ánistuuná: Egyptian Colloquial: Part One (آنستونا: العامية المصرية: الجزء الأول)

anistuuna

Egyptian Colloquial

Naahid

tawni

(Nawny @ aucegypt.edu)

Designer

Dr. Ahmad p f i i f i

A writer's prayer

God, I have knowledge, So will you show me now How to use it wisely And find a way somehow To make the world I live in A little better place.. And make life with its problems A bit easier to face.. Grant me faith and courage And put purpose in my days.. And show me how to serve Thee In the most effective ways So all my education, My knowledge and my skill, May find their true fulfillment As I learn to do Thy Will And may I ever be aware In everything I do That knowledge come from learning.. And wisdom comes from you. Anonymous

Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all who supported and encouraged me throughout the completion of this book.

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. El SaidBadawi, chairman and director of the Arabic Language Institute (ALI) at the American University for his supportive guidance, valuable remarks and great assistance. Thank you. I would like to sincerely thank Dr. David Wilmsen, director of the Arabic Language Division (ALD) in the Center for Adults and Continuing Education (CACE) at the American University, for his wise comments and valuable remarks. Thank you. I owe a special debt and gratitude to Dr. Richard Cahill, director of the Middle East Studies Program (MESP), for his worthy advice, support and great help. Thank you. Special thanks and gratitude owed to my dear friend Mohamed Eid for his insightful comments and constructive criticism which guided me in writing this book. Thank you. Due thanks are conveyed to Dalia Samir for her forbearance and generosity in time and effort in writing down the book. Thank you. My warmest gratitude and appreciation go to the members of my family especially my brother Mamdouh, my daughter Noha and my son in law Mohamed who spared no effort, and supported me with inexhaustible patience and indispensable inspiration which helped me pass this book into light. Thank you. Last, but not least. many thanks go to my dear students, at the American University (AUC) and the Middle East Studies Program (MESP), who were the subjects upon whom I exercised and experienced this book. Their remarks and feedback were greatly useful and beneficial. Thank you.

INTRODUCTION Arabic is one of the major languages in the world. It is widely spread on two continents. It is the official language of about 22 countries with a total population of about 120 millions which places it among the top ten tongues of the planet in regard to the number of speakers. Arabic belongs to the Semitic family of languages and the term Arabic is used to describe two different classes or forms of the same language. The first is j G H a or the 'pure' language, and it involves two levels, the Classical Arabic which is the language of the 'Kur'aan' the holy book of Islam, and the Modem Standard Arabic or the Modem Literary Arabic. The second 1.s the ? m ~ \ .~. ~ a which . is the colloquial or the common language, and it is of three levels. the Educated Spoken Arabic, the Enlightened Spoken Arabic, and the Illiterate Spoken Arabic.

The main object of this book is to introduce the Educated Spoken Arabic or Language which takes the two features of both fuSHa and ^amrniyya and which is a kind of reduced fuSHa and standardized colloquial. It is the spoken Arabic of Egypt which aims to provide easy access to the Arabic which Egyptians, particularly the educated of Cairo and Alexandria, learn in the house and use in everyday life. Thus this course is based on a functional approach yet the essential rules of grammar, which only without which communication may fail, will be provided. The main emphasis though will be on conversational pieces with vocabulary expressions and some idiomatic formulas that are commonly used in everyday life. In other words, the language itself will be presented not theories about it. The main concern is to ensure that learners can speak and understand the language in the shortest time available and in the simplest way possible. In short, the focus will be on fluency rather than accuracy. The explanation, rules, and instructions are also provided in English to ensure full understanding. Also a good amount of drills & exercises are provided to guarantee reinforcement.

This book consists of: First:

Preliminary stage involving 4 stages.

Second: Two units, each unit consists of 5 lessons one of which is a review for the 4 previous lessons. Third:

Appendices A, B, C

Fourth:

Glossary

Fifth:

Useful vocabulary for survi~alArabic

The preliminary stage consists of the very basic rules that any beginner should be familiarized with, as an introductory stage that is essential to Arabic language learning. This section is sequenced according to students' level. The teacher begins with stage 1 if the students ha\-e no idea about the Arabic language script. The teacher may move to stage 2 if the students know the Alphabets well but do not know how to read or wnte. The teacher may, as well, move directly to stage 3 if the students know the basic rules of the Arabic script and can fairly read or write. Stage 4 is a continuum of stage 3. Each lesson begins with a picture, which illustrates the main objective of the lesson. In order to help students develop the language as fast as possible and to acquire native like pronunciation and intonation, a tape is also provided together with flashcards to challenge the students and enhance their listening comprehension. Reading comprehension and creating conversational skits are also reinforced. As the colloquial is basically the spoken language, listening and speaking are the two skills of the language that are intensively emphasized. Reading and writing are only used as a guide for students on learning the language and implementing their assignments.

Some appendices are also added at the end for further instruction. A Glossary is also provided. A group of useful vocabulary words, which non-native speakers may need, to survive with Arabic at the very beginning.

Table Of Contents Page

I.

Introduction

\&+L

+a

II. Table of contents

111. Preliminary stages

IV.

I

JÈ\

Stage 1

Alphabets & numbers

.........................................................

1

Stage 2

Consonants & v w e l s

.........................................................

V

Stage 3

Masculine & feminine

Stage 4

Sentences & phrases

........................................................1 1

......................................................... 1V

Unit one Lesson 1 f

Dialogue: Pleased to meet you. Nationalities Occupations Verbs: present /present continuous

Lesson 2 Dialogue: Sorry I am late. Time & place expressions The clock Verbs: present /present continuous

5

6

&A

Lesson 3 Dialogue: Doyou have fresh eggs? %j& Singulars, duals & plurals Plurals with numbers Verbs: present /present contin uous

.

.. d

&I

u

Lesson 4 Adjectives and Colors The weather The participles

Lesson 5 Review

V.

Unit Two Lesson 6 Dialogue: I want to get a ticket The verb: Present tense Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 7 Dialogue: Clean theflat well The verb: Imperative tense Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 8 e

Dialogue: I have a stomach ache doctor s . 3 The verb: Continuous &future tense Proverbs

0

4 Ak

VII

..........A f

Lesson 9 Dialogue: How did you spend your holiday? T& The verb: Past tense Exercises Proverbs

Lesson 10 Review

VI.

Appendices Appendix A List of verbs

Appendix B Different kinds of pronouns

Appendix C Possessive pronouns

VII.

Glossary

VIII.

Survival Arabic

gjbv\4-(

Preliminary Stage

-uwl& .. I!-

&a .. d li21y9f

9 &if1

Sounds that Change in Shiftins from FuSHa to tammiya È_

is-

^ (glottal stop)

The following t^letiÇtitbe~~neflofçIltbelettenoftheArd>kah)habeLmtrunKterati i a introducedin t b atqp to help hpronunciation. The sound of the letter ia our main concern. Guide to Pronunciation Meaning Name 1 ~ ~ I Transliteration b i ~ of letter FQXBL pronunciation . 'alf/hamza answer aid food I/& big bint giri table tasriiHa dressing table eareara think gossip thaa'haa' 1 I s"=a shoes gid ' no equivalent Eafla Pam' no eauivalent xariita man 1 diib 1 wolf deer there 6akar masculine rest m a picnic I

.

64

-

I

zero semi

,

I

zibuun simm

I

I I -

Taa'

1

A

Sunday

I

I*

I

I

no equivalent no equivalent

I 1 I

fool

I

laam

miim noun baa'

J ? (Â¥

-P I

Dahr

I

fAarb fuul 7

I

come

1

I

,

I. 1 I

I

I1

.ye

ww beans

I 1

I

Qamaus

1

b

1

laHma

1

m

moon

I

mum

I

n h

never

nimra walad

dictionary

,

kitaab

1

,

fresh

I

wasp

back

I

kettle 1

poison

Taaza

Tough

T

I

Sabuun I

Duck

customer

,

book .

meat

raze r

1 I 1

number

I

boy

I

1

Note:

- ' is also called a

glottal stop and it should precede all vowels when they occur at the beginning of the word. In Arabic it may appear anywhere in the word beginning, middle or end, or even, doubled. Example: *akl baypi badd

!

-

rn

-

-

.

8 and A are produced in modern standard Arabic only i-e. FuSHa (&/A)

* H, c, t,have no equivalent in English (21~) . .

i,

4

f One dupe to

describe one sound. The idea of combining two letten to describe one

.

sound does not exist in Arabic. Ex. ch / sh / th (2)

43 S, D, T and Z have no exact equivalent in ~ n ~ l i s h bthey u t are the emphatic (velarized) version of the n o d s, d, t and z (d/&h/b) / ( & / i . ~ / b ) .

