LLERGIES A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright Ó2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright Ó2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Allergies: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83550-0 1. Allergies-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on allergies. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications.
Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ALLERGIES ................................................................................................ 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Combined Health Information Database ................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Allergies...................................................................................... 22 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 22 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed................................................................................ 26 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ALLERGIES .................................................................................... 107 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 107 Finding Nutrition Studies on Allergies .................................................................................... 107 Federal Resources on Nutrition................................................................................................. 111 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 111 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ALLERGIES .............................................................. 119 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 119 The Combined Health Information Database ............................................................................ 119 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ............................................... 120 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 126 General References..................................................................................................................... 152 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ALLERGIES ................................................................................ 153 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 153 Dissertations on Allergies ......................................................................................................... 153 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 154 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ALLERGIES .......................................................................... 155 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 155 Recent Trials on Allergies ......................................................................................................... 155 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 168 CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ALLERGIES........................................................................................... 171 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 171 Patents on Allergies................................................................................................................... 171 Patent Applications on Allergies............................................................................................... 315 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 357 CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON ALLERGIES .............................................................................................. 359 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 359 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies ........................................................................................... 359 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers ........................................................................................ 361 The National Library of Medicine Book Index........................................................................... 371 Chapters on Allergies ................................................................................................................ 373 Directories ................................................................................................................................. 377 CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON ALLERGIES ................................................................................... 379 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 379 Video Recordings....................................................................................................................... 379 Audio Recordings ...................................................................................................................... 380 Bibliography: Multimedia on Allergies ..................................................................................... 381 CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ALLERGIES ................................................................ 383 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 383 News Services and Press Releases ............................................................................................. 383 Newsletters on Allergies............................................................................................................ 387 Newsletter Articles .................................................................................................................... 387 Academic Periodicals covering Allergies................................................................................... 388 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES.......................................................................................... 391 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 391
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Contents NIH Guidelines ..........................................................................................................................391 NIH Databases ...........................................................................................................................393 Other Commercial Databases .....................................................................................................396 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ...............................................................................................397 Overview ....................................................................................................................................397 Patient Guideline Sources ..........................................................................................................397 Associations and Allergies .........................................................................................................416 Finding Associations ..................................................................................................................419 APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................421 Overview ....................................................................................................................................421 U.S. Pharmacopeia .....................................................................................................................421 Commercial Databases ...............................................................................................................425 APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................427 Overview ....................................................................................................................................427 Preparation .................................................................................................................................427 Finding a Local Medical Library ................................................................................................427 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada .................................................................................427
ONLINE GLOSSARIES ................................................................................................................433 Online Dictionary Directories ...................................................................................................442 ALLERGIES DICTIONARY.........................................................................................................443 INDEX...............................................................................................................................................521
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with allergies is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about allergies, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to allergies, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on allergies. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to allergies, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on allergies. The Editors
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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ALLERGIES Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on allergies.
The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and allergies, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “allergies” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: ·
Treating the Patient With Multiple Cosmetic Product Allergies Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 107(7): 70-72,75-77. June 2000. Summary: This journal article provides health professionals with information on the treatment of the patient who has multiple allergies to cosmetic products. Sensitive skin is a problem for men, women, and children of all races living everywhere in the world. Physiologically, sensitive skin has one or more of the following cutaneous characteristics: heightened neurosensory input, enhanced immune responsiveness, and diminished barrier function. Basic skin care for people who have sensitive skin involves using skin care products that contain the fewest ingredients and avoiding products containing common allergens and irritants. Cosmetics can also cause problems, so patients who have sensitive skin should discard cosmetics that are more than 3 months old. In some cases, advising patients about general skin care and safe products may not
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be enough to avoid serious skin reactions. In these cases, a more sophisticated approach is needed. This approach covers a 2 week period and involves discontinuing the use of all topical skin products; using only synthetic detergent soap; using a bland moisturizer; discontinuing all topical prescription medications; eliminating sources of skin friction by wearing loose, soft clothing; and discontinuing sports or other activities that cause repetitive skin rubbing. At the end of the 2 week period, the skin is examined for the presence of any underlying dermatoses. If a dermatosis is found, it should be treated for at least 2 weeks beyond the disappearance of visible disease. Once the acute problem subsides, the patient can begin using one facial cosmetic of low allergenic potential each week, beginning with lipstick and followed by face powder and powder blush. All other cosmetics and skin care products should be individually tested on a small area for at least 5 nights. All data from the tests should be analyzed and results presented to the patient so she or he has a clear understanding of ingredients to avoid. 3 tables and 6 references. ·
Allergies and Vocal Fold Edema: A Preliminary Report Source: Journal of Voice. 13(1): 113-122. March 1999. Contact: Available from Singular Publishing Group, Inc. 401 West 'A' Street, Suite 325, San Diego, CA 92101-7904. (800) 521-8545 or (619) 238-6777. Fax (800) 774-8398 or (619) 238-6789. E-mail:
[email protected]. Website: www.singpub.com. Summary: This article describes different tools that can be used to determine the etiology of vocal fold edema. The authors report on the complete voice assessment that is used in their Voice Center. This includes patient history, acoustic analysis, laryngeal videostroboscopy, otolaryngology consultation, allergy testing (from a companion Allergy Clinic), and gastroenterology consultation as appropriate. Inhalant allergy can be a hidden, yet very common cause of chronic laryngitis. Respiratory allergies can also cause decreased pulmonary function; excessive secretions in either the lower airway, trachea, bronchi, or in the upper airway of the pharynx; edema of the vocal folds themselves; and unusual resonance characteristics of the pharynx or nasal cavity due to congestion of the membrane in those areas. Voice patients with a history of seasonal hay fever, a history of allergic reactions around cats or dogs, or a strong family history of allergies should be allergy tested. Screening tests for allergies are available. Once specific allergens are identified, recommendations for therapy or other intervention can be made. Straining the voice, in combination with the above conditions, can increase the voice problem. The authors describe the histories, allergy test results, and voice laboratory evaluations of several patients. Identifying these voice patients and treating their allergies are important in keeping these patients healthy and maintaining a clear, good voice quality. The authors conclude that the multidisciplinary approach in voice disorders is indispensable in diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
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Role of Food Allergies in Behavioral, Developmental Delays Source: Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. 5(9): 5. March 6, 1995. Summary: In this brief article, the author explores the role of food allergies in behavioral and/or developmental delays. The article reports the work of Dr. Richard Layton and Kelly Dorfman, a nutritional consultant, in this area. Topics covered include the possible connection between allergies and behavior disorders, autism, pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD); diagnostic tests used to determine food allergies and sensitivities; children with autism and food
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allergies; the role of oral motor problems in dietary choice; taste deficiencies in children with developmental disorders; food cravings; interventions for children who test positively for allergies; gluten-and casein-free diets, including withdrawal problems when the diets are first introduced; the use of supplements for nutritional balance; and the need for additional research in these areas. The contact information for both researchers is included. ·
Food Allergies Source: Nutrition Action Healthletter. 28(3): 10-13. April 2001. Contact: Available from CSPI. 1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009. Fax (202) 265-4954. E-mail:
[email protected]. Website: www.cspinet.org. Summary: This article reviews food allergies and food intolerances. Food allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to certain proteins in food. Although more than 200 food ingredients can provoke an allergic reaction, the vast majority are caused by eight ingredients: nuts (like walnuts and almonds), peanuts (which are legumes), milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soybeans, and wheat. Typical symptoms are nausea, hives, skin rash, nasal congestion, and wheezing. For most people with food allergies, allergic reactions to food are a temporary discomfort, but for many the result is anaphylactic shock, a quick reaction in which their throats may swell enough to cut off breathing. The author reviews the typical pattern of a study of 32 fatal reactions; all but two reactions were triggered by peanuts or nuts. Most of the victims were teenagers or young adults who had asthma, and most knew that they suffered from food allergies; 27 ate the food away from home, and only three were carrying emergency self injectable epinephrine. Most reactions to food are caused not by allergies but by intolerances, which are less severe. The author reviews intolerances to lactose (milk sugar), sulfites, monosodium glutamate (MSG), red wine, chocolate, and food colors. The article concludes with a discussion of four reminders regarding food allergies: offending foods may show up where they are not expected; trace amounts can trigger a reaction; foods can be contaminated with allergens; and labels do not have to disclose allergens in flavors. Appended to the article is a list of websites and resource organizations for readers wishing to obtain additional information. 1 figure. 6 references.
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Children and Food Allergies Source: Digestive Health and Nutrition. p. 7. January-February 2000. Contact: Available from American Gastroenterological Association. 7910 Woodmont Avenue, 7th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20814. (877) DHN-4YOU or (301) 654-2055, ext. 650. Email:
[email protected]. Summary: This brief article reviews food allergies in infants and children. The author notes that milk and soy allergies are very common, and that eggs, wheat, peanuts, and tree nuts may also create problems for children. The associated allergic reactions can be very severe, even deadly. Though it may be possible to prevent allergic reactions, there is no known way to keep children from developing food allergies. The article concludes with a list of dietary precautions that may postpone the onset of allergy symptoms, thus preventing severe early deficiencies in growth and development. The suggestions include: avoid highly allergenic foods while breastfeeding a baby; plan to breast feed the baby for as long as possible, preferably for at least 1 year; do not give solid foods to the baby until he or she is at least 6 months old; when age appropriate, introduce solid foods one at a time, beginning with those least likely to trigger allergies (i.e., rice cereal and bananas); do not give the child milk or eggs until he or she is at least 1 year old; and
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do not give the child peanuts until she or he is at least 3 years old. One sidebar notes that the most common signs and symptoms seen in food allergic children, including flushing, nausea, hives, itching, abdominal pain, sneezing, diarrhea, and vomiting. The article refers readers to the resource link for the Food Allergy Network (www.foodallergy.org). ·
When Your Food Bites Back: Food Allergies and Intolerances Source: Diabetes Self-Management. 16(4): 106, 108, 110, 112. July-August 1999. Contact: Available from R.A. Rapaport Publishing, Inc. 150 West 22nd Street, New York, NY 10011. (800) 234-0923. Summary: This article, written for people who have diabetes, describes food allergies and intolerances. The author notes that the obvious treatment for food allergies and sensitivities is to avoid the food in question. However, eliminating a food or entire group of foods from one's diet without making appropriate dietary substitutions can create nutrient or calorie imbalances or deficits. A food allergy, also known as a food hypersensitivity, is a reaction by the immune system to a substance that is generally regarded as harmless. Symptoms of a food allergy often involve the skin, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. A food intolerance, in comparison, does not involve the immune system. Food intolerance is generally described as a metabolic disorder in which the body has difficulty digesting or tolerating a certain food or food group. The physical symptoms of food intolerance usually involve the gastrointestinal tract and may include abdominal pain or diarrhea. There is no evidence to suggest that people with diabetes have a higher incidence of food allergy than the general population, although people with type 1 diabetes are at greater risk for developing an intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat and other grains. The author reviews the diagnostic tests that may be used to confirm a food sensitivity or allergy, and offers basic strategies for coping with a food allergy. The author stresses that people with a food allergy should work with a nutrition professional to learn how to eat healthfully and avoid food allergens that cause symptoms. The article is appended with a list of resource organizations that can offer more information about food allergies, gluten intolerance, and related issues.
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Milk, Eggs and Peanuts: Food Allergies in Children Source: American Family Physician. 56(5): 1365-1374. October 1, 1997. Contact: Available from American Academy of Family Physicians. 11400 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS 66211-2672. (800) 274-2237. Website: www.aafp.org. Summary: True food allergies are much less prevalent than is generally believed. They are more common in infants and children under age three than in older children and adults. This article reviews food allergies in children, focusing on the common allergies to milk, eggs, and peanuts. Infant colic generally is not caused by a food allergy. In infants, urticaria, eczema, or gastrointestinal bleeding may be due to foods such as milk and eggs, but clinical tolerance usually develops within a few years. Peanuts, tree nuts, seafood and seeds, as well as milk and eggs, can cause anaphylaxis in highly allergic children, and reexposure to such foods presents the risk of life-threatening reactions. Immediate-reacting allergy skin tests and in vitro IgE antibody tests can be used to screen for food allergy. Only food challenge, however, can confirm a reaction to a particular food. Management of food allergy, once the initial symptoms are confirmed, consists of avoidance of specific foods, sometimes for a lifetime. All children at risk for food anaphylaxis should be identified, and their parents or caretakers should be
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prepared to administer epinephrine before taking the child to the emergency room. 3 tables. 49 references. (AA-M). ·
Medication Use, Self-reported Drug Allergies, and Estimated Medication Cost in Patients with Epileptic versus Nonepileptic Seizures Source: Journal of Epilepsy. 11(4):191-194, July-August 1998. Summary: Researchers investigated the relationship between numbers of medications consumed, numbers of self-reported drug allergies, and whether patients admitted to an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) had epileptic seizures (ES) or nonepileptic seizures (NES). They calculated estimated minimum antiepileptic drug (AED) costs for the two groups as a method of defining the minimum scope of the financial burden AED therapy places on these groups. Of the 226 patients in whom prolonged monitoring provided a diagnosis, 74 received a diagnosis of NES and 152 of ES. Patients with NES took more medications than patients with ES, although fewer of those medications were AED's. The NES patients also self-reported more drug allergies than the ES patients, perhaps reflecting an increased tendency to perceive themselves as ill. The cost of AED therapy was high in both groups, with minimum estimated AED costs of about $70 per month to NES patients and about $100 per month to ES patients. 2 tables, 11 references.
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Latex Allergies: How They Affect the Dental Profession Source: Journal of Practical Hygiene. 7(6): 51-56. November-December 1998. Contact: Available from Montage Media Corporation. 1000 Wyckoff Avenue, Mahwah, NJ 07430-3164. (201) 891-3200. Summary: Although latex gloves have been proven to be a dependable source of protection against bloodborne pathogens for health care workers, they are also the cause of several dermatologic problems. As more health care workers began to wear gloves, the number of allergic reactions increased, and dental professionals are no exception. This article discusses different types of reactions due to latex exposure, the process used to confirm a latex allergy, and strategies for the prevention of these complications. The authors describe the recommended protocol for the testing of latex allergies. Individuals are considered to be at high risk for latex allergy if they are health care workers, latex industry workers, children with spina bifida, or if they have a history of specific risk factors, including previous allergic reaction to latex, previous unexplained anaphylaxis, hand eczema, allergic reaction from cross reactive foods, or multiple surgeries in childhood. The article concludes with the telephone number of the FDA Problem Reporting Program (800-638-6725), for health care workers to report incidents of sensitivity to latex or other material used in medical devices.
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Managing Latex Allergies Source: Access. 9(2): 8-9. March 1995. Contact: Available from American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA). 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611. (800) 243-2342 or (312) 440-8900; Fax (312) 4408929; E-mail:
[email protected]; http://www.adha.org. Summary: This article, from a journal for dental hygienists, discusses latex allergies. The article stresses that diagnosis, documentation, and communication are key to the appropriate management of latex allergies. Topics covered include risk factors for latex allergy, notably exposure; the symptoms of latex allergy, i.e., contact dermatitis; the prevalence of latex allergy among health care workers; the route and extent of exposure
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to latex and how said exposure impacts on the symptoms that result; OSHA requirements for reporting and documentation; Workers' Compensation benefits; and the possibility of future labeling of latex content on products and medical devices. The article concludes with information about a listing of products that contain latex, as well as the contact information for two additional sources of information about latex allergy. ·
Allergy for the Otologist: External Canal to Inner Ear Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 31(1): 157-173. February 1998. Summary: This article reviews the immune and allergic activity of the ear. The authors suggest mechanisms by which a classic allergic or autoimmune response may result in the production of otologic symptoms. Various treatment modalities, including specific allergic testing and treatment techniques, are described. Specific topics include immunology, allergic symptoms in the external or middle ear, inner ear symptoms (Meniere's disease, dizziness, tinnitus), patient history, physical examination, testing for allergies (including food allergies), and allergy treatments. Treatment options covered are pharmacotherapy, including that with antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy; and dietary modification. The authors conclude that although the otologic manifestations of allergy are not by themselves diagnostic, the history, including family history and associated symptoms in other target organs, will often help lead to the correct diagnosis and institution of therapy. 1 table. 47 references.
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Role of Allergy in Meniere's Disease Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 30(6): 1007-1016. December 1997. Summary: This article reviews the role of allergy in Meniere's disease. The author notes that many of the clinical characteristics of Meniere's disease suggest an underlying autoimmune etiology. Its propensity to wax and wane, becoming active again after long periods of remission, suggests an inflammatory component. It is bilateral (both ears) in a significant number of cases. The author discusses immunology, treatment options (drug therapy), allergy testing, and immunotherapy techniques that may be useful (serial endpoint titration, in vitro testing, food allergies). The endolymphatic sac is the seat of immune reactivity in the inner ear. Repeated inflammatory reactions can produce sac dysfunction and the eventual production of Meniere's disease. When the stimulation is allergic, patients will not do well until the underlying antigens are recognized and treated. The author concludes that, while environmental control and judicious pharmacotherapy certainly play a role in treating Meniere's disease, significant labyrinthine symptoms of allergy respond best to specific immunotherapy or dietary elimination. 38 references.
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Manifestations of Food Allergy: Evaluation and Management Source: American Family Physician. 59(2): 415-424. January 15, 1999. Contact: Available from American Academy of Family Physicians. 11400 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS 66211-2672. (800) 274-2237. Website: www.aafp.org. Summary: This article focuses on the clinical manifestations of food allergy, defined as adverse immunologic reactions to food. Food allergy is usually mediated by IgE antibody directed to specific food proteins, but other immunologic mechanisms can also play a role. The primary target organs for food allergic reactions are the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory system. Both acute reactions (hives and
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anaphylaxis) and chronic disease (asthma, atopic dermatitis, and gastrointestinal disorders) may be caused or exacerbated by food allergy. The foods most commonly causing these reactions in children are milk, egg, peanuts, soy, wheat, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish; in adults, they are peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, and fish. The diagnosis of food allergy requires a careful search for possible causes, confirmation of the cause(s) with supporting tests, including specific tests for IgE (i.e., skin prick tests, radioallergosorbent tests) and, in some cases, oral food challenges. Treatment consists of elimination of the causal food(s) along with medical treatment, including the prompt self-administration of epinephrine in the event of a serious reaction. 1 figure. 3 tables. 40 references. (AAM). ·
Immune Mechanisms of Food Allergy Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 14(6): 498-503. November 1998. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 227 East Washington Square, Philadelphia, PA 19106. (800) 638-3030. Summary: Food allergy occurs in 1.5 to 6 percent of the population. This review article on food allergy focuses on recent investigations concerning the diversity of pathophysiologic mechanisms, extraintestinal consequences of allergic responses, genetic advances, and diagnostic tools available to the clinician. The authors note that confirming the diagnosis of food allergic disorders is often difficult because of the lack of reliable, convenient testing, and the incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Rodent models have elucidated several mechanisms of mast cellmediated responses and antigen transport. Although it had been suggested that certain allergic disorders have a genetic predisposition, investigators are now identifying genomic mutations associated with specific atopic conditions in humans. A novel endoscopic method may provide insight into diagnosis, as well as pathophysiology of allergic disorders. 1 table. 29 references (10 annotated). (AA-M).
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Formula Allergy and Intolerance Source: Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 24(1): 1-25. March 1995. Contact: Available from W.B. Saunders Company, Periodicals Fulfillment, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887. (800) 654-2452. Summary: This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of two major types of adverse reactions to infant formulas: formula allergy/hypersensitivity, which is an immunologic response; and formula intolerance, which is a nonimmunologic response. Formula intolerance can occur in infants with an underlying congenital or acquired enzyme deficiency (disaccharidase deficiency, galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance). The author discusses the appropriateness of the use of a variety of infant formulas. Guidelines for the prevention of allergic disease are described as well. 4 figures. 9 tables. 87 references. (AA-M).
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Food Allergy: Manifestations, Evaluation, and Management Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 93(2): 191-196, 201. February 1, 1993. Summary: For several reasons, food allergy may present a diagnostic challenge. Patients and physicians can blame a wide range of symptoms on certain foods. Food allergy and food intolerance are sometimes indistinguishable, and results of common diagnostic tests may be inconclusive. In this article, the authors describe the typical symptoms of food allergy, discuss evaluation and diagnosis, and examine appropriate preventive and
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treatment measures. One sidebar discusses the mechanisms of food allergy. The authors note foods most often implicated in allergic reactions include eggs, cow's milk, nuts, wheat, soy products, whitefish, and crustacea. Gastrointestinal, respiratory tract, and dermatologic symptoms, as well as systemic anaphylaxis, may develop. 1 table. 19 references. (AA-M). ·
Allergy Tests For Milk Source: Newsletter for People with Lactose Intolerance and Milk Allergy. 1992. p. 6. Contact: Available from Newsletter for People with Lactose Intolerance and Milk Allergy. P.O. Box 3129, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-3129. (313) 572-9134. Summary: This brief article reviews the current thinking about allergy testing in children, particularly those used for identifying food allergens. The author conveys the information that, while allergy testing for food allergens is unreliable, testing for environmental allergies is both reliable and useful. Identifying and treating environmental allergies, thereby reducing sensitivity to known allergens, will have a very positive effect on general health that will strengthen the immune system.
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Allergy To Foods Containing Concealed Milk Proteins Source: Research Resources Reporter. 16(5): 5-6. May-June 1992. Summary: This article reports on recent research that is exploring milk allergies, particularly allergies to concealed milk proteins. Topics covered include new labeling requirements; the presence of milk proteins in foods labelled dairy-free; the effect on the immune-system of interaction with foods determined to cause sensitivity reactions; and why people react to certain foods and how some people outgrow allergies. The presumed milk-free foods found in the research study included bologna, hot dogs, tuna, and non-dairy frozen desserts. 4 references.
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Questions and Answers: Food Allergy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Elective Appendectomy During Abdominal Surgery Source: JAMA. Journal of American Medical Association. 265(13): 1736, 1738. April 3, 1991. Summary: This brief article, one of a regular series of questions and answers, addresses two issues of interest to digestive diseases professionals. The first exchange discusses the possible role of food allergy in triggering or exacerbating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The responding author discusses the difference between food allergy and IBS, mentions research support for this hypothesis, and concludes that food allergy as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBS is valid. The second exchange involves elective appendectomy during abdominal surgery. The responding author notes that there is little, if any, morbidity and that there is apparent benefit gained from incidental appendectomies, provided certain contraindications are taken into account. 7 references.
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Role of Hydrolyzed Formulas in Nutritional Allergy Prevention in Infants Source: Southern Medical Journal. 90(12):1170-1175, December 1997. Summary: The author reviewed the scientific literature dealing with the subjects of allergy prevention in infants and hydrolyzed formulas. Although human milk should be the first choice, in those cases where breast feeding is impossible, adapted infant formulas are best. However, about 2 to 3 percent of infants will be allergic to the
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proteins in cows' milk. In infants with a family history of allergy, a hypoallergenic formula may reduce the risk of allergy. Native proteins can be reduced by hydrolysis with digestive enzymes. Free amino acids (complete hydrolysis), however, have a high osmolarity and an extremely bad taste. Therefore, partially hydrolysate infant formulas (PHFs) were developed. These are less bitter and cheaper than complete hydrolysate formulas (CHFs), which have been available for 40 years. Different hydrolysate formulas based on whey and/or casein, soy proteins, or beef collagen have been developed. Free amino acids are added to soy-based formulas, to increase the nutritional value, as well as maltodextrin to change the osmolarity. Generally, PHFs cost 25 percent more than standard infant formulas. Because of the split proteins and iron supplements, the stools are in many cases green in color and rather soft. It is important to test every hydrolysate formula with regard to its source protein, which should be reduced by 100-fold. It is difficult to understand why current literature virtually exclusively mentions beta-lactoglobulin, the primary allergen in whey-based protein, as the standard of comparison in the detection of residual allergenicity. Nutritional aspects of PHFs are discussed, with regard to urea production, growth rate, and digestion. Finally, the indications for hypoallergenic infant formulas are discussed, including family history and 'double' family history. The determination of cord blood immunoglobulin-E has proven to be of little predictive value. The author concludes that, while a firm recommendation is not yet possible, physicians might consider partial hydrolysate formulas in high-risk infants if parents can afford the higher-cost option. 70 references. ·
Unusual Symptom of Lidocaine Allergy Source: New York State Dental Journal. NYSDJ. 68(10): 24-25. December 2002. Contact: Available from Dental Society of the State of New York. 7 Elk Street, Albany, NY 12207. (518) 465-0044. Summary: The incidence of lidocaine allergy is rare, with only 1 percent of all reported incidents representing true antigen antibody allergic reactions. This article presents a confirmed case of antigen antibody reaction to lidocaine. These immunoglobulin Emediated responses can include anaphylaxis, urticaria, hay fever, and asthma. This case is further distinguished by the unusual presence of blurred vision in the patient. The author reviews the other reported adverse reactions to lidocaine and their causes. The author stresses that reported symptoms alone do not affirm a case of lidocaine allergy. It is immunological testing and the onset time of symptoms that confirm the true antigen antibody reaction. 7 references.
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Enhancement of Submicroscopic Damage of the Nasal Epithelium by Topical Allergen Challenge in Patients with Perennial Nasal Allergy Source: Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. 110(3):236-242. March 2001. Contact: Available from Annals Publishing Company. 4507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108. (314) 367-4987. Email:
[email protected]. Summary: This article reports on a study undertaken to clarify whether damage of the nasal epithelium (the lining of the nose) exists in patients with nasal allergy, and how the morphology (shape) of the epithelium changes after topical allergen challenge. Electron microscopy revealed 2 characteristic features in the nasal epithelium of patients with perennial nasal allergy (an increase in the number of epithelial cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles, and markedly widened intercellular spaces) although these changes were unclear under light microscopy. The density of vacuolated cell
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significantly increased 24 hours after allergen challenge. Further, the number of eosinophils that were associated with vacuolated cells was significantly higher in patients with nasal allergy than in controls. These morphological changes, thus, were considered to be types of damage to the nasal epithelium associated with nasal allergy. The authors conclude that such changes may be among the causes of nasal hyperreactivity, which is an important feature of nasal allergy. 3 figures. 1 table. 18 references. ·
Dental Metal Allergy in Patients with Oral, Cutaneous, and Genital Lichenoid Reactions Source: American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. 12(3): 146-150. September 2001. Contact: Available from American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. W.B. Saunders Company, Periodicals Department, P.O. Box 628239, Orlando, FL 32862-8239. (800) 6542452. Summary: The subject of lichen planus (LP) and dental metal allergy has long been debated. An overwhelming majority of the existing literature focuses on mercury and gold salts in relation to oral lichen planus. This article reports on a study undertaken to expand current knowledge regarding LP and lichenoid lesions (LL) and dental metal allergy by investigating more metals and investigating cutaneous (skin) and genital disease in addition to oral disease. The study included 51 patients with known LP or LL who were patch tested to a series of dental metals. Patients chose to replace their dental metals or make no revision. A telephone survey was conducted after 1 year to determine disease state. The results showed that 38 of 51 patients (74.5 percent) had at least 1 positive reaction; 25 of 51 patients (49 percent) showed sensitivity to at least 1 mercurial allergen. Prevalence data for patients patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) from 1996 to 1998 was available for chromate, cobalt, gold, nickel, and thimerosal. The prevalence of positive reactions was higher in this study group than in the NSCDG group for all 5 of these allergens; statistical significant was achieved for chromate, gold, and thimerosal. Of patients who had a positive patch test reaction to 1 or more metals, 100 percent (9 of 9 patients) reported improvement after metal replacement, whereas 62.5 percent (15 of 24 ) reported improvement without metal replacement. The authors conclude that sensitization to dental metals is more common among LP and LL patients than in routinely tested patients, and might be an etiologic or triggering factor in the disease. 2 figures. 4 tables. 25 references.
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Work-Related Asthma and Latex Allergy: Sorting Out the Types, Causes, and Consequences Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 105(7): 39-46. June 1999. Summary: Asthma, related to the workplace, is a growing problem, accounting for up to 15 percent of all case of asthma. More than 200 occupationally related agents have been implicated, and the list continues to expand. In the last few years, latex allergy has also been found to affect more and more patients and health care workers, causing cutaneous (skin) and respiratory symptoms as well as anaphylaxis. In this article, the authors review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of these work related problems. Topics include the types of asthma that might occur in the workplace, the common signs of immunology and irritant induced asthma, and the diagnostic approaches used for latex allergy and other types of occupational asthma. The author notes that diagnosis of occupational asthma needs to be proved as objectively as possible because of the medical, medicolegal, social, and financial consequences.
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Medical management is the same as for nonoccupational asthma, but cessation of exposure to the specific agent is necessary to improve long term prognosis. A diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis of occupational asthma is provided. 1 figure. 2 tables. 19 references. ·
Latex Allergy: What You Need to Know Source: RN. 62(9): 40-42, 45. September 1999. Contact: Available from RN. P.O. Box 57140, Boulder, CO 80328-7140. (800) 284-8945. Website: www.rnweb.com. Summary: This article, from a professional journal for nurses, reviews the issue of latex allergy. The author stresses that nurses can minimize the risks associated with latex allergy by knowing who is at risk, how latex allergy is diagnosed, and how to reduce the amount of latex in the workplace. Topics include latex allergy compared to other types of reactions, including irritant contact dermatitis (non immune), chemical sensitivity dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity), and latex allergy (immediate hypersensitivity); the use of skin and blood tests to confirm a diagnosis; managing latex allergy in patients; and how nurses can protect themselves from latex exposure. The author concludes that the prevalence of latex allergy is not as great as first thought, but that latex allergy can still cause significant problems in the health care setting. One side bar compares latex gloves to vinyl gloves. 1 figure. 15 references.
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Latex Allergy: Everyone's Concern Source: Journal of the Michigan Dental Association. 80(5): 30-42. June 1998. Contact: Available from Michigan Dental Association. 230 North Washington Square, Suite 208, Lansing, MI 48933-1392. (517) 372-9070. E-mail:
[email protected]. Summary: This article reviews the problem of latex allergy, particularly in the health care setting. The author emphasizes that all health care professionals need to know about latex allergy, the potential hazards it poses, and how to manage it effectively if encountered. The article begins with a series of questions to elicit information from the patient about potential latex allergy; the author notes that merely asking if the person is allergy to latex is not sufficient. The author then briefly considers the many theories that have been posed to explain the increasing prevalence of latex allergies. The main theory states that the cause is increased exposure to latex gloves, due to the increased demand for personal protection in response to the AIDS crisis. Other topics include the types of latex reactions, including irritant contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity, and immediate hypersensitivity; risk factors; latex allergens and diagnosis; how to treat the latex allergic patients; consumer products that often contain latex; items used in dentistry that may contain latex; treating the latex-allergic dental worker; proper hand care; glove selection; and potential legislation, Federal guidelines, and research in this area. One chart summarizes reactions to natural rubber latex, including the cause, intervention strategies, percentage of population affected (prevalence), time to onset of symptoms, potential for respiratory involvement, facial involvement, systemic involvement, and recommended action. 3 tables. 34 references.
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Latex Allergy: A Review of Considerations for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 56(12): 1426-1430. December 1998. Contact: Available from W.B. Saunders Company. Periodicals Department, P.O. Box 628239, Orlando, FL 32862-8239. (800) 654-2452.
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Summary: This article discusses the clinical and immunologic features of latex allergy and describes preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients who present with this condition in the surgical or anesthesia setting. The authors note that it can be expected that many persons with latex allergy will present to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon for treatment. Topics include the chemistry of latex, three types of clinical reactions to latex products (irritant, delayed or type IV hypersensitivity, and immediate or type I hypersensitivity), risk groups, prevalence of latex allergy, sources of latex, the diagnosis of latex allergy, treatment of latex allergy (avoidance is the cornerstone of treatment), and guidelines for the management of persons with latex allergy. The authors conclude that recognition of the sources of sensitization, development of strategies to lower the allergenic content of latex products, development of better latex substitutes, and increasing public awareness about the issues are needed. 3 tables. 9 references. ·
Latex Allergy: Implications for Oral Health Care Professionals Source: Journal of Dental Hygiene. 72(3): 25-32. Summer 1998. Summary: This article educates the dental hygienist about the seriousness of latex allergy and provides background information necessary to treat the patient with latex allergy. This background information includes basic immunology, hypersensitivity reactions, latex, and natural rubber latex. The authors discuss the symptoms of latex allergy, the different types of reactions, and methods of exposure. Symptoms can be immediate or delayed with sensitization occurring over a period of time. People are exposed to latex via mucosal, physical, and airborne contact. Early symptoms include erythema, rash, pruritis (itching), or similar skin problems. The authors present methods for achieving a minimal latex environment, along with information on how to treat the patient with latex allergy. They conclude that, because the number of latex allergic individuals increases daily, a thorough understanding of its diagnosis and implications is necessary for all oral health care workers. 4 tables. 47 references.
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Allergy Sometimes Fits Hand-in-Glove Source: CDA Journal. California Dental Association Journal. 25(12): 828-829. December 1997. Contact: Available from California Dental Association (CDA). 1201 K Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. (916) 443-0505. Summary: This brief article familiarizes dentists and other dental care professionals about the issue of latex allergy. The author reports on federal recommendations to protect health workers from possible allergic reactions caused by job-related exposures to natural rubber latex in gloves and other products. Latex allergy can result from repeated exposures to proteins in natural rubber latex through skin contact or inhalation. Once sensitized, workers may experience the effects of latex allergy. Studies indicate that 8 to 12 percent of health care workers regularly exposed to latex are sensitized. Symptoms of latex allergy include skin rash and inflammation, respiratory irritation, asthma and, in rare cases, shock. If latex gloves are chosen as appropriate protection, they should be reduced-protein, powder-free latex gloves. Powder used as a lubricant in some gloves can increase exposure to the allergy-causing proteins in natural latex through skin contact and inhalation in dental staff as well as in patients. Dental office staff members showing symptoms of latex allergy should consult a doctor experienced in treating the problem. Individuals with a known allergy should avoid latex exposures, wear a medical alert bracelet, and follow their doctor's advice for dealing with allergic reactions.
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Latex: Users Search for Allergy Answers Source: AGD Impact. Academy of General Dentistry Impact. 23(2): 20-21. February 1995. Contact: Available from Academy of General Dentistry. 211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-2670. (312) 440-4300. Summary: This article discusses problems that health care workers, including dental professionals, may encounter with latex allergies. Topics covered include a brief report on a recent conference aimed at solving the problem of latex sensitivity and reducing exposure to health care workers and patients; the incidence of latex reactions; long-term problems caused by latex allergy; latex allergy symptoms and the three common types of irritation; methods to reduce exposures to health care workers; labeling of latex products and the concomitant regulatory oversight that would be necessary; measuring the risks; developing standardized testing procedures; and steps that health care workers can take to minimize exposure to latex.
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Latex Allergy Test Cleared for Marketing Source: Medical Devices Bulletin. 13(3): 3-4. March-June 1995. Contact: Available from Center for Radiological Devices and Radiological Health. FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. (301) 443-6119. Summary: This newsletter article describes recent FDA action on the first test to measure latex antibodies in blood. The test, which was cleared for marketing, can be used to help identify individuals who are allergic to latex. Topics covered include problems caused by latex allergy; how the new test, the AlaSTAT Latex-Specific IgE Allergen Test Kit (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles), can help to diagnose latex sensitivity; the research data upon which the FDA decision was based; and the prevalence of latex allergy.
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Rise in Latex Allergy: Implications for the Dentist Source: JADA. Journal of the American Dental Association. 125(8): 1089-1097. August 1994. Summary: This article discusses latex protein allergies and anaphylactic reactions and clarifies the risks of latex allergy through a review of the literature. The author notes that atopic individuals (those with an inherited tendency to develop allergies), those who have undergone many surgical procedures, and health care workers are at higher risk for latex protein allergy. Topics covered include latex allergy and natural rubber products, latex production, allergy development, identifying allergies, anaphylaxis and its symptoms, non-anaphylactic allergic reactions, preventing anaphylaxis, and treating anaphylaxis. One chart summarizes recommended substitutes for latex dental products. 1 figure. 4 tables. 55 references.
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Identifying True Lidocaine Allergy Source: JADA. Journal of the American Dental Association. 125(9): 1362-1366. October 1994. Summary: This article discusses the importance of diagnosing and verifying allergies to local anesthetics, notably lidocaine. The authors present a case report of a suspected allergic reaction to a local anesthetic administered during dental treatment. They note that sometimes an apparent allergic reaction can be brought on by anxiety. Commonly used and available allergy tests also are reviewed. Specific topics covered include
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allergic reaction mechanisms, anaphylaxis, urticaria, hay fever, and asthma. 2 figures. 8 references. (AA-M). ·
Environmental Risk Factors for Allergy and Socioeconomic Status in a Birth Cohort (BAMSE) Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 13(3):182-187, June 2002. Summary: Researchers conducted a prospective birth cohort study to assess the importance of various risk factors for asthma in early infancy, with a focus on parental educational level and the possible interrelationships between risk factors. The cohort included 4,089 infants born between February 11, 1994, and November 22, 1996, in central and northwestern parts of Stockholm, Sweden, in both urban and rural districts. The researchers enrolled families on their first visit to a Child Health Center, on average when the baby was age 2 months. Parents completed a questionnaire that assessed various environmental factors, including (1) housing characteristics, such as heating system, ventilation, carpeting, and dampness; (2) indoor environmental exposures, including smoking and pets; and (3) health of parents and siblings. The researchers divided the cohort into three strata based on educational level. Results showed that (1) there was no consistent association between the occurrence of parental atopic disease and parental educational level; (2) one or both parents of 30 percent of the infants had atopic disease; and (3) among mothers, 13 percent reported smoking at any time during pregnancy, and 8.2 percent smoked at least one cigarette daily throughout pregnancy. Other results showed that (1) a mother's educational level and smoking during pregnancy were negatively related, with the highest rate of maternal smoking during pregnancy, 22 percent, associated with short maternal education; (2) 28 percent of mothers who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy stopped smoking during the second or third trimester; (3) 41 percent of mothers quit smoking when their baby was born; and (4) smoking cessation was associated with the two highest educational strata. The researchers conclude that these results indicate the need for a greater understanding of what determines lifestyle in different socioeconomic groups in order to identify effective smoking prevention and cessation strategies. 4 tables, 37 references.
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Do Parental Smoking and History of Allergy Influence Cord-serum IgE? Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 6(4):213-215, November 1995. Summary: Researchers in Turkey investigated the associations between parental smoking, family history of allergy, and cord-serum immunoglobulin E (cIgE) levels in newborn infants. The study population consisted of all 1,251 infants born during 1992 at the Cukurova University Hospital in Adana, Turkey; 160 (13 percent) of the infants were born prematurely and 1,091 (87 percent) were at term. Information about parental smoking habits during pregnancy and family history of allergy was obtained through standardized questionnaires and interviews with the mothers. Family history of atopy was considered positive if a family member or close relative had asthma, allergic rhinitis, or eczema. At the time of delivery, a cord-blood sample was obtained and total IgE levels were measured by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay method. Smoking was reported by 178 mothers (14 percent) and 477 fathers (38 percent); both parents were current smokers in 128 families (10 percent). Among mothers who smoked, 119 smoked 10 or fewer cigarettes per day and 59 smoked more than 10 cigarettes daily. Among fathers who smoked, 138 smoked 10 or fewer and 339 smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. The mean cIgE level was slightly higher in infants of mothers who smoked than in infants of mothers who did not smoke, but the difference was not significant. Family history of allergy was positive 143 families (11 percent). No
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relationship was found between cIgE and family history of allergy. The mean cIgE level was significantly elevated only in infants with both a positive family history of allergy and mothers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes daily. Among infants of mothers who did not smoke, the mean cIgE level was significantly higher in boys than in girls. The researchers concluded that maternal consumption of more than 10 cigarettes daily is associated with higher cIgE levels only in infants with a positive family history of allergy. 15 references. ·
Maternal Smoking Influences Cord Serum IgE and IgD Levels and Increases the Risk for Subsequent Infant Allergy Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 78(5, Part 1):898-904, November 1986. Summary: Researchers investigated the effects of parental smoking on immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin D (IgD) levels in cord serum and subsequent infant allergy, studying a population of 186 European newborn infants. Researchers wanted to determine whether elevated cord serum IgE was predictive for subsequent development of allergy before 18 months. Parents responded to mail or telephone questionnaires on their own and their infants' allergy symptoms and signs of allergy. Parents were asked if they smoked. All histories were taken 18 months after birth. Based on questionnaire data, the allergic state of the infants and parents were decided totally independently from the cord IgE and smoking data. Infants were classified as definitely allergic, probably allergic, doubtfully allergic, or negative. IgE and IgD in cord serum were measured in duplicate by particle counting immunoassay with results expressed as GM in international units per milliliter. Smoking was reported by 41 mothers (22 percent) and 69 fathers (37.1 percent). Maternal smoking caused a significant rise in both IgE and IgD. This finding was most apparent in newborns with a negative biparental history of allergy. Newborn infants of nonallergic parents had a more than threefold higher incidence of elevated cord IgE (greater than 1.20 IU/ml) and a fourfold higher risk of developing definite or probably atopic disease before 18 months if the mother smoked than if she did not. Paternal smoking did not influence cord IgE or later allergy but increased cord IgD among newborns with a negative family history even after controlling for maternal smoking. Results suggest that parental smoking in some way affects the fetal immune system, probably via tobacco smoke substances. Maternal smoking in particular seems to predispose even low risk infants to subsequent sensitization, probably in synergy with a later acquired mucosal damage that would facilitate penetration of foreign matter. Pregnant women and mothers should be encouraged to stop smoking to help prevent allergic disease in their infants. 3 tables, 38 references.
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Allergic Reactions in the Middle and Inner Ear Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 8(3): 245-248. June 2000. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 12107 Insurance Way, Hagerstown, MD 21740. (800) 637-3030. Fax (301) 824-7390. Website: www.lww.com. Summary: This article reviews the role that allergies may play in the production of middle and inner ear symptoms, an issue that continues to raise controversy in the medical community. Controversy also exists as to where the anatomic target organ of an allergic reaction capable of producing a middle ear effusion (fluid) would lie. Data continue to accumulate that suggest that patients with Meniere's disease and allergies
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treated with specific methods of allergy immunotherapy or dietary avoidance will have an improved clinical outcome for their Meniere's disease. Objective diagnostic tests, including electrocochleography, have shown promise when combined with allergy testing modalities in helping to identify those patients with Meniere's disease who may have an allergic etiology for their symptoms. The prevalence rate of allergy in patients with Meniere's disease appears to be much higher than has been reported for the general population. 24 references. ·
What Do We Do When the Patient is Allergic To Our Products Source: Hearing Journal. 52(3): 56, 58. March 1999. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Customer Service, P.O. Box 1175, Lowell, MA 01853. Summary: This article offers suggestions for hearing aid dispensers who are working with clients who have allergies to the plastics used in hearing aids. The author notes that, whenever an ear refuses to heal, even with conscientious medical (ENT) intervention, there is a good possibility that an allergic reaction to the plastic is involved. The author outlines strategies to take to address this problem. The first step strategies include daily care issues, medical history, and the use of hypoallergenic coatings or materials. The next level of care involves consulting with an allergist or a dermatologist, the use of gold coated or other shells for the hearing aid, and switching the type of hearing aid being used. The author briefly describes how hearing aids are molded and how to avoid some of the allergic problems that can arise. Fortunately, severe allergic problems are rare.
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Allergic and Immunologic Aspects of Meniere's Disease Source: Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 114(3): 360-365. March 1996. Contact: Available from Merion Publications, Inc. 650 Park Avenue, Box 61556, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0956. (800) 355-1088 or (610) 265-7812. Summary: Meniere's disease, although idiopathic by definition, has been ascribed to a variety of causes, which more recently include autoimmune factors. Interest in the role of allergy in Meniere's disease has also increased. This article reviews these two etiologic factors in Meniere's disease. The symptoms of Meniere's diseases are thought to be produced by a sudden influx of fluid into the endolymphatic sac. The endolymphatic sac is capable of trapping antigen and generating its own immune response. It has a highly vascular subepithelial space containing numerous fenestrated blood vessels that are peripheral and 'leaky'. The author describes at least three mechanisms by which allergy may play a role in the production of fluid in the endolymphatic sac: the endolymphatic sac itself might be a 'target organ' of mediator released from systemic inhalant or food reactions, deposition of circulating immune complex may produce inflammation and interfere with the sac's filtering capability, and a predisposing viral infection in childhood that produces a mild impairment of endolymphatic sac function may interact with allergies in adulthood. The author reiterates that the endolymphatic sac is the seat of immune reactivity in the inner ear. Repeated inflammatory reactions can produce sac dysfunction and eventual production of Meniere's disease. 1 figure. 4 tables. 27 references. (AA-M).
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Allergic Colitis in Infants Source: Journal of Pediatrics. 126(2): 163-170. February 1995.
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Summary: This article addresses allergic colitis (AC) in infants, a condition characterized by inflammatory changes in the rectum and colon as a result of immune-mediated reactions to ingested foreign proteins. Topics include etiology; clinical features, including patient population, symptoms and signs, and diagnostic considerations; pathologic features; treatment; natural history; and new mechanisms of pathogenesis. The authors conclude that the specific factors that influence recruitment, activation, and degranulation of eosinophils in AC, and the mediators released by eosinophils in this condition have not yet been identified. 2 figures. 64 references. (AA-M). ·
Association Between Pre- and Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Allergic Sensitization During Early Childhood Source: Human and Experimental Toxicology. 18(4):241-244, 1999. Summary: Researchers examined the effects of prenatal and postnatal passive tobacco smoke exposure on the incidence of allergic sensitization in 342 children at the age of 1, 2, and 3 years. Parents were asked about their smoking habits at the birth of the children, at age 18 months, and at age 3. They were also asked whether they exposed their child or took special care to reduce the child's environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Prenatal exposure was defined as maternal smoking during pregnancy, and postnatal exposure was defined as maternal and/or paternal smoking at home after birth. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that during the first 3 years of life, prenatally and postnatally-exposed children had a significantly higher risk for sensitization to food allergens, compared to children never exposed to tobacco smoke. Sensitization rates to food allergens were significantly higher in children exposed to a smoking mother, compared to nonexposed children or children only exposed to a smoking father. For inhalant allergens, no significant influence of tobacco smoke exposure could be demonstrated on specific sensitization. 2 tables, 19 references.
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Consistent Effects of High Socioeconomic Status and Low Birth Order, and the Modifying Effect of Maternal Smoking on the Risk of Allergic Disease During Childhood Source: Respiratory Medicine. 92(10):1237-1244, October 1998. Summary: Researchers analyzed data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort (BCS70) to examine the effects of birth order, maternal and gestational age, birthweight, maternal smoking, and social class on the incidence of allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma during childhood. BCS70 was a study of perinatal mortality of all children born in England, Scotland, and Wales during 1 week in April 1970, involving a series of followup surveys performed when the children had reached 5, 10, and 16 years of age. Researchers used data on more than 6,000 children with complete data at every stage. Details on the occurrence of wheezing, eczema, and hay fever among the children were collected through interviews with the parents. Details were also collected on a number of factors implicated as increasing the risk of hayfever, eczema, and wheeze, such as maternal smoking during pregnancy and at the time of the interview, birthweight, gestational age, parity, and maternal age at birth, and duration of breast feeding determined at age 5. The Social Index (SI) was derived from details of the father's occupational social class, parental education, and housing information collected at the 5year point. The independent and interactive effects of sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy and at age 16, birthweight, gestational age, parity, maternal age, breast feeding, and the SI on wheeze, hay fever, and eczema by and at age 16 were assessed by multiple logistic regression techniques. SI was the only factor that was statistically significantly related to all of the conditions (hayfever, eczema, and wheeze) either at or
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by age 16. The strongest associations were for hayfever and eczema, which increased with increasing SI. Wheeze by age 16 showed a different relationship with SI, with an insignificant trend towards an increased risk in the more disadvantaged. Birth order was also significantly independently associated with hayfever and eczema risk, the risks being greatest for first-born children, compared to those of fifth or greater birth order. Birth order had little influence on wheeze. The effects of the remaining factors were less consistent across the three conditions. The risks of eczema and wheeze by age 16 were linearly positively related to the duration of breast feeding, compared to bottle feeding. Wheezing by age 16 was inversely related to duration of breast feeding. In children of nonsmoking mothers, the risk of wheezing decreased linearly with increasing birth order, whereas an inverse relationship was seen for children of smoking mothers. For mothers who smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day, the risk of wheezing increased regardless of birth order. Researchers concluded that of all of the various risk factors associated with allergic disease, high social class and low birth order are the factors most consistently associated with allergic phenotypes. Maternal smoking is an additional risk factor for wheeze. 3 tables, 2 figures, 42 references. ·
Parental Smoking and Allergic Sensitisation in Children Source: Thorax. 53(2):117-123, February 1998. Summary: Researchers conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the effects of parental smoking on immunoglobulin (IgE) levels, skin prick positivity, and allergic rhinitis or eczema in children. Asthma was excluded in order to distinguish more clearly the effect of passive smoke exposure on allergic sensitization. They identified 36 relevant publications after consideration of 692 articles selected by electronic search of the Embase and Medline databases. The search identified 9 studies of IgE in neonates, 8 of IgE in older children, 12 of which included prick tests, and 10 describing symptoms of allergic disease other than asthma or wheezing. Researchers conducted a quantitative meta-analysis for skin prick tests. Several large studies failed to confirm early reports of a substantial or statistically significant association of maternal smoking with concentrations of total serum IgE in neonates or in older children. No consistent association emerged between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis or eczema. Few of these studies adjusted for potential confounding variables. The quantity and quality of evidence was greatest for skin prick tests, and studies of parental smoking during pregnancy or infancy were broadly consistent in showing no adverse effects on prick positivity. There was much greater and statistically significant heterogeneity of odds ratios relating current parental smoking to skin prick positivity. The researchers concluded that parental smoking, either before or immediately after birth, is unlikely to increase the risk of allergic sensitization in children. 2 tables, 1 figure, 44 references.
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Childhood Antecedents of Allergic Sensitization in Young British Adults Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 99(1, Part 1):6-12, January 1997. Summary: Researchers examined possible childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults. They took data from the National Child Development Study, which included data on 18,559 persons who were born throughout Britain during 1 week in 1958. The cohort for this study consisted of 1,050 members of the cohort with a history of asthma, wheezing bronchitis, wheezing, or pneumonia, and 319 with no history of these disorders (controls) who provided data at birth and in 1965, 1969, 1974, 1981, and 1991, when they were age 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33. Skin prick tests with extracts of mixed grass pollen, house dust mites, and cat fur were performed between
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August 1992 and July 1993. Wheal diameters of 3 millimeters (mm) or greater were considered a positive response to the tests. The responses to the tests were compared with information on birth characteristics obtained from perinatal records and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and family compositio n at the 7 and 11year followups. Information on the subjects' own smoking habit s and cooking fuels used in the household at age 11 were obtained through interviews at age 33 or 34. Associations between a positive skin test response and the perinatal and followup data were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among all 1,369 study participants, 730 (53 percent) had a detectable skin prick reaction to at least one of the three aeroallergens tested and 457 (33 percent) had one or more reactions with a wheal diameter of 3 mm or greater. The proportion of patients with one or more positive reaction s was 38 percent (395 of 1,050), and the corresponding proportion of control subjects was 19 percent (62 of 319). The prevalence of positive skin test reactions was significantly and independently related to male sex, smaller number of older siblings, and higher socioeconomic status during childhood. Current smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy were significantly and independently associated with a decrease in the prevalence of positive skin test reactions. No significant independent effects were found for adult social class, maternal age, birthweight, or any of the other examined factors. Researchers concluded that factors related to small families and relative affluence in childhood promote atopic sensitization to a variety of aeroallergens in later life. These findings are consistent with the view that early infections may protect against later allergic disease. 4 tables, 19 references. ·
Parental Smoking, Breast Feeding, and Respiratory Infection in Development of Allergic Diseases Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 62(4):338-344, April 1987. Summary: Researchers in the United Kingdom examined environmental factors as determinants of clinical disease in a 5-year prospective study of 73 children born to atopic parents. Clinical followup for evidence of eczema and wheezing was combined with regular skin testing, immunoglobulin assay, and respiratory viral culture where appropriate. Parents of the children kept diaries of their feeding methods and smoking habits and social classification was recorded. All babies were examined at birth, at 3, 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. Parents kept a daily record of respiratory symptoms and skin problems and clinicians examined the infants' skin and respiratory tracts at each medical visit. Children are regarded as atopic if they developed eczema or had at least one positive result of a cutaneous prick test during the study. At each hospital visit skin testing for hypersensitivity was done by prick testing with six common allergens. Direct viral culture was tried whenever respiratory symptoms were notified. Thirty-six children developed eczema, which was often associated with a positive result of a skin test to ingestants in the first year and inhalants by the fifth years. Thirty-two children developed one or more episodes of wheezing. Fifteen children wheezed once only and not all of these developed atopy. No pattern of respiratory infection of early life was characteristic of children with recurrent wheeze. There was a significant difference in parental smoking habits between children with and without episodes of wheezing by the fifth birthday. No protective effect of breast feeding was found. The development of allergic disease in susceptible children is influenced by many environmental factors. Advice to families about reducing environmental allergens is problematic, but parents should be advised to avoid smoking in their child's presence. 6 figures, 3 tables, 28 references.
