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A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents This 1909 work forms a second supplement to Hall’s Studies in English Official Historical Documents. It gives examples of a wide range of English ministerial and judicial documents from the ninth to the seventeenth centuries. These are arranged according to type and purpose, the majority in Latin. The intention is to assist the user of such archival materials, by familiarising them with the format and language used in each kind of document, and explaining why and how they were written. The 80 transcriptions were made by palaeography students at the London School of Economics, and classified and edited with extensive notes by Mr Hall. They are not literal transcriptions, as contractions have been expanded, and the punctuation and capitalisation modernised. To save space standard formulas have not been repeated each time. Despite the lack of any illustrations of originals, the book filled a need long felt by students of history.
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A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents Volume 2: Mi n isterial and Judicial R ec ords E dited by Hubert Hall
C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R SI T Y P R E S S Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108010238 © in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010 This edition first published 1909 This digitally printed version 2010 ISBN 978-1-108-01023-8 Paperback This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated. Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.
FORMULA BOOK OF
MINISTERIAL AND JUDICIAL RECORDS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS lonfiDlt: FETTER LANE, E.C. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER
100, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. lUipjtjj: F. A. BROCKHAUS &tia ffiotfc: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Bombag atrt Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., L T D .
All rights reserved
A FORMULA BOOK OF ENGLISH OFFICIAL HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS PART II
MINISTERIAL AND JUDICIAL RECORDS SELECTED AND TRANSCRIBED BY A SEMINAR OF THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
EDITED BY
HUBERT HALL, F.S.A. OF H.M. PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE READER IN PALEOGRAPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
CAMBRIDGE : AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1909
Cambrtfige: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
PREFACE
T
HE objects and plan of this work, together with the methods of investigation pursued by the transcribers and Editor, have been sufficiently explained in the Preface to Part I, and the nature of the documents selected for the purpose of the present volume is briefly stated in the introductions to the several sections. It is only necessary therefore to make a few general observations here on either subject. In the first place, it should be remembered that the ministerial and judicial Records which now occupy our attention instead of Charters, Writs and Letters, have not usually been considered worthy of a " diplomatic " examination. When, however, such an examination is applied, even in the slight degree that has been attempted here, the familiar Record assumes in many cases a very different character from that in which it has hitherto been regarded by the historical student. But it was not enough to have merely indicated a method of investigation. Some attempt to carry it out on a connected plan had to be made, although the undertaking was known to be beset with many difficulties. The unrecognized character of this branch of diplomatic study must furnish some excuse for the obvious artificiality of the design of this compilation. Its limitations also are considerable owing to the fact that the evolution of judicial procedure is a subject that still occupies the anxious attention of legal scholars and scarcely permits of trivial discussion for the information of lay students, especially as numerous formulas are given in classical editions as well as in recent histories of English Law. Under these circumstances it has seemed desirable to leave this professional subject to be dealt with on some later occasion. In the meantime, however, students of constitutional history and law will find many interesting formulas amongst the documents included in the present volume. They will also find, in an Appendix, three
vi
Preface
documents which have been carefully selected to illustrate the course of the actual procedure in certain forms of action and which are, in point of arrangement, of a novel and instructive character. It must once more be clearly pointed out that the personal or local interest of the documents themselves is not material to the objects of the compilation. At the same time considerable pains have been taken to present specimens of historical and constitutional value, with what success must be ascertained from the Table of Contents. Efforts have also been made to facilitate the perusal of the texts by means of modern punctuation, whilst certain combinations of Old French words have been indicated by apostrophes. It must be admitted, however, that the difficulties in the way of securing uniformity in respect of conventional extensions and mediaeval orthography have proved almost insuperable, whilst the practice of the mediaeval scribes themselves herein is notoriously irregular. This circumstance has prevented any consistent rendering of such letters as c and t; but it will be noticed that in the present volume the accented e (in imitation of the "tagged e" of a more conscientious generation of mediaeval scribes) has been abandoned in deference to friendly criticism, whilst purely conventional forms like " Oxonia " have been tolerated for the same reason. The same students of the Seminar, promoted by the Committee of the Advanced Historical Teaching (London) Fund, have taken part in the transcription of the texts of the Second Part of the Formula Book. They join with the Editor in expressing their sincere appreciation of the kind interest and assistance in their labours that they have experienced at the hands of the authorities of the Archives and of the London School of Economics with which the Committee for Advanced Historical Teaching has cooperated. They have also to express their sincere thanks to Mr C. Johnson of the Public Record Office for reading the Proofs, and to the Officials and Reader of the University Press for invaluable assistance. H. H. September, 1909.
TABLE OF CONTENTS I.
MINISTERIAL
PROCEEDINGS.
A. ROYAL SURVEYS, INQUISITIONS AND ASSESSMENTS. (a)
AGRARIAN SURVEYS. PAGES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Precept of Charles the Great for Surveys of the Imperial Villas to be made in every year (812) Formula of an Imperial Survey (812) Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901-8) Extent (Hidage) of the Abbey of Burton (1004) . . . . Official Description of Whittlesea-mere (1022) . . . . Survey of the Manors of the Church of Peterborough (c. 1125) . Survey of the Manors of the Priory of Christchurch, Canterbury
(1211) Extent {Valor) of a Manor in the King's hands (c. 1250) . . Survey of the Manor of Ospringe (c. 1240) Extenta Manerii (?temp. Edward I) Survey of the Manor of Pishobury (1296) Survey of Commons in Holkham (1584) Account, Inventory and Lease of the Manor of Tilshead, forfeited by the Alien Priory of Holy Trinity, Caen (1298-9) . . . {b)
3, 6 3, 6 3, 7 4, 7 4, 9 4, 10
4, 10 4, n 4, 11 5, 13 5, 14 5, 17 5, 19
FISCAL INQUISITIONS.
(i) Assessments on the Hide and Plough. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Precept of Charles the Great for an Inquisition of Beneficia and Formula of the Survey of a Royal Monastery (812) . . The Domesday Inquest: Domesday Book and its 'Satellites' (c. 1086) Geld Inquests (c. 1066-1084) Exchequer Breviates of Domesday Book (i2th-i3th cent.) . . Hidage Books (nth-i2th cent.)
22, 23 22, 24 22, 27 22, 28 22,28
viii
Contents PAGES
19. 20. 21.
The Winton Book (temp. Henry I) Inquisitions for Carucage (1198-1220) Local Assessments (1273)
22, 31 23, 32 23, 34
(ii) Assessments on the Knight's Fee. 22.
Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Bishop of Bayeux (temp. Henry I) 23. Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Honour of Arundel (temp. Henry I or II) 24. Inquisition of Knight's Service (1166) 25. Inquisition of Military Tenures (1212) 26. Inquisition for Assessment of the Aid of 1235 . . . . 27. Inquisition for Assessment of the Subsidy of 1431 . . .
36 36, 38 36,38 36, 39 36, 40 36, 41
(iii) Assessments on the Value of Property. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Procedure for the Collection of a Subsidy of a Ninth (1297) . The Manipulation of a Parliamentary Subsidy by the Crown (i3°i-4) The Nomina Villarum (1316) The Taxatio Pape Nicholai (1291-1318) The Inquisitiones Nonarum (1341) The Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535) (c)
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
43, 44 43,48 43, 54 43, 55 43, 58 44, 62
FEUDAL INQUISITIONS.
The 'Worcester Relief (c. 1095) The Rotulus de Dominabus (1185) Formular for Escheators (1259) Inquisition Post Mortem (1270) Inquisition Que plura, post mortem (1565) Inquisition for 'Proof of A g e ' (1251) Certificate of Homage taken (1424) Inquisition on taking the Veil (1383-4) Assignments of Dower (1391-2) Distraint of Knighthood (1293) Composition for Knighthood (1632) Summons of Knights to attend the Court (1293) . Inquisition as to the duties of a Serjeanty (1247) Regard of the Forest (temp. Henry I I I ) Inquisition of Non compos mentis (1271) Inquisition De Lunatico inquirendo (1694) Inquisition Ad quod Dampnum (1241) Inquisition Ad quod Nocumentum (1252) . .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
68,69 68,70 68, 70 68, 71 68, 72 68,73 68, 74 69, 74 69, 76 69, 77 69, 79 69, 81 69, 82 69, 83 69, 86 69, 87 69, 89 69, 89
Contents
ix
B. ROYAL ACCOUNTS. PAGES
52. 53. 54. 55.
Documents connected with the passing of an Account at the Exchequer in the 12th century Documents connected with the Account of the Bailiff of the Queen's 'Liberty'of Feckenham (1368-69) Documents connected with the Account of the King's Chamberlain for Wines (1253-54) Documents connected with the Accounts of the Hanaper of the Chancery (1358-1844)
93,99 94,102 97, n o 97, 115
II. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. C. POLITICAL OR STATUTORY INQUISITIONS. (i) Administrative or Remedial Inquisitions. 56. 57. 58. 59.
The Inquest of Sheriffs (1170) The Hundred Rolls (1255-1279) and complementary Records 'Kirkby's Quest' (1284-5) Instruments connected with the 'Trial of the Pyx' (1660) .
(ii)
. .
126, 133 126, 135 128,148 129, 153
Confiscatory or Punitive Inquisitions.
6 0 . T h e T e r r e N o r m a n n o r u m e tB r i t o n u m ( 1 2 3 5 ) . . . 61. Inquisitions of Grievances ordained by the Provisions of Oxford (1258) 62. Inquisition De Rebellibus (1265-66) 63. The Trial of the Judges (1289-93) 64. Inquisitions of Templars' Corrodies (1309) 65. Inquisitions of Contrariants' Lands (1322) 66. Extents of Aliens' Possessions (1295) 67. Proceedings under the Statute of Labourers (1355) . . • 68. Inquisitions of Depopulation (1517-18)
.
129, 159
130, 159 130, 163 130,167 131, 168 131, 171 131, 173 131, 174 131, 178
D. JUDICIAL INQUISITIONS. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.
The Chapters of the Eyre (12th cent.) The Old and New Chapters (13th cent.) Presentments in a Fiscal Eyre (1218) Special Commission as to the observance of the Statutes (1300) Inquisition concerning the liberties pertaining to a Serjeanty (1251) Inquisition and Pleadings thereon (1194) Proceedings connected with the Robbery of the Treasury (1303) A Coroner's inquest on a corpse (1524) Inquisition De odio et atia (1246)
192, 193 192, 194 192, 202 192, 203 193, 205 193, 207 193, 207 193,208 193, 209
x
Contents PAGES
78. 79. 80.
Inquisition De medietate concerning a Jewish 'Starr' (1283) . Proceedings in the Manor Court of Ospringe (c. 1240) . . Inquisition before the Queen-Dowager's Steward at Oxford (1334)
193, 209 193, 210 I93,2ii
APPENDIX. 1. The Record of an Action for Trespass by Bill of Middlesex (1412)
2. 3.
The Record of an Assize of Novel Disseisin (1402) . . . The Record of Actions upon the Writ of Pracipe in capite and the Writ of Right, with further proceedings by the Grand Assize (1237-44)
213,214
213, 217
214, 222
I. MINISTERIAL PROCEEDINGS A.
ROYAL SURVEYS, INQUISITIONS AND ASSESSMENTS
T H E very miscellaneous collection of official documents that have been grouped for the purpose of diplomatic study under the above heading will be found to follow, more or less closely, a general plan of official procedure. In the first place, we should expect to find an ' originating writ' in the shape of a royal precept, but this is often wanting in early documents or is replaced by a historical narrative or by an official heading. In some cases, such as inquisitions ex officio and judicial presentments, the Return is made without a special precept. Secondly, there should be found, as an Appendix or schedule to the Writ, certain directions for the enquiry which in later times were given in the shape of 'Articles' or 'Chapters' (No. 57), but which may be compendiously expressed in a Forma Inquisitionis (No. 15 (6)) or recited in a mere preamble (No. 19). In other cases, however, these instructions are given seriatim in the Writ itself (No. 41). This should also contain a direction as to the date and place of delivery of the Return, and a memorandum of execution was in later times more frequently endorsed upon the Writ by the returning officer with a description of the form and extent of the accompanying Return ' in the Schedule'(No. 27). This Return, the third feature of an Inquisition, represents the verdict, recognition, or presentment of the Jurors whose names should form part of the ' Record.' Naturally the latter was of varying aspect and bulk, and it is known by various titles according to the subject of the Writ. For the purpose of the present compilation, however, these Records have been classified according to their Constitutional or Economic characteristics. Moreover an attempt has been made in at least one of the following sections to show the connexion of the actual Returns (which have usually been regarded as isolated Records) with related documents. In this way the student will be enabled to realize both the initial Ministerial H. F. II.
I
2
Select Formulas of
Proceedings connected with individual cases and the sequel in the shape usually of Judicial Proceedings or even of a mere Statement of Account. It will be easily realized that the arrangement of the following documents is intended to follow the broad outlines of the development of feudal taxation from the primitive theory of a royal revenue derived from the proceeds of royal estates, through the successive devices of the assessment of hides and ploughs and knights' fees, to the more scientific and general levy in the shape of a land tax and property tax based upon a tithe or other poundage. But the royal Inquisition itself may also be made to serve other ministerial purposes which cannot always be clearly distinguished from the well-known aspect of the 'original writ' as a judicial agency. Thus we have to deal with a large group of feudal inquisitions of a legal or constitutional character; and we must find a place, in this section, for the most extensive and, in some respects, the most important class of ministerial Records—the Accounts of the Exchequer,—a continuous series of official documents that reaches from the middle of the 12th century to the middle of the 19th. (a)
AGRARIAN SURVEYS
In spite of any variation in the constitutional and economic conditions which affected the Anglo-Saxon and the Frankish agrarian systems respectively, we might reasonably have expected to find some traces of a periodical agrimensuration in connexion with the administration of the royal domains in this country before the n t h century. The failure to make any such discovery is possibly due to the non-survival of a collection of Old English royal archives, for the muniments actually preserved by certain churches do not afford any precise information on this point. Even the Anglo-Saxon law-books that were so carefully reconstructed during the AngloNorman period have not appended any formulas analogous to those which have survived amongst the Frankish capitularies. At the same time a few monastic surveys in the nature of statepapers may be found before the Norman Conquest, and one of these (No. 3)1 is clearly of the conventional agrarian type seen in the Frankish capitularies and reproduced in Anglo-Norman revenue-rolls or fiscal inquisitions (Nos. 52 and 15 (3)). But, although we can 1 This Beddington Survey has been universally accepted as an authentic document though it should be noticed that neither the source nor the form are beyond suspicion.
Agrarian Surveys
3
recognize the conventional formulas of an inventory of crops and stock in English Exchequer records of the late n t h and 12th centuries, it is only with the series of'Royal Extents' in the 13th century (No. 11) that we find a complete parallel to the survey of a Frankish imperial villa under the Carolingian dynasty, and the corresponding official formulas are found only amongst the Edwardian statutes' of uncertain date'(No. 10). The earliest documentary specimens printed here are therefore of a somewhat miscellaneous and disconnected character. The Writ enjoining the survey is not always forthcoming, nor are a Form or Articles of Inquisition necessarily found, the existing document being frequently in the form of an isolated Return. Finally it is important to remember that a close connexion naturally exists between the Agrarian Survey and the Fiscal Inquisition or the Account. Such a connexion may also be found to exist in the case of Feudal or Political Inquisitions in which the state of the agrarian economy is a special subject of enquiry1. 1 and 2. Capitulare de Villis (807).—Chapter 62 of this wellknown ordinance of Charles the Great contains an interesting ' form of inquisition' for the survey of the imperial villas. It is not clear whether the formula of a hypothetical survey that follows is actually connected with the above precept, but in any case the group of formulas from which it has been selected possesses an independent value. This survey is closely related to an inquisition printed below (No. 14), but we are concerned here with the agrarian aspect of the subject. The striking resemblance between this inventory of stock and those met with in English 12th and 13th century Accounts (No. 52) will be easily noticed. 3. Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901—8).—Apart from the vexed question of the authenticity of the Winchester Cartulary, it is evident that the diplomatic composition of this charter is open to suspicion in its Latin form. On the other hand, the Anglo-Saxon version preserves a preferable reading of the stock entry, and if the document is to be accepted as a contemporary transaction this may perhaps be the true form. This Old English version should also be compared in respect of the description of the stock and crops with the 12th century Account for the bishopric of Lincoln printed below 1
Many of the Agrarian Surveys have now been thrown out from the official collection of Inquisitions Post Mortem to form series of ' Ancient Extents' and ' Miscellaneous Inquisitions.' I
2
4
Select Formulas of
(No. 52 (c)), and with the early 13th century Account Rolls of the church of Winchester itself (No. 52 (a)). 4. Extent and Hidage (Offlow Hundred) of Burton Abbey (1004). —A later Burton hidage list will be referred to in another connexion (No. 18 (a)), but here attention need only be called to the royal promulgation of the alleged extent of the estates of the Abbey as conveyed by its benefactor's will. A survey of land in these primitive terms may be regarded as in keeping with the system of' hidation ' in this period1. 5. Survey of Whittlesea-mere (1022).—This ' Charter' is another official promulgation of the extent of the holding of a religious house and may be regarded as an interesting local variant of the conventional Anglo-Saxon Extent. It will be seen from other local inquisitions (Nos. 15 (c) and 53) that the value of such fisheries was considerable. 6. The Peterborough Survey (c. 1125).—Reference should be made to Mr Stapleton's edition for the circumstances under which this Extent was made. It may be compared also with the earlier Prankish surveys on the one hand, and with the Christchurch survey of nearly a century later on the other. It will be gathered from Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 13 that it was usual for an Extent and Inventory of stock to be prepared on the occasion of an escheated estate being committed to the custody of a minister of the Crown or even of an exchange or lease effected by a subject. 7. The Canterbury Survey (1211).—This Inquisition should be compared with the preceding document (No. 6), and both are closely connected with the feudal inquests which combine an agrarian Extent with a statement as to feudal liabilities (Nos. 35 and 36). It is of interest on account of its early date and the archaic form of the enquiry. 8. An Extent to ascertain the Valor (c. 1250).—This is the simplest form of an agrarian Survey, although it may be regarded as an exceptional expedient which was more frequently resorted to in later times for feudal purposes. 9. The Ospringe Extents (c. 1240).—These interesting Extents have apparently been preserved by being accidentally copied into the Testa de Nevill. The originating Writs have not been traced, but the 1
Cf. Mr W. J. Corbett in Transactions R. Hist. Soc, N.S. xiv. 187 sq.
Agrarian Surveys
5
inquisitions were evidently connected with some local manorial enquiry in the middle of the reign of Henry III. The judicial aspect of these inquisitions is the subject of a separate document (No. 79), from which it would appear that the enquiry was made by means of Articles which were apparently administered to the jurors in the manor court. This procedure is of interest as an anticipation of the conventional or statutory Articles issued at a later date (Nos. 10 and 36 ; cf. also No. 57). 10. Extenta Manerii.—This reputed Statute is well-known as a mediaeval agrarian Formular and affords an instructive comparison with the Carolingian models previously referred to (Nos. 2 and 14). It should be further compared with the Formular for royal Escheats preserved in the Annals of Burton (No. 36). An example of an Extent made on these conventional lines will be seen in the case of the document immediately following (No. 11). Reference may also be made to the conventional forms of an agrarian Account (No. 52), and Stock-lease (No. 13 (b)), showing the several assets of the manorial economy (cf. also No. 62). 11. Extent of the Manor of Pishobury (1296).—This may be regarded as a typical agrarian Survey, including a separate Return as to the state of the buildings and the stock found at a certain date. An interesting memorandum made at the Exchequer is appended to the Record, describing the circumstances under which this manor was committed to the custody of a royal keeper. 12. Survey of Holkham Commons (1584).—This 'Special Commission' is one of a type commonly found in the 16th and 17th centuries, and it may possibly have served a political object akin to that of the Tudor and Stuart inquisitions relating to inclosures (No. 68). Mr H. Gray of Harvard University has kindly identified this Survey with an original plan still preserved at Holkham {Report of Hist. MSS. Coin., Var. Coll. IV. 321). The preparation of a plan in connexion with a royal survey is a special feature of these Records in the 16th and 17th centuries. 13. Extent and Stock-lease of an English farm by an Alien Priory (1298-9).—Several interesting Extents of lands in England are preserved with the muniments of continental monasteries. In the present case the foreign archives actually supply particulars respecting a certain manor which were purposely omitted in the contemporary Extent among the English Records owing to the fact that it was let to farm.
6
Select Formulas of
1. Precept of Charles the Great for Surveys of the Imperial Villas to be made in every year. (812.) [Capitulare de Villis, c. 62.] Ut unusquisque judex per singulos annos ex omni conlaboratione nostra, quam cum bubus quos bubulci nostri servant, quid de mansis qui arare debent, quid de sogalibus, quid de censis, quid de fida facta, vel freda, quid de feraminibus in forestis nostris sine nostro permisso captis, quid de diversis conpositionibus ; quid de molinis, quid de forestibus, quid de campis, quid de pontibus vel navibus; quid de liberis hominibus et centenis qui partibus fisci nostri deserviunt; quid de mercatis ; quid de vineis; quid de illis qui vinum solvunt ; quid de feno; quid de lignariis, et faculis; quid de axilis, vel aliud materiamen; quid de proterariis; quid de leguminibus; quid de milio, et panigo; quid de lana, lino, vel canava; quid de frugibus arborum; quid de nucibus, majoribus vel minoribus; quid de insitis ex diversis arboribus; quid de hortis; quid de napibus; quid de wiwariis; quid de coriis; quid de pellibus; quid de cornibus; quid de melle et cera; quid de uncto, et sui, vel sapone; quid de morato, vino cocto, medo, et aceto ; quid de cervisa; de vino novo et vetere ; de annona nova et vetere; quid de pullis et ovis, vel anseribus, id est aucas; quid de piscatoribus; de fabris ; de scutariis, vel sutoribus; quid de huticis, et confinis, id est scriniis ; quid de tornatoribus, vel sellariis ; de ferrariis et scrobis, id est fossis ferrariciis, vel aliis fossis plumbariciis; quid de tributariis; quid de poledris, et pultrellis, habuerint—omnia seposita, distincta et ordinata—ad Nativitatem Domini nobis notum faciant; ut scire valeamus quid vel quantum de singulis rebus habeamus. [Pertz: Monumenta Germaniae, Leges (1835) /. / / . 185-6.] 2. Formula of an Imperial Survey (812).—[Beneficiorum fiscorumque regalium describendorum Formulae1.] Invenimus in illo fisco dominico, casam regalem cum cameris 2, totidemque caminatis, cellarium 1, porticus 2, curticulam interclusam...infra cameras 2,...mansiones feminarum 3: capellam...alias intra curtem casas ligneas 2, spicaria 4: horrea 2, stabolum 1, coquinam 1, pistrinum i,curtem...desuper solaria lectum paratum [etc.] Utensilia : concas aereas [etc.] Conlaboratu : spelta vetus de anno praeterito corbes 20, quae possunt fieri farina pensas 100. Praesenti anno fuerunt de spelta corbes 20; seminavit ex ipsis corbes 10, reliqua repperimus. Sigilis modios 160; seminavit 100, reliqua repperimus. Ordeo modios 450; seminavit 300, reliqua repperimus. A vena modios 200, seminavit totidem. Lardum vetus ; de praeterito anno baccones 60; novello de nutrimine baccones 50, cum minucia et unctis; de censu baccones 15, cum minucia et unctis. Sunt simul baccones tantos. 1 The description of the buildings and furniture, etc., has been abbreviated as well as the latter portion of the stock account.
Agrarian Surveys
7
De peculio. Jumenta majora, capita 44; putrellas trimas 10, bimas 12, anniculos 15, poledros bimos 7, emissarios vel burdones 2, boves 24, vaccas cum vitulis 6, alia animalia 5, porcos majores 90, minores 70, vervices cum agnis 150, anniculos 200, multones 8, capras cum hedis 20, anniculos 16, hircos 5, aucas 10. Haec est summa de supradictis villis. Sunt in summa: spelta vetus de praeterito anno corbes tantos, unde possunt fieri de farina pensas tantas; frumentum vetus; et sic de ceteris omnibus, praeteritis et praesentibus vel reliquis, numerabis. [Monumenta Germaniae, Leges (1835) / . / / . 179, 180.] 3. Survey of the Manor of Beddington (901—8). In nomine Domini. Ego Denewulfus episcopus indico Edwardo regi, domino meo, de terra ilia Beaddinctun de qua egisti apud me ut ego earn tibi commodarem. Unde, mi care, nunc a conventu Wintonie optinui, et apud seniores et apud juniores, quod ipsi bono favore concedunt michi ut earn tibi per cartam tradam quamdiu vixeris, sive ad possidendum sive ad commodandum, alteri cuicunque tibi magis placuerit. Hujus terre sunt lxx hide et est modo tota bene procurata; que quando dominus meus michi earn tradidit omni peccunia caruit et pauperibus hominibus erat destitutum. Tune ego ipse peccuniam in ea reparare studui: unde interim pauperes vixerunt, et nunc nos earn tibi libenter concedimus. Set nunc familia ipsa expetit te ut, post dies tuos, loco suo iterum restituatur. Modo habetur ibi pecunia, quantum pro hyeme residuum fuit, ix veteres boves, et iiij, et exj, veteres porci, et L arietes, preter jus porcorum quos porcarii debent habere, et xx bacones. Non fuit ibi frumenti quid, nisi quantulum fuit preparatum ad firmam episcopi. Sunt autem ibi xc acre seminate. Nunc vero rogamus. [A n obsecration follows in an Epistolary style.] [Add. MS. 15,350, fo. 96 b(C. S. 618).] 4. Extent {Hidage) of the A bbey of Burton. (a) Confirmation by King Aithelred II of the will of Wulfric Spot (1004). Postquam malesuada veneniferi serpentis [etc.] Ego ^Ethelred rex Anglorum offero ipso Domino nostro Jhesu Christo libertatem monasterii cujusdam, vulgari usu aet Byrtun appellatur (sic), ut sit semper, cum omnibus que sibi subjacent villulis, prediis, campis, silvis, pratis, pascuis, aquarum decursibus, piscationum hostiis et cunctis necessitatis humane utensilibus, eterna securitate liberrimum ; ut illud nobilis progeniei minister Wlfric extruxit et exstru[ctum] collegio
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instituit monachico, dominium loci et in eo habitantium mee regali committens dominationi.... Hec autem sunt nomina villarum que prefatus minister ipsi sancto devotissime subegit monasterio. ^Erest Byrtun [as in (&)]. Scripta siquidem est [etc.] anno incarnatione Christi millesimo iiijt0 [etc\ Horum testimonio [etc.]. (b) The Will of Wulfric Spot. In nomine Domini. Her swutelath Wulfric his hleofan hlaforde his cwyde And thys synd tha land the ic geann into Byrtune: th[aet] is aerest Byrtun the th[a] mynster onstent & Straettun [etc.] aet thaere Wic & Waededun, & th[a] lyttle land the ic ah on other Niwantune [etc.] & th[a] aet Scengtune [etc.] twegre manna daeg, ealswa tha foreword sprecath, & Deorlafestun & th[a] thaerto hereth, th[aet] is Rudegeard & min lyttle land on Cotewaltune & Lege, mid eallon tham the thaerto hereth, ac ofre mid tham thaerto hereth, th[aet] is Hilum [etc.], & th[a] heregeat land aet Suthtune [etc.], & eall seo socna the thaerto hereth, & th[a] land thyderinn aet Willesleage [etc.] into Mortune, & th[a] aet Tathawyllan, & th[a] land aet ^Eppebbyg, the ic gebohte mid minum feo, & th[a] aet Westune & Burhtun & seo hid aet Scearnforda into Wiggestane, and th[a] aet Hereburgebyrig [etc.] & an hida aet Sceon. And ic geann tham hirede in Tomwyrthin th[a] land aet Langandune, ealswa hi hit aer me to leton & habban, hi thone bryce healfne & healfne tha munucas into Byrtune, ge on mete, ge on mannon, ge on yrfe, ge on eallon thingon; & se Bisceop fo to his lande aet Bubandune, & fon tha munucas into Byrtune, to tham the on tham land is, ge on mete, ge on mannon, ge on eallon thingon; & th[a] land tham Bisceope aet thaere syle And into tham mynstre aet Byrtune an hund wildra horsa, & sexten tame hencgestas, & thaerto eall th[aet] ic haebbe on libbendan & on licgendan, butan than the ic becweden haebbe [Charter of AZ theired II dated 1004, reproduced in the Ordnance Office Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon MSS. Vol. III.] (c) Hidage of Offlow Hundred. Thus fela hyda sind in Offalawe hundred. In Bromlege iij hidae; Alrewaes iij hidae; Wicgintun & Hopewaes v hidae ; Waleshale & Wodnesbyri ij hidae; Wilinhale ij hidae ; Fulcwipaginel xviij hidae ; Preostes land of Wulfrenehamtum viij hidae ; the bisceop xxv hidae; Elleford iij hidae; Heorlauestun iiij hidae; Thorp iij hidae ; Cliftun viij hidae; Siricescotan ij hidae; Aclea ij hidae; Hwiccenofre ij hidae; Rideware, th[aer] we reste, other half hide ; Rodberdes land ix hidae & an half; Se Abbud of Byrtun vj hidae ; Scenstan iiij hidae. [Ibid, in dorso.]
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Official Description of Whittlesea-mere (1022).
Hie comprobatur quod ^Elfsius abbas de Burch, quartam partem stagni de Witelesmere, cum omnibus aquis et paludibus in circuitu attinentibus, emit ab optimate Regis nomine Thored, data scilicet ei terra de Overtune, et pecunia quantum eis convenerat. Sicque adjunxit istam partem ejusdem stagni illi parti quam Deo amabilis presul Adelwoldus summopere acquisierat ipsi monasterio in Burch [etc.]. Predicta ergo emptio stagni ita confirmata est Lundonie, coram rege Cunut [etc.]. Quod si quis [etc.]. Hujus pacti sunt testes [etc.]. Hie autem ipsarum aquarum vel paludum terminus describitur, ne quis ignorantia ledatur. Quomodo stagnum quod vocatur Witelesmere cum suis piscuariis, paludibus, et aquis terminatur. In septentrionali parte stagni, est aqua nomine Merelade, exiens de amne Nen, ubi terminus septentrionalis est ipsius stagni. Hec vero cum suis paludibus illi adjacet, habens in fine piscuarium unum quod dicitur ^Ethemuthe. In orientali parte illius sunt duo stagna que vocantur Wellepol et Trendmere. Inter hec stagna est aqua angusta duorum stadiorum longa que vocatur Trendmere Bece, habens in se duo piscuaria. Est etiam ibi aqua angusta, unius miliarii longa, que vocatur Falet, habens in se unum piscuarium. In ilia parte inter Witlesmere et Kyngesdelf, ubi terminus est orientalis, est spatium paludis trium miliariorum in latitudine, habens in se aquam angustam que vocatur Thescuf et sjlvam que dicitur Ragreholt. In australi vero parte illius est aqua angusta trium stadiorum longa que vocatur Scelfremere Bece, habens in se duo piscuaria. In cujus fine est stagnum quod vocatur Scelfremere, habens ad suam australem plagam aquam angustam que vocatur Ubbemere-lade, dimidii miliarii longa. In hujus etiam capite, id est in fine stagni, est unum piscuarium. Ad hujus aque medietatem, in longitudine, est locus e contra in palude qui vocatur Aldwines Barwe, ubi australis est terminus. In occidentali autem parte illius est aqua angusta duorum stadiorum longa que vocatur Trendmere Bece, habens in se unum piscuarium. In cujus fine est stagnum quod dicitur West Trendmere. Sunt in ilia parte etiam aque quarum nomina sunt Dreigmere, Wellepol, Withibuscemere, Langemere, Keninges et Musclemere. Est etiam ibi aqua unius miliarii longa usque ad terram, Deop Bece vocata, habens in se unum piscuarium. In hujus aque fine est terminus occidentalis paludum et aquarum ad Witlesmere pertinentium. [MS. Soc. Antiq. Liber Niger Mon. S. Petri de Burgo, fas. 19—20 (Camden Society's Publications O.S. 47. Appendix, pp. 182-3).]
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6. Survey of the Manors of the Church of Peterborough (c. 1125)Hec est descriptio maneriorum Abbatie de Burhc, desicut Walterius Archidiaconus ea recepit et saisivit in manu Regis. In Kateringes sunt x hide ad geldum Regis. Et de istis x hidis tenent xl villani xl virgas terre. Et homines isti ad opus domini arant de unaquaquebusvirga, ad tremeis, iiij acras. Et preter hoc, in yeme, inveniunt iij vicibus carrucas ad opus domini, et iijbus ad tremeis, et semel in estate. Et homines isti habent xxij carrucas unde operantur. Et omnes isti homines operantur iijbus diebus in ebdomada. Et preter hoc reddunt per annum de unaquaque virga, de consuetudine, ij s. et iij obolos. Et L gallinas reddunt omnes homines, et Dc ova et xl. Et preter hoc ^Egelricus tenet xiij acras, et inde reddit xvj d. cum ij acris prati. Et est ibi unus molendinus cum molendinario, et xx s. reddit. Et viij cotsetes, quisque de quinque acris, et operantur semel in ebdomada, et bis in anno faciunt brasium. Et quisquis istorum dat j d. pro capro; et si habuerit femellam, ilia dat obolum. Et est ibi j bercarius, et j porcarius, qui tenet viij acras. Et in dominio curie sunt iiij carruce de xxxij bobus, et xij vacce cum vitulis, et ij animalia otiosa, et iij avri, et ccc oves, et L porci, et tantum prati de superplus quod valet xvjs. Et ecclesia hujus ville ad altare Abbatie Burgi, ad caritatem Sancti Petri, iiij arietes et ij vacce, vel vs. Isti sunt redditus maneriorum de Abbatia de Burch. De Keteringes xxvj libras de firma per annum [MS. Soc.Antiq. Liber Niger, fo. 12 (ed.Camden Soc.,pp.\z>J-'&and 166).]
7. Survey of the Manors of the Priory of Christchurch, Canterbury (12 fohn). Inquisicio facta Prioratus Cantuarie, per preceptum domini Regis, coram Gydone de Chancell[aria] et Simone de Nuers, die Jovis proxima post clausum Pasche, anno regni domini Johannis Regis xij°; quid et quantum Robertus de Thurnham recepit de instauro per predictum Prioratum, quando recepit custodiam, post obitum Reginaldi de Cornhulla, scilicet ad festum Sancti Michaelis ejusdem anni; et quid et quantum inventum sit in predicto Prioratu ad predictam inquisitionem predicti diei Jovis Nywetone. Godefridus clericus, capitalis serviens, et Edwardus de la Grave et Radulfus Crispus et Radulfus de Bretewelle, prepositi. Et Willelmus de Brochamtone [and four others], juratores, dicunt quod habet in
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eadem villa de redditu assiso per annum, xiiij /. x s. vj d. ad iiijor terminos anni.et xvj gallinas ad festum Sancti Martini. Et Robertus de Thurnham recepit, infra predictum terminum, xvj summas mestili[onis] de exitu molendini et xxxij s. de feno vendito. Idem dicunt quod nichil de stauro ibidem inventum est, set xl acre seminate cum avena, ad medietatem, ibidem invente sunt. [Exchequer K.R. Ancient Extents, No. 46, m. 1.] 8. Extent (Valor) of a Manor in the King's hands (c. 1250). (a) Writ of Inquisition. E[lerius] permissione Divina Abbas de Persora1, dilecto suo in Christo baillivo Regis de Haveringhes, Salutem. Ex parte domini Regis vobis mandamus quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de bailliva vestra, diligenter inquiratis quantum terra de la Redhope cum suis pertinenciis, que capta fuit in manum Regis eo quod nichil inde fuit solutum Regi, valeat per annum in omnibus exitibus terre, et inquisitionem aperte et distincte inde factam, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, nobis sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. Valete. (b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio facta per subscriptos, videlicet per Willelmum filium Reginaldi [and eleven other jurors], quantum [terra] de la Riedhope, cum omnibus pertinenciis, valeat per annum in omnibus exitibus. Qui dicunt, per sacramentum suum, quod valet per annum in omnibus viij solidos, scilicet in communibus annis. [Chanc. Misc. Inquisitions 21/16.]
9. Survey of the Manor of Ospringe, co. Kent (c. 1240). Johannes de Ospreng [and twelve others] jurati: ad primum Articulum dicunt quod instaurum in festo Pentecostes tale fuit. Fuerunt ibi due caruce, una de octo stottis et alia de vij stottis; duo equi herciatores et carectarii, quando necesse fuit; viij vacce, una genicula biennis ; oves matrices, lj; hoggastri, xlij; multones, v; agni, XX
xliiij; porci, iiij, ij; inde superannati, xl; de dimidio anno, xlij; porcelli, xiiij. De blado, dicunt quod estimant frumentum in tasso sicut fuit in festo Pentecostes, triginta et quatuor quarteria, quod quidem frumentum totum est ibi. De vescis, dicunt quod fuerunt ibi in predicto festo Pentecostes lxij quarteria; inde in prestito facto in 1
Appointed Escheator South of Trent by Letters Patent 35 Hen. I l l (m. 4). Calendar of Inquisitions, Henry I I I , No. 230, etc.
Cf. also
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locis diversis, xix quarteria; residuum in granario ibidem. Et preterea, quinque quarteria debentur de predictis vescis, de prestito facto ante predictum festum ; residuum totum est in granario, scilicet xlij quarteria.... De redditu assiso, dicunt quod sunt in prefato manerio xix /. xvj s. ix d. ob.
De consuetudinibus debitis, c et vij galline et dimidia, precii cujuslibet j d. ob. et una auca, precii ij d. quarum summa est xiij s. vij d. qdr. De allece, vij millia, et valent, omnibus annis, viginti et octo solidos. De redditu assiso, quatuor quarteria, et valent, omnibus annis, x s. Item, viginti et octo vomeres, quorum quodlibet valet x d., et j vomer precii iij d.; due esperduce ferri, precii iiij d. Summa tocius ferramenti, xxiijj. et xjd.; et de hiis vomeribus debetur unus abbati de Faveresham. Item, tres carri, precii ix s. Item, tria paria rotarum ad carucas, precii xviij d. Item, porcus unus, precii xvd. Et de quibus[dam] hominibus ejusdem manerii, pro licencia arandi, dimidia marca. Item, debentur arure bis in anno per ipsos de manerio, que valent, deductis expensis, xviij s. Summa omnium consuetudinum, cxj s. j d. qdr., excepto vomere quern Abbas recipit. Item, herciat[ura] ejusdem manerii valet, per annum, vj s. Placita cum perquisitis valent, omnibus annis, Ix s. Item, boscus, sine dampno in eodem faciendo, valet, singulis annis, x s., salvo sustentamento manerii. Sunt etiam in prefato manerio ccc acre terre arabilis et septuaginta et iiij, quarum que.libet locari potest pro x d., et est summa xv li. xi s. et viij d. Herbagium ejusdem manerii valet, per annum, j marcam. Et si dominus Rex posuerit ibi duas vaccas, valent per annum xxiiij s. Et etiam in prefato manerio pastura ad cc oves, per totum; et potest locari, singulis annis, pro ij marcis et dimidia. Et si dominus Rex posuerit ibi predictas oves, valebunt, singulis annis, c s. Item, dominus Rex potest habere in eodem manerio 1 porcos, et valebunt, per annum, v marcas; sed de hoc nichil capi potest nisi fuerint ibi porci. Summa valoris manerii nudi et sine instauro, xlvij /. ij s. ij d. ob. qdr. Et valet, si ponatur ibi predictum instaurum, liiij /. vj s. ij d. ob. qdr.; et potest frequenter plus valere cum emolumento wainiagii. Manerium de Ospreng commissum est Willelmo clerico, servienti, et Ernulpho Cade,... qui jurati sunt...ad solvendum fideliter. Et juratores dicunt quod manerium dimittitur eis in bono statu, tarn in boscis, clausis et custoditis, quam in pasturis et stauro. Et dicunt quod bladum quod est in terra valet hoc anno, ut videtur et sicut apparet, multo melius quam valeret aliis annis; et serviens cui manerium commissum est confitetur quod ipse credit quod valeat de sexta parte plus quam consuevit. Et recepit manerium custodiendum die dominica proxima post Octabas Translationis beati Thome Martiris
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anno regni Regis xxiiij, per Petrum de Tany et Walterum de Merton, clericum. Hamo de la Dune cepit, singulis diebus, suo tempore, quamdiu fuit ballivus predicti Walteri, duos denarios; Willelmus clericus adhuc nichil cepit. Simo de la Grene [and eleven otkers] jurati, dicunt quod instaurum, die Pentecostes, tale fuit. Fuerunt ibi due caruce de iiij bobus et xij equi; vacce, iiij; vituli, ij; oves, ccclviij; inde matrices, xxxvj; mulXX
tones, iiij; residuum hoggastri; et preter ilium numerum, xxiiij agni; porci superannati, xlij; porci de dimidio anno et porcelli, xxiiij. [Exchequer K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 6 (Testa de Nevill) fos. 43—46 (ed. Record Commission), pp. 217 b, 218 a.]
10. Extenta Manerii (? temp. Edward I). Imprimis, inquirendum est de castris et aliis edificiis fossatis circumdatis, quantum muri et edificia lignea et lapidea, plumbo vel alio modo cooperta, valeant; et pro quanto poterunt apreciari secundum verum valorem eorundem murorum et edificiorum; et pro quanto edificia extra fossatum poterunt apreciari; et quantum valeant, una cum gardinis columbariis et omnibus aliis exitibus curie, per annum. Item, inquirendum est quot campi sunt in dominico, et quot acre terre sunt in campo, et quantum valet quelibet acra per se per annum; item inquirendum est quot acre prati sunt in dominico, et quot sunt in campo, et quantum valet quelibet acra ad locandum per se per annum ; item, quot acre pasture, et ad cujusmodi bestias et anitnalia pastura ilia fuerit magus necessaria, et quot et quales possit sustinere, et quantum valet pastura cujuslibet bestie et animalis per se, per annum, ad locandum. Item, inquirendum est de pastura forinceca que est communis, quot et quas bestias et quot animalia et que dominus Rex habere possit in eadem, et quantum valeat pastura cujuslibet bestie et animalis, per annum, ad locandum. Item, inquirendum est de parcis et dominicis boscis, que dominus ad voluntatem suam poterit assartare et excolere, et quot acras in se contineant, et pro quanto vestura cujuslibet acra potent apreciari, et quantum fundus in se contineat et valeat quando prostratus fuerit, et quantum valet quelibet acra per se per annum. Item, inquirendum est de boscis forinsecis ubi alii communicant, quid de eisdem boscis dominus [Rex] sibi possit appruare, et de quot acris, et pro quanto vestura cujuslibet acre communiter possit appreciari, et quantum fundus valeat quum prostratus fuerit, et quot acras in se contineat, et quantum valeat quelibet acra per se, per annum. Item, inquirendum est utrum dominus [Rex] de residuo boscorum predictorum forinsecorum dare possit, et quantum valeant hujusmodi donaciones et vendiciones per annum.
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Item, inquirendum est de pannagio, herbagio, melle, oneribus, et omnibus aliis exitibus vivariorum, mariscorum, morarum, bru[erarum], turbariarum, et vastorum, et quantum valeant per annum. Item, de molendinis et piscariis separalibus et communibus, quantum valeant per annum. Item, de libere tenentibus quibuscumque et forincecis vel extrinsecis, inquirendum est quot sunt libere tenentes et qui, et quas terras et que tenementa et que feoda teneant, et per quod servicium, utrum per sokagium vel servicium militare vel alio modo, et quantum valeant per annum et reddant per annum de redditu assiso, et qui tenent per cartam et qui non, et qui tenent per antiquam tenuram et qui per novum feoffamentum. Inquirendum est de predictis libere tenentibus, et qui secuntur curiam de comitatu in comitatu et qui non, et quid et quantum accidit domino [Regi] post mortem talium libere tenencium. Item, inquirendum est de custumariis, quot sunt custumarii, et quantum terre quilibet custumarius teneat, et que opera et quas consuetudines faciant, et quantum valeant opera et consuetudines cujuslibet custumarii per se per annum, et quantum reddat de redditu assiso per annum preter opera et consuetudines, et qui possint talliari ad voluntatem domini et qui non. Item, inquirendum est de coterellis, que cotagia et curtulagia teneant, per quod servicium et quantum reddant per annum pro predictis cotagiis et curtulagiis. Item, inquirendum est de placitis et perquisitionibus Comitatuum et Curiarum Forestarum cum expeditacione canum, et quantum valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus. Item, inquirendum est de ecclesiis que pertinent ad donacionem domini [Regis], quot et que sunt, et ubi et quantum quelibet ecclesia valet per annum, per se, secundum veram estimacionem illius. Item, inquirendum est quantum valeant heriota, nundine, mercheta, consuetudines et servicia, operaciones et consuetudines forincece; et quantum valeant placita et perquisita, fines et relevia, et omnia alia casualia que accidere possunt in omnibus per annum [etc.]. [Statutes of the Realm, vol. I. pp. 242-3.]
11. Survey of the Manor of Pishobury in Sawbridgeworth, co. Herts. (24 Ed. I). (a) The Writ of Extent. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Herefordie, Salutem. Quia super valore manerii de Pissou in Sabrichewrthe, quod dilecto clerico nostro Willelmo de Hamelton commisimus custodiendum, et eciam super statu domorum, murorum et bosci et aliorum ad idem manerium spectancium per te volumus certiorari, tibi precipimus quod in propria persona tua,sine dilatione,accedas ad manerium predictum
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et illud per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, extendi facias quantum, videlicet, valeat per annum, salvis serviciis capitalium dominorum manerii ejusdem. Et extentam illam distincte et aperte factam, una cum statu domorum, murorum et bosci predictorum, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos inquisicio ilia facta fuerit et etiam illorum per quos de statu predicto tibi constiterit, Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario nostro sine dilatione mittas et hoc breve. Teste P[hilippo] de Willugbi, tenente locum Thesaurarii nostri, apud Westmonasterium, xvj° die Julii, anno regni nostri xxiiijto. ib) The Extent. Execucionem istius brevis fieri feci, prout patet in Inquisicione huic brevi attachiata. Extenta Manerii de Pisho[u] in Sabrittesworthe, per W. de Suttone vicecomitem Essexe et Her[t]fordsire facta die dominica proxima post festum sancte Margarete Virginis anno regni Regis Edwardi vicesimo quarto, per Robertum de Melkeleye militem, [and eleven others] juratos, qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod capitale messuagium cum gardino et curtilagio valet per annum in omnibus exitibus, xij s. Sunt et ibidem cc.xlij acre terre arrabilis quarum quelibet acra valet per annum vj d.; uncle summa, vj /. xij d. Sunt et ibidem xxix acre prati falcabilis quarum quelibet acra valet per annum ij s. vj d.; unde summa, lxxij s. vj d. Sunt et ibidem xxvij acre pasture separabilis, de quibus x acre, quelibet earum valet per annum vj d. et xvij acre, quelibet earum valet per annum xviij d. Et sunt ibidem xxxv acre pasture separabilis infra clausum bosci qui vocatur le Parke, quarum quelibet acra valet per annum xij d. Et est ibi quedam communa pasture pertinens ad dictum manerium, que valet per annum xxs. Et est summa tocius valoris dicte pasture per annum iiij /. v s. vj d. Et sunt ibi c et lx acre bosci inclusi qui vocatur le Parke, unde subboscus valet per annum xxs.: depannagio dicti bosci nihil ad presens, quia tarde succisus. Est ibidem quoddam molendinum aquaticum quod valet per annum, preter resumptionem, xl s. Sunt ibi de redditu assiso libere tenencium et custumariorum, per annum, vij /. xj s. et vj d. Et est ibi de redditu per annum una libra piperis, precii xij d. et dimidia libra cimini, precii oboli. Et sunt ibi de redditu assiso per annum vj capones, precii cujuslibet ij d.; unde summa, xij d. Et sunt ibi duo vomera de redditu custumariorum per annum que valent xij d. Et xxxiiij galline per annum, que valent ij s. x d. Et clxxv ova per annum de redditu assiso, que valent iiij d. obulum. Et xxj quarteria v buselli avene de redditu assiso per annum, que valent xxviij s. x d. precium quarterii xvj d. Et sunt ibi de redditu custumariorum per annum ix s. ij d. ob. qui vocatur Oxeseivere. Et iij s. vj d. ob. de redditu custumario qui vocatur Shepselvere. Et sunt ibi MMccij opera et dimidium opus custumarium per annum. De quibus MDccccxxv inter festum Sancti Michaelis et Gulam Augusti, quorum quodlibet valet obolus. Et cclxxvij opera et dimidium opus
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inter Gulam Augusti et festum sancti Michaelis, quorum quodlibet valet j d. Et est summa omnium predictarum operacionum ciij s. et iiij d. Et placita et perquisitiones Curie, cum sex solidis de communi fine visus franci plegii, valent per annum xx s. Summa totius valoris predicti manerii per annum, xxxiij /. xiij s. viij d. Et predicti Juratores dicunt quod predictum manerium tenetur de heredibus Willelmi de Say per servicium trium feodorum et dimidii militum et unius quarterii. Et predicti juratores requisiti super sacramentum suum de statu domorum, murorum, bosci, et aliorum ad dictum manerium spectantium, dicunt1 quod domus dicti manerii debiles sunt et quedam earum disrute, et indigent gravibus reparacionibus et etiam muri predicti manerii. Item, dicunt quod in bosco pertinente ad dictum manerium succise sunt jam infra duos annos elapsos in custodiam Sampsonis de Gretham ballivi domini Regis predicti manerii ad sustentacionem ejusdem manerii xij quercus, precii xxiiij s., xxiiij fraxini, precii xij s., iiij et xij arabiles, precii vij s. XX
viij d.; iiij et iiij charmelli, precii vij s. Et dicunt quod predictus boscus bene includitur et competenter. In cujus rei testimonium, predicti juratores huic Extente et Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. (c) Inventory of the Stock. Memorandum quod xij° die Junii anno vicesimo quarto Sampson de Gretham, custos manerii domini Regis de Pishoo in Sabrictesworthe, liberavit domino Willelmo de Hameltone Archidiacono Eboraci, per mandatum domini Regis de Scaccario, bona inventa in manerio predicto et appreciata per sacramentum Johannis Ordmar [and eleven others].
Inprimis, dictus Sampson liberavit dicto domino Willelmo, quando idem dominus Willelmus cepit ad firmam manerium predictum ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo preteritum ante diem confectionis presentis Cyrographi, xxvij quarteria ij busellos et dimidium frumenti; ij quarteria siliginis, precium quarterii vj s. viij d. Summa, ix/. xvJ. yd.—ij quarteria vj busellos et dimidium ordei, precium quarterii iiij s. vj d. Summa, xij s. vij d. ob.—vij busellos fabarum, precium buselli viij d. Summa, iiij s. viij d. Item, xx quarteria avene, precium quarterii ij s. Summa, xl s. Que quidem blada seminata fuerunt in terris predicti manerii. Item, liberavit eidem xj quarteria iij busellos mixtilionis, precium quarterii vs. Summa, lvj s. x d. ob. Item, xj quarteria v busellos avene, precium quarterii ij s. Summa, xxiij s. iij d. Item, fenum et foragium et pallea, precium xlij s. Summa, xlij s. Item, vj stottos, precium cujuslibet ix s. ix d. Summa, lviij s. vj d. Item, v boves, precium cujuslibet xiiij s. iiij d. Summa, lxxj s. viij d. 1
qui dicunt in MS.
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Item, xxiij vaccas et ij tauros, precium cujuslibet IKS. Item, v vaccas, precium cujuslibet viij s. Summa, xiij /. v s. Item, iiijor aucas et ij anceres, precium cujuslibet iiij d. et x ancilas, precium cujuslibet ij d. Summa, iij s. viij d. Item, unam carettam, precium v s. Summa, vs. Item, unum vatellum, ij cistas, j b[usellum], iij billos pertinentes ad molendinum et appreciatos ad xx s. Summa summarum, xxxix /. xviij s. viij d. In cujus rei testimonium, tarn predictus Willelmus quam predictus Sampson huic cyrographo sigilla sua alternatim apposuerunt. Datum die et anno supradictis. \Exch. Q. R. Ancient Extents, No. 81 (5).]
12. Survey of Commons in Holkham, co. Norfolk (26 Elizabeth). (a) The Royal Commission. Elizabeth, by the grace of God, Quene of England, Fraunce and Ireland, Defendor of the Fay the, etc. To oure trustie and welbeloved Richard Inckpen, oure generall Surveyor of oure possessyons parcell of oure Duchie of Lancastre in the sowthe partes, and Nathaniell Bacon Esquiers, and to eyther of them, greatinge. For certeine causes and consideracions us movinge, Wee will and require youe twoe joyntely, at tyme convenyent by youe to bee lymitted and appointed, to repayre youreselfes to oure Mannor of Wighton, parcell of oure Duchie of Lancastre in oure Cowntie of Norffolke, then and there callinge before youe, by vertue hereof, all suche personnes as youe shall thinke mete and conveniente, thoroughly to vewe and surveye the landes, commons and waste groundes and other heredytamentes belonginge and apperteynynge to oure said Mannor of Wighton, aswell the landes, commons, waste groundes and heredytamentes extendinge withein Hollcomme, as alsoe within all other places withein oure said countie of Norffolke. And further to enquire of all and singuler the premisses and of the circumstances of the same aswell by viewe, othe, evidence, perambulacion, examinacion of wittnesses, as by all other waies and meanes, as to youre wisedommes and discrecions for oure best service therein shall seme best. And thereuppon of youre factes, doeinges and proceedinges herein, wee will and require youe twoe joyntlye, by youre wrytinges enclosed under youre seales, withe theis oure letteres, to certifie our Chauncellor and Cownsell of oure Duchie of Lancaster in oure Duchie chamber at oure palace of Westminster in the Quindene of Seynt Mychell nexte commynge; nott faylinge hereof as wee truste youe. Yeaven at oure said palace, under the seale of oure said Duchie, the xiijth daye of Februarye, in the xxvjth yeare of oure reigne. Tusser. H. F. II.
2
18
Select Formulas of (b) The Return.
The Execucion of this Commyssion appereth in a certaine scedule to the same Commyssion annexed. Richard Inckpen. Natha. Bacon. By vertue of her Majesties Commission oute of the Corte of the Duchie Chamber to us directed and hereunto annexed, wee mett at the Manour of Wighton, the place named in the said Commyssion, the xiiijth daie of Julie in the xxvjth yere of her Majesties raigne, and there havinge with us Richard Spratt under steward of the said Manour, by vertue of our said Commyssion, warned and somoned a jurye of eightene of the moste discrete and sufficient tenauntes apperteynynge to the said Manour, and then and there did sweare them and every of them accordinglie to make dilligent and exacte enquerye, uppon theire othes, of all the Contents menctioned in the said Commyssion. The names of which jurours, with theire verdicte delivered unto us under theire handes, we hereby certifie unto this honorable Corte. Nomina Juratorum pro Domina Regina. Charles Stutfielde gent, [and seventeen others]. Fyrst we finde [a description of the Commons in Holkham follows]. And further we do here certifie also the deposicions of two substaunciall witnesses, taken by vertue of our said Commyssion and examined uppon theire othes before us at Holkham uppon certaine questions or articles mynistered unto them tpuching the contents mencion[ed in] the said Commyssion, which deposicions followe verbatim. Deposicions taken at the Towne of Holkham in the Countie of Norfifolke the xiiijth daie of Julie 1584 and in the xxvjth [yere of the] raigne of our said soveraigne Ladie Quene Elizabeth, by us Nathanaell Bacon and Richard Inckpen Esquiers, by vertue of her Majestie's Commyssion directed to us oute of the Corte of the Duchie of Lancaster. William Porter of Holkham in the said Countie, yoman, of the age of fourescore yeres or thereaboute, sworne and examyned the daie and yere [aforesaid], To the first article he knoweth [the Depositions signed by the Commissioners follow]. [Duchy of Lancaster. Special Commissions, No. 350.]
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13. Account, Inventory and Lease of the Manor of Tilshead, co. Wilts, part of the possessions of the Alien Priory of Holy Trinity, Caen, in the King's hands (26—27 Edward I). (a) The Official Account. Compotus Walteri Faukes de Felstede defuncti, Walteri de Reynes, executoris testarnenti ejusdem et attornati coexecutorum suorum, pro eo et Ade de Goldingham custodum terrarum et tenementorum et reddituum et beneficiorum ecclesiasticorum que fuerunt Abbatisse de Cadamo in Anglia existentium, in manu Regis ratione guerre habite inter Regem et Regem Francie, a iij die Maii anno regni Regis ejusdem xxvjt0, usque xxx diem Septembris eodem anno, antequam liberarent terras et tenementa, redditus et benificia predicta Waltero Faukes et Petro de Fulbeck custodienda quamdiu Regi XX
placuerit, reddendo inde Regi per annum ad Scaccarium ciiij /., sicut continetur in memorandis anno xxvij, inter Commissiones. Debet irrotulari in rotulo xxvj—Irrotulatur in Rotulo xxvj. Tydolfside et Tarente. Iidem reddunt compotum de xxj /. receptis de maneriis predictis sic dimissis ad firmam per idem tempus. Summa recepte xxj /. [Exchequer K. R. Ministers' Accounts, 1127/17.] (b) The Private Inventory and Lease. Anno regni regis Edwardi vicesimo septimo, ad festum Sancti Petri quod dicitur Ad Vincula, facta fuit hec conventio inter dominum Walterium Faukes, generalem procuratorem in Anglia ab[b]atisse et conventus Sancte Trinitatis de Cadomo, ex una parte, et dominum Henricum de Tydolveshyde ex altera, videlicet, quod dictus Henricus recepit ad firmam mobilem de traditione dicti Walterii procuratoris [etc.] maneria de Tydelveshyde et Tarente et Lowyneston, cum pertinentiis suis et instauramentis suis et terris seminatis subscriptisque aliis, ut inferius patebit; videlicet in manerio de Tydelveshyde una aula cum duabus parvis cameris [a list of the farm buildings follows], tres caruce cum ferramentis [a detailed list of the stock follows], numerus vero acrarum frumenti [a list of the sown lands follows]. Numerus vero utensilium [an inventory follows]. In manerio vero de Tarente sunt [a list of the stock follows]. Numerus vero acrarum seminatarum [a list follows]. Numerus vero domorum [a list of the buildings follows]. Due caruce [an inventory of utensils follows]; habenda et tenenda omnia predicta a dicto festo Sancti Petri usque ad finem xiii annorum proxime sequentium plene completorum; reddendo inde annuatim dicte abbatisse vel ejus certo procuratori xl ta et vi libras sterlingorum bone et legali[s] monete ad duos anni terminos, videlicet, medietatem ad
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festum Sancti Luce Evangeliste, et aliam medietatem ad festum Inventionis Sancte Crucis, ab eodem Henrico solvendas integre et ad custum suum proprium apud Munechenehampton deferendas; salvis quidem et retentis ad opus dicte abbatisse boscis suis de Tarente, in quibus dictus Henricus nichil capiet nisi ad reparationem domorum et camerarum dicte abbatisse et per visum quatuor hominum legalium suorum ad hoc assignatorum ; nee poterit inde dare aliquid vel vendere, pro quorum custoditione dictus Henricus tenetur de suo proprio forestariis et omnibus aliis satisfacere. Item, retentis dicte Abbatisse venditionibus nativorum utriusque sexus, releviis, herihetis liberorum hominum suorum, et escaetis de novo; nee licebit dicto Henrico aliquam terram tradere sine assensu dicte Abbatisse vel ejus procuratoris, quia omne commodum proveniens ex hujusmodi traditionibus retinebit dicta Abbatissa. Faldam etiam, et fimos curie alibi non ponet quam super terras dominicas abbatisse predicte. Completis autem xiii annis predictis, reddet dictus Henricus dicta maneria, domos, et instauramenta, et terras seminatas, et culturas sicut recepit; domos vero de suo proprio sustentabit, excepto meremio quod ad opus domorum ejus dicta Abbatissa inveniet. Et si dictus Henricus domos seu aliquid de novo fecerit in dictis maneriis sine licentia Domine vel sui procuratoris, [inde] tenebitur computare. Debet etiam dictus Henricus jura et libertates et maneria predicta defendere contra omnes de omnibus placitis et querelis et exactionibus ad suas proprias expensas, et libertates, consuetudines, et jura injuste alienata pro posse suo congregabit et revocabit. Si tamen hujusmodi alienata et dispersa ante tempus receptionis firme predicte, sine brevi domini Regis revocari non possint, expense rationabiles quas fecerit per consilium procuratoris ejusdem allocabuntur. Et si nove collecte et nova tallagia per dominum Papam vel Regem emerserint, ad ea non tenebitur dictus Henricus. Et dicta abbatissa prestationem dimidie marce diu factam ad hundredum de Pymperne liberabit, nee licebit dicto Henrico homines dicte Abbatisse talliare, quia hoc sibi retinuit dicta abbatissa. Adque omnia et singula predicta tenenda dictus Henricus obligavit se et sua bona mobilia et immobilia, perquisita et perquirenda, dicte abbatisse que pro tempore fuerit, quod ipsa, sua propria auctoritate, vel suus procurator in Anglia, possit ingredi domos, possessiones, redditus, [et] terras suas, et inde tanquam de proprio commodum suum quibuscumque modis voluerit facere, et averia sua ubicumque inventa fuerint capere, detinere de loco ad locum, de comitatu ad comitatum fugare, prout sibi placuerit, et ea vendere sine contradictione ejusdem attornatorum, heredum, et executorum suorum, si in solutione dicte pecunie suis terminis in toto vel in parte defuerit, quod absit, aut homines dicte abbatisse tractaverint contra justiciam, aut eorum consuetudines [ad] gravamen ejusdem intulerit, aut si dictus Henricus dictam conventionem in toto vel in parte non observaverit, extunc licebit dicte abbatisse vel suo procuratori, maneria sua predicta, cum suis pertinentiis et cum omnibus bonis in eisdem inventis, in manu sua capere et tenere aut cuicumque pro voluntate sua ad firmam vel alio modo tradere, sine contradictione ejus heredum
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attornatorum seu executorutn suorum. Insuper subjecit et summisit se dictus Henricus et omnia bona sua predicta jurisdiction! et cohercioni cujuscumque judicis ecclesiastici vel secularis potestatis quern dicta abbatissa duxerit eligendum, quod valeat ipsum per interdicti et excommunicationis sententiam, de die in diem absque strepitu judiciali, compellere et distringere ad plenam solutionem pecunie terminis faciendam et ad plenariam satisfactionem et observationem omnium superius contentorum, cum dampnis et expensis, si que dicta abbatissa vel ejus procurator fecerit vel incurrerit occasione dicte conventionis nee observate in parte vel in toto; super quibus omnibus x dicte abbatisse vel suo procuratori debet credi sine alterius probationis nee testimonium suum robur habebit aut effectum donee premissa compleantur. Et ad hec omnia et singula tenenda firmiter, et tactis Sacro-sanctis Evangeliis, corporate prestitit sacramentum, renuncians plene et expresse quo ad hec omnia et singula omni exceptioni, cavillationi, et maxime regie prohibitioni, privilegio fori et cruce signatis indulto, constitutioni de duabus dietis edite in concilio generali, et omni impetrationi facte et faciende, tarn in curia ecclesiastica quam seculari, que possit objici contra hoc factum vel scriptum et parti dicti Henrici prodesse et parti dicte abbatisse nocere. Concedit etiam dictus procurator quod si dictus Henricus ante terminum predictum plene completum decedat, quod Ricardus de Lavynton nepos ejusdem Henrici predicta maneria cum suis pertinentiis in forma predicta teneat usque terminum xiii annorum predictorum plene completorum, facta tamen dicte abbatisse vel ejus procuratori per eundem Ricardum eadem securitate quam fecit dictus Henricus. Nos vero Johannes Rykeman de Tydolveshyde [and five others] hanc obligationem et ejus formam in modo cyrographi confectam de verbo ad verbum audientes et plene intelligentes, pro eodem Henrico dicte abbatisse, que pro tempore fuerit, nos et omnia bona [etc.] tenore presentium obligamus, singuli et insolidum constituents nos principales debitores; et volumus et cognoscimus nos cum bonis nostris, sicut dictum est, in eadem forma et obligatione ad omnia et singula in predicta obligatione contenta integre observanda et adimplenda predicte abbatisse de nostro expresso consensu et voluntate esse obligatos et velle fore astrictos [quemlibet] nostrum insolidum, ut dictum est, omni auxilio et remedio nobis contra hoc competituro, sicut superius plenius est expressum, plane et expresse renunciantes. In quorum omnium testimonium, huic instrumento, ad modum cyrographi divisi super dicta conventione penes dictam abbatissam remanente, cum sigillo dicti Henrici sigilla nostra apposuimus, et dictus procurator parti instrumenti residenti penes dominum Henricum sigillum suum apposuit Insuper ad pleniorem securitatem invenit dictus Henricus fidejussores, tenentes abbatisse de Tydolveshyde, videlicet [the names of six sureties follow with seven seals]. [Cartulary of the A bbey of the Holy Trinity, Caen {Public Record Office Transcripts, Cartulaire de la Basse Normandie, III. 262 sg.).] Sic in Transcript.
22
Select Formulas of (b)
FISCAL INQUISITIONS
(i) Assessments on the Hide and Plough. 14. Carolingian prototypes (812).—It has been usual to compare the formula of a Frankish Polyptique with that of Domesday Book (No. 15), but the famous survey of the Abbey of St Germain (ed. B. Guerard) is analogous rather to the Boldon Survey or the Domesday of St Paul's. The formula of the valuation of a feudatory's estate given here should be compared with that given in the previous section (Nos. 1 and 2) and with the 13th century Extent (No. 11). For the procedure connected with the Return made to the Frankish imperial precept cf. Annales Hincmari s. a. 869 (M. G. I. 481). 15. Domesday Book and its Satellites (nth—13th centuries).—An attempt has been made here to present specimens of the Domesday MSS. indicating the relationship between the several codices as well as the several stages in the composition of the MSS. Whatever may be the real relationship between the Ely Inquisition and the Exchequer Record, the Writ (a) and Form of Inquisition (b) preserved in the former MS. are of real value as indicating the diplomatic procedure in the case of the main Exchequer Survey. Specimens have been given of the several Returns (c) found in the Cambridgeshire and Ely Inquests as well as in the ' Exon. Domesday,' followed by the corresponding entries in the Exchequer Domesday, volumes I. and II. 16—J8. Geld Inquests, Breviates of Domesday, and Hidage Books (nth and 12th centuries).—Brief extracts are given here of these complementary and supplementary 'satellites' of Domesday. The nature of the first of these has been well explained by Dr Round, and it is only necessary to observe in respect of the others that the device of a Breviate can certainly be dated back to the 12th century, whilst the analogous Hidage list is, perhaps, of even greater antiquity. It may be noticed that the Worcester Hidage (No. 18 e) is not actually derived from the Exchequer Domesday, as stated in the rubric and generally believed, but from the official' Breviate' (K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 1). For the origin of the Burton list reference must be made to an earlier document (No. 4). A general resemblance will be found in the formulas of the whole group, based upon the notation of the geldable hide. 19. The well-known Inquisition contained in the 12th century ' Winton Book' is noticed here in order to call attention to the existence of a royal as well as an episcopal census. The former,
Fiscal Inquisitions
23
which alone concerns us here, preserves the King's writ in a narrative form with a notice of the sworn recognitors. 20. Carucage (1198—1220).—An interesting discussion of the origin and terminology of this fiscal levy will be found in the English Historical Review (III. 501), where the whole subject has been exhaustively treated by Dr Round, who first identified the fragments from which this specimen has been selected, together with the judicial proceedings (No. 20, ii.) which form a sequel to the assessment. In the case of the later Carucage of 1220 (No. 21, iii.), the Return is seen to take the general form of an Account. 21. Local assessments (1273).—Although the nature and extent of the local taxation within the Hundred are still obscure, many fragments of early assessments have survived (Studies, p. 292 n. 5). Reference should also be made to another class of documents in which the formula of this Return is not infrequently found (No. 57).
14. Precept of Charles the Great for an Inquisition of Beneficia and Formula of the Survey of a Royal Monastery (812). Ut missi nostri diligenter inquirant et describere faciant, unusquisque in missatico, quid unusquisque de beneficio habeat, vel quot homines casatos in ipso beneficio. Ut non solum beneficia episcoporum, abbatum, abbatissarum, atque comitum, sive vassalorum nostrorum, sed etiam nostri fisci describantur, ut scire possemus quantum etiam de nostra in uniuscuiusque legatione habeamus.
[Beneficiorum fiscorumque regalium describendorum formulae.] Invenimus in eodem loco curtem et casam indominicatam, cum ceteris aedificiis ad praefatam ecclesiam respicientem. Pertinent ad eandem curtem de terra arabili iurnales 740; de pratis, unde colligi possunt de foeno carradas 610. De annona nihil repperimus, excepto quod dedimus provendariis carradas 30; qui sunt provendati usque ad missam sancti Johannis, et sunt 72. De brace modii 12. [Inventory of stock and utensils follows.] Est ibi genitium, in quo sunt feminae 24; in quo repperimus sarciles 5, cum fascioles 4, et camisiles 5. Est ibi molina 1 ; reddit annis singulis modios 12. Respiciunt ad eandem curtem mansi ingenuiles vestiti 23. Ex his sunt 6, quorum reddit unusquisque annis singulis de annona modios 14,
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friskinguas 4, de lino ad pisam seigam 1, pullos 2, ova 10, de semente line sextarium 1, de lenticulis sextarium 1 ; operatur annis singulis ebdomades 5, arat iurnales 3, secat de foeno in prato dominico carradas i, et introducit; scaram facit. Ceterorum vero sunt 6, quorum unusquisque arat annis singulis iurnales 2, seminat et introducit: secat in prato dominico carradas 3, et illas introducit; operatur ebdomadas 2 ; dant inter duos in hoste bovem 1. Quando in hostem non pergunt, equitat, quocumque illi praecipitur. Et sunt mansi 5, qui dant annis singulis boves 2. Aequitat quocumque illi praecipitur. Et sunt mansi 4, quorum arat unusquisque annis. singulis iurnales 9, seminat et introducit; secat in prato dominico carradas 3, et illud introducit. Operatur in anno ebdomadas 6, scaram facit ad vinum ducendum, fimat de terra dominica iurnalem 1, de ligno donat carradas 10. Et est unus mansus, qui arat annis singulis iurnales 9, seminat et introducit; secat de foeno in prato dominico carradas 3, et illas introducit, scaram facit, parafredum donat. Operatur in anno septimanas 5. Serviles vero mansi vestiti 19. Quorum reddit unusquisque annis singulis friskingam 1, pullos 5, ova 10, nutrit porcellos dominicos 4, arat dimidiam araturam: operatur in ebdomada 3 dies, scaram facit, parafredum donat. Uxor vero illius facit camisilem 1 et sarcilem 1. Conficit bracem et coquit panem. \Monumenta Germaniae (1835), Leges, I. 174-6.]
15.
The Domesday Inquest (1086).
(a) The King's Writ issued in connection with the Ely Inquisition. Willelmus Rex Anglorum Lanfranco archiepiscopo, Salutem. Inquire per episcopum Constantiensem et per episcopum Walchelinum et per ceteros qui terras sancte ^Edeldrede scribi et jurari fecerunt quomodo jurate fuerunt, et qui eas juraverunt, et qui jurationem audierunt, et que sunt terre, et quante, et quot, et quomodo vocate, [et] qui eas tenent. His distincte notatis et scriptis, fac ut cito inde rei veritatem per tuum breve sciam. Et cum eo veniat legatus abbatis. [MS. Cott. Tib. A. VI. fo. 107a {Liber Eliensis), ed. Hamilton, Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiae, p. xxi.~\ (b) The Forma Inquisitionis preserved in the Ely Inquisition. Hie subscribitur Inquisicio terrarum quomodo barones regis inquisierunt, videlicet per sacramentum vicecomitis scire, et omnium baronum et eorum francigenarum, et tocius centuriatus presbiteri, praepositi [et] VI villani uniuscujusque ville. Deinde quomodo vocatur mansio, quis tenuit earn tempore Regis Edwardi, quis modo tenet, quot hide quot carruce in dominio, quot hominum, quot villani,
Fiscal Inquisitions
25
quot cot[sethli], quot servi, quot liberi homines, quot sochemani, quantum silve, quantum prati, quot pascuorum, quot molendini, quot piscine, quantum est additum vel ablatum, quantum valebat totum simul et quantum modo, quantum ibi quisque liber homo vel sochemannus habuit vel habet. Hoc totum tripliciter, scilicet tempore regis .ZEdwardi, et quando Rex Willelmus dedit, et qualiter modo sit, et si potest plus haberi quam habeatur. \Ibid. fo. 38 a, ed. Hamilton, p. 97.] (c) The Returns preserved in Domesday Book and its Satellites. (i)
The Ely Inquisition (Soham, co. Cambs.).
Isti homines juraverunt. In Staplehou hundredo, Nicholaus de Cheneta, Willelmus de Chipenham homo Gaufridi, Hugo de Heselinge, Warinus de Saham, Rodbertus Anglicus de Fordham, Ordmar de Billingesham, Alanus de Burewelle, Alvricus de Sneilewelle In comitatu Grantebrugge. In Staplehou Hundredo In Saham tenet Abbas de Ely dimidiam hidam. ij carucis ibi est terra. Una caruca in dominio, et j caruca villanis. iij villani, x cotarii. Pratum ij carucis. Pastura ad peccuniam ville. In hac villa piscatur una navis in mara per consuetudinem; iij pforci]1; et modo valet xxx j . Quando recepit xx s. Tempore Regis Edwardi xxx s. Hec terra semper jacuit in ecclesia in dominio. [Ibid./os. 38 a, 39 b and pp. 97, 101.] (ii) The Cambridgeshire Inquisition. (The Abbot of Ely's holding in Soham.) In Staplehou hundredo juraverunt homines, scilicet Nicholaus de Kenet et Hugo de Heselinges, Willelmus de Cypeham, Warinus de Saham, Robertus de Fordham, Ormar de Bellingeham, Alanus de Burwelle, Alvricus de Sneilewelle, Picotus vicecomes et omnes Franci et Angli In hoc hundredo Saham pro xi hidis et dimidia, tempore Regis Edwardi, se defendit, et modo facit. De his xi2 hidis habet Rex ix hidas et dimidiam, vi acras minus, in Brevi suo . Et Abbas in hac villa habet dimidiam hidam. De his xi hidis, ii carucis ibi est terra. Una caruca in dominio et alia caruca villanis. iii villani, x bordarii. Pratum ii carucis. Pastura ad pecus ville. Et mara sde Saham lacus ubi piscat i navis per consuetudinem iii portus (sie) . Inter totum valet XXXJ. ; et quando recepit XXJ. ; tempore Regis Edwardi XXXJ. 1 This amended reading has been adopted on the supposition that the Ely scribe would have rendered portus (cf. below ii) by another compendium than the usual ' P.' for Porci. 3 The description of the Terra Regis (see below iii) is omitted here. 3 See above, n. i.
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of
Hec semper jacuit in ecclesia Sancte ^Edelrede de Ely tempore Regis Edwardi, in elemosina. [Ibid, fos. 76 a, 77 b and pp. 1, 6.] (iii)
The Exchequer Digest of the same holding.
Terra Regis. In Staplehou hundredo. Saham manerium regis pro ix hidis et dimidia se defendit. [A description of the Terra Regis follows^ In Staplehou Hundredo, in Saham, tenet isdem Abbas dimidiam hidam. Terra est ii carucis. In dominio est una et iii villani et x bordarii cum j caruca. Pratum ii carucis. Pastura ad pecuniam ville, et una navis que piscat in mara per consuetudinem. Valet xxx solidos. Quando recepit xx solidos; tempore Regis Edwardi xxx solidos. Hec terra jacuit semper in ecclesia. [D. B. I.fos. 189 a and 190 b (ed. Record Com.).] (iv) Formula for the Eastern Counties in the Ely Inquisition (Croxton, co. Norf.). In Grimeshou Hundredo Crochestuna tenuit Stigandus tempore Regis Edwardi. v carucate terre. Tune viij villani, etc. [as in v]. Tune iij caruce, etc. [as ibid]. Tune ij caruce hominibus. Tune unum molendinum, quod post recepit Radulfus comes. Tune i caruca[rius] et modo, et 111j acre prati, et vj animalia, et xviij porci, et ccxv oves. Hie jacuerunt tempore Regis Edwardi, xvij sochemanni. De his habet W. de Wara (sic) xvj et Radulfus de Todeneio j . Tune valuit x/. modo xl.r.; et reddit v /.; et iij caruce possent esse. Et habet unam leugam in longo et dimidiam in lato. Et reddit xij d. de gelto. Calumpnia de Sancta ^Edeldreda. Medelwolda jacebat tempore Regis Edwardi ad victum monacorum, et Abbas earn- prestavit Stigando archiepiscopo, ut post mortem ejus redderetur Abbacie. Et hundredum hoc testatur quod jacebat ad Abbatiam, et Crochestona similiter. Hec maneria tenuit Stigandus ea die qua Rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus. [Liber Eliensis, fo. 55 a (ed. Hamilton, p. 138).] (v)
Version of the same holding in Domesday Book (Vol. II.).
