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Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes
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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SOFIA
The second volume of the series “Biodiversity of Bulgaria“ deals with both parts (Bulgarian and Greek) of the Eastern Rhodopes. The book consists of articles on the flora (1962 species of higher plants) and 45 articles on the fauna (4329 animal species). The volume contains also analysis of the zoogeography of each group, data about the relicts, the endemics and the sites of importance for conservation. The huge ammount of information is is provided by 56 authors.
(Bulgaria and Greece) BIODIVERSITY OF BULGARIA 2
Editors: Petar Beron and Alexi Popov
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B I O D I V E R S I T Y
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B U L G A R I A
Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) Editors: Petar Beron and Alexi Popov
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SOFIA
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1
BIODIVERSITY OF EASTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ НА ИЗТОЧНИТЕ РОДОПИ (БЪЛГАРИЯ И ГЪРЦИЯ)
2
Биоразнообразие на България
2 БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ НА ИЗТОЧНИТЕ РОДОПИ (БЪЛГАРИЯ И ГЪРЦИЯ) Редактори Петър Берон и Алекси Попов
Издателство Пенсофт Национален природонаучен музей Българска академия на науките София, 2004
3
Biodiversity of Bulgaria
2 BIODIVERSITY OF EASTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) Editors Petar Beron and Alexi Popov
Pensoft Publishers National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia, 2004
4 BIODIVERSITY OF BULGARIA 2: BIODIVERSITY OF EASTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA AND GREECE) Editors Petar Beron and Alexi Popov
© National Museum of Natural History ISBN 954-8828-03-0
© PENSOFT Publishers ISBN 954-642-227-4 Pensoft Series Faunistica No 41 ISSN 1312-0174
Published with the financial support of the Swiss agency for development and co-operation in the frame of BSBCP
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Printed in Bulgaria, December 2004
5
Contents Foreward ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Marina YORDANOVA Physical-Geographical characteristics of the Eastern Rhodopes ................................................. 17 Antoaneta PETROVA Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) and its conservation significance ............................ 53 Dolja PAVLOVA, Dimitar DIMITROV, Ekaterina KOŽUHAROVA Flora of the serpentine complexes in Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ........................................ 119 Antoaneta PETROVA, Rossen VASSILEV, Christo CHRISTOV, Irina GERASIMOVA New data and notes on the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .................................... 131 Rossinka DETCHEVA Les Ciliés (Protozoa: Ciliophora) des biotopes aquatiques du massif des Rhodopes (Bulgarie) .... .......................................................................................................................................................... 139 Dimitar BECHEV The freshwater medusa Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) in Ivaylovgrad Dam (Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria) ........................................................................ 147 Dimitar BECHEV The freshwater crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .... .......................................................................................................................................................... 149 Boyan P. PETROV The false scorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .......................................................................................................................................................... 153 Plamen MITOV Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .............................. 167 Christo DELTSHEV, Stoyan LAZAROV, Gergin BLAGOEV Spiders (Araneae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .................................... 181 Sergei I. GOLOVATCH, Pavel STOEV A new species of the millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 from a cave in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria), with some remarks on its congeners (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae) .... .......................................................................................................................................................... 199 Pavel STOEV The myriapods (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ......... .......................................................................................................................................................... 207 Milen MARINOV Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ................. 221
6 Krassimir KUMANSKI Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................................................ 237 Alexi POPOV, Dragan CHOBANOV Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera and Orthoptera of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .................................................................................................................................... 241 Elena TASHEVA-TERZIEVA Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .............................. 311 Ilia GJONOV Cicadina (Insecta: Homoptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ...................................... 315 Michail JOSIFOV, Nikolay SIMOV Heteroptera (Insecta) in the Bulgarian Part of the Eastern Rhodopes .................................... 331 Alexi POPOV List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .................................................................................................................................... 371 Borislav GUÉORGUIEV Аdephagous and some staphyliniform beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .................................................................................................................... 379 Eugeni CHEHLAROV Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................................ 413 Vladimir SAKALIAN Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .................... 419 Vassila JORDANOVA Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Eastеrn Rodopes (Bulgaria) ............................. 427 Georgi GEORGIEV, Anelia STOJANOVA, Peter BOYADZHIEV, Mario LANGOUROV Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ............ 433 Blagoy GRUEV Zoogeographical study on the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ......................................................................................................................................... 439 Borislav GUÉORGUIEV, Boyan PETROV Second species of the genus Troglorrhynchus F. Schmidt (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae) in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes ............................................................. 453 Nikolai BALEVSKI Checklist of the braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ......................................................................................................................................... 463
7 Anelia STOJANOVA Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................ 489 Peter BOYADZHIEV Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................... 497 Albena LAPEVA-GJONOVA Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ............................. 507 Krassimir KUMANSKI Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) .............................. 515 Stoyan BESHKOV, Mario LANGOUROV Butterflies and Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes ...... 525 Stoyan BESHKOV, Hartmut WEGNER Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes ................................................ 677 Jaroslaw BUSZKO & Stoyan BESHKOV A preliminary survey of leafmining moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes ............................................................................................ 723 Dimitar BECHEV Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ............................................................... 735 Venelin BESCHOVSKI Diptera Brachycera recorded for the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .......................................... 741 Mario LANGOUROV Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) with special consideration of winter-active species ................................................................................................................... 759 Zdravko HUBENOV Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................................................... 769 Zdravko HUBENOV Molluscs (Mollusca) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) .................................................... 777 Atanas IRIKOV, Ivaylo DEDOV Contribution to the knowledge of the terrestrial gastropod fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ......................................................................................................... 787 Petar BERON, Boyan PETROV, Pavel STOEV The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ....................... 791 Petar BERON Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ............................................................................................................................................ 823
