Allied-Axis #11: The Photo Journal of WW2: 15cm Schwere PanzerHaubitze Hummel, Allied Crawler Tractors, Wartime Sherman Variants

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The Sd Klz 165 Hummel (Bumblebee) self-propelled armOf'cd 15cm field howitzer was designed \0 provide the Panzer and Panzcrgrcnadler divisions with artillery support on an armored, fully-tracked chassis. The hybrid pz KpJw IIVIV chassIs was selected for what Army Ordnance meant to be merely an inlenm solution

IIntll n chassis doslgned spccillcally 1IS a sel1-prOI)Ollod gun 1)llIlIor01 could bo prOduced Although components ollhe P2 Kplw til and IV were usod. tho lower hutl and suporstructuro had to bo erallied Altor Ilin prototype had beon aceoilled and the vehlclo wonllrllo sones producllon, much 01 tho asscmllly was <,111110(1 to olhor companies Thfl l hlmmot was
(lssombty and manuf.lcture w;\s also accomplished by Deutsche Iron woi1l.s In DlIIsOOrg which swplied nil speCial 11111110, while Ihe company German Tube Mills, Muefholnl 'Auhi', took ovet' ~ of cumonng Abo'lle: Ttmso HtHnmols. possibly 01 PzAR GroBdeutschlano. begll'l assembly 101' a tn mes· sian In the wltltor or 1943/411. (GAl

b(JI1! on vl11al was C ~~ CtllJal1v a rncthutn lank chassIs lhe Ilummel, al 211 IOIJ~, \V,IS I1lIoly 1!'.l.ItWIIIy ttl!! '1Cr y hlQllwttlis around Ihe htlh1u111 COflipartrnmll, Ilcr.es$Il;Jlcd tly ttlUlUllill(J ttw " hi 1(~-1 ;,.1)01/: Ih'~ f:ltQIn(: Master ldclr(:lflfl General Hermann Bittek wOlild have pwlerred Ih
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All Hummel battcflcs conSlstcd 01 SIX guns, rathcr than the tour contalncd In a towed battcry, as two of the SPGs were usually In the ShOp at any onc lime The Hummet's normal crew consisted 01 a dnver, a radIOman and lour gunners lor the 15cm SFH 1811 U30 Modest anll-alr-cralt protection was pro vrded by an MG 34 Of 42 mounted on the Ilghllng compar tmenl Above: Hummel crews mect 10 pre-

pare Ulcir life miSSion It IS Intcres\Jng 10 see a vehicle With liS chassIS number stenCIled on the M Production 01 thc Hummel stilrted With number 320001 (BA)

Another Hummel of the same unit moves snta posrtion This vehicle also has a chassIs number stenciled 00 the hull. The crew has wrapped Ihemsetves up well for !he cold, making good use of their pattern 1943 reversible camoullage parltas. The frame device on the front 01 !he Hummel could be used to roughly am the gun J1 c0nJunction with pre-placed aiming stakes. (SA)

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Opposite and above left Hummels 013JPz.A.R. GroOdeutschland move into posItion The very high siltnJette of the vehicle IS evident !n this photograph. Note the venlliation flaps lor the centrally located ~ 120TRM engine GO had a lull SIX-gun battery by the start 01 Unternehmen ·Z!tadelle~ In July 1943. '/~tf!;( IIIth two of the wmplemenlary Munrtionslahrzeuge (ammun!\lon carriers) Hummels with tile

15cm gun removed to carry spare rounds (18 rounds were earned on the Hummel !tself) (SA) The following five photos Illustrate the beginning of a frre miSSion and the laying and loading 01 the gun Sighting of the 15cm s FH 18/1 U30 was via the RbU 36 panoramiC telescope gun Sight The IScm s FH 18 1 lJ30 had 150 left 150 nght (hand operated) traverse and could be elevated lrom 30 to +420 (SA)

.\rt:--oerajl Yo of tne battery ttlat IS about to lire The gun's ranoe VI.JS '4630 yards The shers proJectile weight was g.:, 1 lbs ~ittl ~ht IfICfements of propellant charges 101' the HE anb·coocrete AP and smoke rounds (SA)

The round IS loaded under the direction 01 the gun's commander on the left. (BA)

All preparations being made the commandef and Cfe'H wart lor the order to fife VIa radIO from tile oatte'y commander Panzer and rootonzed arllliefy hefe tJ1lef Iy dependent on the quality of their radiO equ pment By 1942 the existing eqUipment though good was lound to be too weak This need lor a radIO whose range was double that of the miiXlffium range of the guns was never fully met (BA)

A Humme! 01 the 9th 5S dIVISIon "Hohenstaufefl makes its way along a snow track on the Auss'an front The gun has a very neaUy applied camouffage scheme of dark yelloVi and dark green The ere." also carnes a large seclion of camounage nettlng to conceal Its posmon whIle fmng A senes 01 wooden poles to support the net are slowed on l.tle travel lock ThIS vehicle also features an elaborate antJ.. grenade screen over the crew compartment (SA)

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A sonlllwha\ rare view ollhe Munl\lonslahneuge (ammunltJOn carner) Humme ThiS was essentially a Hummel with Ule lScm gun removed 10 carry spart rounds A metal plale was Installed over the opemng lell by the removal 01 !he gun 34 additional rounds were carned by the MUm!lonslahrzeuQe as apposed 10 the 18 rounds earned on the Hummel rtself The MumlJOnslahrzcuge eoold be converted back to a standard Hummel ~ the need arose (SA)