How to produce the non-equivalent sounds

* H sounds like a very emphatic h. (just imagine you have swallowed a spoonful of the hottest c h i imaginable)

(0.

* x more guttural than its Scotch or German cousin (it is always better to exaggerate rather than under emphasize the guttural aspect) (^) ex. Van Gogh.

* (peculiarity of the Semitic language) to gag. constricting the muscles of the larynx so that the How of air through the throat is choked off (the voiced version of H). * it the sound produced when gargling (similar to the very strongly rolled Parisian r). =

is

How to oroduce the Semi-eauivalent sounds To produce the glottal stop hawa '('19, a complete closure of the vocal cords is required, where compression of air is composed then a sudden blow of the air is produced. The Q (J)is like the normal K except that it is produced when the tongue is very far back

in the throat roof of the mouth. The r 0)B more rolled than in English. The 1(J) u not rolled as it is in English. The 'a' sound, that is used as a vowel, is sometimes velarized due to word context, as in: Arabic faar (mouse) faas (axe)

English

'ann

'and

Greeting Formulas A. SabaaH iheer B. SabaaH innuur

Good morning Good morning

A. misaa' ilxeer B. misaa' innuur

Good evening Good evening

A. izzayyak / izzayyik B. kwayyis / kwayyisa W a m d u li Ilaah

How are you (m/f) Good (df) Thanks be to God

A. tiSbaH(i) tala xeer B. w inta / inti min ahlu

Good night (m/f) and you (df) too

ahlan ahlan (w sahlan)

Hi Hi (weicome)

ahlan w sahlan ahlan biik / biiki

welcome welcomed by you (df)

sqiida saciida

Hello Hello (welcome)

sqiida satiida ( m q a ssalaama) Allah yisallimak / ik

Good bye Good bye (with safety) May God preserve you (m/f)

Hamdillah tala ssalaama Allah yisallimak 1 ik

Thanks be to God for preservation (said on: arrival from travelling, recovered from sickness saved from bad event ex. accident)

Kull sana w Inta(i) tayyib(a) w inta(i) tayyiba(a)

Many happy returns you, too

Common Phrases and Expressions A. mabruuk B. AUaah yibaarik fiik / fiiki

Congratulations (may it blessed) May God bless you ( d o

A. \ukran B. tafwan

Thanks welcome

A. aasif 1'asfa B. matlil

Sorry Never mind Excuse me (said on dismissing oneself) You may (go on) Take what you (m/f) asked for Take what I am offering

A. min faDIak I ik A. law samaHt ( i )

If you please / excuse me If you please I excuse me If God wills Thanks be to God

a a y i z (a) I mi[ taayiz (a) taarif (a) / m$ taarif (a) faahim (a) / mi\ faahim (a) saakin (a) 1 mil saakin (a)

I want (f) / 1 don't want (f) I know ( f ) 11don't know ( f ) I understand ( f ) 11don't understand ( f ) I live (f) 1 1don't live (f)

mumkin / mil mumkin mumkin? fii / mafii f and! / ma^andiiJ

Possible I impossible May I? Can I? There is / there isn't I have / 1 don't have

L

aywa la' bass kifaaya ~ ab h a ~a i ~ Kamaan taani SaHH maZbuuT talaT sawa fwa?Ya\ WaYYa

\

Yes

Enough/bui/only Enough i OK Also/ too Agaidmore Right Correct Wrong Together Little by little means

....

.......

Tabcan Off course fitIan True a badan Never giddan/awi/xaalis Very (neg + xaalis = never) dayman Always/ail the time mi\ kida? Isn't it so? mi\ mq'uul Incredible/ its crazy bi [wee! Slowly kalaam faaqNonsense yaxsaara What a pity winta(i) maalakfik none of your(m/f) business maalakfik What is the matter with u mafii muikila No problem

I. Question words? Res: ana

.........................

^

Inta ismak / inti ismik

Res:ana ismi

.........................

y*

Res: ana min

.........................

Inti mida/iti

h

1

a

Res: ana saakinlsakna fi

feen?

y.yi

Whereareyonfiom?

~ h e r e d you o live?

......................... ?&\

emta?

lob gect/iti geeti

Res: ana g e t

1

What is your name?

Whendid youcome?

......................... t )j) HOW did YOU C

Res: ana geet

O ~ ?

.........................

F I ......................... 1 ^(^ ......................... pq

bit! @ndak/inti (ik)

Res: ana tandi izaazit ilmayya

t

lam?

How much is the battle of water?

Res: izaazit ilmayya b intaliinti him

Res: ana hina Pa aan

.........................

1

IÑÑÑÑ

into/inti fi

Res: ana f- iddwr

,

a ?

1 door yrf\

Which floor are you in?

.........................

11. YesNo questions?

tsl~ 9 .-^la.\

*

inta Taalib? Res: aywa, ana Taalib. / la9, ma 111) T d b .

inti T d b a ? Ra: aywa, a m TaaIiba. / I*', am mi^~aaliba.

N0k Y M o questions and their answers are identified by intonation only. The question has a rising pitch white its answer has a falling pitch.

-

*

.

.\

&Y\

I. Numbers --

- -

Teens

-

Units

I

1

I

A

itneen talatiin

Y

>r

4

I

I *arbaca I

arbiciin xamsiin

t I

i

I

0

1 tamaniin I

1

I

Ã

~amantaakr

A.

i

I I

I

^\

I

I ~ u b pgineeh(iamsa w cilriin id

-S'4 &,1 = & 2 7 0

nuSS gineeh (x&siin ir7)

k k means piaster, is used from

# 3-10

3 piasters / 10 piasters

;+A+nil*Transliteration

I

fakka

I

I

I

I

1 tamanya

I

o

I

New Vocabulary

1

I

I

--

half a pound

1 Note: The word

i

4

I

I

I

-

f

1I xamsa

I

gineeh

pound

1 quarter of a pound

1

1f 19

ArbaFtaajar ~amastaafar

Ã

,

the rest (money or otherwise)

ilbaa'i

how much (money)

Bikaam

the check / bill 1account

IlHisaab

I

L*A& * * \ Lid&\ The Arabic Alphabet

Note: The red line represents the iine on / under which the part of the letter should go.

Characteristics of the Arabic Al~habet 1. Many letters have the same shapes and the distinction is made only by the use of dots.

i

jJ

A

- A -

A + A A +

There is a great conformity in shape bemeen the letter when it appears at the beginning and when it appears at the h d , when it appears at the beginning (or in the middle) the bottom part only is deleted.

Most of the letters have 3 forms, differing according to their location in the word, i.e. how they are joined with the other letters

4.

A repeated consonant is not written twice, rather a ' c g J d y *is put on the letter instead. 4

5.

There are 6 letters that cannot be connected to the following letters, but could be connected to the preceding ones only.

9 6.

The Arabic language makes a clear distinction between masculine and feminine g e n k The feminine nouns are identified by the ("t" ~ b u u t aj)~atlthe end.

7.

There is a letter that takes different shapes, even when it is in the same l o c a h

(hanua" s

4 8.

").(glottd stop) (A)$$

(.3)kJ+

There are four letters that are velarued (emphatic sounds) and they correspond to their non-velarized (non-emphatic sounds), such as: Emphatic sounds Non-emphatic sounds

9.

There arc 28 sounds (letters) in the Arabic language, 2 of which are considered semivowels because they can take both roles (consonant and vowel). If these two sounds are produced then they are consonants and not vowels.

10.

In almost all cams the

d is read i in colloquial, except for a few words such as:

taQ"ir J+& Qim

11. The

Qur9aan

Qamuus

dL, J\A Q-

when is followed by "dip

Qaanuun

\

ppu il Qaahira

-u

appears as such y ,or

12.' P, j , v are loaned letters and written as such

d c ac +

-

g J h u

QmD

if hand written.

&A

General Rules for the Arabic Script 1.

There is a great deal of conformity between the letter and its sound. Almost wery word is written as it is pronounced. There is no opposition to be mentioned (whiie in English such opposition may occur; i.e. beard, heard, bird).

2.

Each letter should be emphasized or pronounced cIear!y. The notion of ueating" letters does not exist in the Arabic language, example: doing doin'.

3.

There is no capital letter.

4.

There is no verb "to be3 in Arabic ex. (idare) only the infinitive f m i s 4 and the past tense (waslwere).