8 Tihomir STEFANOV, Teodora TRICHKOVA Fish species diversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ........................................................ 849 Boyan P. PETROV The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) ... .......................................................................................................................................................... 863 Stoycho STOYCHEV, Hristo HRISTOV, Petar IANKOV, Dimitar DEMERDZHIEV Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes ................................................................ 881 Teodora MINKOVA Small mammals (Insectivora and Rodentia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ................ 895 Teodora IVANOVA, Antoaneta GUEORGUIEVA Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) – species diversity, zoogeography and faunal patterns ............................................................................................... 907 Nikolai SPASSOV, Georgi MARKOV Biodiversity of large mammals (Macromammalia) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) ...... 929 Zdravko HUBENOV Estimation of the Faunistic Diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes .............................................. 941
9
Съдържание Предговор ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Марина ЙОРДАНОВА Физикогеографска характеристика на Източните Родопи ............................................... 51 Антоанета ПЕТРОВА Флората на Източните Родопи (България) и нейната консервационна значимост ..... 117 Доля ПАВЛОВА, Димитър ДИМИТРОВ, Екатерина КОЖУХАРОВА Флора на серпентинитните комплекси в Източните Родопи (България) .................. 129 Антоанета ПЕТРОВА, Росен ВАСИЛЕВ, Христо ХРИСТОВ, Ирина ГЕРАСИМОВА Нови данни и бележки за флората на Източните Родопи (България) ............................ 138 Росинка ДЕЧЕВА Цилиати (Protozoa – Ciliophora) от водните биотопи на Родопите (България) ........ 146 Димитър БЕЧЕВ Сладководната медуза Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) в язовир Ивайловград (Източни Родопи, България) ............................................................................ 148 Димитър БЕЧЕВ Сладководният крив рак в Източните Родопи (България) ............................................. 151 Боян ПЕТРОВ Псевдоскорпиони (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ............................................................................................................................................ 166 Пламен МИТОВ Сенокосците (Arachnida: Opiliones) на Източните Родопи (България) ......................... 179 Христо ДЕЛЧЕВ, Стоян ЛАЗАРОВ, Гергин БЛАГОЕВ Паяци (Araneae) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) .......................................... 198 Сергей ГОЛОВАЧ, Павел СТОЕВ Нов вид многоножка от род Metonomastus Attems, 1937 от пещера в Източните Родопи (България) с бележки върху някои близкородствени таксони (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae) .......................................................................................................................................................... 205 Павел СТОЕВ Многоножките (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ..... 220 Милен МАРИНОВ Водните кончета (Insecta: Odonata) на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ...... 235 Красимир КУМАНСКИ Перли (Insecta: Plecoptera) от Източните Родопи (България) ......................................... 239
10 Алекси ПОПОВ, Драган ЧОБАНОВ Ортоптеридните насекоми (Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera и Orthoptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ................................................................................ 308 Елена ТАШЕВА-ТЕРЗИЕВА Листни въшки (Homoptera, Aphidodea) от Източните Родопи (България) ................ 314 Илия ГЬОНОВ Cicadina (Insecta: Homoptera) на Източните Родопи (България) .................................... 330 Михаил ЙОСИФОВ, Николай СИМОВ Heteroptera (Insecta) в българската част на Източните Родопи .................................... 369 Алекси ПОПОВ Списък на Raphidioptera, Neuroptera и Mecoptera, публикувани от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ...................................................................................................................... 378 Борислав ГЕОРГИЕВ Адефагни и някои стафилиниформни бръмбари (Insecta: Coleoptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ...................................................................................................................... 410 Евгени ЧЕХЛАРОВ Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) от Източните Родопи (България) .................................. 418 Владимир САКАЛЯН Златки (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) от Източните Родопи (България) .............................. 425 Васила ЙОРДАНОВА Калинки (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) в Източните Родопи (България) ............................. 432 Георги ГЕОРГИЕВ, Анелия СТОЯНОВА, Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ, Марио ЛАНГУРОВ Церамбициди (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) от Източните Родопи (България) .............. 437 Благой ГРУЕВ Зоогеографско проучване на листоядите от подсемействата Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae и Cassidinae в Източните Родопи (България) .................................... 452 Борислав ГЕОРГИЕВ, Боян ПЕТРОВ Втори вид на род Troglorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae) от българските Източни Родопи .................................................................................................. 462 Николай БАЛЕВСКИ Анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) в Източните Родопи (България) ........................................................................................................................ 488 Анелия СТОЯНОВА Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) от Източните Родопи (България) ............. 495 Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ Семейство Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) в Източните Родопи (България) .... 505
11 Албена ЛАПЕВА-ГЬОНОВА Мравки (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) от Източните Родопи (България) ......................... 513 Красимир КУМАНСКИ Ручейниците (Insecta: Trichoptera) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ......... 524 Стоян БЕШКОВ, Марио ЛАНГУРОВ Дневните и нощните люспестокрили насекоми (Insecta: Lepidoptera) от българската част на Източните Родопи ..................................................................................................... 675 Стоян БЕШКОВ, Хартмут ВЕГНЕР Дневните и нощните люспестокрили насекоми (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Macrolepidoptera) от гръцката част на Източните Родопи ............................................................................ 722 Ярослав БУШКО, Стоян БЕШКОВ Миниращи молци (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera) от българската част на Източните Родопи .................................................................................................................... 732 Димитър БЕЧЕВ Гъбни комари (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) от Източните Родопи (България) ............................................................ 739 Венелин БЕШОВСКИ Diptera Brachycera, съобщени за Източните Родопи (България) ....................................... 757 Марио ЛАНГУРОВ Фориди (Diptera: Phoridae) от Източните Родопи (България) със специално внимание върху зимно-активните видове ............................................................................................... 768 Здравко ХУБЕНОВ Tachinidae (Diptera) от Източните Родопи (България) ..................................................... 775 Здравко ХУБЕНОВ Мекотели (Mollusca) от Източните Родопи (България) .................................................. 786 Атанас ИРИКОВ, Ивайло ДЕДОВ Принос към изучаването на сухоземната гастроподна фауна (Mollusca: Gastropoda) на Източните Родопи (България) ................................................................................................ 790 Петър БЕРОН, Боян ПЕТРОВ, Павел СТОЕВ Безгръбначната пещерна фауна на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ................ 822 Петър БЕРОН Приноси на различни автори към фауната на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция), с бележки върху акарите (Myobiidae, Macronyssidae, Spinturnicidae) ................................. 848 Тихомир СТЕФАНОВ, Теодора ТРИЧКОВА Видово разнообразие на рибите в Източните Родопи (България) .................................. 861
