Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary - Study Notes

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY • • •

• •

There are literally thousands of medical terms. It would be very difficult to memorize the meaning of each and every word. Most of the terms have a Greek or Latin origin. However, it is not necessary to learn each and every word. A more efficient approach is to learn the basic word parts and recognize them in a word. The vocabulary will be broken down in to 3 categories: 1. Prefix - word part attached to the beginning of a word root and modifies its meaning. 2. Root - contains the fundamental meaning of the word. 3. Suffix - word part attached to the end of a word root to modify its meaning. On Monday and Wednesday at the beginning of the period, you will copy down 5 vocabulary words, the meaning of each word, and an example of the use of the word. On Friday, you will take a quiz where you will have to define the 10 words for that week. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY

PREFIX#1 1.a2.paracervix. 3.amnio-

4.ante5.cyescondition 6. tendin7. alb8. peri-

9. nulli10. alve-

not, without. Atresia: A (without) + tresia (perforation). Not having an opening. beside, beyond. Paracervical: Para beside) + cervical (cervix). Next to the uterine “para” sounds like “pair” amnion or membraneous fetal sac. Amniocentesis: Amnio (fetal sac) + centesis (puncture). The removal of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis. “amnio” sounds like “I am new”. before. Anterior: Ante (before) + rior (foremost). The front portion of a structure. “ante” sounds like “auntie”. pregnancy. Pseudocyesis: Psuedo (false) +cyes (pregnant) + esis (condition). A in which a woman believes she is pregnant. “cyes” sounds like “sighs”. fibrous band. Tendinitis: Tendin(tendons) + itis (inflammation). The inflammation of the tendons. “tend” sounds like “ten”. white. Albino: An individual with a lack of coloring pigment in the skin eyes, and hair. “alba” sounds like “album”. around. Pericardium: Peri (around) + cardium(heart). A fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels. “peri” sounds like “Perry”. none. Nullipara: Nulli (none) + para (childbirth). A woman who has not yet delivered an infant. “nulli” sounds like “no light”. channel, cavity. Alveolitis: Alve (cavity) + ol (small) + itis (inflammation). An allergic inflammation of the alveoli.

PREFIX#2 11.lacrim12.lei13.nephr-

tears. Lacrimal gland: Lacrim (tears) + - al (related to), The lacrimal gland secretes tears. “lacrim” sounds like “lake rim” smooth. Leiodermia: Leio (smooth) + derm (skin) + ia (condition). Smooth skin. “leio” sounds like “lying”. kidney. Nephritis: Nephr (kidney) + -itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the kidney. “nephr” sounds like “nephew”.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

14.crypto15.aur16. cry17. dia18. eti19. bi20. meta-

hidden. Cryptogenic: Crypto (hidden) + genic (origin). A disease whose origin is unknown. “crypto” sounds like “crept” ear. Auricle: Aur (ear) + i + cle (small). The outer part of the ear. “auri” sounds like “oar” cold. Cryotherapy: Cry (cold) + therapy . Treatment using cold. across. Diaphragm: Dia (cross) +phragm (muscular wall). The muscle that goes across the chest cavity. “dia” sounds like “diary”. causing disease. Etiology: Eti (causing disease) + logy (study of). The study of the caused of disease. “eti” sounds like “eating”. two. Binocular: Bi (two) + ocular (eye). Having two eyes. “bi” sounds like “bicycle”. change of exchange. Metamorphosis: Meta (change) + morph (shape) + osis (condition). A change in shape. “meta” sounds like “ met a”.

PREFIX#3 21. exmany 22. noct23. poly24. ecto25. myo26. brady27. dys28. trans29. supra30. eusuffering.

outside, without. Exoskeleton: Ex (outside) + skeleton. The hard outer covering of invertebrates. night. Nocturia: Noct (night) + uria (urination). Excessive urination at night. “noct” sounds like “knock”. many, much. Polymorphous: Poly (many) + morp (shape) + ous (relating to). Changing in structure or form at different stages. “poly” sounds like “police”. outside, misplaced. Ectoderm: Ecto (ouside) + derm (skin). The outer layer of cells in the embryo. “ecto” sounds like “octopus” muscle. Myocardium: Myo (muscle) + card (heart) + ium. The muscle of the heart. “myo” sounds like “my O” slow. Bradypnea: Brady (slow) + pnea (breathing). An abnormally slow rate of breathing. “brady” sounds like “braid” painful or difficult. Dysmenorrhea: Dys (painful) + men (month) + rrhea (bursting forth). Painful menstruation. across, through. Transducer: Trans (through) + duc (lead) + er (agent of). An electronic device that sends and receives a soundwave signal. above or over. Suprapatellar: Supra “above” + patell (kneecap) + ar (related to). Above the patella. normal, well, good. Euthanasia: Eu (normal) + thanas (death) + ia (condition). Bringing about the death of someone with an incurable disease, in an attempt to alleviate “eu” sounds like “you”