TfJE: Ml heavy crawler traclms 01 'NW'II were produced mamty by Caterpillar, All1s·Chalmers and Inlernatlonal Harveslcr They were used pnmanly by the U S Almy [nglneers wllh dOler blades 101 '!anous enUlIleermy tasks such as road bUlldlno, creanng 6e1.lfJ.!I cleannq obstac!l'!s lormuig lamp~ , hll1ng craters, salvaging drowned velncles and crall. towmg arliliery and a host of ottItr rem Many altachments fOI the crawlers wCle manufacturcd by Lc Tourneau, Bucyrus-[nc. HYSler, La Plant-Choale and OIntr These uselul allachl11cnts Included bulldozcr blades, anglo dOlcrs, wIllches, power conlrol UllltS, bowl scrapers . roo1CI piooQhS !f1d shtep fect rollers Above' A small C,i\Clplliar Model 04 wllh lc Tournoau C4 dozer blade cleanng away a derehct Cif!rman RSO The tractor had four cylinders producmg 44 BtiP Thelo was a five-speed gearboK, mechanical brakes, clutch and h' ,,"I'! \:rlnQ nlC vehtcle weighed about 15,935 Ibs wl\h l11e cable controlled blade and power uM (NAHA)

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trternJnonci Harvestef TO-19 with single exhaust stack In ICe Company of the 127th Inlantry 32nd ISIOfl on leyte The seat cushions rest on the fuet tank and there IS a mle tucked In by the lear light and another "'eapon ne~t to the oper.l101 There IS no power control umt OIl the rear-end. only a large towing pintle and snatch chain The hydraulIC tank on the far nghl and the cylinder and hoses on ttle len are used to raise and lower the blade (NARA) I.tS by tf\e

l)r Modtol 01 oom cQUIpped With ,1 La Pldnl R 7t I'IOIc (\Ol\:f with hyorJuhc contrOls The yell! S heJ(IJgt!f$ Ife yery 'hI'1I prOhlCled wit,.. scrap rklrts Q 111,,11 and Wlqf'nlOus weldlOQ There 13 no rear power controI.nt so lIl're IS prObably ,u~1 a low bar and cable and thal ~1fIQ II'" d to C~',lr thIs rdJlrotld sid n9 (NARAJ

4.n tJOt?n\'lJbie lOb A Caletpl tar 07 crawler tractor with a parbail) armorC(l cab stuc!o; up to rts snout In glullnous

was normait)' 38 .neh to 1/2 Inch flat plate bIJdt IS a La Plant·Choate RlGA angle dozer combined

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v.o1n a reM mounted le Touroeau R·7 power control uM

~ the rounded ovemead beam 01 the La Plant-Choate assembty tnroogh whICh a cable runs to the rear A 4-10n 'NfeChl!f ..... 1th a Gar·Wood rear bOdy IS asslstmg In the relneval 01 thiS creepy crawly (NARA)

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nelY IruCI.; wllh IOldout workbenches IS asslsl'tt\l rs 01 TWo caterpillar 07 crawlers With Le TOllrneatl R· 7

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PCl"'ef contrOl units One tractor has Its protective radiator 't'mo. . f'(l and 01110 lhe Side The teelh dnvc the large track lYIlIl(' track plates on the fCar sprocket nle Irontldler can bt' adlusled by the track tcnslofllng screw (lna botts (NAHA) t'J'

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Caterpillar 07 tractor with Le Tourneau WCK-7 anQ!e dozer ana rear power control unrt Operator's controls were to the tett and right of the seat white the tong hand levers behmd the seat con· uoliM the raising and towering of the blade Markings are VISIble on thc rear PCU plate ilnd radiator side plate (NAAAJ

Scrap IfOI'l bemg pulled out 01 the way by a Caterpillar 07 Wlttl Le Tourneau WCK-7 angle dOler controlled by an R·7 power , !J'1trol unit In hrst gear the crawler had II drawbar pull 01 21 351 pouO
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A CalCt ptllat 07 cable dom wllh Le rournCdU r J(J 1 fronl rnounico powcr conlrol uIliI Thc UIlr1IS 00.,(:(1 by Ihe 1I0nl power liJke 011 AI IIw Icaf IS d Hy',ll!r DlN winch 1halls deslOneo 10 Ullli/1! 1M f!nCJ1flt pOWCllfi thc fOHn 01 hnc pull lor loall'> In txu:S'i of Ihose whiCh C,1n he handltd hy tile olaV/btl' The Jeep JPI)tWS tlqhllfl color IlfObably nUl: to dned mud !1Ild has an mtercsunQ stOW:lfjC ralk (NAAA)

The large towing draw bar anached to the tongue 01 the towed apparatus, In thiS case It appears to De some type of crane Each lever controls a drum an the double drum cable control The R-7 power control unrt Incorporated the clutch and brake mechamsm for the cable operation The water temperature gauge 011 pressure gauge and fuel pressure gauge are located to the nght 01 the air cleaner (NAHAl

A. fact04') amlOred 07 leaves the conllnes 01 a Bntlsh LCT Mk '\ These ~efSlOOs afforded the tlest pfOtecMn for the operator EnD')' \\-as tly the side rungs and IOta the open lap Some vehlCit?S ¥\ad tfle exhaust and air finer extended lor deep wading

The hydraulic lacks ale welillrotected and there IS stowage on the enOIllC hood and rear plate above the winch The venlcal box on the top deck or the LCT hred a rocket that unwound a parachute and cable lor anti-aircraft IlfOtCC!lOO (NARA)

The Allied slar has been IMulled oul OI1IIlIS Orlhsh 01 TIle Hysler om towlno wilich had a line pull 01 34.bOO pounds The oper alor has used ,j lew empty ,Hllmo bo)(es 101 Slow(ll)e ,mil also slowed some bauuallo ovcr 1111' rear eQulpmenl ho)( 'he hamllcs on !lIC engine covel arc j),u:lllel to tht side 01 Uw vehl cle which IS dllferent hom other vehicles The number rour all the call's side was usually fed with while outlines (NflRA)

IS crawler looks ~k:e an Allis-Chalmers HO senes traclor and IS PUlltOQ a Murray or La Plant-Choate bowl scraper The tooque IS attached to the crawler .md the hydraulic hoses stretch over The hit lack a{ Ule lOp 01 the scraper and tne ipl'OO jacks 00 Ihe side adJustlhe cuttmg edge and ltVet 01 the scraper The control levers are located behind I!le coer"", INARA)