12 Боян П. ПЕТРОВ Херпетофауна (Amphibia и Reptilia) на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) ........ 878 Стойчо СТОЙЧЕВ, Христо ХРИСТОВ, Петър ЯНКОВ, Димитър ДЕМЕРДЖИЕВ Птиците в българската част на Източните Родопи ...................................................... 894 Теодора МИНКОВА Дребни бозайници (Insectivora и Rodentia) от Източните Родопи (България) ............ 906 Теодора ИВАНОВА, Антоанета ГЕОРГИЕВА Прилепите (Mammalia: Chiroptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) – видов състав, зоогеографска и фаунистична характеристика .................................................... 927 Николай СПАСОВ, Георги МАРКОВ Биоразнообразие на едрите бозайници (Macromammalia) в Източните Родопи (България) .......................................................................................................................................................... 940 Здравко ХУБЕНОВ Оценка на фаунистичното разнообразие на Източните Родопи ................................... 951
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Foreword The interest in the collection of papers “Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge” (2001), as well as the increased interest in the problems of biodiversity in general incited us to go ahead with a series of such collections of papers on the biodiversity of various parts of Bulgaria. The second volume of this series is devoted to the Eastern Rhodopes – insufficiently known until recently, but rather interesting part of Bulgaria (where possible, data have been included concerning the part of the mountain which is now in Greece). The territory, treated in this volume, is somewhat wider than the strict geographical boundaries of the Eastern Rhodopes, in order to include the whole valley of Arda River and the parts of the mountain featuring the landscape typical for the eastern part of the Rhodopes. The surface of the Eastern Rhodopes is about 6000 km2 (5,4 % of the total surface of Bulgaria), but this relatively small territory is characterized by exceptional biodiversity. So far, in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes 1962 species of higher plants (50.3 % of all species in Bulgaria) have been recorded, 11 of all 17 species of amphibians, 26 of the 36 species of reptiles, 278 of the total of 399 species of birds, etc. According to the National Strategy for Conservation of Biodiversity, the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes has a high degree of importance concerning species diversity, medium to high importance in terms of endemism and high importance in terms of the rarity of taxons. At the same time, the need of additional research in the Eastern Rhodopes has been pointed out. The National Strategy put the Rhodopes in the first place among the priority areas for creation of new protected territories in Bulgaria. In 1994, following the Convention for Biodiversity and the Recommendations of Rio de Janeiro, the Swiss Government decided to support the sustainable management and the protection of the Eastern Rhodopes biodiversity. In the period 1994-2004, within the project “Eastern Rhodopes” of the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program (BSBCP) the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation donated the amount of 720 000 Swiss Francs. The Bulgarian-Swiss Program organized faunistic and floristic research in this region and most of it found place in this volume. Based on this research and the available information, the key areas for preserving the biodiversity have been defined. Since 1994 on, with the support of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BSBCP and in a cooperation with the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds and other interested institutions, 16 new protected territories have been officially announced in the State Gazette with a total surface of over 70 km2, thus enlarging four times the area of the protected territories in the region. The enlarging of the surface of protected territories in the Eastern Rhodopes contributed to the conservation of the nesting populations of priority species like the Griffon Vulture, the Black Stork, the Egyptian Vulture, the Golden Eagle, etc. Action plans have been designed for conservation of the vultures, the land tortoises and Eriolobus trilobata not only on a regional, but on a national level as well. Long term programs have been started not only on these species, but also on the preservation of the Otter, the Pygmy Cormorant, the Imperial Eagle and among the plants of Lilium rhodopeum, Populus nigra, Orchis provincialis. With the support of the Bulgarian-Swiss Program, the capacity of the local structures of the Ministry of Environment and Waters (RIMEW – Haskovo) and the National
14 Department of Forests (RFD - Кardjali) has increased. With the equipment provided (four wheel drive cars and motor boats) and with the specialized training, the control on the preservation and the regulation of the natural heritage in the region has been enhanced. To increase the public awareness and involve the locals, an incentive educational program of BSBCP took place. Each year thousands of children participate in ornithological contests. The development of the ecotourism became a priority of the communal politics and an important element of the involvement of the local communities in the preservation of the biodiversity. The vultures became a trademark of the area and the name of the Center for Nature Protection “Eastern Rhodopes” in Madjarovo is now known in many countries. The Institute of Zoology published in 1975 a special collection of 11 articles (in Bulgarian) on the “Fauna of the Rhodopes”. Only several groups have been represented and the data concern mostly the fauna of the Western Rhodopes. A considerable part of the information collected as a result of the investigations within the framework of the Bulgarian-Swiss Program however remained in unpublished reports. With much effort, we managed to organize 48 zoologists and 7 botanists to present thoroughly “their” groups in special articles. Altogether, 4329 animal species and 1962 species of higher plants have found place in the articles, which indicates considerable advance in the study of the regional fauna. This massif of information starts with a geographical overview, due to Dr Marina Yordanova, and ends with a general analysis by Dr Zdravko Hubenov. Almost all authors are Bulgarians, which indicates the high level of Bulgarian faunistic and floristic potential. Besides the generalizations and the complete lists of taxa, the collection of papers contains many unpublished data, as well as information about the inhabitants of this peculiar part of Bulgaria. These data will be a good basis for better argumentation and delimitation of the new protected area in the Eastern Rhodopes under project. For some groups (Lepidoptera with 1186 species) the information is rather complete, but for other groups the investigation is forthcoming. Taking into account the importance of biodiversity on a European scale, these generalizations will be priority also for the National Museum of Natural History (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) – editor of this series. The publication of the present volume is largely due to the Bulgarian-Swiss Program.