22 Allergies
Federally Funded Research on Allergies The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to allergies. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to allergies. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore allergies. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for allergies: ·
Project Title: ALLERGIES
HONEY
MEDIATED
ORAL
TOLERANCE
TO
SEASONAL
Principal Investigator & Institution: Rajan, Thiruchandurai V. Chairman and Professor; University of Connecticut Sch of Med/Dnt Bb20, Mc 2806 Farmington, Ct 060302806 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-DEC-2000; Project End 0-NOV-2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “allergies” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to fulltext articles. The following is a sample of items found for allergies in the PubMed Central database: ·
A critical role for eotaxin in experimental oral antigen-induced eosinophilic gastrointestinal allergy. by Hogan SP, Mishra A, Brandt EB, Foster PS, Rothenberg ME. 2000 Jun 6; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18701
Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html. 4 With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 2
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Allergic airway sensitization induces T cell activation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in B cell-deficient mice. by Hamelmann E, Vella AT, Oshiba A, Kappler JW, Marrack P, Gelfand EW. 1997 Feb 18; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=19794
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Allergy associated with ciprofloxacin. by Burke P, Burne SR. 2000 Mar 11; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27310
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Anaphylaxis induced by gabexate mesylate. by Matsukawa Y. 1998 Dec 5; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=28736
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Anti-peptide autoantibodies and fatal anaphylaxis in NOD mice in response to insulin self-peptides B:9-23 and B:13-23. by Liu E, Moriyama H, Abiru N, Miao D, Yu L, Taylor RM, Finkelman FD, Eisenbarth GS. 2002 Oct 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=151146
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CCR3 is essential for skin eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation. by Ma W, Bryce PJ, Humbles AA, Laouini D, Yalcindag A, Alenius H, Friend DS, Oettgen HC, Gerard C, Geha RS. 2002 Mar 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=150891
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Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanutallergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts. by Turcanu V, Maleki SJ, Lack G. 2003 Apr 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=152580
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Circulating Nerve Growth Factor Levels are Increased in Humans with Allergic Diseases and Asthma. by Bonini S, Lambiase A, Bonini S, Angelucci F, Magrini L, Manni L, Aloe L. 1996 Oct 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=38265
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Conformational and Linear B-Cell Epitopes of Asp f 2, a Major Allergen of Aspergillus fumigatus, Bind Differently to Immunoglobulin E Antibody in the Sera of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Patients. by Banerjee B, Greenberger PA, Fink JN, Kurup VP. 1999 May; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=115968
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Current status of the Asthma and Allergy Database.. by Immervoll T, Wjst M. 1999 Jan 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=148138
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Differential responses of mast cell Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity. by Supajatura V, Ushio H, Nakao A, Akira S, Okumura K, Ra C, Ogawa H. 2002 May 15; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=150977
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Effect of experimental influenza A virus infection on isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other aerobic bacteria from the oropharynges of allergic and nonallergic adult subjects.. by Wadowsky RM, Mietzner SM, Skoner DP, Doyle WJ, Fireman P. 1995 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=173127
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Enzyme potentiated desensitisation in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: double blind randomised controlled study. by Radcliffe MJ, Lewith GT, Turner RG, Prescott P, Church MK, Holgate ST. 2003 Aug 2; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=167158
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ER-27319, an acridone-related compound, inhibits release of antigen-induced allergic mediators from mast cells by selective inhibition of Fc[var epsilon] receptor Imediated activation of Syk. by Moriya K, Rivera J, Odom S, Sakuma Y, Muramato K, Yoshiuchi T, Miyamoto M, Yamada K. 1997 Nov 11; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=25030
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Evidence for the presence of immunoglobulin E antibodies specific to the cell wall phosphomannoproteins of Candida albicans in patients with allergies.. by Kanbe T, Morishita M, Ito K, Tomita K, Utsunomiya K, Ishiguro A. 1996 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=170425
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Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: epidemiological study. by Matricardi PM, Rosmini F, Riondino S, Fortini M, Ferrigno L, Rapicetta M, Bonini S. 2000 Feb 12; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27285
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Food allergy. by Sheikh A, Walker S. 2002 Dec 7; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=137812
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Hospital admissions for acute anaphylaxis: time trend study. by Sheikh A, Alves B. 2000 May 27; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27386
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IL-10 is necessary for the expression of airway hyperresponsiveness but not pulmonary inflammation after allergic sensitization. by Makela MJ, Kanehiro A, Borish L, Dakhama A, Loader J, Joetham A, Xing Z, Jordana M, Larsen GL, Gelfand EW. 2000 May 23; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18549
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IL-18, although antiallergic when administered with IL-12, stimulates IL-4 and histamine release by basophils. by Yoshimoto T, Tsutsui H, Tominaga K, Hoshino K, Okamura H, Akira S, Paul WE, Nakanishi K. 1999 Nov 23; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24173
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Immunological Characterization of Asp f 2, a Major Allergen from Aspergillus fumigatus Associated with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. by Banerjee B, Greenberger PA, Fink JN, Kurup VP. 1998 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=108645
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Interference between Host Resistance to Listeria monocytogenes Infection and Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Responses in Mice. by Mizuki D, Miura T, Sasaki S, Mizuki M, Madarame H, Nakane A. 2001 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=98097
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Interleukin-4 receptor alpha gene variants and allergic disease. by Hall IP. 2000; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=59533
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Intranasal corticosteroids versus oral H1 receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. by Weiner JM, Abramson MJ, Puy RM. 1998 Dec 12; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=28740
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Is electrodermal testing as effective as skin prick tests for diagnosing allergies? A double blind, randomised block design study. by Lewith GT, Kenyon JN, Broomfield J, Prescott P, Goddard J, Holgate ST. 2001 Jan 20; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=26588
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Latex Allergies: A Review of Recognition, Evaluation, Management, Prevention, Education, and Alternative Product Use. by Binkley HM, Schroyer T, Catalfano J. 2003 Jun; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=164902
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Microarray profile of differentially expressed genes in a monkey model of allergic asthma. by Zou J, Young S, Zhu F, Gheyas F, Skeans S, Wan Y, Wang L, Ding W, Billah M, McClanahan T, Coffman RL, Egan R, Umland S. 2002; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=115222
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Mimicking microbial 'education' of the immune system: a strategy to revert the epidemic trend of atopy and allergic asthma? by Matricardi PM, Bonini S. 2000; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=59551
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Novel transglutaminase inhibitors reverse the inflammation of allergic conjunctivitis. by Sohn J, Kim TI, Yoon YH, Kim JY, Kim SY. 2003 Jan 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=151832
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Peanut allergy: a growing phenomenon. by Burks W. 2003 Apr 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=152593
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Peanut allergy: an overview. by Al-Muhsen S, Clarke AE, Kagan RS. 2003 May 13; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=154188
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Prevention of Th2-mediated murine allergic airways disease by soluble antigen administration in the neonate. by Hogan SP, Foster PS, Charlton B, Slattery RM. 1998 Mar 3; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=19368
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Pulmonary Colonization by Chrysosporium zonatum Associated with Allergic Inflammation in an Immunocompetent Subject. by Hayashi S, Naitoh K, Matsubara S, Nakahara Y, Nagasawa Z, Tanabe I, Kusaba K, Tadano J, Nishimura K, Sigler L. 2002 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=exter nal&artid=120249
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Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. by Schapowal A. 2002 Jan 19; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=64514
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Randomised controlled trial of homoeopathy versus placebo in perennial allergic rhinitis with overview of four trial series. by Taylor MA, Reilly D, Llewellyn-Jones RH, McSharry C, Aitchison TC. 2000 Aug 19; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=27460
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Resolution of peanut allergy: case-control study. by Hourihane JO, Roberts SA, Warner JO. 1998 Apr 25; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=28527
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Specific immunotherapy in Albanian patients with anaphylaxis to hymenoptera venoms. by Mingomataj E, Priftanji A, Qirko E, Dinh QT, Fischer A, Peiser C, Groneberg DA. 2002; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=128821
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src homology 2 domain --containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 controls the development of allergic airway inflammation. by Kamata T, Yamashita M, Kimura M, Murata K, Inami M, Shimizu C, Sugaya K, Wang CR, Taniguchi M, Nakayama T. 2003 Jan 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=151831
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Th2 cytokines and asthma --- The role of interleukin-5 in allergic eosinophilic disease. by Greenfeder S, Umland SP, Cuss FM, Chapman RW, Egan RW. 2001; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=59571
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The tripeptide feG ameliorates systemic inflammatory responses to rat intestinal anaphylaxis. by Turesin F, Sadr A, Davison JS, Mathison R. 2002; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=126222
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Thioredoxin-linked mitigation of allergic responses to wheat. by Buchanan BB, Adamidi C, Lozano RM, Yee BC, Momma M, Kobrehel K, Ermel R, Frick OL. 1997 May 13; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24685
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Use of ultramolecular potencies of allergen to treat asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite: double blind randomised controlled clinical trial. by Lewith GT, Watkins AD, Hyland ME, Shaw S, Broomfield JA, Dolan G, Holgate ST. 2002 Mar 2; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=67767
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with allergies, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “allergies” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for “allergies” (hyperlinks lead to article summaries):
PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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8. Occupational asthma and allergies. Author(s): Bardana EJ Jr. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2003 February; 111(2 Suppl): S530-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12592299&dopt=Abstract
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A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. VI. Early development, sleep problems, allergies, and handedness. Author(s): Comings DE, Comings BG. Source: American Journal of Human Genetics. 1987 November; 41(5): 822-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3479017&dopt=Abstract
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A deficient capacity to produce interferon-gamma: is it a risk for asthma and allergies? Author(s): Halonen M, Martinez FD. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 November; 27(11): 1234-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9420124&dopt=Abstract
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A double blind, randomized, controlled investigation of electrodermal testing in the diagnosis of allergies. Author(s): Krop J, Lewith GT, Gziut W, Radulescu C. Source: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.). 1997 Fall; 3(3): 241-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9430327&dopt=Abstract
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A genetic-epidemiologic study of human immune responsiveness to allergens in an industrial population. II. The associations among skin sensitivity, total serum IgE, age, sex, and the reporting of allergies in a stratified random sample. Author(s): Freidhoff LR, Meyers DA, Marsh DG. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1984 April; 73(4): 490-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6707392&dopt=Abstract
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A modified determination of coenzyme Q10 in human blood and CoQ10 blood levels in diverse patients with allergies. Author(s): Ye CQ, Folkers K, Tamagawa H, Pfeiffer C. Source: Biofactors (Oxford, England). 1988 December; 1(4): 303-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3255359&dopt=Abstract
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A patient with multiple allergies: what anesthetic to use? Author(s): Sidon MA, Aldrete JA. Source: The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1971 February; 82(2): 366-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5275699&dopt=Abstract
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A prospective study of allergy in a pediatric population. The role of heredity in the incidence of allergies, and experience with milk-free diet in the newborn. Author(s): Brown EB, Josephson BM, Levine HS, Rosen M. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1969 June; 117(6): 693-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5818902&dopt=Abstract
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A review of paediatric allergies. Author(s): Kuzemko JA. Source: Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse. 1979 October; 15(10): 390-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=258270&dopt=Abstract
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A survey of airborne pollen and spores in Auckland: its use in the diagnosis of seasonal allergies. Author(s): Hillas JL, Wilson JD. Source: N Z Med J. 1979 January 24; 89(628): 37-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=285371&dopt=Abstract
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A survey of respiratory infections and allergies in Canberra. Author(s): Bridges-Webb C. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1971 March 27; 1(13): 714-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5553826&dopt=Abstract
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A survey of respiratory infections and allergies in Canberra. Author(s): Sands CC, Derrick EH, Nock B. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1971 February 13; 1(7): 364-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5553136&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Allergy and the skin. I--Urticaria. Author(s): Greaves MW, Sabroe RA. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 April 11; 316(7138): 1147-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9552957&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Asthma and allergy. Author(s): Neuman Taylor AJ. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 March 28; 316(7136): 997-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9550963&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Avoiding exposure to indoor allergens. Author(s): Woodcock A, Custovic A. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 April 4; 316(7137): 1075-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9552913&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Diagnosing allergy. Author(s): Rusznak C, Davies RJ. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 February 28; 316(7132): 686-9. Review. Erratum In: Bmj 1998 April 4; 316(7137): 1078. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9522798&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Good allergy practice. Author(s): Kay AB. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 February 14; 316(7130): 535-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9501719&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Pathogenic mechanisms: a rational basis for treatment. Author(s): Howarth PH. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 March 7; 316(7133): 758-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9529415&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Perennial rhinitis. Author(s): Mackay IS, Durham SR. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 March 21; 316(7135): 917-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9552846&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. Summer hay fever. Author(s): Durham S. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 March 14; 316(7134): 843-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9549458&dopt=Abstract
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ABC of allergies. The epidemiology of allergic disease. Author(s): Jarvis D, Burney P. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998 February 21; 316(7131): 607-10. Review. Erratum In: Bmj 1998 April 4; 316(7137): 1078. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9518918&dopt=Abstract
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Acute myelocytic leukemia and prior allergies. Author(s): Severson RK, Davis S, Thomas DB, Stevens RG, Heuser L, Sever LE. Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1989; 42(10): 995-1001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2809658&dopt=Abstract
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Age of entry to nursery and allergies in later life. Author(s): Xu B, Pekkanen J. Source: Lancet. 1999 June 5; 353(9168): 1969. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10371592&dopt=Abstract
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Age-sex incidence in symptomatic allergies: an excess of females in the child-bearing years. Author(s): Wormald PJ. Source: J Hyg (Lond). 1977 August; 79(1): 39-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=267667&dopt=Abstract
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Aging, arthritis and food allergies: a research opportunity revisited. Author(s): Moment GB. Source: Growth. 1980 September; 44(3): 155-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7429283&dopt=Abstract
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AIDS, HIV-positive patients, and allergies. Author(s): Marshall GD Jr. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 1999 September-October; 20(5): 301-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10566099&dopt=Abstract
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Air pollutants might aggravate athletes' asthma, allergies. Author(s): Prescott LM. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984 May 18; 251(19): 2496. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6716569&dopt=Abstract
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Airway diseases and allergies in East and West German children during the first 5 years after reunification: time trends and the impact of sulphur dioxide and total suspended particles. Author(s): Kramer U, Behrendt H, Dolgner R, Ranft U, Ring J, Willer H, Schlipkoter HW. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 October; 28(5): 865-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10597984&dopt=Abstract
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Alert to allergies. Author(s): Darby Y, Scaddings G. Source: Nurs Times. 1999 October 13-19; 95(41): 62, 65. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10786608&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies a la carte: is there a problem with genetically modified foods? Author(s): Eubanks M. Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002 March; 110(3): A130-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11882488&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and agricultural exposure as risk factors for multiple myeloma. Author(s): Gallagher RP, Spinelli JJ, Elwood JM, Skippen DH. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1983 December; 48(6): 853-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6652026&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and air conditioning. Author(s): Feinberg SM. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1966 June; 66(6): 1333-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5176759&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and anaesthesia. Author(s): Seigne R. Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1997 June; 78(6): 778. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9215047&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and asthma. Don't overlook the missing link. Author(s): Opperwall BC. Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 2000 September; 8(9): 34-8. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11761548&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and infant feeding. Author(s): Challacombe DN. Source: Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse. 1986 May; 22(5): 164-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3637600&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and problem students. Author(s): Glines D, Rapp D. Source: Health Educ. 1988 April-May; 19(2): 34-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3152219&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by subtype. Author(s): Briggs NC, Levine RS, Brann EA. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2002 April; 11(4): 401-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11927501&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and skin testing: a Nairobi experience. Author(s): De Souza M. Source: East Afr Med J. 1994 July; 71(7): 473-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7828505&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and their management. The clinical uses of sodium cromoglycate. Author(s): McWilliam P. Source: Nurs Mirror. 1977 September 8; 145(10): 23-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=408799&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies and vocal fold edema: a preliminary report. Author(s): Jackson-Menaldi CA, Dzul AI, Holland RW. Source: Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation. 1999 March; 13(1): 113-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10223679&dopt=Abstract
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'Allergies' article needs updating. Author(s): Bevill TV. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 April; 98(4): 200-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9594481&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies associated with medical gloves. Manufacturing issues. Author(s): Hamann CP, Kick SA. Source: Dermatologic Clinics. 1994 July; 12(3): 547-59. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7923952&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies correlated to adverse reactions induced by non-ionic monomeric and ionic dimeric contrast media for contrast enhanced CT examination. Author(s): Aoki Y, Takemura T. Source: Nippon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 September; 58(9): 1245-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12520220&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies ignored: routine versus thought. Author(s): Fisher TL. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1968 November 2; 99(17): 854-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5685890&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in breastfed babies to foods ingested by the mother. Author(s): Gerrard JW. Source: Clin Rev Allergy. 1984 May; 2(2): 143-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6428733&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in children: recognition. Author(s): Bridgewater SC, Voignier RR, Smith CS. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1978 April; 78(4): 613-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=246694&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in children: teaching. Author(s): Bridgewater SC, Voignier RR. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1978 April; 78(4): 620-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=246696&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in children: testing and treating. Author(s): Voignier RR, Bridgewater SC. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1978 April; 78(4): 617-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=246695&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in leg ulcer patients. Author(s): Vowden K. Source: J Wound Care. 1997 April; 6(4): 172. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9256716&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in North India. Author(s): Kumar L. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1981 September-October; 48(394): 653-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7327662&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in school children. Author(s): Mandell M. Source: Ann Allergy. 1987 March; 58(3): 222. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3826773&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies in the oro-facial region. Author(s): Moskona D, Fundoianu-Dayan D, Littner MM, Kaffe I. Source: Refuat Hashinayim. 1983 June; 1(1-2): 29-32. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6586334&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies may be a cause of inner-ear reactions. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1972 March; 51(3): 108. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5060935&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies may lead to minimal brain dysfunction in children. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1975 April; 54(4): 168-99. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1123023&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies may lead to minimal brain dysfunction in children. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1970 August; 49(8): 373-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5481621&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies of the dental pulp. Author(s): Adamkiewicz VW, Pekovic DD, Mascres C. Source: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978 December; 46(6): 843-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=310531&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies of the skin: expected versus actual incidence possible explanations for the difference, and therapeutic approaches. Author(s): Samter M. Source: Adv Biol Skin. 1971; 11: 337-43. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4950202&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies or colds? Author(s): Hagglund H. Source: J Okla Dent Assoc. 1984 Fall; 75(2): 30-1, 34. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6598475&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to cross-reactive plant proteins. Latex-fruit syndrome is comparable with pollen-food allergy syndrome. Author(s): Yagami T. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2002 August; 128(4): 271-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12218365&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to dental materials. Author(s): Wiltshire WA, Ferreira MR, Ligthelm AJ. Source: Quintessence Int. 1996 August; 27(8): 513-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9161254&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to ear moulds. A study of reactions encountered by hearing aid users to some ear mould materials. Author(s): Cockerill D. Source: British Journal of Audiology. 1987 May; 21(2): 143-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3594016&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to human insulin. Author(s): Berke L, Owen JA Jr, Atkinson RL Jr. Source: Diabetes Care. 1984 July-August; 7(4): 402-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6381011&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to multiple antiseizure medications: a relationship to ANA and SSA. Author(s): Attarian HP, Berg MJ, McBride MC, Erickson SM, Erba G. Source: Neurology. 1999 July 22; 53(2): 434-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10430449&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to transgenic foods--questions of policy. Author(s): Nestle M. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1996 March 14; 334(11): 726-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8594435&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies to wheat, yeast and royal jelly: a connection between ingestion and inhalation? Author(s): Baldo BA. Source: Monogr Allergy. 1996; 32: 84-91. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8813187&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies, mediators and asthma. Author(s): Bryant DH. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1984 September 1; 141(5 Suppl): S2-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6434910&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies, upper respiratory tract infections, and asthma. Author(s): Abramson M, Pearson L, Kutin J, Czarny D, Dziukas L, Bowes G. Source: The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma. 1994; 31(5): 367-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7928932&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies. Author(s): Frazier CA. Source: N C Med J. 1984 June; 45(6): 415. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6588302&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies: protective against cancer but predisposing to heart disease. Author(s): Rozencwaig R. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1982 September; 72(3): 42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7122342&dopt=Abstract
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Allergies: silent sufferers. Author(s): Iveson-Iveson J. Source: Nurs Mirror. 1980 November 27; 151(22): 38-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6905119&dopt=Abstract
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Allergy and modern society: does 'Western life style' promote the development of allergies? Author(s): Ring J. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1997 May-July; 113(1-3): 710. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9130472&dopt=Abstract
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Alternative medicine in allergies - prevalence, patterns of use, and costs. Author(s): Schafer T, Riehle A, Wichmann HE, Ring J. Source: Allergy. 2002 August; 57(8): 694-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12121187&dopt=Abstract
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Alternative milk formulas in allergies to proteins in cow's milk. Author(s): Botey J, Eseverri JL, Dordal MT, Andreu J, Marin A. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1993 March-April; 3(2): 100-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8281334&dopt=Abstract
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Alternatives for health care workers with latex glove allergies. Author(s): Hamann C. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993 May 12; 269(18): 2368. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8479059&dopt=Abstract
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Alternatives in the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. Author(s): King HC, King WP. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1998 February; 31(1): 141-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9530683&dopt=Abstract
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An exploratory study from the patients' perspective of living with allergies. Author(s): Zernike W, Corish T, Henderson S. Source: Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1997 September; 6(5): 371-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9355471&dopt=Abstract
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Anesthetic drug allergies. Author(s): Watkins J. Source: Anaesthesia. 1993 July; 48(7): 639-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8346790&dopt=Abstract
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Antibiotic allergies. Author(s): Weisman MI. Source: The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1979 March; 98(3): 366. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=283154&dopt=Abstract
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Antibiotic allergies. Author(s): Bennett AH. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1965 November 1; 194(5): 569. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5897376&dopt=Abstract
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Anti-idiotypic antibodies in the treatment of allergies. Author(s): Hebert J, Boutin Y. Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1996; 409: 431-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9095278&dopt=Abstract
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Are latex allergies 'disabilities' under the ADA? Author(s): Wolfberg D. Source: J Emerg Med Serv Jems. 2002 March; 27(3): 129. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11913178&dopt=Abstract
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Ascorbic acid versus allergies. Author(s): Jackson JA. Source: N Y J Dent. 1972 August-September; 42(7): 216-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4504853&dopt=Abstract
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Assay of factors of the kinin system in plasma from patients with specific exogenous allergies. Author(s): Briseid K, Qvigstad EK, Engelstad M, Lagerlov P, Lange-Nielsen F. Source: Acta Allergol. 1976 August; 31(4): 297-311. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1086050&dopt=Abstract
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Assessing possible allergies to wound care products. Author(s): Young T. Source: Community Nurse. 2000 September; 6(8): 65-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11982126&dopt=Abstract
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Association of giant papillary conjunctivitis with seasonal allergies. Author(s): Begley CG, Riggle A, Tuel JA. Source: Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 1990 March; 67(3): 192-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2320363&dopt=Abstract
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Association of house-dust and grass-pollen allergies with specific IgA antibody deficiency. Author(s): Stokes CR, Taylor B, Turner MW. Source: Lancet. 1974 August 31; 2(7879): 485-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4136547&dopt=Abstract
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Associations among familial sinistrality, allergies, and developmental language disorders. Author(s): Bulman-Fleming MB, Bryden MP, Wyse DM. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1996 November; 87(3-4): 257-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9003986&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma and allergies among children in West and East Germany: a comparison between Munster and Greifswald using the ISAAC phase I protocol. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Author(s): Duhme H, Weiland SK, Rudolph P, Wienke A, Kramer A, Keil U. Source: The European Respiratory Journal : Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 1998 April; 11(4): 840-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9623686&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma and allergies at school--a Swedish national position paper. Author(s): Borres MP, Abrahamsson G, Andersson B, Andersson B, Brakenhielm G, Fabricius T, Haag C, Rinne-Ljungkvist L, Foucard T; Association of School Physicians, Sweden. Source: Allergy. 2002 May; 57(5): 454-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11972488&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma from childhood to adulthood: asthma severity, allergies, sensitization, living conditions, gender influence and social consequences. Author(s): Kjellman B, Gustafsson PM. Source: Respiratory Medicine. 2000 May; 94(5): 454-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10868709&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma, allergies, and school. Author(s): Richards W. Source: Pediatric Annals. 1992 September; 21(9): 575-85. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1359499&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma, nasal allergies, and multiple sclerosis. Author(s): Neukirch F, Lyon-Caen O, Clanet M, Bousquet J, Feingold J, Druet P. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 February; 99(2): 270-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9042063&dopt=Abstract
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Asthma: laboratory workers and animal allergies. Author(s): Osman S. Source: Occup Health (Lond). 1989 March; 41(3): 72, 74. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2740032&dopt=Abstract
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Asthmatic allergies. Candida albicans as an atopic allergen. Author(s): Itkin IH, Anand SC. Source: J Kans Med Soc. 1968 October; 69(10): 483-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5705540&dopt=Abstract
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Auto-allergies of the central nervous system: a review. Author(s): Thomson JD. Source: J Iowa Med Soc. 1969 December; 59(12): 1085-92. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4901764&dopt=Abstract
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Biogel Skinsense N: surgical glove management for latex allergies. Author(s): Tanner J. Source: British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing). 2001 May 24-June 13; 10(10): 682-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12048469&dopt=Abstract
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Black henna tattoo reaction in a person with sulfonamide and benzocaine drug allergies. Author(s): Arroyo MP. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003 February; 48(2): 301-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12582412&dopt=Abstract
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Blood tests for allergies. Author(s): Li TM. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 August; 89(2): 218; Author Reply 2189. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12197583&dopt=Abstract
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Breast is best for preventing asthma and allergies--or is it? Author(s): Sly PD, Holt PG. Source: Lancet. 2002 September 21; 360(9337): 887-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12354466&dopt=Abstract
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Bronchial asthma in infants and children due to food and inhalant allergies. Author(s): Rowe AH, Rowe A Jr, Sinclair C. Source: J Asthma Res. 1967 March; 4(3): 189-95. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4290491&dopt=Abstract
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Bronchial asthma: food, inhalant, drug and chemical allergies in its etiology. Author(s): Rowe AH, Rowe A Jr. Source: Minn Med. 1967 September; 50(9): 1321-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6059021&dopt=Abstract
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Can immunoregulatory lactic acid bacteria be used as dietary supplements to limit allergies? Author(s): Cross ML, Gill HS. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2001 June; 125(2): 112-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11435727&dopt=Abstract
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Caring for patients with latex allergies. Author(s): Thurlow KL. Source: Home Healthcare Nurse. 1999 October; 17(10): 625-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10818836&dopt=Abstract
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Causative allergens and the results of specific hyposensitisation in nasobronchial allergies. Author(s): Shah AC, Merchant HC. Source: J Indian Med Assoc. 1983 September; 81(5-6): 77-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6674335&dopt=Abstract
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Changing the course of latex allergies. Author(s): Clappison RA. Source: Oral Health. 1998 June; 88(6): 17. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9667191&dopt=Abstract
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Charles Robert Richet and some milestones in the history of allergies. Author(s): Mazana J, Arino MR. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1991 April; 1(2): 93-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1669573&dopt=Abstract
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Children and allergies: some effects and treatment. Author(s): Galvin ES, Keim RE, Conway TP. Source: Children Today. 1984 January-February; 13(1): 31-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6705597&dopt=Abstract
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Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma and allergies. Author(s): But P, Chang C. Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 1996 Fall; 14(3): 253-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8932956&dopt=Abstract
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Ciliary activity in patients with nasal allergies. Author(s): Ohashi Y, Nakai Y, Kihara S, Ikeoka H, Takano H, Imoto T. Source: Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1985; 242(2): 141-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4062661&dopt=Abstract
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Clean-air video will interest MDs who treat patients with allergies, respiratory problems. Author(s): Rafuse J. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1996 March 15; 154(6): 912-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8634972&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical aspects of allergies to animals: overview and definition. Author(s): Slavin RG. Source: N Engl Reg Allergy Proc. 1987 May-June; 8(3): 163-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3477683&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical experience with treatment of allergies with T cell epitope containing peptides. Author(s): Norman PS. Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1996; 409: 457-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9095281&dopt=Abstract
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Cockroach and other inhalant allergies in infantile asthma. Author(s): Wilson NW, Robinson NP, Hogan MB. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1999 July; 83(1): 27-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10437813&dopt=Abstract
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Coexisting allergies to latex and to muscle relaxants in a primigravida. Author(s): Ayeko MO, Smith NJ. Source: Hosp Med. 1999 April; 60(4): 311. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10396446&dopt=Abstract
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Community management of severe allergies must be integrated and comprehensive, and must consist of more than just epinephrine. Author(s): Hourihane JO. Source: Allergy. 2001 November; 56(11): 1023-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11703213&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of asthma prevalence in the ISAAC and the ECRHS. ISAAC Steering Committee and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Author(s): Pearce N, Sunyer J, Cheng S, Chinn S, Bjorksten B, Burr M, Keil U, Anderson HR, Burney P. Source: The European Respiratory Journal : Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000 September; 16(3): 420-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11028654&dopt=Abstract
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Complications of allergies to latex urinary catheters. Author(s): Woodward S. Source: British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing). 1997 July 24-August 13; 6(14): 786-8, 790, 792-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9283302&dopt=Abstract
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Conditioning factors of respiratory allergies in Bogota, Colombia, S.A. Author(s): Sanchez-Medina M. Source: J Asthma Res. 1969 March; 6(3): 135-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5813619&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies in healthcare workers. Results from the IVDK. Author(s): Schnuch A, Uter W, Geier J, Frosch PJ, Rustemeyer T. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1998 September; 78(5): 358-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9779255&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies in patients with familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) Author(s): Reitamo S, Remitz A, Lauerma AI, Forstrom L. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1989 September; 21(3 Pt 1): 506-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2528572&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies induced by TTS-treatment. Author(s): Eichelberg D, Stolze P, Block M, Buchkremer G. Source: Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1989 March; 11(3): 223-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2725120&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies to nickel sulfate, gold sodium thiosulfate and palladium chloride in patients claiming side-effects from dental alloy components. Author(s): Marcusson JA. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1996 May; 34(5): 320-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8807223&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies to topical corticosteroids. Author(s): Hisa T, Katoh J, Yoshioka K, Taniguchi S, Mochida K, Nishimura T, Kanetomo H, Kono T, Hamada T. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1993 March; 28(3): 174-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8462297&dopt=Abstract
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Contact allergies to topical corticosteroids: 10 cases of contact dermatitis. Author(s): Dunkel FG, Elsner P, Burg G. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1991 August; 25(2): 97-103. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1834432&dopt=Abstract
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Contemporary problems of epidemiology and treatment of respiratory allergies and bronchial asthma. Author(s): Zavazal V. Source: Czech Med. 1980; 3(4): 255-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6785056&dopt=Abstract
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Controlling allergies by assessing risks in the home. Author(s): Huss K, Vessey JA, Mason P, Aschenbrenner DS, Huss RW. Source: Pediatric Nursing. 1996 September-October; 22(5): 432-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9087076&dopt=Abstract
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Controlling allergies by controlling environment. A big help for your patients. Author(s): Klein GL. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1992 March; 91(4): 215-8, 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1546012&dopt=Abstract
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Convertible automobile touring and seasonal allergies. Author(s): Nobel RE. Source: Lancet. 1987 April 11; 1(8537): 872. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2882283&dopt=Abstract
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Cooccurrence of latex and fruit allergies. Author(s): Freeman GL. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 1997 March-April; 18(2): 85-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9134065&dopt=Abstract
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Correlation of applied kinesiology muscle testing findings with serum immunoglobulin levels for food allergies. Author(s): Schmitt WH Jr, Leisman G. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1998 December; 96(3-4): 237-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10069623&dopt=Abstract
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Cosmetic allergies: what goes on under your makeup. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1976 April; 55(4): 133-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1253945&dopt=Abstract
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Costs of beta-lactam allergies: selection and costs of antibiotics for patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy. Author(s): MacLaughlin EJ, Saseen JJ, Malone DC. Source: Archives of Family Medicine. 2000 August; 9(8): 722-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10927711&dopt=Abstract
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Could parasitic infections protect aboriginal children against asthma and allergies? Author(s): Prociv P. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1997 April 7; 166(7): 391-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9137292&dopt=Abstract
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Counseling patients about drug allergies in the inpatient setting. Author(s): Johnson V, Croft C, Crane V. Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : Ajhp : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2001 October 1; 58(19): 1855-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11596705&dopt=Abstract
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Cromolyn DSG effects in hyperkinetic and psychotic children with allergies. Author(s): Simeon J, O'Malley M, Tryphonas H, Graham D, Mastronardi M, Simeon S, Griffin J. Source: Ann Allergy. 1979 June; 42(6): 343-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=110179&dopt=Abstract
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Cross-sectional associations of asthma, hay fever, and other allergies with major depression and low-back pain among adults aged 20-39 years in the United States. Author(s): Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 November 15; 150(10): 1107-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10568627&dopt=Abstract
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Cross-sensitization patterns in acrylate allergies. Author(s): Jordan WP Jr. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1975; 1(1): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1235066&dopt=Abstract
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Current comments on cutaneous allergy. Management of antibiotic allergies. Author(s): Fellner MJ, Ledesma GN. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1991 March; 30(3): 184-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1828059&dopt=Abstract
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Current status of immunotherapy for allergies and anaphylactic reactions. Author(s): Norman PS. Source: Adv Intern Med. 1996; 41: 681-713. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8903602&dopt=Abstract
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Cutaneous positivity in patients with respiratory allergies to 42 allergenic extracts of airborne fungi isolated in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Author(s): Mohovic J, Gambale W, Croce J. Source: Allergologia Et Immunopathologia. 1988 November-December; 16(6): 397-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3242377&dopt=Abstract
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Daniel's allergies. Author(s): Wells D. Source: Nurs Times. 1982 May 19-25; 78(20): 827-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6919905&dopt=Abstract
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Data regarding the problem of physical allergies. Author(s): Brassai Z, Hadnagy C, Horvath E, Nagy L. Source: Allerg Asthma (Leipz). 1970; 16(3): 68-74. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4396149&dopt=Abstract
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Delayed contact allergies in patients with photosensitivity dermatitis. Author(s): Hannuksela M, Suhonen R, Forstrom L. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1981; 61(4): 303-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6173984&dopt=Abstract
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Demonstration of spice-specific IgE in patients with suspected food allergies. Author(s): van Toorenenbergen AW, Dieges PH. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1987 January; 79(1): 108-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2433321&dopt=Abstract
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Dental anesthesia with lidocaine hydrochloride for children with intractable asthma and associated allergies. Author(s): Gottlieb SJ, Falliers CJ. Source: J Oral Ther Pharmacol. 1967 May; 3(6): 468-72. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6051004&dopt=Abstract
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Depression and allergies: survey of a nonclinical population. Author(s): Bell IR, Jasnoski ML, Kagan J, King DS. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1991; 55(1): 24-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1866437&dopt=Abstract
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Detection of IgE antibodies to a wide range of insect species in subjects with suspected inhalant allergies to insects. Author(s): Baldo BA, Panzani RC. Source: Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1988; 85(3): 278-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3350607&dopt=Abstract
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Detergent allergies: an urban legend. Author(s): Rockoff AS. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003 July; 49(1): 161. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12833037&dopt=Abstract
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Determination of factors of the plasma kinin system in plasma substrate specimens from patients with specific, exogenous allergies. Author(s): Briseid K, Dyrud OK, Lange-Nielsen F. Source: Acta Allergol. 1968 December; 23(6): 413-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5757086&dopt=Abstract
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Development and validation of a brief pediatric screen for asthma and allergies among children. Author(s): Wolf RL, Berry CA, Quinn K. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 May; 90(5): 500-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12775131&dopt=Abstract
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Development of allergies and asthma in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis--a prospective follow-up to 7 years of age. Author(s): Gustafsson D, Sjoberg O, Foucard T. Source: Allergy. 2000 March; 55(3): 240-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10753014&dopt=Abstract
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Development of food allergies with special reference to cow's milk allergy. Author(s): Foucard T. Source: Pediatrics. 1985 January; 75(1 Pt 2): 177-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3880887&dopt=Abstract
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Diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease in pregnancy complicated by maternal allergies to antithyroid medication. Author(s): Bruner JP, Landon MB, Gabbe SG. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 September; 72(3 Pt 2): 443-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3405562&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing allergies. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1975 March; 54(3): 126-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=234856&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing allergies. Author(s): Taub SJ. Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1973 March; 52(3): 108-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4704962&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing allergies. The hows and whys. Author(s): Walls RS. Source: Aust Fam Physician. 1993 November; 22(11): 1937-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8304849&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosing allergies: when to test, when to refer. Author(s): Wood RA. Source: Contemp Pediatr. 1994 September; 11(9): 13-4, 17-24, 26 Passim. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10150285&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. Author(s): Anderson JB, Lessof MH. Source: The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 1983 June; 42(2): 257-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6889311&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis of food allergies and intolerances in the study of prophylaxis and control groups in infants. Author(s): Hamburger RN. Source: Ann Allergy. 1984 December; 53(6 Pt 2): 673-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6507956&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis of multiple inhalant allergies in children by radioimmunoassay. Author(s): Hoffman DR, Haddad ZH. Source: Pediatrics. 1974 August; 54(2): 151-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4858837&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic approaches to the patient with suspected food allergies. Author(s): Burks AW, Sampson HA. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1992 November; 121(5 Pt 2): S64-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1280298&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic efficacy of in vitro methods vs. skin testing in patients with inhalant allergies. Author(s): Corey JP, Liudahl JJ, Young SA, Rodman SM. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1991 March; 104(3): 299-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1902930&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic value of culture procedures and provocation tests in suspected mold allergies. Author(s): Liebeskind A. Source: Acta Allergol. 1971 April; 26(2): 106-16. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5109835&dopt=Abstract
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Diet and asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptom prevalence: an ecological analysis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) data. ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Author(s): Ellwood P, Asher MI, Bjorksten B, Burr M, Pearce N, Robertson CF. Source: The European Respiratory Journal : Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2001 March; 17(3): 436-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11405522&dopt=Abstract
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Dietitians face the challenge of food allergies. Author(s): Beker L, Koerner CB. Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2000 January; 100(1): 13-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10671109&dopt=Abstract
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Difficulties generated by allergies. Author(s): Baker BM, Baker CD. Source: The Journal of School Health. 1980 December; 50(10): 583-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6160318&dopt=Abstract
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Dissection of the grass allergen-specific immune response in patients with allergies and control subjects: T-cell proliferation in patients does not correlate with specific serum IgE and skin reactivity. Author(s): Wurtzen PA, van Neerven RJ, Arnved J, Ipsen H, Sparholt SH. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 February; 101(2 Pt 1): 241-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9500758&dopt=Abstract
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Dissociation of house dust allergies. A comparison between skin tests, inhalation tests, specific IgE and basophil histamine release measurements. Author(s): Pauli G, Bessot JC, Hirth C, Thierry R. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1979 April; 63(4): 245-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=85649&dopt=Abstract
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DNA-based approaches to the treatment of allergies. Author(s): Spiegelberg HL, Raz E. Source: Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2002 February; 4(1): 64-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11883696&dopt=Abstract
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Do allergies protect against the effects of a rhinovirus cold? Author(s): Busse WW, Gern JE. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 May; 105(5): 889-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10808166&dopt=Abstract
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Do only European cattle protect from allergies? Author(s): Braun-Fahrlander C. Source: Allergy. 2002 December; 57(12): 1094-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12464036&dopt=Abstract
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Do you believe in allergies? Author(s): Singh JN. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1988 May 15; 138(10): 889. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3365622&dopt=Abstract
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Does farming provide protection from asthma and allergies? Author(s): Braback L. Source: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2002; 91(11): 1147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12463307&dopt=Abstract
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Does passive smoking affect the incidence of nasal allergies? Author(s): Tsunoda K, Ohta Y, Shinogami M, Soda Y. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1995 July; 85(7): 1019-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7604903&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergies among patients with borderline personality symptomatology. Author(s): Sansone RA, Gentile J, Markert RJ. Source: General Hospital Psychiatry. 2000 July-August; 22(4): 289-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11023365&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergies in the surgical population. Author(s): Hung OR, Bands C, Laney G, Drover D, Stevens S, MacSween M. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 1994 December; 41(12): 1149-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7867107&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and the patient record. Author(s): Pleasants RA, Kessler JM. Source: Am J Hosp Pharm. 1993 July; 50(7): 1363. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8362869&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergies. Author(s): Gruchalla RS. Source: Primary Care. 1998 December; 25(4): 791-807. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9735119&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergy and protocols for management of drug allergies. Author(s): Patterson R, DeSwarte RD, Greenberger PA, Grammer LC, Brown JE, Choy AC. Source: Allergy Proc. 1994 September-October; 15(5): 239-64. Review. No Abstract Available. Erratum In: Allergy Proc 1995 January-February; 16(1): 53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7835691&dopt=Abstract
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Drug allergy and protocols for management of drug allergies. Author(s): Patterson R, DeSwarte RD, Greenberger PA, Grammer LC. Source: N Engl Reg Allergy Proc. 1986 July-August; 7(4): 325-42. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3475548&dopt=Abstract
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Drug therapy for those annoying allergies. Author(s): Simon GI. Source: Occup Health Saf. 1981 March; 50(3): 69-70, 74-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6111058&dopt=Abstract
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Drug treatment of allergies. I. The pathophysiologic basis of allergy. Author(s): Blumstein GI. Source: Semin Drug Treat. 1973 Spring; 2(4): 353-65. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4122216&dopt=Abstract
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Influence of asthma or allergies on the utilization of health care resources and quality of life of college students. Author(s): Jolicoeur LM, Boyer JG, Reeder CE, Turner J. Source: The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma. 1994; 31(4): 251-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8040151&dopt=Abstract
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Intake of trans fatty acids and prevalence of childhood asthma and allergies in Europe. ISAAC Steering Committee. Author(s): Weiland SK, von Mutius E, Husing A, Asher MI. Source: Lancet. 1999 June 12; 353(9169): 2040-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10376626&dopt=Abstract
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Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma. Author(s): Hobbs K, Negri J, Klinnert M, Rosenwasser LJ, Borish L. Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1998 December; 158(6): 1958-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9847292&dopt=Abstract
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International prevalences of reported food allergies and intolerances. Comparisons arising from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) 19911994. Author(s): Woods RK, Abramson M, Bailey M, Walters EH. Source: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2001 April; 55(4): 298-304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11360135&dopt=Abstract
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International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire: validation of the asthma component among Brazilian children. Author(s): Sole D, Vanna AT, Yamada E, Rizzo MC, Naspitz CK. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1998 November-December; 8(6): 376-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10028486&dopt=Abstract
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International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms among Brazilian schoolchildren. Author(s): Sole D, Yamada E, Vana AT, Werneck G, Solano de Freitas L, Sologuren MJ, Brito M, Rosario Filho NA, Stein RT, Mallol J. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2001; 11(2): 123-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11642571&dopt=Abstract
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International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): validation of the written questionnaire (eczema component) and prevalence of atopic eczema among Brazilian children. Author(s): Yamada E, Vanna AT, Naspitz CK, Sole D. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002; 12(1): 34-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12109530&dopt=Abstract
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International study of asthma and allergies in childhood. Results of the first phase of the I.S.A.A.C. project in Pamplona, Spain. Author(s): Fernandez Benitez M, Guillen F, Marin B, Pajaron MJ, Brun C, Aguinaga I, Esteban MA, Garcia B, Martinez Gonzalez MA, Notivol P, Santos MA, Zapata MA. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1996 September-October; 6(5): 288-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8959539&dopt=Abstract
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International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Results on rhinitis of first phase in Pamplona, Spain. Author(s): Carvalho N, Fernandez-Benitez M, Cascante L, Aguinaga I, Guillen F. Source: Allergologia Et Immunopathologia. 2000 July-August; 28(4): 207-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11022266&dopt=Abstract
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International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood: validation of the rhinitis symptom questionnaire and prevalence of rhinitis in schoolchildren in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Author(s): Vanna AT, Yamada E, Arruda LK, Naspitz CK, Sole D. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2001 April; 12(2): 95-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11338293&dopt=Abstract
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Involvement of T cells in drug-induced allergies. Author(s): Zanni MP, Schnyder B, von Greyerz S, Pichler WJ. Source: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 1998 August; 19(8): 308-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9745357&dopt=Abstract
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Is diesel exhaust a cause for increasing allergies? Author(s): Salvi SS, Frew A, Holgate S. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 January; 29(1): 4-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10051695&dopt=Abstract
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Is electrodermal testing as effective as skin prick tests for diagnosing allergies? A double blind, randomised block design study. Author(s): Lewith GT, Kenyon JN, Broomfield J, Prescott P, Goddard J, Holgate ST. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 2001 January 20; 322(7279): 131-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11159567&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies can affect any of us. Author(s): Shymko MJ, Shymko TM. Source: Radiol Technol. 1997 July-August; 68(6): 552, 551. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9253064&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies in dentistry: recognition and recommendations. Author(s): Roy A, Epstein J, Onno E. Source: Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 1997 April; 63(4): 297-300. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9125845&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies in the health care setting. A review of the problem and some solutions to address the issue. Author(s): Peacock E. Source: Nephrol News Issues. 1998 February; 12(2): 20-5. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9526367&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies in the health care worker. Author(s): Tesiorowski CC. Source: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses / American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses. 2003 February; 18(1): 18-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12596131&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies. Author(s): Albert SB. Source: The New York State Dental Journal. 1998 November; 64(9): 4-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9871394&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies. Author(s): Burke FJ, Wilson NH. Source: British Dental Journal. 1993 April 10; 174(7): 233. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8461201&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: how they affect the dental profession. Author(s): Lassiter TE, Panagakos FS. Source: J N J Dent Assoc. 1997 Spring; 68(2): 23-4, 50-4. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9540737&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: management and clinical responsibilities. Author(s): Thurlow KL. Source: Home Healthcare Nurse. 2001 June; 19(6): 369-75; Quiz 376. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11985234&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: overview, prevention and implications for nursing care. Author(s): Blaylock B. Source: Ostomy Wound Manage. 1995 June; 41(5): 10-2, 14-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7612136&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: registered nurses can sue for compensation. Author(s): Petroff J. Source: Ohio Nurses Rev. 1998 September; 73(8): 4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10595145&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: when rubber rubs the wrong way. Author(s): Stehlin D. Source: Fda Consumer. 1992 September; 26(7): 16-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10121291&dopt=Abstract
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Latex allergies: where the rubber glove meets the road. Author(s): Souhrada L. Source: Materials Management in Health Care. 1995 December; 4(12): 26, 28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10153413&dopt=Abstract
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Latex anaphylaxis in a child with a history of multiple anesthetic drug allergies. Author(s): Sethna NF, Sockin SM, Holzman RS, Slater JE. Source: Anesthesiology. 1992 August; 77(2): 372-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1642356&dopt=Abstract
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Latex-associated allergies and anaphylactic reactions. Author(s): Tomazic VJ, Withrow TJ, Fisher BR, Dillard SF. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1992 August; 64(2): 89-97. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1643748&dopt=Abstract
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Left-handedness: association with college major, familial sinistrality, allergies, and asthma. Author(s): Fry CJ. Source: Psychological Reports. 1990 October; 67(2): 419-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2263690&dopt=Abstract
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Letter: Preventing allergies caused by airborne particles. Author(s): Little EC, Odell AL. Source: N Z Med J. 1976 February 25; 83(558): 130-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1063935&dopt=Abstract
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Life-threatening allergies. Author(s): Solan TG. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1999 June; 99(6): 14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10489546&dopt=Abstract
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Living and working with latex allergies: personal perspectives from a nurse. Author(s): Greer S. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998 October; 7(4): 254-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9866629&dopt=Abstract
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Living with food allergies: not as easy as you might think. Author(s): Munoz-Furlong A. Source: Fda Consumer. 2001 July-August; 35(4): 40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11692890&dopt=Abstract
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Lypressin nasal spray. Usefulness in patients who manifest allergies to other antidiuretic hormone preparations. Author(s): Mimica N, Wegienka LC, Forsham PH. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1968 February 26; 203(9): 802-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5694174&dopt=Abstract
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Making the grade with asthma, allergies, and anaphylaxis. Author(s): Sander N. Source: Pediatric Nursing. 2002 November-December; 28(6): 593-5, 598. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12593344&dopt=Abstract
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Management of allergies to animals. Author(s): Eggleston PA, Wood RA. Source: Allergy Proc. 1992 November-December; 13(6): 289-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1490619&dopt=Abstract
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Respiratory allergies and skin test reactivity in high school students in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Author(s): Garcia-Ramos Alonso E, Fernandez-Caldas E, Seleznick MJ, Lockey RF. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1992 January-February; 2(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1342878&dopt=Abstract
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Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history. Author(s): Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS. Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2002 October; 55(10): 982-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12464374&dopt=Abstract
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Shingles, allergies, family medical history, oral contraceptives, and other potential risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus. Author(s): Strom BL, Reidenberg MM, West S, Snyder ES, Freundlich B, Stolley PD. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1994 October 1; 140(7): 632-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7942763&dopt=Abstract
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Suppression of the Th2 pathway by suplatast tosilate in patients with perennial nasal allergies. Author(s): Furukido K, Takeno S, Ueda T, Hirakawa K, Yajin K. Source: American Journal of Rhinology. 2002 November-December; 16(6): 329-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12512908&dopt=Abstract
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Survey of the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in schoolchildren from Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. an ISAAC study. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Author(s): Teeratakulpisarn J, Pairojkul S, Heng S. Source: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2000 December; 18(4): 187-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11316038&dopt=Abstract
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The contact lens patient and ocular allergies. Author(s): Donshik PC, Ehlers WH. Source: International Ophthalmology Clinics. 1991 Spring; 31(2): 133-45. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2040576&dopt=Abstract
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The correlation between systemic allergies and radiologically visible periapical pathosis. Author(s): Brummer HJ, van Wyk PJ. Source: Journal of Endodontics. 1987 August; 13(8): 396-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3481809&dopt=Abstract
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The diagnosis of drug allergies. Utilizing in vitro mast cell test and IgE inhibition test. Author(s): Girsh LS, Perelmutter LL. Source: Allergologia Et Immunopathologia. 1982 May-June; 10(3): 229-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6816053&dopt=Abstract
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The ecological relationship of tobacco smoking to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and other atopic diseases in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Author(s): Mitchell EA, Stewart AW; ISAAC Phase One Study Group. International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood. Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 2001; 17(7): 667-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12086081&dopt=Abstract
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The effect of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in patients with food allergies. Author(s): Basomba A, Campos A, Villalmanzo IG, Pelaez A. Source: Acta Allergol. 1977; Suppl 13: 95-101. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=415503&dopt=Abstract
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The evolution of allergies in childhood. Author(s): Peshkin MM. Source: J Asthma Res. 1967 June; 4(4): 253-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6027073&dopt=Abstract
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The general pediatrician's role in managing asthma and allergies. Author(s): Hoekelman RA. Source: Pediatric Annals. 1992 September; 21(9): 529-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1437311&dopt=Abstract
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The human basophil degranulation test as an in vitro method for the diagnosis of allergies. Author(s): Benveniste J. Source: Clin Allergy. 1981 January; 11(1): 1-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7214682&dopt=Abstract
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The immunology of respiratory allergies. Author(s): Frew AJ. Source: Toxicology Letters. 1996 August; 86(2-3): 65-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8711778&dopt=Abstract
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The impact of allergies and allergy treatment on worker productivity. Author(s): Burton WN, Conti DJ, Chen CY, Schultz AB, Edington DW. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2001 January; 43(1): 64-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11201771&dopt=Abstract
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The importance of recombinant allergens for diagnosis and therapy of IgE-mediated allergies. Author(s): Kraft D, Ferreira F, Vrtala S, Breiteneder H, Ebner C, Valenta R, Susani M, Breitenbach M, Scheiner O. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1999 February-April; 118(24): 171-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10224369&dopt=Abstract
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The incidence of antimicrobial allergies in hospitalized patients: implications regarding prescribing patterns and emerging bacterial resistance. Author(s): Lee CE, Zembower TR, Fotis MA, Postelnick MJ, Greenberger PA, Peterson LR, Noskin GA. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000 October 9; 160(18): 2819-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11025792&dopt=Abstract
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The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). ISAAC Steeriing Committee. Author(s): Asher MI, Weiland SK. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 November; 28 Suppl 5: 52-66; Discussion 90-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9988448&dopt=Abstract
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The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): objectives and methods; results from German ISAAC centres concerning traffic density and wheezing and allergic rhinitis. Author(s): Keil U, Weiland SK, Duhme H, Chambless L. Source: Toxicology Letters. 1996 August; 86(2-3): 99-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8711784&dopt=Abstract
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The involvement of the histamine degradation pathway by diamine oxidase in manifest gastrointestinal allergies. Author(s): Raithel M, Kufner M, Ulrich P, Hahn EG. Source: Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society. [et Al.]. 1999 April; 48 Suppl 1: S75-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10350171&dopt=Abstract
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The management of house dust mite allergies. Author(s): van Bronswijk JE, Schober G, Kniest FM. Source: Clinical Therapeutics. 1990 May-June; 12(3): 221-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2199059&dopt=Abstract
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The occurrence of multiple physical allergies in the same patient: report of three cases. Author(s): Sonin L, Grammer LC, Patterson R. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1985 June; 75(6): 705-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4008799&dopt=Abstract
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The patient with allergies. Author(s): Bowers DC, Graham WL, Smith HW. Source: Dent Clin North Am. 1983 April; 27(2): 403-17. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6574044&dopt=Abstract
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The potential role of tocopherol in asthma and allergies: modification of the leukotriene pathway. Author(s): Centanni S, Santus P, Di Marco F, Fumagalli F, Zarini S, Sala A. Source: Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy. 2001; 15(2): 81-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11437677&dopt=Abstract
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The RAST principle and the use of mixed-allergen RAST as a screening test for IgEmediated allergies. Author(s): Merrett TG, Merrett J. Source: Methods Enzymol. 1980; 70(A): 376-87. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7421599&dopt=Abstract
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The rationale for immunotherapy in respiratory allergies. Author(s): Norman PS. Source: Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1977; 89: 119-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=309208&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship between problem behavior and food allergies: one family's story. Author(s): Fields M, Fields P. Source: J Autism Child Schizophr. 1976 March; 6(1): 75-91. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=946802&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship of allergies and allergy treatment to school performance and student behavior. Author(s): McLoughlin J, Nall M, Isaacs B, Petrosko J, Karibo J, Lindsey B. Source: Ann Allergy. 1983 November; 51(5): 506-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6139046&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship of allergies to hypertension and other chronic diseases: some methodologic considerations. Author(s): Stebbings JH Jr. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1974 September; 100(3): 161-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4607233&dopt=Abstract
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The relationship of respiratory allergies to croup. Author(s): Laufer P. Source: The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma. 1986; 23(1): 9-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3745106&dopt=Abstract
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The relevance of specific serum IgG, IgG4 and IgE in the determination of shrimp and crab allergies in Malaysian allergic rhinitis patients. Author(s): Sheah-Min Y, Choon-Kook S. Source: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2001 March; 19(1): 7-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11495303&dopt=Abstract
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The role of the farm environment and animal contact for the development of asthma and allergies. Author(s): Braun-Fahrlander C. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001 December; 31(12): 1799-803. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11737027&dopt=Abstract
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The spectrum of gastrointestinal allergies to food. Author(s): Walker-Smith JA, Ford RP, Phillips AD. Source: Ann Allergy. 1984 December; 53(6 Pt 2): 629-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6391292&dopt=Abstract
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The use of acupuncture as an alternative dental analgesic in an individual with multiple allergies. Author(s): Gerschman JA, Wikstrom PO. Source: Swed Dent J. 1984; 8(5): 225-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6596756&dopt=Abstract
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The use of Phadiatop in mass-screening programmes of inhalant allergies: advantages and limitations. Author(s): Matricardi PM, Nisini R, Pizzolo JG, D'Amelio R. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1990 March; 20(2): 151-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2357615&dopt=Abstract
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Time and intensity of first pollen contacts and risk of subsequent pollen allergies. Author(s): Bjorksten F, Suoniemi I. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1981; 209(4): 299-303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7234505&dopt=Abstract
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Time to manage seasonal ocular allergies. Author(s): Smith SE. Source: J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol. 2000 March-April; 19(2): 68-73. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11075076&dopt=Abstract
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Time to spring into action against. Seasonal allergies. Author(s): Williams RD. Source: Fda Consumer. 1998 March-April; 32(2): 7-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9532949&dopt=Abstract
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Toothpaste allergies. Author(s): Baer PN. Source: J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1992 Spring; 16(3): 230-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1525080&dopt=Abstract
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Topical immunopharmacology of ocular allergies. Author(s): Bielory L, Kempuraj D, Theoharides T. Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 October; 2(5): 43545. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12582329&dopt=Abstract
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Toward optimal health: the experts respond to allergies. Interviews conducted by Jodi Godfrey Meisler. Author(s): Blaiss MS, James JM. Source: Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 1999 May; 8(4): 449-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10839697&dopt=Abstract
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Treating allergies: a perspective in family practice. Author(s): Gupta SK. Source: J Indian Med Assoc. 2000 March; 98(3): 132-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11016173&dopt=Abstract
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Treating patients with allergies by desensitizing them with minute doses of the allergen diluted in saline. Author(s): Ross T. Source: Nurs Mirror. 1981 February 12; 152(7): 18-20. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6906820&dopt=Abstract
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Treating the patient with multiple cosmetic product allergies. A problem-oriented approach to sensitive skin. Author(s): Draelos ZD. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 2000 June; 107(7): 70-2, 75-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10887447&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of common allergies. Author(s): Wraith DG. Source: Practitioner. 1985 January; 229(1399): 63-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3991438&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of patients with allergies to dental materials. Author(s): Schneider RL. Source: Iowa Dent J. 1992 October; 78(4): 11-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1340490&dopt=Abstract
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Trends in allergies among children in a region of former East Germany between 19921993 and 1995-1996. Author(s): Heinrich J, Hoelscher B, Jacob B, Wjst M, Wichmann HE. Source: European Journal of Medical Research. 1999 March 26; 4(3): 107-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10085278&dopt=Abstract
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Two observed associations between respiratory allergies and hypertension in nonsmokers. Author(s): Stebbings JH Jr. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1973 January; 97(1): 4-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4684067&dopt=Abstract
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Type A-B behavior and the incidence of allergies in college students. Author(s): Barton S, Brautigam M, Fogle G, Freitas RC, Hicks RA. Source: Psychological Reports. 1982 April; 50(2): 566. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7089141&dopt=Abstract
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Type I allergies to latex and the aeroallergenic problem. Author(s): Heese A, Peters KP, Koch HU. Source: Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997; (579): 19-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9195178&dopt=Abstract
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Uncovering the hidden costs of allergies. Author(s): Collis L, Pellegrini K. Source: Bus Health. 1997 March; 15(3): 47-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10165590&dopt=Abstract
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Understanding allergies and their treatment. Author(s): Hendry C, Farley AH. Source: Nursing Standard : Official Newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing. 2001 May 16-22; 15(35): 47-52; Quiz 53, 56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12216221&dopt=Abstract
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Understanding drug allergies. Author(s): Gruchalla R. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 June; 105(6 Pt 2): S637-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10856171&dopt=Abstract
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Upper respiratory tract allergies. Author(s): Czarny D. Source: Aust Fam Physician. 1979 January; 8(1): 64-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=86348&dopt=Abstract
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Use of altered peptide ligands to modulate immune responses as a possible immunotherapy for allergies. Author(s): De Palma R, Sacerdoti G, Abbate GF, Martucci P, Mazzarella G. Source: Allergy. 2000; 55 Suppl 61: 56-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10919509&dopt=Abstract
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Use of non-latex gloves for children with latex allergies. Author(s): Gleeson RM. Source: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 1995 February; 10(1): 64-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7891264&dopt=Abstract
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Validation of a rhinitis symptom questionnaire (ISAAC core questions) in a population of Swiss school children visiting the school health services. SCARPOLteam. Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptom with respect to Air Pollution and Climate. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Author(s): Braun-Fahrlander C, Wuthrich B, Gassner M, Grize L, Sennhauser FH, Varonier HS, Vuille JC. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 1997 May; 8(2): 75-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9617776&dopt=Abstract
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Values of complement, T- and B-lymphocytes and immune complexes in patients with skin allergies. Author(s): Lugovic L, Lipozencic J. Source: Acta Med Croatica. 1998; 52(4-5): 203-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9988897&dopt=Abstract
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Virus-provoked rhinitis in patients who have allergies. Author(s): Fireman P. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 2002 March-April; 23(2): 99-102. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12001797&dopt=Abstract
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Vocal quality, articulation and audiological characteristics of children and young adults with diagnosed allergies. Author(s): Baker BM, Baker CD, Le HT. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1982 May-June; 91(3 Pt 1): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7092048&dopt=Abstract
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Web monitor. Resources for asthma and allergies. Author(s): Woods A. Source: Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing : Dccn. 1999 July-August; 18(4): 45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10640031&dopt=Abstract
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When allergies and asthma complicate pregnancy. Author(s): Lipkowitz MA, Schatz M, Cook TJ, Ford L, Frankel SJ, Gluck J, Leibner D, Leija JG, Luskin A, Ortega-Carr D, Spector SL. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1998 July; 81(1): 30-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9690570&dopt=Abstract
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When latex allergies limit employment. Author(s): Wilburn S. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 2001 August; 101(8): 88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12113013&dopt=Abstract
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Which diagnostic tests for common allergies? Where to start when you face an allergy puzzle. Author(s): Volcheck GW. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 2001 May; 109(5): 71-2, 77-8, 84-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11381672&dopt=Abstract
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Why are allergies increasing? Author(s): Ring J, Kramer U, Schafer T, Behrendt H. Source: Current Opinion in Immunology. 2001 December; 13(6): 701-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11677093&dopt=Abstract
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Wood stove heating, asthma and allergies. Author(s): Kilpelainen M, Koskenvuo M, Helenius H, Terho E. Source: Respiratory Medicine. 2001 November; 95(11): 911-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11716206&dopt=Abstract
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Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Author(s): Strachan D, Sibbald B, Weiland S, Ait-Khaled N, Anabwani G, Anderson HR, Asher MI, Beasley R, Bjorksten B, Burr M, Clayton T, Crane J, Ellwood P, Keil U, Lai C, Mallol J, Martinez F, Mitchell E, Montefort S, Pearce N, Robertson C, Shah J, Stewart A, von Mutius E, Williams H. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 1997 November; 8(4): 161-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9553981&dopt=Abstract
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Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Author(s): Williams H, Robertson C, Stewart A, Ait-Khaled N, Anabwani G, Anderson R, Asher I, Beasley R, Bjorksten B, Burr M, Clayton T, Crane J, Ellwood P, Keil U, Lai C, Mallol J, Martinez F, Mitchell E, Montefort S, Pearce N, Shah J, Sibbald B, Strachan D, von Mutius E, Weiland SK. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 January; 103(1 Pt 1): 12538. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9893196&dopt=Abstract
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Wrestling with allergies. Author(s): Schen J. Source: Rdh. 1990 April; 10(4): 44-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1975112&dopt=Abstract
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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ALLERGIES Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and allergies.