A Caterpillar Model D6 w~h Lc Tourneau rear power conlrol unt ItI4t operates the ffOnt dozer blade lhe cable runs from the conttOlQ I!O between the rear overhead braces, ovcr a sheave and lhrouQh!he overhead beam II extends over the top front sheave and undtr the bladc sheave and then back up to the cable wedge on the top front of the overhead beam (NARAl

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tartlng In 1928, the Relchwehr began training with pnvate motorcycle clubs for the execution of a vanety of Independent tasks, much in the same manner as the Irndltlonal cavalry The use 01 pnvate clubs was necessary as the Treaty 01 Versailles forbade molonzed combat troops These groups proVided extensive pr
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created. each consisting of three Kradschutzcnkompamen Infanlfy regiments had two Kradschutzen companies. while armored reconnaissance unrts each had a single Kfadschu1zcnkompame The Kradschulzenkompamc was dIVided 1010 three Kradschutzenzuge (platoons) with three Kradschutzen squads These squads would typically be made up of grenadiers, but two squads would form a heavy group armed with MG34 machine guns and ammunition. Each KtadschulZenkompanle was also aSSigned a light cross-country car and a repair truck The typICal complement of motorcycles was 54 sidecar comblnallons and five single motorcycles nle major tasks of lIle Kradschutzen were moppmg-up for the lollowlng troops and employment as an advance

guard, surpose rald-hke attacks agamst an opponents flanks and rear. as weD as pursUit of the opponent Although they were highly speCialIZed motorIzed troops, the Kradschutzen were conSidered a branch of the Infantry When aSSigned to an mfantry element the Kradschutzenbal3JUons acled as Independent and SpeCial components of the Inlantry In amlOfed reconn.lIssance units they served as a motonzed Infantry umt or as an Inlantry component In cleanng-up operatIOns Their training stressed not only the spetlalaed nature of their roles as moblle troops. but " also had the same elements as regular Infantry training TraJnlng regularty Included 40k.m road malches on foot as weH as their motonzed training Kradschutzen candidates were selected lor endurance and toughness Speed. mobility and larT'llllMrty of the cross-country capabilities of their Bef'Nagenkradef (con/mued on next page)

This page: GeneralmalO' Kuhn, commander althe 9ttl Panzer DIVISIOn (XIV A K (mol» IS set,tn here VISrtJog ttIt' Iroollo see the progression 01 tl4S unrts at the beQ+f1I'WIg 01 July, 1941 He IS seen In the company of one 01 M staff olllCers and a Kradmelder of the DIVISIOnal HQ Note the /lag symbol on the lOp of the front lender (SAl

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0\ ft "(''lit or a brand new BMW R75 Belwagenkrader Issued to an >\C '" Abt of tf'Ie FallSChll"m Panzerkorps Hermann GOMQ In late 1942 The R75 utJI.ed a honzOlll~~ opposed 2·c~lOder 26·hp IflQVle (74S-cc ohv air-cooled) WIth dnvtng rear and sidecar wheel ~"Ia 4-speed and reverse gearbox cardan shaft and cross shaft II ~ utJItzed a lOCkable differential with hydraulic brakes on driven

wheels and mechanical brakes on the front wheel. The front wheel was mounted to a heavy-duty telescopIc front fork The tire size of the A75 was 45014.75- 16 The R75 had a wheelbase 141cm The owerall dimensions 01 the vehicle were 240cm x 173cm x 100em. The R7S weighed 460kg unloaded ApproXImately 16.510 R7Ss were produced during from 1940 un~1 1944 (SA)

(sidecar comblOaOons) were ,particularly and, IntensIVely practiced. The spec~aJ molonzed training of the Kradschutzen stressed profiCiency In dnvlng In low light srtuations, with varying loads In the Sidecars. in bad weather conditions (frost. snow. ice). as well as over difficult temlln. Conlesls and exhlbrtlons wefe also encouraged to allow mdlvldual nders to demonstrate their prowess With their machines A motonzed element of the pioneer troops was also formed ca~led the " KradSChul2e~sleg · they trained for the creation and elimmatlon 01 road blocks. bUilding aUlollary bridges. overcoming small obstacles and the creation of minor field lortlficalrons Wrth the creallOn of the Kradschutzentruppe, they were initially equipped With the BMW R1.1 and R12.BelWagenkrader. The lighter and less durable All was considered only a 1e":lporary solullOn and was gradually completely replaced by the R12 . In add~lon to the two BMW machines, the Zundapp

K800W and KS600W were also used solo and as Belwagenkrader The K800W had coohng ~ that were eliminated with the KS600W model However, by 1937, rt became clear that heaVJef and rn:rt powerful motorcycles would be needed Specifications were laid down and BMW respooOed w~ «s R75 model and Zundapp with Its KS750 model Both vehlctes were conceive
A teft hand view of the HG Belw3genkrader The heavy nature of the frame and front can be clearly seen here along with the remforced saddles and large capacity gas lank, ThiS shot also offers a good perspecltve 01 the cylinder heads of the engine The -spinning prop" logo of BMW IS seen on the gas tank.. BMW's Illnovatlve arcralt engine designs originally inspired thiS togo. The presence of the MG34 lIldicates that this is one of t\'JO machines forming the heavy squad of the Kradschutzenzuge In the AufkI Abl (BA)

As a result the KI,nlschUl1enl,lhf/euge Oelwdfjenktadem were fjr,ldually replaced by the Kubelwaqcn. SchwlmmwaQen and 250 hall\fackcd
motorcycles and Ilijllt passenger cars Therr armament conSIsted cnurely 01 light Yrcapons Above: Anolher excellent close·up view ollhe A75 It IS secn here belOg used In the harsh c~ ~hO eastern Iron! dUllng Iho wlnler 01 1943·44 The Kradef has arranged Ihe lower portIOn Of ~ Kradrnanlel rubOelllcd coal 10 dlleel heal !rom the cylinder heads 10 hiS upper body HoI t~ 1$ a big helpl (OA)

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3fld tank cre""man photographed In the seclor of the 1 Panzer DIvISion dunng Ihe

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v .lfTltd enttluslaSllcally by Ihe BaUIC peoples, who wero delighted to be finally Iree of

~,~.) 0/ f 'jfiid In 1941 , arc oUered cakes by cIvIlian Vlomen It IS generally agreed the German "/I'.