The Editors
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Предговор Интересът към сборника “Биоразнообразие на Кресненския пролом” (2002), както и повишеният интерес изобщо към проблема за биоразнообразието, ни накараха да предприемем издаването на цяла серия сборници за биоразнообразието на различни части на България. Вторият том е посветен на Източните Родопи – доскоро слабо проучена, но твърде интересна част на България (където е възможно са включени данни и за тази част на планината, която е сега в Гърция). Обхватът, третиран в настоящия том, е малко по-широк от строго географските граници на Източните Родопи, с оглед да се обхване цялото поречие на Арда и тези части на планината, които имат типичния за Източните Родопи ландшафт. Източните Родопи заемат площ около 6000 кв.км, което е само 5,4 % от площта на България, но тази относително малка територия се характеризира с изключително биологично разнообразие. Досега в Източните Родопи са установени 1962 вида висши растения (50.3 % от видовете в страната), 11 от всичките 17 вида земноводни, 26 от 36-те вида влечуги, 278 от всичко 399 вида птици и др. Съгласно Националната стратегия за опазване на биологичното разнообразие територията на Източните Родопи се характеризира с “висока” степен на значимост по отношение на видовото разнообразие, “средна и висока” - по отношение на ендемизма и “висока” по рядкост на таксоните. Едновремено с това е посочена и нуждата от допълнителни проучвания на Източните Родопи. Националната стратегия определя Родопите на първо място сред приоритетните територии по отношение създаването на нови защитени територии в България. През 1994 г. в изпълнение на Конвенцията за биологичното разнообразие и препоръките от Рио де Жанейро швейцарското правителство взе решение да подпомогне устойчивото стопанисване и опазване на биологичното разнообразие на Източните Родопи. За периода 1994 - 2004 г. в рамките на проекта “Източни Родопи” на Българо-швейцарската програма за опазване на биоразнообразието (БШПОБ) Швейцарската агенция за развитие и сътрудничество отпусна безвъзмездно сумата от 720 000 швейцарски франка. В рамките на БШПОБ бяха извършени задълбочени фаунистични и флористични проучвания на региона, значителна част от които са представени в тази книга. На базата на тези проучвания бяха определени ключовите места за опазване на биологичното разнообразие. От 1994 г. насам с подкрепата на БШПОБ в сътрудничество с Българското дружество за защита на птиците (БДЗП), БАН и други заинтересовани институции бяха обявени 16 нови защитени територии с обща площ над 70 кm2, което увеличи четирикратно площта на защитените природни територии в региона. Разширяването на мрежата от защитени територии в Източните Родопи допринесе за опазването на гнездовите популации на приоритетни видове като белоглавия лешояд, черния щъркел, египетския лешояд, скалния орел и др. Бяха разработени планове за действие за опазване на белоглавия и черния лешояд, сухоземните костенурки и триделнолистната брекиня не само в регионален, но и в национален аспект. Тези планове станаха основа за изпълнение на дългосрочни природозащитни програми за опазване на тези видове. Бяха стартирани и
16 дългосрочни програми за опазване на видрата, малкия корморан, царския орел, родопския крем, черната топола, провансалския салеп. В рамките на БШПОБ беше повишен капацитетът на местните структури на Министерството на околната среда и водите (РИОСВ – Хасково) и Националното управление по горите (РУГ - Кърджали). С предоставеното оборудване (автомобили с висока проходимост и лодки с извънбордов двигател) и специализирано обучение стана възможен контролът по опазването и управлението на природното наследство на региона. За повишаване на обществената осведоменост и въвличане на местното население бе подпомогната мащабна образователна програма на БДЗП. В ежегодни конкурси и орнитологични олимпиади се въвличат годишно хиляди деца. Развитието на екотуризма стана приоритет на общинските политики и съществен елемент от въвличането на местните общности в опазването на биоразнообразието на Източните Родопи. Лешоядите се превърнаха в запазена марка на региона, а името на Природозащитния център “Източни Родопи” в Маджарово е известно по целия свят. Върху фауната на Родопите беше публикуван през 1975 г. специален сборник от 11 статии на български език, но те обхващат само някои групи и данните се отнасят преди всичко за Западните Родопи. Много от събраните данни в резултат на изследванията по българо-швейцарската програма обаче останаха в непубликувани доклади. С цената на много усилия можахме да убедим и организираме 48 зоолози и 7 ботаници да представят цялостно изследваните от тях групи в специални статии. Обхванати са 4329 вида животни и 1962 вида висши растения, което показва значителният напредък в изучаването на планината. Този внушителен масив от информация започва с географски обзор, вещо съставен от д-р М. Йорданова, и завършва с обобщителен анализ от д-р Здравко Хубенов. Почти всички автори са българи, което показва високото равнище на българската фаунистика и флористика. Освен обобщенията и пълните списъци на групите, сборникът съдържа и много непубликувани досега данни, както и информация за консервационното значение на обитателите на тази своеобразна част на България. Тези данни ще послужат за подоброто обосноваване на проектираните нови защитени територии в Родопите от двете страни на границата. За някои групи има обширна информация (пеперудите с 1186 вида), но за други изследванията тепърва предстоят. Като се има предвид значението, което се отдава на биоразнообразието в европейски мащаб, тези обобщения стават приоритетни и ще бъдат важна част от дейността на Националния природонаучен музей при БАН – издател на поредицата. Отпечатване на тома стана със съдействието на българо-швейцарската програма.