Finding Nutrition Studies on Allergies The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail:
[email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “allergies” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.
7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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The following is a typical result when searching for recently indexed consumer information on allergies: ·
Food allergy basics: what clinicians should know. Author(s): American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI Source: Atkins, F.M. Auld, E. Nutrition-and-the-M.D (USA). (April 1993). volume 19(4) page 1-3. food allergies heritability symptoms therapeutic diets pregnancy diagnosis mothers diet 0732-0167 Summary: allergie alimentaire heritabilite symptome regime alimentaire therapeutique gestation diagnostic mere regime alimentaire
Additional consumer oriented references include: ·
Babies, bacteria, and allergies. Source: Anonymous Health-News. 2001 June; 7(6): 8 1081-5880
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Food allergies and avoidance diets. Source: Taylor, S.L. Hefle, S.L. Munoz Furlong, A. Nutrition-today. (1999). Jan/February 1999. volume 34 (1) page 15-22.
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Herbs that fight food allergies. Source: Moran, Volume Veg-Times. Mt. Morris, Ill. : Vegetarian Life & Times. October 1989. (146) page 58-60, 62, 64. 0164-8497
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Living with food allergies. Source: Springen, K. Vegetarian-times (USA). (April 1994). (no. 200) page 98, 100-101. food allergies digestive disorders immunoglobulins families genetic inheritance diet 0164-8497
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Milk & food allergies. Source: Buss, David. Nutr-Food-Sci. London, Eng. : Forbes Publications. Sept/October 1983. (84) page 14-15. ill. 0034-6659
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Milk-protein allergy in infants. Source: Tufts-Univ-Diet-Nutr-Lett. New York, N.Y. : Tufts University Diet and Nutrition Letter. June 1983. volume 1 (4) page 7-8. 0747-4105
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Onion juice can cure allergies in the world of homeopathic medicine. Source: Milner, I. Environmental-nutrition (USA). (January 1993). volume 16(1) page 1, 4. onions vegetable juices hypersensitivity homeopathy drugs 0893-4452
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Some new food allergies have nonfood triggers. Source: Platzman, A.D. Environ-nutr. New York : Environmental Nutrition, Inc.,. May 2000. volume 23 (5) page 1, 6. 0893-4452
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Unfriendly foods: how great is the threat of food allergy? Source: McMann, M.C. Environmental-nutrition (USA). (March 1997). volume 20(3) page 1, 6. food allergies immune response testing diet symptoms 0893-4452
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Unproven “allergies”: an epidemic of nonsense. Source: Nutr-Today. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins. Mar/April 1989. volume 24 (2) page 6-11. 0029-666X
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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “allergies” (or a synonym): ·
Airway diseases and allergies in East and West German children during the first 5 years after reunification: time trends and the impact of sulphur dioxide and total suspended particles. Author(s): Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene, Dusseldorf Germany. Source: Kramer, U Behrendt, H Dolgner, R Ranft, U Ring, J Willer, H Schlipkoter, H W Int-J-Epidemiol. 1999 October; 28(5): 865-73 0300-5771
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Allergomimetic reactions to food and pseudo-food-allergy. Source: Pearson, D.J. Rix, K.J.B. Idiopathic, food-induced, and drug-induced pseudoallergic reactions / editors, P. Dukor... [et al.]. Basel : Karger, 1985. page 59-105. ISBN: 3805537980
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Alternatives in the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. Source: King, H C King, W P Otolaryngol-Clin-North-Am. 1998 February; 31(1): 141-56 0030-6665
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Assessment of allergic potential of (novel) foods. Author(s): INRA-CEA/SPI, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Gif sur Yvette, France. Source: Wal, J M Nahrung. 1999 June; 43(3): 168-74 0027-769X
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Epidemiology of food allergy: with emphasis on the influence of maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation on allergy in infancy. Source: Kjellman, N.I.M. Hattevig, G. Falth Magnusson, K. Bjorksten, B. Carnat-NutrEduc-Ser. New York : Raven Press. 1989. volume 1 page 105-114. 1049-4901
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Evaluation of the MAST CLA allergy system for diagnosis of allergies to house dust mites and cats. Author(s): Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Source: Ho, T M DeBruynne, J Ahamad, M Darussamin, H Asian-Pac-J-AllergyImmunol. 1997 September; 15(3): 123-6 0125-877X
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First survey from the “Allergy Vigilance Network”: life-threatening food allergies in France. Author(s): Service de Medecine Interne, Immunologie Clinique et Allergologie, Hopital Central 29, avenue de Lattre de Tassigny-54035 Nancy. Source: Moneret Vautrin, D A Kanny, G Parisot, L Allerg-Immunol-(Paris). 2002 June; 34(6): 194-8 0397-9148
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Food allergies in Spain: causal allergens and diagnostic strategies. Author(s): Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Source: Martin Esteban, M Pascual, C Y Pediatr-Pulmonol-Suppl. 1999; 18154-6 1054187X
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Food allergy and the central nervous system in childhood. Source: Egger, J. Food allergy and intolerance / [edited by] Jonathan Brostoff, Stephen J. Challacombe. London : Bailli'ere Tindall, 1987. page 666-673. ISBN: 0702011568
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Food allergy testing: problems in identification of allergenic foods. Source: Joneja, J.M. Can-j-diet-pract-res. Markham, ON : PG Communications, [1998-. Winter 1999. volume 60 (4) page 222-226. 1486-3847
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Gastrointestinal aspects of food allergy: a review. Source: Hall, E.J. J-small-anim-pract. London : British Veterinary Association. March 1994. volume 35 (3) page 145-152. 0022-4510
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IgE mediated allergy to peanut, cow's milk and egg in children, with special reference to maternal diet. Source: Gerrard, J.W. Food allergy / edited by R.K. Chandra. St John's, Nfld. : Nutrition Research Education Foundation, 1987. page 225-235. charts. ISBN: 0920502679
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Intolerance and allergy to food and food additives. Source: Lessof, M.H. Murdoch, R.D. Young, E. Nutritional and toxicological aspects of food processing : proceedings of an interntional symposium held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 14-16 April 1987 / edited by R. Walker and E. Quattrucci. London : Taylor & Francis, 1988. page 345-350. ISBN: 0850664179
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Mechanism and control of food allergy. Source: Hayakawa, K. Linko, Y.Y. Linko, P. Lebensm-Wiss-Technol. London : Academic Press. 1999. volume 32 (1) page 1-11. 0023-6438
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Modern diets and diseases: NO-zinc balance. Under Th1, zinc and nitrogen monoxide (NO) collectively protect against viruses, AIDS, autoimmunity, diabetes, allergies, asthma, infectious diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. Author(s): Bennekom, The Netherlands. Source: Sprietsma, J E Med-Hypotheses. 1999 July; 53(1): 6-16 0306-9877
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Nutrition and behavior. 1. Allergies and additives. Source: Whitney, E.N. DeBruyne, L.K. Nutr-Clin. Philadelphia, Pa. : George F. Stickley Company. February 1987. volume 2 (1) page 1-11. charts. 0888-3483
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Of allergies, sensitivities, and food intolerance. Source: Taylor, S.L. Sci-Food-Agric. Ames, Iowa : Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. January 1988. volume 6 (1) page 8-11. ill. 0738-9310
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Resolving arthritis, allergies, & immune compromising disorders with the JMT technique. Source: Mellor, J M Beginnings. 2003 Jan-February; 23(1): 10-1 1071-2984
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Retailers reap rewards with food allergy options. Source: O'Donnell, D. Inf-Text-Ser-Coll-Trop-Agric-Hum-Resour-Univ-Hawaii-CoopExt-Servolume Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service. April 1991. (039) page 35-36. 0271-9908
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Role of body piercing in the induction of metal allergies. Author(s): Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA. Source: Ehrlich, A Kucenic, M Belsito, D V Am-J-Contact-Dermat. 2001 September; 12(3): 151-5 1046-199X
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Soy protein allergy. Source: Eastham, E.J. Carnat-Nutr-Educ-Ser. New York : Raven Press. 1989. volume 1 page 223-236. 1049-4901
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Sublingual immunotherapy and influence on urinary leukotrienes in seasonal pediatric allergy. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. Source: Yuksel, H Tanac, R GousseiNovember, A Demir, E J-Investig-Allergol-ClinImmunol. 1999 Sep-October; 9(5): 305-13 1018-9068
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The development and certification of substitute foods that eliminate allergenic foods with passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction. Source: Tateno, K. Inf-Text-Ser-Coll-Trop-Agric-Hum-Resour-Univ-Hawaii-Coop-ExtServolume Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service. April 1991. (039) page 20-23. 0271-9908
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The development of elimination diets for patients with food allergies. Source: Kishi, K. Inf-Text-Ser-Coll-Trop-Agric-Hum-Resour-Univ-Hawaii-Coop-ExtServolume Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service. April 1991. (039) page 23-24. 0271-9908
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The role of natural color additives in food allergy. Source: Lucas, C.D. Hallagan, J.B. Taylor, S.L. Adv-food-nutr-res. San Diego : Academic Press, c1989-. 2001. volume 43 page 195-216. 1043-4526
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) allergens in pollen-allergic patients. Source: Foetisch, K. Son, D.Y. Altmann, F. Aulepp, H. Conti, A. Haustein, D. Vieths, S. Eur-food-res-technol. Berlin : Springer, c1999-. October 2001. volume 213 (4/5) page 259266. 1438-2377
Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: ·
healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0
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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov
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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov
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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/
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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/
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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/
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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/
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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: ·
AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/
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WebMDÒHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html
The following is a specific Web list relating to allergies; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): ·
Vitamins Ascorbic Acid Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Pantothenic Acid Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Pantothenic acid Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,882,00.html Vitamin A Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Vitamin B12 Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Vitamin B6 Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Vitamin C Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Vitamin C Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,904,00.html Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com
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Vitamin K Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com ·
Minerals Azelastine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Betaine Hydrochloride Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Betaine Hydrochloride Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Bromelain/quercetin Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,941,00.html Calcium: Which Form is Best? Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Clemastine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Copper Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Cromolyn Sodium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Quercetin Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Quercetin Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Quercetin Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Quercetin Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10053,00.html Sulfur Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Zinc Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Zinc Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Zinc Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10071,00.html ·
Food and Diet Apricots Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,45,00.html Artichoke Alternative names: Cynara scolymus Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Beef Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Buckwheat Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,71,00.html Burdock Alternative names: Arctium lappa Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Chocolate Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cinnamon Alternative names: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Clams Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Coffee Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Corn-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Crackers Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Dairy Substitutes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dairy-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Diabetes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Egg-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Eggs Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Fasting Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Flour Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Flour, nonwheat Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,303,00.html Garlic Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Gluten-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Grapefruit Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com High-Fiber Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Hypertension Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Hypoglycemia Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Juices Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Kamut Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Kiwi Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Kumquat Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Lamb and Mutton Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Lemons Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Limes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Low-Allergen Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Low-Salt Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Milk Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Millet Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,72,00.html Mushrooms Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10046,00.html Mussels Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Oranges Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Oysters Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Pasta Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Rabbit Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Rice Bread Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Rice Cakes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Scallops Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Seitan Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Soy Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Soy products Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_view/0,1523,135,00.html Soy-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Special Diets Index Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Spelt Bread Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Tangerines Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Textured Vegetable Protein Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Tomatoes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Turkey Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ugli Tangelo Fruit Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Weight Loss and Obesity Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Weight Management Index Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Wheat Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Wheat-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Whey Protein Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ALLERGIES Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to allergies. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.
The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) is a bibliographic database produced by health-related agencies of the U.S. federal government (mostly from the National Institutes of Health) that can offer concise information for a targeted search. The CHID database is updated four times a year at the end of January, April, July, and October. Check the titles, summaries, and availability of CAM-related information by using the “Simple Search” option at the following Web site: http://chid.nih.gov/simple/simple.html. In the drop box at the top, select “Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” Then type “allergies” (or synonyms) in the second search box. We recommend that you select 100 “documents per page” and to check the “whole records” options. The following was extracted using this technique: ·
Soybeans: Good for Your Heart. Patient Education Source: Advance for Nurse Practitioners. 10(5): 85. May 2002. Summary: This article provides information on the health benefits of soybeans and foods made from soybeans. The possible benefits that soy proteins may have on certain diseases, such as coronary heart disease, menopause, osteoporosis, cancer, allergies, diabetes, and kidney disease, are briefly noted. The article also describes the soy products currently available, including edamame, miso, tofu, soy nuts, tempeh, soy milk, soy sauce, and natto. It lists two Web sites for additional information on soybeans.
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Ginkgo: A Practical Guide Source: Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing Group. 1998. 172 p.
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Contact: Avery Publishing Group. 120 Old Broadway, Garden City Park, NY 11040. (800) 548-5757; INTERNATIONAL: (516) 741-2155; FAX: (516) 742-1892. PRICE: $9.95. ISBN: 0895298120. Summary: This book is designed to help consumers use 'Ginkgo biloba' safely and effectively to promote health, prevent illness, and treat disease. Chapter 1 reviews the history of Ginkgo in herbal medicine; and Chapter 2 examines the attitudes toward herbal medicines in Chinese, Indian, and Western cultures. Chapter 3 discusses the science of Ginkgo, including its key active components and its actions in the body. Chapters 4 through 7 focus on specific applications of Ginkgo and its effects in disorders of the brain, the heart and circulatory system, the senses, and sexuality. Chapter 8 discusses the use of Ginkgo in other conditions such as radiation exposure, sun damage, allergies, asthma, and hepatitis; and offers advice to consumers about the reasons for taking Ginkgo, methods of taking it, and how much to take. Chapter 9 summarizes the health benefits of using Ginkgo. The book includes a glossary and an index.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to allergies and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “allergies” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to allergies: ·
A newly developed extract (Ze 339) from butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.) is clinically efficient in allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Author(s): Brattstrom A. Source: Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. 2003; 10 Suppl 4: 50-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12807342&dopt=Abstract
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Allergic contact dermatitis in children: a practical approach to management. Author(s): Bruckner AL, Weston WL. Source: Skin Therapy Letter. 2002 October; 7(8): 3-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12548328&dopt=Abstract
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Altered zinc homeostasis and caspase-3 activity in murine allergic airway inflammation. Author(s): Truong-Tran AQ, Ruffin RE, Foster PS, Koskinen AM, Coyle P, Philcox JC, Rofe AM, Zalewski PD. Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 2002 September; 27(3): 286-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12204890&dopt=Abstract
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Alternative medicine in allergies - prevalence, patterns of use, and costs. Author(s): Schafer T, Riehle A, Wichmann HE, Ring J. Source: Allergy. 2002 August; 57(8): 694-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12121187&dopt=Abstract
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Anti-allergic effect of Perilla frutescens and its active constituents. Author(s): Makino T, Furuta Y, Wakushima H, Fujii H, Saito K, Kano Y. Source: Phytotherapy Research : Ptr. 2003 March; 17(3): 240-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12672153&dopt=Abstract
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Anti-allergic effects of Sanguisorba officinalis on animal models of allergic reactions. Author(s): Shin TY, Lee KB, Kim SH. Source: Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2002 August; 24(3): 455-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12375740&dopt=Abstract
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Anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of Petasites hybridus in allergic rhinitis. Author(s): Thomet OA, Schapowal A, Heinisch IV, Wiesmann UN, Simon HU. Source: International Immunopharmacology. 2002 June; 2(7): 997-1006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12188041&dopt=Abstract
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CD28 costimulation is critical for experimental allergic asthma in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. Author(s): Chapoval SP, David CS. Source: Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.). 2003 February; 106(2): 83-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12672399&dopt=Abstract
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Do only European cattle protect from allergies? Author(s): Braun-Fahrlander C. Source: Allergy. 2002 December; 57(12): 1094-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12464036&dopt=Abstract
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Early origins of allergic disease: a review of processes and influences during early immune development. Author(s): Prescott SL. Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2003 April; 3(2): 125-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12750609&dopt=Abstract
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Environmental control of allergic diseases. Author(s): German JA, Harper MB.
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Source: American Family Physician. 2002 August 1; 66(3): 421-6. Review. Summary for Patients In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12182518&dopt=Abstract ·
Exposure to pets and allergies in children. Author(s): Holscher B, Frye C, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2002 October; 13(5): 334-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12431192&dopt=Abstract
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Food allergies in children affect nutrient intake and growth. Author(s): Christie L, Hine RJ, Parker JG, Burks W. Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2002 November; 102(11): 1648-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12449289&dopt=Abstract
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Functional symptoms confused with allergic disorders in children and adolescents. Author(s): Niggemann B. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2002 October; 13(5): 312-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12431189&dopt=Abstract
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Gas chromatography: an investigative tool in multiple allergies to essential oils. Author(s): Dharmagunawardena B, Takwale A, Sanders KJ, Cannan S, Rodger A, Ilchyshyn A. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 2002 November; 47(5): 288-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12534533&dopt=Abstract
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House dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization in children. Author(s): Gehring U, Bischof W, Fahlbusch B, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002 October 1; 166(7): 939-44. Erratum In: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 January 1; 167(1): 91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12359650&dopt=Abstract
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Inhalant allergies in Zimbabwe: a common problem. Author(s): Sibanda EN. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2003 January; 130(1): 2-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12576728&dopt=Abstract
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Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated acute and chronic allergic reactions by Dodutang. Author(s): Shin HY, Yun YB, Kim JY, Moon G, Shin TY, Kim HS, Kim HM.
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Source: Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2002 November; 24(4): 583-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12510792&dopt=Abstract ·
Inventing probiotic functional foods for patients with allergic disease. Author(s): Laiho K, Ouwehand A, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 December; 89(6 Suppl 1): 75-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12487210&dopt=Abstract
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Management of food allergies. Author(s): Fogg MI, Spergel JM. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2003 July; 4(7): 1025-37. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12831331&dopt=Abstract
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Methylsulfonylmethane as a treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: additional data on pollen counts and symptom questionnaire. Author(s): Barrager E, Schauss AG. Source: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2003 February; 9(1): 15-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12676029&dopt=Abstract
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Methylsulfonylmethane as a treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: more data needed on pollen counts and questionnaire. Author(s): Gaby AR. Source: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2002 June; 8(3): 229. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12165181&dopt=Abstract
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Novel probiotics for the management of allergic inflammation. Author(s): von der Weid T, Ibnou-Zekri N, Pfeifer A. Source: Dig Liver Dis. 2002 September; 34 Suppl 2: S25-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12408435&dopt=Abstract
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Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from PEG-4 rapeseed amide in a massage oil. Author(s): Isaksson M. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 2002 September; 47(3): 175-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12492561&dopt=Abstract
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Oral administration of probiotic Escherichia coli after birth reduces frequency of allergies and repeated infections later in life (after 10 and 20 years). Author(s): Lodinova-Zadnikova R, Cukrowska B, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H.
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Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2003 July; 131(3): 209-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12876412&dopt=Abstract ·
Paired for life? Controlling allergic rhinitis can improve pediatric asthma. Author(s): Wagner CW. Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 2001 April; 9(4): 72, 77-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12420440&dopt=Abstract
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Patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical Chinese herbal medicine. Author(s): Li LF, Wang J. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 2002 September; 47(3): 166-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12492552&dopt=Abstract
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Peristomal allergic contact dermatitis caused by Stomahesive paste: An additional case. Author(s): Gallo R, Ciambellotti A, Cozzani E, Parodi A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002 October; 47(4): 633. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12271318&dopt=Abstract
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Pet allergen control measures for allergic asthma in children and adults. Author(s): Kilburn S, Lasserson TJ, McKean M. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (1): Cd002989. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12535446&dopt=Abstract
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Petasins in the treatment of allergic diseases: results of preclinical and clinical studies. Author(s): Thomet OA, Simon HU. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2002 October; 129(2): 108-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12403927&dopt=Abstract
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Pharmacological characteristics of Ryokan-kyomi-shinge-nin-to, an antiallergic Kampo medicine. Author(s): Sakaguchi M, Ikeda Y, Kido T, Yuzurihara M, Kase Y, Yamamoto M, Ishige A, Sasaki H. Source: Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2002 December; 25(12): 1562-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12499640&dopt=Abstract
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Possible involvement of suppression of Th2 differentiation in the anti-allergic effect of Sho-seiryu-to in mice. Author(s): Ikeda Y, Kaneko A, Yamamoto M, Ishige A, Sasaki H.
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Source: Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 2002 December; 90(4): 328-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12501009&dopt=Abstract ·
Pro and anti: the biotics of allergic disease. Author(s): Crane J. Source: Thorax. 2002 October; 57 Suppl 2: Ii40-Ii46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12364710&dopt=Abstract
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Probiotics and food-allergic diseases. Author(s): Paganelli R, Ciuffreda S, Verna N, Cavallucci E, Paolini F, Ramondo S, Di Gioacchino M. Source: Allergy. 2002; 57 Suppl 72: 97-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12144565&dopt=Abstract
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Reactivity to potential cross-reactive foods in fruit-allergic patients: implications for prescribing food avoidance. Author(s): Crespo JF, Rodriguez J, James JM, Daroca P, Reano M, Vives R. Source: Allergy. 2002 October; 57(10): 946-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12269944&dopt=Abstract
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Resolving arthritis, allergies, & immune compromising disorders with the JMT technique. Author(s): Mellor JM. Source: Beginnings. 2003 January-February; 23(1): 10-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12592973&dopt=Abstract
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Respiratory and allergic diseases: from upper respiratory tract infections to asthma. Author(s): Jaber R. Source: Primary Care. 2002 June; 29(2): 231-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12391710&dopt=Abstract
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Suppression of allergic reactions by dehulled adlay in association with the balance of TH1/TH2 cell responses. Author(s): Hsu HY, Lin BF, Lin JY, Kuo CC, Chiang W. Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2003 June 18; 51(13): 3763-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12797741&dopt=Abstract
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The GP's role in allergic rhinitis. Author(s): Gray RD, Lipworth BJ. Source: Practitioner. 2003 May; 247(1646): 418-23. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12760131&dopt=Abstract
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The stimulatory effects of nasal discharge from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis on normal human neutrophils are normalized after treatment with a new mixed formula of Chinese herbs. Author(s): Yang SH, Hong CY, Yu CL. Source: International Immunopharmacology. 2002 November; 2(12): 1627-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12469937&dopt=Abstract
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: ·
Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/
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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats
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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/
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drkoop.comÒ: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/
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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/
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WebMDÒHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/
The following is a specific Web list relating to allergies; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): ·
General Overview Allergic Reaction, Anaphylaxis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Allergic Reaction, Angioedema Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Allergic Rhinitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com
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Allergic Rhinitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Allergies Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Allergies Alternative names: Hay Fever Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Allergies and Sensitivities Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Allergy, Food Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Anaphylaxis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Asthma Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Asthma Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Asthma Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Bronchitis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cutaneous Drug Reactions Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Dermatitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Food Allergy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Food Allergy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Food Poisoning Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hay Fever Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Hay Fever Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hives Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Immune Function Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Insect Bites and Stings Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lactose Intolerance Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com MSG Sensitivity Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Photodermatitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sinus Congestion Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Sinus Infection Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sinusitis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Sinusitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com ·
Alternative Therapy Acupressure Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,662,00.html Acupuncture Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Acupuncture Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,663,00.html
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Allergic Rhinitis Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/a.html Apitherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,669,00.html Aromatherapy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Aromatherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,664,00.html Ayurveda Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,672,00.html Bach flower remedies Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,673,00.html Colon therapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,682,00.html Detoxification therapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10119,00.html Fasting Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,694,00.html Feldenkrais Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,695,00.html Guided Imagery Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Holistic Referrals Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Homeopathy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,703,00.html Hypnotherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,706,00.html Ionized Air (Negative Ions) Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Macrobiotics Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,714,00.html Magnet therapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,715,00.html Nutrition Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Osteopathy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Qigong Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,729,00.html Reflexology Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,730,00.html Traditional Chinese Medicine Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Urine therapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,744,00.html
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Yoga Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com ·
Chinese Medicine Dahuang Zhechong Wan Alternative names: Dahuang Zhechong Pills Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Hongyao Tiegao Alternative names: Hongyao Plaster Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China
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Homeopathy Arsenicum album Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Calcarea carbonica Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Calcarea phosphorica Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Carbo vegetabilis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Gelsemium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Hepar sulphuris calcareum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ignatia Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Lycopodium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Natrum carbonicum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Nux moschata Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Nux vomica Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Petroleum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Phosphorus Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Silicea (Silica) Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Sulphuricum acidum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com ·
Herbs and Supplements 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan) Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Acetaminophen Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Achillea Alternative names: Yarrow; Achillea millefolium L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Achillea millefolium Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Acidophilus and Other Probiotics Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Adrenal Extract Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Aesculus Alternative names: Horse Chestnut; Aesculus hippocastanum L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Agrimony Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,833,00.html ALA Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Albuterol Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Alfalfa Alternative names: Medicago sativa Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Aloe Alternative names: Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Aloe Alternative names: Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis, Aloe ferox , Aloe Vera Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Aloe Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Aloe Vera Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Aloe vera Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10001,00.html Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Alpha-lipoic acid Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10002,00.html Amino Acid K Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ananas comosus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Arctium Alternative names: Burdock, Gobo; Arctium lappa L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Arnica Alternative names: Arnica montana L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Arnica Alternative names: Arnica montana Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com
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Arnica Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,753,00.html Arnica montana Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Astragalus Alternative names: Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Huang-qi, Milk-Vetch Root Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Astragalus Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Astragalus membranaceus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Astragalus mongholicus Alternative names: Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Huang-qi, Milk-Vetch Root Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Australian Fevertree Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Baking soda Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,835,00.html Bee products Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,756,00.html Beta-Carotene Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Betula Alternative names: Birch; Betula sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Blessed Thistle Alternative names: Cnicus benedictus Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Blue-Green Algae Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Boswellia Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Brahmi Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Brewer's Yeast Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Bromelain Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Bromelain Alternative names: Ananas comosus, Bromelainum Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Bromelain Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Bromelain Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,760,00.html Bromelainum Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Brompheniramine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Bryonia Bryony Alternative names: Bryony; Bryonia sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Calendula Alternative names: Calendula officinalis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Calendula Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Calendula Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10011,00.html
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Capsaicin Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Capsicum frutescens Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Carob Alternative names: Ceratonia siliqua Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cat's Claw Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Cayenne Alternative names: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cayenne Alternative names: Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum spp., Capsaicin, Chili Pepper, Red Pepper Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Celery extract Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10014,00.html Centella Alternative names: Gotu Kola; Centella asiatica (Linn.) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Centella Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Centella asiatica Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Cetirizine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Chamaemelum nobile Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chamomile Alternative names: Matricaria recutita Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Chamomile Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Chamomile Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,766,00.html Chamomile, German Alternative names: Matricaria recutita Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chamomile, Roman Alternative names: Chamaemelum nobile Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chaparral Alternative names: Larrea tridentata Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cherry fruit extract Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10015,00.html Chili Pepper Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chinese Scullcap Alternative names: Scutellaria baicalensis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Chitosan Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10016,00.html Chlorpheniramine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Cinnamomum Alternative names: Cinnamon; Cinnamomum zeylanicum Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Coenzyme Q Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,768,00.html
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Coleus Alternative names: Coleus forskohlii Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Coleus forskohlii Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Conjugated Linoleic Acid Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Corticosteroids Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Curcuma Alternative names: Turmeric; Curcuma longa L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Curcuma longa Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Cynara artichoke Alternative names: Artichoke; Cynara scolymus L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Cyproheptadine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dandelion Alternative names: Taraxacum officinale Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dandelion Alternative names: Taraxacum officinale Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Dandelion Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com DayQuil Allergy Relief Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dextromethorphan Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Digestive Enzymes Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Digestive enzymes Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10051,00.html Diphenhydramine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Dong Quai Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Doxylamine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Echinacea Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Echinacea Alternative names: Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Echinacea Alternative names: Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea, Purple Coneflower Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Echinacea Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Echinacea Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,775,00.html Echinacea angustifolia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Echinacea pallida Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Echinacea purpurea Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Elderberry Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Elecampane Alternative names: Inula helenium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Elecampane Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Eleuthero Alternative names: Siberian Ginseng, Eleuthero; Acanthopanax/Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. & Maxim. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ English Lavendar Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ephedra Alternative names: Ephedra sinensis, Ma huang Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ephedra (Ma huang) Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,777,00.html Ephedra sinensis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Epinephrine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Eucalyptus Alternative names: Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus fructicetorum, polybractea, smithii, Australian Fevertree Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Eucalyptus Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,778,00.html Eucalyptus globulus Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Eugenia Clove Alternative names: Cloves; Eugenia sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ EYEBRIGHT Source: The Canadian Internet Directory for Holistic Help, WellNet, Health and Wellness Network; www.wellnet.ca
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Fennel Alternative names: Foeniculum vulgare Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Fexofenadine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Fiber Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Flavonoids Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Flavonoids Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,782,00.html Foeniculum Alternative names: Fennel; Foeniculum vulgare Mill Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ French Lavendar Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and Other Oligosaccharides Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com German Chamomile Alternative names: Matricaria recutita Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ginger Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,787,00.html Ginkgo Alternative names: Ginkgo biloba Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Ginkgo Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Ginkgo Biloba Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com
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Ginkgo biloba Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,788,00.html Ginseng Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com GLA (Gamma-Linolenic Acid) Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Glucosamine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Glucosamine Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Glutamine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Glycyrrhiza1 Alternative names: Licorice; Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Goldenrod Alternative names: Solidago virgaurea Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Goldenrod Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Gotu Kola Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Gotu Kola Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Grape seed extract Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,793,00.html Green-Lipped Mussel Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Guaifenesin Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Hawthorn Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com He Shou Wu Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Herbal decongestant Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,949,00.html Histidine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Histidine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Hops Alternative names: Humulus lupulus Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Hops Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Horse Chestnut Alternative names: Aesculus hippocastanum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Horse chestnut Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10037,00.html Huang-qi Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Humulus Alternative names: Hops; Humulus lupulus L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Hydrocodone Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Hydrocotyle Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hydroxyzine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Illicium Alternative names: Star Anise; Illicium verum (Hook, F.) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Indian Pennywort Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Indomethacin Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Inhaled Corticosteroids Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ipratropium Bromide Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ivy Leaf Alternative names: Hedera helix Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Ivy leaf Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10112,00.html Juniperus Alternative names: Juniper; Juniperus sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Kava Alternative names: Piper methysticum Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Kava Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Kava Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,798,00.html Ketorolac Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Kochia Alternative names: Summer Cypress, Fireweed; Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/
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Kudzu Alternative names: Pueraria lobata Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Kudzu Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,858,00.html Lactase Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Lavandula Alternative names: Lavender; Lavandula sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Lavandula angustifolia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lavender Alternative names: Lavandula angustifolia, English Lavendar, French Lavendar Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lavender Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,799,00.html Lipase Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com L-Lysine Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Loratadine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Luffa Alternative names: Luffa sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Lysine Alternative names: Amino Acid K, L-Lysine Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ma huang Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com
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MA HUANG Source: The Canadian Internet Directory for Holistic Help, WellNet, Health and Wellness Network; www.wellnet.ca Maidenhair Tree Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Marsh Pennywort Alternative names: Centella asiatica , Centella, March Pennywort, Indian Pennywort, Hydrocotyle, Brahmi (Sanskrit), Luei Gong Gen (Chinese)(Note: Gotu kola should not be confused with kola nut.) Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Marshmallow Alternative names: Althea officinalis Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Matricaria Alternative names: Chamomile; Matricaria chamomilla Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Matricaria recutita Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Melaleuca Alternative names: Tea Tree Oil; Melaleuca alternifolia Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Melatonin Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,804,00.html Melissa Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Melissa Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10043,00.html Milk Thistle Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Milk thistle Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10044,00.html
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Milk-Vetch Root Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Mistletoe Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10109,00.html MSM Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,807,00.html Musa Banana Alternative names: Plantain, Banana; Musa sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ NADH Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Naringin Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10089,00.html Nettle Alternative names: Urtica dioica Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Nettle Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Nettle Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10048,00.html Olopatadine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins) Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Oral Corticosteroids Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Origanum Alternative names: Oregano; Origanum vulgare Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/
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PABA Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10049,00.html Peppermint Alternative names: Mentha piperita Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Peppermint Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Peppermint Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,812,00.html Phenylpropanolamine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Picrorhiza Alternative names: Picrorhiza kurroa Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Pimpinella Alternative names: Anise; Pimpinella anisum (L) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Plantago major Alternative names: Plantain; Plantago major/lanceolata Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Plantago psyllium Alternative names: Psyllium, Ispaghula; Plantago psyllium/ovata Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Pollen Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Probiotics Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Promethazine Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Proteolytic Enzymes Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com
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Psyllium Alternative names: Plantago ovata, Plantago ispaghula Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Psyllium Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,814,00.html Purple Coneflower Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Red Pepper Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Roman Chamomile Alternative names: Chamaemelum nobile Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Rosemary Alternative names: Rosmarinus officinalis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Rosmarinus Alternative names: Rosemary; Rosmarinus officinalis L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Rosmarinus officinalis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Royal Jelly Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Slippery Elm Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Slippery elm Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10056,00.html Solidago virgaurea Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Soy isoflavones Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10057,00.html St. John's Wort
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Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com St. John's wort Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC. www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,824,00.html Suma Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Syzygium Clove Alternative names: Clove, Jamun; Syzygium sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Tanacetum Alternative names: Feverfew; Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Tanacetum v Alternative names: Tansy; Tanacetum vulgare (L.) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Taraxacum Alternative names: Dandelion; Taraxacum officinale (Dhudhal) Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Taraxacum officinale Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Tea Tree Alternative names: Melaleuca alternifolia Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Thuja plicata Alternative names: Western Red Cedar Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Thymus Alternative names: Thyme; Thymus vulgaris Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Thymus Extracts Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Topical Corticosteroids Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Trigonella Alternative names: Fenugreek; Trigonella foenum graecum L. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Turmeric Alternative names: Curcuma longa Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Tylenol Allergy Sinus Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Tylophora Alternative names: Tylophora indica, Tylophora asthmatica Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Uva ursi Alternative names: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com White Willow Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Willow Bark Alternative names: There are several species of willow includingSalix alba, Salix nigra, Salix fragilis, Salix purpurea, Salix babylonica, White Willow, European Willow, Black Willow, Pussy Willow, Crack Willow, Purple Willow, Weeping Willow, Liu-zhi Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Yarrow Alternative names: Achillea millefolium Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Yarrow Alternative names: Achillea millefolium, Milfoil Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Yarrow Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Yerba Santa Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Zafirlukast Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com
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Zingiber Alternative names: Ginger; Zingiber officinale Roscoe Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/ Zizyphus Alternative names: Jujube; Ziziphus sp. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc. www.amfoundation.org Hyperlink: http://www.herbmed.org/
General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.
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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ALLERGIES Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to allergies. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “allergies” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on allergies, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.
Dissertations on Allergies ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to allergies. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: ·
A Descriptive Study of the Subjective Experience of Psychological Symptoms and Food Allergies by Bartek, Robert Paul, Phd from University of Pittsburgh, 1988, 307 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8815210
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Cerebral Allergies an Understanding of the Phenomenon and Its Psychological Implications by Devita, Sabina M; Edd from University of Toronto (canada), 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL31487
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Cerebral Allergies: an Understanding of the Phenomenon and Its Psychological Implications by Devita, Sabina Mary, Edd from University of Toronto (canada), 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f970469
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Immunomodulatory Roles of Endotoxin and Glutaraldehyde in the Development of Latex Allergy by Howell, Michael D. Phd from West Virginia University, 2002, 194 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3076371
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·
Mathematics Achievement and Inhalant Allergy (allergy) by Burchfield, Patricia Crosby, Edd from Auburn University, 1989, 157 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9109033
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Risky Women: the Everyday Life of an Allergic Woman by Pitcher, Sarah Marie; Phd from Syracuse University, 2002, 195 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3046848
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The Development and Evaluation of a Seminar for Teachers on the Awareness and Management of Allergic Conditions of Their Students in the Classroom (hypersensitivity, Inservice, Health) by Munson, Elwin Charles, Edd from Andrews University, 1984, 149 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8420133
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The Relationship between Achievement for Students and Allergy Inducing Foods by Myrick, John Andrew, Edd from The University of Southern Mississippi, 1983, 118 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8321494
Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.
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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ALLERGIES Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning allergies.
Recent Trials on Allergies The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to allergies.8 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. ·
Blood Factors in Mastocytosis and Unexplained Anaphylaxis and Flushing Condition(s): Mastocytosis; Anaphylaxis Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will 1) identify characteristics of bone marrow mast cells in patients with unexplained anaphylaxis and flushing or with mastocytosis and 2) determine whether mastocytosis might be the underlying cause of unexplained anaphylaxis in some patients with this condition. anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction in which patients may have flushing, hives, stuffy nose, red itchy eyes, difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, throat, palms and soles, abdominal cramping, lightheadedness, decreased blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Although allergens are a common cause of anaphylactic episodes, no cause can be identified in up to 50 percent of patients who have recurrent events. Mastocytosis is a disease of excessive mast cells in tissues such as skin and bone marrow. These cells can release chemicals that result in itching, blisters, flushing, bone pain, and abdominal pain. Patients 18 years of age and older who have episodes of anaphylaxis or flushing with no apparent cause or who have mastocytosis may be eligible for this study. Participants will have a medical history and physical examination; blood tests to identify genetic changes that are important in the growth, development, and functioning of human mast cells; and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. For the bone marrow procedure, the skin over the hipbone and the outer surface of the bone itself are
8
These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
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numbed with local anesthesia. Then, a special needle is inserted into the hipbone and about 1 tablespoon of bone marrow is drawn into a syringe. Another needle is inserted into the same area to collect a small piece of the bone marrow. Additional procedures may include allergen testing, urinalysis, and 24-hour urine collection. Participants will return to NIH for reassessment of disease status in 12 to 18 months. The follow-up evaluation will include a history and physical examination, blood tests, possible repeat bone marrow and aspiration in patients whose clinical signs or symptoms change significantly, and other tests as clinically indicated. First-degree relatives (parents, children, siblings) may be enrolled in limited instances to provide a blood sample for genetic analysis related to mast cell development and function for comparison with that of patients when they have similar symptoms. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00047918 ·
Classical conditioning to treat allergic airway diseases Condition(s): Allergic airway disease Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Purpose - Excerpt: Most clinicians who care for patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma are aware of the negative effects of certain sights, sounds and smells that can precipitate clinical exacerbations in certain susceptible patients. This is thought to be due to subconscious associations between these observable stimuli paired and actual exposure to allergens that induce clinical symptoms. The severity and duration of these symptoms are typically related to levels of anxiety and/or depression in affected patients. Classical conditioning of the immune response has been described in many animal and some human studies in association with administration of immunosuppressive drugs. In successfully conditioned individuals, subsequent exposure to the conditioning stimulus alone produces immunosuppressive changes similar to those caused by the drugs themselves. Since disease exacerbating conditioning appears to be prevalent in allergic patients, these conditions make an excellent human model for understanding the relationships between classical conditioning, psychological stress (particularly anxiety and depression) and immune regulation. Thus this proposal will seek to examine the hypothesis that antiinflammatory effects of pharmacotherapeutic agents can be classically conditioned and are clinically effective due to changes in immunoregulatory imbalances known to occur in patients with allergic airway diseases. The effectiveness of this therapeutic approach will be significantly affected by levels of psychological stress and individual suggestibility. This will be investigated with the following Specific Aims: (1). Determine the relative effectiveness of classical conditioning by a novel gustatory stimulus paired with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroid on in vivo and in vitro immune responses (allergen - specific vs. general) of patients before, during and after classical conditioning correlated with level of clinical response; (2) Determine the role of neuroendocrine mechanisms (particularly catecholamines) on the inducibility and duration of the conditioned immune responses; and (3) Investigate the influence of psychological stress levels (including anxiety and depression) and/or suggestibility on baseline immune changes, success and duration of the classical conditioning. These data will help define parameters for classical conditioning in humans, establish a model to
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investigate mechanisms and serve as the basis for development of future interventional protocols for severe inflammatory diseases involving classical conditioning. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00032526 ·
Nasal Irritation Study Condition(s): Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: This study seeks to document differences in nasal irritant sensitivity within the population. We are interested in knowing whether age, gender, and allergy status (nasal allergies) predict nasal irritant sensitivity. This is important in understanding symptom reporting patterns in air pollution situations (particularly in so-called "problem buildings"), as well as in understanding reflex mechanism of response of the nose to irritants (e.g., nasal congestion). Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00041821
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Ozone and Rhinovirus-Induced Disease in Asthmatics Condition(s): Asthma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: In the U.S., morbidity associated with human rhinovirus (RV) infection represents a major health problem. In asthmatics, up to 80% of asthma exacerbations are associated with upper respiratory infections. Despite evidence that environmental oxidant pollutants, such as ozone, may increase the severity of viral disease, the mechanisms underlying such an effect have not been identified. This study will test the hypothesis that exposure of allergic asthmatic subjects to ambient levels of ozone directly enhances viral disease by increasing infectivity and intensifying virusinduced inflammation. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00013715
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Pollutant altered allergic responses Condition(s): Allergic Rhinitis; Allergy Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: This study is designed to investigate whether exposure to particulate air pollution increases the allergic response to allergens. Research studies suggest that symptoms in individuals with allergies may be aggravated by exposure to particulate
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air pollution. We sought to experimental determine this by exposing human volunteers to combustion particles, a component of air pollution, and then challenge them with an allergen such as ragweed or oak tree pollen. Using biological tests we can measure whether the allergen response is magnified by prior particulate exposure. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00011440 ·
Reducing Indoor Allergen Exposures in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx Condition(s): Asthma; Allergy Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: Controlled trial of an intervention to reduce indoor exposures to cockroach allergens among asthmatic children in NYC. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00023127
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Role of T-Cells in Asthma Condition(s): Asthma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will examine the movement of T cells (a type of white blood cell) from the blood to the lungs in patients with asthma after exposure to an allergen, such as cat dander or pollen. Asthma is in large part due to inflammation of the bronchi (the breathing tubes of the lungs), causing heat, swelling and redness. T cells play a major role in the inflammatory reaction. A better understanding of T cell migration to the lungs after allergen exposure may lead to improved therapies for asthma. Patients between 18 and 50 years of age with mild allergic asthma may be eligible for this study. In addition, patients and healthy normal volunteers between 18 and 65 years of age may participate in a sub-study (blood draw) of this protocol. Participants will undergo the following procedures: Visit 1 (screening visit) - Blood tests for blood counts and HIV - Urine pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential. Visit 2 - Physical examination and electrocardiogram (EKG) - Prick skin testing - A drop of allergen extract is put on the skin and the underlying skin is scratched with a needle. A positive test resembles an insect bite and may itch. - Intradermal skin tests Increasing concentrations of a drop of diluted allergen are injected into the skin and the allergic response is monitored until a 5-mm swelling (1/4 inch) swelling develops. Methacholine challenge - The subject has repeated pulmonary function (breathing) tests after breathing methacholine, a drug that temporarily (for 5 to 10 minutes) worsens asthma symptoms. - Physician evaluation and repeat pulmonary function test Visit 3 Allergen bronchoprovocaton - This test will be done in patients whose physical evaluation and breathing test permit them to continue with the study. A heparin lock (needle device that stays in a vein to allow multiple blood draws without repeated sticks) is placed. The subject breathes 5 breaths of allergen through a nebulizer (device that creates a mist), followed by a breathing test. This procedure will be repeated with
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increasingly higher allergen doses until lung function significantly declines or for a maximum of 6 doses. Subjects are monitored for 8 hours after the last dose. Blood samples of 50 ml each (3.5 tablespoons) are collected at 1, 3, 5 and 8 hours, and a physician evaluation is done at the end of the 8 hours. Additional 50-mm blood samples are collected the following two mornings. Visit 4 - Physician evaluation, blood test for anemia and pulmonary function test - Serial blood draws - 50 ml of blood will be drawn, followed by salt-water nebulization and another 50-ml blood draw after 1 hour. Additional 50-ml blood samples will be drawn 7 hours later and then on the next two mornings. Participants in the sub-study portion of this protocol will undergo the screening blood test, prick skin testing, breathing test after methacholine inhalation and a 100 ml-blood draw. These tests will be done in three sessions. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001408 ·
Modification of Allergic Immunologic Response by Leukotriene Antagonists Ancillary to ACRN IMPACT Condition(s): Asthma; Lung Diseases Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: To examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid and leukotriene receptor antagonists, focusing on their effects on T lymphocytes during both chronic (18 months) and acute therapy. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00021931
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Nutrition in Pregnancy, Birth Weight, and Childhood Asthma Condition(s): Lung Diseases; Asthma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: To evaluate the role of maternal diet and birth weight in the etiology of childhood asthma and other allergic disorders. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006404
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Recombinant Human IL-4 Receptor Used in Treatment of Asthma Condition(s): Asthma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Immunex Corporation Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose is to measure the effectiveness of recombinant human interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) in treating asthma. Asthma can be caused by the allergic
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response from breathing in certain irritants. IL-4, which is naturally produced by the body, plays a major role in this allergic response. Doctors feel that IL-4 activity may be stopped by giving IL-4R, a product that binds to IL-4, and thereby decrease the problems of asthma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00017693 ·
Study of TNFR:Fc (Enbrel) in the Treatment of Asthma Condition(s): Asthma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: The proposed study is a phase II clinical trial of TNFR:Fc therapy in a segmental allergen bronchoprovocation model of atopic asthma. The goal of this study is to assess whether inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity can attenuate airway inflammation in mild-to-moderate allergic asthmatics. This protocol will utilize a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial design. TNF bioactivity will be inhibited via systemic administration (e.g., subcutaneous injection) of a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular ligand binding domain of the 75-kilodalton TNF receptor linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (TNFR:Fc, Immunex). The data generated by this study will address the utility of anti-TNF therapy for patients with asthma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001893
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Assessment of Lung Inflammation in Patients with Atopic Asthma Using Positron Emission Tomography Condition(s): Asthma; Hypersensitivity; Lung Diseases; Wegener's Granulomatosis Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease. We propose to study inflammatory changes in the lungs of subjects with atopic asthma of different severity in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). It has been shown that the uptake of FDG as detected by PET scanning correlates with inflammation in animal models as well as in human disease processes such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and abscess formation. In addition, it has been shown that the inflammation associated with allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma can be visualized using PET scanning with FDG. We hypothesize that the degree of FDGuptake as a measure of inflammation correlates with the severity of asthma as determined by pulmonary function tests and clinical signs and symptoms. In addition, information about the spatial distribution of the inflammatory changes will be obtained. To compare the characteristics of the inflammation in asthma with non-asthmatic
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inflammation of the lung, the images obtained in asthmatic subjects will be compared with images from subjects who have inflammatory changes of the lung caused by Wegener's granulomatosis. Subjects with atopic asthma and non-atopic control subjects will be selected from the community and, if eligible for the study, undergo skin testing against common allergens and pulmonary function testing. Subjects with Wegener's granulomatosis will be selected from a large group of subjects followed with this disease at NIAID. PET scanning with FDG will be used to measure inflammation in the PET scanning facility at the Clinical Center of the NIH and the results of the scanning will be correlated with the severity of the disease. We expect that for the first time this methodology will permit an objective measure of the basic pathogenic process, the allergic inflammation, in patients with atopic asthma. Using this methodology it will be possible to study the efficacy of currently available therapies for allergic inflammation. In addition, this methodology will provide an extremely useful tool for the development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of asthma. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001759 ·
Characteristics of Mast Cells in Mastocytosis Condition(s): Mastocytosis Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will determine what growth factors are involved in promoting and inhibiting mastocytosis-an abnormal increase of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Mast cells release chemicals that can cause itching, blisters, flushing, bone pain, and abdominal pain. Little is known about the disease and there is no cure. Steroids and antihistamines can help reduce some symptoms. Patients from birth to 80 years of age with increased mast cells in at least one organ system may be eligible for this 3-year study. Family members may also be enrolled for genetic testing. Patients will be evaluated yearly at the NIH Clinical Center with the following tests and procedures: - Medical history and physical examination. - Blood samples. - Laboratory blood tests, as medically indicated. - Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - For the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, the back hipbone is punctured with a sterile needle. Five milliliters (1 teaspoon) of marrow is withdrawn through a syringe and a 1/2-inch piece of tissue is extracted with a special needle. The blood and bone marrow samples will be used for clinical care and for research to determine if mastocytosis is due to mast cell growth factors or genetic changes. Patients who require further evaluation and tests will have recommendations made to their primary physician. Any patient who requires immediate treatment will be admitted to the hospital. Standard medical treatment may include antihistamines for itching; steroids for severe abdominal symptoms such as cramping, diarrhea, and evidence of increased mast cells determined by an upper GI study; and adrenaline for anaphylactic shock. Patients who do not respond to conventional treatment may be offered participation in an experimental therapy study. Participating family members will have a medical history and a blood sample drawn to look for genetic abnormalities. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001356
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Cytokine Production Patterns in Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis Compared with Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Individuals Condition(s): Atopic Dermatitis; Healthy; Mastocytosis Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: Cytokine Production Patterns in Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis Compared with Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Individuals Summary: This study will examine how mast cells (cells involved in allergic reactions) migrate and multiply in the skin of patients with mastocytosis, a condition characterized by too many mast cells in the body. The mast cells tend to multiply in the skin, causing dark, itchy skin spots known as urticaria pigmentosa. This study will determine if the skin of patients with mastocytosis produces chemicals called cytokines that cause mast cells to migrate to the skin and multiply. The findings will be compared with those from normal volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis, a skin disease characterized by recurrent itchy rash usually seen in people with a family history of allergies. Healthy volunteers, patients with mastocytosis and patients with atopic dermatitis 18 years of age and older may be eligible for this study. Participants will have the following tests and procedures: Suction blisters - Two to eight small blisters will be raised on the forearm using gentle suction. The fluid in the blisters will be collected with a syringe to study the chemicals produced by the skin. The tops of the blisters may be removed for research. - Template study - Patients with high cytokine content in the blister fluid may have a template study. For this procedure, a plastic block (template) with holes matching the blister sites is placed over the blistered area. The wells of the template are filled with salt water and the fluid is removed with a syringe at 3, 8 and/or 24 hours. Patients are hospitalized for 24 hours for this study. - Skin biopsy - A skin biopsy will be done to correlate cytokine levels with the number of mast cells in the skin. An area of skin is numbed with an anesthetic and a small circular area about the size of a pencil eraser is removed, using a sharp cookie cutter-type instrument. - Blood draw - About 4 tablespoons of blood will be drawn to compare the chemicals in the blood with those in the blister fluid. The blood will also be analyzed for a complete blood count, clotting factors and substances that may be elevated in people with allergies. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001760
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Disability Among Adults with Asthma Condition(s): Asthma; Lung Diseases Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: To identify risk factors for work disability among adults with asthma treated by pulmonary and allergy specialists. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005440
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Factors Involved in Asthma and Airway Inflammation Condition(s): Asthma; Healthy Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: Asthma is the third leading cause of preventable admissions to the hospital in the United States. Deaths and diseases associated with asthma increase every year. Asthma is a disorder of airway inflammation. There are several factors thought to play a role in the process of inflammation. In this study researchers are particularly interested in studying a factors known as TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and the sites where this factor attaches called receptors. Another factor associated with receptor processing is called aminopeptidase-like protein. It may be involved in the relationship between TNF, it's receptors, and inflammation. In order to understand the relationship between these factors, researchers plan to simulate an allergic reaction in the lungs and airways of patients participating in the study. By doing this they can collect and study the factors causing airway inflammation. Samples collected from patients with asthma will be compared to samples from volunteers without asthma. Patients and volunteers participating in this study will not directly benefit from this research. However, the study may help researchers understand the causes and processes involved in asthma. In addition, the study may lead to the development of new treatments for asthma and airway inflammation. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001887
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Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy Condition(s): Asthma; Hypersensitivity Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will examine how allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) works to reduce or prevent reactions to allergens such as pollen, dust or cat dander. Certain T cells (types of white blood cells) called Th2 cells produce substances that generate allergies. Other T cells called Th1 cells produce substances that have opposite effects. This study will determine if allergy shots change the immune response to allergens by reducing the number of Th2 cells or by changing them into Th1 cells. A better understanding of how this treatment works may help scientists develop more effective allergy therapies. People between 18 and 50 years of age who have had allergic asthma for at least 1 year may participate in this study. Candidates' medical, allergy and medication histories will be reviewed, and they will have a physical examination, including routine blood tests, urinalysis, electrocardiogram (EKG), and lung function test. Blood will also be drawn to test T cell response to allergens, and 12 skin tests (similar to a tuberculosis skin test) will be done to test for sensitivity to various allergens. Participants will be admitted to the Clinical Center for 1 to 2 days for rush therapy (see below). They will have a brief history and physical examination. A heparin lock (thin plastic tube similar to an intravenous line) will be placed in an arm vein. They will then undergo the following procedures: - Rush/Cluster Immunotherapy - An allergen is given in increasing doses over 2 to 5 weeks. During rush therapy, the dose is increased rapidly over 1 to 2 days until a moderate level dose is reached. To reduce the
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chance of an allergic reaction, patients take prednisone, cetirizine (Zyrtec(r) (Registered Trademark)), ranitidine (Zantac(r) (Registered Trademark)) and montelukast (Singular(r) (Registered Trademark)) starting 24 hours before treatment begins until rush therapy ends. After discharge on the third day, patients return to the clinic once a week for the next 2 to 5 weeks for cluster therapy, in which the dose is increased more gradually to a maintenance level. - Maintenance Immunotherapy - Participants receive 12 weekly injections at the maintenance dose. Blood is drawn during one visit between weeks 2 and 7 of maintenance therapy. - Follow-up Visits - Patients return to the clinic 2 and 3 weeks after the last maintenance dose for blood draws and evaluations. In addition, a "late-phase" allergen skin test is done at the 3-week follow-up to compare reaction results with those from the test done at the screening visit. - End-of-Study Visit - 12 to 16 weeks after the last allergy shot, patients return for a final blood draw and brief evaluation. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001910 ·
Phase II Efficacy Study of Aerosolized Recombinant Human IL-4 Receptor in Asthma Condition(s): Asthma; Hypersensitivity Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction. Fourteen million persons (6.4%) in the United States report having asthma, and from 1980 to 1994 the prevalence of selfreported asthma in the United States increased by 75%. A major factor in the pathogenesis of asthma is the development of an allergic inflammatory response to inhaled antigens. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in this response by promoting IgE production, upregulating IgE receptors, upregulating adhesion receptors such as VCAM-1, promoting Th2 cell development and increasing mucus secretion. Soluble recombinantly produced IL-4R (sIL-4R) has been shown to bind and inactivate IL-4, both in vitro and in animal models. As part of a multicenter trial, 20 subjects at the NIH site will receive 0.9 mg., 1.8 mg. sIL-4R or placebo once weekly for 12 weeks in a double blind placebo controlled study. Study drug will be delivered via the AERx aerosol drug delivery device. The primary objective of the study will be to evaluate efficacy as measured by FEV1. Secondary objectives will include changes in FVC, FEF 27-75, peak flow, bronchodilator usage, asthma symptoms, quality of life scores, immunologic and inflammatory markers, pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity. The study population will consist of moderate to severe asthmatics on (Beta)-agonist monotherapy with an FEV1 of 50-80% of predicted. After 12 weeks of study drug, subjects will be followed for an additional 8 weeks. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001909
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Prospective Evaluation of Airways Reactivity Condition(s): Lung Diseases; Asthma; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: From 1981 to 1991, to characterize the role of allergy and airways responsiveness in modifying growth of lung function in children and young adults in a community-based random population, the Childhood Respiratory Study in East Boston. From 1992 to 1997, to examine the relationship of respiratory symptoms and illnesses, cigarette smoking, airways responsiveness, and markers of inflammation to growth and decline in lung function in two well-characterized and investigated community-based populations of children and adults, the Childhood Respiratory Study in East Boston and the Normative Aging Study. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005282
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Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine for Treatment of Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Condition(s): Autoimmune Disease; Lymphoproliferative Disorder Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an antibiotic called Fansidar on autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Patients with ALPS have enlarged lymph glands, spleen and/or liver, abnormal blood cell counts and overactive immune function. Current treatments are aimed at suppressing the immune system and improving symptoms, such as anemia (low red blood cell count) and low white blood cell and platelet counts. These treatments, however, are only partially effective and may have complications. Fansidar is a combination of two drugs, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, that is used to treat or prevent parasitic infections such as malaria. Recently a child with ALPS who was treated with Fansidar for a different illness had a marked shrinkage of the lymph organs. This study will examine whether Fansidar can shrink the lymph glands or spleen in patients with ALPS. Patients with ALPS between the ages of 4 and 70 years who have had lymph gland enlargement for at least 1 year and are not allergic to sulfa drugs may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history and physical examination and blood tests. Females of reproductive age will have a urine pregnancy test. Participants will be evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, with blood tests and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the lymph nodes. For the CT scan, the patient lies on a table during an X-ray scan of the neck, part of the chest, and, if the spleen has not been removed, the stomach area. When these baseline tests are completed, patients will be given Fansidar pills to take once a week for 12 weeks. The dosage will be increased after 2 weeks and again after 4 weeks. At 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after starting the treatment and 2 weeks after the last dose, patients will have blood drawn to check for possible side effects of therapy. Women will have a repeat urine pregnancy test at week 6 of treatment. Within a week before completing treatment or after completing treatment, patients will return to NIH for a history, physical examination, blood tests and CT scan. Patients who responded well to treatment will be offered to return to NIH again 3, 6 and
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12 months later to repeat the evaluations. If ALPS symptoms recur during this time, patients will be offered another 12-week course of Fansidar and the procedure, including the 3, 6 and 12-month evaluations will be repeated again. If symptoms recur again, patients will be asked to resume Fansidar for 6 months or longer, with doses adjusted as needed. During this time, patients will be seen at NIH every 12 weeks for evaluation and blood will be drawn by the patient's private physician every 6 weeks or 2 and 4 weeks after the dose is increased to check for side effects. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00013689 ·
Research in Skin Inflammation Condition(s): Psoriasis Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will examine the production of proteins called chemokines in inflammatory skin reactions. It is thought that chemokines attract or recruit white blood cells from the blood stream into the skin when there is a skin injury or infection, causing inflammation. This study will examine chemokine production in induced inflammatory reactions to try to gain a better understanding of how white blood cells are attracted to inflamed areas of the body. Healthy normal volunteers between 33 and 60 years old may be eligible for this study if they 1) have no history of chronic skin disease; 2) are not allergic to eggs; and 3) do not tend to form large irregular scars after trauma to the skin from, for example, cuts, scratches and surgical incisions. Candidates will be asked a short series of questions and have a limited skin examination. Participants will have 10 ml (2 tablespoons) of blood drawn from an arm vein at the start and end of the 5-day study and undergo the following procedures: 1. Day 1 - Participants receive an injection in the right upper arm of mumps antigen (a protein commonly used to tests for immunization against mumps) and an injection of "vehicle" (saline plus the preservatives thimerosal, glycine and formaldehyde) in the left upper arm. 2. Day 3 - Participants who develop a swelling from the mumps antigen larger than 5 mm wide will receive another injection of antigen in the right arm and another injection of vehicle in the left arm. Those whose swelling is not greater than 5 mm will be excluded from the study at this point. 3. Day 5 - All four injection sites, plus another site on the left upper arm will be biopsied. For this procedure the five injection areas are numbed with a local anesthetic. A punch biopsy instrument that resembles a small cookie cutter (about one-third the diameter of a dime) is inserted about one-fifth of an inch deep into the skin and the tissue is removed. Two stitches are used to close the wound. Antibiotic and bandages are applied for 5 days. Nine days after the biopsy the participant returns to NIH for removal of the stitches. New molecular biology techniques will be used to measure changes in chemokine production in the biopsied tissue. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00026741
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Risk Factors For Asthma in Laboratory Animal Allergy Condition(s): Asthma; Lung Diseases Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: To identify risk factors which predispose individuals to develop asthma and other manifestations of allergic disease on exposure to laboratory animals in the workplace. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005283
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Statistical Analysis of Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen Data Set Condition(s): Asthma; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Purpose - Excerpt: To determine the effects in early adulthood of asthma, increased bronchial responsiveness, markers of allergy and smoking on pulmonary function level and the effects of these same risk factors on subsequent decline in pulmonary function, because these early adult factors presumably profoundly influence the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005425
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T Cell Cytokine Changes During IL-4 Receptor Treatment for Asthma Condition(s): Asthma; Hypersensitivity Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Purpose - Excerpt: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction. Fourteen million people (6.4%) in the United States report having asthma, and from 1980 to 1994 the prevalence of selfreported asthma in the United States increased 75%. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in this response by promoting IgE production, upregulating IgE receptors, upregulating adhesion receptors such as VCAM-1, promoting Th2 cell development and promoting mucus secretion. A soluble form of the receptor for IL-4 (IL-4R) that has antagonist activity has been developed for clinical use. Soluble IL-4R acts by competing with endogenous cell bound IL-4R for free IL-4, thus inhibiting IL-4 function. IL-4 is required for the development of allergen specific Th2 memory cells. Less well understood are the factors required for maintenance of Th2 responses. The maintenance of polarized Th2 responses to allergens have been postulated to require IL-4 itself, by acting as an antiapoptotic/survival factor or by differentiating naive allergen specific T cells to the Th2 phenotype. Subjects on sIL-4 therapy represent a unique patient group that possess allergen specific Th2 cells, but in which the capacity for IL-4 to promote further Th2 cell survival or differentiation has been blocked. This is a single site adjunct study proposed
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to study subjects ages 14 years and older who are enrolled at the NIH Clinical Center on a multicenter trial of IL-4R in moderate to severe asthma (Phase II Efficacy Study of Aerosolized Recombinant Human IL-4 Receptor in Asthma). A maximum of 40 subjects will be enrolled. We hypothesize that effective blocking of such Th2 priming would result in a decreased frequency of both allergen specific Th2 cells as well as mitogen activated Th2 cells. Determination of the fate of Th2 cell responses during long term IL4R therapy may have important implications both for future development of anticytokine therapies as well as for understanding the T cell biology of allergic diseases and asthma. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001908
Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “allergies” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: ·
For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/
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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html
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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/
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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm
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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp
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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm
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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/
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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm
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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm
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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm
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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm
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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm
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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials
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CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ALLERGIES Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.9 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “allergies” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on allergies, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.