[Nordfolc. Willelmus Rex.] Crokestuna tenuit Stigandus, tempore Regis Edwardi. Semper v carucate terre. Tune viij villani; post iiij; modo nullus; modo iiij bordarii. Tune v servi; post iiij; modo nullus. Tune iij caruce in dominio; post et modo ii. Tune ij caruce hominum. Tune i molendinum, quern post cepit Radulfus comes, tempore Regis Willelmi, et iij acre prati. Semper i runcinus, vi animalia, xviiij (sic) porci, ccxv oves. Hie jacebant, tempore Regis Edwardi, xvij socmanni.
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De hiis habet W. de War[enna] xvi, et Radulfus de Toeni. Tune valuit xl. modo valet x\s., set reddit cs., et iij caruce possent esse. Totum habet i leugam et dimidiam in lat[itudine] et i in lat[itudine] et reddit xij d. de xx s. de gelto. [D. B. II. 136 b {ed. Record Com.).] (vi) The Formula for the South Western Counties in the Exon. Domesday (Poorstock, co. Somerset). Rogerus habet i mansionem que vocatur Pourestoca quam tenuit Ailmarus ea die qua rex Edwardus fuit vivus et mortuus; que reddit geldum pro vi hidis; modo tenet Hugo de Rege. Has possunt arare vi carruce. Inde habet Hugo in dominio iij hidas et ij carrucas et dimidiam, et villani iij hidas et ij carrucas et dimidiam. Ibi sunt v villani, et ix bordarii, et v servi, et ij roncini, et iiij animalia, et xiij porci, et clviij oves, et xvj capre, et ij molendini qui reddunt iij solidos, et xj quadrantene nemoris, longitudine, et ij quadrantene et dimidia latitudine, et xiij agri prati, et xv quadrantene pascue, longitudine, et ij latitudine; hec valet vj libras et quando recepit iiij libras. [Exon. Book, fo. 50 b {ed. Record Commission, p. 45).] (vii)
Version of the same holding in the Exchequer Digest.
Dorset. XLVli. Terra Rogerii Arundel. Hugo tenet de Rogero Pourestock. Ailmar tenuit T.R.E. et geldebat pro vi hidis. Terra est vi carucis. In dominio sunt ii caruce et dimidia, et v servi et v villani et ix bordarii cum ii carucis et dimidia. Ibi ii molini reddunt iii solidos; et xiii acre prati et xv quarantene pasture in long[itudine] et ii quarantene, lat[itudine]. Silva, xi quarantene, long[itudine], et ii quarantene et dimidia, lat[itudine]. Valuit iiii libras ; modo vi libras. [D.B. vol. I.fo. 82^.]
16. Geld Inquests, (a)
The Northampton Geld Roll (1066— 107 5).
This is into Suttunes hundred that is an hundred hida. Swa it waes on ^Edwardes deige, kynges; and therof is gewered an & tuenti hide & twadel an hide & fourti hide inland, and x hide thes kinges ahhen ferme land, & viij & xx hide weste, & thriddel an hide. [MS. Soc. Antiq. 60, fo. 47 {ed. Ellis, 'Intro, to Domesday,' I. 184 n.)]
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(b) The South-western Geld Inquest of 1083-4. In hundreto de Calna sunt lxxxx et i hide. De his habent Barones in dominio xxvi hidas et dimidiam et ij partes i virgate. Inde habet rex de terra regine Edithe x hidas in dominio. Edwardus vicecomes v hidas. Abbatissa de Wiltona, j hidam. Ricardus Puinant ij hidas et dimidiam. Alveredus de Ispania iij hidas et iij virgatas. Uxor Edrici i hidam et i virgatam. Gunfridus Maledoctus ij hidas et ij partes i virgate. Nigellus Presbyter i hidam. Et pro L hidis et iij virgis et tertia parte i virge reddite sunt regi xv libre et v solidi. De x hidis quas tenent villani regis de terra Heraldi non habet rex geldum. Collectores geldi de Cepeham receperunt in hoc hundreto geldum iij hidarum et dimidie et hoc retinuerunt. [Exon. Book, fos. 7 b and 13 (ed. Record Com.).]
17.
Exchequer Breviates of Domesday Book (\2th—\"$th cent).
Grentebrigesira. Terra Regis. In Staplehou hundredo. Saham manerium Regis, pro ix hidis et dimidia se defendit. Hoc manerium habuit Rex Edwardus in dominio semper. Grentebrigesira. Terra Abbatis de Ely. In Staplehou hundredo. In Saham tenet idem Abbas dimidiam hidam. Nordfolk. Terra Regis. In Grimeshou Hundredo. Crokestunam tenuit Stigandus pro v carucatis. [Exch. K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 1, fos. 208, 209/ T. of R. Breviate of Domesday, sub loc. (cf. W. de G. Birch in Domesday Studies, II. p. 500).] 18. Hidage Books {nth and 12th centuries), (a) Hidage of the Abbey of Burton {nth cent)1. Ecclesia Sancte Marie de Birtone in Stadfordscire. In ipsa villa habet unam hidam et dimidiam. Terra est ij carucis. Valent lxx solidos. In Brantestone tenet i hidam et dimidiam. Terra v carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Witmere cum appendiciis i hidam et dimidiam. Terra vij carucis. Valent L solidos. In Stratone una hida et dimidia. Terra ij carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Brunlege cum appendiciis dimidia hida. Terra est i caruce. Valet xx solidos. In Derlavestone iij virgate terre. Terra est ij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. 1 The date given here is on the authority of the learned editors, but the earliest MS. appears to be of the 12th century.
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In Lege iij virgate terre. Terra est iij carucis. Valent xl solidos. In Acouere cum appendiciis iij virgate terre. Terra i caruce. Valent xx solidos. In Witestone una hida. Terra i caruce. Valet v solidos. In Bedintone dimidia hida. Terra ij carucis. Valet x solidos. In Derby habet ecclesia de Bertone unum molinum et unam masuram liberam et alias duas de quibus rex habet socam. In Ufre x carucate terre cum appendiciis. Terra xv carucis. Valent x libras. Ad socam ipsius Manerii pertinent vi carucate terre et ii bovate. In Apleby [ii] carucate terre. Terra [v] carucis. Valent iij libras. In Wineshylle ij carucate terre. Terra iij carucis. Valent iij libras. In Cotes ij carucate terre. Terra iij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. In Stapenhylle iiij carucate terre et ij bovate. Terra iiij carucis. Valent iij libras. In Caldwelle ij carucate terre. Terra ij carucis. Valent xx solidos. In Tichinhalle v bovate terre et tertiam partem unius bovate. Valent x solidos. Caldewelle dedit rex Willelmus rnonachis pro beneficio. In Warwicesira, Aldulvestrev ij hide et dimidia. Terra iiij carucis. Valent xxx solidos. [Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon Charters {Ordnance Office) III. {last sheet); Burton Cartulary, fo. 3 (W. Salt, Arch. Coll. V. {1) 7).] {b)
Hidage of the Hundreds of Leicestershire {temp. Henry I).
Hundredum de Beltona. In eadem villa, Normannus de Verdona vi carucatas. In Overtona, Ricardus Basset iiij carucatas. In Wrdintona, i carucatam. In alia Overtona, Robertus de Ferrariis ij carucatas. Ibidem, Comes Cestrie i carucatam. In Stantona, Robertus de Ferrariis ij carucatas. Ibidem Normannus de Verdona iij carucatas. In Dailescroft, Philippus de Bello Campo, Marescallus, i carucatam. In Donintona, Comes Cestrie, cum appendiciis, xxii carucatas et dimidiam. In Witewic, Comes Lercestrie i carucatam et dimidiam. Ibidem, Robertus de Ferrariis i carucatam et dimidiam. \Exch. K. R. Knight? Service 1/7 {ed. Round, F. E.,p. 200).] {c) Hidage of the Hundreds of Northamptonshire {temp. Henry I). Naueford. In Tytheni, Robertus de Ferrers x hidas. Ibidem, Ascelinus de Watervilla iij hidas et i virgatam, et tres partes dimidie hide de Burgo. In Thrapstona, Radulfus filius Ogeri ij hidas et i virgatam de feudo de Brunne. Ibidem Robertus filius Edeline i hidam et i virgatam de feudo de Clare.
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In Torpe et Achirche, Ascelinus de Watervilla vj hidas [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. In Cloptona, Walterus i hidam et i virgatam de feudo Regis. Ibidem iij hidas [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. Ibidem Ascelinus dimidiam hidam de feudo Burgi. Wadenhowe. Albricus de Ver ii hidas et j virgatam de feudo Regis David. Ibidem, Wymunt de Stoke j virgatam de feudo Burgi. Ibidem, Rogerus Infans ij parvas virgatas de eodem feudo. Ibidem, Wivienus de Chirchefelde dimidiam hidam de eodem feudo. Ibidem, Galfridus de Gonthorp ij hidas de eodem feudo. In Catteworth, j hidam [et] dimidiam de feudo Burgi. [MS. Cott. Vesp. E. 22, fo. 94 {ed. Round, F. E.pp. 216-7).] (d)
The Lindsey Survey {temp. Henry I).
Radulfus de Criol, in Magha Linberga, ij carucatas. Walterus de Ganto in Bartuna et Ferebi et pendiciis xvij carucatas, et in Horcheston iiij carucatas quas Alanus de Perci tenet. Goffridus Murdac in Torp et Bechebi j carucatam et vj bovatas. Alanus de Perci in Horchestona iiij carucatas et in Immingeham et Torentuna v carucatas, et in Sumerdebi ij carucatas et iiij bovatas, et in Ounebi ij carucatas et iij bovatas et in Haburc j carucatam et in Wttuna j bovatam et dimidiam et in Brunum iiij bovatas et in Seurebi quartam partem unius bovate, et in Cadenai quartam partem unius bovate, et in Grossebi quartam partem unius bovate. Rodbertus de Chalk et Gosfridus Halselinus in Wragebi iiij carucatas et v bovatas et terciam partem unius bovate. Normannus de Araceio in Stalinburc ij carucatas et ij bovatas et in Immigheham iiij bovatas, et in Lopingeham iiij bovatas, et in Chilvingheholm iiij carucatas et iij bovatas, et in Wttuna vj bovatas et dimidiam, et in Vlesbi vj bovatas, et in Parvo Linbergo iiij bovatas et in Broclesbi ij bovatas, et in Chelebi v bovatas et terciam partem unius bovate et in Haburc iiij bovatas. Rodbertus Episcopus Lincolniensis in Golsa et Wttuna iij carucatas, et in Elesham ij carucatas et ij bovatas, et in Wlfrichebi j carucatam et dimidiam, et in Bechebi Gilbertus de Nova Villa tenet j carucatam, et in Chelebi ipse Gislbertus v bovatas, et in Vlesbi ipse Gislbertus iiij bovatas ; et in Stalinburc ij bovatas quas Gislbertus tenet. Rodbertus nepos episcopi in Linbergo iij carucatas, et in Bondebi vij carucatas, et in Stalinburc j carucatam. Hugo de Valle in Helesham j carucatam quam Ricardus films Asberti vicecomitis tenet. Comes Britannie in Cadenai j carucatam et iiij bovatas et in Nordchelesia j carucatam, et in Cherlingtuna iiij bovatas, et in Seurebi iij bovatas, et in Chilvingheholm ij carucatas et ij bovatas. Comes de Mellento iij carucatas et iiij bovatas in Crosthestuna et Cherligtuna, et in Wlfrechebi. [MS. Cott. Claud. C. 5 {ed. Greenstreet, p. 16).]
Fiscal Inquisitions (e)
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Hidage of the Church of Worcester (? 12th century).
Descriptio terre Episcopatus Wigorniensis Ecclesie secundum cartam Regis que est in Thesauro Regis. Ecclesia sancte Marie de Wirecestre habet j hundret, quod vocatur Osuualdeslau, in quo jacent ccc hide, de quibus episcopus ipsius ecclesie, a constitutione antiquorum temporum, habet omnes redditiones socharum, et omnes consuetudines inibi pertinentes ad dominicum victum, et Regis servitium et suum: ita ut nullus vicecomes ullam ibi habere possit querelam, nee in aliquo placito, nee in alia qualibet causa. Hoc attestatur totus Comitatus. He predicte ccc hide fuerunt de ipso dominio ecclesie, et siquid de ipsis cuicumque homini quolibet modo attributum vel prestitum fuisset ad serviendum inde episcopo, ille, qui earn terram prestitam sibi tenebat, nullam omnino consuetudinem sibimet inde retinere poterat, nisi per episcopum; neque terram retinere, nisi usque ad impletum tempus, quod ipsi inter se constituerant; et nusquam cum ea terra se vertere poterat. [MS. Cotton. Tib. A. 13, fo. 136 (ed. Hearne,pp. 298-9).]
19. Royal Inquisition of Burgage Holdings in Winchester (temp. Henry / ) . (a) Narrative Writ and Form of Inquisition. Henricus Rex volens scire quid Rex Edwardus habuit omnibus modis Wintonie in suo dominico, burgensium suorum sacramento hoc comprobari iussit. Volebat enim illud inde penitus habere, s[icut] Rex Edwardus suo tempore indeli habuit. Hoc igitur sacramentum turn factum fuit, de quattuor xx et vj burgensibus melioribus Wintonie, presente Willelmo episcopo et Herberto camerario et Radulfo Basset et Goisfrido Ridel et Willelmo de Pontearcharum. Hoc autem burgenses, peracto sacramento, a porta orientali ceperunt inquirere e thergingis (sic). (b) The Inquisition. Alwinus Sidessone tenuit tempore Regis Eadwardi ij domus reddentes de langabulo vj denarios et omnes alias consuetudines Regis et Rex earn tenuit in dominico. Modo earn tenet filius Radulfi Roselli quia dimissa fuit ei a patre et nullam consuetudinem inde unquam reddidit, et reddit L J . [Liber Wintoniae, fo. 1 (Domesday Book IV. 531).]
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20. (i) Inquisition of the Plough-teams of Tenants by Serjeanty in Yorkshire in connexion with the Carucage of 1198. {a) The Return. Excellentissimo domino suo H[uberto] Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, tocius Anglie primati, devoti sui R. (sic) prior de Giseburn [and seven other collectors], Salutem, et tarn debitum quam devotum per omnia famulatum. Noverit excellencia vestra nos itinerantes in Northrithinge ad ponenda tallagia super wainagia carucarum juxta mandatum vestrum, variis negotiis detentos in Richemundesira et Aveland, non potuisse venire ad wapentacium de Pykeringe ante diem Veneris proximam post festum Sancte Trinitatis. Ideo servientes domini Regis, tenentes de domino Rege per serjantiam, non potuerunt coram nobis comparere apud Lundoniam ad diem a nobis eis statutum, scilicet in octabis clausi Pentecostes. Et quia, absque presencia eorum, de Valencia terrarum suarum et de numero carucarum certificari non potuimus, eis diem prefiximus esse coram nobis apud Lundoniam die dominica proxima ante festum Sancti Barnabe apostoli. (b) The Inquisition. Nomina militum et libere tenentium qui interfuerunt ubi terra Thome de Waukeriham, quam tenet de serjantia in Geveldal, et Johannis la Poer, quam tenet in Watlinton et in Jarum et in Barneby, et Roberti de Geveldale quam tenet in eadem; Willelmus filius Radulfi [and six other jurors\. Isti dicunt in veredictis suis quod terra Johannis le Poer, quam tenet in serjantia archerie apud Waplitton et apud Jarum et apud Barneby, valet annuatim xij /., scilicet due carucate terre et dimidia in Waplington, et due carucate et dimidia in Jarum, et vj bovate in Barneby. [The holdings of Thomas de Waukeriham and Robert de Geveldale follow?^ [Testa de Nevill II. 689 (ed. Record Com.,p. 377).] (ii) Further Proceedings connected with the Inquisition of Carucage (1198). (a) Commission (recited) of the fustices Itinerant for Yorkshire, etc. Eodem anno Hugo Bardulfi, et magister Rogerus Arundel, et Gaufridus Hachet, quibus commisse fuerant Lincolnesira, Notinchamsira, Derebisira, Everwicsira, Norhumberland, Westmeriland, Cumberland, Loncastre, itinerantes placitaverunt placita corone Regis. (b) Articles of Inquisition. Item de placitis corone Regis xi. De sergentariis domini Regis, quis eas habeat, et per quern, et quantum valent, et qui finem non fecerint ad auxilium domini Regis, et qui fecerunt, et finis capiatur. [Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden (Rolls) IV. 61-2.]
Fiscal Inquisitions
3$
(c) The Middlesex Inquisition of Carucage1 (1198). Comitatus Middelsexe.... Willelmus filius Ote tenet in Lillestona, in servencia, unam carucatam ter.re que valet x\s., per servicium servandi signa Regis Monete; et facit servicium suum per totum annum. [ Testa de Nevill, p. 362.] (d) The Middlesex Eyre (1198)1. Placita Corone placitata apud Clerkenewellam coram Gaufrido filio Petri et sociis suis, anno x regis Ricardi. Hundredum de Spelthorne. Willelmus filius Othonis tenet xls. de sergentia de cuneis in Londonia, et non finivit. {Curia Regis Roll, No. 9, rot. 9 d (ed. Rec. Com. I. 216).] (iii) General Assessment of a Carucage of 2s. (1220). (a) Writ of Assessment. Rex Vicecomiti Norhantesire, Salutem. Scias quod pro magna necessitate nostra et urgentissima debitorum nostrorum instantia, necnon et pro conservatione terre nostre Pictavie, concesserunt nobis, sui gratia, communiter, omnes magnates et fideles totius regni nostri donum nobis faciendum, scilicet de qualibet caruca, sicut juncta fuit in crastino Beati Johannis Baptiste proximo preterito, anno regni nostri quarto, duos solidos, per manum tuam et duorum de legalioribus militibus comitatus tui colligendos, qui de voluntate et consilio omnium de comitatu in pleno comitatu eligentur ad hoc faciendum. Et ideo tibi precipimus, firmiter et districte injungentes, quatinus, convocato comitatu tuo pleno, de voluntate et consilio eorum de comitatu, eligi facias duos de legalioribus militibus totius comitatus qui melius sciant, velint, et possint huic negotip ad commodum nostrum intendere ; et illis tecum assumptis statim donum illud per totam bailliam tuam facias assideri et colligi de singulis carucis, sicut predictum est; exceptis dominicis archiepiscoporum, episcoporum et rusticorum suorum, et exceptis dominicis ordinum Cisterciensis et de Premustre. Et videas quod districte et aperte scias nobis respondere in crastino Sancti Michaelis proximo instantis, apud Londoniam, quot fuerint in bailliva tua caruce de quibus donum illud habere debeafnus; et denarios inde provenientes per manus predictorum duorum militum et tuam salvo colligi facias, et illos facias venire usque Londoniam predicto die, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis predictorum duorum militum, et in domo Novi Templi salvo reponi donee provisum fuerit quid inde fieri debeat; et tu, sicut te ipsum et 1 No Pleadings for Yorkshire have been preserved. this sequence see above, p. 23.
H. F. II.
For Dr Round's valuable notes on 3
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omnia tua diligis, sic inde te intromittas, ne, occasione malefice inquisition is et collectionis per te et predictos milites facte, oporteat nos postea districtam facere inquisitionem per fideles a curia nostra missos, ad gravem confusionem tuam et illorum qui tecum interfuerint predicte Inquisitioni et collectioni faciende. Teste [me ipso] apud Oxoniam, ix die Augusti [4 Henry / / / ] . [Close Roll 4 Hen. Ill m. 5 d {Record Com. I. p. 437).] {b) The Return {Assessment). Hec est recepta carucagii ultimo assisi, anno regni Regis Henrici tercii quinto, de terris comitum, baronum, militum et libere tenentium et aliorum laicorum terras excolentium, exceptis feodis ecclesiasticis, scilicet per manus Henrici de Scaccario vicecomitis Berksire, Willelmi. de Stanford et Willelmi de Waucy ad illam collectam recipiendam electorum. De Borewardescote, pro xx carucis, xl.r. De Sriveham cum tenura, pro xlvi carucis et parte caruce, iiij /. xij s. ij d. De Kingestone, Henrici filii Geroldi, cum tenura, pro xvij carucis, xxxiiij s. De Cumptone, Walteri de Bello Campo, pro sex carucis, xij s. De Orderstone, Hugonis filii Hugonis, pro sex carucis, xij s. De Coleshulle, Stephani filii Ynardi, pro v carucis, xs. De Etone, Willelmi de Hastinges, pro x carucatis terre, xxs. [K. R. Knight's Fees, Bundle 2, K. R. Misc. Bk. No. 6 {Testa de Nevill), fo. 574 {ed. Record Com., p. 131 b).]
21. Local Assessments payable by the Hundred (1 Edward I), {a) Writ of Extent. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, dilecto clerico suo Johanni de Trillowe, Salutem. Volentes quibusdam de causis quod Thesaurarius et Barones de Scaccario nostro certiorentur super vero valore ville de Burford et hundredi de Chadlyntone cum pertinenciis in comitatu Oxonie, que in manu nostra per forisfactum Hugonis le Despenser junioris nuper inimici et rebellis nostri existunt, quid, videlicet, et quantum predicta villa per se et dictum hundredum per se valeant per annum, ut in serviciis, redditibus, et in omnibus aliis exitibus juxta verum valorem eorundem, salvis serviciis inde debitis, et de industria vestra plenarie confidentes, assignavimus vos ad dictam villam et hundredum extendenda in forma predicta. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos diem et locum quos ad hoc provideritis, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto de visneto ubi dicta villa et hundredum existunt, extentas illas faciatis, et eas
Fiscal Inquisitions
35
distincte et aperte factas habeatis ad Scaccarium nostrum apud Eboracum quam primum poteritis, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, et hoc breve: mandamus enim vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod ad certos diem et locum, quos ei scire facietis, venire faciat coram vobis tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva sua de visneto predicto per quos extente ille melius fieri possint. Et taliter et ita proinde vos habeatis in hac parte quod circumspectionem vestram merito debeamus commendare. In cujus rei testimonium has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste venerabili patre H[enrico] Lincolniensi Episcopo, Thesaurario nostro, apud Eboracum, septimo die Novembris, anno regni nostri primo. Per breve de magno sigillo inter Communia de anno secundo, quoad hundredum predictum extendendum, et per Barones quoad dictam villam extendendam. (b) Writ of Assistance. Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Oxonie et Berkesire, Salutem. Cum assignavimus dilectum clericum nostrum Johannem de Trillowe ad extendendam villam de Burford et hundredum de Chadlyntone in comitatu predicto ; que in manu nostra per forisfactum Hugonis le Despenser Junioris nuper inimici et rebellis nostri existunt, quid, videlicet, et quantum predicta villa per se et dictum hundredum per se valeant per annum, ut in serviciis, redditibus et in omnibus aliis exitibus juxta verum valorem eorundem, salvis serviciis inde debitis, prout in Litteris nostris Patentibus eidem Johanni inde confectis plenius continetur; tibi precipimus quod ad certos diem et locum, quos idem Johannes tibi scire faciet ex parte nostra, venire facias coram eo tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva tua de visneto ubi dicta villa et hundredum existunt per quos extente predicte melius fieri possint. Teste H[enrico] Lincolniensi Episcopo, Thesaurario nostro, apud Eboracum, vij die Novembris, anno regni nostri primo. Per breve [etc. as above]. (c) The Extent. Oxonia. Extenta Hundredi de Chadelyntone in comitatu Oxonie, facta coram Johanne de Trillowe, per breve domini Regis de Scaccario patens, die Mercurii in festo Sancte Katerine Virginis, anno regni Regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum primo, per sacramentum \names ofjurors follow]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod villata de Tauntone cum hameletto de Mora, que est in predicto hundredo, reddit singulis annis de certo redditu ad festum Sancti Martini xiiij s. viij d.; et ad idem festum de quodam redditu qui vocatur Wartselver, xd.; et ad festa Annunciationis Beate Marie et Nativitatis Beate Marie per equales porciones de quodam certo redditu qui vocatur hidagium, XXJ. \The assessments of other townships follow^] 3—2
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Item, dicunt quod amerciamenta et proficua visus franciplegii in toto hundredo valent per annum, per estimationem, iiij /. Item, dicunt quod placita et perquisita hundredi predicti valent per annum cum omnibus pertinenciis, per estimationem, xxs. Summa tocius extente xxiiij /. xj s. vij d. quadrantem. Inde vicecomiti Oxonie qui pro tempore fuerit, in subsidio firme Comitatus, ex s. ij d. per opus. Et sic valet dictum hundredum cum omnibus pertinenciis de claro, xix /. xvij d. quadrantem. In cujus rei testimonium predicti juratores huic extente sigilla sua apposuerunt. Datum die, loco et anno predictis. [Endorsed.] Oxonia. Extenta hundredi de Chadlingtone. {Exchequer K. R. Extents, 84 (5).] (ii) Assessments on the Knight's Fee. 22—25. Inquisitions of Knight's Service (12th and 1 },th centuries).— The constitutional and fiscal character of these documents has been exhaustively described by Dr Round. For No. 22 reference should also be made to the essays of Professor Haskins and Mr Powicke1. It will be noticed that, in No. 24, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the lost writ of 1166 from various recitals of its tenor in the body of existing Returns. The diplomatic construction of these documents is sufficiently explained by the arrangement adopted here. 26 and 27. General Assessments based on the Knights Fee (13th and i$th centuries).—The Aids granted in the 12th century by nonmilitary tenants, and in the 13th by all classes of tenants (No. 26). constitute an expedient that was resorted to at times during the whole period of the feudal tenures. Their form resembles that of purely military assessments, but the application of the principle of assessment on the Knight's fee to later taxation in the nature of a Parliamentary Subsidy could produce a somewhat incongruous result (No. 27).
22. Recognition of the Knights' Fees of the Bishop of Bayeux {temp. Henry I). (a) Narrative Writ and Form of Inquisition. Henricus, Dux Normannorum et Comes Andegavorum, Hugoni, Dei gratia Rothomagensi archiepiscopo, et omnibus episcopis, comitibus et baronibus suis de Normannia, Salutem. Quoniam ecclesia Baiocensis, post mortem Odonis episcopi, per subsequentium episcoporum impotentiam, cum per eorundem negligentiam et pervenditiones 1
E. H. R. xxn. 15 sq. and A. H. R. VIII. 635 sq.
Fiscal Inquisitions
37
et donationes et commutationes ab ipsis factas, fere ad nichilum redacta erat, ne funditus ecclesia predicta destrueretur, provide Henricus rex, avus meus, instituit ut, juramento antiquorum hominum qui rem norant, recognoscerentur tenedure jam dicte ecclesie sicut fuerant in tempore predict! Odonis, tarn in dominicis quam in feodis militum, vavassorum et rusticorum; ipsius equidem tempore hec omnia jurata sunt et recognita et sepe dicte ecclesie precepto ejus resignata, et munimine carthe sue, quocumque modo a possessione ecclesie alienata essent, reddita sunt et confirmata. Subinde, Gaufridus, Comes Andegavorum, pater meus, commonitione et precepto apostolicorum virorum Lucii et Eugenii, qui omnium episcoporum Baiocensium, ab Odone usque ad Philippum succedentium donationes et venditiones et commutationes et omnes alienationes quas de predicte ecclesie beneficiis fecerant irritas esse preceperunt, item dominica et feoda et omnes Baiocensis ecclesie teneduras, sicut fuerant in tempore Henrici Regis jurata, juramento fecit recognosci, et sicut Baiocensis ecclesia in tempore Odonis episcopi tenuerat, ea ex integro eidem ecclesie resignavit et cartha sua confirmavit. Vestigiis igitur antecessorum meorum, avi scilicet et patris, inherere concupiscentes, et patrum meorum apostolicorum Lucii et Eugenii commonitioni et precepto obtemperare volentes et debentes, mandamus et precipimus ut dominica et feoda et possessiones, libertates et consuetudines Baiocensis ecclesie, et omnes tenedure quas habuit in tempore Odonis episcopi, sicut unquam ea melius et liberius in tempore ejus habuit, juramento legitimorum et antiquorum hominum, qui rem norint, recognoscantur sicut fuerunt jurata et recognita in tempore avi mei et patris. Ea itaque omnia sepe memorate ecclesie reddimus, concedimus et confirmamus. Testibus, [etc.]. Apud Falesiam. [Antiquus Cartularius Ecclesiae Baiocensis, I. 20—22.] (b) The Names and Oath of the Recognitors1. Nomina illorum qui juraverunt se verum dicere de feodis militum tenentium de ecclesia Baiocensi et servitiis eorum post mortem Ricardi filii Samsonis. [Names ofjurors follow.] (c) The Return. Episcopus Baiocensis debet invenire x optimos milites ad servitium Regis Francorum per xl dies; et ad eos procurandos, debet capere in unoquoque feodo militis xxs. Rothomagensis monete. Cum autem inveniet Duci Normannie xl milites per xl dies, debet capere in unoquoque feodo militis x\s. predicte monete et nihil amplius. Ad servitium vero Episcopi debent omnes esse parati armis et equis. Et unusquisque miles debet feodum suum relevare de morte patris sui per xv /. Rothomagensis monete vel per equum et loricam. [Red Book of the Exchequer, fo. 162 (Rolls Ed. pp. 646-7).] 1 (b) and (c) cannot be positively identified with (a) or its recitals, but the analogy suffices to demonstrate the formulas.
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23. Recognition of the Knights Fees of the Honour of Arundel {temp. Henry I or Henry II). (a) Narrative Writ, Form of Recognition and Names of furors. Carta Comitis de Arundel—Dominus noster Rex Henricus, quadam contentione que surrexit inter milites de honore de Arundel de exercitu quodam de Wallia, elegit quatuor milites de honore, de melioribus et legalioribus et antiquioribus, scilicet, Humfridum de Sarcillis et Radulfum filium Bruni et Willelmum de Favarches et Petrum de Hantona, et fecit eos recognoscere servitium militum de honore, et super legalitatem et sacramenta eorum inde neminem audire voluit. Fuit autem hec recognitio eorum. {b) The Return {schedule). Pettewrtha xxij milites et dimidium.
{Other knights' fees follow>.]
[Black Book of the Exchequer, fo. i$d {ed. Red Book of the Exchequer {Rolls), p. 200).]
24. {a)
Inquisition of Knight's Service (1166). The Writ of Inquisition1.
Henricus Rex Anglorum, Dux Normannorum et Aquitanorum et Comes Andegavorum, vicecomiti Eboracsire, Salutem. Precipio tibi quod mandari facias omnibus fidelibus meis clericis et laicis qui de me tenent in capite in Eboracsira, per fidem et ligantiam quas mihi debent, ut mandent mihi, per literas suas extra sigillum pendentes, quot milites quisquis habeat de veteri fefamento de tempore Regis Henrici avi rriei, scilicet anno et die in quo ipse Rex Henricus fuit vivus et mortuus; et quot habeat de novo fefamento post mortem ejusdem avi mei; et quot feoda militum sint super dominium uniuscujusque. Et omnium illorum nomina, tam de novo fefamento quam de veteri, et quantum unusquisque eorum debeat, sint in illo brevi scripta. Quia volo quod, si aliqui ibi sunt qui nondum fecerunt mihi ligantiam et quorum nomina non sunt scripta in rotulo meo, infra Dominicam primam Quadragesime ligantiam mihi faciant. Test[ibus]—apud [Clarendonam]. {b) The Return. Amantissimo domino suo Henrico, Dei gratia Regi Anglorum et Duci Normannorum et Aquitanorum et Comiti Andegavorum, suus Rogerus eadem gratia Eboracensis Archiepiscopus, Apostolice Sedis Legatus, Salutem. Precepit dignitas vestra omnibus fidelibus vestris, clericis et laicis, qui de vobis tenent in capite in Eboracsira, ut mandent 1 Reconstructed from the Return of the Archbishop of York collated with other Returns preserved in the Red and Black Books of the Exchequer.
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39
vobis per literas suas, extra sigillum pendentes, quot milites fefatos quisquis habeat de veteri fefamento de tempore Regis avi vestri, scilicet de die et anno quo ipse fuit vivus et mortuus, et quot habeat de novo fefamento fefatos post mortem bone memorie avi vestri ejusdem. Et quot feoda militum sunt super dominium uniuscujusque. Et omnium illorum nomina, tarn de novo fefamento quam de veteri fefatorum, sint in illo brevi scripta; quia vultis quod si aliqui ibi sunt, qui nondum fecerunt vobis ligantiam, et quorum nomina non sunt scripta in rotulo vestro, quod infra dominicam primam Quadragesime ligantiam vobis faciant. Quorum ego unus, jussioni vestre per omnia subjectus, cum omni diligentia investigavi in tenemento meo, prout brevitas temporis passa est, et presenti scripto vobis, domino meo, significo. Inprimis erga sciatis, domine, super dominium Archiepiscopatus Eboracensis nullum feodum est militis, quoniam tot habemus fefatos milites per quos aquietavimus omne servitium quod vobis debemus, sicut et predecessores nostri fecerunt; et plures etiam habemus quam vobis debeamus, sicut ex presenti subscriptione cognoscere poteritis. Antecessores enim nostri, non pro necessitate servitii, quod debent, sed quia cognatis et servientibus suis providere volebant, plures quam debebant Regi feodaverunt. Nomina autem fefatorum de tempore Regis Henrici hec sunt. {Schedule follows^ {Black Book of the Exchequer, fo. 67 {ed. Red Book (Rolls), p. 412).]
25. Inquisition of Military Tenures (1212). (a) The Writ of Inquisition (Notts, and Derby). Johannes, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, Dux Normannie, Aquitanie, et Comes Andegavie, vicecomiti Notingham et Dereby, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, sine dilatione, in fide qua nobis teneris, diligenter inquiri facias, sicut melius inquiri poterit, de omnibus feodis militaribus et omnimodis tenementis, infra burgum sive extra, que de nobis tenentur in capite in Baillia tua per militare servitium vel per serjanteriam qualemcunque, et qui ea teneant, et per quod servitium; et similiter de tenementis omnibus que antiquitus de nobis aut de progenitoribus nostris Regibus Anglie teneri solent, que sint data vel alienata per maritagium, vel per servitium, vel per elemosinam, vel alio modo, quominus de nobis tenentur in capite: et omnia ilia tenementa, qualiacumque ilia fuerint, inbreviari facias; et nomina illorum qui ea teneant, et per quod servitium, et de quibus, et per quern data vel alienata fuerint, et quibus occasionibus, a capitali servitio nostro quod nobis vel antecessoribus nostris inde fieri solet. Et quod inde Inquisitio nobis et Baronibus Scaccarii nostri scire facias
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of
per Inquisitionem discrete factam in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptiste sub sigillo tuo, et habeas tecum ibi hoc breve. Teste W. Briwerre apud Westmonasterium, j die Junii [1212]. \Exch. K. R. Knights Service, Bdle 2 {Red Book of the Exchequer {Rolls), cclxxxv.).] {b) The Return. {Form of Inquisition and Names offurors?) Inquisicio facta coram Philippo Marc' vicecomite Notingham de dominicis et feodis domini Regis et quomodo ab eo alienata fuerunt et coram militibus subscriptis, Adam de Sancta Maria {fourteen others named] et aliis juratis discretis. {c)
Schedule.
Reginaldus de Colewico tenet in capite terram in Colewico per serjantiam, per servicium xij sagittarum. {Other holdings follow^ [Ibid. {Testa de Nevill, 17 b).]
26. Inquisition for A ssessment of the Aid of 1235. {a) Writ of Inquisition recited in the Return. Viris Venerabilibus et dominis domino Hugoni de Pateshulle, Thesaurario domini Regis et consociis suis baronibus de Scaccario domini Regis suus H. de Bolebec, vicecomes Northumbrie, Salutem. Noveritis me mandatum domini Regis in hec verba suscepisse. Henricus Dei gratia, etc. vicecomiti Northumbrie, Salutem. Quia feoda baronum qui capitales habent honores in comitatu tuo sunt in diversis comitatibus, de quibus auxilium nobis concesserunt ad maritandam sororem nostram Romano Imperatori, mandamus illis per Litteras nostras, quas tibi mittimus illis porrigendas, quod per litteras suas patentes significent, citra octabas Sancti Johannis, baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium de quot feodis suis, tarn veteribus quam novis, quilibet nobis solvit auxilium predictum, et quibus {sic), et in quibus comitatibus, et qui feoda ilia tenent, et in quibus villis sint feoda ilia, ut sic scire possimus an totum auxilium nobis fuerit solutum sicut nobis liberaliter fuit concessum. Et quia plures alii sunt in comitatu tuo qui singulariter et minora de nobis tenent in capite, quibus non scribimus, tibi precipimus quatenus, in fide qua nobis teneris, nomina singulorum qui talia feoda de nobis tenent in comitatu tuo et in quibus villis feoda ilia sint per litteras tuas patentes, citra predictum terminum, significes predictis baronibus de Scaccario. Et similiter nomina illorum omnium qui de nobis tenent per serjantiam vel socagium, et ubi, et in quibus villis sint dicte serjantie et socagia, et quales sint serjantie et ille, distincte et aperte, ita curiose et diligenter premissa omnia exequens, quod ad te per negligentiam tuam capere non debeamus. Teste, [etc.].
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Et sciatis quod hoc breve venit ad me paulo ante Nativitatem Sancti Johannis Baptiste. Ego vero hujus mandati execucionem cum omni qua potui diligencia et per discretam Inquisicionem facere procuravi in forma subscripta. (b) Schedule to the Return. Jordanus Hayrun tenet in capite de domino Rege, per servicium unius militis, Hadiston, Colewel, Swineburne Occidentalem, Parvam Bentone, Chirtone Occidentalem, Hatford, de veteri feodo. [Other entries follow^ [Testa de Nevill, 388 £, 389 a.]
27. Inquisition for Assessment of the Subsidy of 1431. (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie, dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo Vernoun, militi [etc.] ac vicecomiti Derby, Salutem. Cum communitates regni nostri Anglie de assensu [etc.], in parliamento nostro apud Westmonasterium ultimo tento existentes, quoddam subsidium, inter alia, pro defensione dicti regni nostri Anglie nobis auctoritate ejusdem parliamenti concesserint sub eo qui sequitur tenore verborum [Rot. Par/. IV. 369], Nos volentes de summis predictis [etc.] assignavimus vos, quinque, quatuor et tres vestrum, ad inquirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de dicto comitatu Derby, tarn infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, de omnimodis maneriis terris et tenementis per personas laicas in dicto comitatu Derby per aliud servicium quam per servicium militare tentis [etc.]. Ac etiam de quibuscumque maneriis, terris et tenementis in eodem comitatu Derby tentis per servicium integri feodi militis seu per servicia partium feodorum militum, descendendo ab eodem integro feodo militis usque ad decimam partem unius feodi militis; et similiter hujusmodi decime partis et de personis laicis in dominico suo ut de libero tenemento dicto die Veneris similiter inde seisitis; necnon de quibuscumque maneriis terris et tenementis per personas spirituales, aut aliquas alias personas ad usum alicujus hujusmodi personarum spiritualium, in dicto comitatu Derby tentis per aliud servicium quam per servicium militare [etc.]. Et ad Inquisiciones super premissis distincte et aperte factas nobis ad Scaccarium nostrum, sub sigillis vestris, quinque [etc.], et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, ad octabas Sancti Martini proxime futuras, vel citra, mittendas et liberandas una cum hoc brevi. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod circa premissa diligenter intendatis [etc.]. Et tu, prefate vicecomes, ad certos dies et loca quos vos, quinque, quatuor vel tres vestrum ad hoc provideritis, venire facias coram vobis, quinque, [etc.], tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva tua [etc.] per quos [etc.]. Damus autem [clause of assistance]. In cujus rei testimonium
42
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has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste Humfredo, duce Gloucestrie, custode Anglie, apud Westmonasterium xij die Aprilis anno regni nostri nono. {Patent Roll, g Hen. VI, Pt. I. m. id(Cal.p.
136).]
(b) Mandate for the Return of the above Inquisitions on the Morrow of Hilary in View of a Stay of the Proceedings. Henricus, etc. [as in (a)] dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo Vernoun, militi, ac dilectis sibi [other Commissioners named], Salutem. Cum communitates regni nostri Anglie, etc. [reciting above Letters Patent (a)] Nos, pro eo quod intelleximus quod Litere nostre predicte vobis sic directe citra Octabas predictas ad commodum nostrum propter temporis brevitatem per vos nequeunt debite execucioni demandari, de avisamento et assensu consilii nostri, volumus et vobis mandamus quod omnes et singulas Inquisiciones per vos vigore Literarum nostrarum predictarum debite captas et capiendas nobis ad dictum Scaccarium nostrum ad crastinum Sancti Hillarii proxime futurum mittatis sive liberetis, una cum literis nostris predictis et hoc brevi; eo quod Inquisiciones vestre, per vos in ea parte facte seu fiende, ad dictum Scaccarium nostrum ad Octabas predictas, vigore literarum predictarum, mitti sive liberari deberent non obstante. Mandavimus enim thesaurario et baronibus de Scaccario nostro predicto quod cuicumque processui coram eis, pretextu assignacionis predicte, versus vos seu aliquem vestrum in dicto Scaccario nostro facto vel faciendo usque Crastinum predictum interim supersedeant. Teste Humfredo, duce Gloucestrie [etc.], apud Westmonasterium, primo die Novembris, anno regni nostri decimo. Per consilium. Frank. [Lay Subsidies, 91/59 {Feudal Aids, I. 274).] (c)
The Return {endorsed on the Writ).
Execucio istarum Literarum Patencium patet in quibusdam inquisicionibus eisdem literis annexis. Has Literas Patentes unacum septem Inquisicionibus eisdem consutis liberavit hie Henricus Pole, filius infrascripti Petri Pole, sub sigillis ipsius Petri et aliorum commissionariorum quintodecimo die Januarii anno xmo regis Henrici sexti. {d) The Inquisition {in a Schedule). [Villa de Chesterfeld.] Inquisicio capta apud Chesterfeld in comitatu Derby coram Johanne Curson [and three other Commissioners], die Sabbati proxima ante festum Natalis Domini anno regni regis Henrici sexti post conquestum decimo, virtute quarundam Literarum domini Regis Patencium ac cujusdam brevis ejusdem domini Regis tarn prefatis Johanni [etc.], quam Ricardo Vernon, militi et vicecomiti comitatus predicti, directarum et huic Inquisicioni consutarum; per sacramentum Thome Hewgate de Chesterfeld [and eleven otherjurors],
Fiscal Assessments
43
proborum et legalium hominum de villa de Chesterfeld in comitatu predicto juratorum, qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Johanna Holand de Brun in comitatu Lincolnie, comitissa Kancie, tenuit die Veneris proxima ante festum Sancti Hillarii proximo preteritum, in dominico, manerium de Chesterfeld, cum membris et pertinenciis suis, in comitatu Derby, in soccagio, et valet per annum, ultra reprisas, xl /. [Other entries follow.] [Lay Subsidies, 91/59 {Feudal Aids, I. 275).] (iii) Assessments on the Value of Property. 28—30. Parliamentary Subsidies (1297— 1316).—Three specimens have been given here to illustrate the procedure, in respect of Assessment, as well as the formulas of these technical documents. In the case of the first (No. 28) the proceedings printed in the Rolls of Parliament have been merely arranged to indicate their diplomatic sequence with the addition of a unique fragment of the Assessment in question. In the second case (No. 29) an interesting and partially unpublished sequence of documents relating to an Assignment of the Fifteenth of 1301 in the nature of a Mutuum1 has been given to illustrate the tortuous imperial finance of the Edwardian period. To these another specimen of parliamentary taxation (No. 30) has been added from a published source. 31—33. Ecclesiastical Assessments.—It is generally considered that the 'Saladin Tithe' of 1188 initiated the new system of an Assessment by way of poundage which has prevailed since the latter part of the f3th century. In any case the prevalence of a Tenth is very noticeable, whether for lay or ecclesiastical taxation. In the case of the two famous Records under notice, an attempt has been made to indicate the procedure involved by the collection (No. 31). It was decided, however, to select the episode of the later Taxation of 1318 as affording a more instructive diplomatic sequence than that of 1291. The sequence of documents connected with the Inquisitiones Nonarum (No. 32) deserves careful inspection as it brings out the fact that the printed Returns may be supplemented with advantage from modern discoveries (p. 60 note), whilst the relationship between the Inquisition (b) and the Indenture (c) has scarcely been sufficiently appreciated. An original account (d) is appended to complete the procedure. 1 Cf. Sir J. H. Ramsay, Antiquary, Vols. I., IV., VI., vni., X., and H. Hall, Customs Revenue, II., ch. 10. For the subject of Lay Subsidies, see J. F. Willard in Colorado University Studies, IV., No. 4, and E. H. R. XXI. 727.
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The famous valuation of ecclesiastical benefices at the date of the Reformation (No. 33) resembles that of Pope Nicholas (which it forthwith superseded) as being a fiscal assessment for the purpose of a tithe1. The diplomatic interest of the sequence of documents connected with this Record is perhaps inconsiderable, but they present vernacular formulas and the texts cannot be easily distinguished in the printed volumes.
28. Form of the Collection of a Subsidy of a Ninth granted by Parliament (25 Edward I). (a)
Writ of appointment of Collectors of the Ninth {Cities and Boroughs excluded}. Rex, militibus, libere tenentibus et toti communitati comitatus [Cumbrie] Salutem. Cum Archiepiscopi, [etc.] et alii de regno nostro, extra civitates, burgos et dominica nostra, nonam partem omnium bonorum suorum mobilium, exceptis hiis que in forma taxacionis predicte None sunt excepte, Nobis concesserunt pro innovatione, [etc.] Nos, ut Nona predicta ad minus dampnum et gravamen populi dicti regni nostri levetur et colligatur providere volentes, assignavimus dilectos et fideles nostros Adam de Crokedayk et Thomam de Derwentwatre et Vicecomitem nostrum comitatus predicti, duos, vel unum ipsorum, [etc.], ad dictam Nonam in comitatu predicto assidendam, taxandam, levandam et colligendam et ad Scaccarium nostrum, vel alibi ad mandatum nostrum, deferendam et ibidem solvendam ad terminos subscriptos; unam videlicet medietatem in crastino Sancti Nicholai proxime futuro, et aliam medietatem in crastino Purificationis Beate Marie proxime sequentis. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod predictis Ade et Thome et Vicecomiti, duobus vel uni eorum, quotiens duos vel unum ipsorum abesse contigerit, in premissis sitis intendentes, respondentes, consulentes et auxiliantes in forma predicta, prout ipsi vobis scire facient ex parte nostra. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste [etc.] apud Westmonasterium, xiv die Octobris [25 Edward I]. [Patent Roll, 25 Edward I, m. {Rot. Parl. I. 241).] {b") Form of Assessment. Ceo est la fourme qe les Taxours e les Cuilleours del Noevyme devient garder en mesme le noevyme asseer e lever, c'est asavoir, primes, q'en chescun counte deaux chifs taxours e cuilleurs, e qe ceaux taxours e cuilleurs en les countez ou il serrount mys, par bone 1
For the subject of the Taxation, 1254-91, cf. Miss R. Graham in E. H. R. July 1908, and the Rev. W. Hudson in Norf. and Norm. Arch. Soc. x v n . 46 sq.
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foi e bone examination facent eslire de chescune ville du counte quatre ou deux loiax hommes,.ou meins ou plus solum ce qe les villes sount meindres ou greindres, de quex home se purra mieuz fier, e les quex puissent estre puissantz a respoundre de leur faitz en temps a venir, e suffisauntz pur aseer tuttes les gentz de la ville dount il serrount; E si tieux ne seient trovez, donk seient autres tieux esleux des pluis procheins villes, des pluis loiaux e des pluis suffisauntz; E que ceales gentz des villes ensint eslevves, seint jurees, qui loiaument asserount e taxerount toutes les bons de chescuns des villes ou frount la taxacion qu'il avoient en chaump ou en mesoun, ou ailleurs, le jour de la Seint Michel prochein passe, e par bon e loial pris les priserount, e loiaument mettrount en roule tutes les parceles e les soumes de meisme ceux bien ensint prisez e assis, saunz nuli desportier ou fraude faire par nule manere de colour de parente, de favour, ou d'amiste; E eel roulle desouz lour seaux livrent as chiefs taxours e reteignent le transcrit devers eux, desouz les seaux des cheifs taxours, pur lever les deners. E les deux chiefs asseours e taxours susdits, apres le dit serment resceu des ditz hommes des villes, alient de Hundred en Hundred, e de ville en ville, auxi avaunt cum faire le purrount, a voer, e enqueire, que les biens de chescun seient ben e loiaument assez, e taxez, e prisez, solum ceo que par dreit e resoun estre deverount. E enquirount si nule de villes ait nul bien esloigne que ne seient assis e taxe entre ses autre biens au jour susnome. E s'il seit trove que nul eit nul bien esloigne, que ceaux biens seient taxez auxi avaunt come les autres. E s'il troescent que ceaux des villes ou nul de eaux aient riens concele, ou par doun ou par favour meins bien taxe, ceaux la cressent e parfacent solum lour discrecion en la pluis loiale maner qu'il poount al oes le Roy, e le mettent en un noveal roulle par luy. E facent asavoir au Tresorer e as barouns del Escheker les nouns de ceaux qui issi averount trespasse countre leur serment. E la taxacion des biens a ceaux de villes soit faite par autre loiaux gentz de leu visne qui ne seient mie de lour afnnite, les quieux les chiefs taxours a ce assignerount par bon serment e loial. E la taxacion des biens de chiefs taxours e cuilleurs seit reserve au Tresorier e barouns del Escheker. E si tost come la taxacioun des biens sera faite en la fourme susdite, les chiefs taxours e cuilleurs facent lever e cuillir hastivement le Neovyme a paer al Escheker au jours assignes. E ceste taxacioun seit faite ausi bien des biens as clerks cum des lais, lesqueaux biens ne seient mie annex a lour eglises. E ensement seient taxe en ceste taxacioun les biens des villayns as Ercevesques, evesques, religioux, e de touts autres clerks, qui qu'il seient. E fait asavoir, q'en ceste taxacioun serrount forspris, armeure, mounture, jueaux, e robes as chivalers, e des leurs femmes, e leur vesseal d'or, e d'argent, e d'arreyn ; E les biens de messeaux, la ou il sount governez par sovereyn meseal, ne seient taxes ne prisez; E s'il seient messeaux governez par mestre seyn, seient leur biens taxez come des autres gentz. E les biens de nuli ne seient taxez au Noevyme, s'il n'amountent a neof souz, ou pluis. E si tost cume les gentz des villez averount
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livere lour Roules as chiefs taxours, sicume il est desus dit, meisme ceaux chiefs taxours les facent hastivement transescrivere, e eel transescrit retiegnent devers eaux, e les roulles qu'il averount resceu des ditz gentz des villes facent mettre ensemble par Hundrez, e enveer hastivement souz leur seaux au Tresorer e as barouns del Escheker, par la resoun ke ceste besoigne est si hastive pur la defence de tutte la terre; parquei il covient que ele seiet pluis hastee que einz ces hourez n'ad este. E les taxours, ne leour clerks, riens ne preignent pur chapitres liverier, ne pur tailles faire, ne pur nulle autre chose ke a la dite bosoigne apent. E que les chiefs taxours preignent la moneye le Roy par counte saunz peisser, tiele come court en le Reaume. [Rot. Parl. I. 240.] (c) Sacramentum Taxatorum. Cest est le Serment as taxours e cuilleurs, e'est a saver ; que bien e loiaument, a leur poer e a leur esseint, taxerunt les biens des prodes homes du Reaume, e le Neovyme cuillerount en la fourme que bailie leur est, e solunc co que lour est emonit de par le Roy; e pur rien ne lerrount, ne pur amour ne pur haour, ne pur favour, ne pur doun, ne pur premesse, que loiaument ne le facent, sauntz nuli esparnier, e que rein ne prendrount de nuli qui biens il deverount taxer, ne par eaux ne par autres; E que leaument le presenterount au Tresorer e as Barouns del Escheker, e que ceaux qui desouz eaux les beins taxerount f[erjrount faire autiel serment: E que les clerks qui escriverount leour roulles facent le serment, que leaument enbreverount les nouns, e les soumes de touz, e que nule fraude ne f [erjrount par quei le Roi soit perdaunt n'autre eit damage, e que riens ne prendrount de nuli par enchesoun de eel office, ne pur taille faire, ne pur autre chose, forspris manger e beveir. [Rot. Parl. I. 241 a.] (d) The Assessment (for Biggleswade, co. Beds). Willelmus le Bonde habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., dimidium quarterium ordei, precii xviij d., unum juvencum, precii ij s., unam juvencam, precii iijJ. In feno et stramine ijs. Summa xis. vjd. Inde Nona xvd. ob. Johannes de Wendeye habuit iij quarteria siliginis, precii ixs., unum quarterium ordei, precii iij s., et duos quarterios dragei, precii vs. et duos juvencos, precii vs., et duas vaccas, precii xs., unum porcum, precii ij s. et xvj bidentes, precii xvj s. et iiij agnellos, precii cujusque viij d. Item in stramine x d. et in feno, xviij d. Summa lvj s. Inde Nona, vj s. ij d. ob. qdr. Simon filius prepositi habuit iiij quarteria siliginis, precii xij s. et duo quarteria dragei, precii vs. et duos juvencos, precii cujusque i]s., et duos boviculos, precii cujusque iiij s., et x bidentes, precii xs., et v
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agnellos, precii cujusque viij d. In feno xiij d. In stramine viij d. Summa xliiij s. j d. Inde Nona iiij s. xj d. ob. Robertus Fuloflove habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum juvencum, precii ijs., unam vaccam, precii vs. et duos bidentes, precii ij s. Summa xij s. Inde Nona xvj d. Baldewynus habuit unum quarterium et dimidium siliginis, precii iiij J. vj d., unum afferum, precii ij s., unam vaccam, precii v s. Summa xj s. vj d. Inde Nona xv d. ob. Ricardus Sprot habuit iij quarteria siliginis, precii ixj., unum afferum, precii ij s., unam vaccam, precii v s. et viij bidentes, precii viij s. et iiij agnellos, precii cujusque viij^. Summa xxvjj. v'ujd. Inde Nona ij s. xj d. ob. Gilbertus Piioun habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum juvencum, precii ijs. et duas vaccas, precii cujusque vs. Summa xv s. Inde Nona xx d. Henricus Tungehurst habuit unum quarterium siliginis, precii iij s., unum quarterium dragei, precii ij s. vj d. Item, unum juvencum, precii xviij d, unam juvencam, precii iij J. Summa XJ. Inde Nona xiij d. ob.
Summa tocius villate ix /. ij s. j d. ob. qdr} Probatur. [Lay Subsidies, 71/6.] (e) Ordinance of Parliament for the Levying of the Ninth in the Cities and Boroughs and in A ncient Demesne. Posteaque. cives et tota communitas Londonie concesserunt Regi nonam partem bonorum suorum, ut patet inferius. Ordinatum est per Consilium quod taxatores in singulis comitatibus Anglie taxent et levari faciant Nonam in singulis civitatibus, burgis, et dominicis Regis in Regno Anglie, juxta concessionem prius super hoc communiter factam, et fiunt eis commissiones, in hec verba. (_/")
Appointment Boroughs.
of the Same
Collectors for
the Cities and
Edwardus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie, etc. [as in No. 11] dilectis et fidelibus suis Ade de Crokedayke et Thome de Derwentwatre et Vicecomiti Cumbrelande, taxatoribus et collectoribus None, sibi in eodem comitatu concesse, Salutem. Licet per Literas nostras Patentes assignaverimus vos ad Nonam nobis in regno nostro concessam per Archiepiscopos, [/&".] et alios de eodem regno pro innovacione et confirmacione Magne Carte de libertatibus Anglie,et eciam pro confirmacione Carte de Foresta, habendam, taxandam, colligendam et levandam extra civitates, burgos et dominica nostra; quia tamen volumus quod vos taxacioni, collectioni, et levacioni dicte None in singulis civitatibus, burgis et 1 The valuation of the Bishop of Lincoln's stock amounting to £7. $s. 9,d. assessed at 15J. \\\d. has been cancelled, with the later marginal note Breve.
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dominicis nostris infra comitatum predictum similiter intendatis, assignavimus vos, duos, vel unum vestrum, quotiens vos ipsi tres vel duo interesse non poteritis, ad dictam Nonam in civitatibus, burgis et dominicis nostris predictis, exceptis hiis que in forma taxationis in eisdem civitatibus et burgis faciende, quam vobis mittimus sub sigillo nostro, sunt excepta, assidendam, taxandam, levandam et colligendam, et ad Scaccarium nostrum vel alibi ad mandatum nostrum deferendam et ibi solvendam ad terminos in predictis Litteris contentos: Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod, quam citius poteritis, Nonam predictam taxari, et denarios inde provenientes levari et nobis solvi faciatis in forma predicta. In cujus rei testimonium has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste Edwardo, filio nostro, apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo tertio die Octobris [25 Edward 1\ is)
Form of Assessment for Cities and Boroughs and Ancient Demesne. La fourme de la taxacioun del Noevyme ore graunte au Rey seit tenue en touts ses pointz, ausi ben en citez, burgs e en les demeines le Roy, cum ailleurs, ensemblement ove l'addicioun qe s'ensiwt; c'est asavoir, en citez, burgs e villes merchaundes, ferrount forspris une robe pur le home, e une autre pur sa feme, e un lit pur ambideux, e un anel, e un firmail, e un ceint de seye, qu'il usent touz les jours, e ensement un hanap d'argent, ou de mazre, dount il beyvent. [Rot. Par1.1, 241.] 29. Proceedings connected with an Assignment of a Parliamentary Subsidy in the nature of a Mutuunt (30—32 Edward I). (a) Appointment of Commissioners to negotiate with the commonalty in certain counties. Rex, dilecto et fideli suo Ricardo de Abyndone, Salutem. De vestre circumspeccionis industria plenius confidentes, mittimus vobis, in quadam cedula presentibus interclusa, quandam credenciam militibus, probis hominibus et communitatibus comitatuum Norfolcie et Suffolcie per vos et dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria ex parte nostra vive vocis oraculo exponendam. Mandantes quatinus visa diligenter et intellecta credencia memorata, una cum prefato Waltero circa exposicionem et expedicionem negociorum in eadem credencia contentorum omnem diligenciam quam poteritis apponatis, prout juxta discrecionem vestram melius videritis expedire. Mandavimus enim vicecomitibus comitatuum eorundem quod ad certos dies et loca, quos sibi scire facietis, convenire faciant principales taxatores et collectores Quintedecime in comitatibus predictis, necnon milites et probos homines ac alios de comitatibus illis quos conveniendos esse viderint, ad audiendum et faciendum ea que per vos et prefatum Walterum tune dicentur eisdem ex parte nostra. Mandavimus eciam
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taxatoribus et collectoribus predictis quod vobis et prefato Waltero circa felicem expedicionem negociorum predictorum concilium suum et auxilium efficaciter impendant quociens et prout per vos et predictum Walterum ex parte nostra inde fuerint premuniti. Teste Rege, apud Lynliscu, xviij die Decembris [30 Edward I]. (b)
Writ of Assistance for the above Commissioners to the Sheriff of Norfolk.
Rex, Vicecomiti Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria ad partes Norfolcie cum Litteris nostris de Credencia militibus et probis hominibus ac communitati Comitatus ejusdem directis pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus, militibus et probis hominibus ac communitati predictis ex parte nostra per eundem Walterum exponendis, tibi precipimus quod, ad certos diem et locum quos prefatus Walterus tibi scire faciet, convenire facias principales taxatores et collectores Quintedecime in Comitatu predicto et similiter milites, probos homines, et alios de communitate predicta quos conveniendos esse videris ad audiendum et faciendum ea que per prefatum Walterum tune dicentur eisdem ex parte nostra. Et tu ipse prefato Waltero diligenter assistas prout ipsi tibi ex parte nostra duxerit injungendum, et hoc sicut indignacionem nostram vitare volueris nullo modo omittas. Teste Rege [as above]. (c)
The same for the same to the Assessors and Collectors of the Fifteenth in Norfolk.
Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Walterum de Gloucestria, etc. [as in (b)]. Vobis mandamus quod prefato Waltero circa felicem expedicionem negociorum predictorum vestrum consilium et auxilium efficaciter impendatis quociens et prout per eundem Walterum super hoc ex parte nostra fueritis premuniti. Et hoc sicut [as in (b)] nullatenus omittatis. Teste Rege [as above]. (d)
The same for the same to the Earl Marshal.
Rex, dilecto et fideli suo Rogero le Bygod Comiti Norfolcie et Marescallo Anglie, Salutem. Cum mittamus dilectos et fideles nostros Magistros Ricardum de Abyndone et Walterum de Gloucestria ad partes Norfolcie et Suffolcie cum Litteris nostris de Credencia militibus et probis hominibus ac communitatibus comitatu urn eorundem directis pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus eis ex parte nostra per eosdem Ricardum et Walterum vel eorum alterum exponendis, vos rogamus cum affectu H. F.
11.
4
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quatinus circa expedicionem dictorum negociorum nostrorum, prout a prefatis Ricardo et Waltero vel eorum altero super hoc ex parte nostra fueritis requisiti, vestrum consilium et auxilium efficaciter impendatis. Ita quod negocia ilia, vestro mediante juvamine, felicem et optatum exitum sortiantur. Et hoc, sicut [as in (b)] nullatenus omittatis. Teste Rege [as above]. (e)
The same for the same to the Knights and Commonalty of the County of Norfolk.
Rex, dilectis et fidelibus suis militibus et probis hominibus ac toti communitati comitatus Norfolcie, Salutem. Dilectos et fideles nostros Ricardum de Abyndone et Walterum de Gloucestria pro quibusdam negociis nos et statum nostrum ac commodum regni nostri specialiter tangentibus vobis per ipsos seu eorum alterum ex parte nostra vive vocis oraculo exponendis ad vos duximus destinandos, rogantes cum affectu quatinus eisdem Ricardo et Waltero vel eorum alteri in hiis que vobis dicent vel dicet ex parte nostra fidem credulam adhibentes ea facere velitis, sicut de vobis confidimus nostrumque et vestrum ac regni nostri commodum diligitis et quietem. Teste Rege [as above]. (f)
The Credentials and Instructions of the Commissioners for dealing with the men of the above Counties.
Ceo est la furme de la creaunce enveie a ceus qi sont assignetz en contes de Lincolne, Norfolc, Suffolc, Cantebruge, Huntendone et Derby. Seigneurs nous sumes cy envoietz par nostre Seigneur le Roi qi vous mande qe bien vous sovent ou doit sovenir coment vous de vostre gre e de vostre bone volonte, li grauntastes auntan a sa requeste aucuns bledz pur sa sustenance en sa busoigne d'Escoce, les queus bledz li ont moult valu e aide pur sa dite busoigne, de queu il se tient le plus tenuz a vous e vous ensiet grant gre; e pur ceo qil vous a promis par ses lettres overtes qe vous soietz paietz pur meismes les bledz del Quinzime en mesme le Counte, le Roi ad volonte qe vostre gre en soit fait, mes il est ore en Escoce ou il demoert a .grantz mises e grantz despens, pur gentz d'armes e gentz de pe e moultz des autres choses qe busoignables li sont celes parties, e bie a demorer iloques. Car il entent mettre ceste busoigne a bone fin e parfere procneinement, al aide de Dieu e d'entre vous, par quoi il li covendra aver uncore ausi grant purveance de vivres come il aveit auntan, ou plus; e a ore q'il est ore charge de despens en diverses maneres ne poet il suffir bonement de fere paiement pur cele purveance de auntan e pur cele q'il covendra ore de novel fere sanz aide de vous qi sovent li avetz avant aide. Dont il vous prie qe vous li voilletz uncore aider en tieu manere qe la paiement qe se devera ore fere du Quinzime pour les bledz avantditz seit respite jesqes a la Seint
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Johan, a paier adonques de mesme le Quinzime, sur quoi le Roi ad envoie ses Lettres Overtes as taxours pur le paiement adonque fere de meismes le Quinzime. E le Roi pur les bledz q'il ad ordene a prendre ou prendra en ceo counte paiera prestement a chescun sanz nule prise fere de ble par nul ministre q'il eit; ou, si vous voilletz qe eel paiement se face maintenaunt pur les ditz bledz de auntan, adonques voilletz aviser e ordener coment le Roi peusse estre mieutz servi des bledz dont il ad ore busoign pur sa sustenance de ici en avaunt; e il vous fera ses Lettres Overtes as taxours de fere le paiement a la dite feste de Seint Jehan de meismes le Quinzime. E vous prie qe vous voilletz conseiller e aviser quele des deus voies soit plus fesable, al honur du Roi e d'entre vous, e a meindre grevance de son poeple. (g) The Order of Payment referred to. Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum milites, probi homines et communitas comitatus predicti nobis ad rogatum nostrum pro sustentacione nostra et fidelium nostrorum nobiscum in exercitu nostro in partibus Scocie existencium quasdam bladorum summas duxerint concedendas, volentes pro bladis illis satisfied, sicut decet, vobis mandamus quod pro dictis bladis illis a quibus ea tradi et recipi continget ad opus nostrum in festo Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo futuro per visum et testimonium clerici quern ad hoc specialiter deputabimus de denariis dicte Quintedecime, de ultimo termino solucionis ejusdem, satisfaciatis. Et nos vobis inde debitam allocacionem ad Scaccarium nostrum fieri faciemus. Teste Rege [as above]. [Close Roll, 30 Edw. I, m. ij d {Part. Writs I. 400-2).] (ft) Instructions for payment to be made as arranged. Rex, taxatoribus et collectoribus Quintedecime in comitatu Norfolcie, Salutem. Cum milites, etc. [as above] nobis ad rogatum nostrum respectum dederint usque ad festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo futurum de solucione illius summe pecunie in qua, pro bladis nobis nuper in comitatibus predictis ad sustentacionem nostram et fidelium nostrorum nobiscum in exercitu nostro in partibus Scocie existencium liberatis, tenemur; quam quidem pecuniam solvere promisimus de primis denariis quos levari contingeret in eodem comitatu de Quintadecima supradicta, prout in Litteris nostris Patentibus quas predicti homines et communitas inde habent plenius continetur : vobis mandamus quod prefatam pecunie summam illis a quibus predicta blada recepta fuerunt, per visum et testimonium clerici quern ad hoc specialiter deputabimus, de denariis dicte Quintedecime, de ultimo termino solucionis ejusdem, solvatis in festo predicto, recipientes nostras Litteras supradictas. Et nos vobis inde debitam allocacionem ad Scaccarium nostrum fieri faciemus. Teste Rege [as above]. [Ibid. p. 403, and Exchequer, Lay Subsidies, 149/1.] 4—2
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Writ under the Privy Seal giving further directions for the above Assignment (7 Jan. 31 Edward I).
Edward, etc. [as in No. 11] as Taxours e Cuillors du Quinzisme a nous grauntez a nostre darreine parlement de Nicole es Contes de Norfolc.Salutez. Comme les bones gentz du dit Contez nous eent presentez certeines sommes de bledz e de brees pur la sustenance de nous e de nostre houst en notre darrein voiage d'Escoce, les queux bledz e brees monsieur Robert Herewart notre visconte du dit countez e Wautier Bacoun nostre clerke ont receu, en nostre noun, pur enveer en Escoce, le nous lour eussiens promis de faire faire le paiement pur les dites choses du premier paiement que se leveret du dit Quinzime, sicome piert en nos Lettres Ouvertes sealees de notre Graunt Seal que nous enveasmes a les dites bones gentz e a la comunaute des ditz contez a demorer devers eux tantque le dit paiement se feist; e sur ce lour enveasmes ausint nos Lettres Ouvertes sealees de nostre dite Seal escrites a vos taxours avanditz, de garant, a faire le dit paiement par le veue d'un clerk que nous y enverrions ; vous mandons que des deniers du dit Quinzime que vous avez receuz devers vous par nostre mandement, veues ces Lettres, sanz nule maneer de delay ou d'excusation, en la presence le dit visconte e le dit Wautier, qui nous enveoms especiaument pur haster e sourveer le dit paiement, facez paier as gentz qui les ditz blez e brees nous a vent prestez les deners que nous lor deoms pour meismes les choses, selons le pris que nos ditz visconte e clerk vous feront assaver, fesantz Endenture entre vous e meismes nostre visconte e notre clerk contenent les sommes des bledz, e des deniers, e les nouns a qui les deniers serront paiez. Et recevants devers vous nos Lettres avantdites sealees de nostre Graunt Seal que nous envoiasmes a la dite comunaute, sicomme est desusdit. Et pur ce que nous avoms ceste busoigne trop a cuer, vous mandoms derechief, en le foy que vous nousdevez, que les dites gentz soient si bien e si en haste paiez qu'il eient voluntes de faire autre foiz notre requeste: Et voloms que si tost come vous avez le dit paiement fait, que vous enveez par aucun des voz en notre Garderobe, ou que nous soioms, ceste Lettre, ove les dites Lettres Ouvertes sealees de notre Graunt Seal, e ove l'Endentoure avant-dite. Et nous vous en feroms aver due acquitance. Donne souz nostre Preve Seal, a Odyham, le vij jour de Janveir, l'an de nostre regne xxxj. (/)
Indenture between Kings Collectors of the i/i$th and Sheriff of Norfolk specifying the repayment of the above Mutuum (32 Edward I).
Memorandum quod in anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo secundo facta fuit solucio per mandatum domini Regis pro bladis eidem domino Regi mutuatis in comitatu Norfolkie in anno regni sui vicesimo nono per Johannem le Breton, Petrum Roscelyn, Walterum de Calthorp et Robertum de Hakebeth, collectores Quintedecime comitatus predicti, et per visum et testimonium Roberti Hereward
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vicecomitis Norfolkie et Walteri Bacon clerici dicti domini Regis ad dictam solucionem supervidendam et testificandam specialiter deputati; videlicet, Johanni Ode et Hugoni Purry collectoribus bladorum in hundredo de Schrepham pro xiij quarteriis ij busellis frumenti, Liij s., precium quarterii, iiij s.; xxiiij quarteriis xl d. et xxij quarteriis v busellis avene, xxxvij s. viij d. ob., precium quarterii, xx d. Summa denariorum, viij /. xij s. iiij d. ob. [other names and amounts follow\. Summa tocius frumenti, Dxxxvj quarteria et dimidium; brasii, Dccccxiij quarteria j busellus; avene, Dcccxlix quarteria v buselli, et fabarum et pisarum lxiiij quarteria. Summa totalis denariorum pro dictis bladis, cccxxxvj /. xiij s. ix d. et ob. Ista indentura probatur et examinatur. [Endorsed^ Allocatur tot de victualibus. (k) Account of the Collectors. Dominis Johanni le Breton, Petro Rosselyn, Waltero de Kalthorp et Roberto de Hakebeth, nuper collectoribus Quintedecime Regi in comitatu Norfolcie, concesse pro denariis per ipsos solutis diversis hominibus comitatus predicti, per preceptum ipsius Regis, pro Dxxxvj quarteriis dimidio frumenti, precium quarterii iiij s., ixcxiij quarteriis j busello brasii, precium quarterii iij s. iiij d.c lxiiij quarteriis fabarum et pisarum, precium quarterii iij s. et viij xlix quarteriis v busellis avene, precium quarterii xx d. per eosdem homines Regis nuper mutuatis super Quintadecima in dicto comitatu levanda, ad expensa hospicii et exercitus sui in guerra Scocie anno presenti, quorum nomina, numeri quarteriorum, et summa unicuique soluta continentur in quadam Indentura tripartita inter eosdem collectores et dominum Robertum Hereward vicecomitem Norfolkie et Suffolkie et Walterum Bacon clericum ad dicta blada recipienda et ad partes Scocie transmittenda deputatos confecta et in garderoba liberata per predictos collectores ad compotum factum cum eisdem apud Westmonasterium xviij die Marcii anno xxxiij. cccxxxvj /. xiij s. ix d. ob. Frumentum. Iidem collectores reddunt compotum de Dxxxvj quarteriis dimidio frumenti receptis de diversis hominibus comitatus predicti per mensuram rasam sine advantagio. Summa, Dxxxvj quarteria dimidium frumenti. Et computat liberata domini Roberto Hereward, vicecomiti Norfolkie et Suffolkie, Dxxxvj quarteria dimidium frumenti de mensura rasa, de quibus idem vicecomes respondet in compoto suo superius, titulo isto, in una summa de Mccclxxvij quarteriis iij busellis frumenti receptis de communitate comitatus Norfolkie et Suffolkie. [Exchequer, Lay Subsidies, 149/1.]
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30. The Nomina Villarum (9 Edward II). (a) Parliamentary Grant of a foot-soldier to be provided by every township in the Kingdom. Die veneris sequenti magnates et communitas regni concesserunt Regi, in auxilium guerre sue Scotie, de qualibet villa in regno unum hominem peditem, potentem et defensibilem, exceptis civitatibus, burgis et dominicis Regis; et erunt illi homines pedites armati aketonis et bacinettis, et parati gladiis, arcubus, sagittis, balistis, lanceis, seu aliis armaturis pro hominibus peditibus competentibus. Et homines sumptibus suis invenient dictis hominibus peditibus armaturas illas, et expensas suas quousque venerint ad locum ubi Rex excercitum suum pro dicta guerra faciet summoneri, et vadia eorundem peditum a diebus quibus ibidem venerint ulterius per sexaginta dies ibidem morando, vel ulterius, in obsequium Regis proficiscendo, videlicet cuilibet homini pediti per diem quatuor denarios, et si sit villa ubi est mercatum que de majori numero hominum peditum et eorum sumptibus poterit onerari, plus oneretur. Et Rex concessit facere Litteras suas pro se et heredibus suis magnatibus et communitati regni sui, quod hujusmodi concessio hominum peditum non cedet eis, aut heredibus suis, in prejudicium, nee trahatur in consequentiam in futurum. [Rot.Parl.I. 351.] (b) Writ requiring Information. Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Devonesire, Salutem. Quia quibusdam certis de causis certiorari volumus que et quot hundreda sunt in balliva tua, quorum sunt, et que et quot civitates, burgi et ville sunt in quolibet hundredorum illorum, et qui sunt domini eorundem, tibi precipimus, firmiter injungentes, quod modis et viis omnibus quibus plenius et diligentius poteris, te informes de premissis. Ita quod super proximum profrum tuum ad Scaccarium nostrum Thesaurarium et Barones nostros de eodem Scaccario possis inde plenius informare: et tu ipse in propria persona tua sis ad dictum Scaccarium super proximum profrum tuum ex hac causa, nisi tune licentiam a nobis habueris absens esse, et tune per ilium quern super dictum profrum tuum pro te mittes ad Scaccarium predictum Thesaurario et Baronibus predictis de premissis factis plenius informare. Ita quod in te vel in ipso quern pro te ad dictum Scaccarium sic mittes defectus aliquis non inveniatur per quod ad te graviter capiamus. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Clipstone, vto die Martii anno regni nostri nono. (c) The Return {for South Molton, co. Devon). Hundredum de Southmoltone, et est dominus ejusdem dominus Willelmus Martyn, in quo est unus burgus, videlicet, burgus de SouthMoltone, dominus ejusdem predictus Willelmus.
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Villa de Tautone Episcopi cum Chytelhamptone, quod est membrum ad eandem ; dominus ejusdem Episcopus Exoniensis. Villa de Est Anstye cum West Anstye et Mollonde Champeaux et Bremybryugg, que sunt membra ad eandem; et est dominus ejusdem Johannes de Crewes. Villa de Knoustone Beaupel cum Westbrei, Blakepole et Warkele, que sunt membra ad eandem; et est dominus ejusdem dominus Robertus Beaupel. [Exchequer L. T. R. Misc. Rolls 2/2 {Parliamentary Writs, Vol. II. Div. 3, pp. 383 and 384.6).]
31. The Taxatio Pape Nicholai (1291 )—//«<; supplementary return for the Scottish Borders (1318). (a) Papal Conditions for the Collection of the Tenth (1290). Nicholaus, [etc.] Edwardo, [etc.'] Salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Gerentes cordi negotium Terre Sancte, celsitudini tue Decimam ecclesiasticorum redituum et proventuum, in Ariglie et Scotie regnis ac Ybernia et Wallia, in ipsius Terre Sancte subsidium, sub certa forma, per certi temporis spatium, duximus concedendam, prout in apostolicis litteris super hoc confectis plenius et seriosius contin etur. Quia tamen in regnis ac Ybernia et Wallia supradictis, diverse, ut dicitur, fiunt extimationes reddituum et proventuum predictorum, statuimus ut juxta verum ipsorum valorem tibi predicta Decima persolvatur. Sed, ne in collectione ipsius, si congruo modo non fieret, multorum scandala et animarum possent pericula suboriri, nostre intentionis existit ut in collectione ipsa per deputandas ab apostolica sede personas taliter, actore Domino, procedatur, quod et hujusmodi scandala sive pericula valeant evitari, et indempnitati tue condigno favore, quantum ad perceptionem prelibate Decime, provide consulatur. Datum Rome, apud Sanctam Mariam Majorem, quarto idus Januarii, pontificatus nostri anno secundo. [Papal Bulls, Bdle 32, No. 14 (Foedera, I. 725).] (b) Taxation of the Diocese of Carlisle (1292). Taxaciones sive estimaciones omnium Ecclesiasticorum reddituum, proventuum et obvencionum facte in Diocese Karliolensi per Ricardum de Wyteby Archidiaconum Karlioli et Adam de Levingtone rectorem ecclesie de Skeltone, ejusdem Diocesis, secundum verum valorem,
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prout solet communiter provenire, bonis temporalibus ecclesie Cathedralis Karliolensis et aliarum ecclesiarum collegiatarum duntaxat exceptis. Decanatus Karliolensis.