Редакторите
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Physical-Geographical characteristics of the Eastern Rhodopes
MARINA YORDANOVA
Yordanova M. 2004. Physical-Geographical characteristics of the Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 17-52. Abstract. This work provides a detailed characterization of the basic natural components: rock structure, relief, climate, water, soil, plant and animal life. Their specific features, closely associated with the impact of various endogenic and exogenic factors, are accentuated. The results, both from the author’s personal investigations and from other publications, are supplemented by additional analyses and interpretations, which make the physical geographical description complete and science-based. Key words: morphohydrography, geological-tectonic structure, contemporary relief, climate, water resources, soil, plant cover, landscapes, protected areas
Geographical location, Boundaries, Extent The Eastern Rhodopes are located in the southernmost part of Bulgaria (the Veykata Summit is the southernmost point of the country - at a latitude of 41014' North). Their peripheral branches penetrate Greece. On the north and east, the mountains border on the Upper and the Lower Thracian Lowland, and in the south, they reach the Aegean Sea and the Aegean Lowland. The Eastern Rhodopes occupy the lower eastern part of the Rhodopes Massif, which merges rather abruptly with the adjacent lowlands. The Eastern Rhodope boundary is markedly outlined, especially to the south, towards the Aegean Lowland, where the southern slopes are steep and rise more than 1000 m above the surrounding flat area. To the north, the transition of the Eastern Rhodopes into the Upper Thracian Lowland is gradual, via the Haskovo Hilly Region or the Haskovo Foothill Step (GALABOV, 1982b), which together with the Eastern Rhodope hills of Huhlata and Gorata form a threshold, which separates the Upper and Lower Thracian Lowland (STEFANOV, 2002). Although the Haskovo Step hills are not high (300-350 m) and rise insignificantly over the surrounding lowlands, they are quite rigorous, so that the Maritsa River has cut a gorge near Harmanli in the section between the eastern marginal parts of the Huhlata Hill and the marginal southwestern branches of Sakar. The Eastern Rhodopes slopes are long and slanting to the east, towards the Lower
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Thracian Lowland, where they reach the Maritsa River (the latter cuts through them in places). The border between the Eastern Rhodopes and the western high part of the Rhodope Massif is structural - it runs along the western periphery of the Eastern Rhodopes Structural Depression and is morphographically traced along river valleys, cols and slope steps. On Bulgarian territory, from north to south, it follows the Kayaliyka River Valley (a right-hand tributary of Maritsa, f lowing into it at the village of Skobelevo), passes through the Kitkata Col (between the Prespanski Ridge and Dragoyna Hill, 735 m), continues along the Borovitsa River Valley (Arda’s lefthand tributary), crosses the eastern branches of Zhalti Dyal towards the Varbitsa River Valley and the border-lying col Tri Kamaka (550 m) in the south-east of Zlatograd (GALABOV, 1977; STEFANOV, 2002). On Greek territory, the boundary follows the Menkova River Valley (a left-hand tributary of Sushitsa River) and further downstream - the Sushitsa River Valley (Kuru Potamos) till it enters the Aegean Lowland to the east of Iazmos. In physical-geographical terms, some authors admit that the boundary between the Eastern and Western Rhodopes coincides with the Arda River Valley, starting from the Borovitsa River mouth and running up to Srednogortsi and along the Madanska River southward to the frontier (VAPTSAROV et al., 1989). Others draw it along the Arda River up to Rudozem and along the Chepinska River to the frontier in the south (GEORGIEV, 1991), and on Greek territory it follows the main Sushitsa River Vally. As delineated above, the Eastern Rhodopes, whose western boundary passes along the Borovitsa and Varbitsa river valleys, occupy 6005 km2 (GALABOV, 1966), which is 41% of the whole area, covered by the Rhodope Massif; 4200 km2 or 70% of the Eastern Rhodopes area are within Bulgaria.