Patents on Allergies By performing a patent search focusing on allergies, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We
9Adapted
from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.
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will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on allergies: ·
(Substituted 2-carboxyanilino)nicotinic acids as inhibitors of allergic reactions Inventor(s): Schwender; Charles F. (Dexter, MI), Sunday; Brooks R. (Hackettstown, NJ) Assignee(s): Warner-Lambert Company (Morris Plains, NJ) Patent Number: 4,179,509 Date filed: September 18, 1978 Abstract: The present invention relates to (substituted 2-carboxyanilino) nicotinic acids which have the capability of inhibiting allergic reactions. Excerpt(s): As used in the above definition for R, alkyl is meant to encompass lower alkyls of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, that is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and isobutyl radicals; alkoxy is meant to encompass lower alkoxy radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and halogen is meant to encompass fluorine, chlorine, and bromine radicals. ... The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by conventional reactions with equivalent amounts of organic or inorganic solutions. As exemplary, but not limiting, of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are the salts of hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, fumeric, malic and citric acids, and appropriate bases such as the hydroxides or bicarbonates of potassium and sodium. The compounds of the present invention which are preferred are those in which R of the generic structure is defined as being hydrogen, methoxy, or methyl. ... The compounds of the present invention are synthesized by reacting the appropriately substituted 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline with at least two molecular equivalents of a strong base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04179509__
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.omega.9-unsaturated fatty acid compositions for preventing or alleviating medical symptoms caused by delayed allergy reactions Inventor(s): Akimoto; Kengo (Osaka, JP), Kawashima; Hiroshi (Takatsuki, JP), Hamazaki; Tomohito (Toyama, JP), Sawazaki; Shigeki (Toyama, JP) Assignee(s): Suntory Limited (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,981,588 Date filed: August 9, 1995 Abstract: A preventive or improving agent for medical symptoms accompanying delayed allergy reactions which contains an .omega.9-unsaturated fatty acid as an effective component is provided. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a preventive or alleviating agent for medical symptoms by delayed allergy reactions, which contains an .omega.9-unsaturated fatty acid as an effective component, and to a food or drink with a preventive or alleviating effect on medical symptoms by delayed allergy reactions. Specifically, it relates to a preventive or alleviating agent, or a food or drink with a preventive or alleviating effect against medical symptoms by delayed allergy reactions which contains as an effective component at least one selected from the group consisting of 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid and 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. ... Allergy reactions are classified
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into 4 types, types I to IV, based on the antibodies contributing to the reaction, differences in the reaction mechanisms, presence of complement, etc. Of these, type IV allergy reactions differ from the other types of allergy reactions in that antibodies thereto cannot be detected in the blood of individuals in such an allergic state, and it is elicited by lymphocytes. Because at least 12 hours must pass from invasion of the antigen into the allergic individual until appearance of the inflammatory reaction, the type IV allergy reaction is known as "delayed type hypersensitivity". ... The T lymphocytes (sensitized T lymphocytes) of individuals in an allergic condition react with the antigen, triggering the T lymphocytes to release lymphokines (macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage activating factor (MAF), mitogenic factor (MF), skin-reactive factor (SRF), chemotactic factor, neovascularization-accelerating factor, etc.), which function as inflammation mediators, and the biological activity of these lymphokines, together with the direct and indirect effects of locally appearing lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells, give rise to the type IV allergy reaction (delayed allergy reaction). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05981588__ ·
1,3-dihydro-1-(phenylalkyl)-2H-imidazol-2-one compounds and their use for treating allergic, atopic or inflammatory diseases Inventor(s): Freyne; Eddy Jean Edgard (Rumst, BE), Diels; Gaston Stanislas Marcella (Ravels, BE), Andres-Gil; Jose Ignacio (Madrid, ES), Fernandez-Gadea; Francisco Javier (Toledo, ES) Assignee(s): Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V. (Beerse, BE) Patent Number: 5,994,376 Date filed: September 29, 1997 Abstract: The present invention describes 1,3-dihydro-1-(phenylalkyl)-2H-imidazol-2one compounds and their use for treating warm-blooded animals suffering from disease states related to an abnormal enzymatic or catalytic activity of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV), and/or disease states related to a physiologically detrimental excess of cytokines, in particular allergic, atopic and inflammatory diseases. Excerpt(s): The present invention concerns the use of 1,3-dihydro-1-(phenylalkyl)-2Himidazol-2-one derivatives for the manufacture of a medicament for treating warmblooded animals suffering from disease states related to an abnormal enzymatic or catalytic activity of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV), and/or disease states related to a physiologically detrimental excess of cytokines, in particular allergic, atopic and inflammatory diseases. The present invention also relates to new compounds having PDE IV and cytokine inhibiting activity, processes for their preparation and compositions comprising said new compounds. ... 1-[2-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,2dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one and a number of (1,3-dihydro- and 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-)(1-[2(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl]- and 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl])-2H-imidazol-2one derivatives are specifically disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,184,460 as therapeutic agents acting on the central nervous system, in particular, as tranquilizers. Synthetic Communications (1985) 15(10), 883-889, discloses a synthetic pathway for the preparation of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylmethyl-2Himi dazol-2-one. In the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1980), 28(6), 1810-1813, 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3-bis[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2H-imidazol-2-one and 1,3,4,5tetrahydro-1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2H-imidazol-2-one are disclosed as intermediates in the synthesis of a diazasteroid system. WO 94/12461, WO 94/14742
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and WO 94/20446 generically describe a number of 1-(phenylalkyl)-2-hydroxyimidazole derivatives as selective PDE IV inhibitors. ... Unexpectedly, particular 1,3dihydro-1-(phenylalkyl)-2H-imidazol-2-one derivatives show improved PDE IV inhibiting activity over the art compounds. In addition, the compounds of the present invention were found to display cytokine inhibiting activity. In view of these pharmacological properties, the present compounds have therapeutical utility in the treatment of disease states related to an abnormal enzymatic or catalytic activity of PDE IV, or disease states related to a physiologically detrimental excess of cytokines, in particular allergic, atopic and inflammatory diseases. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05994376__ ·
1-arylalkoxy- and 1-arylalkylthioaryl-2-pyrazolines as anti-inflammatory or antiallergic agents Inventor(s): Huang; Fu-chih (Leonia, NJ) Assignee(s): Rorer Pharmaceutical Corporation (Fort Washington, PA) Patent Number: 4,677,210 Date filed: June 19, 1985 Abstract: Z is a chemical bond or an alkylene chain containing up to 5 carbons in the principal chain and up to a total of 7 carbons;X is O or S;R and R.sub.1 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halo, cyano, carboloweralkoxy, carboxyloweralkyl, aryloxy or benzyloxy;R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower aralkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl or carboxyloweralkyl;and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have pharmaceutical activity, particularly as lipoxygenase inhibitors possessing antiinflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to new chemical compounds possessing valuable pharmaceutical activity, particularly as lipoxygenase inhibitors possessing antiinflammatory and anti-allergic properties. ... R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are each selected from hydrogen and alkyl. ... R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower aralkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl or carboxy lower alkyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04677210__
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3-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzoxazol-4-one compounds exhibiting antiallergic activity Inventor(s): Wade; James J. (Oakdale, MN) Assignee(s): Riker Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, MN) Patent Number: 4,476,130 Date filed: September 9, 1982 Abstract: 3-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]-benzoxazol-4-ones are disclosed as anti-allergic compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds are also disclosed.
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Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrimido[2,1b]benzoxazol-4-one compounds which exhibit anti-allergic activity. This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds, and a method of using the compounds. ... U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,122,274 and 4,209,620 describe 3-(1H-tetrazol-5yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a-]pyrimidin-4-ones and the antiallergy activity exhibited by such compounds. U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,031 describes 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrimido[2,1b]benzothiazol-4-ones and 6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ones and the antiallergy activity exhibited by such compounds. Sam and Plampin, J. Pharm. Sci., 53, 538 (1964) describes substituted 2-aminobenzoxazoles and substituted benzoxazolinones which are skeletal muscle relaxants. ... A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for inhibiting the effects of an antigen-antibody reaction in mammals, including humans, comprising delivering to the known or expected area of the mammalian body where said reaction has occurred or is expected to occur an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferably, the method is practiced prior to the antigen-antibody reaction. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04476130__ ·
4-Alkyl-pyrazolo[5,1-b]-quinazolin-9(4H)-ones containing them
and
anti-allergic
compositions
Inventor(s): Sircar; Jagadish C. (Ann Arbor, MI), Kesten; Stephen J. (Ypsilanti, MI) Assignee(s): Warner-Lambert Company (Morris Plains, NJ) Patent Number: 4,261,997 Date filed: January 11, 1980 Abstract: Certain pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9(4H)-ones are disclosed. These compounds prevent the allergic response in mammals. Excerpt(s): U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,150,136 and 3,167,537 discloses, inter alia certain pyrazoloquinazolone carboxylic acids which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of dyestuffs. German Pat. No. 1,111,505 discloses substituted 2-carboxypyrazolo-[5,1-b]quinazolin-9(4H)-ones which are useful as photographic color developers. The references do not disclose any pharmaceutical utility for these acids, nor do they disclose the tetrazoles of the present invention. ... The invention also relates to a method of preventing the allergic response in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an anti-allergic effective amount of a compound of formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. ... Other methods and reagents for converting carboxylic acids or esters into the corresponding tetrazoles will be familiar to those skilled in the art. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04261997__
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4H-quinolizin-4-one compounds useful for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis atropic dermatitis and the like Inventor(s): Kurashina; Yoshikazu (Matsumoto, JP), Miyata; Hiroshi (Matsumoto, JP), Momose; Den-ichi (Matsumoto, JP) Assignee(s): Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (JP) Patent Number: 4,877,795 Date filed: January 25, 1988 Abstract: This invention provides novel 4H-quinolizin-4-one compounds which exhibit a selective inhibitory activity against IgE-antibody formation, and have utility for treatment of diseases associated with IgE formation in mammals, such as allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, hypersensitiveness, and the like. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel quinolizinone derivatives having utility as therapeutic agents. More particularly, this invention provides 4H-quinolizin-4-one components which exhibit selective inhibitory activities relative to IgE-antibody formation, and which have properties suitable for application as drugs for diseases associated with IgE such as allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, hypersensitiveness, and the like. ... Several classes of immunoglobulin(s) `(hereinafter referred to as Ig(s))` are well known as antibodies concerned with immune response. Most of the Igs, especially immunoglobulin G (hereinafter referred to as IgG) which is one class of Igs, play an important role in self-defense mechanisms in mammals against foreign substances such as viruses, bacteria, tumors, and the like. ... However, immunoglobulin E (hereinafter referred to as IgE) which is another class of Igs, has been confirmed to be primarily responsible for diseases such as an allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, hypersensitiveness, and the like (Journal of Immunology, Vol. 10, pp 445, 1925, Journal of Immunology, Vol. 97, pp 75, 1966). It also has been confirmed that serum concentrations of IgE in most allergic patients suffering from those diseases in general are higher than those in normal ones. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04877795__
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A and D vitamins and their metabolites: A new treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis and atopy Inventor(s): Buttz; Angelina Pinal (7736 Iroquois Dr., El Paso, TX 79912) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,187,764 Date filed: February 1, 1999 Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating seasonal allergic rhinitis by administering retinol and ergocalciferol to individuals suffering from a hypersensitive immunological response to an allergen. Permanent, long-term relief and prevention of the recurring symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis is provided by the dosages and treatment regimens described herein. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to the field of immunology. More specifically, the present invention relates to seasonal allergic rhinitis and the use of vitamins A and D for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. ... Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), commonly called hay fever, is a disease which was first described in ninth century Islamic and sixteenth century European texts. In Europe, the first case of hay
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fever was reported in 1595 (Emanuel, 1988). The actual cause of the symptoms in individual predisposed to hay fever was not suspected until 1833. That pollen plant was the sole cause of hay fever was proven experimentally in England in 1877. At about the same time, the pollen of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, or common ragweed, was found to be the most active pollen which produced hay fever in America. ... Seasonal allergic rhinitis has now reached epidemic proportions. At the end of the nineteenth century in the United States alone, fifty thousand in a population of fifty million inhabitants suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis. It is now the most common immunologic disorder in humans. Nearly one fifth of the inhabitants of the temperate zone are afflicted. Seasonal allergic rhinitis affects ten percent of children and twenty percent of adolescents and adults. The usual age of onset is between five and ten years and peaks between ten and twenty with males more often affected than females (Emanuel, M. B. Clinical Allergy, 18:295-304, 1988). In 1975, the United States National Health Survey reported twentyeight million restricted days and two million lost school days per year attributable to allergic rhinitis. Medical costs per year exceeded one billion dollars. With an increasing population and the rising costs of health care, it has become imperative to find an alternative approach for the treatment and prevention of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06187764__ ·
Abruquinone derivatives useful in the treatment of inflammation and allergic reactions Inventor(s): Kuo; Sheng-Chu (Taichung, TW), Chen; Sheng-Chih (Taichung, TW), Wu; Jin-Bin (Taichung, TW), Teng; Che-Hing (Taichung, TW), Wang; Jih-Pyang (Taichung, TW) Assignee(s): National Science Council (Taipei, TW) Patent Number: 5,856,352 Date filed: April 29, 1997 Abstract: Disclosed are methods of providing antiinflammatory activity and inhibiting allergic reaction by administering Abruquinones A, B, D, E, or F to a subject in need thereof. Excerpt(s): Cardiovascular diseases, especially the various forms of thrombosis, such as coronary, embolic, venous, and traumatic thrombosis, account for a large number of deaths per year. In fact, it is estimated by the American Heart Association that 54% of all deaths in the United States are attributed to cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important for us to be familiar with the physical, chemical, and clinical aspects of drugs used to treat these forms of thrombosis. Since it is believed that initiation of thrombus formation is dependent of platelet aggregation, inhibitors of platelet aggregation may be prototypes of drugs that can effectively combat thrombosis, which leads to heart attacks and stokes. It has prompted us to search for novel compounds possessing more potent inhibitive activity on platelet aggregation. ... On the other hand, rheumatic diseases are classified as chronic connective tissue diseases and belong to the complex group of active immunity inflammatory conditions. They may disable single or multiple organ systems of the body and affect approximately 20 million Americans. Therapy is not directed primarily to the inflammatory processes. The development of antiinflammatory drugs started with the use of salicylates at the end of the nineteenth century. Interest in the pyrazolones resulted in the discovery of phenylbutazone. The 1950's was the decade of the corticosteroids; this was followed by an effort to find potent non-steroidal substances that do not have the side effects of corticosteroids, which were culminated in
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the 1960's with indomethacin. More recently, many laboratories are engaged in the synthesis and evaluation of compounds belonging to different chemical classes. However, few attention is paid to plant constituents which may possess immunosuppressive nature. The present invention discloses the potent antiinflammatory property of the novel abruquinone derivatives determined by measuring the inhibitory activity on the release of B-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and superoxide from neutrophils induced by FMLP. ... The investigation of the contents of Hsiang-ssu-tzu (Abrus precatorius L.) was performed in some laboratories (Khaleque, A. et al., Sci. Res. 3, 203, 1996; Ghosal, S. et al., Phytochemistry, 10, 159, 1971; Chiang, T. C. et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 20, 1197, 1982; Planta medica 49, 165, 1983). Abruquinone A, B, C were isolated for the first time from the roots of this plant by Lupi, A. et al., (Gazz. Chim. Ital., 109, 9, 1979). These authors have tried to synthesize Abruquinones A and B (Lupi, A. et al., Gazz. Chim. Ital., 110, 625, 1980). As to their biological activity, only one paper has described the inhibitory activity of Abruquinone A on the growth of Trypanosoma cruz and Crithidia fasciculata (Goijman, S. G. et al., Experientia, 41, 646, 1985). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05856352__ ·
Agent for the treatment of allergic reactions Inventor(s): Sedlacek; Hans-Herald (Marburg, DE), Seiler; Friedrich R. (Marburg, DE) Assignee(s): Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Marburg, DE) Patent Number: 4,344,938 Date filed: October 23, 1979 Abstract: What are disclosed are a method for the prophylaxis and therapy of allergic reactions and an agent therefor, said agent containing immunoglobulins of class IgG or fragments thereof which have been immunologically modified in their Fc part. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an agent for the treatment of allergic reactions. ... In clinical practice the term "allergic reaction" is used for hyperergic syndromes which occur as a consequence of reactions between an antigen and an antibody (reaction of the immediate type) or between an antigen and an immune cell (reaction of the delayed type) (Heilmeyer: Innere Medizin, 3rd edition; vol. 2, pages 411 to 459; published by Springer, Berlin 1971). It is a feature common to all allergic reactions of the immediate type that they are produced by an immunological fixation of an antigen to specific immunoglobulins--so-called reagins. Said reagins belong predominantly, but not exclusively, to immunoglobulins of class E (IgE). The antigen is fixed via the variable portion (Fab part) of the immunoglobulin molecule. According to the present conception of allergy, the reagin is fixed by its constant portion not fixing antigen, i.e. the Fc part, to the so-called Fc-receptors, which are present at the membrane, of certain cells (for example mast cells or basophilic granulocytes). These receptors are specific for the reagin. After addition and after immunological fixing of the specific antigen to the reagin present at the membrane, mediator substances are set free from the mast cells and basophilic granulocytes. These mediator substances set free take a substantial part in producing the syndromes in allergic reactions. Thus, for example, after contact with the specific immunoglobulin of class E and the corresponding antigen, a number of substances are set free by the basophilic granulocytes and mast cells, namely heparin, histamine, serotonin, kinin, a slow-reacting substance A, a thrombocyte-activating factor (PAP) and a factor cytophilic for eosinophilic granulocytes, which cause the clinical syndromes of allergy. ... In the case of allergic
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reactions of the delayed type, specific antigens are fixed to immune cells, which also results in the setting-free of mediators and the development of inflammations. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04344938__ ·
Allergy test strip Inventor(s): McLernon, III; William J. (22-57 78th St., Astoria Heights, NY 11370) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,319,467 Date filed: April 19, 1994 Abstract: A single allergy test strip is used in determining if a person has allergic reactions to allergens. A perforated layer of non-allergenic material has an adhesive layer on a back side thereof. The perforated layer has a top side with at least one perforation extending from the top side through the material and through the back side adhesive layer. A multilayer pad of allergy test strips contains several test strips each having an adhesive perimeter around the back edges thereof. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an allergy test strip for use in determining if a person has allergic reactions to allergens. ... It is known to test individuals for allergic reactions to various substances that produce these reactions and which are known as allergens. In the past, the testing protocols included applying to a selected area of the person's skin, one or more allergens and to determine what reaction, if any, did occur. Examples of these allergens include dust, mold spores, pollens (i.e., trees and grasses), foods, and insect bites. ... Occasionally the medical person conducting the testing loses track of the location for some of the various allergens previously applied to the skin of the person being tested. This places into jeopardy the accuracy of the tests being conducted. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06319467__
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Allergy testing apparatus Inventor(s): Baik; Jennifer J. (3000 W. Olympic Blvd. #203, Los Angeles, CA 90006) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,322,520 Date filed: July 3, 2000 Abstract: Allergy testing apparatus (10) includes a housing (18) with opposed parallel sidewalls (22, 24) and a pair of pressure plates (30, 32) located therebetween. The surfaces between each sidewall and adjacent pressure plate are configured into shallow openings (28, 36), each set of complementary facing shallow openings forming a cylindrical opening (35). Threaded bolt (38) on being advanced secures picks (12) within individual openings (35). In use, the entire assembly of picks (12) is lifted by the gripping bar (26) and simultaneously pressed against the patient's skin. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to human allergy testing apparatus, and, more particularly, to such apparatus enabling multiple simultaneous skin puncturing testing. ... Diagnostic testing to determine which one or more substances a patient may have a particular sensitivity to, typically requires subcutaneously injecting a
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plurality of different biological agents at different test points on the patient. Subsequent examination of the various test sites will reveal to which substances, if any, the patient has a sensitivity or allergy. ... A widely available device for making a test injection is an elongated needle-like member having several spaced apart points. In use, the pointed end is first dipped into a biological substance or extract, and then the pointed end punctures the skin to locate the test biological into necessary reactive relation to the patient. On a sensitivity reaction occurring at the test site, the allergenic substance is accordingly identified. Exemplary of such needle-like test devices are the picks disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,193,794. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06322520__ ·
Allergy testing apparatus and method Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Terr. NW., Washington, DC 20008), Johnson; Gary D. (New York, NY), Smith; Jeffrey G. (Arlington, VA), Holtz; Leonard (Oceanside, NY) Assignee(s): Fishman; Henry (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,097,810 Date filed: April 6, 1990 Abstract: An allergy testing apparatus for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at the same time comprises an actuating member resiliently suspended from a frame member and which is movable relative to the frame member. A plurality of spaced apart substance sources are mounted in the frame member below the actuating member. A plurality of spaced apart needles or the like are mounted on the actuating member and extend in the same direction so as to pierce the respective substance sources during movement of the actuating member toward the skin of a patient to apply the substances to the skin of a patient. According to another feature of the invention, the device is shaped like a rotatable, drum-like device, having a plurality of layers. The needles or the like are covered over by a resilient layer, and substance containing means are mounted over the resilient layer and in registration with the respective needles. When the device is pressed against the skin of a patient, the resilient layer compresses, permitting the needles to pierce the substance containers to apply the substances to the skin of a patient. Adjustable length substance carrying means are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses, and more specifically to improved methods and apparatuses for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick or scratch" tests. Each prick or scratch test (hereinafter referred to as "test") is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin into a superficial layer of the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is generally considered to be allergic to the particular substance. Alternatively, allergy testing involves giving a patient a plurality of "intradermal" tests. Intradermal tests involve placing a small amount of a test substance into the dermis or deep skin layers, either by injection or puncture. ... At present, allergy testing is carried out on an individual basis. Each test substance is dropped, one drop at a time, on the patient's arm or back. Each drop is then individually pricked through the skin with a separate needle. Alternatively, each individual substance is injected or punctured into the intradermal or deep skin layer. Either process is a very time
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consuming process (for both the patient and the practitioner) and very often involves multiple office visits for the patient. This leads also to a substantial amount of patient discomfort, expense and inconvenience. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05097810__ ·
Allergy testing apparatus and method Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Ter. NW., Washington, DC 20008), Johnson; Gary D. (New York, NY), Smith; Jeffrey T. (Arlington, VA), Holtz; Leonard (Oceanside, NY) Assignee(s): Fishman; Henry (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,139,029 Date filed: December 3, 1991 Abstract: An allergy testing apparatus for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at the same time comprises an actuating member resiliently suspended from a frame member and which is movable relative to the frame member. A plurality of spaced apart substance sources are mounted in the frame member below the actuating member. A plurality of spaced apart needles or the like are mounted on the actuating member and extend in the same direction so as to pierce the respective substance sources during movement of the actuating member toward the skin of a patient to apply the substances to the skin of a patient. According to another feature of the invention, the device is shaped like a rotatable, drum-like device, having a plurality of layers. The needles or the like are covered over by a resilient layer, and substance containing means are mounted over the resilient layer and in registration with the respective needles. When the device is pressed against the skin of a patient, the resilient layer compresses, permitting the needles to pierce the substance containers to apply the substances to the skin of a patient. Adjustable length substance carrying means are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): This is an improvement of my prior device shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,247, issued Dec. 8, 1987 and that disclosed in U.S. application Ser. Nos. 07/113,364, filed Oct. 21, 1987 and U.S. Ser. No. 07/339,863, filed Apr. 14, 1989. ... This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses, and more specifically to improved methods and apparatuses for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick or scratch" tests Each prick or scratch test (hereinafter referred to as "test") is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin into a superficial layer of the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is generally considered to be allergic to the particular substance Alternatively, allergy testing involves giving a patient a plurality of "intradermal" tests. Intradermal tests involve placing a small amount of a test substance into the dermis or deep skin layers, either by injection or puncture. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05139029__
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Allergy testing apparatus and method Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (Washington, DC), Olshaker; Robert (San Diego, CA), Johnson; Gary (New York, NY) Assignee(s): Fishman; Henry (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,179,959 Date filed: October 29, 1991 Abstract: An allergy testing system, for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, comprises a housing containing a plurality of packages or capsules containing an allergen and a needle, the needles being spaced apart from each other. The needles preferably carry the respective allergens on their tips. The housing is placed against the skin of a patient and an actuator is operated to engage the packages to move the needles to pierce or prick the skin of the patient, thereby applying the respective allergens to the pierced or pricked skin of the patient. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick tests." Each prick test is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional prick test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is considered to be allergic to the particular substance. At present, allergy testing is carried out on an individual basis. Each test stubstance is dropped, one drop at a time, on the patient's arm or back. Each drop is then individually pricked through the skin with a separate needle. This is a very time consuming process (for both the patient and the practitioner) and very often involves multiple office visits for the patient This leads also to a substantial amount of patient discomfort, expense, and inconvenience. ... The object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatuses and methods for testing patients for allergic reactions to a plurality of substances, all at substantially the same time. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05179959__
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Allergy testing apparatus with variably spaced test testing sites Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Terrace N.W., Washington, DC 20008) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,735,288 Date filed: September 30, 1996 Abstract: An allergy testing technique for testing a patient for a plurality of substances includes a first member having a plurality of pik engaging portions arranged for selectively engaging respective piks for pricking or piercing the skin of a patient in use. A resilient compressible member is coupled to the first member for controlling a downward movement distance of the first member and for consequently controlling a downward movement distance of the piks. A well tray has a plurality of receptacles for receiving substances for which a patient is to be tested. The first member with the piks engaged thereon, is engageable with the well tray for causing the piks to contact substances in respective associated receptacles, the first member being thereafter removed from the well tray. The first member is then placed against the skin of a patient
Patents 183
and is pressed downwardly (either straight down or with a rocking motion) against the skin of the patient to compress the compressible member and to cause the piks to contact the skin of the patient and to apply the substances at respective spaced apart positions on the skin of the patient. The first member preferably has a plurality of openings therein for selectively receiving elongated pik members in the openings. The first member also has indicia thereon for uniquely identifying the openings, and the well tray receptacles are similarly uniquely identified with indicia. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to allergy testing apparatus and methods, and more specifically to improved apparatus and methods for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, and which enables a practitioner to variably space the testing sites on the skin of a patient with great convenience. ... Various allergy testing devices for simultaneously testing a patient for a number of substances substantially at the same time are known, from, for example, prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,711,247; 5,027,826; 5,154,181; 5,076,282; 5,097,810; and 5,139,029. An object of the present invention is to provide a further improved apparatus and method for testing patients for allergic reactions to a plurality of substances, all at substantially the same time, and which allows varying the spacing between testing sites on the skin of a patient in a simple and convenient manner, while also using a simplified structural arrangement for the testing device. The invention reduces the time required for testing, enables the practitioner to have complete freedom of choice of substances used in the tests and spacing between the testing substances, and minimizes patient discomfort, expense and inconvenience, thereby improving efficiency and improving the overall testing procedure. ... Yet another object of the invention, is to provide a system having disposable needles or "piks" which are low in cost and which are easily used, and wherein the system eliminates the risk of cross-contamination and spread of infectious diseases. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05735288__ ·
Allergy testing apparatus with variably spaced test using sites Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Ter. NW., Washington, DC 20008) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,588,441 Date filed: June 7, 1995 Abstract: An allergy testing technique for testing a patient for a plurality of substances includes a first member having a plurality of pik engaging portions arranged for selectively engaging respective piks for pricking or piercing the skin of a patient in use. A resilient compressible member is coupled to the first member for controlling a downward movement distance of the first member and for consequently controlling a downward movement distance of the piks. A well tray has a plurality of receptacles for receiving substances for which a patient is to be tested. The first member with the piks engaged thereon, is engageable with the well tray for causing the piks to contact substances in respective associated receptacles, the first member being thereafter removed from the well tray. The first member is then placed against the skin of a patient and is pressed downwardly (either straight down or with a rocking motion) against the skin of the patient to compress the compressible member and to cause the piks to contact the skin of the patient and to apply the substances at respective spaced apart positions on the skin of the patient. The first member preferably has a plurality of openings therein for selectively receiving elongated pik members in the openings. The
184 Allergies
first member also has indicia thereon for uniquely identifying the openings, and the well tray receptacles are similarly uniquely identified with indicia. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to allergy testing apparatus and methods, and more specifically to improved apparatus and methods for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, and which enables a practitioner to variably space the testing sites on the skin of a patient with great convenience. ... Various allergy testing devices for simultaneously testing a patient for a number of substances substantially at the same time are known, from, for example, prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,711,247; 5,027,826; 5,154,181; 5,076,282; 5,097,010; and 5,139,029. An object of the present invention is to provide a further improved apparatus and method for testing patients for allergic reactions to a plurality of substances, all at substantially the same time, and which allows varying the spacing between testing sites on the skin of a patient in a simple and convenient manner, while also using a simplified structural arrangement for the testing device. The invention reduces the time required for testing, enables the practitioner to have complete freedom of choice of substances used in the tests and spacing between the testing substances, and minimizes patient discomfort, expense and inconvenience, thereby improving efficiency and improving the overall testing procedure. ... Yet another object of the invention, is to provide a system having disposable needles or "piks" which are low in cost and which are easily used, and wherein the system eliminates the risk of cross-contamination and spread of infectious diseases. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05588441__ ·
Allergy testing method and apparatus Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Ter., N.W., Washington, DC 20008) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,027,826 Date filed: March 29, 1990 Abstract: An allergy testing method and apparatus for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, comprises a carrier for receiving a plurality of allergen applying devices, each allergen applying device including a source of an allergen and a movable pricking needle which is movable from an inactive position out of contact with the skin of a patient to an active position for pricking the skin of a patient and applying its associated allergen to the pricked skin when moved from the inactive position to the active position. The carrier holds and supports the plurality of allergen applying devices with a given spacing between each of the pricking needles, and an actuator is coupled to the carrier for moving the pricking needles from their inactive positions to their active positions to prick or pierce the skin of a patient and to thereby apply a respective allergen to the skin of the patient via the pricking needles. Excerpt(s): U.S. application Ser. No. 07/532,239 filed 5/29/90, allowed, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/113,364, filed Oct. 21, 1987, abandoned filed concurrently in the names of Henry Fishman (the sole inventor in the present Application) and Robert Olshaker. ... This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses, and more specifically to improved apparatuses and methods for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick tests." Each prick test is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal
Patents 185
dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional prick test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is considered to be allergic to the particular substance. At present, allergy testing is carried out on an individual basis. Each test substance is dropped, one drop at a time, on the patient's arm or back. Each drop is then individually pricked through the skin with a separate needle. This is a very time consuming process (for both the patient and the practitioner) and very often involves multiple office visits for the patient. This leads also to a substantial amount of patient discomfort, expense, and inconvenience. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05027826__ ·
Allergy testing method and apparatus Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Ter. NW., Washington, DC 20008) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,154,181 Date filed: April 15, 1991 Abstract: An allergy testing method and apparatus for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, comprises a carrier for receiving a plurality of allergen applying devices, each allergen applying device including a source of an allergen and a movable pricking needle which is movable from an inactive position out of contact with the skin of a patient to an active position for pricking the skin of a patient and applying its associated allergen to the pricked skin when moved from the inactive position to the active position. The carrier holds and supports the plurality of allergen applying devices with a given spacing between each of the pricking needles, and an actuator is coupled to the carrier for moving the pricking needles from their inactive positions to their active positions to prick or pierce the skin of a patient and to thereby apply a respective allergen to the skin of the patient via the pricking needles. Excerpt(s): U.S. application Ser. No. 06/853748, filed Apr. 18, 1986 in the names of Henry Fishman (the sole inventor in the present application) and Robert Olshaker. Ser. No. 06/853,748 was abandoned in favor of continuation-in-part application Ser. No. 07/113,364 filed Oct. 27, 1987, which was abandoned in favor of continuation application Ser. No. 07/532,239, filed May 29, 1990, which was abandoned in favor of Continuation Application Ser. No. 07/626,236, filed Dec. 11, 1990 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,076,282). ... This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses, and more specifically to improved apparatuses and methods for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick tests." Each prick test is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional prick test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is considered to be allergic to the particular substance. At present, allergy testing is carried out on an individual basis. Each test substance is dropped, one drop at a time, on the patient's arm or back. Each drop is then individually pricked through the skin with a separate needle. This is a very time consuming process (for both the patient and the practitioner) and very often involves multiple office visits for the patient. This leads also to a substantial amount of patient discomfort, expense, and inconvenience.