Soviet dominatIOn The Inslgma on the front fender indicates that Ihls BMW R75 IS from the 151 compa· ny 01 the 115 diVISion's reconnaissance battalion (BA)

Three Kradschutzen ollhe 1st Panzer Division pose for the photographer in front of a sign indlcaMg the distance 10 lemngrad. TheIr BMW R75 ·Belwagenkrader- is marked as a vehicle from the 3rd company of the dl\'lSlon's reconnaissance banalion (BA)

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Leningrad

The folloWing two photos were taken during SS-Totenkopf DIVIsion's dnve towards leningrad in August 1941 At the lime, SS Totenkupf (under the command 01 SS-Gruppenluhrer Theodor Elcke) was attached to LVI A.K (mot) under General der Infantry von Mansteln These motorcyclists, probably belonging to SS-Totenkopf Aulkl. Abt , have stopped for a few moments The machine on thiS page appears to be the lighter OKW NZ350, unusually used with a sidecar here Somewhat underpowered It would have had some difficulty going across country wlIh four men Perhaps Ihe Romanian solder is being asked to leave l The machines on Ihe next page are both BMW R75 BClwagenkrader. (BA)

lett Tt Iradmelder (dispatch flders) were the busiest and best Informed soldiers In the German Army r/~ iI .1 \r;Ut: 109 up and down the line of advance, they were the hrst to learn 01any news and were • • f II) Pi! '. It along 10 the main body ThiS Kradmeldcr IS seen In the sector of the 18 Army III A ,'I j >1 1941 The emblem seen on the gas lank 01thiS DKW NZ350 IS a mystery (BA) Right:

TIllS Kradmelder 01 Panzergrenadler DNISlon Grossdeutschland was photographed dunng OperatlOf1 Blue III the summer 011942. Tills photo shows the wear and tedr 10 whlelllle and hiS mount \\~re exposed The sleeves 01 hiS held blouse have been carefully rolled up to e~l)Qse hiS cutf Irtli' tie W!"lIS \Jencral-purpose goggles, which were prowled With both cleat
Iho IISC 01 KlatllllcldCI contmucd to thl' w,1I !II cnd .If)(! the feltable BMW n l~ ICllldll1cd tho 1Il31n I.OnYf:f,lflU IhlS BMW IU~ UClw,l{JcnkJ,l(klf IS J mount ollhl P,IIl/Cf9rco,ldlcr I chr RCQlIlIcnt ollllc P.lnlCl t chI DIVISIOn TllIlI phOIOW,lS 1.lken dllono Ihe hflhlmQ /0 NOImandy In 1,IIe June 01 t944 ,md alilhe Ychlc.le!ll ,ue IIbcl,lIly coyeled wIth lollaoo 10 help hIde lIlom hom the .ll! I he laclJCdl symbol 01Ute P.IO/CII)ICna!llcf nCllullenl, a stylllCd hiltllrack wIth Ihc lclu t In Ihe 1111(1<110 till! be clr,llly scen hOle (OA)

Tank Recovery Vuh tctc M32 1ho M32 SCI lOS l.tnk nllCOVtllY Vuhlclo (tIW) !:,I,lIll'(1 lito ,IS thn IJ scnes tMsed on Ihe M4 Sherllhln CIl.lsSIS Tills SCIICS \'1,\<:; dulhOlilCd on 19 1'I1l1l1t(j113 A lIumlli'r 01 valiants WOIO evenltMl1y produced IIlCludllllj Ihe M32, M3?1l. M320? M3?B3 .111(1 M:I?1l4 tile 11151 M32 \V.IS bllsed on tho M2A2 ;lIld W,IS pfOduccd .lIlho 11111.1 I ocOmollYtl Works IUlhl \)Ultt .1

If .dtf b J 111'1 unknown number 01 M3?s Iwlwccn NOV/'Illber IC)tf" ,md M,ly t f)4'..J Abovo: Soyor,ll .rm~ 1 ad Itrfl!;IfI(I IlQ bl!;Jth ,war ChclhOurlJ on Novemtwr 41h, 1q4tf Ihc M3?B 1'<; wllh Ihell c,I"I 1/ ( ItI6 11'1/) I (,f)rnmoflty produced V,IIi,1II1 01O',1J wO!O obvlOIl~ly JU'il oil tn,ldcd ,Ill!! h,tVO 1101

tOI..1 01 U 1)(Ilw('O Il ,lIlilU 1(}II,1.lI1d I'IUUII',1 HH,I AnCllhtH IHIIIl,Lly llrudu(.!~r W,I', lIu' PII'~~I (j ~h II C,ll COlllp,)ny wht) jllu(ltlcrd 41'..J M3?~) IM "t~(1 un thu Mill'll f,I~1111I1i tmtW(:I'1I Ikt.t'lnh. I 1111 \ ,lIlU [)rccmbl'l 191,1 A1I11rd 111,mllllvolvcd W,I'; 111(1 1l,lldwllll o(:onlollvt\ Wurk, n,'lcI .... ,11 hlllil 16') vehicles hOlwrctl Nuvt'lIIbrr 1<),1,1 ,lIId JIIIlI' I' j·l~) A 111111111 tamp.my 1M I rill'r,11 M.1I "'111> .mll

hecn tompllJH!ly IIn!);ICk!!!! Ihn (lIlly Illtllkllill" /I',liI,11111' ,Uti Shljltlllill III IlkilltJ IItlllll)ltlU'i M4 ShOttTl.IlI'l .Im! M:Jb I,ttlk [)1",IruYCI\ (NAUA)