Karliolensia Spiritualia. £• J. •d. IS 0 O 20 0 O 9 9 O 17 1 4 10 8 0 10 8 0
Porcio Archidiaconi in Ecclesia de Dalstone, ... Porcio Prioris Karlioli in ecclesia Beate Marie, Porcio Episcopi in eadem, ... ... .. Ecclesia Sancti Cuthberti Karlioli, Porcio Episcopi in Ecclesia de Stainewegg .. Porcio Prioris Karlioli in eadem, ... .. Porcio Rectoris Scolarum Karlioli in eadem, .. 4 6 8 Vicarius ejusdem Ecclesie, ... ... .. 8 10 0 Ecclesia de Crosseby, ... ... ... ... 14 14 0 0 Vicarius ejusdem,... ... ... ... .. 4 5 0 De Ecclesia de Den tone, nichil, quia non excedit sex marcas nee Rector alibi est beneficiatus. [Other entries follozv] * * * * * * Taxatio bonorum temporalium domini Karliolensis Episcopi et religiosorum omnium ejusdem Karliolensis diocesis facta anno domini Millesimo ducentesimo nonagesimo secundo per magistros Petrum de Insula, Archidiaconum Exonie, et Adam de Astone, rectorem ecclesie de Bekingham, gerentes in hac parte in Eboracensi, Dunelmensi et dicta Karliolensi diocesibus vices venerabilium patrum dominorum Johannis, Dei gratia Wyntoniensis, et Oliveri eadem gratia Lincolniensis Episcoporum, executorum negocii Terre Sancte a sede apostolica deputatorum, quoad Decimam domino Edwardo illustri Regi Anglie in subsidio Terre Sancte concessam. £•
Episcopatus Karliolensis habet... ... ... 126 Abbas de Heppe habet ... ... ... ... 46 Priorissa de Ermithwayt habet ... ... ... 10 Prior de Lannercost habet ... ... ... 74 Prior de Wedirhal habet 52 Abbas de Holmcoltran habet ... 206 Prior Karlioli habet 96 Summa totalis bonorum temporalium ... 613 Summa summarum utriusque, tarn temporalium quam spiritualium, ... ... 3171 Summa Decime ... ... ... ... 317
s.
d.
7 7 13 4 o o I2 6J 17 6 5 10 19 o 15 g\ 5 7k 2 6f
(c) Return of the Bishop of Carlisle reciting the Writ for the Reassessment of the Ecclesiastical Benefices in his Diocese (1318). Viris venerabilibus et discretis, dominis Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario Domini nostri Regis, Johannes, Dei gratia Karliolensis
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Episcopus, Salutem. Cum debitis reverencia et honore mandatum Regium nuper recepimus formam continens infrascriptam. Edwardus, etc. [as in No. 11] venerabili in Christo patri Johanni, eadem gratia Karliolensi Episcopo, Salutem. Quia plura beneficia ecclesiastica et temporalia spiritualibus annexa in diocese vestra per hostiles aggressus Scotorum, inimicorum et rebellium nostrorum, vastata sunt, ut accepimus, et destructa, per quod de Decima, nobis per dominum summum Pontificem jam concessa, nobis de dictis beneficiis et temporalibus, spiritualibus annexis, ibidem ad presens responderi non valet, juxta taxacionem decime nunc currentis, prout alias fieri consuevit. Nos, super valore beneficiorum et temporalium hujusmodi in dicta diocese vestra, quantum videlicet modo valeant, certiorari volentes, ut Decima inde juxta valorem ilium ad opus nostrum levari possit; vobis mandamus quod super valore omnium beneficiorum ecclesiasticorum infra dictam diocesem vestram, et eciam temporalium prelatorum ibidem, que taliter sunt vastata et que ad Decimam hactenus' taxari consueverunt, quantum videlicet valent hiis diebus, inquiratis plenius veritatem, et beneficia et temporalia hujusmodi, prout per Inquisitiones predictas reperiri contigerit, taxari faciatis et collectoribus Decime in eadem diocese vestra de taxacionibus hujusmodi, cum facte fuerint, constare faciatis indilate, ut ipsi Decimam illam, juxta taxaciones illas, ad opus nostrum levare valeant ut debebunt, et nichilominus taxaciones illas ad opus nostrum levare valeant ut debebunt; et nichilominus taxaciones illas, cum plenius facte fuerint, Thesaurario et Baronibus nostris de Scaccario mittatis, et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Eboracum, xxvj die Octobris, anno regni nostri duodecimo. Per Consilium. Nos igitur sequentes Inquisitiones, quas per viros fide dignos curatos fieri fecimus in hac parte, predicta beneficia ecclesiastica et temporalia spiritualibus annexa taxavimus, prout in sequentibus poterit apparere, ipsaque sub sigillis nostris vobis duximus transmittenda. Decanatus Karliolensis.
Karliolensia Spiritualia. £. s. d.
Ecclesia de Dalstone, ... ... 5 0 0 Porcio Prioris Beate Marie Karlioli in ecclesia Beate Marie ... 5 0 0 Porcio Episcopi in eadem, ... 3 0 0 Ecclesia Sancti Cuthberti Karlioli, ... ... 5 0 0 Porcio Prioris Beate Marie Karlioli in ecclesia de \ non taxantur Staynwigg, I quia parochia Porcio Episcopi in eadem, j totaliter deJ structa. Vicarius ejusdem non taxatur, quia non sufficet pro stipendio unius Capellani Ecclesia de Crosseby, ... ... ... ... 1 0 0 Vicarius ejusdem non taxatur, quia non sufficet pro omnibus incumbentibus. Ecclesia de Dentone non taxatur in antiqua. [Other entries follow.]
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Select Formulas of Decanatus Karliolensis
Temporalia Temporalia Temporalia Temporalia
£.
s. d.
Episcopi Karliolensis ... Prioris Karlioli ... ... Abbatis de Heppe Priorisse de Hermithueyt...
... 20 o o ... 20 O O ... 2 0 0 ... [ non taxantur, \ quia totaliter I nunc destructa. Temporalia Prioris de Lanercost ... / non taxantur, prop\ ter destructionem. Temporalia Prioris de Wedirhale, ... ... 4 0 0 Temporalia Abbatis de Holmcoltram,... ... 40 o o Summa bonorum temporalium, ... ... 86 o o Summa bonorum spiritualium et temporalium, 480 19 o Summa Decime inde provenientis, ... 48 1 10J.
[Taxatio Pape Nicholai {Record Com.),pp. 318—320 and 331—333-]
32.
The Inquisitiones Nonarum (15 Edward IIP).
(a) Writ of Assessment and Collection. Rex venditoribus et assessoribus subsidii None garbarum vellerum et agnorum ac None civitatum et burgorum et Quintedecime hominum forinsecorum nobis nuper concessarum in comitatu Northampton', Salutem. Licet vobis pluries mandaverimus quod, quibuscunque excusacione et dilacione postpositis, dictas Nonam et Quintamdecimam in eodem comitatu, juxta commissionem nostram vobis inde factam, venderetis et denarios de subsidio predicto provenientes receptori denariorum eorundem in comitatu predicto liberari faceretis ad opus nostrum ; nichilominus propter quasdam dimcultates et dubietates in venditione et levatione subsidii predicti ex certis causis, ut accepimus, intervenientibus eedem Nona et Quintadecima, pro majori parte, adhuc restant levande, in nostri dampnum [etc.]. Per quod per nos et consilium nostrum, ut hujusmodi difncultates et dubietates amoveantur, concordatum existit quod levatio subsidii predicti fiat in forma que subsequitur, videlicet, quod venditores et assessores dicte None garbarum vellerum et agnorum in singulis comitatibus regni nostri Anglie eandem Nonam juxta taxam singularum ecclesiarum prebendarum et aliorum beneficiorum quorumcunque, si valor ejusdem None ad taxam eorundem aliquo modo attingere poterit et ad majorem summam ubi verus valor ejusdem None taxam eorundem excedit, levari faciant; Et si, per presentacionem, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum parochiarum corafn eis capiendam vel per compotos firmariorum, ubi firmarii existunt, seu alias legitimas
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informaciones de vero valore dicte None singularum ecclesiarum, prebendarum et beneficiorum predictorum in comitatibus predictis tam taxatorum quam non taxatorum faciendas, inveniri contigerit quod valor ejusdem None taxam hujusmodi beneficiorum taxatorum tam venditorum quam non venditorum excedat, tune Nonam predictam ab hominibus parochiarum hujusmodi ecclesiarum, prebendarum et beneficiorum juxta valorem sic excedentem ad opus nostrum levari; et si eadem Nona ad valorem taxe hujusmodi beneficiorum attingere non poterit, tune verum valorem ejusdem None de hominibus parochiarum hujusmodi ecclesiarum prebendarum et beneficiorum, taxa eorundem minime considerata, sine dilatione levari et denarios inde provenientes receptoribus denariorum eorundem in dictis comitatibus assignatis liberari faciant, ut ipsi denarios illos ulterius dilecto clerico nostro Willelmo de Edynton, quern receptorem nostrum dicti subsidii citra Trentam apud Turrim nostram Londonie constituimus, infra certum tempus mittant, prout comitatus propinqui sint vel remoti; quodque dicti venditores et assessores tam nos in Cancellaria nostra quam prefatum Willelmum de vero valore None predicte singulorum beneficiorum predictorum taxatorum et non taxatorum et de quibus valor None taxam eorundem excedit, et in quantum, tam videlicet beneficiorum cardinalium quam aliorum, et etiam de valore dicte None taxam ecclesiarum et beneficiorum non attingente, necnon de nominibus illorum de parochiis qui hujusmodi presentaciones coram eisdem venditoribus et assessoribus fecerint, et ob quas causas dicta Nona minus quam taxa valet, per Indenturas inde sub sigillis suis particulariter faciendas certificent, ita quod versus eosdem presentatores capere possimus si contigerit presentationes illas minus veraces inveniri; et etiam quod iidem venditores et assessores nos et prefatum Willelmum tam de vero valore hujusmodi None hominum civitatum et burgorum ac Quintedecime hominum forinsecorum qui de agricultura non vivunt, quam garbarum, vellerum et agnorum in forma predicta certificent; quodque Nona predicta generaliter de omnibus temporalibus tam de illis que in manibus archiepiscoporum [etc.] quam aliorum quorumcunque existent ad opus nostrum levetur. Nos volentes [etc.] vobis mandamus [etc.] quod subsidium None predicte de hominibus omnium et singularum parochiarum comitatus predicti, quacunque dilatione postposita, in forma predicta levari et denarios [etc.] per Indenturam [etc.] citra diem Dominican! in Medio Quadragesime proximo futuram mittere [etc.] ac nos [etc.] de vero valore [etc.] per Indenturam [etc.] citra diem predictam [etc.] certificetis. Mandamus enim dicto receptori nostro [etc.] et si denarios predictos citra dictam diem levare [etc.] non poteritis tune vos ipsi personaliter sitis coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra [etc.] ad ostendendum [etc.]. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xxvj die Januarii [15 Edward III]. Per ipsum Regent et consilium. [Patent Roll, 15 Edw. Ill, pt. II. m. 47 (Cal. p. 499).]
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of
(U) The Inquisition for the Hundred of Wardon (co. Beds.). Inquisitio capta coram Abbate Sancti Jacobi extra Northamptonam et sociis suis assessoribus et venditoribus Nonarum garbarum vellorum et agnorum in comitatu Northampton' domino Regi concessarum, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu quintodecimo, per sacramentum Alani Chamberleyn de Wardone [and eleven others]. Qui dicunt per sacramentum suum quod xij juratores de villata de Wardone bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia non extendit se ad taxam per xiiij marcas nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictum abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod Abbas de Wardone habet in predicta parochia de Wardone iiij acras terre pro quibus assessus fuit ad xvj s. et cum villata solvit. Item, dicunt quod xij juratores de villata de Byfelde bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia predicte villate non extendit se ad taxam per sex marcas, nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura [No. 32 (cj\ inter predictum abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod priorissa de Catesby habet in predicta villata duas carucatas terre pro quibus cum bidentibus super manerium existentibus assessa fuit ad xxixj. xd. quos nondum solvit cum villata predicta Item, dicunt quod Prior de Wardone [habet in predicta]1 villata sex virgatas terre et dimidiam pro quibus assessus fuit ad xix s. vj d. 1 quos nondum s,olvit [Item, dicunt quod xii juratores] de villata de Bottings bene non presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia villate predicte non.se extendit ad taxam per vij marcis nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictum Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xii juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod Priorissa de Catesby habet in predicta villata duas carucatas terre pro quibus assessa fuit ad xvij s. iiij d., quos nondum solvit cum villata predicta. Item, dicunt quod Prior de Clatercote habet in eadem villata duas carucatas terre pro quibus assessus fuit ad xvj s. iij d., quos nondum solvit cum villata predicta. Item, dicunt quod xij juratores de villata de Eydone bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia de Eydone non extendit se ad taxam per sex marcas et xij solidos nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictum Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod xij juratores de villata de Wodeford bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia de Wodeford non extendit se ad taxam per viij marcas, sex solidos et octo denarios nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictum Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod xij juratores de villata de Hachecote bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia villate predicte non extendit se ad taxam per x\s. nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictam Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, 1 Illegible. The continuation of the MS. which has been recovered since the publication of the Record Commission text begins here.
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dicunt quod xij juratores villate de Sulgrave bene presentaverunt, eo quod taxa ecclesie predicte extendit se ad x marcas et tantum valet et non amplius, sicut in Indentura inter predictum Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod Prior Sancti Andree Northamptone habet in predicta villata duas virgatas terre pro quibus assessus fuit ad iiij s. et nondum solvit cum villata predicta. Item, dicunt quod xij juratores villate de Aston bene presentaverunt, eo quod ecclesia villate predicte non extendit se ad taxam per iiij /. iij s. nee amplius valet, sicut in Indentura inter predictum Abbatem et socios suos et predictos xij juratores villate predicte plenius continetur. Item, dicunt quod Prior de Chaucombe habet j carucatam terre ibidem pro qua assessus fuit ad xs. quos nondum solvit cum villata predicta. In cujus rei testimonium predicti xij juratores de hundredo de Wardone huic Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. Data apud... 1 ante festum...anno supradicto. [Lay Subsidies, 155/15, andNonarum Inquisitiones {Record Commission),
P- 34-] (c) The Indenture for the Villata of Byfieldin Wardon. Hec indentura testatur quod die Martis proxima post terminum Annunciationis Beate Marie Virginis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu quintodecimo Rogerus Basset [and eleven others], jurati et onerati per Abbatem Sancti Jacobi extra Northamptonam et socios suos, assessores et venditores Nonarum garbarum, vellerum et agnorum domino Regi in comitatu Northampton' concessarum, super verum valorem dicte None de villata de Byfeld anno quartodecimo. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod None predicte garbarum, vellerum et agnorum de eadem villata valebant in anno preterito xxiiij marcas et non plus, et non attingit ad taxam ecclesie quia predicta taxa est xx/., quia plures commoditates continentur infra taxam videlicet dos ecclesie, que continet unum messuagium et ij virgatas terre cum pertinenciis eisdem contingentibus, que valet xx s. Item, decima feni valet xx s. Item, mortuaria, oblaciones, decime pullorum et vitulorum, lactis, mellis, et aliorum minutorum, que valent iij marcas. Et ideo None predicte non attingunt ad taxam predictam per vj marcas. Et sic est summa None predicte garbarum, vellerum et agnorum xxiiij marce. Item, dicunt quod nulli sunt mercatores nee alii homines qui de agrorum cultura nee ovibus suis non vivunt, nee aliqui alii homines in locis solitudinum manent in villata de Byfeld. In cujus rei testimonium predicti juratores dicta Indentura sigilla sua apposuerunt. Data die et anno supradictis. [Nonarum Inq.,p. 25 b.] (d) The Account for the Parish of By field. Idem reddunt compotum de xxiiij marcis de Nona garbarum [etc.] parochie de Byfelde, commissa Johanni Walter[i] et Johanni de 1
The Record is mutilated.
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Mersshton et aliis dicte parochie ad respondendum domino Regi, cujus ecclesia taxatur ad xxx marcas, unde Nona temporalium priorisse de Catesby in eadem xxixj. xd., et de Nona temporalium prioris de War[done] in eadem xix s. vj d. Et sit minus quam taxatur vj marcis, quia maxima pars valoris ecclesie predicte consistit in dote, feno, oblationibus, et aliis minutis decimis, ut patet per Inquisicionem et informationem Rogeri Basset, Willelmi Constantyn et aliorum dicte parochie juratorum, quorum nomina ibidem annotantur et ad Scaccarium liberantur. [Lay Subsidies, 155/14, m. 5 d.] 33. The Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535). (a) Act of Parliament directing a Valuation of Ecclesiastical Benefices. And it is ordeyned and enacted by auctoryte aforesaide that the saide yerely rent and pensyon shalbe taxid, rated, levyed, perceyved and payed to the Kynges use, his heires and successours, yn maner and fourme hereafter to be declarid by this Acte, that is to saye; that the Chauncelour of Englande for the tyme beynge shall have power and auctoryte to dyrecte ynto everie Dyoces yn thys Realme and yn Wales severall Commyssions yn the Kynges name under his Greate Seale, aswell to the Archebusshoppe or Busshoppe of everie such Dyoces as to suche other parsone or parsones as the Kynges Highnes shall name or appoynte, comaundynge and auctorisinge the said Commyssioners so to be named in everie suche Commyssion, or iij of them at the leaste, to examyn serche and enquyre, by all the wayes and meanes that they can by their dyscrecions, of and for the true and just hole and entyre yerely values of all the manours, londes, tenementes, hereditamentes, rentes, tythes, offeringes, emolumentes and all other profittes, aswell spirituall as temporall, apperteyninge or belonginge to any Archebusshopriche, Busshoprich, Abbacye, Monasterie, Priorie, Archdeaconry, Deanry, Hospitall, College, Howse Collegyate, Prebend, Cathedrall Churche, Collegiat Churche, Conventuall Churche, Parsonage, Vicarage, Chauntrie, Frechappell, or to any other benefice or promocion spirituall within the lymyttes of their Commyssion; withe a Clause to be conteyned in everie suche Commyssion that the said Commyssioners, or iij of them at the leaste, shall deducte and alowe yn the makynge and ratinge of the saide yerely values of the premisses these deduccyons folowinge and none other, that is to saye; the rentes resolute to the chief Lordes, and all other annuall and perpetuall rentes and charges whiche any spirituall person or persones ben bounden yerely to paie to any person or persones to their heires or successours for ever, or to gyve yerely yn almes by reason of any foundacyon or ordynaunce; and all fees for Stewardes, Receyvours, Baylyffes, and Auditors and Synodes and Proxis; withe an other clause to be also conteyned yn everie suche Commyssion that the said
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Commyssioners, or iij of them at the leaste, shall certifie under theyr seales, at suche dayes as shalbe lymytted by the said Commyssions, aswell the hole and entiere value as the Deduccyons aforesaid of everie Archebysshoprich, Bysshoprich, Abbacye, Monasterie, Priorie, Archdeaconrie, Deanry, Hospitall, College, Howse Collegiate, Prebend, Cathedrall Churche, Collegiate Churche, Conventuall Churche, Parsonage, Vicarage, Chauntrie, Frechappell and of all other benefices and promotions spirituall. [26 Henry VIII, c. 3, s. 9 {Statutes of the Realm, III. 495).] (b) Royal Commission for the Valuation of Ecclesiastical Benefices. Henricus Octavus, Dei gratia Anglie et Francie Rex, Fidei Defensor, Dominus Hibernie et in terra Supremum Capud Anglicane Ecclesie, Reverendo in Christo patri J[ohanni] Episcopo Exoniensi ac dilectis et fidelibus suis [names of Commissioners follow], Salutem. Sciatis quod nos de fidelitatibus et providis circumspeccionibus vestris plenius confidentes, assignavimus vos, quinque vel quatuor vel tres vestrum, dantes vobis [etc.], vel in majori aut minori, prout per discreciones vestras vobis melius visum fuerit, plenam potestatem et auctoritatem ad inquirendum, scrutandum et examinandum, viis, modis et mediis quibus melius scire poteritis, tarn infra comitatum nostrum Devonie quam civitatem Exonie et libertates ejusdem, de omnibus et singulis Articulis et instruccionibus presentibus annexis; faciendique et exequendi cum effectu prout in eisdem Articulis plenius continetur. Et ideo vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quod circa premissa effectualiter intendatis ac ea faciatis et exequamini diligenter; ita quod veritatem de eisdem Articulis et de eorum singulis habere poterimus absque favore, fraude, dolo, corrupcione seu covina prout vos inde nobis respondere velitis. Et quicquid in premissis feceritis Thesaurario, Cancellario, Camerariis et Baronibus de Scaccario nostro inde et de omnibus suis circumstanciis eorundem, prout Articuli predicti in se exigunt et requirunt, in octabis Sancte Trinitatis proximo futuris sub sigillis vestris distincte et aperte in debita forma in scriptis certificetis. Et hoc sub periculo incumbenti nullatenus omittatis. Damus etiam preterea vobis plenam potestatem et auctoritatem ad tales et tantos scribas, registrarios et eorum deputatos, ac receptores, auditores et alios officiarios et ministros quorumcumque prelatorum et clericorum ecclesie coram vobis convocandos et examinandos prout vobis pro meliori execucione Articulorum predictorum videbitur expedire. Mandantes insuper, tenore presentium, omnibus et singulis Vicecomitibus, majoribus, ballivis, registrariis ac aliis officiariis et ministris tarn nostri quam aliquorum prelatorum seu clericorum quorumcumque ac aliis omnibus et singulis fidelibus subditis nostris quibuscumque quod vobis, in execucione premissorum de tempore in tempus, intendentes sint et auxiliantes, prout decet. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, tricesimo die Januarii, anno regni nostri vicesimo sexto. [ Valor Ecclesiasticus (Record Commission), II. 289.]
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Select Formulas of
(c) Instructions for the Commissioners. Instruccions devysed by the Kynges Highnes by the advyse of his counsaylle for knowlege to be had of the hole true and juste yerely values of all the possessions, maners, londes, tenements, hereditaments and proffets, aswell spirituall as temporall, apperteynynge to any maner of dignyte, monasterie, priorie, church collegiat, church conventuall, parsonage, vicariage, chaunterie, fre chapell or other dignytie, office, or promocion spirituall within this realme, Wales, Cales, Berwyk and Marches of the same, aswell in places exempt as not exempt, which his pleasure is that such as shall have charge by his Commission to survey the same shall effectually with all uprightnes & dexterite folowe and ensue as they wull answer unto his magestie at theire perells. Fyrste yt ys ordeyned that severall Commyssions shall be made unto every dioces, shire and place within this realme and into Wales [etc.] where it shall pleas the Kyngs highnes to lymyte and appoynte and to such nombre of personnes as shall please his Magestie to assigne, and that to every of the same commyssioners theis Articles assigned with his Gracys hande shalbe annexed. Item, that the Commissyoners, after the sight of the Commission with these Artycles annexed, shall first sende for suche and so many of the bushoppys and archideacons, scribes and ministers within the lymytts of ther Commission as they shall think mooste convenyent for knowlaige to be hadd of the nombre and namys of all denryes rurall within the lymytt of ther Commission, and in whoys dioces or jurisdiccion the said denries ben, and howe many dignities, cathedrall churches, collegiatt churches, colleigis, hospytalls, monesteries, priories, houses religiouse, parsonages, vycariages, chaunteries, frechapells or other promocions spirituall byn within the lymytts of every denry or elsewhere within the lymytts of ther Commission. Item, after the said Commissioners by examynacion of the regesters and other ministers shall have knowledge of the nombre and names of all the denries within the lymytts of ther Commission, and in whois dioces or jurisdiccion they byn, and of the nombre and namys of all the dignyties [etc.], within the lymytts of every denrye or ells where within the lymytts of ther Commission, then the said Commissioners shall devide them selfys by thre and thre in nombre, or by any other nombre above three by ther discrecions, allottyng to every nombre so devided so many denries rurall and other distinct placys within the lymytts of ther Commission as they by ther assentts shall think convenyent. And that every suche nombre soo devided shall, with all diligence, without favour, mede, drede or corruppcion, enquyer, serche and knowe of the hole and yerly values of all dignities [etc.] and all other cures, offices and promocions spirituall, what name or nature so ever they bee, within the lymytts of ther charge to them allotted, aswell in placys exempte as nott exempt; and in whois dioses or jurisdiccion they ben, and for true execucion of ther charche in this behalfe shall examyn suche incumbentts, ther receyvours and auditours, by ther othes and also se and veu suche regesters, boks of accompt, Ester
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boks and all other writings as by ther discrecions shalbe thought convenyent and resonable for sure declaracion of the premissis; and over that use all suche other wayes and menes wherby the true and just yerly values of all the said dignities [etc.'] may playnly and distinctly appere, without any maner concelament thereof, usyng them selfes after the order, maner and forme as in thes Articles next ensuyng ys mencyoned and declared, makyng a playne boke therof after the auditors' fashyon, accordyng as shalbe expressid in the last of the said articles under written Item, finally after the true and juste yerely values of all the dignities, benefices, offices, cures and other promocions spirituall afore rehersed, examyned and known, then the said Commissioners to whome Commission shalbe directed shall cause to be made a fayer boke, after the auditours' fashyon, putting first in the hed thereof the name of the archbushoprick or bushoprick where the Commission ys directed, yf the see be within the lymytts of ther Commission, and the hole and entire yerely value thereof, lyke as before ys mencyoned in the Article concernyng the same, with the deduccions to be resolute that ar mencyoned in the said Article and none other; and then next after that to putt the name of the cathedrall churche or monasterie where the see of the archebushopricke or bushopricke ys, and the nombre or namys of all such dignities [etc.] which be in succession in the said cathedrall churche or monasterie, and aswell the hole and entire yerely value of the said Cathedrall churche or monasterie as the particuler yerely profitt that belongeth to every of the said dignities, [etc.] in the same, with the deduccions to be resolute oute of the same as ys mencyoned in the Article above specyfied concernyng the same; and then next after that to put the nombre and names of every archidiaconry and denry rurall within the lymytts of ther commission and in whose dioces or jurisdiccion they be and their severall and particular yerly values and deduccions lyke as is mencyoned in the article concernyng the same; and next after that to put every colleige, churche collegyate [etc.] under the title and name of the denery rurall where colleges [etc.] lyen and ben foundyd and theyr severall and distinct yerly values, with suche deduccions as ys above mencyoned in the Articles afore written concernynge suche dignities [etc.] and the nombre and names of all suche prebendys, dignyties [etc.] what so ever they be in any the said colliges, churches [etc.] and ther distinct severall and yerly values, as afore declared yn the said Articles. So that always under the title of every denry rurall ther be conteyned all suche dignyties [etc.] where so ever they lyen or byn in the denry where they ben founded and edefied. And yf any of them be out of the lymytts of all denryes, then so to putt them by their selfys rehersing ther names and the placys where they lyen and in whoys dioces and jurisdiccion with ther hole values and deduccions as ys afore lymyted added to every of them distinct by them selfys. [Ibid., I. Intro.] H. F. II
66
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(d) The Oath of the Commissioners. Henricus Octavus, [etc.] Reverendo in Christo patri S[tephano] Wintoniensi episcopo, Salutem. Sciatis quod dedimus vobis potestatem et auctoritatem capiendi et recipiendi sacramenta Willelmi Paulett militis ac Majoris civitatis Wintonie, Majoris ville Suthamptone [and eighteen other Commissioners], et eorum cujuslibet, juxta formam cujusdam scedule huic brevi annexe. Ac preterea damus vobis prefato Willelmo Paulet potestatem et auctoritatem recipiendi sacramentum predicti Episcopi Wintoniensis, juxta formam scedule predicte. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sacramenta predicta recipiatis, et cum ea sic receperitis, nos inde, in Cancellariam nostram, sub sigillis vestris, distincte et aperte sine dilatione reddatis certiores, hoc breve nobis remittentes. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, primo die Februarii, anno regni nostri vicesimo sexto. Pexsall. Henricus Octavus, [etc.] Reverendo in Christo S. Wintoniensi Episcopo ac dilecto et fideli suo Willelmo Paulet, militi, Salutem. Sciatis quod dedimus vobis, conjunctim et divisim, potestatem et auctoritatem capiendi et recipiendi sacramenta Nicholai Tychebourne senioris [andfive others], et eorum cujuslibet, juxta formam cujusdam scedule huic brevi annexe; et ideo vobis mandamus quod sacramenta predicta recipiatis et cum ea sic receperitis, etc. [as above]. Teste, etc. [as above].
Pexsall. Ye shal swere that diligently and truely, without favour, affection, fraud, covyn, mede, drede or corrupcion, ye shall doo, fulfill and execute the hole effectes and contents expressed in the Kynges Commyssion, with Instructions and Articles therunto annexed, to you and others directed for serche and enquierie to be made of the hoole and entier values of all spirituall possessions within the lymyttes in the same Commission and Instructions expressed, accordyng to the Acte of Parliament in that case ordeyned and provided, and accordyng to the saide Commission and Instructions to you made and yeven in that parte, as nere as ye can or may, to your cunnyng, witt, and uttermost of your power. So helpe you God and the Holie Evangelystes. (/) Extract from the Valor of Southampton. Illustrissimo et excellentissimo Principi ac supremo et metuendissimo domino nostro Henrico Octavo, [etc.] humillimi et addictissimi subditi majestatis vestre Stephanus Wintoniensis Episcopus [and fourteen other Commissioners] ac reliqui vestre majestatis in hac parte Commissionarii solidam et perpetuam precantur felicitatem cum omni honore et subjectione. Accepimus cum ea qua decet reverencia Litteras Commissionales majestatis vestre presentibus annexas; secundum quas, quarumque vigore, ad executionem metuendissimi mandati vestri in eisdem comprehensi procedentes, juxta vim, formam et effectum earundem, omnia qua potuimus fide et diligencia executi,
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per has litteras nostras de hiis que nobis gesta sunt vestram Majestatem metuendissimam certiorandam duximus, et, Commissionis predicte tenorem sequentes, certioramus et certificamus in hiis scriptis, libros ac libellos verum valorem annuum omnium et singulorum monasteriorum, prioratuum, locorum religiosorum, ecclesiarum collegiatarum, hospitalium, ecclesiarum parochialium, capellarum et cantariarum infra vestrum comitatum Southamptone in se continentes a nobis editos fuerunt etiam dictas vestre metuendissime Majestatis Commissionem et Instructiones annexas habentibus (sic). Datum apud Wintoniam sub sigillis nostris anno regni Excellentissime Majestatis vestre vicesimo septimo. [Signatures of Commissioners follow.] COMITATUS SOUTHAMPTONE. Valor omnium et singulorum castrorum honorum maneriorum terrarum et tenementorum ac aliarum possessionum quarumcunque, necnon omnium et singulorum proficuum provenientium de spiritualibus et jurisdiccionibus spiritualibus pertinentibus sive spectantibus tarn episcopatui Wintoniensi et monasterio Sancti Swithuni Wintonie predicto, quam omnibus et singulis aliis monasteriis [etc.] necnon omnibus aliis promotionibus spiritualibus in comitatu predicto, prout valent communibus annis, ut inferius sequuntur. Videlicet. EPISCOPATUS WINTONIENSIS, STEPHANUS MODO EPISCOPUS IBIDEM.
Valet in Spiritualibus Rectoriis appropriatis, ut patet per quoddam quater£ s. d. num papireum, signis manu-i XX alibus Commissionariorum f iiij.ij. xij. iiij. domini Regis signatum, per annum, ) Sinodis, procuracionibus et V cliiij. v. ii] ob. pensionibus, prout patet per lxiij. xij. xj ob. dictum quaternum, per annum, Casualibus jurisdicionis spiritualis, prout patet per dictum vnj. quaternum, communibus annis, Temporalibus. Redditibus et firmis omnium \ castrorum, maneriorum, terrarum et tenementorum ac MMMMxxxvij. MMMDciiij.iij. aliarum possessionum, prout xvs. xjd. ob. qdr. di. xixs. xjd. qdr. di. patet per predictum quaternum, per annum, 5—2
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Select Formulas of
Perquisicionibus curie et aliis^l casualibus communibus annis, . . per dictum ,. . . \ ut patet quaternum, J
,, , '. ". , cccimj. J in. J xj J ob. £ s. d. XX
MMMMciiij.xij v ij ob. qdr. Inde in Reprisis, videlicet. In elemosinis resolutis et aliis| redditibus, ut patet per eun-^ xxxvij. xix. iiij. dem quaternum, per annum, ) \ Feodis senescallorum, recep-\ [ torum, auditorum, et balh-l c c l,x l x. > 1J.. V1J..qdr , } vorum,ut patet perquaternum ' predictum, I £ s. d.
£ c c c v ij_ x x i i j
XX
Et valet clare MMMDccciiij iij iij ob. qdr. di. qdr. £ s. XX
Decima inde [Ibid., II. 1—2.]
CCCiiij.viij. x. —.
(c)
FEUDAL INQUISITIONS
The Inquisitions grouped under this conventional heading are such as may seem to relate more especially to the royal prerogative (if we may use such a loose expression) in the shape of claims to certain incidents of feudal tenure, and to the sole enjoyment of the ancient forests, together with a traditional control over matters of public policy. In the former category we have documents relating to Reliefs, Escheats, Dower, Distraint of Knighthood, the duties of Serjeants, Regards of the Forest. In the latter class specimens are given of processes relating to Lunatics and Encroachments. A few remarks are needed in respect of the diplomatic character and relations of the several specimens. In the case of the earliest in date (Nos. 34 and 35) the conventional sequence of a Writ and Return will not be found. The Formular for Escheators (No. 36) has already been referred to in connexion with Agrarian Surveys (No. 10). Amongst the miscellaneous Inquisitions connected with Escheats those for ' Proof of Age' (No. 39), Homage (No. 40),
Feudal Inquisitions
69
'Taking the Veil' (No. 41) and 'Assignment of Dower' (No. 42) afford interesting variants of the familiar Inquisition Post Mortem (No. 37) and its supplemental form (No. 38). Similarly the sequence of the proceedings connected with Distraint of Knighthood (Nos. 43—45), and their distribution, are of considerable interest. It is by no means certain, however, that an actual Inquisition was taken to supply the information in the Return of the last of these documents. The case of David le Lardiner the King's serjeant (No. 46) will be found also noticed elsewhere (Nos. 37 and 73). For the Forest Inquisition (No. 47) this text is chiefly indebted to Mr Turner's scholarly edition of the Forest Pleas (Selden Society). The distinction between 'Lunatic' (No. 49) and ' Non compos mentis' (No. 48) is apparently an actual diplomatic variant. The ministerial uses of the Inquisitions Ad quod danipnum (No. 50) and Ad quod nocumentum (No. 51) have been referred to in the previous volume (pp. 26 and 59).
34. Writ reciting the terms of the Reliefs payable by the tenants of the bisliopric of Worcester {c. 1095).
Willelmus, Rex Anglorum, omnibus Francis et Anglis qui francas terras tenent de episcopatu de Wireceastra, Salutem. Sciatis quod, mortuo episcopo, honor in manum meam rediit. Nunc volo ut de terris vestris tale relevamen mihi detis, sicut per barones meos disposui. Hugo de Laci xx libras, Walterus Puuher xx libras, Gislebertus filius Turoldi c solidos, Rodbertus episcopus x libras, Abbas de Evesham xxx libras, Walterus de Gloecestra xx libras, Roger filius Durandi (quietus per breve Regis) x libras, Winebald de Balaon x libras, Drogo filius Pontii x libras, Rodbert filius Sckilin c solidos, Rodbert Stirmannus lx solidos, Anschitillus de Colesburna x libras, Rogerus de Cumtune xx solidos, Eudo lx solidos, Willelmus de Begebiri xl solidos, Ricardus et Franca c solidos, Angotus xx solidos, Beraldus xx solidos, Willelmus de Wic xx solidos, Rodbertus filius Nigelli c solidos, Alricus Archidiaconus c solidos, Ordricus dapifer xl libras, Ordricus Blaca c solidos, Colemannus xl solidos, Warinus xxx solidos, Baldwinus xl solidos, Suegen filius Azor xx solidos, Alvredus xxx solidos, Siwardus xl solidos, Saulfus xv libras, Algarus xl solidos, Chippingus xx solidos. Testibus Rannulfo capellano et Eudone dapifero et Ursone de Abetot. Et qui hoc facere noluerit, Urso et Bernardus sasiant et terras et pecunias in manu mea. [MS. Cotton. Tiberius A. I3,fo. 37 (ed. Hearne, 'Heming's Cartulary' I. and f. H. Round, Feudal England, p. 309).]
yo
Select Formulas of 35. Inquisition of Royal Marriages and Wardships (1185). D E DOMINABUS ET PUERIS ET PUELLIS [DE SUDFOLK].
Mabilia de Heliun, que est lx annorum, est de donatione domini Regis, cujus heres est Robertus de Heliun; et ipsa fuit filia Rogeri filii Ricardi. Terra sua quam tenet in dote, valet annuatim c solidos, cum hoc instauramento ; scilicet, xl ovibus, vj bobus, ij equis, ij suibus et j verre D E DOMINABUS ET PUERIS ET PUELLIS IN NORHAMTONSIRA.
Margareta Engaine fuit in donatione domini Regis intra hos viij annos; et Galfridus Brito desponsavit earn, ut dicitur, sine licentia Regis ; et hoc fuit prius ostensum Justiciariis. Galfridus Brito invenit plegios habendi warrantum suum, iij septimanis post festum Sancti Michaelis ad Scheccarium, de dicta Margareta quam duxit in uxorem ; scilicet Thomam de Hale et Alanum de Hale et Johannem de Sudwic Margareta Engaine quam desponsavit Gaufridus Brito, ut supradictum est, habet in Pictesleia vj libratas terre ; et ipsa est L annorum, et heres ejus est Ricardus Engaine, et fuit filia Ricardi filii Ursi. \Rotulus de Dominabus (ed. S. Grimaldi, p. 31 and pp. 13, 14).]
36. Form of Inquisition for Escheators (1259). Forma inquisitionis faciende, per domini regis eschaetorem, de terris et tenementis et rebus aliis in eisdem contentis archiepiscoporum, episcoporum, comitum, baronum, abbatum et priorum et aliorum, qui de domino Rege tenent in capite, post eorum decessum. Inquiratur de maneriis, quot acre sint in dominico arabiles, et quantum quelibet valeat per se, et qui eas teneant. Quot acre prati, et quantum quelibet valeat, et qui eas teneant. Quot pasture separabiles, et qui eas teneant. Quales et quantas bestias quelibet pastura possit sustinere, et quantum valeat pastura cujuslibet acre per se ad locandum. Quales et quantas bestias dominus possit habere in pastura communi. Quod commodum columbariorum, gardinorum per annum. Quod commodum piscaturarum separabilium per annum. Quot molendini, et quantum valeant per annum. Quales bosci, et quid valeant, ut in pannagiis, herbagiis et aliis. Quot libere tenentes, et que tenementa teneant, et a quo tempore; que servitia teneantur facere, et quantum reddunt per annum. Quot consuetudinarii, et quales consuetudines faciant; quantum valeat quelibet consuetudo per se; quantum reddant de redditu assiso preter consuetudines. Et qui, tarn libere tenentium quam consuetudinariorum, possint filios et filias maritare sine licentia domini vel ballivorum suorum, et qui non; et qui possint tayliari ad voluntatem domini, et qui non. Quantum valere possint placita,
Feudal Inquisitions
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perquisita, cherchescot, tarn in blado quam in gallinis et in aliis exitibus, herieta, mercata, per annum. Quod commodum de visu franci plegii. Item, si sit hundredum conjunctum manerio, quantum valeat commodum hundredi per annum. Item, quale et quantum instaurum dominus possit habere in manerio. Inquiratur etiam que approchiamenta fieri possunt in eodem manerio, ut de assartis, brueriis frustrandis, de molendinis et furnis consuetudinariis construendis. Item, de mercato et nundinis faciendis. Item, de gurgitibus et columbariis levandis et omnimodis aliis approbamentis faciendis. Inquiratur etiam que eschaete acciderint domino in manerio Y. ut de terris Normannorum, felonum, et pro defectu heredum, et omnibus aliis eschaetis; quis eas teneat, et per quos, et a quo tempore, et quantum valeant per annum, et que expletia inde provenientia hucusque receperint. Inquiratur etiam que alienationes facte fuerint in eodem manerio, ut de domibus, redditibus, consuetudinibus, libertatibus, advocationibus ecclesiarum, de manu domini Regis subtractis vel alienatis. De nativis, et fugitivis, vel in libertatem mutatis. De boscis domini Regis extra forestam assartatis et vastatis, et omnimodis aliis alienationibus; qui illas alienationes teneant, et qui expletia inde provenientia hucusque receperint. Item, si aliquis gerat se pro libero, cujus pater fuit nativus; et quo jure et waranto libertatem habeat. Item, inquiratur de alienatione servientium, si qua fuerit alienatio adhuc non arentata, et quantum possit arentari de cetero. [A nnales Monastici {Rolls), Vol. I. (A nnals of Burton), p. 479.]
37. Inquisition Post Mortem (55 Henry III). (a)
Writ of Inquisition (Diem clausit extremum).
Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, dilecto et fideli suo Johanni de Reygate escaetori suo ultra Trentam, Salutem. Quia David le Lardiner, qui de nobis tenuit in capite, diem clausit extremum, ut accepimus, vobis mandamus quod omnes terras et tenementa de quibus prefatus David fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo in balliva vestra die quo obiit sine dilatione capiatis in manum nostram et ea salvo custodiatis donee aliud inde preceperimus; et per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva vestra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquiratis, quantum terre prefatus David tenuit de nobis in capite in balliva vestra die quo obiit, et quantum de aliis, et per quod servicium, et quantum terre ille valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus, et quis propinquior heres ejus sit, et cujus etatis. Et Inquisitionem inde distincte et aperte factam nobis, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxv die Octobris, anno regni nostri lvto.
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(6) The Extent. Extenta [facta] die Lune proxima post festum Sancti Leonardi coram J[ohanne] de Reygate, apud Eboracum, anno regni Regis Henrici Lsexto, quantum terre David le Lardiner tenuit de domino Rege in capite die quo obiit, et quantum de aliis, et per quod servicium, et quantum terre ille valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus, et quis propinquior heres ejus sit, et cujus etatis, facta per sacramentum Thome Busterd [and eleven other jurors']. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod idem David tenuit quoddarn mesuagium in Eboraco vij /. xij s. j d. annui redditus, et recepit dictum redditum per manum ballivorum Eboraci. Idem recepit ij s. annui redditus per manum Johannis le Especer. Et recepit in Eboraco de Johanne de Beverle, iiij s. Item, Thomas Bustard reddit eidem vij s. pro terra sua in Bustardthorp. Et tenet quandam landam que vocatur Cortteburn, et valet per annum vj s. viij d. Omnia predicta tenuit de domino Rege in capite, ad gaolam domini Regis de foresta custodiendam, et ad lardariam domini Regis faciendam et custodiendam, et ad sal custibus suis inveniendum. Et pro hoc habebit crura superiora et loynes; et faciet venditiones pro debito domini Regis per summonicionem de Scaccario; et ad quamlibet venditionem habebit \)s. viij d. Et tenuit de domino Roberto de Neuvilla in Skeltone unum mesuagium cum columbario et gardino quod valet per annum j marcam. Summa paret. Et tenet ibidem de eodem, in dominico, quinque bovatas terre, quarum quelibet valet per annum x s. Summa, L J . Et facit forinsecum domino Roberto. Item, tenet unum molendinum ad ventum, et valet per annum j marcam. Item, tenet unam carucatam terre in dominico in Mortone que valet, cum pertinenciis, iiij /. Summa, iiii/. Et reddit altari monasterii Sancte Marie Eboraci VJ\ per annum. Et David filius ejus est ejus heres propinquior et est plene etatis. [Endorsed.] Domino Regi vel ejus Cancellario. [Ch. Inq.p. m. Henry III, File 39, No. 6 {Cal. No. 753).]
38. Supplementary Inquisition Post Mortem (7 Elizabeth), (a) Writ of Inquisition (Que plura). Elizabetha, Dei gratia Anglie, Francie et Hibernie Regina, Fidei Defensor etc. escaetori suo in comitatu Wigornie, Salutem. Quia datum est nobis intelligi quod Willelmus Pynnock, generosus, defunctus, qui de nobis tenuit in capite, tenuit die quo obiit plura terras et tenementa in comitatu predicto quam in Inquisicione inde post mortem predicti Willelmi de mandato dominorum Philippi et Marie, nuper Regis et Regine Anglie, capta et in Cancellariam ipsorum nuper Regis et Regine retornata specificantur, tibi precipimus quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva tua per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquiras que plura terras et
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tenementa predictus Willelmus tenuit in comitatu predicto die quo obiit, et de quo vel de quibus ilia plura terre et tenementa teneantur, et per quod servicium, et quantum valeant per annum in omnibus, et Inquisicionem inde distincte et aperte factam nobis in Cancellariam nostram, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerint, sine dilacione mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipsa, apud Westmonasterium, xij die Marcii, anno regni nostri septimo. (jb) The Inquisition. Wigornia. Inquisitio indentata capta apud Upton super Sabrinam in comitatu Wigornie xxvj die Novembris, anno regni domine Elizabethe, etc. [as above] octavo, coram Johanne Badger, armigero, escaetore dicte domine Regine comitatus predicte, virtute brevis dicte domine Regine de 'que plura' post mortem Willelmi Pinnocke nuper de Hanley Castle in comitatu predicto armigeri defuncti eidem escaetori directi et huic Inquisitioni consuti, per sacramentum, etc. [names of the jurors follow] proborum et legalium hominum comitatus predicti, qui dicunt super eorum sacramentum quod predictus Willelmus Pynnock, in dicto brevi nominatus, non tenuit alia sive plura terras aut tenementa in dicto comitatu die quo obiit quam in Inquisicione quadam inde, post mortem predicti Willelmi, de mandato dominorum Philippi et Marie nuper Regis et Regine Anglie capta et in Cancellariam ipsorum nuper Regis et Regine retornata, specificantur. In cujus rei testimonium tarn predictus escaetor quam juratores predicti huic Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt, die et anno supradictis. Per me Joannem Badger escaetorem domine Regine pro comitatu Wigornie1. Transcriptum inde mittitur in Curiis Wardarum et Scaccarii per Hawley. Liberata fuit Curie viij die Februarii anno subscripto per manum Humfridi Wilshere. [Chan. Inq.p. ni. Elizabeth., Vol. 143, No. 14.] 39. Inquisition for ' Proof of Age' (35 Henry III). (a) Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, etc. [as in No. 37] vicecomiti Cantebrigsire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de Comitatu tuo, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquiras si Matheus films Guimari de Torintune, qui est in custodia Petri de Sabaudia, legittime sit etatis, ita quod hereditas sua, secundum regni Anglie consuetudinem, de jure sibi debeat restitui; et Inquisitionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, nobis mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Wudestoke, xij die Julii, anno regni nostri xxxv. 1
The names and marks of the jurors are subjoined.
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(b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio facta de etate Mathei filii Gumari de Torintone, per Robertum de Hastingges [and twelve other jurors]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod predictus Matheus erit etatis viginti duorum annorum ad festumto Sancti Mathei proximo venturum anno regni Regis Henrici xxxv , et quod hereditas sua, secundum consuetudinem Regni Anglie, sibi de jure debet restitui. [Chan. Inq. p. m. Henry III, File 12 it) (Cal. No. 226).] 40. Certificate of Homage (2 Henry VI.). (a) Departmental Warrant for Homage to be taken in accordance with an Inquisition. Salutem cum dilectione sincera. Compertum est per quandam Inquisicionem coram Andrea Botillere, chivaler, escaetore domini nostri Regis in comitatu Suffolcie, de mandate ejusdem domini nostri Regis captam et in Cancellaria sua retornatam, quod Radulphus Sheltone miles defunctus tenuit, die quo obiit, in dominico suo ut de feodo,manerium deBrendilleye cum pertinenciis in comitatu predicto de dicto domino nostro Rege ut de honore suo de Elione per servicium unius feodi militis et dimidii, et quod Willelmus Sheltone filius ejusdem Radulphi est heres propinquior et plene etatis. Per quod idem Willelmus ad homagium suum dicto domino nostro Regi pro manerio predicto, ut tenetur, faciendum personaliter ad vos venit. Placeat igitur vobis eundem Willelmum predicto domino nostro Regi presentare ut, capto homagio suo, ulterius inde significet velle suum. Scriptum Londonie, xxvj die Januarii. H[omfrey] chambellain d'Engleterre. Per Custodem rotulorum Cancellarii domini nostri Regis. Juratutn d[icto\ xxvj die Januarii anno etc. secundo. [Endorsed!] Nobili ac potenti viro Camerario domini nostri Regis Pro homagio Per custodem Privati SigilH ejusdem domini nostri Regis. (b) The Certificate. Le Roy a pris son homage1. [Chancery, Certificates of Homage, Bdle 1.] 41. Inquisition upon taking the Veil (7 Richard II). (a) Writ of Inquisition. Ricardus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus Hibernie, dilecto sibi Willelmo de Skipwyth juniori, escaetori suo in comitatu 1
This note is written on the top of the document in a cursive hand.
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Lincolnie, Salutem. Quia Johanna filia Johannis, filii Johannis, filii Johannis Chamont, militis, defuncti, qui de domino Edwardo, nuper Rege Anglie, avo nostro, tenuit in capite, consanguinea et una heredum ejusdem Johannis Chamont nuper dum infra etatem et in custodia nostra fuit habitum religionis assumpsit, in quo habitu professa est, ut accepimus, tibi precipimus quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva tua, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquiras si eadem Johanna hujusmodi habitum religionis assumpserit, et in eodem habitu professa existat, necne. Et si sic, tune ubi, et quo tempore, et que terre et que tenementa in manu nostra ratione minoris etatis prefate Johanne existunt, et quantum inde de nobis teneatur, et quantum de aliis, et per quod servitium, et qualiter, et quo modo, et quis propinquior heres ipsius Johanne est, et cujus etatis. Et Inquisicionem inde, distincte et aperte factam, nobis in Cancellaria nostra, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, sine dilatione mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xv die Octobris, anno regni nostri septimo. [Endorsed?^ Responsio Willelmi de Skipwith, Escaetoris domini Regis in comitatu Lincolnesire. Per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva mea diligenter inquisivi de omnibus articulis et circumstanciis in isto brevi contentis et Inquisicionem inde, distincte et aperte coram me captam, coram vobis mitto, sub sigillo meo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuit, huic brevi consuto, inspiciendam. [Chanc. Inq. p. in. 7 Ric. II, No. 29.] (b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio capta apud Hospitale super Stratam, die Lune proxima post festum Sancti Valentini, anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum, septimo ; coram Willelmo de Skipwith juniore, escaetore domini Regis in comitatu Lincolnesire, virtute brevis dicti domini Regis eidem escaetori directi, per sacramentum Willelmi Nevyl [and eleven others]. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Johanna filia Johannis, filii Johannis, filii Johannis Chaumont, militis, defuncti, qui de domino Edwardo nuper* Rege Anglie, avo Regis nunc, tenuit in capite1, habitum religionis assumpsit, videlicet in ordine de Sympryngham, in uno prioratu ordinis Sancti Gilberti de Chykesond juxta Bedeford. Et dicunt quod utrum dicta Johanna sit professa aut non, penitus ignorant. Et dicunt quod predicta Johanna assumpsit dictum habitum monialem in festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis nunc sexto. Et dicunt quod sunt in manu domini Regis, ratione minoris etatis ejusdem Johanne, medietas unius aule in Spridlyngton [Extent of lands follows]. Et dicunt quod non tenuit plura terras seu tenementa de domino Rege nee de aliis dominis in comitatu predicto. Item, dicunt quod Margareta soror ipsius Johanne 1
Cf. Inq. p. m. 6 Ric. II, No. 24 and 8 Ric. II, No. 11.
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est heres propinquior ejusdem Johanne et est etatis octodecim annorum et amplius. In cujus rei testimonium presentibus sigilla predictorum juratorum sunt appensa. Data die, loco et anno supradictis. [Ibid, and Inq. p. m. {Exchequer Series), File 50, No. 12.] 42. Assignment of Dower (15 Richard 1Y). (a) The Writ' De dote assignanda1.' Rex dilecto sibi Willelmo Bolle, escaetori suo in comitatu Lincolnesire, Salutem. Scias quod de maneriis, terris et tenementis que fuerunt Johannis de Burgherssh, chivaler, defuncti qui de nobis tenuit in capite die quo obiit et que per mortem ipsius Johannis capta fuerunt in manum nostram, tam de assensu Johanne de Mohun domine de Dunster, cui custodiam propartis Matilde, filie et unius heredum ejusdem Johannis, infra etatem et in custodia nostra existentis, ipsam Matildam de maneriis, terris et tenementis predictis secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie contingentem, concessimus, quam Johannis Grenevylle et Margarete uxoris ejus, filie et alterius heredum predicti Johannis de. Burgherssh, plene etatis existentis, assignavimus Ismanie, que fuit uxor predicti Johannis de Burghessh, terciam partem manerii de Skendelby cum pertinenciis in comitatu predicto, exceptis [certain parcels follow], habendam in dotem ipsius Ismanie, ipsam, de maneriis, terris et tenementis cum pertinenciis que fuerunt predicti Johannis de Burgherssh quondam viri sui die quo obiit, secundum legem et consuetudinem predictas, contingentem. Et ideo tibi precipimus quod, capto sacramento ipsius Ismanie quod se non maritabit sine licencia nostra, eidem Ismanie dictam terciam partem predicti manerii de Skendelby predictis duabus acris terre in eadem tercia parte exceptis [etc.] que per mortem predicti Johannis de Burgherssh capta fuerunt in manum nostram sine dilatione liberes habendam in dotem suam predictam in forma predicta. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xxj die Marcii. [Close Roll, 15 Ric. II, M. 8.] (&) Certificate of Assignment of Dower, by virtue of the King's Writ*. Assignacio dotis facta per Johannem Malvire vicecomitem Warrwici, Willelmo de Tyryngtone et Johanne uxori ejus, nuper uxori 1 This writ has been substituted for that referred to in the following document (No. 42 (6)) which has not been found on the Close Roll. The form is a very common one, but the assent of the lord is not always expressed (see 42 {c)). 2 See above n. 1 and cf. Inq. p. m. 12 Ric. II, No. 91 and 14 Ric. II, No. 82. This and the following Inquisition are also found as draft Assignments, having been probably preserved as vouchers for the Escheator's Account. They were communicated by the kindness of Mr Ratcliffe of the Public Record Office.
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Roberti le Fyzwith, de manerio de Bobenhulle in dicto comitatu, die Saboti in crastino Sancti Thome Martiris in septimana Natalis Domini, anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum quinto decimo; videlicet de situ manerii, aulam cum camera [the boundaries follow]. Item, redditus exeuntes de tenementis [names of tenants follow]. Simul cum serviciis omnium tenentium supradictorum, cum eorum tenuris et eorum sequelis. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum vicecomitis predicti comitatus presentibus est appensum. [Inquisitions p. m. {Exchequer Series), File 60, No. 16.] (c) Certificate of Assignment of Dower, by the lords consent, Assignacio dotis facta apud Shoteswelle, die Mercurii, in septimana Pasche, anno regni Regis Ricardi, secundi post conquestum, quintodecimo, Willelmo de Tyrington et Johanne uxori sue, nuper uxoris Roberti le Fitzwyth de manerio de Shoteswelle, cum pertinenciis, in comitatu Warwicsire per preceptum Comitis Warwici et concilii sui, unde dicta Johanna ante 1hec tempora dotata fuit et nunc idem comes de certo prebet assensum . Inprimis, ipsa dotata fuit de citu manerii, videlicet [the boundaries and parcels follow] cum redditibus et serviciis omnium tenencium supradictorum, cum tenuris eorundem cum acciderint; cum libero introitu et exitu per portas et hostia citi dicti manerii et rationabiles vias ad terras et tenementa predicta. In cujus rei testimonium Johannes de Catesby firmarius, jam dicti Comitis de duabus partibus, quam dicti Willelmi et Johanne de tercia parte ejusdem manerii, sigilla sua presentibus apposuit. Data die et anno supradictis. [Inquisitions p. m. {Exchequer Series), File 60, No. 16.]
43. Distraint of Knighthood (21 Edward I). {a) Precept to the Sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire to extend and take possession of the lands of those neglecting to take up knighthood. Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie et Dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Oxonie et Berkesire, Salutem. Cum decimo octavo die Februarii anno regni nostri vicesimo tibi preceperimus quod in plenis comitatibus tuis proximis publice proclamari, et omnibus illis de balliva tua quorum interesset ex parte nostra scire faceres quod illi de comitatibus predictis qui haberent quadraginta libratas terre in feodo et hereditate, et qui terras illas et tenementa per triennium ante diem predictum et amplius tenuissent et milites esse debuissent et non erant, arma militaria reciperent ante festum Natalis Domini proximo jam preteritum; ac quidam de balliva tua, licet arma militaria juxta 1
Cf. above 42 (a) in the case of Joan de Moiun.
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formam mandati nostri predicti recepisse debuissent, ea tamen, ut accepimus, nondum receperint, in ejusdem mandati nostri contemptum manifestum; per quod nos inde certiorari volentes, tibi precipimus quod, inquisita inde per sacramentum tarn militum quam aliorum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva tua, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, plenius veritate, omnes terras et tenementa omnium illorum de balliva tua predicta qui arma militaria recepisse debuerunt ante festum predictum, juxta tenorem mandati nostri predicti, et ea non receperunt ante festum Circumcisionis Domini jam transactum, sine dilatione capias in manum nostram et ea salvo custodias donee aliud a nobis inde specialiter habueris in mandatis. Inquisita etiam veritate, quantum terre et tenementa cujuslibet ipsorum in balliva tua valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus nobis inde, et de nominibus eorundem, per latorem presentium, quern ad te ea occasione transmittimus et cui injunximus quod responsum tuum super hoc expectet per litteras tuas, cum omni festinacione qua fieri poterit, distincte et aperte constare facias, remittens nobis hoc breve. Et ita te habeas in hoc mandato nostro exequendo ne super negligentia tua in hac parte merito valeas reprehendi, per quod ad te et tua graviter capere debeamus. Teste me ipso, apud Novum Castrum super Tynam, secundo die Januarii, anno regni nostri vicesimo primo. Herdewyk. [Endorsed^] Responsum hujus brevis patet in cedula huic brevi attachiata et etiam in Inquisicionibus huic brevi attachiatis. (b) Inquisitions of Knighthood in Oxfordshire and Berkshire. Ad mandatum domini Regis cepi Inquisiciones in comitatibus Oxonie et Berkesire secundum tenorem brevis domini Regis michi inde directi. Que quidem Inquisiciones brevi domini Regis sunt attachiate. Et per inquisicionem in comitatu Oxonie factam compertum est quod Willelmus Loveday habet quadraginta libratas terre in feodo per annum, in omnibus exitibus, et terram illam tenuit per triennium ante diem in brevi contentum, set terre sue non excedunt predictas quadraginta libratas. [ The names of others qualified follow.] Et non sunt plures in comitatu Oxonie qui quadraginta libratas terre tenuerunt in forma predicta. Attamen quidam habent terras in comitatu Oxonie et terras in aliis comitatibus, et quorum interest esse milites, ut dicitur, quorum nomina patent in Inquisicione de comitatu Oxonie facta que attachiatur brevi, et quarum quidem terrarum valor in comitatu Oxonie videri potest in ilia Inquisicione. Et valor in aliis comitatibus sciri non potest per me nee per inquisicionem comitatus predicti, nisi tantum de Johanne de Leukenore, uno nominato in Inquisicione predicta, qui habet terras in comitatibus Oxonie et Berkesire, set se non extendunt ad predictas quadraginta libratas. Et quia ignoratur de valore terrarum hujusmodi tenentium in diversis comitatibus, ideo terre eorum in comitatu Oxonie capte non sunt in manum domini Regis.
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Et per aliam inquisicionem, in comitatu Berkesire captam, compertum fuit quod nullus in comitatu predicto fuit tenens de quadraginta libratis terre in feodo, per annum, per terminum ante diem contentum in brevi, quique arma militaria recepit secundum preceptum domini Regis, nisi quidam qui tenent terras in diversis comitatibus, de quibus patet plenius in Inquisicione in comitatu Berkesire capta et que attachiata est huic cedule et brevi. Et quia valor terrarum suarum in aliis comitatibus quam in comitatibus Oxonie et Berkesire sciri non poterit, ideo capte non sunt in manum domini Regis, quia terre eorum in balliva mea ad xl libratas per annum non extendunt. Inquisitio capta coram vicecomite Berkesire super Magnum Pontem Oxonie per sacramentum Willelmi atte Hide [and 35 other jurors] ad inquirendum qui sunt illi qui habent quadraginta libratas terre in feodo et hereditate et terras illas tenuerunt in manus suas per triennium ante decimum octavum diem Februarii anno Regis Edwardi vicesimo, et milites esse debent et arma militaria non receperunt ante festum Circumcisionis Domini anno Regis Edwardi vicesimo primo, secundum quod per breve domini Regis prius inde predicto vicecomiti directum fuit preceptum. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod non est aliquis in comitatu Berkesire qui tenuerit quadraginta libratas terre in feodo et hereditate per triennium ante diem in brevi contentum et qui miles debeat esse, nisi tantum illi qui arma militaria ante Circumcisionem Domini receperunt, set sunt quidam in comitatu Berkesire qui debent esse milites, ut dicitur, propter terras quas tenent, et per triennium, ante diem in brevi contentum tenuerunt, in diversis comitatibus, quarum quidem terrarum valor in isto comitatu inquiri non potest, videlicet Willelmus de Favelore tenet terram, etc. [other names follow\. In cujus rei testimonium predicti juratores sigilla sua huic Inquisitioni apposuerunt. [A similar inquisition follows for Oxfordshire^ [K. R. Knights' Fees, Bundle 3/5, m. 101-4.] 44. Composition for Knighthood, (a) Commission of Inquiry. Carolus, Dei gratia Anglie, Scotie, Francie et Hibernie Rex, Fidei Defensor, Etc. dilectis et fidelibus nostris Thome Sackvile, militi Balnei, Waltero Covert, militi, Willelmo Foorde, militi, Ricardo Amherst, servienti ad legem, Ricardo Lewkenore, armigero, et Johanni Middleton, armigero, Salutem. Cum nos ex certis causis urgentibus diversa brevia nostra omnibus et singulis vicecomitibus de quolibet comitatu civitate et burgo regni nostri Anglie mandaverimus, precipiendo quod quilibet hujusmodi vicecomitum summon[eret] omnes et singulos infra ballivas suas, tarn infra libertatem quam extra, terras tenementa vel hereditamenta quecumque annui valoris xl librarum in usu vel possessione habentes, quod compareant ad certum
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diem et locum in hujusmodi brevibus contenta ad recipiendum ordinem militarem, juxta formam Statuti in hujusmodi casibus editi, et provisi; sciatis quod nos, de fidelitate, industria et providis circumspectionibus vestris in negotiis nostris agendis confidentes, assignavimus vos Commissionarios nostros ad tractandum, communicandum et componendum cum omnibus et singulis subditis nostris de comitatu nostro Sussexie, in libertate Quinque Portuum de comitatu nostro Sussexie predicte, qui finem nobiscum in hujusmodi casu facere voluerint pro exoneratione predicte ordinis militaris hac vice, vel pro contemptu suo in ea parte. Dantes et concedentes vobis, quatuor, tribus sive duobus vestrum plenam auctoritatem et potestatem, per presentes, ad tractandum et componendum, determinandum et concludendum cum omnibus et singulis dictis subditis nostris qui finem nobiscum in hujusmodi casu facere voluerint; necnon ad taxandum et assidendum hujusmodi fines ad certam pecunie summam prout cum subditis nobis predictis, quorum interest in hac parte, concordare poteritis secundum quosdam Articulos presentibus annexatos et non aliter. Ac dies sive diem solucionis hujusmodi finium limittandum et appunctuandum, juxta sanas discretiones vestras et secundum veram intencionem Articulorum predictorum, ad manus collectorum sive receptorum nostrorum in ea parte appunctuatorum sive appunctuandorum ad usum nostrum; et quicquid in premissis vos aut duo sive plures vestrum feceritis secundum veram intencionem presentium, nos gratum et ratum habebimus; ac omnes illos qui nobiscum fines fecerint pro exoneracione ordinis predicte, vel pro contemptu suo in ea parte, ut prefertur, exoneramus, et exonerati sint et quieti erga nos proinde per presentes. Volumus etiam quod vos [etc.] certificacionem de toto facto vestro [etc.] in premissis habeatis [etc.] coram Baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium quam citius poteritis [etc.] sub sigillis vestris [etc.] Curie nostre tune ibidem, unacum hac Commissione nostra, liberandam. Volumus, insuper, et mandamus, per presentes, vicecomitibus [etc.] infra comitatum nostrum predictum quod vobis [etc.] auxiliantes sint [etc.]. In cujus rei, etc. [as in No.0 28]. Teste Humfrido Davenport milite, apud Westmonasterium, xiij die Februarii, anno regni nostri septimo. Per rotulum Memorandorum de eodem anno, rotulo kujus Trinitatis, Commissionum et Litterarum Patentium rotulo, et per Barones1. Fanshawe. (b) The Articles of Inquisition. Instruccons to bee observed in the execucion of the Commissions touchinge Knighthood. i. First upon the receipt of this Our Commission you are to meete together and by your joint consents to advise and resolve of the fyttestth tymes and places and manner of the executinge of this Comission w the most expedicion and beste advantage for our service. [Fourteen other articles follow?^ 1
Endorsed with a note of delivery into Court by one of the Commissioners.
Feudal Inquisitions
8r
(c) The Return by the Commissioners. The names of those persons, together with theire severall answeres, within the Rape and Citty of Chichester and the Rape of Arundell who have been summoned to appeare beefore us [etc.] comicioners, amongst others, assigned within the County of Sussex by virtue of his ties Maties Comicion and Instructions to us directed out of his Ma Court of Excheqr, beareing date the thirteenth day of February in the seaventh yeare of the reigne of our soveraigne lorde Charles, by the grace of God, Kinge of Englande, [etc.] to compound for not appearinge at his Maties coronacion to take upon them the order of knighthood; this beeinge the true states of theire cases particularly as wee can any way bee informed, viz. Chichester Citty. Allen Gawen of Chichester sayth that hee hath not ties forty pounds per annum, and he was in ward at the time of his Ma coronation. [Other evidence follows.] [Commissioners' Signatures appended.] [Exchequer K. R. Special Commission 5678 {collated with K. R. Memor. Roll, Hil. 7, Car. I, rot. 88).]
45.
Summons to Court in respect of Knighthood (21 Edward I).
(a) Writ of Summons. Edwardus, etc. [as in No. 43] dilecto et fideli suo Reginaldo de Grey, Justiciario suo Cestrie, Salutem. Quia Alianoram filiam nostram primogenitam nobili viro domino H[enrico] Comiti de Bar volumus maritare, et festum maritagii illius apud Bristolliam die Dominica proxima post festum Exaltationis Sancte Crucis, Domino concedente, honoriffice celebrari, vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quod omnes milites de balliva vestra corpore et facultatibus potentiores et magis idoneos ex parte nostra specialiter rogari faciatis et requiri ut, dictis die et loco, predicte solempnitati non omittant personaliter interesse. Et habeatis ibi tune nomina militum quos sic rogari feceritis et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Clarendon, xxx die Augusti, anno regni nostri vicesimo primo. (b) The Return. Milites potenciores corpore et facultatibus et magis idonei de balliva mea, rogati ad maritagium domine Alianore filie domini Regis primogenite. Domini:—Hamo de Mascy, Johannes de Orreby, Hugo de Duttone, Thomas Tuschet, Radulphus de Vernon, Edmundus Fyton, Petrus de Duttone. [Misc. of the Chancery, Bdle i, File 4, No. 3.] H. F.
11.
6
82
Select Formulas of 46. Inquisition as to the duties of a Serjeanty (31 Henry III). (a)
Writ of Inquisition.
Henricus, etc. [as in No. 37] vicecomiti Eboracsire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu tuo per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit diligenter inquiras utrum gaiola nostra de foresta que est in custodia Davidis le Lardiner et in civitate nostra Eboraci fieri debeat ad custum nostrum vel ad custum ipsius Davidis eo quod custodiam illam habet de feodo. Et Inquisicionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, sine dilatione nobis mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xiij die Februarii, anno regni nostri xxxj. (b) Further Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, etc. [as in No. 37] vicecomiti Eboracsire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu tuo diligentem facias Inquisitionem utrum David Lardinarius, qui habet de feodo custodiam gaiole nostre de foresta in comitatu Eboracsire, debeat gaiolam illam construere et reparare ad custum suum proprium, vel construi et reparari debeat gaiola ilia ad custum nostrum. Et Inquisicionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, sine dilatione nobis mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Wodestoke, xxvj die Julii, anno regni nostri xxxj. (c)
The Inquisition.
Inquisitio utrum gaiola domini Regis de foresta, que est in custodia Davidis Le Lardiner in civitate Eboraci, fieri debeat ad custum domini Regis, vel ad custum ipsius Davidis, eo quod custodiam illam habet de feodo, facta per subscriptos scilicet Willelmum de Barton [and eleven other jurors']. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod dominus Rex habuit eandem gaiolam suam in civitate Eboraci ad incarceratos suos custodiendos qui capti fuerunt pro transgressione foreste domini Regis, quam predictus David Le Lardener modo habet in custodia sua de feodo; priusque idem David vel alii antecessorum suorum feoffati fuerunt per cartam domini Regis de custodia dicte gaiole, que facta fuit ad custum domini Regis. Et nunquam postea necesse fuit ipsam gaiolam innovare; set in tempore Galfridi de Nevilla, Camerarii Anglie, qui fuit custos de foresta et vicecomes Eboracsire et custos castrorum domini Regis in eodem comitatu, fuit predicta gaiola in aliqua parte sua emendata, ita, scilicet, quod maeremium unde fuit reparata captum fuit in foresta domini Regis de Galtris per predictum Galfridum et reparata fuit ad custum domini Regis, et hac ratione dicunt dicti inquisitores quod dicta gaiola debet reparari ad custum
Feudal Inquisitions
8$
domini Regis et non ad custum predicti Davidis. In cujus rei testimonium huic inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. \Chanc. Miscellaneous Inquisitions, File 2, Nos. 15 and 19.] 47. Regard of the Forest (13—39 Henry III), (a) Writ of Inquisition (13 Henry III). Rex, vicecomiti Rotelande1, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod sine dilatione convenire facias coram te, ad diem competentem et locum, omnes forestarios et regardatores ballive tue, ad regardum faciendum in eadem balliva tua, ante adventum capitalis justiciarii foreste nostre in partes illas. Et loco regardatorum qui mortui sunt vel infirmi, alios eligi facias de comitatu tuo, ita quod duodecim sint in quolibet regardo, et nomina eorum imbrevientur. Debent autem forestarii jurare, quod ducent duodecim milites electos per totam ballivam suam, ad videndum omnes transgressiones que exprimuntur in scripto Capitulorum quod tibi mittimus, et hoc non dimittent pro aliqua re. Debent etiam milites jurare quod facient regardum secundum formam Capitulorum predictorum et quod ibunt sicut forestarii illos ducent ad predicta videnda. Et si forestarii noluerint vel nescierint illos ducere, vel aliquod forisfactum concelare voluerint, quod ipsi milites non dimittent pro illis, quin forisfactum illud videant et imbreviari facient, et hoc pro nulla re dimittent. Hoc autem breve et Capitula predicta conscribantur et mittantur in quolibet regardo; ita quod regardatores secundum formam predictorum Capitulorum possint operari. Mandavimus autem forestariis et regardatoribus ballive tue, per Literas nostras quas ad te mittimus, quod ad mandatum tuum sic faciant. Tu igitur predicta predicto modo exsequi non omittas, ita quod regardum fiat ante octavas Pasche anno regni nostri decimo tertio. Teste rege, apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo primo die Februarii, anno [regni nostri tertio decimo]. (b) Writ of Instruction (same date). Rex, forestariis et regardatoribus per comitatum Rotelande1 constitutis, Salutem. Mandavimus vicecomiti Rotelande quod, sine dilatione, vos coram se convenire faciat, ad faciendum regardum in balliva sua, ante adventum capitalis justiciarii foreste nostre in partes illas ; et loco regardatorum qui mortui sunt vel infirmi alios eligi faciat, ita quod duodecim sint in quolibet regardo, et nomina illorum imbrevientur. Jurabitis autem, vos forestarii et regardatores, quod inde operabimini, sicut plenius exprimitur in Literis nostris et scripto Capitulorum que predicto vicecomiti misimus. Vobis igitur mandamus quod hec omnia, que ad vos pertinent secundum predicta, ad mandatum ipsius vicecomitis exsequamini diligenter; ita tamen quod regardum illud fiat ante octavas Pasche anno regni nostri decimo tertio. Teste ut supra. 1
This writ was also sent to 24 other counties. 6—2
84
Select Formulas of
(c) Articles of Inquisition {same date). Videnda sunt omnia assarta facta in foresta, post principium secundi anni prime coronationis domini Henrici regis filii Johannis regis, et estimanda per numerum acrarum ; et inquirendum quis ilia fecerit, et quis modo ea teneat, et quo blado imbladata fuerint; et si modo imbladata non fuerint, inquirendum quo blado inbladata fuerint post principium secundi anni prime coronationis dicti Regis Henrici, sive post ultimum regardum post tempus predictum factum. Et imbladatio hivernagii scribatur per se, et imbladatio tremesii scribatur per se, et inquirendum de cujus feodo fuerint, et ad quam villam pertineant. Et assarta que facta fuerunt ante ultimum regardum factum post principium secundi anni prime coronationis predicti Regis Henrici scribantur per se; et ilia que facta fuerint postea scribantur per se. Item, vidende sunt purpresture veteres et nove facte post principium secundi anni prime coronationis predicti Regis Henrici, ubicumque facte fuerint, sive in bosco sive extra boscum, sive in landis, brueris, mariscis, turbariis et glebis, qualicumque modo occupate fuerint, nisi sit molendinum, vivaria, stagna, marlera, vel fossatum extra coopertum foreste, que facta fuerunt post confectionem carte domini Regis de libertatibus foreste; et veteres scribantur per se, et nove per se, et quis teneat. Item, vidende sunt omnes purpresture de terra arabili extra coopertum foreste in terra arabili, facte post confectionem carte domini Regis de libertatibus foreste, et estimande per numerum acrarum, et videndum quo blado modo imbladate fuerint; et si modo imbladate non fuerint, inquirendum quo blado imbladate fuerint post tempus predictum, et quis ea tenet, et ad quam villam pertineant et scribantur per se. Item, videnda sunt omnia vasta boscorum, tam nova quam vetera, facta post principium secundi anni prime coronationis predicti Regis Henrici, et inquirendum quis ea fecerit, et quis modo ea teneat, et de cujus feodo sint, et quorum bosci fuerint, et ad quam villam pertineant, et vetera scribantur per se, et nova per se. Et videndi sunt dominici bosci domini Regis, et quilibet ceppus de quercu et de fago factus, post principium secundi anni prime coronationis predicti Regis Henrici, sive post ultimum regardum, si quod postea factum fuerit, debet diligenter nominari et per se scribi; et inquirendum utrum bosci deteriorati fuerint de subbosco vel exbrancatura, et deterioratio subbosci et exbrancature scribatur per se. Simili modo vidende sunt dominice haye et chacie domini Regis ubi nemo communicat, utrum fuerint custodite de herbagio et aliis sicut debent custodiri; et scriba[n]tur per se. Omnes purpresture et omnia essarta et vasta facta in dominicis domini Regis videantur, et imbrevientur eodem modo quo solebant fieri ante confectionem carte domini Regis de libertatibus foreste concessis probis hominibus Anglie. Vidende sunt etiam aerie osturcorum et espervariorum et falconum, in quibus boscis fuerint, et quis ea habuerit et de jure habere debuerit et consueverit, et scriba[n]tur per se.