186 Allergies
Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05154181__ ·
Allergy testing method and apparatus Inventor(s): Fishman; Henry (5173 Linnean Ter., NW., Washington, DC 20008) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,335,670 Date filed: August 17, 1992 Abstract: An allergy testing method and apparatus for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time, comprises a carrier for receiving a plurality of allergen applying devices, each allergen applying device including a source of an allergen and a movable pricking needle which is movable from an inactive position out of contact with the skin of a patient to an active position for pricking the skin of a patient and applying its associated allergen to the pricked skin when moved from the inactive position to the active position. The carrier holds and supports the plurality of allergen applying devices with a given spacing between each of the pricking needles, and an actuator is coupled to the carrier for moving the pricking needles from their inactive positions to their active positions to prick or pierce the skin of a patient and to thereby apply a respective allergen to the skin of the patient via the pricking needles. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to allergy testing methods and apparatuses, and more: specifically to improved apparatuses end methods for testing a patient for a plurality of allergies at substantially the same time. ... Allergy testing generally involves giving a patient a plurality of "prick tests." Each prick test is applied in order to determine whether or not a patient is allergic to a particular substance, such as pollen, animal dander, dust, foods, etc. A conventional prick test involves placing a drop of a test substance on the patient's skin and then using a needle to scratch the substance through the skin. If a reaction occurs, the patient is considered to be allergic to the particular substance. At present, allergy testing is carried out on an individual basis. Each test substance is dropped, one drop at a time, on the patient's arm or back. Each drop is then individually pricked through the skin with a separate needle. This is a very time consuming process (for both the patient and the practitioner) and very often involves multiple office visits for the patient. This leads also to a substantial amount of patient discomfort, expense, and inconvenience. ... An object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatuses and methods for testing patients for allergic reactions to a plurality of substances, all at substantially the same time. The invention will reduce the time required for testing, minimizing patient discomfort, expense and inconvenience, and improving productivity. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05335670__
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Aniline disulfide derivatives for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Hellberg; Mark R. (Arlington, TX), Feng; Zixia (Arlington, TX), Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Universal Ltd. (Hunenberg, CH) Patent Number: 6,452,052 Date filed: January 31, 2002
Patents 187
Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The compositions contain a mast cell stabilizing disulfide derivative as an active ingredient. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment of allergic diseases. More particularly, the present invention relates to therapeutic and prophylactic use of certain disulfide derivatives for treating or preventing allergic diseases. ... Antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers are two types of drugs currently used topically to treat allergic diseases. Antihistamine drugs are used to interrupt the allergic effects that histamine causes after it has been released from a mast cell. Many topical antihistamine drugs are marketed. For example, emedastine difumarate and levocabastine hydrochloride are available for ocular allergies (see Ophthalmic Drug Facts 1999, Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, Mo., pp. 59-80). ... Mast cell stabilizers prevent mast cells from "degranulating" or releasing histamine and other components or "mediators" during an allergic reaction. Examples of ophthalmic drugs marketed as mast cell stabilizers include olopatadine (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,805) and cromolyn sodium. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06452052__ ·
Anti-allergic bicyclic piperidinamines
heterocyclyl-containing
N-(bicyclic
heterocyclyl)-4-
Inventor(s): Janssens; Frans E. (Bonheiden, BE), Torremans; Joseph L. G. (Beerse, BE), Hens; Jozef F. (Nijlen, BE) Assignee(s): Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. (Beerse, BE) Patent Number: 5,126,339 Date filed: March 19, 1991 Abstract: Bicyclic heterocyclyl containing N-(bicyclic heterocyclyl)-4-piperidinamines having antihistaminic and serotonin-antagonistic properties which compounds are useful agents in the treatment of allergic diseases. Excerpt(s): The compounds of the present invention differ from the prior art compounds essentially by the nature of the 1-piperidinyl substituent and by the fact that the compounds of the present invention are not only potent histamine-antagonists but also potent serotonin-antagonists. ... wherein Ar.sup.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, being optionally substituted with up to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto, amino, monoand di(lower alkyl)amino, carboxyl, lower alkyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl--CO--; thienyl; halothienyl; furanyl; lower alkyl substituted furanyl; pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; thiazolyl and imidazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; and wherein Ar.sup.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl being optionally substituted with up to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto, amino, mono- and di(lower alkyl)amino, carboxyl, lower alkyloxycarbonyl and (lower alkyl)--CO. ... As used in the foregoing definitions the term halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; the term "lower alkyl" is meant to include straight and branch chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like; "alkyl" is meant to include
188 Allergies
lower alkyl radicals, as defined hereinabove, and the higher homologs thereof having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms; the term "cycloalkyl" is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and "lower alkanediyl" is meant to include bivalent straight or branch chained alkanediyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05126339__ ·
Anti-allergic composition containing zwitterionic bicyclic compounds Inventor(s): Blythin; David J. (North Caldwell, NJ), Shue; Ho-Jane (Pine Brook, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 4,782,067 Date filed: July 22, 1987 Abstract: Zwitterionic bicyclic compounds are disclosed which are useful as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and/or cytoprotective agents and in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing such compounds are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to certain zwitterionic bicyclic compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use employing such compounds. ... An article by Bowman et al. entitled "The Synthesis of Some Dialkylamino-2-quinolones," Journal of the Chemical Society, pp. 1350-1353 (1964), discloses certain 1-alkyl-3dialkylamino-4-hydroxy-2-quinolones. Mentioned in this article are 3-dimethylamino-4hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-quinolone and 1-benzyl-3 dimethylamino-4hydroxy-2-quinolone. No utility is mentioned in the article for such compounds. ... Certain other 3-amino substituted quinolones are disclosed in Kappe et al., Monatshefte fur Chemie, 99, pp. 2157-2166 (1968); Merchant et al., Curr. Sci., 49(1), pp. 20-21 (1980); and Wittmann et al. Z. Naturforsch., B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., 33B(12), pp. 1540-1546 (1978). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04782067__
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Anti-allergic esters, acetal ethers, thioethers and nitrogen substituted derivatives of bicyclic compounds Inventor(s): Blythin; David J. (North Caldwell, NJ), Shue; Ho-Jane (Pine Brook, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 4,902,693 Date filed: July 22, 1988 Abstract: Esters, acetal ethers, thioethers and nitrogen substituted derivatives of certain bicyclic compounds are disclosed which are useful as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and/or cytoprotective agents and in treatment of hyperproliferative skin disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing such compounds are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to esters, acetal ethers, thioethers and nitrogen substituted derivatives of certain bicyclic compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use employing such compounds. ... An article by Bowman et al. entitled "The Synthesis of Some Dialkylamino-2-quinolones," Journal of the Chemical Society, pp. 3350-3353 (1964), discloses certain 1-alkyl-3-dialkylamino-4-
Patents 189
hydroxy-2-quinolones. Mentioned in this article are 3-dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-1phenyl-2-quinolone and 1-benzyl-3 dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone. No utility is mentioned in the article for such compounds. ... Certain other 3-amino substituted quinolones are disclosed in Kappe et al., Monatshefte fur Chemie, 99, pp. 2157-2166 (1968); Merchant et al., Curr. Sci., 49(1), pp. 20-21 (1980); and Wittmann et al. Z. Naturforsch., B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., 33B(12), pp. 1540-1546 (1978). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04902693__ ·
Anti-allergic extract Inventor(s): Grossman; Shlomo (Ramat-Gan, IL), Reznik; Rina (Raanana, IL), Altman; David (Ramat-Gan, IL) Assignee(s): Bar-Ilan University (Ramat-Gan, IL) Patent Number: 5,049,380 Date filed: May 2, 1989 Abstract: The present invention describes a novel material which is extractable from plants of the order Malvales and which demonstrates anti-allergic activity. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to water-extractable plant materials having antiallergic activity, a process for preparing them and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. More specifically, this invention relates to a material isolated from a plant of the order Malvales, which material is characterized by its anti-allergic activity. ... The development of allergy in a patient is a complex process. Allergic responses may be effected by antibodymediated (immediate) hypersensitivity, or cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity or a combination of both. Immediate type, or Type I, hypersensitivity reactions result when immunologlobulin E ("IgE") antibodies bind to mast cells or basophils and an allergan (or antigen) binds to that antibody, thus perturbing the cell membrane and triggering a calcium ion influx across the membrane. Microtubule formation and movement of granules to the cell membrane leads to fusion of granule and plasma membrane (degranulation) and release of granule-associated mediators into the intercellular space. ... Changes in the cell membrane associated with cell activation, i.e., the calcium influx, activates mast cells both to degranulate and to activate phospholipase A, in parallel. Degranulation releases histamines and hydrolytic enzymes into the system. Activated phospholipase A.sub.2 hydrolyzes free arachidonic acid, a fatty acid, which then acts as a substrate for two enzyme systems which form the mediators; for example, leukotrienes and prostaglanins. Prostaglandin A.sub.2 and thromboxane A.sub.2 (cyclo-oxygenase pathway), and SRS (which is leukotriene LTC.sub.4 +LTD.sub.4) and chemotactic LTB.sub.4 (lipoxygenase pathway) are among the newly synthesized products which result from the metabolysis of the acid. An alternative route independent of phospholipase A.sub.2 is believed to lead to the production of histamine, proteolytic enzymes, heparin and chemotactic factors. Of the products of these processes, at least histamine and/or leukotrienes are believed to mediate allergic diseases 5-lipoxygenase acts as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of aracidonic acid to form leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are mediators which are far more active than histamine or prostaglandins. These mediators have potent contractile effects on the respiratory tract. Sneezing and respiratory problems are caused by contractions of smooth muscle of the respiratory tract. Other symptoms are a result of inflammation caused by increased vascular permeability and the attraction of leukocytes. The metabolism of arachidonic acid has been suggested as part of the mechanism of other
190 Allergies
diseases, i e., rheumatism and psoriasis. 5-lipoxygenase activity may affect these conditions, as well as inflammatory responses. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05049380__ ·
Anti-allergic five membered heterocyclic ring containing N-(bicyclic heterocycyl)-4piperidinamines Inventor(s): Janssens; Frans E. (Bonheiden, BE), Torremans; Joseph L. G. (Beerse, BE), Hens; Jozef F. (Nijlen, BE), Van Offenwert; Theophilus T. J. M. (Vosselaar, BE) Assignee(s): Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V. (Beerse, BE) Patent Number: 4,634,704 Date filed: June 27, 1984 Abstract: Five membered heterocyclic ring containing N-(bicyclic heterocyclyl)-4piperidinamines having histamine and serotonine antagonistic activity which compounds are useful agents in the treatment of allergic diseases. Excerpt(s): The compounds of the present invention differ from the prior art compounds essentially by the nature of the 1-piperidinyl substituent and by the fact that the compounds of the present invention are not only potent histamine-antagonists but also potent serotonin-antagonists. ... wherein Ar.sup.1 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, being optionally substituted with up to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto, amino, monoand di(lower alkyl)amino, carboxyl, lower alkyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl--CO--; thienyl; halothienyl; furanyl; lower alkyl substituted furanyl; pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; thiazolyl and imidazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; and wherein Ar.sup.2 is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl being optionally substituted with up to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl , lower alkyloxy, lower alkylthio, mercapto, amino, mono- and di(lower alkyl)amino, carboxyl, lower alkyloxycarbonyl and (lower alkyl)--CO. ... As used in the foregoing definitions the term halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; the term "lower alkyl" is meant to include straight and branch chained saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like; "alkyl" is meant to include lower alkyl radicals, as defined hereinabove, and the higher homologs thereof having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms; the term "cycloalkyl" is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and "lower alkanediyl" is meant to include bivalent straight or branch chained alkanediyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04634704__
Patents 191
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Anti-allergic methods using pyrazolo(1,5-A)pyridines Inventor(s): Irikura; Tsutomu (Tokyo, JP), Nishino; Keigo (Oomiya, JP), Nagatsu; Yoshio (Koga, JP) Assignee(s): Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 4,654,349 Date filed: March 7, 1984 Abstract: The present invention concerns the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives which are antiallergic agents, referred to as SRS-A release inhibitors, and useful for treatmetn of allergic diseases. Excerpt(s): The present invention is concerned with certain novel pyrazolo[1,5a]pyridine derivatives which are useful for treatment of allergic diseases, and with compositions containing them. ... It is known that chemical mediators are released from certain cells such as mast cells in response to antigen-antibody reaction and induce allergic disordors. The mediators, histamine and SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphlaxis), involved in immediate allergic reaction are of importance to medicinal chemists and the SRS-A is particulary noted in allergic asthma. ... Accordingly, most major companies have attempted to develop allergic mediator release inhibitors or antagonists against the mediators for treatment of allergic diseases. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04654349__
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Anti-allergic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic topical administration Inventor(s): Ohmori; Hitoshi (Okayama, JP), Ogawa; Takahiro (Nishinomiya, JP), Tokumochi; Fuminori (Kobe, JP), Okumura; Atsushi (Nishinomiya, JP) Assignee(s): Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, JP), Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,475,033 Date filed: May 12, 1994 Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-allergic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic topical administration comprising an IgE antibody production inhibitor as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a process for producing an anti-allergic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic topical administration, which comprises mixing an IgE antibody production inhibitor with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an anti-allergic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic topical administration. Specifically, the present invention relates to an anti-allergic pharmaceutical composition for ophthalmic topical administration comprising an IgE antibody production inhibitor. ... Allergic reactions include four types of reactions, i.e., types I, II, III and IV. The type I (immediate-type, anaphylactic) allergic reaction is associated with immunogiobulin E (hereinafter referred to as an IgE antibody). The reaction steps can be divided roughly into the following three steps. The first step is a sensitization step involving IgE antibody production and binding of the resulting IgE antibodies to mast cells or basophils. The second step involves degranulation of the mast cells or basophils and release of chemical mediators. The third step involves onset of effects of the released chemical mediators on the target organs. Thus, the type I allergic reaction against foreign antigens leads to onset of symptoms
192 Allergies
through the above reaction steps. ... Only symptomatic treatments by inhibiting the above second and/or third reaction steps have been carried out to treat allergic diseases. That is, the treatments are carried out by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators accompanying the degranulation and/or by inhibiting allergic reactions induced by the released chemical mediators. These symptomatic treatments have been known to be effective not only in systemic administration of antiallergic agents but also in topical administration of them to eyes or the like. However, the effects of the treatments are limited because the treatments do not inhibit IgE antibody production which is the basic first step of the type I allergic reaction. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05475033__ ·
Anti-allergic-3-carboxy-isocoumarin compositions and methods of use Inventor(s): Buckle; Derek Richard (Redhill, EN), Cantello; Barrie Christian Charles (Horsham, EN), Smith; Harry (Maplehurst, near Horsham, EN) Assignee(s): Beecham Group Limited (EN) Patent Number: 3,975,535 Date filed: September 30, 1974 Abstract: 3-Carboxyisocoumarins, 2-thiaisocoumarins and related isocarbostyrils are useful anti-allergic agents. Several of these compounds are novel, and a process for their preparation is provided. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to compositions which are useful in the inhibition of the effects of certain types of antigen-antibody reactions and are therefore of value in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with allergic or immunological reactions, e.g. certain types of asthma and hay fever, and also in the treatment of rhinitis. A number of the compounds comprising these compositions are novel, and a method for their preparation is provided. ... or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which formula X is O, S, or NH, R is hydrogen or an alkyl group; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, halogen, carboxylic acid groups or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or amide derivatives of carboxylic acid groups, or acyloxy groups, and any two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 taken together may represent the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system, have useful activity in mammals in that they inhibit the effects of certain types of antigen-antibody reactions. In particular, they appear to inhibit the release of mediator substances, such as histamine, which are normally released after antigen-antibody combinations and which appear to mediate the allergic response. ... 1. Boll. Sedute Acad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania, (1960), 6, 625, F. Duro and P. Condorelli. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US03975535__
Patents 193
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Anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-cholinergic, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory 1-[(benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkyl]piperidines and analogs thereof Inventor(s): Zenitz; Bernard L. (Rensselaer, NY) Assignee(s): Sterling Drug Inc. (New York, NY) Patent Number: 4,339,576 Date filed: August 24, 1981 Abstract: 1-[(3- or 4-Benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkyl]-[(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N.dbd.B]substituted-piperidines, useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-cholinergic, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agents, are prepared by alkylation of an appropriate substituted piperidine with a (3- or 4-benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkyl halide or tosylate; by reaction of a 1-[2-(3- or 4-lithiophenyl)-lower-alkyl]-[(CH.sub.2).sub.n -N.dbd.B]-substituted-piperidine with benzonitrile and hydrolysis of the resulting benzimidoyl compound; or by reduction of a 1-[.alpha.-(3- or 4-benzoylphenyl)-loweralkanoyl]-[(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N.dbd.B]-substituted-piperidine. The analogous carbinols are prepared by reduction, with an alkali metal borohydride, of the ketone. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to 1-[(3- or 4-benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkyl][(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N.dbd.B]-substituted-piperidines and analogs thereof, useful as antiasthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-cholinergic, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agents; to certain 1-[.alpha.-(3-or 4-benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkanoyl]-[(CH.sub.2).sub.n -N.dbd.B]-substituted-piperidines, useful as intermediates for the preparation of the former, certain species of the former also being useful as analgesics and certain species of the latter being useful also as anti-inflammatory agents; and to certain 1-[(3- or 4halophenyl)-lower-alkyl]-[(CH.sub.2) n--N.dbd.B]-substituted-piperidine which are also useful as intermediates for preparing the final products. ... British Pat. No. 1,508,391 discloses certain 1-[(3-benzoylphenyl)-lower-alkyl]piperidines, which are either unsubstituted in the piperidine ring or which are substituted by various hydrocarbon groups and which are disclosed as being useful as anti-inflammatory agents. ... French Pat. No. 1,549,342, delivre Nov. 4, 1968, discloses certain 4(benzoylphenylmethyl)morpholines useful as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agents. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04339576__
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Apparatus for examining electrochemical effects of in vivo metal implants causing allergic symptoms and/or inflammation in a living organism Inventor(s): Vukan; Gyorgy (Budapest, HU), Vass; Zoltan (Budapest, HU), Krisko ; Zoltan (Budapest, HU), Kiss; Laszlo (Budapest, HU), Sziraki; Laura (Budapest, HU), Varsanyi; Magda Lakatosne (Budapest, HU) Assignee(s): Dentimpex Kft. (HU) Patent Number: 5,978,692 Date filed: February 10, 1998 Abstract: An apparatus for examining the electrochemical effects of (in vivo) metal implants causing allergic symptoms and/or inflamation in living organism, the apparatus containing two probes and a signal processing circuit connected thereto. One of the probes is a reference electrode (1) provided with reference electrolyte (34), which is connected to the soma tissue near the implant while the other probe is a measuring
194 Allergies
electrode (2) provided with a metal contact tip (6) to be contacted with the implant. The reference electrode (1) and the measuring electrode (2) are connected through an amplifier (20, 27) to one of the inputs of a comparing unit (22, 28). The other input of the comparing unit (22, 28) is connected the output of a memory (24, 30) containing data concerning the metal to be examined, and one of the outputs of the comparing unit (22, 28) is connected the display for the measured data (11). Excerpt(s): The invention relates to an apparatus for examining the electrochemical effects of in vivo metal implants causing allergic symptoms and/or inflammation in a living organism. ... Recent research has demonstrated that metal implants in living organism can cause allergic symptoms as a result of ionic migration from the metal alloys implanted in vivo toward the living tissues. These migrated ions easily connect to protein bodies at the temperature of the human body. As a result, in the organism already implanted with metal, allergic symptoms can appear, i.e. local or long-distance mucosal and cutaneous reactions, eczema, dermatitis, dermatosis, etc. Under certain circumstances, this effect can cause extraordinary serious altercations, and the risk exists until the anaphylactogemic factor, i.e. the metal implants which can be dental prosthesis, filling of a tooth, screw, nail, etc., is removed from the organism. ... It has been found in practice that during the application of the mentioned known apparatus, the ion migration causing the harmful effects cannot be explored to the extent necessary. During the application, it has been also demonstrated that the measured values cannot be reproduced consistently, and that the measurements obtained are influenced by numerous parameters and by chance as well. Also, the measuring unit is embedded in a relatively large instrument case, so that its application becomes difficult. A further problem is that more than one person is required to perform the measurement, to accomplish suitable location of the probes and their connection, and for reading the measured values on the instrument. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05978692__ ·
Apparatus for treatment of the common cold and allergic rhinitis Inventor(s): Lwoff; Andre (Paris, FR), Yerushalmi; Aaron (Rehovot, IL), Cohen; Irun R. (Rehovot, IL), Moshe; Gideon B. (Rishon Le Zion, IL), Pennell; Jack (Sutton Coldfield, GB2) Assignee(s): Yeda Research & Dev., Co., Ltd. (Rehovot, IL) Patent Number: 4,369,777 Date filed: May 8, 1981 Abstract: Apparatus for delivering a stream of heated humidified air to the nasal mucosa for treatment of the common cold or allergic rhinitis comprising a container adapted to contain water, apparatus for producing a supply of air under pressure, pressurizing apparatus for applying at least a part of the supply of air under pressure to the container for causing a pressurized flow of water to issue therefrom, a remote outlet member receiving at least a portion of the supply of air under pressure and the pressurized flow of water from the pressurizing apparatus and the producing apparatus via a flexible conduit, the outlet member comprising apparatus for heating at least a portion of the supply of air and apparatus for supplying the pressurized flow of water to the supply of air after heating thereof for providing a humidified heated stream of air. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to apparatus for medical treatment generally and more particularly to apparatus for treatment of ailments associated with the nasal
Patents 195
mucosa, such as the common cold, (viral rhinitis) and allergic rhinitis. ... The present invention seeks to provide apparatus for producing a stream of heated and humidified air to the nasal mucosa for the treatment of viral rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. ... Therefore, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for delivering a stream of heated and humidified air comprising a container adapted to contain water, apparatus for producing a supply of air under pressure; apparatus for heating at least a part of the supply of air and providing a stream of heated air; apparatus for applying at least a part of the supply of air under pressure to the container for causing a pressurized flow of water to issue therefrom and apparatus for combining the pressurized flows of water and heated air. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04369777__ ·
Arachidonic acid analogues as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents Inventor(s): Nelson; Peter H. (Los Altos, CA) Assignee(s): Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. (Palo Alto, CA) Patent Number: 4,497,827 Date filed: August 30, 1982 Abstract: Novel compounds of this invention are tetrazole, acylhydroxylamine, hydroxymethylketone and amide derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids which are selective inhibitors of the enzymes lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase involved in the production of pain, inflammation, bronchoconstriction and allergic reactions. These compounds are beneficial in the treatment of a number of inflammatory and/or painful conditions and allergic reactions. Excerpt(s): This invention concerns novel tetrazole, acylhydroxylamine, hydroxymethylketone and amide derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids and, where applicable, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their use in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes, pain and allergic reactions, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of their preparation. ... Arachidonic acid is the biological precursor of such pro-inflammatory agents as prostaglandins and leucotrienes, or the platelet aggregation inducers thromboxanes. Compounds of this invention show selective inhibitory activity on the enzymes involved in the metabolic synthetic pathways of prostaglandins, leucotrienes or thromboxanes. These compounds will be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory and painful disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, or in the prevention or treatment of disorders of allergic origin, such as bronchospasm in asthma. ... Those compounds closest in structure to those of the present invention are 2-descarboxy-2(tetrazol-5-yl) prostaglandins disclosed in Dutch Pat. No. NL-7,211,860Q; N(hydroxyalkyl) aliphatic amides disclosed in Belgium Pat. BE No. 785,292Q; Vitamin F compounds disclosed in French Pat. No. 2,264,522; long-chain fatty acid amides disclosed in French Pat. No. 2,140,369Q; unsaturated fatty acid amides disclosed in British Pat. No. 1,074,693 and 16-24 carbon unsaturated fatty acid amides disclosed in Dutch Pat. Neth. No. 6,604,058; quarternary ammonium hydroxamates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,427,316, and N-substituted fatty acid amides as cholesterol lowering agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,995,059. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04497827__
196 Allergies
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Aryl-substituted naphthyridine and pyridopyrazine derivatives, useful as antiallergic agents Inventor(s): Blythin; David J. (North Caldwell, NJ), Shue; Ho-Jane (Pine Brook, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 4,760,073 Date filed: December 23, 1986 Abstract: Aryl-substituted naphthyridines and pyridopyrazines are disclosed which are useful in treating allergic reactions, inflammation, peptic ulcers and/or hyperproliferative skin disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing such compounds are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to tricyclic naphthyridine and pyridopyrazine derivatives and to methods for their preparation. ... each Y substituent is independently selected from --OH, hydroxymethyl, alkyl, halo, --NO.sub.2, alkoxy, --CF.sub.3, --CN, cycloalkyl, alkynyloxy, alkenyloxy, --S(O).sub.p --R.sup.4 {wherein R.sup.4 and p are as defined above}, --CO--R.sup.5 {wherein R.sup.5 represents --OH, --NH.sub.2, -NHR.sup.4, N(R.sup.4).sub.2 or --OR.sup.4 in which R.sup.4 is as defined above}, --O-D--COR.sup.5 {wherein D represents alkylene having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is as defined above}, --NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup.4, --N(R.sup.4).sub.2 {wherein R.sup.4 is as defined above} or --NHCOH. ... Compounds of formula I in which W is oxygen or a covalent bond are preferred. Also, A is preferably oxygen, while X is preferably CH. The group --B--W-- preferably represents an alkylene or alkyleneoxy group, preferably --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O-- or -(CH.sub.2).sub.4 O--. Other suitable --B--W-- groups include --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2)CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --, -(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CHOH--, --CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)CH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)--, -CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 CH(OH)--, --CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, -(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)CH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)--, --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 O--, --CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)CH.sub.2 O--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)O--, --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 O--, --CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--, -(CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)CH.sub.2 O--, and --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.2 OH)O--. The letter n preferably represents zero and m is preferably zero. Q is preferably phenyl or Y-substituted phenyl, and in the latter case each Y substituent on the Q phenyl ring is preferably selected from chloro, nitro, methoxy or trifluoromethyl. The most preferred orientation for nitro, methoxy and trifluoromethyl substituents is in the meta position. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04760073__
Patents 197
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Automatic allergy detection system Inventor(s): Kraft; Thomas L. (Houston, TX), Vick; Howard A. (Missouri City, TX), Meador; James W. (Houston, TX) Assignee(s): KVM Engineering, Inc. (Houston, TX) Patent Number: 4,819,657 Date filed: June 16, 1987 Abstract: Disclosed herein is an automatic allergy testing system. The system includes an electrode capable of testing up to eight different allergies and an associated electronic unit. The electrode includes apparatus to transcutaneously deliver an allergen to the patient without puncturing the patient's skin. The electrode also includes a temperature sensor for sensing the skin temperature in the area surrounding the delivery of the allergen. Electronic apparatus is provided for processing the sensed temperature and storing data related thereto for subsequent print out to an output device. The allergy testing system is controlled so that periodic temperature readings are made at thrity second intervals over approximately a fifteen minute testing span. The data can be printed out in a graphic format to allow the physician to easily and quickly make more accurate diagnosis. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to an automatic allergy detection system, and more particularly to such a system in which an allergic reaction is automatically tested by measuring the temperature of any wheal surrounding the allergen application and thereafter processing the sensed temperature data for output in a useable format. ... Allergy testing in the past has generally been accomplished by the use of some skin test, the most traditional method being a scratch test, in which a small scratch is placed on the skin and an allergen in placed over the scratch. The allergen enters the area of the body beneath the skin and if the person being tested is allergic to the substance of the allergen, a reaction occurs. This reaction is identified by a large wheal or welt occuring in the area surrounding the reaction. The physician diagnoses an allergic reaction by visually inspecting the back and noting the particular wheals formed. It is difficult for the physican to measure qualitatively the degree of the reaction by the normal observable diagnosis techniques used. The physician may have a general idea of the degree by noting the size of the wheal, but little else is available to assist the physician in accurately diagnosing the degree of reaction occurring. ... Other techniques used in the past to diagnose allergy include an injection by a needle puncturing the skin of the allergen. The diagnosing techniques are quite similar to those discussed above with respect to the scratch test. However, the amount of allergen can be more accurately controlled by this technique and the doctor is able to obtain better qualitative analysis results of the degree of reaction. This particularly is true where the doctor injects a plurality of different concentrations or amounts of allergen at different points on the patient. The final prior art technique used to diagnose allergic reactions is the RAST test, which is a blood test run on blood serum. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04819657__
198 Allergies
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Birch pollen allergen P14 for diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases Inventor(s): Valenta; Rudolf (Theresienfeld, AT), Duchene; Michael (Vienna, AT), Pettenburger; Karin (Vienna, AT), Breitenbach; Michael (Vienna, AT), Kraft; Dietrich (Vienna, AT), Rumpold; Helmut (Vienna, AT), Scheiner; Otto (Mariaenzersdorf, AT) Assignee(s): Biomay Biotechnik Produktions Und Handelsgesellschaft m.b.H. (Linz, AT) Patent Number: 5,583,046 Date filed: June 6, 1992 Abstract: The invention provides recombinant DNA molecules which code for proteins or polypeptides that exhibit the antigenicity of a P14 allergen of birch Betula verrucosa and other plants of the order Fagales, and for polypeptides comprising at least one epitope thereof, as well as nucleic acids which under stringent conditions hybridize with such DNA sequences or are derivable from such sequences by degeneracy of the genetic code. A method is provided that permits purification of P14 allergens or cross-reactive allergens by means of binding to poly(L-proline). In addition, methods are described for making the proteins and polypeptides coded by these DNA molecules and their use in the diagnosis or therapy of allergic diseases. Excerpt(s): The invention provides recombinant DNA molecules which code for polypeptides, and the polypeptides per se, that have at least one epitope of a P14 pollen allergen of a tree of the order Fagales, particularly birch (Betula verrucosa), or the entire P14 allergen protein, and exhibit the same or similar antigenicity as a P14 allergen. The invention also provides replicable microbial expression vehicles and microorganisms for use in processes for producing such allergenic polypeptides. Methods are provided for purification of P14 allergen as well as for the diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases using the synthetic polypeptides of the invention. ... In the springtime large parts of the populations of Central, Eastern and Northern Europe, America and Australia suffer from allergic symptoms (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and pollen asthma). Proteins which can be isolated from pollen of trees of the order Fagales, in particular from pollen of birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam and oak, are responsible for most of these allergic symptoms (1). ... At least 10% of the population suffers from pollen allergies at various times and to varying extent. These allergies are mediated by IgE antibodies which react with pollen proteins. The possibility exists for a therapy for pollen allergies by hyposensitization, i.e., by the regular and slowly increasing administration of the proteins producing the allergy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05583046__
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Canine allergy therapeutic recombinant chimeric anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Inventor(s): Lawton; Robert L. (Gorham, ME), Aiyappa; Ashok P. (Scarborough, ME), Liu; Wendy W. (Shaker Heights, OH), Mermer; Brion (Cumberland, ME), Guo; Hongliang (Scarborough, ME), Krah, III; Eugene R. (Portland, ME) Assignee(s): Idexx Laboratories, Inc. (Westbrook, ME) Patent Number: 6,504,013 Date filed: June 12, 2000 Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for decreasing IgE levels in dogs. The methods and compositions are useful for treating allergic symptoms in dogs. The invention may comprise chimeric canine anti-IgE monoclonal antibody
Patents 199
compositions and methods for using the compositions in the treatment of allergy. In preferred embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may act by binding soluble IgE in plasma, or by inhibiting IgE from binding to receptors on mast cells, B cells, and basophils. Excerpt(s): The present invention provides compositions and methods for decreasing IgE levels and for alleviating allergic symptoms in canines. The compositions comprise chimeric canine anti-IgE mAbs and the methods are useful for treating allergies in canines. ... It is estimated that up to 30% of all dogs suffer from allergies or allergyrelated skin disorders. Specifically, allergic dermatitis has been estimated to affect between 3% and 15% of the entire canine population. Given the prevalence of allergies in dogs, there is a need to develop methods and compositions to properly diagnose and treat, canine allergies. ... The substances most likely to cause an allergic reaction vary from species to species. Common canine allergens include fleas, pollens, molds and dust. Allergy to fleas is believed to be the most common dog allergy. Typically, a flea's saliva is the allergen, and a single fleabite can cause substantial itching. An additional form of allergy in dogs is termed atopy. Atopy is a condition where a dog. is allergic to inhalants such as pollens, molds or microscopic mites found in house dust. Current treatments of canine allergies often focus on the use of steroids which cause undesirable side effects or allergen-mediated desensitization which requires a different treatment for each type of allergy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06504013__ ·
Certain [3-(1-hydroxy hexyl-tetrahydro)naphthalenes], the naphthalenes having anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity
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Inventor(s): Musser; John H. (Malvern, PA), Chakraborty; Utpal R. (Orangeburg, NY) Assignee(s): USV Pharmaceutical Corporation (Tuckahoe, NY) Patent Number: 4,778,931 Date filed: November 29, 1985 Abstract: The invention relates to several aryloxy-alkane alcohols, for example 1-(3-(1hydroxy-1-methylhexyl) phenoxy methyl)-2-methoxy-naphthalene, 2-(1-(3-(1-hydroxy2,2-dimethylhexyl)phenoxy)ethyl naphthalene, 1-(3-6-phenoxy-1hydroxyhexyl)phenoxy methyl)-4-methoxy naphthalene, 2-(3-(1-hydroxyhexyl) phenoxymethyl) naphthalene and 2-(3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)phenoxymethyl)-1,2,3,4tetrahydro naphthalene, methods for their preparation and their use for treating inflammatory and allergic conditions in a mammal. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to new chemical compounds possessing valuable pharmaceutical activity. More particularly, the invention relates to novel lipoxygenase inhibitor compounds possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. ... n"=0, 1 or 2. ... In the foregoing description, the lower alkyl and alkanoyl groups contain up to 6 carbon atoms which may be in the normal or branched configuration, including methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, and the like. The aryl group is preferably phenyl, and aralkyl is benzyl. The alkanoyl group is preferably acetyl. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04778931__
200 Allergies
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Clear non-alcoholic sinus and allergy medication Inventor(s): Bapat; Swati (Willowdale, CA) Assignee(s): Warner-Lambert Company (Morris Plains, NJ) Patent Number: 5,534,552 Date filed: March 2, 1994 Abstract: A clear, hypoallergenic sinus and allergy medication is orally administered in an aqueous, liquid dosage form. The formulation provides effective sinus and allergy relief without alcohol or dyes which adversely affect many allergy sufferers. Said relief is provided while still maintaining aesthetic appeal or pleasant taste and texture. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to allergy and sinus medications which are orally administered in liquid dosage forms that are easy to swallow, taste good and provide immediate and long lasting relief. Such medications generally contain as the active ingredient an antihistamine which is otherwise bitter tasting and unpalatable yet is effective in clearing up blocked sinuses, and itchy, watery eyes. The medications then must contain numerous taste modifiers, color enhancers and dyes which are necessary to make the medication more appealing, particularly with respect to children. ... One of the major problems that exists in the art of pharmacy is that many patients, particularly young children and older adults, are unwilling and/or unable to swallow tablets, capsules or other solid dosage forms of medication. Liquid cold/sinus preparations are admittedly not novel and numerous commercially available formulations exist in the marketplace. Benadryl.RTM., Vicks.RTM., Sudafed.RTM., Dimetapp.RTM. and others are all well known liquid cold remedies that are easily swallowed and do not possess the problems inherent in swallowing a tablet which causes difficulty for young children and older patients. These cold/sinus remedies vary with respect to what actives are present, but many include a decongestant, an antihistamine, an expectorant, an analgesic and the like either singly or in combination depending upon the relief sought. ... The problem that exists with respect to many of these actives is that they are not very soluble in water and therefore require some type of organic solvent such as alcohol for dissolution and dispersion throughout the liquid formulation. Another problem that is inherent with these cold medications is the bad taste of the actives and therefore measures must be taken to flavor the liquid in some way so as to taste-mask the active and prevent its perception by the patient. If these drawbacks are not resolved, high degrees of patient compliance cannot be assured. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05534552__
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Combination of PAF antagonists and LTD.sub.4 antagonists for the treatment of allergic reactions Inventor(s): O'Donnell; Margaret (Clifton, NJ), Welton; Ann (North Caldwell, NJ) Assignee(s): Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. (Nutley, NJ) Patent Number: 5,227,378 Date filed: March 9, 1992 Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising combinations of a PAF antagonist and a LTD.sub.4 antagonist which combinations synergistically provide protection against allergic reactions such as antigen-induced death in mammals.In
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another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the referred to combinations in the treatment of allergic reactions. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to compositions comprising combinations of a PAF antagonist and a LTD.sub.4 antagonist which combinations synergistically provide protection against allergic reactions such as antigen-induced death in mammals. ... In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the referred to combinations in the treatment of allergic reactions. ... The invention relates compositions comprising the synergistic combination of platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists with leukotriene D.sub.4 (LTD.sub.4) antagonists and the use thereof to treat allergic reactions. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05227378__ ·
Combined use of dopamine and serotonin agonists in the treatment of allergic disorders Inventor(s): Hitzig; Pietr (1319 Blue Mount Rd., Monkton, MD 21111) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,502,080 Date filed: November 1, 1994 Abstract: Allergic conditions are treated and allergic symptoms mitigated or resolved by the administration of a dopamine agonist such as fenfluramine and/or 5hydroxytriptophan administered concurrently or in association with a serotonin agonist such as phentermine. Excerpt(s): By distinguishing between self and non-self, the immune system mediates the individual's relationship with his or her environment. When the immune system is working properly, it protects the organism from infection; when it is not, the failures of the immune system can result in some of the most challenging and serious diseases encountered in medical practice. The nervous and immune systems have evolved with an exquisite capacity to receive and respond to specific forms of stimulation from the internal or external milieu. ... Central nervous system neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and prolactin modulate the immune system by both stimulating and inhibiting various aspects of the immune system. Medications that increase central nervous system dopamine and serotonin have been found to act in tandem in controlling addictive cravings and psychoneuroses. Stress, or the state that occurs when the individual has his customary environment disturbed, has been increasing. Its increase is the price mankind is paying for disturbing man's natural environment. Low central nervous system dopamine and serotonin has been found to occur in chronically stressed animals. The addition of dopamine and serotonin results in immune enhancement. ... This invention provides therapeutic intervention to disorders of the immune system to restore the patient generally and particularly the immune system to its previous degree of competence. Diverse conditions suited to the procedures of this invention include, but are not limited to, immunodeficiency states such as AIDS and HIV-related diseases, lymphoma, and multiple carcinomas; autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and inflammmatory bowel disease; allergic diseases including rhinitis, asthma, atopic conditions, urticaria, anaphylaxis such as allergen specific, exercise induced and idiopathic, angioedema, and neurodermatitis; and miscellaneous conditions including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic hepatitis B, C or D, and dermatologic and arthritis psoriasis. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05502080__
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Complete antigen drug and a process for producing it for nonspecific allergic disease therapy Inventor(s): Kokubu; Tadao (2-3, Ooi 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, JP) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,457,913 Date filed: February 19, 1982 Abstract: An antigen drug or a process of producing it available for the oral, the percutaneous and the permucous membrane immunotherapies with autoimmunization equilibrium induced in feeling of cold, what is called "HIESHO" in Japanese, contracting nonspecific allergic diseases caused from auto-antigen-antibody reaction by atypical antibody. The antigen drug is available in the liquid type and the ointment type which are effective to the percutaneous and the permucous membrane immune therapies of non-specific allergic diseases. The antigen drug is made from urea of normal and healthy person. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to an antigen drug and a process for producing it and making it available for oral, percutaneous and permucous membrane immunotherapies through autoimmunization for the syndrome identical with "the feeling of cold" in English (so called "HIESHO" in Japanese) i.e., contracting nonspecific allergic diseases caused from auto-antigen-antibody reaction. ... Until recently such nonspecific allergic diseases have never been differentiated exactly from specific allergic diseases, although the latter criteria for the latter of genesis and mechanism have been studied thoroughly from ancient times. ... In this paper the term "nonspecific allergy" is used often without discrimination. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04457913__
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Composition and method for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Shih; Neng-Yang (North Caldwell, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 6,221,880 Date filed: October 6, 1999 Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment allergic rhinitis, asthma and related disorders. In one embodiment, the composition comprises, in combination, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one neurokinin antagonist, and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Excerpt(s): The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for treating allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases. It specifically discloses compositions which comprise (i) combinations of antagonists of neurokinin receptors and antagonists of leukotriene receptors, and (ii) combinations of antagonists of neurokinin receptors and inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, as well as methods for treating the above-noted diseases using such compositions. ... Neurokinin ("NK") receptors such as the NK.sub.1 and the NK.sub.2 receptors are found in the central nervous system and the circulatory system and the peripheral tissues of mammals, and are involved in a
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variety of biological processes. Antagonists of the neurokinin receptors are, therefore, expected to be useful in the treatment or prevention of various mammalian diseases such as, for example, pulmonary disorders such as asthma, cough, bronchospasm, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and airway hyperactivity; skin disorders and itch, for example, atopic dermatitis, and cutaneous wheal and flare; neurogenic inflammatory diseases such as, arthritis, migraine, nociception; CNS diseases such as anxiety, emesis, Parkinson's disease, movement disorders and psychosis; convulsive disorders, renal disorders, urinary incontinence, ocular inflammation, inflammatory pain, and eating disorders such as food intake inhibition; allergic rhinitis, neurodegenerative disorders, psoriasis, Huntington's disease, depression and various disorders such as Crohn's disease. NK, receptors have been reported to be involved in microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, and NK.sub.2 receptors have been associated with smooth muscle contraction, making NK.sub.1 and NK.sub.2 receptor antagonists especially useful in the treatment and prevention of asthma. NK.sub.1 and NK.sub.2 receptor antagonists have been reported such as, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,798,359; 5,795,894; 5,789,422; 5,783,579; 5,719,156; 5,696,267; 5,691,362; 5,688,960; 5,654,316 (all assigned to Schering-Plough Corporation, Madison, N.J.); and in "Recent Advances in Neurokinin Receptor Antagonists", by C. J. Ohnmacht Jr., et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, A. M. Doherty Ed., 33, 71-80 (1998). ... The products of the 5-lipoxygenase ("5-LO") pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, particularly the leukotrienes, can mediate bronchoconstriction, mucous secretion, airway mucosal edema, chemotaxis and mobilization of cells into the airway in the inflammatory process of asthma. Therefore, inhibition of 5-LO should help cure, reduce or prevent such diseases. Similarly, leukotriene ("LK") antagonists play a role in treating the multitude of symptoms associated with diseases of the respiratory tract, such as season allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, common colds, sinusitis and concomitant symptoms associated with allergic asthma. The symptoms of such diseases may include sneezing, itching runny nose, nasal congestion, redness of the eye, tearing, itching of the ears or palate, and coughs associated with postnasal drip. A discussion of leukotriene receptors may be found in R. Robertson, Prostaglandins, 31, 395 (1986), and a discussion of leukotriene antagonists can be found in J. Musser et al, Agents and Actions, 18, 332 (1986), J. Piwinski et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 22, 73-76 (1987), and R. Bell et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 32, 91 (1997). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06221880__ ·
Composition and method for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Shih; Neng-Yang (North Carldwell, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 6,262,077 Date filed: January 12, 2001 Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma and related disorders. In one embodiment, the composition comprises, in combination, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one neurokinin antagonist, and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Excerpt(s): The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for treating allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases. It specifically discloses compositions which comprise (i) combinations of antagonists of neurokinin receptors
204 Allergies
and antagonists of leukotriene receptors, and (ii) combinations of antagonists of neurokinin receptors and inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, as well as methods for treating the above-noted diseases using such compositions. ... Neurokinin ("NK") receptors such as the NK.sub.1 and the NK.sub.2 receptors are found in the central nervous system and the circulatory system and the peripheral tissues of mammals, and are involved in a variety of biological processes. Antagonists of the neurokinin receptors are, therefore, expected to be useful in the treatment or prevention of various mammalian diseases such as, for example, pulmonary disorders such as asthma, cough, bronchospasm, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and airway hyperactivity; skin disorders and itch, for example, atopic dermatitis, and cutaneous wheal and flare; neurogenic inflammatory diseases such as, arthritis, migraine, nociception; CNS diseases such as anxiety, emesis, Parkinson's disease, movement disorders and psychosis; convulsive disorders, renal disorders, urinary incontinence, ocular inflammation, inflammatory pain, and eating disorders such as food intake inhibition; allergic rhinitis, neurodegenerative disorders, psoriasis, Huntington's disease, depression and various disorders such as Crohn's disease. NK.sub.1 receptors have been reported to be involved in microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, and NK.sub.2 receptors have been associated with smooth muscle contraction, making NK.sub.1 and NK.sub.2 receptor antagonists especially useful in the treatment and prevention of asthma. NK.sub.1 and NK.sub.2 receptor antagonists have been reported such as, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,798,359; 5,795,894; 5,789,422; 5,783,579; 5,719,156; 5,696,267; 5,691,362; 5,688,960; 5,654,316 (all assigned to Schering-Plough Corporation, Madison, N.J.); and in "Recent Advances in Neurokinin Receptor Antagonists", by C. J. Ohnmacht Jr., et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, A. M. Doherty Ed., 33, 71-80 (1998). ... The products of the 5-lipoxygenase ("5-LO") pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, particularly the leukotrienes, can mediate bronchoconstriction, mucous secretion, airway mucosal edema, chemotaxis and mobilization of cells into the airway in the inflammatory process of asthma. Therefore, inhibition of 5-LO should help cure, reduce or prevent such diseases. Similarly, leukotriene ("LK") antagonists play a role in treating the multitude of symptoms associated with diseases of the respiratory tract, such as season allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, common colds, sinusitis and concomitant symptoms associated with allergic asthma. The symptoms of such diseases may include sneezing, itching runny nose, nasal congestion, redness of the eye, tearing, itching of the ears or palate, and coughs associated with postnasal drip. A discussion of leukotriene receptors may be found in R. Robertson, Prostaglandins, 31, 395 (1986), and a discussion of leukotriene antagonists can be found in J. Musser et al, Agents and Actions, 18, 332 (1986), J. Piwinski et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 22, 73-76 (1987), and R. Bell et al, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 32, 91 (1997). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06262077__ ·
Compositions and method for treating painful, inflammatory or allergic disorders Inventor(s): Bernstein; Joel E. (Deerfield, IL) Assignee(s): Cisco Limited Partnership (Lincolnshire, IL) Patent Number: 5,063,060 Date filed: December 19, 1989 Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating painful, inflammatory or allergic disorders comprising treatment with an effective amount of a composition comprising
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cis-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide. The invention also relates to compositions for use in the inventive method. Excerpt(s): Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a compound derived from plants of the Solanacea family, commonly known as hot red peppers. Capsaicin has been utilized over the last two decades to study the neurophysiology and pharmacology of pain, as well as for the treatment of certain types of neuropathies and skin disorders. Such use is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,450, issued Dec. 4, 1984, and entitled "Method Of Treating Psoriatic Skil And Composition," and U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,404, issued Aug. 20, 1985, and entitled "Method And Composition For Treating Post-Herpetic Neuralgia;" both patents issued to the applicant herein. ... While capsaicin is useful in treating painful neurological and other disorders, its utility has been limited by a troublesome adverse reaction which almost invariably accompanies its use. This reaction is a localized stinging and burning sensation, which can be quite severe, on application of capsaicin topically to skin or mucous membranes or on injection into tissues such as the dermis, the cerebrospinal canal or into blood vessels. ... Attempts to reduce or eliminate this adverse effect have had only limited success, and include the incorporation of an anesthetic into the formulation. Since the stinging and burning have been thought to be directly linked to capsaicin's effects on neuropeptides in nerves, and these capsaicin effects on neuropeptides are thought to be crucial to capsaicin's efficacy in relieving pain, it has been considered impossible to significantly reduce the stinging and burning without greatly reducing or eliminating capsaicin's effectiveness. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05063060__ ·
Compositions containing a benzamide disulfide derivative for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX), Hellberg; Mark R. (Arlington, TX), Feng; Zixia (Arlington, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Universal Ltd. (Hunenberg, CH) Patent Number: 6,492,418 Date filed: April 25, 2001 Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The compositions contain a mast cell stabilizing disulfide derivative as an active ingredient. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment of allergic diseases. More particularly, the present invention relates to therapeutic and prophylactic use of certain disulfide derivatives for treating or preventing allergic diseases. ... Antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers are two types of drugs currently used topically to treat allergic diseases. Antihistamine drugs are used to interrupt the allergic effects that histamine causes after it has been released from a mast cell. Many topical antihistamine drugs are marketed. For example, emedastine difumarate and levocabastine hydrochloride are available for ocular allergies (see Ophthalmic Drug Facts 1999, Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, Mo., pp. 59-80). ... Mast cell stabilizers prevent mast cells from "degranulating" or releasing histamine and other components or "mediators" during an allergic reaction. Examples of ophthalmic drugs marketed as mast cell stabilizers include olopatadine (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,805) and cromolyn sodium.
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Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06492418__ ·
Compositions containing histamine H2 agonists and methods of use in treating allergy and inflammation Inventor(s): Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX), Gamache; Daniel A. (Arlington, TX), Yanni; John M. (Burleson, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Laboratories, Inc. (Fort Worth, TX) Patent Number: 6,225,332 Date filed: October 20, 1998 Abstract: Compositions containing histamine H.sub.2 agonists and methods of use for treating allergy and inflammation of the eye are disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed to compositions containing histamine H.sub.2 agonists and methods for their use in treating allergy and inflammation. The H.sub.2 agonists of the present invention stabilize human conjunctival mast cells. The compositions are used to prevent allergic responses while also treating existing allergic conditions present in the eye. The invention is also directed to methods of preventing and treating allergic responses with the compositions. ... The eye, particularly the conjunctiva, has a relatively large number of mast cells. When allergens are present, they can bind to immunoglobulins on the surface of these mast cells and trigger the release of cellular contents, known as degranulation. Upon degranulation, mast cell components, including histamine, are released into the environment outside the mast cell. Through a variety of mechanisms, these components can be responsible for symptoms associated with allergic responses such as itching, redness, lid swelling, vasodilatation and chemosis. ... Various therapies have been pursued in order to treat the symptoms of allergies. For example, such therapy has included the use of antiallergics and histamine H,-receptor antagonists (anti-histamines). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06225332__
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Compositions for treating allergic and other disorders using norastemizole in combination with other active ingredients Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 6,384,054 Date filed: September 20, 2001 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of astemizole for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the astemizole. The metabolic derivatives of astemizole are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of astemizole. For example, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole, in combination with non-steroidal anti-
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inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole are useful in treating motion sickness, vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel complications due to diabetes and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06384054__ ·
Compound and method for the prevention and/or the treatment of allergy Inventor(s): Saint-Remy; Jean-Marie (Grez-Doiceau, BE), Jacquemin; Marc (Sart-Bernard, BE) Assignee(s): Leuven Research & Development VZW (Leuven, BE) Patent Number: 6,602,509 Date filed: July 29, 1999 Abstract: The present invention is related to a compound for the prevention and/or the treatment of allergy consisting of:at least one allergen antigenic determinant which is recognized by a B cell or an antibody secreted by a B cell of a non-atopic individual to said allergen, andat least one antigenic determinant of an antigen different from said allergen which triggers T cell activation. Excerpt(s): This application claims Foreign Priority under 35 USC .sctn.119 (a-d) of EPO Application No. 98870167.8 filed Jul. 30, 1998. ... The present invention is related to a new compound and a new method for the prevention and/or the treatment of allergy and/or diseases of allergic origin, particularly immediate hypersensitivity allergy. ... Immediate hypersensitivity is a form of allergic reaction which develops very quickly, namely within seconds or minutes of exposure of the patient to the causative allergen. This immediate reaction can be followed by a second reaction of delayed onset that can
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lead to inflammatory changes in the target organ and manifests itself by chronic symptoms such as asthma or atopic dermatitis. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06602509__ ·
Compounds and methods for treatment of asthma, allergy and inflammatory disorders Inventor(s): Scannell; Ralph (Hopkinson, MA), Chatelain; Pierre (Pierre, BE), ToyPalmer; Anna (Arlington, MA), Differding; Edmond (Louvain-La-Neuve, BE), Ellis; James (Boxford, MA), Lassoie; Marie-Agnes (Brainele-Chateau, BE), Cai; Xiong (Belmont, MA), Hussoin; Sajjat (Lexington, MA), Grewal; Gurmit (Natick, MA), Lewis; Timothy (Framingham, MA) Assignee(s): UCB, S.A. (Brussels, BE) Patent Number: 6,451,801 Date filed: March 24, 2000 Abstract: The present invention provides 1,4 substituted piperazines, 1,4 substituted piperidines, and 1-substituted, 4-alkylidenyl peperidines compounds. The compounds of the invention are dual acting molecules having both leukotriene inhibition properties as well as antihistaminergic properties. The compounds of the invention are useful for treating conditions in which there is likely to be a histamine and/or leukotriene component. These conditions include preferable asthma, seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, sinusitus, conjunctivitis, food allergy, scombroid poisoning, psoriasis, urticaria, pruritus, eczema, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thrombotic disease and otitis media. Also provided are methods of treating asthma and rhinitis by administering an effective asthma and rhinitis-relieving amount of the compounds to a subject in need thereof. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to the field of 1,4 substituted piperazines, 1,4 substituted piperidines, and 1-substituted, 4-alkylidenyl piperidines. ... Leukotrienes are potent local mediators, playing a major role in inflammatory and allergic responses including arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, and thrombotic disease. Leukotrienes are straight chain eicosanoids produced by the oxidation of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenases. Arachidonic acid is oxidized by 5-lipoxygenase and ultimately converted to leukotrienes A4, B4, C4, D4 or E4. 15-Lipoxygenase is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to various biologically active metabolites including 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). Both of these mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of airway and allergic diseases such as asthma by contributing to bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and eosinophil migration. A mixture of one or more of such leukotrienes are known to be potent bronchoconstrictors. Thus, leukotrienes have been shown to play an important role in the pathology of asthma. Rigorous proof for the role of leukotrienes in asthma has been provided by several pivotal clinical trials in which orally administered 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors (or LTD4 receptor antagonists) produce clear therapeutic benefit in asthma patients. These benefits include reduction in the use of classic asthma therapies such as beta agonists and corticosteroids. ... It is well known in the art that certain hydroxyurea- and hydroxyamide-substituted aromatic compounds can function as 5-LO inhibitors. For example, WO 92/09567 and WO 92/09566 disclose a wide variety of N-hydroxyurea and hydroxamic acid compounds as inhibitors of the lipoxygenase enzyme. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06451801__
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Compounds for the treatment of inflammation and allergy Inventor(s): Johnson; Malcolm (Ware, GB3), Whelan; Clifford J. (Ware, GB3) Assignee(s): Glaxo Group Limited (London, GB2) Patent Number: 5,283,268 Date filed: March 4, 1992 Abstract: The present invention provides a new medical use for the dichloroaniline 4amino-3,5-dichloro-.alpha.-[[[6-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]hexyl]amino]methy l]benzenemethanol and its enantiomers, and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof in the treatment of inflammation, allergy and allergic reaction. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a new medical use for the dichloroaniline compound 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-.alpha.-[[[6-[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]hexyl]am ino]methyl]benzenemethanol, physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them which are disclosed in published UK Patent Specification No. 2187734A, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, and allergic reaction. ... Acute inflammation is the result of a number of processes including the activation of inflammatory cells and their accumulation in tissues; the local release of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic mediators; and vascular permeability changes which lead to plasma protein extravasation (PPE) and oedema formation. ... One particular clinical condition with which inflammatory processes are associated is bronchial asthma. As reported by S. T. Holgate, Postgrad. Med. J., 64, 82-95 (1988), bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease characterised by episodic bronchoconstriction, airway hyper-reactivity, inflammation and mucus abnormalities. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05283268__
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Compounds which inhibit human conjunctival mast cell degranulation for treating ocular allergic-type complications Inventor(s): Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX), Hellberg; Mark R. (Arlington, TX), Yanni; John M. (Burleson, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Laboratories, Inc. (Fort Worth, TX), Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 6,225,327 Date filed: October 7, 1998 Abstract: Composition and methods for treating ocular allergic reactions are disclosed. In particular, the invention is directed to compounds which inhibit human conjunctival mast cell degranulation. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to compositions comprising compounds which stabilize human conjunctival mast cells. The compositions are used to prevent allergic responses while also treating existing allergic conditions present in the eye. The invention is also directed to methods of preventing and treating allergic responses with the compositions. ... The eye, particularly the conjunctiva, has a relatively large number of mast cells. When allergens are present, they can bind to immunoglobulins on the surface of these mast cells and trigger the breakdown, or what is known as the degranulation, of the cell. Upon degranulation, mast cell components, including
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histamine, are released into the environment outside the mast cell. Through a variety of mechanisms, these components can be responsible for symptoms associated with allergic responses such as itching, redness, lid swelling, vasodilatation and chemosis. ... Various therapies have been pursued in order to treat the symptoms of allergies. For example, such therapy has included the use of anti-allergics and anti-histamines. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06225327__ ·
Coumarin derivatives for the treatment of allergies Inventor(s): Buckle; Derek Richard (Redhill, EN), Smith; Harry (Maplehurst, near Horsham, EN), Cantello; Barrie Christian Charles (Horsham, EN) Assignee(s): Beecham Group Limited (EN) Patent Number: 3,974,289 Date filed: April 15, 1974 Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of allergies are produced using coumarin derivatives as the active agent. Certain of these compounds and their salts are novel. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions which are useful in the inhibition of the effects of certain types of antigen-antibody reactions, and are therefore of value in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with allergic or immunological reactions, e.g. certain types of asthma and hay-fever and also in the treatment of rhinitis. The invention also includes a number of new 3-nitrocoumarins and a method for their preparation. ... and the salts of compound (I) are also active. In formula (I) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, hydroxy, nitro, or halogen groups or any two of the groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached complete a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system. However, a search of the chemical literature has revealed that not all the members of class (I) are novel compounds. ... Although the above compounds have been reported in the literature, no form of useful biological activity has been ascribed to them. Likewise there has been in the literature, no suggestion that such compounds are likely to possess any form of useful biological activity and in particular the discovery that they have anti-allergic activity has not been predicted in any way. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US03974289__
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Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) treatment in allergic disease Inventor(s): Armstrong; Hepburn T. (Vista, CA), Wise; John A. (San Marcos, CA), Armstrong; Ernest T. (San Diego, CA) Assignee(s): Allergy Limited (Costa Mesa, CA) Patent Number: 6,255,294 Date filed: December 28, 1999 Abstract: Vitamin B.sub.12 is administered to allergy patients via mucosal membranes in a series of lozenges and other patient friendly transmucosal modes of delivery given repeatedly over a period of time to reduce the symptoms and IgE antibodies associated with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), and allergic asthma.
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Excerpt(s): The invention relates to the use of nutritional supplements to treat disease. It relates particularly to treatment of IgE-type allergies, such as allergic rhinitis (hayfever) and allergic asthma, by the repeated administration over a period of time of vitamin B.sub.12, preferably cyanocobalamin, to reduce the symptoms associated with such allergic diseases. ... The symptoms of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and allergic asthma, can be caused by a variety of atopic allergens, such as grasses, trees, weeds, animal dander, insects, molds, drugs and chemicals. These allergic diseases are mediated by an antibody known as immunoglobulin E, or simply IgE. AntiIgE medicines that reduce IgE levels are attractive treatments for allergy patients. ... IgE bonds to mast cells and basophils. Upon combination of a specific allergen with IgE bound to mast cells or basophils, the IgE may be crosslinked on the cell surface, resulting in the physiological effects of IgE-antigen interaction. This may result in the release of histamine, serotonin, heparin, a chemotactic factor for eosinoplylic leukocytes and/or the leukotrienes, C4, D4 and E4, which cause prolonged constriction of bronchial smooth muscle cells. These released substances are the mediators which result in allergic symptoms. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06255294__ ·
Cysteine protease inhibitors for use in treatment of IGE mediated allergic diseases Inventor(s): Johnson; Tony (Ely, GB), Hart; Terrance (Cambridge, GB), Laing; Peter (Cambridge, GB), Shakib; Farouk (Nottingham, GB), Quibell; Martin (Cambridge, GB) Assignee(s): Peptide Therapeutics Limited (Cambridge, GB) Patent Number: 6,034,066 Date filed: February 26, 1998 Abstract: The invention provides compounds for use in the treatment of allergic diseases including juvenile asthma and eczema. The compounds can inhibit IgE mediated reaction to major environmental and occupational allergens and can also have a prophylactic effect against allergic disease by preventing allergic sensitization to environmental and occupational allergens when administered to at-risk individuals (e.g., those at genetic risk of asthma and those exposed to occupational allergens in the workplace). The compounds are also useful for inactivation or attenuation of the allergenicity of allergens in situ. The invention provides compounds and ligands per se, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, processes for producing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for using the compounds and compositions in treatment or prophylaxis of IgE mediated allergic diseases and in inactivation or attenuation of allergens in situ. The invention also enables the reduction or destruction of the viability of allergy-causing organisms. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to compounds for use in the treatment of allergic diseases including juvenile asthma and eczema. ... Compounds of the invention can inhibit IgE mediated reaction to major environmental and occupational allergens. They can also have a prophylactic effect against allergic disease by preventing allergic sensitisation to environmental and occupational antigens when administered to at-risk individuals (e.g. those at genetic risk of asthma, and those exposed to occupational allergens in the workplace). The compounds of the invention can also be useful for inactivation or attenuation of the allergenicity of allergens in situ. The invention provides novel compounds and ligands per se, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, processes for producing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for using the compounds and compositions in treatment or
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prophylaxis of IgE mediated allergic diseases and in inactivation or attenuation of allergens in situ. The invention also provides means for the reducing or destroying the viability of allergy-causing organisms. ... The invention is made possible by our new understanding of the role of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (FceRII), also known as CD23, in IgE mediated allergic diseases. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06034066__ ·
Derivatives of N-phenylbenzamide with anti-ulcer and anti-allergy Inventor(s): Makovec; Francesco (Monza, IT), Peris; Walter (Milan, IT), Rovati; Angelo L. (Monza, IT) Assignee(s): Rotta Research Laboratorium SpA. (Milan, IT) Patent Number: 5,232,937 Date filed: August 19, 1991 Abstract: Derivatives of N-phenylbenzamide with general formula (1) in which R.sub.1 is a cyano, nitro, halogen, hydrozy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl methyl, methoxy or tetrazol-5yl group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or methoxy, R.sub.3 is a tetrazol-5-yl group or hydrogen, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen if R.sub.3 is tetrazolyl but are independently selected from the group consisting of carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and carbamoyl if R.sub.3 is hydrogen, and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or methyl. The derivatives have an anti-ulcer and anti-allergy activity. Excerpt(s): R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen if R.sub.3 is tetrazolyl or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently selected from the group consisting of carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and the carbamoyl if R.sub.3 is hydrogen, and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or methyl and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. ... These compounds show interesting pharmacological properties in mammals. One of these properties consists of a high degree of regulatory activity on gastric secretion, particularly activity against the secretion of acid when the secretion is stimulated by various agents such as histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin. Another property consists of a protective and healing activity in relation to the gastro-enteric mucous membrane. A further property is that of inhibiting the release of chemical mediators responsible for allergic or immunological reactions. These compounds can thus be used to advantage in the treatment of various disorders in man such as disorders of the digestive system, such as those resulting from gastro-secretory disorders or lesions, that is peptic ulcers, gastro-duodenitis or colitis; or may be used to treat various pathological conditions which can be attributed to hypersensitivity to allergens such as, for example, bronchial asthma, rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis or other pathological conditions of other organs or areas. ... a) in the case of compounds in which the R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 substituents are independently selected from carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and carbamoyl groups and the R.sub.3 substituent is hydrogen, reacting 1-R.sub.4 -3-R.sub.5 -5-amino-phenyl wherein R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the above meaning in an equimolar ratio with the chloride of the suitably-R.sub.1, R.sub.2 substituted benzoic acid, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given above, at a temperature of between about -5.degree. C. and about +20.degree. C., preferably about +5.degree. C., in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate (which serves both to salify the carboxyl functions of the 5amino-isophthalic acid and as an acceptor of hydrochloric acid) or in the presence of a tertiary organic base. The acid chloride can be added as it is or dissolved in a solvent miscible with water (e.g. dioxan, acetone, tetrahydrofuran). The reaction time may vary
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from about half an hour to 24 hours; the reaction can generally be considered to be complete after 12 hours. At this point the reaction mixture is acidified and the desired products are isolated by filtration and purified by crystallisation. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05232937__ ·
Device and method for allergy testing Inventor(s): Maganias; Nicholas H. (Reston Medical Bldg., 1712 Club House Rd., Reston, VA 22090) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,802,493 Date filed: February 17, 1987 Abstract: A method for allergy testing is carried out by: applying to the skin of a patient test strip formed of a thin, flexible strip of adhesive tape a portion of which carries on its adhesive side at least one skin-penetrating lance carrying an allergen; pressing the test strip against the skin to cause temporary adhesion of the strip to the skin and to cause the lance to penetrate the skin to a depth less than the subcutaneous tissue thereby carrying the allergen into the skin and maintaining contact between the allergen and the thus-traumatized skin cells; and leaving the strip in place for a period of time sufficient for the patient's skin, if allergic to the allergen, to produce a visible allergic reaction. The test strip may be transparent so that the skin reaction can be observed through the strip. The strip may include a plurality of closely-spaced lances or a single lance. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a method and device for allergy testing the skin of a patient. ... Testing the skin of a patient for an allergic reaction to any of a variety of allergens is a known technique involving penetration of the allergen into a small area of the skin and subsequently visually observing the reaction, if any, of the skin to the allergen. Known procedures for applying the allergen include the scratch test, the prick test and the intradermal test. The scratch test is carried out by applying a few drops of the allergen to the skin and slightly abrading the skin by scratching at that location. The prick test is similar except that abrasion of the skin is effected by making a plurality of pricks with a sharp needle. The intradermal test is carried out by injecting the allergen into the skin. ... U.S. patents relating to the introduction of biochemical substances into the skin include Krug et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,289,670; Kravitz et al. U.S. Pat. Nos. Re. 25,637, 2,817,336, 3,062,212, 3,136,314 and 3,351,059; Wager et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,893,392, Ganderton et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,097 and Gerstel et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,482. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04802493__
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Dihydropyridine anti-allergic and antiinflammatory agents Inventor(s): Cooper; Kelvin (Deal, GB2), Parry; Michael J. (Deal, GB2), Cross; Peter E. (Canterbury, GB2), Richardson; Kenneth (Birchington, GB2) Assignee(s): Pfizer Inc. (New York, NY) Patent Number: 4,788,205 Date filed: July 20, 1987 Abstract: Certain 4-aryl-5-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines useful in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions in mammals.