5.

Writing is from right to left: the opposite of all Latin languages.

6.

The Arabic letters are characterized by having ligatures that aiiow for connecting them together and therefore, from this point, there are no clear cut differences between the written words and the printed ones.

7 . The occurrence of 3 consonants is not allowed by any means. Any circumstances that may result with three consonants (as in the addition of suffies and prcfues), a vowel must be inserted right before the sufix or right after the pmfk This inserted vowd is in most cases the "i" sound. i.e. kusra.

-

8.

Arabic language writing depends mainly on the cursive connecting system.

9.

What usuaily appears in writing is the consonants and the longvow&. Tl~eshort vowels appear only in the Qur'aan, dictionaries and primmy text books.

10. Punctuation is not consistent and most writings neglect its us& The full stop appears

mainly to separate paragraphs. The most commoniy used on- arc the full stop, comma and question mark.

Consonants and Vowels --

-

The Arabic language - - has 28 consonants (or sounds) 2 of which are semi- consonanThese consonants may occur in the three positigns beginning, middle and/or end.

n Y

4

Y!

y^-VsÑ^ u ^-Ã

YY YY

J-i

Â

t

d

6

>-ÈU^JJ

F

d

Q

<>-L-^

4^-S

4

k

L

<>-+-Ã

J

I

(^^ &AmA

1J-p

Tt

f-

J-A-J

e-i-

<*

Yo

d-"'

^Â

Â

d

Y 1

4-4-

J-Ç-

?*

YV

J-Ã

t f d

JÈÑ

YA

(J-Ã

OA-^j

Ñf

J

J

?-

rn Â

h

w Y

Note: In this stage, focusing should only be on the shape of the letter as it appears in each location (beginning, middle and end). Reading or meaning is not necessary in this stage.

All letters at the beginning or middle, are supposed to be written on the line except for 3

->

J

they go down the line no matter what their position is.

Letters that have upper and bottom parts.

tf/u/&S/d/f t/D"

u^/&

L ~ / CC E

This bottom part is lifted up on the line when they occur at the beginning or middle and the

bottom part appears again only when they occur at the end.

Note: The upper pages (11&12) are repeated again. Please see end of the book to see how they can be used to help in reading.

is'&u-B

11. Vowels

<J&

(A) Short Vowels

.Y

I^J-tH (I)

There are 3 short vowels :FatUq Kiwa and l - b m a the F d a h expressed by x (corresponding toa sound) TheL--

-

JS expressed by

(corresponding to i sound)

x

the Damma is expressed by

(corresponding to u sound)

x

Note: that x refera to any letter or sound. Every letter or consonant must have one of these short vow& t-il~>'(~arakant).

^

Example:

+

È .-

(ba

bi

bu)

If any of the ktters does not have any of these vowels that means it is a no vowel -- £>J on top of i t situation and the letter appears with a 0

the Sukuun is expressed by x

Example: These short vow& letter as with the.

4

d u k are not part of the word structure They appear

the

and D~maorudertbektteraswiththe~

Read:

r instead. Thus A repeated consonant Is not written twice, rather a Jadda the Jadda indicates 2 consonants, the first consonant always takes a "sukuun" sound and with the second consonant. If the short vn-1 thenone of the 3 a it is put under it. kasra is*required . ",

>$

-?

E~arnpIe:-~,~~

l-C,

,

.

'

(B) Long Vowels

'@f~wa'and

There arc 3 long vow&:

The

'oSf

\

(corresponding to aa sound)

The y^

(corresponding to ii sound)

(corresponding to uu sound) TheThey are p u t of the word structure and therefore they appear within the word itself. They are only used to extend the produced period of the short vowel. Each short vowel has its counterpart long vowd. that is, if fatffashould be extended or made longer it should be followed by a long vowel or m o ~ ( and the only possible maA/ is " similarly the fawn,

takes

iff

Ñ

and the flaimfatakes 4

Example: Read:

(baa bii

buu)

(c) Semi vowels Like in English y ( if/ consonants.

-

Emimple:

.

+and w (3)are Semi vowels. If they areproduced then they are

&

Example: yam

wind

Example: ke Y

belo w

If they are not produced then they are vowels.

.

Example: < i j l

J*-

Note: Each sound (letter) has two options in regard to vowel production. For example: Short vow& Long vowels b a b" b.44 bf4 . 4. 4 4 but bi

I

-A Ñ

bard be

bit

-

bat

bU

* 4

b0

book

4AÃ

boss

& Ñ

^ Â

9

4

04

bar b ii

beer b uu

boot

AL Ñ

JM J*

^Â¥

band bee

bait b

4 4 4 Ñ

"*Ã

00

boat

34 <*-44

-&

j)'j

Masculine and Feminine In Arabic, it is a major factor to make a distinction between masculine and feminine words.

I. The Indefinite words --

--

Each word indicates one item only. There is no indefinite article ( ~ n & i hd a n )

Example:

a student a word

.

(one student only/ masculine)

&

(one word only1feminine)

Rule (2)

t SAJ^A

Arabic has no verb to be Eventually, \a and & are respectively masculine and feminine (demonstrative pronoun) i.e. English, this

Example: This is a book. This is a picture.

Note: The STRESS is usually on the next to the last syllable of the word, unless it is attracted by either a long vowel or two consonants at the end.

Example:

I

A long vowel

si/kir/teer I

Two consonants at the end

fdtirt

(a) Masculine nouns (indefinite)

(b) Feminine nouns (indefinite)

S

(A)

Example: cilba (a box) cilbit mirabb;(a box of jam) cilbit mirabbit tuffaaH (a box of jam of apple)

Exception: Some feminine words do not end with "t" marbuta 3Ã

/a

Example: sun

hand

w L A

4

ground

d

head

0"b

0

(feminine by definition)

girl

'-"-(

woman

Note: AH non- animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as if4

* Example:

J^s - b

L - o-J>

-

&J

- y"lj - 4

All animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as &A

* Example:

/

n

-

- (>-&- 4 - @&(people) Ã

* T encourages S to guess the singular of these plurals.

0

fl

CL+M

Exercises

L

Read & say "da" or "di"

-

'&A'

-

What ? Who?

Look at the picture & ask

W

-

-

-

^\

^

J

~

Y~ 'hn\>dJ1.j

( ,

-

2 . The definite words

ii*i-~Ll~ Ç^

.Y

All previously mentioned indefinite' words can be made definite by the addition of the . article & KUJie 13)

If the article

6

ftJL^u

is attached to the beginnimg of the ww& it makes it definite and the

- .-

inthiscue,bcalled'^iUJUirniIOamariyYam

Example:

',

I

If the word b ~ w i t h o n e o f t h e c o 0 9 0 1 @ w r i t t e n b e l o w i n r e d ~ t h e ofthe

lUWte Wick isauimitetedwithit. botherm¥nk,theJisReflectedçdt

Note: the iflcould work both sides influenced by the fuSHa

Exercises

&Ld

-

Exercises

(*uiL>Ñ

Write "c"for sentence and "&" for phrase

ncnI*&\

4 L f l +I

r^,<,h-Ja &,\

4~0.g
'-+,&.I.

n&^

SJ^*+

e A

*9

(I)

Ã

.T

Â¥Lut^J .r

~ * - - ~ J Ã ˆ \ J. t .o

&&.\I

&Laid .7

Ã

&&*JLJ.IY Note: Gender agreement between the noun and its adjective. New Vocabulary angry cheap responsible difficult easy

$*A(,

(L)&

Clever

(<-)~w.J

(4-)J^È

(*-)+

(*-)J*Ã

Tallllong tired happy busy

dl*..

.. .

Rule ( 8 )

...

The addition of a suffix (in this u s e the <Ñ/à net .

.

..~

vowel (usually a A<wo) for exampl

Read and negate

(issue

1-

(u) (4)

b$J

&&A

-jL&J\

(i&)

^wAa^J1 JjÇ &.ia~\

uJ;& .\I

(i&Jl)

&-

&A\

Check the mentioned sentence

-

.

(u.^.~)

-

.I 7

.I

(sJL^~MJ~\) y&i~-iij

-4 .1

y)

(+$4

*V

.A

134( ~

i

.\T

9

(^a)

++un

.Y

(U)

J&&^

.Ã

(&d)&&id (J^) &&

.@

a

.\

i G f I&* l ( )

sJ&-fl

Â¥

A- -4

I,oak and make sentences

&a

4)^La.

*>l

w bwj

JÈ

b 4( q

w

Â¥ The teacher mentions one of the mteaces in each item and the students identifk it.

