated by aisles with a minimum width of not less than one-half the pile height. Piles shall be separated from combustible mater~alsor buildings on thc same or adjoining propcrty by a distancc of not less than thc height of the nearest pile. 3606.4 Storage of f'ine magnesium scrap. The storage of scrap magnesium shall comply with Sections 3606.4.1 through 3606.4.1. 3606.4.1 Separation. hlagnesium fines shall be kept separate tiom other comb~tstiblematerials. 3606.4.2 Storage of 50 to 1,000 cubic feet. Storage of fine rl~agnesiurnscrap in quantities greater than 50 cubic feet (1.4 m") [six 55-gallon (208 L) steel drums] shall be scparatccl from other occupancies by an opcn spacc of at least 50 feet (15 240 mm) or by a firc barrier constructed in accorclance with thc Irzterrrcltior~czlBrliltJirig Coile. 3606.4.3 Storage ofgreater than 1,000 cubic feet. Storage of ti'lnc magnesium scrap in quantities greater than 1,000 cubic fcet (28 m') shall be scparatcd from all buildings other than thosc uscd for magnesium scrap rccovery operations by a distance of not less than 100 feet (30 480 mm).
3606.5.2 Heat-treating ovens. Approved nlcans shall bc providcd for control of lnagncsiu~nfires in hcat-trcaling ovells. 3606.5.3 Dust collection. Magnesium g~inding,bufting and wire-brushing opcmtions, othcr than rough finishing of castings, shall be provided with approvcd hoods or cnclosures for dust collection which arc conncctcd to a liquid-precipitation type of separator that convcrts dust to sludge without contact (in a dry state) with any high-specd moving parts. 3606.5.3.1 Duct construction. Co~incctingducts or suction tubes shall bc conipletcly grounded, as short as possible, and without bends. Ducts shall be fc~bricatcdancl assembled with a smooth interior, with internal lap joints pointing in the direction of airflow and without unused capped sidc outlets, pockets or other dcad-cnd spaces which allow an accumulation of dust. 3606.5.3.2 Independent dust separators. Each machine shall bc equippcd with an individual tlust-separating unit. Exceptions: 1. One separator is allowed to s c ~ v two c dust-producing units on multiunit ~nacliincs. 2. One separator is allowcd to scrvc not more than four portable dust-producing units in a single enclosure or stand. 3606.5.4 Power supply interlock. Power supply to machincs shall bc interlocked with exhaust airflow, and liquid pressure level or flow. The interlocl< shall be dcsigned to shut down the machine it scrves when thc dust removal or separator system is not opcrating properly. 3606.5.5 Electrical equipment. Electric wiring, fixtures and equipment in the immediate vicinity of and attached to dust-producing machines. including those uscd in conncclion with separator equipment, shall be of approved typcs and shall be approved for use in Class 11. Division 1 hazardous locations in accordancc with the ICC Electricul Code. 3606.5.6 Grounding. Equipment shall bc 5ecurely grounded by permanent ground wire5 in accordance with thc ICC Electrical C:a~le. 3606.5.7 Fire-extinguishing materials. Fire-extinguishing materials shall be prov~dedfor c v c ~ yoperator pcrfornming machining. grinding or other proccs9ing operation 011 magnesium as follows: I. Within 30 feet (9144 mm). a supply of extinguishing materials in an approved container with a hand scoop or shovel for applying thc material; or 2. Within 75 feet (22 860 mm). a portahlc firc cxtin-
guisher complying with Section 906.
3606.5 IJse of magnesium. The use of ~nagncsiumshall comply with Sections 3606.5.1 through 3606.5.8.
A11 cxtinguishing niatcrials shall be approved for use on magnesium fires. Wherc extinguishing materials arc srorcd in cabinets or other cnclosed areas, the enclosures shall bc openablc without the usc of a kcy or special 1<11o~Icdge.
3606.5.1 Melting pots. Floors under ancl around melting pots shall bc of lloncombustible construction.
3606.5.8 Collection of chips, turnings and fines. Chips, turnings and othcr fine ~nagncsiunlscrap shall bc collcctcd 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
FLAMMABLE SOLlDS
from the pans or s p a c e ~ u n d c rmachines ar~dGom orher placcs whci-c thcy collect at least once each working day. Such nlaterial shall be p!aced in a covered. vented steel container and removed to an approved location.
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CHAPTER 37
HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS SECTION 370% GENERAL 3701.1 Scope. The storage and use of highly toxic a ~ toxic ~ d materials shall coniply with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage i n Group S occupancies comply~ngw ~ t hSection 2703.1 1. 2. Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural products as follows: 2. I. Application arid release of pesticide, agriculLural products and materials intended for use in weed abate~ncnt,erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and label directions. 2.2. Transportalion of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportalion Act and regulations thereunder. 1.3. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pcsticides registered by the U.S. Environmental protcctjon A~~~~~ to he utilized in and around the home, garden,pool: spaand patio. 3701.2 Permits. Permits shall be requircd as set forth in Section 105.6.
administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. 2. A chernical that has a mcdian lethal dose (LD,,) of 200 milligrams or less pcr kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 honrs) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
3. A chemical that has a median lethal co~iccntration(LC,,,) in ail-of 200 parls per million by volu~lleor less OF gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of ~nist,fume or dust. when ndministcrcd by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. Mixturcs of thesc materials with ordinary n~atcrials,such as water, might not warrant classification as highly Loxic. While this systcrn is basically simple in application, any hazard evaluation that is required for the precise categorization of tliis Lype of ni~aterialsh:~ll be pcrfor~l~ed by expcricnccd, fechnically competent persons.
OZONE-GAS GENERATOR. Equipment which causes the production of ozone. PHUSIOEOGICAI, WARNING THKEStIOLD 1,E:VE:L. A concentration of air-borne contaminants, normally expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligranis per cubic lneter (mg~m'), represents concentration at sons can sense theprcsence of the contaminant due to odor, irriresponses. When tation or othcr quick-acting- physiological . used in co~ijunctibnwith the pesmissib6 exposure limit (PEL). the physiological warning threshold levels are those cot~sistcnt with the classification system used to establish thc PEL. Sce the definition of "Pcrrnissible expowre limil (PEL)" in Section 2702. -
SECTION 3702 DEFlNlTlONS 3702.1 Definitions. 'The following words ant1 terms shall, for the pLIr1)oses of this chaptcr and as used clsewherc in this code. havk the meanings shown hercin. CONTAINMENT SYSTERI. A gas-tight recovcry system comprised of equipment or devices which can he placed over a leak in a compressed gxs container, thereby stopping or controlling the escape of pas from the leaking container. CON'rALNMENT VESSEL. A gas-tight recovery vessel designed so that a leaking compressed gas containcr can bc placcd within its conf'i~~cs thereby, encapsulating the leakilig containcr. EXCESS FLOW VALVE. A valve inserted into a co~npresscd gas cylinder, portable tarll, or stationary tank that is designed to positively shut off the flow of gas in the event that its prcdetcrmined flow is exceeded.
HIGHLY TOXIC. A ~iiaterialwl~icliproduces alethal dose or lethal cor~centrationwhich falls ivithin any of the following catcgorics: I . A che~~iical that has a median lethal dosc (LD,,) of 50 milligrams or less per Izilograrn of body weight when 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
REDUCED FLOW VALVE. A valvc equipped with a restricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable tank or stationary tank that is designed to I-educe thi, maximurn flow fro111 the valve under full-flow conditions. The ~naximumflow rate from the valve is detcrmincd with the valvc allowetl to flow to atmosphcrc with no other piping or tittings attached. 'TOXIC. A chcniical falling within any of the following categories: 1. A chemical that has a median lethal dosc (l,Di,,) of more than 50 milligrams pcr lcilogram, but not morc than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats wcigh~ngbetween 200 and 300 grarms each.
2. A chemical thal has a median lethal close (LD,,,) of rnorc than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not luorc than 1,000 milligrams per kilogra~nof body weight whcn administered by continuous contact for 24 ho11r.s(or less 351
HIGHLY TOXlC AND TOXlC MATERIALS
if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare k i n of albino rabbits weighing bctwcen 2 and 3 kilograms cach. 3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LCSo) in air of 11io1-ethan 200 parts per nill lion but not more than 2,000 parts per tnillion by volume of gas or vapor, or morc than 2 milligrams per liter but not more thari 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by contin~lousinhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
SECTION 3703 HIGHLY TOXlC AND TOXlC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS 3703.1 lndoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic nlatcrials shall comply with Sections 3703.1 . I through 3703.1 5.3. 3703.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amounts not exceeding the niaxirnum allowablc quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in aceordance with Sections 270 I, 2703 and 3701. 3703.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquidb in amounts exceeding the maxirnum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Tablc 2703.1.1(2) ahall be in accordance with Sect i o n ~3701 through 3703.1.3 and Chapter 27. 3703.1.3 Treatment system-highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scmbbers or other systems for processing vapors of highly toxic liquids shall he provided where a spill or accidental releasc of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at n o ~ m a ltcniperature and pressure. Treatment syslems and other processing systems shall be installed in accorda~icewith the Intltet-rxztional Mechulziccxl Code. 3703.1.4 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Scctions 3703. I .4.1 and 3703.1.4.7. 3703.1.4.1 Floors. In addition to the rcquiremcnts sct forth in Scction 2704.12. floors of storage areas shall be of liquid-t~ghtconstruction. 3703.1.4.2 Separation-highly toxic solids and liquids. In addition to the requirements set fort11 in Scction 2703.9.8, highly toxic solids and liquids ill storagc shall be locatcd in approved hazardous material storage cabinets or isolatcd from other hazardous material storagc by Biiilrlconstruction in accol-dance with the I17tenl~rfionul irzg Code. 3703.1.5 Indoor use. lndoor use of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall comply with Sections 3703.1.5.1 through 3703.1.5.3. 3703.1.5.1 Liquid transfer. Highly toxic and toxic liquids shall be transferrcd in accordar~cewith Section 2705.1.10.
3703.1.5.2 Exhaust ventilation for open systems. Mechanical exhaust ventilation \hall bc provitlcd for highly toxic and toxic liquids used in opcn sy\tcms In accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1. Exception: Liquids or solids that do not gcncrate highly toxic or toxic fumes, mists or vapors. 3703.1.5.3 Exhaust ventilation for closed systems. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be providcd for highly toxic and toxic liquids uscd in closed systems in accordance with Section 2705.7.2.2. Exception: Liquids or solids that do not gcncratc highly toxic or toxic fi~mes.lnlsts or vapors. 3703.2 Outdoor storage and use. Outdoor storage and use of highly toxlc and t o x ~ cmaterials chall comply with Scctlonb 3703.2.1 through 3703.2.6. 3703.2.1 Quantities not exceeding the maxin~umallowable quantity per control area. Thc outdoor storagc or use of highly toxic and toxic solids or liquids in amouiits not exceeding the maximum allowablc quantity per colltrol area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall bc in accordance with Sections 2701,2703 and 3701. 3703.2.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor stol-age or usc of highly toxic and toxic solids or Liquids in amounts excceding the maximum allowable quantity per control area sct forth in Table 2703.1. J(4) shall be in accordance with Scctions 370 1 and 3703.2 and Chapter 27. 3703.2.3 General outdoor requirements. The gcncral requirements applicable to the outdoor storage of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall bc in accordance with Sections 3703.2.3.1 and 3703.2.3.2. 3703.2.3.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic solids and liquids shall not bc locatcd within 20 feet(6096 mni) of lot lines, public streets. public alleys, public ways, exit discharges or exterior wall openings. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations extending not less than 30 inches (762 mni) above and to the sides of the storage is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall eithcr be an independent structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area. 3703.2.3.2 Treatment system-highly toxic liquids. Exhaust scrubbers or other systcms for processing vapors of highly toxic liquid shall be providcd where a spill or accidental release of such liquids can be expected to release highly toxic vapors at normal tcniperature and pressure (NTP). Treatment systcms and other processing systems shall be installed in accordance with thc hltenzariorzul Mc.chcrtricn1 Code. 3703.2.4 Outdoor storage piles. Outdoor storage piles of highly toxic and toxic solids and liquids shall be separated into piles not larger than 2,500 cubic feet (7 1 m'). Aisle widths between piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 nlm!. whichcvcr is greater. 3703.2.5 Weather protection for highly toxic liquids and solids-outdoor storage or use. Whcre overhead wcatlier 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HlGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS
protection is providcd for outdoor storage or use of highly toxic liquids or solids, and the weather protection is attached to a building, the storage or use area shall either be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1 . l , or storage or use vesscls shall be tire resistive. Weather protection shall be provided in accordancc with Section 2704.13 for storage and Scction 2705.3.9 for use.
3703.2.6 Outdoor liquid transfer. I-lighly toxic and toxic liquids shall bc transferred in accordance with Scction 2705.1.10.
SECTION 3704 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES 3704.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic comprcssed gases shall comply with this scction. 3704.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. Thc indoor storage and usc of highly toxic and toxic comprcssed gases in certain occupancics shall bc subject to the limitations contained in Scctions 3704.1. I. I tllr~i~gll 3704. I .1.3. 3704.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Toxic and highly toxic comprcssed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E. 1 or IJ occupancics. Exception: Cylinders not cxcceding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m') at normal tempcraturc and pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods. 3704.1.1.2 Group R occopancies. Toxic and highly toxic comprcssed gases shall not bc stored or used in Group R occupancies. 3704.1.1.3 Offices, rctail sales and classrooms. Toxic and high1y toxic conlpressed gases shall not be stored or used in officcs, retail sales or classroom portions of C;roup B, F. M 01-S occupancies. Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, cylinders with a capacity not exceeding 20 cubic fcet (0.566 m7)at NTP are allowed in gas cabu~etsor fume hoods. 3704.1.2 Gas cabinets. Cia5 cabinets contain~nghighly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall conlply with Section 2703.8.6 and the following recluirements: 1 . 'The average ventilation velocity at thc face of gas cabinet access ports or windows shall not be less than 3-00feet pcrminutc (I .02 m/s) with aminimum of 150 fcet per minute (0.76 n ~ / s )at any point of the access port or window.
2. Gas cabinets shall bc connected to an exhaust system. 3. Gas cabinets shall not be used as the solc means of exhaust for any 1.oon1or arca. 4. The maximum number of cylinders located in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three, except that cabinets containing cylinderh not ovcr I pound (0.453kg) net content\ arc allowed to conta~nlup to 100 cylinders. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
5. Gas cabinets rcqi~ircdby Scction 3704.2 or 3701.3 shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. Alternative fire-extinguishing SYS~CIIISshall [lot bc used. 3704.1.3 Exhausted enclosures. Exhausted cnclosurcs containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gascs shall comply with Section 2703.8.5 and the following rcquirements: 1. Thc average ventilation vclocity at the face of the enclosure shall not bc less than 200 fcet pcr minute (1.02 m/s) with a minimum of 150 Sect pcr minutc (0.76 nds). 2. Exhausted enclosures shall bc conncctcd to an exhaust system. 3. Exhausted enclosures shall not bc uscd as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area. 4. Exhausted cnclosurcs requircd by Scction 3704.2 or 3704.3 shall be equipped with an approvcd automatic sprinltler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. Alternative firc-extinguishing systems shall not be used.
3704.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storagc and use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gascs shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.3.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3. 3704.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storagc and usc of highly toxic and toxic con~pressedgases shall be as set forth in Sections 3704.2.1.1 through 3704.2.1.3. 3704.2.1.1 Quantities not exceeding thc niaximum allowable quantity per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca sct forth in 'Table 2703.1. I(?) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701,3703, 3701 and 3704.1. 3704.2.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control area set forth in 'Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordaucc with Sections 3701, 3704.1, 3704.2 and Chapter 27. 3704.2.1.3 Ozone gas generators. The indoor use of ozone gas-generating equipment shall bc in accorduncc with Section 3705. 3704.2.2 General indoor requirements. Thc general require~nentsapplicable to the indoor storagc and use of highly toxic and toxic comprcssed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3. 3704.2.2.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinder5 hhall be located within gas cabinets, euhaustcd cnclosu~esor gas rooms. Portable and atationary tank5 shall bc locatcd within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures. 3704.2.2.2 Ventilated areas. The room or arca in which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures arc located hhall be provided wit11 exhaust ventilation. Gas cabincts or
HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS
cxhausted enclosures shall not bc used as thc sole means of exhaust for any room or area.
3704.2.2.3 Leaking cylinders and tanks. One or more gas cabinets or cxhausted cnclosurcs shall be provided to handle leaking cylinders, contamers or tanks. Exceptions: 1. Where cylinders, containers or tanks are located within gas cabincts or exhausted enclosures.
2. Whcrc approved containment vessels or con-. tainn~entsystems arc provitletl in accordance with all of thc following: 2.1. Containment vcssels or containment systcms shall be capable of fully containing or terminating a release. 2.2. Traincd personnel shall be available at an approvcd location. 2.3. Containment vessels or containment systems shall bc capable of being transported to the leaking cylinder, container or tank.
3704.2.2.3.1 Location. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be located in gas rooms and connectcd lo an cxhaust system.
3704.2.2.4 Local exhaust for portable tanks. A means of local exhaust shall bc provided to capture leaks from portable tanks. Thelocal exhaust shall consist of port:ible ducts or collection systems designed to be applied to the site of a leak in a valve or fitting on the tank. The local cxhaust system shall be located in a gas room. Exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system in accordance with Scction 3704.2.2.7.
3704.2.2.5 Piping and controls-stationary
tanks. In addition to thc requirements of Section 2703.2.2, piping and controls on stationary tanks shall comply with the following requirements:
1 . Pressure relicf devices shall be vented to a treatment system designed in accordance with Section 3704.2.2.7.
Exception: Pressurc relief dcviccs on outdoor tanks providcd exclusively for relieving pressure due to fire exposure are not rcquired to be vented to a treatment system providetl that: 1. The material in the tank is not flammable. 2. The tank is not located in a diked area
with othcr tanks containing combustible materials. 3. The tank is located not lcss than 30 feet (9144 nim) from combustible materials or structures or is shielded by a fire barrier c o m p l y i n g w i t h S c c t i o n 3704.3.2.1.1. 2. Filling or dispensing connections shall be provided with a means of local cxl~aust.Such cxhaust
shall hc dcsigncd to capture f111ncsancl vapors. Thc exhaust shall he directed to a treatment system in accordance with S c c t i o ~3704.2.2.7. ~ 3. Stationary tanks shall be provided with a Incans of excess flow control on all tank inlet 01.outlct connections.
Exceptions: 1. lnlct connections dcsigned to prevcnl backflow. 2. Pressure relief devices.
3704.2.2.6 Gas rooms. Gas rooins shall comply with Section 2703.8.4 and both of the following requirements: 1. Thc exhaust ven~ilationfro111gas rooms shall hc
directed to an exhaust systcm. 2. Gas rooms shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be uscd.
3704.2.2.7 Treatment systems. Thc cxhaust ventilation from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures, gas rooms and local exhaust systems required in Sections 3704.2.2.4 and 3704.2.2.5 shall bc directed to a trcat~ncntsystem. The treatment svstem shall be utilized to handlc ~ h accic dental release of gas and to proccss cxhaust ventilation. The treatmen1 system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.7.1 through 3704.2.2.7.5 and Section 510 of the Inter-rtatiorzalMecllnnir.cr1 Cotie.
Exceptions: A treatment system is not required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage whcn all of the following controls are providcd:
1. Highly toxic and toxic gascs-storage.
1.1. Valve outlets a r e cyuipped with gas-tight outlct plugs or caps.
1.2. Handwheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement. 1.3. Approved containment vesscls or containment systems arc providcd in accordance with Section 3704.2.2.3. 2. Toxic gases -use. Treatment systcnls arc not required for toxic gases supplied by cylinders or portable tanks not exceeding 1,700 pounds 0 (772 kg) water capacity when thc following are provided: 2.1. A gas detcction system with a sensing inlcrval not cxcceding 5 minutes. 2.2. An a p p r o v e d a u t o m a t i c - c l o s i n g fail-safe valve locatcd iminccliately adjacent to cylinder or portable tank valves. The fail-safe valve shall close I when gas is detected at the PEL by a gas dctection system monitoring the exhaust system at the point of clischargc from the gas cabinet, cxha~tstedenclo2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS
surc, vcntilatcd enclosure or gas room. The gas dt'tcc~1011 system shall comply with Sect~on3703.2.2.10.
3704.2.2.7.2 Design. Treatment systems shall be cap;~blcof diluting, adsorbing, absorbing, containing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of thc largest single vesscl of compressed gas. Whcrc a total contain~iler~t systcm is used, the system shall be designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of relcase to thc system when it reaches ecluilibrium.
3704.2.2.7.2 Perforn~ance.Treatnient systems shall bc designed to reduce the maxiniom allowable discharge concentrations o f the gas to orre-half immediate by dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at the point of dischargc to the atmospherc. Where morc than one ?as is cmittcd to thc trcntinent system, the trcatnient system shall be designed to handle the worst-case rcleasc based on the relcasc ratc. the quantity and the IDLH for all compressed gases storcd or used.
3704.2.2.7.3 Sizing. Treatment systerns shall be sizcd to process t11c maximum worst-case relcase of gas bascd on the ~naxirnumflow ratc of release from thc largcst vcssel ~rtilized.The cntirc contents of thc largest compressed gas vcsscl shall be cousidcred.
3704.2.2.7.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be labclcd with the maximum rate of relcase for thc compressed gas conlained bascd 011valves or tittings that are inserted directly into the tank. Where multiple valx~esor fittings arc providcd, the niaxi~num flow rate of relcase for valves or fittings with the higlicstflow rate shall he indicated. Whcre liquefied cornpressed gases are in contact with valves or fittings. the liquid flow rate shall bc utilized for computation purposes. Flow rales indicatcd on thc label shall bc convcrtcd to cubic fcct per minute (ft3/luin) (rn3/s)oT gas at norrnul telnpcrature arid pressure (NTP).
3704.2.2.7.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The maxinium flow rate or relcase for portable tanks and cylindcrs shall be calculated bascd on thc total rcleasc from the cylinder or tank within thc time specified in Table 3704.2.2.7.5. When portable tanks or cylindcrs arc ccluipped with approved excess flow or reduccd flow valves, the worst-case release shall bc dctermincd by thc maxin~umachievable flow from the valve as determined by the valve manufacturer or coniprcssed gas supplier. Rcduced flow and excess flow valves shall be pertnancntly marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall indicatc the flow rate for air undcr normal temperature and pressure.
I
TABLE 3704.2.2.7.5 RATE OF RELEASE FOR CYLINDERS AND PORTABLETANKS VESYLTYPE
(minutes)
I-
(minutes)
3704.2.2.8 Emergency powcr. Emergency power in accordance with the ICC Electrical Cock. shall bc pluvidcd in l ~ e uof standby p o w c ~wherc any ot thc follo\ving systems arc required:
I . Exhaust vcntilation systcm 3. Treatment systcm. 3. Gas detect~onsystem 4. Smoke detcction system.
5. Tcrnperature control system. 6. Fire alann system. 7. Emcrgency alarm systcm.
Exception: Emcrgcncy power is not requ~redfor mechanical exhaust ventilation, treatment iystcms and tcn~peraturccontrol systcnis whcre approved fail-safe cnginecred systcnls are installcd.
3704.2.2.9 Automatic fire detection system-highly toxic compressed gases. An approvcd automatic firc detection system shall be installcd in rooms or arcas \vhcrc highly toxic cv~npressedgases are stored or uscd. Activation of the detcction systcm shall sound a loc:~l alarnl. The fire detection system shall comply with Scction 907.
3704.2.2.10 Gas detection system. A gas dctcction system shall be provided to detcct thc presence of gas at or below the PEL or cciling limit of thcgas for which dctcction is provided. The systcnl shall becapableof monitoring thidischarge from thc trcatlnent systcln at or bclow one-half the 1DI.H limit.
Exception: A gas detection system is not required for toxic gases when thc physiological warning thrcsholtl level for the ~ : L Sis at a lcvcl bclow thc acccptcd PEL for tllc gas.
3704.2.2.10.1 Alarms. The gas dctcction system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constant1y attended control station when a short-tcrm hazard condition is detected. The alarm shall bc both visual and audible and shall provide warning hot11 inside and outsidc the area whcrc gas is dctcctcd. Thc audible alartn shall bc distinct from all other alarms.
Exception: Signal transmission to a constantly attendcd control station is not rcquircd whcrc not more than one cylinder of highly toxic or toxic gas is stored.
3704.2.2.10.2 Shut off of gas supply. The gas-dctcction system shall autolnatically close the shutoff valvc at the source on gas supply piping arid tubing rclated to the system being monitorcd for whichcvcr gas is detected.
Excepbiori: Automatic shutdown 1s not requircd for reactors utilized for the p~.odnctiono f highly toxic or toxic coniprcsscd gases whcrc such rcactors are: 1. Opcrated at pressures less than 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) 1103.4 kPa).
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS
2. Constantly attended. 3. Provided with readily accessible emergency shutoff valves.
3704.2.2.10.3 Valve c1osu1.e. Automatic closure of shutoff valves shall be in accordance with the following: 1. When the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure, the shutoff valvc ill the gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure for the spccific gas detected shall automatically close. 2. Wherc the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is within a gas room and compressed gas containers are not in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures, the shutoff valves on all gas lines for the specific gas detccted shall automatically close. 3. Where the gas-detection sampling point initiating the gas detection system alarm is within a piping distribution manifold enclosure, the shutoff valve for the compressed container of specific gas detected supplying the manifold shall automatically closc.
Exception: When the gas-detection sampling point initiating thc gas-detection system alarm is at a use location or within a gas valve enclosure of a branch line downstream of a piping distribution manifold, the shutoff valve in the gas valve enclosure for thc branch line located in the piping distribution manifold enclosure shall auton~atically close. 3704.3 Outdoor storage and use. The outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic conlpressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.3.1 through 3704.3.4. 3704.3.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the outdoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 3704.3.1.1 through 3704.3.1.3. 3704.3.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gabcs in dmounts not cxcceding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 2703.1 . l(4) shall be in accordanec with S e c ~ ~ o 2701,2703 ns and 3701. 3704.3.1.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca. The outdoor storage or usc of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in 'T'ablc 2703. I. l(4) shall be in accordance w ~ t h Sections 3701 and 3704.3 and Chapter 27. 3704.3.1.3 Ozone gus generators. The outdoor use of ozone gas-generating cquipnlent shall be in accordancc with Section 3705.
3704.3.2 General outdoor requirements. Thc general requirements applicable to the outdoor storage and u,e of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Scctions 3704.3.2.1 througli 3704.3.2.7. 3704.3.2.1 Location. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases shall be located in accordance with Sections 3704.3.2.1.1 through 3704.1;.;3.1.3. Exception: Compressed gases located in gas cabinets co~nplyingwith Sections 2703.8.6 and 3704.1.2 and located 5 fcet (1 524 mm) or morc from buildings and 75 feet (7620 mm) or Inore from an exit discharge. 3704.3.2.1.1 Distance limitation to exposures. Outdoor storage or use of highly toxic or toxic conipressed gases shall not be located within 75 fcct (22 860 mm) of a lot line. public street, public alley, public way, exit discharge or building not associated with the manufacture or distributioii of such gases. unless all of thc foliowing conditions are met: 1. Storage is shielded by a 2-hour fire barrier which interrupts thc line of sight between the storage and the exposure.
2. The 2-hour fire barrier shall be located at least 5 feet ( 1.524 mm) from any exposure. 3. The 2-hour fire barrier shall not have more than two sides at approxiniatcly 90-degree (1.57 rad) directions, or three sides with conncctir~g angles of approximately 135 degrees (2.36 rad).
3704.3.2.1.2 Openings in exposed b u i l d i ~ ~Where g. the storage or use area is located closer than 75 fcet (,22 860 mm) to a building no1 associated witli thc manufacture or distribution of highly toxic or toxic compressed gases, openings into abuilding other than for piping are not allowed abovc the height of the top of the 2-hour fire barrier or within 50 feet ( I 5 240 mm) horizontally from the storage arca whether or not shielded by a fire barrier. 3704.3.2.1.3 Air intakes. The storage o r use area shall not be located within 7.5 feet (22 860 mm) of air intakes. 3704.3.2.2 Leaking cylinders and tanks. The rcquirements of Section 3704.2.2.3 shall apply tooutdoorcylinders and tanks. Gas cabinets and exhausted enclosures shall be located within or immediately adjaccnt to outdoor storage or use areas. 3704.3.2.3 Local exhaust for portable tanks. Local exhaust for outdoor portable l a n k shall be prov~dedin accordance with the requiremcnls set forth in Seclion 3704.2.2.4. 3704.3.2.4 Piping and controls-stationary tanks. Piping and controls for outdoor stationary tanks shall be in accordance witli the requirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.5. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERlALS
3704.3.2.5 Treatment systems. The treatment system requ~~eincnts set forth in Scction 3704.2.2.7 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gascs locatcd outdoors. 3704.3.2.6 Emergency power. The requirements for cnierzcncy power sct forth in Section 3704.2.2.8 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases locatcd outdoors. 3704.3.2.7 Gas detection system. The gas detection systc~nrequirements set forth in Section 3704.2.2.10 shall apply to highly toxic or toxic gases located outdoors. 3704.3.3 Outdoor storage weather protection for portable tanlis and cyli~lders.Weather protection in accordance with SecLion 2704.13 shall be provided for portahlc tanks and cylinders locatcd outdoors and not within gas cabincts or exhaustcd enclosures. The storagc arca shall be cq~iippccl with an approvcd autonlatic sprinkler systern in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. Exception: An automatic sprinkler system is not required when: 1. All ~ilater~als under the wcatlier protection structurc, including hazardous materials and thc coat a i n c r s in w h i c h t h c y a r c s t o r c d . a r c noncoinbustiblc. 2. Thc weatherprotection structure is located not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible materials or structurcs or is scpalated from such materials or structures using a firc harrier coniplying wit11 Scction 3704.3.3.1 . l .
3704.3.4 Outdoor use of cylinders, containers and portable tanks. Cylinders, containers arid portable tanks in outdoor usc shall be locatcd in gas cabinets or exhaustcd cnclosurcs.
shall dihplay an approved sign \tating: OZONE GAS GENERATOR-HI[GHLY TOXIC-OXIDIZER. Cabinets shall be braced for scismic activity in accordance with the Intrrnutioiznl Bcrikiirig CO:/P. Cabinets shall bc mcchanically ventilated in accorclancc Code with a minimum of with thc Intertz~ztronnlM~~rl~unic.ul six air changcs per hour. The avcrage velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings with cabinet doors closcd shall not be less than 200 fcct per minute (1.02 rn/s).