PREFIX#4 31. pan32. rhabdoA 33. scler34. ton35. sym36. sub-

all. Panacea: Pan (all) + acea (remedy). A remedy that is imagined to cure all ills. striated, rod shaped. Rhabdomyoma: Rhabdo (striated) + myo (muscle) + oma (tumor). tumor of the striated muscle. “rhabdo” sounds like “rabbit”. hard. Sclera: Scler (hard) + a (singular noun). The hard white membrane covering the front of the eye. “sclera” sound like “skull” pressure, tension. Tonometer: Ton (pressure) + 0 + meter (instrument for measuring). An instrument that measures pressure in the eyeball. with, together. Symmetry: Sym syn (together) + metry (measure). A correspondence of body parts on both sides of the body. under. Subcutaneous: Sub(under) + cutaneous (skin). Underneath the skin.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

37. hemi38. pre39. post40. photo-

half. Hemiplegia: Hemi (half) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of one side of the body. before. Prefrontal: Pre (before) + front (front) + al (related to). Related to extreme front of the brain. after, behind. Post Partum: Post (after) + Partum (birth). An example is postpartum care, or “after-birth” care. light. Photophobia: Photo (light) + phobia (fear). An aversion to light.

PREFIX#5 41. phon42. per43. neo44. multi45. micro46. intra47. inter48. hyp49. hyper50. epi-

voice sound. Phonation: Phon (voice) + ation (process). The production of speech sounds through the vibration of the voice cords. throughout. Percutaneous: Per (through) + cutaneous (skin). A procedure performed through the skin. new. Neonate: Neo (new) + nate (birth). A newborn baby. many. Multiparous: Multi (many) + par (birth) + -ous (relating to). Having given birth to more than one child. small. Microsurgery: Micro (small) + surgery. Surgery on very small physical structures. within, inside. Intravenous: Intra (inside) + venous (veins). Inside the veins. between. Intercostal muscles: Inter (between) + cost (ribs) + al (related to) muscles. Between the ribs. below, not enough. Hypoglycemia: Hypo (below) + glyc (sugar) + emia (blood). Low blood sugar. above or excessive. Hyperpnea: Hyper (excessive) + pnea (breathing). Abnormally excessive rapid breathing. covering, on, upon. Epidemic: Epi (covering) + demic (people). Disease covering a large area and many people.

PREFIX AND SUFFIX#6 51. andr52. cyst53. biotissue 54. auto55. anor 56. -cele tissue 57. -ectas expansion 58. -pexy 59. -scopy

male. Androgen: Andr (male) + gen (to produce). Any hormone that increases male characteristics. bladder or sac. Cystectomy: Cyst (bladder/sac) + ectomy (surgical removal). Surgical removal of all or part of the bladder. life. Biopsy: Bio (life) + opsy (look at). The examination of a small piece of living in order to establish a diagnosis. self. Autoplasty: Auto (self) + plasty (to shape). Surgery in which parts of the patients own tissues are used to replace other parts. without. Anemia: An (without) + emia (blood). A condition in which blood in absent, there is not enough blood. swelling, hernia. Cystocele: Cyst (bladder) + o + cele (swelling). A swelling of the of the lung through an opening in the chest. extension, dilatation. Pharyngectasis: Pharyng (throat) + ectas (stretching). The of the throat. surgical fixation. Cecopexy: Cec (cecum) + o + pexy (surgical fixation). Surgery that reduces the movement of the cecum, or the first part of the large intestine. visual examination. Rhinoscopy: Rhino (nose) + scopy (visual examination). The visual examination of the interior passages of the nose.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

60. -plasty

surgical repair. Otoplasty: Oto (ear) + plasty (surgical repair). Surgery performed on the external ear.