214 Allergies
Excerpt(s): This invention relates to dihydropyridines, specifically to certain 4-aryl-5carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines which are useful in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions in humans and animals. ... A number of 1,4-dihydropyridines have been previously described as antiischaemic and antihypertensive agents. These compounds are able to inhibit the movement of calcium into cells and are thus active in the treatment or prevention of a variety of cardiac conditions or as antihypertensive agents. (See for example EP-A-No. 100189.) However the compounds of the present invention are potent and selective antagonists of platelet activating factor and as such they have clinical utility in a quite different area, namely for treating allergic and inflammatory conditions such as asthma and arthritis respectively. ... Platelet activating factor (PAF) 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) is an ether phospholipid whose structure was first elucidated in 1979. It is produced by, released from and interacts with many pro-inflammatory cells, platelets and the kidney. In addition to potent platelet aggregating activity, PAF exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities elicited either directly or via the release of other powerful mediators such as thromboxane A.sub.2 or the leukotrienes. In vitro, PAF stimulates the movement and aggregation of neutrophils and the release therefrom of tissue-damaging enzymes and oxygen radicals. These activities contribute to actions of PAF in vivo consistent with it playing a significant role in inflammatory and allergic responses. Thus, intradermal PAF has been shown to induce an inflammatory response, with associated pain, accumulation of inflammatory cells and increased vascular permeability, comparable with the allergic skin reaction following exposure to allergen. Similarly, both the acute bronchoconstriction and chronic inflammatory reactions elicited by allergens in asthma can be mimicked by intratracheal administration of PAF. Accordingly agents which antagonise the actions of PAF and, consequently also prevent mediator release by PAF, will have clinical utility in the treatment of a variety of allergic, inflammatory and hypersecretory conditions such as asthma, arthritis, rhinitis, bronchitis and urticaria. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04788205__ ·
Dihydropyridine anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agents Inventor(s): Cooper; Kelvin (Deal, GB2), Steele; John (Sandwich, GB2), Richardson; Kenneth (Birchington, GB2) Assignee(s): Pfizer Inc. (New York, NY) Patent Number: 4,859,686 Date filed: January 6, 1989 Abstract: 4-Aryl-3-alkoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-5-carbamyl-2-triazolylalkoxymethyl-1,4-dih yd ropyridines as anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agents. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to dihydropyridines, specifically to certain 4-aryl-5carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridines which are useful in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions in humans and animals. ... A number of 1,4-dihydropyridines have been previously described as antiischaemic and antihypertensive agents. These compounds are able to inhibit the movement of calcium into cells and are thus active in the treatment or prevention of a variety of cardiac conditions or as antihypertensive agents. (See for example EP-A-100189.) However the compounds of the present invention are potent and selective antagonists of platelet activating factor and as such they have clinical utility in a quite different area, namely for treating allergic and inflammatory conditions such as asthma and arthritis respectively. ... Platelet activating
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factor (PAF) 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) is an ether phospholipid whose structure was first elucidated in 1979. It is produced by, released from and interacts with many pro-inflammatory cells, platelets and the kidney. In addition to potent platelet aggregating activity, PAF exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities elicited either directly or via the release of other powerful mediators such as thromboxane A.sub.2 or the leukotrienes. In vitro, PAF stimulates the movement and aggregation of neutrophils and the release therefrom of tissue-damaging enzymes and oxygen radicals. These activities contribute to actions of PAC in vivo consistent with it playing a significant role in inflammatory and allergic responses. Thus, intradermal PAF has been shown to induce an inflammatory response, with associated pain, accumulation of inflammatory cells and increased vascular permeability, comparable with the allergic skin reaction following exposure to allergen. Similarly, both the acute broncho-constriction and chronic inflammatory reactions elicited by allergens in asthma can be mimicked by intratracheal administration of PAF. Accordingly agents which antagonise the actions of PAF and, consequently also prevent mediator release by PAF, will have clinical utility in the treatment of a variety of allergic, inflammatory and hypersecretory conditions such as asthma, arthritis, rhinitis, bronchitis and urticaria. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04859686__ ·
Disposable allergy skin testing kit Inventor(s): Wiley; Fred R. (11735 Shadowglen Rd., El Cajon, CA 92020), Brandon; Milan L. (2800 Third Ave., San Diego, CA 92103) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,104,620 Date filed: July 30, 1990 Abstract: A disposable allergy skin testing kit that is formed from a top layer sheet, a membrane sheet, and a bottom layer sheet. The bottom sheet has a plurality of recesses formed at predetermined locations to form chambers into which a predetermined antigen has been deposited. The membrane sheet covers these chambers and forms a liquid tight seal. The top layer sheet has an aperture formed in it above each of the antigen chambers. A pushbutton needle assembly is mounted in each of these apertures and it has a disk-shaped pushbutton with a needle extending downwardly from its bottom surface. Flexible support arms attached to the edge of the apertures and the disk-shaped pushbutton allow it to be depressed a sufficient distance in order to rupture the antigen chamber and travel downwardly entirely through it so that the needle penetrates into the patient's skin taking antigen with it. A protector sheet is removably received between the top layer sheet and the membrane sheet prior to the allergy skin testing kit being used. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to allergy testing and more specifically to a disposable allergy skin testing kit. ... Presently most allergy testing is done by the prick test method or the intra-dermal test method. The prick test involves putting a drop of antigen on the skin of a person, then pricking the skin just enough to break it and let the antigen be absorbed into the tissue to see if a reaction occurs. The intra-dermal test method requires the antigen to be injected under the skin into the dermal layer, which is a deeper layer of skin. ... One of the most prevelant type of prick test equipment uses disposable allergy test needles whose tips have been dipped into a tray that holds up to 96 wells of antigen extract.
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Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05104620__ ·
Disulfide derivatives useful for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Feng; Zixia (Arlington, TX), Hellberg; Mark R. (Arlington, TX), Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Universal Ltd. (Hunenberg, CH) Patent Number: 6,500,864 Date filed: May 22, 2002 Abstract: Novel disulfide derivatives useful for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The disulfide derivatives act as mast cell stabilizers. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to novel disulfide derivatives useful for treating allergic diseases. ... Antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers are two types of drugs currently used topically to treat allergic diseases. Antihistamine drugs are used to interrupt the allergic effects that histamine causes after it has been released from a mast cell. Many topical antihistamine drugs are marketed. For example, emedastine difumarate and levocabastine hydrochloride are available for ocular allergies (see Ophthalmic Drug Facts 1999, Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, Mo., pp. 59-80). ... Mast cell stabilizers prevent mast cells from "degranulating" or releasing histamine and other components or "mediators" during an allergic reaction. Examples of ophthalmic drugs marketed as mast cell stabilizers include olopatadine (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,805) and cromolyn sodium. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06500864__
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Disulfide derivatives useful for treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Feng; Zixia (Arlington, TX), Hellberg; Mark R. (Arlington, TX), Miller; Steven T. (Arlington, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Universal Ltd. (Hunenberg, CH) Patent Number: 6,506,802 Date filed: May 22, 2002 Abstract: Novel disulfide derivatives useful for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The disulfide derivatives act as mast cell stabilizers. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to novel disulfide derivatives useful for treating allergic diseases. ... Antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers are two types of drugs currently used topically to treat allergic diseases. Antihistamine drugs are used to interrupt the allergic effects that histamine causes after it has been released from a mast cell. Many topical antihistamine drugs are marketed. For example, emedastine difumarate and levocabastine hydrochloride are available for ocular allergies (see Ophthalmic Drug Facts 1999, Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, Mo., pp. 59-80). ... Mast cell stabilizers prevent mast cells from "degranulating" or releasing histamine and other components or "mediators" during an allergic reaction. Examples of ophthalmic drugs
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marketed as mast cell stabilizers include olopatadine (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,805) and cromolyn sodium. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06506802__ ·
Drug for treating affections provoked by a too high histamine level, of the gastroduodenal mucosa and allergic affections Inventor(s): Niebes; Paul J. (Grez-Doiceau, BE), Matagne; Daniel M. (Taviers, BE), Hanon; Etienne P. (Saint-Gilles, BE), Roba; Joseph L. (Dion-Valmont, BE), Lambelin; Georges E. (Forest, BE) Assignee(s): Midit, Societe Fiduciaire (Vaduz, LI) Patent Number: 4,507,314 Date filed: July 20, 1983 Abstract: Drug for treating affections provoked by a too high histamine level in the body, for treating affections of the gastroduodenal mucosa and allergic affections, comprising the reaction product of (+)-catechin with at least one basic amino-acid, which is more particularly selected from the group consisting of L-lysine, L-arginine and L-ornithine. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a drug and a method for treating affections provoked by a too high histamine level in the body, affections of the gastroduodenal mucosa and allergic affections. ... According to the invention the drug comprises the reaction product of (+)-catechin with at least one basic amino-acid. ... According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said drug comprises the reaction product of (+)-catechin with said basic amino-acid and further at least one other organic or inorganic acid. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04507314__
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Effects of misoprostol on allergic responses Inventor(s): Alam; Rafeul (14910 Wilderness Cliff, Houston, TX 77062), Grant; J. Andrew (2914 Beluche St., Galveston, TX 77551) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,252,602 Date filed: October 11, 1991 Abstract: Methods for treating and preventing late-phase allergic reactions with misoprostol in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient are provided. Tablet forms of misoprostol may be administered at doses of between 100 .mu.g and 300 .mu.g. The preparation may be administered alternatively as an aerosol. Late-phase respiratory and cutaneous reactions to dust mites, food and occupational allergens, pollen, weeds, grass, drugs, animal dander and chemicals may be treated with the described misoprostolcontaining agents. Urticaria, contact dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis are conditions which may be treated according to the presently disclosed methods and pharmaceutical agents. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the field of methods for treating and preventing late-phase allergic reactions, such as late-phase cutaneous allergic reactions.
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The present invention also relates to the field of treatments for inflammatory diseases, allergic rhinitis, asthma, contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis, and urticaria. The present invention also relates to the field of pharmaceutical agents, as a pharmaceutical antiallergy agent for treating a late phase allergic response in an animal is also provided. ... Prostaglandins (PGE) have historically been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation. This group of chemical mediators are known to have a variety of diverse functions, including the modulation of inflammatory cells. For example, the E series of prostaglandins inhibits the activity of many inflammatory cells. PGE prevents the synthesis of cytokines by monocytes and blocks the release of mediators from polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and basophils. They also affect the function of lymphocytes. ... Theories surrounding the current understanding of the pathophysiology of allergic diseases has changed significantly in recent years. Initially considered as a disorder of mast cells, it is now increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. The involvement of eosinophils, lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils has also been recently appreciated. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05252602__ ·
Electrode for non-invasive allergy testing Inventor(s): Kraft; Thomas L. (Houston, TX), Vick; Howard A. (Missouri City, TX), Meador; James W. (Houston, TX), Johnson; Corrine () Assignee(s): KVM Engineering, Inc. (Houston, TX) Patent Number: 4,809,707 Date filed: April 12, 1985 Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrode for performing a plurality of allergy tests on a patient undergoing tests. The allergy electrode consists of a plurality of individual testing electrodes and a single common electrode. Each of the testing electrodes includes allergen delivery apparatus and a temperature sensor. The allergen is contained in a removable allergen impregnated pad. If a dry allergen is used, it may be hydrolized with a drop of distilled water prior to application. A small electric charge charges a charge plate on one side of the allergen pad and a common ring on the electrodes is grounded in circuit with the charging plate, thereby causing electric field to transfer the allergen through the pores of the skin. The area surrounding the allergen delivery area is sensed for temperature by a thin film temperature sensor and a rigid temperature conducted base. A thermistor or other temperature to voltage transducer converts the sensed temperature to an electric voltage which is applied through appropriate differential amplifiers and multiplexer to an analog to digital converter. The digital data is then stored by a microprocessor in random access memory. An output device can be connected to receive the stored data and the time at which it was stored so as to manifest to the physician the change in temperature of the tested area with respect to time. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to an electrode for allergy testing and more particularly an electrode of the type for non-invasively providing an allergen transcutaneously into the patient's body and thereafter automatically determining whether an allergic reaction has occurred and the degree of any such reaction. ... Testing for allergies has been the standard medical technique for many years. In recent years it has become more important as many patient disorders have been found to be based on some type of allergic response. Traditionally, testing for allergies have included the traditional skin test and more recently the RAST test. The traditional skin test is
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exemplified by either a scratch test or a needle injection test. In either case, the skin is fractured and an allergen substance of the allergy being tested is placed on the skin puncture. Where an allergic reaction occurs, the area around the puncture swells and turns a reddish color. Generally, the degree of the allergic reaction is measured by measuring the diameter of the wheal or red mark on the skin. However such measurement is only semi quantitative in that different reactions quantitatively do not generate sufficient differences in the diameter of the wheal in all instances. The RAST test is widely used where the allergy is a IgE mediated allergy. This type of test is very expensive and is performed on the blood serum. ... Both of the prior art types of testing have several draw backs. First and foremost with respect to the traditional skin test some patients risk infection, undergo great pain and even can go into shock as a result of an allergic reaction to the injected allergen. This risk can of course be reduced by utilizing very small amounts of allergen, but then many allergic reactions will not occur. Thus, it will be necessary to perform the traditional skin test a multitude of times with increasing amounts of allergen. Such a solution is both expensive and painful to the patient as well as time consuming. Other disadvantages of course, are the pain the patient suffers generally both as a result of the testing procedure due to puncturing the skin as well as the resulting allergic reaction wheal which is formed. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04809707__ ·
Glyco/proteinaceous materials derivable from beef liver and other tissues useful for the treatment of toxic and allergic conditions Inventor(s): Karler; Arthur (933 Shevlin Dr., El Cerrito, CA 94530), Ream, deceased; Milton R. (288 Miramontes Rd., LATE OF Oakland, CA), Ream, executor; by Allen K. (288 Miramontes Rd., Woodside, CA 94062) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,169,139 Date filed: July 6, 1976 Abstract: Mucoprotides (i.e., complex compounds of protein with carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives) derived from animal tissues, for example, mammalian liver by a succession of extractive steps including treatment with acetone to produce three layers or phases of which the upper two are separated and further processed, the bottom layer being discarded. The retained layers are further treated to purify and deantigenize them. The product is useful for treatment of allergic conditions, as a detoxicant and for treatment of narcotics addiction. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to certain derivatives of animal tissues, notably mammalian liver, but also certain other organs, such derivatives having biological activity including de-toxifying effects, utility in the treatment of allergic conditions, and the treatment of narcotics addiction. ... The invention relates also to similar naturally occurring materials derived from other sources such as yeast. Such materials are identifiable by their infrared transmittance spectrum. ... This invention relates more particularly to proteinaceous derivatives of mammalian liver (and of other sources) which has a protide component as the principal component but which also has a significant carbohydrate component hereinafter referred to as mucoid, the biological and therapeutic properties of these derivatives being dependent on the chemical combinations of protide and mucoid. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04169139__
220 Allergies
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Human leucocyte pepsin-like enzyme as a therapeutic agent for treating allergic disorders and immune complex diseases Inventor(s): Ohnishi; Haruo (Funabashi, JP), Kosuzume; Hiroshi (Yokohama, JP), Suzuki; Yasuo (Kawaguchi, JP), Mochida; Ei (Tokyo, JP) Assignee(s): Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 4,591,504 Date filed: May 26, 1983 Abstract: This invention provides a human leucocyte pepsin-like enzyme and a therapeutic agent and method for treating allergic disorders, immune complex diseases and tumors, the agent containing the enzyme as an effective ingredient. The human leucocyte pepsin-like enzyme of this invention is a protein of human origin and, therefore, a therapeutic agent containing said enzyme as an effective ingredient shows extremely little adverse reactions such as anaphylaxis and thus is highly safe. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a human leucocyte pepsin-like enzyme, method for preparation of the enzyme, and method and a therapeutic agent for treating allergic disorders, immune complex diseases and tumors, said agent containing said enzyme as an effective ingredient. ... Allergic disorders are caused by an allergic reaction which, as a result of an antigen-antibody reaction, brings about a pathogenesis in a living organism. The mechanism of pathogenesis of allergic disorders is believed to follow the following course. When exposed to a pathogenic antigen, a living organism produces antibodies. The second attack of the same antigen causes an antigen-antibody reaction and, as a result, chemical mediators are released from the cells. These mediators damage tissues and/or the formed antigen-antibody complexes are deposited on the tissues, causing allergic disorders or autoimmune disorders. Among various pathogenic antigens are included xenogenic antigens, such as inhaled allergen, food allergen, drugs, contact allergen, and allogenic or autolous antigens which originate from autologus components of the tissues or organs denatured for some reason and thereby behaving as foreign substances. ... So-called allergic disorders caused by enogenic antigens, such as bronchial asthma, food allergy or urticaria, are classified into four types according to their symptoms or causes. That is, they are classified into Type I allergies (anaphylactictype) resulting from tissue-depositing antibodies and characterized by increased capillary permeability and smooth muscle contraction, Type II allergies (cytotoxic-type) resulting in the presence of complements and characterized by cell damage, Type III allergies (Arthus-type) resulting from the deposition of antigen-body complexes on vacular walls and subsequent participation of complements and polymorphonuclear leucocytes and characterized by inflammatory reactions, and Type IV allergies resulting from cell-mediated immunity and characterized by the appearance of delayed hypersensitivitiy such as Tuberculin reaction. Among the allergic reactions, Types I, III and IV allergies participate in, for example, bronchial asthma and each of these reactions is considered independently or in combination to cause asthma attack. The pathogenic mechanism of these allergic disorders can be considered to act as follows. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04591504__
Patents 221
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IL-4 receptor for the therapy, prophylaxis and diagnosis of allergic, viral, and bacterial diseases and of fungal infections Inventor(s): Enssle; Karlheinz (Marburg-Michelbach, DE), Kurrle; Roland (Niederweimar, DE), Lauffer; Leander (Gladenbach, DE), Seiler; Friedrich-Robert (Marburg, DE) Assignee(s): Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH (Franfurt am Main, DE) Patent Number: 6,210,661 Date filed: August 5, 1996 Abstract: The IL-4 receptor for the therapy, prophylaxis and diagnosis of allergic, viral, parasitic and bacterial diseases and of fungal infections. The invention relates to the il-4 receptor or variants thereof for the therapy, prophylaxis and diagnosis of allergic, viral, parasitic and bacterial diseases and of fungal infections. Excerpt(s): The therapy and prophylaxis of many allergic, viral, parasitic and bacterial diseases remain a serious problem. The invention relates to the use of the IL-4 receptor or of derivatives thereof for the therapy, prophylaxis and diagnosis of such diseases. ... It is known that in the course of some parasitic, viral and bacterial diseases there are changes in subpopulations of lymphocytic and monocytic cells. This relates, for example, to the increased occurrence of so-called T-helper cells of type 2 (called TH2 cells hereinafter). T cells can in general be divided into subpopulations on the basis of surface markers and on the basis of their function. Thus, for example, T-helper lymphocytes carry CD4 surface molecules and, after their activation, secrete cytokines. ... Analyses of the cytokine pattern of cloned T-helper cells from healthy mice or mice stimulated with allogeneic cells revealed that these cells produce interleukin-2, interleukin-4, gamma-interferon, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and lymphotoxin (T-helper cells of the so-called THO type). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06210661__
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Immunoactive peptides and antibodies and their use in anti-allergy treatment Inventor(s): Stanworth; Denis Raymond (Birmingham, GB), Lewin; Ian Victor (Tamworth, GB), Nayyar; Sarita (Wolverhampton, GB), Jones; Valerie (Gwynedd, GB) Assignee(s): Peptide Therapeutics Limited (Cambridge, GB) Patent Number: 5,955,076 Date filed: June 7, 1995 Abstract: An immunogen comprising a residue of a histamine-releasing peptide comprising a cationic N-terminal head and a hydrophobic C-terminal tail, together with a residue capable of eliciting antibodies against said peptide whilst inhibiting histamine release by said peptide is useful in anti-allergy treatment. Preferably the histaminereleasing peptide is of formula:Lys-Thr-Lys-Gly-Ser-Gly-Phe-Phe-Val-Phe,optionally amidated at the C terminal.Antibodies to the histamine-releasing peptide are useful for passive immunisation. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed towards the inhibition of interactions which would normally cause the release of histamine and other mediators between cellbound IgE linked to an allergen and the cell. ... Allergic symptoms are brought about through the release of vasoactive amines (mediators), notably histamine, from cells into the surrounding tissue and vascular structures. Histamine is normally stored in special
222 Allergies
cells known as mast cells and basophil leucocytes. The mast cells are dispersed throughout animal tissue whilst the basophils circulate within the vascular system. These cells manufacture and store histamine within the cell unless a specialised sequence of events occurs to trigger its release. ... Active sites, depending on their function, may already be exposed and therefore able to bind to cellular receptors. Alternatively, they may be hidden until the antibody binds to the antigen, whereupon the antibody may change in structure and subsequently expose other active sites which can then trigger a specific immune activity. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05955076__ ·
Immunoanalysis of basophil-containing blood fraction for diagnosing parasitoses and allergies Inventor(s): Leynadier; Francisque (Paris, FR), Luce; Herve (Paris, FR) Assignee(s): Institut Pasteur (Paris, FR) Patent Number: 4,640,897 Date filed: May 2, 1983 Abstract: The reagent is constituted by a suspension of basophil granulocytes bearing specific IgE's, containing from 300 to 1000 basophils per mm.sup.3. This suspension is obtained from a blood sample taken from a human or animal patient, by means of a liquid of density 1.079-1.085. It is deposited in the various wells of a diagnosis read-out slide or the like, for diagnosing parasitoses or allergies. The diagnosis method is applied particularly to worm parasitoses which causes an increase in the circulating specific IgE's. The diagnosis may be carried by using ready-for-use kits. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a diagnosis reagent for parasitoses and allergies, to a method for the preparation of this reagent, and to a method of diagnosis of parasitoses and of allergies, notably worm parasitoses which causes an increase in the circulating specific immunoglobulins, such as IgE, IgG.sub.4 IgM, by means of this reagent. ... Protection of man and of domestic animals against parasitic diseases represents one of the great world problems in the field of public health. If the developed countries have resolved a certain number of their parasitological problems, without, however, having entirely eliminated them, parasitoses still constitutes a major obstacle to the economic development of many countries, and in particular of countries in the hot regions of the globe, which are those which must reckon with the greatest human proliferation. ... It is essential, in order to undertake an effective fight against the scourge represented by parasitoses, to be able to carry out a positive, reliable and early diagnosis of parasitoses. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04640897__
Patents 223
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Immunoglobulin E receptor .alpha.-chain inhibits IgE production and secondary allergic responses Inventor(s): Ra; Chisei (14-13, Hanazono 2-chome, Hanamigawa-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, JP), Naito; Koji (Osaka, JP), Hirama; Minoru (Osaka, JP), Okumura; Ko (Chiba, JP), Yanagihara; Yukiyoshi (Tokyo, JP) Assignee(s): Ra; Chisei (Chiba, JP), The Green Cross Corporation (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,874,404 Date filed: May 3, 1994 Abstract: Disclosed is an antiallergic composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a peptide which is capable of binding to human IgE, more specifically the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor .alpha.-chain or a soluble fragment, which is capable of binding to human IgE, or the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor .alpha.-chain. The composition is clinically useful for blocking allergic responses. An animal model for use in the screening of prophylactic and therapeutic compositions for IgE-related diseases is also disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to compositions containing, methods of producing and methods of using peptides which are capable of binding to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). More particularly, the invention relates to a prophylactic and/or therapeutic composition for allergic diseases which comprises a high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor .alpha.-chain (Fc.epsilon.RI.alpha.) or a soluble fragment of such a high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor .alpha.-chain (sFc.epsilon.RI.alpha.) which is capable of binding to human IgE. The present invention also relates to a method of preventing or treating an allergic response in human, a process for producing sFc.epsilon.RI.alpha. using genetic engineering techniques and an animal cell carrying a DNA coding for sFc.epsilon.RI.alpha.. The present invention further relates to an animal model for use in the screening of prophylactic and therapeutic compositions for IgErelated diseases. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting production of IgE. ... Type I allergy is an inflammatory response which is elicited as the invasion of exogenous agents into the body triggers release of various enzymes and chemical mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, from mast cells and eosinophils, which in turn induce tissue-damaging inflammations. The allergic response, when generalized, can lead to a systemic and often life threatening reaction known as anaphylactic shock. ... The agents which trigger an anaphylactic shock response include various drugs such as penicillin and insulin, sources of desensitizing allergens such as ticks and fungi, dietary allergens such as eggs and peanuts, iodinecontaining contrast media, local anesthetics and so on. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05874404__
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Immunotoxin therapy of allergy Inventor(s): Whitaker, Jr.; Robert B. (R.R. 1, Box 936, Turner, ME 04282) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,714,759 Date filed: December 2, 1985
224 Allergies
Abstract: A product and process for treating allergy are described. An immunotoxin specific for the IgE isotype is used to eliminate the IgE producing B-lymphocytes responsible for allergy. Excerpt(s): This invention relates generally to immunotoxins and more particularly to immunotoxin therapy of allergy. ... Allergy is a hypersensitive state induced by an exaggerated immune response to a foreign agent. The body's allergic reaction to the foreign agent can range from minor inflammation and discomfort to death. Allergy affects the lives of millions, often dictating what people can eat, touch and smell and even where people can live. ... Current treatment for allergy focuses on two approaches. One treats only the symptoms of allergy, utilizing drugs such as antihistamines. This approach often entails repeated doses and can involve undesirable side effects. Moreover, it acts only to treat symptoms, not the underlying condition responsible for the hypersensitive state. Another approach, desensitization therapy, involves injection with specific allergens. Patient-specific allergens must first be recognized. Then the patient is injected repeatedly with low doses of the allergens. This approach can involve discomfort and can require as many as 50 visits to a doctor. Moreover, the allergen to which the patient is hypersensitive cannot always be identified, making desensitization treatment impossible. Neither of the above approaches, in addition to the drawbacks already cited, can guarantee the elimination of the hypersensitive state. Likewise, neither can protect against the development of a hypersensitive state. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04714759__ ·
In vitro method for determining allergic hypersensitivity Inventor(s): Marinkovich; Vincent A. (Palo Alto, CA) Assignee(s): GTE New Ventures Corporation (Stamford, CT) Patent Number: 4,031,197 Date filed: July 7, 1975 Abstract: Allergic hypersensitivity of a number of patients to a large number of allergens is determined by coating a sheet of cellulosic material on both sides with an adherent hydrophobic material so as to leave a plurality of uncoated islands on one side of the sheet which are in register with a plurality of uncoated islands on the other side of the sheet and with the islands so placed that they lie in horizontal and vertical rows on the sheet, contacting each vertical row of islands with a separate identified allergen, contacting each horizontal row of islands with the serum of a patient, contacting all of the islands with an anti-IgE specific antiserum labeled with either a fluorescent material or a radioactive material and then identifying the islands containing fluorescent or radioactive material. Apparatus for carrying out the determination is described. Excerpt(s): Approximately ten percent of all human beings can be designated allergic or atopic. They have become sufficiently hypersensitive to substances commonly present in the environment to experience significant symptoms of exposure to these substances. The majority suffer from readily identifiable allergic symptoms such as hayfever, asthma, eczema, hives and localized swellings. Regardless of symptoms, the preferred methods of therapy are either to remove the patient from the substance to which he is sensitive or, failing that, to treat the patient with increasing doses of the substance and thereby elevate his threshold for reaction. The allergic symptoms are induced by the presence of allergens in the substances to which the individuals are sensitive. An allergen may be defined by first defining an antigen which is a substance that can
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stimulate the production of antibody in an animal, the produced antibody is specifically reactive with the antigen. An allergen is a special antigen which stimulates a synthesis of a class of antibody which causes allergy. Before either of the methods of therapy noted above can be applied, it is necessary to identify the allergen. Currently, allergic hypersensitivity is determined by direct skin tests on patients. In the skin tests minute quantities of various allergens are injected into or under the skin, visible but usually readily tolerated lesions will appear on the skin of the patient at the point of injection of an allergen to which the patient is hypersensitive. The skin test has limitations. It does not work well in either the very young or the very old, there is some risk to the patient during skin testing and there are relatively few physicians expert in performing and interpreting skin tests so that this method cannot be made widely available and the method is a costly one. An in vitro system for assaying allergic hypersensitivity would be simpler, safer and cheaper than the skin test method. Such a system has not heretofore been available. ... Pursuant to the present invention hypersensitivity to a large number of allergens is determined in vitro by testing a small sample of the blood serum of the patient. Briefly, the method consists in bonding a plurality of separate allergens to an elongated porous support body to form a series of narrow bands of bonded allergen separated by narrow bands of allergen-free support, then contacting the allergen bonded support with blood serum of the patient, then contacting the support with anti-immunoglobulin E specific antiserum labeled with either a fluorescent material or with a radioactive material, washing the support to remove unreacted immunoglobulin E anitserum and then identifying those bands containing the fluorescent or radioactive material. The presence of either fluorescent material or radioactive material on a particular band indicates that the allergen initially placed on that band is an allergen to which the patient is hypersensitive. The method may be varied to permit the testing of sera from a number of patients to determine hypersensitivity to a number of allergens by coating a large cellulosic sheet with a water impervious coating but leaving a plurality of uncoated islands on the sheet. The islands are so arranged that each island lies in a vertical row of islands and also in a horizontal row of islands. Each horizontal row of islands is contacted with a separate allergen with the result that the islands in each vertical row are each impregnated with a different allergen. Each vertical row of islands is then contacted with the serum of a different patient to permit allergen-sera reactions. The sheet is then washed and contacted with labeled anti-immunoglobulin E specific antiserum. The sheet is then washed and read. Each island in a vertical row that shows the presence of the labeling agent indicates hypersensitivity of the patient whose serum contacted that row to the specific allergen with which that specific island is impregnated. ... The appended drawings illustrate three methods of preparing bodies of cellulosic material having narrow bands of separate identified allergens distributed along the length of the body of material. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04031197__ ·
Indolopyrones having anti-allergic activity Inventor(s): Brown; Richard E. (Hanover, NJ), Unangst; Paul C. (Ann Arbor, MI) Assignee(s): Warner-Lambert Company (Morris Plains, NJ) Patent Number: 4,188,326 Date filed: March 20, 1978 Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted indolopyrones which have utility in preventing allergic and asthmatic reactions in mammals.
226 Allergies
Excerpt(s): The reaction is conveniently carried out in a polar aprotic solvent as, for example, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, phentydrone and the like. ... The substituted indoxylic acid esters are known compounds and are easily prepared by the methods described in the literature for this class of compounds. In structures II and III, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as before defined; R.sub.6 is a lower alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ... In the second step, the .beta.-ketosulfone of Structure III is treated with a lower alkyl halide or tosylate having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a strong base and is thereby converted to a compound of structure III wherein R.sub.4 is lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04188326__ ·
Interleukin-2 stimulated T lymphocyte cell death for the treatment of allergic responses Inventor(s): Lenardo; Michael J. (Potomac, MD) Assignee(s): The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,989,546 Date filed: June 7, 1995 Abstract: A method for the treatment or prevention of allergic disorders is provided, comprising inducing the death by apoptosis of a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that is capable of causing such diseases, while leaving substantially unaffected the majority of other T lymphocytes. Cell death is achieved by cycle(s) comprising challenging via immunization these T cells with antigenic substance at short time intervals, or by immunization followed by administering interleukin-2 (IL-2) when these T cells are expressing high levels of IL-2 receptor so as to cause these T cells to undergo apoptosis upon re-immunization with the antigenic peptide or protein. These methods are applicable to the treatment of allergic disorders such as hay fever, extrinsic asthma, or insect bite and sting allergies, and food and drug allergies. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment and prevention of diseases that are primarily due to T cell immune responses. In particular, it relates to the suppression or elimination of certain autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and allergic disorders by treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the specific antigen involved, thus allowing the killing of the subpopulation of T cells that recognizes this specific antigen. In this manner, IL-2 pretreatment sensitizes T cells to undergo programmed cell death following T cell receptor engagement. ... Stimulation of the .alpha..beta. antigen receptor of mature T lymphocytes can lead to either proliferation or programmed cell death (1-4). Programmed cell death, termed apoptosis, is one mechanism for the clonal deletion of both thymocytes and mature T cells that establishes tolerance (5-9). A minor population (approximately 5%) of T lymphocytes of unknown function, termed .gamma..delta. cells, has been shown to undergo apoptosis following IL-2 treatment and antigenic stimulation (28). The role of apoptosis in the normal immune response, and the mechanism by which a mature T cell selects between proliferation and death, were not previously understood. ... The present invention arose from the discovery that IL-2 programs mature T cells for antigen-driven death. The T cell death caused by IL-2 followed by antigen stimulation has the hallmarks, such as DNA fragmentation and sensitivity to cyclosporin A, of "programmed cell death" or apoptosis. Thus, IL-2 acts as a death cytokine that will cause the demise only of T cells that are specifically stimulated through their antigen receptor. This novel use of a previously undiscovered property of
Patents 227
IL-2 will allow the specific elimination of certain classes of antigen receptor-bearing T cells, forming the basis for new clinical applications of IL-2. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05989546__ ·
Interleukin-2 stimulated T lymphocyte cell death for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergic responses, and graft rejection Inventor(s): Lenardo; Michael J. (Potomac, MD) Assignee(s): The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 6,083,503 Date filed: September 15, 1993 Abstract: A method for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases, allergic or atopic disorders, and graft rejection is provided, comprising inducing the death by apoptosis of a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that is capable of causing such diseases, while leaving substantially unaffected the majority of other T lymphocytes. Cell death is achieved by cycle(s) comprising challenging via immunization these T cells with antigenic substance at short time intervals, or by immunization followed by administering interleukin-2 (IL-2) when these T cells are expressing high levels of IL-2 receptor so as to cause these T cells to undergo apoptosis upon re-immunization with the antigenic peptide or protein. These methods are applicable to the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as, for example, multiple sclerosis, uveitis, arthritis, Type I insulin-dependent diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's thyroiditis, autoimmune myocarditis, etc., allergic disorders such as hay fever, extrinsic asthma, or insect bite and sting allergies, food and drug allergies, as well as for the treatment or prevention of graft rejection. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment and prevention of diseases that are primarily due to T cell immune responses. In particular, it relates to the suppression or elimination of certain autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and allergic disorders by treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the specific antigen involved, thus allowing the killing of the subpopulation of T cells that recognizes this specific antigen. In this manner, IL-2 pretreatment sensitizes T cells to undergo programmed cell death following T cell receptor engagement. ... Stimulation of the .alpha..beta. antigen receptor of mature T lymphocytes can lead to either proliferation or programmed cell death (1-4). Programmed cell death, termed apoptosis, is one mechanism for the clonal deletion of both thymocytes and mature T cells that establishes tolerance (5-9). A minor population (approximately 5%) of T lymphocytes of unknown function, termed .gamma..delta. cells, has been shown to undergo apoptosis following IL-2 treatment and antigenic stimulation (28). The role of apoptosis in the normal immune response, and the mechanism by which a mature T cell selects between proliferation and death, were not previously understood. ... The present invention arose from the discovery that IL-2 programs mature T cells for antigen-driven death. The T cell death caused by IL-2 followed by antigen stimulation has hallmarks, such as DNA fragmentation and sensitivity to cyclosporin A, of "programmed cell death" or apoptosis. Thus, IL-2 acts as a death cytokine that will allow the demise only of T cells that are specifically stimulated through their antigen receptor. This novel use of a previously undiscovered property of IL-2 will allow the specific elimination of certain classes of antigen receptor-bearing T cells, forming the basis for new clinical applications of IL-2.
228 Allergies
Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06083503__ ·
Interleukin-4 stimulated T lymphocyte cell death for the treatment of allergic disorders Inventor(s): Lenardo; Michael J. (Potomac, MD), Boehme; Stefen A. (McClean, VA), Critchfield; Jeffrey (Bethesda, MD) Assignee(s): The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,935,575 Date filed: November 30, 1994 Abstract: This invention discloses a method for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases, allergic or atopic disorders and graft rejection. Specifically, it provides a means of killing a specific sub-population of T lymphocytes while leaving the majority of other T lymphocytes in the population unaffected. The sub-population of T lymphocytes are killed by repeatedly challenging the population with an antigen in conjunction with administration of interleukin-4. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment and prevention of diseases that are primarily due to T cell immune responses. In particular, it relates to the suppression or elimination of certain autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and allergic disorders by treatment with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the specific antigen involved, thus allowing the killing of only the subpopulation of T cells that recognizes this specific antigen. In this manner, IL-4 pretreatment sensitizes T cells to undergo programmed cell death following T cell receptor engagement. ... Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in many biological systems (1-5). An apoptotic cell undergoes a specific program of events dependent upon active metabolism that contributes to its own selfdestruction. Distinct morphological changes occur during this process such as membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation. These changes are accompanied by fragmentation of genomic DNA into pieces constituting one to several nucleosomes. In the final stages, the cell disintegrates into apoptotic bodies that are specifically recognized and phagocytozed by neighboring cells. ... T lymphocytes are sensitive to apoptotic cell death induced by a variety of stimuli at multiple points in their lifespan. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that programmed cell death normally plays a large role in shaping and maintaining the T cell repertoire. Repertoire here is defined by the number of distinct antigen receptor specificities contained in the entire pool of T lymphocytes in the organism. Each T lymphocyte bears surface receptors for antigen that are all of identical structure on that cell and therefore are said to represent a single antigen specificity. Since each T cell has a unique specificity, the total collection of antigen specificities in an organism is the sum of different individual T cells, thus the T cell repertoire. By eliminating or expanding the number of individual T cells, the responsiveness of an organism to a particular antigen can be either curtailed or enhanced, respectively. These changes have been documented to occur and are known as changes in the T cell repertoire. Alterations in the T cell repertoire occur naturally during T cell development such that only a small fraction of thymocytes (or immature T cells) survive the intrathymic development and selection events that allow emigration of developing T cells to the peripheral circulation (6,7). The majority of thymocytes appear to undergo apoptotic cell death in the thymus because they bear particular receptors. This "editing" of the T cell repertoire is thought to be the result of two processes: lack of positive selection, and negative selection or clonal deletion. The latter is fundamental to
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the establishment of self-tolerance as cells expressing potentially autoreactive receptors are actively eliminated. Fetal thymic organ culture (8), in vivo (9), and in vitro (10,11) experiments have shown that the double positive (CD4.sup.+,CD8.sup.+) thymocytes appear to be more sensitive to apoptotic death induced by T cell receptor occupancy than more mature single positive cells. These double positive cells are also sensitive to programmed cell death induced by glucocorticoids (12). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05935575__ ·
LZ-CD23 chimera for inhibition of IgE-mediated allergic disease Inventor(s): Conrad; Daniel H. (Middletown, VA), Kelly; Ann E. (Annandale, VA) Assignee(s): Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, VA) Patent Number: 5,965,712 Date filed: June 19, 1998 Abstract: CD23 is a low affinity receptor for IgE. The extracellular part of this molecule has been linked to a modified leucine zipper. This results in a trimeric configuration, since the stalk region of the CD23 molecule is itself a weak leucine zipper. This chimeric protein, designated LZ-CD23, interacts with IgE in a much stronger fashion than either simply the extracellular domain alone or the intact membrane CD23. This is the result of an increased avidity due to the stable trimeric configuration. The chimera has approximately at 10,000 fold increased ability to block IgE binding to mast cell/basophils, compared to native soluble CD23. At approximately equal concentrations to added IgE, 80% inhibition of IgE binding to Fc.di-elect cons.RI on mast cells was obtained. Thus, the LZ-CD23 chimera provides a new means for blocking and binding which provides benefits in the treatment of IgE-mediated asthma and allergic diseases. Excerpt(s): The following abbreviations are used in this patent specification: Fc.di-elect cons.RII, the low affinity receptor for IgE; sCD23, soluble CD23; EC-CD23, soluble CD23 construct consisting of entire extracellular domain; MBP-CD23, soluble CD23 chimera consisting of the lectin head of CD23 attached to the leader sequence and stalk of Mannose Binding Protein; CD72-CD23, CD23 chimera consisting of the lectin head of CD23 and the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and stalk domain of CD72; CD72-CD23 neck, CD23 chimera consisting of the same region of CD72 attached to the "neck" and lectin head domains of CD23; human-mouse CD23, CD23 chimera consisting of the lectin head of a murine CD23 attached to the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and stalk domain of human CD23; C1M, cleavage mutant 1; lzEC-C1M, sCD23 chimera consisting of a modified isoleucine zipper attached to the amino terminus of the entire extracellular domain of C1M; COS, African green monkey kidney cells; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary cells; Fc.di-elect cons.RI, the high affinity receptor for IgE; and a.a., amino acid. ... The invention is directed to a compound and method for treatment of IgE-mediated disorders. ... The low affinity receptor for IgE, Fc.di-elect cons.RII.sup.4 or CD23 (1), is a type II integral membrane protein expressed on murine B cells (2), and FDCs (3). Structurally CD23 consists of carboxyl terminal lectin head, a stalk consisting of four 21amino acid repeat domains, and a transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain (4). Both human (5) and murine (6) CD23 has been found to exist as both a membrane and a soluble protein, the latter is a result of proteolytic cleavage. Through the use of CD23 transgenic (7;8) and knockout mice (9), this receptor has been implicated in the regulation of Ig production, specifically IgE.