3705.3.2 Ozone gas generator rooms. Ozonc gas gcncrator rooms shall bc mcchanically vcnlila~cdin accordance Mec.17uiiical Code with a minimum of with theI~~teniutionn1 six air charlgcs per hour. Ozonc gas generator rooms shal I bc cquipped with acontinuous gas detection system which will shut offt11egenerator and sound a local alarm when concenble lirrlit occur. trations abovc the p c r ~ ~ ~ i s s icxposurc Ozone gas-generator roorns shall not bc nornlally occublc pied, and such roorns shall bc kcpt frcc o f c o ~ ~ ~ b u s t iand hazardous material storagc. Rooin access doors shall d ~ s play an approvcd sign stating: OZONE GAS GENERATOR-HIGHLY TOXIC-OXIDIZER.
3705.4 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valvcs. fittings and x in accorrclatcd components uscd to convey ozonc shall l dance with Sections 3705.4.1 through 3705.4.3. 3705.4.1 Piping. Piping shall be wcldcd stainless stccl piping or tubing. Exceptions: 1. Doublc-walled piping. 2. Piping, valves, fittings and rclatcd components located in cxhausteci enclosures.
SECTION 3705 OZONE GAS GENERATORS
3705.4.2 Materials. Materials shall be compatihlc with oxonc and shall be ratcd for thc design operating prcssurcs.
3705.1 Scope. O ~ o n egas generators having a maxilnum ozone-generating capacity of0.5 pound (0.23 kg) or morc over ;I '&hour pcriod shall hc i l l accortlance with this scction.
3705.4.3 Identification. Piping shall bc identified with thc following: OZONE GAS-IIICHLY TOXIC-0x1DIZER.
Exceptions: 1 . Ozone-gcncrating equipment used in Groi~pR-3 occupancies.
2. Ozonc-generating equipment used in Group H-5 occupancies.
3705.5 Automatic shutdown. Ozonc gas gcncrators shall be designed to shut down auton~aticallyunder tlic following conditions: 1. When the dissolved ozonc concentration in the water bcing treated is above saturat~onuhcn incasured at the point wherc thc water is exposed to thc z~trnospherc.
3705.2 Design. Ozone gas gc~icratorsshall be designed, fabricatctl and tcsted in accordance with NEMA 250.
2. M7hen the process using gencratcd ozo~icis shut down.
3705.3 Location. Ozone generators shall be located in approvcd cabincts or oz,onc generator rooms in accordance with Scction 3705.3.1 or 3705.3.2.
4. Failure of the ventilation systcru for the cabinet or ozonc-generator room.
Exception: An ozonc gas gcncrator within an approved pressure vessel when locatcd outside of buildings. 3705.3.1 Cabinets. Ozonc cabinets shall be constructed of approvcd m;itcrinls and compatible with ozonc. Cabinets 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3. When the gas dctcction systcnl detects ozone.
5. Failure of the gas detcction system.
3705.6 Manual shutdown. Manual shutdown controls shall bc provided at the generator and, whcrc in a room, within 10 fcct (3048 mm) of the main exit or exit access tloor.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 38
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES SECTION 3801 GENERAL 3801.1 Scope. Storage. handling and transportation of liquefied petrolcunl gas (LP-gas) and the installation of LP-gas ecluipment pertinent to systems for such uses shall cornply ivith this chaptcr and NFPA 58. Propertics of' LP-gases shall be detcrnlined in accordance with Appendix B of NFPA 58. 3801.2 Pcrn~its.Permits shall bc rcquired as set forth in Scctions 105.6 and 105.7. Distributors shall not fill an LP-gas containcr for which a pcrnrit is rcquired unless a pcrmit for installation has been issued for that location by the fire code official. 3801.3 Construction documents. Wlierr a single container is rnorc than 2,000 gallons (7570 L ) in water capacity or the aggregate capacity of containers is more than 4,000 gallons (I 5 140 L) in watcr capacity, the installer shall submit construction documcnls for such installation.
SECTION 3802 DEFINITIONS 3802.1 Definition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elscwhcre in this code, havc the meaning shown herein.
LILQUEF1II:D PETROLEUbI GAS (LP-gas). A material which is co~iiposcdpredolliinantly of the followil~ghydrocarbons or mixturcs of thcm: propane, propylene, butanc (nom~al butane or isobutane) and butylenes. SECTION 3803 INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT 3803.1 General. LP-gas ecluipmcnt shall bc installed in accordarlcc with the hzrerrzarional Fuel Gus Code and NFPA 58. cxcept as otherwiqc providcd in this chapter.
3803.2 Use o f IT-gas containers in buildings. Thc use trf 1,P-gascontainers in buildings sliall be in accordance with Sections 3803.1.1 and 3803.2.2. 3803.2.1 Portable containers. Portable LP-gas containers, as dcfineii in NFPA 58, shall not bc uscd in buildings cxcept as speciticd in NFPA 58 and Sections 3803.2.1.1 through 3803.2.1.7. 3803.2.1.1 Use in basement, pit or similar location. LP-gas containers shall not bc used in a basement. pit or similar location whcrc heavier-than-air gas might collect. LP-gas containers shall not be used in an above-grade undcrfloor space or basement inl less such locatiol~is provided with an approved mcans of ventilation.
Exception: Use with sclf-contained torch arse~nblics ill
accordance with Scction 3803.2.1.6.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
3803.2.1.2 Cox~structionand tcmporarg heating. Portable containcrs arc allowcd to he uscd in buildings or areas of buildings under-going construction or for ternporary heating as sct forth in Sections (7.17.4, 6.17.5 and 6.17.8 of NFPA 58. 3803.2.1.3 Group F occupancies. In Group F occupancics, portable LP-gas containers are allowed to bc usctl to supply quantities necessary for processing, research or experimentation. Wlicrc manifolcled, the aggregate water capacity of such containers shall not cxcccd 735 pounds (334 kg) per manil'old. Where ~nultiplemanifolds of such containers arc prescnt ill the same room, each manifold shall be separated from othcr manili)l(ls by a distance of not less than 20 fcet (6096 mm). 3803.2.1.4 Group E and I occupancies. In Group E and I occupancies, portablc LP-gas containers arc allowcd to bc rlsed for research and expcriincntation. Sucli co~ltniners sliall not hc uscd in classroon~s.Sucli containers shall not exceed a 50-pound (23 kg) watcr capacity in occupancies uscd for cducatiunal purposes and sIi;111 not cxceed a 12-pouncl ( 5 kg) water capacity in occupancies uscd for institutio~ialpurposes. Whcrc more than one such container is present in the same room, each cnnvainer shall bc separated from othcr containcrs by a distance of not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). 3803.2.1.5 Demonstration uses. Portahic LP-gas containers are allowed to bc usctl tcmporaril y for dcnlonstratiuns and puhlic exhibitions. Such contuiuers shall not exceed a watel.capacity of 17, pounds (5 kg!. Whcl-c rllore than one such container is prescnt in the stme room. each container shall be separated from other containcrs by a distance of not less than 2 0 fcct (6096 mnl). 3803.2.1.6 Use with self-contailled torch assemblies. Portable 1-P-gas containers arc allowcd to be used to supply approved self-contained torch asscmblics or similar appliances. Such containers shall not cscccd a watcr capacity of 2.5 pounds ( 1 kg). 3803.2.1.7 Use for food preparation. Whcre approved, listed LP-gas commercial food service upp1i;unccs are allowed to be used for food-preparation within restaurants and i l l attended coinmercial food-catering operations in accordance will1 the Irztenlation~~l b'~1c1 Gas Code, thelrit~~r~~crtiorzul n/led7nriic~trlCotleand NFPA 58. 3803.2.2 Industrial vehicles and floor maintenance machines. Contai~~ers on industrial vehiclcs and floor maintenance machines ahall co~nplywith NFPA 5 8 , Scction 11.12 and Il.13.
3803.3 Location o f equipment and piping. Ecluipnrcnt and piping shall not bc installed in locations wlierc such ccluipmcnt and piping is prohibited by the Irrter~zatior~c~l I;I,I(,IGus Codc. 359
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
SECTION 3804 LOCATION OF CONTAlNERS
c:tpacity of nature of occupancy, and prox~niityto h~~ilclings, proposed containcrs, degree of fire protection to be provided and capabilities of the local fire department.
3804.1 General. The storage and handling of LP-gas and the installation ancl maintcnancc of related ecluipment shall comply with NFl'A 58 and be subject to the approval of the fire code official. except as provided in this chapter.
3804.3 Container location. Container:: shall be localed with respcct to buildings, public ways. and lot lines of adjoining property that can be built upon, 111 accordance with Table 3803.3.
3804.2 Maximum capacity within established limits. Within the lii~iitsestablished by law restricting the storage of liclucfied petroleum gas for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas. the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not excccd a water capacity of 2,000 gallons (7570 L) (see Section 3 of thc Sample Ordinancc for Adoption of the Zrlreinafioric~lFire Code on page v).
3804.3.1 Special hazards. Containers shall also bc located with respcct to special hazards such as above-ground flammable or conlbustiblc liquid tanks. oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers, flooding or clcctric power lines as specified in NFPA 58, Section 6.4.5. 3804.4 Multiple containcr installation. Multiple container in\tallations with a total water storage capacity of more than 180,000 gallons (681 300 L) 11 50,000-gallon (567 750 L) LP-gas capacity] shall be subdivided into groups containing
Exception: In particular installations, this capacity limit shall be deterruined by the fire code official, after consideration of special features such as topographical conditions,
TABLE 3804.3 LOCATION OF LP-GAS CONTAINERS
r-
MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN CONTAINERS AND BUILDINGS, PUBLIC WAYS OR LOT LINES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON
I/
/ .-4 !
CONTAINER CAPACITY (water gallons) . . ... . -
.
i
1 ...
.
.
_
~~
Mounded or underground containersa ~-freet) ~. -
1
1 2 5.to. 250 - .
..-
-
--
.-
10
..
50
1
_
-
C... i
~i
.
LI .....
.
Above-ground containersb (feet) .
10
, I
i/
1 i ...- ~
MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN CONTAINERS^^ + ~. .
. .~.
I .
. .
!fee_tlL N o n.e .
~
-~
ji
175
For S1: I loot = 304.8 mln: I gallon = 3.785 I,. a. Minimri~ndistance for u n d e r g ~ ~ ~ ucontainers nd shall be measured froin the pressure relief device and the filling or liquid-level gauge vent c o n ~ ~ e c t i oatnthe cont tainer, esccpt that all parts of an u n d e ~ r o u n dcontainer shall be 10 feet or mure from a htilding or lot line of adjoining propclty which can he h ~ i l npon. h. For other tl~aninstallations in which the overhanging structure is 50 feet or more above Ihe relief-valve discharge outlet. In appl ying the distance between I)uildings and i\SMEcontaincl.s with awatrrcal)acity of 125gallons o r m o r e , ; ~ m i n i m u noC50percentoftl1is ~ h~~rizontaldistance shall also apply toall portionsofthe building which project more than 5 feet frnm the building wall and which ere higher than the relief valve disch:ilpe outlet. This hori~ontaldistance shall be ~neasu~-ed lion1 a point determined by pmjecting the outside cdge of such overhanging structure ve~iicallydownward to grade or othel.lcve1 upon which the contairlcr is installcd. Distauces to thc building wall shall not he less than those prescribed iu this table. c. When u ~ ~ d q r o u~nulticontainer r~d inst~~llations are comprised of individual containers having a water capacity of 125 gallons or morc, such containers shall he i~~slallcd so as to provide access at their ends or sides to facilitate \\,orking with cranes or hoists. d, i\t a consi~nlersite,il'the a$gre#aLc w3tercap;lcity 01'amulticoolainerinstallat1on.comprised of individual containers having e water capacity ~ f l c s Ihan s 17-5gnlIons, is 500 gallons or nlore; the minimum distance shell comply with the appropriate portion of Tahle 3803.3. applying the aggregate capacity rather I ~ : I Ithe I cap:~cityper cont:liner. If morc than one such instnllation is made, each installation shall be scpalxted i'rom other installations hy at leasl 25 feel. R'lini~nu~rl dise~~ need not bc applied. tances h ~ t w c containcrs e. The li,llowin@sh:~llapply to ahovc-gro~~nd containers installed alongside Ix~ildings: 1. Containers of less than a 125-gallon water capacity are allowed next 11, the building they serve when in conipliancc with Items 2;3 and 4. '2. Depart~ncirtofTranspottation (DOTn) spccilication containers shall be located andinstalledso that the discharge Srtm the containerpressure relict'dcvicc is at least 3 feet horizontally limn building openings helow the lcvel of such discharge and shall not Oe bencath buildings u~ilessthe space is \vr:ll \rcntil;~tedto thc outside and is not enclosed for mow than 5 0 percent of its perimeter. Thc discharge from conlainCrpressure relief devices !;hall he 1l1c;itednot less than 5 l'cet L'I.t,rn cntc~iorsources or ignition, openings into direct-vent (sealed cornbustic~nsystem) appliances or 1nech;mical ventilation ciir intaltcs.
3. ASME containers of Icss than a 125-gallon water capacity shall be located and installed such that the discharge from pucssurc relief devices sliall not tc~nlinate in or hcncnth buildings and shall be located at least 5 lcet horirontzllly from building ol)rnings below the level of such discharge and not less than 5 k e l frniil extcriol- sources of ignition, ilpcnings into direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances, or rneclranical vrntilation air intakes. 4. The lilling c ~ n n e c t i o oand the vent froin liquid-level fauges an either DOT11 or ASME containcrs filled al the point of installation shall not be less than 10 feet li-on] exterior sources ol'ignition, ~ ~ p c n i n gInto s direct vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical \,entilation air intaltcs. I: This distance is allowed Lo bc reduced to not less than 1 0 feet for a single containcroS 1,200-gallon water capacity orlass, providcd.\uch coiltaiticris at Ic~1st25fcct from other l>P-gas containcrs of more than 125-pllon water capacity.
360
2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
not ~ilorcthan 180.000 gallons (68 1 300 L) in each group. Such groups shall be separated by a distance of not lcss than 50 feet (1 5 240 mm), unlcss the containcrs are protccted in accordance with one of the following: 1. M o ~ ~ n d eind an approved manner.
2. Protccted with approved insulation on arcas that are subject to impingcnient of ignited gas from pipclines or othcr leakage. 3. Protcctcd by firewalls of approved construction. 4. Protccted by an approved system for application of water as specified in NFPA 58, Table 6.3.2. 5 . Protccted by other approved means.
Where one of these forms of protection is provided, the separation shall not be less than 25 feet (7620 mm) between containcr groups.
SECTION 3805 PROHIBITED USE OF LP-GAS 3805.1 Nonapprovedequipment. LP-gas shall not be used for the purpose of operating devices or equip~nentunless such device or equipment is approved for usc with LP-gas. 3805.2 Kcleesc to the atmosphere. LP-gas shall not be ]-eleased to thc atmosphere, except through an approved liquid-level gauge or othcr approved device.
3807.3 Clearance to combustibles. Weeds. grass, brush, trash and other combustible materials shall be kept a ~ n i n i m u ~ofn 10 fcet (3048 mm) from LP-gas tanks or containcrs. 3807.4 Protecting containers from vehicles. Where exposed to vehicular damage due to proxi~iiityto alleys, driveways or parking areas, LP-gas containers. regulators and pip~ngshall be protected in accordance with Scction 3 12. SECTION 3808 FIRE PROTECTION 3808.1 General. Fire protection shall be provided for installations having storagc containers with a water capacity of more than 4,000 gallons (1 5 140 L), as requircd by Sect10116.23 of NFPA 58. 3808.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Portablc fire extinguisher\ complying with Sect~on906 shall bc provided as spec~fiedin NFPA 58. SECTION 3809 STORAGE OF PORTABLE LP-GAS CONTAINERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE 3809.1 General. Storage of portablc containers of 1.000 pounds (454 kg) or less, whether filled, partially filled or empty. at consumer sites or di\tributing point\. and for resale by dealers or resellers shall comply with Sections 3809.2 through 3809. I 5.
SECTION 3806 DISPENSING AND OVERFlLLlNG 3806.1 Attendants. Dispensing of LP-gas shall be performed by a clualified attcndant.
Exceptions: 1. Containers that have not previously been in LP-gas service.
3806.2 Overfilling. 1.9-gas containers shall not he fillcd or maintained with LP-gas in cxccss of either thc volume dctermined using the fixed liquid-level gauge installed by the manufacturcr or the wcight detcrniined by the required percentage of the water capacity marked on the container. Portable containers shall not be refillcd unless equipped with an overfilling prcvention device (OPD) when required by Section 5.7.6 of NFPA 58.
3. Containers at consumer sites or dist~ihutingpoints, which are connected for ure.
3806.3 Dispensing locations. 'Thc point of transfer of LP-gas fro111one container to anothcr shall he separated from exposures as specified in NFPA 58. SECTION 3807 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND DEVICES 3807.1 Safety devices. Safety devices on LP-gas containcrs. cqu~pmentand systcms shall not bc tampered w ~ t hor. niadc incffcctive. 3807.2 Smoking and other sources of ignition. "No Smoking'' signs co~nplyingwith Section 3 10 shall be posted whcn required by the fire codc official. Smoking within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a point of transfer, while filling operations are in progress at containcrs or vehicles, shall be prohibited. Control ofothcr sourccs of ignition shall coniply with ('haptcr 3 ancl NPPA 55. Scction 6.20. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2. Containers at distributing plants
3809.2 Exposure hazards. Containcrs in storagc shall be located in a manner which minimizes exposure to esccssive temperature rise, physical damage or tampering. 3809.3 Position. Containers in storagc having individual watcr capacity greater than 2.5 pounds (1 kg) [nominal I-pound (0.454 kg) LP-gas capacity] shall be positioned with the pressure relief valve in direct communication with the vapor space of the container. 3809.4 Separation from means of egress. Containcrs storcd in buildings in accordance with Sections 3809.0 and 3809.1 1 shill1 not bc locatcd near exit access doors, exits, stairways. or in areas normally used, or intended to be used, as a means of egrcss. 3809.5 Quantity. Empty containers that havc bcen in LP-pas service shall be considered as full containcrs for the purpose of determining the maximum quantities of LP-gas allowed in Scctions 3509.9 and 3809.1 1. 3809.6 Storage on roofs. Containers which arc not conncctcd for use shall not be stored on roofs. 3809.7 Storage in basement, pit or similar location. LP-pas containers shall not bc stored in a bascmcnt, pit or similar location where heavier-than-air gas might collect. LP-gas contain-
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
ers shall not bc storcd in abovc-grade underfloor spaces or k~scinentsunlcss such location is provided with all approved means of ventilation.
not excecdi~lg100 pounds (45.4 kg) pcr vchiclc. Conta~ncr valves shall be closcd.
3809.11 Storage within rooms used for gas manufacturing. Storage within builcli~lgsor rooms used for gas manufacturing, gas storage, gas-air mixing and vaporization. and colnprcssors not associated with liquid transfer shall comply with Sections 3809.1 1.1 and 3809.11.2.
Exception: Department of Transpol-tation (DOTn) specification cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 2.5 pounds (I kg) for usc in completely self-contained hand tcsrchcs and similar applications. The quantity of LP-gas shall not cxcecd 20 pounds (9 kg).
3809.11.1 Quantity limits. The maximum quantity of 1,P-gas shall be 10.000 pounds (4540 kg).
3809.8 Protection of valves on containers in storage. Container valves shall be protected by scrcw-on-typc caps or collar\ which shal l be securely in place on all containers stored regardless of whethcr they are full, partially f~illor empty. Container outlet valves ahall bc closcd or plugged.
3809.11.2 Construction. The construction of such buildings and rooms shall comply with requirements for Group H occupancies in the hlterilutior~alR ~ ~ i l d i C ~ lO g ~ Chaptcr C; 10 of NFPA 58, and both of the following:
3809.9 Storage within buildings accessible to the public. Dcpartlnent of Transportation (DOTn) specification cylinders with maximum water capacity of 2.5 pounds ( I kg) uscd in completely sclf-contained hand torches and similar applications are allowed to be stored or displayed in a building acccssible to the public. 'The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 200 pounds (9 1 kg) except as provided in Section 3809.1 1.
1. Adequatc vents shall be provided to thc outside at both top and bottom, locatcd at least 5 fcet (1 524 mm) from building openings. 2. The entire area shall be classificd for the p u ~ ~ > o sofc s ignition source control in accordance with Section 6.20 of NFPA 58.
3809.12 Location of storage outside of buildings. Storagc outside of buildings of containers awaiting use, resale or part of a cylinder exchange prograrn shall bc locatcd in accordance with Tablc 3809.12.
3809.10 Storage within buildings not accessible to the public. The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location in buildings not acccssible to the public. such as industrial buildings, shall not cxceed a water capacity of 735 pounds (334 kg) [nominal 300 pounds (136 kg) of LP-gas]. Where additional storage locations are required on thc same floor within the salnc building, they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 fcet (91 440 mm). Storage beyond these limitations shall comply with Scction 3809.1 1.
3809.13 Protection of containers. Conta~nersshall be storcd within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protectcd against tampering. Vehicular protection shall be providcd as required by the fire code official. 3809.14 Alternative location and protection of storage. Containers locatcd outside of bui~din-~s shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any exit acccss doors, cxits, stairways or in areas normally used, or intended to be uscd, as a nleans of egress.
3809.10.1 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. Containers carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles nced not bc considered in the total storage c a.~ a c i*t vin Section 3809.10. ~rovidedsuch vehicles are stored in privatc garages and do not carly more than three 1,P-gas containcrs with a total aggregate LP-gas capacity
3809.15 Altc!rnative location and protection of storage. Where the provisions of Sections 3809.12 and 3809.13 arc
TABLE 3809.12 SEPARATION FROM EXPOSURES OF CONTAINERS AWAITING USE, RESALE OR EXCHANGE STORED OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS FROM EXPOSURES -
r---
I
I
i
i 0
Over 10.000 1
5
i 25
!
1
I
For S1:
1
~
i
I
20
25
i
I
1
20 25
*
/
20
2 5 ~ _ _ L _ _ _10 _ _! _ 20 _ p .
1 foot = 305.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.154kg.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
impractical at construction sites. or at buildings or structures undergoing major renovation or repairs, the storage of containers shall bc as required by the fire code official.
SECTION 381Q CONTAINERS NOT IN SERVICE 3810.1 Temporarilj out of service. Conta~nerswhose use ha:, becn temporarily discontinued shall con~plywith all of the following: I. Be clisconncctcd from appliance piping. 2. Have containcr outlets, except relief valves. closcd or plugged. 3. Be positionccl wiLh the relief valve in direct communication with container vapor space.
3810.2 I'ermanently o11t of service. Containers to be placed pcrni:uncntly out of service shall be removed from thc sitc.
SECTION 3811 PARKING AND GARAGlNG 381 1.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vchiclcs shall comply with Sections 38 1 1.2 and 38 1 1.3. Exception: In cases of accident. brcaltdown or other emergencies, tank vehiclcs are allowed to be parked and left unattcntlcd at any location while the opcrator is obtaining assistance.
3811.2 Unattended parking. The unattended parking of LP-gas tank vehicle :;hall he in accortlance with Scctions 38 1 1.2.1 and 38 1 1.2.2. 3811.2.1 Near residential, educatior~alland institotional occupancies and other high-risk areas. LP-gas tank vchicles shall not hc left unattended at any timc on residential strects or within 500 feet (152 m) of aresidential area, apartment or lintcl co~iiplex,educational facility, hospital or care facility. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any othcr placc that would, in the opinion of the fire code official, pose an cxtrcme life hazard. 32111.2.2 Durations exceeding 1 hour. LP-gas tank vehicles parked at any one point for longer than 1 hour shall be located as follows: 1. Off public st~ects,highwaysI p~tblicavenues or public alleys. 2. lnsitle of a bulk plant
3. At othcr approved locations not less than 50 fcet (15 240 ~ n n i )from b ~ u l d ~ n gothcr s than those approved for the staragc or sc~vicingof such vehiclcs.
381 1.3 Garaging. Garaging of 1,P-gas tank vehicles shall he a5 specified in NFI'A 55. Vehicles will1 LP-gas fuel systems are allowed to he storecl or scrviced in garages as specified in Scction 1 1 . 15 of NFPA 58. 2006 iNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE"
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 39
ORGANIC PEROXIDES SECTION 3906 GENERAL 3901.1 Scope. ' h c storage and use of organic peroxides shall bc in accordancc with this chapter and Chaptcr 27.
3903.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storagc and usc by occupancy. The indoor storagc and m c of organic peroxides shall be in accordancc w ~ t hScct~ons3903.1.1.1 through 3903.1.1.4.
Unclassitied detonable organic peroxides that are capable of dcton:ition in their normal shipping containers under conditions of tirc cxposure shall be stored in accordance with Chaptar 33.
3903.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occopancies. 111Group A, E, I or U occupancies, any amount of unclassified dctonable and Class I organic peroxides shall be storcd in accordancc with the following:
3901.2 Permits. Pcrm~tsshall be required for organic peroxides CIS set forth in Section 105.6.
1. linclassified detonable and Class I organic pcrosides shall be stored in hazardous matcrials storage cabinets coinplying with Section 2703.8.7.
SECTION 3902 DEFlNlTlONS 3902.1 Definition. Thc following word and term shall, for thc purposcs of this chaptcr arrd as 115cdelsewhere in this codc. havc the meanings \hewn herein. ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that contains thc bivalcnt -0-0-structure and which ]nay be considered to be a structural dcrivativc of hydrogen pcroxide where onc or both of the hydrogen atoms have been rcplaced by an organic radical. Organic peroxidcs can present an explosion hxzard (dctonation or deflagration) or they can be shock sensitive. They can also dcconlposc into various unstablc colnpounds over an cxtcndcd pcriod of timc.
Class 1. Dcscrihes thosc formulations that are capablc of dctlagration but not detonation. Glass 11. Dcscribcs thosc formulations that bur11 very rapidly and that pose a ]nodcrate rcactivity hazard. Class 111. Dexcribcs thosc forniulations that bum rapldly and that post a nlode~atcreactivity hazard. Class 1'4. Dcscribes thosc formulations thal burn in the sanlc manncr as ordinary cornbnstibles and that pose a minimal rcactivity hazard. Class V. Describes thosc formulations that burn with lcss intensity than ordinary combustiblcs or do not sustain combuatioll and that posc no 1,cnctivityhazard. Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capable of dctonation. Thesc peroxides pose an extremely hiph-explosion ha7.a1-dthrough rapid explosive decomposition.
SECTION 3903 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3903.1 Quantities not cxcceding the nnnxinnun~allowable quantity per control area. Thc storage and use of organic peroxides in amounts not cxceeding the masimum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordancc with Scctions 3701,2703.3901 and 3903. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2. Thc hazardous materials storagc cabinets shall not contain othcr storagc. 3903.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Unclassified dctonable and Class I organic peroxides shall not hc storcd or used within Group R occupancics. 3903.1.1.3 Group B, F, M or S occupancies. Unclassitied dctonable and Class I organic pcroxidcs shall not bc storcd or used in oftice% or rctail salcs areas of Group B, F, 1M or S occupancics. 3903.1.1.4 Classroo~ns.111classrooms in Ciroup B, F or M occupancics, any amount of unclassified detonablc ill accorand Class I organic peroxides shall bc S~UI-cd dance with the following. 1. Unclassified dcto~rableand Class 1 organic peroxides shall bc srorcd in hazardous matcrials storagc cabinets complying with Section 2703.8.7.
2. The hazardous materials storagc cabinets shall not contain other storagc. 3903.2 Quantities exceeding the -maximum allowable quailtity per control area. 'l'he storagc and usc of organic peroxidcs 111 amounts cxceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control arca indicated i n Scction 3703.1 shall hc in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
SECTION 3904 STORAGE 3904.1 Indoor storage. Indoor stor age of organic peroxidcs in amounts excceding the masilnuln allowable quantity per control 'trea indicatetl in Table 2703. I . 1 ( 1 ) shall be in accordancc with Sections 2701, 2703, 3704 and this chapter. Indoor storage of unclassifiecl dctonablc organic peroxidcs that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of tire exposure shall be storcd in accordance with Chaptcr 33.
3904.1.1 Detached storage. Storigc of organic pcroxidca shall be in dctached buildings whcn requircd by Scction 2703.8.2.
ORGANIC PEROXIDES
3904.1.2 Ilistance from detached storage bi~ildingsto exposures. In addition to the requirements of the Inteurlritiolzril Rllilrlilq Coclt?,detached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.
3904.1.8 Location in building. The storagc of Class I or 11 organic peroxides shall be on the ground floor. Class III organic peroxides shall not be stored in basen~cnts.
3904.1.3 Liquid-tightfloor. In addition to the requirements of Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas shall he of liquid-tight construction.
3904.1.9 Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored in their original DOTn shipping corrtainers. Organic peroxides shall bc stored in a manner to prevent contamination.
3904.1.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requircrnents of Section 2703.9.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage arcas for Class I or I1 organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements for electrical Class I. Division 2 locations.
3904.1.10 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas buildings containingunclassified dctonahle and organic peroxides shall be providetl with explosion control in accordance with Section 9 I I . 3904.1.11 Standby power. Standby power in accordance with Section 604 shall be provided for storage areas of Class J and unclassified detonable organic peroxide.
3904.1.5 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smolce cictcction system in accordancc with Section 907 shall be provided in rooms or areas where Class 1.11 or 111 organic pcrosidcs are stored. Activation of the smokc detection systcm shall sound a local alarm.
3904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of organic perosides in amounts exceeding Ll?c maximum allowable quantities per control area ~ndicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 270 1,2703. 2704 and this chapter.
Exception: A smolce detection 5ystem shall not be r e q ~ ~ i r ein d detached storage buildings equipped throughout with an appl-oved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.
3904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2
3904.1.6 Maximum quantities. Maximum allowable quantities per building in a mixed occupancy building shall not exceed thc arnounts set forth in Table 2703.8.2. Maximum allowable quantities per building in adetached storage building shall not exceed the amounts specified in Table 3904.1.2.
3904.2.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. 111 addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.4. clcctrical wiring and equipment in ouldoor storage areas containing unclassified detonable, Class I or 11 organic peroxides shall co~nplywith the requircments for electrical Class I, Division 2 locations.
3904.1.7 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangements for organic peroxides shall be in accordance with 'Table 3904 1.7 and shall con~plyw ~ t hall of the follow~ng:
3904.2.3 hZasimunl quantities. Maximum cluantities of organic peroxides in outdoor storagc ?hall be in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.
1. Containers and packages in storage areas shall be clused. 2. Bulk storage shall not be in piles or bins.
3904.2.4 Storage arrangement. Storage ~11.l-angements shall be in accordance will1 Table 3904.1.7.
3. A minimum 2-foot (610 mm) clear space shall be metal maintained between storage and ~~ninsulated walls.
3904.2.5 Separation. In addition to Lhe requirements of Section 2703.9.8, outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides in arnounts exceeding those specilied in Table 2703.8.2 shall be locntcd a minimum distance of 50 feet ( 15 240 ~ I I I I ) frorn other hazardous niatcrial storagc.