Suffix#7 61. -malacia 62. -opia 63. -penia 64. -coccus 65. -ptosis 66. -plegia 67. -ectomy 68. -ician 69. -phobia confined 70. -rrhage

softening of tissue. Osteomalacia: Osteo (bone) + malacia (softening). Softening of the bones. nearsightedness. Diplopia: (Dipl) (double) + opia (near sighted). Double-vision. deficiency. Leukopenia: Leuk (white) + o + penia (deficiency). Leukopenia is a deficiency of white blood cells. berry-shaped bacterium. Streptococcus: Strepto (twisted) + coccus (berry-shaped). A genus of cocus-type bacteria responsible for a wide range of human diseases. dropping, falling. Glossoptosis: Gloss (tongue) + o + ptosis (falling). Downward displacement of the tongue. paralysis. Hemiplegia: Hemi (half) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of one side of the body. surgical removal. Mastectomy: Mast (breast) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of a breast. specialist. Pediatrician: Ped (children) + iatr (treatment) + ician (specialist). A specialist in the treatment of children. fear. Claustrophobia: Claustro (closed) + phobia (fear). The fear of enclosed or spaces. bursting forth. Hemorrhage: Hemo (blood) + rrhage (bursting forth). Profuse bleeding.

Suffix #8 71. -phagia 72. -algia 73. -metry 74. -asthen 75. -itis 76. -osis 77. -stenosis heart. 78. -poiesis 79. -paresis 80. -ostomy

eat, injest. Osteophagia: Osteo (bone) + phagia (consume). A process in which certain bone cells consume an rebuild bone tissue during growth and repair. pain. Neuralgia: Neur (nerves) + algia (pain). Nerve pain. measure. Geometry: Geo (earth) + metry (measure). Literally, the measurement of the earth. weakness. Phlebasthenia: Phleb (vein) + asthen (weakness) + ia (condition). Weakness of a vein. inflammation. Adenitis: Aden (gland) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of a gland. a condition. Narcosis: Narc (drugs) + -osis (a condition). The condition of being drugged. narrowing or constriction. Aortic stenosis: The narrowing of the aorta of the formation or production. Leukopoesis: Leuk (white) + o + poesis (formation). The formation of white blood cells. partial paralysis. Hemiparesis: Hemi (half) + paresis (partial paralysis). Paralysis of one half of the body. surgical opening. Tracheotomy: -otomy Trache (trachea) + otomy (to cut into). An opening through the neck into the trachea.

Suffix#9 81. -gram

record, drawing. Mammogram: Mamm (breast) + o + gram (record). An x-ray recording the structures within the breast.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

82. -megaly 83. -meter 84. -oid 85. -drome 86. -graph 87. -lysis

88. -phragm 89. -ole lung. 90. -centesis

enlarged. Cardiomegaly: Cardi (heart) + o + -megaly (enlarged). A condition in which the heart is enlarged. measuring instrument. Thermometer: Therm (heat) + o + meter (measuring instrument). An instrument for measuring temperature. resembling. Mastoid: Mast (breast) + -oid (resembling). Resembling the breast. moving together. Syndrome: Syn (union) + drome (moving together). Signs and symptoms occurring together and having a common cause. record. Sonographer: Sono (sound) + graph (record) + er (one who does). A sonogram techician. break down, detach. Dialysis: Dia (through) + lysis (separate of loosen). A procedure in which waste materials are removed from the blood of a person with advanced kidney disease. muscular wall. Diaphragm: Dia (across) + phragm (muscular wall). The muscular wall that goes across the thoracic cavity just below the lungs. small. Bronchiole: Bronchi (air passage) + ole (small). The small airways of the respiratory system, form the larger bronchi into the lobes of the puncture of cavity. Paracentesis: Para (through) + centesis (puncture of cavity). Any procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a bodily cavity.

Suffix#10 91. -crit 92. -clasia condition). 93. -phasia 94. -ism 95. -stasis 96. -oma 97. path98. ren-

99. pro100. cortic-

to separate. Hematocrit: Hemato (blood) + crit ( to separate). A measure of the packed cell volume of red blood cells. crushing or breaking. Osteoclasia: Osteo (bone) + clas (crushing) + ia(diseased The degeneration of bone through disease. speech. Dysphasia: Dys (bad) + phasia (speech). Difficulty in speaking. state or condition. Autism: Aut (self) + ism (a state or condition). A psychological state of extreme withdrawl. stoppage, control. Hemostasis. Hemo (blood) + stasis (stoppage). Stopping of blood flow. swelling or tumor. Carcinoma: Carcin (cancer) + oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor. disease, suffering. Pathogenesis: Path (disease) + o + genesis (origin). The origin of disease. kideny. Adrenal: Ad (toward) + ren (kidney) + al (pertaining to). Pertaining to the adrenal gland. before, in front of. Progeria: Pro (before) + ger (old age) + -ia (diseased condition). Progeria means early aging. cortex or outside organ layers. Cortical: Cortic (outside organ layer) + al (relating to). Related to cortex - as in cortical fracture; a fracture of the outer layers of bone.