Feudal Inquisitions
85
Item, vidende sunt forgie et minere, in cujus feodo fuerint in foresta, sive in dominico domini Regis, sive extra dominicum, et inquirendurn quales consuetudines et redditus reddant, et quis ea habuerit et de jure habere debuerit et consueverit, et ex quo tempore incepte fuerint, et scribantur per se. Item, videndi sunt portus in quibus applicant naves vel batelli ad exportandum maremium vel buscam de forestis, si quis fuerit de novo factus tempore Regis Henrici primi; quis eum fecerit vel maeremium vel buscam asportaverit, et per quern et in cujus feodo fuerit, et scriba[n]tur per se. Item, videndum est de melle si fuerit in foresta, quis illud habuerit et de jure habere debuerit, an dominus Rex an alius. Item, milites debent attente inquirere in itinere suo quis habuerit arcus vel sagittas, vel balistas, vel brachettos, vel leporarios, vel aliquid aliud ingenium ad malefaciendum domino regi de bestiis suis. {Patent Roll, 13 Henry III, m. gd. Cal. {Shirley, Royal letters, I. 345-8)-] (d) The Regard (29 Henry III). Hoc est Regardum factum ad Pentecostem anno regni Regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis xxix°, tarn de Assartis, quam de Purpresturis et aliis articulis contentis in capitulis Regardatorum quorum hec sunt nomina [the names follow]: Qui jurati dicunt quod Adam de Pyrintone, dominus de Faxtone, assartavit Fackel de feodo suo proprio, et continet in se, per estimationem, lxj acras, et pertinet ad manerium suum de Faxtone, unde recepit post ultimum regardum, de xx acris et dimidia, j vesturam frumenti; et modo inbladiatur avena; et de xx acris et dimidia, j vesturam avene, et modo jacent warecte; et xx acre inbladiantur frumento; et dictus Adam dictum assartum adhuc tenet. Willelmus de Merca fecit j purpresturam in Audewincle de dominico domini Regis, et continet j rodam et dimidiam, unde nichil recepit post ultimum regardum set modo inbladiatur frumento; et adhuc tenet. Nova assarta facta post itinera comitatus R. Passelewe. Robertus de Mares assartavit in Ristone j acram, de feodo domini Regis, unde Robertus, clericus dicti Roberti qui dictum assartum tenet, recepit post ultimum regardum j vesturam frumenti; et modo inbladiatur avena. 'Videnda sunt omnia vasta.' Vetera Vasta. Boscus de Wymale est in veteri vasto de quercubus per Simonem de Wymale, et modo tenet illud Wido Wake.
86
Select Formulas of
Nova Vasta. Boscus Abbatis de Burgo pertinet ad manerium suum de Cotingam de proprio feudo suo ; set quidam angulus sub villa vastatur de novo de quercubus per Willelmum de Hottot, Abbatem, et per castrum de Rokingam. Ceppi quercuum. ' Videndi sunt omnes dominici bosci et quibus ceppi,' etc. Numerus cepporum inventorum in dominicis boscis domini Regis tempore W....de Norhamptone. In bosco de firma de Clyve inventi fuerunt xxxvij ceppi [etc.]. Item, 'vidende sunt dominice haye domini Regis'—Dicunt quod nichil sciunt; sed bene custodiuntur. Item, dicunt quod de purpresturis nee assartis factis in dominicis domini Regis nichil sciunt. Item, 'vidende sunt omnes aerie austurcorum, spervariorum et falconum,' etc.—Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, 'vidende sunt portus quibus applicant naves,' etc.—Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, 'videndum est mel,' etc.—Dicunt quod Johannes de Hout in Stanerne exarsit in altitudine septem pedum unum quercum in dominico bosco domini Regis pro melle invento. Item, 'milites debent attente inquirere,' etc. Dicunt quod Henricus de Engayn habet leporarios brachettos, ad leporem, wlpem, et catum capiendos. Item, dicunt quod Willelmus de Bretun habet leporarios brachettos ad idem. \Exch. T. of R. 67, in. 7 {Pleas of the Forest, Selden Soc.,p.
48. Inquisition 0/Non compos mentis (55 Henry III). (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, etc. [as in No. 37] vicecomiti Huntindonesire, Salutem. Cum Simon de Staunton non sit compos mentis sue, ut se aut sua regere possit, ut accepimus ; per quod, ex alienatione terrarum suarum, posset ei et heredibus suis exheredationis periculum imminere; nos, volentes super hoc remedium adhiberi, tibi precipimus quod per sacramentum, tarn militum, quam aliorum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva tua per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, in propria persona tua diligenter inquiras utrum predictus Simon compos mentis sue non existat, sicut predictum est; et si compos mentis sue non existat, qualiter, et quo modo, et a quo tempore; et quantum terre sue valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus ; et de quo teneat, et per quod servicium. Et inquisitionem inde distincte et aperte factam nobis, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta merit, sine dilatione mittas et hoc breve. N.D.
Feudal Inquisitions
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(b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio facta apud Huntingdone die dominica proxima post festum Sancti Mathei Apostoli, anno regni regis Henrici Lquinto per [the jurors' names follow], in Stanton, utrum Simon de Stanton compos mentis sue non existat, prout continetur in brevi. Qui dicunt per sacramentum suum quod predictus Simon est compos mentis sue et in bono statu, et se et sua bene et competenter regit, nee aliquam terrarum suarum facit alienacionem ; set dicunt quod vendidit cuidam Ricardo Capellano vij rodas terre pro v marcis et pro redditu ix d. per annum. Item, dicunt quod terre sue in omnibus exitibus valent per annum xx/.; et tenet de Nicholao de Segrave et Roberto de Bosworth, per servicium unius libre cimini dicto Nicholao, et ix denariorum et oboli predicto Roberto pro omnibus serviciis. [Chanc. Inq. P. M. Hen. Ill, File 40, No. 11 (Cal. No. 778).]
49. Inquisition De Lunatico inquirendo (6 William and Mary), (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Gulielmus et Maria, Dei gratia Anglie, Scotie, Francie et Hibernie Rex et Regina, Fidei Defensores, etc. dilectis sibi Henrico Dawly [and six other Commissioners'] Salutem. Sciatis quod assignavimus vos, tres vel plures vestrum, quorum prefatum Henricum Dawley vel Thomam Coward unum esse volumus, ad inquirendum, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu nostro Southamptone, tarn infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, utrum Willelmus Allwin de Alresford in comitatu Southamptone predicto, generosus, lunaticus est aut lucidis gaudeat intervallis, ita quod regimini sui ipsius, maneriorum, messuagiorum, terrarum, tenementorum, bonorum, et catallorum suorum non sufficit; et si sit, tune a quo tempore, qualiter, et quomodo. Et si idem Willelmus, in eodem statu existens, terras aut tenementa aliqua alienaverit, necne; et si sic, quas terras et que tenementa; cui vel quibus, ubi, quando, qualiter, et quomodo. Et que terre et tenementa, bona et catalla adhuc sibi remaneant; et de quo vel de quibus tarn terre et tenementa sic alienata quam terre et tenementa sibi retenta teneantur, et per quod servicium, et qualiter et quomodo, et quantum valeant per annum in omnibus exitibus, et quis propinquior heres ejus sit et cujus etatis. Ideo vobis [etc.], quorum [etc.], mandamus quod, ad certos dies et loca, quos ad hoc provideritis, diligenter super premissis faciatis Inquisicionem, et earn distincte et aperte factam nobis in Cancellariam nostram, sub sigillis vestris [etc.], quorum [etc.], et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, sine dilatione mittatis et has Litteras nostras Patentes. Mandamus enim, tenore presentium, vicecomiti nostro comitatus Southampton' predicti quod ad certos dies et loca, quos ei sciri feceritis, venire faciat coram vobis [etc.], quorum
88
Select Formulas of
[etc.] tot et tales probos et legates homines de balliva sua, tam infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Testibus nobis ipsis, apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo primo die Aprilis, anno regni nostri sexto. Thomson. [Endorsed.'] Executio istius Commissionis patet in quadam scedula huic brevi annexata. Thos. Coward, Ri. Cobbe, Jo. White. (b) The Return. Inquisitio indentata capta apud Novum Alresford in comitatu Southampton' predicto decimo septimo die Maii anno regni domini Willelmi et Marie [as above] sexto, coram Thoma Coward [and two others] commissionariis eorundem domini Regis et domine Regine, virtute Commissionis sue sub Magno Sigillo suo Anglie, eisdem commissionariis et aliis in eadem Commissione nominatis directe et huic Inquisitioni annexe, in natura brevis dictorum domini Regis et domine Regine ' de Lunatico Inquirendo,' ad inquirendum (inter alia) de lunacia Willelmi Allwin de Novo Alresford in comitatu Southamptone predicto, generosi, per sacramentum [the names of twelve jurors follow] [etc.]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod predictus Willelmus Allwin tempore capcionis hujus Inquisitionis lunaticus est et non compos mentis sue, et non gaudet lucidis intervallis: ita quod regimini sui ipsius, maneriorum, messuagiorum, terrarum, tenementorum, bonorum et catallorum suorum non sufficit. Et iidem juratores, super sacramentum suum predictum, ulterius dicunt quod predictus Willelmus Allwin fuit lunaticus per spacium quinque mensium ultra elapsarum; sed qualiter et quomodo idem Willelmus ad lunaciam suam predictam deveniebat, juratores predicti penitus ignorant, nisi per visitacionem Dei. Et ulterius iidem juratores super sacramentum predictum dicunt quod predictus Willelmus Allwin tempore capcionis hujus Inquisitionis, seisitus existit in dominico suo ut de feodo de certis terris et tenementis in [etc.] ad annuam valenciam [etc.] sed de quo vel de quibus, aut per que tenementa predicta teneantur juratores predicti ignorant. Et iidem juratores, super sacramentum suum predictum, ulterius dicunt quod predictus Willelmus Allwinn tempore capcionis hujus Inquisicionis possessionatus est de diversis bonis et catallis ad valenciam [etc.]. Et ulterius iidem juratores [etc.] dicunt quod predictus [etc.] non alienavit aliquas terras sive tenementa durante lunacia sua predicta, nee habet [etc.]. Et postremo iidem [etc.] dicunt quod Robertus Allwin est ejus filius et proximus heres ac tempore capcionis hujus Inquisicionis est etatis quinque annorum aut eo circiter. In cujus rei testimonium, tam commissionarii predicti quam juratores predicti sigilla sua huic Inquisitioni alternatim apposuerunt die, anno et loco primo supradictis. [Names and seals of jurors^]
Feudal Inquisitions
89
Liberate fuit Curie vicesimo quarto die Maii anno Regni domini Gulielmi et domine Marie Regis et Regine Anglie [etc.'] sexto per : manus Rogeri Lewis servientis Roberti Thomson generosi . [Chancery, Petty Bag, Lunacy Commissions, Bdle I. No. 7.]
50. Inquisition Ad quod dampnum (25 Henry III). (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, etc. [as in No. 39] vicecomiti Eboracsire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, Eboraci, diligenter inquiras quantum dampnum probi homines nostri de Eboraco passi sunt per purpresturam quam Galfridus, quondam Camerarius noster, fecit ad elargiendum fossatum civitatis nostre de Eboraco et ad tuicionem ejusdem civitatis tempore Gwerre, et quantum singulis annis eisdem hominibus per purpresturam predictam deperit; et Inquisitionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et predictorum inquisitorum, nobis mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, iiij° die Maii, anno regni nostri xxv°. (b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio facta per sacramentum Pauli de Mubray [and eleven other jurors] ad inquirendum quantum damni probi homines civitatis Eboraci passi sunt per purpresturam quam Galfridus quondam Camerarius domini Regis fecit ad elargiendum fossatum civitatis Eboraci et ad tuicionem ejusdem civitatis tempore Gwerre, et quantum singulis annis eisdem hominibus per purpresturam predictam deperit. Qui dicunt quod Herbertus de Holdernes habuit septem domos super duwam fossati de Floxwangate que prostrate fuerunt per predictum Galfridum, tune Camerarium, ad elargiendum fossatum tempore Gwerre, et amisit annuum redditum viginti solidorum. [Other cases follow. There is no clause of execution by the jurors?^ [Inqs. Misc. Chancery, File I, No. 10.]
51. Inquisition Ad quod nocumentum (36 Henry III). (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, etc. [as in No. 39] vicecomiti Kancie, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum, diligenter inquiras utrum esset ad nocumentum nostrum vel vicinorum mercatorum si concederemus domino Cantuariensi archiepiscopo quod ipse haberet unum mercatum, singulis septimanis, per diem 1
MS. torn.
90
Select Formulas of Feudal Inquisitions
Martis, apud manerium suum de Wengham. Et si esset ad nocumentum nostrum vel vicinorum mercatorum, ad quod nocumeritum. Et Inquisitionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, nobis sine dilatione mittas, et hoc breve. Teste me ipso apud Otteforde, xiiij die Marcii, anno regni nostri xxxvj. (b) The Inquisition. Nomina inquisitorum ad inquirendum si dominus rex concederet domino Cantuariensi archiepiscopo quod ipse haberet unum mercatum, singulis septimanis, per diem Martis, apud manerium suum de Wyngeham, et si esset ad nocumentum ipsius domini Regis vel vicinorum mercatorum, ad quod nocumentum [etc.] sunt: scilicet Rogerus de Chiltone [and eleven others]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod predictum mercatum, sic concessum, non erit ad nocumentum domini Regis nee vicinorum mercatorum; immo potius ad commodum. Et quod mercatum tarn de Cantuaria quam de Sandwico per diem Mercurii poterit meliorari per accessum mercatorum venientium ad dictum mercatum de Wyngeham. Dicunt etiam quod per diem Martis non est aliquod mercatum prope Wyngeham cui nocere posset nee etiam vicinum per xx leucas, quod est apud Lenham. [Chan. Inq. Ad Q. D. II. 22.]
B. ROYAL ACCOUNTS The conventional Account naturally differs in its general aspect from other Records, although in certain cases it may assume the shape of a narrative document or may be incorporated in a Record or State Paper (No. 54£"). Again the Account itself may be described under a title derived from the subject-matter with which it deals, and thus we speak familiarly of ' Subsidies' and ' Assessments,' of a Taxatio and a Valor (Nos. 28—33). So too, special titles are applied to presentments of Account, such as 'States' and ' Views' (Nos. 5 3 / 55 (ii) c, 55 (iii)), ' Imprests,' ' Estreats,' ' Assignments' and the like. It should be noticed also that, although the construction of the conventional Account is apparently uniform, the theoretical composition of certain forms, such as the Pipe Rolls, frequently differs from the actual practice observed in individual cases. The normal Account should, however, consist of the following parts or clauses: 1. The Heading or Title, containing the name of the accountant and the date and place or subject-matter of the Account. 2. The Charge (a statement of the Arrears, Receipts, or Imprests, which are to be accounted for, with their ' sum'). 3. The Discharge (a corresponding statement of the Paying in, or Re-payment, or of the authorized Disbursements and Expenses made or incurred by the Accountant, with their ' sum'). 4. The Balance (ascertained by subtracting the ' sum' of the Allowances from the 'sum' of the Charge) proving the Accountant to be quit or indebted or possessed of a surplus as the case may be. It may be remarked, however, that originally the ' Paying in' was noted in a separate clause {Liberatio) inserted either between the Receipts and the Disbursements or in the statement of the Balance. The outward form of the Account is equally important for determining the classification of this group of Records. Thus we are able to recognise certain distinctive classes, which may perhaps be arranged
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according to the successive stages through which the Account passed from its first inception to its final acceptance. 1. The Sub-Accounts or other subsidiary documents from which the Original Account was compiled. 2. The Original Account (with 'Particulars'), presented for Audit. 3. The Enrolment of the original Account, as a Record of the Audit. 4. The ' State' or ' View' or ' Parcels ' of the same, for departmental purposes. 5. Compilations based on the Account for statistical purposes or for official reference. Finally, it should be noted that the Account itself is to be regarded as a Return to a royal writ or other warrant which usually takes the form of a Commission or Precept appointing the Accountant or authorizing his disbursements subject to account at the Exchequer. At the same time it must be remembered that the form of the Account itself is also to some extent affected by the subject with which it is concerned. Thus in the class of Revenue Accounts the Charge or Receipt side is specially developed and the Allowances or Disbursements are comparatively insignificant leaving a large balance to be paid into the Treasury or accounted for by the fact that the Collector has honoured ' Assignments' made upon his funds in favour of some importunate royal debtor (cf. No. 29). On the other hand the Accounts of executive officers, like those of the later ' spending departments' of the State, merely acknowledge the receipt of large sums ' imprested ' or advanced from the Exchequer or Wardrobe, the disbursement of which is accounted for in great detail. The antiquity of the royal Account is a subject of purely constitutional or economic interest, and few materials for its history exist in this country before the 12th century. Nevertheless the conventional form of the Account was recognized in the early days of the Frankish Empire1, and it can at least be traced in the records of the Anglo-Norman Exchequer during the greater part of the 12th century (No. 52). From that date to the middle of the last century the conservation of these fiscal methods forms one of the most striking features of our national Records. But although the general system of the Exchequer remained practically unchanged from first to last, the clerical style of the Account underwent great changes in the early part of the 16th century. 1
M. G. Leges I. 185 [Cap. de Villis, c. 55].
Royal Accounts
93
In order to illustrate the evolution of the official Account, sequences of main and subsidiary forms (Nos. 52—55) have been prepared to illustrate the practice that prevailed during the earlier and later periods of the history of this country. (Cf. also No. 59.) It will be noticed here that the earliest Accounts are in the usual sequence of an Original Account, as rendered yearly, with its Subsidiary documents, and the official Enrolment of the former at the Exchequer at first in the Pipe Roll and, after the 42nd year of Edward III, in a continuous series of Foreign Accounts. During the Tudor and Stuart periods, however, the sequence comprises a Subsidiary Account, now known as a ' Ledger Book,' a Declared Account (of which the Pipe Office duplicate only is printed here) and brief Exchequer enrolments in the shape of certain ' States' and 'Views1.' No specimens of the very extensive class of departmental certificates and statements of Accounts, for the modern period, have been printed here for the reason that these are either mere memoranda, or are in the nature of statistical compilations. Similarly no attempt has been made to illustrate the purely departmental system of the Exchequer for the purposes of the audit. A good account of this practice will be found in Mr Scargill-Bird's Guide, whilst some information on the subject of special forms of Account such as the Debenture, Indenture, Estreat, Valor, Inventory, Assessment, Subsidy, Taxation, Imprest, etc., will be found in this or in the former volume of official formulas. (i)
ROYAL ACCOUNTS (12TH
CENTURY)
Although the Norman method of accounting at the Exchequer based upon the system of the Abacus was evidently in use from the early part of the 12th century and was preceded by a still earlier method connected with the levy of the geld in the n t h century, no specimens of Royal Accounts have survived previous to the 13th century with the exception of the enrolments known as the Pipe Rolls and mere lists of figures contained in a few fragments of Exchequer memoranda2. Similarly narrative compoti, such as the 1
See below, Nos. 55 ii (
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famous Account of Richard de Anesti, do not furnish us with the conventional forms of an Account. A specimen has been printed here (No. 52 (a)) of a Minister's Account which, though derived from a private source, and an enrolment of later date than the year 1200, can be shown to be in the same form as Bailiffs' Accounts of the 12th century1. To this have been added two specimens of the Exchequer Revenue Rolls of that period, and it will be observed that the items of the Receipt Roll (No. 52 b) agree with the corresponding entries in the great Pipe Roll itself (No. 52 c). The latter, moreover, exhibit the same plan of construction as that found in the Winchester Bailiffs' Account of 1208, and it must be insisted that a very similar Account must have been rendered at the Exchequer in 1185 in connexion with the Lincoln bishopric enrolment printed here2. (ii)
ROYAL ACCOUNTS
(13TH—15TH
CENTURIES)
The Account of the Keeper of the Queen's liberty of the Forest of Feckenham in the 43rd year of Edward III has been selected quite at random as a type which seemed likely to comply with the exigencies of the present section in respect of space. This ' liberty' was one of many similar franchises in other counties administered by bailiffs, and, as in other cases, it was closely connected with the administration of the Forest and of the royal manor, under the charge of a separate accountant. The typical documents of the present sequence should include the Queen's commission for the accountant's office, but this is not apparently preserved either as an original or an enrolment. Its loss has been supplied by using the original commission for a kindred office, that of the Keeper of the Queen's Liberty of the Forest of Chippenham at the same date (No. 53 (a)). The Particulars of the Feckenham Account (b) would have been compiled from certain sub-accounts, corroborated by various precepts and vouchers (c). In the present instance, however, the meagreness of the Account, which was so desirable for reasons of economy of space, precluded the preparation of such subsidiary documents. This void has, however, been supplied by the fortunate survival of numerous vouchers appended to the closely-related Account of the bailiff of the Manor of Feckenham 1 Winchester Pipe Roll (London School of Economics), p. xii. It is interesting to find that the Accounts of this Bishopric, sede vacante, are preserved in the same form in the reign of Henry I I I . 2 The Winchester Bishopric Account on the Pipe Roll of 1185 was not used because the entries for this see in the Receipt Roll of the same date are somewhat meagre.
Royal Accounts
95
together with some for earlier Accounts presented by the Keeper of the Liberty of the Forest itself. Most of these are badly mutilated, but the whole series furnishes us with a graphic picture of the local administration. As in the case of other bailiffs of this Queen's ' Liberties' the receipts of forfeited goods might be diminished not only by bad debts (c (i)) but also by the Queen's warrants releasing poor debtors from their ' Lady's' feudal claims. There exists such a warrant for John of Leicester, the present accountant, to forego the Queen's claims to the chattels of a poor outlaw, and another desiring him to expend the issues of fines imposed by the Justices (an 'Estreat' of which is annexed) in the repair of houses and the enclosure {claustura) of the Park. The latter undertaking is illustrated by several interesting documents. By a warrant of the 16th year the Park was to be surrounded with a ditch and quick-set 'hedge' and the work was to be paid for by periodical sales of underwood. The result was found in the 38th year to be so unsatisfactory that a paling was to be added, the timber being found from the Queen's forest. These successive operations involved the exchange of indentures between the farmer, the bailiff of the liberty, the surveyor of works (c (ii)) or the Ranger of the Forests, and the keeping of detailed Accounts (c (Hi)). Next to the enclosure of the Park the preservation of the ' Lake' seems to have been the chief concern both of the farmer of the forest and the bailiff of the Liberty. Warrants were issued for this stew to be ' fished' during Lent and the proceeds, up to the value of £20, to be expended on the repair of buildings and of the lake itself. Another indenture was taken for this purpose between the Queen's fisherman and the local officers, but it appears from a forest inquisition of the period (T. of R. Forests, 319) that the former was accused of 'lending' his nets to local poachers,including a neighbouring rector, and these offenders actually figure in the Estreat of fines above referred to. It would seem that when the resources of the forest, under-wood, and the fishery were temporarily exhausted the bailiff of the liberty was even directed by the Queen's warrant to sell a certain grange and other buildings to defray the cost of the perennial 'operations1.' Amongst these subsidiary documents there are also included a few that were directly connected with the official audit of the original account including besides the expenses of the local audit at Feckenham by the Queen's surveyor (c (ii)), the 'View' of a sub-accountant's 1
This grange can probably be identified by an undated deed (Ancient Deeds, B. 3329).
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'State' of account, and a formal petition or 'craving' for allowance of certain particulars. The several stages in the audit of an Account at the Exchequer itself are partially illustrated by the concluding documents in this sequence. A complete series of instruments representing the several stages of the Process of the Exchequer would occupy a very considerable space and, moreover, the local account originally selected for illustration was not one that required the close attention of the officials. The detailed Audit of the Accountant in question was taken, as we have seen, upon the spot and its result probably figured in the amended particulars of the original Account (b). Some other record, however, was probably compiled in connexion with the administration of the Queen's revenue, but this, like the entry of her warrants, no longer exists. In the case of the King's own revenue, such Original Accounts were enrolled in a distinct series of enrolments, the 'Foreign Accounts' gradually thrown off by the great Pipe Roll since the Ordinances of the Exchequer under Edward II {RedBook, pp. 860, etc.)1; but the manors or liberties allotted for the Queen's dower were not brought to account here. In the exceptional case, however, of the Accounts pending at the death of Queen Philippa, a special enrolment was provided known as the Account of the 'Queen's Lands,' and this has supplied the typical form of an Enrolled Account (d). The final audit and enrolment of these ' Particulars' is of course found in the Worcestershire account of the Pipe Roll itself {£) reduced to the form of a brief entry. But before this was completed various formalities had to be gone through. The Sheriff's Account begins with the Summons of the Pipe (e), to which, from the earliest times, the first draft of the Account was appended as a schedule, though only a few fragments of these Summonses have survived before the reign of Henry VI. The successive stages of the Proffer and View of the Account, the appearance of the Sheriff at the Exchequer, the appointment of his attorneys, the day given him to account and the precepts of the court issued from time to time in connexion with outstanding debts and other business are noted amongst the Exchequer Memoranda ( / ) . No entry occurs for this year in the Exannual Roll which provided a distinct enrolment of ' desperate debts' under the statute of 12 Edward I, these being forthwith removed from the Pipe Roll. In spite of this provision it will be noticed that debts continued to be entered in the Pipe Roll. No extracts have been given here from the important Receipt Rolls and Issue 1
See Public Record Office, 'List of Foreign Accounts,' Introduction.
Royal Accounts
97
Rolls of the Exchequer of Receipt, since at this date the former series have ceased to display the operations of the local bailiwicks in connexion with the Pipe Roll which have been demonstrated elsewhere (No. 52), and the latter series is not brought into operation by the nature of the Account under consideration. The sequence of mediaeval Accounts described above has been chosen to illustrate the combined procedure of the local Minister's Account, the quasi-departmental system of enrolment in the Foreign Account, and the audited Account on the Pipe Roll. A further sequence, however, appeared to be required to illustrate the system employed in connexion with the Revenue and Household Accounts, particularly such as came within the sphere of influence of the King's Wardrobe, constantly encroaching upon the functions of the Exchequer. For this purpose an attempt has been made to illustrate the relations of an interesting statement of Account presented in diplomatic form amongst the ' Royal Letters' (No. 54 {£)), and up to a certain point the date and circumstances of this transaction have been elucidated. Owing, however, to the loss of most of the subsidiary documents during this early period, it has been found necessary to supply their place from later Records, but this composite example may be instructive both as to the actual condition of the Records and also as indicating the antiquity of the departmental system which was revised by the Statute of 16 Edward II.
(iii)
ROYAL ACCOUNTS ( I 6 T H — 19.TH
CENTURIES)
The later system, represented by the Declared Accounts above referred to, begins with the reign of Henry VIII and shows a considerable improvement in official methods. Here the Particulars of the Account are carefully entered in ' Ledger Books,' which are merely Paper Accounts in book-form. These when presented for the purpose of Audit were engrossed in duplicate for the information of the Pipe and Audit Offices of the Exchequer in a Parchment and a Paper Roll respectively. The original Account (a), as here set out in a formal style, will be found to embody all the material evidences connected with the business in hand, including a recital, frequently verbatim, of the Accountant's commission. Moreover, instead of serving as a subsidiary Account to a concise official enrolment as in previous examples (53 # and 547'), the Original Account itself was H. F. II
7
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audited or ' declared,' and was then preserved, in duplicate, as the main record of the proceeding. Thus an enrolment was merely needed for departmental purposes, and this again was preserved in duplicate, namely, in the ' Enrolled Accounts' of the King's Remembrancer's department (55 ii (c)) as well as in the Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer's 'Memoranda Roll1.' In the last years of the 17th century still another series of enrolments came into action on the Treasurer's side, namely the Auditors' Declarations of Accounts, but these were apparently reserved for a special class of revenue returns. It should, indeed, be noted that the accepted belief that the Declared Accounts were habitually 'registered' in these Auditors' 'Declarations' as well as in another series of Auditors' 'States of Accounts' appears to be scarcely justified. The former series existed only between 1686 to 1767 and the latter between 1776 to 1856, and both were strictly limited in their application. The above system of ' Declared Accounts' prevailed from the reign of Henry VIII to that of George IV. Shortly before the great reforms of the years 1833—34, a further change was introduced which is illustrated here by a final specimen of HanaperAccounts(5 5 (iii)). From the year 1827 the duplicate Rolls of 'Declared Accounts' gave place to a series of ' Declared' or ' Passed' Accounts in book form. Here again subsidiary or rough Accounts are found, together with a departmental enrolment in the King's Remembrancer's Office which had survived the great Exchequer sessions. Here too we meet with a new class of enrolment previously referred to in the shape of the Auditors' ' States of Accounts' which presents us with the modern and characteristic view of an enrolment reduced to a common form to avoid repetition, whilst the subsidiary papers are now separately filed and are referred to by a mere cross reference. The publication of a form of a Hanaper Account for the period subsequent to the year 1827 is simplified by the fact that of the several sources mentioned above the ' Declared Account' and the King's Remembrancer's enrolment would be found to be exact duplicates of the Original Account, on paper, with its accompanying vouchers or subsidiary documents, whilst the Sub-Account would preserve the form of a chronological Journal or Day Book which had obtained for at least six centuries. As, however, all the above sources are closed to public inspection for this late period with the 1 Although States and Views of Accounts are found in these enrolments during the earlier period, it is doubtful if we are justified in regarding the practice as continuous down to the reform of the Exchequer in the 19th century.
Royal Accounts
99
exception of the Exchequer enrolment, the last-mentioned document only has been given here as representing the exact form of the corresponding Accounts in the Audit Office and Treasury Series, with the exception of the Auditors' ' State of Account,' which would now be reduced to a brief entry, and the Hanaper comptrolment which has been represented in a former sequence (No. 55 (ii)^).
52. Documents connected with the passing of an Account at the Exchequer in the twelfth century. (a) Bailiff's Account presented at the Exchequer of the Bishop of Winchester (1208). WlDEHAE. Johannes de Weltona et Nicolaus prepositus reddunt compotum de iiij /. iiij s. x d. de toto gabulo assiso per annum. Summa, iiij /. iiij s. x d. In quietancia j prepositi, per annum ij s. iiij d. [other acquittances of gafol follow], Summa, xx J. x d. Summa remanens, lxiiijj. Idem reddunt compotum de iiij s. j d. de pannagio [and other exitus manerii including sales of stock from the demesne]. Summa, xxxvj s. vj d. Idem reddunt compotum de vj /. iiij s. v d. ob. de xliiij quarteriis dimidio frumenti venditis [other sales of crops follow]. Summa, x /. xviij s. Summa utriusque, xij /. xiiij s. vj d. De Purchasiis. Idem reddunt compotum de vj J. de Reginaldo de Cumba pro pannagio concelato [other fines or perquisites of tlie lord's court follow]. Summa, xiij s. vj d. Idem reddunt compotum de iiij /. x s. de tallagio. Summa tocius recepte, xxj /. ij s. Liberatio. In liberatione Johanni decano, de gabulo, lxiiij s. per iiij tallias [other cash payments into the Bishop's Exchequer follow]. Summa, xvj /. xv s. viij d. Expensa. In ferramentis ij carrucarum per annum, j carruce, per j terminum, iiij s. x.d. [further expenditure on materials, wages, purchase of stock and carriage follows]. Summa, lxix s. vij d. Summa tocius liberationis et expense, xx/. vs. \\)d. Item, vs. viij d. computati sunt eis quos solverunt in anno preterito. Et debent xj s. j d. Postea solvit et quietavit decanum per j talliam. Exitus Grangie. Idem reddunt compotum de lij quarteriis de toto exitu frumenti. Et de ij quarteriis de cheriset. Et de vij quarteriis dimidio proventis de Esmeresworda. Summa, lxj quarteria dimidium. XX
In semine iiij.iiij acrarum, xvij quarteria.
In venditis xliiij quarteria 7—2
ioo
Select Formulas of
dimidium. Summa, lxj quarteria dimidium [entries for other kinds of grain follow], Instaurum. Item reddunt compotum de xxxj bobus remanentibus anno preterite Et de ij proventis de Clera. Et de iij emptis. Summa, xxxvj. In1 missis ad Cleram, xij. In mortuo, j ; de corio superius respondent . In misso apud Esmereswordam, j . Summa, xiiij. Et remanent xxij [a similar entry of sheep follows]. Idem reddunt compotum de ccclx.xj velleribus grossis. In decimis xxxvij. In consuetudine bercarii, j . In missis ad Cleram, cccxxxiij2. 3 Idem reddunt compotum de lx.xviij gallinis de cheriset. In missis apud Wlveseiam et liberatis Johanni decano, lx, per ij tallias. Et remanent xviij galline. Idem reddunt compotum de ML ovis. In missis apud Wlveseiam et liberatis Johanni decano, totum, per j talliam. {Ecclesiastical Commission, Various, Bdle 22, No. 159270 (ed. London School of Economics, pp. 8—10).] (b) Receipts from the Bishopric of Lincoln, sede vacante (1185). Episcopatus Lincolniensis. De Ricardo archidiacono Coventrensi et Magistro Roberto de Hardres C et xxxviij/. et xjs. et viij d. de firma maneriorum. De eisdem C et xviij /. et xvij s. de archidiaconatibus. De eisdem xj /. et xix s. et ix d. de prebendis vacantibus. De eisdem xiij /. et vj s. et viij d. de ecclesiis vacantibus. De eisdem vij s. et ij d. de denariis Beati Petri apud Bugedene. De eisdem xliij /. et vs. de placitis et perquisitionibus. De eisdem xv /. et xviij s. de tribus feriis Stowe. De eisdem xij s. et iiij d. de reragio firme episcopatus Lincolnensis. {Receipt Roll of the Exchequer, Mich. 1185 {L.T.R. Misc. Rolls, Bdle i, No. 2, m. 5).] (c) Account of the Keepers of the Bishopric of Lincoln, sede vacante, summarized in the Pipe Roll (1185). EPISCOPATUS LINCOLNIENSIS.
Ricardus Brito Archidiaconus de Covintre et magister Gregorius, Adam clericus suus pro eo, reddunt compotum de xxviij /. et ij J. et viij d. de veteri firma Episcopatus Lincolniensis. In thesauro xij s. et viij d. Et Waltero Episcopo Lincolniensi xxvij /. et x s. de redditu Archidiaconatus Norhantone per breve Ranulfi de Glanvilla. Et quieti sunt. 1
i.e. amongst the casual profits in the Exitus Manerii omitted above. In most of the Accounts of these episcopal manors the schedule of the Pigs and Bacon, together with the produce of the Dairy follows here. 3 In most of these Accounts other domestic fowls are entered. The fowls referred to here are oblations to the Church at Martinmas. 2
Roy at Accounts
101
Idem Ricardus Archidiaconus et Magister Robertus de Hardre reddunt compotum de cccc /. et xxvij s. et x d. de firma maneriorum Episcopatus Lincolniensis. Et de c et liiij /. et xv s. et iiij d. redditibus Archidiaconatuum de anno integro. Et de xiiij /. et ix d. de ij prebendis vacantibus quarum una est de tribus partibus anni et altera de medietate anni. Et de xiij /. et vj s. et viij d. de ecclesiis vacantibus quarum una est de tribus partibus anni et altera de apud Norhantonam. Et de vij s. et ij d. de denariis Beati Petri apud Bugendone, de toto anno, et de liiij /. et viij s. et vj d. et ob. de placitis et perquisitionibus et operationibus unde non habuerunt opus. Et de lxiij s. de ovibus venditis que unire non poterant. Et de vij /. et vj s, et viij d. de blado de Wilegebi vendito. Et de xxvj s. et iiij d. de arreragiis Episcopatus que receperunt. Et de xxxiiij s. et viiij d. de remanenti seminis et feni vendito. Et de xv /. et xviij s. de feriis de Stowe. Summa, DC et lxvij/. et xvs. In thesauro, D/. et lxixj. et ij d. in xj talliis. Et in elemosynis constitutis lxxiiij prebendariorum per maneria, xxj /. et xj s. et viij d. Et in sepultura v prebendariorum, ij s. et vj d. Et in aliis elemosynis constitutis per maneria, xij /. et xv s. et x d. Et capellano veteris Templi, lx s. et x d. Et in liberationibus constitutis per maneria servientibus, x /. et iiij s. et iij ob. Et pro semine et feno et terra excolenda ante Pascham, viij /. et vs. et vi}d. et ob. Et pro bobus et affris, ix/, et ixs. etob. Et in operationibus per maneria, scilicet in haia parci et grangiis et calceis et aliis minutis operationibus, iiij /. et xv s. et ij d. Et in operationibus pontis de Niwerch vij /. et xiiij s. et iij ob. per breve Regis. Et in operationibus torclerarium; et sicera facienda et vino faciendo apud Buggendone, iiij /. et xx d. Et in terris quas Episcopus tenet de militibus provintie de Stowa, xxx s. et iiij d. Et in precariis autumpni, et pro blado et feno congregandis, xij /. et xvij s. et ij d. et ob. Et in reparatione carrucarum, et in ferramentis et faldis et in minutis rebus que pertinent ad carrucas, lix s. et j d. Et in cariagio denariorum ad Westmonasterium, iij s. Et pro Sudwelle wapentac, x /., unde vicecomes reddit compotum. Et pro redditu Veteris Templi, xiiij s. de ij annis. Et vicario prebende que fuit J[ohannis] de Constantiis, ij m. de toto anno. Et vicario prebende que fuit G. capellani, xiij s. et iiij d. Et Archiepiscopo xlij /. de denariis Beati Petri. Et in vasto xix s. et iiij d. et ob. Summa exitus, c et lv /. et iij s. et vij d. Et debent ix /. et ij s. et iij d. [Pipe Roll, 31 Henry II, m. 8, in dorso.]
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53. Documents connected with the Account of the Bailiff of the Queen's ' liberty' of Feckenham (42-3 Edward III)1. (a) Commission to the Queens bailiff [of Chippenham, etc.] (42 Edward III). Philippe, par la grace de Dieu, Reine cTEngleterre,Dame d'Irlande e d'Acquitaine,as touz ceux que cestes nos lettresverront ou orront, Salutz. Sachez nous avoir ordeignez e establiz nostre bien amez Robert Porter de Devyses de lever e coiller touz noz rentes d'assartz, wasts e purprestures es noz forestes de Chippenham, Melkesham e Peusham el counte de Wiltesire. Donantz plein poair a dit Robert de resceivre les rentes susdites, e sur chescune rescette de faire tailles, endentures, ou acquitances as parties, come reison voudra; paiant les deniers provenantz de sa dite rescette a ceux q'ore sont assignees de reparailler nostre chastel de Devyses ou que pour le temps seront, par taille ou endenture ent affaire entre eux; issint toutes foitz que le dit Robert respoigne par bone acompte d'an en an de ceo q'il resceivra de noz dites rentes celles parties. Pourquoi nous mandons a touz as queux il appartient, empriant a touz autres q'a dit Robert, come a nostre resceivour e coillour de noz rentes susditz, soient entendantz e respoignantz, eidantz e conseillantz en manere come appent pour nostre profit celles parties. En tesmoignance de quelle chose nous avons fait faire cestes nos Lettres Patentes. Donne a Wyndesores le xxvj jour de Septembre, l'an du regne nostre trescher seignour le Roi quarante secound. [The Queen's Seal is attached^ [Ministers' Accounts {Gen. Ser.), 1294/2 (11).] (b) The bailiff's Original Account (42-3 Edward III). Particule compoti Johannis de Leycestre, custodis omnium feodorum et libertatum regalium domine Philippe Regine Anglie in comitatu Wygornie et in foresta de Fekenham, ad omnia debita ipsius domine Regine de feodis et libertatibus et etiam omnia debita domini Regis levanda et recipienda constituti, et ad acquietationes debitorum inde faciendas, ac eciam ad omnimodas execuciones brevium et mandatorum ejusdem domini Regis, per plenum returnum vicecomitis comitatus predicti, prout moris est, faciendas et exequendas. Ita quod dictus Johannes tarn de debitis predicti domini nostri Regis quam de debitis prefate domine Regine et de aliis exitibus de feodis et libertatibus nostris predictis nobis respondeat ad Scaccarium nostrum, prout decet; prout in commissione prefate domine Regine dicto Johanni inde facta, datum apud Eltham, xviij die Februarii, anno regni domini Regis xxxviij0, plenius continetur; videlicet a xviij° die Februarii anno xlij°, usque festum Assumptionis Beate Marie anno xliij°; quo die prefata Regina obiit, et extunc vicecomes dicti comitatus respondet Regi de 1
Certain documents which would presumably have been executed in connexion with this Account, but which are no longer preserved, have been supplied here from analogous Records (Nos. 53 a, c (i), e).
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hujusmodi exitibus [etc.] quasi per unum annum et xxv septimanas et iij dies. Arreragia. Idem respondet de xxiiij s. ij d. ob. de arreragiis compoti sui predicti. Summa, xxiiij s. ij d. ob. Redditus Assartorum de foresta de Fekenham de termino Michaelis anno xlijdo. Idem respondet de vj /. iiij s. viij d. [cxiiij s. xj d.1], prout oneratur in compotis precedentibus, receptis de redditu assartorum in dicta foresta, de termino Michaelis, anno xlijdo, per tempus compoti. Et de j d. de incremento redditus Ade Mensk pro tribus partibus unius virgate terre ad idem festum [per idem tempus videlicet per annum j d.]. Et de j d. de Willelmo Gynnur de novo redditu unius purpresture in Benhale ad idem festum [per tempus compoti videlicet per annum j d.}. Et de obulo de novo redditu Walteri Fesant pro uno fosso levato in Benhale ad idem festum [per tempus compoti videlicet per annum obolum]. Et de j d. de novo redditu Walteri Musar[d] pro una purprestura in Benhale ad idem festum [videlicet per annum j d.]. Et de obulo de novo redditu Nicholai Dusbert pro una purprestura in Fekenham, ad idem festum [vizt. per annum obulum]. Summa, vj /. vj s. Arreragia dictorum assartorum. De arreragiis assartorum Johannis de Hambury2 et Makelyn Musard2 non respondet, quia nichil percepit per tempus compoti, ut dicit per sacramentum suum. Summa nichil. Fines, amerciamenta, cum venditione bosci. De hujusmodi proficuis non respondet per tempus compoti, quia nulla accidebant per tempus compoti. Summa nichil. Catalla Felonum et Fugitivorum. De hujusmodi proficuis non respondet per tempus compoti, quia nulla accidebant per tempus compoti, ut dicit, per sacramentum suum. Summa totalis recepte: vij /. ix s. ij d. ob. Feodum Ballivi. De quibus computat in feodis ballivi per tempus hujus compoti, Lx, quasi pro uno anno, prout allocatur in compotis precedentibus [et in expensis ejusdem ballivi venientis ad Scaccarium Regine3]. Summa, L,s. [Summa expensarum, L.s. Et debet iiij/. xixj. ijd. ob. Probatur.]
Liberacio Denariorum Receptori. Et computat liberatum domino Ricardo de Ravens[ere], receptori denariorum domine Regine, per unam talliam levatam xij die Februarii anno xliii°. Summa, xl s. Summa expensarum, iiij /. x s. Et debet lix s. ij d. ob. Irrotulatur rotulo iiij" de anno xliij'". [Ministers' Accotmts, 1068/4.] 1 The entries in brackets show the passages in the Roll which have apparently been corrected by the Auditor. 2 See above (c i and c ii). 3 This expense is allowed in other accounts of local bailiffs; but the accountant did not reckon for the local audit referred to above (p. 95).
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Accounts and Vouchers, Subsidiary to the above Account. Memoranda concerning the Queen's dues (38—42 Edward III). (i) Feckenham. kenham. Johannes de Hambury tenet diversa assarta de domina Regina infra manerium de Feckenham pro quibus debet per annum—xlvj s. Idem Johannes debet de arreragio dictorum assartorum per v annos a retro—xj /. x s. Idem Johannes per extractas Henrici de Kerseye, locum tenentis Seneschalli Regine, pro quodam assarto vocato Lovelynde—xiiij /. xiij s. iiij d. Idem Johannes debet de quodam fine facto coram dicto Henrico pro bonis et catallis Johannis Ernald forisfactis—lj s. Pro quibus denariis Johannes Spelby ballivus libertatis domine Regine manerii sui de Feckenham et cepit districtiones de dicto Johanne de Hambury videlicet xxxvj vaccas et boviculos, una vice, et xvj boves alia vice, et eos inparcavit infra manerium predictum quos omnes dictus Johannes de Hambury die Sabbati proxima ante festum Sancti Dionisii anno Regis nunc xxxiij01, fracto hostio dicti parci, violenter abduxit; unde dicta Regina, per ballivum suum, petit remedium. Done mesme celui John Hambury sourvynt e les vaches e bovecles a un foiz an chacea e altre foiz, e'est asavoir le samadi prochein devant la feste Seint Dionis derrein passe, la porte du dit Park debruse e les boefs en chacea a force la dite Reigne par son dit Bailiff prie remedie2. [Ministers' Accounts, 1294/2 (12).] Memorandum quod Maculinus Musard, filius et heres Johannis Musard, debet domine Regine xvj s. viij d. de redditu xl acrarum assarti in foresta de Feckenham, que fuerunt Nicholai Whishawe apud Gersham pro anno xxix no que summa allocatur Johanni Spelly, nuper ballivo libertatum Regine ibidem, in pede ultimi compoti sui, videlicet, de anno xxiij°. Et dictus Maculinus debet Regine de redditu predicto de annis xxxiiij10, xxxv t0 , et xxxvj t0 , de tempore Johannis Rydewale, ballivi libertatum ibidem, qui non computavit 1 s., videlicet per annum xvj s. viij d. Summa totalis dicti debiti pro iiijor annis predictis—lxvj s. viij d. que quidem summa per assensum consilii Regine astallatur dicto Maculino xx die Junii anno regni nunc xlmo, ad solvendum vj s. viij d. per annum ad festum Sancti Michaelis quousque [etc.'] una cum annali redditu assarti predicti. [Ministers' Accounts, Gen. Ser., 1068/3.] (ii) Vouchers for official imprests and salaries (42 Edward III). Hec indentura testatur quod Johannes de Leycestre, ballivus libertatis et collector reddituum et assartorum domine Regine in 1 2
There are several cancellations and interlineations in the M S. The bottom of the MS. has been cut off, but cf. above the Latin version.
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comitatu Wygornie liberavit Ricardo de Lenche, supervisori operum manerii de Fekenham, decimo die mensis Julii anno xlij0, pro operibus predictis, vj /. In cujus rei testimonium, partes predicte [indenture sigilla sua]1 alternatim apposuerunt. Data die et anno [supradictis]1. Expense Johannis de Blockeleye auditoris compotorum domine Regine facte apud Fekenham, existentis ibidem per tres dies^.-diebus1 Augusti anno xlij°, pro manerio et operibus supervidendis [et pro]1 compotis ministrorum ibidem audiendis [scilicet Johannis de Leicestre] ballivi libertatis domine Regine in comitatu Wygornie, ix s. v d. [Ministers' Accounts, 1294/2 (6).] (iii) Journal or Wages-bill for works at Feckenham (43 Edward III). Contrarotulus2 operum reparationis et emendationis defectuum stagni manerii domini Regis de Feckenham ac clausure parci et haiarum, necnon cooperture logee ibidem in locis necessariis, visus et testificatus perRicardumGrevenore,rangeatorem foreste de Feckenham, ad hoc assignatum per commissionem domini Regis, cujus datum est apud Westmonasterium xv die Januarii, anno regni sui quadragesimo to tercio, videlicet inter xj diem Februarii [anno xliv ] et viij diem Maii, anno xlvto. Incipiendo (sic). Incipiens die Lune, xj die Februarii, anno regni supradicti Regis quadragesimo quarto. In stipendiis Stephani Lilie, Willelmi Gilbart, Thome Lilie, Simonis Shepherde, Willelmi Fletcher, et Thome Ros, operariorum, prosternentium spinas et existentium super emendatione defectuum clausure novi parci ibidem per vj dies, cuilibet per diem iij d. ob., xs. vjd. Et in stipendio j hominis cariantis spinas pro clausura predicta per predictos vj dies, cum carecta sua, captis per diem viij d., iiij s. Et in stipendio alterius hominis cariantis spinas cum carecta sua ad idem per v dies, captis per diem, ut supra, iii s. iiij d. Summa istius septimane xvii s. x d. Probatur. Summa totalis ipsorum iiijor rotulorum lvj /. xv s. iij d. ob. Probatur. \_Exch. K. R. Accounts (Forests), 463/15.] (d) Enrolment of the above Account at the Exchequer (43 Edward III). Wygornia. Compotus Johannis de Leycestria, custodis omnium feodorum et libertatum regalium Philippe Regine Anglie in comitatu Wygornia et in foresta de Feckenham, ad omnia debita ipsius Regine 1
The MS. is mutilated. The duplicate counter-roll is preserved in Exch. Accts. K.R. 543/37 under the head of works, cf. Foreign Accounts (Works), 49—50 Edw. III. 2
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de feodis et libertatibus predictis et omnia debita Regis levanda et recipienda constituti, et ad acquietancias debitas inde faciendas, et etiam ad omnimodas executiones brevium et mandatorum ipsius Regis et plenum retornum vicecomitis comitatus predicti facienda et ex(s)equenda. Ita quod predictus Johannes tam de debitis predicti Regis quam de debitis ipsius Regine ad Scaccarium suum responderet, dicto ballivo inde facta, data prout0 in commissione prefate Regine xviij die Februarii, anno xxxviij0 plenius continetur; a xviij° die Februarii, anno xlij° usque festum Assumptionis Beate Marie anno xliij°, quo die prefata Regina obiit, et a quo die vicecomes comitatus predicti respondebit Regi de proficuis ad istam ballivam pertinentibus. Recepta. Idem reddit compotum de vj/. vs., receptis de redditu assartorum, vastorum, et purpresturarum in dicta foresta de Feckenham de termino Sancti Michaelis anno xlij° accidente, infra tempus hujus compoti, unacum j d. de incremento redditus Ade Mensk' pro tribus partibus unius virgate terre ad idem festum, et j d. de novo redditu Willelmi Gynnour, ob. de novo redditu Walteri Fesant, j d. de novo redditu Walteri Musard, et ob. de novo redditu Nicholai Dusbert ad dictum festum, pro purpresturis eis arentatis in foresta predicta, sicut continetur in rotulo de particulis in thesauro liberate Summa totalis Recepte-—vj /. v s. Expensa. Idem computat in feodo suo, quasi pro uno anno integro tempore hujus compoti L J . , prout allocatur Johanni Spelly et aliis ballivis in compotis annorum precedentium, sicut continetur ibidem. Et computat liberatum Ricardo de Ravensere, receptori denariorum ipsius Regine, per unam talliam levatam xij die Februarii anno xliij— xls., sicut continetur ibidem. Summa expense, iiij/. its. Et debet lix s. ij d. ob. Et reddit in rotulo xliij in Wygornia1. [L.T.R. Misc. Enrolled Accts. 17.] (e) Summons of the Pipe, Worcestershire (26 Henry VI). Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie, vicecomiti Wygornie, Salutem. Vide, sicut teipsum et omnia tua diligis, quod sis coram Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium ad crastinum clausi Pasche proximo futurum; et habeas ibi tecum quicquid nobis debitum de novis et veteribus firmis, omnia debita subscripta, et hanc summonitionem de pipa, videlicet... : De Henrico Wybbe, de custodia unius messuagii, vj acrarum terre, et unius acre prati, cum pertinenciis, in villa de Feckenham que fuerunt Johannis Jay, utlagati pro felonia ad sectam domini Edwardi nuper Regis Anglie tertii, anno regni sui xlixn0, in manibus Regis occasione ejusdem utlagarie existentibus, per manus Willelmi Wylneford de comitatu Wygornie et Willelmi Norton de eodem comitatu, ij s....[Other entries follow].
Teste venerabili patre Marmaduco, episcopo Karliolensi, Thesaurario nostro, apud Westmonasterium, xxij do die Februarii, anno regni 1
i.e. in the Pipe Roll (below g).
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nostri vicesimo sexto. Et remittatur ista summonitio ad crastinum Clausi Pasche proximo futurum, pro aliis debitis in eadem inserendis. [These are entered on the back ; after which follows the attestation:—]
Teste venerabili Marmaduco [as above\ xvj° die Julii [same year\ Et remittatur ista summonitio ad crastinum Sancti Michaelis [as above]. [Exch. K. R., Summons of the Pipe, Bundle /.] (_/") Proceedings at the Exchequer in connexion with the Audit of the Account of the Sheriff of Worcestershire (43 Edward III). Adventus vicecomitum et eschaetorum ad Scaccarium in crastino Sancti Michaelis anno quadragesimo tertio Regis Edwardi Tercii. Wygornia. Vicecomes, videlicet Edmundus de Brugges, venit in propria persona Libertas Philippe, Regine Anglie, non venit. Adventus vicecomitum [etc.] in crastino clausi Pasche anno xliij Regis Edwardi Tercii. Wygornia. Vicecomes, videlicet Edmundus de Brugges, venit per Johannem Moraunt attornatum suum et nil tulit nisi brevia Libertas Philippe, Regine Anglie, est in manu Regis, sicut continetur alibi in hiis Memorandis, inter Precepta de termino Sancti Hillarii. Dies dati vicecomitibus ad computandum post profrum. Wygornia. Hilarii. Vicecomes habet diem ad computandum in xva Hillarii. Computavit. Adhuc Comunia de termino Sancti Hillarii, anno xliij° Regis Edwardi Tercii post Conquestum : adhuc Presentaciones, Attornatus, Dies et Respectus. Wygornia. De attornatu. Edmundus de Brugge, subvicecomes, ponit loco suo Ricardum de Temedebury, Thomam de Brugge, Johannem Moraunt, conjunctim et divisim, ad profrum suum faciendum in crastino Clausi Pasche, necnon omnia alia facienda que predictus subvicecomes faceret ac si personaliter interesset. In pleno Scaccario. Wygornia. De attornatu. Edmundus de Brugge, subvicecomes, ponit loco suo Ricardum de Temedebury ad compotum suum facien-
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dum in quindena Sancti Hillarii, necnon omnia alia faciendum que idem subvicecomes faceret, ac si personaliter interesset. Per Thesaurarium. Adhuc Brevia retornabilia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno xliij0 Regis Edwardi tercii. Wygornia. Vicecomes Wygornie, videlicet Edmundus de Brugge, in xv Hillarii; ad quern diem predictus vicecomes non retornavit breve, set idem vicecomes venit et computat sicut continetur alibi in hiis Memorandis inter Precepta de termino Hillarii. Ideo hoc breve cess[avit]. Adhuc Precepta de termino Sancti Hillarii anno xliij0 Regis Edwardi tercii. Wygornia. Precepta facta super compotum Edmundi de Brugge, vicecomitis, computantis hie modo, a die Sancti doHillarii in xv dies, de officio vicecomitatus predicti de toto anno xlij presenti, in propria persona sua. Quia nullus venit super hunc compotum pro Philippa, Regina Anglie, et civibus civitatis Wygornie ad respondendum Regi de debitis Regis levabilibus infra libertates ipsarum Regine et civitatis in comitatu predicto, preceptum est vicecomiti xxvj die Januarii, hoc termino, quod non omittat, propter libertates predictas, quin eas [etc.]; et levari faciat debita Regis predicta ; ita quod ea habeat hie de tempore in tempus prout ea levaverit. Et decetero non faciat retorna summonitionum ballivis libertatum predictarum pro aliquibus debitis Regis levandis infra libertates predictas donee aliud [etc.], Postea, videlicet, xj die Februarii hoc termino, Thomas de Clifton venit coram Baronibus et fecit finem pro prefatis civibus Wygornie pro libertate dicte civitatis rehabenda, sicut continetur alibi in hiis Memorandis inter Fines de hoc termino. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod dictam libertatem prefatis civibus restituat habendum ut prius [etc.]. Et libertas dicte Regine remaneat in manu Regis. Adhuc Status et Visus de termino Sancti Michaelis, anno xliij0 Regis Edwardi tercii. Wygornia. Facto visu compoti Edmundi de Brugge, vicecomitis Wigornie, de ultimo dimidio anno xlij do Regis nunc, onerat se de xlij s. vj d. de veteri incremento firme comitatus predicti. Et de lxvij s. ij d. ob. de minutis firmis. Item, onerat se de xx marcis per ipsum levatis de debitis pluribus per tempus predictum unde summa communis xviij /. xvj s. iiij d. ob. De quibus respectuantur ei usque alias Et sic summa respectus excedit summam oneris per vij s. vij d. ob. [L. T. R. Memoranda Roll, 43 Edward III.]
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(g) Audit of the same Sheriff's Account as recorded in the Pipe Roll (43 Edward III). Thomas de Bello Campo, filius et heres Guidonis de Bello Campo, nuper Comitis Warewici, vicecomes de feodo, sicut continetur in rotulo quinto. Edmundus de Brugge, subvicecomes, pro eo, de hoc anno xliij° non reddit de aliquo remanente firme comitatus post terras datas, quia habet superplusagium de xij /. xiij s. qui non debent allocari quia excrescunt per extensa maneriorum, sicut continetur in rotulo secundo Regis patris. Idem Thomas, vicecomes de feodo, de proficuo comitatus a x° die Decembris, anno quinto, sicut continetur in rotulo vt0. Idem subvicecomes reddit compotum de xiij /. de veteri cremento pro uno somerio et uno austurco, sicut continetur [etc.]. In thesauro, nichil. Et in libertate Episcopi Wygorniensis [Liveries and fixed Alms follow\ xliij° Regis Henrici. Et debet iiij /. v s. Et reddit infra. Idem subvicecomes debet xxxiij s. iiij d. ob. de minutis particulis assartarum terrarum et tenementorum arrentatis, sicut continetur [etc.]. De quibus subvicecomes reddit infra. Idem subvicecomes debet ix s. ij d. ob. per annum de vastis arrentatis in foresta de Feckenham, anno xxvj t0 in hoc comitatu, sicut continetur [etc.]. Et xvij /. ix s. x d. ob. de anno preterite Summa, xvij /. xix s. j d. De quibus vicecomes reddit infra de xv d. Et debet xvij /. xvj s. x d. Idem subvicecomes debet lxxij s. v d. ob. per annum in festo Sancti Michaelis de vastis arrentatis in eadem foresta anno ix°, sicut continetur [etc.]. Et cxlj /. xiij s. iiij d. ob. de anno preterite Summa, cxlv/. vs. xd. De quibus idem subvicecomes reddit infra de viij s. ix d. Et debet cxliiij /. xvij s. j d. Ballivus manerii de Fecham ixs. per annum de Ada Halnaked de ilia virgata terre cum pertinentiis in Fech[en]am quam Walterus de Aylesbury quondam tenuit ibidem a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xv° quamdiu Regi placuerit, reddendo ad festa0 Pasche et Sancti Michaelis equaliter sicut continetur in rotulo xvij Regis patris. Et xviij /. xiij s. xjd. de anno preterito Nova Oblata. Philippa Regina Anglie habuit villam de Fekenham cum foresta et parco et aliis pertinentiis suis in hoc comitatu a primo die Decembris anno quinto in dotem, sicut continetur in rotulo quinto Johannes de Leycestria, nuper ballivus libertatis Philippe Regine, reddit compotum de lix s. ij d. ob. de diversis debitis ipsius Regine in hoc comitatu levandis, receptis a xviij° die Februarii anno xiij0, usque festum Assumptionis Beate Marie anno xliij°, sicut continetur in compoto suo; inde reddit compotum de terris que fuerunt dicte Regine. In thesauro liberavit. Et quietus est. [Pipe Roll, 43 Edward III, Wygornia.]
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54. Documents connected with the A ccount of the King's Chamberlain of London and Sandwich for Prize Wines, etc. (37~9 Henry III)1. {a) Appointment of fohn de Gisors as Chamberlain (i March, 37 Henry III). Rex omnibus [etc.], Salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Johannem de Gisorciis, civem nostrum Londonie, ad prisas vinorum faciendas ad opus nostrum, et ad omnia alia facienda que ad officium Camerarii pertinent in civitate nostra Londonie et Sandwyco, quamdiu nobis placuerit. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Johanni, in omnibus que ad officium Camerarii pertinent, intendentes sitis et respondentes, sicut predictum est. In cujus [etc.]. Teste [Rege primo die Marcii]. Per Regem et senescallum. [Patent Roll, 37 Henry III, m. 16 {Cal. p. 180).] (b) Mandate to the King's Chamberlain for the' taking and buying' of wines (16 September, 38 Henry III). Mandatum est Johanni de Gisorcis quod vina ilia que ab eo Rex nuper capi precepit, capiat a Wasconiis2, ad melius forum quod poterit, gratis eorum, prout Regi magis expedire viderit; prestans eisdem securitatem ex parte Regis et ex parte Ricardi comitis Cornubie, necnon et sua, quod inde bene pacabuntur citra instans festum Omnium Sanctorum. Et de vinis illis cum festinacione muniat celaria Regis que inde Rex muniri precepit. Et hoc non omittat. Teste Ricardo comite Cornubie, apud Radin'ges, xvj die Septembris [38 Henry III]. Per Ricardum comitem. [Close Roll, 38 Henry III, m. 2.] (c) Official Bond given to a wine-merchant by the Chamberlain (6 March, 39 Henry III). Rex omnibus [etc.]. Sciatis nos teneri Elye Barbe, civi nostro Burdagalie, in lxxviij /. xv s. sterlingorum pro xlv doliis vini captis ab eo, ad opus nostrum, per Johannem de Somersete apud Whitsand, computato quolibet dolio ad xxxv-f. Quam quidem pecuniam ei solvere promittimus a die Pasche in unum mensem, anno xxxix, apud Westmonasterium. In cujus rei [etc.]. [Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, vj die Marcii.] Consimiles litteras habet idem Elyas Barbe de ex /. sterlingorum pro L doliis vini captis ad opus Regis per Johannem de Gysorz, computato unoquoque dolio de xlviij doliis ad XIVJ., et computatis 1
Certain documents which would presumably have been executed in connexion with this Account, but which are no longer preserved, have been supplied here from later Records connected with the Butlerage of Wines (No. 54e,f, i,j). 2 Cf. Pat. 38 Hen. I l l , m. 1.
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duobus doliis ad justam prisam, videlicet, utroque ad xxs.; Reymund Makayn de c et L/. xs. sterlingorum pro lxviij doliis vini captis ab eodem ad opus Regis per eundem Johannem, computato unoquoque dolio de lxvj doliis ad xlv s. et computatis duobus doliis ad justam prisam, videlicet, utroque ad xx s. Solvendum eisdem Elye et Reymundo a die Pasche in unum mensem, anno xxxix, apud Westmonasterium. In cujus rei [etc.]. Teste ut supra. [Patent Roll, 39 Henry lll,pt.
2, m. 13 (Cal.p. 402).]
(d) Precept to the Sheriffs of London for the carriage of wines taken by the Chamberlain for the King's use (15 September, 38 Henry III). Rex, vicecomitibus Londonie, Salutem. Precipimus vobis quod de lxviij doliis vini que Johannes de Gisorciis, camerarius noster Londonie, capiet ad opus nostrum et vobis, per preceptum nostrum, liberabit Londonie, cariari faciatis usque Westmonasterium xl dolia, usque Keniton vj dolia, usque Windesores xx dolia, et usque Sutton Hospitalariorum duo dolia, ponenda in celariis nostris locorum predictorum. Et certum [etc.] compotum [etc.]. Teste Ricardo comite Cornubie, apud Walingeford, xv die Septembris [38 Henry III], Eodem modo mandatum est vicecomiti Kancie quod de v doliis vini que idem Johannes ei liberabit apud Londoniam, cariari faciat usque Cantuariam tria dolia, et usque Roffam duo dolia, ponenda in celariis nostris locorum predictorum. Et certum [etc.] compotum [etc.]. Teste ut supra. Et mandatum est Johanni de Gisorciis quod vina ilia capiat et eisdem vicecomitibus liberet sicut predictum est1. [Liberate Roll, 38 Henry III, No. 30, m. 2.] (e) Indenture certifying the Expenses incurred by a Sheriff of London in the carriage of Wines taken by the King's Butler for his use2 (35 Edward I). Mise et expense facte per Simonem Bolet, unum vicomitum Londonie, per visum Willelmi de Trente, pincerne domini Regis, circa cariagium vinorum domini Regis a Londonia usque Norhampton et Langele, per carectas, juxta mandatum domini Regis per unum breve de Scaccario vicecomitibus Londonie directum. In primis pro viginti carectis conductis in Londoniam, pro viginti doliis vini cariandis usque Langele, ad opus domini principis, \xs., videlicet, pro qualibet carecta iij s. Et pro barmanagio, vs., videlicet, pro quolibet dolio iij s. Et pro circulis et dowellis, ij s. iij d. Et pro quinque vallettis custodientibus dicta vina per quinque vices, ij s. vj d., videlicet pro quolibet valletto vj d., unde summa ascendit ad lxix.v. ixd. 1 2
Cf. above, No. 54 {/>). See above, p. n o n.
112
Select Formulas of
Et pro lx carectis conductis in Londoniam, pro lx doliis vini cariandis usque Norhamptonam ad opus liberorum domini Regis, xxix/. \)s. Item, pro barmanagio et cariagio eorundem vinorum et pro circulis et dowellis ad eadem dolia emptis, cum cuperagio; et pro custagio Davidis clerici, pro carectis capiendis extra villam; et etiam pro custagio diversorum garcionum cum dictis vinis euntium per diversas vices ad eadem vina custodienda; prout patet per particulas penes prefatum Willelmum de Trente residentes, lxiiijj. vjd.; unde summa ascendit in universo ad xxxv /. xvj s. iij d. In cujus rei testimonium, partes predicte huic Indenture sigilla sua alternatim apposuerunt. Data Londonie, die Lune proxima post festum Purification is Beate Marie, anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo quinto. [Exch. Accounts, Bdle 77, No. 15 (5).] (f)
Indenture of Receipt by the King's bailiff of Henley (c.o. Surrey) of Wines for the King's use (18 Edward I)1.
Memorandum quod die Jovis xxviij die Marcii, anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, decimo octavo, apud Henle juxta Guideford, Walterus le Ladde, ballivus ejusdem manerii de Henle, recepit de Jacobo Beauflor, locum tenente Stephani de Abyndon, duo dolia vini novi rubei, plena, absque ullo defectu, ad opus ipsius domini Regis salvo custodienda. In cujus rei testimonium, predictus Walterus le Ladde huic Indenture, penes eundem Jacobum remanenti, sigillum suum apposuit. [Endorsed] de ii doleis vini. [Exck. Accounts, Bdle yy, No. 30.] (g)
Petition of the King's Chamberlain for payment of Wines taken from foreign merchants (c. December, 38 Henry III).
Viro venerabili et discreto, domino suo et amico carissimo, domino Willelmo de Kilkenny, Cancellario domini Regis, suus Johannes de Gisorciis, civis Londonie, salutem et paratam ad obsequia voluntatem. Noverit discretio vestra me cepisse, per preceptum domini Regis, ad festum Sancti Edwardi proximo preteriti, tot dolia vini subscripta, scilicet, de quodam Gasconico, nomine Pelerino, decem dolia, quodlibet dolium pro triginta et duobus solidis. Item, de Petro de Bourg, quinque dolia, quodlibet dolium pro triginta solidis. Item, de Petro de Berg, decem dolia, quodlibet pro duabus marcis et dimidia. Item, de Bernardo de Puteo, sedecim dolia, quodlibet pro triginta solidis. Item, de familia Bertrami de Palacio, tredecim dolia, quodlibet pro duabus marcis et dimidia. Item, de Petro de Cermez, septem dolia, quodlibet pro duabus marcis et dimidia. Item, de Ernaldo de Gaylac, sex dolia, quodlibet pro triginta solidis. Summa doliorum, per totum, octo et sexaginta dolia; summa custi, centum et octo 1
See above, p. n o n.
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libre et tres solidi quatuor denarii; et septem denarii ad Deum. Hinc est quod vestram precor discretionem quatenus Liberate de vinis istis directum domino Philippo Lovell, Thesaurario domini Regis, mihi per latorem presentium transmittere velitis, ut ilia summa pecunie eisdem mercatoribus pacetur; quia dominus Thesaurarius aliquid inde facere non proponit, nisi Liberate inde possideat. Et si quid erga me velitis, si placet jubeatis, quod diligenter perducerem ad effectum. Valete in Domino. [Chanc. Anc. Corr. VI. 169 {Letters Illustrative of the reign of Hen. Ill {Rolls Ser.) II. 100).] {h) The Writ of Liberate in favour of the above merchants (6 December, 38 Henry III). Rex [Thesaurario et Camerariis suis de Scaccario], Salutem. Liberate de Thesauro nostro Pelerino Gascon[ico] xvj /., pro x doliis vini ab eo captis, ad opus nostrum, per manus Johannis de Gisorciis, Camerarii nostri Londonie, anno [etc.] xxxviij. Liberate etiam Petro de Burgo vij /. x s., pro v doliis vini ab eo captis ad opus nostrum, per manum ipsius Johannis, anno eodem. Liberate etiam Petro de Berg xxv marcas, pro decem doliis ab eo captis ad opus nostrum, per manum predicti Johannis, anno eodem. Liberate etiam Bernardo de Puteo xxiiij libras pro xvj doliis vini ab eo captis ad opus nostrum. Et Bertramo de Palacio xxv marcas pro xiiij doliis vini ab eo captis ad opus nostrum. Et Petro de Germer xvij marcas et dimidiam pro vij doliis vini ab eo captis ad opus nostrum. Et Ernaldo de Gailac ix /. pro vj doliis vini ab eo captis ad opus nostrum, per manus ipsius Johannis, anno predicto. Teste Ricardo comiti Cornubie, apud Osprenge, vj die Decembris [39 Henry III], [Liberate Roll, 39 Henry III, No. 31, M. 13.] {i) Acquittance by a foreign wine-merchantfor payment received through a Sheriff of London (35 Edward I)1. Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, Bartholomeus de Vendynes salutem in Domino sempiterno. Noverit universitas vestra me recepisse et habuisse, die confectionis presentium, de Simone Bolet uno vicecomitum Londonie, viginti quatuor libras, tresdecim solidos, et quatuor denarios sterlingorum pro vinis ab eodem emptis ad opus domini Regis. De quibus vero viginti quatuor libris, tresdecim solidis, et quatuor denariis fateor me fore pacatum, et ipsum Simonem, per presentes, inde voco quietum. In cujus rei testimonium presentibus litteris sigillum meum apposui. Data Londonie, die Martis proxima post crastinum Clausi Pasche, anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Henrici, tricesimo quinto. [Exch. K. R. Accounts, Bdle 77, No. 15 (3).] 1
H. F. II.
See above, p. 110 n. 8
U4
Select Formulas of (_/) A bstract of the Account of the King's Butler (8 Edward
II)\
Compotus Waited Waldeshef, pincerne domini Edwardi illustris Regis Anglie, a primo die Decembris anno ejusdem Regis octavo, usque festum Translationis beati Thome Martiris anno eodem finiente. Recepta [De] Garderoba. Eidem, per Garderobam apud Westmonasterium, xxv die Aprilis, c marcas, per manus diversorum, pro ix doliis vini emptis per Hurle in itinere Regis, solutum per Garderobam mense Junii anno presenti, xxiiij/. ii)s. ni)d. XX
Summa recepte de Scaccario et Garderoba, Dcciiij.vj /. xiiij s. viij d. Probatur. Summa totalis recepte, Ml.ccclxvj /. xvj d. Probatur. Exitus denariorum. London. De Bartholomeo de Vendines, xiij dolia, pretium dolii xlj-., deficientibus xvj sextariis, pro xs. viij d., pretium sextarii, viij d. Summa, xxv /. ix s. iiij d. Probatur. [Exch. K. R. Accounts, Bdle TJ, No. 18.] (k) Enrolment of the A ccount of fohn de Gisors, chamberlain of London, etc. at the Exchequer (39 Henry III). Compotus Johannis de Gysors de Cameraria Londonie et Sandwici, a primo die Marcii anno xxxvij, sicut continetur in Originali ejusdem8, usque ad xxj diem Aprilis anno xl, scilicet per tres annos et septem septimanas. [He is charged with certain Prize wines taken but is allowed for wines bought.'] Et pro mille et ix doliis vini diversimode emptis per totum predictum tempus, MMxlv/. xvji\ et viij d. Et in eisdem vinis carcandis, discarcandis, circulandis, hospitandis, tarn apud Sandwicum quam apud Londoniam, et aliis minutis expensis, cxvjj. i]d. Summa XX
misarum, MMcccxij/. xijj. xd. Et habet de superplus MMciiij.xv/. vij s. x d., quod totum debetur diversis mercatoribus per diversa brevia de Liberate. [Pipe Roll, 39 Henry III {Post Kanciam)^ 1 2
See above, p. n o n. i.e. in the Estreat of his commission (No. 54 (a)).
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55. Documents connected with the Accounts of the Hanaper of the Chancery (13 5 8—1844). (i) The mediaeval practice of accounting. (a) Commission to Richard de Ravenser as Keeper or Clerk of the Hanaper (31 Edward III). Rex, omnibus ad quos [etc.], Salutem. Sciatis quod commisimus dilecto clerico nostro Ricardo de Ravensere officium Hanaperii Cancellarie nostre, habendum et exercendum quamdiu nobis placuerit. Ita quod de exitibus inde provenientibus nobis respondeat ad Scaccarium nostrum, percipiendo et faciendo in officio illo prout alii clerici qui officium illud prius habuerunt in eodem percipere et facere consueverunt. In cujus [etc.]. Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, primo die Septembris [31 Edward III]. [Originalia Roll, 31 Edw. Ill, rot. 8.] (b) Particulars of the Account of the Hanaper (42-3 Edward III). Compotus domini Ricardi de Ravenser, Custodis Hanaperii, a primo die Octobris, anno regni Regis Edwardi, tercii post conquestum, xlij0, usque ad primum diem Octobris, anno ejusdem domini Regis xliij0. Die dominica, primo die Octobris, non consigillavit quia Nichil. Die lune, secundo die Octobris, de brevi consigillato apud Retherhythe iij J. vj d. Eodem die de quadam Patente \]s. [Other entries of fees received follow^] Summa totalis Recepte, MMclviij/. xvij s. viij d. Liberata per brevia de Privato Sigillo, quia nichil. De carta Johannis de Beverle de concessione sibi et heredibus. [Other names follow^]
Inde, Ernaldo Southerman, vj die Novembris, pro cccc, quarterio, iij libris cere polane ab eo emptis, pretii centene, lxvj s. Unde in toto —xiiij /. ij s. [Other entries follow^ Summa, xlj /. xvij s. ij d. Item, Johanni de Kendale, uni parchminariorum Lincolnie, secundo XX die Octobris, pro iiij duodenis pergameni tarn pro cursu quam pro rotulo, pretium duodene ij s. vj d.; unde in toto x /. [Other entries follow^] Summa, xl /. xv s. x d. In roba domini Ricardi de Ravenser, custodis Hanaperii, pro tempore yemali, xxvj s. viij d. [Other entries follow^] Summa, vj /. viij d. Item, in vadiis domini Ricardi de Ravenser, custodis Hanaperii, per annum, captis per diem vj d.—ix /. ij s. vj d. [Other entries follow.] Summa, xxix /. xiij s. j d. ob.
116
Select Formulas of
In ferrura et marescalcia summarii portantis rotulos Cancellarie, frenis, capistris, cingulis, supercingulis, et emendatione celle et aliis materiis factis circa predictos rotulos per annum, ut patet per quamdam cedulam huic rotulo consutam1, xxxiij s. xd. Item, in ferrura et marscalcia (sic) summarii portantis Hanaperia, ceram et pergamenum; frenis, capistris, cingulis, supercingulis, emendatione selle, et aliis materiis factis predicto equo, per annum xvs. Summa, xlviij s. x d. Item, in focali empto apud Londoniam et alibi ad calefaciendam ceram et in viridi grecia, per annum, xj s. Item, in viridi grecia, turmentyn et rosyn, pro brevibus de Communi Banco, per annum, xvs. Item, in una bursa ad imponendum sigillum Cancellarii domini Regis, vjj. Item, liberatum domino Cancellario pro feodo suo consueto; pro expensis clericorum Cancellarie ad mensam domini Regis et pro robis eorundem, per annum, D /. Summa totalis expensarum, Dcxxij /. vij s. vij d. ob. Et debet MDxxxvj/. xs. ob. \Exch. K. R. Accounts, Bdle 212, No. 12 (1).] (c) Vouchers subsidiary to the above Account. Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi d'Engleterre, Seigneur d'Irlande e d'Aquitaigne, [a] nostre ame clerc Richard de Ravensere, wardein del Hanaper de nostre Chancellerie, Saluz. Nous vous mandons que noz Lettres Patentes, esteantes en vostre garde en dit Hanaper, par queles nous avons grantez a nostre ame Esquier Johan de Beverle q'il, pour lui e pour ses heirs, eit a touz jours franche garenne en toutes ses demesnes terres appertenantes a son manoir de Penkrych; si bien deinz nostre foreste illoeques come dehors, lui facez liverer quites du fee de nostre Grant Seal que a nous ent appartient. Et volons que par cestes vous en eiez due allouance en vostre aconte. Donez souz nostre Prive Seal, a Westminster, le xxx jour d'Octobre l'an de nostre regne quarante second. \Exch. Q. R., Bdle 212, No. 12 (2).] Imprimis in quatuor lagenis incausti, xiij s. iiij d. Item, in ferrura equi et pro remotione ejusdem, per annum, ij s. x d. Item, in allocatione duorum hakneiorum ad Eltham, et expensis eorundem hakneiorum, et sigillatione commissionum, ij s. Item, in emendatione baggarum et emptione canvacii, iij s. viij d. Item, in carriatione rotulorum ad Turrim Londonie et retro, per sex vices, vj s. Item, in uno freno, et j pole, et flokkes pro sella, vs. Item, in filo et acubus, xij d. Summa, xxxiij s. x d. \Exch. K. R. Accounts, Bdle 212, No. 12 (1) in cedula.] 1
See below (c).