The fOllOwing three photos depict a couple of M32B \ ·s dOing thelf thing by helping out a Sherman with the Tt E3 Mine Rollers The rollers which were nICknamed Aunt Jemima - conSisted of fIVe 10 dlame· ter steel discs and were chain dmen The Whltmg Corporation dunng 1944 bUll! at least 200 sets of

these rollers and some were assigned to the 749th Tank Battalion m Europe They "ere \\ ~' usee r. both Normandy and the Itahan campaigns Notice all the supplemental protectIOn added by us 'l{I s.t"lObags on the Sides of the M32s In thiS case, SIX mmes blew out the shoulder ol ltle road " !)ere ttx

T1E3 was wOI1<.mg cauSing It \0 51 de oHlnlo solt grooM The Ta.f1 1\ Batt
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This M32A 1 has maridngs for !he 609th. wbtn was a part of the 10!h Tank DlVlslOO. ThIs vetil cle has the marklngs A609 on lhe left side and C·28 on lhe nghl The 609Ih was a Tank Destroyer Company and was Involved In the Battle for Bastogne ThiS photo was taken neat Baslogne on January 14111, 1945 (NARA)

Sherman DOThe M4 Sherman Duplex Dove (or DO) Tar..: was probably one 01 Ifle most ungainly loo~no U S BntJsh Swct Weapons· 01 'NW1I The Bntlsh aSSlQned ttle de~I;'" opmenl 01thiS speclalued lank to none other than Mator Generai llobarl Ule commander 01 the Bnllsh Funn.es 79th Armored DIVIsion Ollglnal1y Valenhne tanks were gOing to be used but thaI was changed 10 Ihe M4 Sherman These swtlnmlng tanks were supposed 10 playa ma)Ol' role In the 100tiat 0 Day landings by providing Ifle troops carty armor support All three malar landing fOices the U S BntJsh and Canadians used these tanks The screen was held by a steel nng, which wenl around the tanks body The tank was a normal Sherman lank Two plOpeliers were Iltted to the rear 01 Ule tank to plOpel the lank In the water The concept was tor the Sherman DO lank With .ts screen up to dllve IIlIO the sea lrom a landing crall and uSing the propeliers, swtln towards the beach When the tank reached the beach, It would lower rts screen At that porntll would oper ate like a normal tank In Ihe U S Army Ihese tanks were aSSigned 10 Ihe 741s1 Tank Battahon but were launched

~ troll{

loor kilometers from tile beach because oltM timidIty 01 the naval crews INJ'J!he I.1nks were supposed to operalc only In seas of one·fool swells, but on O·Oay they f~ f; IChI wav~'" "!hat madc It worse was the tanks were released In a posltlon so they had to turn Nofl dI) the "aves to head for thell aSSigned beJch ThiSmcant tho waves wcrc hillJflg thom :I'~ rhf; f~1t Wij$ U sank and only Iwo, who Jpparenlly had oxpcncnced sail boat skippers, ~ IJ IOIr4 1ddlt a numbElr 01 the tanks sank WithIn 1000 yards ol lhe beech alter having ~,.1

survIVed the long lOp from the ships The Bnllsh and Canadians falred moch beuer sroce theIr Navy 'elcase the DDs ctoser to ShOff and In the nght place Above' ThiS 00 IS spccdlOQ along WIth lis shroud near Braunshorn, Germany on March 24, 1945 The IWtn plOpSCdfl lle seen mlhe" raised P051bOO The Ilumber A 8 has becn painted on the Icar ollhc shrOUd WIUl a IIghl background square behind rt Thl:) numbcr allowed Ill!! easy IdcnllhcallOfl 01 tanks when they were SWlllImulq (NARA)

fI'Ms DO has come 10 onel near the Rhille RIVer ., tnt FfifI thai: ar.ta 01 Germany on March 2'6ttl 1945 The tank was attached 10 the ltd Lo'aooy R'IjW1leI1t at that bme Th~ we" burned MotA 1 apparemty had lUst exrted the waif(, Since

!:he propellef shafts are stiR down and there IS a ...."," and ~. presetVer on ttle!JlOOnd (NARA)

The following photos deplCl Company A 01 the 781Sf Tank Battalion training With the DD tank near BI"au Germany The large shroud. when raised. obscures the dnver's view, so the tank commander has to talK 10 him over the Intercom system, which had long extensiOO cords proVided lor thiS purpose Notice the speCla, I(fIer on Ihe rear of the tank (NARA)

The b"", beglOS to slow enter ltle water The bed 01 the I ~er has been specialty prepared lor the training seSSIOn ,ote the propeller assemblies In this shot (NARA)

Here, the tank IS probably sllil reSting 0fI the bed 01 the nver The 00 Sherman was notonous for ItS ~mrted freeboard and there !s strll a considerable amount 01 canvas ShoVltng (NAHAJ

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-

Tt':smg the vehtcle's abllrty to negotIate a raised bank, ttIIS crew has decided 10 lower the shroud 10 allow a !X'tter 'IIeW fm exnlOQ the waler n IS odd thaI there IS 110 Sign of life preservers They must have a lo! of conhdence In their noatalJOn capability (NARA)

Here. a very clean Sherman lank has eXIted the nver and lowered lIs Uolallon screen. Notice the T-54 steel tracks (NARA)

was bolted 10 !he front bogie 01 the vehICle This provided a stable mountmg lor the blade anns An all PtJmp Onven by the power from the tank operated the blade It was reported by dnvers that a Sherman wlttll1\!s blade had very poor maneuverability due to the extra weight on the nose of the tank Above:

This late M4A 1 Sherman dozer tank apparently has both a whitewash and real snow cam<Xif\aQE' C1" t The tracks have the duckbtll extenSIOns It IS seen ronlng through Malmedy Belgium 00 Ja"uar) 13t 1945 (NARA)

An M4A3 dozer lank helping out a deuce and a ha~ that 901 m o~er Its head III the lawn at Mero!e, Germany on Fenruary 19th 1945 The Sherman has the T54 sleel tracks \'11111 the doc~ s NotICe the two sets of spare track blocks 00 eacn side on the rear deck ThiS M4A3 IS parI 01the 784 Tank Battalion I04th Infantry DIVISIOn (NARA!