ROOT#11 101. kerat 102. strepto-

hard, horny. Keratolysis: kerato (hard) + lysis (loosening). The loosening and shedding of the outer layer of the skin. twisted. Streptococcus: Strepto (twisted) + coccus (berry-shaped). A genus of round or spherical bacteria responsible for a wide range of human diseases.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

103. -tome 104. tricho105. hyster 106. myc107. necr108. onychinfection 109. pachy110. placent-

ROOT#12 111. radicul a 112. cerebell 113. thym 114. splen 115. thromb other 116. synov 117. oophor 118. stern 119. pupill 120. fibr

cutting instrument. Osteotome: Osteo (bone) + tome (cutting instrument). A surgical instrument for cutting through bone. hair. Trichopathy: tricho (hair) + pathy (disease). Any disease involving the hair. uterus. Hysterectomy: Hyster (uterus) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of the uterus. fungus. Dermatomycosis: Dermato (skin) + myc (fungus) + osis (condition). An infection of the skin. dead. Necrosis: necr (dead) + osis (condition). The death of localized tissues resulting from illness or injury. nail. Onychomycosis: onycho (nail) + myc (fungus) + osis (condition). A fungal of the nails. thick. Pachydactyly: Pachy (thick) + dactyly (fingers). An abnormal thickening of the fingers and toes. organ that supports the fetus. Placental scan. Imagery used to locate theplacenta and detect bleeding.

nerve root. Radiculitis: Radicul (nerve root) + itis (inflammation). The inflammation of spinal nerve root. posterior portion of brain.: Cerebellospinal: cerebell (thecerebellum) + o + spinal. Leading from the cerebellum to the spine. gland in chest. Thymosin: Thym (thymus gland) + osin (hormone). An immunologic hormone secreted by the thymus gland. spleen. Splenomegaly: Splen (the spleen) + o + megaly (enlargement). The abnormal enlargement of the spleen. clot. Thrombbolytic: thromb (vein) + o + lyt (loosening) + ic (substance). A drug or agent that dissolves clots. synovial membrane. Synovitis: Synov (synovial membrane) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the synovial membrane. ovary. Oophorectomy: Oophor (ovary) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of one or both ovaries. sternum, breastbone. Suprasternal: Supra (above) + stern (sternum) + al (related to). Above the sternum. center of eye. Pupilloplegia: pupill (center of eye) + o + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of the pupil. fibers. Fibrin: A stringy blood protein formed during clotting.

ROOT#13 121. myel 122. myel 123. kyph 124. ischi spines. 125. ili 126. cervic

spinal cord. Myelodysplasia: myelo (spinal columnd) + dys (bad) + plasia (growth). Abnormalities of the lower spinal cord. bone marrow. Myelogram: myelo (bone marrow) + gram (record). A graphic representation of the different kinds of cells in bone marrow. hump. Kyphos: kyph (hump) + os (structure). The hump of the thoracic column. ischium or round portion of pelvis. Ischial spines: ischi (ischium) + al (related to) Relating to the ischium. illium or bone of pelvis. Ilioinguinal: ilio (ilium) + inguin (groin) + al (related to). Relating to the hip and the groin regions neck. Cervicodynia: cervico (neck) + dynia (pain). Pain in the neck.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

127. burs 128. fibul 129. disk 130. phalang

fibrous sac between tendons and bones. Bursitis: burs (fibrous sac between tendons and bones) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the bursa. fibula, smaller of 2 shin bones. Fibular fracture: Fibul (fibula) + ar (related to) fracture. Relating to the fibula. circular structure. Diskography: Disk (intervertebral disk) + o + graphy (recoding). The x-ray examination of individual intervertebral disks. bones of fingers and toes. Symphalangia: Sym (together) + phlang (bones of fingers of toes) + ia (diseased condition). A congenital abnormality in which fingers or toes are webbed together.