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(d) Enrolment of the above Account at the Exchequer. Compotus Ricardi de Ravensere, custodis Hanaperii Magni Sigilli Regis in Cancellaria sua, per breve Regis de Magno Sigillo patens datum primo die Septembris anno xxxj, penes ipsum Ricardum remanens, et Johannis de Wythornwyke, attornati predicti Ricardi, per breve Regis de Magno Sigillo datum xij° die Novembris, anno xliij° Thesaurario et Baronibus hujus Scaccarii, directum, quod est inter Communia de termino Sancti Michaelis anno xliiijto, de exitibus ejusdem Sigilli et Sigilli Regis in utroque Banco a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xlij dofiniente, ante quod festum idem Ricardus inde computavit, rotulo xlij rotuli compotorum, usque festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens, videlicet de anno xliij0. De quo quidem festo idem Ricardus est alias inde computaturus. Recepta. Idem reddit compotum de Dccxxij /. ij s. vj d. de proficuis provenientibus de brevibus, tarn Clausis quam Patentibus, in dicta Cancellaria consignatis per predictum tempus hujus compoti, sicut continetur in rotulo de particulis in Thesauro liberato. Et de xxx /. vj s. viij d. de iiijor Cartis de magno feodo in dicta Cancellaria consignatis, per idem tempus, videlicet, de qualibet Carta, vij /. xj J. viij d., XX
sicut continetur ibidem. Et de cccx /. vj s. viij d. de ccciiij Cartis de parvo feodo in eadem Cancellaria similiter consignatis, per idem tempus, videlicet, de qualibet Carta, xvj s. iiij d., sicut continetur ibidem. De feodo ejusdem Sigilli pro xviij Cartis de magno feodo, unde summa se extendit ad cxxxvj/. xs. et lxvij Cartis de parvo feodo, unde summa se extendit ad liiij /. xiiij s. iiij d. in eadem Cancellaria consignatis per idem tempus, non reddit, per lxvij brevia de Privato Sigillo per que Rex mandavit eidem custodi quod Cartas supradictas liberaret de feodo dicti Sigilli ad ipsum Regem pertinente quietas, sicut continetur ibidem. Et de x /. x s. de feodo dicti Sigilli pro restitutione temporalium archiepiscopatus Cantuariensis, iiijor episcopatuum, iiij abbatiarum et prioratus de Mertone facta per tempus predictum, videlicet, de predicto archiepiscopatu x\s., de quolibet predictorum episcopatuum et abbatiarum xx s., et de predicto prioratu x s., sicut continetur ibidem. Et Dccxlix /. xiiij s. iiij d. de finibus diversorum hominum in eadem Cancellaria per idem tempus factis, quorum hominum nomina annotantur in predicto rotulo de particulis. Et de cccxxxv /. xvij s. vj d. de exitibus Sigilli Regis de brevibus judicialibus tarn in Banco Regis quam in Banco Communi, per idem tempus, sicut continetur ibidem. Summa recepte, MMclviij/. xviji1. viij
iiij.ij /. xiij s., sicut continetur ibidem. Et eidem custodi dicti Hanaperii pro vadiis suis [etc.], xxix /. xiij s. j d. ob. videlicet, dicto custodi vj d. [etc.] per diem, sicut continetur ibidem et sicut hujusmodi vadia allocantur
Select Formulas of
n8
eidem custodi et aliis premissis in compoto ejusdem custodis de exitibus dicti Sigilli, rotulo xl°, rotuli compotorum1. Et eidem custodi, tam pro robis suis yemalibus [etc.] per idem tempus, vj /. viij d., dicto custodi pro robis suis, xlvj s. viij d. [etc.] per annum, sicut continetur ibidem et sicut hujusmodi robe allocantur eidem custodi et aliis premissis in compoto ejusdem custodis, rotulo xl°, rotulo compotorum. Et in filo, incausto, et aliis minutis necessariis emptis unacum ferrura dicti equi [etc.] infra dictum tempus hujus compoti, xxxiij s. x d., sicut continetur ibidem. Et in frenis [etc.]; ac etiam in focali pro cera calefacienda, viridi grecia, rosino et termentino, similiter emptis pro diversis brevibus judicialibus consignatis in Communi Banco, necnon una bursa empta pro Sigillo dicte Cancellarie imponendo, per predictum tempus hujus compoti, xlvij s., sicut continetur ibidem. Summa expensorum, Dcxxij /. vij s. vij d. ob. Et debet MDxxxvj /. x s. ob. In thesauro cccxliij /. xij s. xj d. in xv talliis. [Otherpayments into the Treasury follow^] to Et Johanni de Tameworth cui Rex xx° die Februarii anno xxiiij concessit viginti libras percipiendas singulis annis ad totam vitam suam per manus custodis dicti Hanaperii qui pro tempore fuerit ad terminos Pasche et Sancti Michaelis per equales porciones xx /.; de terminis Pasche et Sancti Michaelis hoc anno xliij°, per breve Regis irrotulatum in Memorandis de anno xliiijto Regis hujus termini Michaelis et litteras patentes dicti Johannis de recepta. [Other official allowances follow.]
Et quietus est. [L. T. R. Foreign Accts, 43 Edw. Ill, rot. E.] (ii)
The official practice of Accounting from 1485 to 18282.
(a) Declared Account of the Hanaper (1669—1670). Annaperium CanCompotus Henrici Seymour Armigeri Custodis sive Clerici Ancellarie. naperii predicti cui Precellentissimus Dominus Carolus primus per Intratur in officio Litteras suasto Patentes sub magno sigillo suo Anglie confectas gerentes Rememodatum xxiij die Septembris anno regni sui decimo nono dedit et ratoris concessit officium Custodis sive Clerici Annaperii curie Cancellarie Regis per Hall. predicte Habendum et tenendum dictum officium pro termino vite sue una cum omnibus vadiis, feodis, robis et regardis quibuscumque dicto Intratur ex parte officio spectantibus in tam amplis modo et forma prout Thomas RememoCromwell, quondam vel nuper Comes Essexie, aut Ricardus Sadler ratoris The[other predecessors in office mentioned] aut eorum aliquis aut aliquis saurarii alius Custos sive Clericus Annaperii predicti pro tempore existens aut videlicet predicti officii Custodes sive Clerici Annaperii predicti habuit Status et Visus et percepit, prout per dictas Litteras Patentes in compoto de compotoanno duodecimo Caroli Secundi nunc Regis verbatim recitatas rum de plenius liquet et apparet. Videlicet computavit de exitibus et reventermino Sancti cionibus Annaperii predicti a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno Michaelis anno xxiij 1 This is a reference to the Pipe Roll on which such Accounts were enrolled prior to the Regis 42nd year of Edward III. Caroli 2 Secundi. There are no Enrolled or Declared Accounts of the Hanaper between 1485 and 1550.
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regni Regis predict)' xxj°, scilicet per spacium unius anni integri, continentis ccclxv dies, tune finiti. Qui quidem compotus declaratus fuit coram Christophero Turnor milite uno Baronum Curie Scaccarii domini Regis xxj mo die Junii, anno regni Regis Caroli Secundi xxij do annoque Domini 1670. Arreragia. Idem oneratur super compotum de ccxlij/. v')s. \\)d. pro denariis respectuatis diversis personis in pede ultimi compoti hujus computantis, existentibus pro uno anno integro finito ad festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno xx° Regis Caroli Secundi, prout in pede ejusdem compoti plenius apparet. m
c
Sed de iiij.vij.xxvj /. xiiij s. vj d. de arreragiis pendentibus in pede ultimi compoti predicti super prenobilem Jacobum comitem Newburgh firmarium omnium brevium, commissionum [etc.], hie non oneratur eo quod dicta summa [etc.] exoneratur per dictum nunc Regem Carolum Secundum, virtute brevis sub Sigillo suo Privato gerentis datummo apud Westmonasterium xxiij° die Decembris anno regni suo xxj mencionati in duobus scriptis (vocatis Quietus est) signatis per Robertum Croke militem, clericum Pipe, datis xxiiij0 die Martii 1669 et irrotulatis coram Auditoribus Annaperii. Summa, xlij /. vj s. iij d. Receptum denariorum. Dictus computans oneratur super compotum de xxxj /. per ipsum receptis de exitibus et proficuis cccxm Chartarum sive Litterarum Patentium vocatorum Parve Patentes sub predicto sigillo Curie Cancellarie infra tempus hujus compoti consignatarum et deliberatarum, juxta ratam \}s. pro qualibet earundem, sicut continetur tarn in quodam rotulo dicti computantis continente septem folia scripta im quam in Libro Contra-rotulamenti Annaperii predicti continente xviij folia, manu Mathei Pindar Armigeri contra-rotulatoris Annaperii predicti signato, super hunc Compotum ostenso, examinato, me
et remanens paret. [Other fees of the Seal follow.] Summa, Vij.iij /. ij J. x d. Summa totalis oneris cum Arreragiis predictis, vm.iiijc.xlv/. De quibus: xiiij s. j d. Superplusagium ultimi compoti. Idem computat in denariis dicto computanti allocatis pro tantis denariis in quibus remansit in Superplusagio super determinacionem ultimi compoti de anno proximo precedenti, prout in pede ejusdem compoti patet cxlj /. iiij s. ix d. Summa, cxlj /. iiij s. ix d. Feoda, vadia dicte Robe, et Liberature cum aliis Allocacionibus. Et in denariis per predictum computantem infra tempus hujus compoti solutis prenobili viro Orlando Bridgman militi et baronetto, domino Custodi Magni Sigilli Anglie, pro dieta sua, clericorum et ministrorum Cancellarie predicte, ad xxiij s. per diem, per spatium ccclxv dierum c
finitorum xxviij™ die Septembris 1669, iiij.xix/. XVJ. AC pro robis suis tarn hiemalibus quam estivalibus per tempus hujus compoti, xl /. Pro annuitate sua, ad ccc /. per annum, debita infra tempus hujus compoti, ccc /.; ac etiam pro orattendentia sua extraordinaria, ad L /. per terminum, debita pro iiij terminis infra tempus hujus compoti
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Select Formulas of
cc /.; attingentes in toto et sic allocati virtute Litterarum Patentium domini nunc Caroli secundi gerentium datum xiiijto die Septembris, anno regni sui xix°, prout per dictas Litteras Patentes et acquitancias c
dicti domini Custodis paret, usque ad summam ix.lix/. xvs. [Other entries follow.'] XX
Summa, MMCiiij.ix/. xvijj. ixd. ob. Solutiones per Warranta. Et in denariis per predictum computantem infra tempus hujus compoti solutis Willelmo Smith extraordinario nuncio attendenti super Magnum Sigillum Anglie, pro servitio et observantia suis super dominum Custodem Magni Sigilli Anglie, per spacium ccclxvj dierum, mo inceptorum xxx mo die Junii anno regni Regis nunc Caroli secundi xx et finitos xxx die Junii, anno regni ejusdem domini Regis xxxj mo , juxta ratam iij s. pro quolibet die, videlicet in allocatione hujusmodi per tria separalia Warranta prehonorabilis viri Orlandi Bridgman, militis Baronetti, domini Custodis Magni Sigilli Anglie, prout per Warranta predicta et acquietancias suas remanentes apparere poterit, liiij /. xviij s. [Other entries follow.']
Summa, MMvc.lxxvj/. vs. ixd. ob. Soluciones denariorum per Talleam, nomine Regardi. Et in denariis per predictum Computantem solutis honorabili viro Harbottello Grimston, barronet, magistro Rotulorum Curie Cancellarie et Clerico Parve Bage, propter labores et solicitudinem circa scripturas et examinacionem extractarum Originalium in Cancellaria, pro anno finito ad festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno regni Regis t0Caroli Secundi xxj mo , ad x /. per annum, per talliam levatam vj die Novembris, anno regni ejusdem Regis xxj mo , prout per dictam talliam unacum certificacione clerici Pellium patet, xl. [Another entry follows.]
Summa, xxxvij /. iiij s. vij d. Summa totalis Allocacionum me
et
Solucionum
predictorum, c
iiij.ix.xliiij/. x\)s. x]d. Et remanet ultra Allocaciones [etc.] V.j/. xii\)d. De quibus respectuantur ei cc /. iiij s. xj d. provenientes et crescentes de exitibus et proficuis diversarum Chartarum, sive Litterarum Patentium, Commissionum, Brevium et aliarum scripturarum infra tempus singulorum computorum hujus officii precedentium in Curia Cancellarie predicta, cum predicto Magno Sigillo consignatarum et deliberatarum, videlicet a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, 1650, usque xj diem Julii 1660, prout per separalia compota facta infra tempus predictum plenius liquet et apparet. [Other entries follow^] Eo quod dicte separales Charte remanebant in Annaperio predicto et nemo prosecutus fuit pro illis, nee feodum debitum pro sigillacione eorundem persolvit; et nunc deliberate sunt et remanent in Officiis duorum Auditorum Annaperii predicti. Ideo hie respectuacione posite, ut supra, quousque feoda inde debita domino Regi sint soluta. Summa Respectuacionum predictarum ccxlvj /. xix s. vij d. Et tune remanet sed ecliiij /. xix s. Super Willelmum Adderley, firmarium omnium brevium et com-
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missionum vulgariter vocatorum vjd Writts premencionatatorum, pro uno anno integro finito ad festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, c
1669, de parte Miiij /. pro redditu dicte firme pro dicto anno, ultra MC/. solutas huic computanti, cc/. Ipsum computantem super determinationem hujus compoti, existentis pro uno anno integro, finito ad mofestum Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis nunc Caroli secundi xxj , liiij /. xix s. Declaratur xxj° die Junii, 1670, coram me, Chr. Tumor. [Pipe Office, Declared Accounts, No. 1693.] (b) Sub-Account (Comptrolment Book) of the Hanaper (i66g— 1670). Liber Comptrorotulamenti Hannaperii in Curia Cancellarie pro anno a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, millesimo sexcentesimo sexagesimo nono, annoque regni Regis Caroli Secundi nunc Regis Anglie etc. vicesimo primo usque ad festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni sui vicesimo secundo, annoque Domini millesimo sexcentesimo septuagesimo. Lune, xj° die Octobris, 1669. In Patentibus, j . De Carta Johanni Seymor armigero, de concessione licentie specialis pro termino quadraginta et unius annorum—iiij /. iij s. iiij d. De Carta de dispensacione pro Roberto Grove clerico — x x i . iiij d. De consimili pro Edwardo Herbert clerico—xx s. iiij d. De Carta Thome Cumber clerico, de concessione presentandi ad rectoriam de Stonegrave in comitatu etdiocesi Eboracensi—XXJ. m]d. De Carta de denizacione pro Isaacco de la Saulx—xx s. iiij d. De consimili pro Phillippo Foussier—xx s. iiij d. [Other entries follow^ Examinaturper Edw. Abney. {Audit Office Accounts, Various, 6y$,fol 1 etc.] (c) ' State' of the above Account abstracted at the Exchequer. Status Magnorum Computorum, anno xxiij Regis Caroli secundi et deinceps. Annaperium Cancellarie. Henricus Seymour armiger, custos siye clericus Annaperii venit do Regis Caroli secundi et, ass[idente] Wood, xxjmo die Junii, anno xxij computavit eisdem die et anno de exitibus et revencionibus Annaperii a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno Regis predicti xx mo , usque dictum festum Sancti Michaelis, anno xxj m0 Regis predicti, scilicet per spacium unius anni integri continentis ccclxv dies tune finitos. Et oneratur cum arreragio pro denariis respectuatis in pede ultimi compoti ccxlij /. vj s. iij d.
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Sed de iiijml.vijc.xxvj /. xiiij s. vj d. de arreragiis pendentibus super Jacobum comitem Newburgh, firmarium omnium brevium et commissionum vulgariter vocatorum vjmld Writts non oneratur eo quod dicta summa, existens pars de ix .ccl /. debita domino Regi pro redditu ejusdem firme de m /. per annum pro novem annis mo finitis ad festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno Regis predicti xxj et pro parte dimidii anni finiti ad festum Natalis Domini anno predicto, ultra M'M^Vc /. solutos ad dictum computantem, pro duobus annis et dimidii anni finiti ad festum Natalis Domini anno Regis predicti xiiijto, exoneratur per dictum dominum Regem nunc virtute brevis de Privato 0 Sigillo gerentis datum apud Westmonasterium xviij die Decembris anno regni sui xxj m0 , mencionati in duobus scriptis vocatis Quietus est et signatis per clericum Pipe. Et pro denariis receptis de summa Vml.cciij /. vijms. x d.c Summa totalis oneris cum arreragiis predictis V /. iiij .xlv /. xiij s. j d. De quibus : Allocatur pro surplusagio ultimi compoti, cxlj /. iiij s. ix d. Pro feodis, vadiis, dieta, robis, liberaturis cum aliis allocationibus XX
MMciiij.ix/. xvijj. ix d. ob. Pro solucionibus per warrantum MMVclxxvj /. vs. had. ob. Pro solucionibus denariorum per talliam, nomine Regardi, xxxvij /. iiij s. vij d. Summa totalis allocationum et solucionum predictarum iiijm /. ixc.xliiij /. xij s. xj d. Et remanent, ultra allocationes et soluciones predictas, Vcj /. xiiij d.: De quibus respectuantur ccxlvi /. xix s. vii d. Et tune remanet sed ecliv /. xix d. Super Willelmum Adderley [as above] cc /. Ipsum computantem liiij /. xix d. [Exch. K. R. States of Accounts, No. 4, rot. 4.] (iii) The official practice of Accounting from 1828—1857. A State of the account of the Reverend Thomas Thurlow, Keeper or Clerk of Her Majesty's Hanaper in Chancery, for one year ended 31st December, 1844. Exhibited by James Garden Seton, Esquire, his Deputy. The Account of the Reverend Thomas Thurlow, Keeper or Clerk of Her Majesty's Hanaper in Chancery for one year ended 31st December, 1844. Exhibited by James Garden Seton, Esquire, his Deputy. Charge. Balance Indebted on 31st December, 1843. Balance Indebted on the preceding Account for one year ended 31st December, 1843. £1,882. \^s. g\d. Received from William Sargent, Esquire, Paymaster of Civil Services on account of the expenses of the Hanaper Office for the year 1843.
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1844, January 22nd. Received from William Sargent, Esquire, Paymaster of Civil Services on Account of the expenses of the Hanaper Office for the year ended 31st December, 1843. £2,413. os. od. Received from the Green Wax or Seal Office. Received from His Grace the Duke of Grafton, Receiver of the Green Wax or Seal Office out of the Fees and Profits arising by Writs, Charters and other writings sealed with the Seals of the Courts of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, from 1st January to 31st December, 1844. £1,653. I4S- od. Received from the Accountant General of the Court of Chancery. From the Accountant General of the Court of Chancery being one year's Interest or Dividends due 5th July, 1844, arising on the sum of £45 59- 13-s1- 9d. Bank Consolidated £3 per cent, annuities standing in the name of the said Accountant General for the service of the Hanaper Office, £3. igs. lod. being deducted for property tax.
£132. 16s. od.
Fees and Profits arising by Letters Patent, Commissions and other writings passed under the Great Seal in the High Court of Chancery for one year ended 10th October, 1844. Amount of Fees and Profits arising by Letters Patent, Commissions and other writings passed under the Great Seal of Great Britain in the High Court of Chancery from the n t h October, 1843, to 10th October, 1844. £733. 3s. 2d. Amount of casual fees formerly payable to the Lord High Chancellor for one year ended 10th October, 1844. Amount of the annual fees formerly payable to the Lord High Chancellor collected by the Accountant's Deputy from several officers of the Court of Chancery upon Instruments passing the Great Seal for one year ended 10th October, 1844, viz. £22. 10s. 8d., from which is deducted £8, the usual allowance to the Deputy Clerk of the Hanaper for collecting the same. £14. 10s. 8d. Total Charge £6,829. 19^- 7\dDischarge. Paid into the Bank of England the net amount of the Salaries and Allowances formerly payable to the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain being for one year ended 5th January, 1844. Paid into the Bank of England to the Credit of the ' Secretary of Bankrupts Compensation Fund' the net amount of the Salaries, Perquisites and Allowances formerly payable to the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, being for one year ended 5th January, 1844 (£10. \gs. 6d. being retained for Civil List Tax as usual). £1,085. igs. 6d. Salaries and Allowances. Payments for Fees, Diet, Robes and Allowances to the several officers of the High Court of Chancery and others under special
124
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authorities and for Fees and Allowances which have been sanctioned by custom in preceding Accounts of this Revenue, vizt. To eleven Masters in Chancery for their Winter Robes due at Christmas, 1843, £40. 14s. od., and for their Summer Robes due at Pentecost, 1844, £33. os. od. £73. 14s. od. Deduct Civil List Tax and poundage ... ... £2. 14s. "jd. £70. igs. 5d. To the following officers in Chancery their usual and increased Allowance in lieu of Parchment, vizt. The Accountant, as Clerk of the Hanaper, 3 Rolls and as Prothonotary 2 Rolls, the Clerk of the Enrolments in Chancery, the Allowance of 3 Rolls formerly payable to the Senior Six Clerk and Comptroller, making together 8 Rolls at 30^. per Roll. [Otker allowances follow.] In all ... ... ... £84. os. od. Deduct Civil List Tax and poundage ... ... £g. 6s. od. £74. 14s. od. To Susanna Fennell for an embroidered Purse, a Velvet Bag and a Box for the Great Seal delivered for the use of the Lord Chancellor on 1st January, 1844 ... ... ... £70. os. od. Deduct Civil List Tax and poundage £4. 4s. od. £6$. \6s. od. David Drew Esquire, Clerk of Enrolments in Chancery, the ancient and accustomed allowance for engrossing the Comptrolment Book of the Hanaper in Chancery for one year ended 10th October, 1844, which allowance was formerly payable to the Comptroller and Surveyor of the Hanaper ... ... ... ... ,£13. 6s. &d. Deduct Civil List Tax and poundage ... ... 16s. od. £12. 10s. Sd. [Other allowances for goods, conveyance of writs andjourneys followr.] Retained by the Accountant for Civil List Tax and poundage due to the Clerk of the Hanaper by usage upon various payments made by him within the period of this account ... £216. 10s. 4d. In all £3,808. 14s. od. Undercharged by the Accountant in the preceding Account for one year ended 31st December, 1843. Undercharged by the Accountant in his preceding Account for one year ended 31st December, 1843, in respect of his allowance as Clerk of the Hanaper, in lieu of Parchment, to 10th October, 1843. 18s. od. Total Discharge. £4,895. us. 6d. The Accountant is indebted in the sum of one thousand, nine hundred and thirty four pounds, eight shillings and one penny farthing. £1,934. 8J. i\d.
Royal Accounts
125
The foregoing Account was audited by the Commissioners for Auditing the Public Accounts on the 22nd of December, 1846. Approved and allowed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury and directed to be prepared for Declaration by their Warrant dated the 18th January, 1847. And signed for Declaration pursuant to the said Warrant by the Commissioners for Auditing the public Accounts on the 20th of January, 1847. W. L. Herries. H. F. Luttrell. Henry Arbuthnot. s r Examined Tho . Theod . Campbell, Inspr. No. 8, Declaratur die 16 Julii, 1847. Charles Wood. W. Gibson Craig. H. Rich. [Exchequer K. R. States of Accounts, No. 278.]
II. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS C. POLITICAL OR STATUTORY INQUISITIONS (i)
Administrative or Remedial Inquisitions
56. The Inquest of Sheriffs (1170).—The interest of this measure for the present purpose lies, first, in the appearance at a very early date of certain Articles relating to ministerial misgovernment, which are reproduced in the Chapters of the Eyre and the Hundred Roll group of inquisitions, and, secondly, in the apparent survival of some fragments of the Inquisition itself. It will be observed that the first four Articles refer to separate Chapters of inquiry, a distinction which is emphasized in the last Article (13). Other Articles (6, i i , 12) relate exclusively to Crown business including the certification of homage (cf. Nos. 22 and 40) and even the state of the stock in the royal domains. The original Returns above referred to, which contain the Inquisition taken in several Norfolk baronies ' per terras baronum,' appear to relate chiefly to the Inquisition under Article 2, though incidentally information is received regarding another Article (6) concerning the Marriage Aid of 1168. It is noticeable, however, that the Articles as preserved make no reference to Scutage which is the chief subject of these fragments. This inquisition should be carefully compared with the ' fiscal' articles of the Assize of Northampton (1176). 57. The Hundred Rolls.—The origin and relationship of these familiar inquisitions have not perhaps been clearly understood by many students who have made use of the abundant constitutional and economic information supplied by the Exchequer and Chancery Records which are grouped under this title. Full particulars of the existing Inquisitions will be found in Mr Scargill-Bird's Guide.
Select Formulas of Political Inquisitions
127
From the specimens printed below it will be observed (1) That there are three distinct Inquisitions dated 1255, 1274, and 1279, respectively. (2) That each of these is connected with a special Writ and Articles of Inquisition, whilst traces of a Forma Inquisitionis and the names of the Jurors may also be found. (3) That the information contained in the Returns for individual Hundreds is frequently duplicated in the verdicts of neighbouring Hundreds or Vills or Liberties. Thus the returns relating to Brill given below (Nos. 57 (b) and (e)) should be compared with the Returns printed on pp. 25 sq. and 46 of the Rotuli Hundredorum. To take the case of a particular manor, the notices of Swanbourne given below from pp. 21, 37 and 335 of the Record may be supplemented by entries on pp. 27, 42, 45, 47 and 338. (4) It would be found that the existing Inquisitions are very incomplete, particularly that for 1279. Thus we have no Return for Brill or for the old Hundred of Ixhill in that year, and the related entry given below is from the Return for the old Hundred of Mursley. (5) It will also be noticed that each of the above Inquisitions, and especially those of 1274 and 1279, is connected with further proceedings against officials guilty of misconduct and lords who have encroached upon the domains or regalities of the Crown by alienations or claims of private franchizes. These proceedings, which are also connected with special statutes1, were apparently carried out by means of supplementary Articles based upon the results of the Inquisitions of 1255, 1274 and 12792. The connexion of the further judicial proceedings with the Hundred Rolls is indicated by the specimens given below. (6) It will be easily perceived that there is a general resemblance between the Articles of the Hundred Rolls and those contained in the Chapters of the Eyre printed below (No. 70) as well as with the special Inquisitions relating to grievances (No. 61) and Escheats (No. 36). With regard to the individual construction of the Inquisitions preserved in the Hundred Rolls it will be noticed that the Articles of 1255 may be reconstructed from the text preserved in the Annals of Burton (p. 337), which it will be instructive to compare with the actual Inquisition for Stafford printed at p. 114 of the second volume of the Hundred Rolls. The variation in the number and order of the Articles administered in the several Hundreds seems in fact to have varied greatly. The return for Brill is fairly complete, and although the Articles concerning purprestures and claims of liberties are omitted here, they are supplied from the related Hun1 2
Ragman (1276) and Gloucester (1278). For a fuller discussion of this subject, see Studies, p. 298 sq.
128
Select Formulas of
dreds. It would seem that the normal type of these Articles closed with the enquiry respecting defaulters at the inquest. In some counties, however, a number of supplementary Articles respecting forest customs and other matters appear and these also may have been relegated to a further inquisition De Ministris, which formed part of the proceedings in 1258 (No. 61). These were clearly differentiated after the next Inquisition of 1274 in the shape of Articles ' De transgressionibus (or excessibus) impositis ministris Regis ac aliis' (No. 57 v) and this enquiry is heard of again during the State Trials of 1289—93 (No. 63). The Inquisitions of 1274 recorded in the Hundred Rolls are practically a resumption of the incomplete proceedings of 1255 on a still larger scale ; but if many repetitions and resemblances are found there, the variations are also noticeable. It will be seen that the Articles printed in the Rotuli Hundredorum (1. Intro.) as a Schedule to the Writ of Inquisition omit a number of Articles respecting the conduct of ministers which were administered in some of the Eyres (e.g. Lincoln). The separate enquiry between 1274 and 1279 respecting the ' ministers' has been referred to above and the proceedings are partly preserved in the so-called ' Extract Roll, No. 4 ' and in the contemporary Assize Rolls (No. 57 v). The Hundred Rolls of 1279 are chiefly concerned with extents of rights and liberties in every Hundred, and these in turn form the subject of judicial proceedings recorded in the so-called Quo Warranto Rolls (No. 57 iv). But as early as 1255 a special enquiry on this subject had been held before the Justices Itinerant (No. 57 i (c)) and are commemorated in several existing fragments. Reference has been previously made to the enquiries relating to the Abbot of Woburn's Manor of Swanbourne in the Hundred Rolls of 1255, 1274 a n d I 2 79 a s w e ^ a s m * n e Quo Warranto Rolls in which however, as is so frequently the case, no definite result is recorded, though a full report of the proceedings which ensued at a later date will be found in the Chancery Rolls1. 58. Kirkby's Quest (1284-5).— Tne history and sources of this important and obscure Inquisition are well described in the Prefaces to the official edition {Feudal Aids I and iv); but besides the several stages of the ministerial Inquisition {a—e) the judicial proceedings consequent thereon should also be noticed. These are contained in a 1
Close Roll, 14 Edw. I l l , Pt. 1, m. 18; Pat. Roll, 14 Edw. I l l , Pt. 3, m. 45; ibid. Pt. 3, m. 31; ibid. Pt. 3, m. 17 d.
Political Inquisitions
129
fragment of a roll of the commissioners' ' Hearing Notes' (/), and in the formal judicial pleadings during their Eyre {g). These isolated documents are especially interesting as containing references to the Tallies which were a special subject of the enquiry. It would seem that these were entered in a separate Roll. The Articles of Inquisition vary considerably in the several versions that have survived as will be seen from a comparison of the List for Dorset printed in Feudal Aids, Vol. 1., with those preserved in the Peterborough Chronicle (b). 59. The Trial of the Pyx (1660).—An assay of the coinage, for the purpose of maintaining the standard, was practised at the Exchequer in the 12th century and this official inspection was accompanied by formalities which have been perpetuated in the well-known ceremony that has survived to our own times. The procedure observed here is not, however, recorded in any series of Exchequer documents before the reign of James I. In the sequence given below it will be noticed that the place of the mediaeval Writ or Letter is taken by a Treasury Warrant, the return to which is in the form of an Inquisition or ' Verdict' whilst there is also a narrative Processus. Certain subsidiary documents relating to the arrangements made for the Trial will also be found, including Indentures for the custody of the ' Trial Pieces' and Accounts of the expense of' working' the same. These 17th century 'Trials' are preserved in a somewhat irregular fashion, as a series of paper documents, which are usually duplicated and which are also entered in books, amongst the Records of the King's Remembrancer's Department. The Warrants, however, should also be entered amongst the Treasury Records where other documents might perhaps be found, and the same remark applies to the Records of the Mint and the muniments of the Goldsmiths' Company. The Accounts above referred to were probably once preserved in a separate series and they are also stated to have been enrolled on the Lord Treasurer's Memoranda Roll (/), but they are not now found there though they are represented in another quarter by the ' Declared Accounts' of the Mint. (ii) Confiscatory or Punitive Inquisitions 60. Terrae Normannorum et Britonum (13th century).—Inquisitions of the lands of these and other foreigners, who were technically the English King's enemies since the loss of Normandy in 1205, occur at various dates in the Testa de Nevill and other Feodaries of the 13th century1, usually in the form of disconnected and undated lists. 1
H. F. II.
Cf. M. Paris III. 288 and IV. 298. 9
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Select Formulas
of
In the present instance a copy of the Writ of Inquisition is fortunately prefixed to the Return. 61. The Inquisitions 0/1258.—In spite of the constant attention that has been bestowed upon the constitutional episode preserved in the Provisions of Oxford and the related documents, no attempt seems to have been made to discover the Inquisition of grievances conceded by that measure. That the enquiry was of a very comprehensive nature we know from the Articles copied by Matthew Paris, who has also preserved the original Writ for Hertfordshire {&). Another specimen (presumably for Staffordshire) is given in the Burton Annals. No trace of the original Inquisitions can now be found with the exception of a single notice of their preservation in the 14th century, in a certain chest. This interesting entry (d) occurs in Bishop Stapeldon's 'Kalendar' compiled about the year 1323. It will be remembered that two further constitutional documents are connected with this Inquisition, namely the Proclamation of October, 1258 {Formula Book I. No. 70), and the Ordinance of March, 1259 {Foedera, I. 381). 62. Inquisition De Rebellibus (1265-6).—These Records are connected with the settlement, following the Guerra or Turbatio Regni of the years 1264—66, which was accomplished by the Dictum de Kenilworth (c). The object of the present sequence is to show the relationship between the Inquisitions of 1265 (a and b) which have been recently arranged and classified amongst the ' Chancery Miscellaneous Inquisitions,' and the well-known Record of the pacification of loyalists and rebels alike by legal process which has been published in the Rotuli Selecti (d and e). A complete comparison between the ministerial and judicial Inquisitions is difficult owing to the imperfect state of both collections, but it will be seen from the extracts of the two Inquisitions printed below (d and / ) that, in some cases at least, the later Inquisitions are merely based upon those of the previous year. 63. The Trial of the Judges (1289—93).—A good account of the causes and method of this judicial enquiry will be found in the Introduction to the cases edited by Professor Tout and Miss Hilda Johnstone (Camden, 3rd ser. Vol. IX.). Although the form of the Return is that of Judicial pleadings it will be noticed that the Commissioners were properly Auditores querelarum. For their status cf. Abbreviatio Placitorum, p. 287.
Political Inquisitions
131
64. Inquisition of Templars Corrodies (1309).—This document is taken from a Record which is substantially complete in itself though it can be amplified from parallel sources. The ' process,' originated by a commission of enquiry (a), includes the Pleadings in which certain original documents are recited, and these, which constitute the Inquisition taken for the purpose of verifying the date and nature of the alleged corrody, can be recovered from the original Extents (b, c). 65. Inquisition of the Contrariants' Lands (1322).—In this case the Commission (a) and Writ of Inquisition (b) are not recited in connexion with the Extent (c) and have been recovered from the enrolments. There is a distinct Account (d) relating to the subject of the Return, which is connected with an extensive series of originals and enrolments. 66. Extent of A liens' Lands and Goods (1295).—These Inquisitions had the same object as the preceding, but are connected with the French wars from the latter part of the 13th century. The title usually applied to them, ' Accounts of Alien Priories,' is a misnomer, since they refer to individuals and to laymen as well as to the foreign houses of religion. Moreover their form is that of an Inquisition, the Return to which merely serves the purpose of an Account. For their connexion with Agrarian Surveys see No. 13. 67. Proceedings relating to the Statute of Labourers (1355).—The nature of these proceedings has been exhaustively described by Miss B. H. Putnam in the monograph cited below. Apparently the Record in most, if not in all of the cases recorded in the Assize Rolls, has been preserved as a result of the process of Certiorari. In the specimen given below the Record is made up as follows: 1. Opening of the proceedings. The Commission of the Justices recited. 2. The summons of the Jury. 3. The presentments of the Jury. 4. The arraignment of the Defendants. 5. Their admission to fine and bail. 6. In many cases further proceedings on writs of Exigend or Supersedeas will be found on the Record. The process of levying the fines and other matters connected with the administration of the statute are fully described in the work above cited. 68. Inquisitions of Depopulation (1517—18).—The Act (a) of 1490 (4 Hen. VII, c. 19) penalizing the destruction or wilful decay of dwelling houses and consequent conversion of tillage to pasture was 9
2
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the first of several measures directed against this social evil in the course of the 16th century1. Offences against these statutes were punished by the temporary forfeiture of half the profits of the soil. Effect was given to the Acts of 1490 and 1515 by a Commission issued in 1517 (b) by virtue of which an extensive Inquisition was held (d) according to certain Articles of inquiry (c). Apparently, however, the returns made to this Inquisition were in some cases unsatisfactory, and a new Commission ( / ) was issued, after due proclamation (e), in 1518, for certain counties, if not for all previously visited. The original Returns {g) made to this Inquisition have only been discovered for two counties (Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire). As soon as the Returns for each of these two Inquisitions were received in the Chancery, Subpcena or other summons was at first issued to require the appearance of the offenders. The usual process however seems to have been a writ of Scire Facias (fi) returnable by the Sheriff. On appearing, the defendants either made Answer (1) admitting the facts found in the Inquisition and entering into Recognizances to repair the decayed messuages2, or petitioned for a stay of proceedings, or joined issue on the question of facts3. In the former event, after due certification4 of accomplishment, a writ of Supersedeas (/) might be issued from the Exchequer, for stay of proceedings either temporarily or finally, or the Statutory Pardon5 might be invoked (k). In the case given below a characteristic sequel is found in further proceedings instituted a few years later The manuscript relations of this interesting group of Inquisitions can now be more clearly elucidated from the sequence of documents 1 The commissions of 1517 and 1518 were apparently followed by further proceedings in 1526. A new commission was issued in 1548 and several ineffectual provisions were instituted under Philip and Mary and Elizabeth previous to the great commission of 1607. For the texts and description of these proceedings see I. S. Leadam in Transactions Ji. Hist. S. N.S. Vols. vi.—VIII., and Domesday of Inclosures (1897); also a valuable commentary by Prof. E. F. Gay in Transactions, Vol. XIV. p. 231 sq. and a description of the Inquisitions of 1605 in Vol. x v a i . p. 195 sq. together with the essay by Miss E. M. Leonard in Transactions, Vol. XIX. p. 101 sq. Since the publication of these treatises on the 1517 Inquisitions, further Records have been discovered. 2 The Recognizance entered into by Sir Richard Knightley has not been found on the Close Roll, but Prof. Gay has pointed out that these were only enrolled in 1520 and 1526. 3 For a good instance of a case fought to a finish by recourse to the Common Law, see K. R. Memo. Roll, No. 299, M. 8, and cf. Leadam, op. cit. pp. 13, 195. 4 This Certificate is cited here (/) but has not been traced amongst the Chancery Common Law Proceedings. 6 For specimens of such Pardons, cf. Leadam, op. cit. pp. 426 and 478.
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printed below owing to the recent discovery of certain fragments of missing Records. These have a special interest, since the Returns of 1518 for two counties only (as we have seen) have been preserved. Moreover the case selected here will not be found either in the Inquisition of 1517, published by the Royal Historical Society, or in the Original Returns of 1518 preserved in the Record Office. The text of both these Inquisitions has been restored in this case from the Exchequer Memoranda Roll, whilst the heading of the 1517 Inquisition has been also restored from the Original Returns. The Commission of 1518, which is not entered on the Patent Roll, has not before been printed. The note of the further proceedings in 1526 has been discovered amongst the membranes of the 1517 and 1518 Inquisitions. For the Documents relating to the later Tudor Inquisitions, reference should be made to the works of Prof. Gay and Mr Leadam and for the Inquisition of 1607 to Dr Prothero's Documents (3rd ed.) p. 470.
(i) Administrative or Remedial Inquisitions 56.
The Inquest of Sheriffs (A.D. I I 70).
(a) Writ of Inquisition (Narrative). In primis exigent barones vadium et plegium ab omnibus vicecomitibus qui fuerunt vicecomites postquam dominus Rex novissime transfretavit in Normanniam, et ab omnibus qui fuerunt post terminum ilium baillivi vel ministri eorum quicunque baillivam de eis habuerunt; et ab omnibus illis qui post terminum ilium tenuerunt hundredos baronum quos ipsi habent in comitatu, sive eos tenuerint ad firmam, sive in custodia; quod erunt coram domino Rege die quern ipsi eis constituerint, ad faciendum rectum et adreciandum ei et hominibus suis quod adreciare debuerint. Et si vicecomites ante eos propter infirmitatem venire non possunt, mittant loco suo qui pro eis respondeant, et dent vadium et plegium sufficientem pro vicecomitibus et pro se ipsis, quod coram domino Rege facient hoc quod vicecomites facere debent ad diem constitutum. Postea capient sacramentum ab omnibus baronibus et militibus et liberis hominibus de comitatu, quod verum dicent de hoc [quod] ab eis inquiretur ex parte domini Regis ; et quod non celabunt veritatem pro amore alicujus vel odio vel pretio vel praemio vel timore vel promissione vel pro ulla re. (b) Articles of Inquisition, Hie est modus Inquisitionis ; (i) Inquiratur de vicecomitibus, imprimis, et baillivis eorum, quid vel quantum acceperint de singulis hundredis et de singulis villatis, et
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de singulis hominibus, postquam dominus Rex transfretavit, unde terra vel homines' gravati sint; et quid acceperint per judicium comitatus vel hundredi, et quid sine judicio; et quid inquisierint captum esse per judicium scribatur separatim, et quid sine judicio scribatur separatim; et de omnibus prisis inquirent causam et testimonium. (ii) Similiter inquiratur de archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, comitibus, baronibus et eorum senescallis et ministris, quid vel quantum acceperint per terras suas post terminum predictum de singulis hundredis suis et de singulis villatis suis, et de singulis hominibus suis, per judicium vel sine judicio; et omnes prisas illas scribant separatim et causas et occasiones earum. (iii) Et similiter inquirant de hominibus illis qui post terminum ilium habuerunt alias baillivas de domino Rege in custodia sive de episcopatu, sive de abbatia, sive de baronia, sive de honore aliquo vel eschaeta. (iv) Et similiter inquiratur de baillivis Regis qui per terram suam erraverunt pro negociis Regis faciendis, quid eis datum sit, et quid inde inquisierint, scribant (vi) Et inquiratur de auxiliis ad maritandam filiam Regis, quid inde exierit de singulis hundredis et singulis villatis, sive in redditis sive in perdonis, et cui illud traditum fuerit et liberatum (xiii) Et postquam inquisiti fuerint, vicecomites mei et ministri adhibeantur ad cetera negotia mea et jurent quod legaliter intendent Inquisitioni faciende per terras baronum. [MS. Bod/. Rawlinson C. 641 {Stubbs, S. C. (1895),/. 148).] (c) The Return. Baronia Roberti de Waliunes. Postquam Rex novissime transfretavit in Normanniam et fecit assisam suam, Walterus de Sapestuna fuit prepositus Roberti de Valoniis apud Fagaham, et per malam custodiam ipsius periit fenum domini, et ideo reddidit domino XIJ., per veredictum. Et postea defecerunt ei ij marce argenti de computatione sua, et reddidit eas domino per judicium. Similiter Godefridus Clericus minister ejus fuit, et ei defecerunt iij marce de computatione sua, et reddidit eas domino per judicium ; et pro purprestura terre domini sui apud ipsum dirationata, dedit domino suo xvj s. et viij d. per judicium. Robertus Pastor habuit ovile domini in custodia, et defecerunt ei xl et vj s. de censu, et reddidit eos domino per judicium. Radulfus filius Luvedai fuit minister domini, et defecerunt ei de computatione sua xxx s., et reddidit eos domino per judicium. Brianus habuit nemus domini et warennam in custodia sua, et pejoratio nemoris fuit appreciata, x x x i et reddidit eos domino per judicium. Tota soca domini de Fagaham intravit in dirationationem cujusdam pasture contra dominum suum, quam non potuerunt dirationare; et ideo dederunt domino L et ij
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solidos per judicium. Gillebertus Nep habuit apes domini in custodia et per malam custodiam ejus fuit dampnum domini appreciatum apud eum ix solidis et viij denariis, et eos reddidit domino per judicium. Hugo Pictor fuit porcarius domini, et fuit pejoratio porcorum appreciatum in custodia v solidis, et reddidit eos domino per judicium. Walterus Cobbe habuit claves grangie domini in custodia, et defecit de computatione sua, unde dampnum fuit appreciatum xviij solidis et iiij denariis, et eos reddidit domino per judicium. Lefwinus similiter habuit claves grangie domini, et deficitur ei de exitu grangie unde dampnum fuit appreciatum, xx et viij solidis ; et reddidit eos domino per judicium. Ad filiam domini Regis maritandam, homines de soca de Fagaham dederunt domino suo iij marcas. Homines Roberti de Valuines de Ruisse Wurde, xs. eidem Roberto, et j marcam ad exercitum Regis. [Red Booiz of Exchequer (Rolls) II. cclxxvii, No. 46.] 57. The Hundred Rolls (1255—1279). (i) The Inquisitions of 1255. (a) The Writ of Inquisition. Rex omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis in comitatibus Norhamptonesire, Bedefordsire, Bukinghamsire, Oxonie, Warwicsire, Leycestresire, Salopesire et Staffordsire, Salutem. Sciatis quod assignavimus dilectos et fideles nostros Philippum Luvel et Nicholaum de Hadlou ad Inquisitiones faciendas de juribus et libertatibus nostris in comitatibus predictis, et qui sectas debent ad comitatus illos et ad curias nostras in eisdem comitatibus, et qui subtraxerunt se ab hujusmodi sectis faciendis sine waranto; et ad inquirendum similiter de custodiis castrorum nostrorum, et de omnibus ad castra ilia pertinentibus, et de statu boscorum, parcorum, haiarum et forestarum nostrarum in comitatibus predictis; et de omnibus aliis que utilitati nostre et regni nostri magis viderint expedire; et ad extendendum predictos comitatus et omnia maneria et dominicam nostram in eisdem comitatibus et omnia proficua ad castra predicta pertinentia. Et ideo vobis mandamus, in fide qua nobis tenemini, quod predictis fidelibus nostris, cum ab eis requisiti fueritis, diligenter intendatis et assistatis ad expeditionem omnium predictorum, prout vobis plenius injunxerint ex parte nostra. Ita quod diligentiam vestram debeamus merito commendare. In cujus [etc.]. Teste Rege, apud Wodest[oke] xxij die Junii. [Pat. Roll, 39 Henry III, Pt. II. M. 10 dors.] (b) The Articles of Inquisition, Names of furors and their Verdicts. Bukinghamsira. Inquisitiones facte coram Justiciariis itinerantibus in comitatu Bukinghamsire anno regni regis Henrici, filii regis
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Johannis, xxxix 0 , de juribus et libertatibus et aliis ipsum Regem contingentibus Manerium de Brehull, comitatu Bukinghamsire. Veredictum xij juratorum manerii domini Regis de Brehull de capitulis eisdem liberatis, anno xxxix. De capitulo quod dicitur 'De juribus et libertatibus; qui archiepiscopi, episcopi, etc' nichil scimus. ' De sectis debitis, etc' Item quedam terra in villa de Svvaneburne, quondam pertinens dicto manerio, solebat reddere manerio de Brehull unam bollam mellis ; et ipsam terram tenet dominus Abbas de Woburne, ut intelligimus, et subtrahitur a coronacione domini Regis usque adhuc, anno xxxix 0 . Et mensura bolle quid contineat ignoramus; ideo non ponimus dampnum.
\Other presentments precede and follow.]
Item de capitulo quod dicitur ' De extensionibus dominicorum domini Regis.'—Dicimus quod extenta manerii de Brehull est in xxx /. xij s. et iij d. unde de hiis quinquaginta solidi extendebantur firmario de Brehull pro bosco del Hutwod in propria custodia inde habendum, sicut in pannagio, nucibus, husbote et heybote, et in aliis proficuis, unde nichil habemus nee habuimus ab itineracione Roberti Passelewe, qui nos ejecit de dicto bosco ; sed ante suam itineracionem habuimus omnia predicta de dicto bosco et semper de anno in annum predictos L solidos plenarie reddimus. Item de capitulo quod dicitur ' De militibus et libere tenentibus, etc'—Dicimus quod...Nigellus Travers vendidit Alano de Tyngwic vj acras terre quas Alanus de Tyngwic tenuit per xx annos et amplius, quas Rogerus de Tyngwic filius suus modo tenet. {Other entries follow^ Item, de statu forestarum hayarum, etc.—Dicimus quod foreste et haye bene custodiuntur. Item, de parcis et vivariis et de castris domini Regis.—Nichil scimus. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' De singulis hundredis in quolibet comitatu, etc'—Nichil scimus, nee quid vicecomites percipiunt per annum de hundredo. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur' De hiis qui habent retornum brevium domini Regis.'—Nichil scimus. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur 'De Judeis et eorum catallis'; etde capitulo quod dicitur 'De nameo vetito, et de visu franci plegii.'— Nichil. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' De ecclesiis qui sunt et esse debent, etc'—Dicimus quod ecclesia de Brehull est de donacione domini Regis et earn tenet Radulfus de Nortwico, et valet per annum xl marcas. De capitulo quod dicitur ' De walectis et puellis et de dominabus qui sunt et esse debent, etc'—Nichil. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' De serjanciis, etc'—Dicimus quod Johannes de Gray tenet ij hydas terre in villa de Lotegershal de serjancia, ad observandum aves domini Regis, et alienatur de dicto manerio. Et predicte hyde solebant reddere ad ecclesiam de Brehull,
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per annum, dimidium quarterium frumenti; et subtrahitur illud frumentum a dicta ecclesia a coronacione domini Regis qui nunc est. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' De viris religiosis, etc'—Dicimus quod fratres de Sutyngefeld apud Lotegershal tenent iij hydas terre de dono domini Regis Henrici, avi istius Regis, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam. [Other entries follow.] Item, de capitulo quod dicitur 'Si qui forestarii, etc'—Dicimus quod Johannes films Nigelli est forestarius de feodo, et habuit cablicium usque ad ix quercus, si per unum diem et per unam noctem cecidissent. Et si plures essent ultra ix quercus, quod dominus Rex omnes quercus haberet, ut intelligimus. {Other entries follow.] Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' Si quis forestarius habeat capras, etc'—Dicimus quod idem Johannes capras habet una cum hominibus provincie et per longum tempus habuerunt. [Two chapters concerning furnaces follow•.]
Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' De custumariis cum caretta.'— Dicimus quod vidimus carettas et equos ducentes boscum et summagia, sed nescimus quot. Sed quando carette vel summagia vadunt cum mortuo bosco vel cum cablicio, quiete vadunt, que pertinent ad ballivam dicti Johannis. Et quando carette vel summagia custumariorum attachiata sunt de viridi, tune presentantur et implacitantur in swanimoto domini Regis ad opus dicti Johannis ballivi de feodo. Item, de capitulo ' Qui fuerunt venditores, etc'—Nichil scimus. Item, de capitulo quod dicitur ' Infra forestam, de dampno leporariorum vel de venacione.'—Nichil scimus. Nomina xij juratorum manerii domini Regis de Brehull. [The names follow.'] [Hundred Rolls, Chapter House Ser., Nos. 1 and 5 (ed. Record Com., Vol. I, pp. 20—22).] {c) Presentment made before the fustices Itinerant of the value of services withheld from the Crown (1255). Manerium de Brehull. Priorissa de Stodlega subtraxit se tribus annis elapsis de secta Curie de Brehulle de terra de Esse, unde Rex dampnificatus est de iij solidis, scilicet per annum xij denariis. Item, Johannes de Esse subtraxit se per idem tempus de eadem secta, unde Rex dampnificatus de iij solidis, scilicet per annum xij denariis. Item, Eustachius de Greinvil subtraxit se de eadem secta per v annos, unde Rex dampnificatus in v solidos, videlicet per annum xij denarios; et sciendum quod idem Eustachius reddit ibidem domino Regi, per annum, dimidium quarterium frumenti et j obolum. Item, Johannes de Grey subtraxit se de eadem secta per j annum et dimidium, unde Rex dampnificatus est de xviij denariis. Item, Robertus de Bellocampo subtraxit se de eadem secta per iij annos, unde Rex dampnificatus est de xviij denariis, scilicet per annum, vj denariis.
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Item, Sybilla de Burmingeham subtraxit se de eadem secta per iij annos, unde Rex dampnificatus de xviij denariis. Item, Willelmus nlius Elye subtraxit se de eadem secta per iij annos, unde Rex dampnificatus de xviij denariis. Item, Johannes de Grey tenet ij hidas terre, quas Ricardus de Caus tenuit de eodem manerio, unde dictus Ricardus subtraxit se de secta ejusdem Curie per iij annos et de visu franci plegii et assisa mensurarum, unde Rex dampnificatus est per idem tempus de dimidia marca. Et Johannes de Grey subtraxit se de eodem per iij annos, unde Rex dampnificatus est per idem tempus de dimidia marca. Item, Johannes de Traili subtraxit se de pannagio dando in dicto manerio per iij annos, unde Rex dampnificatus de vj solidis. Item, Abbas de Wuburne subtraxit j bollam mellis pro terra de Swaneburne a coronacione domini Regis usque nunc, unde dampnificatio non estimatur. Item, Willelmus filius Elye appropriavit sibi unum pratum de dominico parco domini Regis xx annis jam elapsis, unde Rex dampnificatus est per idem tempus de xx solidis. Item, idem Willelmus subtraxit se reddendo ibi unam herciam xx tj annis elapsis, unde Rex dampnificatus de ix solidis, videlicet per idem tempus. [Miscellanea of the Exchequer, 1/2$, M. 2.]
(ii) The Inquisitions of 1274. (d)
The Writ of Inquisition1.
Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis, • , Salutem. Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad inquirendum, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu [Bukinghamsire] per quos [etc.'], de quibusdam juribus libertatibus et rebus aliis nos et statum nostrum necnon et statum communitatis comitatus predicti contingentibus; et insuper de factis et gestibus vicecomitum et ballivorum quorumcumque in comitatu predicto, prout in Articulis, quos vobis inde tradidimus, plenius continetur. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca, quos ad hoc provideritis, Inquisiciones illas faciatis juxta continenciam Articulorum predictorum. Et eas distincte et aperte factas nobis, sub sigillis vestris et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. Mandavimus enim vicecomitibus nostris comitatuum predictorum quod ad certos dies et loca, quos eis scire facietis, tot et tales probos et legales homines de ballivis suis coram vobis venire faciant, per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege, apud Turrim Londonie, xj die Octobris [2 Edward I]. [Rot. Pat. 2 Edw. I, M. 6 (Cat. p. 59) (Hundred Rolls, Vol. I. p. (13)).] 1
There is no writ for Bucks, on the Patent Roll.
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(e) The Articles of Inquisition, names of the furors and their Verdicts. Inquisitiones facte per preceptum domini Regis in comitatu Bukinghamsire de juribus et libertatibus domini Regis subtractis et excessibus vicecomitum, coronatorum escaetorum et aliorum ballivorum domini Regis [et] quorumcumque aliorum ballivorum quoquomodo dominum Regem spectantibus, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercio. Hundredum de Brehull1, comitatu Bukingeham. Veredictum duodecim juratores de Brehull secundum Capitula eos tangencia, videlicet, Johannes Ferbraz [etc.]. Qui dicunt, per eorum sacramentum, coram domino Sampson Foliot [et] domino Edmundo de Caldicote, justiciariis, apud Eylesberia, in octabis Sancti Martini anno regni Regis Edwardi tercio. ' Quot et que maneria dominus Rex habet in manu sua, etc'— Manerium de Brehull et nov[ies] viginti acras terre et sex acras et dimidiam et unam rodam de minori mensura, et quindecim acras prati et dimidiam in suo dominico. [Other presentments follow] ' De feodis etiam domini Regis et tenentibus ejus, etc'—Dicunt quod Johannes, filius Willelmi, tenet in capite de domino Regi dimidiam acram edificatam pro xv d. ob. et duos dies de consuetudine. Preterea—[Other holdings follow] ' De terris etiam tenencium de antiquo dominico corone, etc'— Dicunt quod Henricus Rex senior feffavit Gerardum de Cauz de duabus hidis terre in villa de Lotegersale, per serjantiam ad observandum aves domini Regis, et solebant (sic) facere sectam curie domini Regis de Brehull et reddere de eodem manerio xl.r. per annum et regale et pannagium; quas hidas terre Willelmus Toluse modo tenet2 et tenuit per decem annis elapsis, et totum hoc subtractum est; set nescimus quo waranto. [Other entries follow.] ' De firma hundredorum, wappentakarum, trytinghorum, etc'— Nihil. ' De hundredis, wappentakis, et trytinghis que nunc sunt in manu domini Regis, etc.'—Nihil. ' De sectis, antiquis consuetudinibus serviciis et aliis rebus subtractis, etc'—Dicunt quod Petrus de Chaluns, miles, subtraxit sectam curie domini Regis de Brehull, et subtra[hi]tur a dicta curia viij annis elapsis ; et predecessores sui subtraxerunt v annis elapsis, unde secta valet per annum xij d.; set nessimus quo waranto. [Other entries follow] ' Qui etiam clamant habere retornium vel extractas brevium, etc'— Magister Johannes de Sancto Homerio, rector ecclesie de Brehull, habet assisam panis et cervisie de suis tenentibus, sed nescimus quo waranto.
[Another presentment follows.]
' De hiis etiam qui habent libertates per Regem Anglie concessas, etc'—Dicunt quod Johannes filius Nigelli tenet la Derhyde cum balliva foreste de Bernwode in feodo de domino Rege pro L s., unde reddit ad 1 2
There is another Inquisition for the Villata in Rotuli Hundredorum I. 46. The text is corrupt in Rot. Hundred.
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Scaccarium domini Regis, ubi capit de carecta, per annum, iij s., ubi capere non deberet nisi iiij d.; et de summa cavalli cepit, xij d., ubi capere non deberet nisi duos denarios. [Another entry.] ' De libertatibus concessis que inpediunt communem justiciam, etc.'—Nihil. ' De hiis etiam qui appropriaverunt sibi liberas chascias, etc'— Nihil. ' Item, qui etiam domini aut eorum senescalli seu ballivi quicumque seu etiam domini Regis ministri non sustinuerint execucionem mandatorum domini Regis fieri, etc'—Nihil. ' Item, de omnibus perpresturis quibuscunque factis subter dominum Regem vel regalem dignitatem, etc'—Dicunt quod Radulfus de Norwico, quondam rector ecclesie de Brehull, elongavit curiam suam in Acley de communi via in latitudine sexdecim pedibus et in longitudine quadraginta pedibus, xv annis elapsis ; et modo tenet magister Johannes de Sancto Homerio, et tenuit per tres annos; sed nessimus quo waranto. [A nother entry'.] ' De feodis militaribus cujuscunque feodi et terris et tenementis datis vel venditis, etc' Preterea dicunt quod Abbas de Woubourne tenet unam hydam terre in villa de Swanebourn quondam pertinentem dicto manerio, et solebat reddere eodem manerio unam bollam mellis continentem ix gallones et dimidium, et sectam curie solebat [facere] ad forsiandam curiam; et subtractum est, nessimus a quo tempore nee a quo warranto.
\Other presentments precede and follow'.]
' Item, de vicecomitibus capientibus munera ut concensiant ad concelandum felonias, etc'—Nihil. ' De vicecomitibus et ballivis aliis quibuscunque capientibus munera pro requisicionibus amovendis, etc'—Nihil. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis quibuscunque qui amerciaverint illos qui summoniti fuerunt ad inquisiciones faciendas, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De vicecomitibus qui tradiderint ballivis extorsoribus gravantibus populum, etc'—Nihil. ' Cum vicecomites non debeant facere turnum suum nisi bis in anno, etc.'—Nihil. Item,' Cum fines pro redisseisinis1 et purprestura factis per terram, etc.'—Nihil. Item, ' Qui per potestatem officii sui aliquos maliciose occasionaverint, etc'—Nihil. ' Qui ceperint mandata domini Regis aut ejus debita solvenda, etc.'—Nihil2. ' Qui receperint debita Regis vel partem debitorum, et debitores illos non acquietaverint. etc'—Dicunt quod Henricus Trone tune vicecomes Bukinghamsire, recepit sexdecim solidos per allocacionem ad Scaccarium domini Regis, quos solvere debuisset diversis operatoribus operacioni domini Regis de Brehull, et non solvit. 1
redemptionis in MS. ' Hundred Buk' is inserted here as a heading. For the extension of these later Articles, see Rot. Hundred, 1. 67—68. 2
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' Qui summonierint aliquos ut fierent milites, etc.'—Nihil. ' Si vicecomites aut ballivi aliqui cujuscunque libertatis non fecerint summoneri debito modo, etc'—Nihil. ' De hiis qui habuerunt probatores imprisonatos, etc'—Nihil. ' Item qui habuerint felones imprisonatos, et eos pro pecunia abire et a prisona evadere, etc.'—Nihil. ' Item qui dona vel lucrum aliqua receperint pro officio suo excercendo, etc'—Nihil. ' Qui vicecomites vel custodes castrorum vel maneriorum, etc'— Nihil. Item, ' De eschaetoribus et subeschaetoribus, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De eisdem qui occasione hujusmodi seisinarum, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De eisdem qui ceperint munera a quibuscunque pro officio suo excercendo vel non excercendo, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De eisdem qui minus sufficienter extenderint terras alicujus, etc.'—Nihil, Item,' De eisdem qui prece vel precio vel favore, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De eisdem qui procuraverint, concenserint, vel consulerint quod juratores inquisicionum factarum, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De eisdem qui reservaverint ad opus suum proprium custodia vel maritagia, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' Cujusmodi terras seysierunt, etc'—Nihil. Item, ' De terris captis in manu domini Regis, etc'—Nihil. Preterea dicunt quod Willelmus prepositus de Grendon emit de Willelmo de Colden [and four others], tenentibus domini Regis, duodecim acras terre et duodecim solidos de redditu assiso; et Willelmus predictus prepositus dedit Rogero de Acindone et alienata sunt in villa de Elesberia1. [Hundred Rolls, Chapter Ho. Ser. No. 4 (ed, Rec. Com. I. pp. 35—37).] (iii) The Inquisitions of 1279. (f) The Writ and Form of Inquisition2. 3 Rex, dilectis et fidelibus suis, , Salutem. Quia per diversas occupaciones super nos et super alios, tarn divites quam pauperes in regno nostro tarn in dominicis feodis, feodalibus et libertatibus, quam rebus aliis, diversimodo factas, nos et alii homines nonnulli jacturam sustinuimus et sustinemus: ut nobis de hoc quod nostrum est et nostrum esse debet, et aliis quod suum est et suum esse debet constare valeat in futuro, assignavimus vos, una cum hiis quos vobis associetis, ad videndum omnes civitates, burgos et villas mercatorias in [comitatu Bukinghamsire]3, tarn infra libertates quam extra, quorumcunque virorum fuerit sive fuerint, divitum sive pauperum ; et ad inquirendum tarn de dominicis nostris, feodis, feodalibus, escaetis, libertatibus ac rebus cunctis feoda et tenementa contingentibus, quam aliorum quorumcunque, et qui ea tenent, scilicet in dominico ut in dominico, in 1 3 3
This postscript probably refers to Article 3. Forma Inquirendi de feodis et feodalibus, etc. The Commissioners for the several counties and their eyres are not specified in the Roll.
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villanis ut in villanis, in servis ut in servis, in cotariis ut in cotariis, et postmodum in liberis tenentibus ut in liberis tenentibus, et in boscis, in parcis, in chaciis, in warrennis, in aquis, ripariis, libertatibus, feriis, mercatis et aliis tenuris quibuscunque, et quocunque modo, et de quibus, sive de mediis sive de aliis, et de quibus feodis et aliis tenuris scutagium dari consuevit et dari debet, et quantum de feodis honorum quorumcumque, et qui feodalia ilia tenent et qualiter et quomodo. Ita quod singule ville, hameletta et alie tenure, quocumque nomine censeantur, distincte et aperte conscribantur in libris quos nobis per vos super hoc liberari volumus ; et ita quod nemini in aliquo parcatur, et quod nobis et aliis constare possit ad plenum de premissis. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca, etc. ad omnia et singula loca [comitatus predicti] personaliter accedatis et per sacramentum tarn militum, etc. de [comitatu illo] et eciam per fidelem examinacionem quorumcunque de tenura et feodis suis, premissa faciatis in forma predicta. Et ita fideliter [etc.]. Mandavimus enim [etc.]. Teste Rege [apud Wodestoke, xij die Marcii 7 Edward I]. (g) Form of the Inquisitors' Oath. Vos enquerrors jurrez qe bien e leaument servirez le Roy en le office qe vos est enjoint, e a tel office diligentement ea leaument entenderez, e leaument le freez pur le Roy e pur touz autres a vostre poer. Et ceo ne lerrez pur povre, ne pur riche, ne pur hautesce, ne pur haine, ne pur favor, ne pur poer, ne pur estat de nuli personne, ne pur bien fet, doun, ne premesse de nulli qe fet vos seit ou vos purra estre let, ne par art ne par engin ne lerrez qe les driez le Roy leaument ne enquerrez ea leaument freez escrivre et liverer al Roy si com il vos ad enjoint. E qe benefice de Seint Eglise, ne pensiun, ne autre bien fet ne receverez saunz conge le Rey. Si Deu vos aid e li Seinz. [Rot. Pat. 7 Edw. I,M.2id
(Cal. p. 343) {Rot. Hundred. II. ix.).]
(h) Form of Inquisition and extract from the Return for Bucks. Inquisitiones capte ex parte domini Regis in comitatu Bukinghamsire, anno regni Regis Edwardi primi septimo, tam de dominicis domini Regis et feodis, feodalibus, eschaetis, libertatibus ac rebus cunctis feoda et tenementa domini Regis contingentibus, quam aliorum quorumcumque, et qui ea tenent in dominico ut in dominico, in villanis ut in villanis, in servis ut in servis, in cotariis ut in cotariis, et postmodum in liberis tenentibus ut in liberis tenentibus, et in boscis et in parcis, in chaciis et in warennis, in aquis, in ripariis et omnibus libertatibus et feriis, mercatis et aliis tenuris quibuscumque et quocunque modo et de quibus, sive de mediis, sive de aliis, et de quibus feodis et aliis tenuris scutagium dari consuevit et dari debet, et quantum de feodis honorum quorumcumque, et qui feoda ilia tenent, qualiter, et quomodo, et a quo tempore. Hundredum de Mursele Swaneburne Inferior. Idem Abbas tenet in Inferiori Swanebourne
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iiij hidas et dimidiam hidam de honore de Brehulle per medium heredum Henrici de Braybrok qui tenent de heredibus H. de Clinton et ipsi de Rege. De quibus, dictus Abbas feoffatus est de heredibus dicti Henrici de Braybrok in puram et perpetuam elemosinam. De quo etiam tenemento dictus Abbas tenet in dominico xj virgatas terre; in vilenagio vj virgatas, quarum quelibet debet ei per annum vj solidos vel opera ad valorem. Tenentes etiam illarum sunt servi de sanguine suo emendo ad voluntatem domini, et ad alia facienda que ad servilem condicionem pertinent Swaneburne. Abbas de Woubourn habet in Swanebourne visum francplegii et emendacionem panis et cervisie [Hundred Rolls, Tower Ser. No. 1, M. I—3 {Record Ed. II. pp. 334, 335 b, 338).] (iv) Proceedings on Quo Warranto against the Abbot of Woburn in respect of his manor of Swanbourne (14 Edward J). Flacita de Quo Warranto de Comitatu Bukingehamsire, anno xiiij. Memorandum, Abbas de Wouburne, tenens unam hydam terre in Swaneburne, que solebat reddere domino Regi per annum unam bolam mellis continentem novem galones et dimidium. Et ideo preceptum [est] vicecomiti quod distringat ipsum quod sit ad Scaccarium die Lune proxima post Ascencionem Domini ad respondendum, etc. Postea a die Sancti Michaelis anno quartodecimo venit predictus Abbas, per attornatum suum, et dicit quod Johannes de Braybroke ipsum acquietare debet de predicta bolla mellis versus dominum Regem, et petit breve ad faciendum venire predictum Johannem ad ipsum acquietandum. Et habet diem a die Paschein xv dies, etc. Et petit breve vicecomiti Bedfordesire, etc. Postea a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies anno quintodecimo venit predictus Abbas, per attornatum suum, et quia idem Johannes, quern vocat ad warrantum, non venit, preceptum est vicecomiti quod faciat predictum Johannem venire, et similiter Gerardum de Braybroke (ilium predicti Johannis qui tenet terras et tenementa que fuerunt predicti Johannis que obligantur ad acquietacionem predictam ; et idem Abbas diem a die Pasche in xv dies, etc. Ad quem diem venit predictus Gerardus. Et de predicto Johanne testatur vicecomes quod non habet terras nee tenementa in balliva sua per quod potest attachiari. Et testatum est per predictum Abbatem quod habet terras in comitatu Lincolnesire. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti Lincolnesire quod faciat venire predictum Johannem a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies ad acquietandum predictum Abbatem de predicta bolla mellis simul cum predicto Gerardo. Idem dies datus est predictis Abbati et Gerardo, etc. Ad quem diem predictus Abbas venit, per attornatum suum, et predicti Johannes et Gerardus non veniunt nee vicecomes misit breve. Ideo, sicut prius, preceptum est vicecomiti Bedfordsire quod faciat venire predictos Johannem et Gerardum a die Pasche in xv dies, etc. in Scaccario acquietandum predictum Abbatem, etc. Ad quem diem venit predictus Abbas, per
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attornatum suum. Et predicti Johannes et Gerardus non veniunt. Et vicecomes returnavit quod predictus Johannes distrinctus est per iiij boves et ij affros. Et quod predictus Gerardus manucaptus est per Willelmum atte Watere et Robertum Passelewe. Ideo predicti Willelmus et Robertus in misericordia. Et preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat eos per omnes terras et catalla, etc. Ita quod nee ipsi, etc. Et quod de exitibus, etc. Et quod habeat corpora, etc. in Octabis Sancti Michaelis in Scaccario ad acquietandum, etc. Idem dies datus est predicto Abbati, per attornatum suum. Ad quern diem Vicecomes Bedfordesire misit breve, et de Johanne de Braybrok mandavit quod nichil habet in comitatu suo per quod potest distringi; et testatum est in eadem curia quod habet terras et tenementa in balliva sua apud Colmwrth et alibi per quern, etc. Ideo, sicut alias, preceptum est vicecomiti Bedefordesire quod distringat, etc. per omnes terras, etc. et quod de exitibus, etc. et quod habeat corpus ejus coram Baronibus de Scaccario a die Pasche in xv dies. Et de predicto Gerardo mandavit quod finem fecit, v solidis, de terris et catallis suis. Et quod Willelmus Passelewe {and three others\ manuceperunt eum. Ideo predicti manucaptores in misericordia. Et preceptum est vicecomiti, sicut alias, quod distringat predictum Gerardum per omnes terras, etc. Et quod de exitibus, etc. Et quod habeat corpus ejus hie a die Pasche in xv dies. Et vicecomes tune sit ibi ad audiendum judicium suum, etc. Idem dies datus est predicto abbati, per attornatum suum, etc. [Assize Roll, No. 64, rot. 5 in cedula {Placita de Quo Waranto, p. 94).] Abbas de Wouburne summonitus fuit ad respondendum domino Regi quo waranto clamat habere visum franci plegii in manerio suo de Suaneburne qui ad ipsum, etc. sine licencia, etc. Abbas, per Henricum Quytheved attornatum suum, venit et dicit quod tercia pars predicte ville est de feodo suo et quod illam habuit de dono Hugonis Malet. Et dicit quod tenet predictum visum semel in anno et sine ballivo Regis, et nichil dat Regi pro visu habendo. Dicit etiam quod habet tumberellum sed alia judicialia nequaquam. Et dicit quod idem Hugo et antecessores sui et ipse et predecessores sui semper usi sunt tenere predictum visum eodem modo sicut nunc tenetur, et hoc a tempore quo non ex[s]tat memoria. Et Gilbertus de Thorentone, qui sequitur pro Rege, dicit quod visus franci plegii est quedam jurisdictio regalis, mere spectans ad coronam et dignitatem Regis, et a Corona separari non potest sine ipsius Regis vel predecessorum suorum voluntate; unde desicut predictus Abbas nichil ostendit de regibus Anglie, petit judicium si ea que dicta sunt pro predicto Abbate debent ei sufficiens esse warantum in hac parte, que maxime cum abutitur predicto officio in eo quod non tenet visum nisi semel per annum, cum consuetudo Anglie talis sit quod visus franciplegii bis teneri debeat per annum pro pace Regis observanda. Postea venit idem Abbas, per Henricum Quytheved attornatum suum, et dicit quod non habet nisi eirciter quindecim
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tenentes de quibus habet visum predictum et petit quod possit arentare predictum visum, et offert domino Regi duos solidos per annum. Ideo loquendum est cum Thesaurario. Postea a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies anno quatuordecimo venit predictus Abbas per attornatum suum. Et quia nescitur utrum dominus Rex vult arentare predictum visum vel non, datus est dies ei a die Pasche in xv dies in Scaccario. Ad quem diem venit predictus Abbas per attornatum suum. Et quia judicium nondum factum est, datus est ei dies hie a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies, etc. Ad quem diem venit predictus Abbas per attornatum suum. Et datus est ei dies hie a die Pasche in xv dies, etc. Ad quem diem predictus Abbas venit, per attornatum suum, et datus est ei dies a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies. Deinde datus est ei dies a die Pasche in xv dies. Deinde datus est dies in Octabis Sancti Michaelis. [Ibid. rot. 2d (Placita de Quo Waranto, p. 87^).] v. Proceedings De Ministris against the Earl of Cornwall's officers in Norfolk in pursuance of a presentment in the Hundred Rolls. (a) Presentment by the Hundred of Tunstead (1275)1. Hundredum de Tunstede ' Qui domini vel senescalli eorum' [etc.].—Dicunt quod Ricardus Silver[ton], ballivus domini Regis, venit in villam de Wattone pro mandato domini Regis ex[s]equendo et debitis domini Regis levandis, et venerunt Adam de Bedingfeld, senescallus comitis Cornubie [etc.], cum aliis ignotis, et vi et armis ipsum sequebantur de feodo comitis Warenne usque ad domum Johannis de Gymingham in Hanyngham, et fenestras solarii ejusdem Johannis fregerunt et intraverunt et predictum ballivum ceperunt, exspoliaverunt, verberaverunt, et male tractaverunt, et ipsum ligaverunt, et usque ad aulam de Baketone duxerunt et ibi retinuerunt per tres dies. Et postea Petrus de Bedingfeld [etc.], duxerunt predictum ballivum noctanter a villa de Baketone in comitatu Norffolcie usque Eye in comitatu Suffolcie, et ibi imprisonaverunt quousque finem fecit cum predicto senescallo per xl s., et eos ei solvit Item, vicecomes misit Ricardum de Cotesford, ballivum suum, ad aulam de Baketone pro deliberando tauro Johannis de Gymingham quem Galfridus de Helpestone, senescallus dicti comitis, et Johannes Benne capi fecerunt et retinuerunt, contra vadium et plegium. Et Johannes Benne de Baketone [etc.], cum toto homagio ejusdem comitis vi et armis eidem Ricardo de predicto tauro vetitum fecerunt, et eum impediverunt; ita quod officium suum1 exercere non potuit, sicut ex parte domini Regis sibi fuerat preceptum . [HundredRolls, Chapter House Ser. No. 12, M. 2 {ed. Rec. Com. I. 533 d).] 1
H. F. II.
For another presentment, cf. Rot. Hundred. I. 507. 10
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of
(b) Special Presentments De Ministris connected with the above Inquisition (1275—1278). De ministris Norffolcie. Hundredum de Tunsted. ' Qui per potestatem officii sui' [etc.]. Dicunt quod ..Walranus ballivus de Baketone, per preceptum senescalli comitis Cornubie, cum Adam le Waren[ner] [etc!], cum aliis ignotis, extra feodum ejusdem comitis in villa de Hanyngham super baroniam abbatis Sancti Benedicti ceperunt averia homagii Johannis de Gymingham, et dicta averia fugaverunt usque aulam de Baketone et ea retinuerunt contra vadium et plegium, quia eadem homagia noluerunt venire ad letam predicti comitis de Baketone, quam idem comes sibi male appropriavit, ubi de jure venire non debent. Item, predictus Walranus per potestatem officii sui fecit Anselmum, carucatorem predicti comitis Cornubie, et Thomam Huket de Hanyngham capere de Rogero de Ponte v vaccas in villa de Worthested super feodum predicti abbatis et adhuc sunt in seisina de iij vaccis. Item, idem Walranus [etc.] per potestatem officii sui venerunt ad domum Rogeri de Ponte de Hanyngham extra feodum comitis predicti et eundem Rogerum quesiverunt1 per domos suas, ita quod idem Rogerus non fuit ausus accedere ad domum suam quousque finem fecerat cum eodem ballivo de iiij J. occasione dicte lete. Item, idem Walranus et Johannes Benne, ballivi de Baketone, per potestatem officii sui venerunt in predictam villam de Hanyngham, extra feodum ejusdem comitis, ad domum Thome Stampana (sic), liberi hominis dicti Johannis de Gymingham et eum ceperunt et ligaverunt et duxerunt usque aulam de Baketone et ibi eum inceppaverunt et retinuerunt per tres septimanas et amplius, quousque occulte evasit, et postea extorserunt de Claricia Stampe, matre ejusdem Thome, pro evasione sua, ij s. Item, Johannes Benne, ballivus de Baketone [and others], venerunt in villam de Crostweyt in via regia, extra feodum predicti comitis, et ibi ceperunt de Adam Braunche j equum, et retinuerunt quousque finem fecerat cum eis per xix d. Item, predictus Johannes Benne et alii supradicti, in dicta villa, in via regia, eodem die, extorserunt de Benedicto de Norgate iiij s. occasione lete supradicte. Item,dicunt quod Ricardus le Warenner de Baketone venit in predictam villam de Hanyngham, extra feodum ejusdem comitis, ut predictum est, et cepit de Adam Braunch j jumentum, et illud retinuit quousque finem fecerat cum eo per xviij d. occasione lete supradicte. Item, dicunt quod fere omnes terre predicti Johannis de Gymyngham, de dominico suo, et terre homagiorum suorum, jacuerunt inculte per biennium per districtiones quas iidem ballivi eis fecerunt de veniendo ad predictam letam. Item, Robertus de Peche, ballivus, per potestatem officii sui maliciose extorsit de Cecilia filia Marioti, xs. Item, Thomas Seym, per preceptum Galfridi de Helpestun. senescalli ejusdem comitis, cepit taurum Johannis Gymyngham et predictum taurum retinuerunt, contra vadium et plegium, quousque fecerat cum eodem Galfrido finem per c s. [Hundred Extract Rolls, No. 4, rot. i d.] 1
A correction of petierunt in MS.