SJst'd on the marKIngs. this M4A3 belongs to the 714th Tank The 12th Annored OlVlslon was JCt\.ate<1on 15 September 1942 at Camp Campbell, Kentucky. It

SJtta;.oo, 12th Armored DNlslOl1

..... as oeployed to the European theatre In December 1944, where rt $dW heavy actIOn lor the rest 01 the war Here we see another v.llJtewash camouflage fOb The vehicle markings Include 714 on tne nght side and B18 on Ine Jeft meaning It belonged to B Company (NARA)

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To dIScuss the T15/M281f241M291M29C tracked cargo carner ~Weasel .· but not menllOn It's top-secret mission, "Project Plough ~ and it's shared ongm WIth the First Special Service Force would be a disservice to them both. The U.S Weasel had an Intriguing and highly secrehve beginning Ear1y In 1942 a bonian!, mventlVc and somewhat eccentne BntJsh cIvilian sClenust had an idea Geoffrey Nalhane! Pyke was a man known for his mlngwng and outrageous mvenlJons and Ideas. Pyke's plan, "Mastery of the Snows' targeted HIUer's heavy water production In Norway. The Idea of Hitler getting an atomic bomb was a senous threat at this lime Pyke's plan took advantage of the long penOd of snow cover 10 Northern Europe that he felt may gIVe the Anles a much needed advantage Other targets In Pyke's plan Included the hydroelectnc power plants In Norway, along WIth the Romanian 011 production at Ploesll and the italian hydroelectnc statIOns. The Norway mission Involved a large commando lorce of 2,000 to 4,000 men eqUIpped With speCial snow machines 10 be air dropped Inlo the snow covered targets The snow machines would be dropped from the bomb bays 01 lancaster bombers This com· mando force would attack In mass and surgically ellml' nate strategic targets that were otherwrse drlficult 10 hit wrth aenal bombardment Pyke lelt HrUer would need to counter thiS attack In the snow. which would force hllt1 to WIthdraw troops and resources away from other fronts. espeCially the raging RUSSian lront This speCial commando force was the famous First SpeCial ServICe Force also known as the Black Oevil Bngade Their training With the Weasel would take them to Fort WI 13m Henry Hamson, Helena Montana Th is page: An M29 negollates a Treadway Bndge If! France dunng the summer of t 944 (NARA)

., It'- of YVJ " machine to create lor thiS miSSion was strongly debated Many designs were lested. "'ot: Rusc,!<jn tlKL 16141 propeller dnven sleds, 10 the Marmon Hernngton designed and

t. rftl

~.If(j¥~ iN' "}ht tracked carner to Jeeps wllh balloon lues In Ihe end the U S insisted on a iIf.f o;.r) f ~~

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In oHler 10 qet the large volume 01machines needed they would nced to ullllZe one 01 J S ilU'() manufacturers The Studebaker CorporatIOn of South Bend Indtana was asked ,f

they could bUild the new snow machine Once the specs were nailed down Studebaker produced a prototype In only 34 days This machine was soon named the Weasel and for a 90 day penod was highly classlhed At the time, It had a higher pnonty than the Bt 7 and was pnontJzed lust under the AtomiC Bomb The target date for the start 01 these miSSIOns was the end 01 December 1942 Thlse ealty T15s are seen at Camp Crowder MO In the spnng 011943 (NARA)

Thp. Ilrst Weasel prolOlype was ovcr 161ccllong wClqhl!d In at 7.000 Ibs and was pOl'lcred by a Sfudeb(lkf;f (ChampiOn) sIX-cylinder enqllle mounted 111 the cenler 01 the vehicle Scatll1g for two was plar..ed one behind the other In Irani 01 the engine and a f')Ower take 011 turned a rear tunnel·mounted pro~ r lor amphibiOUS operation As It turned out U11~ was the only propeller dllven Weasel deslon TestlnQ soon began III Canada s Columbia Glacier 111 l3rltr!>h Columbia With engineers and elemenls 01

the 87th Infantry MounlalO Regiment The Weasel speclflcallOns reqUIred 1\ 10 be air transportJb salely {lIorllled by parachu1e and carry a load 01 1.200 Ills It W(lS also fCqulted 10 c~mb .a 30 Oi!C't.>e hili. have a range 01225 miles 1urn In 11 radiUS 01 12 leel or less l,lSt 1000 mill'S and tr.l\lt"a 0130 miles an hoUi over snow Also. 111\ was to be abandoned II would be 11IIcd y,.l!h.l sefl-dt'. deVice I hiS shot was also taken at Camp Crowder In carty march of 19-13 (NARA)

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ptQtotype was not well suited for snowy condrIJons There was always a trade 011 for cargo crew space as the Weasel evolved The second Weasel prolotype, the TIS proved 10 be ,f oow The length was shortened 10 10'·8 and the weight was reduced to 4,600 Ibs The engine ." rl:JII \rJCat~d Ifl the rear and seatmg was placed In front 01the engine, again one IrI lronl 01Ihe , ,~rhe M lliJ'> unarmOred and made with IS-gauge steel TIS's eqUipped wllh lour 48·1001 cargo

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parachutes per vehicle were tested at Wngh! Field With C·S4 Skymaster alrcral! The fustIest was a ellSasler bulthe follOWing tests turned out to be satisfactory ThiS photo depicts a VISrt by Army lt General McNair (sealed In the forward vehicle) The floul~ neX! to the Tl5 IS Major General Robertson com mander of 2nd Infantry DIVISion The location IS Camp McCoy, WI (NARA)