4. Fifty-five-gallon (308 L) drums shall not he stored more than one drum high.
TABLE 3904.1.2 ORGANIC PEROXIDES-DISTANCE TO EXPOSURES FROM DETACHED STORAGE BUILDINGS OR OUTDOOR STORAGE AREAS
I
1,
~
~
- ~~-~ ~~
MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY . (POUNDS) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE~ ~-.~ . . -~ - ~ ~ .. .~ r..~
..
. .-----~
----
~
-.-... -
~
2,000
I
.
I
I -
I
.
~
. .. ~-
-
-
~
- -~
Distance between individual detached storage buildings
..
1 200,000 .--~ ._ . !
-
I" V
100-000. . .
.
..
,i
/
Na Limit -
No Linlil
. 1
.
.
200 000 . ..
"lo Limit
. .-L i. -_ - -
..~
No Limit
-~
~~~. ..
. . -,
~
-.
..
.... +-
-
- ~ -
-
175.000
~
i
' 100.000" No Limit ~~--~-i. No Limit I . No. Limit ~~.-; i 700 000' I No Limit No Limit N~~Linli! C , /-----~b Limit No Limit No Limit No Limil t ~. No Limit 1 No Limit I Yo L i ~ n i ~ No Limit 1 .
-
~-
.-
.
. ~-
~-~~
..
~~
-~
~
~
.
.
!
i
..
-
-
.. -
~
~
~-
-
~~~
-
~~
- ~-
i
. +-
.
-
i
.
.
..
. .~
.
~
No Limit
~
20,000 -
~ ~ I V
~~-
.
_ _ _ _ - L ' L
For SJ: 1 foot = 304.8 nlnl, I pound = 0.454 kg. a. Whcn the ;umounI of o ~ g a n i cperoxide htored exi:ecds this amount, Ihe minimum separation shall be 50 feet
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
-
~
ORGANIC PEROXlDES
TABLE 3904.1.7 STORAGE OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES
,
I.
!
..
-
--
ORGANIC PEROXIDE Maximum width CLASS . - . . ..- ! : . .~.F I L .
1
- .
PILE CONFlGURATlON
.
1
Maximum height
!.
.
( r e 3
.
.
.
.
-
-
.
. .
Minimum distance to next pile ..
.
.Xfee!)-.-.
~-
SECTION 3905 USE 3905.1 General. The use o r organic peroxides In amounts excceriinp the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated In Xlblc 2705.1.1 (1) or 2703.1.1 (3) shall be in accorcialice with Sect~ons2701. 7-70?, 2705 and this chapter.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
I
~~
-~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~
Minimum distance to walls
- 1
i
MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER
...
~
N o Recl~~ire~neni For SI. 1 foot = ZO4.X mm. a. A L least one riai in aisle with a ~ninilnumwidth of 8 feet shall dividc the storage area. h. Distance to ooncon~huslibli:walls is allowed ro be reduced to 7- fcer. c . See Table 3YOJ.l.2 for m;~uirnutnquantities. d. 'Thc itislance shall nut be less than one-hall thc pile lreigh~.
-
r--...-
1
N o Requircrnent
!
i N o Requirement
OXIDIZERS SECTION 4001 GENERAL 4001.1 scope. ~h~ storage and use of oxidizers shall be i n accordancc with this chapter and Chapter 27. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancics complying with Section 2703.11.
neous ignition when it comes in contact wlth combustible materials.
OXllDIZING GAS, A gas that can support and accclcratc of other lnaterials.
SECTION 4003 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4003.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximuin allowable 2. Bulk oxygcn systems at industrial and i~lstitl~tional quantity per control area. Thc storage and L I Sof ~ oxidizers in consumer sites shall bc in ilccordance with NFPA 55. amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr Bcontrol area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordancc as set forth in See40,J1.2 Permits shall be with Sections 2701, 2703, 3001 and 4003. Oxidizing gases tion 105.6. shall also comply with Chapter 30.
SECTION 4002 DEFINITIONS 4002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
BUI,K OXYGEN SYSTER'I. An assc~l~bly of equipment, such as oxygen storagc containers, prcssure regulators, safety dcviccs. v;iporizc~s,manifolds and interconnecting piping, that has a storage capacity of 111orethan 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3) of oxygen at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen sysat the point whcrc oxygcn at service prcssure tem tcrmi~~ates first enters the supply line. The oxygen containers can be stationary or ~novablc,and the oxygen can be stored as a gas or liquid. OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizir~ggas. or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of cornbustible mnte~.ials.Exan~plesof other oxidizing gases include bron~inc,chlorine and fluorine. Class 4. An oxiclizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure lo thennal or physical shock. In addition, the oxidizcr will cnhance the burning rate and can cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles. Class 3. An oxidizer that will causc a sevcre increase in the burning ratc of cornbustible materials with which ic comes in contact or that will undergo vigorous self-sustained decoinposition caused by contamination or exposure to heat.
4003.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and usc by occupancy. The indoor s t o i ~ g and c use of oxidizers shall be in accordancc with Sections 4003.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.3. 4003.1.1.1 Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers. The storage and use of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall comply with Sections 4003.1.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.1.4. 4003.1.1.1.1 Group A. E, I or U occupancics. In Group A, E, 1 or U occupancies. any anlount of Cla55 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in accordance with the following:
I . Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in hazardous materials storagc cabinets con>plying with Section 2703.8.7. 2. The hazardous materials storagc cabincts shall not contain other storagc. 4003.1.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Class 4 liiluicl and solid oxidizers shall not bc storccl or uacd within Group R occupancies. 4003.1.1.1.3 Offices, and retail sales areas. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall not bc storcd or used in offices, or retail sales areas of Group B, F. M or S occupancies. 4003.1.1.1.4 Classrooms. In classroollis of Group B, F o r M occupancies, any aluount of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in accordance with the following:
Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in rhcbuming ratc or that causes spontaneous ignition of combustiblc materials uirh which i t comcs in contact.
1. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in hazardous m;lterials storagc cahincts complying with Section 2703.8.7.
Class 1. An oxidizcr whosc prima~yhazard is that it slightly ~ncrcases[he burning rate but which docs not cause sponta-
2. Hazardous matcnals storage cabincts shall not contain other storage.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
4003.1.1.2 Class 3 liquid and solid oxidizers. A maximum of 200 pounds (9 I kg) of solid or 20 gallons (76 1), of liquid Class 3 oxidizcr is allowed in Group I occupancics wlicn such ~naterialsare necessary for maintenance purposes or operation of cquipmcnt. The oxidizers shall be \tored in approved cor~tainersand in an approved nlanncl. 4003.1.1.3 Oxidizing gases. Except for cylinders not exceeding a capacity of 250 cubic feet (7 m3) each used for maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of cquipmcnt, oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group A, R. E, I or R occupancies. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintcnance purposes and operation of equipment shall not cxcced thc maximum allowable quantity per control arca listcd in Table 2703.1.1(1). Medical gas systems and medical gas supply cylinders shall also be in accordance with Section 3006.
I
4003.1.2 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying oxidizing gascs shall be provided with approvcd manual or automatic enicrgency shutoff valves that can bc activated at each point of use and at each source.
4004.1.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Thc autoinatic sprinkles systcm shall be designed in accordancc with NFPA 430. 4004.1.5 1,iquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 2704.1 2, floors of storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be of liquid-tight construction. TABLE 4004.1.2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS-DISTANCE FROM DETACHED BUILDINGS AND OUTDOOR STORAGE AREAS TO EXPOSURES -. . . . i MINI -
--T-~-.
OXIDIZER -~ CLASS
j
i1
WEIGHT (pounds)
~
I---. Now a ---
.
.--
1
.
~
I
/
Note a - .-
I
1I
I
200
4003.1.2.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic cmergency shutoff valve shall bc installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point whcre the cquipmcnt using the gas is connected to the supply sy5tcn1.
3,001 to 5.000 j - -.
300
4003.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of oxidizers in amounts cxcecding the maximurn allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter. SECTION 4004 STORAGE 4004.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of oxidizers in amounts cxcceding the nlaximunl allowable quantity pcr co~itrolarea indicated in Table2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Section\ 2701. 2703. 2704 and this chapter. 4004.1.1 Dctachcd storage. Storage of liquid and solidoxidizers shall be in detached buildings when required by Section 2703.8.3. 4004.1.2 Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to thc recluirenients of the Inrernntiot~ulB~lil~litlg C ( ~ d edetached , storagc buildings shall he located in accordancc with Tiblc 4003.1.2.
-
-
-
1
-
1,001 to 3.000
I
-
1
100 ---
-
-
--
t
--
-
5,001 --to 10,000 -
Over 10.000
t
1 I 1
d
I
-
1
125
-
I
-
-
75
1
50 1 to 1,000- -
~
-
1
101to500
I - ~ -
50 -
1 Over 10 to -100 --
I
i
..
35
1
L
j
;
Not Required .~
Note a
I
L PUBLIC ALLEYS, PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS (feet)
~
I k--
--
lI . . . . . . . . i
.-
1
I
2
~
4003.1.2.1 Sh~ltoffat source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valvc shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required cmergency shutoff valve when the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylindcr sources.
4003.1.3 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing oxidizing gases shall bc controlled in accordance with Scction 2703.7.
370
4004.1.3 Explosion control. Indoor storag'C roon1s, arcas and buildings containing Class 4 liquid or solid oxidizers shall bc provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 91 1.
--
--
4 I
I -
- -
400 As required by the
fire ~ o d 01Tl~idl c
-
1 I I
1
For SI: I Foot = 301.8 mm, 1 pooud = 0.154 k_s a. Any quantity over the amount reqi~iredfor detached storage i n accordancc with Section 2703.8.2; or over the outdoas rnaximu11i:illownhlc cluil~~~ity IOI. outdoor c o ~ ~ t r areas. ol
4004.1.6 Smoke detection. An approvcd s~~pcrviscd smoke dctection systcm in accordancc with Section 907 shall be installed in liquid and solid oxidizer storagc arcas. Activation of the srnokc detection systcm shall sound alocal alas111. Exception: Dctachcd storagc buildings protected by an approved automatic firc-extinguishing sys tern. 4004.1.7 Storage conditions. Thc maximum quantity of oxidizers per building in detached storage buildings shall not cxceed t h o ~ cquantities set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4). The storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be as set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4). Class 3 oxidizers shall not be storcd in bascmcnts exccpt when such storage is in stationary tanks. Class 3 and 4 oxidizers in amounts cxcccding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca set forth in Scction 2703.1 shall he stored on the ground floor only. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
OXIDIZERS
TABLE 4004.1.7(1) STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERSa -
1 I
-
STOR*GECONF'GURAT!ON.
~~
-~
~
~
~-~~
-
I I
1
.
.
.
1
' 1
~
..
1
1
20 3
1
1 Maximurn _ quantity per building L
No Limit 50
2
-
.--.~ .
--
-
LIMITS (feet)
10 4 8
-
-
-
,
S -
No L ~ n i ~ t
1 foot = 304 8 mm
4004.1.8 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materials. ln addition to the requirements in Section 2703.9.8. Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall b c separated from othcr hazardous ~naterialsby not less than a I-hour fire barrier or stored in hazardous matel.iills slurage cabincts.
For SI: I foot = 304.8 mm. a. Storage in nc~t~cornbustible containers or in bulk in delached storare h~lildi11gs is not limitt.d as I11 quaotity or arrangenlent. TABLE 4004.1.7(2) STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDSa,b ~. ~ . ~ r ~ . -- ~
!
1
For S1
No Linit -
-
1
.A
-
No Limit
.--.-
-- . .
-
-
STORAGE CONFIGLJRA~JOE
1-- -- 1 1 P~lt.\ i I hl~~xtrnurn length 1 i Mdx~rrliin~ w~dth I 1 Maxlmun~he~ght h l ~ n ~ ~ nd~stance u m -- lo next - p ~ l e- _ I II quanuty pel> U I ,~II,~ _- _ --
I!
~
I
!
-
~
~
I
-
i
1 M,.~xlniurn ,. quantitv,.-~.per. pile . ~
< - - -
-
--
LIMITS (feet) -..--
_
Piles Maximuni length i Maximurn width 1 Maxinlum height j Minimum dista~~ce to ncxt pile I Minimum distance to walls _-. ~
-
!
.
~
,---
TABLE 4004.1.7(4) STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXlDlZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS --
-
I L ~ .
~
L'MlTS [-cutoff
- .
1 Segregated ' storage
,..
.
'
I - ...~ -~ i
Detached diflg- 1
-~
-
1
~~
SO
-~~
~
hy l,-hour tire b a ~ ~ i e r s . ( I . Aivlz wicltt~shall n o t be less than thc pilo
1
1-
~
~
4004.1.9 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be storcd on o r against combustible surfaccs. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall bc stored in a manner to prcvcnt contamination.
/
/
Maximt1111width If5 feet 25 feet j 25 feel ' Maximum height I IORet 1 1 2 f e e t j I2Sect ;I Minirnum disk~nc?to nexl pilei Note d Note d ! Notc d i Ivlini~umdisti!~ice Lo ~walls --1_~-.2L$e! j 2 x ~ ~ t L f c c i i i Mini~narnquitniily. pcr pile ~ -~lllr!>ps ~ ~ ~ ~!?~is-L . 200 . ion\ ~ I~ 4 1 Masin~umqt~anlityper building j .200.-tons -.-I i500 tons11. No .Limit~ ~1 I'ol S1: I Soot = 303.8 Inm, I ton = 0.907 1 S5 nlelslc toll. a. Storage In n~~ncrrmbu~tible ~ontainersis not limited as io quiintity nr arrsngen~ent,exicpl that piles sh;11l be at least 7 feet fro111w;~llsin spl-i~~hlc~edhuildings a11d4feet fro111 walls in noosptinklel-cdbuildings; the distance hetbvcen piles
Detached storage buildings for Class 4 oxidizcr liquids and solids shall b e located a rninirnurn of 5 0 fect (1 5 240 nlm) from other hazardous materials storngc.
1
I
p-
1
4004.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storagc of oxidizcrs in amounts cxcceding the maxilnum allowablc qlrantitics per control area set forth in Tablc 7,703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701. 2703, 2704 and this chaplcr. Oxidizillg gascs shall also c o ~ n p l ywith Chapter 30.
height.
TABLE 40Q4.1.7(3) STORAGE OF~.CLASS 3 ~-. OXIDIZER LlQUiDS AND ~. . .---.. ~
.
---
~~
~-
--
~~-
1 1,
~
,
.
I j
-
1
LIMITS -. ~.-; ! cutoff i segregated storage Detached ~
storage .
.
j )Piles i Maximum n~idtli / Maxir~~urn llcight 1 Mi~~imuni distance lo ncxt pile I 1 Mi!~ini"~iiqistu"cc!o, \ y l l > ! (~Maxiniuniqi~at~tity per pile 1 i 20 - tolls1
4004.2.1 Distance froni storage to exposures for liquid and solid oxidizers. Outdoor xtoragc areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be located in accordance with Tablc 4004.1.2. 4004.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures for oxidkeer gases. Outdoor storage arcas for oxidizcr gascs sllall be located in accordance with Tablc 4004.1.2.
~
i 1
/ roomsC 1 building /
.
~
.30
1
-..
!
~-
lons
~
150 L ~ tolls - ~ ) ~
4004.2.3 Storage configuration for liquid a~adsolid oxidizers. Storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizcrs ~ h n l lbe in accordance with Tablcs 3004.1.7( 1) ~ I I I U L I ~ ~ I 4004.1.7(4). 4004.2.4 Storage configuration for oxidizer gases. Storage configuration for oxidizer gases sllall bc in accordance with Table 4004.2.2.
--
[h4;1xjrnu~ qua~itit>:pFl. buildin: 100 tons 5 0 i ) t o n s i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j For SI: 1 Ibol = 304.8nlm, 1 ton = 0.907185 metric toil. SECTION 4005 ;I. Slor;~er.i l l nonconibustible contnincrs is nor limited as lu cluar~tiry or ;irrnrlgement. except thilt piles shall he at least ? feet fro111\r,alI? in USE ~[~rinltlercd huildil~gsand 3 tieel irnm walls in nonsprinklered buildings; thc distance hct\bl:en piles shall not h e less than the pile height. 4005.1 Scope. T h e use of osidizcrs in amounts cxccetling thc b. Q u r ~ n t i r yliniits shall he rerluced by 50 1)cr;ent in buildings or po1.11onsof maximum allowable quantity per contrcil arca indicated in boildings used for retail nlcs. Tablc 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with c. CuiolFsro~.ag< roolns sh:~llhe sepxated From the remaindclof the buildil~g Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter. Oxidizing gases hy 7-hou~.Are hal-riers. d. Aisle ~ f i d t sh;~ll h not be less than !he pile htight. shall also comply with Chapter 30. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
r
--
-
TABLE 4004.2.2 OXIDIZER GASES - DISTANCES FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURESa p p p p p
I ,
QUANTITY OF GAS STORED (cubicfeet at NTP) .
~
-
~~
.
0..- 50.000 ..
---------
-
~
j 1
DISTANCE TO A BUILDING NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OR DISTRIBUTION OF OXIDIZER GASES OR PUBLIC WAY OR LOT LINE THAT CAN BE BUILT UPON (feet)
-
. - -
1 I
DISTANCE BETWEEN STORAGE AREAS
I
(feet)
i
, i
~. . - . - .
-~
.~
-
-~
.
For SI: 1 Soot = 304.8 mm. 1 cubic foot = 0.02832111'. T11cminimum rcquil-etltlistances shall not apply w h e ~ fire ~ barriers without openinps or pe~~etratiolls having a mir~imumfire-resisti~r~ze rating of 2 hmirs inter,-upt the line oi'sightbetwc.en the scornge;~ndthcexposure. Theco~~figul~ntionolthel~ire bariiershnll b e d e s i g ~ ~ etoallow d nalul.al ventilation topl,eventthc accumiulaiion of ha~cu-tluusgas concentraiio~lh.
1 ;I.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 46
SECT1ON 4101 GENERAL
4101.1 Scope. Thc storagc and use of pyrophoric materials shall be in accordance with this chaptcr. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. 4104.2 Permits. Pcrmits shall be rcquired as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 4182 DEFINITIONS
4102.1 Definition. The following word and tcrni shall, for the purposes of t h ~ schaptcr and as used else-herc in lhrs codc. havc the nlcani~lgshown herein.
PYltOPMOKIC. A chemical with an autoignition temperaturc in air. at or below a tcmpcrature of 130°F (54°C).
SECTION 4103 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4103.1 Quantitics [lot exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyropholic matcrials in amounts not exceedi~lgthe maximum allowable quantity pcrcontrol arca indicatedin Section 2703.1 shall be in accurdancc with Sections 2701,2703,4101 and 4103.
I
4103.1.1 Emergency shutoff. Comprcsscd gas systems conveying pyrophoric gascs shall be provided with approved manual 01. automatic cmergcncy shutoff valves that can be activated at each point ~f iuse and at cach source.
SECTION 4184 STORAGE 4104.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storagc of pyrophoric miitcrials in amounts cxceeding thc nlaxinium allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703. I . I ( 1), shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2704 and this chaptcr. The storage of silane gas and gas mixturcs with a silane conccntration of 2 percent or more by volumc, shall bc in accordance with Section 410h.
4104.1.1 Pdqnid-tightfloor. In addition to the rcquirenicnts of Section 2704.12. floors of storagc arcas containing pyrophoric licluids shall bc of liquid-tight cons~ruction. 4104.1.2 Pyrophoric solids and liquids. Storage of pyrophoric solids and liquids shall be linlitcd to a rnasimt~nl area 01' 100 squwe feet (9.3 m') per pile. Storage shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm) in hcight. Individual containers shall not be stackcd. Aisles bctwecn storage pilcs shall bc a ~nini~nunl of 10 fcet (3048 mm) in width. Individual tanks or containers shall not cxccerl 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity.
4104.1.3 Pyrophoric gases. Storage of pyroplior-ic g:iscs shall be in detached buildings where rcquircd by Section 2703.8.2. 4104.1.4 Separation from incoi~npatiblematerials. In addition to the requirements of Section 7703.9.8. indoor storage of pyroplloric matcrials shall be isolated tion1 incompatible hazardous materials by l-hour tire banicrs with openings protected in accordancc with the Irztrr.r~rrtiorla1 B~~ildilzg Code. Exception: Storage i l l allproved hazardous materials storage cabincts constructed in accordancc with Section 2701.8.7.
4103.1.1.1 Shutoff at source. An autonlatic emergency shutoff valvc shall be installed on supply piping at the cylindcr or bulk sourcc. The shutoff valve shall be operated by a remotely locatcd manually activated shuldo\vn control located not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) from the source of supply. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowcd to bc uscd as the rcquired ernergency shuloff valve the source of supply i s limited to t~nmanifoldedcylindcr sources.
4104.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of pyrophoric niaterials in amounts exceeding the inaximum allowable quantity pcr control arca indicated in Tahlc 2703.1.1(3) shall he in aceordance with Sections 271'31, 2703, 2704 and this chapter.
4103.1.1.2 Slintoff at point of use. A manual or automatic eniergcncy shutoff valve shall be installed on the supply piping at thc point of usc or at a point wherc the cquip~nentu s ~ n gthc gas is connected to the supply systern.
41 04.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Thc scparation of pyrophoric solids, liquids and gases from buildings, lot lines, public srrects, public alleys, public ways o r mcans of egress shall be in accorclance with the following:
41 03.2 Quantitics cxceeding the meximuin allo\vable quantity per control area. The storage and use of pyrophoric materials i n amounts cxcceding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in ;Iceordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Thc storage of silane gas, and gas rnixtures w~tlia s~lanc concentration of 2 percent or mure by volumc, shall be in accordance with Section 4106.
1 . Solidb and liquids. Two times thc separation I-ecjuired
by Chapter 34 for Class 1B tla~llrnablclicluids. 2. Gases. The location and ~ n a x i m u m amount of pyrophoric gas per storagc arca shall he in ;iccordance with Tablc 4104.2.1.
PYROPHORIC MATERIALS
TABLE 4104.2.1 PYROPHORIC GASES-DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TO EXPOSURESa
-
(feet)
(feet)
25 feet
-
feet
10 20
100
20
20
10
0
For SI: 1 foot = 104.8 nini, I crlhic ft)ot = 0.02832m". a. The rnininil~~~r rccluired distances shall bc reduicd to 5 feet when prolcctive structures having a minimum fire resislilr~ceof 2 hours interrup~the line of sight betwccuche conlaincr and the exposure. The prolrctive structure shall he at least 5 feecfrorn the exposure. The contiguratio~iof ll~cprotectivestructure sl~nllallow 11:~1ural ventilatior~to prevent tllc accuinulntion OF hazardous g s collccntrations.
4104.2.2 Weather protection. When overhead construction is provided for sheltering outdoor storage area5 of pyrophoric materials, the storage areas shall be provided with approvcd automatic fire-extinguishing system protcction. SECTION 4105 USE 4105.1 Gcncral. The use of pyrophoric materials in amounts cxcccd~ngthe maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tr1blc2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703, 2705 and this chapter.
4105.2 Weather protection. When overhead construction is provided for sheltering of outdoor use areas of pyrophoric nlatcrials. the use areas shall be provided with approved automatic tire-cxt~nguishingsystcn~protection. 4105.3 Silar~egas. The use of silanc gas, and gas mixtures with a silanc concentration of 2 percent or n ~ o r cby volume, shall be in accordancc with Section 4106. SECTION 4106 SlLANE GAS 4106.1 General requirements. The storage and use of silane gas and gas mixtures with asilane concentration of 2 percent or tnore by v o l ~ i n ~in c , amounts exceeding the maximum allowable cli~antityper control area indicatcdin Table 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1 (3), shall bc In accordance with this section.
4106.1.1 Buildir~gconstruction. Indoor storage and use of silane gas shall hc within a room or building conforming to the Into~i~c~tiownl B~tildirlgCode. 4106.1.2 Flow, control. Compressed gas containers. cylinders and tanks containing silanc gas, and gas mixturcs with a silanc concentration of 2 percent or more by volume, shall be c q ~ ~ i p p cwith d reduced flow valves equipped with restrictive-flow orifices not exceeding 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) in diamctcr. The presence of the restrictive flow orifice shall be indicated on the valve and on the containen cylinder or tank by means of a l:?hel placed at a prominent location by the manu hctnrcr.
Exceptions: 1. Manufacturing and filling facilities wherc silane is produced or mixed and sturcd prior to sale. 2. Outdoor installations consisting of pel-111ancnt1y mounted cylinders connected to a manifold, pro~ i d e that d the outlet conncction from the manifold is equipped with a restrictive flow orifice not exceeding 0.125 inch (3.175 mm) in diameter and the setback distance to exposures is not less than 40 fcet ( 12 192 ~ n m )Footnote . a of Table 41 04.2.1 shall not apply.
4106.1.3 Valves. Container, cylinder and tank valvcs shall be constructed of stainless steel or other approvccl mater~als. Valves shall be equipped w ~ t houtlet fittlngs in accordancc with CGA V-1. 4106.2 Indoor storage. Indoor stol-age of silrtne gas, and gas mixtures with a silanc conccnt~xtionof 2 percent or more by xiolume, shall be in accordance with Section 4104. I and Scctions 4 106.2.1 through 41 06.2.3. 4106.2.1 Fire protectioa. Whcn automatic firc-extinguishing systems are required, automatic sprinkler systenls shall be used. 4106.2.2 Exhausted enclosr~resor gas cabinets. When provided, exhausted enclosures and gas cabinets shall he constructed as follows: 1. Exhaustcd enclosures and gas cabrncts shall bc in accordance with Sections 2703.8.5 and 3703.8.6. 2. Exhausted enclosurcs and gas cabinets shall be internally sprinklered. 3. The velocity of ventilation across unwcldcd fittings and connections on the piping systcn~shall not bc less than 200 fcet per minute (1.02 1111s). 4. The werage velocity at the face of the ;tcccss ports or windows in the gas cabinet shall 11ot bc less t11a11200 feet per minutc ( I .02 rills) with a minimum velocity of 150 fcet per minute (0.76 mls) at any point of the access port or window. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
PYROPHORIC MATERIALS
4106.2.3 Emergency power. The ventilation systcm shall be provided with an automatic emergency power source in accordance with Scction 604 and designed to operate at full capacity. 4106.3 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of silane gas, and gas mixtures with a silane concentration of 2 pcr-cellt or more by volume, shall bc in accordancc with Section 4104.2 and Sections 4106.3.1 through 4106.3.4. 4106.3.1 Volume. The rnaxirnurnm)lume for each nest shall not exceed 10,000 c u b ~ cfeet (283.2 in') of gas. 4106.3.2 Aisles. Storage nests shall he separated by aislcs a minimum of 6 feet (1829 nim) in width. 4106.3.3 Separation. Storage shall be located a minimum of 25 feet (7620 1nn1)from lot lines, public strrcts, public alleys. public ways, means of cgress or buildings. 4106.3.4 Weatller protcction. 'The clear hcight of overhead construction providcd for sheltering of outdoor storage sh:lll not bc less than 12 feet (3655 mm). 4106.4 Indoor use and dispensing. The indoor use and dispensing ofsilane gas and gas mixtures with a silane concentl;ttion of 2 percent or ~norcby volume, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowablc quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Sections 4105 and this section.
I
4106.4.1 Exhausted enclosures or gas cabinets. When provided, exh;~ustcclcnclorure5 and ga\ cabinets shall bc inslallcd in accordance with Scction 4 106.2.7. 4106.1.2 Remotc snanual shutdown. A remotely located, 111;111uolly activated shutdown a ) ~ ~ t rshdl o l he provided outside each gas cabinet. 4106.4.3 ISmergency power. The ventilation systeni shall be provitled with an approvcd autoniatic emergency power source in accord:mcc with Scction 604 and desigrietl to operate at full capacity. 4106.4.4 Purge panels. Automntcd purge panels shall be provideti. 3106.4.4.1 Purge gases. Pur-gins of piping and controls locatctl in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall only bc pcrt.ornicd using a dedicated inerl gas supply that is tlcsigncd to prevent silanc from entering the incrt gas supply. Tlic use of nondcdicated systems or portions of piping systems is allowcd on portions of the venting system that arc cor~tinuously vented to atrnosphcre. D c ~ ~ i c e s that could interrupt the continuous flow of purge gas to the ;ltrnospherc shall be prohibited. Exception: Manufacturing and filling facilities whcrc silanc is produced or mixed. 4306.3.4.2 Venting. Gas vent hcnders or individual purge panel vcnt lines shall have a continuous flow of incrt gas. Thc incrt gas shall be introduced upstrcani of thc first vcnt i)r exhaust connection to the header. 4106.4.4.3 Purging operations. Purging operations shall be pcrfornled by means ensuring complete purging of the piping and control systcm beforc the system is opened to the atmosphere. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
4106.5 Outdoor use and dispensing. The outdoor ~ ~and s cdispenslngof silanc gas, andgas mixtu~cswith a silant'conccntration of 2 percent or more by volume, exceeding thc maximum allowablc quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1 (3) shall bc in accordance with Sections 4 105,4106.4 and 4106.5.1. 4106.5.1 Outdoor use weather protection. When overhead construction is provided for sheltering outdoor use areas containing silane gas, or gas ~nivturcswith a silanc concentration of 2 percent or more by volume, the use arcas shall be provided with approved automatic fire-cxtinguishi i ~ gsyslenl protection.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 42
PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS SECTlON 4201 GENERAL
pounds (227 kg). Each compartlnent shall not contain more than 250 pounds ( 1 14 kg).
4201.1 Scope. This chaptzr shall apply to the storage and hansubstances, materials or compounds with celludling oSpl>~stic lose nitratc as 21 base, by whatever name known, in the form of blocksl sheets, tubes 01. fabricated shapes.
4204.1.3 Storage of' additional material. Raw material in excess of that allowed by Section 4204. I .2 shall be kept in vented vaults not cxceeding 1,500-cubic-loot capacity (43 m3) of total vault space, and with approved construction: venting and sprinkler protection.
Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall comply with the requirements of Section 306.
4201.2 Permits. Permits shall be rcquircd as set forth in Section 105.6.
SECTION 4202 DEFINITIONS 4202.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms uhcd in this chaptcr and dclincd in Chapter 2 shall havc the mcanings ascribeti to them as dcfinctl thcrein. SECTlON 4203 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4203.1 Ilisplays. Cellulose nitratc (pyroxylin) plastic articles arc allowcd to bc placed on tables not more than 3 feet (9 14 mm) cviclc and I0 feet (3048 mm) long. Tables shall be spaced at least 3 feet ( 9 14 mm), mart. . Whcre articlcs are disolaved on counters, they shall be arranged i n a likc manner.