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(c) Proceedings against the Earl of Cornivall's officers before the Justices of Assize (5 Edward I). Norffolcia. Johannes de Gymingham queritur de Galfrido de Helpestone, quondam ballivo comitis Cornubie, Johanne Benne de Baketone [etc.], quod predicti Galfridus, Johannes et alii simul cum quibusdam ignotis, vi et armis venerunt usque Haninges in comitatu Norffolcie, et ibidem ceperunt averia ipsius Johannis et villanorum suorum de eadem ad valenciam xx librarum, et ea abduxerunt et fugari fecerunt usque Eye in comitatu Suffolcie, et ea detinuerunt donee ipse Johannes finem fecisset cum prefato Galfrido pro se et villanis suis predictis per x marcas, quas ei solvit. Et unde predictus Galfridus, Johannes Benne et alii adhuc ei detinent iiij vaccas, Lj bidentes et xj porcos, de precio viij m. [etc.], et alia enormia ei intulerunt, ad grave dampnum ipsius Johannis et contra pacem [etc.]. Unde preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret predictos Galfridum et alios apud Norwicum, die Mercurii in septimana Pasche, ad respondendum [etc.]. Ad quern diem ipsi non venerunt, et vicecomes testatus fuit quod non fuerunt inventi [etc.], set quod omnes preter predictum Galfridum districti sunt per terras et catalla [etc.]. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat eos per omnes terras et catalla [etc.], ita quod habeat corpora eorum apud Sanctum Benedictum coram Rege die Sabbatis [etc.]. Ad quem diem predictus Johannes de Gymingham optulit se versus eos, et ipsi non venerunt. Et vicecomes testatur quod districti sunt. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat eos per omnes terras [etc.], ita quod de exitibus [etc.], et quod habeat corpora eorum in crastino Ascensionis ubicunque [etc.]. Et de predicto Galfrido testatur vicecomes quod manet in comitatu Suffolcie et ibi habet terras [etc.], per que [etc.]. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti Suffolcie quod venire faciat eum [etc.], ad prefatum terminum [etc.]. Idem Johannes de Gymingham queritur de Petro de Bedingfeld, Wille'lmo Turgys, et Roberto Bule quod ipsi, simul cum aliis ignotis, vi et armis venerunt ad domum ipsius Johannis in Haningges, et hostia et fenestras domus predicte fregerunt, et domum illam intraverunt et bona et catalla ipsius Johannis ad valenciam dimidie marce ceperunt et asportaverunt, ad grave dampnum ipsius Johannis [etc.]. Unde preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret eos coram Rege apud Norwycum, die Mercurii in septimana Pasche, ad respondendum prefato Johanni [etc.]. Ad quem diem predictus Johannes optulit se versus eos de predieto placito. Et ipsi non venerunt. Et vicecomes testatus fuit quod predicti Petrus et alii non fuerunt inventi nee aliquid habent in balliva sua per quod possunt distringi, set quod manentes sunt in comitatu Suffolcie et ibi habent terras et tenementa per que [etc.],
Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti Suffolcie quod venire faciat eos coram Rege ad prefatum terminum ubicunque [etc.] ad respondendum prefato Johanni [etc.]. [Assize Roll, 1233, M. 5.]
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58. Kirkbys Quest (1284-5). (a) Provisions made in the Exchequer (1284). Rex, Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario ac Camerariis suis, Salutem. Ut indempnitati nostre et populi regni nostri, in aliquibus que nos et populum predictum in Scaccario nostro contingunt, prospiciatur; volumus et providimus quod non scribantur decetero corpora comitatuum in rotulis Item, volumus et providimus quod proclametur in singulis comitatibus, quod omnes illi qui habent tallias de Scaccario de debitis suis vel antecessorum suorum ibidem hactenus solutis, nondum allocatas, que adhuc veniunt in summonicionem Scaccarii, liberent hujusmodi tallias vicecomitibus suis allocandas ad Scaccarium super compotos suos; et predicti vicecomites faciant illis a quibus tallias sic receperint scripturas suas, testificantes recepcionem talliarum illarum, summam et occasionem debitorum; intersint eciam recepcioni talliarum predictarum duo milites fideles ad hoc deputandi, inter quos et prefatos vicecomites riant cirographa de hujusmodi recepcione, sigillis eorum alternatim munita. Prefati vero milites ad hoc deputandi, mittant ad Scaccarium, ad terminum statuendum, partes suas cirographorum predictorum in forma predicta, ut, per visum et testimonium eorundem, dicte tallie, per vicecomites sic recepte, exhibeantur super compotos suos et allocentur. Proclametur insuper, quod nisi illi qui habent hujusmodi tallias, liberent eas vicecomitibus et militibus ut predictum est, extunc distringentur pro toto debito, et quod tallie predicte pro non solutis reputabuntur. Item, ut debita que adhuc veniunt in summonicionem Scaccarii, unde debitores proferunt tallias contra diversos vicecomites, depurentur et acquietentur, providemus quod aliqui ad hoc assignandi ex parte nostra mittantur in singulis comitatibus qui habeant plenam potestatem inquirendi de eisdem debitis, et eciam vocandi coram eis tarn solventes quam vicecomites, heredes, assignatos, aut tenentes terrarum eorum, si ipsi mortui fuerint qui hujusmodi debita receperint; et insuper procedendi ad inquisicionem capiendam si necesse fuerit, sive partes contra quas tallie predicte fuerint ostense venerint, sive non; testificata tamen primo pervicecomitem summonicione eis racionabiliter inde facta; et inquisita et discussa in presencia partium, si interesse voluerint, super hiis veritate, faciant dicti inquisitores rotulos de omnibus debitis coram eis convictis vel confessis, et irrotulatis debitis predictis, statim frangantur tallie eorundem. Vicecomites vero habeant penes se, sub sigillis inquisitorum, transcripta rotulorum predictorum; et supersedeant districtioni faciende pro debitis in eisdem contentis, donee aliud inde a nobis habuerint in mandatis. Prefati quidem inquisitores mittant ad Scaccarium sub sigillis suis rotulos suos predictos, ut ibi per scrutinium inde faciendum examinetur que debita sunt in toto vel in parte soluta, et que non; et facta examinacione predicta, onerentur vicecomites et acquietentur debitores, secundum quod per eandem fuerit faciendum In cujus rei [etc.], Teste me ipso, apud Rothelanum, die dominica in media Quadragesime, anno regni nostri duodecimo, [Statutes of the Realm, I. 69.]
Political Inquisitions {b) Proceedings connected with the Northampton
149 Eyre.
Anno Domini M°CC° octogesimo quarto. Inquisiciones facte per dominum Regem super diversis articulis. Item, hoc anno assignavit dominus Rex in quolibet comitatu tres justiciaries ad inquirendum per sacramentum tarn militum quam aliorum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatibus singulis, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit et inquiri, quid et quantum diversi vicecomites, quibus dominus Henricus Rex, pater domini Regis nunc, et ipse postea tempore suo commiserunt comitatus predictos custodiendos, et clerici seu ballivi eorundem vicecomitum. predictorum comitatuum, suis temporibus receperunt de debitis suis, que veniunt in summonicionem Scaccarii domini Regis, et a quibus, et quantum a quolibet, et quibus occasionibus. Et ad inquirendam plenius veritatem in premissis, unde precepit cuilibet vicecomiti per breve suum, quod publice proclamari faciat, quod omnes et singuli, seu eorum heredes, qui aliqua debita domini Regis Henrici, seu Regis nunc, que tune venerunt in summonicionem, solverunt prefatis vicecomitibus aut eorum ballivis aut etiam ballivis libertatum temporibus retroactis ut dictum est supra, coram prefatis justiciariis convenirent certis diebus et locis, quos predicti justiciarii vicecomitibus scire facerent, cum talliis seu aliis aquietanciis suis querelas coram eisdem ostensuri. Et quod omnes illi qui vicecomites seu ballivi temporibus predictis extiterunt, vel heredes seu tenentes terras eorundem, si qui eorum mortui fuerint, tune interessent querelis predictorum responsuri, si sibi viderint expedire, et quod premunirent eos, quod sive venissent sive non, ad hujusmodi inquisiciones procederetur. Et quod venire facerent coram predictis de singulis hundredis tot et tales, tarn milites quam alios probos et legales homines, qui nulla affinitate attingant, per quos rei veritas melius sciri posset et inquiri. Et quod haberent ibidem tallias de Scaccario de debitis suis vel antecessorum suorum solutis ibidem nondum allocatas, ad faciendum quod eis dominus Rex injunxit. Alioquin; tallie predicte pro non solutis reputarentur et pro debitis in eis contentis, ac si ea non solvissent, distringerentur. Item, proclamatum fuit quod omnes religiosi et alii quicumque, qui per cartas predecessorum domini Regis nunc, vel alio modo clamant habere diversas libertates, essent coram supradictis justiciariis cum cartis et munimentis suis, ostensuri cujusmodi libertates clamant, et quibus temporibus, et quomodo, et qualiter eis hactenus usi fuerunt. Et preceptum fuit vicecomitibus quod venire facerent coram eis vicecomites et ballivos libertatum et eorum bedellos, sive infra libertatem sive extra, qui receperunt summonicionem sive extractas Scaccarii predicti seu justiciariorum et aliorum ministrorum quorumcumque, ex quacumque causa, cum predictis summonicionibus et extractis, tarn veteribus quam novis, ad faciendum inde quod predicti justiciarii duxissent providendum. Item, dominus Rex assignavit eosdem justiciarios ad inquirendum que et quot feoda tenentur de eo in capite in quolibet comitatu, et qui feoda ilia tenuerunt, et in quibus villis et locis.
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Ad dictas inquisiciones faciendas in comitatu Norhamtonie fuerunt constituti per Regem domini Johannes de KerkebyThesaurarius domini Regis, Ricardus de Stanford, et Galfridus Sandiacre, et venerunt apud Burgum, die Lune proxima post exaltacionem Sancte Crucis, ad inquirendum de libertatibus, feodis et tenementis abbatis de Burgo Sancti Petri, secundum Articulos subscriptos, sub hac forma:— Anno Domini M°.c°c° octogesimo quarto. Hii sunt Articuli super quibus inquisiciones predicte facte fuerunt per predictos justiciaries. De corpore comitatuum. De proficuis comitatuum. De firma hundredorum. De turno vicecomitum. De visu franci [plegii]. De minutis firmis. De serjantiis. De assartis et purpresturis. De peccunia quam vicecomites et ballivi receperunt. De prisonis contra statuta. De villis et nominibus earum infra hundreda predicta. De talliis contra diversos vicecomites. De talliis de Scaccario, quas diversi habent penes se nondum allocatis. De libertatibus, quas diversi clamant habere per cartas, et qualiter eis usi sunt, et quibus usi non sunt, et de aliis libertatibus Regi debitis, et de quibus. De feodis que tenentur de Rege in capite, et qui ea tenent, et in quibus locis. De veteribus extractis. De summonicionibus Scaccarii tarn infra libertates quam extra. De exitibus terrarum forestarum coram justiciariis. Item, qui fuerunt geldati tempore Regis Henrici, et qualiter status eorum mutatur. \Chronicon Petroburgense (Camden Soc. 0. S. 47),/. 96 seqi\ (c) Writ /Supersedeas (1285). Cum nuper Rex miserit dilectos et fideles suos Johannem de Kirkeby, Johannem de Cobbeham et Nicholaum de Castello ad comitatum predictum ad inquirendum, tarn de juribus et aliis articulis Scaccarium contingentibus, quam de debitis Regis solutis diversis vicecomitibus et ballivis, que adhuc veniunt in summonicionem Scaccarii predicti; ac iidem fideles Regis de omnibus debitis sic solutis, coram eis convictis et confessis, rotulos vicecomiti Suhantone liberaverunt ex parte Regis, ei injungentes quod pro predictis debitis nullam faceret districtionem donee aliud a Rege inde reciperet in mandatis; Rex mandat eidem vicecomiti quod districtioni faciende pro eisdem debitis, supersedeat in forma predicta. Et interim rotulos suos per rotulos predictos ei liberatos, ita signet et punctet ut ex inspectione eorumdem sciri possit super compotum suum proximo ad idem Scaccarium reddendum in quibus originalibus dicta debita inveniri debeant et acquietari. Proviso quod omnes tallias de eodem Scaccario de debitis nostris ibidem solutis anno regni Regis Edwardi duodecimo, penes ipsum vicecomitem, per visum duorum militum de comitatu predicto ad hoc per eos quos dicte tallie contingunt electorum, recipiat; inter quos et prefatum vicecomitem fiat scriptura, tallias predictas, nomina, summam debitorum et occasiones eorumdem in eisdem
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contenta testificans, et ipsas tallias habeat super compotum predictum debito modo allocandas. Teste R. de Northwode [etc.], xxiij die Junii, anno predicto. {Memoranda RollExch. L. T.R. 13 Edw. I. Roll 60a, M. i\d, Feudal A ids, I. Intro, p. xv.~\ (d) The Articles of Inquisition {Hasilor, co, Dorset). Capitula. De extractis et summonicionibus Scaccarii, per quas debita Regis in comitatu, tam infra libertates quam extra, et qui eas receperunt a vicecomite et ballivis, et a quo tempore, et quando primo inde seysinam habuerunt, et per quem, et si fideliter de debitis Regis responderint vel non. Item, quot ville in hundredo, et que sunt regales et que non; et si status earum mutatur, per quos mutatur, et a quo tempore, et qui eas modo tenet. Item, de feodis militum que tenentur in capite de Rege; qui ea tenent, et in quibus villis, et qui sunt tenentes sui, et ubi sunt; ut sciatur ubi distringendum sit pro servicio Regis si a retro fuerit. Item, quis annualis redditus debetur de singulis villis vicecomiti, tam ad turnum vicecomitis quam ad visum franci plegii [vel] quocunque alio modo qui pertinere debet ad firmam vicecomitis. Item [quantum], quilibet hundredarii dant pro firma sui hundredi nunc et quantum solebant [dare]. Item, de quibus rebus et redditibus seu perquisitis firma wapentagii consistat seu levatur seu levari solebat. Item, de religiosis et aliis qui dicunt se habere libertates per cartas Regum quibus usi sunt et a quo tempore libertates sibi [etc.]. Item, de pecunia quam vicecomites receperint de prisonibus [etc.]. Item, si ballivi infra libertates vel extra veteribus extractis utantur [etc.]. Item, de illis qui clamant habere libertates [etc.]. Item, quod omnes qui tallias habent de debito domini Regis [etc.]. Item, quod omnes qui querelam facere velint de vicecomitibus [etc.]. Quod illi qui tallias habent de Scaccario [etc.]. Item, si quis bis vel ter vel pluries debita domini Regis solvent [etc.]. Item, si aliquid fuerit domino Regi substractum de jure suo [etc.]. Item, si quid in wappentagiis predictis ad Regem pertinere debeant unde seisitus non est. [Feudal Aids, I. xii.] (e) The Inquisition for Haselor. Veredictum Hundredi de Haselore et Ryssemore. Juratores de Hundredo predicto, Johannes de Clavyle de Morden [and ten other jurors]. De extractis summonicionum Scaccarii [etc.]. Ad hoc respondent juratores et dicunt, quod comes Gloucestrie est dominus hundredi de Haselore et habet ballivum suum juratum vicecomiti, qui recipit extracta et summoniciones a vicecomite pro debitis domini Regis
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levandis et aliis que tangunt dominum Regem, et inde fideliter respondet vicecomiti, et idem comes et predecessores sui inde habuerunt seysinam a tempore quo duas partes predicti hundredi de Henrico de Novo Burgo perquisiverunt, et idem Henricus et predecessores sui inde habuerunt seysinam a tempore quo hominis non extat memoria. [A nswers are returned to four more of the above A rticles of Inquisition?] [Ibid. II. 23.] (f)
Proceedings of the Commissioners. (Hearing Notes.)
Ab Homine. Precepta liberata Willelmo de Moneketon, vicecomiti Cornubie, ad exequendum judicio et justicia [etc.']. Preceptum est Willelmo de Moneketon vicecomiti quod satisfaciat Rogero Love de ipso querenti de precio unius equi quern ab eo injuste cepit, unde convictus est per inquisitionem. Et quia prefatus Rogerus queritur de Ada Scriptore de placito conventionis scripture cujusdam portiforii, preceptum est vicecomiti [etc.]; faciat inde justiciam [etc.]. Et dictus vicecomes in misericordia quia non liberavit dictum equum nee inde satisfecit eidem Rogero ad preceptum. [Endorsed.] Ab homine. Bodminn. Idem apud Ab homine. Tallie de Scaccario liberate coram Thesaurario apud Lancaueton et Ab homine per cyrographum. De Henrico filio Henrici, de fine... ... ... XXXJ. iiij d. De Henrico filio Henrici, de debito patris sui ... XIJ. De Johanne Julien, de fine ... ... ... vs. De Johanne Julien, de fine ... ... ... vs. De Johanne Julien, de fine ... ..._ ... vs. [Exch. L. T. R. Misc. Rolls 1/9.] (g)
Proceedings before the Commissioners. (The Cornish Eyre?)
Placita querelarum coram Johanne de Kirby et sociis suis. In Cornubia anno regni Regis Edwardi tertiodecimo xiij°. Apud Lancaueton. Trigchire. Ricardus Love queritur de Ada Scriptore quod non tenuit ei conventionem scripture cujusdam portiforii scribendi, ad dampnum suum dimidie marce. Et predictus Adam super hoc convincitur. Ideo consideratum quod dictus Adam teneatur predicte conventioni et restituat ei dampnum predictum. Et sit in misericordia quia non tenuit eidem conventionem predictam. Tallie de Scaccario de hundredo de Triggshire De Henrico filio Henrici, de fine ... ... XXXJ. iiijrf. De Henrico filio Henrici, de debito patris sui ... x\s. Transcribitur in rotulo. [Assise Roll, 116.]
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59. Instruments connected with the Trial of the Pyx. (a)
Treasury Warrant to the Goldsmiths' Company for summoning a fury for the Trial of the Pyx. By the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. August the XIth 1660. Whereas the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury have been informed that the indented standard peices of gold & silver heretofore made for the tryall of the coyne and plate of this Kingdome are most necessary to bee changed in regard of" the inscriptions & prints which are fixed & engraven thereon; and whereas their Lordshipps are likewise informed that those standard peices of gold & silver which were made in the raigne of King James are wrought out, soe that there is an absolute necessity of makeing of others for the tryall of the Coyne & plate of this Kingdome which shall bee from henceforth made; their Lordshipps doe therefore will & require you to retorne to them the names of such a number of persons as have bine heretofore usuall in the like case, of the most able & best experiences in workes of that nature, to appeare before them on Saturday next the 18th of this instant August, at two of the clock in the afternoone, for the effecting of the said worke in such manner as hath bine heretofore accustomed; and hereof you are not to faile. Exr per Warwick. To the Wardens of the Mistery of Goldsmiths of the city of London. (b) The Return made to the above Warrant. The Wardens have retorned a Jury and caused them to bee summoned [etc.]. Sir T. Vyner Kn* and Alderman. (c) Proceedings at the Trial of the Pyx. Upon wch xviiith day of August 1660 the aforesaid persons, except Ald'an Backwell & Sam. Bartlet who were out of towne, according to the appointm1 & summons aforesaid appeared before the Lds Comrs at Whitehall & there they were sworne for the making of the severall standard peices of gold & silver as in the order hereunder written is mencioned, the tenor whereof followeth in theis words, vizt. ' By the Lords Commissioners of His Majestie's Treasury. Whereas by Indenture beareing date the xx th of July 1660, between the King's most excellent Majestie of the one part & Sir Ralph Freeman Knight of the other part, it is ordeyned that there shall bee three sorts of moneys made by the said Sir Ralph Freeman, agreable to the severall standards in the said Indenture expressed, viz', gold of the standard of xxiii carrectts. These are therefore to will and require you forthwith to prepaire & make ready three severall indented tryall peices of the severall
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standards aforesaid according to your best skill & knowledge, of such quantities as you shall thinke fitt, soe that each of the said tryall peices may be divided into six parts & each part to bee marked & stamped as in & by the said indenture is expressed & then presented to us to bee disposed of into the severall custodyes & keepings of the partyes concerned, as by the said indenture is allsoe directed, and for thsoe doeing this shall bee your Warrant. Dated at Whitehall, the 18 of August, 1660. Edward Hyde & C. William Morice'1. After the said persons had taken their oath before the said Lords Commissioners sitting in the Councell Chamber at Whitehall the said xviiith day of August &, as a Jury, had received their chardge to perfect the said worke with as much expedicion as they could, the said Jury were licenced to depart untill they should retorne to give up their verdict together with the said severall indented standard peices of gold & silver according to the tenor of their oathes taken in that behalfe, who there upon departed accordingly. The 7th day of 7bre 1660 the Jury aforesaid resorted to Goldsmiths' H all, and the better to enable them to proceed in the said worke it r was then agreed that M Mason should receive soe much silver of lb £ Mr Alderman Backwell as would make 7 w of fine silver & soe much gold [as] would make iiilb w* of fine gold towards the paymt wherof hee received of the company the summe of 70/. 3 s. "jd. which remayned in their hands upon makeing of the standard peices of gold & silver in the yeare 1649 & C/. more he was to receave out of the Treasury by warrant from the Lord Treasurer. Afterwards the x th day of the same 7br Mr Mason delivered in fine gold to the Jury 39 oz 10 dwt 12 graines & in fine silver 75 oz 3 dwt 18 graines. Whereupon the sd Jury proceeded in the further execucion of the said businesse & finished the same upon the 19th day of 8br 1660, upon which day they resorted to Whitehall & then & there they delivered up their verdict & accompt, together with the thre standard peices of gold & silver, unto the Right Honoble the Ld High Treasurer of England, who approved theirof, the same being divided and indented according to their oathes formerly taken in that behalfe; the true modells whereof are described in the leaves of this book next after the entry of the verdict, the tenor of which verdict followeth in theis words, viz': (d)
The Verdict of the Jury above referred to. The verdict of the Jury of Goldsmithes London upon making of three standard triall peices of gold & siiver. Wee whose names are hereunder written being by vertue of a warrant of the Right Honoble the late Lords Comrs of his Majestie's Treasury dated the xviiith of August last sworne before their Lord1
This Warrant is not entered in the Treasury Warrant Book.
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shipps to make three severall standard tryall peeces of gold & silver according to the indenture made between the King's most excellent Matie of the one partth & S r Ralph Freeman Knight of the other part beareing date the xx of July last, have, according to our best skill & judgement, made three standard tryall peeces, viz1 one of gold commixed in proporcion of xxiii carrects three graynes & one halfe grayne of fine gold & halfe a grayne of allay in the pound weight Troy of England weighing fifteen ounces tenn penny weight divided into ix indented peeces; one other of gold commixed in proporcion of xxii carrects of fine gold & two carrects of allay in the pound weight Troy of England weighing xix ounces seaven penny weight & allsoe divided into ix indented peeces; and alsoe one other of silver commixed in proporcion of eleaven ounces two penny weight of fine silver & xviii penny weight of allay in the pound weight Troy of England, weighing Ixvi ounces xvii penny weight & a halfe, divided in like sorte into six indented peeces for the tryall of the King's Majestie's moneys of gold & silver; which said three severall standard peecesblesoe divided indented & printed wee present unto the Right Hono the Lord Treasurer of England to bee disposed of according to his Majestie's direccions in the aforesaid recited indenture mencioned. thIn witnesse whereof wee have hereunto subscribed our names this xix day of October in the xiith yeare of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord Charles the Second by the grace of God of England Scotland France & Ireland King, Defender of the Faith [etc.] 1660. Sr Th. Vyne Kn* and Alderman, Edward Backwell, Alderman [andfourteen
others].
(e) Receipts for Standard pieces.
(i) By the Officers of the Mint. Wee the Warden & Master worker of the Mint doe acknowledge to have received of the Lord High Treasurer of England three peices each of us of the Standard within mencioned for the use of our severall officers which wee charge our selves with hereby that this receipt may bee entred together with this verdict in his Majestie's Treasury. Antho. S' Leger. Ra. Freeman. (ii) By the Goldsmiths' Company. Wee the wardens of the Company of Goldsmithes London doe acknowledge to have received of the Right Hono ble the Lord High Treasurer of England three peeces of gold & silver of the severall standards within mencioned for the use of the Company of Goldsmithes; they being for tryall peeces to worke the plate of the Kingdome by; which wee charge ourselves with hereby that this receipt may be entred together with the verdict in his Majestie's Treasury. Witnesse our hands, this six & twentieth day of October, Anno 1660. Edw. Backwell. Will. Sankey. Rob* Cordell.
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(iii) By the Officers of the Treasury of the Receipt. Received of the Right Honoble Thomas Earle of Southampton Lord High Treasurer of England from the hands of S r Phillip Warwick Knight his Lordshipp's Secretary six standard peices of gold r & three of silver of the severall standards within mencioned by us S Robert Pye Knight & Edward Fauconberge gent., officers under the Lord Treasurer & Chamberlaines in his Majestie's Treasury of the Receipt of Exchequer. Witnes our hands, this ninth day of November in the xiith yeare of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles the Second, 1660. Robert Pye. Edw. Fauconberge. (/)
Note of the Appointment of the workers of the Trial Pieces.
Edward Backwell Esquier Alderman of the Citty of London. Samuel Bartlett of S* Gyles Cripplegate London Goldsmith. 22th of September 1660. Sworne before Mr Baron Leeke to worke tryall peices of golde & silver accordinge to the indenture betweene the Kinge & S r Ralph Freeman & according to the warrant of the Lords of the Counsell. (g)
Treasury Warrant for the issue of a Sign Manual Warrant, for the issue of a writ of Solvatis/br an Imprest.
Whereas by Indenture bearing date the 20th of July last betweene the King's most Excellent Majestie of the one part & Sir Ralph Freeman Knt. of the other part, it is ordained that there shalbe three sorts of monyes vizt, crowne gold, fine gold and silver monyes, made by the said Sir Ralph Freeman agreeable to the severall standards in the said Indenture expressed, and whereasthby order of the late Lordes Commissioners of the Treasury of the 18 of August last directed to Sir Thomas Vinour Knt., Edward Backwell, alderman, and others of the Art or Mistery of Goldsmiths London, they were required forthwith to prepare and make ready three indented tryall peeces of the severall standards mentioned in the said indenture, who having entred upon the said worke doe find that the same cannot be effected without the summe of one hundred poundes over and above the sume of seaventy poundes, three shillinges and seaven pence which they doe acknowledge to have remaining in their handes upon making of former tryall peeces, These are therefore to pray the Clerke of his Majesties Signett to prepare a warrant for his Majesties royall Signature to pass the Great Seale authorizing the Treasurer and Under Treasurer of the Exchequer to pay unto ye said Richard Backwell the sume of one hundred poundes upon Accompt for the service aforesaid. And for soe doeing this shalbe his warrant. Given at Essex House this 4 th of October, 1660. T. Southampton.
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Warrant for an imprest of £ 100 for making the Trial Pieces (30 Nov. 1660).
After my hearty commendations [etc.]. By vertue of His Majestie's Letters Patents bearing date the 8th day of November; these are to will and pray you to draw an order for Payment out of His Majestie's Receipt of Exchequer of the summe of one hundred poundes unto Edward Backwell Esqr or his Assignes upon Accompt for the making of the Indented tryall peeces of Gold & Silver, And for soe doeing this shalbe your Warrant. Given at Southampton Howse, the 30th of November, 1660. T. Southampton. To Sir Robert Pye, Knt, Auditor of His Majesties Receipt of Exchequer. (i)
Memorandum of account of the workers of the Trial Pieces.
Per Rotulum denariorum prestitorum extra Receptam Scaccarii, datum 8™ Julii, 1661. Edwardo Backwell Aldermanno super compotum pro preparacione peciarum pro probadone monete domini Regis per Litteras Patentes— c/. Edward us Backwell armiger et alii de Arte et Mystero Aurifabrorum onerantur de 70 /. 3 s. 7 d. receptis de Guardianis Societatis Aurifabrorum Londonie. Et de c/. receptis de Scaccario. In toto, 170/. is. jd. Allocatum pro una pecia standard! auri puri deliberati domino Summo Thesaurario Anglie, 55/. 19s. $d. ob. Et pro [una] pecia auri vocata Crowne gold, 64/. 18 s. ob. Et pro una pecia Argenti Standardi, 16/. 14s. q.d. ob. Et pro oneribus in purgando, triando, fabricando et aliis operibus, 34/. 19 s. 6d. Summa totalis—172 /. 11 s. 2 d. ob. Et sic sunt in surplusagio—2 /. 07 s. 7 d. ob. (J)
Formal A ccount of the same as declared at the Exchequer^.
The Accompt of Edward Backwell Esq. and others of the Art and Mistery of the Gouldsmithes for mony by them received in order to the makeing of three Standerd peeces of gould and silver by warrant from the late Lordes Comissioners of his Majtes Thresury, dated the xviijth of August 1660. And is made by vertue of a Warrant from the right Honoble the Earle of Southampton, Lord High Threr of England, dated the xij th of July 1664, to mee directed, that the said Company may be discharged of such mony as they charge themselves with, and the said Mr Backwell of one hundred pounds he received upon accompt out 1
The following marginal note occurs but no enrolment is found as explained above: Intratur exparte Rememoratoris Regis; Trinitatis; Status et Visus compotorum, anno xxija Regis Caroli Secundi; Ex parte Rememoratoris Thesaurarii.
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of y e Exchequer for the service aforesaid, by Letters Patents dated of November in the xij th yeare of his now Majesties the viijth day 1 raigne, viz . The Charge. First the said Accomptantes charge themselves with so much received of the Wardens of the Company of Gouldsmithes, London, the x th of September, 1660, in Bullyon which was left them by a Jury formerly appointed to make two Standard peeces of gould and silver in the yeare 1649 to ye vallue of—lxx /. iij s. vij d. Also the said Edward Backwell chargeth himselfe with so much received upon accompt out of his Majestie's Exchequer for ye service d th by Letters Patentes dated the viij day of November in the afores xij th yeare of his now Majtes raigne—c /. Summe Totall received: clxx /. iij s. vij d. Against which— The Discharge. The said Accomptants are allowed the Summe of lv /. xix s. iij d. ob. for ththat they delivered to ye Lord High Threasurer of England the xix of October 1660 one Standerd peece of fyne gould, indented and devided into six severall peeces, weighing xvozs vijd weight at iij /. xij s. xj d. the ounce, amounting unto—lv/. xixs. iij d. ob. Also they delivered the same day one Standerd peece'of crowne gould, indented & devided into six severall peeces, weighing xix ozs d vij weight at iij /. vij s. j d. per ounce, amounting unto—lxiiij /. xviij s. ob. Also they delivered then one Standerd peice of silver, indented and devided into vj peices, weighing all to gether lxvjoz xvij d weight & a halfe, amounting to—xvj /. xiiij s. iiij d. ob. Also they accompt for ye charges of fyning, trying, forgeing, sizing, indenting and other workemanshipp about makeing the said peeces & for waste in melting, for coales and necessaries, & to severall persons for their paines and attendance, with necessary expences of ye said Jury at their severall meetings, as by the particulers delivered to ye right Honoble the high Threasurer in ye paper upon which ye Warrant for stateing this Accompt is Signed & remained in ye Bag of ye particulars of this Accompt appeares—xxxiiij /. xix s. vj d. Summe totall of all ye said silver and gould delivered & the charges and workemanshipp thereof—clxxij /. xj s. ij d. ob. And so the said Accomptantes are in Superplusage the summe of—xlvij s. vij d. ob. Sworne this viijth day of March Examinatur per Phelips Auditor. 1664 before mee. Edw. Atkyns. Declaratur iijto die Aprilis, 1665. Ashley. [Excheq. K. R. Trial of the Pyx, Bdle I, File 1, and Bdle 3, Vol. II; Treasury Misc. Early Warrants, I. 57, / / . 36 {Cal. pp. 52, 72, 78, 95)-]
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(ii) Confiscatory or Punitive Inquisitions 60. Inquisitions of the lands of Normans and Bretons (20 Hen. III). {a) Writ of Inquisition. Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, dominus Hibernie, dux Normannie, Aquitanie et comes Andegavie, vicecomiti Essexe et Hertfordsire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi, in fide qua nobis teneris, in proximis comitatibus tuis post festum Sancti Hillarii diligenter facias inquisicionem de terris Normannorum et Britonum et aliorum extraneorum qui terras aliquando tenuerunt de dicto patre nostro vel de nobis in comitatibus tuis, videlicet, qui terras illas teneant modo, et quantum valeat quelibet terra, et de cujus dono terras illas teneant, distincte et aperte scire fac[iens] baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium in crastino Purificacionis nomina singularum terrarum, et valorem earum, et nomina singulorum qui terras illas tenent, per litteras tuas sub sigillo tuo. Et ita diligenter istud ex[s]equeris quod ad te capere non debeamus. Teste Alexandro Archidiacono Salopesbirie, apud Westmonasterium, quindecimo die Decembris, anno regni nostri, vicesimo. [Testa de Nevill, 271 b.] (b) The Inquisition for Essex. Inquisicio facta de terris Normannorum et Britonum et aliorum extraneorum in comitatu Essexe. Willelmus de Ferrariis tenet in Stebbing xx libratas terre cum pertinenciis de dono domini Regis quas Hugo de Colunces, Normannus, tenuit. H[umfredus] de Boun, comes Essexe, tenere debet manerium de Depeden, quod est in manu domini Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, quod manerium dominus Johannes Rex dedit Galfrido filio Petri, et valet per annum L libratas, et fuit Roberti filii Arnisii Normanni. {Other en tries follow. ] [Ibid. 272.] 61. The Inquisitions of Grievances ordained by the Provisions of Oxford (1258). (a) The Provisions of Oxford {June 1258). Provisum est, quod de quolibet comitatu eligantur quatuor discreti et legales milites, qui, quolibet die ubi tenetur comitatus, conveniant ad audiendum omnes querelas de quibuscumque transgressionibus et injuriis, quibuscumque personis illatis per vicecomites, ballivos, seu quoscumque alios, et ad faciendum tachiamenta que ad dictas querelas pertinent, usque ad primum adventum capitalis justiciarii in partes illas. Ita quod sufficientes capiant plegios a conquerente de prosequendo, et similiter ab eo de quo queritur,
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veniendo et juri parendo coram prefato justiciario in primo adventu suo. Et quod predicti quatuor milites inrotulari faciant omnes predictas querelas, cum suis attachiamentis, ordinate et serie; scilicet de quolibet hundredo separatim et per se. Ita quod prefatus justiciarius, in primo adventu suo, possit audire et terminare prefatas querelas, sigillatim, de quolibet hundredo. Et scire faciant vicecomiti quod venire faciat coram prefato justiciario in proximo adventu suo ad dies et loca que eis scire faciet omnes hundredarios et ballivos suos. Ita quod quilibet hundredarius venire faciat omnes conquerentes et defendentes de balliva sua, successive, secundum quod prefatus justiciarius duxerit, de predicto hundredo placitare. Et tot et tales, tarn milites quam alios liberos et legates homines de balliva sua, per quos rei veritas melius convinci poterit; ita quod omnes simul et semel non vexentur, sed tot veniant quot possunt una die placitari et terminari. [Annals of Burton (Rolls) p. 446.] (b) The Writ of Inquisition (July, 1258)1. Henricus, Dei gratia, dilectis et fidelibus suis Roberto de Ros, Alexandra de Andeville, Gaufrido de Childewik, et Henrico de Horwelle, de comitatu de Hertford, Salutem. Cum nuper in parlamento nostro Oxonie communiter fuerit ordinatum, quod omnes excessus, transgressiones et injurie facte in regno nostro inquirantur per quatuor milites singulorum comitatuum, ut cognita inde veritate, facilius corrigantur, qui quidem quatuor milites ad predictam Inquisitionem fideliter faciendam corporale prestent sacramentum in pleno comitatu, vel coram vicecomite et coronatoribus, si comitatus ille in proximo non teneatur, sicut singulis vicecomitibus [nostris] injungimus; mandamus vobis, in fide qua nobis tenemini, quod prestito prius hujusmodi Sacramento, sicut predictum est, per sacramentum bonorum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto, per quos rei veritas inde melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquiratis, per comitatum predictum, de omnibus excessibus, transgressionibus et injuriis in eodem comitatu a temporibus retroactis per quascunque personas vel quibuscunque illatis. Et hoc tam de justitiariis, vicecomitibus, quam aliis ballivis nostris et ceteris quibuscunque personis. Et Inquisitionem inde factam, sub sigillis vestris et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, deferatis apud Westmonasterium in octabis Sancti Michaelis, in propriis personis vestris, liberandum consilio nostro ibidem. Mandamus etiam vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod, accepto a vobis corporali sacramento, in forma predicta, tot et tales milites et alios ejusdem comitatus, per quos predicta Inquisitio melius fieri poterit, venire faciat coram vobis, ad dies et loca que ei assignaveritis. Nolumus tamen vicecomitem nostrum ejusdem comitatus, nunc presentem, sub hujusmodi Inquisitione comprehendi, nisi ipse forsan prius 1
The words in brackets indicate preferable readings in the Burton copy (Annals of Burton (Rolls), p. 456).
Political Inquisitions
161
vicecomes extiterit in comitatu predicto, quia de illo tempore volumus quod de ipso sicut de aliis inquiratur. Nee etiam volumus in predicta Inquisitione revolvi transgressiones aut injurias que alias coram justitiariis nostris per justum judicium curie nostre et secundum legem terre nostre terminate sunt, aut per brevia nostra attachiate In cujus rei testimonium, has Literas nostras vobis mittimus Patentes. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxviij die Julii, anno regni nostri quadragesimo secundo. [Matt. Paris (Rolls) VI. 396.] (c) The Articles of Inquisition1 (July, 1258). Dicunt qui fuerint vicecomites, subvicecomites, servientes itinerantes, servientes hundredorum, bedelli, subbedelli, et per quantum temporis steterint in ballivis suis, et quid et quantum et a quibus predicti ceperint a quocunque et quacunque de causa; quid et quantum ceperint per judicium comitatuum et hundredorum; et quid et quantum sine judicio et pro quali transgressione; que et quanta ceperint et a quibus pro placitis differendis et similiter properandis. Item que et quanta ceperint pro preceptis domini Regis exequendis, et quid et quantum pro preceptis domini Regis retardandis. Item quid et quantum ceperint pro juratoribus terrarum vel visoribus terrarum ne essent visores vel in assisis juratores. Item quid et quantum ceperint ne caperent homines pro felonia vel alia transgressione facta contra pacem domini Regis. Item que et quanta ceperint pro deliberatione captorum vel pro aliquo alio concelamento contra pacem domini Regis. Item que et quanta ceperint de catallis fugitivorum sive utlagatorum, vel quotiens vel quanta ceperint amerciamentorum fines ab illis qui amerciati fuerunt coram quibuscunque justitiariis, et ea ad Scaccarium non reddiderunt. Item que et qualia solebant pertinere ad vicecomites et eorum turnos. Item quantum et in quibus ipsi vicecomiti accreverint et ex quibus causis. Item quid et quantum, quotiens et a quibus, ceperint pecuniam ultra id quod amerciati fuerint in itinere justitiariorum. Item quid et quantum ceperint de his qui novi milites esse deberent ad certum terminum per preceptum domini Regis pro eo quod non distringerentur. Item de averiis cujuscunque captis injuste et contra justitiam detentis ad dampnum illius cujus averia fuerunt, et de redemptionibus captis pro eisdem averiis deliberandis. Item de cartis confectis per Judeos malitiose, et que non sunt in archa, et de falsariis cartarum tarn de Judeis quam Christianis, vel quis vel qui tales captos receperint custodiendos, et scientes receperint ab aliquo vel aliquibus, Christianis vel Judeis, vel qui tales receperint, nescientes illas contra justitiam esse factas. Item de mensuris omnibus, blado, galonibus, ulnis, ponderibus non rectis, quis vel qui illas habuerint; vel quis vel qui 1 The heading in Matthew Paris is as follows:—De Inquisitionibus super ballivos faciendis et altos transgressores.
H. F. II.
II
162
Select Formulas of
per majores mensuras emerint [et] per minores vendiderint, tarn infra libertates quam extra, in civitatibus, burgis, portubus, et alibi ubicunque. Item de vicecomitibus et eorum bedellis et de ballivis libertatum et de omnibus ballivis quicunque fuerint, quid et quantum ceperint occasione deliberationis galonis, vel occasione ponendi vel amovendi aliquem vel aliquos summonitos ad veniendum coram talibus justitiariis, vel quid et quantum ceperint in eisdem ad differendum in laboribus et expensis. Item de dominiis domini Regis alienatis in terris, redditibus, servitiis, advocationibus ecclesiarum, in portubus maris, hundredis alienatis sine waranto, consuetudinibus subtractis vel concelatis in terra vel in mari, tarn in civitatibus, burgis, quam alibi; que omnia domini Regis esse deberent. Quis vel qui eas subtraxerint vel concelaverint; a quo tempore, vel quis vel qui hec predicta teneant, et quantum valeant per annum ; et particulariter et distincte scribantur. Et similiter fiat de terris Normannorum et aliorum qui non sunt ad fidem domini Regis, et escaetis et wardis quibuscunque ad dominum Regem pertinentibus. Item de coronatoribus et eorum clericis et servientibus, quid et quantum ceperint de catallis fugitivorum et aliorum occasione officii sui, que catalla domini Regis esse deberent vel alicujus alterius de jure ; et quid et quantum ceperint pro ofBciis suis exequendis. Item de excaetoribus, quid et quantum ceperint de wardis, excaetis, saisinis factis de terris cujuscunque et quacunque de causa, vel ad opus domini Regis vel ad opus proprium vel aliorum. Scribatur particulariter et distincte quid et quantum ceperit per se. Item de Christianis usurariis et falsariis et tonsoribus monete et excambiatoribus contra assisam. Item qui corrupti munere, gratia, vel odio vel favore loquelam, vel judicium posuerint in respectum ad dampnum petentis vel tenentis. Quid et quantum pro negotiis festinandis vel retardandis ut supra. Item qui captores vel emptores fecerint prisas ad opus domini Regis vel de pannis vel de cera, alluta, peletria, et aliis cujuscunque hujusmodi. Item de cujusmodi rebus fecerint prisas, et de quibus, ad quorum opus, et quantum. Item qui ceperint fines et quantum et a quibus mercatoribus [ut] possent vendere mercandisas suas pro voluntate sua et aliis quam domino Regi. Item mercatores illi qui constituti fuerint ad appreciandum mercandisas suas, quid et quantum retinuerint ad opus proprium vel ad opus aliorum occasione captionum et prisarum predictarum et cujusmodi partium apposuerint, vel ad opus domini Regis vel aliorum. Et quantum vendiderint vel vendi permiserint de captionibus et prisis predictis. [Matt. Paris {Rolls) VI. 397 par. 204.] (d) An official Reference to the Returns for the Inquisition of \2$&(z. 1323). Item, Inquisitiones capte de tempore domini Regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis de gravaminibus et oppressionibus per totum 1
These are not now in existence.
Political Inquisitions
163
Regnum Anglie factis ante annum regni dicti Regis Henrici quadragesimum. In magno coffro ferro ligato ad tale signum1. [Palgrave, Kalendars of the Exchequer, Vol. I., p. 97, No. 56.] 62. Inquisitions of the Lands of Rebels (1265—66). (a) Proceedings at the Council of Windsor (8 September 1265). Postea, circa Festum Nativitatis Beate Marie tenuit dominus Rex parlamentum apud Wintoniam, ubi Simon de Monte Forti junior, qui habuit salvum conductum a domino Rege et a domino Edwardo venit; et quia non potuit tune temporis pacem ad libitum suum invenire, inde recessit et posuit se in castello de Kenelworthe ubi multos milites et servientes fecit convenire, qui ei adheserunt. In dicto Parlamento provisum fuit quod omnes qui capti fuerunt in Kenelworthe, sicut prenotatum est, et qui capti fuerunt in prelio de Evesham, et etiam heredes ibidem interfectorum, fuissent exheredati, quia dictum fuit quod ipsi fuerunt contra Regem, licet militassent cum eo sequentes vexillum suum. Nam consideratum fuit quod ipse non fuit in plena potestate sua, postquam captus fuit in prelio de Liawes ; sed sub virga et potestate Comitis Leicestrie qui fecit quicquid voluit de sigillo Regis et de omnibus rebus ad regnum Anglie pertinentibus. Ex tune revocavit dominus Rex omnes donationes terrarum, ecclesiamm, prebendarum, quas contulerat a die captionis sue usque ad predictum tempus ; et omnes literas, cartas et scripta que ipse et films suus per totum predictum tempus fecerant per coactionem in irritum revocate sunt. [Liber de Antiq. Legibus {Catnden Soc. Old Series, No. 34,/. 76).] (b)
Writ of Inquisition for extending Rebels' Lands (21 September 1265). 2 Rex omnibus fidelibus suis de comitatibus Salutem. Sciatis quod cum nuper unanimi consilio et voluntate magnatum nostrorum apud Wintoniam convenientium reddita fuerit in manus nostras seisina omnium terrarum et tenementorum a quibuscumque occupatorum de terris adversariorum et rebellium nostrorum qui nobis manifeste adversabantur in turbacione et guerra nuper in regno nostro suborta, et eisdem in turbacione predicta manifeste adherentium; constituimus dilectos et fideles nostros Jacobum de Sauvagio et Galfridum le Rus, una cum vicecomite nostro comitatus predicti, ad omnes terras et tenementa predicta in manus nostras capienda et nomine nostro salvo custodienda. Ita quod illi predicta terras et tenementa per sacramentum proborum et fidelium nostrorum fideliter extendant, quantum secundum rectum valorem in omnibus exitibus eorum valeant per 1 2
In the margin is the title Inquisitiones in Gothic letters on a narrow shield. A like letter was sent to every county. II—2
164
Select Formulas of
annum. Et extentam illam nobis, sub sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, una cum nominibus terrarum et nominibus illorum quorum terre et tenementa ilia fuerunt, habere faciatis ad instans festum Sancti Edwardi apud Westmonasterium. Ita etiam quod de toto redditu de termino Sancti Michaelis instantis diligentem faciatis inquisitionem, et ad ipsum redditum colligendum et recipiendum duos de discretioribus et fidelioribus qui in singulis hundredis haberi poterunt, assignent. Et eis summam reddituum predictorum in singulis locis et villis habere faciant. Et nos de summa ilia et nominibus collectorum illorum fideliter et plene certificent. Et si forte de dictis redditibus aliquid inde receperint, ad plenam restitutionem sine dilatione distringant. Volumus etiam quod si terre vel tenementa dictorum rebellium nostrorum alicui alteri, preter quam nobis, post diem Jovis proximam post festum Exaltationis Sancte Crucis fuerint restituta, ad manus nostras revocentur per eosdem Jacobum, Galfridum et vicecomitem predictum, salvo custodienda et extendenda in forma supradicta. Quod si aliquis predictorum Jacobi, Galfridi vel vicecomitis per infirmitatem aut alio modo impeditus fuerit quominus dictum negocium exequi possit, duo alii nichilominus in negotio predicto procedant et illud in forma predicta plene et fideliter expediant. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod predictis Jacobo, Galfrido et vicecomiti, in hiis que ex parte nostra vobis duxerint injungenda, sitis intendentes et auxiliantes. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege apud Wintoniam, xxj die Septembris. [49 Henry Iff.] [Patent Roll, 49 Henry III, m. 8 dors. {Foed. I. 462).] (V) Form of an Inquisition of Rebels' Lands and Returns in Berks (1265). Nomina xij juratorum in hundredo de Bienershe, anno regni Regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis xlix. {The jurors' names follow?) Qui fuerunt contra dominum Regem cum equis et armis ad bellum de Evesham et post bellum ? Et qui post bellum depredati sunt et per quos ? Qui illorum terras, res, redditus, homines et possessiones postea occupaverunt ? Quid terre illorum, res, redditus valent per annum ? Qui dicunt per sacramentum suum quod dominus Petrus de Monte Forti fuit cum equis et armis contra dominum Regem ad bellum de Evesham, et ibidem occisus. Dicunt etiam quod dominus Willelmus de Valencia, statim post bellum, cepit villam de Reineham que erat ipsius Petri. Et valet redditus termino Sancti Michaelis lxxxx s. Quid vestura terre valet ? Dicunt quod xxiij marcas. Quid catalla ? Dicunt quod valuerunt lxxxij s. Quid manerium valet per annum ? Dicunt quod valet xx /. Dicunt etiam quod Ricardus de Calewrothe fuit cum equis et armis contra dominum Regem ad dictum bellum, et captus fuit; et habuit unam carucatam terre apud Ellentone.
Political Inquisitions
165
Quid valet per annum ? Dicunt quod valet x marcas per annum. Quid res ? Dicunt quod vestura valuit xiij s. iiij d. Quid redditus ? Dicunt quod valuerunt iij s. x d. et est in areragia adhuc. Qui dictam terram et vesturam illius terre post bellum cepit? Dicunt quod Willelmus de Riddewrthe cepit et tenet. Dicunt etiam quod dominus Johannes de Mucegros fuit contra dominum Regem et habet xl solidos annalis redditus in villa de Sotesbrok et avocationem ecclesie de Sotesbrok. Qui ilium redditum cepit ? Dicunt quod dominus Rex sesiare fecit ilium redditum, set postea videlicet vigilia Sancti Edwardi Regis et Martyris venit attornatus dicti Johannis et cepit xx s. de predictis xl solidis. Dicunt etiam quod Henricus parsona de Sotesbrok depredatus fuit post bellum de Evesham. Qui eum depredavit ? Dicunt quod dominus Willelmus la Suche capere cepit parsonatum ipsius Henrici. Quid, valuit ? Dicunt quod bladum valuit xx marcas et [vestura] xxx solidos. [Inquisitions Miscell. Chan., File 25, No. 10.] (d) Inquisition of Rebels Lands in Essex (1265). Chelmersford. Inquisissio facta a die Jovis proxima post Exaltationem Sancte Crucis anno regni Regis Henrici, filii Regis Johannis, xlix de terris seisiatis, scilicet per xij liberos homines juratos per {Jurors' names follow). Qui dicunt per sacramentum quod manerium de Parva Wa[l]tham, quod fuit domini Roberti de Cateshale, fuit seisitum per dominum Walterum de Bibbeswor]?e et exstenditur in omnibus exitibus; XX
scilicet curia cum gardino, iiij s. Et ix acre terre arabilis, precium acre iiij d. Summa, lx s. Et v acre prati, precium acre xviij d. Summa, vij s. et vj d. Et xx acre bosci, precium acre, ij d. Summa, iij s. et iiij d. Redditus assise ad quatuor terminos anni ad quemlibet terminum vij s. et vj d. Summa, xxxs. quos Walterus de Bibeswurth receptat. Summa tocius, iiij libras xvj denarios. Custodes Robertus de Wulhey et Folkes. [laid., File 26, No. 5.] (e)
The Dictum de Kenilworth (1266).
Art. 12. Super statu et negotio exheredatorum inter cetera que ordinavimus et statuimus, volentes secundum Deum et equitatis tramitem incedere, ita duximus providendum,...quod non fiat exheredatio sed redemptio, videlicet, quod incipientes guerram et perseverantes usque nunc; item violenter et malitiose detinentes
166
Select Formulas of
Norhamptonam contra Regem; item expugnantes et debellantes Regem apud Lewes; item capti apud Kenilworth, qui venerunt de predatione Wyntonie vel alibi fuerint contra Regem; item qui fuerunt apud Cestrefeud contra Regem in bello; item qui gratis et voluntarie et non coacti miserunt servitia sua contra Regem vel filium ejus ; item ballivi et ministri comitis Leycestrie qui vicinos depredati sunt, et homicidia incendia et mala alia procurarunt—solvent quantum valet terra eorum per quinque annos; et* si isti solvant redemptionem, rehabeant terras suas ; ita quod, si terra vendi debeat, nullus earn habeat nisi ille qui earn tenet ex dono domini Regis, si tantum velit dare quam quilibet communiter emens et eisdem terminis. Similiter si ad firmam debeat dari, nullus sit propinquior eo qui earn tenet ex dono domini Regis, si tantum velit dare quam quilibet alius pro eo ad firmam velit dare, et eisdem terminis habeat. Similiter satisfaciens pro tota terra, habeat totam; pro medietate medietatem habeat, et pro tertia parte statim tertiam partem habeat. Quod si ultimo termino statuto redimens non satisfecerit, medietas terre remanentis remaneat illis quibus terre collate sunt per dominum Regem. Liberum autem sit redimenti infra ilium terminum vendere totum vel partem terre, secundum formam venditionis superius annotatam, et similiter ad firmam tradere.... Art. 22. Quia Rex tenetur multis qui eum juverunt et ei fideliter affuerunt, quibus de terris non providit et quidam plus habent quam habere debent, provideat dominus Rex de redemptione capienda quod abundanter eos respiciat, ne sit materia nove guerre. [Statutes of the Realm, I. 12.] {/)
Judicial Proceedings subsequent to the Dictum de Kenilworth {Lent 1268). Placita coram Willelmo de Sancto Omero et sociis suis justiciariis ad placita de terris datis et occupatis occasione turbacionis habite in regno audienda et terminanda assignatis, aput Chelemeresforde in comitatu Essexie, die Mercurii proxima post primam Dominicam Quatragesime, anno regni Regis Henrici, filii Regis Johannis, lij. Placita apud Colecestriam Presentaciones de terris datis et occupatis in comitatu Essexie Hundredum de Chelmersforde.... [Juratores] presentant etiam quod Walterus de Kipesworth1, cito post bellum de Evesham, seyseivit terras Roberti le Poer in Parva Waltham, eo quod idem Robertus fuit in insula de Heily contra dominum Regem, et eas tenuit quousque idem Robertus satisfecit predicto Waltero per xxx marcas: et terra ilia non fuit data per dominum Regem ; et valet terra ilia per annum cs. et idem Robertus est in seysina. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod capiat terram illam in manum domini Regis et salvo custodi faciat donee aliud, etc. et quod de exitibus, etc. Et quod eidem Roberto scire faciat quod 1
Sic Hunter who elsewhere prints Bibbeswrth; cf. above (d).
Political Inquisitions
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sit coram justiciariis apud Colecestriam die Martis in crastino Sancti Gregorii, ad respondendum de hoc, quod fuit in insula contra dominum Regem. [Rotuli Selecti, ed. Hunter, pp. 105—131 (passim).]
63.
The Trial ofthe Judges (1289—93).
(a) Summons to appear before the Auditores Querelarum (13 October, 1289). Rex vicecomiti1 , Salutem. Tranquillitatem regni et populi nostri corditer affectantes, sicut affectare debemus, assignavimus [names of Commissioners follow] ad audiendum gravamina et injurias, si que, nobis nuper existentibus extra regnum nostrum, per ministros nostros facta vel illata fuerint quibuscumque personis dicti regni nostri, ut ipsi fideles nostri, auditis querimoniis super hujusmodi ac responsionibus ipsorum ministrorum, nobis ea in proximo parliamento nostro referant et exponant, debite corrigenda; et ideo tibi precipimus, firmiter injungentes, quod singulis et universis de comitatu tuo, siqui se senserint, dum fuimus extra regnum nostrum, per ministros nostros gravatos, et qui se inde conqueri voluerint, per totam ballivam tuam distincte et aperte scire facias quod veniant apud Westmonasterium, in crastino instantis festi Sancti Martini, coram prefatis fldelibus nostris sua gravamina fideliter ostensuri et prosecuturi. Et istud mandatum nostrum, sicut te et tua diligis, taliter exequaris quod remissus et negligens non sis inventus in premissis, per quod ad te, tanquam ad mandatorum nostrorum contemptorem, graviter capere debeamus. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xiij die Octobris [17 Edward I]. [Close Roll 17 Edw. I, m. 2 d (Cal. P. 55) (Foedera I. 715.)] (b) Proceedings against Adam de Stratton, Chamberlain and Baron of the Exchequer. Rogerus Godman de Bermundseye, queritur de Ada de Strattone quod cum idem Rogerus fuit in pace domini Regis apud Wydeforde in comitatu Hertefordsire transiens cum merchandisis suis die dominica proxima post festum Sancte Fidis anno regni Regis nunc xv, predictus Adam fecit insidiari predicto Rogero, et de eo injuste cepit et capere fecit per quemdam Johannem de Berkynges, tune senescallum ejusdem Ade, et per alios ignotos de familia sua, duos equos, videlicet unum equum morellum precii septem librarum, tresdecim solidorum et quatuor denariorum, et unum equum bayum precii quatuor librarum, et predictos equos vi et contra pacem domini Regis abduxerunt 1
A like letter was sent to every county.
168
Select Formulas of
de eadem villa usque ad civitatem Londonie ad hospicium tune predicti Ade. Et cum idem Rogerus recenter sequebatur predictos equos quousque eos inveniebat in stabulo predicti Ade, et mandasset eidem Ade per duos legales homines quod scire faceret ei quare equos suos sic detinuit, idem Adam respondit et dixit, quod predictus Rogerus fuit nativus suus fugitivus, et quod nunquam equos suos haberet quousque finivisset cum eo decem libris. Et predictus Rogerus dixit quod nichil clamat tenere de eo, nee quod ipse nee ullus de antecessoribus suis nativus suus fuit, nee de eo aliquid tenuerunt, per quod libere videbatur ei quod posset ire quocumque voluisset. Et unde supplicavit predicto Ade quod istud inquireret per liberos et legales homines; set idem Adam istud nolebat set sic injuste retinuit predictos equos, et eos equitavit et equitari permisit de predicto die usque ad unum mensem proximum sequentem, quousque predictus Rogerus finem fecit cum eo per x libras; ad dampnum ipsius Rogeri xl librarum, etc. Et Adam venit et dicit quod predicta die dominica predicto anno nee aliquo tempore post transfretacionem dum Rex fuit ultra mare cepit etc. et hoc petit quod inquiratur, et predictus Rogerus similiter. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti de Hertfordsira quod venire faciat hie, in quindena Purificationis Beate Marie, tot et tales de visneto Wydeforde per quos etc. et qui nee etc. ad certificandum etc. Et similiter preceptum vicecomiti Middelsexe et vicecomiti Londonie quod venire [facerent] hie ad hunc diem tot et tales etc. de visneto, de Neugate, etc. Ad quern diem veniunt predicti Rogerus et Adam. Et juratores, ex consensu partium electi, dicunt super sacramentum suum quod predictus Adam cepit duos equos predicti Rogeri, videlicet unum equum morellum et alium bayum, et ipsos abduxit usque Londoniam, et eos detinuit quousque predictus Rogerus finem fecerat cum eo per decem libras. Et requisiti per Auditores si ista transgressio facta fuit post ultimam transfretacionem Regis, dicunt quod sic. Et requisiti ad que dampna, dicunt quod ad dampna quatuor marcarum, preter illas qu[ibus] finivit cum predicto Ada. Ideo consideratum est quod predictus Rogerus recuperet versus predictum Adam predictas decem libras et dampna sua, que taxantur ad quatuor marcas. Et predictus Adam convincatur gayole. [Assize Roll 541 B m. 11 {Caniden Sac.-$rdSeries, Vol. ix.
Case 20).]
64. Inquisitions of Templars' Corrodies (1309). (a)
The Process, containing the Kings commission for holding the Inquiry and the pleadings and decision thereon. Rex mandavit breve suum Thesaurario et Baronibus, quod est inter brevia de anno primo, in hec verba. Edwardus, etc. Cum frater Willelmus de la More, magister milicie Templi in Anglia, de assensu fratrum suorum, per cartam suam,
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concesserit Galfrido Tailfer de Huchendon perpetuum victum suum in domo eorundem Magistri et Fratrum de Novo Templo Londonie ad mensam conventus ibidem, et XXJ. pro aliis necessariis suis de preceptore loci qui pro tempore fuerit singulis annis ad totam vitam ipsius Galfridi percipiendos et quod idem Galfridus habeat unum garcionem sibi deserviendum quamdiu vixerit sumptibus domus predicte, qui ad mensam garcionum dicte domus sedeat, et quinque solidos pro stipendiis suis ad terminos in dicta domo usuales de preceptore percipiat, prout in carta predicta plenius continetur, ac omnes terras et tenementa predictorum Magistri et Fratrum certis de causis in manu nostra existant; vobis mandamus quod inspecta carta predicta auditisque rationibus prefati Galfridi in hac parte eidem Galfrido debitum et festinum justicie complementum inde fieri faciatis. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium quarto die Marcii anno regni nostri primo. Et super hoc dictus Galfridus protulit predictam cartam quod dicit esse factum predicti Fratris Willelmi et sigillo communis capituli dictorum fratrum consignari, in quo continetur quod iidem Magister et Fratres concesserunt Galfrido Taylfer de Huchinden perpetuum victum suum in domo Novi Templi Londonie [as above] percipiendos ; medietatem videlicet ad festum Sancti Michaelis, et aliam medietatem ad Pascha. Concesserunt etiam eidem Galfrido quod ipse habere possit unum garcionem ad deserviendum eidem, quamdiu vixerit, sumptibus domus predicte qui, etc. [as above] percipiat. Et si dictus Galfridus senectute, debilitate vel infirmitate sit detentus, quod in aula sedere non possit, concesserunt quod eidem Galfrido in camera sua infra ambitum curie dicte domus in cibis et potibus, igne et lumine, ac omnibus aliis suis neccessariis plenarie deserviatur. Datum apud Dynnesle die Martis proxima ante festum Sancti Barnabe Apostoli, anno Domini millesimo trecentecimo septimo. Et petit habere victum suum et garcionis sue {sic) una cum xx s. predictis et vs. pro garcione suo, juxta formam predicte carte, cum arreragiis eorundem. Et quia per dominum Regem et consilium suum ordinatum est quod super hoc inquiratur, utrum, videlicet, predicta carta facta fuit et consignata ante tempus capcionis terrarum Templariorum in manum Regis, et si dictus Galfridus de premissis fuit seisitus ante tempus illud necne; mandatum est Vicecomitibus Londonie quod super hoc inquirant. Et Inquisicionem illam habeant hie die Mercurii in tercia septimana Quadragesime sub sigillo, etc. Ad quern diem Vicecomites retornarunt Inquisicionem super hoc captam in qua continetur quod diu ante capcionem domus Novi Templi Londonie in manu domini Regis predicta carta facta fuit et consignata. Et dictus Galfridus de omnibus premissis in domo predicta ante tempus predictum fuit seisitus. Et quia bona et redditus Novi Templi Londonie non sufficiunt ad sustentacionem fratrum et servientum ibidem, prout Vicecomites Londonie retornarunt, etc. Mandatum est Vicecomiti Cantebrigesire, custodi domus de Wylburg-
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ham, quod a tempore quo cessavit de solutione prefato Galfrido facta de corrodio predicto, ei habere faciat corrodium illud de exitibus domus predicte, etc. Post, xij die Maii, anno secundo, mandatum est Vicecomiti quod de exitibus aliarum domorum in comitatu predicto habere faciat ei premissa, quia Rex commisit domum de Wilburgham Roberto filio Walteri. [Exch. K. R. Ancient Extents, No. 9 {Cole, ' Documents,'p. 142).] (b) The original Writ of Inquisition referred to in the above Process. Edwardus, etc. [as in No. 11], vicecomitibus Londonie, custodibus terrarum et tenementorum Magistri et Fratrum milicie Templi de Novo Templo Londonie, Salutem. Precipimus vobis quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de balliva vestra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, et qui nulla affinitate vel alio modo attingant Galfridum Tailfer de Huchenden, diligenter inquiratis si quedam carta, quam predictus Galfridus protulit coram Baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium sub nomine fratris Willelmi de la More magistri milicie Templi in Anglia, et per quam asserit dictos magistrum et fratres sibi concessisse perpetuum victum suum in domo Novi Templi Londonie, et XXJ. pro necessariis suis singulis annis ad totam vitam ipsius Galfridi percipiendos, et unum garcionem sibi deserviendum quamdiu vixerit, et vs. pro stipendiis suis ad terminos in dicta carta contentos, facta et consignata fuit ante captionem terrarum et tenementorum predictorum in manum nostram. Et si idem Galfridus seisitus fuit de premissis ante tempus predictum, necne. Et Inquisitionem illam distincte et aperte factam habeatis coram Baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Westmonasterium hac instanti die Mercurii in tertia septimana Quadragesime, sub sigillis vestris et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, et hoc breve. Teste T[homa] de Cantebrigia, apud Westmonasterium, iij die Marcii anno regni nostri secundo. Per breve de Magno Sigillo inter Communia de anno primo; in rotulo primo. [Endorsed:—] Execucio istius brevis patet in inquisicione huic brevi annexa. In rotulo. (c) The Original Inquisition referred to in the same Process. Inquisicio capta die Martis proxima post Octabas Sancti Mathei Apostoli anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, secundo, coram Jacobo le Botiller [et] Willelmo de Basingges vicecomitibus Londonie per sacramentum Rogeri Chauntecler, etc. [and eleven other jurors] ad inquirendum si quedam carta quam Galfridus Tallifer de Huchingdon protulit coram Baronibus de Scaccario domini Regis sub nomine fratris Willelmi de la More, magistri milicie Templi in Anglia, et per quam asserit dictos magistrum et fratres sibi concessisse per-
Political Inquisitions petuum victum suum, etc. [as above] facta fuit et consignata ante captionem domus predicte in manum domini Regis. Et si idem Galfridus ante tempus predictum seisitus fuit de premissis necne. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod diu ante captionem domus Novi Templi Londonie in manum domini Regis predicta carta quam idem Galfridus protulit sub nomine predicti fratris Willelmi de la More facta fuit et consignata et de omnibus premissis in domo predicta ante tempus predictum seisitus fuit. In cujus rei testimonium juratores predicti huic Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. Data Londonie die et anno supradictis. [Exchequer K. R. Ancient Extents, No. 22, m. 24 and 25.]
65. Inquisitions of the Contrariants' lands (1322). (a) Commission for custody of the Contrariants' lands in the county of Gloucester. Rex, omnibus ad quos, etc. Salutem. Sciatis quod commisimus dilecto nobis [Roberto de Aston] custodiam omnium castrorum terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Thome comitis Lancastrie et aliorum inimicorum et rebellium nostrorum in comitatibus [Somersete, Dorsete et Gloucestresire] et que per forisfacturam [etc.] in manu nostra existunt [etc.] una cum omnibus bonis et catallis [etc.] quamdiu nobis placuerit. Ita quod [etc.] et quod de exitibus inde provenientibus per certum receptorem, per nos ad hoc deputandum et per prefatum Ricardum inde onerandum, nobis respondeatur in Camera nostra. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege, apud Pontem Fractum, xxiij die Marcii [15 Edward II]. Per ipsum Regem. [Fine Roll, 15 Edw. II, m. 10 {Foedera II. 480).] (b) Writ of Extent. Rex dilecto et fideli suo [Roberto de Aston], custodi castrorum, maneriorum, villarum, terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Thome quondam Comitis Lancastrie, inimici et rebellis nostri...et castrorum aliorum inimicorum et rebellium nostrorum in comitatibus [Somersete, etc.] in manu nostra existentium, Salutem. Volentes quibusdam de causis certiorari super vero valore castrorum [etc.], predictorum, quantum, videlicet, valeant per annum ut in dominicis [etc.], et omnibus aliis exitibus, et que terre et que tenementa inde absque clamio nobis sunt forisfacta, et ubi et in quibus clamium ponitur, et ex qua causa, et per quos, et qualiter, et quo modo; et que inde, pro commodo nostro, retinenda sint in manu nostra pro instauro et aliis proficuis habendis; que eciam magis expediens sit ad firmam dimittere certis tenentibus quam in manu nostra retinere; et quantum pro illis annuatim ad firmam offeratur, et per quos, et ad quos terminos, et qualiter, et quo modo; ac etiam quantum offeratur ab aliis
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pro ' in manu nostra retinenda de annua firma; necnon et quantum de grosso bosco et subbosco locorum predictorum absque vasto et destructione pro commodo nostro...possit [vendi]; ac de aliis cornmod itatibus et proficuis castrorum [etc.], predictorum ; vobis mandamus quod castra [etc.], predicta per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum partium illarum, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter extendi facias in forma predicta; et extentas inde distincte et aperte factas nobis, sub sigillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. De premissis similiter de quibus vestrum avisamentum requiritur, sicut predictum est, vos certificamus...quod extentas illas habeamus et de premissis per vos certioremur citra quindenam Nativitatis Sancti Johannis Baptiste proximo futuram. Teste Rege, apud Eboracum, xviij die Maii. Per petitionem et licenciam. [Pat. Roll, 15 Edw. II, pt. 2, m. 12 d.] (c) The Inquisition or Extent {Gloucester, Upton St Leonards). Gloucestria. Inquisitio capta coram Ada de Hervyntone et Rogero Golafre apud Gloucestriam die Marcii proxima post festum Sancti Augustini, anwo regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi xv°, de omnibus castris, maneriis, terris et tenementis que fuerunt inimicorum et rebellium domini Regis in comitatu predicto et que per forisfacturam eorundem in manu domini Regis seisita existunt; per sacramentum Johannis Mustel [and fifty others]. Qui dicunt, per sacramentum suum, quod in comitatu predicto sunt seisita in manu domini Regis, in hundredo de Dudeston, Uptone Sancti Leonardi, quod fuit Mauricii de Berkelegh [other forfeitures follow]. In cujus rei testimonium, huic Inquisitioni predicti juratores sigilla sua apposuerunt. Data die, loco et anno predictis. [Names and seals of the jurors appended^] [K. R. Extents 32 »z. 8.] (d)
The Account of the forfeited lands, Upton St Leonards, co. Gloucester (1324—25). Gloucestria. Compotus Roberti de Astone, custodis et collectoris firmarum quarumdam terrarum et tenementorum domino Regis forisfactorum in comitatu Gloucestrie, a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, xviij°, usque idem festum proximo sequens, anno xix° Uptone Sancti Leonardi. Idem reddit compotum de cvj s. viij d. receptis de Willelmo de Cheddeworth, firmario terrarum et tenementorum que acciderunt Mauricio de Berklegh, per mortem Katerine de Tonbrugge, in Uptone Sancti Leonardi, de firma eorundem, terminorum predictorum. Summa, cvj s. viij d. [Ministers' Accounts, Gen. Ser. Bundle 1148, No. 12.] 1
The MS. is defaced.
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(e) Restitution of the Contrariants' Lands in response to their Petition in Parliament (1327). Petitiones pro illis qui fuerunt de querela Thome Comitis Lancastrie. Fait a remembrer, que le tierce jour de Feverer, l'an du regne le Roi Edward, fitz au Roi Edward, fitz au Roi Edward, fitz au Roi Henri, primer, furent mo[u]strez en Parlement, adonques tenu a Westmonaster, ascuns peticions par les Chivalers et la Com[m]une de la querele le Count de Lancastre, en la forme que s'ensuit:— A nostre Seigneur le Roi, etc. prient les Chivalers et la Com[m]une a tort desherites, emprisonez, desrobbez, banniz, exiles, que esteient de la querele le noble Counte de Lancastre, qu'ils peussent estre restituz a leur terres ove les issues puis le temps q'eles furent a tort seisez. A quele peticion fust respondu par com[m]une assent de tot le Parlement, Qe totes les terres et tenementz qi furent seisiz par cause de la querele le Counte de Lancastre (laquele par tot le Parlement est afferme bone) auxibien en Irlaund, Gales, come en Engleterre, soient restituz, ove les issues et arrerages de ferme, dont le Roi ne fust mie servi. \Rotiili Parliamentorutn, vol. II. p. 5.]
66. Extents of Aliens' Lands and Appraisements of their goods forfeited by reason of the War with France (23 Edward I). (a) Writ of Extent and Appraisement. Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, dominus Hibernie et dux Aquitanie, vicecomiti Norffolkie et Suffolkie, Salutem. Propter aliquas certas causas tibi precipimus quod omnes terras et tenementa, bona et catalla omnium illorum alienigenarum laicorum de potestate regis Francie et sibi adherencium vel de amnitate et amicitia eorumdem existencium qui terras et tenementa habent, tarn in regno Francie quam in balliva tua, et in eodem regno Francie conversantur, et etiam illorum qui habent terras et tenementa bona et catalla in balliva tua, licet nihil habeant extra regnum nostrum et extra idem regnum fuerint conversantes, sine dilatione capias in manum nostram et ea salvo custodias donee aliud inde preceperimus. Ita quod de exitibus inde provenientibus nobis respondeas ad Scaccarium nostrum. Precipimus etiam tibi quod omnes terras et tenementa, bona et catalla omnia illorum alienigenarum laicorum de potestate regis predict!, ut predictum est existencium, qui in balliva tua morantur, similiter capias in manum nostram et ea salvo custodias donee aliud inde a nobis habueris in mandatis, accepta ab eis sufficienti securitate quod venient citra octabas Sancti Hillarii coram Thesaurario et Baronibus nostris de Scaccario ad faciendum id quod eis per eosdem Thesaurarium et Barones nostros ex parte nostra plenius injungetur. Et [quatinus] omnes terras et tenementa predicta per sacramentum proborum et
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legalium hominum de balliva tua per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, quantum, videlicet, valeant per annum cum omnibus exitibus, diligenter extendi et bona et catalla predicta fideliter appreciari facias. Et factis extenta et appreciacione hujusmodi, predictos Thesaurarium et Barones ad predictum diem, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos extenta et appreciacio ille facte fuerint, distincte et aperte inde certifices, mittens tune ibidem hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Odymere, x die Novembris, anno regni nostri vicesimo tertio. (ti) The Extent and Appraisement. Extente et appreciationes terrarum et. tenementorum bonorum et catallorum alienigenarum laicorum de potestate Regis Francie et sibi adherencium vel de affinitate et amicitia eorumdem existencium, facte tarn in comitatu Norfolkie quam Suffolkie, anno regni domini Regis Edwardi vicesimo quarto. Norwycus. Petrus le Manner, natus de potestate Regis Francie, habet in Norwyco unum messuagium et valet per annum x s. Idem Petrus habet ibidem bona et catalla que appreciantur ad xvj /. Et idem Petrus invenit manucaptores essendi coram vobis ad diem in brevi contentum videlicet, Reginaldum Pope de Norwyco, Walterum de Castre de eadem, Walterum le Taverner de eadem, Thomas de Baldeswella de eadem Debita que debentur diversis mercatoribus de potestate Regis Francie in villa Jernemuthe et que arestantur ibidem in manibus diversorum, prout ballivi libertatis ejusdem ville, qui habent retorna brevium, michi mandaverunt Juratores dicunt etiam quod predicti ballivi Jernemuthe arestari fecerunt vj dolia vini veteris, precii iiij /. x s. de catallis Nud' de Rebastinges. Et quesitum est a Juratoribus utrum predicta bona sunt maioris valoris. Dicunt quod non. Item, dicunt quod predicti ballivi habent j navem del Estende de Flaundres, cum atilio et cum xlij retibus, precii ix /. Et vij weyas salis, precii xlij s. Et quesitum est a juratoribus utrum predicta bona sunt maioris valoris. Dicunt quod non. [AT. R. Accounts, Alien Priories, 3/17 m. 1.]