Morphohydrography The Eastern Rhodopes are a complexly dissected massif, consisting of numerous main ridges, branches and hills, which are separated by wide longitudinal depressions and river valleys. Their morphographic units are oriented in two main directions - from west to east and from north to south (Fig. 1). The major mountain ridges have westeastern orientation, shaping the basic structure of the massif such as the two peripheral orographic frames (GALABOV, 1986). Some hills of secondary importance are of northsouthern orientation, stretching either inward to the mountain interior or outward to the external periphery of the massif, which is surrounded by lowlands. The prevalence of ridges from the massif’s two frames (northern and southern) justifies the division of the Rhodopes into two parts, named North Eastern and South Eastern Rhodopes. They are divided by the Arda River Valley and, to the west, they incorporate regions from the Western Rhodopes (STEFANOV, 2002). The northern frame is delimited by the almost rectilinear narrow ridges of Chukata and Gorata, which strike from west to east, while the southern one is accentuated by the consolidated mountain ridges, including Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik. The mountain ridges from the two frames play the role of watershed divides of the Arda River
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Fig. 1. Morphohydrographic scheme of the Eastern Rhodopes catchment area - the main river in the Eastern Rhodopes, which in this zone runs also from west to east. On the other hand, they, in combination with the branches and hills of secondary importance, outline the catchment areas of the Arda River tributaries and of the Byala Reka River in the mountain interior, as well as of the remaining rivers, draining the massif’s margin. To the north of the Chukata and Gorata ridges, the Haskovo Hilly Region or the Haskovo Hilly Step is situated. From west to east, it embraces the hills of Dragoyna and Mechkovets, connected with the Chukata Ridge in its westernmost corner near the Kitkata Col; their continuation to the east are the Uzundjovski and Haskovski hills, which are close to each other and which reach the Maritsa River in the section Maritsa-Harmanli. In the shallow depressions between the Haskovo Hill and the ridges of Chukata and Gorata, separated by the Chala and Huhlata hills (which are branching from the Gorata Ridge in north-northeastern direction), the rivers Harmanliyska and Biserska have formed their basins with the typical for the Eastern Rhodopes west-east orientation. To the east, the Biserska River basin is surrounded by the single elevation of Gradishte, rising in the easternmost part of the Haskovo Step. In the closed intramountain space between the Chukata and Gorata ridges to the north and the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik to the south, the Eastern
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Rhodopes Massif consists of isolated large elevations, separated by the wide valleys of the Arda’s right-hand tributaries Varbitsa and Krumovitsa and by the ones of Byala Reka River in the farthest southeastern part of Bulgaria. To the west, this whole area, defined as Varbishko-Krumovishka Low-Mountain Zone (GALABOV, 1966), is f lanked by the Zhalti Dyal mountain branch with southwest-northeast orientation - from the frontier (where it merges with the Western Rhodope Ardenski Dyal) to the Arda River Curve, the west of Kardjali Dam, where the river changes its direction from northeastern into eastern. From the highest point of Zhalty Dyal, the Ustrenski Rid branches towards southeast, around which the Varbitsa River sharply changes its direction from west-eastern to south-northern until it f lows into the Arda River. Among the longitudinal valleys of Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, the Stramni Rid stretches meridionally, too. To the south, it merges with Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik at the Makaza Col, whereas to the north, it reaches the Arda River Valley, which crosses its margin near Studen Kladenets Dam. Due to the incision of Boyuk Dere River into the northern part of Stramni Rid, the latter is heavily dissected and a secondary hill branches from it in north-eastern direction, called Boynik Planina (previously known as Yurpek). A northern-oriented, consolidated secondary branch of Maglenika can be distinguished further to the east, such as the Iran Tepe Ridge, which reaches the Arda River near Madjarovo and forms the southern border of the Madjarovo Gorge. This ridge separates the basins of the Krumovitsa River to the west and the meridional section of the Byala Reka River to the east; its eastern branch, named the Sarta (Grebena) Ridge, serves as a watershed divide between the Arda and Byala rivers, running almost parallel in east-southeast direction up to the border. From Maglenika, east of Iran Tepe (in the Byala Reka catchment area), the Cherna Planina Ridge branches off to the north. The Arda River, as a major hydrographic axis of this intramountain space, has a markedly asymmetrical drainage basin because of its well-developed right-hand part with the Varbitsa and Krumovitsa tributaries and its less developed left-hand part, where the Perperek River is the only bigger tributary. The Perperek Drainage Basin is surrounded by the Chukata Ridge and by a secondary one, called Kamenik (Kayadjik), which branches off from it to the south and from the north flanks the Kardjaliysko Valley Widening. Downstream, the Arda River forms some more valley widenings near the Perperek and Krumovitsa river mouths, separated by gorges. Immediately after the Borislavsko Widened Area, the long Kamildolski Gorge starts and continues up to the frontier. The Eastern Rhodopes stretch on the territory of Greece, with the eastern hills from the northern and southern orographic frame, and with those of the VarbishkoKrumovishka Low-Mountain Region, lying between them. Branches of the Gorata Ridge extend eastwards to the Maritsa River - to the north of the Arda River and of the Sarta Ridge - between the Arda River (Ardas) and Luda Reka River (Eritropotamos), into which the Byala Reka River flows near the frontier (to the north of the village Siv Kladenets). More extensive parts of the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik, and especially of Maglenik from the Eastern Rhodopes southern frame, penetrate Greek territory, standing out against the background of the Aegean Lowland. The Maglenishki Massif
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widens substantially in south-southeast direction. Its highest border-lying area is occupied by a watershed divide of over 1000 m, named Kerveros, which separates the Luda Reka River upper stretches in the north-northeast from the large drainage basin of the Tarnava (Filiuri Potamos) River in the south-southwest, which actually drains the whole southern macroslope of Maglenika. The southern parts of this almost meridional watershed divide branch off into the Kelembek (Peperuda) Hill to the southwest and into the Bukate (Bukatedag) Hill to the east whose general orientation is southwest-northeast. The above mentioned hills, together with the Ovcharitsa (Chobandag, Chobantsa) Hill, southwest of Kelembek, separate the numerous small tributaries of the Maritsa River and the Aegean Sea from the Luda Reka River basin, to the north, and the Tarnava River drainage basin to the west. The southern slopes of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik are drained by the left-hand tributaries of the Sushitsa River, to the west of the Eastern Rhodope margin, and by the Aspro Potamos (Aksu) River and some tiny intermittent streams to the east. The morphographic features of the Eastern Rhodopes largely depend on the geologicaltectonic evolution of the massif, which has led to its strong dissection and the complex configuration of the geomorphological units it is composed of.