4204.1.4 Heat sources. Cellulose nitratc (pyroxylin) plastic shall not be stored within 2 feet (610 mm) of heat-producing appliances, steam pipes; radiators or chimneys. 4204.1.5 Accumulation of'material. In factories manufacturing articlcs of cellulose nitratc (pyroxylin) plastics, approved sprinklered and vcnted cabinets, vaults or storage rooms shall bc provided to prevcnt the accumulation in worliroon~sof raw stock in process or finished articles. 4204.1.6 Operators. In workrooms of ccllulose nitrate (pyroxylin j plastic factories, operators shall not he stationed closer toge1.her than 3 feet (914 mm), and the amount of material per operator shall not exceed one-shifl.'s supply and shall be limited to the capacity of thrce tote boxes. inclutling ma1:crixl awaiting removal or use. 4204.1.7 Waste material. Waste ccll~~loscnitlute (pyroxylin) plastic materials such as shavings. chips, turnings, sawdust, edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water inmetal receptacles until removed from the prcmiscs.
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4203.2 Space under tables. Spaces underneath tables shall be kcpt frec fi-om storage of any kind and accumulation of paper, ref~iscand other combustible material.
4204.2 Fire protection. The manufacture or storage of articles of ccllulose nitratc (pyroxylin) plastic in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg) shall be locatcd in a building or portion thel-eof equipped throughout with an approved automafic svrinkler svste~ilin accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1.
4203.3 Location. Sales or display tablcs shall be so located that in thc event of a firc at the table. the table will not interfere with frec ineans of egress from the room in at least one direction.
4204.3 Sources of ignition. Sources of not located rooms i n which ccllulosc I,itratc in exccss of 25 uounds (1 1 kgi -. is hancllctl or sto~.ed.
4203.4 Lighting. Lighting shall not he located directly abovc cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic material, unless provided with a suitable guard to prevent heated particles from fallling,
4204.4 fleatinge R~~~~ in cellulose is or stored sllal, heated by stearn or hot radiators,
SECTION 4204 STORAGE AND HANDLING 4204.1 Raw material. Raw cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic matcrial In a Group F building shall be stored and handlcd in accordance with Sections 4204.1.1 through 4204.1.7. 4204.1.1 Storage of incoming material. Where raw material i l l cxccss of 25 pounds (1 1 kg) is received in a building or fire area, an approved vcnted cabinet or approved vented vault equipped with an approvcd automatic sprinkler systcln shall be providcd for the storage of matcrial. 4204.1.2 Capacity Bi~uitations.Cubinetc in any one workroom shall not contain more than 1.000 pounds (454 kg) of raw material. Each cabinet shall not contain more than 500 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
(pyroxylin)
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
CHAPTER 43
UNSTABLE (REACTWE) MATERIALS SECTION 4304 GENERAL 4301.1 Scope. The storage and use of unstable (reactivc) materials shall be in accordance with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storagc in Group
S occupancies co~nplyingwith Scction 2703.1 1. 7. Dctonable unstablc (rcactivc) ntateri;ils shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 33.
4301.2 I'ermils. Permits shall be ~.cquiredas hct forth in Sect ~ o n105.6.
SECTION 4302 DEFlNlllONS 4302.1 Definition. Thc fhllowing word and tern1 shall, for t1.1~ purposes of this cltaptcr and as used elsewherc in this code. have the ~ r ~ c a n i shown r ~ g herein. UNSTAKI,E (REACTIVE) RIA1'ERIL\L. A material, othcr than an cxplosivc, which i n the pure state or as comn~ercially produced, will ~~igorously polymcrizc, dccomposc, corlder~se or hcco~nesell-reactive nntL undergo othcr violent chemical changcs, including explosion, when exposcd to heat, friction or shock. or in the absence of an inhibitor, or in :he presence of con~aminants,or in contact with incompatible materials. Unstable (reactive) materials arc sitbdivided as follows: Class 4. Materials that in themsel~esare readily capable of clctonation or cxplosivc deconlposition or explosive reaction at nor~ttal ternpcratures and prcssures. This class includes materials that are scnsitivc to nicchanical or localized tltcrntal shock at normal te~npcraturesand prcssures. Class 3. Materials that in thenlselves are capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or-explosive reaction but which require a strong initiating source or which must be hcntcd undcr confinement bcforc initiation. This class includes materials that are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shoclz at elcvated temperatures and pressures. Class 2. Materials that in thcmsclves arc norntally unstable and readily i~ndcrgoviolent chemical change but do not dctonntc. This class includes ~ ~ ~ a t c r that i a l scan undcrgo chcmical change with rapid release of energy at normal temperatures and pressures, and that can undcrgo violcnt chcatical change at elevated temperatures and pressures. Class 1. blaterials that i n themselves arc normally stable but which can hecolne unstablc at elcvated tempcraturcs and pressure.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION 4303 G E N E R A L REQUIREMENTS 4303.1 Quantities not exceeding the nlaxi~numallowable quantity per control area. Quan:ities of unstable (reactive) materials not excceding the maximum allowable cluarltity ycr control area shall be in accordallcc with Scctions 4303.1.1 tlwough 4303. I .2.5. 4303.1.1 General. Thc storage and nsc of i~nstable(reactive) matcl.ials in a~uountsno: cxcceding thc ntusimum allowable quantity per control arca indicated i r ~Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordancc with Scctions 2701, 2703 330 1 and 4303. 4303.1.2 Limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy, The indoor storagc of unstablc (reactive) lnaterialc shall bc in accordance with Sections 4303. I .2. I through 4303.1.2.5. 4303.1.2.1 Group ,4, E, 1 or U occupancies. In Group A. E, I or U occupancies, any amount of Claa5 3 and 4 unstablc (reactlvc) ~natcrialsshall bc 5torcd in accordance w ~ t hthe follow~ng: 1 . Class 3 and 4 unstablc (reactive) materials shall be stored in hazardous matcrial storagc cahincts complying with Scction 2703.8.7. 2. 'rhc llazardous material storage s:~binctsshall not contain othcr stor:lgc. 4303.1.2.2 G r ~ u pR occupancies. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactivc) materials shall not he stored or uscd ~vithin Group R occupancies. 4303.1.2.3 Group NI occupancies. Class 4 unstable (reactivc) materials shall not he stored or used in rctail sales portiorls of Group M occupal~cics. 4303.1.2.4 Offices. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored or used in ofticcs o f (iroup B, F, M or S occupancies. 4303.1.2.5 Cllassrourns. In classroonts in Group B. F 01bl occupancies, any amount of Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall bc stored in accorclancc with the following:
1. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactivc) materials shall be stored in hazardous matcrial storage c a h'incrs cornplying with Section 2703.8.7. 2. The hazardous mate~ialsioragc cabinets s1.1all not contain othcr storage. 4303.2 Q~~antities exceeding the maximum allowable quaailtity per control area. 'rhc storagc antl usc of unsrahlc (,rcactive) materials in amounts cxcecding the ~ n a x i m ~allowable ~m quantity per colltrol area indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accortlance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.
UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIALS
SECTION 4304 STORAGE 4304.1 Indoor storage. Indoor slorage of unstable (reactive) malerials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per contiol area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordancc with Sections 2701, 2703,2704 and this chapter.
exposure. The fire barrier shall either be an indcpcndenl structure or the cxterior wall of thc building adjaccnt to thc storage area.
4304.2.4 Storage configuration. Pilcs of unstablc (r-eaciive) material5 shall not exceed 1,000 cubic fect (28 m').
4304.2.5 Aisle widths. Aisle widths between pile4 shall not In addi~ion.Class 3 and 4 unsrable (rcactivc) detonable bc less than one-half thc height of the pilc or 10 fect (3018 materials shall bc stored in accordance with the I I Z ~ C , ~ I ~ L I ~mm). ~ O Iwhichever L ~ ~ ~ is greater. Bi~ildjilgCode requirements for explosives. 4304.1.1 Iletached storage. Storage of unstable (reactive) materials shall be in detached buildings when required in Sect ion 2703.8.2. 4304.1.2 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, arcas and buildings containing Class 3 or 4 unstable (reactive) materials shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 91 1.
SECTION 4305 USE 4305.1 General. The use of unstablc (rcacti\lc) matcrials in amounts exceeding the rnaximurn allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tablc 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall he in accordancc with Sections 2701,2703.2705 and this chapter.
4304.1.3 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 2704.12, floors of storagc areas for liquids and solids shall be of liquid-light const~uction. 4304.1.4 Storage configuration. Unstable (reactive) materials stored in quantities grcater than 500 cubic fcet (14 m") shall he separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 mi). Aisle width shall not be less than the height of the piles or 4 feet (1219 ~ n m )whichever , is greater. Exception: Materials stored in tanks. 4304.1.5 Location in building, Unstable (reactive) materials shall not be stored in basements. 4304.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storagc of unstable (reactive) materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per c o ~ ~ t rarea o l indicated in Tablc 2703.1.1 (3) shall be in accordancc with Sections 2701.2703.2704 and this chaptcr.
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4304.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures Chss 4 and 3 (detonable) materials. Outdoor 5toragc of Class 4 or 3 (detonable) unstable (reactive) material shall be in accordance with Table 3304.5.2(2). The number of pounds of material listed in the table shall be the net weight of the nlalcrial present. Alternatively, the number of pounds of niatcrial shall bc based on a trinitrotoluene (TNT) cquivalent wcight. 4304.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures Class 3 (deflagratablc) materials. Outdoor storagc of deflagratable Class 3 unstable (reactive) materials shall be in accorciancc will1 Table 3304.5.2(3). The number of pounds of material listed shall be the net weight of the material present. 4304.2.3 Distance from storage to exposures Class 2 and 1 materials. Outdoor storagc of Class 2 or 1 unstable (reactive) materials shall not be located within 20 feet (4096 mnn~) of buildings not associatcd with the manufacture or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public alleys, public ways or means of egress. The minimum required distance shall not apply when fire barriers without openings or penetrations having a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between the storagc and the 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
CHAPTER 44
WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS SECTION 4401 GENERAL 4401.1 Scope. The storagc and uscof water-reactive solids and liquids shall he in accordance with this chapter. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies cornplying with Section 2703.1 1.
2. Dctonablc water-reactive solids and liquids shall be storcd in accordance with Chapter 33. 4401.2 Permits. Pcrmits shall be I-cquired ;IS sct forth i n Section 105.6.
4402.1 Definition. The following word and term shall; for the pul-poses of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein. WATISII-REACTIVE: MA'TERIAI,. A material that explodes; violently reacts; produces flarnmablc, toxic or other hazardous gases; or evolves enough heat to cause autoignition or ignition of combustibles u1,on cxposure to watcr or moisture. Watcr-reactive materials are subdivided as follows:
Class 3. Materials that react exl~losivclywith water witho~tt requiring hc:lt or confincmcnt. Class 2. Materials that react violently with water or havc the ability to boil water. Matcrials that produce flammable, toxic or o ~ h c rhazardous gar;cs, or evolve enough heat to c ~ ~ u autoignition sc or ignition of cornbustihles upon exposure to cvatcr or moisture.
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Class I . Materials that react with water w ~ t hsomerelease of erlcrgy. but not violently.
SECTION 4404 STORAGE 3404.1 Indoor storage. Indoor sro~ngcof water-rcactivc solids and liquids in amounts exceeding the maximum allowablc quantity per control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1( I ) , shall bein accordancc with Sections 2701.2703.2704 and this chaptcr. 4404.1 .I Detached storage. Storage of water-rcactivc solids and. liquids shall be in detachcd buildings when rcquired by Scction 2703.8.2. 4404.1.2 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions of Scction 2704 12. floors in storagc arcas for water-reactive solids and liquids shall be of liquid-tight constl-uction. 4404.1.3 Waterproof room. Roonls or areas used for the storagc of water-reactive solids and liquids shall be constructed in a manner which resists the pcnctration of watcr through the use of waterproof materials. Piping carrying water for other than approved automatic sprinkler systcnis shall ]lot be within such rooms or arcas. 4404.1.4 Water-tight containers. When Class 3 water-reactivc solids and liquids arc stored in areas equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, thc materials shall be stored in closcd water-tight containers. 4404.1.5 Storage configuration. Water-reactive soliils and liquids stored in quantities greater than 500 cubic feet ( I 4 nx3) shall be separated into piles, each not larger than 500 cubic feet (14 m3). Aisle widths hctwcen pilcs shall not be less than the height of thc pile or 4 fect (1219 mm), whichever is greater. Exception: Water-reactive sohds and liquids storcd in tanks. Class ;! water-reactive solids and liquids shall not he stol-ed in basements unlcss such materials are stored in closcd water-tight containers or tanks. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be stored in basenlents.
SECTION 4403 GENERAL REQlslREMEMTS
Class 7,or 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be storcd with ilammablc liquids.
4403.1 Quantities not exceeding the n~axilnumallowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of \\.ater-reactivc solids and liquids in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowtrblc quantity pel.co~itrolarca indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall bc in accord:uicc with Sections 2701, 2703, 4401 and 4403.
4404.1.5 Explosion control. Indoor storage roolns, areas and buildings containing Class 2 or 3 water-reactivc solids and liquids shall be provided with explosion control in accordancc with Scction 91 1.
4403.2 Quantities excecding the maxiinurn allowable yuantity per control area. The storage and use of water-reactive solids and licluids in nlrlounts cscceding the rr~asirnumallowable quantity pcr control area indicatcd in Scction 2703.1 shall hc in accordancc with Chapter 2'7 and this chaptcr. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
4404.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storagc of watcr-rcactive solids and liquids in cluant~ticsexceeding thc maximum allow;il>lc quantit) per control area indicatcd in T ~ b l c2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance bith Sections 2701.2703,2704 and t h ~ s chapter 4404.2.1 General. Outdoor storagc ofwatcr-rcactive solicls and liquids shall be within tanks or closcd water-tight con381
WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LlQUlDS
taincrs and shall bc in accordance with Sections 4404.2.2 through 4404.2.5.
4404.2.2 Class 3 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be within 75 icct (22 860 ~ n m of ) buildings, lot lines, p~tblicstreets. public alleys, public ways or means of cgress. 4404.2.3 Class 2 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 7, water-reactixle solids and licluids shall not be within 20 Sect (6096 mm) of buildings. lot lines,public streets. public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations, and extending not lcss than 30 inchcs (762 mm) a b w e and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall cither be an indcpendeut structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area. 4404.2.4 Storage conditions. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m"). Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 rn'). Aislc widlhs betwecn piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichcver is greater. 4404.2.5 Containment. Secondary containment shall be providcd in accordancc with the provisions of Scction 2704.2.2.
SECTION 4405
USE 4405.1 Gcneral. Thc use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts excced~ngthe maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tablc 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordancc with Scctioils 2701,2703,2705 and this chapter.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
REFERENCED STANDARDS This chaptcr lists the standards that are rcfcrenccd in various sections of this docu~ncnt.The standar-(1sarc listcd hcrcin by thc promulgating agency of thc standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or s e c i i o ~ ~ofs this document that reference thc standard. Thc application of the refel-enced slandnrds shall bc as specified in Section 102.6.
American Association of State Highway -. . and 'rrilnsporlatio~~ Officials treet. Northwesl. #249 Statlda~d rcfcrcnce !l~ll!lI??r
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Rclerenced in code ........Title .. ........... . . . . . . . . . . scctio~i . . ~iunibci... Specificalion fir Highway Ilrid~es,1 7 ~ hEdition 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.2.6
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AFSI
Arcliiteclural Fit11ric Slructures Instit~~le c/o Indus(rial Fa11xic Assuci;~tionIntcl'national 1 X01 County Ro;~dB \Vest Rose\ille. MN 5.5 11.3 ......
Standard rofercmcc ~iuniher ASI--77
Refirenred 111coclc 'Title section numbel. Dcsion and Standard Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.10.2
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Atncrica~~ Pctroleurn Institute 1210 1- Street, Northwest
API St;indard ~.eicrenci: LIIIIIII~C~ Spcc 1 2P---I 1 995 1 ~Rc;~flir~ncd 2000) RP 05 I --( 1907) Sttl653---(7001) RP 752---(2003) RP I 604---( l9')h) RP l(i15-(1906) Std 2000---( 1998) RP 2001--(LOO5) RP 2003~-( IOOS) Puhl 200Y--(1_0021 Std 201 5--(2001 ) KP 2023-i200l j
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Retcrenced in codc section number ............. .......... ..... ........................... Specification for Fiberglass Reinforccd Plastic Tanhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3404.2.I .3.1.5
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Cathndic Prcllection of Aboveground Petrvlcu~nStorage Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7, 3406.7.1 'Tank Itispeetion, Repair, .\Iteration a ~ Reco~~struction ~ d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406.7 h.lanagenlent of Haznrds Associated with Localion o l Pi-ocess Plant Buildings, CX4A Managc~sGuide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.7 Closurt oFl!~idcrgrtii~ndPctrolcurn Sloragc 'Ihl~lis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-104.2.13 Inst,lllntion of Undcr~roundPetroleum Storage Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.2.13.1.5,3406.7 Venting Atmtisphcre and Low Pressur-eStorage Tanks: Nonrefrigcmted and RcTrigcl-;rted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340-1.1.7.3.6 Fire Prnlcetion in Rcfincries, 8'"Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7 Protectil~nAg:~instIgnrlions A r i j i ~ ~out g of Static, Liphtcoing. and Stray Cul~cnts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406.7 Saie Wclding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gas Plantsand Pefrochemical Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,340i1.7 Safe Entry and Clearing of Petmleum Stori~gi.Tanl~s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7, 34Oh.7.2 Guide fur Safe Stomgc and Handling (if Hcnlcd Pct~.olruni-DcrivedAsphall Products and Crude-oil Kesidut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3406.7,3406.7,3 Flame Arrestors in Pipin2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340-1.2.7.3.2 Procedures Cor CVeldirtg or Hot Tipping on Eyuipn~cntin Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7 Ovcrlill Protcclion I'or Stomye % n k s in Petroleum l;'acilitics, 3rd Editio~l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3404.2.7.5.8, 3406.4.6. 3406.7
ASME
The An~ericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue Nc\v York. NY 10016-5990.. . .-
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Rckrcnced in codc Title szcti(1n number Schernc Ihr th; Idenlification of Piping Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2609.3, 2703.2.2.1, 301!?.4.2, 320.3.4.5, 3403.5.1S:rlc.ly Code for Ele~atorsand Esi.alntors--with AI7.l;i-2004 Addenda and ,417. IS Supplcmenl. . . . . . . . . . . . ,607.1, 1007.4
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
383
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ASME--continued Safety Code for Existing Fevators and Escalators-with A1 7.3-2000 Addenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .007.1 S;~fetyStandard fix. P1:rtforrn Lifts and Stairway Chair I.,ifts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,004.2.6
A 17.3--2002 A 18.1--2003 I3 1 ti. 18--200 1 R 16.22~-200 1 R3 I .3--2002 R? I .9-90 BPVC-200 I
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joiui Pressure Fiuings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,909.13.1 Wmughl Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-joint Pressure Fittings-with B 16.3-2a-1998Addenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000.13.1 Process Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2209.5.4.3,I , 2703.3-2.2 Building Services Piping Code for P1.cssicre Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3403.6.2.1,3403.6.3, 3303.h. I I ASME Roilcr and Prcssure Vessel Code, 2001 Cditioti of (Sections 1; 11, IV, V &VI, V1TT) . . . . . . . . .2209.5.4.2>3003.2,1003.3.2, 3203.4.3, 3203.8, 3204.4.1, 3204.5. :3404.2.13.1.5
XSTM International LOO Barr Harhor Drive PA 19428-2959 West Co~~shohockeii,
ASTM
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Refercnccd ill codc Title ~ul!~hcr .................. ........ ..... ..... ....... . . . se~tioll . Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe; Sl;lndard Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,900.13.1 Specification for Scanlless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,900.13.I Specification for Senrnless Coppcr Tube, Bright Annealed Spczifieation Ibr Scanless Copper Water Tube. . . . . . . . . Speeilication for General Requirenieiits fbr Mrrought Seailllcss Copper and Copper-alloy Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000.13.1 Specification ibr Sean~lessCopper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Picld Sel-vice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.13.1 Test Melhod for Flash Point by Taig Closed Tester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3402.1 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products al Atruospheric Press~lre.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,1702.1 Test hlethod for Fl:lsh and Fire Points bj. Clevelanrl Open Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3401.2, 3402.1 Tcst Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Up Tester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Test Mcthod for Vapor Pressure of Petroleu~nProducts (Reid Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2702.1 Test Methods for Flash Point ~ i l ~ i q u i by d s Small Scale Closcd-cup Apparatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3402.1 Test Method for Si~rfi~ce Burning Charactcl-istics of Builtling Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.1, 803.1 . I , 803.1.2, X03..5.1, 803.7.3, S04.l. 804.2.4, Test Method for Co~~ccntration Limits ofr:Ianmnlability of C:he~nicals(Vapors and Gascs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3502.1 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Srnol;e Release Rates Ibr Materials and Products Usinp an Oxygen Consumption Calorirnetcr Test Method fr)r Determining ERects of Large I-lydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Me~ubersaild Assen~blies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3404.1-.9.1.3 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upliolslercd Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X05.1.1.2.S05.2.1.2. 805..<.1.2 Test hlethod h r Fire Tesling of Mattresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R05.1.2.2, 505.2.2.2, 805.3.2.2
Standard rcfercncc .
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B 42-02c0 l B 43-44 R 68-02 B 88--03 R 25 1-02eOI H 3-80-03 D 56-~02a D 86-04h D 92-02b D 93~-023 D 323-9Oa D 3278-96cOI E 84--04
BHMA
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Rei'ere~~ced in code . T i t l e ...... _ - ... ~--.. . . . . . . . section ....... ni~mher American National Standard li)r Power Opemted Prxlcstrian Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.3.1Arncric;cn National Standard lor Pou,cr Assist and 1.ow Enerav Power lhelated Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008.1.3.2 --
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State ol'California Dcpart~nm"LofConsumer Affairs Bureau o l Home Furnishinns and Thermal lnsulatio~c 3485 Orallgc Grove Avenue North Highlands, CA 956 ...............
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Flammability Te
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
REFERENCED STANDARDS
Calil'ornici Tcchnic:ll Bulletl~r133- I99 l
Fla~n~nability 'Test f'roccdure for Scaring Furniture for USEin Public Occup:~ncics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compressed Gas Association 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway 5"' Floor Arlinulon. VA 22202-1102
CGA --
Rcl'el-cnccd in coilc scction Ti!?... ... . . . _ .. ~. . .. ... . ... ........ ~u~!nbs~ Guide to the PI-cparation (if Pscc;~ution'~ry L:ibcling and blarki~~gof Conlpreased Gas Coot;ri~~css. . . . . . . . . 3003.1.2; 3203.1.2 Safe FIiindling of Compressed Gases in Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30(1.7 S~andardI'or R~rllilncrt Gas Systerns at Consurncr Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3301. I Kclief Device Standclrcls--Par[ I--Cylindrrs fol Compl-essrd Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220LJ.5.-1.2,3003.3.2, 3203.2 Pressure Relief Device Standards--Par1 2--Curgo and Portable Tiiilnks for Compressed Gases . . . 2209.5.4-.2, 3003.3.2,3203.2 -
P- 18-1 1002) S-1.1-(2001) S- I .2-( 1995) S-I .?---.( 1995)
hessurc Relief Device St:undal-ds-Part 3--Stationary Stor:ige Containers for Compressed Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2209.5.5.2, 2209.5.4..7.5, 3003.3.2, 3203.2
V- I-(2002)
Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and 11ilet Comiections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.1.3
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Coast Guard Rcsi~lations c/o Superintendent of Documents LT.S.G o v e r n ~ i ~Printing ~nt Oft>ce JVashington. DC 20402-9325
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Consumer Product Safcty Corninission 4330 East Wesl Migh\~ay Bcthesda, MD 208 14 ... ................ Staritlard rel'crcncc nunlher
Title
16 CFR P:trt 15110 4l---l9X4 16 CPR Pall 1500.42-10S1 16 CPR Part l s ~ ~ o , 4 4 - ~ 2 Il l ~ l I6 CPR P:il.t 15011---I')S1 I0 CPR P:III 1507---200 1
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Method l'or Testing Primary Irritimt Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202 Tcst h r Eye Irritants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202 Metl~odfix Testing Fi',-itl.c~~~cly Flun~inableand Flan~mahlcSolids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3h02.1 liazardous Substances and :\rticles; Administration and Enforcement Regul;~~ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3301 1.3. 3.102. I Fireworlcs Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..33Ol .I 3. 3302.1
U.S. Deparl~llcntof Colnrnercc 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3160 Gaithersburg, MD 20899
S~aniiartl rcferc~rcc n~rn~her . . ~. 16 CFK Pal-t 1612-- 1999 ~
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Standard for the Flarnniabili~yof klat~rcss:md hlattrcss Pads (FF 4--72, .\mended) . . . . . . . . . X05.1.2. 1, 805.2.2. 1. 805.3.2.I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
385
REFERENCED STANDARDS
17,s. Department of Labor C/OSiiperintendent of Documents U.S. Govemnlent Printing 0 f i . c ~ Washington, DC..20402-9325 .
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Standard refc~~encc ["!"!b~.~ . . . . . . 29 CFR Part 1910.1000--- 1974 39 (YFR Pall
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U.S. Department of Transportation Oftice oiHazardous hfatcrial Standards 400 7" Sucet, Southwest U'ashington, DC 20590~.............. ...
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Oil and H,vardous klaterial Transfer Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406,s Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2005.1, 3302. I 'Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32l13.4.3.3203.8 13azard(>ush4ateri;lls Tahlcs, Special Provisions, Hazardous Ma1cri:lls Communicatiol~s, Emcqency Response Int'orn~dtiot~ and Training Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3304.6.5.2 Shippers - Gcncl-a1Requi~e~nents for Shipn~entsand Pack;igings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..33O6.3 Shippers G e n e r a l Requirc~uentsTor Shipments andpackagings: Class 8 - Assignment of Packing Gnlup. . . . . . . . . 3 102.1 Hazi~rdousMatcrials Regillations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.2, 3301 . I ; 3301.1.3, 3301 .3, 3406.5.1 .I 5
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Co~nrnercein Explosives, as amended thrnogh April I , 199s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1. 3304.6.5.2
International Code Couocil, Inc. 5203 Lcesburg Pike, Suite 600 F:rlls Church, VA 2204 1
ICC Stand:~ld reference nulnbcl-.. .......... ..... ICC/ANSI A1 17.I--().? ICC 300-02 LCC EC --06
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Oil or Hazal-dous Material Pollution Prevention Regulations for Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.8
49 CFR Pall 173.137--I 990 4 W F R Parh 100-1 78-1 994
Standard reference rlurnher .......... 27 CFR Part 55-1008
Titltr
Rcfcrenccd in code ................................... section numbcr
Facilities Transfel-ringOil or Hazardous Material i n Bulli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.8
19 (?FR Pnrt I 73--- I909
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Kefercnccti in codc \cctii)!~~numhcr
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Referenced in code -Title ................ ... ......... ... ............... section 11usb5r Accessible and Usahlc Buildings and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1.4, 1007.6.5. 1010.1, 1010.0.5. 1010.9, 101 1.3 Standanl on Blcachcrs, Folding and Telescopic Seating and Grandstands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l025.1.1 ICC Glcct~.icalC~ode".. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,603.1.3. 603.1.7, 603.5.2.604.2.16.1. 604.2.16.2, (~05.1,605.3, 605.4, 605.9,606.16, 904..:.1, 907.6, 909.1 I , 909.12.1, 909.16.3. I I06.3.1, 1204.2.3,Table 1304.l. 140:4.7, 1503.2.l. 1503.2.l.1, 1503.2.l.4, 1503.2.5, 1504.6.1.2.2, 1504.9.4, 1604.5. 1703.2.1, lS03.7.1, 1803.7.2, 1803.7.3, 1903.4. 2004.1, 2201.5, 2205.4, 2708.8.1.2.4, 2200.2.3, 221 1.3.1,221 1.8.1.2.4.2403.12.6.1, 2404.15.7, 2606.4, 2703.7.3, 2703.8.7.1, 2703.9.4, 2701.7. 2705.1.5,3003.7.6, 3003.8, 3003.16.1 1, 3003.16.13, 3203.7, 3203.7.2, 3403.1 ,Tahlc 3403.1.1, 3403.1.3, 3404.2.8.12. 3404.2.8.17, 3406.2.8,3503.1.5, 3503.1.5.1. 3606.5.5, 36i16.5.6, Y704.2.2.K .