67. Proceedings imder the Statute of Labourers (1350). (a) The Statute, 29 Edw. Ill, Stat. 2 {extracts). Come nadgairs contre la malice de servantz, queux furent parciouses et nient voillantz servir apres la pestilence sanz trop outrageouses lowers prendre, feut ordine par nostre seigneur le Roi et par assent des prelatz, nobles et autres de son conseil, qe tieux maners de servantz, sibien hommes come femmes, fussent tenuz de servir, receyvantz salaries et gages accustumez es lieus ou ils devront servir l'an du regne le dit nostre seigneur le Roi vintisme, ou cynk ou sis aunz devant, et qe mesmes les servantz refusantz servir par autiele manere fuissent punys par emprisonement de lour corps, sicome en
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mesme l'ordenance est contenuz plus au playn ; sur quoi commissions furent faites as diverses gentz en chescun counte, d'enquere et punir touz ceaux qe venissent au contraire. Et ja par tant qe done est entendre a nostre dit Seigniour le Roi, en cest present parlement, par la peticion de la commune, qe les ditz servantz nient eiantz regard a la dite ordenance, mes a lours eses et singulers covetises, se retreent de servir as grantz ou as autres s'ils n'eyent livresons et lowers au duble au treble de ceo q'ils soloient prendre le dit an vintisme et devant, a grant damage des grantz et empovericement des touz ceux de la dite commune, dont il estoit prie par mesme le commune de remedie ; par quoi en mesme le parlement, par assent des Prelatz [etc.], illoques assemblez, por refreyndre la malice des ditz servantz sont ordenes et estables les choses suzescriptz, c'est assavoir : [A schedule of wages follows\ V. Item que les ditz seneschalx, baillifs et conestables des dites villes, soient sermentez devant meismes les justices d'enquere diligeaument, par totes les bones voies q'ils purront, de touz ceux qi vendront contre ceste ordinance, et de certifier meismes les justices de lours nouns, a totes les foitz q'ils vendront en pays por faire lour sessions; issint qe les dites justices, ewe certificacion de meismes les seneschalx [etc.], des nouns de rebeaux, les facent attacher par lour corps, d'estre devant meismes les justices a respondre des tielx contemptz, issint q'ils facent fyn et raunceon au Roi en cas q'ils soient atteintz, et outre soient commandez a la prisone, a y demourer tanq'ils auront trove seurete de servir et prendre, et lour overeignes faire, et choses vendables vendre, en la manere avantdite ; et en cas qe nul de eux viegne contre son serement et de ceo soit atteint, eit la prisone de xl jours ; et si autrefoitz il soit convict, eit la prisone d'un quartier del an, issint qe a chescun foitz q'il trespas et soit convict, eit la penance au double: et qe meismes les justices enquergent, a chescune foitz q'ils vendront, des ditz seneschalx [etc.], s'ils eient fait bone et loiale certificacion ou nule concele par doun, procurement ou affinite, et les punir par fyn et raunceoun s'ils soient trovez coupables : et qe meismes les justices eient poair d'enquere et faire due punissement des ditz ministres, overours, laborers et autres servauntz queconques, et auxint des hostelers, herbergers et ceux qui vendent vitailles en retaille, et autres choses nient especifiez, si bien a la suite de partie come par presentement; et d'oier et terminer et mettre la chose en execucion par exigend apres le primer capias, si mestier soit, et de deputer autres souz eux, tantz et tielx come ils verront qe mielz soit, por la garde de meisme ceste ordinance; et qe ceux qi verront suir vers tielx servantz, overours et laborers, por excesse pris d'eux, et ils soient de ce atteintz a lour suite, q'ils puissent reavoir eel excess ; et en cas qe nul voudra suir por tiel excesse reavoir, adonques soit leve des ditz servantz [etc.'], et livre as coillours de la quinzisme, en alleggeance des villes ou tiel excesse fut pris [Statutes of the Realm, Vol. I. p. 311, 25 Edw. III.]
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Commission.
Edwardus, Dei gratia, etc. [as in No. 27], dilectis et fidelibus suis, Willelmo de Frome de Oldecastell et Hugoni de Monynton Salutem. Sciatis quod nos assignavimus vos et duos vestrum Justiciarios nostros ad ordinacionem et Statutum de operariis [etc.], in omnibus et singulis suis articulis in comitatu Herefordie, tam infra libertates quam extra, custodienda et custodiri facienda, et ad omnes illos qui contra formam eorundem invenientur in aliquo delinquentes castigandos et puniendos, prout secundum formam eorundem fuerit faciendum ; et ad inquirendum de vicecomitibus, senescallis, ballivis, ministris et aliis quibuscumque qui colore ordinacionis et statuti predictorum hujusmodi operarios, artifices et tintores ceperunt et eos per fines et redempciones ad usus suos proprios applicandum auctoritate sua propria, condicionibus in dictis ordinacione et statuto contentis non observatis, deliberarunt; et ad omnia et singula que contra formam ordinacionis et statuti predictorum in comitatu predicto, tam infra libertates quam extra, fuerint attemptata, tam ad sectam nostram quam aliorum quorumcumque, coram vobis conqueri vel prosequi volencium, audiendum et terminandum juxta vim et effectum ordinacionis et statuti predictorum, assignavimus vos et duos vestrum Justiciarios nostros ad omnia inditamenta et processus hujusmodi operarios, artifices et servitores tangencia coram Justiciariis nostris in eodem comitatu jam ultimo assignatis in hac parte et nondum terminata, que coram vobis venire faciemus, debito fine terminanda. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca, que vos vel duo vestrum ad hoc provideritis, et inditamenta predicta inspiciatis, et ea debita fine terminetis, et premissa omnia et singula audiatis et terminetis in forma predicta; facturi inde quod ad justiciarios pertinet, secundum vim et effectum ordinacionis et statuti predictorum; salvis nobis amerciamentis et aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. Mandamus enim vicecomiti nostro comitatus predicti quod ad certos dies et loca, que vos vel duo vestrum ei scire faciatis, venire faciat coram vobis vel duobus vestrum tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva sua, tam infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit et inquiri in premissis. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, secundo die Septembris, anno regni in Anglia vicesimo nono, regni nostri in Francia sextodecimo. [Assize Roll, 312, m. 1.] (c) Proceedings at Hereford under the StaUite of Labourers. (i) Original writ 0/Venire Facias requiring the attendance of all the local officers concerned. Pretextu cujus commissionis preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat coram nobis, apud Herefordiam, die Lune proxima post festum Nativitatis Beate Marie proximo futurum, viginti et quatuor probos et legales homines de quibuslibet civitate et hundredo tocius comitatus,
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constabularies et subconstabularios pads, ad audiendum et faciendum quod ex parte domini Regis eis esset injungendum. (it) Session of the Justices opened at Hereford. Placita coram Willelmo de Frome [etc.], justiciariis domini Regis ad ordinacionem et statutum de operariis et artificibus in comitatu Herefordie conservanda assignatis, apud Herefordiam, die Lune proxima post festum Nativitatis Beate Marie, anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii a conquestu vicesimo nono. (Hi) Judicial Writ (narrative) of Venire Facias to impanel a Jury. Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod venire faceret coram nobis hie ad hunc diem viginti probos et legales homines de quibuslibet civitate et hundredo tocius comitatus, constabularies et subconstabularios pacis, ad audiendum et faciendum quod ex parte domini Regis eis esset injungendum. (iv) Return by the Sheriff. Et modo vicecomes respondet quod mandatum istud in omnibus est executum. (v) Presentment of the Jury. Herefordia. Juratores presentant quod Johannes Monyword de Herefordia, textor, cepit de Johanne Spicer, de eadem, excessum pro artificio suo, anno xxviij°, videlicet pro ulna ij d. obolum, et quod est communis captor excessus Nicholaus le Webbe, textor, Robertus Plassh, textor [and eight other textores] ceperunt plus pro artificio suo contra ordinacionem [etc.], quam capere solebant annis regni Regis Edwardi tercii xx et xxj, et sunt communes et notorii captores excessus [other cases follow], (vi) Judicial Writ (narrative) of Venire Facias to procure the appearance of the parties presented. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod venire faciat omnes prenominatos artifices, operarios et servitores coram no'bis hie, die Martis sequente, ad respondendum domino Regi de excessibus et transgressionibus predictis. (vii) Appearance and Pleadings. Et omnes predicti textores, fullones et carpentarii gratis veniunt; et allocuti qualiter se velint acquietare de excessibus et transgressionibus de quibus indictati sunt, ut patet supra, excessus non dedicunt, sed petunt se admitti in graciam domini Regis. (vizi) Judgment. Et admissi sunt ad finem faciendum etc. Plegii definibus[etc.]. H.
F.
11.
12
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iix) Writ of Certiorari. Edwardus, Dei gratia, Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus Hibernie, dilectis et fidelibus suis Willelmo Frome et sociis suis ad statuta de artificibus, laboratofibus et servientibus ac de ponderibus et mensuris abusis edita conservanda in comitatu Herefordie, assignatis, Salutem. Cum certis de causis per breve nostrum vobis mandaverimus quod execucioni commissionis nostre vobis de premissis facte ulterius faciende supersederetis, vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quod omnia recorda, rotulos, memoranda et processus, sessiones vestras de premissis tangencia, nobis in Cancellariam nostram citra quindenam Sancti Hillarii proximo futuram vel in eadem quindena ad ultimum, mittatis et hoc breve. Et hoc sub pena centum librarum nullatenus omittatis. Teste Thoma, filio nostro carissimo, custode Anglie, apud Westmonasterium, quinto die Novembris, anno regni nostri Anglie tricesimo tercio, regni vero nostri Francie, vicesimo. [Assize Roll, Hereford, 312 (29-31 Edw. Ill) {ed. B. H. Putnam, 'Statute of Labourers', p. 173* sq.).] 68. The Inquisitions of Depopulation (1517-18). (i) Proceedings taken in the year 1517. (a) The Act of Parliament (7 Henry VIII c. i.). Th' act avoidyng pullyng down of Tounes. The King our Soveraigne Lord callyng to his most blessid remembraunce that where greate ynconvenyentes be and dayly encrease by desolacion, pollyng doune and destruction of houses and tounes wythin this realme and leyng to pasture londes which customably have bene manured and occupyed wyth tyllage and husbandry, wherby Idelnes doth encrease; for where in somme oon toune CC persons, men and women and children, and their auncestours oute of tyme of mynde were daylye occupied and lyved by sowyng of come and greynes, bredyng of catall and other encrease necessarye for manys sustenance, and now the seid persons and their progenys be mynysshed and decreasyd, wherby the husbandry which is the greatyst commodite of this realme for sustenance of man ys greatly decayed....Wherfore the Kyng our Soveraigne Lord, by th'advyse and assent of the Lordes Spirituall and Temporall and the Commons in this present parliament assembled and by th'auctorite of the same, ordeynyth stablyssheth and enacteth, that all suche townes, villages, borrowes and hamlettes, tythynges, houses and other enhabitations in any paryshe or parysshes wythin this realme, wherof the more part, the first daye of this present parliament, was or were used and occupied to tillage and husbandrye by the owner or owners therof for their synguler profit, availe and lucre, wylfully, syth the said first daye, be or hereafter shalbe suffred or caused to fall doune and decaye, wherby the husbandry of the said tounes, vyllages, boroughs, hamlettes, tythynges, houses and enhabita-
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tions and parysshes wythin this realme bene or hereafter shalbe decaied and tourned from the seid use and occupacyon of husbandry and tyllage into pasture, shalbe by the seid ouner or ouners, their heires, successours or assignes or other for theym, within oon yere next after such wylful decaie, reedified and made ageyn mete and convenyent for people to dwelle and enhabite in the same, and to have use and therin to exercyse husbandry and tyllage, as att the seid fyrst day of this present parliament or sythyn was there used, occupied and hadde, after the maner and usage of the countrey where the seid lond lyeth, at the costes and charges of the same ouner or ouners, their heires, successours or assignes. And yf, sythyn the seid first day of this present parliament, any landes which att the same first day or sythyn were commonly used in tyllage bene enclosed or frome hensforth shalbe enclosed and tourned only to pasture, wherby any house of husbondry wythin this Realme ys or shalbe hereafter decayed, that then all suche landes shalbe by the same ouner or ouners their heires, successours or assignes or other for them, wythin oone yere nexte ensueing the same decaye, putt in tyllage and exercysed, used and occupied in husbandry and tyllage, as they were the said first day of this present parliament or any tyme sythen, after the maner and usage of the country where suche land lyeth. And yf any person or persons do countrarye to the premysses or any of them, that then ytt be leafull to the Kyng, yf any suche landes or houses be holden of hym immediatlye, after office or inquisicion founden thereof comprehendyng the same mater of recorde, or to the Lordes of the fees, yf any suche landes or houses byn holden of theym immediatlie, withoute office or inquisicion therof hadde, to receyve yerely half the valewe of the yssues and profittes of any such landes wherof the house 01 houses of husbandry be nott so mayntenyd and sustayned. {Statutes of the Realm, III., p. 176.] (b) The Royal Commission of Inquisition (1517)Rex, dilectis et fidelibus suis Johanni Veysy, Decano Capelle nostre [and two other Commissioners], Salutem. Cum nuper retroactis temporibus diversi ligei nostri nee Deum aut regni nostri utilitatem et commodum seu ejusdem defensionem pre oculis habentes, nonnullas villas, hamilettas et alia loca infra hoc regnum nostrum Anglie, ubi multi subditorum nostrorum inhabitarunt et ibidem agriculturam et iconomiam annuatim et assidue frequentarunt ac excercerunt, cum sepibus et fossatis aliisque clausuris incluserunt, eosdemque subditos nostros inhabitantes a tenuris et firmis suis expulerunt et ejecerunt; ac ambitus domorum, villarum et hamilettarum predictarum necnon campos et terras infra eadem in pasturam et greges ovium aliorumque animalium, propter privatum eorum commodum et proficuum, illuc depascendos reduxerunt; et quosdam magnos campos pasturamque et boscum eorundem in grandes et latos parcos, et quosdam in augmentationem parcorum ad feras ibidem solummodo depascendas, imparcarunt, per quod ipsa ville, hamilette et loca non modo in 12-
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desolacionem sed etiam domus et edificia eorundem in tantam ruinam perducta sunt ut nullum impresentiarum superest vestigium eorundem; atque subditi nostri qui dicta loca inhabitarunt et ibidem agriculturam ac iconomiam frequentarunt et excercerunt modo ad otium, que est noverca virtutum, reducti sunt et indies otiosi degunt et gramina ac catallorum procreatio que per eosdem agricolas et iconomos, inhabitantes in ipsis villis hamilettis et locis, ad humanam sustentationem procreata et nutrita fuerunt, subtracta et ab eisdem locis prorsus evacuata existunt; Ecclesieque et capelle inibi sanctificate destructe, divinaque servicia ibidem sublata, animarumque Christianorum ibidem sepultorum memoria prorsus et omnino deleta, quamplurimaque alia dampna inestimabilia inde accrescunt et indies infuturum accrescent, in maximam desolationem et dispendium regni nostri subditorumque nostrorum diminutionem, nisi remedium oportunum pro eorundem reformatione citius et maturius adhibeatur. Nos, sicut ex debito tenemur, predicta reformare cupientes, ac de eisdem certiorari volentes que et quot ville et hamilette ac quot domus et edificia a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni illustrissimi domini Henrici nuper Regis Anglie septimi, patris nostri precarissimi, quarto, prosternuntur, et quot et quante terre que tune in cultura erant, et jam in pasturam concluduntur et convertuntur, necnon quot et quanti parci pro feris nutriendis citra idem festum imparcantur. Et que terre aliquibus parcis vel alicui parco, qui tune fuerint aut fuerit pro ampliatione et elargatione hujusmodi parcorum, includuntur. Assignavimus igitur vos et duos vestrum ad inquirendum, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatibus [Oxonie, Berkesire, Warwicsire, Leycestresire, Bedfordesire, Bukinghamsire et Norhantesire], tarn infra libertates quam extra, ac aliis viis, modis et mediis quibus melius sciveritis aut poteritis, que et quot ville, etc. [as above] et per quos vel per quern, ubi, quando, qualiter, et quomodo; ac de aliis articulis et circumstanciis premissa qualitercumque contravenientibus (sic) plenius veritatem, secundum tenorem et effectum quorundam Articulorum in quadam billa specificatorum hiis presentibus annexa. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod circa premissa diligenter intendatis ac ea faciatis et exequamini cum effectu. Mandamus autem tenore presentium vicecomitibus nostris comitatuum predictorum quod ad certos dies et loca, quos eis scire faciatis, venire faciant coram vobis vel duobus vestrum tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva sua per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit et inquiri. Et quid feceritis in premissis nobis in Cancellariam nostram a die Sancti Michaelis proximo futura in tres septimanas certificetis unacum hac commissione. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xxviij die Maii. [9 Henry VIII.] [Patent Roll, 9 Hen. VIII, pt. 2, m. 6 d. {Domesday of Enclosures, Royal Hist. Soc, Vol. I, p. 81).] (c) The A rtides of Inquisition (1517). First ye shall enquire, what townes, villages and hamyletts have been dekeyed and leied down by enclosers into pastures, withynne the
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shires conteyned in your commyssion, syth the iiijthyereof thereigne of King Henry the vijth ? Item, what londe was thanne in tillage at the tyme of the saide inclosure and what was than in pasture ? Item, how many plowes by reason of the same enclosure be leide downe ? Item, how many meses, cotages and dwelling howses be fall[en] in dekay and th'enhabitants of the same be departed from their habitacion there by reason of the same inclosure ? Item, by whome the same inclosures were made, and how long agon, and yf they were made withynne the said tyme ? Item, who now hath the state of enheritaunce and the profits of the same inclosure ? Item, how many new parks be now made sithen the saide tyme ? Item, what erible lande at the tyme of the makyng of the saide parks were imparked withyn the same ? Item, how many plowes, howses and inhabitacions be dekeyed by imparkyng of the saide grounde ? Item, how many parks withynne the saide shire be enlarged syth the said tyme and how moche of the same grounde was than erable and put in tillage ? Item, how many plowes, howses and inhabitacions be dekeyed by reason of the saide imparkyng ? Item, what fermes of erible lande and pasture be taken by gentilmen withynne the saide shier, and by reason thereof how many plowes be dekeyed and leied downe, and what howses and inhabitacions be desolate by reason of the same, and what people be now lesse there inhabiting] then were afore the saide ferme taking ? [Chanc. Miscellanea, Bdle 7, File 2 (5), m. 1.] (d)
The Inquisition for Northampton (1517) Sir Richard Knyghtle/s case. [Norhantesira. Inquisicio indentata capta apud Northamptonam in predicto comitatu Norhantesire decimo die Augusti, anno regni Regis Henrici Octavi decimo, coram Johanne Veisy, clerico, decano Capelle domini Regis [and three others\Com.va[ss\omxi\s predicti domini Regis pretextu Litterarum Patencium ejusdem domini Regis eisdem Decano [etc.] et aliis in eisdem litteris patentibus nominatis directarum et uni parti presentis Inquisicionis consutarum, ad inquirendum persacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de predicto comitatu Northamptonesire inter alios plenius veritatem de et super certis Articulis in predictis litteris patentibus specificatis, per sacramentum Johannis Moulesworth gentilman [and thirteen others'] proborum et legalium hominum de eodem comitatu Norhantesire, et deinde requestu et assensu juratorum eorumdem, pro eo quod ipsi de Articulis per eos inquirabilibus et presentandis de veredicto suo reddendo adtunc non fuerunt parati, usque quintum diem Octobris tune proximo sequentem apud Northamptonam predictam in
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eodem comitatu Norhantesire adjornatis, adtunc et ibidem coram prefato Abbate 1et Rogero Wygston acceptis. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum] quod Ricardus Knyghtley, miles, nuper fuit et adhuc existit seisitus in dominico suo, ut de feodo, de septem mesuagiis duobus cotagiis et ducentis acris et dimidia terre arabilis annuatim arrature et culture usitatis et aptis, et cum mesuagiis illis ante tune usualiter locatis et dimissis, scilicet, cum quolibet mesuagio eorundem mesuagiorum viginti acris terre arrabilis inde ad minus, in hameletto vocato Snottescombe, in parochia de Evertone, in comitatu predicto; et sic inde seisitus, quarto decimo die Februarii, anno regni domini Henrici, nuper Regis Anglie septimi, patris nostri, vicesimo quarto, predicta mesuagia et cotagia ad terram prosterni et devastari fecit, terrasque predictas ab usu cultus et iconomie pro granis ibidem seminandis in pasturam ovium et aliorum animalium convertit, et illis sic extunc hucusque usus est et tenet, per quod septem aratra deponuntur et quinquaginta persone que in mesuagiis predictis adtunc moram traxerunt et circa culturam et iconomiam illas ante predictum quartum decimum diem Februarii sufficienter occupati, a mansionibus suis predictis recesserunt et in otium producuntur, contra formam Statuti in Parliamento dicti nuper Regis, apud Westmonasterium, 2 anno regni sui quarto tento, inde editi et provisi . Et Juratores dicunt quod prefatus Ricardus Knyghtley, miles, fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo de decem mesuagiis et ducentis et sexaginta acris terre, parcellis manerii et ville de Plompton in comitatu predicto, de quibus quidem manerio et villa de Plompton Radulphus Rodys clericus nuper fuit seisitus in dominico suo; et sic seisitus manerium illud dedit prefato Ricardo et Johanne uxori ejus, habendum eis et heredibus de corpore ipsius Johanne procreatis. Et predicti Ricardus et Johanna sic inde seisiti existentes undecimo die Octobris anno regni nostri sexto predicta decem mesuagia, duo cotagia, et ducentas acras terre arabilis in Plompton predicta sepibus et fossato includi fecerunt, et terras illas in pasturam animalium converti; necnon iidem Ricardus et Johanna uxor ejus, in forma predicta sic inde seisiti existentes, primo die Octobris anno regni nostri septimo omnia predicta decem mesuagia et duo cotagia, preter duo mesuagia in quorum uno Robertus Walcott nuper mansit, et altero inde Johannes Reve nuper mansit, voluntarie destrui et devastari fecerunt. ita quod iconomia nee usus culture, sive aliqua habitacio in octo mesuagiis predictorum decem mesuagiorum sustentari neque 3 manuteneri potest, contra formam statuti predicti . [Incujus rei testimonium tarn sigilla predictorum AndreeWyndesore et Rogeri Wygston Commissionariorum uni parti presentis Inquisicionis, cum predicto Nicholao Wakelyn primo juratorum predictorum 1
The heading of the Inquisition recovered from the unpublished Inquisition in Chan. Misc. 7/2 (3) ends here. 2 The first fragment of the Inquisition of 1517 in Sir Richard Knyghtley's case (recovered from the Exch. R~. R. Memoranda Roll) ends here. 3 The second fragment of the Inquisition of 1517 in this case (recovered from the same record) ends here. See also below (g) and (h).
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remanenti, quam sigilla predictorum juratorum alteri inde prefate parti, Commissionariis per ipsos juratores deliberate, presentibus appensa [sunt]. Data apud castrum Northamptone in predicto comitatu Norhantesire, predicto terciodecimo die Augusti, anno regni Regis Henrici Octavi nono supradicto1.] \K. R. Memoranda Roll, No. 299, m. 14.] (ii) Proceedings taken in the year 1518. (e) Proclamation (12 July, 1518) against Inclosures. xij die Julii anno xm° Regis Henrici viij Redditum fuit Judicium subscriptum per Reverendum in Christo patrem Thoinam Cardinalem Eboracensem Archiepiscopum, Cancellarium Anglie, et de ejus mandato in plena curia Cancellarie publice et solempniter proclamatum fuit, etc. It is decreed and adjudged by the moost reverent fader in God, my Lord Cardinall, Chauncellor of Englande, and the Courte of the Kingys Chauncerie: That all maner of persons that hathe pleted the Kingys generall pardon or submitted them selffs to the Kingys mercy and grace for enclosures; that thei within xl li daies nexte after this present proclamation made, pull down and lay abrode all suche enclosures and diches whiche were made and don sithen the firsteyere of the Reigne of our late souveraigne Lord King Henry the Seventh. And the lande so layde abrode to converte to tyllage as it was used before the said first yere, upon payne to every such personne doing contrairie hereunto, to forfaicte unto the King our souveraigne lord c /. Except he or thei whiche shall not pull down the said closure for ther part within the tyme above prefixed shall bring sufficient prove before the King in his Chauncerye, at the quindena of Seint Mighel nexte convenyent, that suche enclosur and the standing of the same shalbe more beneficiall for the common welth of this realme then the pulling doune theroff, or that it may stande with the lawes and statutys again the decaye of houses and turnyng of tyllage to pastoure heretofore provided. T. Cardinalis Ebor. [State Papers, Henry VIII, II, Appx. 53 {Domesday of Enclosures, P- 477)1 (f1) Further Commission of Enquiry (1518)2. [Henricus Dei Gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et] 3 Dominus Hibernie dilectis sibi in Christo, Johanni Veysy clerico, Decano Capelle nostre, Abbati Sancti Jacobi, Rogero Lupton clerico, ac dilectis et fidelibus suis Henrico Willoughby militi, Willelmo Rede militi, Johanni Digby...4, Rogero Wiggeston et Johanni Hales, Salutem. Sciatis 1 The datal clause of the Inquisition for Northampton (1517) has been recovered from the Chanc. Misc. 7/2 (3). 2 This original and unique Commission is badly injured by damp. 3 4 Hiatus in MS. supplied. Hiatus in MS.
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quod assignavimus vos, decem, novem, septem, sex, quinque, quatuor, tres et duos vestrum, quorum aliquem vos prefati Johannes Veysy, Rogere Wiggeston et Johannes Hales unum esse volumus [Comrhissionarios nostros 1in comitatibus Warwicsire, Leicestresire, Norhantesire, Derbeie,] Oxonie, Bukingehamsire et Bedefordsire et in civitate Coventrie ad inquirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum eorundem comitatuum, et aliis viis, modis et mediis quibus sciveritis aut poteritis plenius veritatem, que et quot domus2 et edificia cum quibus vel quo viginti acre terre ad minus aut... jacentes tercio decimo die Januarii anno regni precarissimi patris nostri Henrici nuper Regis Anglie septimi primo, vel aliquo tempore postea ad firmam tradita vel per proprietarios inde occupata prosternuntur sive in totali decasu 2 aut ruina jam existunt. Ita quod occasione eorundem decasus... ut antea fieri solebant manutenere et sustentare non possunt. Necnon quot, quante, et que acre terre, que in cultura tune erant et nunc in pasturam animalium convertuntur; ac quot domus et edificia ad que pro usu culture sive iconomie quinto die Februarii anno...2 similiter prosternuntur sive in decasu et ruina fieri permittuntur. Ac quot, quante, et que terre, que predicto quinto die Februarii vel postea in iconomiam2 colebantur, includuntur sive in pasturam animalium convertuntur... sive iconomia prius usitata prosternitur aut in decasu vel ruina jam existit et per quern vel per quos, ubi, quando, qualiter et quo modo, et quis vel qui terras et tenementa ilia modo tenent, et per qualem statum, ac quantum terre et tenementa ilia valent per annum, et de quibus terre et tenementa ilia immediate...2 nos et eorundem terr[arum] et ten[ementorum] tenentes. Et quis vel qui exitus et proficua a tempore hujusmodi prostracionis, decasus, ruine sive inclus[i] predict[arum] terr[arum] et ten[ementorum] hucusque percepit et habuit, perceperunt et habuerunt. Et ad quorum vel cujus2 ac ad quod dampnum hujusmodi decasus et ruina domorum... existunt. Et de quantis denariorum summis proprietarii premissorum vel alicujus inde parcelle, aut aliquarum aliarum firmarum in annuo valore aut aliter, post predictum tercium decimum diem Januarii, appruaverunt, aut quanti2 annui redditus incrementum eis inde provenit, ac quomodo, quando... que premissorum contra formam aliquorum statutorum in ea parte editorum facte sunt. Ac etiam quis numerus personarum seu agricolarum occasione predicta occupacionibus et mansionibus carent et de eisdem expellebantur; ac quot aratra deserta seu diminuta ea occasione existunt. Et de omnibus [aliis Articulis] ..? premissa [etc.] qualitercumque concernentibus. Etideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca, quos vos, decem [etc.], vestrum, quorum [etc.]..} diligenter super premissis faciatis inquisiciones, et eas distincte et aperte factas nobis in Cancellariam nostram in crastino Animarum, ubicumque tune fuerit, sub sigillis vestris decem [etc.] et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint, sine dilacione [mittatis.] [Mandamus autem] tenore presencium, vicecomitibus [etc.] quod ad certos diem et loca [etc.], venire faciant coram vobis tam omnes ballivos [etc.], 1
Hiatus in MS. supplied.
2
Hiatus in MS.
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per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. Volentes insuper et mandantes quod tarn in singulis sessionibus vestris et locis inquisitionum vestrarum capiendarum, quam per predictos vicecomites et eorum quemlibet in singulis locis ubi... 1 ministros nostros ex parte nostra publice proclamari faciatis in hec verba:—Forasmoche as hit is commyn to the knowliche of oure soverayne lord the kyng and his moste honorable Counceile that by occasion of pullyng downe and wilfull wast and decaye of houses and buyldings [etc.] contrary to his lawes and comen wele of this his Realme and ageyn th'effectes and true ententes of good estatutes in that cases heretofore provyded and made...1 Oure saide soverayne lord by the advyce of his most honorable Counceill willyng [etc."] hath deputed aswell in this Countie as in other Counties of this his Realme certeyn discrete his Comyssioners to enquyre as well by enquestis before them...1 What houses and buyldynges wherewith twenti acres of land or more lyeng in tillage or husbondry were leten to ferme or occupied the xiijth day of January the firste yere of the reigne1 of his dere father kyng Henry the vijth, or at any tyme sithen, ben... [Other articles follow], Wherfore yf any persone or persons will enfourme the saide Commyssioners or the 1 the same person saide enquestes before them to be charges for the... or persons...1 repaire and appere unto and before the saide Commyssioners or enquestis at the dayes and places appoynted for the saide enquerreys to be made where they shalbe indifferently and quyetly herde, so that therby the trouthe in the premisses may be knowen and reformacion2 therupon to be provided. Damus autem universis et singulis majoribus [etc.], tenore presencium firmiter in mandatis quod vobis [etc.]. In cujus rei [etc.]. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium vicesimo primo die Julii, anno regni nostri decimo. [Chan. Miscellanea, Bdle 7 No. 2 (4), m. 44]. (/ 2 ) The Official Return Endorsed on the above Commission. Excellentissimo principi domino nostro Henrico Regi infrascripto, in Cancellaria sua ad diem infracontentam, ubicumque [etc.]. Nos infranominati Decanus Rogerus Wiggeston et Johannes Hales certificamus quod nos simul cum quibusdam aliis de infranominatis Commissionariis, pretextu et virtute presentis Commissionis, inquiri fecimus in forma infraspecificata in infrascriptis comitatibus Warwicsire [etc. as above] per sacramentum proborum et legalium de eisdem comitatibus et civitate, separatim coram nobis et aliis de infranominatis Commissionariis, sicut in Inquisitionibus inde factis et presentibus annexatis specificatur. Inquisicionesque ille patent in quatervingenti et duabus cedulis sive scriptis indentatis presenti Commissioni affilatis. Et similiter pretextu istius Commissionis duas separates juratas, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de infrascripto comitatu Notyngham, apud Notyngham, in forma debita onerari fecimus, quibus, ad eorum requestum, certa dies data fuit de infracontentis inquirendis; tamen propter temporis brevitatem inter diem capcionis earundem 1
Hiatus in MS.
2
Hiatus in MS. supplied.
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juratarum [etc.]. Ita quod illud veredictum in scriptis indentatis, juxta formam statuti inde editi et provisi, ponendum et inferendum, se preparare et veredictum suum inde reddere non potuerunt, per quod... Inquisiciones in eodem comitatu Notyngham pretextu hujus Commissionis ad diem infracontentum certificare non possimus, proclamari coram fecimus in forma infraspecificata in singulis sessionibus nostris in comitatu et civitate infracontentis. Et quoad Inquisiciones et rei veritatem de interius inquirabilibus et aliis viis modis et mediis coram in singulis comitatibus et civitate infrascriptis, per nos predictos Decanum Rogerum & Johannem Hales similiter cum certis aliis Commissionariis infrascriptis captas, declaracio, certitudo et inde rei veritas, modo et forma quibus nobis et ceteris infranominatis Commissionariis datum fuit intelligi et informari, continentur in aliis cedulis similiter huic Commissioni consutis. Liberatum fuit Curie unacum omnibus et singulis Inquisicionibus presenti Commissioni annexatis vj'° die Novembris, anno infrascripto, per manus Johannis Halys. [Chan. Misc. Bundle y, No. 2 (4), m. 44 d.] (g)
The Inquisition for Northampton (1518) Sir Richard Knyghtley's case. [Inquisitio capta apud Northamptonam in predicto comitatu Northantesire decimo die Augusti, anno regni Regis Henrici octavi decimo, coram Johanne Veysey clerico tune decano Capelle nostre [etc.] Commissionariis predicti domini Regis pretextu Literarum Patentium eisdem directarum et in Cancellaria Regis retornatarum...1.] Per sacramentum [etc.]. Qui dicunt [etc.] quod Ricardus Knyghtley miles fuit seisitus de septem mesuagiis, duobus cotagiis, ducentis acris terre in Snottescombe predicta in dominico suo ut de feodo, videlicet de uno messuagio vocato Bodyngtons House et sexaginta acris terre eidem mesuagio pertinentibus, et sic inde seisitus, dicto quartodecimo die Februarii, dicto anno dicti nuper Regis vicesimo quarto, predictas sexaginta acras terre ab usu iconomie in pasturam animalium convertit; et quod predictum mesuagium ab anno primo predicti nuper Regis Henrici septimi hucusque bene et sufficienter reparatum est et fuit pro manutenentia agriculture et seminacionis granorum; et quod predictus Ricardus fuit seisitus de alio mesuagio vocato Clerkes House et quadringinta acrarum terre eidem mesuagio pertinentium; et similiter de alio mesuagio vocato Everdon House, et sexaginta et decem acrarum terre arabilis eidem mesuagio pertinentium; que duo mesuagia, ante predictum primum annum regni predicti patris nostri, pro habitacione agriculture et iconomia manutenenda minus sufficienter fuissent; ad quam diem idem Ricardus predicta duo mesuagia vocata Clerkys House et aliud vocatum Everdon House in ruinam fore permisit, et totam terram 1 The heading of this Inquisition has been restored from the paraphrase preserved in the K. R. Memoranda Roll.
Political Inquisitions
\ 87
eisdem duobus mesuagiis pertinentem ab usu iconomie et seminacionis granorum in pasturam animalium convertebat. Et quoad residuum predictorum septem mesuagiorum et cotagiorum, videlicet Mychell House, Rysleys House et Alen House preantea locata, tradita et occupata fuerunt sub numero viginti acrarum et non ultra1. [K. R. Memoranda Roll, No. 299, m. 14.] (h)
Writ of Scire Facias for the offender's appearance in the Chancery with the Return (1518). Henricus etc. vicecomiti Norhantesire, Salutem. Cum per quandam Inquisitionem apud Northamptonam in comitatu predicto tertio decimo die Augusti ultimo preterito coram Johanne Veysey [etc.], Commissionariis nostris, pretextu Litterarum nostrarum Patentium eis confectis et directis ad inquirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto, inter alia, que et quot ville, domus et edificia a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni domini Henrici nuper Regis Anglie Septimi, patris nostri, quarto prosternuntur, et quot ac quante terre que tune in cultura erant et jam in pasturam convertuntur, et per quos vel per quem, ubi, quando, qualiter et quomodo, ac de aliis Articulis et circumstantiis premissa qualitercumque contravenientibus (sic) plenius veritatem, captam et in Cancellariam nostram retornatam inter alia sit compertum quod Ricardus Knyghtley, miles, nuper fuit et adhuc existit seisitus in dominico suo, ut de feodo, de septem mesuagiis [as above (d)] in hameletto vocato Snottyscombe [etc.], et sic inde seisitus ad terram prosterni et devastari fecit [etc.], per quod septem aratra [etc.]; et tenementa ilia valent per annum ultra reprisas decem et septem libras et de nobis tenentur de principalitate nostra Wallie: tibi precipimus quod scire facias prefato Ricardo Knyghtley quod sit coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra a die Pasche proximo futura in tres septimanas, ubicunque tune fuerit, ad ostendendum si quid pro se habeat vel dicere sciat quare medietas annui valoris exituum [et] proficuorum mesuagiorum, cotagiorum, terrarum, et tenementorum predictorum, cum pertinentiis, a predicto quartodecimo die Februarii usque nunc, et exnunc donee et quousque mesuagia predicta sufficienter reedificantur et reparantur, nobis responderi non debeat, juxta vim, formam et effectum cujusdam Actus in Parliamento dicti nuper Regis patris nostri apud Westmonasterium, anno regni sui quarto, tento, in hujusmodi casu editi et provisi, et ad faciendum ulterius et recipiendum quod curia nostra consideravit in hac parte. Et habeas ibi nomina illorum per quos ei scire feceris et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xxiiij die Februarii, anno regni nostri nono. [Endorsed:—] Willelmus Parr, miles. Virtute istius brevis michi directi [scire feci Ricardo Knyghtley infranominato2] quod sit coram domino Rege in Cancellaria sua a die 1 As no original Inquisitions for Northampton exist for the Commission of 1518 the datal clause cannot be supplied though it probably resembled that of 1517 (above d). 3 The Record is mutilated.
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Pasche infra nominata proximo futura in tres septimanas, ubicunque tune fuerit, ad ostendendum quod istud breve inde exigit et requirit; per Thomam Broke, Johannem Symour, Edwardum Charnok et Willelmum Talle, probos et legales homines de comitatu et hundredo. [Chancery Common Law Pleadings, Rolls Chapel Series.
Bdle 28,
File 6, m. 22.] (£) Answer of Sir Richard Knyghtley in Chancery. Johannes Ernie, pro domino Rege, dicit quo[a]d predictum unum mesuagium et quinquies viginti acras terre vocatum Bodyngtons, quod dictus Ricardus domus et edificia mesuagii illius ad terram prosterni et devastari fecit, et tempore Inquisitionis predicte prostrata et devastata fuerunt, prout per Inquisitionem, etc. Et hoc petit quod inquiratur per patriam...et predictus Ricardus similiter. Et quoad placitum predictum...1 ad duo mesuagia vocata Everdone et Clerks, predictus Johannis Ernele dicit quod placitum illud minus sufficiens existit, ad quod dominus Rex non debet nee tenetur per legem terre respondere, unde petit judicium. Et quoad tria alia mesuagia vocata Rusleys, Ryselep et Aleyns, idem Johannes dicit quod tempore Inquisitionis predicte per tres annos tune proxime precedentes et abinde hue usque, xix acre terre arabilis cum quolibet mesuagio predictorum...1 usualiter dimisse et locate fuerunt, prout per Inquisitionem inde compertum existit. Et quod habet unum aliud mesuagium in Snotescombe predicto cum quo xx acre terre usualiter locate et dimisse fuerunt, prout per Inquisitionem inde compertum existit. Et hoc pro eodem domino Rege petit quod inquiratur per patriam. Et predictus Ricardus Knyghtley similiter. Johannes Ernele. [Ibid. m. 23.] (/)
Proceedings in the Exchequer on a Writ of Supersedeas in this case (1519). Dominus Rex mandavit hie breve suum sub Magno Sigillo suo Thesaurario et Baronibus hujus Scaccarii directum. Cujus quidem brevis tenor sequitur in hec verba: Henricus [etc. as in No. 27], Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario, Salutem. Cum nuper pendente placito coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra inter nos et Ricardum Knyghtley, militem, de medietate exituum et proficuorum septem mesuagiorum duorum cotagiorum et ducentarum acrarum et dimidie terre arabilis a quartodecimo die Februarii anno regni domini Henrici, nuper Regis Anglie, septimi, patris nostri, vicesimo quarto, crescente, que, pretextu cujusdam Inquisicionis [etc. as above (d)]. Et super hoc prefatus Ricardus coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra predicta personaliter constitutus, vicesimo septimo die Novembris ultimo preterito recognovit se debere nobis centum libras solvendas ad certum diem in dicta recognicione speci1
Illegible.
Political Inquisitions
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ficatum, sub tali condicione, quod idem Ricardus reedificaret aut reedificare faceret omnia et singula mesuagia versus ipsum in dicta prima Inquisicione comperta esse fore vastata, et sepes eorundem deponet, necnon terre ibidem ab usu seminacionis granorum per ipsum Ricardum aut tenentes suos in pasturam animalium converse, in culturam et usum iconomie citra festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli tune proximo futurum redigeret. Idem Ricardus juxta condicionem recognicionis predicte in Cancellaria nostra predicta sufficienter probavit ipsum omnia et singula in condicione recognicionis predicte contenta perimplesse et performasse, et hoc ante festum predictum. Ac pro eo quod similiter nobis constat quod dicta septem mesuagia [etc. as above (d)], in dicta prima Inquisicione specificata, et septem mesuagia [etc. as above (g)] in dicta secunda Inquisicione specificata, sunt eadem et non alia neque diversa. Nos nolentes ipsum Ricardum super hujusmodi Inquisicionibus indebite pregravari; et similiter cum per dictam primam Inquisicionem inter alia erat compertum quod prefatus Ricardus fuit seisitus in dominico suo, ut de feodo, de decem mesuagiis et ducentis et sexaginta acris terre, parcella manerii et ville de Plompton [etc. as above id)]. Et quia Rogerus Wigeston termino Sancti Michaelis, videlicet vicesimo quarto die Octobris ultimo preterito, coram reverendissimo in Christo patre, domino Cardinale Eboracensi, Cancellario Anglie, in plena curia dicte Cancellarie in fide sua retulit quod predictus Ricardus bene et sufficienter reparavit et reedificavit omnia predicta mesuagia in Plompton et Snottescombe predictis, que per dictas Inquisiciones comperta fuerunt esse vastata et ruinosa, et terras ibidem et agriculturam pro seminacione granorum convertit, et hoc citra dictum festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli ultimo preterito. Nos nolentes ipsum Ricardum super hujusmodi Inquisicionibus indebite pregravari, vobis mandamus quod cuicumque processui sive demande, tam prefato Ricardo quam nunc vicecomiti aut nuper vicecomiti comitatus predicti, seu eorum alicui, ad respondendum nobis, tam de medietate [etc.] dictorum septem mesuagiorum [etc.] in dicta prima Inquisicione, quam de medietate [etc.] dictorum septem mesuagiorum [etc.] in dicta secunda Inquisicione specificatorum; necnon de medietate [etc.] octo mesuagiorum [etc.] in Plompton in dicta prima Inquisicione specificatorum; seu ad computandum de exitibus et proficuis eorundem nobis a predicto festo Sancti Michaelis hucusque crescentibus sive emergentibus per summonicionem, processum, sive oneracionem Scaccarii nostri facta vel fienda extunc usque nunc, et exnunc donee aliud a nobis habueritis in mandatis, supersedeatis omnino. Salva nobis medietate tam exituum [etc.] dictorum mesuagiorum [etc.] in dicta secunda Inquisicione specificatorum quam mesuagiorum [etc.] in Plompton a tempore decasus et mine mesuagiorum illorum usque dictum festum Sancti Michaelis nobis spectantium sive emergentium. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, viij die Novembris, anno regni nostri undecimo. Tunstall. [Exch. K. R. Memoranda Roll, 299, m. 14.]
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Petition of Sir R. Knyghtly in Chancery for the benefit of the Statutory Pardon [? 1519]. To the moste Reverent Father in Gode Thomas Cardynalle Archebushop of York and Chaunceler of Englonde. In the most humble wysse shewyth unto your grace Sir Richard Knyghttley of your Counte of Northampton, knyght, that where as hit was founde by Inquisicion in the said Counte, and nowe in your Chauncere of Recorde remaynyng, that the said Sir Richarde hathe pulled downe and wasted vij messez, ij cotagez, and cc acrez and a half of arrable londes belongyng to the said howsez, to the yerly walue of xxij /., hathe leed to pasture, and them converted from tyllage, that is to sey, with every howse xx li acres of londe at the lest, in a hamlet called Snotyscombe in the parishes of Everdon in the said Counte. The said Richard seyth that one of the said howsez, called Bodyngtons housse, nowe is and hathe ever byn syne the makyng of the Statute of anno quarto of Henry the vijth sufficiently repeyred for the mayntenaunce of tyllage for a C acrez of londe belongyng to the said howse; and as to thre other howsez of the said vij howsez, the said Sir Richard seyth that they and every of them have ever ben vsed to be let, set and occupyed vnder the noumber of xx li acrez, that liis to sey with xvj acrez at the moste, and not with the noumber of xx as hit is founde by the said Inquisicion. And so the said thre howsez be dekeyed for by cause they hade not londe sufficient to meynteyne them with. And as to the said two Cottagez, the said Sir Richard seythe that ther was no londe belongyng to them as hit is founde in the said Inquisicion. And the said Sir Richard in his moste humble maner submyttyth hymselfe to be ordred and tryed in the premissez as hit shalle please the Kyngez highnesse and his moste honorable Counselle. And as to ij other howsez of the seid vij howsez the said Sir Richard seith that they were gretley in dekey before the seid Statute of anno quarto Henry the vijth. And as nowe they be wasted (k)
XX
and dekeyed and vij acrez and x leyde to pasture, parcelle of the said CC acrez and a halfe especyfied in the said Inquisicion. And so this be all the mesez and cotagez that have byn in tyme past in the said hamlet and by this peticioner relingquysith his travers and pie made for the avoydyng of part of his said Inquisicion and prayth the benefyte of the pardon by our Sovereign lorde nowe taste graunted as hit shalle plese his Grace for the discharge of his offencez. \_Common Law Pleadings (Chancery) Bdle 28, File 6, No. 24.] (iii) Subsequent proceedings in the above case (1526). (/) Writ of Inquisition. Henry the viijth by the grace of God of England and of Fraunce Kyng, Defender of the Faith and Lorde of Irelond, to our Shrieff
Political Inquisitions
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of our Countye of Northampton, Gretyng. We wolle and streytly command you that ye somon and warne all personnes whose names be expressyd in a scedule indentyd, to this precept annexyd. And yf they be ded or have sold or departyd with their estate and interest of and in meses, londes and tenementes in the townes in the said scedule expressyd, than to somon and warne the owners and possessors of the same yf they be within your baylywyke. And yf they be not, than to warn the farmers and occupiers of the same meses, londes and tenementes wherof the said persons now be or late were possessyd and seasyd in the said townes expressyd in the said scedule, commandyng theym in our name that they and every of theym, all excuses leyd aparte, personally doo appere afore Us in our Courte of Chauncere in Crastino Animarum next comyng after the date of these presentes, upon payne of a C /., there to aunswere as well for dekaying of houses of husbondrye with the londes to the said houses perteynyng contrarye to our lawes, as other thynges, as shalbe than and there objectyd and leyd ayenst theym on our behalf. And what ye shall doo in thys, ye to certyfye us in our said Courte in the said Crastino Animarum, with this our precept, not faylyng thus to doo at your perell. Yeven this vjth day of October, the xviijth yere of our raign. Witnessyng this our precept, the Reverend Fader in God John Bishop of Lincoln [and three others], our Commissioners, by our Commission to theym directyd auctorysyd to enquire for the forsaid dekayes with other Articles conteynyd in the same Commission. (m) The Inquisition. This scedule indentyd witnesseth that the Reverend Fader in God John, Bisshop of Lincoln [and three others], Commissioners to the King our soveraign Lorde within the Countie of Northampton to inquyre of all decayes of houses of husbondrye and of londes perteynyng to the same late from husbondrye into pasture of bestes converted, and other Articles in our Comyssion specifid and to them dyrectyd, have delyvered to Sir Water Mauntell, Knight, Shrife of the said shire, the names of thes parsons expressid in this scedule to be warned in maner and forme as in the forsaid precepte, wherunto this scedule ys annexid, more playnly dothe appere; the names of whiche parsons with the names of the towns where siche decayes of houses of husbondrye and the londes of the same from tillage into pasture of bestes converted hereafter doo folowe. The este parte The weste parte Abbot of Peturborough for Richard Knyghtley knyght such decaye. for like decay in Plumpton. [The names of other offenders follow.] [Chan. Miscellanea, Bdle 7, No. 2 (3) m. 6 & 7.]
D. JUDICIAL INQUISITIONS. The documents included in this section have been selected from several classes of Records with the sole object of illustrating the various types of judicial procedure in the form of Inquisitions as opposed to actual Pleadings. Even so, the selection is necessarily an arbitrary one, and special attention has naturally been given to the constitutional aspect of the subject. Perhaps the most important documents in this series are those connected with the Eyre, for judicial or fiscal business (Nos. 69—71). Of these the Old and New Chapters of the Eyre (No. 70 c and d) are derived from a manuscript source that is possibly unique, and it will be noticed that the sequence of documents given here includes, besides the abbreviated Chapters, extracts from the actual Presentments made before the justices. To these have been prefixed specimens of the instruments by which the Eyre was instituted and proclaimed (No. 70 a and b). It will be noticed that the conventional form of the ' Old Chapters of the Eyre' which may be found between 1194 and 1254 undergoes considerable change during the second half of the 13th century, and the connexion between this innovation and the Political Inquisitions of that period, beginning with the Hundred Rolls of 1255, has been referred to elsewhere1. A comparison on the one hand of the conventional ' Chapters of the Eyre2,' with the ' Chapters' printed below and, on the other hand, with the Articles of certain of the Political Inquisitions referred to (Nos. 56, 57, 58, 60) will be found instructive. These conventional forms of political or judicial presentment may be also adapted to some particular occasion, as in the case of the later Special Commissions of the Tudor period (No. 12) or the judicial commission printed below (No. 72) which has reference to certain statutes as well as to local requirements. It will be noticed that this document comes apparently from the same source as the' Chapters of 1 Above, p. 127 sq. This subject has been discussed at some length in Studies (pp. 300—303 and 318), where references are given to the several versions of these 'Chapters' that have been distinguished by legal antiquaries. 2 e.g. Bracton (Rolls), II. 240; Stat. of Realm, 1. 232 and 235.
Judicial Inquisitions
T93
the Eyre' for Surrey, a source which should be noted by local historians since there are no returns for this County amongst the Edwardian Hundred Rolls. It has been previously mentioned (pp. 2 and 128) that no clear division can be made between the classes of Ministerial and Judicial Records, and this observation is confirmed by the discovery amongst the Chancery Miscellanea of the original Inquisition which is recited in the Pleadings of a case1 recorded in the York Assize Roll (No. 73) and which has been already noted in another connexion (Nos. 37 and 46). The remaining documents printed below (Nos. 74—80) are of a more formal and commonplace nature, but here we notice another aspect of the judicial inquisition (No. 74) and a Special Commission (No. 75) not unlike the political enquiry into the judicial scandals of an earlier date (No. 63). The presentments of the Coroner's jury (No. 76) are also closely allied to the procedure of the Eyre. The Writ De odio et atia with its Return (No. yy) is given here as a good specimen of the class of 'Criminal Inquisitions' which has recently been differentiated. In the concluding numbers examples will be found of proceedings in specialized (No. 78) or local Courts (Nos. 79, 80).
69.
The Chapters of the Eyre {early form, 1194—5).
(a) The form ofprocedure. Forma qualiter procedendum est in placitis corone Regis. In primis eligendi sint quatuor milites de toto comitatu, qui, per sacramentum suum, eligant duos legales milites de quolibet hundredo vel wapentacco, et illi duo eligant, super sacramentum suum, decem milites de singulis hundredis vel wapentachis, vel, si milites defuerint, legales et liberos homines, ita quod illi xij in simul respondeant de omnibus capitulis de toto hundredo vel wapentacco. \_Hoveden, Chronicle (Rolls) Hi. 262.] {b)
The Chapters {Article 3).
Item de eschaetis, quae sint, et quae fuerint postquam Rex arripuit iter versus Jerusalem, et quae fuerint tune in manu Regis, et utrum sint modo in manu ejus, vel non, et de omnibus eschaetis domini Regis, si a manu sua sint remotae, quomodo, et per quern, et in cujus manus devenerint, et qualiter, et quis exitus inde habuerit, 1
H. F. II.
Cf. Madox, Exchequer, II. 27 and Drake, Eboracum, p. 325. 13
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et quos, et quid valuerint, et quid modo valeant, et si aliqua exchaeta sit, quae ad dominum Regem pertineat, que in manu ejus non sit. [Ibid. p. 263.] (c) The Presentment {Article 3). Wiltesira. Placita et Assise [coram Willelmo de Sancte Marie Ecclesia et Abbate de Malmesbiria et1 Ricardo de Heriet et Radulfo de Hardena et Toma de Husseburna... ]. Hundredum de Hegtretesburia.... De eskaetis. [Idem] dicunt quod terra Walteri de Dunstanvilla in Hectretesburia valuit xl /. quando Guido de Dive saisivit earn, et staurum cum cc ovibus et2 ij carucis et xij bobus et xvj porcis ; et ipse Guido cepit2 in[de]... lxij s. et xviij d. et de hundredo de Hokedai xj s. et ii]d.... Postea Wfillelmus] de Sancte Marie Ecclesia saisivit earn, et nunc valet, sine instauro, xxxiij /. [Curia Regis Rolls No. 3 rot. 4 d {Pipe R. Soc. Vol. XIV, p. 94).]
70.
The Old and New Chapters of the Eyre (21 Edward I),
(a) Commission of the Justices. Rex archiepiscopis [etc.], et omnibus aliis de comitatibus Surreie et Middelsexe, Salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus dilectos et fideles nostros Johannem de Berewyk, Willelmum de Bereford, Thomam de Normanville, • Johannem de Lythegreynes, et Hugonem de Cave, justiciaries nostros ad itinerandum ad communia placita hac vice in comitatibus predictis. Constituimus etiam eosdem justiciaries nostros ad audiendum et terminandum placita de libertatibus juxta provisionem et ordinacionem inde factas, et ad transgressiones et querimonias omnium conquerentium seu conqueri volentium, tarn de ballivis et ministris nostris quibuscunque, quam de ballivis et ministris aliorum et aliis quibuscunque, et ad quascunque querimonias audiendum et terminandum, et ad competentes emendas inde faciendas, secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri, et juxta ordinacionem per nos inde factam, et juxta tenorem statutorum nostrorum, et juxta Articulos eis inde traditos et nunciatos. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eisdem Johanni [etc.], tamquam justiciariis nostris itinerantibus, in omnibus que ad placita ilia pertinent, intendentes sitis et respondentes, sicut predictum est. In cujus [etc.], Teste Rege, apud Bristolliam, xxiij die Septembris. [21 Edward /.] [Pat. 21 Edw. I. m. 5 (Cal.p. 38).] 1 2
Cf. Pipe Roll Society vol. 14, xxi and 115. Hiatus in MS.
Judicial Inquisitions (b)
195
The ' Common Summons' of the Eyre.
Edvvardus Dei gratia Rex Anglie [etc.], vicecomiti Norhantesire1, Salutem. Summone per bonos summonitores, archiepiscopos [etc.], de comitatu tuo, et de qualibet villa quatuor legales homines et prepositum, et de quolibet burgo duodecim legales burgenses per totam ballivam tuam, et omnes illos qui coram justiciariis nostris itinerantibus venire solent et debent, quod sint apud Norhantonam in crastino Sancti Michaelis proximo fu,turo coram dilectis et fidelibus nostris Johanne de Vallibus et Willelmo de Saham et aliis fidelibus nostris, quos tune ibidem missuri sumus, audituros et facturos preceptum nostrum. Fac etiam venire coram eisdem fidelibus nostris omnia placita corone nostre que placitata non sunt, vel que emerserunt postquam justiciarii' ultimo itineraverunt in partibus illis, et omnia placita et omnia attachiamenta ad placita ilia pertinencia, et omnes assisas et omnia placita que posita sunt ad primam assisam coram justiciariis nostris cum brevibus assisarum illarum et placitorum. Ita quod assise ille et placita pro defectu tui vel summonitionis tue non remaneant. Fac etiam clamari et sciri per totam ballivam tuam, quod omnes assise et omnia placita que fuerunt atterminata et non finita, vel que fuerunt summonita coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium vel coram justiciariis nostris qui ultimo itineraverunt in comitatu predicto ad omnia placita, vel coram justiciariis nostris illuc missis ad assisas nove disseisine capiendas vel ad gaolam deliberandam, quod tune sint coram prefatis justiciariis nostris apud Norhantonam in eodem statu quo remanserunt per preceptum nostrum vel justiciariorum itinerantium, vel justiciariorum nostrorum de Banco. Summone etiam per bonos summonitores omnes illos qui vicecomites fuerunt post ultimam itineracionem justiciariorum in partibus illis, quod tune sint ibidem coram prefatis justiciariis nostris, cum brevibus et assisis et placitis que tempore suo receperunt, ad respondendum de tempore suo, sicut respondere debent coram justiciariis itinerantibus. Precipimus etiam tibi quod per totam ballivam tuam, videlicet, tarn in civitatibus et burgis quam in villis mercatoriis et alibi, proclamari facias quod omnes illi qui libertates aliquas per cartas predecessorum nostrorum Regum Anglie vel alio modo habere clamant, sint coram prefatis fidelibus nostris ad diem predictum, ad ostendendum cujusmodi libertates habere clamant, et quo waranto. Et tu ipse ibidem sis personaliter, una cum ballivis et ministris tuis, ad certiorandum ipsos fideles nostros super hiis et aliis negociis illud tangentibus. Precipimus etiam tibi quod puplice proclamari facias quod omnes conquerentes seu conqueri volentes, tarn de ballivis et ministris aliorum et aliis quibuscumque, veniant coram dictis fidelibus nostris ad predictos diem et locum, ad quascumque querimonias ibidem ostendendas, et ad competentes emendas inde recipiendas, secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri, et juxta ordinacionem nostram per nos inde 1 No writ for Surrey has been found on the Patent or Close Rolls for the 21st year of Edward I. 13—2
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factam, et juxta tenorem statutorum nostrorum, et juxta Articulos eisdem fidelibus nostris inde traditos, et prout predicti fideles nostri tibi scire faciant ex parte nostra. Et habeas ibi summoniciones et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Wolvemere, tertio die Augusti, anno regni nostri, xiij°. [Chronicon Petroburgense (Camden Soc. 0. S. 47, / . 103).] (c) The Old Chapters'-. Veredictum hundredi [de] Coppethorne, juratum per Johannem de Chet[wode] {and eleveji other jurors), qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, ad primum articulum unde [interrogati] fuerunt ' De veteribus placitis corone,' quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad secundum articulum ' De novis placitis corone.' Dicunt quod die Jovis in festo Sancti Thome Apostoli, anno Regis Edwardi viij°, etc. [Numerous presentments of offences follow]. Item,' De hiis qui sunt in misericordia domini Regis' etc. Nichil sciunt. Item, ' De valletis et puellis qui sunt et esse debent in custodia domini Regis,' dicunt quod nullus est nunc in custodia Regis. Sed dicunt quod Johannes de Mikelham tenet de domino Rege, et cum acciderit, erit heres ejus in custodia domini Regis, et valent terre ejus per annum vj /. Et Johannes de Bures tenet de domino Rege in manerio de Bansted, et debet heres ejus, cum acciderit, esse in custodia domini Regis, et valent terre ejus, per annum, viij /. ... Item, ' De dominabus que sunt in donatione domini Regis' etc. Dicunt quod Alicia que fuit uxor Gilberti de Mikelham non maritatur, et quod maritagium pertinet ad dominum Regem, et terre sue valent per annum xlj J. in villa de Micleham. Item, ad vi articulum. ' De ecclesiis que sunt in donacione domini Regis,' etc. Dicunt quod ecclesia de Leddrede est in donacione Regis, et Henricus de Durham [tenet] earn per resignationem Hugonis de Kendale cui dominus Rex illam dedit, et valet per annum L marcas. Item, ad vii articulum. 'De escaetis domini Regis que sunt,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad viii articulum. 'De serjantiis domini Regis,'etc. Dicunt quod in villa de Leddrede est quedam serjantia lxx s. et ij d., et dominus Eustachius de Hecche earn tenet per dimissionem cujusdam Walteri de Thorp, et debetur inde inveniri una domus ad prisones custodiendos, et parcus ad districtiones factas pro debito domini Regis impercandas, et etiam sedes in loco ubi comitatus solebat teneri, si comitatus in villa de Leddrede contigerit teneri. Item, ad ixm articulum 'de purpresturis factis super dominum Regis,' etc. Dicunt quod dominus Eustachius de Hacche fecit purpresturam xviij acrarum bruere in villa de Leddrede, et obtusit regale 1 For the extended form of these Articles, see Statutes of the Realm, 1. 232, where, however, only 59 Articles are given.
Judicial Inquisitions
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cheminum quod duxit per medium dictarum acrarum versus Ocschete, et obtusit etiam quandam aliam viam regalem in quodam loco qui vocatur Were, que ducit de Leddrede versus Stoke et Kyngestane. Item, ad x articulum. ' De hiis qui ceperunt denarios ab hiis qui,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt Item, ad xi articulum. ' De mensuris juratis per regnum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]1.
Item, ad xii articulum. 'De vinis venditis,' etc. Dicunt quod Elias de Cruce de Leddrede vendidit i doleum vini, lagenam ad iij d. Item, ' De thesauro invento,' Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xiii articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.'].
Item, ad xiiii articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui tenuerint placita corone et que placita.' Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xv articulum. ' De usurariis Christianis mortuis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xvi articulum.
' De catallis Francorum,' etc.
Dicunt
[etc.].
Item, ad xvii articulum. ' De catallis Judeorum occisorum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xviii articulum. ' De falsonariis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xix m articulum. ' De moneta et de escambio,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xx articulum. ' De burgatoribus et malefactoribus,' etc. Dicunt, quod nihil aliud sciunt quam monstraverunt in secretis. Item, ad xxi articulum. ' De utlagatis et fugitivis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xxii articulum. ' De hiis per quorum terras utlagati,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxiii articulum. ' De mercatis remotis de uno die,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xxiiii articulum. ' De hiis que ceperint mercedem,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xxv articulum. 'De novis consuetudinibus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xxvi articulum. ' De hiis qui summoniti fuerunt, etc. Dicunt quod Johannes de Plecy de Hedlegh, Willelmus de Walton, rector ecclesie de Boclonde, Dominus Eustachius de Hacche, miles, non venerunt coram justiciariis domini Regis primo die. Item, ad xxvii articulum. ' De gaiolis deliberatis sine warranto,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xxviii articulum. ' De malefactoribus in parcis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad xxix articulum. ' De wrecco maris.' Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxx articulum. 'De evasione latronurn.' Dicunt quod... Ricardus filius Willelmi Gerunde, captus pro latrocinio apud Leddred, evasit, ut paret prius in suo articulo de evasione2 1 2
i.e. quod nichil sciunt. ut paret—evasione a later addition in MS.
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Item, ad xxxi articuliim. ' De rapinis factis et prisis extraneis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xxxii articulum. ' De hiis qui non pefmittunt ballivos Regis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxiii articulum. ' De ballivis qui ceperunt denarios pro recognitoribus amovendis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxiiii articulum. ' De hiis qui tenent terras Normannorum/ etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxv articulum. ' De hiis qui subtraxerunt sectas schiraram, comitatum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxvi articulum. ' De hiis qui tenent placita de vetito namio sine waranto.' Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxvii articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis domini Regis qui ceperunt redemptionem,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xxxviii articulum. ' De vallettis integrum feodum militis,' etc. Dicunt quod Johannes de Monte Forti tenet xl /. terre per socagium et est plene aetatis. Item, ad xxxix articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis domini Regis vel aliis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xl articulum. ' De excessibus vicecomitum et aliorum ballivorum suorum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xli articulum. 'De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui capiunt ex una parte et altera.' Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xlii articulum. ' De wappentachiis et trithingis positis ad firmam per vicecomitem,' etc. Dicunt quod hundredum de Copp[ethorne] aliquo tempore tenebatur pro L marcis, et modo tenetur pro xxs. Item, ad xliii articulum. ' De prisis domini Regis sive in terra sive in aqua dulci sive in mari,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xliiii articulum. ' De parvis ballivis qui quandoque faciunt cervisiam,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xlv articulum. ' De hiis qui faciunt cervisiam et coligunt garbas in autumpno,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xlvi articulum. ' De catallis extraneorum de potestate domini Regis Francie,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad xlvii articulum. De hiis qui levaverunt warenniam, etc. Dicunt quod Eustachius de Hacche levavit warrenniam apud P[ach]enesham in villa de Leddrede, et nesciunt per quod warantum ; et etiam quod Johannes de Monte Forti levavit warenniam in Estede per cartam Regis. Item, ad xlviii articulum. ' De hiis qui piscantur cum kidellis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad xlix articulum. 'De vicecomitibus et ballivis aliis qui ceperunt denarios,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad 1 articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui rettati fuerunt de latrocinio per sacramentum patrie,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item ad li articulum. ' De vicecomitibus et ballivis aliis qui bis vel pluries,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
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Item, ad Hi articulum. ' De hiis qui manuceperunt habertdum aliquem coram justiciariis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad liii articulum. ' De hiis qui subtraxerunt brevia domini Regis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad liiii articulum. ' De coronatoribus qui denarios vel aliquam mercedem,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lv articulum. ' De hiis qui capiunt columbas,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ad lvi articulum. ' De pontibus et calcheis fractis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt nisi quod pons de Leddrede et pons de Micleham sustentantur per elemosinam patrie. Item, ad lvii articulum. ' De captis et incarceratis pro aliqua suspicione mali,' etc. Dicunt [etc.], nisi quod deliberati fuerunt per preceptum domini Regis. Item, ad lviii articulum. ' De felonibus suspensis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Item, ad lix articulum. ' De hiis qui currunt in alienis warennis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lx articulum. ' De hiis qui distringunt aliquem ad pacandum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxi articulum. ' De hiis qui distringunt plures habentes unum nomen per summonitionem Scaccarii,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxii articulum. ' De vicecomitibus qui ceperunt denarios ab aliquibus excommunicatis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxiii articulum. ' De denariis captis [de] non venientibus ad summonitionem,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxiiii articulum. 'De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui ceperunt denarios pro vigiliis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxv articulum. ' De hiis qui per fraudem vel maliciam terre,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ad lxvi articulum. ' De hiis qui mutuis sacramentis se adinvicem astringunt,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. (d) The New Chapters^. Nova Capitula. Ad primum capitulum, videlicet,' Quot et que maneria dominus Rex habet in manu,' etc. Dicunt quod prior de Merton tenet manerium de Ewelle de antiquo dominico domini Regis et illud habuit de dono Regis Johannis, et nesciunt per quod warantum. Ad ii capitulum. ' De feodis domini Regis et tenentibus suis, qui ea,' etc. Dicunt quod Walterus de Thorp tenuit de domino Rege in capite lxx s. ij d. redditus in Leddrede, per serjantiam et servicium unius hosturci sorri reddendi inde per annum, et etiam pro aliis tene1
For the extended form of these Articles, see Statutes of the Realm, I. 235, but neither the order nor the wording are followed as closely in that edition as in the case of the Old Chapters. Moreover the Articles between 23 and 37 are largely omitted, and after Article 33 (corresponding to Article 39 of the Statutes) the Record continues, without a break, to give the furthet Chapters printed at pp. 236—238 of the Statutes, the 'New Chapter' of the Record being the 30th and last of the latter work.
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mentis in aliis comitatibus; quem vero redditum Ixxs. [id. Eustachius de Hacche modo tenet, per medium predicti Walteri de Thorp et tenuit per sex [annos] preteritos. Ad iii capitulum. 'De terris etiam tenentium de antiquo dominico,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Ad iiii capitulum. ' De firmis hundredorum, tithyngarum,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil aliud sciunt quam superius dixerunt. Ad v et vi et vii capitula. ' De sectis, antiquis consuetudinibus et serviciis et aliis rebus,' etc. Dicunt quod Prior de Merton habet emendas panis et cervisie in Fetcham et Estede et in Ewelle, set nesciunt quo waranto.
[Other presentments follow^]
Ad viii capitulum. ' Qui etiam sibi appropriaverint de novo chacias,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil aliud quam superius dixerunt sciunt. Ad ix capitulum. ' Qui etiam domini aut eorum senescalli,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Ad x capitulum. ' De omnibus purpresturis factis super dominum regium,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil aliud sciunt quam superius dixerunt. Ad xi capitulum. ' De vicecomitibus capientibus munera,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Ad xii capitulum. ' De clericis et aliis ballivis vicecomitum, de coronatoribus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xiii capitulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis quibuscunque capientibus munera pro recognitoribus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.']. Ad xiiii capitulum. ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui amerciaverint illos,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xv. ' De vicecomitibus qui tradiderunt quibuscunque extorsoribus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xvi. ' Cum fines de reddisseisina aut purpresturis,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil aliud sciunt quam superius dixerunt. Ad xvii. ' Qui per potestatem officii sui,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Ad xviii. ' Qui ceperunt mandatum domini Regis ut debita,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xix capitulum. 'Qui ceperunt debita domini Regis vel partem debiti/ etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xx capitulum. ' Qui summonuerint aliquos ut fierent milites,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xxi capitulum. ' Etsi qui magnates et alii sine precepto,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxii capitulum. ' Qui habuerunt felones imprisonatos,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxiii capitulum. ' De hiis qui habuerunt probatores imprisonatos,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xxiiii capitulum. ' Qui dona vel lucra ceperint,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxv capitulum. 'Qui vicecomites vel custodes castrorum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxvi capitulum. ' De excaetoribus et subescaetoribus,' etc, Dicunt [etc.].
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Ad xxvii capitulum. ' De eisdem qui occasione hujusmodi seisinarum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xxviii capitulum. ' De hiis qui minus sufficienter terras,' etc. D i c u n t [etc.~\.
Ad xxix capitulum. ' De hiis qui prece, pretio, vel favore,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxx capitulum. ' Qui procuraverint vel consenserint,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Ad xxxi capitulum. ' Qui reservaverint ad opus suum proprium custodias,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xxxii capitulum. Item, 'cujusmodi seisiverunt terras,' etc. Dicunt quod terre Gilberti de Micleham, qui tenuit de Rege in capite, seisite fuerunt in manu Regis per escaetorem ix no die Octobris anno xxi, et remanserunt in manu domini Regis usque sextum decimum diem Novembris anno predicto. Ad xxxiii capitulum. 'De terris captis in manu domini Regis que capi non debuerunt,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Ad xxxiiii capitulum. ' De magnatibus et aliis venientibus hospitaturis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item,' De hiis qui occasione cujuscunque affinitatis,' etc. Et similiter 'De hiis qui seruras vel hostia,' etc. Item, 'Qui triturari fecerint vel capi blada, victualia,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Ad xxxv capitulum. ' De hiis qui ceperint equos, boves, carros,' etc. Dicunt quod Eustachius de Hacche cepit equos et carettas et carros in foro de Kingeston de extraneis ad ducendum meremium suum ad manerium suum de Pachenesham in Leddred, et ista capere fecit per ballivos suos contra voluntatem dictorum extraneorum. Ad xxxvi capitulum. ' De hiis qui vindictam fecerint quibuscunque, eo quod escas,' etc. Et similiter ' De hiis qui vindictam,' etc. Item, 'De hiis qui miserunt ad domos vel ad maneria religiosorum,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. 1 Item, 'De vicecomitibus venientibus ad hospitandum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item,' De hiis qui levaverunt eschapia latronum,' etc. Item, ' De hiis quibus colore de wrecco maris,' etc. Item, ' De hiis qui amerciati sunt sine rationabili occasione.' Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ' De prisis constabulariorum castrorum,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' De hiis qui ad mandatum vicecomitum,' etc. Item, ' De hiis vicecomitibus, coronatoribus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item,' De hiis qui rapuerint,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui replegiaverint,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item,' De hiis qui ceperint averia aliorum vel capi fecerint in uno comitatu,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' Qui ceperint averia et districtiones extra feodum suum.' Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ' De hiis qui fugaverunt ad castrum,' etc. Item, ' De vice1
The remaining Chapters are unnumbered in the Record.
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comitibus et aliis ballivis domini Regis,' etc. Item, 'De malefactoribus in parcis et vivariis.' Dicunt [etc.]. Item,' De hiis qui fecerunt districtiones in civitatibus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item, ' De ministris Regis qui tenuerunt per se vel per alios,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
Item,' De clericis, justiciariis, escaetoribus, etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' De hiis qui ceperint superflua vel indebita tolneta,' etc. Item, ' De civibus et burgencibus,' etc. Item, ' De hiis qui ceperunt victualia,' etc. Similiter ' De hiis qui pattern debitorum,' etc. Item, ' De hiis qui ceperint plures carectas,' etc. Item, ' De magnatibus et eorum ballivis,' et similiter ' De aliis, exceptis ministris Regis, quibus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item,' De vicecomitibus et aliis ballivis qui non permiserunt quoscunque pascere,' etc. Item, ' De averiis captis pro debito domini Regis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' De districtionibus factis postquam Rex inhibuit,' etc. et similiter ' De districtionibus superfluis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, ' De hiis qui capiunt mercedem de aliquibus pro advocacione habenda,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. Item, De novo capitulo, per breve domini Regis, ' De hiis,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. [Assize Roll, 892.] 71. Presentments before the Justices in a 'fiscal Eyre' (3 Henry III), {a) Commission of the Justices. Rex, vicecomitibus Eboracsire et Northumbrie, Salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus venerabilem patrem nostrum R[icardum] Dunolmensem episcopum [and four others], justiciaries nostros itinerantes per comitatus vestros. Et ideo vobis mandamus quatinus eis, ut justiciariis nostris, sitis intendentes, et ad diem et locum, quem vobis scire facient, comitatus vestros, secundum quod vobis mandaverint, venire faciatis. Et in hujus, etc. has Litteras nostras Patentes Sigillo nostro sigillatas vobis mittimus. Teste W[illelmo] Marescallo, comite de Penbroke, apud Westmonasterium, iiij die Novembris, anno regni nostri tercio, coram domino S[tephano] Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo et dominis Wintoniensi, Dunolmensi episcopis. Et liberate fuerunt littere iste Martino de Pateshulle cum capitulis et forma sacramenti. Et est primus locus apud Eboracum, a die Sancti Martini in xv dies. [Pat. Roll 3 Hen. III. m.6d (Cal. p. 206).] (b) Presentments before the Justices. Veredicta de comitatu Northumbrie de vallettis et puellis que esse debent de custodia domini Regis, et de eschaetis et hujusmodi, in
Judicial Inquisitions
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itinere domini R[icardi] Dunolmensis Episcopi et sociorum suorum, anno regni Regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis tertio De eschaetis, dicunt quod Philippus de Ulecote tenet Matefen et Nafreton per servicium serjantie, ut sit coronator. Valent xx libras. [Testa de Nevill,pp. 390—391.]
72. Special Commission of enquiry as to the observance of Magna Carta and the Statute of Winchester (28 Edward I). (a) The fustices' Commission. Rex Johanni de Hamme [and two others], in comitatu Surreie, Salutem. Quia Magna Carta de libertatibus Anglie et Carta de Foresta [etc.], non fuerunt in quibusdam suis articulis hactenus observate, nos, ad requisitionem prelatorum [etc.], assignavimus vos justiciaries nostros ad querelas omnium et singulorum de eodem comitatu, tarn infra libertates quam extra, conquerentium, seu eonqueri volentium de omnibus illis qui contra tenores Cartarum predictarum, in aliquo articulorum suorum, venerint seu deliquerint in comitatu predicto; tarn videlicet de ministris nostris extra placeas suas, quam etiam de aliis quibuscunque audiendas; et ad hujusmodi querelas; de die in diem, non allocando dilationes que per legem communem allocantur, celeriter terminandas; et etiam ad omnes illos quos contra tenores Cartarum predictarum in aliquo articulo earumdem, ubi prius per communem legem remedium non fuerat, ut predictum est, venire seu delinquere et inde convinci contigerit, coram vobis, per imprisonamentum, redempcionem vel amerciamentum, secundum quod transgressio exegerit, puniendos. Assignavimus etiam vos ad faciendum statutum per nos nuper de communi consilio regni nostri pro conservacione pacis nostre apud Wyntoniam editum, quod ad singulos comitatus regni nostri sub Sigillo nostro mittimus jam de novo; decetero, in singulis suis articulis, sub penis in eodem statute contentis, in comitatu predicto observari, firmiter, et teneri; et ad omnes transgressores et contravenientes puniendos juxta formam statuti ejusdem. Ita, videlicet, quod si vos omnes ad hec facienda, quotiens opus fuerit, insimul intendere non possitis, tune duo vestrum, quos presentes esse contigerit, nichilominus ea faciant et exequantur in forma predicta. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad premissa facienda et explenda diligenter intendatis, sicut predictum est; salvis nobis redempcionibus, amerciamentis et aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. Mandamus enim vicecomitibus et omnibus ballivis [etc.]. Nolumus [etc.]. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege, apud Sanctum Edmundum, x die Maii [28 Edw. I.]. [Pat. 28 Edw. I. m. 14 (Ca/.p. 515) Par/. Writs, I. 3981).] 1
Writs of De intendendo and Dedimus potestatem are also printed by Palgrave.
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(b) Inquisition for the Town of Guildford. Burgus de Guldeford. Veredictum duodecim juratorum ville de Guldeford, videlicet, Andreas Cunstable [and 11 others], juratores, qui dicunt, super eorum sacramentum, de primo articulo qui sic incipit: ' Inquirendum est de malefactoribus et pacis Regis perturbatoribus, homicidis, depredatoribus,' etc. quod nichil sciunt. ' De eorum scienter receptatoribus et eis consentientibus,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. ' De hiis qui pro muneribus suis pactum fecerunt vel faciunt cum malefactoribus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. ' De hiis qui hujusmodi munera dederunt vel dant et quantum et quibus,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. ' De hiis qui ratione potestatis et dominii sui aliquos vel aliquem in eorum protectionem pro suo dando susceperunt,' etc. Dicunt [etc.].