230 Allergies
Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05965712__ ·
Means having microbial effect and little or completely abolished tendency to develop contact allergic reactions or toxic effects and use thereof in e.g. skin and wound treatment products Inventor(s): Soderberg; Thor (Ume.ang., SE), Holm; Stig (Ume.ang., SE), Hallmans; Goran (Ume.ang., SE) Assignee(s): Molnlycke AB (Gothenburg, SE) Patent Number: 5,415,865 Date filed: August 18, 1994 Abstract: An agent which possesses antimicrobial properties and a minimum tendency, or a completely discontinued tendency, to produce contact allergic reactions or toxic effects includes a mixture of a compound which produces Zn.sup.2+ -ions and one or more so-called resin acids or other resin compounds or resin acid derivatives present in the purest possible form, and to the use of the agent in preparing skin, wound, teeth and mucus-membrane treatment products, and to such products as insulating material, building material, paper, surface treatment material, disinfectants, cosmetics and like products which contain conventionally different types of resins. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to an agent that possesses antimicrobial properties and exhibits a minimum tendency, or a completely discontinued tendency, to generate contact allergic reactions or toxic effects. The invention relates in particular to an agent which because of its antimicrobial properties is suitable for use as a curative constituent of products intended for the treatment of the skin, wounds and mucus-membrane, for example wound dressings and the like, and also for use in, for instance, rinsing solutions for medical use. The invention also relates to the use of said agent in the manufacture of such products, such as the manufacture of wound dressings or the like, or in the manufacture of a rinsing solution for medicinal use. ... Zinc compounds have long been used in the treatment of wounds. The bacteria-inhibiting and local-drying properties of zinc are well known. Colophony has also been earlier used for its bacteriainhibiting properties. ... Colophony is obtained from certain Pinus species and consists of about 90% free resin acids, with the remainder consisting of neutral substances, oxidized terpentines and minor quantities of esters and anhydrides, depending upon the origin of the colophony. The resin acids are a group of mono-basic carboxylic acids, all with a phenanthrene skeleton and all having 20 carbon atoms in the molecule. With two exceptions, dextro-pimaric acids, the resin acids exhibit the same substituents in the same positions and differ only with respect to the number and the positions of the double bonds. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05415865__
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Method and apparatus for the treatment of autoimmune and allergic diseases Inventor(s): Skurkovich; Simon V. (261 Congressional La., #709, Rockville, MD 20852) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,362,155 Date filed: March 24, 1981
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Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergy (hypersensitivity of immediate type). The apparatus ulitizes an absorption system to absorb interferon from whole blood, from plasma, or from plasma with leukocytes. When plasma or plasma with leukocytes is to be treated, the apparatus includes a separator for separating the plasma or plasma with keukocytes from the whole blood. Preferably, the separator also separates lymphocytes from the whole blood. Blood from a patient's circulation system is pumped either directly to an absorbent system or to the separator and then to the absorbent system. The absorbent system includes a sorbent that is designed to selectively absorb interferon from the blood, the plasma, or the plasma with leukocytes. Alternatively, the absorbent system utilizes a combined sorbent having a first component that absorbs interferon and a second component that abosrbs or removes antoantibodies. After absorption, the plasma or plasma with leukocytes regions the formed elements of blood and is returned to the patient's circulation system. With the method of treating autoimmune and allergic diseases, blood is removed from a patient, treated to reduce the level or completely remove interferon, and returned to the patient. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to the treatment of patients having autoimmune diseases and allergy (hypersensitivity of immediate type). More particularly, the invention provides a method and apparatus for treating such patients by continuously removing interferon from the blood of a patient being treated. ... In 1974, an article was published setting forth the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms of development of autoimmune diseases and allergy is hyperproduction of interferon in a patient's body. The article also suggested treating autoimmune diseases and allergy with anti-interferon immunoglobulin (Nature, 247:551, Feb. 22, 1974). ... In 1975, interferon was discovered in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases and allergy, and preliminary positive results were obtained in treatment of autoimmune and allergic diseases with anti-interferon immunoglobulin ("The Probable Role of Interferon in Allergy", Annals of Allergy, 35:356, December, 1975). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04362155__ ·
Method and composition for treatment of food allergy Inventor(s): Burton; Albert F. (Comox, CA), Gislason; Stephen (Vancouver, CA) Assignee(s): The University of British Columbia (Vancouver, CA) Patent Number: 5,192,750 Date filed: January 28, 1992 Abstract: This invention pertains to the novel use of N-acetyl glucosamine to minimize or eliminate food intolerance or food allergy symptoms in human beings afflicted with these symptoms by maintaining the integrity and normal function of the gastrointestinal tract in such human beings. A method of alleviating food sensitivity and food allergy in a human being comprising feeding the human being a therapeutic amount of N-acetyl glucosamine on a periodic basis. Excerpt(s): This invention pertains to the novel use of N-acetyl glucosamine to minimize or eliminate food intolerance or food allergy symptoms in human beings afflicted with these symptoms by maintaining the integrity and normal function of the gastrointestinal tract in such human beings. ... Food intolerance of some kind is very common in human beings. Food allergies are also common. The majority of human beings have an intolerance of certain constituents of foods. About 5 percent of the population have
232 Allergies
reactions to ingested substances which are sufficiently serious to require medical attention. These reactions can in some instances be life-threatening. For instance, in a widely publicized case, a bride with a chronic peanut allergy died in the United States in 1990 within minutes of consuming some wedding cake that had been baked with peanut oil as a pan grease. ... In recent years evidence has mounted that the basic cause of food intolerance is the absorption of substances which are normally excluded but which in susceptible individuals are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract because of defects in the tissue which lines the digestive tract (Peters, T. F., Bjarnason, I., Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 1988, 2: 127-132; Olaison et al., Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1990, 25: 321-328; Hollander et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 1986, 105: 883-885). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05192750__ ·
Method for blocking allergic responses Inventor(s): Hamburger; Robert N. (La Jolla, CA) Assignee(s): The Regents of the University of California (Berkeley, CA) Patent Number: 4,161,522 Date filed: September 7, 1978 Abstract: A group of relatively low molecular weight polypeptides having from 3 to 10 amino acids block the allergic response. These "blocking" polypeptides have amino acid sequences corresponding to amino acid sequences appearing in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th domains of the epsilon chain of IgE. Certain derivatives of such polypeptides also exhibit "blocking" activity. Specific active "blocking" polypeptides are disclosed and the synthesis and use thereof are described. Excerpt(s): The symptoms of human allergic disease or more properly the allergic syndrome, are brought about through the release into the organism of vasoactive amines, notably histamine. The histamine is normally stored in special cells known as mast cells and basophil leucocytes distributed throughout the organism. The mast cells are dispersed throughout human tissue structures, while the basophils circulate with the blood in the body, i.e., within the vascular system. ... The above-noted cells manufacture and store histamine within their internal structures, and the histamine remains therein unless a specialized sequence of events occur to trigger the release of histamine from within the cell structures into the surrounding tissues and vascular system. ... More specifically, histamine will be released in response to the presence of specific antigens (allergens) that gain entrance into the organism or may be released by the organism in response to some traumatic occurrence. However, the usual release of histamine from the mast cells or basophils is triggered by a necessary sequence of chemical and immunological events taking place on and in the mast cell and basophil structures. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04161522__
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Method for controlling or alleviating the symptoms of respiratory disease and allergies Inventor(s): Viner; Norman (Ottawa, CA) Assignee(s): Synapse Pharmaceutical International (Ottawa, CA) Patent Number: 5,981,549 Date filed: February 14, 1997 Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for controlling or alleviating the symptoms of respiratory disease and allergies comprising administering to a mammal suffering from respiratory disease or allergies an effective amount of an acetylcholine esterase reactivator having an oxime moiety optionally in association with an acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed to a method for controlling and/or alleviating respiratory disease or allergies. ... Respiratory diseases are many in number. For instance, bronchoconstriction associated with pulmonary disease is very prevalant and associated with a number of diseases. These diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypersensitivity. ... Asthma is a term given to a condition whereby a person experiences wheezing and difficulty in breathing due to the constriction of the air passages in the lungs. It has been believed that this state is due to an allergic reaction of some sort and generally non-defined. It is estimated, for example, that 5 million children in the United States alone suffer from the symptoms of asthma. It has also been reported that 500,000 hospital admissions and 5000 deaths each year may be attributable to asthma. COPD affects more than 15 million persons in the United States. COPD symptoms include chronic cough, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing, and predominates in two forms, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05981549__
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Method for desensitizing the gastrointestinal tract from food allergies Inventor(s): Neesby; Torben E. (2842 E. Griffith, Fresno, CA 93726) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,735,967 Date filed: August 5, 1985 Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treatment of human food allergies by desensitizing the gastrointestinal tract comprising the oral ingestion of an effective dosage of a chemical composition of short chain fatty acids of molecular composition having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule in a neutralized state. Excerpt(s): The field of the present invention relates generally to a method for treatment of human food allergies and sensitivities in a human host having human food allergies and sensitivities by desensitizing the gastrointestinal tract and through this treatment, improved nutritional status and glandular and mental functions. ... Food allergies and sensitivities are an important cause of illness in both children and adults. Allergies, including food allergies, remain the leading chronic diseases in patients under seventeen years old. Symptoms commonly known to accompany food allergies include headaches, stomach aches, depression, wheezing, fatigue, irritability, hyperactivity, skin rashes, drowsiness, and circles under the eyes. The incidence of allergy-related
234 Allergies
nutritional deficiencies is also significant due to the necessary avoidance of the offending foods. ... Traditional treatment methods include injections and sublingual dropletss of dilute extracts of the allergens which may cause anaphylactic shock. Food allergy sufferers mav also be instructed to avoid a particular food, often disguised in the prepared foods so prevalent today. These treatments presuppose identification of the offending food. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04735967__ ·
Method for detecting allergy Inventor(s): Lilius; Esa-Matti (Kaarina, FI), Isolauri; Erika (Tampere, FI), Salminen; Seppo (Turku, FI) Assignee(s): Oy Aboatech Ab (Turku, FI) Patent Number: 5,858,690 Date filed: May 30, 1996 Abstract: The present invention comprises a simple way of identifying the tendency towards allergy or allergy already broken out, and showing the probability of allergy in a patient, by measuring the receptor expression of the phagocytic cells of peripheral blood. With a logistic regression model a combination of variables were found which best describe the probability of allergy. Thus the invention relates to a method for detecting allergy and a test kit for accomplishing the method. The invention also relates to a sensitive and specific logistic model for determining the probability of allergy. Excerpt(s): The present invention comprises a simple way of identifying the tendency towards allergy or allergy already broken out, by measuring receptor expression of the phagocytic cells of peripheral blood. A combination of variables is also presented which best describe the probability of allergy. Thus the invention relates to a method for detecting allergy and a test kit for accomplishing the method, as well as to a method for determining the probability of allergy by using a logistic regression model. ... Allergic diseases are nowadays a very large problem of public health, and morbidity to allergy seems to be increasing. Food allergies are usually the first manifestation of allergy, and they are commonest in children under 3 years. After recedence of food allergy another allergic disease can later be developed in the patient. ... The defence mechanisms of foreign substances are specific as e.g. antibody response, or non-specific as e.g. the defence reactions mediated through phagocytic inflammatory cells or complement and other proteins. The mechanisms have mutual regulation. Usually the primary phase comprises phagocytosis and the secondary phase the specific immune response. This is why measuring the parameters related to phagocytosis gives firsthand information of a possible sensitization which leads into allergy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05858690__
Patents 235
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Method for inhibiting an allergic response with a 5c8-specific antibody Inventor(s): Lederman; Seth (New York, NY), Chess; Leonard (Scarsdale, NY), Yellin; Michael J. (Riverdale, NY) Assignee(s): The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York (New York, NY) Patent Number: 6,451,310 Date filed: June 7, 1995 Abstract: This invention provides a method of inhibiting an allergic response in a subject by inhibiting T cell activation of B cells, wherein said method comprises administering to the subject an antibody capable of binding to a protein which is specifically recognized by monoclonal antibody 5C8 produced by the hybridoma having ATCC Accession No. HB 10916. Excerpt(s): Throughout this application, various publications are referenced by Arabic numerals within parenthesis. Full citations for these publications may be found at the end of the specification, immediately preceding the claims. The disclosures of these publications are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more full describe the state of the art as known to one skilled therein as of the date of the invention described and claimed herein. ... In a contact-dependent process termed "T cell helper function," CD4.sup.+ T lymphocytes direct the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes and thereby regulate the humoral immune response by modulating the specificity, secretion and isotype-encoded functions of antibody molecules (1-8). The T cell surface molecules that mediate the contact-dependent elements of T cell helper function are not yet fully known (9). ... The process by which T cells help B cells to differentiate has been divided into two distinct phases: the inductive and effector phases (10,11). In the inductive phase, resting T cells contact antigen-primed B cells and this association allows clonotypic T cell receptor (TCR)-CD4 complexes to interact with Ia/Ag complexes on B cells (5, 12-19). TCR/CD4 recognition of Ia/Ag results in the formation of stable T-B cognate pairs and bidirectional T and B cell activation (20-26). In the effector phase, activated T cells drive B cell differentiation by secreting lymphokines (27-30) and by Contact-dependent stimuli (24,31-38), both of which are required for T cells to drive small, resting B cells to terminally differentiate into Ig secreting cells (31, 39-42). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06451310__
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Method for reducing mast cell mediated allergic reactions Inventor(s): Dowell; Tad (Salt Lake City, UT), Norton; Steven D. (Salt Lake City, UT), Araneo; Barbara A. (Salt Lake City, UT) Assignee(s): University of Utah Research Foundation (Salt Lake City, UT), Pharmadigm, Inc. (Salt Lake City, UT) Patent Number: 5,859,000 Date filed: November 7, 1997 Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for reducing mast cell mediated allergic reactions, including mast cell mediated allergy and asthma. Mast cell mediated allergic reactions, including type I hypersensitivity reasponse to allergens and asthma,
236 Allergies
are reduced by administering a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) derivative to a patient in a manner which quickly raises blood levels of the active agent. Excerpt(s): The present invention is related to a method for reducing the effects of mast cell mediated allergic reactions, including mast cell mediated allergy and asthma. In accordance with the present invention, these allergic reactions are reduced by administering a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) derivative. ... The publications and other materials used herein to illuminate the background of the invention, and in particular cases, to provide additional details respecting the practice, are incorporated by reference, and for convenience are numerically referenced in the following text and respectively grouped in the appended bibliography. ... Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a weak androgen, serves as the primary precursor in the biosynthesis of both androgens and estrogens (1). DHEA has been reported to play a mitigating role in obesity, diabetes, carcinogenesis, autoimmunity, neurological loss of memory (2-5), and the negative effects of GCS on IL-2 production by murine T cells (6). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05859000__ ·
Method for suppressing a transplantation immunity and treating an allergic disease and an autoimmune disease Inventor(s): Umezawa; Hamao (Tokyo, JP), Takeuchi; Tomio (Tokyo, JP), Ishizuka; Masaaki (Tokyo, JP), Abe; Fuminori (Tokyo, JP), Fujii; Akio (Kamakura, JP), Nakamura; Teruya (Kusatsu, JP) Assignee(s): Zaidan Hojin Biseibutsu Kagaku Kenkyu Kai (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 4,778,824 Date filed: June 30, 1987 Abstract: This invention relates to method for suppressing a transplantation immunity and treating an allergic disease and an autoimmune disease in a mammal which comprises administering spergualin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in effective amount to the said mammal. Excerpt(s): Various immunosuppressants are currently used in order to suppress rejections and other transplantation immunity reactions that may occur in organ transplantation, and among such suppressive agents are steroid hormones, antimetabolites, alkylating agents and antibiotics. Steroid hormones are effective against a wide variety of allergic diseases, whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and anti-inflammatory enzymes are commonly used in symptomatic therapy of inflammations that accompany allergic reactions. Gold compounds and chloroquines are used expressly against rheumatoid arthritis. For the treatment of bronchial asthma and unticaria, anti-histamine ae used. ... Existing immunosuppressants generally cause serious side effects when they are administered to humans. It is therefore desired to develop immunosuppressive drugs that act selectively on lymphocytes and other cells of immdnological importance while causing minimum side effects. ... On the other hand, in order to cope with the increasing incidence of allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and pollinoala, the development of effective antiallergic agents is desired. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04778824__
Patents 237
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Method for the determination of sulfidoleukotrienes in tissues and biological fluids and its application in diagnosis of allergies and other inflammatory diseases Inventor(s): de Weck; Alain L. (14, Grand Places, 1700 Fribourg, CH) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,487,977 Date filed: June 1, 1993 Abstract: The method for detecting the sulfidoleukotrienes sLT of the group LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 by a single immunoenzymatic ELISA assay is based on the interaction between one or several monoclonal anti-sLT antibodies and a sLT conjugated to a revealing enzyme. A biological sample, wherein a content of sLT is assumed, is contacted with a monoclonal anti-sLT antibody bound to a carrier. After the sLTs present in the sample are bound to the said antibody, a conjugate of a sLT with a revealing enzyme is added to the charged carrier. Finally the amount of the conjugate bound to the carrier is evaluated, which amount is in an inverse correlation with the sLT bound to the carrier. The method is useful for in vitro-tests for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, as rheumatic diseases, immuno deficiencies, allergies or pseudoallergies. With a priming of the biological samples with cytokines, e.g. with IL3, IL5 or GM-CSF as priming agents, the sensitivity of the method can be increased. Excerpt(s): The present invention concerns a method for the determination of sulfidoleukotrienes in tissues and biological fluids and its use in the diagnosis of allergies and other inflammatory diseases. ... The release of inflammatory mediators by various types of blood or tissue cells upon interaction with various stimulants is a common feature of inflammatory processes occurring in various acute or chronic diseases, such as rheumatic or kidney diseases. In allergic reactions, the release of histamine by blood basophils and/or tissue mast cells has long been considered a major feature. The determination of histamine in supernatants from suspensions of isolated blood leukocytes from allergic patients in vitro, following interaction with allergens to which they are sensitive, is a procedure which has been extensively used in allergy research. However, the fact that such determinations require numerous manipulations, cannot be effected in whole blood, but only on isolated cells, and that histamine determination requires cumbersome and expensive fluorometric or radioimmunoasssays have prevented up to now the routine diagnosis of allergies to rest upon blood cellular assays. ... The only current diagnostic method in vitro widely used is the serologic determination of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, by various types of radio-immunological or immunoenzymatic assays (e.g. RAST assay). Such assays, however, only detect the occurrence of antibodies, but do not reflect the most relevant pathophysiological feature of the allergic reaction, namely the production of inflammatory mediators by the reactive cells upon interaction with the responsible allergen(s). For that reason, practical and fiable cellular assays would be most desirable for the routine diagnosis of allergic and other inflammatory diseases. The object of the present invention is to provide a series of novel cellular assays enabling to achieve that purpose. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05487977__
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Method for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis Inventor(s): Yaniv; Eitan (28 Rambam Street, Ra'anana, IL) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,966,147 Date filed: April 24, 1989 Abstract: A method for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in a patient, comprises visually observing the size of the patient's nasal airway, administering a solution of up to 0.5% histamine to the patient's nasal airway, and after a predetermined time interval, again visually observing the size of the patient's nasal airway to determine whether or not it has become substantially blocked, the blocking of the patient's nasal airway indicating the patient is suffering from allergic rhinitis. Also described is a kit for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in a patient, comprising a first nasal spray container containing a solution of 0.05% histamine; and a second nasal spray container containing a solution of 0.5% histamine. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a method, and also to a kit, for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. ... Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the nose, producing a watery discharge. It may be caused by an infection (e.g., common cold), by an allergy (e.g., hayfever), or by an unknown cause (e.g., vasometer rhinitis). The diagnosis of infectious rhinitis can usually be done without difficulty, but it is more problematic to distinguish between allergic rhinitis from non-allergic rhinitis. The techniques presently used usually involve measuring nasal airway resistance by equipment which is relatively expensive and requires expertise for operation, and which is therefore generally not available in the offices of physicians or smaller clinics. Failure to distinguish between allergic rhinitis and non-allergice rhinitis also causes difficulties in determining whether or not a particular rhinitis condition is treatable at all, or whether a particular treatment administered to the patient has been effective, particularly in the case of children which tend to deny that they are suffering from a disease. ... An object of the present invention is to provide a method for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Another object of the invention is to provide a kit which may be used for diagnosing allergic rhinitis in accordance with the present invention. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04966147__
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Method for the manufacture of non-allergy creating precious metal objects Inventor(s): Wahlbeck; Hans G. E. (S-150 32 Stallarholmen, Nybble, SE) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,902,342 Date filed: September 21, 1987 Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the manufacture of non-allergy creating objects, especially objects of metal for direct contact with the skin of a human body, for instance jewelery, watches, glasses etc. whereby completely pure metals, especially precious metals like gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rodium etc. are alloyed with optimum pure zinc, copper, aluminum, nickel or chrome, and whereby any and all treatments both in hot and cold stage are made without access of air and without any contact with extraneous substances like salts or acids. Preferably all melting and heating is made under a protective gas. An apparatus for executing the method according to the
Patents 239
invention may comprise a movable table (61) for advancing a cold worked object (66) through a heating channel in counter current to a heating gas or a protective gas (70), and in which the heating channel (63) is directly connected to a cooling channel (68) which makes use of the exhaust gases from the heating channel (71, 73) as cooling and protective gas during the cooling operation, whereby the advancing of the object (66) through the cooling channel is made concurrently with the flow of cooling and protective gas. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the manufacture of non-allergenic creating objects of precious metals. By precious metal objects are meant any type of objects which are completely or partly made of a precious metal or a precious metal alloy, and the invention is especially concerned with such objects which are supposed to get in contact with the skin of a human body, for instance finger rings, bracelets, jewel chains, brooches, amulets, earrings, watches, glasses and sun-glasses etc. The precious metal may be gold, silver, platina, rodium, palladium and other precious metals suited for the manufacture of the above mentioned objects. The precious metals may be solid or may be in the form of double or any other surface covering of some less precious metal like copper, zinc, aluminum, tin or chrome or nickel or any alloy of such metals. According to the invention the object also may be made as a whole of these non-precious metals. ... It is known that many people are hit by different kinds of illness conditions at skin contact with jewels, watches, glasses and many other objects made of the said metals. Special troublesome phenomena may appear when the said objects get in contact with very thin skin with high transmittance ability like for instance rings, especially earrings applied through holes in the ear tip. The illness conditions generally are skin troubles like itching, scorching, eryphema, exanthena, liquid containing blisters or suppuration boils. In addition to such skin troubles more intense illness conditions may appear. ... Tests have proven that the said illness conditions which generally are referred to as allergic affections do not appear if the object in contact with the human skin is made of optimum pure and clean metals of gold, silver, (platinum), rodium, palladium etc. not even if the said metals have been alloyed with optimum pure and clean copper, zinc or tin or even aluminum, nickel or chrome. There are reasons to believe that the said allergic affections depend on impurities in the metals or the metal alloys. It may be assumed that some alloy substances cause serious allergic affections, like for instance alloyed heavy metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, bismuth, antimony, cobalt, etc. Allergic affections also may appear if impure alloy metals are used like impure copper, zinc, tin or any other impure alloy metals. Impurities may appear both when manufacturing the precious metal or the precious metal alloy itself or during the working and the following treatment of the metal or the metal alloy. For instance impurities may be added in the precious metal, the alloy metal or the alloy if treated with an acid during the manufacture or the subsequent treatment. Copper has a great tendency of assimilating many different types of impurities. Without the risk of the appearance of allergic problems, optimum pur and clean copper, optimum pure zinc, optimum pure tin and possibly even optimum pure aluminum, chrome or nickel and other metals may be used as alloy metals. On the contrary it is of great importance that most types of heavy metals and thereby related or similar metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, bismuth, antimony, cobalt etc. are completely excluded from the alloy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04902342__
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Method for the production of conjugates and uses thereof for the prevention and treatment of allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases Inventor(s): Borel; Yves (Vandoeuvres, CH), Schlegel; Werner (Chancy, CH), Gelfand; Erwin (Englewood, CO) Assignee(s): Aventis Behring GmbH (Marburg, DE) Patent Number: 6,537,519 Date filed: January 8, 2001 Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a conjugate comprising a first and a second polypeptide, said method comprising the steps of (a) incubating said first polypeptide in the presence of a heterobifunctional crosslinker comprising an N-hydroxylsuccinimide ester group and a maleimide group linked via a polyethylene oxide spacer; (b) removing excess heterobifunctional crosslinker; and (c) incubating the reaction product of step (b) with said second polypeptide, wherein said second polypeptide comprises at least one sulfhydryl group.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a conjugate obtainable by the method of the present invention. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate of the present invention and, optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent, and the use of the conjugate for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating an allergic disease or an autoimmune disease. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a conjugate comprising a first and a second polypeptide, said method comprising the steps of (a) incubating said first polypeptide in the presence of a heterobifunctional crosslinker comprising an N-hydroxylsuccinimide ester group and a maleimide group linked via a polyethylene oxide spacer; (b) removing excess heterobifunctional crosslinker; and (c) incubating the reaction product of step (b) with said second polypeptide, wherein said second polypeptide comprises at least one sulfhydryl group. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a conjugate obtainable by the method of the present invention. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate of the present invention and, optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent, and the use of the conjugate for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating an allergic disease or an autoimmune disease. ... Immunologic tolerance may be defined as a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness induced by preexposure to an antigen. If the antigen is an allergen, the immune response is defined as allergy, an adverse reaction with an immunologic basis mediated by IgE immunoglobulin (Sampson (1986), J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 78:212-219). The immune system may also be a cause of disease or other undesirable consequences, when the principle of self/nonself recognition breaks down and the body's own components are recognized as non-self (autoantigens) in which case autoimmune diseases can ensue. ... Interest in immunologic tolerance, discovered by Medawar almost half a century ago (Billingham et al. (1953), Nature 172:603-606), has increased for two main reasons: (1) Several of its mechanisms, such as clonal deletion (Kappler et al. (1987), Cell 49:273-280), anergy (Jenkins and Schwartz (1987), J. Exp. Med. 165:302-319), and regulatory T cells (Gershon and Kondo (1971), Immunology 21:903-914) have been uncovered. (2) Both systemic and oral tolerance (Cremer et al. (1983), J. Immunol. 131:2995-3000; Weiner et al. (1994), Ann. Rev. Immunol. 12:809-837) can be induced to, it is hoped, prevent either autoimmune or allergic diseases. For example, several strategies have been used in trying to prevent allergy, including administration of modified allergen (Lee and Sehon (1977), Nature 267:618-649), allergen linked to nonimmunogenic carriers (Katz et al. (1971), J. Exp. Med.
Patents 241
134:201-203), single peptides (Muckerheide et al. (1977), J. Immunol. 119:1340-1345), or an allergen-antibody complex (Machiels et al. (1990), J. Clin. Invest. 85:1024-1035). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06537519__ ·
Method for the treatment of contact allergic dermatitis Inventor(s): Mannear; Idabelle K. (Montrose, PA) Assignee(s): Mannear; Idabelle K. (Montrose, PA), Mannear; Charles H. (Montrose, PA), Kanarr; George W. (Shavertown, PA), Kanarr; Ruth A. (Shavertown, PA) Patent Number: 4,032,662 Date filed: January 5, 1976 Abstract: A method for the treatment of contact allergic dermatitis, particularly plant contact dermatitis such as poison ivy, which comprises the topical application of acetone to the affected areas. Excerpt(s): The present invention is related to a topical treatment of contact allergic dermatitis including poison ivy. ... A large segment of the population has suffered at one time or another from contact allergic dermatitis, and particularly from plant contact allergic dermatitis such as poison ivy. Poison ivy is one of the more common types of plants which cause plant contact allergic dermatitis, and many different types of preparations have been suggested to relieve its symptoms. Most provide, at best, only partial relief and then only after repeated applications. Other suggested treatments are recognized as being effective only if applied promptly after exposure to the particular agent causing the allergic reaction, and thus their usefulness is limited since the patient in most instances becomes aware of his having been exposed to the plant or the like after the appearance of a rash and the onset of itching. Some of the more effective treating compositions such as the steroids are normally only recommended in extreme cases because they may exert actions on parts of the body in addition to the areas affected with the dermatitis. ... Certain preparations including those in the form of injectable compositions have been suggested as a prophylaxis to prevent contact allergic dermatitis. However, these prophylaxis treatments are not effective in treating a patient already suffering from contact allergic dermatitis. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04032662__
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Method for treating allergic conditions Inventor(s): Augstein; Joachim (Loughborough, GB2), Ahmed; Maqbool (Loughborough, GB2) Assignee(s): Fisons plc (Ipswich, GB2) Patent Number: 4,804,678 Date filed: October 5, 1987 Abstract: There is described a pharmaceutical composition comprising liposomes and sodium cromoglycate.There is also described an aqueous suspension comprising sodium cromoglycate partitioned between a free aqueous phase and a liposome phase.There is further described a method for making the compositions, and their use in the treatment of allergic conditions, e.g., asthma.
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Excerpt(s): This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and more particularly it relates to the formulation of substances for inhalation. ... Sodium cromoglycate has been known for a number of years for the treatment of allergic conditions, for example asthma, hay fever and vernal kerato conjunctivitis; however it suffers from the disadvantage that it is of relatively short duration of action. ... According to the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising liposomes and sodium cromoglycate. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04804678__ ·
Method for treating allergic lung disease Inventor(s): Carson; Dennis A. (Del Mar, CA), Raz; Eval (Del Mar, CA) Assignee(s): The Regents of the University of California (Oakland, CA) Patent Number: 6,174,872 Date filed: December 15, 1998 Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for treating both the early and late phases of allergic asthma by introducing naked polynucleotides which operatively encode for the asthma-initiating antigen into the host. The antigen-encoding polynucleotides are administered to host tissues which contain a high concentration of antigen presenting cells (e.g., skin and mucosa) relative to other host tissues. Expression of the asthma-initiating antigen encoding polynucleotides of the invention inside of antigen presenting cells (without substantial secretion therefrom) induces antigen tolerance while suppressing IgE antibody formation in the early phase of the disease, and also suppresses cytokine-mediated eosinophil accumulation in the late phase of the disease. Devices and compositions for use in the methods of the invention are also described. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to a method for treating both the early and late phases of allergic lung disease. In particular, the invention relates to a method for immunizing a host against allergic asthma through use of asthma-initiating antigen-encoding polynucleotide compositions. ... Asthma is one of the common chronic lung diseases of industrialized countries. The airway narrowing which characterizes the disease is associated with antigen stimulated immune system activation, including elevation of antigen-specific IgE levels in the early phase of the disease and eosinophil infiltration of lung tissue in the late phase of the disease. ... Specifically, during the early phase of the disease, activation of Th2 lymphocytes stimulates the production of IgE antibody, which in turn triggers the release of histamine and other immune mediators from mast cells. During the late phase of the disease, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine production by CD4+ helper T lymphocyte type 2 (Th2) cells is elevated. These cytokines are believed to play a significant role in recruiting eosinophils into lung tissue, where tissue damage and dysfunction result. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06174872__
Patents 243
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Method for treating allergic lung disease Inventor(s): Carson; Dennis A. (Del Mar, CA), Raz; Eval (Del Mar, CA) Assignee(s): The Regents of the University of California (Oakland, CA) Patent Number: 6,426,336 Date filed: October 12, 2000 Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for treating both the early and late phases of allergic asthma by introducing naked polynucleotides which operatively encode for the asthma-initiating antigen into the host. The antigen-encoding polynucleotides are administered to host tissues which contain a high concentration of antigen presenting cells (e.g., skin and mucosa) relative to other host tissues. Expression of the asthma-initiating antigen encoding polynucleotides of the invention inside of antigen presenting cells (without substantial secretion therefrom) induces antigen tolerance while suppressing IgE antibody formation in the early phase of the disease, and also suppresses cytokine-mediated eosinophil accumulation in the late phase of the disease. Devices and compositions for use in the methods of the invention are also described. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to a method for treating both the early and late phases of allergic lung disease. In particular, the invention relates to a method for immunizing a host against allergic asthma through use of asthma-initiating antigen-encoding polynucleotide compositions. ... Asthma is one of the common chronic lung diseases of industrialized countries. The airway narrowing which characterizes the disease is associated with antigen stimulated immune system activation, including elevation of antigen-specific IgE levels in the early phase of the disease and eosinophil infiltration of lung tissue in the late phase of the disease. ... Specifically, during the early phase of the disease, activation of Th2 lymphocytes stimulates the production of IgE antibody, which in turn triggers the release of histamine and other immune mediators from mast cells. During the late phase of the disease, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine production by CD4+ helper T lymphocyte type 2 (Th2) cells is elevated. These cytokines are believed to play a significant role in recruiting eosinophils into lung tissue, where tissue damage and dysfunction result. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06426336__
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Method for treating allergic reactions and compositions therefore Inventor(s): Sherlock; Margaret H. (Bloomfield, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 4,628,055 Date filed: October 15, 1984 Abstract: Certain substituted 1,8-naphthyridines and 1,5,8-azanaphthyridines are useful for treating allergic reactions in mammals. Certain of the compounds may also be utilized to treat chronic obstructive lung diseases in mammals.Methods for preparing the compounds and methods for their use are also described. Excerpt(s): Japanese patent public disclosure (Kokai) No. 116495/77, Sept. 29, 1977 discloses various naphthyridine derivatives which allegedly possess analgesic, antiinflammatory, central nervous system depressant and diuretic effects. There is no indication that the compounds disclosed in the Japanese publication have activity
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against chronic obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and the like or that these compounds would be useful for treating allergic reactions. ... or an amine; with the proviso that when X is CH, Y and Z are both hydrogen and R.sub.1 is n-butyl; R.sub.2 is not hydrogen or a cation derived from a pharmaceutically acceptable metal or an amine and with the further proviso that when X is CH, Y and Z are both hydrogen, and R.sub.1 is n-butyl; R.sub.2 is not allyl. ... The preferred value for X is CH. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04628055__ ·
Method for treating an allergic or inflammatory disease Inventor(s): Tsuji; Kenkou (Shizuoka, JP), Yamamoto; Mari (Kakegawa, JP), Kawamoto; Keiko (Shimada, JP), Tachibana; Hirofumi (Fukuoka, JP) Assignee(s): National Agricultural Research Organization (Tsukuba, JP) Patent Number: 6,491,943 Date filed: February 8, 2001 Abstract: This invention is to provide an agent for therapy and prevention of allergic diseases which has no adverse action, shows a high safety even by administration for a long period and is able to be utilized to food and/or beverage, cosmetics, etc. which are used daily. To be specific, it provides antiallergic agent and anti-inflammatory agent characterized in containing at least one polyphenol selected from strictinin and methylated derivatives thereof as an effective ingredient; a method for the addition of an antiallergic agent for oral administration or an anti-inflammatory agent for oral administration which is characterized in containing at least one polyphenol selected from strictinin and methylated derivatives thereof as an effective ingredient to food and/or beverage for prevention, suppression and mitigation of allergic symptoms or inflammatory symptoms. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical agent as well as food and/or beverage and cosmetics containing at least one polyphenol compound selected from strictinin and methylated derivatives thereof as an effective ingredient and, more particularly, it relates to a food having an action of suppressing the immediate-type and delayed-type allergy, to a pharmaceutical agent with an object of improving the allergy and to a cosmetic agent containing the same. ... In recent years, an increase in allergic diseases has been noted and it is reported that, in about one-third of the newborn babies, onset of a topic dermatitis or asthma is observed. A drastic increase in onset of pollinosis has been becoming a big social problem as well. ... It has been believed that changes of environment surrounding us such as westernization of meals, air pollution, food additives and excessive stress are the causes of an increase in such allergic symptoms. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06491943__
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Method for treating late phase allergic reactions and inflammatory diseases Inventor(s): Ahmed; Tahir (Coral Gables, FL) Assignee(s): Baker Norton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Miami, FL) Patent Number: 5,980,865 Date filed: August 4, 1997
Patents 245
Abstract: A method of treating a mammalian patient suffering from or prone to a condition characterized by late phase allergic reactions, airway hyperresponsiveness or inflammatory reactions, e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis, comprising the administration to the patient of an oral, parenteral, intrabronchial, topical, intranasal or intraocular pharmaceutical composition containing in each dose about 0.005 to about 1.0 mg per kilogram of patient body weight of ultra-low molecular weight heparins (ULMWH) or other sulfated polysaccharides having average molecular weights of about 1,000-3,000 daltons. Suitable inhalant and other pharmaceutical compositions for use in the novel treatment method are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to methods and compositions for preventing and reversing the symptoms and manifestations of late phase allergic reactions and inflammatory diseases. ... Chronic asthma can be considered to be predominantly an inflammatory disease with associated bronchospasm. The degree of reactivity and narrowing of the bronchi in response to stimuli is greater in asthmatics than in normal individuals. Persistent inflammation is responsible for the bronchial hyperreactivity or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Mucosal edema, mucus plugging and hypersecretion may be present; pulmonary parenchyma is normal. Airway narrowing may reverse spontaneously or with therapy. Type 1 (immediate) immune responses may play an important role in the development of asthma in children and many adults; however, when onset of disease occurs in adulthood, allergic factors may be difficult to identify. Exposure to cold dry air, exercise and other aggravating factors also may trigger asthma. ... The general goals of drug therapy for asthma are prevention of bronchospasm and long-term control of bronchial hyperreactivity. Because it is usually not possible for either patient or physician to predict when bronchospasm may occur, patients with all but the most episodic and/or entirely seasonal attacks may require continuous therapy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05980865__ ·
Method for treatment of allergic disorders and immune complex diseases Inventor(s): Ohnishi; Haruo (Funabashi, JP), Kosuzume; Hiroshi (Yokohama, JP), Suzuki; Yasuo (Kawaguchi, JP), Mochida; Ei (Toshima, JP) Assignee(s): Mochida Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo, JP) Patent Number: 4,540,569 Date filed: April 5, 1982 Abstract: Therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic disorders, immune complex diseases and tumors, which contains a human urinary acid protease as an active ingredient, and a method for treating allergic disorders, immune complex diseases and tumors by administering the said acid protease, which has never been used as a therapeutic agent for allergic disorders, immune complex diseases and tumors. Since the acid protease is a protein of human origin, the probability of adverse reactions such as anaphylactic shock due to the antigenicity of the acid protease is believed to be extremely small. Excerpt(s): An individual produces antibodies after exposure to pathogenic antigen. Secondary antigen exposure causes antigen-antibody reaction and the formed antigenantibody complexes deposit on the tissues, and chemical mediators are released from sensitized cells. Then these mediators and/or the deposited antigen-antibody complexes
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damage tissues. ... Pathogenic antigens are xenogenic antigens (inhaled allergen, food allergen, drugs and so on), allogenic antigens and autologus antigens which are denatured autologus components of tissues or organs, and act as foreign substances. ... (4) Type IV allergy (cell-mediated or delayed-type), in which thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) with specific receptors are stimulated by antigens and release mediators. In case of tissue rejection, these lymphocytes transform to kill certain cells with the histocompatibility antigen of the graft. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04540569__ ·
Method for treatment of allergies using glycerol ethers Inventor(s): Brohult; Sven (Bromma, SE), Brohult; Astrid (Bromma, SE) Assignee(s): Halsoprodukter Lars Karnerud AB (Forserum, SE) Patent Number: 5,173,511 Date filed: November 29, 1990 Abstract: A method for treating a patient to effect the remission of disorders associated with allergies, particularly asthma, by administering to the patient in need of such treatment a glycerol ether in a therapeutically effective amount sufficient to cause remission of such discomfort. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to use of at least one glycerol ether as a compound of a pharmaceutical preparation. The pharmaceutical preparation is for treatment of allergic diseases, especially asthma. ... Glycerol ethers (previously also called alkoxy-glycerols) have shown several important medical effects. Oral administration of glycerol ether in conjunction with radiation therapy reduces the number of harmful radiation effects: leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are partly or fully prevented. In patients having certain tumor diseases a lower mortality is obtained in a group which has been given glycerol ethers as prophylactic treatment as compared to a group which was not given these substances. Experiments both with humans and animals have shown that the glycerol ethers improve the bodily immunity defense mechanism. ... In the human body glycerol ethers are found mainly in bone marrow, liver, mother's milk and placenta. The glycerol ethers are found in larger quantities mainly in shark liver oil. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05173511__
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Method of converting a Th2-type allergic immune response into a Th1-type immune response Inventor(s): DeKruyff; Rosemarie H. (Stanford, CA), Umetsu; Dale T. (Stanford, CA) Assignee(s): The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Palo Alto, CA) Patent Number: 6,086,898 Date filed: June 23, 1999 Abstract: Methods are provided for the treatment of allergic and other immune disorders associated with overproduction of Th2 type cytokines by antigen specific T cells. Immunotherapy with adjuvants, as provided in the present invention, greatly inhibits the development of airway hyperreactivity and airway inflammation. Such
Patents 247
immunotherapy is shown to reverse ongoing airway disease, and convert allergic inflammatory responses into protective immune responses. Conditions of particular interest include allergic conditions associated with production of Th2 cytokines and/or IgE antibodies, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and anaphylactic reactions. The addition of adjuvant induces a Th1-type immune response and can redirect an established Th2-type response to a Th1-type response for the selected antigen. Preferably, antigen-specific IgE production is reduced without altering the intensity of the antigen-specific proliferative response. One particularly preferred adjuvant for use in accordance with the present invention is a Listeria adjuvant. Excerpt(s): Allergy or hypersensitivity of the immune system in its different forms affects more than 20% of the human population. Furthermore, man is a highly susceptible species to anaphylaxis. After sensitization with an allergen, a second exposure elicits constriction of the bronchioles, in some cases resulting in death from asphyxia. This allergic reaction is mediated by allergen-specific antibodies, mostly of the IgE class. The antibodies can be directed against a variety of antigens, such as molecules from pollen, fungi, food, house dust mite, hymenoptera venoms or animal danders. The aggregation of mast cell and basophil high-affinity IgE receptors by IgE and antigen causes the release of mediators and cytokines, including heparin, eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors, leukotrienes and thromboxanes. ... While our understanding of the inflammatory process in allergic reactions and asthma has improved remarkably over the past decade, our ability to control them remains modest. The prevalence of asthma in industrialized countries has increased by almost 80% since 1980. The specific causes for this increase in prevalence are not clear, but the rise in prevalence may be due in part to the absence of effective therapies that reverse the progression of, or cure, this disease. Currently available therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids, antileukotrienes or 2-agonists, focus rather on symptom relief, reduction or neutralization of effector molecules and inflammatory mediators. This approach, while effective for acute disease and for relieving symptoms, however, has limited long term salutary effects, since the environmental factors that cause and precipitate asthma are not eliminated, and patients redevelop symptoms of asthma when these medications are discontinued. ... The profile of cytokines produced by CD4.sup.+ T cells during an immune response determines the nature of effector functions which develop and regulates the outcome of an immune response. Production of IL-2 and IFN- during Th1dominated responses is associated with vigorous cell-mediated immunity, the induction of IgG2a and inhibition of IgE synthesis, and with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In contrast, the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 during Th2-dominated responses is associated with humoral immunity and protection from autoimmune pathology. Overproduction of Th2-cytokines by allergen-specific CD4.sup.+ T cells can result in the development of allergic disease and asthma. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06086898__ ·
Method of determining food or chemical allergy and intolerance Inventor(s): Ali; Majid (19 Edgemont Pl., Teaneck, NJ 07666) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,309,184 Date filed: May 8, 1980 Abstract: Food or chemical allergy and intolerance is determined by comparing an analysis for a given analyzable constituent of a polymorphonuclear leukocyte with and
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without incubation with the incriminated food or chemical. Allergy or intolerance to the food or chemical under consideration causes the leukocytes to break down releasing the analyzable constituent and permitting its presence to be determined. Excerpt(s): Food and chemical allergy and intolerance are difficult and poorly understood problems in clinical medicine. It has been estimated that up to 10% of the United States population has experienced symptoms attributable to hypersensitivity to food and chemicals and/or aggravation of their symptoms by elements in their diets. The diagnosis of food and chemical allergies remains an unsettled issue and the various tests heretofore employed are subject to numerous problems. ... In addition to the RAST test, the test which has received the most attention for determining food and chemical allergies is known as the cytotoxic food test. This test is based on the fact that structural changes which are observable under the microscope are undergone by the living polymorphonuclear cells of the sensitive patient when exposed in vitro to the incriminated fool allergen. Such changes include cessation of motility, loss of pseudopods, vacuolation, and, in the most severe cases, disruption of the leukocytic cell membrane with the formation of so called "ghost cells". The cytotoxic food test was introduced into clinical use by Black in 1956. There have been several reports, before and since that time, concerning the morphologic alterations in segmented leukocytes induced by exposure to allergies. One notable exception to such reports was the experience of Franklin and Lowell who were unable to observe lysis of leukocytes after their exposure to ragweed allergens in patients with ragweed hypersensitivity. ... In the cytotoxic food test, the polymorphonuclear cells are examined without any histochemical stains. The structural changes are often subtle and the evaluation of those changes is extremely subjective. As a result, wide variations in the results obtained by different observers has been a major source of dissatisfaction with this diagnostic technique. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04309184__ ·
Method of treating allergic rhinitis by delivering medication via the nasal vestibules Inventor(s): Lin; Matthew M. (100 Pace Dr. S., West Islip, NY 11795), Lin; Audrey H. (100 Pace Dr. S., West Islip, NY 11795) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,972,327 Date filed: October 22, 1997 Abstract: A method for treating allergic rhinitis in a patient is disclosed which comprises applying an anti-allergic rhinitis effective amount of a steroid in ointment or creme carrier to the lining of the vestibules of the patient. Excerpt(s): This invention relates generally to a delivery system for allergy medication and its use. The invention also relates to medication formulations for use in the delivery system. ... Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a problem that many people deal with every year. Common characteristics of this disease are a runny nose, constant sneezing, watery eyes, and general discomfort. Irritation causes itchiness within the nose which is followed by the symptoms mentioned above. Nasal spray and oral medications are presently the most commonly used in medication preventative and ameliorative care, but they are not always effective in treating allergic rhinitis in patients. Oral medication is not effective for all allergy sufferers, may make the patient drowsy and requires substantial delay before taking effect. Nasal sprays deliver the medication deeply into the nasal cavity, for
Patents 249
example, into the atrium and nasal concha. However, if the patient has excessive nasal drip, the medication may not be absorbed at its target but will flow out of the nostril with the nasal fluid. ... We have discovered an effective method for the rapid relief of the symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. This is accomplished by application of an appropriate anti-allergy medicament to the vestibules of the nostrils. The general chain of events of seasonal allergic rhinitis begins with itchiness in the nose, especially in the vestibules, and continues with a runny nose and sneezing. We have discovered that by application of the medicament to the vestibules manually, e.g., with the tip of a finger or a padded cotton swab, rapid cessation of the symptoms, e.g., runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing and the like can be achieved. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05972327__ ·
Method of treating or ameliorating the symptoms of common cold or allergic rhinitis Inventor(s): Johnson; Kirk Willis (Camby, IN), Nelson; David Lloyd Garver (Carmel, IN), Phebus; Lee Alan (Fountaintown, IN) Assignee(s): Eli Lilly and Company (Indianapolis, IN) Patent Number: 5,869,497 Date filed: March 7, 1997 Abstract: This invention provides methods for the treatment or amelioration of the symptoms of the common cold or allergic rhinitis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a 5-HT.sub.2 antagonist. Excerpt(s): This application claims priority under 35 USC 119 (e) over U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/014,038, filed Mar. 15, 1996. ... The present invention is directed to the use of 5-HT2 antagonists for treating or ameliorating the symptoms of the common cold or allergic rhinitis. ... Since the discovery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) over four decades ago, the cumulative results of many diverse studies have indicated that serotonin plays a significant role in the functioning of the mammalian body, both in the central nervous-system and in peripheral systems as well. Morphological studies of the central nervous system have shown that serotonergic neurons, which originate in the brain stem, form a very diffuse system that projects to most areas of the brain and spinal cord. R. A. O'Brien, Serotonin in Mental Abnormalities, 1:41 (1978); H. W. M. Steinbusch, HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY, Volume 3, Part II, 68 (1984); N. E. Anden, et al., Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 67:313 (1966). These studies have been complemented by biochemical evidence that indicates large concentrations of 5-HT exist in the brain and spinal cord. H. W. M. Steinbusch, supra. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05869497__
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Method of treatment for allergic rhinitis Inventor(s): Frost; Phillip (Miami Beach, FL) Assignee(s): Baker Cummins Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Miami, FL) Patent Number: 4,880,813 Date filed: July 22, 1988 Abstract: A method of treating patients suffering from allergic rhinitis comprises the topical administration to the nasal passages of such patients of a liquid solution
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containing from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of the narcotic antagonist nalmefene or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The solution may be administered in spray form from a squeeze bottle or from a dropper. Administration of from about 10 to about 200 microliters of the solution into each nostril may be repeated from 1 to 5 times daily. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to methods of treating allergic rhinitis. ... Allergic rhinitis is a perennial or seasonal condition characterized by a runny, itchy nose, watery, itchy eyes, congestion, postnasal drip and associated symptoms. The basic cause of this syndrome is environmental exposure to, and inhalation of, allergens. ... The treatment of choice for allergic rhinitis is avoidance of the allergens. Total avoidance of certain allergens, for example tree or weed pollens or mold spores, is virtually impossible, however, and non-specific drug treatment of allergic rhinitis is often utilized. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04880813__ ·
Method of treatment of an allergy to an ingested allergen Inventor(s): Wardell; George (Loughborough, GB2) Assignee(s): Fisons Limited (London, GB2) Patent Number: 4,421,762 Date filed: September 8, 1981 Abstract: There is described a method of treatment of allergy to ingested allergens, which comprises per os administration of a daily dosage of from 20 to 4,000 mg of 1,3bis(2-carboxychromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropane or a therapeutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient having such an allergy. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a new therapeutic method. ... In U.S. Pat. No. 3,686,412 there are described a large number of bis-chromonyl compounds and their use in the treatment of asthma. These compounds are described as being administered orally, parenterally or more preferably by way of inhalation. These compounds are in general large and highly polar molecules and as such would not be expected to be absorbed through the gut to a sufficient extent to provide therapeutic levels of the compounds in the sub-epithelial tissues. ... Adverse reactions to foods are common, particularly in children, but the underlying mechanisms are to a great extent unknown. In several cases, despite strict diets, eliminating all suspected offending foods, the child is never entirely symptom free and in patients allergic to several basic foods nutritional problems may occur. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04421762__
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Methods and compositions for treating allergic asthma and dermatitis using descarboethoxyloratadine Inventor(s): Handley; Dean A. (Westborough, MA), Rubin; Paul D. (Sudbury, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 5,900,421 Date filed: February 11, 1997 Abstract: Methods utilizing descarboethoxyloratadine ("DCL"), for the treatment of allergic disorders, while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse side-effects
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associated with other non-sedating antihistamines. Also included are methods for the treatment of allergic asthma using DCL and either a decongestant or a leukotriene inhibitor, while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse side-effects associated with other non-sedating antihistamines. The invention also encompasses the administration of DCL in a nasal or oral spray. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to methods of treatment involving the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a metabolic derivative of loratadine known as descarboethoxyloratadine. ... Loratadine is an antagonist of the H-1 histamine receptor protein. The histamine receptors H-1 and H-2 are two well-identified forms. The H-1 receptors are those that mediate the response antagonized by conventional antihistamines. H-1 receptors are present, for example, in the ileum, the skin, and the bronchial smooth muscle of man and other mammals. ... Loratadine binds preferentially to peripheral rather than to central H-1 receptors. Quercia et al., Hosp. Formul. 28: 137-53 (1993). Loratadine has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of serotonin-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than terfenadine. Id. at 137-38. Its antiallergenic activity in animal models was shown to be comparable to that of terfenadine and astemizole. Id. at 138. However, using standard animal model testing, on a milligram by milligram basis, loratadine was shown to be four times more potent than terfenadine in the inhibition of allergic bronchospasm. Id. Moreover, loratadine's antihistaminic activity was demonstrated in humans by evaluation of the drug's ability to suppress wheal formation. Id. Clinical trials of efficacy indicated that loratadine is an effective H-1 antagonist. See Clissold et al., Drugs 37: 42-57 (1989). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05900421__ ·
Methods and compositions descarboethoxyloratadine
for
treating
allergic
asthma
using
Inventor(s): Handley; Dean A. (Westborough, MA), Rubin; Paul D. (Sudbury, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 5,962,464 Date filed: July 6, 1998 Abstract: Methods utilizing descarboethoxyloratadine ("DCL"), for the treatment of allergic disorders, while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse side-effects associated with other non-sedating antihistamines. Also included are methods for the treatment of allergic asthma using DCL and either a decongestant or a leukotriene inhibitor, while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse side-effects associated with other non-sedating antihistamines. The invention also encompasses the administration of DCL in a nasal or oral spray. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to methods of treatment involving the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a metabolic derivative of loratadine known as descarboethoxyloratadine. ... Loratadine is an antagonist of the H-1 histamine receptor protein. The histamine receptors H-1 and H-2 are two well-identified forms. The H-1 receptors are those that mediate the response antagonized by conventional antihistamines. H-1 receptors are present, for example, in the ileum, the skin, and the bronchial smooth muscle of man and other mammals. ... Loratadine binds preferentially to peripheral rather than to central H-1 receptors. Quercia et al., Hosp. Formul. 28: 137-53 (1993). Loratadine has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of serotonin-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than terfenadine. Id. at 137-38. Its anti-
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allergenic activity in animal models was shown to be comparable to that of terfenadine and astemizole. Id. at 138. However, using standard animal model testing, on a milligram by milligram basis, loratadine was shown to be four times more potent than terfenadine in the inhibition of allergic bronchospasm. Id. Moreover, loratadine's antihistaminic activity was demonstrated in humans by evaluation of the drug's ability to suppress wheal formation. Id. Clinical trials of efficacy indicated that loratadine is an effective H-1 antagonist. See Clissold et al., Drugs 37: 42-57 (1989). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05962464__ ·
Methods and compositions for treating allergic disorders and other disorders metabolic derivatives of terfenadine Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Young; James W. (Still River, MA), Chen; Yiwang (Silver Spring, MD) Assignee(s): Sepracor, Inc. (Marlboro, MA), Georgetown University (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 5,375,693 Date filed: February 2, 1994 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of terfenadine for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the terfenadine. The metabolic derivatives of terfenadine are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of terfenadine. For example, the metabolic derivatives of terfenadine are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with terfenadine. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of terfenadine, in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents or other nonnarcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with terfenadine. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing 4-[1hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxydiphenylmethyl-1-piperidinyl)butyl]-.alpha.,.alph a.dimethylbenzeneacetates and 1-[p-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl)phenyl]-4-[4-(.alpha.hydroxy-.alpha.-pheny lbenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]butanol. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated with the administration of other .alpha.-aryl-4-substituted piperidinoalkanol derivatives, such as terfenadine, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing 4-[1-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxydiphenylmethyl-1piperidinyl)butyl]-.alpha.,.alph a.-dimethylbenzeneacetates and 1-[p-(2-hydroxymethyl2-propyl)phenyl]-4-[4-(.alpha.-hydroxy-.alpha.-pheny lbenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]butanol are useful in treating motion sickness, vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel
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complications due to diabetes and such other. conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other .alpha.-aryl-4-substituted piperidinoalkanol derivatives, such as terfenadine. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other .alpha.-aryl-4-substituted piperidinoalkanol derivatives, such as terfenadine, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing 4-[1-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxydiphenylmethyl-1piperidinyl)butyl]-.alpha.,.alph a.-dimethylbenzeneacetates and 1-[p-(2-hydroxymethyl2-propyl)phenyl]-4-[4-(.alpha.-hydroxy-.alpha.-pheny lbenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]butanol to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05375693__ ·
Methods and compositions for treating allergic disorders and other disorders using metabolic derivatives of astemizole Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 6,130,233 Date filed: January 18, 1994 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of astemizole for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the astemizole. The metabolic derivatives of astemizole are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of astemizole. For example, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole, in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole are useful in treating motion sickness,
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vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel complications due to diabetes and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06130233__ ·
Methods and compositions for treating allergic disorders and other disorders using norastemizole in combination with other active ingredients Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 6,268,382 Date filed: August 30, 2000 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of astemizole for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the astemizole. The metabolic derivatives of astemizole are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of astemizole. For example, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole, in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated is with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole are useful in treating motion sickness, vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel complications due to diabetes and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as
Patents 255
astemizole. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06268382__ ·
Methods and compositions for treating allergic reactions Inventor(s): Mullarkey; Michael F. (1422 Eight Ave. West, Seattle, WA 98119) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,770,401 Date filed: April 14, 1994 Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating allergic reactions, including cutaneous, ocular, nasal and Bronchial allergic disease, are disclosed. Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors, and analogues thereof, are employed which bind the respective effector competitively and thereby suppress allergic reactions. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treating allergic reactions, and, more particularly, for treating bronchial asthma, rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis. ... An allergic reaction is any abnormal or altered reaction to an antigen (or "allergen"). Typically such a reaction is characterized by hypersensitivity of the body to specific substances, whether protein, lipid or carbohydrate in nature. Allergic reactions may be local, e.g. contact dermatitis, or systemic, e.g. anaphylaxis. ... Among allergic diseases, bronchial asthma is one of the most significant. In most urban hospitals, it is the leading cause of admission of children. Current medical practice accepts asthma in afflicted individuals to be an unavoidable, incurable illness. While suppression of symptoms is achieved to a degree sufficient to avoid death, urgent medical visits, disturbed sleep, and days lost from work are typically unavoidable. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05770401__
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Methods and compositions for treating allergic rhinitis and other disorders using descarboethoxyloratadine Inventor(s): Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA), McCullough; John R. (Worcester, MA), Smith; Emil R. (Shrewsbury, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 5,595,997 Date filed: December 30, 1994 Abstract: Methods are disclosed utilizing DCL, a metabolic derivative of loratadine, for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and other disorders, while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse side-effects associated with other non-sedating antihistamines. Excerpt(s): The methods of the present invention comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a metabolic derivative of loratadine. Chemically, this derivative is 8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-11-(4-piperidylidene)-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-
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b] pyridine and known as descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL). This compound is specifically described in Quercia, et al. Hosp. Formul., 28: 137-53 (1993) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,716. ... Loratadine is an antagonist of the H-1 histamine receptor protein. The histamine receptors H-1 and H-2 are two well-identified forms. The H-1 receptors are those that mediate the response antagonized by conventional antihistamines. H-1 receptors are present, for example, in the ileum, the skin, and the bronchial smooth muscle of man and other mammals. ... Loratadine binds preferentially to peripheral rather than to central H-1 receptors. Quercia et al., Hosp. Formul. 28: 137-53 (1993). Loratadine has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of serotonin-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than terfenadine. Id. at 137-38. Its anti-allergenic activity in animal models was shown to be comparable to that of terfenadine and astemizole. Id. at 138. However, using standard animal model testing, on a milligram by milligram basis, loratadine was shown to be four times more potent than terfenadine in the inhibition of allergic bronchospasm. Id. Moreover, loratadine's antihistaminic activity was demonstrated in humans by evaluation of the drug's ability to suppress wheal formation. Id. Clinical trials of efficacy indicated that loratadine is an effective H-1 antagonist. See Clissold et al., Drugs 37:42-57 (1989). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05595997__ ·
Methods for locally-treating allergic disorders with pharmaceutical preparations containing N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid or its salts Inventor(s): Chibret; Henri (Clermont Ferrand, FR) Assignee(s): THEA (Therapeutique et Applications) S.A. (Clermont Ferrand, FR) Patent Number: 5,000,936 Date filed: March 18, 1988 Abstract: Pharmaceutical preparations with anti-allergic activity for local administration, which contains, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of N-acetyl-(alpha, beta)-aspartyl glutamic acid in the form of ophthalmic preparations, nasal solutions, bronchial aerosols, and skin ointments. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to new pharmaceutical compositions comprising: N-acetyl aspartyl (alpha, beta)-glutamic acid or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts which show surprising anti-allergic activity when administered locally, and it also relates to a new method for treating various medical disorders, such as conjunctivitis, rhinitis, bronchial asthma and dermatitis, when they have an allergic origin. ... Originally used in 1906 by Von Pirquet, the term "allergy" means a change in the reactions of the host when in contact with an "agent" called antigen or allergen. Nevertheless, the immunological mechanisms responsible for the signs and symptoms observed in allergic subjects are the normal body defense mechanisms common to all individuals. The difference is that, in allergic subjects, the body's immune response to antigens exceeds the aims of protection and becomes harmful for the subject himself. There is a very marked difference in the sensitivity of the immune response between the allergic subject and the non-allergic subject. For this reason, it is now generally preferred to use the terms hypersensitivity, rather than allergy, to describe the particular reactivity of the allergic subject in response to antigens. The allergic subject actually reacts to very small quantities of substances present in the environment, such as house dust and pollen, which, in the majority of people, do not provoke any particular reaction as they are minimally antigenic. These substances are not dangerous in themselves, but, in allergic subjects, they induce a series of immunological responses resulting in an
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episode of allergy, harmful for the host and for the tissues in which it develops. ... Coombs and Gell have described four types of hypersensitivity reactions (Type I, II, III and IV) but in practice, these types do not necessarily occur separately from each other. The first three types are antibody (immunoglobulin) mediated, and the fourth is mediated primarily by specialized cells. In the recent years, "allergy" has become synonymous with Type I hypersensitivity in which the reactions are dependent on the specific triggering of immunoglobulin E (IgE) -sensitized mast cells by antigen resulting in the degranulation of mast cells and the release of pharmaceutically mediators of inflammation, such as histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins that cause vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and eosinophilia. Type I hypersensitivity may be followed by Type III hypersensitivity reaction when antigen meets antibody (primarily IgG and IgA) at body surfaces, for example in the lungs, the nose and eye, leading to the formation of antigen-antibody immune complexes which trigger a variety of inflammatory processes. They can interact with the complement system leading to the generation of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a which have potential inflammatory effects and cause the release of vasoactive amines from the mast cells and basophils, thus increasing vascular permeability and attracting polymorphs. Activation of the complement system can also lead to the release of cytolytic components that are able to damage tissues. The mechanisms of hypersensitivity reaction involving mast cell degranulation and complement activation are described in detail in the following book; Immunology, I. Roitt (Sections 7, 19, 21 in particular). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05000936__ ·
Methods for treating allergic disorders and other disorders using norastemizole Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 6,187,794 Date filed: January 12, 2000 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of astemizole for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the astemizole. The metabolic derivatives of astemizole are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of astemizole. For example, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole, in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated
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with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole are useful in treating motion sickness, vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel complications due to diabetes and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06187794__ ·
Methods for treating allergic disorders using norastemizole Inventor(s): Woosley; Raymond L. (Washington, DC), Aberg; A. K. Gunnar (Westborough, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 6,124,320 Date filed: December 16, 1996 Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of astemizole for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the astemizole. The metabolic derivatives of astemizole are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of astemizole. For example, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Furthermore, the metabolic derivatives of astemizole, in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, or in combination with a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive or expectorant, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like, and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with astemizole. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole. These compositions possess potent antihistaminic activity and are useful in treating allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic disorders while avoiding adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, including but not limited to cardiac arrhythmias, drowsiness, nausea, fatigue, weakness and headache. Also, these compositions, in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or other non-narcotic analgesics, are useful for the treatment of cough, cold, cold-like,
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and/or flu symptoms and the discomfort, headache, pain, fever, and general malaise associated therewith. The aforementioned combinations may optionally include one or more other active components including a decongestant, cough suppressant/antitussive, or expectorant. ... Additionally, these novel pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6-hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole are useful in treating motion sickness, vertigo, diabetic retinopathy, small vessel complications due to diabetes and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of these derivatives as antagonists of the H-1 histamine receptor while avoiding the adverse effects associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole. ... Also disclosed are methods for treating the above-described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the administration of other antihistamines, such as astemizole, by administering the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions containing desmethylastemizole, 6hydroxydesmethylastemizole and norastemizole to said human. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06124320__ ·
Methods for treating allergic disorders using optically pure (-) cetirizine Inventor(s): Gray; Nancy M. (Marlboro, MA) Assignee(s): Sepracor, Inc. (Marlborough, MA) Patent Number: 5,698,558 Date filed: January 27, 1997 Abstract: Methods are disclosed utilizing optically pure (-) cetirizine for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in humans while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the racemic mixture of cetirizine. The optically pure (-) isomer is also useful for the treatment of allergic asthma. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel compositions of matter containing optically pure (-) cetirizine. These compositions possess potent activity in treating seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, the symptoms of allergic asthma, chronic idiopathic urticaria, some types of physical urticaria, and other disorders including those that would benefit from an inhibitory action on eosinophil function. (-) Cetirizine inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis and function and the generation of cytotoxic mediators by blood platelets, providing therapy in immunologically-induced asthma with particular utility in the late phase of the disease episode. Optically pure (-) cetirizine provides this treatment while avoiding adverse effects, including, but not limited to, sedation and somnolence, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, anticholinergic effects, dizziness, cardiac arrhythmias and other cardiovascular effects which are associated with the administration of the racemic mixture of cetirizine. Also disclosed are methods for treating the above described conditions in a human while avoiding the adverse effects that are associated with the racemic mixture of cetirizine by administering the (-) isomer of cetirizine to said human. ... The active compound of these compositions and methods is an optical isomer of cetirizine, the preparation of which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,525,358 (Baltes et al.). The medicinal chemistry of cetirizine is described by CampoliRichards et al., ›Drugs 40, 762-781 (1990)!, Snyder and Snowman ›Allergy 59 II, 4-8 (1987)!, and Rihoux and Dupont ›Annals of Allergy 59, 235-238 (1987)!. Chemically, the active compound is the (-) isomer of 2-›4-›(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl!-1-piperazinyl) ethoxyacetic acid, hereinafter referred to as cetirizine. ... (-) Cetirizine, which is the subject of the present invention, is not presently commercially available; only the 1:1 racemic mixture is commercially available as its dihydrochloride salt.