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2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ICC-continued Intcroalional Ruilditig Coden'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3, 102.4, 201.3, 202. :10441.3,306.I, 31 I .I .I, 3 1 l .i,3 13.1, 3 13.2, 408.7.2. 504. I . 509.1, 603.2. 603.3.2. 603.5.2.603.6.1, 601.5.6041. 603.2.'). 604.2.15.l.3. 604.2.16,604.2.16.1.1, 604.2.17, 608.4, 608.8, 701.1, X03.I.T;1ble80:3.3. 803.7.1, 803.7.2, 805.3.1.2, 807.1.2, 807.4.2.2,901.4.1, 91)1.4.2,903.2.4.2,903.2.8.l,903.2.9. 903.3.2; 4)03.3.5.2. 903.6,907.2.6.2,!!07.2.7, 907.2.12, 907.2.18, 907.2.21, 007.15. 909.1,909.2,909.3,009.4.3,9!)9.5,900.5.2,909.5.2.1. 909.10.5, 91 1.2,914.1.914.2.1, 914.3.1,914.5.3,914.10,100:1.2, 1003.3.4. 1003.5, 1006.3, 1007.2. 1007.4, 1007.5, 1007.6.2, 1007.X, 1008.1.3.3. 10O8.1.6. IOOX. I .X. I , 1008.1.8.7, 1000.10. 1000.11.1, 1010.1, 1011.4, 1011.5.3, 1012.1, 1013.1, 1014.4.l.Tnhle 1016.1, 1017.1,Tablc1017.1,~~ablc1019.2. 1020.1, 1010.1.1. 1020.1.2. 1020.1.3, 1020.1.4, 1020.1.7. 1021.3, 1021.4. 1021.5, 1012.2: 102?.3,1024.3, 1026.1, 1027.5, 1027.17. 1027.17.1,Table 1027.17.2, 1104.6, 1106.17, 1107.1, 1107.4, 1203.3.1207.1. 1414.l, 1502.1. 1504.2. 1504.3.l, 1504.T2.6, 1504.3.3, 1505.2, 1501.1, 1801.4. 1803.2.2. 1803.3.1: 1803.3.2, 1803.3.3, lX03.3.4. 180.3.3.8. IX03.14, lXO3.14.1, 1803.15.l. 1804.3.1 1805.2.2.1, 1805.2.3.2, 1805.3.1, 1805.34.2, 1805.3.:1, 1003.I , 2005.1. 2009.2. 2009.4. 2009.6, 2201 . I , 2201.4, 2203.1, 2207.4, 2208.2, 2208.3. I.Tallle 2209.3.1, 2209.3.2.3, 2209.3.2.6.1, 2209.3.3, 2210.1, 221 1.1, 221 1 . 31, 221 1.4.1. 221 1.8.1.2.3, 2301.3, T:~hle2::06.2,2306.3.1, 2306.3.2.1. 2306.3.2.2, 2306.8. 2307.2,2308.3, 2402.1. 2403.8.2. 2404.1. 2503.1, 2701.2.2.2, 2703.2.8. 2703.8.1,Tablc 2703.8.2, 2703.8.3.1, 2703.8.4.1. 2793.9.4). 2704.13. 2705.2. 2705.3.'), 2801. I . 2904.3, 2904.4, 2904.5. 3003.16.l, 3003.16.2. 3203.1.2, 3203.5.2,3204.2, 3204.7.2.2, 3204.4.3,3205.4.1,3304.2, Table 3304.5.2.3, 3305.5, 3401.3, 3404.2.7.7. 3404.2.8.1, 3404.2.8.2. 3404.1.9.2. 3404.2.9.3, 9404.3.3.5. 3404.3.7.1. 3404.3.X, 3405.3.4. 3405.3.5.3. 3405.3.7.1. 3405.3.7.2, 3405.3.7.3, .?405.3.7.4. 3405.3.7.5.1,3406.2.3. 3406.4.1,3606.2.2.3606.2.3, 3606.1.2, 3703.1.4.2, 3705.3.1, 3S00.1 1.2. 3c)OJI.2. A004.1.2, L10,l.I. 1, 4106.1.1, 4304.1 1nIern;ttiorial Fuel Gas Code" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,201.3, 603.1. 603.1.2, 603.5.2. 603.8. 1103.1. IJ03.3, l604.5. 2lI)l.l. 2103.1, 3104.1, 2104.1, 2201.1,221)1.6,2209.3.2.3, 2209.3.2.6, 2403.15.1, 2404.15.2, 2404.16. I. Table 2703.1.1(1),3001.1. 3501.1.3503.l.4. 3803.1, 3S03.2.1.7, 3803..3 Inlernatioual Mechanical code^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 1.3. 702, 308.3.7, 603.1, 603.1.2,603.2, 603.3. 603.5.2. 603.S,606. I. 606.2. 606.3. 606.4. 606.7. 606.8. 606.16. hOX.(i.I . 609. I. 903.2.12.1. 904.1 1. 909.1. 000.10,2.
I~~trrnationnl P1.operly Maintenance Code" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1 1.1 Inte1'11ationa1 Residential Code ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202. I 001 .I lntert~~liorfiil Wildlluld-Urban Interklcz CodeTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1.2
IPMC-~-06 IRC4)C
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IWUIC---(I6
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Inlrrn:~tinnalOrgnnizalion for Slandardi~atior~ (ISO) IS0 Central Srcrclariwr
Stantlard reference ~iu!uhcr .IS0 8 1 15-~-86 ~
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Rclercnced in code Titie . . . _ _ . . . . . ~..-~ _ ~~. - .~ ~. scctiur~ - .~ nnlnher Co~tc)nDales---Di~nensio~~s and Dcnsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1804.2.I. l'ahlc 2703.1( 1 )
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National Elccuical Manufacturer's i2ssociation I300 N. 17th Streel Suite 1x47
NEMA
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RcFc~.cnicd in code Title. . .-_ . . . . .- . . .. _ _ ._ . . - - . . sct:~rin~riinibcr .~ B!~closuresfor Elcclric;~lEquiprndnt ( 1.000 Volt Marimom). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3705.2
NFPA
National Fire Protection Aasoiintio~l Uattcrymarch Park Quincv, . . MA 02269 .-~
Standard rdbrcncc "!""h~, 250--2003
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Refcrenccd In codc -. ~ . . . . . - . ..~ .~~ ..- -. ~. . scction nimlher Po~ti~hlr Fire 13xtinyuishcrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 901.6.1,006.2,906.3.1;1blc 906.311 ). Tahlc 906.3(?),2106.3 Low-, Mediu~n-.Hiph-eup;lnsion Foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .')04.7, 3404.2.9.1.3 MeCliilll~-and High-expansitl~~ Foam Systerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,904.7, 3404.2.9.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Extingi~ishingSystcnls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17:lhlc901 .h. I , 904.8, 904.1 I tlnlc~n1101 Fire Fxtin:ri~ishillgSystenls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tiible 901 A.1. 904.9
2006 INTERNATtONAL FIRE CODE@
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REFERENCED STANDARDS
NFPA-continued Installatinn ol' Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . Tablc 704.1.903.3.1 . 1. 903.3.2. 903.3.5.1.I, 903.3.5.2. 903.1 1.905.3.4, 007.9. 2301 .I, 2304.2. Tahle 2306.2, 2306.9. 2307.2, 2307.2. 1 . 2308.2.2, 2308.2.2. I . 2310.1. 2501 . 1. 2804.1,2806.5.7,3404.3.3.9. Table 3404.3.6.3(7), 3.iO4.3.7.5,I . 3404.3.8.4 Installation of Sprinkler Systenls in One- and Two-family Dwellings and Ma~~ul'acturctl Hornes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..903.3.1.3, 903.3.5.1.1 Ins(al1atioi1o l Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to 2nd Including Four Stories in Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.1.2. Y03.3.5.1.1.~103.3.5.1.2.903.4 Insta!lation of Standpipe and Hose Systcms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.2. 905.3.4. 905.4.2. 905.8 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Pt.otection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.1.3 Installation of Foam-water Sprinkler and Foarn-water Spray Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.7. 904.1 1 Dry Cheliiical Exti~~guishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 901.h.l. 004.0. 904.1 I Wet Chctnical Extinguishing Syste~ns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table OOl .&I. 904.5. 004.1 1 lustallation of Stationary Punlps for Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9l?. 1.9 13.2. 01 3.5. I Water Tanks for Private Fire Protectioi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.? Installation of Privalc Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.1. 1909.5 Inspection. 'Testing :~ndMaintenance ot' Wi~tcr-hasedFire Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.3. Tahlr YO1 .0. I . 904.7.l,912.6, 913.5, Flammable and Cornhustible Liquids Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.6.2. .3403.6.2.1.3404.2.7. .i404.2.7.1, 3404.2.7.2.3404.2.7.3.0,3404.2.7.4, 3404.2.7.6, 3404.2.7.7, -7404.2.7.8, 3404.2.7.9,3404.2.9.2,3404.2.9.3, 3404.2.9.5.1.1,3404.2,9.5.1.2, .3404.2.9.5.1.3. 3404.2.9.5.1.4, 3404.2.9.5.l.5. 3404.2.9.5.2,3404.2.9.0.4,3404.2.10.2.3404.2.1 1.4, 3404.2.1 1.5.2, 3404.2.12.1, 3404.3.1.3404.3.6, 3404.3.7.2.3,3404.3.7.5.l, 3404.3.8.4. 3406.8.3 Code for Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.4. 2201 .5. 2201.6.2206.h.3. 2210.1 M;~nal'r~cture and Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2801 . I . 2803.l.2804.1. Tablc 2804.3. I . Table 2804.3.2. Table 2804.3.2.2, 2804.4. I . 2804.5.2, 2804.6, Tablc 2806.2, 280(1.2.3, 2806.3.2, 'Tahle 2806.4, 2806.5.l, 2806.5.6; 2807.1 111stallationof Oil-huriiing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.1.7. 603..3. I . 603.3.3 Dry CLeaning Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l207. I 1207.3 Spray Application Using Flarnnlable or Combustihlc Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.3.2 Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flamnlahle or Con~bustihlcLiquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505..1. 1505.4.1.l Manufacture of Organic Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2001.3.20~ . )5.4 Stolxgc and Handling of Cellulosc Nitratc Film. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.2 Dssign and Installation of Osygen-fuel Gas Systems for Weltlh~s.Cutting and ,2 llied Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2601 .5. 2007.I 2609.1 Acetyleile Cylinder Chnrgil~gPlanth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2(X18.1 Compressed Natural (;as (CNG) Vehicular Fuel System Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3001 . 1 Standard Cor the Storage. Usc and Handling of Cnmprcssed G;lses and Cyliildcrs and Xulks . . . . . . . . . . .2209.2.1. 320 1.1. 3. 501 .I. 4001 .1 Cryogenic Fluids in Portahle and Stalionery Cn~~tainers Liquefied Natural Gas (LPG) Vehicular Fuel System Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 . 1.1 Liqticticd Petroleum Gas Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3801 .I. 3803.1. 3803.2.1, 3803.2.l.2.3803.2.1.7. 3803.2.2. 3804.1. 3804.3.1, 3804.4,3806.2, 3806.3, 3807.2. 3808.1. 3808.1, 3X09.l I .2. 381 1.3 Produclion. Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas tlIeI304 . I Flaine Effects Befot-e an Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.6 Chirntleys, Fireplaces. Venls and Solid Fuel-Ru~.ningAppliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .h03.2 Fire Protection of Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 1.1.2308.4.1-3 10.1. 2501.1. 3404.3.3.9 Safeguarding Constructiol~.Alteratio~l. and Demolition Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401.1 System for Cigarette Jgnition Resistatlce of Methods of Tests and Cla~~ilicatio~l Components of Llphoisterrd Furniturc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X O i . I . l . I , 805.2.1.1. 805.3.1. 1
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2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
REFERENCED STANDARDS
N F P A - continued Mcthnrl of Test for Deter~iiiningResistaucc of Mock-up Upholstered Furl~iture h'lakrial Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X05.11. 1. SO5.3 .I .1 Metllorl of Firc Tests for Evalua~ingRoom File Growth Contribution o l Textile MraII Coverings in Full Heisht Pancis and Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.5.1. 803.5.1.1. R03.5.I .?_ Standard Method ot Fire 'rests for Evaluating Contribution or Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Roonl Fire Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.1, 803.1.?, SO3. I .2. I . 80.1.5.1 Firc Protcction Stanrlartl for Mar~nasand Noatyards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.3.7 Ta111llc Vel~iclehIhr Flalnlnable and Co~nhustihleLiquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5. 3.1.nh.6, 3406.6.1 Aircraft Fuel Servicitig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 106.2. I 106.3 Aircraf I-lungars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14.8.2.914.8.5 Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4004. 1.4 Conlbustiblc Metal&. niletal Powders. and Metal Dusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .zll)lc 1304.1 Storage of Ammoniunl Nitra1.e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .I .5
Sai'e Havens and hiterchange Lots for Vehicles Trnnspo~iingExplosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 1.1 ?Po~veredIndut~-ialTrucks. Iticluding Type Designations. Areas of Ilsc. Mailitennn~.e.and Operalion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.7.3 Prevention c ~ Fire f and Dust Explosions from thc Mn~iohcturing. Processing aud Handling o r Conllntstible Parliculale Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1.301.1 PI-eventionof Solfur Fires and Expltlsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1304.1 Rc\~entionot'Fires and Explosions in Wood P1,ocessing a r ~ d M o o t l w o r k F:~cilities i~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1304.1. 1905.3 blethods of Fire Tcsts Tor Flame-propagz~tiot~ of'rexti!es and Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .806.2. 807. I 807.1.2. X07.2, SO7.4.2.1_.1703.5 Firc Retardarlt Impregnated \Vood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X [ 13.4 Identitication of the Hazards of klaterials [or Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.7. 1802. I . 2404.3. 2703.2.1.1. 270?.2.3.2.2703.5,2703.10.2. 2705.1.10, 2705.2.1.1, 2705.4.4, 3203.d. 1. 3404.2.3.1 Watcr Mist Fire Protect~onSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tahlc 'jOl.6.1 Model Rocltrtry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ~ 7 0I . I .4 L;ircart)rhsDisplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.l, 3304.2. 3308.1. 330X.2.2. 3308.5. 3308.6 Manuf:lcti~re.Transportation. Stor.13~ . and Retail Sales of Fii-cworks and Pyrol~'chllicr l r l i ~ l .e .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3302.1.1304. 2. .i305. I. 3305..3.3305.4. 3105.5 Munuljc~ureot' Model Rocket and Hijh Power Rocket Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11111.1 4 L!se of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audiet~ce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.2. 3305.1. .330S. I . 3308.2.2. 3308.4. 3308.5 lHigh Power Rocketry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 . I .4 Clcnn Aceot Fire Extinzuishinc Systenls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 90 1 .6. 1 904.10
.
.
UnderuI-itcrs Laboratories, Inc. 333 Plinysten Ro;!d Northbrook. 11.601162 ..................... .......
.......
. -
. . . . . . . . . .
.......
. -
...
. . .
- ......
. . . . . . . .
Ilcfcrenccd in code 5cctiol1 nunlhc!' .T :!i ............... ........................ Metill Sal'ety Cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705 . I . 10, 3405.2.4 Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Coinbustible Liyuidswith Rcvisio~~s ~hroughJuly 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3404.2.13.1.5 Outline (IT Inve\tiptiol~for Fire Testing of Sprinklers and Water Spray Nozzles for P~.oteetionof Deep Fat Fryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .004. 1 1 .A. 1 Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alanns.--wi~h Revizions through January 1004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10 Contnll Ilnits I'or Fire PI-otccliveSignalitlp Systems.- with Revisions through Oclober 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.?. 6.2 Fire Testing ol' Fire Ext~ng~tishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Arenswith Kcvisions lhrough December 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.1 I Recirculating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904. I 1 Standard for hi~tomaticallyOperated R o o i E n t s for Stnoke and Heal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9lO.3.1 Standard Ibt- Ct~nlrolUnits and Accessories for Fire Al;u~nSystemsw i ~ hRevisions through October 3003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909. 12 Air Filter Ilnits-with Kcvisions through October 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l504.7.8 P1;onrnable Licluid Storage Cdbinets-- with Revisions through blnrch I997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270.3.t(.7.1 . .1404.3.?.1 . 1 Standard lor Safety for Mctol Wastc Papcr Conlainers-wit11 Revisions through Deccmbcr 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80X. I Glass Fibcr Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Ta111cstor Petroleuln Products. rllcohnls, and i\lcohol-g~~soline hIixtures-. with Revisions Ihroogh April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.13.1.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
389
REFERENCED STANDARDS
UL-continued Standard [or Relocatahle Power'Taps-with Revisions through July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6U7.4.1 Fil-e Tests for-Foamed Plastics Used fur Dccorativ~Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S07.4.2.1. 808.2 Plntccted Aboveground Tanks for Plammohle and Comlx~stibleLiquids-with Revisions through Decemhcr 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1: 3404.2.9.1.3.340.1.2.0.6.5, 3405.3.X.2 Standard fbr Stationary Enginc Generator Asse~nblics-with Revisions through July 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,604. I. I Solvent Dislil1;ition Units-with Revisions through August 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3405.4.1 Rclow-Ciradc \'z~ults Sor- Fla~runableLiquid Stolxgc Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.X. 1 Fire Tcsts of Storage Pallets---with Kevisio~~s thl.ough May '2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2308.1.1
USC
.......................................
United States Codr: c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office W~shington.DC 20.102-9325
........
~~.
......................................
Standard rehrnicr
n!lmbc!:
Rd'ercnce,d in code
...............
18USC:Parl I, Chapter 40
-Title
-
-
.......
. . . . . . . .
..
.............
scction~i~~w~~cr
In~podation,Manufacture, Distril~uutiooand Storage of Explosi\~cMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3302. I
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX A Tlzze provisions contahted in this appendix are izot maizdatoi-y unles~~pecificalljrefereitced in the adoptiikg or-dinance.
BOARD OF APPEALS SECTION Ad Od GENERAL A1O1.l Scope. A board of appeals shall be established u;ithin the jurisdiction for tlie purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of the Ir~tert~ariot~ill Fire Cotlc pursuant lo the provisions of Section 108 of the hternnrional Fire Code. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section?and shall be authorized to hear evidence fromappellants and the tire code offtci;ll pertaining to the application andintent ofthis code for the purpose of issuing ordcrs pursuant to thcse provisions. A101.2 Membership. The membership of the board shall consist of fh:e voting members having the qualifications established by this section. Members shnll he nomirxated by the fire code official or the chief administrative officer of the jurisdictiol~,subject to confirmation by a ~najorityvote of the govc1-11ing body. Members shall serve without remuneration or compensation. and shall he removed from oftice prior to the end of their appointed ternis only for cause. A101.2.1 Design professional. One member shall be a practicing design professional registel-ed in the practice of engineering or a~.chitccturein the state in which the board is established. A101.2.2 Fire pi-otertionengineering professional. Onc ~ n e n ~ b shall c r bc a qualified engineer, tcclinologist. tcchnician or safety professional trained in lire protection enginccring, Sire science or fire technology. Qualified rcprcscntativcs in this category shall include tire protection contractors and certitied technicians engaged in fire protection system design. A101.2.3 industrial safety professional. One member shall be a registered industrial 01-chenlical engineer, ccrtificd hygienist, certified safety professional, certified hazardous materials manager or co~nparably qualified specialist experienced in chemical process safety or industrial safcty. A101.2.4 General contractor, One rnclnbcr shall be a cont1-actor rcg~ilarlycngagcd in the construction, alteration: maintenance, repair or remodeling of buildings or building scrvices and systems regulated by the code. A101.2.5 General industry or business representative. Orlz member shall be a representative of business or industry not represented by a mcmbel. from one of the other categories of board members described zlbove. A101.3 'rerins of oflice. Members shall be appointed for ternis of foul years. No nicnibcr shall be reappointed to serve more t h m two con\ccutivc full terms. A101.3.1 Initial appointments. Of the members tirst appointctl. two shall be appointed for a tcrnm of 1 year, two for a term of 2 years, one for a tcrnm of 3 years
A101.3.2 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be fillcd t o r ,In uncxpired term In thc manner in which original appointments ale required to be made. Members appointed to till a vacancy in an unexpired term shall be eligible for rcappolntmen t to two full terms. A101.3.3 Removal from office. Me~nbcrsshall be rcmoved from office prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Continued absence of any mcnibcr from regular meetings of the board shall, at tlie discretion of the applicable governing body, rendel- any such member liable to immediate removal from office.
A101.4 Quorum. Thrce members of thc board shall constitute a quomrn. In varying the application of any provisions of this code or in modifying an order of the firc cvde oficinl, affIr111:ltive votes of the majority present, but not less than three, shall he I-equircd.
A101.5 Secretary of board. The firc code official shall act as secretary of rhe board and shall keep a detailcd rccord of all its proceedings, which shall set forth the reasons for its decisions, c e ~ n e ~ n band c r any failthe vote of each mcmbcr, the a b s e ~ ~o1.a ure of a member to vote. h101.6 Legal counsel. The j~~ristlictionshnll f~~rnisli legal counsel to the board to provide members with general lcgal advice concerning matters before them for considcratio~~. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the juristiiction's cxpcnse in all nlatterh arising from service within the scope of their duties. A101.7 Meetings. The board shall meet at regular intervals, to be dcterrnined by the cha~rman.111any event, the board shall meet within 10 days after notice of appe'd ha\ been ~ c c c ~ v c d . A101.8 Conflict of interest. Members with a ~nalcrialor financial interest in a matter before thc board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, tlelibe1.ntions. and voting on such matters. At01.9 Dtvisions. Every decision sh21ll be promptly filed in writing in the oftlce of the fire code official and shall be open to public inspection. A certified copy shall he sent by mail ol.otherwise to the appellant. and a copy shall hc kept publicly postcd i:i the office of the fire code official for 2 weelss after filing. AI01.BO Procedures. The board shall be operatcrl in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act of thc state in which it is established or shall establish rules and regulations for its own procedure not inconsistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law.
2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX
B
FBRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS Tlie provisioizs contuiired irz this appendix are tzot ntarzduto~yurzless specifically referenced in the udoptirzg or-dirrunce.
SECTION %I81 GENERAL B1O1.l Scope. The procedure for determining fire-ilow rcquiruinents for buildings or portions of buildings hereafter corlstructcd shall bc in accordancc with this appendix. This appendix docs not apply to stmcturcs other than buildings.
11104.3Type HA and Type ZB construction. 'The firc-flow calculation area of buildiilgs constructed of Ty11e I A and Type 16 cotlstruction shall be the area of the thrce largest succcssivc floors, Exception: Fire-Bow calculation area for open parking garages shall bc dctermiried by the area of the largest floor.
SECTION 8182 DEFlNlTlONS U102.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this appendix. certain tcrnms are defined as follows: FIRE-PI,OW. The flow rate of a watcr supply, measured at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) (1 38 kPa) residual pressure, that is i~vailablefor fire fighting.
GALCULLLTb'lON AREA. 'loor in scluare feet (m'), used to determine the reqirircd fire flow,
SECTION B103 MODIFICATIONS B103.1 Decreases. The fire chief is authorized to reduce thc fire-flow rcquircnlcnts for isolated buildings or a group of builtlings in rural areas or small coinnlunities whcrc the dcvelopmcnt of full fire-tlow rcquircments is inipractical. B103.2 Incrcascs. The fire chief is authorized to increase the firc-flow rcquircments where conditions indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires or conflagrations. An increase shall not be more than twice that rcqiiircd for the building under consideration.
R103.3 Areas without water supply systems. For infor~nation regarding watcr supplics for lire-fighting pirrposes in rural and suburl>an areas in which adequate and reliable water supply systems do not exist. the fire code official is authorized to utilizc NFPA 1 141 or the Itrtri.tzatioizn1 Il'iliilm~d-U~-/~~~~z Intcrfi1ce Cotle.
SECTION 8184 FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA B104.1 <;enera!. firc-flow calc~1lationarea shall bc the totill tloor area of all tloor lcvcls within the exterior walls, and under the horizontal projections of the roof of a building, except as moclified in Section 13104.3. 11104.2 Area separation. Portions of buildings which are separated hy fire walls without openings, constructed in accordancc with tlic Irzrerrraric~r~nl R~rilcliilgCode, arc allowcd to bc considered as separate fire-tlow calculation areas. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SECTION B105 FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUlLDlNGS B105.P One- and two-family dwellings. The ~ i ~ i n i m u n l fire-flow rcquircments for one- and two-family dwellings having a fire-flow calculation area which docs not cxcccd 3.600 square fcct (344.5 n12) shall bc 1,000 gallons per minute (3785.4 LImin), Fire-flow and flow dLIratiollfor dwcJlillgsllavine a fire-flow calculation arca in excess of 3.600 sailarc fcct (3144.5 m2) shall not be lcss than that specificd in ~ a b l c105.1. .~ Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of 50 pcrccnt, as approved. is allowcd when thc buildinp is providcd with an approved automatic sprinkler system. B105.2 B~tildingsother than one- and two-family dwellings. The minimum fire-flow and flow duration for builtlings other than one- and two-family dwellings shall bc as speciiied in Table B105.1. Exception: A reduction in reyuircd fire-flow of up to 75 percent, as approved, is allowcd when the h~rildingis provided with an approved auto1n:ttic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. The ) resulti~igtire-flow shall not be lcss than 1,500 gallons per minute (5678 Llrrlin) for the prescribed duration as spccificd in Table B 105.1.
SECTION B106 REFERENCED STANDARDS ICC
IBC
International Building Code
wildlLlndUrban Intelface Code Standard01, Water lie^ for H 103.3 Suburban and Rural Firt: Fi~I~liilg
~ C C ~ W , J ~ CLnternationaI NFPA
1 142
B104.2,
'I'ahlc B 105.1 B 103.3
APPENDIX B
TABLE 8105.1 MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE-FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGSa FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA (square feet) -. ..-
..
and llBb
. . .
. .
~ypV e -B~
.
~
,
FIRE-FLOW I FLOW DURATION /(gallons per minute)' (hours) ...
--+
. .
TI
-
-
= 3.785 I/m; I pound pel. square inch = 6.XC)5hPa For SI: I squarc h o t = 0.0929 n~'. I jialloi~per ~rlii~rlie a. Thc minilnuin rccjuir'ed lire flow shall be allowed to be reduccd by 25 perceilt for Group R. 11. Types of constl.nc~ionkuc based on theJnrrnlniio~iolBfrilili~lg COLIC. c . Measured at 20 psi.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDlX C
FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTlON Tlze provisions corztained irz this upperzdis ure rlot mandatory tcrzless specifically referenced in the adopting ordirzancc.
SECTION el 01 GENERAL C l 0 l . l Scope. Fire hydrants shall b e provic!ed in accordance with this appendix for the p ~ o l e c l ~ oorn buildings, or port~ons of buildings, hereafter constructeci.
SECTION C104 CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE HYDRANTS C104.1 Existing fire hydrants. Existing fire hydrants on public streets are allowed to be considered as available. Existing firc hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considcrcd available unless fire apparatus access roads extend between properties and casements are established to prevent obstruction of such l~oacls.
SECTION C1Q2 LOCATION C102.1 Fire hydrant locations. Fire hydrants shall he providcd nlotig rciluircd firc apparatus access roads and adjacent public strcets.
SECTION C1Q5 DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS C105.1 Hydrant spacing. 'l'hc average \p;~c~ng bctwecn fire hydrants shall not exceed that li~tcdin Tablc C105.1.
SECTION C103 NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS C103.1 Fire hydrants available. The minimum number of fire hydrants available to a building shall not bc less than that listed in Tablc C105.1. The number US fire hydrants available to a complex or subdivision shall not be less than that determined by s p n c i ~ ~rccluirerncnts g listcd in Tahlc C105.1 when applied to fire apparatus access roads and perimeter p~tblicstreets from which firc operations could be conducted. - - - .-
1
Ii I
'I
1,750 or less
1
4,500-5,000
1 ~ - .. .
-~
/'
7-------1-
~
Regadless of the average spacing. fire hydrants shall be located such that all points on strects and access roads adjacent to a building arc within the distances listcd in Tablc C105.1.
TABLE C105.1 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS
-
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT (gPm)
I
Exception: The fire chief is authorized to accept n deticicncy of up to I0 percent where existing tire hydn~ntsprovide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant service.
~-
I
.
~
. .-
MINIMUM NUMBER OF -- HYDRANTS
I
-
~
~
~
/
AVERAGE SPACING BETWEEN HYDRANTS ', (fee?
? -
--
1
p p p p p -
-
,
MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANP
250
I
-
1
I
.
6
-
--
~. --
180 ~~
--
~~
I ~-
300 ...
i
+
.
. .I-
..-
-
~
250..~
--
-
150
. ~
---
.
I
-~
250 ... 200 .~
I
~-
-
--
.
.. .
~
-
~-
.~ --
~~
-
~
-~
150 -~
120
-
--
1
I
!
\
For St. 1 roo^ = 704.8 mm, I galloli per lninute = 3.785 I.:iii. ;I. Rrilricc hy 100 feet 1.r)~d~?ad-end streets or roads. 11. Whtro strcels are prclvidcd with rilediari dividers which can he classcd hy tire fighters pillling hose lines, or where al-tet-i;llstrccls :Ire provided with rour o u nlorc ~ r a h i cIa~icsaild have n traffic counl of more than 30,000 vcliiclcs pei- day, hydrant spacing shall averngc 500 feet on each side ofthc slrcel anti he ;~l-r;lnycdo n an allel.il;lling basis up to a lirc-llow requirement of 7,000 gallons per rninr~leand 400 fect for higher tire-flow rcquircruents. C. Whcrr new wtlrcr maiiis i ~ r e cxtendcd slung streets whcre hydrants are not needed for prolectioti of structures or similar fireprohlcnis, fire hydrants shall be prohwards. vidcd at spilcirlf riot to exceed 1,000 k e t lo provide f ~ ]tsansportatio~i d. Reducr by -50 fect lor dead-end streets or I-oads. e. One hydrant fur each 1,000 gallons per minute or fraction thereof.
2006 INTERNATIQNAL FIRE CODE@
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE"
APPENDIX D
FIRE APWWATUS ACCESS ROADS Tile provisiorzs contained in this r~ppendixare not ntandatory unless spec[fkally referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION Dl01 GENERAL 11101.1 Scope. Firc apparatus access ~.oadsshall be in accordancc with this appendix and all other applicablerequirements of lhc I~zic~rrrrrliorrtrl Fire CON%'. SECTION Dl02 REQUIRED ACCESS D102.1 Access and loading. Facilities, buildings or portions 01' buildings hereafter constructed shall be acccssible to I'irc department apparat~isby way of an approved fire apparatus acccss road with an asphalt, concrete or othcr approved driving sul-fiicc capable oS supporting the imposed load offire appwa~ L I wcighing S a1 least 75,000 pounds (34 050 kg).
D103.3 Turtlitlg radius. The minimum turning radius shall bc dc~erminedby the fire code official.
Dl03.1 ~~~d ends. ~
~ ~ fjrc d apparatLls . ~ ~access d ill of 150 feel (45 720 nlm) shall be and turnarou~idprovisions in accordance with Table D103.4. TABLE D103.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR DEAD-END FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS - - ~~
lhception: Cirades stcepcr than I 0 percent as approved by
.
~~
I
,l . ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~
i
.-- ..
-
-
.. ...
.
1 0--150
20
~
/None required
---~.. ...-I-.-
I
/ 151-500
~~~
~ . . . ~--
--- -
. -. ..
' 120-Cootl-iammerhead,60-hot '.Y'.or
I
20
L !
/ 501-750 Ii ~ p - ~ - ~
/ Ovcr 750 ..
I
I
~~
'90-hot-dianieter cul-tle-sacin 1 accorclancc with Fifi~~re D103.1.. ~~
~~
~
-
60' "Y"
96' DIAMETER CUL-DE-SAC
60'
+j
-
>-k-I
Special approval required . .. -------
I ~
~.
--
--
fire apparatus access roads shall cornply with ~111ol'thc Sollowing cr~tcria:
MINIMUM CLEARANCE AROUND AFIRE HYDRANT
28' R--' TY P.'
ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO 120' HAMMERHEAD
FIGURE D l 03.1 DEAD-END FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD TURNAROUND 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
-,
D103.5 Fire apparatus access road gates. G a ~ c ssccuring ~ h c
1-60'
120' HAMMERHEAD
~
--
1. The rninirn~~m gate \\,idtli shall be 20 Scct (6006 mm)
Ihr Sirc chicf.
i
~
: 17-0-foolHam~nrrhead,00-I'CIOI"Y"or
26 ~~
i
96-lc~ijt-diametercul-de-sac in ..L I accordance with Figure D 103.1 ~
I SECTION Dl03 MlNlMClM SPEClFlCATlONS D1103.1 Access road width with a hydrant. Where a fire hydr~mtis located on a firc apparatus access road, thcminimu~n road widlh shall be 26 t'cct (7925 mm). See Figure D103.1. D 103.2 Grade. Fire apparatus acccss roads shall not cxceed 10 pcrcent in grade.