ROOT#14 131. vulvo-

vagina. Vulvectomy: Vulv (structures covering the vagina) + ectomy (surgical removal). The removal of all or parts of the tissues of the vuvla. 132. cec1st portion of large intestine. Cecostomy: Cec (cecum) + ostomy (surgical incision). The surgical construction of an opening into the cecum. 133. duoden- 1st part of small intestine. Duodenal digestion: Duoden (duodenum) + al (related to) digestion. 2nd portion of small intestine. Jejunal feeding tube: Jejun (jejunum) + al (relating to). A 134. jejun tube inserted into the jejunum to help administer liquids. 135. ile 3rd portion of small intestine. Ileal bypass: Ile (ileum) + al (related to) bypass. A surgical procedure to treat obesity. abdominal cavity. Celioma: Celi (abdominal cavity) + oma (tumor). A tumor in the 136. celi abdominal area. 137. pancreat pancreas or gland in abdomen that secretes insulin. Pancreatitis: Pancreat (pancreas) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the pancreas. hard palate or roof of mouth. Palatine arch: Palat (palate) + ine (pertaining to) arch. The 138. palat muscular structure forming the soft palate. 139. polypsmall growth. Polypectomy: Polyp (small growth) + ectomy (surgical removal). The removal of any polyp in the digestive system. 140. peritoneo peritoneum or membrane lining abdominal wall. Peritoneal fluid: Peritone (peritoneum) + al (relating to) fluid. A naturally produced fluid that lubricates the peritoneum. ROOT#15 141. sono

sound. Sonogram: Sono (sound) + gram (recording). Imaging body structures by recording the reflection of sound waves. 142. ophthalm eye. Ophthalmologist: Ophthalmo (eye) + logist (one who studies), A physician who specializes in eye treatment. 143. sphygm pulse. Sphygmoid: Sphygm (pulse) + oid (resembling). Resembling a pulse. 144. echoreflected sound. Echocardiogram: Echo (reflected sound) + cardi (heart) + o + gram (recording). A recording of heart movements from ultrasound virbrations. 145. ventricul small cavity. Ventricular hypertrophy: Ventricul (small cavity) + ar (relating to) hypertrophy. Relating to the ventricles, an abnormal enlargement of the ventricles. 146. tars ankle. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrom: Tars (ankle) + al (related to) tunnel syndrome. Relating to the tarsals. 147. blephar eyelid. Blepharitis: Blephar (eyelid) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the eyelid. 148. dacry tears. Dacryadenitis: Dacry (tears) + aden (gland) + itis (inflammation). 149. stape3rd bone in middle ear. Stapedectomy: stapes (third bone - ear) + d + ectomy (surgical removal). Surgical removal of the stapes.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

150. myring

eardrum. Myringitis: Myring (eardrum) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the eardrum.

ROOT#16 151. labyrinth maze-like inner ear. Labyrinthitis: labyrinth (maze-like inner ear) + -itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the labyrinth. 152. retin back of eye. Retinitis: retins (retina) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the retina. 153. ren kidney. Renal: ren (kidney) + -al (relating to). Relating to the kindney –as in the renal artery. 154. pyel collection area inside kidney. Pyelitis: Pyel (kidney collection area) + -itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the pelvis of the kindey area. 155. gen cause, become. Pathogenesis: Patho (disease) + gen (cause) + esis (condition). The origin of a disease. 156. olig few. Oliguria: Olig (few) + uria (urination). The diminished capacity to form and pass urine. 157. glyc sugar. Hypoglycemia: Hypo ( low) + glyco (sugar) + -emia (blood condition). Low blood sugar. thirst, condition of. Dipsomania: Dips (thirst) + o + mania (madness). The craving for 158. dips alcoholic beverages, or alcoholism. 159. sial saliva. Sialorrhea: Sialo (saliva) + rrhea (flow). An excessive flow of saliva. egg month, menses. Menopause: Meno (month, menses) + pause (stop). 160. men Cessation of menses. ROOT #17 161. iatr 162. gnosis when 163. opt 164. tonsill 165. viscer 166. somat