Geological-tectonic Structure The studies on the tectonic evolution of the Rhodopes have a long history. They started in the 19 th century with research conducted by West-European scholars (A. Boué, A. Viquesnel, A. Pelz, etc.). At the beginning of the 20th century, scholars from the Balkan countries, including Bulgaria, also gave their contribution (J. Cvijič, S. Bonchev, G. Bonchev, etc.). The further progress in the surveys of the geological and tectonic structure of the Rhodope Massif should be attributed to eminent Bulgarian geologists and geographers such as Ek. Bonchev, D. Jaranov, Zh. Galabov, Str. Dimitrov, I. Boyanov, D. Kozhuharov, St. Boyadjiev, etc. A recent achievement, summarizing the results of all previous investigations, related to the geological and tectonic processes on the territory of Bulgaria (the Rhodopes included), is the elaboration and publication of the Geological Map of Bulgaria, Scale 1:100 000 with explanatory notes to each sheet. The Eastern Rhodopes area within Bulgaria’s borders is depicted on seven sheets (BOYANOV et al., 1989, 1990, 1991; KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989a,b, 1991, 1992). All these works throw light on the geological-tectonic evolution of the Eastern Rhodopes and give evidence about their contemporary morphostructure. Generally, two main structural levels are discernible in the geological structure of the Rhodope Massif : lower - crystalline bedrock and upper - overlying sedimentary rocks (GALABOV, 1966). The crystalline bedrock consists of granite and granodioritic batholith with its metamorphic mantle, divided into two metamorphic complexes: highly metamorphic with typical granitization and migmatization and low metamorphic with less distinct crystalline structure and lack of migmatization. The highly metamorphic complex includes different gneisses, amphibolites, micaceous schists, marbles, etc., while the low metamorphic one is represented by micaceous schists, calc-schists, quarts-schists, layered and kataclasic marbles, etc. (GALABOV, 1966).
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Unlike the western high part of the Rhodope Massif, where the lower structural level is basically made up of the so called South-Bulgarian granites, in the Eastern Rhodopes rocks from the metamorphic mantle of the lower level prevail. Alongside, the rocks from the overlying sedimentary rock layers or the upper level in the Rhodopes’s geological structure are wide-spread. These overlying layers are composed of thick sedimentary, volcanogenic sedimentary and magmatic complexes, which fill in the Eastern Rhodope Depression. The Eastern Rhodopes metamorphites are Archaean and Proterozoic, which have initially been assigned to individual structural complexes, subdivided into lithographic suites - 3 in the Archaean and 6 in the Proterozoic structural complex (BOYANOV & KOZHUHAROV, 1971). Later on, they have been integrated into a common series of metamorphic rocks of Pre-Cambrian age, subdivided into numerous suites according to the local rock varieties. The metamorphites build up almost entirely the mountain ridges from the southern, and partly from the northern orographic frame. To the south, these rock complexes can be seen in the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik and its branching ridges of Iran Tepe and Sarta to the north. In Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik, the metamorphic complex is represented by gneisses (predominantly biotite and two-micaceous, poorly migmatized and leptynite), amphibolites, gneissose schists (belonging mainly to the Orlovska, Gornoyurushka and Zhaltichalska suites), occasionally accompanied by metamorphic ultrabasites (metaserpentinites), in the region of Fotinovo-Kapinovo to the west, and basic volcanites (orthoamphibolites) in the region of Chorbadjiysko-Tihomir to the east. The occurrence of marbles in the northeastern margin of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik towards Krumovgrad Depression is more limited (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989a). The same rock complexes compose the southern parts of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (Papikion Mt. in Greece) but they are combined with plutonic rocks - granodiorites with gneissic structure in the highest mountain zone; in south west direction, marbles are developed (graphitic), alternating with paraamphibolites and biotite gneisses (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989b). Eastwards, within the Maglenishki Dyal, the complexes of different metamorphic rocks are wide-spread: fine-to-coarse two-micaceous granitized and granite gneisses of schists, amphibolites, etc. (from the Belopolska Gneissic Suite), coarse porphyroblastic biotite or two-micaceous gneisses, with seams of schists, amphibolites and muskovite leptynites (Tintyavska Suite), alternations of different gneisses with schists, marbles, amphibolites, quartsites, etc. (Vachanska Suite). The summit of this mountain branch is occupied by a consolidated block of leptynites, gneisses, porphyroblastites (from the Orlovska, Gornoyurushka and Panovska suites respectively), which is surrounded by stripes of metamorphic basic volcanites and metaultrabasites in combination with layered amphibolites to the northeast and east (Gnezdarska Suite) and various schists and gneissose schists (Zhaltichalska Mixed Suite). The margin of this block, towards the big meander of Byala River, is flanked by an unbroken belt of spotted or thinly layered two-micaceous and muscovite gneisses (Gorska Suite of leucocratic gneisses) (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1992). To the north within the Iran Tepe and Sarta ridges, alongside the wide-spread Belopolska Gneissose Suite, which makes up the inner part of the arch outlined by these ridges, embracing a block of marbles and calc-schists (to the south of Zhelezino),