-
APPENDIX D
2. Gates shall be of thc swinging or sliding type. 3. Clonstruclion of gates shall he of materials that allow manual opcration by one person. 4. Gatc componcnl\ shall be maintained in an operativc condition at a11 tirncs and replaced or repaired whcn dct'cctive.
5. Electric gates shall be equipped with a means of opening the gate by fire departnicnt personnel for cnicrgcncy access. Emergency opening devices shall be approved by the fire code official. 6. Manual opening gates shall not be locked with a padlock or chain and padlock unless they are capable of being opened by rneans of forcible entry tools or when a key box containing thc key(s) to thc lock is installed at the gate location. 7. Locking devicc spccilications shall be submitted for approval by the fire code official.
D103.6 Signs. Where required by the fire code official, fire apparalus acccss roads shall be markcct with permanent NO PARKING-FIRE LANE signs complying with Figure D103.6. Signs shall have a minirnum dimension of 12 inches (305 inm) wide by IS inches (457 mm) high and have red letters on a white reflective background. Signs shall be posted on ouc or both sides ol'llie fire apparalus road as required by Scction D103.6.1 or D103.6.2. SlGN TYPE "A"
SlGN TYPE "C"
FIRE LAME
FIRE LANE
SlGN TYPE
12n
.
1
1-
A
12v
1
1
. / ..
1
2
u
~
FIGURE D103.6 FlRE LANE SIGNS
D103.6.1 Roads 20 to 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus access roads 20 to 26 feet wide (6096 to 7925 mm) shall be posted on both sides as a fire lane. D103.6.2 Roads more than 26 feet in width. Fire apparatus acccss mads more than 26 feet wide (7925 m ~ ntoj 32 feet wide (9754 mm) shall be posted on one sidc of the road as a fire Ianc.
SECTION Dl04 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS D104.1 Buildings exceeding three stories or 30 feet in height. Buildings or l'acilitics exceeding 30 feet (9 144 mm) or three stol-ies in height shall have at least three rneans of fire apparalus i ~ c c c for ~ s each structure. 398
Exception: Projects having a gross Imilding area of up to 124.000 square fcct (I 1 520 rn2,1that have a singlc approvcd fire apparat~~s access road when all builtlings are equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinlclcr systems.
D104.3 Remoteness. Whcre two access roads arc required, they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one half of thc length of the niaxirnun~ovcrall diagonal dimension of the property or area to be served, measured in a straight line between accesses.
SECTION Dl05 AERIAL FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS
DlO5.l \$'here required. Buildings or portions of buildings or facilities exceeding 30 fcet (9144 mm) in height above the lowest level or fire departnicnt vehicle access h a l l be provided with approved fire apparatus access roads capable of accommodating fire department acrial appamlus. Overhead utilily and power lines shall not bc located within the acrial fire apparatus access roadway. D105.2 Width. Fire apparatus access I-oads shall havc a minimum unobstructed width of 26 feet (7925 nim) in the immediate vicinity of any building or portion of building rnorc than 30 feet (9144 mm) ill height.
"DM
18"
: ,1
D104.2 Buildings exceeding 62,000 square feet in area. Buildings or facilities havingagross building areaofmore than 62,000 square fcct (5760 m2) shall bc providcd with two separate and approvcd fire apparatus access roads.
D105.3 Proximity to building. At least one ol"the requircd access routes meeting this condition shall be located within a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm) and a maximum of 30 fcet (9144 tnm) from the building. and shall be positioned parallel to one entire sidc of the building.
SECTION D l 0 6 MULTIPLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
D106.1 Projects having more than 100 dwelling units. Multiple.family residential projects having more dwell. ing units shall be equipped throughout with two separatc and approved fire apparatus access roads. Exception: Projects having up to 200 dwelling units may havc a single approved fire appainlus access road when all buildinzs, including nonresidential occupancies, are equipped throughout with approved automalic sprinlclcr systems installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1. I o r 903.3.1.2.
D106.2 Projects having more than 200 dwelling units. Multiple-fanlily residential projecls having morc than 200 dwelling units shall bc provided with two separate and approved lire apparatus access roads regardless of whellicr they arc cquipped with an approved automatic sprinklcl. system. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX D
SECTION D l 0 7 ONE- OR TWO-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS D107.1 One- or two-family dwelling residential derelopments. Dcveloprnents of one- or two-family dwellings whe1.c the number oCclwelling units exceeds 30 shall be provided with separate and approved [ire apparatus access roads and shall lncel the rcquircrnents oC Section D 104.3.
Exceptions: I . Where Lhere arc rnorc than 30 dwelling units on a singlc p ~ ~ h lor i cprivate fire apparatus access road and all dwelling units are equipped Ihroughout with an sp~inklersysterri in accordance approved a~~tomalic with Section 903.3.1.1. 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.3, access linm two direc~ionsshall not be required. 2. Thc number of dwelling units on a single fire appnrat ~ access ~ s road shall not beincreased ~ ~ n l efire s s apparatus access roads will connect with future dcvclopmcnt, us determined by the firccodc official.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX E
HAZARD CNEGOWIES This apperldix is for irzformation purposes a~zdis not intended for ndoyltiorl.
SECTION El01 GENERAL EI0l.l Scope. This appcndix provides information, explanations and cxamples to illustrate and clarify the hazard categorics contained in Chapter 27 of the I~~tenrntior~al Fire Code. Thc hazard catcgorics are based upon the DOL 29 CFR. Where nurncrical classifications are included, thcy are in accordance with nationally rccognizcd standards.
Test methods or guidclincs for hazard classiiication of cncrgetic materials used for in-proccss operations shall bc approvcd by the fire coclc official. Test methods used shall be DOD; BATF, UNIDOT or othcr approvcd criteria. ' h c results of such testing shall becomc a portion of the filcs of thejurisdiction and be included as an indcpcndent scction of any Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) requircd by Section 3305.2.1. Also see Scction 103.7.2.
This appcnclix should not be used as the sole means of hazardous rnatcrials classification.
Examples of materials in various Divisions arc as follows:
SECTION El02 HAZARD CATEGORIES E102.1 Physical hazards. Matcrials classified in this section ~ o s ac ~hvsical hazard. ,
.
E102.1.1 Explosives and blasting agents. The current I?N/DOTclassificution systcm rccognizcd by international authorities, thc Department of Defense and othcrs classifies all cxplosives as Class 1 matcrials. They are then divided into six scparate divisions to indicatc their relative hazard. Tlicrc is not a direct correlation bctwecn the designations uscd by the old DOT systcm and those uscd by the current systcm nor is there corrclation with the systcm (high and low) established by thc Burcau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Fircarms (BATF). Table 3304.3 provides some guidance with regard to thc current categories and thcirrelationship to thc old categories. Somc itcms may appear in morc than onc division. dcpending on factors such as thc degree of confincnicnt or separation. by type of packaging, storagc configuration or state of assembly.
I n ordcr to determine the level of hazard orcsented bv explosive matcrials, testing to cstablish quantitatively their cxplosivc nature is required. There are numerous tcst methods that have been uscd to establish thc character of an cxplosivc matcrial. Standardized tests, required for tinislied goods containing cxplosives or explosivc materials in a packaged for171suitable for shipmcnt or storage, have been established by UNIDOT and BATF. Howeve!; these tests do not considcr key elcrncnts that should bc exaniincd in a manufacturing situation. In manufacturing operations, thc condition and/or the statc of a material may vary within the process, Thc in-proccss material classification and classification rcquircments for materials used in thc manufacturing proccss may be different from thc classification of the samc tnotcrial when found in finishcd goocis depending on the stagc ofthc process in which thc niatcrial is found. A classification methodology must be used that rccognizcs the hazards commensurate with the application to the varinblc physical conditions as well as potential variations of physical charactcr and type of explosive under considcration. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
1. Division 1.1 (Hirh . - Explosivesj. Consists of cxnlosivcs that have a m a s explosion hazard. A ~ i a s s explosion is one which affects almost the cntire pile of material instantaneously. Includes substances that, when tcstcd in accordance with approvcd mcthods, can be causcd to dctonatc bv mcans of a blastint! cai, when uncontined or will transition from dcflagration to a detonation when confined or unconfined. Examplcs: dynamite, TNT, nitro~lyccrine,C-3. HMX, RDX, encascd explosivcs, inilitary ammunition. L,
a
2. Division 1.2 (Low Explosives). Consists of cxplosives that havc a projecrion hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard. Examples: nondctonating encased explosives, military ammunition and the like. 3. Division 1.3 (Low Explosives). Consists of explosives that havc a fire hazard and eitlicr a minor blast hazard or a minor projcction hazard or both, but not a mass explosioii hazard. Thc major h i ~ ~ a is r dradiant heat or violent burning, or both. Can bc tieflagratcd whcn confined. Examples: smokelcss powder. propellant explosives. display fireworks. 4. Division 1.3. Consistsof explosivcs that pose a minor explosion hazard. The explosive cffects are largely confined to the package and no projcction of fragmcnts of appreciable size or range is expected. An internal fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the cntire contents of thc package. Examples: squibs (nondctonating igniters). explosive actuators, cxplosive trains (low levcl dctonating cord).
5. Division 1.5 (Blasting Agcnts). Consists of vcry insensitive explosives. This division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard, but are so inscnsitivc that thcre is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport. Matcrials are not cap sensitive; howcver. thcy arc mass detonating when provided with sufficient input. Exantplcs: oxidizcr and liquid fuel slurry mixturcs ant1 gels. anunoniurn nitrate combined with f ~ ~oil. el
APPENDIX E
6. Division 1.6. Consists of extreulely insensitive alticlcs which do not have a Inass explosive hazard. This division is comprised of articles which contain only extrclnely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation. Although this category of materials has been defined, the primary application is can-ently limited to military uses. Examples: Low vulncrahility military weapons.
Explosives ill each division are assigned a compatibility group letter by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety (DOT) based on critel-ia spccified by DOTn 49CFR. Compatibility group letters are used to specfor the transportation and storage related to ify thc co~~trols various niatcrials to prevent an increase in hazard that might result if certain types of explosives were stored or transported together. Altogether, there are 35 possible classification codes for explosives. e.g.. 1. IA, 1.3C, 1.4S, etc.
E102.1.2 Compressed gases. Examplcs include: 1. Fla~nmahle:acetylene. carbon monoxide, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen, methane. Ammonia will ignite and burn although its flam~ilablerange is too narrow for it to fit the definition of flan~mablegas. 2. Oxidizing: oxygen, ozone. oxides of nitrogcn, chlorinc and Fluorine. Chlorinc and fluorine do not contain oxygcn but reaction with flamii~ahlcsis similar to that of oxygen. 3. Corrosive: ammonia, hydrogen chloride, fluorine.
2. Cornbustiblc liquids. Class 11 liquids shall include thosc having flash points at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Class IIIA Iiquids shall includc those having f ash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). Class IJlB liquids shall include those liquids having flasli points at or above 200°F (93°C).
E102.1.4 Flamnlable solids. Examples include: 1. Organic solids: camphor, ccllulosc nitrate. naphthalene. 2. lnorganie solids: dccaboranc. lithium amide. phospllorous heptasulfide, phosphorous scsquisulfide, potassium sulfide. allhydrous sodium sulfide, sulfur. 3. Combustible metals (except dusts and powders): cesium, magnesium, zirconium.
E102.1.5 Colnbustible dusts and powders. Finely divided solids which may be dispersed in air as a dust cloud: wood sawdust, plastics, coal, flour, powdered metals (few exceptions). E102.1.6 Combustible fibers. Scc Section 2902. I . E102.1.7 Oxidizers. Examples includc:
I . Gases: oxygen, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, fluorine is similar to and chlorine (reaction with tla~nn~ahlcs that of oxygcn).
4. Highly toxic: arsine, cyanogen, fluorine, gcrnmane: hydrogen cyanide. nitric oxide, phosphine, hydrogen selenide, stibine.
2. 1,iquids: brominc, hydrogen pcroxide. nitr~cacid, perchloric acid. sulfuric acid.
5. Toxic: cl~lorinc,Ilydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, phosgene. silicon tetrafluoride.
3 Sol~ds:chloratcs. chromatcs, chromic acid, iodine, nitrates. nitrites, perchloratcs, peroxides.
6. Inert (chemically unreactive): argon, helium, Icryp-
E102.1.7.1 Examples of liquid and solid oxidizers according to hazard.
ton, neon, nitrogcn, xcnon. 7. Pyrophoric: diborane, dichloroborane, phosphinc, silane. 8. Unstable (reactive): butadienc (unstabilizcd), ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride.
E102.1.3 Flamnnable and combustible liquids. Examples includc: 1. Flammable liiluids. Class IA liquids shall include those having flash points below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below 100°F (38°C). Class 1B licluids shall include those having flash points below 73°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or :lbovc 100°F (38°C). Class IC licluids shall includc those having flash points at or above 73°F (23°C.) and below 100°F i38^C).
Class 4: am~noniumperchlorate (particle size grcater than 15 microns); ammonium pel-manganatc, guanidine nitrate. hydrogen peroxide solutic~nsmore than 91 percent by weight, pcrchloric acid solutions more than 72.5 perccnt by weiglit, potassium superoxide, tetranitromethane. C l a s s 3 : arnmonium d i c h r o m a t e , c a l c i u ~ n hypochlorite (over 50 pcrccnt by wcight), chloiic acid ( I 0 percent maximum concentration), hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 52 pcrccnt up to 0 I pcrcent). mono-(trich1oro)-tetra-(~i~onc~pc~tassium dich1oro)-penta-s-triazinetrione.nitric acid, (fuming -more than 86 pcrccnt coucentration), perchloric acid solutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight:). potassium bromate. potassium ehlorate, potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate), sodium brornatc, sodiu~n chloratc, sodium chlorite (over 40 percent by weight) and
2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE'
APPENDIX E
sodium dichloro-s-triaxinetrione (sodium dichloroisocyanurate). Class 2: barium bromate, barium chlorate, barium hypochloritc, bariurn perchlol-ale, barium pelmanganote, 1 -broino-3-chloro-5,5-di1nethylhydantoin, calcium chloratc. calcium chlorite, calcium hypochlorite (50 pcrccnt or less by weight), calcium perchlorate. calcium permanenate, chromium trioxide (chromic acid), copper chlorate, halane (1, 3-dichloro-5. 5-diiiicthylhydantoin), hydrogen pcroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 pcrcent), lead per-chlorate, lithium chloratc, lithium hypochlorite (morc than 39 pcr-ccn~availablc chlorine), lithiurn perchlorate, magncsiuni bromatc, magnesiu~nchlorate, nlapnesiilm pcrchlorate. mercurous chlorale, nitric acid (more than 40 perccnt but less than 86 percent), perchloric acid solutions (morc than 50 percent but lcss than 60 pcrccnt). potassium perchloratc, potassiurn pcrm a n g a n a t c , potassium peroxide, potassium supcx~xide,silver peroxide, sodiurn chlorite (40 pcrcent or less by weight), sodium perchlorate, sodiurn perchlorate monohydrate, sodium pernianganate, sodium peroxide, strontium chlorate, strontium perchlorate. thallium chlorate. trichloro-s-triazinetrione (trichloroisocyanuric acid). urea hydrogen peroxide, zinc bromatc, zinc chlorate and zinc permangallate. Class I : all inorganic nitratcs (unless othercviscclassificd). all inorganic nitrites (unless otherwise classificd), ammonium persulfate. barium peroxide. calcium pcroxide, hydrogen pcroxide solutions (greater than 8' percent up to 27.5 percent). lead dioxide, lithium hypochlorite (39 percent or less available chlorine), lithium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, niangancse dioxide, nitric acid (40 percent concentration or Icss), pcrcliloric acid solutions (Icss than 50 percent by weight): potassiuni dichromate, potassiu~n pcrcarbor~ate,potassium persulfatc, sodium carbonate pcroxidc, s o d i u ~ ndichloro-s-triazinetrione dihydratc, sodiurn dichroniatc, socliurn pcrboralc (anhydrous)?sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium pcrborate tctmhydl-ate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate? strontium peroxide and zinc peroxide.
E102.1.8 Organic peroxides. Organic peroxides contain the do1.1b1eoxygcn or peroxy (-0-0) g~-oup.Some are flammable coiupounds and subject to explosive decomposition. They arc available as: 2. Pastes 3. Solids (usually finely divided powers). E102.1.8.1 Classification of o r g a n i c peroxides according to hazard. Unclassifietl: Unclassified organic peroxides are capablc of detonation and are regulated in accordance with Chapter 33. Class I: acetyl cyclohcxane sulfonyl 60-65 pcrcent concentration by weight. fulfonyl pcroxide, ben7oyl peroxidc ocer 98 percent concentration, t-butyl 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
hydroperoxide 90 pcrcent. t-butyl pcroxyacetatc 75 percent, t-hutyl peroxyisopropylcarbonalc 91- pcrccnt, diisopropyl pcrox ydicarbonate 100 percent. di-11-propyl perox)dicdrbonnte 98 pcrcent, and di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate 85 pcrcent. Class 11: acetyl peroxide 25 perccnt, t-butyl hydroperox~de70 pcrcent (with DTBP and t-BuOti diluents), t-butyl peroxybenzoatc 98 pcrcent, t-butyl pcroxy-2-ethylhexanoate 97 pcrccnt, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrale 7 5 p e r c e n t , t-butyl pcroxylsopropyl-carbonate 75 percent, t-butyl peroxypivalatc 75 pcrcent. dybcnzoyl peroxydicarbonatc 85 pcrccnt. di-acc-butyl peroxydicarbonatc 9 8 percent. di-scc-bulyl peroxydicarbonate 75 percent. 1,l-di-(t-buty Iperoxy)-3.5,5-tri1ncthyccyclohexa1~c 95 perccnt. di-(2-cthythcxyl) pcroxydicarbonatc 97 percent 2.5-dymethyl-2-5 dl (benzoylpcroxyi hcxane 92 pcrcent. and peroxyacctic acid 43 percent. Class 111: acctyl cyclohexane sulfonal peloxide 29 pcrccnt, benzoyl peroxide 78 percent, bcnzoyl pcroxide paste 55 pcrccnt, benzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide150 percent butylbenzylphthalate dilucnt, c u m e n e hydroperoxide 86 pcrccnt, di-(4-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbollate 98 percent, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhcxanoate 97 perccnt. t-butyl peroxyncodecanoatc 75 percent. decanoyl pcroxidc 98.5 percent, di-t-butyl pc~oxidc99 pcrccnt. 1, I -di-(t-b~1tylperoxy)3.5,5-trimethylcyc1ohcxanc 75 percent, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl pcroxidc 50 pcrcent. diisopropyl p e r o x y d i c a r b o n a t e 3 0 percent. 2,-5-di1nethyl-2.5-di-(2-cthylhcxanolypcroxy )-hexane $10 percent. 2.5-diniethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylpcroxy) hexane 90 pcrccnt and mcthyl ethyl kctone peroxide 9 percent activc oxygen diluted in diincthyl phtlialatc. Class IV: benzoyl peroxide 70 percent. bcnzoyl peroxide paste 50 percent peroxide115 percent water135 percent butylphthalate diluent, bcnzoyl pcroxidc slurry 40 percent, benzoyl peroxide powder 35 pcrcent, t-hutyl hydroperoxidc 70 pcrcent, (wilt1 water diluent). t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoatc 50 pcrccnt. decuinyl peroxide 98 pcrcent, dl-(2-cthylhcxal) pcroxydicarbonatc 40 pcrcent, laurcl pcroxidc 98 pcrcent, p-methane hydroperoxidc 52 5 pcrccnt, mcthyl ethyl ketone pcroxidc 5.5 perccnt activc oxygcn and ~cc methyl ethyl ltctonc perox~dc9 percent ~ ~ c toxygen diluted i n water and glycols. Class V. bcnzoyl peroxldc 35 perccnt, I , l -di-t-butyl peroxy 3,5,5-trimethylcyclol~cxanc 40 pcrccnt. 2,s-di-(t-butyl peroxp) hexanc 47 perccnt artd 2,4-pentanedionc peroxide 4 perccnt active oxygcn. E102.1.Y Yyrophoriu n~aterials.Ertamplcs incl~~dc: 1. Gases: diborane, phosphine. silimc.
2. L i q u i d s : d i e t h y l a l u n l i n u ~ n c h l o r i t l c , d i ethylberyllium, dietliylphosphi~ie,diethylzinc. dimethylars~ne,tricthy1;iluminum cthcratc, triethylbisniuthine, triethylboron, trimethylalumi~~~un, trimethylgalli~i~~~.
APPENDIX E
3. Solids: CCS~UIII. hafnium, lithium, white or ycllow phosphorous, plutonium, potassium, rubidium, sodium, t l l o r i ~ ~ ~ n .
E102.1.10 Unstable (reactive) materials. Exanlples include: Class 4: acetyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, dinitrobenzerlc, cthyl nitrate. pcroxyacetic acid and picric acid (dry) trinilrobcnzenc. Class 3: hydrogen peroxide (greatcr than 52 pcrccnt), hydroxylaminc, nitroniethane. paranitroaniline, pcrchloric acid and tctrafluorocthylcne monomer. Class 2: acrolcin, acrylic acid, hydrazinc, mcthacrylic acid, sodium pcrchlorate. styrene and vinyl acetate. Class I acctic acid, hydrogen pcroxidc 35 percent 10 52 perccnt, paraldchyde and tetrahydrofuran.
E 1.02.1.11Water-reactive materials. Examples include: Class 3: aluminum alkyls such as tricthylalun~inum, isobutylaluminum and trin~ethylaluminum;bromine pcntafluoridc, hromine trifluoride, chlorodicthylaluminium and diethylzinc. Class 2: calciuln carbide. calcium metal, cyanogen bromide, lithium hydricle, niethyldichlorosilanc~potassiuni metal, potassium peroxide, sodium nietal, sodium peroxidc. sulf~~ric acid and trichlorosilnne. Class 1: acctic anhydride, sodium hydroxide, sulfur monochloride and titanium tctrachloride.
E102.1.12 Cryogenic fluids. Thc cryogenics listed will exist as cc)mp~-esscclgascs when they arc stored at ambient tcmpel-aturcs. 1. Flammable: carbon monoxide, deuterium (hcavy hydrogen), ethylene, hydrogen. methane.
2. Oxidizing: fluorine, nitric oxide, oxygen. 3. Clorrosivc: fluorine, nitric oxide. 4. Inert (chemically unreactive): argon, helium, krypton. neon, nitrogen, xenon. 5. Highly toxic: fluorine. nitric oxidc.
E102.2 Health hilzards. Materials classified in this section pose a health hazard.
E102.2.1 Highly toxic materials. Examples include: 1. Gascs: arsinc, cyanozen, diborane. fluorine, germane. hydrogen cyanide, nitric oxide. nitrogcn dioxide, ozone, phospliine, hydrogen sclcnide, stibinc.
2. Liquids: acrolein. ac~ylicacid, 2-chlorocthanol (cthylcnc chlorohydrin), hydrazinc, hydrocyanic acid. 2-methylaziridine (propylenimine), ?-methylacetonitrile (acetone cyanohydrin), methyl cstcr isocyanic acid (methyl isocyanate), nicotine. tctranitron~ethane and tetraethylstannane itctraethyltin). 3. Solids: (aceto) phcnylrnercury (phcnyl mercuric acetare), 4-aminopyridinc, arsenic pentoxidc, arsenic trioxidc. cnlciurn cyanidc, 2-chloroacctophenone. aflatoxin B, dccaboranc(l4), mercury (11) bromide
(mercuric bromidc), mercury (11) chloridc (corroslvc
mcrcury chloridc), pentnchlorophenol, rncthyl parathion. phosphorus (nhitr) ant1 \odium a7idc.
E102.2.2 Toxic materials. Examples include: 1. Gascs: boron trichloride, boron trifluoridc. chlorine, chlorine trifluoridc, hydrogen fluoridc, hydrogcri sulfide, phosgene, silicon tctrafluoridc.
2. L i q u i d s : acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, alpha-chlosotoluc~~c,anilinc, I -chloro2,3-epoxypropane, chloroformic acid (ally1 estcr), 3 - c h l o r o p r o p e n e (ally1 c h l o r i d c ) , o - c r e s o l . crotonaldehyde, dibromomcthane, diisopropylamine, diethyl cstcr sulfuric acid, dinicthyl ester sulfuric acid, 2-furaldehyde (furfural). furfural alcohol, phosphorus chloridc, phospl~oryl chloride (phosphorus oxychloridc) and thionyl chloride.
3. Solids: acrylamide, barium chloride, barium (11) nitrate, benzidine, p-bcnzoquinonc, beryllium chloride, cadmium chloridc, cadmium oxide. chloroacctic acid, chlorophcnylnicrcury (phcnyl 111crcu1-icchloride), chromium (VI) oxidc (chromic acid, solid),?,4dinitrotoluene, hydroquinone, mcrcury chloridc (calomel), mcrcury ( I t ) sulfate (mercuric sulfate), osmium tetroxide, oxalic acid, phcnol, P-phenylenedial~iine, phcnylhydrazinc, 4-phenylmorpholine, phosphor~lssulfide, potassiun~ fluoridc, potassium hydroxide, seleniurn (IV) disulfide and sodium fluoride.
E102.2.3 Corrosives. Examples include: 1. Acids: Examples: chromic, formic, hydrochloric
(muriatic) greater than 15 perccnt, hydrofluoric, nitric (greater than 6 perccnt, perchloric, sulfuric (4 pcrccnt or more). 2. Bases (alkalis): hydroxidcs-a~~~rno~~iurn (greater than 10 percent). calcium, potassium (grcatcr than I percent). sodium (greater than I percent); ccrtain carbonates-potassium. 3. Other corrosives: brominc, chlori~ic,fluorine, iodine. ammonia.
Note: C o ~ ~ o s i v cthat s are oxidizers. c.g.. nitric acid. chlorine, fluorine; or arc compressed gases. e.g., ammonia, chlorine, fluorine; or are water-reactive, c.g.. concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxidc. are physical hazards in addition to bcing health hazards. SECTION El03 EVALUATION OF HAZARDS
E103.1 Degree of hazard. The dcgrcc of hazard prescnt depends on many variablcs which should hc considcl-id individually and in combination. Somc of thesc variables are as shown in Sections E103.1.1 through E103.1.5.
E103.1.P Chemical properties of the material. Chcmical propcrtics of the material dctcrrnine self reactions and reactions which may occur with other materials. Generally, 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE*
APPENDIX E
material\ w~thirlsubdivisions of h a r d categories will exhibit similar chcm~calp~opertics. Howevcr, materials with similar clic~ilicalproperties may pose very different hazards. Each individual rnatcrial should be researched to determine its hmardous properties and thcn consideled in rclation to othcr materials that it might contact and the surr o u ~ ~ denvironment. i~~g
E103.1.2 Physical properties of the material. Physical propcrties, such as whzthcr a material is a solid, liquid or gas at ordinary temperatures and pressures, considered along with chenlical properties will determine requirements for containment of the material. Specific gravity (weight of a liquid compared to water) and vapordensity (weight of agas compared to air) arc both physical properties which are important in evaluating the hazards of a rnatcrial. E103.1.3 Amount and concentration of the material. The aniount of material present and its concentration must be considered along with physical and chcmical propertics to dcternlirle the magnitude of the hazard. Hydrogen peroxide, for cxaml~lc,is used as an antiscptic and a hair bleach in low conccntrations (approximately 8 percent in water solution). Ovcr 8 perccnt, hydrogcn peroxide is classed as an oxidizcr and is toxic. Above 90percent. it is a Class 4 oxidizcr "that can undergo an cxplosive reaction whcn catalyzed or exposed to l~cat,shock or friction," a definition which incidentally also placcs hydrogen peroxide over 90-percent concentration in the unstable (reactive) category. Small amounts at high concentrations 111aypresent a greater hazard than large amounts at low concentrations. E103.1.3.1 Mixtures. Gases-toxic and highly toxic gases include those gascs which have an LC,, of 2:000 parts per million (ppm) or less whcn rats are exposcd for a period of I hour or less. To maintain consistency with the definitions for thesc materials, exposurc data for pcriods other than 1 hour must be normalized to 1 hour. To classify mixtures of compressed gases that cont-' onc or morc toxic or highly toxic conlponcnts, the LC,,, of the mixture must be dctermined. Mixtures that contain only two coniponents are binary mixtures. Those that contain morc than two components are multi-component mislures. Whcn two or morc hazardous substances (co~nponcnts) having all LC,,, bclow 2,000 ppm are present in a mixture, their combined effect, rather than that of the individual substanccs (components), must be considered. In the :lbscnce of infol-mation to the contrary, the effects of the haz,arcls prcscnt must be considered as additive. Exceptions to the above rule may be made when thcrc is a good reason to believe that the principal effects of the diffcrent harmful substanccs (components) are not additive. For binary mix~urcswhcre rhc hazardous component is dilutcd with a nontoxic gas such as an inert gas. the LC',,, of the mixture is estimated by use of the following formula:
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
For multi-component mixtures where niorc than one component has a listed LCs,;,the LC,,, of thc mixture is estimated by use of the following Sormula:
(Equation E-2) where:
LC,,,,,= C
LC,,,of thc mixturc in parts pel. million (ppm).
= concentration of conlponcnt ( i ) in decimal pcrccnt. The concentration of the individual components in a mixture of gases is to be cxprcsscd in terms of perccnt by VOIUII~C.
LC,,, = LC,, of componcnt (i). The LC,,, of the component is based on a I-hour exposure. LC,,, data which arc for other than I-hour cxposures shall be normalized to 1-hour by multiplying the LC,, for the tinlc determined by the factor indicated in Table E103.1.3.1. The preferred mammalian spccies for LC,, data is the rat. as specified in the definitions of toxic and highly ~lcil toxic i n Chapter 7- of the I ~ ~ r e r l ~ c ~ t i oFire Code. If data for rats are unavailable. and in thc absence of information to thc contrary. data for other spccies may be utilized. The data shall he taken in the following order of prcfcrencc: rat. mouse. rabbit?guinea pig. cut, dog, monkey.
i,,
= component I. component 2 and so on to the nth component.
Examples: a. What is the LC,, of a mixturc of 15-percent chlorinc, 85-percent nitrogen? Thc I -hour (rat) LC,,, of pure chlorinc is 293 ppm. LC, ,,,, = 1 / (0.15 1293) or 1,953 ppm. Thereforc. the mixturc is toxic. b. Whal is the LC5, of a ~mixturcof 15-percent chlorine. 15-percent fluorine and 70-percent nitrogen? The I-hour (rat) LC,, of chlorinc is 293 ppm. The I-hour (rat) LC,, of fluorine is 185 ppni.