167. plasia 168. sarc 169. tripsy 170. lith

treatment or physician. Pediatric: Ped (children) + iatr (treatment) + ic (related to). The treatment of children. knowledge. Prognosis: Pro (before) + gnosis (knowledge). Knowledge of how and a patient will recover. vision. Optician: Opt (vision) + -ician (specialist). A person who makes, fits, or sells eyewear. small masses of tissue in pharynx. Tonsillits: Tonsill ( tonsils) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the tonsils. internal organs. Visceral: Viscer (internal organs) + -al (relating to). Relating to the viscera, as in visceral cavity – the space in the abdomen containing the internal organs. body. Somatotrophic: Somat (body) + o + trop (nourishment) + ic (relating to). Relating to the growth of the body, as in somatrophic hormone or growth hormone. formation or development. Hyperplasia: Hyper (excessive) + plasia (formation). Hyperplasia means an increase in the number of cells in the body. flesh. Sarcoma: Sarc (flesh) + -oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor. surgical crushing. Lithotripsy: Lith (stone) + o + tripsy (surgical crushing). The surgical crushing of kidney stones. stone. Lithiasis: Lith (stone) + -iasis (condition). The formation of calculi, or stones, in the organs of the body, such as kidney stones.

ROOT#18

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

171. physi 172. spondyl 173. lapar 174. or 175. stomat 176. cheil 177. gingiv 178. gloss 179. pseud 180. meatus

nature. Physiology: Physi (nature) + ology (the study of). The study of the nature of the human body. vertebrae. Spondylosis: Spondyl (vertebrae) + osis (condition). A condition in which the spinal vertebrae are fixed or stiff. abdomen. Laparotomy: Laparo (abdomen) + tomy (surgical incision). An incision into the abdominal cavity, usually exploratory. mouth. Oral temperature: Or (mouth) + al (relating to) temperature. Relating to the mouth. mouth. Stomatitis: Stomat (mouth) + tis (inflammation). Any inflammation of the mouth. lips. Cheilosis: Cheil (lips) + osis (condition). A scaly condition of the mouth and lips. gums. Gingivitis: Gingiv (gums) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation and bleeding of the gums. tongue. Glossopathy: Glosso ( tongue) + pathy (disease). Any abnormal or diseased condition of the tongue. false. Pseudocyesis: Pseud (false) + o + cyesis (pregnancy). A condition in which a woman believes she is pregnant when she is not. opening, tunnel. Urinary meatus: The exterior of the urethra.

ROOT#19 181. encephal brain. Encephalitis: En(in) + cephal in) + itis (inflammation). An inflammatory condition of the brain, cause by a viral infection. 182. polio gray matter of brain. Poliomyelitis: Polio (gray matter) + myel (marrow) + itis (inflammation). An infectious viral disease with symptoms ranging from mild to severe paralysis. 183. gangli groups of nerves. Ganglion: Gangli (groups of nerves) + on (unit). A mass of nerves. 184. -edem excessive fluid. Edematous: Edema (swelling of fluid) + tous (condition of). 185. isch deficiency of blockage. Ischemia: Isch (blocked) + emia (blood condition). A condition in which the supply of oxygen to a part of the body is blocked. cornea. Keratectomy: Kerat (conrea) + -ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical 186. kerat removal of part of the cornea. 187. lingu tongue. Lingual frenum: (Lingu (tongue) + al (relating to) frenum. The band of tissue from the tongue to the floor of the mouth. 188. ovi egg. Oviduct: Ovi (egg) + duct (lead). The tubes leading from the ovaries to the uterus. 189. ocul eye. Ocular: Ocul (eye) + ar (relating to). 190. lymph lymphatic system. Lymphoma: Lymph (lymphatic system) + oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor of the lymphatic system. ROOT#20 191. pneumon lungs or the air. Pneumonia: Pneumon (lungs) + ia (condition). An acute inflammation of the lungs. 192. otoear. Otoplasty: Oto (ear) + -plasty (surgery). Surgery performed on the external ear. 193. plasm cell or tissue substance. Plasma: Plasm (cell) + -a. The fluid portion of the lymph and blood. 194. vas vessel. Vasodilator: Vaso (vessel) + dilat (open) + or (agent of). An agent that causes the dilation, or opening, of blood vessels. 195. psych mind. Psychology: Psych (mind) + o + logy (the study of). The study of the mind.