\

1 ~ 3 ~

Listen and repeat

(0)

New Vocabulary Short

Big

(*)a Red

Green Blue

Little/small

(S)

^

(L) (>& Expensive

Note: ~9 (light), && (dark) and

Yellow White Black

fi&*(bright) are said only for coion.

Unit (1)

Pleased to meet you

I. The Dialogue Listen and repeat

- Good evening. - I am Add aod he b Farid

- you're -

welcomed, where are you from?

IamAmericanbutsheisfrom Germany. Your are Egyptaren't you?

J

J

3~

- What are you doing in Egypt? - I am a *dent,

~3

I am ahdying Arabic at the American University, and she is also a student

' &Â¥^

What do you do? I am a professor in the Egyptian University.

- and I am an employee in the Canadian

L^J&

'VsÑI 13

4*~t&1

f

0

.

v ^ ~ sis~^s i d JU^I hi

Embassy. f

-

Pleased to meet you.

- I'm

more pleased, good bye

.iJJLu GJi .irffiCuit p ' L L l ul

this (is a) university

3

Know

f*

they a

Remember

la&&

Who?

f^ram where? Where?

When?

^

a k

m

Note

IL Nationalities

*a

&4

country

-.. . ..,..

French

--

:&Q

Exercises Ask and answer

\A

&.#

.ui^

+$

u .\

.w-!i>i i & a . 7 *

\

.

.~,^~\JJÈ

.&

o r

^ 4%

.t

Ã

.4_J^&<&JAÃ J*U

.a

/

3 .I . L $ J & ~ L ~ & .v J&l . JJJbJ'i h -

JJSS J) living &s /Â¥

.-~^JSy*^1*-^^-'1^

.'

.&^diaLiiy~^J~t-.tllyi~fl-.~* .\. Fill in the ID

Fill in the blanks

&a#au h h4fl.

\&I . (Y)

4

I1 Occupations

Read and match

Verb : He studies (to study)

w*

Note: We always refer to 3" penon masculine as our-bastverb. (See Appendix A)

To change into continuous form attach 4 To change intofuture form attach

to the prewt prefix.

to the pruent p d i

Example: o à § *

.

Fumpk:

wJ-^ -

Drills

tospWa

+a] to read ^

^

t

o

towork /^

Uue all thew verb8 with each person ex:

Note that the 4 is the variable that always changes according to person.

'Ju 0

Memorize

\&bd

Days of the week

1

Tlurwiay

4

1

(t41 p*

;iJlm&)Ft&$l

Sunday

Friday

Monday

Saturday

Tuesday Wednesday

Next week / last week

^iyffls,^/isbyffl~&~~

Sorry,
I. The Dialogue

-

Never mind this time,pleuecome in. Keem,there is a place there, behind Rob. Here is OK, in front of the chalkboard. Thanks

-

Ok, where is your book, Keem?

-

Oh, I forgot, the book is not inside the bag.

-

Comebeddeme,Keem.

'

-

We are on page 3 exercise

- Teacher, I have a question. What does it mean "SafHaW?

-

May I say?

-

Please (go on) saj Rob.

-

"SafHaW means page and "tamriin" means

exercise.

-

OK, and bow do I say "1 understand"?

-

Say "'ana fahma".

Answer

Rule (1) Possessive pronouns are used as suffixes. (see Appendix B) Pronouns are attached to : Nouns (possessives)

Example:

Prepositions (object of preposition)

Example:

Verbs (object of verb)

Example:

Â¥A^ +

at

-+

*&,

&dn

They take the same form in all cases.

Note: W ith I" persons only, the insertion of "n d" is necessary before the object of verb.

Know At + possessive pronoun -+ v. to have

V.to have

We have

I have

You (pL) have

You (m) have

J^-a + aSe.

-4

You (f) have

They have

He has She has

Remember

1 . a

\$a Wh

Note #

w.

How?

Good I Ok

Â¥

What does it mean?

Never mind Please (m) go ahead...

What page?

1

May I I can I?

There is 1 there isn't

There are four caliber of nouns: 2 masculine and 2 feminine (see Aooendix C) Fern.

.'* up >

s

S#

Masc.

J&I*

1 Place roll

- P l a c e = from & - T i m e = ago

Note: &

I

1

Example: From the house An hour ago

-21

"

f l u e eiprosen All carq a defmite article

Note the prepoil two

'

'-

(T)

Sku

$ when Mowed by a noun the defiite artkk

(at) + possessive pronoun +

verb to have. .ex.J

<

Time Later

&& Tonight & Atnight

Yesterday

~Jifl -

?

After a while Straight away 1 always Two days ago ~ o n time g ago

4&

la ^fC

1

Morning

L ) * ~ * ! L ~ N ~

(_l~4J

1

evevning

Today Tomorrow Now At once

* it is preferable to use a definite article after time and place expressions

bAJi*-a bJS(

Exercises Ask and Answer

Look and answer

È&

(>. \J&J

\J~*L\

(\)(^ti

Make sentences

dinner

LudU\

lunch

\a

a

match serial

&L^

&LA\

picnic meeting

-UÈ

c%'fl

lesson

Verb : He says / to say

~ o t:e he title verb is always the 3" penoii &mime The pronominal always takes a kasra except only when the following vowel is a Dmuna, then in this case, it takes a Damma too. The first person singular pronominal only that always takes afatHa '

Drills

f

to c m c in

J*

to sleep

tot*oB

t^ .

to drink (^JJÑ

to put on J-

Use dl these verbs with each person

Note:

hen i d d m g the prefix

clow: usra

is

to eat

-Ã

ex:

+ to change the verb into the continuous form, the

deleted except if this kasm is followed by a sukuun.

^"

Memorize Months of the year

\$A\

~ S J L J(M&U ~ ~ lil^c Do you have fresh eggs?

JN-

I*The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- Good morning ya

amm e b d u .

- Good morning, welcome sir. - I want please Vi kilo white cheese & '/< kilo

roman cheese & 2 boxes of rabso & a packet of tea.

- O.K., anything else? - Do you have fresh eggs?

- Of course, how many eggs do you want? - Bring me please 10 eggs, and get me also a jar of jam.

- What jam? s

/UÈAÈ

:YJ!

- Apricot jam. -

Here is the white cheese, here is the roman cbeese,and the eggs and the jam.

- Is there good soap? - There are two kinds, local & imported, which kind do you want?

-

I want any good kind .. two soaps are enough, can you put them please in two bags?

Of course, without saying, anything else?

No, this is enough how much for all ? (everything), oh I forgot, one yogurt too. Please take, here is everything, the check is eighteen pounds. Please take twenty pounds & get the rest

Â¥la.! .

. +i d ftu~ l 'l(JJU i . '9

.* . JSwu t r ' u '^la,

~f

à ‡ J

:id .

.(^ &j (JS &iJrtiC! : & 3

There isn't change? (Just) a moment, take please. Thanks, good bye.

Additional vocabulary

&GI -J

One second/minute

27

Know After the question word pu(how many) use the singular noun ex: There are some nouns that have two plurals.

Example

-

&-(Â¥iu~----

(as collective)

&G+$- dish

(in numbers)

1 Note that b for masculine

?&

& collective nouns, and

- Y&Lpu &&41.1

JJJ

for plurals.

\J^

Note

Remember -

Every 1 any or which A thing

*

*

Broken or small bills

The rest (the change)

Enough1 but I only O.K.

At your service (any time) Any thing else? (How can I help you?)

u-ah

<Â¥

(Just) a moment

Nothing

'^/&

.

(AH

?
'lt\

2s #

~*>-m:b% O .

Sinpular / dual / plurals

.

Ã

Note: nouns are made into: singular, dual, and plural The duals are consistent as they all end with (em)& but plurals have several endings { note the pi (tin) (*y 9

Example (m) If the noun is feminine, the ^-/Ã

+id

-

+&. *

changes ita shape into

I

Ã

-

and preceded by ( 1 ) in the plural.

1

Note that in plurals: -

Most of the feminine nouns end with (aat)

-

Generally masculine animate nouns end with (iin) & if:

ex: Ã ‡ Ã ‘ J I f

7

-

It is prefixed by (mu) Â

ex:

-

It has double consonants in the middle

ex:

&em.-

f

n

-

&,&

f

-

-

Masculine nouns ending with (aat)

-

Masculine nouns with a sukuun in the middle, the sukuun is changed into damma followed by the long vowel J

ex:

wJJi-

if it is a loaned word ex:

J&I

~ p a- i

- 4

a&$\ 0

-

-

,

~ J J -~ J I

- j-2

a G N-

i-iLu>u /

Exercises Answer in duals

J.È-!