LC, ,,,,, = I / (0.15 I 293) + (0.15 / 185) or 755 ppnl. Therefore the mixture is toxic. c. Is themixture of 1 percent phosphinc in argon toxic or highly toxic? The 1 -hour (rat) LC,,, is 11 ppm. LC,,,,, = 1 / [0.01 / (11 2)] or 2,200 ppm Thcrcfure the mixture I \ neither toxic nor highly tox~c. Note that the4-hour LC;,,of I 1 p p ~ was r ~ norm a l ~ z c dto I - l ~ o u rby usc of Section E103.1.3.1.
APPENDIX E
TABLE E l 03.1.3.1 NORMALIZATION FACTOR
8. Hob+ does the actibity impact thc hazardous characteristics of the matcrial? Consitler vapors released or hazards otherwise exposed.
9. What nlust the material be protected from'? Consider other materials, temperature, shock. pressurc, ctc. 10. What effccts of the matcrial mu\t pcoplc and the cnvironment be protected from?
1
.
~~~~~-
4.0
~
I
\
1I I
.
-
.
,
~
I
I 1~.
..
i
i
5.0.
-.-&
.
~
2.0
-.
~
~~
.
.
- - ~
~
~p
1
-.
2.2
. .
iI
~~
I
.
..
~~
. ... . . . . -
.
-
.
1
...
.~ . I
7.0
~
. .
8.0 ..
+
.-
.. . . .
-
.
-
.
-
1
.. .
-
. . .
2.6
..~
2.4 .
-
2.8_ -
.~ ---... - -
1
~ ~
!
--
i
E103.1.4 Actual use, activity or process involving the material. The definition of handling, storage and use in closed systems refcrs to materials in packages or containers. Dispensing and usc in open containers or systcms describes situations where a material is exposed to ambient conditions or vapors arc liberated to the atmosphere. Dispensing and usc in open systcms, then, are generally more hazardous situations than handling. storage oruse in closed systems. Thc actual usc or pl-ocess lriay include hcating, elcctric or othcr sparks, catalytic or reactivc materials and many other factors which could affect the hazal-d and must therefore be thoroughly analyzed. E103.1.5 Surrounding conditions. Conditions such as othcr ~natcrialsor processes in the arca, type of construction of thc structure, fire protection features (e.g., fire walls, sprinkler systems, alarnis. etc.), occupancy (use) of adjoining arcas, normal temperatures, exposure to weather, etc., must be taken into account in evaluating the ha7ard.
I I . How can protection bc accomplished'? Co~~sidcr: 1 1 . I . Proper containers and equipment. 11.2. Separation by distance or construction. 1 1.3. Enclosure in cabir~ctsor rooms. 1 1.4. Spill control, drainage and containment. 1 1.5. Control systems - ventilation, special clectrical, detection and alarm, extinguish~nent. explosion venting, limit controls, exhaust scrubbers and excess flow control. 11.6. Administrative (operational) controls-signs, ignition sourcc control, security. personncl training, established procedures. storage plails and emergency plans. Evaluation of the hazard is a strongly subjective process: thcrcforc, the pcrson chargcd with this responsibility must gathcr as much relevant data as possible so that the dccision will be objective and within the limits prescribed in laws, policies and standards. It may be necessary to ca~lscthe responsible pcrsons in charge to have tests made by qualified persons or testing laboratories to support contentiorls that a particular material or proccss is or is not hazardous. Sec Section 104.7.1, of the I~ztenzutionulFire Code.
E103.2 Evaluation questions. The following arc sample evaluation questions: I. What is the material? Corrcct identification is irnpor(ant; cxact spclling is vital. Check labels, MSDS, ask etc. responsible pe~-so~ls,
2. What arc the concentr:ition and strength? 3. What is the physical for111 of llle matcrial:' Liquids, gases and fincly divitlcd solids have cliffcling rccluirenlents for spill and leak control and conrainment. 4. tiow much ~natcrialis prcscnt? Considcr in relation to permit amount\, maximum allowable quantity pcr control area (from Group H occupancy rcquiremcnts). amounts which require detached storage and overall n~agnitudeof the hazard.
5. What othcr materials (including furniture, equipment and building coinponc~its)are closz enough to interact with thc material? 6. What arc the likely reactions?
7. What is thc activity involving the material? 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE*
APPENDIX F
HAZARD RANKING Tlie provisiolls contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specc~caZZyrcfererzced in the adopting 01-dinance.
SECTION F101 GENERAL F1O1.l Scope. Assignment of levels of hazards to be applicd to specific ha7.arcl classcs as required by NFPA 704 shall be in accorclancc with this z~ppcndix.The appcndis is based on application of the degrees of' hazard as defined in NFPA 704 arranged by hazard class as for specific categories defined in Chapter 2 of the Irzter-nniior?cdFile Corlr and used throughout. F101.2 General. The hazard rankings shown in Table F I0 1.2 havc becn cstablished by using guidelines found within NFPA 704. As noted in Section 4.2 of NWA 704. Lhere could bc spccific reasons to alter the degree of hazard assigned to a specific material; for example. ignition tcmperature, flammable range or susceptibility of a containcr to rupture by all internal combustion explosion or to ~netalfailure while under pressure or because of heat froui external fi1.e. As a result. the degree of lia7ard assigned for the same material can vary whcn assessed by diffcrcnt people of equal competcncc. Tlic hazard rankings assigned to each class iepresent reasonable minimum hazard levcls for a given class based on the use of criteria cstablishcd by NFPA 704. Specific cases of use or storage rnay dictate the use of higher degrees of hazard in certain cases. SECTION F102 REFERENCED STANDARDS IC:C
IFC
International Fire Code
FIOl. l
NFPA
704
Identification of the
FIOl.1. F101.2
Ha~ard.;of'hlatelials for Emergency Re\pon\e
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
APPENDIX F
TABLE F101.2 FIRE FIGHTER WARNING --. PLACARD DESIGNATIONS BASED ON HAZARD--CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES . --
~
ZARD CATEGORY ~
Combustible liquid IllA Co~nbustiblcliquid LllU Combustible dust Cornbustible fiber Cryogenic flammable Cryogenic oxidizing Explosive Flammable solid Flammable gas (gaseous) Fla~nmablegas (liquefied) Flarnnrablc liquid IA Flalnn~ableliquid IB Flainnlable liquitl I C Organic peroxide, UD Organic peroxide I Organic peroxide I1 Organic peroxide 111 Organic peroxide JV Organic pcl.oxidc V Oxidizing yas (gaseous) Oxidizing gas iliquefied) Oxidizer 4 Oxidi;.cr 3 Oxidizer 2 Pyrophoric gases Py rophoric solids, liquids U~lslablcrcactivc 4 D Ullstable reactive 3 D Unstablc rendivc 3N linstablc reactive 2 Water reactive 3 W,iler reactwe 2 Toxic
/Ie Hinhlj loxic _ " _ " - -
F- Flamrnablc catcgoiy. R-Reacdve category. H--ZIealth category. W-Special h:~/:~rcl:water rc:tctivc. OX--Special hazard: oxidizi~igproperties.
1
.
.
-.~-
--
F2 F2 FI FI F3 F4, H3 OX. H3
I I
1
I !
i
i
1
R4 F2 F4 F4 F4 F3 F3 R4 F4, R3 F3, R3 F2, R2 F I , IZ1 Nonhazard OX OX OX OX OX F4 F3 R4 R4 R3 R2 \V. It3 W, R2 H3. COR H3 H4 -
11
I I
I
I I
! ii
I
1
1 1 I
i
!
I
i
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I 11 j
--
C O R Corros~vc.
UD-Unclassified dctonahle material. 4D-Class 4 detonahlc material. 3D-Class ?. detollahlr nx~~el.i;il. 3N--Class 3. nondeto~iableillaterial.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX G
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS-WElGEIP AND VOLUME EQUIWLEMTS 7'11i.s upperadix isfor*irlfarinatioi~purposes urzd is rzot intendedfor adoption.
SECTION 6101
GENERAL G101.1 Scope. This appendix is used to convert from liquid to gas for cryogenic fluids.
6101.2 Conversion. T:ll>lc G101.2 shall be used to dctcrlnlne the equivalent amounts of cryogenic fluids in elthcr the liquid or gab phasc. G101.2.1 Use of the table. To use 'Table G 10 1.2, read horizontally across the line of interest. For examplc, to detcr~ n i n the c number of cubic feet of gas contained in 1.O gallon (3.785 Lj of liquid argon, find 1.000in thc column entitled "Volume of Liquid at Normal Boiling Point.' Reading across the line undcr the column entitled "Volume of Gas at 70°F and 1 atmosphere 11.7 psia," the value of 112.45 cubic feet (3.184 m') is found.
GlO1.2.2 Other quantities. IS other quantities ale of interesi, the numbcrs obta~ncdcan be niultiplied or divided tc:, obtaln the quantity of intercct.Forexamplc. todetermine the nnmher of cubic fcct of argon gas contalncd iu a volurnc ot 1.000 gallons (3785 L) of liquid argon at ilr normal boiling I 12.45 by 1.000 to obtain 1 12,450 cublc fczt point, ~n~rltiply (1184 m').
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
APPENDIX G
.-
TABLE G101.2 WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS FOR COMMON CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
-
-
I VOLUME OF GAS AT NTP~ ~
~
.~
Liters
0.453
Argon
1
11.628 10.340
I
!:652 1
/
11 Helium
1 /
1 I
j
Hydroger~ ,
1
j I1 Nilroeen
. 1
1
/i 1
2.205 0.156 0.591
1 )
1
1.000 2.205 2.517 9.527 8.281 2.9241 l.000
1
2.205 1.782 6.746 7.245
j
]
1.000 2.205 0.275 1.042 1.034 0.365
1
1
i
2.558 . . I.OOO 2.205 j 0.951 3.600 4.356 1 A11.501 -
1 1
1
1 j 1
i
j 1
1 .
I
1 1
1
1
5.274 4.690
1 i
. i 1
1@6. 0.154 1.000 0.125 0.473 0.460 0.166
0.326 0.718 1.000 3.785 3.366
i
.---.Lc3y1.189 ~
1
~
1 1
1
6.409 14.130 1.000 3.785 3.379
1
i
1
1
1 r
0.454 1.000 1.142 4.321 3.756
!.i?
I
1
i . +
11,454 1.000 0.808 3.060 3.286
.!hO
..I 0.44 1.000 0.321 1.633 1.976 5.217
i
!
. .
1
1
1
1 i
11
-
1
1
1
.
_
..1-,416
~
0.105 0.23 1 0.264 1.000 0.869 0.307.
I I I
.
.
1.052 2.320 1.000 3.785 3.580 1.616 -
0.148 0.327 0.264 1.000 1.074 .
.
_
I
1 1
1
I
. . . K:: :-
'
j
1 i1
-
.
i
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0.613 0.264 1.OOO 1.210 0.427
i !
1 I
i
-
-
-
. -
~
5.436 11.984 0.848 3.210 2.832
-
1
0.754 0.861 5.250 2.832
I 1
i.1
~
1
i
..~.. - ~~~
I.O!O. 0.391 0.862 0.697 2.637 2.832
..- ~ ~ ..
I
13.80 30.43 24.60 93.11 100.00 3S.3 1
11
1.000 2.739 6.038 0.754 2.855 2.832 1 .OOO
~
1
-
i
--
I
12.OO 26.62 30.39 1 15.05 100.00
1I
...~--...
1
.
1
~
1I
.
-
191.96 423.20 29.95 113.37 100.00 75.31
1
2.832
I
35.3 1. 96.72 213.23 26.63 100.82 100.00
1
1.693 3.733 0.264 1.000 0.882 0.3 II ...--. ..~ --.--
0.274 0.604 0.841
_
i
1
0.561 1.237 1.000 3.785 4.065
i
-
.
-t. 1 -.
.
1.000 0.992 0.350
1
0.397 0.876 1.OOO 3.785 3.290
1I
0.3 14 0,950 2.1 15
1
9.67 21.32 29.7 1 112.45 100.00
I
- . _
i
8.006 1.000 3.785 3.754 1.326
j
0.454 1.000 0.071 0.268
----
0.086 0.190 0.264 1.000 0.889
1
t
22.968
1
21.812 82.62 100.00 35.31 -
I
I
1
~
'.
~ -I,000 -
~~
~
-~~
0.650 1.434 0.618 2.340 2.832 -1.000 -
1
For SI: I po(uld = 0.-154 kg, I gal1011= 3.785 L, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m', "C = [("Fi-32lf1.8, 1 pound per square inch amosphcre = 6.805 kP21. a. Thc valucs listed for liqueiied natural gas (LNG) are "typical" values. LNG is a mlxtitre ofhydrocal.bon ptlses, and 110two 1.NG s1rc;lm.s h:lve cxaclly thc samc ~o~iip~hitio~~.
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
A ABANDONED PREMISES (see VACANT PREMISES) ABANDONMENT Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.13 ACCEPTANCE TESTING Fire protection system installations . . 901.5, 904.4 Fire pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .913.5.1 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.12.1 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10.4 Smoke control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.18 ACCESS, FlRE DEPARTMENT Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.4 Construction and demolition sites . . . . . . . 1410.1 Doors for . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.2, 2305.4, 2306.6.1 Equipment, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 High-piled storage buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.6 Tire storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2506 ACCESS ROADS, FIRE APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . 503 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.4 Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.2.6 Building openings and roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 High-piled storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306.6 Lumber yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1903.6,1909.3 Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.4 Tents, canopies, membrane structures . . 2403.8.1 ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . 1007 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Standby power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.5, 604.2.6 ACETYLENE (see WELDING) Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605.4 Generators . . . . . . . . . . Table 91 1.1 , 2605.5, 2608 ADDRESS NUMBER (see PREMISES IDENTIFICATION) ADMlNlSTRATlON Alternative methods and materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9. 501.4 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6.1, 401.2, 408.11.1.1, 603.1.2, 2207 .2. 2208.2, 2401.2, 3406.4.7.1 Approved materials and equipment . . . . . . . 104.7 Board of appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 08.1 Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.11 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.6.2, 106 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.2. 105 Right of entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 Unsafe buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 AEROSOL CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 AEROSOL WAREHOUSE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 AEROSOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 28 Classification levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2803.1 Classification of products . . . . . . . . . Table 2803.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 Inside storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804 Manufacturing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2807 Nonsegregated storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .2804.3.1, Table 2804.3.1 Outside storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2805 Permit required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.1 Retail display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2806 Segregated storage . . . . 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2 AGENT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ...... .2903.4,3701.1 AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES (seeTENT) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 AIRCRAFT Defueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5, 1106.1 8 Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1102.1 AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES, FlRE PROTECTION FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .914.8 AIRPORT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 AlRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS . . . . 604.2.18, 907.2.12, 907.2.22, 914.8.1 AlSLE ACCESSWAY ..............Table 1025.19.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 AISLE(S) ....................... .308.3.4. 1014.4 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.9 Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.14.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Fixed seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1004.7 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.11.3.9 High-piled combustible storage . . . 2305.4, 2306.9 Obstruction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.3, 1028.5
INDEX
Tables and seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.4.3 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.12.5 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.9.5 Travel distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.7 Walking surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I025.1 Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1025.6.2, 1025.6.3, 1025.9.1, 1025.9.2, 1027.20,2306.9.1, 3604.1.2 ALARM . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.2. 907.2.11.I, 1505.9.3, 1803.13.2.1,3704.2.2.10.1 Activations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.3.2 Audible . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.2, Table 907.10.1.3 Coded signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.6.2 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.1, 1803.12.3 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.4.2, 901.5, 901.6 Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.3.4 ALARM NOTlFlCATlON APPLIANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM, NUISANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM, SMOKE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB . . . . . . 2701 .I, 3405.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 ALTERATION Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE . . . . . . . . . . .1009.10 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I002.1 ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIREEXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS . . 104.9 AMMONIA Diffusion systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12.6 Refrigerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12.3 AMMONIUM NITRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 AMMUNITION, SMALL ARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3306 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Storage and handling . . 105.6.14, 3301.2.1, 3304 AIMUSEMENT BUILDINGS (see SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING) AMUSEMENT PARK BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . 202 (Assembly, Group A-5) ANNUNCIATOR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 APPEALS, BOARD OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.7 412
Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.6 Commercial kitchen hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609 Cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.3 Fuel-fired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603 Heat producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.6 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.5, 605.10, 3405.3.3 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.3 Unsafe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.7 APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101.2.1 APPLlCABlLlTY (of the code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 APPROVED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ARC WELDING (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK) [B] AREA OF REFUGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1007.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 ARRAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 ARRAY, CLOSED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 ASH TRAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.6 ASHES, HOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305.2 ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES . . . . . . . . . . . .303, 1417.2 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES (GROUP A) Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1025 Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.2.2 Automatic sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2 Candles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Cellulose nitrate film . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.5, 306 Decorative materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .806, 807 Defined . . . . . . . . . 202 (Occupancy classification) Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 10 Emergency evacuation drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Emergency power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.1 Employee training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Evacuation plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Fire alarm systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 Fire safety plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.4.2 Interior finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 LP-gas installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 38 Motion picture projection rooms . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Obstruction of exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.3 Open-flame devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.7 Open-flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3 Panic hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 Permits required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.34 Permits required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.35 Portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Posting maximum occupant load . . . . . . . . 1004.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
INDEX
Prohibit smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Pyroxylin-coated fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.4 Pyroxylin plastic motion picture film storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Seating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Seating plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.2.1 Standpipe systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 Storage, flammable liquids . . . . . . . . . . 3404.3.4.2 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 24 Vehicles in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18.4 ATRIUM FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . .907.2.1 3, 914.4 ATTIC STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 AUDIBLE ALARM NQTlFlCATlON APPLIANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 AUTOMATIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM (see FlRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 (Defined) Table 2306.2, Table 2308.3, 2304.4.3 Obstructions to discharge . . . . . . 315.2.1, 903.3.3 Quick response (QR) and residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.3.2, 906.1 , Table 3404.3.6.3(5) AUTOMATIC SPRlNKLER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1208.2,1414, 1803.10, 1904.3, 2306.4, 2309.2, 4004.1.4 Aerosol warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2804.4.1 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.2, 1803.10.5 Basements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.1.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Dip tank operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 05.4 Gas rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4.1 Group A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903. 2.1 Group E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.2 Group F-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '903.2.3 Group H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.4 Group I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.5 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.6 Group R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903. 2.7 Group S-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8 Group S-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.9 High-piled storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.6.1 Hose threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.6 Installation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3 Limited area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5.1 .1 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. . . . . . . . . . . 903.3.1 .1 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . 903.3.1.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE'
NFPA 13R sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . .903.3.1.2 Pyroxylin plastics . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.4.3, 903.6.1 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8.1 Rubbish and linen chutes . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.10.2 Spray rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 04.4 Water supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5 Windowless stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.10.1 Woodworking operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.3.1 Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.9 AUTOMOBlLE UNDERCOATING (see SPRAY FINISHING) AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 22 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL . . . . . .907.10.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..902.1 AVIATION FACILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 11 (see also AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES) Cleaning parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.3 Combustible storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.6 Dispensing hoses and nozzles . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1103.5 Fueling and defueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5 Radar equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.21
B BACKFLOW PREVENTION . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5, 912.5 BALCONIES . . . . . . . . . . . 308.3.1, 903.3.1.2.1, 1016.3 BARRICADE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Fire apparatus access road . . . . . . 503.5, 503.5.1 Placement at fire scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1 1.1 BARRICADED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BATTERY CHARGING (see POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS) BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATlONARY LEAD-ACID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.5 Room design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.3 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 BATTERY TYPES-Defined Nickel cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Nonrecombinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Recombinant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Stationary storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Valve-regulated lead acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.1 Vented (flooded) lead-acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1
INDEX
BIN BOX Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 BLAST AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLAST SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLASTER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLASTING AGENT (see also EXPLOSIVES) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLEACHERS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 BOILING POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 BOND For ex~losives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.1 For fireworks display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.2 BONDING AND GROUNDING . . . . 1204.2.4, 1206.3.4 Aircraft fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.7.1, 1106.5.2 CNG Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2208.8.1.2.4 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.7.2 Organic coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2004.3 Piping, valves and fittings . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4.7.6 Powdered coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1506.6.4 Roll-coating operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505.11 Underground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1.8 Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.2 BONFIRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.4.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.30, 307.2 BREATHING APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.2 BRIDGES (see ACCESS ROADS, FlRE APPARATUS) BRITISH THERMAL LlNlT (BTU) Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . Chapter 6 BUILDINGS Unsafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Vacant (see Vacant premises) BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM . . . . . . : . . . . . . . Chapter 40 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002.1 BULK PLANT OR TERMlNAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 BULK TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 BULLET RESISTANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BURNING (see OPEN BURNING) BUTANE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
BUTYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
C
.
CABINETS . . . . . . . . .905.7. 906.8. 1105.7.1 3705.3.1 CABINETS, GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.3.5. 1803.10.2. 1803.13.1.3, 2703.8.6, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2, 4106.2.2, 4106.4.1 CANDLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.32. 308. 806.3 CANOPY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM Commercial cooking systems . . . . . . . . . . .904.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CARNIVALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.4.2403.3 CARTON Combustible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2806.5 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CEILING LlMIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CELLLlLOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS [see PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 02.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHANGE OF USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 02.3 CHEMICAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CHEMICAL NAME Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CHIMNEYS ....................... .603.2,603.6 Factory-built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.4 Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.1 Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.2 CHRISTMAS TREE (see DECORATIVE VEGETATION) CHUTES, RUBBISH AND LINEN. . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 CLASSIFICATION Commodity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 Dry cleaning plants and systems . . . . . . . . 1203.2 Dry cleaning solvent or liquid . . . . 1202.1, 1203.1 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . 3402.1 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2701.2 Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Refrigerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.3 CLEAN AGENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CLEANING Flammable liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.3
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
INDEX
Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11.6.3 Powder coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1506.5.1 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2211.2.1 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7.2 Tire rebuilding buffing areas . . . . . . . . . . . .2503.3 CLEARANCE Storage to ceiling or sprinklers . . . . . . . 315.2.1, 903.3.3, 3404.3.5.3 CLOSED CONTAINER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.5.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CLOSED SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.7.6 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CNG MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES . . 2208 COLD DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1906.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, GROUP $3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.2, Table 405.2, 408.3 COMBUSTIBLE DUST Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 3 02.1 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 3 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.6 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 29 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 General precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.7 Portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903.6 COMBUSTlBLE LIQUID . . ,2206,2404.17, Chapter 34 Classified locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.1.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Dispensing. use. mixing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3, 3405.3.8 Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.5 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.5 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.4 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.16 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.7 Special operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406 Tank storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2 Waste control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 Wholesale and resale use . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.6 COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL . . . . . .304. 1605 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.2 COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 COMMODITY Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014..3, 1025.8, Table 1027.17.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 COMPRESSED GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 30 Containers, cylinders, tanks . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 Medicalgas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3004 Useand handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3005 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3003.6 COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) . . . . . . 3001 . 1 CONFLICTING PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.9 CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.1. 907.2.7.1 907.2.8.3, 907.2.11. I , 907.2.18.2, 907.2.23, 907.11, 907.12, 909.20.3, 91 3.4, 3404.2.8.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION FIRE SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 14 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05.4 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3, Table 3404.3.6.3(4),3404.4, Table 3404.4.2 CONTAINMENT PALLETS Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . 3404.4.3 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.2.3 CONTAINMENT SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 CONTAINMENT VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM (see GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS) CONTROL AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 COOKING Appliances, commercial, defined . . . . . . . . . 602.1 On balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1 Commercial, fire extinguishing systems . . . 904.11 Commercial. hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609 Commercial, portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11.5
.
INDEX
Devices. LP-gas fired. on balconies . . . . 308.3.1.1 Devices. open-flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1 CORRIDOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 CORROSION PROTECTlON Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.1.2.5 Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.1.3.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.6.5 Tanks and piping. . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.9, 3406.7.1 CORROSIVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3102.1 CORROSIVE MATERIALS Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3104.1 Indoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3105.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3104.2 Outdoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3105.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3103 COTTON, BALED . . . . . . . . . . Table 2703.1.1 (I), 2905 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COTTON, DENSELY PACKED BALED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COTTON, SEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2903.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS Automatic sprinkler system . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.2.1 Emergency planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.11 Emergency voicelalarm communication system . . . . . 907.2.20, 91 4.2.3 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.9 Standby power systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.14 Standpipe system . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.3.3, 91 4.2.2 CROP-RIPENING AND COLORING PROCESSES (see FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING) CRYOGENIC CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.5 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.5 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 32 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Filling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.4 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.2 Indoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205.2 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3 Outdoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.3 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.10 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3203 Underground storage tanks . . . . . . 3204.4, 3204.5
CRYOGENIC VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 CYLINDER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1
19 DANGER, IMMINENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110.2 DAY BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 (Magazine, Type 3) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DECORATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 Exit obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 28.5 DECORATIVE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 DECORATIVE VEGETATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 DEFLAGRATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DELAYED EGRESS LOCKS . . . . 907.2.15, 1008.1.8.6 DELUGE SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 14 DESIGN PRESSURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DETACHED BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Group H occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.2 Storage . . . . . 3904.1 . l , 4004.1 . l , Table 4004.1.2 DETEARING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 DETECTOR, HEAT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DETONATING CORD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DETONATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3302.1 DETONATOR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DIPTANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 DIPPING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 DISCHARGE, EXlT (see EXlT DISCHARGE) DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (see RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL) DISCHARGE SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DISPENSING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.5
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
INDEX
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203.1 Motor fuel-dispensing operations . . . . . . . . . 2204 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205. 2705 DISPENSING DEVICE. OVERHEAD-TYPE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 DiSPLAY SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DISPLAYS Aerosol products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2806 Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.3. 4203.1 Fireworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.11.3306.5 Indoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4. 2404.1 8 Retail . . . . . . . . . 2701.4. 2806 3301.2.2. 3308.1 1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.1 1.3 DOOR, BALANCED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 DOORS, EXIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 DORMITORIES (see OCCUPANCY CLASSlFlCATlON GROUP R-2 and COLLEGE AND LlNlVERSlTY BUILDINGS) DRAFT CURTAIN Construction. design and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910.3. 2306.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 DRAINAGE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2003.10.
.