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY ........mdphysiology.persianblog.ir

206. rhin 197. angi 198. arthr 199. ather

200. irid

nose. Rhinoplasty: Rhino (nose) + plasty (surgical repair). Plastic surgery which changes the structure of the nose. blood vessel. Angiogram: Angio (blood vessel) + gram (recorder). A radiographic image of a blood vessel. joint. Arthritis: Arthr (joint) + itis (inflammation). An inflammatory condition of the joints. fats or lipids. Atherectomy: Ather (fat or lipids) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of fatty plaque from the wall of an artery. iris of the eye. Iridoplegia: Irid (iris) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of the sphincter muscle of the iris.

ROOT#21 201. enter 202. gastr 203. gyn 204. hepat 205. heter 206. hydr 207. kary 208. mon 209. neuro 210. osteo

intestines. Enteritis: Enter (intestines) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the lining of the small intestine. stomach. Gastrointestinal: Gastro (stomach) + intestin + al (relating to). Having to do with any of the organs of digestion, from the mouth to the anus. female. Gynecology: Gyneco (female) + logy (study of). The study of the female reproductive organs. liver. Hepatitis: Hepat (liver) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the liver. different, another. Heterosexual: Hetero (different) + sexual. A person whose sexual preference is for people of the opposite sex. water. Hydronephrosis: Hydro (water) + nephr (kidney) + -osis (condition). Distention of the kidney due to an obstruction that prevents urination. nucleus of the cell. Karyotype: Kary (nucleus of a cell) + o + type (characteristic). A diagram of the total chromosomes of an individual or a species. one. Mononucleosis: Mono (one ) + o + nucle (nucleus) + osis (condition). An abnormal increase in the number of mononuclear leukocytes in the blood. nerve. Neuromuscular: Neuro (nerve) + muscul (muscle) + ar (related to). Relating to the nerves and the muscles. bone. Osteoporosis: Osteo (bone) + por (pores) + osis (condition). A disorder in which bones become porous and brittle.

ROOT#22 211. femur 212. esthesi

213. mening 214. crani 215. steth 216. dur 217. phleb

thigh bone. Femoral artery: Femor (thigh bone) + al (relating to) artery. Relating to the femur. feeling or perception. Anesthesia: An (not) + esthes (feeling or perception) + ia (condition). The absence of normal sensation, usually induced for medical purposes. membrane. Meningitis: Mening (the meninges) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation or the infection of the menginges, usually caused by bacterial infection. skull. Cranial nerves: Crani (skull) + al (related to) nerves. Relating to the cranium. chest. Stethoscope: Steth (chest) + o + scope (instrument for examining). An instrument used to help in hearing chest sounds. hard. Dura mater: Dur (hard) + a (singular noun) + mater (cover). The outermost and most fibrous of the 3 membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. vein. Phlebotomy: Phleb (vein) + otomy (surgical incision). The surgical incision of a vein for the letting of blood.

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218. polyp 219. coron 220. dipl

growth. Polyposis: Polyp (growth) + osis (condition). An abnormal condition with numerous polyps on a body part. heart. Coronary bypass: Coron (the heart) + ary (related to) bypass. Open heart surgery in which a section of blood vessel is used to bypass damage in a coronary artery. two or double. Diplopia: Dipl (double) + opia (vision). Double vision.

ROOT#23 221. prostate 222. test 223. spermat 224. orchid 225. scrotum 226. uter 227. cervic 228. vagin

229. colpo 230. oscheo

male reproductive system gland. Prostatectomy: Prostate (prostate) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. male reproductive gland. Testes: Test (male reproductive gland) + es (plural). The pair of male reproductive gonads in which sperm is produced. male germ cell. Spermatocide: Spermato (male germ cell) + cide (kill). A chemical substance that kills sperm. testicle. Orchidopexy: Orchido (testicle) + pexy (surgical fixation). An operation to mobilize an undescended testes. bag of skin containing testes. Scrotal raphe: Scrot (scrotum) + al (related to) raphe. The line of union of the two halves of the scrotum. uterus womb. Uterotomy: Uter (uterus) + o + tomy (surgical incision). A surgical incision, such as a cesarean section. cervix, narrow portion of the uterus. Cervicitis: Cervix (cervix) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the uterus. canal leading from uterus outside of body. Vaginal speculum. Vagin (vagina) + al (related to) speculum. Relating to the vagina. The instrument used to inspect the vaginal cavity. vagina. Colposcope: Colpo (vagina) + scope (instrument for viewing). A lighted instrument for examination of the vagina and the cervix. pertaining to the scrotum. Oscheoma: Osche (scrotum) + oma (tumor). A tumor within the scrotum.

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