3

(I)

&i-J-"

,L

:

Answer in olural ?w<&a\ll

:

&

Plurals with numbers

Note: With singulars (mlf) the number one (mlf)

ÈLl- +\i is written.

With duals sometimes it is written for emphasis.

Note: Numbers from 3 to 10 change as they are followed by plural nouns.

Note: Numbers from 11 onwards, remain unchanged and are followed by singular nouns.

-,a\

Read the following

\.g&

(Y)

Exception The word (a pound)

a

is used with all nouns singular, dual, and plural.

Example a.

The word (a piaster)

$3 changed into a different word when dealing with numbers from 3 to 10

Example

&'JS

Y

b

- *'j ^

-kt^ I * ............

i-n>u

Glass Egg

Hour

Year Watchklock

Book

Lesson

Line Bag

Note: How many eggs do yam want? I want some / f

Look and Exohin

-'

k^& -*È k m # &u&l

. Note: * The tittle verb is always the 3d person masculine. The verbs <-AA and
Drills

to count

Â¥IX

to put

Ki

f

to take ^Ñ&&

to carry 1 lift

(J-j*^

to P ~ Y

to buy&^^

* to spend money (Ñl>>-fl

to sell

Use all these verbs with each person ex:

.-

& 6\... . <

0

-

-

/

&J&i\ 6 1

Memorize 4 Seasons of the year

\$iJ

AJu;,

AM^

J,^i

This bridge is "asr inniil" .... very old. Ohh

... it is very crowded.

Yes, Cairo is crowded generally, and specially down town.

Thanks God, here is good (to be dropped) on the right, at this corner, please. At your service. Thank you, please take this is a pound. What is this, sir, a pound is very little. Why so? Because the trip is long and the gaz (oil) is expensive. Here it is, half a pound over, happy? Thanks, good bye.

Answer

bib ( 7 )

Know Sometimes

or & A occur hforq the noun and sometima they occur

the nmm.

Example: This is a bridge/ this bridge

This li a pound1 this pound Thb is a corned this corner

1 T U is~ university a

i)~w/ifc

I t ~univerttt; i

Note:

-

-

The predicate, in example (a), could be either definite or indefinite while the noun e modified by h or j-l in example (b) must always be definite as b o r ~ J a r definite pronouns and the nouns they modify must be definite also. Adjectives and the nouns they modify must always agree in being definite or indefinite. o

a

Remember

Note Wondering

Oooh!

\ . ^ d tf'Ji 44

Where to? What's this? Why so? Becauselin order to

1 Sbu

Rule (1)

When b conies right before the noaa then & is realized ua format subject çnthe following noan is realized as the predicate thus a sentence is compoçed

But if Id comes right after the noun

it i s realized as a demonstrative promotan which

faactions çan adjective thai a phnueis composed.

&A\

11. Adjectives

crazy/ mad

late

dJ&

busy

easy

Present/ available

difficult

J\

:u

L.*

' . q

:'@

Exercises

Get the opposite word

Put the suitable word

(^u

qA,&l@\&(t)

The weather

cold

wind

hot dot

JÑ

vote:

Participles are derived from verbs therefore they function as verbs but are treated as adjectives. Le. they have 3 forms only: mascuJindfeminindpluraL They take the pattern Caacic (masculine) Cacca (feminine) Cacciin (plural) Some participles take different pattern s *,

Emm~le:&

-

Â¥I

. - 9-Â

b

&+a

a* Â

Participles are of two h d s : Active as t4

and passive as+$&

wearing going out

MY

driving

GJA

carrying

(UA^

wanting

J^

seeing

Â¥-

J^C.

coming

/

^4

/

Use all these participles with each person ex: Note that the participles are mostly used when:

a

Something has just happened.

Example:

Something is about to happen.

Example:

Something is in static position.

Example:

(d) 3

(he is wearing, not putting on)

Fill in the blanks

-9

&

>

f

ft

. c3$ . &&

night life

( .k . J.

Memorize The colors

.

ern.)

(Y
d t & )

f t .

U+W

Lesson 5 Review lessons 1 - 4 Respond to the following

7ui.lt.i

?&

homework

(>.

I&.^

*\Jl! (J.M?( -l"o

a\yfc

).9&

J^r4-

O)

*'

Form questions

d J

&i

\&&\

(Y)

'54. ,Ji p,^A\

J*ill\^aa.( Y )

Put the suitable verb

Note: With the 1" pcrion, the

'

~ w c isl following. Example:

is sometimes deleted sufficed by the fafHa onlywhen a long ÑÑÑ

$+

51

Put the correct pronoun

Identify how many

Describe

.?.in each picture

9

ÈJJ&

JS yi a-
1^-1^.^11\^

4

4

+S

.

~ h i n kwell before you answer this item. Which pronoun goes with the verb o"J&?

is

(0)

(1)

Get the opposite

Match column (1) to column (2)

Describe this picture

(T)

J^-J~

(1)

~^t-frbh$ (A)

Unit (2)

I want to get a rounded ticket

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

-

If you please, may I have a rounded ticket on 9 O'clock train?

-

Where do you (mtpolite) want to go?

-

I want to go to Alexandria.

-

First class or second class?

-

May I know how much each?

- First class with twelve pounds, and second class with ten pounds, but class is without air-conditioner.

-

No, No, may God preserve you, I like to travel in air-conditioning.

- Take (polite) wait on platform

# 5 . the

train is about to come.

,>

mu-

*

Thanks.

\.Af-1 .

Know r

The vowel accompanying the 4 is always a Kasra except when the following vowel is a Damma

1 then the vowel accompanying the

Ñ

becomes also a Damma.

iJ$

Because of that

4s

Pay attentionhe careful

Stay 1keep

~~ A\

May God preserve yon.

Have (me do sth)

\^

\dB\ Note

Remember

(mil) v

+ n +&

Until

&c^

Without

(there is not) except May I? Can I? b i t nossible?

J^

(a)

(ÂjLAtfl) ^AJI JStiA

II. Present tense

.

:

LUG

!Â¥

The present tense (the infinitive) is usually recognized after:

J*amJtil) &I$.&

Probably

may be / perhaps / might

Impossible

possible / can

supposedly

must 1 necessary

v&i&c~f&!J* . ..

He might go to the library

:&

Note: while the present tense requires modab, die modals can act with all tenses.

Be Participles:

If^ ?li

Coming Keeping on (sitting)

1

wanting Intending

Being able to He wants to go to the library

Verbs (helping verbs): Preferring Trying Thinking Sitting/ keep (doing) He loves to go to the library

Note: Helping verbs could be used in all tenses yet the following verbs should always be in present (inf.) form.

to go downlget off

..

to cut

e$J .

to take

Use all these verbs with each person. ex.

Exercises

.i-i.jJl^^AyL&& ,&,,AU--j Modal

*u

\

participle

+ --

Present (infinitive)

.t

>JÃ .

.L>"^Li-J*-!JÃ

.'l

.&jLsj(Ja-iai'JÃ

.V

-O-J'^lcopy(JU.l(JS.Mjà Verb

*9

5

.(-i"yiy-Â¥"@JJ

Look at the picture and choose the sentence in exercise (1)

.A

.'

59

Fill in the blanks

Put the sui'table verb ,

\-&I . (^Y)&&

. i^-a~iai&^)~*&

/

Mod& and participles are negated by preceding them with the negation particle

U&-> except witb the modd Li&^ ' ^ whicb b negated by

a

' ,aa all p m w t tense

verbs.

However, sometimes & ,c o d be negated by is a negation by definition.

& &,the modd

-

Note: the modab & participles could remain intact and the following verbs are negated instead, depending on what is meant to be said.

He doeÑ' have to go to the university. Heuuteotgototheooiversity.

He doesn't intend to play today. He iataMbnot to play today.

Note: the word

14(at all) is used in negative sentences to express strong negation.

Note: All tenses are acceptable with the helping verbs, however, the verbs that follow should always be in the present form.

...(aJ &&G/&

Present / present Past / present Continuous / present

(^i

d

A

JÃ

0

. s&43/d +* 3 -& -^L,J*/UÇ"&+J ...&,

\

b G J M

*

M

*^

H

--dl ^

Futudpresent

Participle / present

p

..& (^k 3/& 4 ^

JÃ

.a. #

-*Â

Note: In negation; it is usually the helping verb that is being negated, however the main verb might be negated instead depending on what is meant to be said. (see previous page)

(participle) (helping verb) (modal)

(pronoun) (object) (modal) (object) (participle) (modal) (pronoun) (helping verb)

.