2005.3, 2704.2.2.6, 3405.3.8.1, 3406.2.6, 3406.4.9 DRAINS Dip-tank bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1505.3.2 Exhaust duct sprinkler system. . . . . 1803.10.4.4.3 HPlU liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.2.2.2 Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.1 Outdoor cryogenic fluid storage containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3.1.3 Portable containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3.2.2 DRAPERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.1.1028.5 DRILLING, WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3 DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DRY CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 12 Classifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 02.1 Requirements. general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 Requirements. operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205 Solvent or liquid classifications . . . . . . . . . . 1202.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Spotting and pretreating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207 DRY CLEANING PLANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1202.1 DRY CLEANING ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1202.1 DRY CLEANING SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 02.1 DRYING APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.6.1.2 DRYlNG OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS) DRYlNG ROOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .914.10 DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.12 DUMPSTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3.3 DUST COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . .2903.5, 3606.5.3 DUST EXPLOSION HAZARDS . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 13 Explosion venting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903.2.1 DWELLING UNIT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRINKLER (ESFR) (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS) EGRESS (see MEANS OF EGRESS) ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.14 Dust producing machines . . . . . . . . . . . .3606.5.5 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609.8 Workstations in HPM facilities . . . . . . . . . 1803.7.2 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507 ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 ELEVATOR RECALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION . . . . . . . . .1803.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EMERGENCY EVACUATlON DRILL . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402.1 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.5.4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 4 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING . . . . . . . .2206.6.2.5, 3404.2.7.4
INDEX
EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE . . . . . . . . . . .2207.5.1, 2703.2.2.1, 3203.4.6, 3205.3.2, 3503.1.3, 4003.1.2, 4103.1 .1 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.2.2.2206.7.4 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNlCATlONS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 2.1 High-rise building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.2.12.2 Special amusement buildings . . . . . . . . 907.2.1 1.3 EMPLOYEE TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 ENTRY, RIGHT OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 EQUIPMENT, FUELED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 ESCAPE OPENINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 ESFR SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS) ETHYLENE Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606 EVACUATlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 EVACUATION DRILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405.2. Table 405.2 Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405.6 Recall and reentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 05.9 EVACUATION PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 EXCESS FLOW CONTROL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 EXCESS FLOW VALVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 EXISTING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022 Number required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019 Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021 EXIT ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORS . . . . . . . I 0 08.1015 EXIT DISCHARGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXIT ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 418
Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXIT, HORIZONTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 EXIT PASSAGEWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXPANDED PLASTIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 EXPLOSION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .2702.1 EXPLQSlON CONTROL . . . . . . .911, 2005.4, 2704.6, 2705.2.1.2, 2705.2.2.3, 3404.2.5, 3405.3.7.5.2, 3405.3.7.6.2, 3504.1.1, 3904.1 .10, 4004.1.3, 4304.1.2, 4404.1.6 EXPLOSlVE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . 1407, Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS. . . . . . . . Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 EXTENSlON CORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.5 EXTlNGUlSHERS (see FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE) EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2308.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.5.1
FABRICATION AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 05.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.3.1 Electrical wiring and equipment . . . . . . . . 1803.7.1 Existing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1801.4 Gas detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.13.1.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 04.2 FACILITY Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FAIL-SAFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.2.1, 3704.2.2.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.4 FALLOUT AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 FALSE ALARM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FILM, CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Projection rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.2 FINES (in woodworking operations) (see also VIOLATION PENALTIES) Defined (in woodworking operations) . . . . . 1902.1 Storage and processing (in woodworking operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
INDEX
FINISHED PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.6 FlRE ALARM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.4 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 FlRE ALARM BOX (see MANUAL FlRE ALARM BOX) FlRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE ALARM SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE ALARM SYSTEM Annunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.1 .1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Existing buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.20.1! 907.20.5 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.15 Notification appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10 Out of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.5 Presignal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.8 Telephone dialing devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.16 Testing . . . . . . . . . 907.2.10.4, 907.20.2, 907.20.5 Where required, new building . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 07.2 Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.9 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 Gates and barricades . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5, 503.6 Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.4 FIRE AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE CHIEF Authority at fires and other emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1 1 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE CODE OFFICIAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE COMMAND CENTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FIRE DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . .907.2.12.3 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTlONS . . .903.3.7,912 FlRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FIRE DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS . . . . 104.11,401.4 FlRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE DOOR ASSEMBLY Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE DRILL (see EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL) FIRE EQUIPMENT, TAMPERlNG WITH . . . . . . . .90 1.8 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 27.16 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE"
FlRE EXIT HARDWARE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. PORTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Asphalt kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303.5 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105 Buildings under construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415 Commercial cooking equipment . . . . . . . 904.11.5 Dry cleaning plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208.4 Flammable finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.4.1,
1505.4.2, 1506.4.2 Lumber yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1904.2, 1908.8 FlRE EXTlNGUlSWlNG SYSTEMS, ALTERNATIVE ........................... 904 Commercial cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11 Fire alarm system interconnection . . . . . . . 907.14 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.7.5.1,3404.3.8.4 Flammable finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.4,
1505.4.1, 1506.4, 1507.4 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2705.1.8 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.1 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.2 FlRE FIGHTERS Hazardsto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 01.3 FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.3 FlRE HYDRANT Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.4 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.15, 105.6.35, 105.7.10 Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.8 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.2,901.5 FIRE INVESTIGATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 04.10 FIRE LANE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FlRE PARTlTlON Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FIRE PROTECTlON SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 9 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Nonrequired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.4.2 Out of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Owner's responsibility during construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1408 Permit . . . . . . 105.7.1)105.7.4, 105.7.5, 105.7.12 FIRE PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.5, 913 FIRE RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.6.3 FIRE, RECREATIONAL (see RECREATIONAL FIRE) FIRE, REPORTING OF UNWANTED . . . . .401.3. 1409 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATEDCONSTRUCTION . . . 703
FIRE RETARDANT COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.4 FlRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 4 FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 07.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5 FIRE, UNWANTED (see UNWANTED FIRE) FlRE WATCH Construction/demolition sites . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.5 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Fire protection impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Hot work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2604.2 FIREWORKS (see EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Prohibited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.3 Retail display and sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308.1 1 FIREWORKS DISPLAY Damage from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 FLAME RETARDANT (see also FlRE RETARDANT COATINGS) Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures . . . . . . . 2404.2 FLAMING FOODS AND BEVERAGES . . . . . . . .308.6 FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 FLAMMABLE FINISHES . . . . . . . . .914.7, Chapter 15 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 Dipping operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 Electrostatic apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507 Floor surfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 Powder coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506 Protection of operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503 Spray finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.7, 1505.7, 1506.7, 1507.7, 1509.6, 1510.5 FLAMMABLE GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 35 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3502.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3503 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406.1, 3504 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406.1, 3505 FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3502.1 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 34 Buildings under construction or demolition . . 1405 Classified locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Dispensing, use, mixing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3, 3405.3.8 In construction and demolition operations . . . 1405 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Labeling and signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.5
Motor fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2206 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.4 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.7 Special operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406 Tank storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2 Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures . . . . . . 2404.1 7 Waste control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 Wholesale and resale use . . . . . . . . . . . . 3404.3.6 FLAMMABLE MATERIAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FLAMMABLE SOLID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 36 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3602.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3604.1 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3603 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3605 FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.8.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.2.1 Ignition sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.7, 1505.7 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.7 FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 FLASH POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.4.2 FLEXIBLE JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . 2206.7.9.1 .4, 3403.6.9 FLOOR AREA, GROSS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FLOOR AREA, NET Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FLOOR OPENINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 FLUIDIZED BED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . .904.7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FOAM PLASTICS . . . . . 803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1, 808.2 FOGGING, THERMAL INSECTICIDAL (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING) FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A002.1 FRUIT AND CROP RlPENlNG . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 16 Ethylenegas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
INDEX
Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.18 Sources of ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607 FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.2, 603.6 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.5 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.1 FUEL LIMIT SWITCH Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FUEL OIL STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.3 FUMIGANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL lNSECTlClDAL FOGGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 17 Breathing apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703.3.2 Clean up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7 03.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7 03.3 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.19 Sealing of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703.5 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.1 Watch personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.3 FURNACE CLASS A Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .2102.1 FURNACE CLASS B Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNACECLASSC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNACECLASSD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNlSHlNGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .808 FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 FUSIBLE LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703.2, 904.5.2, 904.6.2, 904.1 1.6.5
G GARAGE (see REPAIR GARAGE) GARAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3811 LPG tank vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 1.3 Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.3 GAS CABINET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.6, 3003.7.10, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2, 4106.2.2, 4106.4.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802.1 Emergency alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 HPM gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.13 Ozonegas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3705.3.2 GAS METERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.9 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
GAS- OR LIQUID-FUELED VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4.2404.18 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.26 GAS ROOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4, 3704.2.2.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 GATES, FIRE APPARATUS ROAD . . . . .503.5,503.6 GATES, MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 08.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 3 GENERATORS Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2608 Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606 Portable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2608.2 Stationary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.1. 1 GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1509.4 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1509.6 GRANDSTAND Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 GUARD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 002.1
H HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 HAND RUB. ALCOHOL-BASED (see ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB) HANDLiNG Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HANDRAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 HANGARS, AIRCRAFT (see AIRCRAFT RELATED OCCUPANCIES) HANGERS, FIRE EXTINGUISHER . . . . . . . . . . .906.7 HARDENING TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 05.9 HARDWARE, EXIT DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.8 HARDWARE, PANIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 HAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903.4 Combustible waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.5.2903.4 HAZARD COMMUNlCATlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement . . 407.5 Hazardous Materials Management Plan . . . 407.6 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Fire-extinguishing systems . . . . .2704.5. 2705.1.8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 27 Identification signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.5 Outdoor control areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.12
INDEX
Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.20 Personnel training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4 Power systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.10 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2703 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704 Use, dispensing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.5,2701.5.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.6,2701.5.1 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 HAZARDS TO FIRE FIGHTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 HEALTH HAZARD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HEAT VENTS (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS) HEATERS, PORTABLE ELECTRIC SPACE . . . 6 05.10 HEATERS, PORTABLE UNVENTED . . . . . . . . . .603.4 HEATING EQUIPMENT, TEMPORARY, DURING CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403 HELIPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 Permit for rooftop heliport . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.40 HELISTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1107 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 HI-B OY Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303.7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE . . Chapter 23 Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306.9 Automated storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2309 Automatic sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.4, 2309.2 Classifications. commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306, Table 2306.2 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2305 HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2304 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.22 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Automatic sprinkler system . . 903.2.10.3, 91 4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system, floor control valves required . . . . . . . . . . 903.4.3 Automatic sprinkler system. secondary water supply required . . . . 903.3.5.2 Emergency evacuation drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Emergency voice/alarm communications system . . . 907.2.12.2, 91 4.3.3 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.12, 91 4.3.2 Fire alarm system zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.9.2 Fire command center . . . . . . . . . . . 509.1. 91 4.3.5 422
Fire department communications system . . . 907.2.12.3. 91 4.3.4 Fire safety and evacuation plans . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Smokeproof exit stairway enclosures . . . 1020.1.7 Standby power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.15 Standpipe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.3.1 HIGHLY TOXIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 37 Compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3704 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 Indoor storage and use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3703.1 Outdoor storage and use . . . . . . . . . . . . .3703.2.5 Solids and liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3703 HIGHWAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.5 HOGGED MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1907, 1908 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 02.1 HOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 HOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2207.5.2,2210.3.3 Aircraft fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 Conductive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5.2.1 Connections for standpipes . . . . 905.3.4.1, 905.4,
905.5, 905.6 Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3, 2206.7.5 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.7, 3406.6.1 .11 System . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.8.4, 904.9.3, 904.10.3 Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.6 HOT WORK (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.23 HOT WORK AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK EQUIPMENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK PERMITS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK PROGRAM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HPM FACILITY (see SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY) HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 02.1 HPM ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 02.1 HYDRANTS (see FlRE HYDRANT) HYDROGEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3201 . I , 3501 .1 HYDROGEN MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2209 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
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I IGNITION SOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 lNClNERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.8 Room egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.3 INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.9.8, 2703.10.3.6,2703.11.3.7, 2704.2.2.2, 2704.4, 2705.1. I , 3003.7.1, 3404.2.6, 3404.3.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 INDUSTRIAL OVENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 21 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2106 Fuel piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2104 Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2103 Operation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107 INHABITED BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 INITIATING DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 INSECTICIDAL FOGGING (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTlClDAL FOGGING) INSPECTION . . . 104.6.2, 105.2.2,106, 107.2.1, 901.6 Emergency and standby power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.3.1,604.4 Fire department connections . . . . . . . . . . . .912.6 Fire hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.2 Fireworks display . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308.5.3. 3308.9 Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609.7 Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3304.9 Masonry chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.1 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.7 INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCIES Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FlNlSH AND TRIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803. 804 lRRlTANT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ISO-BUTANE (see LlQUEFlED PETROLEUM GAS) INVESTIGATIONS, FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 04.10
K KETTLES (see ORGANIC COATINGS OR ASPHALT) KEYBOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506.2 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506.1 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE @ODE@
LABELED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 LADDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.3. 1015.4. 1015.6.1, 1019.1.2, 1026.5, 1027.16.6, 3404.1.8.15 LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE) LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, VALVE-REGULATED (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE) LEAKS Compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1 2 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.10 Explosive materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.10 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . 1106.11.I. 1405.6. 2205.2.3, 2206.7.7.1 3403.3, 3403.6.3.1,3404.2.7.10, 3404.2.11.5,3406.6.1.1 Highly toxic and toxic materials . . . . . .3704.2.2.3. 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.2 LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103.4 LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 LINEN CHUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 38 Containers not in service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3810 Cooking devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3802.1 Dispensing and overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3806 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3808 Installation of equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3803 Location of containers . . . . . . . 3804. Table 3804.3 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 2207 Parking and garaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3811 Prohibited use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3805 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809 LIQUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LIQUID- OR GASFUELED VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4.2404.18 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.26 LlQUlD STORAGE ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE . . . . . . . . .3404.3.8 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1
.
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LISTED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 LOADING RACKS . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.3.8. 3406.5.1 . 12 LONGlTLlDlNAL FLUE SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 LOW-PRESSURE TANK Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 LOWER EXPLOSlVE LIMIT (LEL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LP-GAS (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 19 Access plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 03.7 Emergency plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 08.10 Fire alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1904.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903 Log storage areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 Open yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 03.1 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.25 Size of piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1907.2, 1908.3 Waste removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1903.3
M MAGAZINE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 MAGNESIUM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3602.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3606.2, 3606.3, 3606.4 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606.5 MANIFOLDS Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2609.4 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2609.5 Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609 MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 MANUAL STOCKING METHODS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 MANLIFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 20 MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 0.6 Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210.4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 0.1
Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1 0.3.3 MARKING (see also PLACARDS, PLACARDING) . . . . . .503.3. 909.14. 2703.5.1 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.2 Cryogenic containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4 Shaftway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.2 Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.2 Treads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.11.3 Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.7.2 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) . . . 2 7 03.4 Aerosols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2801.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HMlS component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2701.5.2 MATTRESSES (in Group I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1, Tables 2703.1 .l(1) through 2703.1 1 MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . Chapter 10, 141 1,2403.12 Accessible means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Bleachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.1 .1 Buildings under construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1 Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7,1027.1 0 1 7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Egress court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1,1024.5 Elevators, escalators and moving walks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1003.7,1027.2 Emergency escape and rescue . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 Existing buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027 Exitaccess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 Exit discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013, 1027.6 Handrails . . . . . . 1009.10, 1010.8, 1012, 1025.13 Illumination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006 Locks, latches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.8 Maintenance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028 Obscuration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.5 Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004.9 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION (see REFRlGERATlON SYSTEM, MECHANICAL) MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'
INDEX
MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 MERCHANDISE PAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1014.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002 METERS, GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.9 MILLS Composite board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 Plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2006 Veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 MIRRORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.5 MOBILE FUELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 MODlFlCATlONS (of code requirements) . . . . . 104.8 MORTAR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS AND FILM . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Film storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.2 MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES (see also by type of fuel) . . Chapter 22 MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 MULTIPLE-STATIONSMOKE ALARM . . . . .907.2.10, 907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1
N NESTING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 NITROCELLULOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2008.1,2009.4 NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (N'TP) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 NOSING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 NOTICE OF VIOLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2 NOZZLES Fuel delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.6 Fuel transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3 Marine craft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 0.3.3 NUISANCE ALARM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1
0 OBSTRUCTIONS TO SPRINKLER DISCHARGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.1, 903.3.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
OCCUPANCY. CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY) OCCUPANCY CLASSlFlCATlON Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Assembly Group A Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Business Group B Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Educational Group E Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Factory Industrial Group F Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 High-Hazard Group H Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Institutional Group I Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Mercantile Group M Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Miscellaneous Group U Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Residential Group R Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Storage Group S Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OCCUPANT LOAD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT (see FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES) OPEN BURNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.30,307.2 Precautions in tire storage areas . . . . . . . . 2504.. 1 OPEN FLAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.804.3.1104.6. 2003.6, 2703.7.2, 3304.7.2, 3406.2.1 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.5 Group A occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.7 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.31. 105.6.32 OPEN SYSTEM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OPERATlNG BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Separation distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3305.3 OPERATING PRESSURE Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ORDERS AND NOTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2.2 ORGANIC COATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 20 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2002.1 Electrical equipment and protection . . . . . . . 2004 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003 Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006 Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 20 425
INDEX
Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.33 Process structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005 ORGANIC PEROXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508, Chapter 39 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3902.1 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3904.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3904.2, Table 3904.1.2, Table 3904.2.4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3903 1Jse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3905 OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2702.1 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.12 OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS) OVERCROWDING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Prohibited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107.6 OWNER Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OXIDIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 40 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002.1 Indoor storaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4004.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . Requirements . . . . . . . Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OXIDIZING GAS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . OZONE-GAS GENERATOR Automatic shutdown . . Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . Manual shutdown . . . .
.
P PANIC HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 PARKING AND GARAGING . . . . . .3406.2.1, 381 1.2.1 PASS-THROUGH Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802. 1 PERMlSSlBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 PESTICIDE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PHYSICAL HAZARD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4.7.6,3705.4 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007.1 Protection and security . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.16.3 Protection from vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.9.3
PLACARDS; PLACARDING (see also SIGNS) Cryogenic fluid containers . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4.2 Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5, 3304.6.5.2 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403.5.3, 3404.2.3.2 Vacant buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.5 PLANS (see also CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS) Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.4.1 Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.3.1 Facility closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.7 Fire safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.3.2 Hazardous materials management . . . . .3305.2.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3305.2.2 Prefire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1408.2 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2208.8.1.2.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3404.4.1 PLASTICS Cellulose nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 42 Classifications of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2303.7 Foam . . . . . . . . . . .803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1 , 808.2 Manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced . . . . . 1511 Pyroxylin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.37, 903.2.4.3, 903.6.1, Chapter 42 PLOSOPHORIC MATERlAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.2.17, 1904.1 PORTABLE FlRE EXTlNGUlSHERS (see FlRE EXTINGUISHERS) PORTABLE TANKS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Design. construction and capacity. . . . . . 3404.3.1 Empty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3.4 Flammable liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.5 Flow rate . . . . . . 3704.2.2.7.5, Table 3704.2.2.7.5 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Local exhaust . . . . . . . . . . 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.3 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . 3404.4. Table 3404.4. 3704.3.4 Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3.10,3404.3.7.2.3 POWDER COATlNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Battery charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..302.1 Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.4 Refueling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.5 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.3 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE . . . . Chapter 3.1404. 1405.4, 2504 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
INDEX
.................
PREMISES IDENTlFlCATlON 505 PRESSURE VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PRIMARY CONTAlNMENT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 PRIMARY TANK Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 PROCESS Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 Raw materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2008, 2009 PROCESS TRANSFER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5 PROPANE (see I-IQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) PROPELLANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 PROPYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) PROXIMATE AUDIENCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3308.2.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS . . . . . . . . 403 PUBLIC WAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 PYROPHORIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4102.1 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4104.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 41 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4104.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4103 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4105 PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.36 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS Decorative materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.3 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4204.2 Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4204.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4203 Storage and handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4204
Q QUICK-RESPONSE SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS)
R RACK STORAGE ........2308. 2804.4.3. 3404.3.3.6 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
RAlLWAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3302.1 RAMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1010, 1023 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 RAW PRODUCT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 Storage and processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1908 READY BOX Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 RECALL, FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.9 RECORD DRAWINGS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . 104.6, 104.6.3, 107.2.1, 405.5, 604.3.2,606.15, 901.6.2, 1106.5.3.2.2, 2603.5, 2703.3.1.1 , 3303 RECREATIONAL FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 REDUCED FLOW VALVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 102.6, Chapter 45 REFINERY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 REFRIGERANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.2 Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.8 Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.11 Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.4 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.9.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERlAL . . . . .2703.3 REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5 REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 REPAIR GARAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 Gas detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 1.7.2 Sources of ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 1.3 Sprinklers required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2211.4.3 REPORTING Aviation facilities fire extinguisher use . . . . 1105.8 Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 .1 Firealarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.10
INDEX
Record keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3303 RESIN APPLICATION AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 RESPONSE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 RESPONSIBLE PERSON Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 RETAIL DISPLAY AREA (for aerosols) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 Manufacturing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2807.1 Maximum quantities . . . . . . 2806.2. Table 2806.2, Table 2806.3 REVOCATION OF PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.5 RIGHT OF ENTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 ROADWAYS, ACCESS FOR FlRE APPARATUS (see FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD) ROCKETS AND ROCKETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.4 ROLL COATING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I502.1 ROOF VENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910, 1016.2 ROOFING OPERATIONS SAFEGUARDS . . . . . . 1417 ROOFS Required access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.1 Safeguarding operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417 Stairway access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.3 RUBBISH (TRASH) Chutes, automatic sprinkler protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3303.7,3305.6.6
Underground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.4.1 SEGREGATED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2204 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 18 Automatic sprinkler system . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.10 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I802.1 Emergency alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 03.12 Emergency power . . . . . . . . . . . '604.2.8, 1803.15 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803 Manual fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.11 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.21 Quantity limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1804.2.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1804 Transportation and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.3 Use and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805 SERVICE CORRIDOR . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.3.8, 1803.9.
1803.12.1. I , 1805.3.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802.1 SHAFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 SHAFTWAY MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.2 SHELF STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2307 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Specialty storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310 SIGNS (see also PLACARDS, PLACARDING) Access roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5.1 Alarms and warning . . . . 904.3.4, 1607, 1703.3.1,
2205.6. 2210.5.5.1, 3403.5.1 SAFETY CAN Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SCISSOR STAIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1015.2.1 SEATING, FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 SECONDARY CONTAINMENT Above-ground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . .2704.2, 2704.2.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.4, 2705.2.2.5, 2705.3.5, 2705.3.7 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.2.2.3 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704 2 2 . 4 Type It dry cleaning systems . . . . . . . . . . 1207.2.3
Electrostatic apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507.5.2 Emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.7, 607.2 Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.3, 101 1, 2403.12.6 Fire alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.4.4 Fire department connection . . . . . . . . . . . . .912.4 Fire-resistance-rated construction . . . . . . .703.2.1 Foam plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .808.2 Hazardous identification . . . . . . . . 2703.5, 2703.6,
2703.1 1.3.10, 3203.4.1 Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 26.3 Lead-acid battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.6 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.3 No smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.3, 2208.8.1.2.6,
2305.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1 Placards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.4 Stairway exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1011.3,1011.4 Storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.3, 3406.3.7
2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
INDEX
Street or road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505.2 Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2.4 Vacant buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.5 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.7 SlLANE GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4106 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.2 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.1 Use and dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.4,4106.5 SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM . . . . . . .907.2.10,
907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SLEEPING UNIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 SMALL ARMS PRIMERS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.5.1.3 Group R-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.4.2 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.5.2.3 SMOKE ALARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10, 907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS . . . . .910, 1016.2, 2306.7 SMOKE BARRIERS Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.5 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703. 1.2 Opening protectives in . . . . . . . . . .703.2, 909.5.2 Pressure differential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.18.6 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 SMOKE DETECTOR . . . . . . . .907.2.6.2.3.907.2.12.1.
907.2.18.1, 907.12 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.6.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 SMOKE REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910.4.6 SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3306 Storage and handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304 SMOKING . . . . . . . . . . . 310, 1103.2, 1106.3.8, 1404.1,
1503.2.6, 1903.5.3, 2210.5.5.1, 2504.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1, 3406.6.1.9 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.3 SOLID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SOLID SHELVING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.2.2.1 Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.2.2 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS, DRY CLEANING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202.1 SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.1 1, 914.7.2 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.2 Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.13, 914.7.1 SPECIAL INDUSTRlAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 SPILL CONTROL Carts and trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.10.3.4 Dry cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1207.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . 3403.4, 3404.3.7.3, 3404.3.8.2, 3404.4.3, 3405.3.7.5.3, 3405.3.7.6.3, 3405.3.8.1, 3406.2.6, 3406.5.1.5 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . 2704.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.3, 2705.2.2.4, 2705.3.4, 2705.3.6 Lead-acid battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 Service stations and repair garages . . . . . . 2205.3 SPILLS . . . . . . . . . . 1104.4, 1405.6, 2009.4.2, 2210.5.2 2404.1 8.5.3 SPONTANEOUS IGNITION HAZARDS . . . . . . .304.3.1, 305.2, 1404.4 SPRAY BOOTH Areas adjacent to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.1.3 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.3.2.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.3.5.2 SPRAY FINISHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504 SPRAY ROOM Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.3.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.3.5.2 SPRAYING SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 STAGES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR . . . . 905.3.4,914.6 STAIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 STAIRWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 Identification . . . . . . . 1020.1.5, 1027.18, 1027.21 STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 STAIRWAY, INTERIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 002.1 STAIRWAY, SPIRAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1
429
INDEX
STANDBY PERSONNEL (see also FIRE WATCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.20 STANDBY POWER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .604.2705.1.5 STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 STANDPIPE, TYPES OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 STANDPIPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 Buildings under construction/demolition . . . . 1413 STATIC PILES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 02.1 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1908.6 STATIC PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1.7 STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS (see BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD ACID) STEEL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 STILLS, DRY CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . 1204.2.4, 1207.1 STORAGE Aerosol, inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804 Attics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Baled combustible fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2905 Boiler rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Calcium carbide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2607.1 Combustible materials, miscellaneous . . . . . . 315 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3004 Concealed spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Corrosive materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3104 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3204 Cylinder and container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2605.2 Detached structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2904.6 Electrical rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Exterior, finished lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909 Flammable gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3504 Flammable solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3604 Foarn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.1.2.1 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.3 Hazardous materials definition . . . . . 2702.1, 2704 Hogged material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .f 907, 1908 In buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2 Logareas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 Loose combustible fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2904 LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809 Means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15.2.2 Mechanical refrigeration rooms . . . . . . . . . 6 06.10 Mechanical rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Nitrocellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.4 Organic peroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.5. 3904 Outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.3 Oxidizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "4004 Pyrophoric materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4104 430
Pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics. . . . . . . . 4204 Semiconductor fabrication facilities . . . . . . . . 1804 Silane gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.2.4106.3 Specialty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310 Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009.2 Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2505, 2509 Under floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Unstable (reactive) materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4304 Water-reactive solids and liquids . . . . . . . . . . 4404 Wood chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907, 1908 STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.5 Room design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.3 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 STRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.5,2903.4 Waste material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1 . 1 SUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 SUPERVISING STATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SERVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1
T TANK Abandonment . . . . . . . . 3404.2.13. 3404.2.13.1.4 Above-ground . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.2, 2206.2.3. 2206.2.4,2703.2.4.2, 3104.2.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.1, 3404.2.9, 3404.2.1 3.2 Anchoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.8.5 Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.1.2 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1. 3003.4.2 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.6.1 Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.6.2 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Design and construction . . . . . 2703.2.1, 3404.2.7, 3404.2.9.6.1 Diking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.1 0.2 Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.5.5.2 Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.8, 3406.5.4 Drainage control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.5 Empty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.5, 3404.3.3.4. 3404.4.8 Filling operations . . . . . . . . . .2205.1, 3406.6.1.10 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
INDEX
Inside buildings . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.2, 3404.2.9.4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.4, 3404.2.7 Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.11 Low pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2003.9 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.2 Openings . . . 2206.6.2.1, 3404.2.7.5, 3404.2.9.6.9 Out of service . . . . . . . . 2703.2.6.1, 3404.2.13.1.1 Outside buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.5 Overfill protection . . . . 3404.2.7.5.8, 3404.2.9.6.6, 3404.2.11.4, 3406.6.1.5, 3406.8.3, 3406.8.5 Permanent and temporary . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.4 Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.6.3 Piping, valves and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.6.2 Portable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.5, 3404.3 Preparation for fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2210. 5.6 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509.3, 3404.2.7.2 Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.14 Repair. alteration or reconstruction . . . 3404.2.7.6 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.3 Solvent storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1207.3 Stationary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3704.2.2.7.4 Storage . . . . .2009.2, 3404, 3406.3.2.1. 3406.3.5 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.12 Underground . . . . . . . . . . . . 2206.2.1, 2703.2.4.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.2, 3404.2.1 1, 3404.2.13.1 Vaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.4 Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.3, 3406.5.1 .15, 3406.5.1.16. 3406.6 Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.3, 3404.2.7.3.6, 3404.2.8.9, 3406.2.4.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.2. 508.5.3 TANK, ATMOSPHERIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK CARS (see also BULK TRANSFER) . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1 Loading racks or stations. . . . 2009.3, 3406.5.1.12 TANK, PORTABLE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK, PRIMARY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE-GROUND Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 TANK, STATIONARY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK VEHICLE .2004.3.2, 3406.5.1.16.1, 3406.6 Aircraft fuel-servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105.4 Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5. 1.15 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1
....
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.8, 3406.5.4 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.4 Garaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1,3811.3 Loading racks or stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1 Parking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.3, 3811 Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1.9 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1 .16 Use as storage tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.2 TAR KETTLE [see ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES] TEMPORARY HEATING EQUIPNIENT . . . . . . . . . 1403 TEMPORARY WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.9,140 4.7 TENANT SPACES, VACANT (see VACANT PREMISES) TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 24 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.8.1 Air-supported structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.10 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.2 Crowd managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.20 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.2 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.19 Heating and cooking equipment . . . . . . . . 2404.15 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.8.3 LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.16 Means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.1 2 Occupant load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.14 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.43 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . .2404. 8.12 Seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.1 1 Structural stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.9 Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.22 TESTING, ACCEPTANCE (see ACCEPTANCE TESTING) THEFT RESISTANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING . . . . Chapter 17 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 TIRE REBUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2503 Precautions against fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504 TIRE STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 25 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2506 Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2507 Indoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2509 Outdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2505 Precautions against fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504
INDEX
TIRES. BULK STORAGE OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 TOOL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 TORCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.4 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.31 TOXIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 37 TRAINING, EMPLOYEE EMERGENCY . . . . . . . . . 406 TRANSPORTATION Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . 1805.3,2703.10 LP-Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3801.1 TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 TRASH (see RUBBISH) TRAVEL DISTANCE, EXIT ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . 1016 TREATMENT SYSTEMS . . . . . . .606.12.4, 1803.14.3, 3703.1.3, 3703.2.3.2, 3704.2.2.7, 3704.3.2.5 TROUBLE SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 TURNSTILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.3 '
U UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE . . . 2703.3.1. 3406.2.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS . . . . . .404.2, 604.2.16, 905.3.5, 907.2.18, 907.2.19 . 909.20. 91 4.5 UNLAWFUL ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 09.1 UNSAFE HEATING APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . .603.7 UNSAFE BUILDINGS (see BUILDINGS) UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL . . . . . Chapter 43 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4302.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4304.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4304.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4303 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4305.1 UNVENTED HEATERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.4 UNWANTED FIRE Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.3, 1409 UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE (see FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED) USE, CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF USE) USE (MATERIAL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1
v VACANT PREMISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Abandoned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.1.1 Fire protection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.2.2 Placarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.5 Removal of hazardous materials . . . . . . . . .311.4 Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.2 Tenant spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 . 1.2 Waste removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.3 VAPOR AREA, FLAMMABLE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I502.1 VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9.1 VAPOR PRESSURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9.2 VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9 VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION (see IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE) VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4 Compressed natural gas motor . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 Gas-fueled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18 Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3803.2.2 Liquefied petroleum gas motor . . . . . . . . . . . 2207 Liquid-fueled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18 Overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2207.7 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313.1 Tank . . . 2009.3, 3406.5.1.15, 3406.5.1.16,3406.6 VENTILATION Battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.6 Dry cleaning . . . . . . 1204.2.1, 1205.2.3, 1206.3.3 Electrostatic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506.7 Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.14, 1803.15.2 Floor surfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I510.5 Hazardo~~s materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4.2, 2703.8.5.2, 2703.8.6.2 2705.2.1. I , 2705.2.2.2 Indoor dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2705.1.9 Indoor storage areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.3 Industrial ovens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % I 0 3.1 Mechanical ventilation for reinforced plastics manufacturing . . . . . . 1511.5 Powered industrial trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.3 Process structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2005.5 Refrigeration machinery room . . . . . . . . . . 606.13 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 1.4.3. 221 1.7.1 Spray finishing . . . . 1504.1.4.3, 1504.2, 1504..2.4, 1504.6.3, 1506.10 VENTS, SMOKE AND HEAT (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS) VIOLATION PENALTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.3
INDEX
VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1
WAREHOUSE Aerosol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1, 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2. 2804.4 Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . 2804.6. 3404.3.8, 3404.3.8.5, Table 3404.3.6(2), Table 3404.3.6(3) WARRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104. 3.1 WASTE MATERIALS, COMBUSTIBLE . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.45,304.140 4.2 WASTEBASKETS AND WASTE CONTAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3,808.1 WATCH, FlRE (see FlRE WATCH) WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . Chapter 44 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4402.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4404.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4404.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4403 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405 WATER SUPPLY Buildings under construction or demolition. standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508, 1412 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.1 Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5 Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.4 WEATHER PROTECTiON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.13, 2705.3.9, 3308.5.2, 3308.5.2, 3404.4.7, 3406.5.1.2, 3703.2.5, 3704.3.3, 4104.2.2, 4105.2, 4106.3.4, 4106.5.2 WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK . . . . . Chapter 26 Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605 Electric arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2606 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.1 1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2603, 2604 Tire storage yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2504.2 Warning signs in flammable finish operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.2.7 WELL DRILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3 WET-CHEMICAL EXTlNGUlSHlNG AGENT . . . . 904.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 WET FUELING (see MOBlLE FUELING) WET HOSING (see MOBILE FUELING) WHARVES . . . . . . . . . . . .2210.3.1, 2210.5.5, 3406.4.7 WINDOW WELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1026.5 WINDOWLESS STORIES OR AREAS . . . . . .903.2.10, 1027.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@
WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 WIRING, ELECTRICAL Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605 WOODWORKING FACILITIES (see LUMBER YARDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.3.1 WORKSTATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1
Z ZONE. FlRE ALARM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1
2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@