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Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05698558__ ·
Methods of preventing or treating allergies Inventor(s): Isolauri; Erika (Raisio, FI), Metsaniitty; Leena (Helsinki, FI), Korhonen; Hannu (Riihimaki, FI), Salminen; Seppo (Turku, FI), Syvaoja; Eeva-Liisa (Espoo, FI) Assignee(s): Valio Oy (Helsinki, FI) Patent Number: 6,506,380 Date filed: May 29, 1998 Abstract: The present invention provides method of making a protein hydrolysate formula and protein hydrolysate formulas made thereby for downregulating hypersensitivity and for promoting gut immune barrier, and methods of preventing or treating allergies, especially cow's milk allergy by combining the protein with probiotic gastrointestinal bacteria, especially Lactobacilli. The probiotics make it possible to influence the immunological balance, whereby allergy can be prevented by affecting the initiation mechanism of allergy. The present invention makes it possible to develop a person's tolerance of proteins by actively promoting a tolerogenic immune response. In addition, present invention provides for administering fragments of an allergen modified by probiotic gastrointestinal bacteria in order to desensitize a immune response to systemic hyporesponsiveness. Excerpt(s): This patent application claims priority on Finnish Patent Application No. 952926, filed Jun. 14, 1995. ... The present invention relates to methods and means of suppressing food-induced hypersensitivity reactions in patients suffering from food allergy. Particularly the invention provides methods of preventing or treating allergies, especially cow's milk allergy in infants. The invention also relates to development of specific formulae for allergic infants with impaired gut barrier function. ... Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is defined as an immune-mediated adverse reaction to cow's milk proteins. The present treatment of choice is the complete elimination of cow's milk antigens. In infants with CMA, it is necessary to use a substitute formula when human milk is unavailable. Hydrolysed formulae, based on cow's milk-derived whey or casein, are used to provide adequate nutrition with a reduced antigenic load. The preliminary heat treatment of cow's milk mainly affects the conformation of proteins and facilitates their hydrolysis. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin, trypsin, pancreatic extracts and extracts from the intestinal mucosa causes progressive destruction of sequential epitopes and refines the formulae into the least antigenic and allergenic form. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06506380__
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Methods of treating or ameliorating the symptoms of common cold or allergic rhinitis with serotonin 5-HT.sub.1F Inventor(s): Johnson; Kirk Willis (Camby, IN), Phebus; Lee Alan (Fountaintown, IN) Assignee(s): Eli Lilly and Company (Indianapolis, IN) Patent Number: 5,962,473 Date filed: August 5, 1997
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Abstract: This invention provides methods for the treatment or amelioration of the symptoms of the common cold or allergic rhinitis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a serotonin 5-HT.sub.1F agonist. Excerpt(s): Since the discovery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) over four decades ago, the cumulative results of many diverse studies have indicated that serotonin plays a significant role in the functioning of the mammalian body, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral systems as well. Morphological studies of the central nervous system have shown that serotonergic neurons, which originate in the brain stem, form a very diffuse system that projects to most areas of the brain and spinal cord. R. A. O'Brien, Serotonin in Mental Abnormalities, 1:41 (1978); H. W. M. Steinbusch, HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL NEUROANATOMY, Volume 3, Part II, 68 (1984); N. E. Anden, et al., Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 67:313 (1966). These studies have been complemented by biochemical evidence that indicates large concentrations of 5-HT exist in the brain and spinal cord. H. W. M. Steinbusch, supra. ... With such a diffuse system, it is not surprising that 5-HT has been implicated as being involved in the expression of a number of behaviors, physiological responses, and diseases which originate in the central nervous system. These include such diverse areas as sleeping, eating, perceiving pain, controlling body temperature, controlling blood pressure, depression, schizophrenia, and other bodily states. R. W. Fuller, BIOLOGY OF SEROTONERGIC TRANSMISSION, 221 (1982); D. J. Boullin, SEROTONIN IN MENTAL ABNORMALITIES 1:316 (1978); J. Barchas, et al., Serotonin and Behavior, (1973). ... Serotonin plays an important role in peripheral systems as well. For example, approximately 90% of the body's serotonin is synthesized in the gastrointestinal system, and serotonin has been found to mediate a variety of contractile, secretory, and electrophysiologic effects in this system. Serotonin may be taken up by the platelets and, upon platelet aggregation, be released such that the cardiovascular system provides another example of a peripheral network that is very sensitive to serotonin. Given the broad distribution of serotonin within the body, it is understandable that tremendous interest in drugs that affect serotonergic systems exists. In particular, receptor-specific agonists and antagonists are of interest for the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including anxiety, depression, hypertension, migraine, compulsive disorders, schizophhrenia, autism, neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, and Huntington's chorea, and cancer chemotherapy-induced vomiting. M. D. Gershon, et al., THE PERIPHERAL ACTIONS OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 246 (1989); P. R. Saxena, et al., Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 15:Supplement 7 (1990). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05962473__ ·
Methods of treating or ameliorating the symptoms of common cold or allergic rhinitis with serotonin 5-HT1F agonists Inventor(s): Johnson; Kirk Willis (Camby, IN), Phebus; Lee Alan (Fountaintown, IN) Assignee(s): Eli Lilly and Company (Indianapolis, IN) Patent Number: 6,380,201 Date filed: March 4, 1999 Abstract: This invention provides methods for the treatment or amelioration of the symptoms of the common cold or allergic rhinitis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a serotonin 5-HT.sub.1F agonist.
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Excerpt(s): Since the discovery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) over four decades ago, the cumulative results of many diverse studies have indicated that serotonin plays a significant role in the functioning of the mammalian body, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral systems as well. Morphological studies of the central nervous system have shown that serotonergic neurons, which originate in the brain stem, form a very diffuse system that projects to most areas of the brain and spinal cord. R. A. O'Brien, Serotonin in Mental Abnormalities, 1:41 (1978); H. W. M. Steinbusch, Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Volume 3, Part II, 68 (1984); N. E. Anden, et al., Acta Physiologica Scandinavia, 67:313 (1966). These studies have been complemented by biochemical evidence that indicates large concentrations of 5-HT exist in the brain and spinal cord. H. W. M. Steinbusch, supra. ... With such a diffuse system, it is not surprising that 5-HT has been implicated as being involved in the expression of a number of behaviors, physiological responses, and diseases which originate in the central nervous system. These include such diverse areas as sleeping, eating, perceiving pain, controlling body temperature, controlling blood pressure, depression, schizophrenia, and other bodily states. R. W. Fuller, Biology of Serotonergic Transmission, 221 (1982); D. J. Boullin, Serotonin in Mental Abnormalities 1:316 (1978); J. Barchas, et al., Serotonin and Behavior, (1973). ... Serotonin plays an important role in peripheral systems as well. For example, approximately 90% of the body's serotonin is synthesized in the gastrointestinal system, and serotonin has been found to mediate a variety of contractile, secretory, and electrophysiologic effects in this system. Serotonin may be taken up by the platelets and, upon platelet aggregation, be released such that the cardiovascular system provides another example of a peripheral network that is very sensitive to serotonin. Given the broad distribution of serotonin within the body, it is understandable that tremendous interest in drugs that affect serotonergic systems exists. In particular, receptor-specific agonists and antagonists are of interest for the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including anxiety, depression, hypertension, migraine, compulsive disorders, schizophhrenia, autism, neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, and Huntington's chorea, and cancer chemotherapy-induced vomiting. M. D. Gershon, et al., The Peripheral Actions of 5Hydroxytryptamine, 246 (1989); P. R. Saxena, et al., Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 15:Supplement 7 (1990). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06380201__ ·
Mineral and vitamin combinations for the treatment of stress and allergies Inventor(s): Piper; Edwina M (Balgowan Cottages, By Leven, Fife, GB) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,299,886 Date filed: April 25, 2000 Abstract: The treatment is by means of nutritional supplements for the adrenal glands, liver and mast cells. The supplements may include potassium, magnesium, Vit B.sub.6, Vit B.sub.5, Vit C and EFA. A biological mechanism linking stress and allergies such as hayfever or other perennial or seasonal respiratory allergies is proposed and the effect of the treatment thereon is discussed. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to novel treatments for allergies such as hayfever and other seasonal and perennial respiratory allergies which the inventor believes are triggered by stress. ... The invention is set out in the claims herein but simply stated the inventor has devised a method of treating stress and/or allergies, such as hayfever and
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other seasonal or perennial respiratory allergies, by the co-administration, either simultaneously or sequentially, of ingredients comprising potassium, magnesium, Vit B.sub.6, Vit B.sub.5, Vit C and an n-6 or n-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) particularly GLA or DGLA. These ingredients (hereinafter "active ingredients") alone are effective but optionally may be combined with other synergistic nutrients. ... The invention also extends to compositions comprising those active ingredients in unit dosage form, effective in the treatment of those conditions, and the use of those active ingredients in the manufacture of a medicament, as a single composition or as sub-compositions for co-administration, for treatment of those conditions. The method composition and use of the invention may be applied to the treatment of a human or non-human (preferably mammalian) animal body. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06299886__ ·
N-(4-piperidinyl) bicyclic condensed 2-imidazolamine derivatives useful in treating allergic diseases Inventor(s): Janssens; Frans E. (Bonheiden, BE), Torremans; Joseph L. G. (Beerse, BE), Diels; Gaston S. M. (Ravels, BE) Assignee(s): Janssen Pharmaceutical N.V. (Beerse, BE) Patent Number: 4,897,401 Date filed: April 18, 1988 Abstract: Novel N-(4-piperidinyl)bicyclic condensed 2-imidazolamine derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts having anti-histaminic properties, compositions containing the same, and methods of treating allergic diseases in warmblooded animals. Excerpt(s): In the U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,559 there are described a number of 1-substituted N-heterocyclyl-4-piperidinamines as compounds having useful anti-histaminic properties. ... Further series of N-heterocyclyl-4-piperidinamines as compounds having useful anti-histaminic and serotonin-antagonistic properties have been described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,556,660, 4,634,704, 4,695,569 and 4,588,722. ... The compounds of the present invention are substituted in a previously undisclosed manner and show favourable pharmacological properties. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04897401__
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N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-2-thiophene carboxamides, N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-2-pyrrole carboxamides, N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-2-furan carboxamides, and anti-allergic and antiinflammatory use thereof Inventor(s): Cetenko; Wiaczeslaw A. (Ann Arbor, MI), Connor; David T. (Ann Arbor, MI), Mullican; Michael D. (Ypsilanti, MI), Sorenson; Roderick J. (Ann Arbor, MI) Assignee(s): Warner-Lambert Company (Morris Plains, NJ) Patent Number: 4,748,183 Date filed: March 18, 1987 Abstract: The present invention is for compounds having the formula of N-1H-tetrazol5-yl-2-thiophenecarboxamides, N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-2-pyrrolecarboxamides, N-1Htetrazol-5-yl-2-furancarboxamides or analogs of each of the carboxamides. The
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compounds are useful for the treatment of allergic or inflammatory conditions or diseases. Thus, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are also the invention. Processes of preparation for the compounds are also the invention. Excerpt(s): The present invention is for novel carboxamides of two ring systems in the same compound not previously known. One of the rings in each compound is a tetrazole. The other is thiophene, pyrrole or furan. The carboxamides have activity useful for treating allergic and inflammatory conditions or diseases. Thus, the invention herein also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use therefor. ... Previously known compounds having a tetrazolyl substituent include benzothiophenes and benzofurans disclosed in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 790664, filed Oct. 28, 1989 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 680108 filed Dec. 10, 1984. The compounds of these applications prevent the release of mediators including histamine and leukotrienes from basophils and mast cells, and prevent respiratory burst of neutrophils and thus also have antiallergic and immunoinflammatory activity. European Patent Application 0146243 discloses benzofurans and benzothiophenes of which selected compounds include a tetrazolyl substituent as well. The EP No. 0146243 discloses 5-lipoxygenase activity. ... Thus, the known compounds described above do not include the combination of ring systems now the present invention. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04748183__ ·
Naphthyridine derivatives and method for treating allergic reactions Inventor(s): Blythin; David J. (North Caldwell, NJ), Siegel; Marvin I. (Woodbridge, NJ), Smith; Sidney R. (Ridgewood, NJ) Assignee(s): Schering Corporation (Kenilworth, NJ) Patent Number: 4,916,131 Date filed: July 20, 1988 Abstract: 1-Substituted naphthyridines and pyrido-pyrazines are disclosed which are useful in treating allergic reactions, inflammation, peptic ulcers and hyperproliferative skin diseases and in suppressing the immune response in mammals. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment employing such compounds are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to certain 1-substituted naphthyridine and pyridopyrazine derivatives which are useful in the treatment of allergies, inflammation, peptic ulcers and hyperproliferative diseases and which suppress the immune response in mammals. ... Carboni et al. in Farmaco, Ed. Sci., 1973, 28(9), 722-732 disclose 1-benzyl7-benzyloxy-[1,8]naphthyridin-2-one and other compounds, but indicate that such compounds were tested as antibacterials and found to be inactive. ... European published application No. 0 172 058 discloses certain 1-phenyl-3-alkyl[1,8]naphthyridin-2-ones as having anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04916131__
Patents 265
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Natural product composition for decreasing IgE production and treating secondary allergic responses Inventor(s): Hebert; Rolland (Seattle, WA), Shanmugasundaram; Edayatimangalam Raja Bhavani (Chennai, IN), Shanmugasundaram; Kalathkal Radha (Chennai, IN) Assignee(s): Pharma Terra, Inc. (Marcer Island, WA) Patent Number: 6,451,354 Date filed: October 25, 2000 Abstract: A salt-spice-herbal composition known as Amrita Bindu that is clinically useful for reducing IgE production and treating secondary allergic responses is disclosed. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to compositions and methods for decreasing IgE production and IgE levels in mammalian subjects and treating secondary allergic responses. ... Allergic reactions include four types, i.e., types I, II, III and IV. The type I (immediate-type, anaphylactic) allergic reaction is triggered by the reaction-relatingfactor immunoglobulin E (hereinafter abbreviated as an IgE antibody). The reaction steps can be divided roughly into the following three steps. The first step is a sensitization step involving IgE antibody production and binding of the resulting IgE antibodies to mast cells or basophils. The second step involves degranulation of the mast cells or basophils and release of chemical mediators. The third steps involves onset of effects of the released chemical mediators on the target organs. Thus, the type I allergic reaction against foreign antigens leads to onset of symptoms through the above reaction steps. ... Only symptomatic treatments by inhibiting the above second and/or third reaction steps have been carried out to treat allergic diseases. That is, the treatments are carried out by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators accompanying the degranulation and/or by inhibiting allergic reactions induced by the released chemical mediators. These symptomatic treatments have been known to be effective not only in systemic administration of anti-allergic agents but also in their topical administration to the nose, etc. However, the effects of the treatments are limited because the treatments do not inhibit IgF antibody production which is the basic first step of the type I allergic reaction. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06451354__
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Nonsedating formulations for allergic rhinitis which possess antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity Inventor(s): Weinstein; Robert E. (229 Berekely St., Boston, MA 02116), Weinstein; Allan M. (3301 New Mexico Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20016) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,086,914 Date filed: March 12, 1999 Abstract: It is perceived that the newer antihistamines, which have been developed so as to be less sedating relative to the "first generation" antihistamines, possess diminished anticholinergic effects on rhinorrhea, compared to first-generation antihistamines. It is also perceived that no oral medicinal formulation is presently available for treatment of allergic rhinitis that provides both antihistaminic and anticholinergic actions and is unlikely to produce sedation. This invention provides such a formulation.
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Excerpt(s): Unrelated to their function of binding to H1 histamine receptors, the firstgeneration antihistamines produce sedation, an unwanted side effect, but also provide anticholinergic effects, which are helpful for reducing secretions and controlling rhinorrhea. Second-generation antihistamines, which are relatively nonsedating, have been developed but are lacking in anticholinergic efficacy. Despite the abundance of presently marketed formulations for addressing the symptoms for allergic rhinitis, no medicinal formulation is presently available which provides both antihistaminic and anticholinergic actions in an essentially nonsedating manner. ... Allergic rhinitis refers to a common inflammatory condition of the nose caused by allergies and affects at least 15% of the United States population. The typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis include: sneezing, itching nose, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea ("running" or "runny" nose), often accompanied by watering and itching eyes, and post nasal drip. As related to a patient's quality of life, rhinorrhea is reported as the most prominent and distressing symptom of allergic rhinitis. ... The release of histamine is an important mechanism underlying some of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The symptom of rhinorrhea, however, is largely attributable to a neuronal mechanism; specifically, to the effects of acetylcholine on nasal cholinergic receptors, rather than to the action of histamine. This can be demonstrated by observing that histamine challenge on one side of the nose produces an increase in nasal secretions, on the other side as well. The reflex increase in secretions on the non-challenged side can be inhibited by premedication with an anticholinergic agent, i.e., an agent which acts to blocks the action of acetylcholine on cholinergic receptors. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06086914__ ·
N-Tetrazolyl benzamides and anti-allergic use thereof Inventor(s): Erickson; Edward H. (Woodbury, MN) Assignee(s): Riker Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, MN) Patent Number: 4,474,792 Date filed: December 3, 1981 Abstract: Amides obtained by condensing aminotetrazole with optionally substituted ortho-alkoxybenzoic and ortho-methylthiobenzoic acids are potent anti-allergic agents. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to physiologically active compounds which are amides obtained by condensing aminotetrazole with optionally substituted ortho-alkoxybenzoic or ortho-methylthiobenzoic acids. The invention also relates to anti-allergic compositions containing the compounds and to an anti-allergic method which comprises applying a compound of the invention to a mammalian organism in need thereof. ... Phenol derivatives which may be named 2-hydroxy-N-(tetrazol-5yl)benzamides are known to exhibit anti-allergic properties (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,631). Other less closely related derivatives of aminotetrazole are also known to exhibit antiallergic properties, e.g., the 8-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylcarbamoyl)quinolines and salts thereof described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,147,694 (and assigned to the assignee of the present invention), the amides of aminotetrazole and quinaldic acid described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,932,416, and the amides of aminotetrazole and acids of chromone, xanthone or anthraquinone described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,574. ... n is zero, one or two; provided that when n is two, the R.sup.2 groups are selected from halo, methoxy, and alkyl and there is a total of no more than 6 carbon atoms in the R.sup.2 groups. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04474792__
Patents 267
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Nucleic acids encoding signal transduction inhibitors of allergic reactions Inventor(s): Vonakis; Becky M. (Fairfax, VA), Metzger; Henry (Chevy Chase, MD), Chen; Huaxian (Bethesda, MD) Assignee(s): The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and (Washington, DC) Patent Number: 6,353,097 Date filed: July 3, 2000 Abstract: The present invention provides an isolated polypeptide consisting of amino acids 1-66 of the human tyrosine kinase, Lyn A, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an isolated polypeptide consisting of amino acids 1-45 of the human tyrosine kinase, Lyn B, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also provides isolated nucleic acids encoding the above-described amino acid sequences, as well as vectors comprising the nucleic acids and cells comprising the vectors. The present invention further provides a method of treating or preventing an allergic disorder in a subject, comprising administering any of the above nucleic acids to a cell of the subject under conditions whereby the nucleic acid is expressed in the subject's cells, thereby treating the allergic disorder. Additionally provided in this invention is a fusion protein comprising either a polypeptide consisting of amino acids 1-66 of the human tyrosine kinase, Lyn A or a polypeptide consisting of amino acids 1-45 of the human tyrosine kinase, Lyn B and a ligand which binds to and is internalized by cells which express a high affinity receptor for IgE on the surface. A method of treating or preventing an allergic disorder in a subject is also provided, comprising administering an effective amount of the above fusion protein to a cell of the subject, whereby the fusion protein treats the subject's allergic disorder. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed to the prevention and treatment of an allergic disorder. In particular, the invention relates to the administration of polypeptides of the unique domain of the tyrosine kinase, Lyn, to the cells of a subject having, or at risk of having, an allergic disorder. The polypeptides act within the cells to bind the cytoplasmic domain of the high affinity receptor of IgE (Fc.epsilon.RI) and inhibit signaling through the receptor which would result in release of histamines and other substances associated with an allergic reaction, thereby preventing or treating an allergic disorder. ... The family of proteins known as the "multichain immune recognition receptors" includes the antigen receptors on B and T-lymphocytes and Fc receptors including the receptor with high affinity for IgE (Fc.epsilon.RI ) (1). Highly homologous in structure, all these receptors utilize, at least in part, a common mechanism to initiate cellular responses: multi-valent interactions with antigen leads to aggregation of the receptors and is followed by enhanced phosphorylation of tyrosines, in the Immune-Receptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motifs (ITAMs) within the cytoplasmic domains of the receptor itself, by a receptor-associated Src-family kinase (2). ... Aggregation of the Fc.epsilon.RI on mast cells initiates a cascade of events leading to degranulation and release of mediators responsible for the symptoms of atopy. Among the earliest events in the Fc.epsilon.RI cascade is the phosphorylation of tyrosines in the ITAMs on the .beta. and .gamma. chains of the receptor by the Src-family kinase, Lyn. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06353097__
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Ophthalmic anti-allergy compositions suitable for use with contact lenses Inventor(s): Yanni; John M. (Burleson, TX) Assignee(s): Alcon Universal Ltd. (Hunenberg, CH) Patent Number: 6,375,973 Date filed: January 24, 2001 Abstract: Topically administrable anti-allergy compositions comprising olopatadine and a polymeric quaternary ammonium preservative are suitable for use by patients wearing contact lenses. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to ophthalmic anti-allergy compositions. In particular, the present invention relates to topical anti-allergy compositions that can be safely applied by a patient wearing contact lenses. ... Ophthalmic formulations generally contain one or more active compounds along with excipients such as surfactants, comforting agents, complexing agents, stabilizers, buffering systems, chelating agents, viscosity agents or gelling polymers and antioxidants. Ophthalmic formulations which are intended for multidose use require a preservative. Benzalkonium chloride ("BAC") is the most widely used ophthalmic preservative. ... Topically administrable multidose ophthalmic products are generally not suitable for use with contact lenses because the active or the preservative may bind to or accumulate in the contact lenses, causing irritation or toxic effects. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06375973__
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Oral hyposensitization in the treatment of allergies Inventor(s): Booren; Jack C. (Denver, CO) Assignee(s): Immunotec, Inc. (San Diego, CA) Patent Number: 4,822,611 Date filed: December 9, 1986 Abstract: A method of treating allergies whereby hyposensitization to allergens to which the patient has been found to be sensitive by skin testing and history is induced by sequentially scheduled oral administration of titrated amounts of allergenic extracts in a liquid vehicle comprising defined proportions of a selected hexose monosaccharide and ethyl alcohol in water. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the treatment of allergies, and more specifically to immunotherapy by administration of allergenic extracts by the oral route as an alternative to injection therapy. ... Unusual susceptibility or hypersensitivity in humans to any offending substance is commonly termed an "allergy", and the offending substance is termed an "allergen". Concentrated solutions of allergens used for diagnosis or treatment of allergic disease are known as "allergenic extracts". ... Types of allergy have been divided into four subdivisions based on type of reaction. The simplest reaction, called a Type I or anaphylactic reaction, is the category into which most cases of simple allergy fall. These cases include seasonal rhinitis or hay fever, stinging insect bite, some food and drug allergies, extrinsic bronchial asthma, and some cases of urticaria. The present invention relates to this type of allergy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04822611__
Patents 269
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Oral therapy for the treatment of allergies and method of manufacture Inventor(s): Michael; J. Gabriel (Cincinnati, OH), Litwin; Allen (Cincinnati, OH) Assignee(s): University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH) Patent Number: 6,174,529 Date filed: October 11, 1997 Abstract: An orally administrable therapeutic protein is provided by combining the therapeutic protein with a stabilizing agent in an aqueous solution. The solution is coated onto nonpareils and microencapsulated with a water emulsifiable enteric coating composition. The microcapsules are orally administered. The coating protects the protein as it passes through the stomach. Upon reaching the small intestines, the basic pH of the intestinal juices will dissolve the coating, allowing the protein to be released and induce antigen specific immune response which has the specificity of the native molecule. The stabilizing agent protects the therapeutic protein from denaturation during the encapsulation process. In addition to being immunogenic, when administered orally, encapsulated allergen has a therapeutic effect in the treatment of human allergies. Excerpt(s): Immune response in mammals, including humans, is most predictably induced by parenteral (injectable) administration of a protein antigen. Oral administration of a protein antigen is usually an ineffective route of immunization. Indeed, oral administration of a protein may be immunosuppressive rather than immunogenic (Mowat, A. M. 1987, "The Regulation of Immune Responses to Dietary Protein Antigens," Immunol. Today, 8:93). Thus, development of a method for efficient oral immunization would be extremely desirable. Immunization has beneficial therapeutic effects in many areas of clinical medicine. Specifically, antimicrobial vaccines consisting of bacteria, viruses and their products are beneficial in preventing and combating infections. Also, allergy immunotherapy, a treatment in which injections of small doses of allergens results in alleviation of allergy symptoms, is important in therapy of inhalant allergies, venom allergies and anaphylaxis. Finally, treatment of autoimmune diseases with autoantigens or their components can alleviate the autoimmune diseases, as discussed in PCT application WO92/06708. Luciano Adorini, et al., Approaches Toward Peptide Based Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases Springer Seminar in Immunopathology Immunoprotein (1992) 14:187-199. Further, rejection of transplanted organs can be reduced by injection of MHC Class I and Class II antigens. Mohamed H. Sayegh, et al., Induction of Immunity and Oral Tolerance With Polymorphic Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Rat, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. USA (1992) 89 7762-7766. ... Collectively, we refer to these proteins as therapeutic since they exert a therapeutic effect through activating the immune system of humans and mammals. These immunotherapeutic proteins are all susceptible to proteolytic enzymatic digestion and other denaturing and degrading processes such as acid pH digestion. ... Immunization by oral administration of therapeutic proteins has been quite ineffective in the past. It is believed that these proteins are damaged or destroyed by gastric and intestinal juices, thus losing their immunogenicity by the time they reach the lymphoid (immune) tissue in the gastrointestinal tract. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06174529__
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Patch test materials for the detection of metal allergies Inventor(s): Kawahara; Haruyuki (Moriguchi, JP) Assignee(s): G-C Dental Industrial Corp. (Tokyo, JP), Kawahara; Haruyuki (both of, JP) Patent Number: 4,904,448 Date filed: July 22, 1988 Abstract: A patch test material for the detection of metal allergies which contains a dental metal, noble or base, with which an allergic reaction aid such as a biological high molecular weight compound, e.g., a protein is present. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a patch test material for the detection of metal allergies in dentistry, which is used to make simple and highly accurate determinations of whether or not metal allergies are developed in the presence of a dental metal (a pure metal or a metal alloy) to be topically applied with an allergic reaction aid. ... Metal allergies refer to an allergic phenomenon caused by a metal, which is an incomplete antigen (called hapten) that becomes an antigen only when the metal bonds to tissue proteins. In other words, upon directly contacting the skin, a certain metal has a primary influence upon the structure of a cell and the process of an enzymatic reaction, thus causing contact dermatitises. Included further in allergic diseases developed as antigen-antibody reactions are skin ulcers, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, sensitive pneumonia, bronchial asthma, pneumonic fibrosis and so on. ... Metals included in dental metallic materials and responsible for metal allergies are not only base metal elements such as Be, Ni, Co, Fe and Cr but also noble metal elements such as Au, Pt, Ag, Cu and Hg. Referring in detail to the metal allergies as mentioned above, a metal is present in the form of three phases, i.e., a metallic vapor, a metal salt and a pure metal or a metal alloy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04904448__
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Peptides for anti-allergy treatment Inventor(s): Stanworth; Denis Raymond (Birmingham, GB), Lewin; Ian Victor (Tamworth, GB) Assignee(s): Peptide Therapeutics Limited (Cambridge, GB) Patent Number: 5,945,104 Date filed: June 27, 1997 Abstract: Peptides of the above-mentioned sequence wherein Xaa is any amino acid residue, but most preferably Val or Ile, and their simple derivatives, including those chain-extended at the N-terminus or C-terminus, are useful in anti-allergy treatment. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to peptides, believed novel per se and to their use in a vaccine against allergies. ... Amino acids and amino acid residues are represented herein by their standard codes as identified by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission and represent D and L amino acids, their analogues or derivatives. ... It is a problem to extend the range of peptides useful for an anti-allergy vaccine. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05945104__
Patents 271
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Pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating allergic diseases and a method for preparation thereof Inventor(s): Kim; Hyung-Min (Cheollabook-do, KR), Jang; Chul-Ho (Jeollabook-do, KR), Hwang; Woo-Jun (Cheollabook-do, KR), Park; Eun-Jeung (Cheollabook-do, KR) Assignee(s): Daehan Biolink Co., Ltd. (Chungbuk, KR), Biomedpark Co., Ltd. (Yongin, KR) Patent Number: 6,524,627 Date filed: March 20, 2002 Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising Platycodi Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Ponciri Fructus, Schizonepetae Herba, Bupleuri Radix, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Paeoniae Radix alba, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Lonicerae Flos, Taraxaci Herba, Trichosanthis Radix, Ulmi Cortex Radicis, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba, Rehmanniae Rhizoma, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Magnoliae Flos, Xanthii Fructus, Mori Cortex Radicis, Pinelliae Tuber, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Puerariae Radix and Menthae Herba as the active ingredients for preventing and/or treating acute and/or chronic allergic nasal diseases (including chronic paranasal sinusitis), allergic dermatitis, allergic otitis media (including recurrent otitis media with effusions), allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, etc., and to a method for preparation thereof. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating allergic diseases and to a method for preparation thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising Platycodi Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Ponciri Fructus, Schizonepetae Herba, Bupleuri Radix, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Paeoniae Radix alba, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Ledebouriellae Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Lonicerae Flos, Taraxaci Herba, Trichosanthis Radix, Ulmi Cortex Radicis, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma alba, Rehmanniae Rhizoma, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Magnoliae Flos, Xanthii Fructus, Mori Cortex Radicis, Pinelliae Tuber, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Puerariae Radix and Menthae Herba as the active ingredients for preventing and/or treating acute and/or chronic allergic nasal diseases (including chronic paranasal sinusitis), allergic dermatitis, allergic otitis media (including recurrent otitis media with effusions), allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, etc., and to a method for preparation thereof. ... A normal immune reaction may cause local inflammations or eliminate foreign substance without damaging tissues of their hosts by stimulating effective molecules to remove attacks from allergen through various mechanisms. However, the term of hypersensitivity or allergy is used when an immune reaction is excessively activated or progressed in an undesirable direction to harm the human body. Today, allergic diseases cost a lot of money, because they tend to be more severe in civilized societies. According to a literature [Scientific American, September, 1993], more than 20% of American people are suffering from various allergic symptoms, and allergic rhinitis is the most common form of allergy. The attack of allergen can sometimes be fatal. According to the statistical data of 1990, it was reported that 3.6 billion dollars had been spent to the direct medical cost for asthma. As to the number of patients who are suffering from these allergic diseases, Korea is also on the similar level to the developed countries. The number is increasing every year. In particular, young child patients are on rapid increase. Thus, many researchers are devoting themselves in developing a drastic cure to reduce economic, biological and physical burden of the patient from such allergic diseases. ... It might be said that diversity and complexity of allergic diseases are from the exposure to many kinds of allergen in the modern life. Synthetic fibers such as nylon and Teflon, and
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synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polyester and epoxy resin, which brought innovation to the textile industry, cause anaphylactic contact dermatitis at skin or mucous membrane by various chemical substances like monomer and polymer that are produced in the manufacturing process. On the other hand, allergic inflammations on the skin are caused by contact with glass frames, artificial teeth, wrist watch chains, plastic raincoats, umbrella handles, etc. The substances such as polyurethane, which are widely used as paints for cars, furniture and musical instruments, are the main cause of bronchial asthma. Rubber, leather, cement, and metals such as platinum, gold, mercury and nickel may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Accessories, such as earrings, necklace and finger rings, or rubber products, may also cause allergy. It is well known that fast food, antiseptic, synthetic sweetening, and additives including food colors may also cause food allergy. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06524627__ ·
Pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing allergic rhinitis Inventor(s): Shiraishi; Mitsuru (Amagasaki, JP), Ashida; Yasuko (Takatsuki, JP), Matsumoto; Tatsumi (Sakai, JP) Assignee(s): Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,733,929 Date filed: January 30, 1996 Abstract: There is disclosed a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing allergic rhinitis which comprises a quinone or hydroquinone derivative having thromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism. This compound is hardly inactivated by in vivo metabolism and can maintain its effective blood level for a long term and exhibit excellent pharmacological activity in a low dose. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing allergic rhinitis which comprises a quinone or hydroquinone derivative having thromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism. ... Allergic rhinitis is a type I allergic disease of nasal mucosa causing paroxysmal and repetitive sneeze, nasal mucus and nasal congestion as three major symptoms. Although antihistamic agents have widely been used to treat and prevent allergic rhinitis, they are not necessarily satisfactory because they are not so effective against nasal congestion of allergic rhinitis and have side effects such as sleepiness, malaise, sedation due to inhibitory action on the central nervous system and cholilytic action. Chemical mediators other than histamine, such as leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thromboxane A.sub.2, particularly leukotrienes, are believed to be related to nasal congestion on the basis of onset mechanisms of allergic rhinitis (Minoru Okuda, Allergy, Vol. 39, p. 301-306 (1990)). ... Compounds having thromboxane A.sub.2 receptor antagonism, for example, quinone compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,742 and JP-A 63-101322 have been known to be useful as anti-allergic agents, but have never been known to be useful as medicaments for treating and preventing allergic rhinitis. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05733929__
Patents 273
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Pharmaceutical compositions comprising azapurinones useful in treating allergic respiratory disorders Inventor(s): Broughton; Barbara Joyce (Croydon, EN), Large; Bryan John (Upminster, EN), Marshall; Stuart Malcolm (Stanford-Le-Hope, EN), Pain; David Lord (Upminster, EN), Wooldridge; Kenneth Robert Harry (Brentwood, EN) Assignee(s): May & Baker Limited (Essex, EN) Patent Number: 3,987,160 Date filed: May 29, 1973 Abstract: 8-Azapurin-6-ones substituted in the 2-position by an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl group, or by an alkenyl or alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyl group contaning 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms carrying one or more substitutents selected from halogen atoms and hydroxy, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, phenyl and substituted phenyl groups, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, possess pharmacological properties useful, for example, in the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma. Excerpt(s): [wherein R represents a phenyl or naphthyl group, which may optionally carry one or more (preferably at most three) substituents selected from halogen (preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine) atoms and hydroxy, alkyl, phenylalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkoxyalkoxy, phenoxy, aralkoxy (e.g. phenylalkoxy), alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, alkanesulphonyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, trifluoromethyl and methylenedioxy groups and amino groups substituted by one or two groups selected from alkyl, phenyl, alkanoyl, alkanesulphonyl and arenesulphonyl (e.g. benzenesulphonyl) groups, or R represents a straight -- or branched -- chain alkenyl or alkynyl group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g. cyclohexyl), a straight -- or branched -- chain alkyl group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl), or a straight -- or branched -- chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably methyl or ethyl) carrying one or more (preferably at most two) substituents selected from halogen atoms, hydroxy groups, cycloalkyl groups containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms (preferably cyclohexyl), straight -- or branched -- chain alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and phenyl groups optionally carrying one or more (preferably at most two) substituents selected from halogen atoms and straight -or branched -- chain alkyl andalkoxy groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, hydroxy groups, and phenylalkoxy (e.g. benzyloxy) groups in which the alkoxy moiety contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms] and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, possess valuable pharmacological properties. ... In this specification, when R represents a substituted phenyl or subtituted naphthyl group, alkyl groups and alkyl portions of phenylalkyl, alkylthio, aralkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanesulphonyl, hydroxalkyl and alkoxycarbonyl substituents contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; each alkyl portion of an alkoxyalkoxy substituent contains from 1 to 6 carbon atom; alkoxy substituents contain from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; alkenyloxy and alkynyloxy substituents contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms and alkyl and alkanoyl groups on amino substituents, and alkane portions of alkanesulphonyl groups on amino substituents, contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenoxy substituents, and phenyl groups on amino substituents, may carry one or more substituents selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine) atoms, and alkyl and alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aryl (e.g. phenyl) portions of aralkoxy substituents may carry one or more substituents selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine) atoms, alkyl and alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and nitro groups; and arene (e.g. benzene) portions of arenesulphonyl
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groups on amino substituents may carry one or more alkyl groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g. methyl). The carbon atoms in the alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkane, alkenyloxy and alkynyloxy groups or moieties may be in a straight -- or branched -chain. ... It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formula I exhibit tautomerism such that each of the hydrogen atoms depicted as residing on the nitrogen atoms in the 1- and 9-positions may reside on any of the nitrogen atoms in the 1-, 3-, 7-, 8- and 9-positions or on the oxygen atom connected to the carbon atom in the 6-position, and that all the forms thus described may be present to a greater or lesser degree and are in a state of dynamic equilibrium with each other. Furthermore, in certain cases the substituent R contributes to optical and/or stereoisomerism. All such forms are embraced by the present invention. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US03987160__ ·
Pharmaceutical compositions for treating late phase allergic reactions and inflammatory diseases Inventor(s): Ahmed; Tahir (Coral Gables, FL) Assignee(s): Baker Norton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Miami, FL) Patent Number: 6,193,957 Date filed: May 4, 1999 Abstract: A method of treating a mammalian patient suffering from or prone to a condition characterized by late phase allergic reactions, airway hyperresponsiveness or inflammatory reactions, e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis, comprising the administration to the patient of an oral, parenteral, intrabronchial, topical, intranasal or intraocular pharmaceutical composition containing in each dose about 0.005 to about 1.0 mg per kilogram of patient body weight of ultra-low molecular weight heparins (ULMWH) or other sulfated polysaccharides having average molecular weights of about 1,000-3,000 daltons. Suitable inhalant and other pharmaceutical compositions for use in the novel treatment method are also disclosed. Excerpt(s): This application incorporates material included in Disclosure Document No. 401115, filed in the Patent and Trademark Office on Jun. 5, 1996. ... The invention relates to methods and compositions for preventing and reversing the symptoms and manifestations of late phase allergic reactions and inflammatory diseases. ... Chronic asthma can be considered to be predominantly an inflammatory disease with associated bronchospasm. The degree of reactivity and narrowing of the bronchi in response to stimuli is greater in asthmatics than in normal individuals. Persistent inflammation is responsible for the bronchial hyperreactivity or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Mucosal edema, mucus plugging and hypersecretion may be present; pulmonary parenchyma is normal. Airway narrowing may reverse spontaneously or with therapy. Type 1 (immediate) immune responses may play an important role in the development of asthma in children and many adults; however, when onset of disease occurs in adulthood, allergic factors may be difficult to identify. Exposure to cold dry air, exercise and other aggravating factors also may trigger asthma. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06193957__
Patents 275
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Pharmaceutical or food composition for treating pathologies related to graft versus host, allergic or autoimmune reaction Inventor(s): Duchateau; Jean (Brussels, BE), Servais; Genevieve (Horrues, BE) Assignee(s): Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Brussels, BE) Patent Number: 6,312,711 Date filed: October 28, 1999 Abstract: The invention concerns a pharmaceutical and/or food composition comprising a suitable pharmaceutical and/or food vehicle and a heat shock protein and at least conformation or sequential epitopes of an antigenic structure inducing a graft versus host, an allergic or autoimmune reaction. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical or food composition intended for treating pathologies associated with graft rejection or an allergic or autoimmune reaction. ... In the last twelve years, controlled studies have described desensitization based on the oral administration of allergens (1). This method is based on the fact that the oral administration of an antigen facilitates the acquisition of an immunological tolerance to it. The digestive route constitutes the mode of contact of the body with antigens, of food or microbial origin. However, allergic reactions are rare. Oral administration of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to rats prevents the rats from later producing anti-SRBC antibodies after a subcutaneous injection, whereas, without the prior oral intake, the allergic response would have been present. This phenomenon constitutes what is referred to immunologically as oral tolerance. ... This oral desensitization method has been validated in prospective and controlled studies, and makes it possible to reduce the risks of anaphylaxis, in particular for birch pollen and acari. It is already available on the vaccines market in a presentation in drinkable form (sold by the company Laboratoire des Stallergenes--Paris). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06312711__
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Pharmaceutical preparation for the prophylactic treatment of allergies and process for the preparation of said pharmaceutical preparation Inventor(s): Lewenstein; Ari (Lugano, CH) Assignee(s): Cernitin S.A. (Barbengo, CH) Patent Number: 4,774,226 Date filed: May 6, 1986 Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation for the prophylactic treatment of allergies which contains as active ingredient an extract of pollen which contains nor more than 5% by weight, referred to the dry weight of the extract of pollen, of proteins having a high molecular weight or which is completely free of proteins of high molecular weight. The active ingredients of the inventive pharmaceutical preparation have themselves no allergen activity. To those human beings and children which in the years before suffered from severe symptoms of hay fever or asthma, the inventive pharmaceutical preparations were administered, preferably orally, during about three months before the allergy usually had occurred, for instance in the months February until April. By said administration the occurring of the pollen allergy in spring time and during the whole summer could be completely prevented. The inventive pharmaceutical preparations are prepared by extracting the pollen of plants with an aqueous extraction
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medium, and by metabolizing high molecular proteins of the pollen with a microorganism yielding low molecular proteins or amino acids. Thereafter the aqueous extraction medium is separated from the pollen and the pollen are extracted further with a not aqueous extraction medium. The concentrated extract or the dry residue of the extract recovered with the aqueous medium or the not aqueous medium or a mixture of the extracts or dry residues recovered with the aqueous medium and the not aqueous medium are the active ingredient of the inventive pharmaceutical preparations. Excerpt(s): Prophylactic therapeutical treatment for preventing allergies like hay-feaver or allergic asthma well known in the art. Said treatments, however, are troublesome and time consuming because the administration by injection of increasing dosages of the allergen, for example pollen of plants or of special fractions of human gammaglobulin is required. ... The aim of the present invention was to provide a new pharmaceutical preparation for the prophylactic treatment of allergies which pharmaceutical preparation can be administered orally or eventually also topically. ... According to a well known procedure for the prophylactic treatment of allergies like hay-fever or allergic asthma there are first performed tests on the skin of the person to be submitted to such a treatment with substances which are usual allergens, like for instance pollen of plants, hairs of mammals or feathers of birds, in order to find out by which allergen the allergic response of the organism of the person to be treated is caused. Thereafter a desensibilizing treatment is performed in which increasing dosages of the allergen which provokes the allergic reaction like e.g. pollen of plants, are administered to the person by injections. Said desensibilizing treatment is not only time consuming, troublesome and expensive but it is also rather risky for the person to be treated, specially because the pharmaceutical preparations used for performing said desensibilizing treatment are often not sufficiently pure. Furthermore, if the person which is submitted to such a prophylactic treatment is unexpectedly contacted with the allergen in question during said treatment then a very severe irritation or inflammation can occur, and in extreme situations even an anaphylactic shock can be evoked. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04774226__ ·
Polypeptide agents for blocking the human allergic response Inventor(s): Hamburger; Robert N. (La Jolla, CA) Assignee(s): The Regents of the University of California (Berkeley, CA) Patent Number: 4,171,299 Date filed: January 27, 1976 Abstract: A group of relatively low molecular weight polypeptides having from 3 to 10 amino acids block the allergic response. These "blocking" polypeptides have amino acid sequences corresponding to amino acid sequences appearing in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th domains of the epsilon chain of IgE. Specific active "blocking" polypeptides are disclosed and the synthesis and use thereof are described. Excerpt(s): The symptoms of human allergic disease or more properly the allergic syndrome, are brought about through the release into the organism of vasoactive amines, notably histamine. The histamine is normally stored in special cells known as mast cells and basophil leucocytes distributed throughout the organism. The mast cells are dispersed throughout human tissue structures, while the basophils circulate with the blood in the body, i.e., within the vascular system. ... The above-noted cells manufacture and store histamine within their internal structures, and the histamine remains therein
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unless a specialized sequence of events occur to trigger the release of histamine from within the cell structures into the surrounding tissues and vascular system. ... More specifically, histamine will be released in response to the presence of specific antigens (allergens) that gain entrance into the organism or may be released by the organism in response to some traumatic occurrence. However, the usual release of histamine from the mast cells or basophils is triggered by a necessary sequence of chemical and immunological events taking place on and in the mast cell and basophil structures. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04171299__ ·
Portable electronic unit for treatment of bites by poisonous snakes or other animals or allergic contracts Inventor(s): Mackey; Clifford R. (2900 NE. Edgewater Dr., Claremore, OK 74017) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,873,609 Date filed: June 20, 1988 Abstract: An electronic unit for the treatment of venomous snakes, insects, spiders, and allergic reaction associated with plants. The electronic treatment is used also for the pain associated with arthritis, gout, headaches, and nerve pain. The unit consists of electric DC current powered by a 9 volt battery. This unit will provide DC current between 18 and 25 kv. A pulsating current with low amperage. The battery is one 9 volt battery rechargeable preferred or the Energizer battery (not included). To install battery open the base of the unit, install battery and replace the cover. To test push switch and you will hear and see an electrical discharge between the two inside electrodes. The suggested use for treatment of snake bites, place 1 electrode on skin as close to the bite as possible. The other electrode on the skin to use as a ground. Both electrodes touching the skin. Push the spring loaded trigger ON to release the current. Hold in contact with skin for 2 seconds, release 10 seconds. Repeat this procedure 5 times. The bee, insect, spider bites and stings as well as plant allergies repeat the above procedure 1 time. For the treatment of headaches, arthritis, gout, and nerve pain repeat the above procedure 2 times. Excerpt(s): Snake bites were normally treated by cutting the wound and trying to extract the venom by suction or by the use of anti venom. The treatment with cutting the wound and suction was not good for a number of reasons: 1. There is a chance of cutting too deep and cutting an artery and dying from loss of blood or patient going into shock. There is also a chance of blood poisoning. The suction would not extract all the venom if extracting any at all. This treatment is not recommended by the Red Cross. 2. The anti venom is dangerous because of a number of reasons one being; 40% of people are allergic to it. If you've ever taken it one time it is recommended not to take it a second time. Another reason, you must be able to identify the snake that bit you. The unit identified as the Snake Doctor deems the venom harmless for this reason. High-voltage shock as a treatment for snakebites 18 to 25 vK direct current shocks of less than approximately 1 mA on the site of the bite leads to early relief of pain and diminished local toxic and inflammatory tissue reaction. It is believed that shutdown of local vessels by electrospasm would prevent the rapid distribution of snake venom. Snake venoms contain a complex mixture of enzymes, neurotoxic proteins, polypeptides devoid of enzymatic activity, and low molecular weight compounds such as peptides, nucleosides, and metal ions. The current will influence the hydrogen bonds of the enzymes, destroying their secondary and tertiary structure. The high voltage, low
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amperage current applied will reduce metal irons and zinc, copper, magnesium, iron, or calcium irons are firmly bound to some venom enzymes and are mandatory cofactors for these enzymes. The electric particles interfere with the membrane as well as the positive charged polypeptides decreasing their cytotoxic properties. Taken together the protective high-voltage treatment for venomous snake bites is at least in part due to a direct action of the electrical current on the venom itself. This procedure does the same for poison insects and spiders as well. This procedure does the same for the allergic reaction to plants. ... Referring to the drawings numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. The progressive operation of circuit. ... 1. SW.sub.1 closes current (I) flows from bettery thru SW.sub.1 in the emitter base of Q.sub.1 thru R.sub.1 (820SL) A-B of transformer to + terminal of battery. This action turns on Q.sub.1 Ic (collector current) flows from (-) terminal of battery to emitter to collector to, C-B of transformer to + of battery. This increasing current causes a magnetic field buildup about T.sub.1 inducing positive or regenerate voltage across E/B junction of Q.sub.1 thus drives the transitor into saturation. Since no farther change in current, magnetic field collapses, this induces a reverse voltage across E/B driving Q.sub.1 into cut off. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04873609__ ·
Prevention and improvement of allergy caused by leucotriene B 4 Inventor(s): Akimoto; Kengo (Osaka, JP), Kawashima; Hiroshi (Takatsuki, JP), Yoshimura; Satomichi (Takatsuki, JP), Matsui; Masashi (Suita, JP), Hamazaki; Tomohito (Toyama, JP), Sawazaki; Shigeki (Toyama, JP), Nakamura; Norio (Nei-gun, JP) Assignee(s): Suntory Limited (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,834,512 Date filed: July 29, 1996 Abstract: A composition such as foods, drinks, pharmaceutical composition, for prevention or improvement of allergy, comprising an omega 9 series unsaturated fatty acid such as 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid etc. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a composition for prevention or improvement of medical symptoms caused by leucotriene B4 (LTB.sub.4), comprising as an effective ingredient an omega 9 series unsaturated fatty acid. More specifically, the present invention relates a composition for prevention or improvement of inflammation, especially chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, or allergy, comprising at least one effective ingredient selected from the group consisting of 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid and 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. ... Inflammation is a defence reaction of organisms caused by a physical or chemical stimulation, immunological phenomena involving antibodies, immune complex, degradation products of complements, or the like. During the inflammation, characteristic phenomena occur including expansion and perforation of microvessels, leak of blood components into spaces between tissues, migration of leucocytes to an inflammatory tissue, and the like, resulting in symptoms such as erythema, edema, hyperalgesia, ache etc. In a process of inflammation, various pharmacologically active substances are locally formed and liberated, and mediate inflammatory reactions. These substances are called chemical mediators of inflammation, and include plasmakinins such as bradykinin, serotonin, histamines and the like, prostaglandin (PG), leucotriene (LT), various leucocyte migration enhancement factors, and the like. ... Allergy is a condition wherein reaction harmful to an organism, such as destruction and abnormal reaction of tissue results
Patents 279
from an immune response. In the allergy process, it is known that an allergen invades an organism and reacts with IgE antibody fixed to mast cell or basophilic leukocyte resulting in liberation of a chemical transmitter such as histamines, leucotriene (LT), eosinophilic migration enhancement factor, neutrophilic migration enhancement factor, and the like, providing cell infiltration, destruction of tissues, contraction of smooth muscle, stimulation of vascular permeability, stimulation of mucous secretion etc. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05834512__ ·
Process and device for in vitro diagnosis of allergic disorders Inventor(s): Raithel; Martin (Naabstr. 14, D-92533 Wernberg/Koblitz, DE), Reimann; Hans-Jurgen (Ebenhausen, DE) Assignee(s): Raithel; Martin (Wernberg/Koblitz, DE) Patent Number: 6,093,551 Date filed: September 3, 1998 Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the in vitro diagnosis of allergic, in particular also pseudo-allergic, immunological and environment-related disorders using live biopsy tissue samples. Also disclosed is a mobile incubation device for keeping the tissue samples alive and functioning. The samples can be, for example, skin or mucous membrane particles. The biopsy sample (14) once removed from the patient is placed in a temperature-controlled oxygen-containing incubating medium (16) and an allergen is introduced, triggering an immediate reaction (a so-called type 1 allergy). The secretion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) or a mediator is then determined qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Suitable mediators are histamine, tryptase, ECP, MPO, DAO, TPS, interleukins, prostaglandins or cytokines. The proposed mobile incubation device is provided with a temperature-controllable incubator for sample holders inside a housing. The sample containers can be filled with a nutrient solution. An oxygencontaining fluid is bubbled through feed ducts into the nutrient solution. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a process for the in vitro diagnosis of allergic, in particular also pseudoallergic, immunological and environment-related disorders using vital biopsy tissue samples, and to a mobile incubation device for maintaining the vitality and functioning of the tissue samples. ... A predominant task of the human immune system is to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous substances and, where appropriate, initiate destruction of the exogenous substances. ... The progress in the development of immunological methods in the past has repeatedly revealed novel diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Thus, for example, highly specific monoclonal antibodies are used as detectors for pathogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites or for detecting pathological cellular alterations. It has additionally been found recently that numerous chronic disorders are attributable to a pathological reaction of the immune system. In so-called autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis or else juvenile diabetes, the immune response is directed against endogenous cells and substances. Also to be categorized as pathological are the cases where the body initiates an excessive immune response as a result of contact with an exogenous substance. These hypersensitivities, referred to as allergies, to substances which are innocuous per se, may induce cutaneous and mucosal swelling over the whole body or, in serious cases, life-threatening reactions in conjunction with an anaphylactic shock. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06093551__
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Process for combatting and/or preventing allergic diseases employing natamycin Inventor(s): Lebrun; Philippe (La-Neuve, BE), de Saint Georges-Gridelet; Daniele (Geel, BE) Assignee(s): Gist-Brocades N.V. (Delft, NL) Patent Number: 4,442,091 Date filed: April 29, 1982 Abstract: The invention provides a method for combatting and/or preventing allergic diseases which are caused by house-dust mites by treating said mites or places or areas which are afflicted or may be afflicted by said mites with an effective amount of natamycin. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to a process for combatting and/or preventing allergic diseases and more particularly those allergic diseases which are caused by house-dust mites. ... For a long time allergic diseases were supposed to be caused by tiny vegetable pollens in the atmosphere. Later on it was supposed that these diseases could also be caused by the abundance of mould spores. ... Although intensive research was carried out for many years, efficient means for combatting allergic diseases, particularly those actually caused by house-dust mites and more particularly those occurring in mattressdust and the like did not become available up to now. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04442091__
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Process for the detection of an allergy or an anti-allergic substance Inventor(s): Wilhelms; Otto-Henning (Weinheim-Rittenweier, DE) Assignee(s): Boehringer Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, DE) Patent Number: 5,116,731 Date filed: May 9, 1989 Abstract: The present invention provides a one-step process for the detection of the presence of an allergy and for the specific detection of the allergen responsible for the allergy, in which the leukocytes of a sample to be investigated are incubated with an allergen or with another stimulation factor in an aqueous medium together with a chromogenic protease substrate and calcium ions, the liberated protease is reacted with the chromogen and the resulting chromophor is determined. The protease activity is measured kinetically after an incubation period by the increase of the chromophor concentration. The present invention also provides a reagent and a device for carrying out this process, as well as a process for the determination of antiallergic and antiinflammatory substances. The device consists of a microtiter plate with a plurality of different reagents arranged in rows. Excerpt(s): The present invention is concerned with an improved process for the detection of the presence of an allergy and for the specific detection of the allergen responsible for the allergy. This process can also be used for the diagnosis of other diseases, in the pathomechanism of which a stimulus-induced liberation of mediators from mast cells and basophils participates. Furthermore, the process can be used for an automatable screening process for pharmaceuticals which suppress the stimulusinduced mediator liberation from basophils, mast cells and phagocytes and thus can be used for a therapy of allergic or inflammatory diseases. ... In the case of allergy patients, an increased IgE level is found in the blood. Furthermore, IgE is found bound to mast
Patents 281
cells and basophils. The allergic reaction is initiated by the binding of the specific allergen on to cell-bound IgE molecules specific therefor. ... It is frequently assumed that this binding of the stimulating allergen to IgE via the so-called bridging of neighbouring IgE brings about, in a complex reaction, the degranulation of basophilic leukocytes. As is known, the degranulation liberates histamine, proteases, metabolites of arachidonic acid, phosphatases and other enzymes. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05116731__ ·
Process for the detection of the presence of an allergy and for the specific detection of the allergen responsible for the allergy Inventor(s): Wilhelms; Otto-Henning (Weinheim-Rittenweier, DE), Stahl; Peter (Bernried, DE), Wunderwald; Peter (Haunshofen, DE) Assignee(s): Boehringer Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim-W