' De hiis qui pecuniam ce[perunt],' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. ' De hiis qui manutenuerunt seu manutenent placita pro pecunia,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. 'De malefactoribus in parcis et vivariis et ubi et quando et quotiens,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. ' De hiis qui ministros domini Regis per se vel per alios perturbaverunt,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. ' Si kidelli deponantur per Tamisiam et alibi in comitatu predicto,' etc. Dicunt [etc.]. 'Si salmones capiebantur per Tamisiam1 vel alibi in comitatu,' etc. Dicunt [etc.] ' Si statuta domini Regis edita apud Wyntoniam in singulis suis articulis teneantur,' etc. Dicunt quod bene observantur. ' Si porte civitatum aut burgorum clausorum sint et fuerint clause,' etc. Dicunt quod burgus predictus non est clausus. ' Si quis hospitatus fuerit in surburbio vel forinsecis partibus civitatis vel burgi,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. ' Si ballivi et ministri tarn infra libertates quam extra in predicto comitatu hucusque,' etc. Dicunt quod omnia bene fiunt. ' Si vigilie in singulis civitatibus burgis et villis in eodem comitatu fiebant,' etc. Dicunt quod omnia bene fiunt. ' Si alte vie ducentes a villis mercatoriis in villas mercatorias sint elargate,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. ' Si constabularii pacis fecerint bis per annum visum armorum,' etc. Dicunt quod omnia bene fiunt. ' Si aliqui de quibus manifesta suspicio felonie aut latrocinii,' etc. Dicunt quod nichil sciunt. Preterea dicunt quod Nicholas de Sterteford [andtwo others],venerunt die Sabbatis proxima post festum Sancti Marci Evangeliste hoc anno et se hospitabantur ad quandam domum in villa de Guldeford, et 1 Fuller presentments are made to this Article in the riverside hundreds of Surrey. In Brixton Hundred no fewer than 12 presentments were made, 64 salmon having been taken.
Judicial Inquisitions
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ad eandem domum fuerunt usque in crastinum ad horam tertiam, et recesserunt extra villam, et eodem die in hora vespertina redierunt in eandem villam, et se hospitabantur ad alteram domum et ibi pernoctarunt. Et in crastino attachiati fuerunt pro suspicione. Item, dicunt quod die Martis in festo Sancti Marci Evangeliste predicti Johannes le Glovere de Sterteford [and two others], venerunt in villam de Guldeford, qui fuerunt de societate predictorum, et cum audivissent quod eorum socii erant attachiati, fugerunt ad quandam capellam, que crediderant esse dedicata, et in eadem se tenuerunt tota nocte pro custodia bona super ipsos facta. Et in crastino se reddiderunt ad pacem domini Regis ex eorum bona voluntate et ducti fuerunt prisone in villa predicta. [Assize Roll, 891, m. 6.] 73. Judicial Inquisition concerning the liberties pertaining to a serjeanty (35 Hen. III). (a) The justices' Commission. Rex S[ilvestro] Carleolensi episcopo [and three others], Salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus vos justiciaries nostros ad omnia placita communia in comitatu Eboracsire audienda et terminanda. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod in crastino Sancti Michaelis sitis apud Eboracum ad predicta placita audienda et terminanda; facturi inde quod ad justiciam pertinet, secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri. Mandavimus enim vicecomiti nostro Eboracsire quod predicta placita et eorum atachiamenta coram vobis dictis die et loco venire faciat, una cum omnibus aliis que coram justiciariis nostris itinerantibus venire debent et consueverunt. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege, apud Westmonasterium, xvj die Augusti [3 5 Henry III]. Per ipsum Regem. [Patent Roll, 35 Henry III. (No. 62), m. 4.] (b) Proceedings before the Justices including recital of the King's Writ of Inquisition, the Statement of Claim and the finding of the Jurors. Placita Assisarum coram S[ilvestro] Karlioli Episcopo, R[ogero] de Thurkelby et sociis suis. Dominus Rex mandavit Justiciariis itinerantibus in comitatu isto quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligenter inquirerent quibus libertatibus antecessores Davidis le Lardiner usi sint in villa Eboraci, et qualiter, et quas libertates idem David dicit se habere per cartas predecessorum ipsius domini Regis regni Anglie; et Inquisitionem quam inde fecerint, sub sigillis eorundem justiciariorum et eorum per quos Inquisicio ilia facta fuerit, ei mitterent. Et unde idem David dicit quod
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pertinet ad serjantiam suam, quam ipse habet in Eboraco, recipere de quolibet pistore panem vendente in villa de Eboraco, quolibet die Sabbati per annum, unam obolatam panis vel unum obolum; et de qualibet fenestra in qua panis venditur in eadem civitate, quolibet die Sabbati, unum panem de obolo vel unum obolum; et de qualibet braciatrice cervisiam vendente in eadem villam, quolibet die Sabbati, unam lagenam cervisie, de meliori cervisia quam habent, vel precium; et de qualibet scamella ubi carnes venduntur, et de quolibet carnes vendente in predicta villa, unam denariatam carnis vel unum denarium, quolibet die dominica; et de qualibet carecta piscem vendente ad Pontem Fosse, quatuor denariatas piscis vel quatuor denarios, sicuti carrectarii emunt ad mare, per fides suas; et de quolibet summagio equi piscem portantis, unam denariatam piscis vel unum denarium, sicut piscis emitur ad mare et per fidem ipsorum quorum summagia ilia sunt; et omnes mensuras bladi, per quas bladum venditur in civitate. Et inde facere omnes districciones que debent fieri in civitate pro debito domini Regis, et recipere pro qualibet districcione, quatuor denarios. Et inde facere lardarium domini Regis, tarn de venatione quam de bestiis domesticis. Et Johannes de Hamerton [and 16 others], juratores ad hoc electi dicunt super sacramentum suum quod antecessores Davidis le Lardinar tales habuerunt libertates: quod facere debuerunt lardarium domini Regis et custodire prisonas de foresta domini Regis; et quod habuerunt mensuram domini Regis deblado aliquo tempore; etquod venditores fuerunt domini Regis, et quod ceperunt cotidie de bursa domini Regis quinque denarios, unde habuerunt cartas. Et quod usi fuerunt talibus libertatibus aliquo tempore, quod capere solebant, quolibet die Sabbati, de qualibet fenestra pistoris vendentis panem, unum panem vel unum obolum; de qualibet braciatrice, unam galonam cervisie vel unum obolum; de qualibet fenestra carnificum, unam denariatam carnium vel unum denarium; de qualibet carecta cum pisce ad pontem de Fosse, quatuor denariatas piscium pro suis quatuor denariis, sicut emebantur ad mare per fidem carectariorum. De quolibet summagio piscem portante unam denariatam piscis pro denario suo sicut emebatur ad mare. Et dicunt quod usi fuerunt faciendo districtiones in civitate Eboraci pro debitis domini Regis et capiendi pro qualibet districcione facta quatuor denarios. Et quod Aldremanni fuerunt de menestrellis. Istis libertatibus usi fuerunt antecessores predicti Davidis tempore Regis Henrici avi domini Regis nunc et in tempore domini Regis Ricardi, quousque inde fuerunt impediti. Dicunt etiam quod omnibus predictis libertatibus usi fuerunt nomine serjantie quam habuerunt de domino Rege. Et mittitur Recordum domino Rege1. [Assize Roll, 1046, m. 63. (Cf. Drake, Eboracum p. 325).] 1 This Inquisition has been collated with the original (above referred to) returned into the Chancery {Chanc. Misc. Inq. 21/3), with which it agrees almost verbatim.
Judicial Inquisitions
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74. Inquisition delivered into the King's court with Pleadings thereon (1194). Bedefordesire. Hugo prepositus [and 11 others] missi pro socha de Lectona ad inquirendum quale servicium Willelmus Clericus deberet de terra sua quam tenet de monialibus de Fonte Ebrolfi, dicunt, pro soka, quod Willelmus Clericus debet pro terra sua, per annum, iij araturas et iij bedripas; j bedripam cum j homine suo sine cibo; secundam cum omnibus famulis suis ad cibum domini sui, et ipse debet eos adducere et ibi interesse; et terciam cum j homine ad cibum domini sui, sicut ceteri sokemanni ejusdem manerii. Willelmus Clericus venit et dicit, quod quando Dominus Rex Henricus dedit terram illam monialibus de Fonte Ebrolfi1, quod (sic) predecessores sui et ipse semper tenuerunt terram illam liberam de Domino Rege; et quod quidam ex illis xij juratoribus sunt consuetudinarii monialium, et non vult ponere se super eorum Inquisitionem de libero tenemento suo, de sicut consuetudinarii sint; et dicit quod non fuit summonitus ad Inquisitionem illam audiendam; et offert domino Regi v marcas pro habenda Inquisitione legalium hominum maneriorum de Hoctona et Lectona. [Cur. Reg. Roll No. 1. (Trinity vol. XIV. p. 38.)]
Term 1194) (ed. Pipe Roll Soc.
75. Proceedings connected with the Robbery of the Treasury at Westminster (31 Edward I). (a) Writ of Inquisition. Edwardus [etc. as in No. 11], dilectis et fidelibus suis Radulfo de Sandwico [and three others], Salutem. Quia ex testimonio fidedignorum accepimus quod quidam malefactores et pacis nostri perturbatores Thesaurariam nostram infra Abbatiam Westmonasterii vi et armis fregerunt et magnam partem thesauri nostri, in eadem Thesauraria inventam ceperunt et asportaverunt, et alia enormia nobis ibidem intulerunt, in nostri contemptum manifestum et dampnum inestimabile, et contra pacem nostram. Nos super tam enormi facto congruum et festinum remedium fieri volentes, assignavimus vos ad inquirendum, per sacramentum tam militum quam aliorum proborum et legalium hominum de civitate nostra Londonie, quam eciam de comitatibus nostris Middelsexe et Surreie, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, qui sunt illi malefactores et eis consencientes, consilium et auxilium in premissis prostantes, et ipsorum malefactorum scienter receptatores, et ad quorum vel ad cujus manus pred ictus thesaurus vel pars inde devenit, et in quorum vel in cujus manibus nunc existit, et cujusmodi thesaurus sic asportatus fuerit et cujus precii, et de omnibus aliis circumstanciis factum illud qualitercumque contingentibus ple1
Cf. Round Calendar of Documents, France, pp. 378 and 384; cf. also Nos. 13 and 66.
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nius veritatem. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca, quos ad hoc provideritis, Inquisicionem illam faciatis; et omnes illos quos per Inquisicionem illam culpabiles de facto illo, consilio vel auxilio seu de ipsorum malefactorum receptamento, inveniri contigerit, sine dilatione arestari et in prisona nostra salvo et secure custodiri faciatis donee aliud inde preciperimus. Et thesaurum quern in manibus hujusmodi malefactorum inveniri contigerit in certo et securo loco poni faciatis; ita quod nobis inde respondere possitis ad mandatum nostrum. Mandavimus enim vicecomitibus nostris Londonie et comitatuum Middelsexe et Surreie predictorum quod, ad certos dies et loca quos eis scire facietis, venire faciatis coram vobis tot et tales, tam milites quam alios probos et legales homines de ballivis suis, per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cujus rei testimonium, has Litteras nostras fieri fecimus Patentes, Teste me ipso, apud Linliscu, vi° die Junii, anno regni nostri xxxi°. (b) Inquisition of the Ward of Inquisitiones facte coram eisdem hospicio Episcopi Londoniensis, die Beati Johannis Baptiste, anno regni
St Nicholas, Farringdon. justiciariis apud Londoniam, in Mercurii proxima post octabas Regis predicti tricesimo primo.
Juratores de Warda Nicholai de Farndone infra Portam et extra dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod Ricardus de Podelicote et Willelmus del Paleys culpabiles sunt de fractione Thesaurarie predicte. Et quod Adam de Warefeld, sacrista Westmonasterii, habuit quandam porcionem de thesauro predicto, cujus precii ignorant. Item dicunt quod Johannes de Briggeford et Willelmus Torel, aurifaber, emerunt de predicto Ricardo quandam partem de jocalibus cujus precium ignorant, nesciente felonia sua. Ideo preceptum est, etc. [Palgrave, 'Kalendars,' I. 251 et seq., cf. Pike, ' Hist, of Crime] I. 200 sq., Hall, 'Antiq. of the Exchequer,' Ch. I. and Archceclogia XL IV. (2).]
76.
Coroner's Inquest on the body of onefound dead {\6 Hen. VIII).
Bukingehamsira: Inquisitio indentata capta apud Lynford Magnam in comitatu predicto xv die Augusti, anno regni Regis Henrici Octavi xvi°, coram Johanne Waters uno coro[natorum] domini Regis in comitatu predicto, super visum corporis cujusdam Roberti Holwey, ibidem inventi mortui, per sacramentum Thome Maleyns, gent, [and 13 others]. Qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod accidit apud Lyndford predictum in comitatu predicto, xiii die Augusti anno regni Regis Henrici octavi xvi, quod predictus Robertus Holwey circa horam decimam ante meridiem ejusdem diei, a domo sua ut se ipsum refrigeret profectus est; et aliquem fontem, faciem suam ad lavandam, adveniens, subito pedes predicti Roberti Holwey in aquam elapsi sunt, unde predictus Robertus Holwey, vigore destitutus, exire non potuisset;
Judicial Inquisitions
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super quod aqua predicta subitaneam ei intulit mortem. In cujus rei testimonium tarn predictus coronator quam juratores predicti huic Inquisitioni sigilla sua apposuerunt. Data die, anno, loco, supradictis. Ex infortunio1. [Ancient Indictments {King's Bench) Bdle 503.] 77. Inquisition De odio et atia (30 Hen. III.). (a) Writ of Inquisition. Henricus [etc. as in No. 27], vicecomiti Suffolcie, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod, per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu tuo, diligenter inquiri facias utrum Alicia, que fuit uxor Johannis de Kingeshag', appellet Rogerum Lapes, captum et detentum in prisona nostra de Gypewico pro morte predicti Johannis, odio et atya, an eo quod inde culpabilis sit; et si odio et atya, quo odio et qua atya; et si ipse culpabilis non sit, quis inde culpabilis sit. Et Inquisitionem inde factam, sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, nobis sine dilatione mittas et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Windesoram, xviij die Septembris, anno regni nostri xxx. [Endorsed :~\ Presentatum est ballivo de Blith[burgo\ (b) The Inquisition. Inquisitio utrum Alicia, que fuit uxor Johannis de Kingeshag' appellet Rogerum Lapes, captum et detentum in prisona pro morte ipsius Johannis, odio et athia, an eo quod culpabilis sit, facta per subscriptos Simonem filium Hugonis [and 11 other jurors], qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod dicta Alicia appellat dictum Rogerum de morte Johannis viri sui odio et atya, et non eo quod inde culpabilis est. Et hoc odio et hac atya, quia quidam Nicholaus, cognatus ejusdem Johannis qui mortuus est, insultavit ipsum Rogerum in nundinis de Blitheburgo, ita quod idem Rogerus, in defensione sua, ipsum Nicholaum wlneravit; et idem Nicholaus, pro wlneratione ilia, et parentes sui, fecerunt Aliciam, uxorem ipsius Johannis, ipsum Rogerum appellare. Dicunt etiam quod idem Rogerus de morte dicti Johannis culpabilis non est, nee aliquis alius, quia moriebatur de justa morte sua et propria. [Chancery Criminal Inquisitions, Hen. Ill, File 1, No. 3.] 78.
Inquisition de Medietate, concerning a Jewish Starr (11 Edw. I). De termino Sancte Trinitatis [11 Edw. I.], ad Scaccarium Judeorum apud Salopiam. Cum Adam, filius Hamonis de La Mare, de Calvistona, districtus fuisset ad reddendum Regi xxxviij m., que ab eo exiguntur per sum1
H. F. II.
The stereotyped official note of registration. 14
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monicionem Scaccarii Judaismi, de debito Hamonis predicti, patris sui, in quo Cresseus, filius Milonis le Eveske, Judeus Bristollie, tulit breve Regis de Magno Sigillo in hec verba:—Edwardus, etc. Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judaismi assignatis, Salutem:—Quia Adam de La Mare clamat habere acquietanciam de xxx et viij m., que ab eo exiguntur per summonicionem Scaccarii Judaismi nostri, de debitis in quibus Hamo de la Mare, pater predicti Ade, quondam tenebatur Cresseo, filio Milonis, Judeo, Bristollie, per Starrum quod idem Adam inde habet; vobis mandamus quod, inspecto Starro predicto et inquisita ulterius veritate, si vobis constare poterit quod predictus Adam de dicta pecunia quietus esse debeat, tune ipsum inde quietum esse faciatis, prout de jure et secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri fuerit factum. Teste me ipso, apud Rothlan, xxvij die Junii, anno regni nostri xj. Et per hoc breve preceptum est vicecomiti Somersete quod venire faciat coram etc., a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies, sex probos et legales homines de visneto de Calvistona; et constabulario Bristollie, quod venire faciat coram etc. sex legales Judeos de villa Bristollie, per quos, etc., ad recognoscendum, etc., si predictus Hamo satisfecit dicto Judeo de dicto debito, tempore quo etc., et Starrum acquietancie ei fecit, etc., sicut predictus Adam dicit. Ad quern diem Inquisicio venit per Johannem de Berewik', Robertum de Cumptona, et alios Christianos, Isaac de Karleun, Josceum de Karleun, et alios Judeos, sicut patet inter Brevia termini Sancti Michaelis proximo sequentis retornata. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod Starrum quod predictus Adam protulit coram, etc. de acquietancia dicti debiti, ut dicit, in hec verba:—' Cresseus le Eveske recognovit per Starrum suum quod Hamo de Calvistona et heredes sui quieti sunt de ipso Judeo et heredibus suis, a creacione seculi usque [festum] Sancti Johannis Evangeliste infra Natale Domini anno Regis Henrici XLHI°, de omnibus debitis et calumpniis; et eciam dictus Judeus debet acquietare dictum Hamonem de iij s., in quibus tenebatur Isaaco de Karleun, Judeo, a die S. Martini in xv dies anno Regis Henrici XL0,' non est factum dicti Cressei, nee manu sua signatum, nee quod per predictum Starrum de predictis xxxviij m. quietus esse debet. Et ideo consideratum est, quod predictus Adam de predictis xxxviij m., ut prius, remaneat oneratus, et pro predicto falso Starro, quod protulit, in misericordia. Et non committitur prisone, quia dictum Starrum fuit factum patris sui, non suum. \Excheq. of Pleas {Jews Roll) 44, m. 3 (Selden Society,' Select Pleas of the Jewish Exchequer', p. 129).] 79. Proceedings in the Court of the royal manor of Ospring in the course of an enquiry concerning the state of that manor (c. 1240). ...Willelmus Carpentarius de Lichiden et Emma uxor ejus [and two others] conqueruntur quod Willelmus clericus, ballivus Walteri de
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Burgo de Ospring, injuste fecit eos claudere fossato et haya quandam partem bosci domini Regis quam ipsi nee predecessores eorum unquam claudere consueverunt. Et predictus ballivus presens est et dicit quod invenit predictum boscum nondum clausum, set fecit inquiri per veredictum curie, ut possit de jure claudere et qui eum claudere deberent ex opposito dominici sui, et omnes alii ex opposite dominicorum suorum, et bene potuit dominus Rex habere predictum boscum in separali suo, et in hunc modum fecit claudi predictum boscum ad commodum domini Regis, tam per predictos conquerentes quam per alios: ita quod de istis conquerentibus non cepit ad valorem custi, secundum quod alii custum ad hoc posuerunt. Etiam juratores dicunt quod predictus boscus claudi potest sine alicujus injuria, et quod unusquisque claudere debet contra tenementum suum. Et quod predictus ballivus hoc fecit per veredictum curie, sicut predictum est. Homines de Wall' spectantes ad predictum manerium queruntur quod Hamo de la Dune, ballivus ipsius Walteri, injuste cepit de illis xxvj s. quia non venerunt omnes ad curiam que vocatur Lagheday, ubi non debent venire nisi tam per duos homines de singulis hamelettis, ut dicunt. Et idem Hamo presens est et bene cognoscit quod cepit predictos xxvi.s\, set dicit quod cepit eos per judicium curie ad opus domini Regis, pro defalta quam fecerunt in curia predicta. Et Juratores et curia dicunt quod sive predicti homines venire debeant vel non, serviens ipse non deliquit, quia fecit hoc per consideracionem curie. [Testa de Nevill. {Rec Com?)p. 218.]
80. Inquisition before the Queen-Dowager s Steward at Oxford (7 Edw. III). Inquisitio capta coram Ada de la Fenne, senescallo terrarum domine Margarete, Regine Anglie, die Veneris proxima post festum Sancti Vincentii, anno regni Regis Edwardi septimo, super certis Articulis, per sacramentum Andree de Pyrie [and 17 others'], juratorum, qui dicunt super primo articulo, videlicet de advocationibus ecclesiarum, de capellis, de domibus religiosis, de hospitiis, quod in villa Oxonie nichil ad prejudicium dicte Domine Regine factum est. Ad secundum articulum, qui continetur sub primo, eo quod nullus aliquid proficuum inde habuit vel habere potuit. Item, ad tertium articulum respondent quod nulla dampna in domibus, molendinis, pratis, clausturis, nee in aliis rebus facta sunt; set dicunt quod terre Templariorum se extendunt, infra villam Oxonie, de redditu assise, quinquaginta quatuor solidis et uno denario, et extra portam borealem, in Stocwellestrete, de diversis tenementis, viginti octo solidis et novem denariis; et in hundredo, extra eandem portam, una vacua placea quam Robertus de Welles tenet per annum per sex denarios. Item, dicunt quod de catallis felonum et fugitivorum 14—2
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Inquisitions
respondendum est in adventum justiciariorum domini Regis in itinere nisi aliud dominus Rex specialiter mandaverit. Item, dicunt quod nee terre nee tenementa alicui appropriantur sine licencia domini Regis. Et dicunt etiam quod omnia nomina ballivorum ville Oxonie liberata sunt dicto Ade de la Fenne, de toto tempore dicte domine Regine, qui diversas vidit tallias et acquietancias; et ulterius non potuerunt inquirere. Dicunt etiam quod diversi firmarii molendini et prati de Kyngesmede, assisam panis et servisie et hundredum extra portam borealem tenuerunt per speciales et diversas commissiones toto tempore dicte domine et adhuc tenent. In cujus rei testimonium, presentibus predicti juratores sigilla sua apposuerunt. [King's Bench. A net. Indictments, 98 «.]
APPENDIX. SPECIMENS OF JUDICIAL PLEADINGS. T H E limitations of this section have been explained in the Preface and it is only necessary to mention the provenance and significance of the three documents printed below. Of these the first two are derived from the same source, the Chancery' Placita' which have preserved many interesting relics of judicial procedure in connexion with cases certified into the Chancery by writs of Certiorari. Under these circumstances it seems to have been the rule for a sequence of 'original' and 'judicial' writs filed in the case, with the official returns and precepts endorsed thereon, to be annexed to the transcript of the Record from the 'Roll of the term and year,' and it has been suggested1 that the Record itself may have been compiled from these memoranda during the earlier mediaeval period. In any case this aspect of the subject is of considerable interest. The several stages of procedure during the 'Issue term' and 'Trial Term' can be easily distinguished2. In the case of Head v. Butler (No. i) the action for trespass and assault is originated, not by a Chancery Writ, but by a 'Bill of Middlesex,' a form of privileged procedure. In the writ process and official minutes noticed above, the substance of the Pleadings after the Appearance of the parties, and the Medial Judgment upon the Issue joined (iii and xi) can be clearly distinguished; but the proceedings are considerably amplified by the verba Curie introduced in the Record of the Term and Year (xii) and even during the Trial Term the attention of the Court seems to have been chiefly occupied with the necessary formalities for securing the attendance of the Jury and the appearance of the parties (iv—x). The Final Judgment of the court and the steps taken by the plaintiffs to appeal against the Verdict are noted only in the inrolled Record (xii). The proceedings on Appeal, which are displayed in the same form, as well as the writ of Certiorari for bringing up the Record of this case, are omitted here owing to the exigencies of space. In the case of Gunwardby and others v. Windsor and others (No. 2) the procedure in a possessory action for taking an assize of Novel Disseisin is similarly displayed by the juxtaposition of the original instruments and the final Record, and in this form of civil action the difficulties of making an effectual return to the 1
Studies in English Official Historical Documents, p. 326. For further information the student should consult the well-known treatises of Bigelow and Stephen, the histories of English law by Reeves, Pollock and Maitland (Vol. 11. ch. ix.), and W. S. Holdsworth, and, particularly, the study by Mr L. O. Pike in Anglo-American Legal Essays, Vol. 11. p. 597 sq. 2
214
Appendix
original and judicial writs are enhanced by the necessity for the attendance of the Recognitors and the appearance of the defendants, and by the intervention of private franchizes as well as by the intimidation of individual jurors. The conclusion and sequel to this case are also elucidated by Chancery enrolments. (Cal. Pat. Rolls 4 Hen. IV. p. 250.) The third specimen printed here (No. 3) illustrates the law's well-known delays in the case of a petitory action which, it will be seen, was protracted for eight years and then left undecided1. The Placitum de Lndlowe was evidently an important case although no mention of it seems to be made in legal or local works of reference. As a curiosity of the Records this compilation is as interesting as the famous 'Account' of Richard de Anesti's lawsuit2. Here (as to a less extent in the preceding cases) exigencies of space have made the abbreviation of proper names and places essential.
1. Head v. Butler Term, 13 Henry IV).
and Butler
in the King's
Bench
{Trinity
i. The Plaintiffs Bill of Complaint and Security for Prosecuting. Middelsexa. Alexander Heved, civis et wexchaundeler Londonie, queritur de Edwardo Botiller, tenente manerii de Hegham Gobion in comitatu Bedfordsire, milite, et Philippo Botiller de comitatu Hertfordsire, armigero, de eo quod ipsi, die Lune proximo post festum Nativitatis S. Johannis Baptiste, anno regni Regis Henrici Quarti post Conquestum decimo, vi et armis, videlicet, gladiis baselardis etc. in ipsum Alexandrum apud Iseldone insultum fecerunt et ipsum verberaverunt, vulneraverunt, et male tractaverunt et alia enormia etc., ad dampnum ipsius Alexandri quadraginta solidorum et contra pacem, etc.3 Plegii de prosequendo:—Johannes Hert. Ricardus Knot. ii. Warrants for Attornies. Attornati recepti coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium termino S. Trinitatis, anno etc. xiij0, prout patet per rotulos de Warrantis Attornatorum termino et anno supradictis. Middelsexa. A. H., civis [etc.], ponit loco suo [attorney] versus E. B. [etc.] militem et P. B. [etc.] armigerum, de placito transgressionis, per billam. Middelsexa. E. B. [etc.] et P. B. [etc.], ponunt loco suo [two attornies] versus A. H., civem [etc.] de placito [etc.]. iii. Official Report of the Pleadings and Issue joined for trial by Jury {endorsed on the Bill). Primus defendens dicit querens est nativus pertinens ad manerium suum de H. G. in comitatu B., etc.; alius defendens dicit ut supra, et ipse seisivit et ipsum cepit, absque quod verberavit, etc. Querens dicit liber et libere condicionis. Ideo venire facias die Lune. Contra diem Veneris proximam ante festum Sancti Barnabe Apostoli. 1 2 3
For a further reference to this trial, cf. Pat. 28 Henry I I I m. 7. H. Hall, Court Life under the Plantagenets, Ch. VII. This and the Records that follow are subscribed examinatur.
(Calendar, p. 421.)
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iv. The Judicial Writ ofVenire Facias for impanelling a Jury. Middelsexa. Preceptum est vicecomitibus quod venire faciant coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium, die Lune proxima post xvm S. Trinitatis xxiiij01' tam milites, etc., de visneto de Iseldone per quos, etc. et qui nee A. H. [etc.], querentem, nee E. B. [etc.] et P. B. [etc.], aliqua affinitate, etc. ad recognoscendum etc., si predictus A. sit nativus predicti E. pertinens ad manerium suum de H. G. predictum, sicut predicti E. et P. dicunt, an liber homo et libere condicionis et non nativus predicti E., sicut idem A. dicit. Quia tam, etc. Et habeant ibi tune nomina juratorum et hoc preceptum. Hulton. v. The Sheriff's Return {endorsed on the writ). Responsio Johannis Reynewell et Walteri Cotton, vicecomitum. Executio istius preceptipatet inpanello huic precepto consuto. vi. The Jury Panel (annexed to the above Return). Ricardus Mayhewe [and 26 others]. Quilibet predictorum juratorum separatim manucaptus est per Ricardum Est et Thomam Kent. vii. Official Note of the Precept for a Writ of Distraint, to compel attendance of the Jury {endorsed on the Panel). Distringantur contra diem Veneris. viii.
The Writ of Distraint referred to.
Middelsexa. Preceptum est vicecomiti quod distringat Ricardum Mayhewe [and the other jurors], juratores summonitos, etc. inter A. H. [etc.], querentem, et E. B. [etc.] et P. B. etc., per omnes terras etc. et quod de exitibus etc. et quod habeat corpora eorum coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium die Veneris proxima post xvm S. Trinitatis ad recognoscendum, super sacramentum suum, si predictus A. sit nativus predicti E. B. pertinens ad manerium suum de H. G. predictum, sicut predicti E. et P. dicunt, an liber homo et libere condicionis, et non nativus predicti E., sicut idem A. dicit. Et ad audiendum etc. Et habeat ibi tune hoc preceptum. Hulton. ix. The Sheriffs Return {endorsed on the writ). Responsio J. R. et W. C. vicecomitum. Execucio istius precepti patet inpanello huic precepto consuto. x.
The Jury as impanelled {annexed to the above Return).
Ricardus Mayhewe. Juratus. Exitus xij d. [The names of 23 others of the panel follow, of whom 11 are sworn.] Quilibet predictorum juratorum separatim pro se manucaptus est per Johannem Herde [and three others]. xi. Official Note of the Verdict and Judgment {endorsed on the Panel). Jurati dicunt quod querens est liber homo et libere condicionis et non nativus. Ad dampnum xls. Querens relaxat dampnum. Judicium—Recuperet; Capiantur.
216 xii.
Appendix The Record of the Case enrolled.
Placita coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium de termino S. Trinitatis anno regni Regis Henrici Quarti post Conquestum xiij0, rotulo xxj°. Middelsexa. Edwardus Botiller, tenens manerii de Hegham Gobion in comitatu Bedfordsire, miles, et Philippus Botiller de comitatu Hertfordsire, armiger, attachiati fuerunt ad respondendum Alexandra Heved, civi et wexchaundeler Londonie, de placito transgressionis, per billam, que sequitur in hec verba:— Middelsexa:—A. H., civis [etc.'] queritur [etc. as above {]. Plegii de prosequendo [etc.]. Et predicti E. et P. per H. C, att. suum [cf. above it], veniunt. Et predictus E. dicit quod predictus A. responderi non debet, quia dicit quod idem A. est nativus suus tanquam pertinens ad manerium suum [etc.]; et quod idem E. et omnes antecessores sui domini manerii predicti, et omnes illi quorum statum idem E. habet in eodem manerio, fuerunt seisiti de predicto A. et antecessoribus suis ut de nativis et villanis suis, tanquam pertinentibus ad manerium suum predictum, a tempore quo non extat memoria; et petit judicium si predictus A. responderi debeat, etc. [cf. above Hi]. Et predictus P. defendit vim et injuriam quando etc. Et dicit quod predictus A. est nativus predicti E. tanquam pertinens ad manerium suum predictum et fuit tempore quo predictus A. supponit transgressionem predictam sibi fore factam; et quod idem E. et omnes antecessores sui [as above], fuerunt seisiti de predicto A. [as above]. Et dicit quod pro eo quod idem A. fuit rebellis et se per predictum E. dominum suum justificari noluit, et fuit fugiens, ipse P., consanguineus et heres apparens predicti E., per ejus preceptum, dictum A. cepit, et eum seisivit, prout ei bene licuit; absque hoc quod ipse predictum A. aliter verberavit seu vulneravit; et hoc paratus est verificare. Et petit judicium si predictus A. actionem suam predictam versus eum manutenere debeat, etc. [cf. above Hi]. Et predictus A., in propria persona sua, protestando quod dictus E. et antecessores sui [as above], non fuerunt seisiti de prefato A. et antecessoribus suis, prout predicti E. et P. superius allegaverunt; et pro placito dicit quod ipse ab occasione sua predicta per aliqua preallegata precludi non debet; quia dicit quod ipse est liber homo et libere condicionis et fuit tempore quo ipse A. supponit transgressionem predictam sibi fore factam, et non nativus predicti Edwardi prout predicti E. et P. supra placitando allegaverunt; et de hoc ponit se super patriam etc. Et predicti E. et P. similiter, etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti M. quod venire faciat [etc., cf. above Hi and iv], apud Westmonasterium, die Lune proxima post xvm S. Trinitatis, xxiiij01' tam milites, etc. de visneto de I. predicta per quos, etc. Et qui nee, etc. ad recognoscendum, etc. Quia tarn, etc. Idem dies datus est partibus predictis, etc. Ad quos diem et locum coram domino Rege veniunt predictus A. [etc.] et predicti E. et P. per att. suum predictum. Et vicecomes retornavit [cf. above v and vi] nomina juratorum quorum nullus venit, etc. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti [cf. above vii and viii] quod distringat eos per omnes terras, etc. Et quod de exitibus etc. Et quod habeat corpora eorum coram domino Rege apud W. die Veneris proxima post xvm S. Trinitatis ad faciendam juratam predictam, etc. Idem dies datus est partibus predictis, etc. Ad quos diem et locum coram domino Rege venit predictus A. in p. p. sua. Et predicti E. et Philippus per att. suum predictum, similiter venerunt. Et jura-
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tores venerunt [cf. above ix and x]; qui, de assensu partium predictarum ad hoc electi, triati et jurati, dicunt, super sacramentum suum [cf. above xi], quod predictus A. est liber homo et libere condicionis, et fuit tempore quo idem A. supponit transgressionem predictam sibi fore factam, prout idem A. supra placitando allegavit, et non nativus predicti E., prout iidem E. et P. supra placitando allegaverunt. Et assident dampna predicti A. occasione predicta ad quadraginta solidos [cf. above xi]. Et ulterius dicunt quod idem P. non est culpabilis de verberacione et vulneracione predictis prout, etc. Ideo consideratum est quod predictus A. recuperet versus predictos E. et P. dampna sua predicta superius per juratos predictos ad quadraginta solidos taxata. Et predicti E. et P. capiantur, etc. Et predictus A. in misericordia pro falso clamore suo de hoc quod idem P. acquietatus est, etc. Et predictus A., presens in curia, remittit prefatis Edwardo et Philippo dampna supradicta, etc. [cf. above xi]. Et predicti E. et P. fecerunt finem cum domino Rege occasione predicta, prout patet per rotulos Finium de isto eodem termino. Ideo ipsi eant inde sine die, etc. Dampna xl s. [Chanc. Misc. Bdle 47, File 2, No. 21.]
2. Gunwardby and others v. Windsor and others, in an Assize of Novel Disseisin (4 Henry IV). i. Original Writ of Summons for the Assize. Henricus, [as in No. 27] vicecomiti Cantebrigesire, Salutem. Questi sunt nobis Johannes de Gunwardby [and two others'] quod Johannes de Wyndesore [and 11 others] injuste et sine judicio disseisiverunt eos de libero tenemento suo in Rampton [etc.] post primam transfretacionem domini Henrici Regis, filii Regis Johannis, in Vasconiam. Et ideo tibi precipimus quod, si predicti J. de G. [etc.] fecerint te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tune facias tenementum illud reseisiri de catallis que in ipso capta fuerunt, et ipsum tenementum cum catallis esse in pace usque ad certum diem quem dilecti et fideles nostri Willelmus Thirnyng [and two others] tibi scire facient. Et interim facias xij liberos et legates homines de visneto illo videre tenementum illud et nomina eorum imbreviantur. Et summone eos per bonos summonitores quod tune sint coram prefatis W. [etc.] et hiis quos sibi associent ad certum locum quem iidem W. [etc.] tibi scire facient, parati inde facere recognicionem. Et pone per vadios et salvos plegios predictos J. de W. [etc.], vel ballivos suos si ipsi inventi non fuerint, quod tune sint ibi audituri illam recognicionem. Et habeas ibi summonitores, nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, xij die Novembris, anno regni nostri, quarto. Per ipsum Regem et pro quadraginta solidis solutis in hanaperio. Bubbewyth. ii. The Sheriff's Return {endorsed on the •writ). Per Nicholaum Bubbewyth. Plegii de prosequendo [two names]. J. de W. infranominatus attachiatus est per plegium etc. [two names]. Elias de Wyndesore [and nine others] infranominati, nichil habent in balliva mea per quod possunt attachiari, nee ballivos habent, nee sunt inventi in balliva mea post recepcionem hujus brevis. Et quoad summonere xij liberos et legates homines in balliva mea, de visneto, in isto brevi contentum; quia parcella tenementi in isto brevi contenta est in
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gildabili in balliva mea extra quamlibet libertatem, responsio mea inde patet in primo panello huic brevi consuto. Ac eciam quia parcella tenementi in isto brevi contenta est infra libertatem Radulfi Comitis Westmorlandie, honoris sui Richemondie, qui plenum returnum omnium brevium et executionem eorundem infra eandem libertatem habet, feci plenum retornum hujus brevis inde Thome Hasilden ballivi ejusdem libertatis cui executio inde pertinet facienda, qui michi respondit prout patet in secundo panello huic brevi consuto. Et similiter quia alia parcella tenementi in isto brevi contenta est infra libertatem Johannis Episcopi Eliensis, qui plenum retornum [etc.] infra eandem libertatem habet, feci plenum retornum hujus brevis, quoad parcellam illam infra eandem libertatem existentem, Thome Mounpellers ballivi libertatis illius cui executio inde pertinet facienda, qui michi respondit prout patet in tercio panello huic brevi consuto. De maneriis de Rampton [etc.] cum pertinenciis. Johannes Howard, vicecomes. iii. Panels of the Recognitors, and names of the Summoners, Mainprises and Sureties for appearance. Panellus Vicecomitis in gildabili. Edwardus Benstede, chivaler [and 23 others]. Summonitores etc. [names follow]. Manucapti per [names follow]. Responsio T. H. ballivi libertatis R. Comitis W. Paganus Tiptoft, chivaler, [and 23 others]. Summonitores etc. [namesfollow]. Manucapti per [namesfollow]. J. de W. in brevi domini Regis nominati attachiatus est per plegium [names follow]. R. de W. [etc.] [names follow]. Elias de Wyndesore [and nine others] in eodem brevi nominati nichil habent in balliva mea per quod possunt attachiari nee ballivos habent nee sunt inventi in eadem. Responsio T. M. ballivi libertatis J. Episcopi Eliensis. Thomas Aylesbury, chivaler [and 25 others]. Summonitores [names follow], manucapti per [names follow]. [The pledges and a return non inventi for the Wyndsors follow]. iv. Commission to the fustices for taking the Assize. Henricus [etc.] dilectis et fidelibus suis W. T. [etc.] Salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus vos justiciaries nostros una cum hiis quos vobis associetis ad Assisam Nove Disseisine capiendam quam J. de G. [etc.] arraiaverunt coram vobis per breve nostrum versus J. de W. et alios, in brevi nostro originali contentos, de tenementis in R. [etc.]. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos diem et locum, quos ad hoc provideritis, Assisam illam capiatis, facturi inde quod ad justiciam pertinet, secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie. Salvis nobis amerciamentis inde provenientibus. Mandavimus enim vicecomiti nostro Cantebrigesire quod ad certos diem et locum, quos ei scire facietis, Assisam illam coram vobis venire faciat. In cujus [etc.]. Teste [etc.], apud Westmonasterium, xij die Novembris, anno regni nostri quarto. Per ipsum Regem. Bubbewyth. v. Like Commission for a Quorum. Henricus [etc.] dilectis [etc.] W. T. [etc.] Salutem. Cum constituimus vos justiciaries [as above]. Vobis mandamus quod si vos omnes capcioni illius Assise
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commode interesse non possitis, tune duo vestrum, quos presentes esse contigerit, ad capcionem illius Assise secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie, procedatis. Teste [as above]. vi. Judicial Writ of Summons for taking the Assize of Novel Disseisin. Willelmus Thirnyng et socii sui justiciarii domini Regis ad quamdam Assisam Nove Disseisine [etc.] capiendam assignati, vicecomiti Cantabrigesire, Salutem. Ex parte domini Regis tibi precipimus quod venire facias coram nobis apud Cantebrigge, die Lune proxima post festum Sancti Hillarii proximo futurum, breve originale Assise predicte in omnibus, secundum formam et effectum ejusdem, plenarie executum et arraiatum. Proviso semper quod attachiamentum inde fiat per quindecim dies ante predictam diem Lune. Et habeas ibi breve originale Assise predicte in omnibus secundum formam et effectum ejusdem plenarie executum et arraiatum et hoc mandatum. Datum apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo septimo die Novembris, anno regni Regis Henrici quarti post Conquestum, quarto. vii. The Sheriff's Return endorsed on the above Writ. Venire feci coram justiciaries domini Regis infrascriptos ad diem et locum infra contentos breve originale Assise Nove Disseisine quam J. de G. [etc.] infranominati arraiaverunt versus J. de W. et alios in brevi domini Regis originali contentos, prout infra sit mencio, in omnibus secundum formam et effectum ejusdem plenarie executum et arraiatum. Johannes Howard, vicecomes. viii. Judicial Writ of Habeas Corpora to procure the attendance of the Recognitors. Henricus [etc.], vicecomiti Cantebrigesire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod habeas coram W. T. [etc.], justiciariis nostris ad quandam Assisam Nove Disseisine quam J. de G. [etc.] arraiaverunt versus J. de W. et alios in brevi nostro originali contentos de tenementis in R. [etc.] capiendam assignatis, apud Cantebrigge die Martis proxima ante festum SS. Fabiani et Sebastiani proximo futurum, corpora T. A., chivaler [and y$ others] recognitorum Assise predicte, ad faciendam recognicionem Assise illius. Et interim facias recognitores predictos predicta tenementa videre. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste Willelmo Thirnyng, apud Cantebrigge die Lune proxima post festum S. Hillarii, anno regni nostri quarto. ix. The Sheriff's Return endorsed on the above Writ. Quia quidam juratores infrascripti sunt in gildabili in balliva mea existentes inde ego J. H. vicecomes respondeo ut patet in primo panello huic brevi consuto. Et quia quidam juratores infrascripti sunt infralibertatem R. Comitis W. [as above, ii\. Et quia quidam juratores infrascripti sunt infra libertatem J. Episcopi E. [as above, it]. x. Panels of the Recognitors etc. for the Bailiwick and Liberties. Panellus Vicecomitis in gildabili. Edwardus Benstede, chivaler, manucaptus per [two names]. [23 other recognitors follow], Responsio T. H. ballivi libertatis R., Comitis W., honoris sui Richemondie. Paganus Tiptoft, chivaler, manucaptus per [etc.] [and 23 other recognitors]. Responsio T. M., ballivi libertatis J. Episcopi E. Thomas Aylesbury, chivaler, manucaptus per [etc.] [and 25 other recognitors].
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xi. Judicial Writ for Distraining the Recognitors by all their lands and chattels to take the Assize. Henricus [etc.] vicecomiti Cantebrigesire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod distringas T. A., chivaler [and others'] recognitores cujusdam Assise Nove Disseisine [etc.], per omnes terras et catalla sua in balliva tua. Ita quod nee ipsi nee aliquis per ipsos ad ea manum apponat donee aliud a nobis inde habueris preceptum. Et quod de exitibus eorundem nobis respondeas. Et quod habeas corpora eorum coram W. T. [etc.] justiciariis [etc.] apud Cantebrigge die Mercurii proxima ante festum SS. Fab. et Sebast. proximo futurum ad faciendam recognicionem Assise predicte et ad audiendum judicium suum de pluribus defaltis. Et interim facias recognitores predictos predicta tenementa videre. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste [as above] die Martis proxima ante festum SS. Fabiani et Sebastiani, anno regni nostri quarto. xii. [The three Jury Panels as before, indicating the Mainprises and values of the issues and the attendances of the Recognitors of whom, 12 are marked as sworn.] xiii. Judicial Writ for compelling the appearance of the Defendants. Henricus [etc.] vicecomiti Cantebrigesire, Salutem. Precipimus tibi quod non omittas propter aliquam libertatem comitatus tui quin capias J. de W. [etc.] si inventi fuerint in balliva tua. Et eos salvo custodias. Ita quod habeas corpora eorum coram W. T. [etc.] justiciariis [etc. as above] apud Cantebrigiam die Sabati in Festo SS. Fab. et Sebast. ad satisfaciendum nobis de redempcionibus suis pro quadam disseisina prefatis J. de G. [etc.] de tenementis in R. [etc.] per prefatos J. de W. [etc.] vi et armis facta, unde convicti sunt. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste [as above] die Veneris proxima ante festum [as above]. xiv. The Sheriff's Return of Non inventi {endorsed on the writ). J. de W. et omnes alii defendentes infranominati non fuerunt inventi in balliva mea post recepcionem hujus brevis. Johannes Howard, vicecomes. xv. The Record of the above Case as enrolled1. Dominus Rex mandavit dilectis et fidelibus suis Willelmo Thirnyng etc. Litteras suas Patentes in hec verba. Henricus [etc. as in iv above]. Quarum litterarum pretextu preceptum fuit vicecomiti Cantebrigesire quod venire faceret [cf. above vi] coram prefatis justiciariis apud Cantebrigge, die Lune proxima post festum S. Hillarii tune proximo sequens breve originale Assise predicte in omnibus secundum formam et effectum plenarie executum et arraiatum. Proviso semper quod attachiamentum inde fieret per quindecim dies ante predictam diem Lune. Et vicecomes fecit inde executionem [etc. as above vii]. Assisa Nove Disseisine quam Johannes de Gunwardby [etc.] arraiaverunt versus Johannem de Wyndesore [etc.] in brevi Domini Regis originali contentos de tenementis in Rampton [etc.] apud Cantebrigge coram W. de T. [etc.] die Lune proxima post festum S. Hillarii regni Regis Henrici [etc.] quarto. J. de Wyndesores alias de Wyndesore [etc.] ponunt loco suo [Attornies named] versus J. de G. [etc.] de placito Nove Disseisine. Assisa venit recognitura si 1
The Record is mutilated. No enrolment has been found.
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J. de W. [etc.] injuste etc. disseisiverunt J. de G. [etc.] de libero tenemento suo in R. [etc.] post [etc.]. Et unde iidem J. de G. [etc.] in propriis personis suis queruntur quod disseisiverunt eos de maneriis de R. [etc.] cum pertinenciis [etc.]. Et predicti J. de W. [etc.] per J. W. attornatum suum veniunt. Et prd. Ricardus Page [and six others] non veniunt, set quidam J. S. respondet pro prd. R. P. [and Jive others] tanquam eorum attornatus. Et de prd. Ricardo Barbour mandavit vicecomes quod nichil habet in balliva sua per quod potest attachiari, nee habet ballivum nee est inventus in balliva sua. Ideo Assisa prd. capiatur versus eum per defaltam, etc. Et tam prd. Ricardus Writtill pro se ipso per attornatum suum quam prd. ballivus pro prd. R. P. etc. separatim dicunt quod non habetur tenens liberi tenementi prd. maneriorum nunc in visu positorum nominatus in brevi prd., nee fuit die impetracionis brevis illius, scilicet duodecimo die Novembris, anno regni domini Regis nunc quarto. Et hoc parati sunt verificare, unde separatim petunt judicium de brevi illo. Et si etc. tune tam idem R. W. pro se ipso per attornatum suum prd. quam prd. ballivus pro prd. R. P. [etc.] separatim,die quod ipsi...injuriam seu disseisinam prefatis J. de G. [etc.] de prd. maneriis [«&•.]...fecerunt. Et de hoc separatim ponunt se super Assisam etc. Et prd. J. de G. [etc.] similiter. Ideo capiatur inde inter eos Assisa etc. Et prd. J. de W. dicit quod ipse est solus tenens prd. maneriorum [etc.] et fuit prd. die impetracionis brevis prd.; absque hoc quod prd. Robertus de Wyndesore vel aliquis alius in brevi prd. nominatus tune aliquid habuit in libero tenemento eorundem. [// is pleaded at length that the premises escheated to the crown and were granted out.] Unde non intendit quod justiciarii hie ulterius in captionem Assise prd., ipso domino Rege nunc inconsulto, procedere velint, et petit auxilium de ipso domino Rege. Et prd. Elias et Rogerus [plead the same]. Super quo quesitum est per justiciaries a Willelmo de Castelacre, escaetore domini Regis in comitatu prd., presente hie in Curia, si prd. maneria cum pertinenciis nunc in visu positis in manibus domini Regis nunc existant necne. Qui quidem escaetor, super sacramentum suum inde examinatus, dicit, super sacramentum suum, quod maneria prd. cum pertinenciis in manibus domini Regis nunc modo non existunt nee per ipsum escaetorem uncquam in manus domini Regis nunc seisita fuerunt nee per aliquem alium ad ipsius escaetoris intellectum aut noticiam. Et prd. J. de G. [etc.] dicunt quod prd. J. de W. est solus tenens [etc.] et fuit prd. die impetracionis brevis sui scilicet [etc.] et petunt quod procedatur ad capcionem Assise prd., aliqua materia per prd. J. de W. [etc.] superius separatim allegata non obstante ; super quo, aliqua materia [etc.] non obstante, dictum est eidem J. de W. quod ulterius responderet si, etc. Et super hoc prd. J. de W. dicit quod quidam Willelmus Beauchamp, chivaler [and another] fuerunt seisiti de prd. maneriis [etc.] nunc in visu positis in dominico suo ut de feodo, et sic unde seisiti, maneria ilia [etc.] dederunt et concesserunt eidem J. de W. habendum sibi [etc.] imperpetuum; virtute cujus doni idem J. de W. seisitus est de prd. maneriis [etc.] in dominico suo [etc.] absque aliqua injuria seu disseisina prefatis J. de G. [etc.] inde faciendis. Et de hoc ponunt se super Assisam. Et prd. J. de G. [etc.] similiter. Ideo capiatur inde inter eos Assisa, etc. Et quia prd. R. de W. [etc.] nichil allegant quare Assisa prd. remanere debeat. Consideratum est quod Assisa prd. inter prd. J. de G. [etc.] ac prd. R. de W. [etc.] capiatur, etc. Set remaneat capienda usque diem Martis proximam ante festum SS. Fabiani et Sebastiani proximo futurum, coram prefatis justiciariis [etc.] pro defectu recognitionis, etc. quia nullus venit. Ideo vicecomes tune habeat ibidem corpora recognitorum, etc. Et interim etc. [cf. above viii]. Idem dies datus est tam prd. J. de G. [etc.] quam prd. J. de W. [etc.]. Et similiter
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predicto ballivo ibidem, etc. Ad quem diem Martis [etc.] coram prefatis W. T. [etc.] apud Cantebrigge veniunt tarn prd. J. de G. [etc.] in p. p. suis quam prd. J. de W. [etc.] per J. W. attornatum suum. Et similiter prd. ballivus venit. Et Assisa prd. remaneat capienda usque diem Mercurii proximam ante festum SS. Fab. et Sebast. proximo futurum coram prefatis justiciariis [etc.] pro defectu recognitorum etc. quia nullus venit [cf. above ix, x\ Ideo vicecomes distringat recognitores, etc. [cf. above xi]. Et interim etc. Idem dies datus est tam prd. J. de G. [etc.] quam prd. J. de W. [etc.] et similiter prd. ballivo ibidem, etc. Ad quem diem Mercurii [etc.] coram prefatis W. T. [etc.] apud Cantebrigge veniunt tam prd. J. de G. [etc.] quam prd. J. de W. [etc.] et similiter prd. ballivus venit. Et super hoc recognitores exacti [cf. above xii] veniunt; qui ad veritatem de premissis dicendam electi, triati et jurati, dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod prd. maneria [etc.] in eorum visu posita seu aliqua parcella eorundem in manibus domini Regis nunc non existunt nee uncquam in manus domini Regis nunc seisita fuerunt; et ulterius dicunt, super [etc.] quod prd. J. de W. est solus tenens ut de libero tenemento de eisdem maneriis [etc.] in eorum visu positis et fuit die impetracionis brevis scilicet [etc.], Et ulterius dicunt super [etc.] quod prd. J. de G. [etc.] fuerunt seisiti de eisdem maneriis [etc.] ut de libero tenemento quousque prd. J. de W. [etc.] ipsos inde injuste et sine judicio et vi et armis disseisiverunt, ad dampnum ipsorum J. de G. [etc.] quingentarum librarum. Et dicunt quod prd. R. B. non interfuit disseisine predicte. Ideo consideratum est quod prd. J. de G. [etc.] recuperent seisinam suam de prd. maneriis [etc.] per visum recognitorum Assise prd. et dampna sua prd. superius ad quingentas libras assessa. Et prd. J. de W. [etc.] capiantur etc. Et prd. J. de G. [etc.] in misericordia pro falso clamore suo versus prd. R. B. qui acquietatus est de disseisina prd. Et ipse est inde sine die etc. Dampna D /. unde W. de W. et W. C. clericis prefatorum justiciariorum [and three others] xl marce et G. de T. proclamatori etc. xl s. Preceptum fuit vicecomiti quod non omitteret propter aliquam libertatem comitatus sui quin caperet J. de W. [etc. as in xiit]. Et modo hie, scilicet apud Cantebrigiam, ad hunc diem, scilicet prd. diem Sabbati, coram prefatis Johanne Cokeyn et Johanne Markham, justiciariis etc., presencia prd. Willelmi Thirnyng non expectata virtute brevis domini Regis ' Si non omnes,' quod sequitur in hec verba [cf. above v], predicti J. de W. [etc.] solempniter exacti non veniunt. Et vicecomes modo mandat quod non sunt inventi etc. [cf. above xiv]. Ideo preceptum est vicecomiti quod exigi faciat eos de comitatu in comitatum quousque etc. utlagentur; si non etc. Et si etc. tune eos capiat. Et salvo etc. Ita quod habeat corpora eorum coram prefatis justiciariis apud Cantebrigiam die Lune proxima post festum S. Margarete Virginis proximo futurum etc. Et unde etc. [Chan. Misc. Bdle 50, File 2 (21).]
3. Placita de Ludlowe: Actions upon the writ of Praecipe in capite and the Writ of Right; with further proceedings by the Grand Assize, in the case of Warin de Montchenesi and others v. Walter de Lacy and others (21—28 Henry III)1. Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, Dux Normannie Aquitanie et Comes Andegavie, vicecomiti Salopesire, Salutem. Precipe Waltero 1 Mr G. J. Turner has kindly assisted in arranging this document.
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de Lacy quod juste et sine dilatione reddat Warino de Montechenisio ij carucatas terre cum pertinenciis in Ludelawe. Precipe Waltero filio Gilberti de Lacy quod juste etc. reddat eidem War. manerium de Ludelawe exceptis ij car. terre pertinentibus in eadem villa. Precipe eidem Wai. quod juste etc. reddat eidem War. man. de Stanthone cum pertinenciis. Precipe Willelmo filio Stephani de Ebroicis quod juste, etc. reddat eidem War. xij virgatas terre cum pertinenciis in Ethon. Precipe Willelmo de Fenes quod juste etc. reddat eidem War. j car. terre cum pertinenciis in Maneford quam clamat esse jus et hereditatem suam et tenere de nobis in capite, et unde queritur quod predicti Wai. [etc.] ei injuste deforciaverunt. Et nisi fecerint, et idem War. fecerit te securum de clamio suo prosequendo, tune summoneas per bonos summonitores predictos Wai. [etc.] quod sint coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium a die S. J. Bapt. in xv dies, ostensuri quare non fecerint. Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xx die Maii, anno regni nostri xxj. Henricus [etc.] vicecomiti Herefordie, Salutem. Precipe Wai. filio G. de L. quod juste [etc.] reddat War. de M. manerium de Wibbele cum pertinenciis [three other precepts follow] quod clamat esse jus [etc. as above] et nisi fecerint [etc. as above]. Teste [etc. as above]. Henricus [etc.] vicecomiti Wiltesire, Salutem. Precipe Radulfo de Tony et Petronille uxori ejus quod juste [etc.] reddant War. de M. man. de Bretford cum pertinenciis quod clamat [etc. as above] et nisi fecerint [as above], Teste me [as above]. Breve de recto. Henricus [etc.] venerabili patri in Christo R. eadem gratia Herefordiensi Episcopo, Salutem. Mandamus vobis quod sine dilatione plenum rectum teneatis War. de M. de octo car. terre et uno molendino cum pertinenciis in Haninge que clamat tenere de nobis per servicium duorum feodorum militum pro omni servicio. Unde vos ipsi unam car., Prior de Creswell tres car. et unum molendinum, W. filius War. duas car., Petrus Underwod j car., et Hen. de Bradele j car. terre ej deforciantur; et nisi feceritis vicecomes Herefordie faciet, ne amplius unde clamorem audiamus pro defectu recti. Teste me ipso, apud Westmonasterium, xx die Maii, anno regni nostri xxj1.
Placita a die Sancti Johannis Baptiste in xv dies, anno regni Regis Henrici xxj. A die vero S. J. Bapt. in xv dies comparuit dominus War. et fecit duos attornatos scilicet J. de H. et R. de W. R. de T. per att. suum et J. filius G. per att. suum ad ilium diem comparuerunt; et omnes alii in brevi se essoniaverunt et datus est dies omnibus a die S. Mich, in j mensem. Wai. de B. quia non est in aliquo brevi s. e. etc.
Placita a die S. Mich, in j mensem anno regni Regis Henrici xxj. Die vero S. Mich, in j mensem apparuit dominus War. in propria persona. Wil. de F. petiit inquisitionem terre, scilicet de j car. in D. in comitatu Salop, J. filius W. filii Alani per att. suum petit visum terre, scilicet de ij acris in M. in eodem comitatu. W. filius G. de L. fecit defaltam de man. de W. in comitatu Herefordie et de L., 1 It will be noticed that the usual writ of Pone is omitted in this compilation.
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exceptis ij car., in comitatu Salopsire, et de man. de S. cum pertinenciis in eodem comitatu. Et dominus J. filius G. habuit breve quod vocatur Cape vicecomiti Herefordie de W. et aliud Cape vicecomiti S. quod caperet etc. man. de L. et S. et diem capcionis, etc. Wai. de L. antiquus e. s. de m. 1. et jacet apud L.; et dominus J. filius G. habuit breve ad videndum. Wil. filius S. de E. et I. quondam uxor ejusdem S. similiter apud F. in comitatu H., et habuit dominus J. breve. Petronilla uxor R. de T. e. s. de m. 1. apud C. in comitatu Kantebrygge, et J. habuit breve. Et R. de T. comparuit. J. filius G. et I. uxor ejus non comparuerunt. In respectum quia Eyas extra comitatum. Datus est dies partibus a die Pasche in xv dies. Episcopus H. comparuit, veniens de comitatu H. per att. suum in octabis S. Mart, anno regni Regis Henrici xxij. Et dominus inde comparuit per R. de B. att. suum. Et ad ilium diem dictus Episcopus petiit visum terre. Dominus J. habuit breve ad videndum. Prior de C. [and three others] qui in eodem brevi sunt s. e. et d. e. dies a die Pasche in v septimanas.
Placita a die Pasche in v septimanas. A die vero P. in v s. Episcopus H. s. e. de m. v. post visum terre, et d. e. ei dies a die S. Mich, in tres s. Eodem die Prior de C. post essonium de m. v. s. e. de m. 1. apud H. Wil. Neirnoit habuit dies : breve ut supra. P. U. super quem j car. terre, s. e. de m. 1* apud L. in comitatu S. W. N. habuit dies : breve ut supra W. filius War. de ij car. terre in eodem brevi et H. de B. de j car. terre petierunt visum terre et W. N. habuit breve. Et omnibus hiis datus est dies a die S. Mich, in tres s.
Placita a die S. Mich, in tres s. scilicet ante festum SS. Symonis et Jude, anno xxij. A die vero S. Mich, in tres s. Episcopus H. comparuit per att. suum et ponit se super Magnam Assisam de j car. terre cum pertinenciis in H., videlicet utrum ipse qui tenens est majus jus habeat in ilia car. terre que de jure ad ecclesiam suam solet pertinere an idem War. qui petens est; sicut de ilia in qua Paganus filius obiit seisitus tempore pacis et tempore Henrici Regis avi, avi etc. et datus est dies dicto att. Episcopi et War. comparendo in crastino Purificationis B. M., anno xxiij. Eodem die Prior de Kreswell et P. U. comparuerunt; Prior pro se et P. eodem die fecit att. et petierunt visum terre. Dies in crastino Pur., ut supra. H. de B. s. e. Dies ut supra. Wil. filius War. mortuus est. Heres ipsius Wil. filii War. est quedam Amicitia quam Wil. de L. juvenis disponsavit. Et sciendum quod ipsa A. filia fuit filie ipsius Wil. filii War. E. de B. liberavit ' breve de recto' subcelerario de S. Trinitate. Henricus, etc. vicecomiti S., Salutem. Precipe J. filio Wil. filii A. quod juste, etc. reddat War. de M. vj car. terre cum pertinenciis, exceptis advocatione ecclesie et c. sol. terre in eadem villa quas clamat esse jus [etc.] [as on p. 223, 1. 8] et unde queritur quod predictus J. ei deforciavit; et nisi fecerit, quia War. fecit nos securos de clamore suo prosequendo per [two sureties] summone per bonos summonitores
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prefatutn Johannem quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium a die S. Mart, in octo dies ostensurus quare non fecerit. Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. Teste me ipso apud M., j die Augusti, anno regni nostri xxij.
Placita a die Pasche in xv dies, anno regni Henrici xxij. Salop. A die vero Pasche in xv dies Wil. de L. de ij car. terre comparuit et petit v. t. post essonium de m. v. et essonium de m. 1. Visus factus est per W. N. vigilia Trinitatis de ij car. etc. et castello in L. D. e. dies a die S. J. Bapt. in octo dies. Wil. filius G. de L., qui ad primum die s. e. et ad alium diem fecit defaltam cum replegiavit terram suam, comparuit ad xv Pasche et quia infra etatem fuit, in respectum usque ad rationabilem etatem suam, et tune resummonita erit loquela etc. scilicet anno regni Regis Henrici xxij. Wil. filius S. de E. super quem xij virgate terre, qui ad primum diem s. e., scilicet ad xv S. J. Bap., veniendi, et ad unum mensem S. Mich. s. e. de m. 1., comparuit a die Pasche in xv dies, et quia infra etatem, remansit loquela ut supra, etc. scilicet anno regni Regis Henrici [etc.'] xxij. Hereford. Idem Wil. filius S. super quem petitum fuit man. de Stoke Lacy comparuit et quia infra etatem ut supra. Ysabella que fuit uxor S. de E. post essonium de m. v. et de m. 1. per att. suum per breve Regis comparuit et petiit v. t. de ij car. in F.; et breve preceptum fuit, et visus factus est per W. N., et dies d. e. in octabis S. J. Bap. Nomina visatorum, Robertus Turmel [and three others]. Att. R. de T. s. e. et uxor ejus comparuit de man. de E. et d. e. dies in octabis S. J. Bap. ut supra ; et tune oportet ipsos comparere. Wiltesira. Eodem modo de eisdem R. et P. de breve de B. et dies ut supra, scilicet a die J. Bap. in octo dies. Salop. W. de F. de j car. in D. post essonium de m. v. et post v. t. se essoniavit a die Pasche in xv dies ; et d. e. dies ut superius in octabis S. J. J. filius Wil. filius A. de ij car. terre in M. [in the same form\ De dicto J. filio G. et Y. uxore ejus in respectum quia est extra comitatum.
Placita a die S. Johannis in octo dies. Salop. A die vero S. J. B. in octo dies Wai. de L. s. e. de ij car. terre in L. post essonium de m. v. et m. 1. et post v. t.; et d. e. dies ad octabas S. Mart. Hereford. I. que fuit uxor S. de E. ad eundem terminum de ij car. terre et pertinenciis in F. per att. suum s. e. [in the same form]. R. de T. per att. suum et P. uxor ejus in p. p. comparuerunt et petierunt visum etc. scilicet de man. de E. Preceptum fuit breve de visu et d. e. dies ad octabas S. Mart. Wilts. Idem R. de T. per att. suum et P. uxor ejus ad dictum diem petierunt visum terre de man. de B. et d. e. dies ad octabas S. Mart. Salop. W. de F. de j car. terre in D. post essonium de m. v. et post visum comparuit ad dictum diem, scilicet ad octabas S. J. et vocavit Watekin de Lacy ad warantum per cartam Gilberti de Lacy patris ipsius Wai. quia att. War. non potuit contradicere, et cognovit quod est infra etatem quia Wai. est infra etatem etc. Ita recedit dictus W. de F. sine die usque ad rationabilem etatem dicti Wai. et tune resummonita erit loquela. H. F. II.
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J. films W. filii A. venit et defendit jus suum quando etc. et dicit quod non debetur ei ad hoc breve respondere; et quia ipse non tenet integram totam terram quam petit versus eum, quia quidem Wil. de Nawerthon tenet inde c. sol. terre que est de pertinenciis predictarum duarum car. terre, et preterea non habet advocacionem ecclesie eidem ville, quia est de pertinenciis predicte terre, et bene concedit quod ipse tenet vj car. terre in predicta villa. Et War. per att. suum non potest hoc contradicere; et petit licenciam recedendi de brevi suo et habet; et ideo inde sine die. Et tune recognitus fuit idem J. filii W. filii A. per novum breve, tale scilicet:— Henricus [etc.] vicecomiti S., Salutem. Precipe J. filio Wil. filii A. quod juste, etc. reddat War. de M. vj car. terre [etc.] in M. exceptis advocatione ecclesie [etc.] quas clamat [etc.] et nisi fecerit quia War. fecerat [etc.] per tales summonitores, etc. quod sit coram justiciariis [etc.] a die S. Mart, in octo dies responsurus quare non fecit, et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. Teste me ipso apud Merewelle j die Augusti, anno regni nostri xxij.
Placita a die S. Mart, in octo dies. Salop. A die vero S. Mart, in viij dies dictus J. filius Wil. filii A. s. e. primo die et d. e. dies in crastino Pur. S. M. Item, ad eundem diem comparuit Wai. de L. per Wil. de L. att. suum et respondit quod non debuit ad breve nostrum respondere ; et ideo quia Wai. de L. non fuit in seisina de ipsis car. terre quas exigimus, quia ipse Wil. de L. et protulit cartam dicti Wai. de L. de feffamento, et concessit att. quod Wai. de L. tenet castellum de L. in sua manu et Wil. dictas ij car. terre ; et ideo recessit War. de M. de brevi per licenciam. Et Wai. resummonitus est per novum breve in comitatu Salop., ' quod reddat castrum de L. War. de M.; et Wil. de L. reddat eidem War. ij car. terre in eadem villa; et nisi fecerint,' etc., quod sunt responsuri apud Westmonasterium in crastino Pur. B. M. Hereford. Y. que fuit uxor S. de E. comparuit per att. suum et vocavit Wil. filium S. de E., filium suum, ad warantum; et quesitum fuit ubi deberet summoniri; et responsum fuit quod fuit in custodia Episcopi W.; et d. e. dies in crastino Pur. ut supra. R. de T. comparuit per att. suum et P. uxor ejus s. e.; et d. e. dies ut supra.
Placita in crastino Pur. B. M. anno xxiij. Hereford. Y. que fuit uxor S. de E. versus quam petit ij car. terre in F. comparuit per att. suum in crastino Pur. B. M. et Episcopus W., qui habuit custodiam filii ipsius Y., quem ipsa Y. vocavit ad warantum, s. e. et d. e. dies a die Pasche in v s. Wilts. R. de T. per att. suum comparuit post essonium et post v. t., et P. s. e. de m. 1. Preceptum fuit breve ad videndum. Primus dies hoc breve venit scilicet in crastino Pur. B. M. super Wai. de L. et Wil. de Lucy. Salop. W. de L. s. e. primo de ultra mare in Hybernia super quem exigitur Castrum de L. sine pertinenciis et adjudicata fuit essonia tanquam de m. v. et d. e. dies a die Pasche in v s. ut supra. Wil. de L. versus quem exigitur ij car. terre sine pertinenciis similiter s. e. primo et d. e. dies ut supra. J. filius Wil. filii A. s. e. de m. 1. post essonium de m. v. et ante visum terre et
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d. e. dies a die Pasche in v s. ut supra et hoc breve venit ad octabas S. Mart, anno xxiij. Hereford. Per breve de recto, Episcopus H., qui posuit se in Magnam Assisam de j car. terre cum pertinenciis in H. a die S. Mich, in tres s. anno xxij secundum datum Regis usque ad festum Symonis et Jude, comparuit per att. suum et per quatuor milites qui sutnmoniti fuerunt ad eligendam Assisam non venerunt; preceptum fuit breve ad ponendum illos per wadios et salvos plegios ; et datus est dies a die Pasche in v s. ut supra. Prior de C. s. e. post visum terre et d. e. dies ut supra. Att. P. U. s. e. similiter post v. t. et d. e. dies ut supra. H. de B. s. e. post v. t. et d. e. dies ut supra.
Placita a die Pasche in v septimatias. Hereford. Y. que fuit uxor S. de E. comparuit per att. suum et Episcopus W. qui habuit filium Y. in custodia, eodem die comparuit per att. suum, sed Wil. fil. S. non venit, et att. War. petiit ut ei fuisset defalta ilia locata, desicut fuit vocatus ad warantum et non venit. Judicium quod ij car. terre ipsius Wil., quas idem Episcopus habet in custodia, caperentur in manu Regis et d. e. dies partibus a die S. Mich, in viij dies. Hereford et Wilts. R. de L. att. R. de T. s. e. post v. t. et P. uxor ejus comparuit per att. suum post essonium de m. v. et m. 1. Dies ut supra. Salop. Wai. de L. s. e. primo ad hoc breve in crastino Pur. B. M. de ultra mare in Hybernia ; cui responsum fuit quod essonium illud non fuit de ultra mare set tantum de m. v. S. e. de m. v. ad hunc diem, et att. War. petit ei hoc allocari, et justiciarii responderunt quod pauci erant ad judicium prestandum; ideo inrespectum usque ad octabas S. Mich. Salop. Wil. de L., qui s. e. primo in crastino Pur. a0 xxiij de m. v. non comparuit ad hunc diem; ideo judicium quod vicecomes caperet in manum Regis ij car. terre, sicut continetur in brevi, et quod idem Wil. resummonitus esset a die S. Mich, in octo dies, quare non servaverit etc. et ita d. e. dies ut supra. Salop. J. fil. A., qui ante visum terre s. e. de m. v. et m. 1. comparuit ad hunc diem per att. suum et petit v. t. et habet. Dies ut supra. Episcopus H., qui posuit se in Magnam Assisam per att. suum de j car. terre [etc.] in H. a die S. Mich, in iij s. anno xxij, ad hunc diem non comparuit, sed ejus att. s. e. et duo milites non venerunt; et ideo breve etc. ad habendum corpora ad dictum terminum. Prior de C. ad hunc diem s. e. de m. 1. et preceptum fuit breve ad videndum ipsum priorem, et dies d. e. a die S. Mich, in viij dies. H. de B. comparuit et posuit se in Magnam Assisam etc., Preceptum fuit breve ad summonendum iiij01' milites in die S. Mich, in octo dies. P. U. comparuit et respondit quod nichil de terra tenuit. War. per att. hoc non potuit contradicere ; et ideo retraxit de brevi; et ideo sine die.
Placita a die S. Mich, in octo dies, anno xxiij. Hereford. Y. que fuit uxor S. de E., que vocaverat Wil. filium suum ad warantum comparuit per att., et idem Wil. comparuit et recedit sine die, quia est infra etatem. Hereford et Wilts. R. de T. et P . uxor ejus comparuerunt per att. et quia quidam liber homo, Henricus de Dun, tenuit j hidam terre in man. de B.
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super quo non fuit facta aliqua mentio, unde idem R. nichil habuit in servicio vel aliis; et quia alius liber Simo de Weston, nomine, tenuit in man. de E. j virgatam terre de domino Wai. de L. quern idem Wai. retinuerat ad summoniendos milites suos quando dedit man. illud cum filia sua ; et ideo att. War. petiit licentiam recedendi de brevi, et habuit; et ideo sine die, etc. Salop. Wil. de L. comparuit in propria persona et vocavit Wai. de L. ad warantum; et idem W. habet breve ad faciendum venire ipsum War., et d. e. dies in adventu justiciariorum ad partes illas. Salop. Wai. de L. non comparuit, sed Wil. de L. venit et protulit Literas Regis directas justiciariis ad ponendum loquelam que fuit inter War. petentem et ipsum Wai. coram ipsis ad quindenam S. Mich, in respectum usque ad xv Pasche ; et quamvis nulla loquela est inter predictos ad xv S. Mich, tantummodo ad oct. S. Mich., nichil potuit valere ipsa exceptio, sed expectet diem suum, scilicet ad xv Pasche. Salop. Att. J. fil. Alani s. e. et d. e. dies ad oct. S. Hil., et interim mortuus est J. Att. Episcopi de H. comparuit et iiijor milites elegerunt Assisam, videlicet, hos subscriptos {the namesfollow\ et hujusmodi breve ad faciendum venire Assisam ; et d. e. dies ad oct. S. Hil. H. de B. comparuit in p. p., qui posuerat se in Magnam Assisam et per eosdem milites qui elegerant Assisam Episcopi electi sunt milites ad faciendum hanc recognitionem; ita scilicet quod iidem milites erunt ad utramque recognitionem faciendatn; et d. e. dies ad oct. S. Hil., ut supra; et hujusmodi brevia de utraque parte. Prior de C. comparuit et vocavit ad warantum W. de L. et d. e. dies in adventu justiciariorum ad partes. Hie ilinerantes justiciarii anno xxv apud Salopesbiriam. Die vero Jovis proxima ante festum S. Mart, anno regno Regis Henrici filii Regis Johannis xxv venerunt justiciarii itinerantes apud Salopesbiriam, et ea die essoniatus fuit Wai. de L. versus War. de m. 1. et quia tempus breve fuit de summonitione adventus justiciariorum, att. War. similiter fuerunt essoniati ad ilium diem, et e. d. datus essoniandi usque ad oct. S. Mart. Salopsira. Ad oct. S. Mart, comparuit War. coram justiciariis, loco quo prius, et d. e. dies tarn eidem War. quam essoniatori dicti Wai. de L. a die S. Mart, in unum mensem apud Lichefeld. Et memorandum quod dominus War. fecit duos att. scilicet [the names follow\
Placita a die S. Mart, in j mensem apud Lichefeld. Lichefeld. A die vero S. Mart, in j mensem comparuit dominus War. apud L. personaliter; et quia W. de L. nondum visus fuit, d. e. dies a die S. Hil. in xv dies apud Eboracum, et hujusmodi breve ad distringendum milites etc.; tune fecit dominus War. tertium att. scilicet A. de H.
Placita apud Eboracum a die S. Hil. in xv dies anno xxv. Ebor. A die vero S. Hil. in xv dies comparuit War. et optulit se versus Wai. de L. et Wil. de L. et Priorem de C. Et Wil. de L. protulit breve Regis directum justiciariis quod ponerent loquelam que fuit coram ipsis inter War. de M., petentem, et Wai. de L., deforciantem, de castro de L. in respectum, in eodem statu quo tune fuit, usque a die Pasche in xv s. coram justiciariis de Banco apud Londoniam; et idem dies d. e. War. et Wai. Et War. petiit quod ei allocaretur desicut W. de L. et Prior vocaverunt Wai. de L. ad warantum, et ilium non habuerunt; Responsum
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fuit quod omnia pro loco et tempore ei allocari debuerant; et d. e. dies partibus a die Pasche in xv s. ad Bancum Londonie; et dictum fuit tam Wil. quam Priori quod prosequerentur versus Wai. de L. Hereford. Die Martis proxima post tres s. Pasche, anno xxv, fuit R. de B. att. domini W. de M. apud Hereford coram justiciariis ibidem itinerantibus versus H. de B. et d. e. dies a die S. J. Bap. in tres s. apud Gloverniam eodem anno. Salop et Hereford. A die Pasche in v s. anno xxv venit War. per att. suum et W. de L. et Prior de C. Et idem Prior in comitatu Herefordie vocavit ad warantum, mortuo War. de L., Johannem de Verdon et Margeriam uxorem ejus, qui sunt in custodia Roysie de V. et Mat. sororem ejus, filias et heredes G. de L., per cartam. Wil. de L. per att. suum vocavit similiter predictos per cartam, qui fuerunt infra etatem, et ideo recesserunt sine die; et cum ad etatem pervenerint, inquirantur rotuli, et resummoniatur loquela in statu in quo remansit. Endorsed: Memorandum quod dominus War. comparuit versus Wil. Blundum apud Oxoniam a die Pasche in j mensem. D. e. dies partibus a die S. Mich, in j mensem apud Westmonasterium in Banco. {Miscellaneous of the Exchequer
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CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.