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IN: la')l p,lccd dc\tclopmenl program was clOSing 111, Ihe Cilrly stages 01 Weasel dc\telopmenl d 24 hour. seven day ,1 wcek workJo,ld The T15 soon bccamc Ihc M28 wllh lew changes, yel 11 ,:>1r!1 proved 10 be troublesome lhe problem 01lhfOWI119 tr(lcks remained AddlhOnal1y, 11115 model, Wllh Ib enQl11t' In the rC,l[ tended to dig Ilselt Into the snow The 11SIM?S used lronl mounted sprockets 10 drwe ,,"kl{'ss traclo:s nlcse were made 01ruhher encased endless tWisted sleel Ctlble wrth sleel plates

rCQlhred

I1veled on ApprOXimately 1.000 T151M28 machines were burll The canled road ..... neels 01 the

1I 5 M28 can be seen well In Ihls photo laken a\ Camp James lake. MI on March 5th. 19"3 The u~ t ~ the 3rd Gallahan ollhe 381h Infantry Regiment Stowage racks for skies and a 30 cat machine glA were prOVided along the upper hull (NARA)

11)e fl€'N 124 was a major change In design The engine was placed amidships now, wllh Ihe driver !O 'ot left and the batteoes and gas tank to the right This compact arrangementlelt a fanly large cargo 'Jf!!'
h: !r~ If) the rear and tile Iink,less lfack design Ylas retained. One detail of mterest was Ihe demolf~on ~f:(~ Iiy;~ed behind the center bulkhead If the vehicle were to be abandoned. a charge would be sci ftrid C fI'jlJltj dt'}101 the transmission and boltom of the hull This was never utilized and many olthc

soldiers who used the Weasel did not even know It was there The M29 was introduced with few changes from the T24. A powerful hand controlled spotlight was mounted in front of the dnver and a Wide range 01 U.S and British radios could be fitted In the rear compartment One of the obvIOUS changes from the T24 to the M29 was the addition of track guards with footsteps These steps were added starting with no 2·' 02. This M29 IS loaded to the gills With sleds and skiS dunng a wliliel training miSSion where Ihe vehicle's load capacity was tested (NARAJ

War plans wefe chanqlng to Include the InvaSion 01 tho coast 01 fIance Thele were only 24 lancaster bombl rs operatIOnal althls lime and Ihese could 1101 be freed up hom then raids 10 airdrop Ihe Weasels 11110 NorwJY Stcuflty was always
dropped Irom rts TO&( The sabotage vehicle status of the Weasel was now chaflQed to c go c stalus fOI dlfllcult terrain and combat zones 1I00lcally. the neK1 stop lor Ihe Weasel an
,. hi! e~(}IU1JOn ollhe Weasel conbnued, there was always a concern 10 make ,I more amphibious The MXI 'Iould lloat and had special drain plugs In Ihe hull but II had very htUe freeboard. II was slow and 1M ~)f &teer 1If~ lin the waler Oulboard molO/S were tested to help rliise the speed, bul none were suc· r 1 The b
out and to the fear and 1I0laiion tanks were added fronl and alt to help gain more freeboard To aid III keeping walCr Irom over-spilling Into the lront 01 Ule hull. a surl shlekl was Installed This shield could be raised or lowered depending on the roughness of the surl Steeling was helped considerably by the addilion ollw," rudders controlled by a \tiler al the lronl 01 the dnver's SlatlOll and an engine po .... cr dnv en Winch helped gellhe Weasel out of tough srtualJOns ThiS IS anolher T24 wlltllhe SpeclJI 1>OIt:. on the hull Sides Nol1ce Ule different camouflage pattern compared to the prevIOUs plctule (NARA)

be NeaSl!l tru.ec;l .....!ltl the lOU1 Mountain DlvlSIOfI at Camp

"'aIe CooYado ttJtS mat ~ where this photo was taken This. ~f:' to be an earlt M29 WIth front crank s.lart hole 2Q·lnch ·fac."~ aM traci' guards with step plates. (fenders) along the ~..ol

Itle '() ll er ruN sides INARA)

124 IP.dd.l)(jlhllllack With 124s Or early M29's IOIiOWlflij They arc aU 1il1llll) the later wide r~ ~4d T24 hit!. the two scts of nlfle bolts on tho hull sldcs lor a sci 01hlOhly classIfied brack IMJ'j t:1!\tIU',I.j~IS leel thcse brackets were 10f all droPIllll0 by parachuto Another credible opulion IS J;j

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thaI they wcrc lor a deep crCV,lSSC dClcclmg syslem nllS IS a I}OO
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.1 T21 w Ih the IMrTO\"t', I J Il1rl1l(,ICIo. .md h,md cr,mk .lrCl'SS holr 111 the lower lront hull An I fl' no cit t IIII~ lilt' \\\0 snMIl noh\ ,mqlt' hl,Il'\o.I'ls on the Ul'lPCf liOnl hulllll.lle on c,lch side 01 the I Th SI' Yo!'lt' u".'d 10 1ll0llnt thl' hrtlsh (JU,lItilll ,llm"t'l position The Ilonlll'95 01 the brush guard ""ould I lholl M ()t' IOWI'lcd !llmn 10 Iht'St' llr,lcJ.;.cls Also ollfllcrcst ,111." lIle u'Sh,lped br.lckels Jllhe

lronl most edge ollhe upper IranI hull This IS where the windshield would rest ,1"el ~"enng rhe'::.wd The hre C)'lIngulshcr was mounted at the front hull top. tustin front 01 the dm er as st'en!left' 't;Jl.,' ,\150 be mounted at the leU reaf hull top (NARA\

A M29C 01 the 12th Army Group HO IS In lIs element on November 14th, 1944 Nole the rows of bolts at 1M Side of the hut! and below !he ~ponsons for lt1e fronl liotatJOn lank and also the absence 01the o/\Il ne crank statler access hole C models were built Without the ~k~ but with the mounlLng pOints only earty In production The tanks h':ft:: later added as krts once production was well under way (NARA)