.

d

(participle) (participle) (object)

& i -

i£J&

A

Proverbs

4^,

&e& Clean the flat well

J>AÃ

I. The Dialogue -

p -

Listen and repeat

- You are late,don't you know that I must go to work?

- You (Upolhe) know, thetraffic b crowded. - and OK,goIntothekHcheaqriddy, wish the d b k , md there two ire

shirts in the bathroom w u h the&too-

:%

By the way. There isn't washing soap (Detergent) Ohh.. O K go to the grocery and bring a box of Persil and also buy two (face) soaps.

All right, anything else? No, when you (F)go, take the clothes to the iron man, but put them in a nylon bag first Come straight away and don't be late

When I finish, (do) I cook something? No, it is important to have the flat well cleaned, especially the sitting and bedroom.

Be (you f) sure Madame, it will become (very clean)

.& nub

'?\L ~1

Know r

,

*

Imperatives are derived from the present (infinitives) of 2"* persons only

l5mnQk:

Remember Dm3 worry (be sure)

What's most important Don't

?

ijifiil.

\^i

Note

4 fÇ-

us^

By the way

Straight -Y

Win

.....-

gJ^ 1right away

~ihyfe

Cd

Al JÇ : USU

II. Imperatives

&l

Imperatives are usuallv reco~nizedwith clues as

yi-i'+ is*b

c3-1

iiri (Â¥J>m-^Ã 0

Â

ft

Ã

&J

Now

i l & &i

Immediately 1 at once

. 5^\

Fast 1 quickly

Â¥^la

as& '$t

Slowly

i

&/&

Don't talk

us^

Go out

Say

lit

Speak up

Come

Shut up

Go

Understand

Drive

Remember

Sit

Take

Bring

Leave

Get

Listen

GO

in 1 enter

f

Answer

Â¥^Standup .-a

Raise

G 1 1Come back / return

Look

U^Ñ

Watch

Jl*-i

In negation, the infinitive form is used and not the imperative form although it still stands as a command.

Exercises

Give commands & res~ond

Put the o~oositein the ern~tvsoace

Negative commands are arranged according to their intensity, which is graded from strongest to softest.

Don't you come Don't come

--

Don't come (no need to come = advice)

&&

Note that the intonation identifies the strength of the order. The infinitive form is used in negative commands. .

.

, ..,-

Irredar verbs Verb: to come

Note:

b&

(after+bv.) and

Example: Continuous

Present (inf.) Past

(when

...)could be followed by all tenses (present - past - future)

Memorize

$\

a \\

I have a stomach ache doctor

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- Dr. NabB's clink? - .Whatare the clinic's boon please? - From 8 at night because,in the moroing, the doctor is in the hospital.

- O.K. 9 o'clock is good.

- 0.K

At the doctor's Good evening, doctor Nabil. Good evening, what's the matter with you? I have a stomach ache and I feel that I'm dizzy. Wondering, do you have headache too? Yes, sometimes, there is a headache.

Don't worry I will write you a medicine and a vitamin and you will be like (as strong as) a horse.

I hope so. Please take, here it is the Prescription. There is a pharmacy right down the house.

\s

s>

- Thanks, doctor, good bye.

Answer

.
i

J&J~

i

a >

:&J

Know The continuous usd future tenses are recognized by prefixes being attached to the present tense verbs (or infinitives).

139 .

The continuous form prefix is 0r

While die future tense expresses future action Hie continuoustense expresses progressive action or habitual action

Exxmnlft: He is playing BOW

Remember

1AÈS

Note

and Ñ necessitates the deletion of the

ofthe

I

W\> &\ 0 .

11. Continuous & future tenses

,

J&\

. &G ..

The prefix Ñ attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes present continuous tense which expresses two actions :

A. Progressive action (on process) and is usually realized by a key word such as: Now

B. Habitual action and is usually realized by the use of adverbs of frequency such as: Every day/weeklmonth/year Every little while Alwaydconstantly Usually

Sometimes Mostlyloften

The prefix Ñ attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes future tense which expresses future action and is usually realized by the occurrence of key words, such as: Tomorrow After tomorrow Later After a weeklmonthlyear Next weeklmonth Next year In a dayltwo days/weeWmonth/year

,

&LA>

Exercises

WULul.&a \.-& p) ¥

Put the suitable oronoun

Look at the nicture & make sentences JAÈ ' IÇLcl. . ii^lol]

I& ( Y

,

¡.

Choose the suitable verb

+&A\ /

\

r

Nepation \

The future tense is negated by

white the continuous tense could be negated by

(^1 or &...L

Drills

(JU~A~,'

Note that the ' \ ' is shortened when the prefixes

'2and "A'are used with 1" person

Parts of the bodv

-.

Stuffed nose.$>

. 'v. fflÑtÈÑcrack cOJÑ&¥^^-^

3 -0

o'&

0

caster '

~y

eye drops ~ $ 2 9

h k 3inflammed !$3

b^Ñ

swaNen

&G

G>

g3 /. . 'f

~LG .Y

illnesses

i

A )$I

How did you spendyour holiday?

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- How did yw sped your holiday, Paul?

h3 ,> '&I

(I)

- Of course, there was no place on the plane so I reserved a ticket in the train and had a lot of fun there.

- You bought anything from there? - Ya,I bought presents for my family & my friends.

- What is the moat place you liked in Egypt? - In fact, a lot of places, especially Alexandria, s h a m El Sheikh & Aswan, but the most thing I loved in Egypt is the people because they are kind & cooperative.

Rule (1)

3 S^Ñfr

In part tense verbs the long vowel (1) in the middle changei,in 1" & 2"' persous,into either Iwsra or danuna which means also that the long vowel is being cancelled.

(......

^--*^a- ^ - ^- ^L.)

(......,..&-~\~-^j-^jL.-&)

& (i-ul- /U) &(&/6)

<ÑÃ

JLt (JÈ

4 ,-

a(&)

Know The Arabic is based on what so called the consonantal root system which is realized by the past tense verb of the 3**penon masculine.

--

IiaMl&

*^-s'a-u->i

* A n y w ~ d i s c o m ~ o n e w a ~ o r u M k e r ~ q r ~ root. ~~n~ofid Examolg J

*-

à ‘ e a ~ ~ - t W J ~ -- - U - ~ - ~ J " J J L*- w J ~ - < '0J

Note that the sequence of the 3 letters t>" J

t

..

\ remains in all situations.

Remember

Ask one another (in PTOUD)-

* f
* Clan is divided into 2 groups, each group will agree on a city. The two groups ask each other the above questions without revealing the name of the city to the other group. Each group will assign one to take notes on answering the above questions. The group which guesses the name of the city .. first is the winner.

IL Past tense

,-iiim jiM

The past tense verbs are usually realized by some key words such as :

Ye

:

-A (3): d a f t

He Reserved

looked attfor

-&

loved

met

J@

forgot&

32

visit liftedtorried-

* *

Â

Use these verbs with each person ex.

L ~ J .~ G - & & & ~ u *

Look at the pictures and say what happened yesterday.

hj\(0) & O . .

. .

**&

Read this passage & answer ves or no & correct the wronp sentences

Write another story us in^ the words below

/^a -

Negation

Read this story

GJ-\

\.9A

Listen & then rearrange the sentences

......... QLu a......

fy .1

. . . 34 *.....a

Memorize

*\

.Y

(ISA. .t

.

1 Ç^ SJ-M, J-

Review lessons 6 - 10

nswer the auestions

Â

f - 7

tw>a
u,-& I

Write the verb with the following pronouns

Describe these pictures

& $L^l\@ lJ*U

CJ&a\ \j\

\&( T )

^ J W b

(r)

Choose the opposite word

adjective negative pronoun participle future hour plural noun verb command (neg)

opposite order

Teacher describes the picture, partly correct and partly wrong. Student responds accordingly.

Appendix (A)

List of verbs This list of verbs is grouped according to how the root verb, which is the past tense 3* person masculine, differs when it is changed into the present tense or the infinitive. The title verb is always the 3* person masculine. It is the base verb on which all conjugations are based.

h+

Group 1 (-4) J'iccac

Cacac

(B) Yiccic ( C ) 1-uccuc (A) Yiccac

English To erase

Transliteration YimsaJ3

To appear

YiZhar

To starthegin

Yibda'

To forbid To steal

Yimnat Yisra'

TOP Y

Y idfat

To cash

YitbaD

To open

Y ifiaH

To send To take off To cut To raise

Yi'lat Yi'Tat

To beat

Yirfat YiDrab

To surpass

Y isba'

Infinitive

+ A I*

Past tense

F & 14

(B) Y iccic Enxlish To write

Transliteration Yiktib

To occupy

~&il

To promise To reserve

Yiwtid YBgiz

To study

Yidris

To close

Yi'fil

To describe

YiwSif

To wash

Yicsil

To dolmake To dividelsplit

Yitmil Yi'sim

To spend (money)

YiSrif

To draw

Yirsim

Infinitive

Past tense

Infinitive

Past tense

(C) Yuccuc

English To ask forldemand

Transliteration YuTlub

To cook

YuTbux

To enterlgo in

Yudxul

To leavelgo out

Yumg

To thank

~uJkur

To sit

To dance To feel

&

* &4

&'

e &J

CAI

cs

S Y

sf

Group 2

cicic

+g~ ~ ~

y h + l

uccuc

English To hearllisten to

,

(A) Yiccac Transliteration

To drink

Yismat Y i] rab

To ride

Yirkab

To amve

YiwSal

To know TO succeed

Yitrat' YingaH

To fail

YistaT

To get tired

Yittab

To play To have breakfast

Yiltab Yiffar

To get bored

Yizha'

To understand

Yifham

To win

Yiksab

To lose

Yiksar

To laugh

YDHak

To be able to

Yi'dar

To prefer

YifDal

To returdcome back

Yirgat

To ascendgo up

YiTlat

English To wearlput on

(B) Y iccic Transliteration Yilbis

To descendlgo down

Yinzil

To hold

Yimsik

To go farlgo away

Infinitive

Past tense

Infinitive

Past tense

A

4

(C) Yuccuc Transliteration YuSbur

%nglish To become patient To live (resident)

Yuskun

To keep qui c t

Yuskut

Infinitive

Past tense

9 J>

w

J+'+

* w

i+

* LW

Group 3 Cicic English To lovellike

;-cicc -cucc

(A) Y-cicc Transliteration Y-Hibb

Infinitive

Past tense

(B) Y-cucc Transliteration Y-HuTT

Infinitive

Past tense

To count To feel To lose wait To smell To gatherlcollect

,

To make wet To pedorm pilgrimage To pull To cheat To wraplgo around To ring

English To putlkq down To look

,

Y-buss

To answerlrespond

Y-rudd

r o cut

Y-IUSS

To knock

Y -dul'

To push

Y-zul*

To jump

Y-nuTT

Group 4

i

English To liftlput away

(A) Y-ciii Transliteration Y-(iil

To leave

Y- siib

To try on

Y-'iis

To bringlget

Y-giib

To lose

Y-Diic

To sell

Y-biit

To tease To add

Y-f-iiZ Y-Diif

To live

Y- t i i (

To be absent To get jeolous

Y-f-iib Y-@ir

English To see

(B) Y-cuuc Transliteration Y- Juuf

To fast

Y-Suum

To pass by

^c'w^

Infinitive

Past tense

-

JU

JJ>UU *

*

+

&b

'-Y*^

+l&

^

9

Infinitive

&

Past tense LiLu

^^-^

?h

Y-hut

&J^

&li

Y-zuur

JJA

JÈ

To drive To die To visit To become hungry To kiss

y-guut Y-buus

To wear out

Y-duub

To go

Y-ruuH

To say

Y-'uul

To be

Y-kuun

To become spoiled

Y-buuZ

To taste

Y-dud

To get up

Y-'uum

To swim

Y-pum

~f$+ L^

^

^

Group 5

&

t^ alfr

oh+

(A) Yicca (B) Yicci

4

Cici English To forget

(A) Yicca Transliteration Yinsa

To approvelto be satisfied

YirDa

To wake up

YiSHa

To become sick To become emptylfiee

Yitya YifDa

English To run

(B) Yicci Transliteration Yigri P

Group 6

Caca English

(A) Yicca Transliteration

To sign

YirnDi

To iron

Yikwi

To intend

Yinwi

To throw

Yirmi

To relate

YiHki

Infinitive

A,

Yi tiri

To begin

Yibtidi

^Â¥

^~rf

t^Ã

IS9^ &

if^ &

^

^

Infinitive

Past tense

0

&J^.

&J*

^^Â¥J^

(A) Yicci (B) Yicca

Infinitive

& ,

Past tense / - ' -

IS^

d

0

is&

&$

^Â¥ A

(JO

0

To buy

Past tense

0

&&

*0

&W\, \^\

(BlYicca English To become

Transliteration Yib'a

To find

Yil'a

To read

Yi'ra

Infinitive

^

To paint To try To finish To change To prefer To tearlcut to pieces To think To lose (sth) To stoplquit To go home To yell To offendlupset To s h o o ~ ~ k t ~ ' - ~ ) To cry To think To decide To repeat

y"

^

\A v A^-

Caccac ÑÑÑÑ -. Caccic ^

To return (sth)

'A-

A,

Group 7

English To clean

Past tense

d

Transliteration Y-naDDaf

Ycaccac Ycaccic

Infinitive

^-

Past tense ? :

^L^&

To joke To farewell To distribute To searchlfind out To sew To investigate To spend the summer To speak toltalk to To offedintroduce To switchlshift To substitute To color To kill

Group 8

ALJ-~-.

Caacic

ÑÑÑÃ

Y-caacic

English

rans slit era ti on

To study

Y-zaakir

$4,

@

To travel

Y-saafir

A^,

JL

To meet

Y-'aabil

&

To try

Y-Haawil

~h

&

To discuss

Y-naatiJ

du(

&U

Infinitive

Past tense

Group 9

^&J-*^>

English

rans slit era ti on

To speak up

Yitkallim

To learn

Yitcallim

To work

yijta@

To graduate

Yitxarrag

To watch

Yit farrag

To be assurred

YitTamrnin

To be late

Yit'axxar

To get married

Yitgawwiz

To sightsee

YitfassaH

To have lunch

Yitf-adda

To have dinner

~iteafia

To stroll

Yit ma&

To wait

Yistanna

To rest

YistirayyaH

To become mad/crazy

Yitgannin

To get used to

Yiteawwid

To be happy

YinbisiT

To remember

Yiftikir

To borrow

Yistilif

To apologize

Yttizir

To contact/call (phone)

YittiSil

To summerize

YixtiSir

Infinitive

Past tense

Note that: The first verb of every group only, carries the vowels and the rest of the verbs follow the same vowels

i& &I

The 1rregular Verbs

English To come TO

eat

Transliteration Yiigi yaakul

To take

Yaaxud

To sleep

Yimam

To be afraidscared

Yixaaf

Infinitive (J^JJ

JSU

Past tense


&(bi J&i/i

f^,

iH

dLj

dL&

4

To stand

Yu'af

4

To promise

Y i ~ i d

^Â¥

4 .& / y

Unattached

Formal subject pronoun

(pronominal)

Attached to noun

Possessive pronoun

Attached to verb

Object pronoun

Attached to preposition

I

-i,

In

9.

r.

& :

Object of prep.

Appendix (C)

Four Caliber of nouns (2 masculine & 2 feminine) Masculine ending with oneconsonant-

s

Masculine ending with two consonants. Feminine ending with one consonant before (t) marbuta and its GJ-S associated Fatha. Feminine ending with two consonants before (t) marbuta and its y -ia> associatedfatha.

rt-^

Insertion of vowel is needed in areas where suffixes started with consonant

Q*

No insertion of vowels is needed

*

Insertion of vowel is needed in all areas

Insertion of vowels is needed in areas where suffixes started with consonant

Note: Group 1 and group 4 are opposite situation while group 2 and group 3 are similar situations.

13

Notice that:

The vowel inserted is always a S J Ã ‘ xexcept when there is only one consonant separating the inserted vowel from the suffix. Then the inserted vowel should agree with the vowel within the suffix itself, this is what is called vowel harmony. The vowel preceding the suffix of the 1" person (sing.)and 2nd person (masc. & fern.) and 3 person (masc.) is associated with it. The associated Fatha 'x preceding the (t) marbuta (in the feminine noun) is deleted (as in group 3) except when the result is 3 consonants, then the insertion of a kasra x is needed before the (t) marbuta. In feminine nouns where the insertion of vowel is needed, it is inserted before the production of the (t) and the vowel is always a Kasra x .