\,,),t '\l(' 11.1 II!r'd ~(1)Jt\'!' (h,lt) (,Ul tit' "l'fO 1\1'11' ,10,1111 WllhOU\ \Ill' l bl.1fi lJrll.., HII' h.\t·h~ .111' p.\l'kNI :-olld 1\1111 mud ,111(1 II ,IPlll\U~ t'l..tll'!l\" f\.lrtk' thW\\Hlq (.II(j(\ 11.1,1 PH'Vl(lU::IV IWI'Il lIIltn,uj('!t 01 I:. Pil~ " 'Ii)- 1l\'II
An earty C model can be seen here painted m olive drab A spotlight slIlI pam ted In white IS seen In ItS stowage posrtJOn at tilC nght rear Inside hull location Thc gas !Iller cap at the top nght Irani hutl can be seen well here and also the metal wire mesh exhaust guard at the ughl rear The radical pOSitIon of thiS Weasel IS 01 no concern to Ihls driver All III a day'S work (NARA)

"-'29

is

transporlJnQ a wounded so/(lter MedICal Uaqs have been nappears that Ihe canvas lOp

UstIed to the lop of the wmdshl(!ld frame ~

nave ather been !>foken or have been hastily laken apart 78th

().v'1OO Qftl Army January 301h 1945 (NARA) (

,

'I I"~ :.tpiJl"I$ rll;;lIol'fl" wet" tfJ~t';d wllh ItlO We,I'Jfll Ihmo View minI) Clf),UU10 1I)1I1l1'). 10 ,lIld ~ c..ak..r '11&. al~ ttf.l)lllf:,)'» ntlc~ 10 nJrn(l 1u')l d low SOOllJ 01tIlf;'JO YlI!/C ul!llJIJd Illn 1110'11 '0'11"6 not IW I I.A: .liJ\ btf-tt'')U III tho Wflil'lIJ~ hQhl ij;llJfjfJ 'lIf~ct !Iutl ll1l'> M?I) With C mOflf:1 "OI,tHOU hlllnU\

/1,1\ ON:n Whllll w,l~lI!;d Jnl! 1\ WOfluctln(J ,I !IliA Iuur With fJll'lnhl ( ROUlt) SqlMd on J,mUJfY ?11d I'WI (NARA)

AllhOIl(lll the W,w,\'1 wdS Oll(lllh111y (tCSIQI}t'(t IO! OPCI,111011111 the snow, Iht! WC;Jscl performed well In ,III IYI)!''; 01 tW,lIn Irom 111111111111 SUtJpllt'S UUOuQh IUly, t ..lIlC/.' ,lild Gerlll;\IlY 10 supplYlIlg the M(lrmes nl tht' \oun11 ,11 (',\.. 01 till' lunol,' mtllc l\lClhr ,md \]eulI\{J downed 1)llots oul 01 sw,unps TIm Wc,l sel W,IS ,11')0 t}()lwl-u hI! rUllfllnQ l'Ornrnu!lIC,UIOn c,lhlt) thmll(Jh Jllst ,Ibout ,my typo 01 torf;lIn you could 11ll,l\llnO Wt' '''t Is 'M'It' hit, d w,lh y,ml\lls Wllt'll' sS ",'Is ,lilt! Wt'l\l IIsl'(1 ,IS Gomm,ltld vehicles by the Bntlsh In the

attack 011 Walchcren Island n1ere me accounts of Weasels on Walcheren gOing nghl o\'t'r m~ ftelijs with Ihenlow ground pressure tracks nlls photo shows a long line of M29C's of the 96tt1 1oi antrl DIYISlon on Okinawa on Apnl2nd, 1945 The front surf guards arc stowed back while not l>eIf'Q f't'fJt>(' ,md the strotchcr IJrackets can be seen here along the center bulkhead and engine hood {N~RA.\

f'JI I I)[IJ II! bwlrJ tho Wf~ d'!f,j with ',IUllf)tJ,lkr:r PM"" hul with till! 11M Wrllll1!l tu ,III limn: fill kIWI,:r rWI;(Jr;r! III)J)f(IJ(lm,JlL\~ IO,h41 M:'lfIC'l wml; hurl1 ,110111) willI [)/111J

e 1II't' 1;111 /4 ~'I',

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,1:1 (,frlrlltlutd IU ',()I cJ!(~( 1J!11h1l11l1l1hfl111Ulll!flrilllr [lO',t war [lIJIIOII "( hUy wtJfllllr'JI

'I hi If nOlii'I t ,IJ4It1II~. r ',1 A.,ltllll 11)4h Ihl: Inml.lIl1,tIIlfJ(1 til /JIll Cr,ll!'. ,Hlet lJ'rmJ IIHlIll/lXhJI! t

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Ifwt f (t/,IIIf.t IhlJ WI;,I',IJ W,I'> Idf:;rlly .,1 1111:(110 11m II,lf 'lh t..omlilIO(l" oj tlUI KI)/U,III Willtlc,t

,Inri ~lHv lJd lIu;fl) WIlli hll1l1 Arflly ,11111 M,lnn(~ unrt.,

rtlC NOfWI)IJI,1/1 ,rrmy U'>I:c1t/rf! W,',r..,t!! rl<Jhl up IJIIIII

11m 1'laO ., rtu:y wero ,IISO u.,(;(lln Swr:cJlm ,lt ld Arrt,rrctrc ('xpIOr,11I01iIlfCJlJ"h1I1Hl Iho IOllolto.,1rOOlon', In lhe wont! tllHnl

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Wt.hl~'

mlu IImtl III

m,IflY !leUd Cd!)'> dl:SIIJlwd rill tlw WI',h(;1 10 hell) III krl'lJ

Ilin 'lfl!lW, w,rtOr and cold W(j,rltlilt out [trl', 1111010 .,tIOW'. ,1 tehl M?I)t; III tf);1 (NAHAJ