Survival Arabic

Vegetables -

English Artichoke beet root carrots chick peas cucumber garlic

Tanslitration xar juuf bangar

English beans cabbage cauliflower eggplant green beans green wheat

Tanslitration fasolya kromb arnabiit bedingaan fasolya xaDra firiik

lettuce

xaSS

grape leaves

gzar Hommoss xiyaar toom warat tinab

green pepper Jew's mallow

filfil axDar moloxiyya

okra peas

onion

basal

pumpkin

bamya bissilla as? tasali

potato radish (white) scallions squash/zucchini swiss chard olives

baTaTis figl baladi basal axDar koosa salt zatuun

radish (red) spinach sweet potato tomato lemon/lime olives (green)

figl aHmar sabaanix BaTaaTa TamaaTimIuuta lamuun zatuun axDar

Fruits apples bananas cherries dates

tuffaaH mooz Kireez balaH

raisins

inab zibiib

1

apricots cantelope coconut figs guava

mibiJ kantalop gooz el hend tiin gawaafa

mangoes

manga

mulberries peaches persimmon plums strawberries tangerines melon

tuut xoox kaka bar'uut farawla yousafandi farnmaam

oranges pears pineapple

bortotaan kommetra ananaas

pomegranate sweet melon water melon grapefruit

rommaan [ammaam baTTiix grapefrut

Meat veal mutton beef pork ground beef

LaHma betel10 LaHma Daani LaHma kanduuz LaHm xanziir LaHma mafruuma

fish duck chicken pigeon lamb

samak baTT firaax Hamaam uuzi

Dairy egg milk YOW* sour cream

beeD laban laban zabaadi i ~ FallaaHi a

butter cream cream chease

zibda i(ta labna

Staples coffee

ahwa

cracked wheat

borcol

tea noodle spaghetti flour lentils

\a a ~ makaroona spagetti di'ii'

sugar rice semolina yeast lentils (black)

sokkar rozz simiiT xamiira tats isswid

lentils (yellow)

tats asfar

tats

Nuts

almonds coconut

looz gooz el hend

peanuts pine nuts

pistachio nuts

fozdo'

walnuts

hazelnuts

bondo'

suudaani sineebar teen gamal

Spices allspice bayleaf cardamon celery chives choves cumin dill garden rocket

buharaat wara' lawra Habbahaan karats kurraat unmfil kammuun abat gargiir

tamarind anise basil carraway cinnamon coriander

ginger

ganzabiil

liquorice

tamr hendy yensuun riHaan karawya irfa kozbara kaary toom figl i r ' suus

leeks

korraat

mint

n i t naaf

nutmeg

onion

basal

oregano

goozt iTTiib zattas

peppercorn

filfil Habb

pepper (black) pepper (white) salt storks bill

filfil iswid filfil abyad malH mistika

pepper (red) sesame chervil (green leaves) tumeric

filfil aHmar simsim Kosbara xaDra korkom

curry garlic raddish

Materials gold silver iron copper

dahab faDDa Hadiid naHaas aHmar

brass chrome glass aluminum

naHaas asfar h u m izaaz alamunyum

Cloth cloth

silk wool cotton polyester

'umaas Hariir Suuf otn polyester

velvet plain checked stnped

aTiifa saada karohaat mi'allim

Glossary Nouns are put in their indefinite form (e.i. without J1)

Food Holiday Meeting Pharmacy News Week Professor Name X-ray Friends Yesterday Exam We've been entertained Room Door Rest (n) Packet Exactly Sea Orange Cold (weather) Cold (ailment) Jar French frieslpotatoes Card Grocer Tips Tomorrow Country Girl Gadoil Pant s/trousers Door man Salesman House/home Egg Historyldate Ticket Dust Table We've been honored

'akl agaaza

agzaxaana axbaar

ism as i t f-a aSHaab imbaariH imt iHaan anistuuna ooDa baab baa'i baaku b-izzabt baHr burtu'aan bard bard barTamaan baTaaTis biTaa a 7

bukra balad bint benziin banTaloon bawwab beet beeD tariix tazkara turaab tarabeeza a jarrafna tuffaaH

"iW (JAU

feu" tl&lJ

43 iA3

u 9 tit;

Report Repetition Air-conditioner Icelsnow Male nurse Exercise Seconds University Cheese Waiter Newspaper Butcher Shoes Sentence Nationality Weather Letterlanswer Neighbor Thing Immediatelylat once Hot (weather) Accounthill Horse Party Barber Bathroom Pigeon Dialogue Wall Service Map Cash machine Specially Vegetables Warm Dizzy Study (n) Class (i.e. in train) Lesson Shower The world (it is) Medicine Turdfloor Noise Tactfulness Opinion Man Picnicltrip Rice Platform Humid

tikraar takyiif talg tamargi sawaani gibna garsoon gurnaal gazzaar gazma ginsiyya gagawaab giraan Haaga Haal an Harr Hisaab HuSaan Hafla Hallaa' Hammaam Hamaam Hiwaar Heeta xidma xariiTa xazna xuSuuSan xuDaar daafi daayix diraasa daraga Dars d"S

s

dawa door daw[a zoo ray raagil rHIa

Prescription Chieflboss Yogurt Colleaguelclassmate Question Clock/watch/hour Plumber Basket Chalk board Woman Speed Line Embassy Dining table Secretary Salad Stairs Fish Teeth Year Driver Tourists Street Tea Window Personal Middle East Clever (pi.) Chess Maid Cook Flat Left (direction) Sun Bag Month Check Soap Morning Headache Page Picture Pharmacist Noon Queue Fresh Student Cook Of course

ruritta rayyis zabaadi zimiil su'aal saaca sabbaak sabat subbuura sitt surca saTr sifaara sufra sikirteera salaTa sillim samak sinaan sana sawwaa' suyyaaH

J sari;_

J say

ibbaak

a"a

\ imaal \ ams 4

Santa ^ 5 eek

Sabuun SubH Sudaat SafHa Suura Saydali Duhr Tabuur Taaza Taalib Tabbaax Tabtan

21 Plane Officer Normal~usual Colloquial

Arabic Car Policeman Dinnerlsupper Because Juice Box Generally Address Clinic Patientlsick Family Lunch Laundry Fruits Chicken Janitor Blanks Opportunity Dress Classical Classroom Breakfast Verb Change(smal1 bills) Camation(very clean) Money Artist Broad beans Dictionary Department Train Piece Sitting Penlpencil Shirt Coffee Glass Book Copybook Chair Tie

Tayyaara Zaabit

kasiil fakha firaax farra farakaat furSa fustaan foSHa faS1 fiTaar fakka full fuluus fannaan fool Qamuus Qism 'atr QiTta 'utaad 'alam 'amiis 'ahwa kubbaaya kitaab kurraasa kursi karavatta

Note book Enough Dog Word Electricity Electrician Bridge Ball baglpurse Meat Nice Until If Color Night Late Museum Dual Stuffed Wallet Storelshop Local Teacher Managerldirector Jam Time (once) Comfortable Boat Fan Hospital In a hurry Amazed Imported Serial (TV) Problem Apricot Way Grilled Kitchen Rain Singer Restaurant Never mind Stomach ache Key Place Desk/office Librarylbook casehook store Iron man Air-conditioned

kaJ kuul kifaaya kalb kilma kahraba kahrubaa'i kubri koora kiis lama laTiif litaayit law loon lee1 mit axxar matHaf

maHfaZa maHal maHalli mudarrisa mudiir mirabba marra mirtaaH markib marwaHa msta\fa mistatgil mustawrad musalsal

muftaaH makaan maktab maktaba makwagi mukayyaf

Nurse Forbidden Suitable Engineer Transportatiodtraffic Utensils Employee Water Square (of street) Appointment Birth Club People Comer (of street) Calendar Carpenter Stars Eye glasses Same Number Day time River Light Kind Sleeping ISlle (river) Presents Clothes Wind Homework Middlekenter Face Job BOY Right (direction) Day

mumamda mamnuu;munaasib muhandis muwaaSalaaT mawaLiin muwaZZaf mayya midaan micaad miilaad naad i naas naSya natiiga naggaar nuguum naddaara nafs nirnra nahaar nahr nuur noom niil hadaaya huduum hawa

walad

^/V*'\O

:^+I^.

I. S.B. N. 977 - 19 - 7930 - 2

.. - -. + a *

'+l

yl iJWl^I*

^

ancient Egyptian are the masters of the written word had an impact on the flourishment of civilization in the word