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a wide zone of compact metamorphic complex is developed, in the form of wide stripes, in north and northeast direction. It belongs to the so called Chepelarska Mixed Suite, composed of several sub-divisions: Yailadjikski, with prevalence of gneisses, Tumbenski - dominated by schists and gneissose schists and Kamildolski by amphibolites, marbles and calc-schists. These wide stripes are separated from one another by very narrow ones of metamorphic basic volcanites (layered and consolidated orthoamphibolites), which are very well represented in a large region around the village of Pokrovan (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1991). Southwards, on Greek territory, the Maglenishki Dyal is made up of leptynites, biotite gneisses with seams of orthogneisses and orthoamphibolites, paraamphibolites, and graphitic marbles combined with stripy metabasites-ultrabasites in the region of Virsini-Anovirsini. In the peripheral southern parts, there are patches of granodiorites, ophiolite-granites and a strip of metabasites-ultrabasaites near Leptokaria, which continues in east-northeast direction, almost reaching Souf li. To the north and northwest of Souf li up to the frontier, an extensive ophiolite-granite complex is developed, which builds up the Bukatedag Hill. To the north of it, the metamorphic complex, belonging to the Chepelarska Mixed Suite, is best represented in the Kamildolski section of the Arda River in the region of Kiprinos-Petrota (DIMADIS & ZAHOS, 1986). Rock complexes of Pre-Cambrian metamorphic series, consisting predominantly of porphyroblasts and leptynites, make up the Huhlata Hill to the west of Harmanli. Fragments of the same complex are common in the northwestern margin of the Gorata Hill (to the east of the village of Gorski Izvor), where together with the granite gneisses and the highly diverse gneissose schists (Zhaltichalska Mixed Suite), they build up the peripheral northeastern parts of the Chala Hill (south and southeast of the village of Knizhovnik). Schists and metaultrabasites (metaserpentinites) (BOYANOV et al., 1989, 1991) occasionally crop out on the Gorata summit. The metamorphites are the most compact and extensive in Zhalti Dyal, dominated by migmatized biotite and amphibol-biotite gneisses (Bogutevska Plagiogneissis Suite) and biotite gneisses, streamed by various schists (Vachanska Mixed Suite). Only in the southeastern parts of this branch, near General Toshevo-Dobromirtsi, there can be found metamorphic ultrabasites (metaserpentinites) and metamorphic basic volcanites (orthoamphibolites), which reach a block of granitoids, elongated from north to south. In the furthest southwestern part of Zhalti Dyal (to the west of the line Byal Izvor-Starchevo up to the Arda River Valley at Rudozem), the prevalent rocks are poorly granitized or granitized biotite and two-micaceous gneisses and granite gneisses; more seldom amphibolites with seams of amphibolitic gneisses and leptynites can be established in the southernmost zone (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989a,b; BOYANOV et al., 1990). No rock complexes, formed in some of the recent geological epochs until the Palaeogene, are developed in the Rhodope Massif, including its eastern parts. As previously mentioned, Pre-Cambrian rock complexes, mainly of metamorphites, make up almost the entire Zhalti Dyal and Gyumyurdjinsko-Maglenishki Dyal with Iran Tepe-Sarta, being the main structures of the Madansko-Davidkovsko Tectonic Swell, to the west, and of Kesibirsko Tectonic Swell to the east (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995b). Palaeozoic
24
M. YORDANOVA
formations have been established only in the Uzundjovski Hill within the Haskovo Step. Here, alongside metamorphites from the Zhaltichalska Suite, Palaeozoic complexes of leucocratic granites (Alexandrovski) and schistose grauwackes (Klokotnishka Suite) occur fragmentarily, as well as Triassic metamorphic limestones and dolomites (Sremska Suite) and micaceous and micaceous-granat schists (Ustremska Suite) (BOYANOV et al., 1989, 1991). Within the so called Triassic-Jurassic Tectonic Zone, surrounding the Rhodopes (JARANOV, 1960), only in the southeasternmost part of the Eastern Rhodopes, on the territory of Bulgaria and on Greek territory, northwestward of Ferre, UpperJurassic rock formations are available. They are composed mainly of greenschists and serpentinites, peridotites and gabro (JARANOV, 1960). In the region of Makri, northwest of Alexandroupoli (in the Ovcharitsa Hill), sericite schists and phyllites are to be found; close to them greenschists, facies tuff and lava of dacitic composition are developed (DIMADIS & ZAHOS, 1986). All the remaining parts, either from the Eastern Rhodopes interior or periphery, are overlain by younger Palaeogene and Neogene-Quaternary non-metamorphic formations, which are called “superstructure” (GALABOV, 1966). It also differs substantially - in the western high parts of the Rhodope Massif the rhyolites prevail, while in the Eastern Rhodopes the sedimentary, sedimentary-volcanic and igneous rock complexes are wide-spread. The active sedimentation is associated with the significant relief lowering in the eastern part of the Rhodope Massif and with the emergence of the Eastern Rhodope Structural Depression at the end of the Cretaceous Period (JARANOV, 1960, etc.), which was inundated by the sea. Intense three-stage submarine and land volcanic eruptions took place: one occurred at the end of the Eocene (Priabonian) and two others - during the Oligocene. The volcanism was promoted by the massif ’s strong dissection. The volcanic activity was confined to several volcanic regions within the Eastern Rhodopes Depression - Borovishki (BOYANOV et al., 1995), Momchilgradski (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995b) and Madjarovski (GORANOV et al., 1995). The depressions of Bryagovo-Valchepolsko and Belorechko were subjected to terrigenous sedimentation (GORANOV et al., 1995). The most compact and extensive volcanic complexes have been formed in the Borovishka Volcano-Tectonic Depression (BOYANOV et al., 1995) or the BorovishkoDragoynovski Volcanic Region (GALABOV, 1966), stretching from west to east. In the central parts of this depression, rhyolites and trachyrhyolites are wide-spread. The ingimbrites, the fine- and coarse-grained porphyritic latites (of Bezvodenski and Komunigski type respectively), the rhyolite and rhyodacite tuffs, the moderately acid tuffs and the tuffites are of more rare occurrence. Northeastwards, in the Borovishka Depression Margin, whole complexes of fine-grained porphyritic latites and andesites have shaped the Mechkovets Hill, whereas a complex of latites, shoshonites and andesites accentuates the Dragoyna Hill. The two hills are integrated into the distinct Spahievska Andesite Caldera. The same igneous rocks, incorporating trachyrhyodacites and rhyodacites as well as fragmented perlites, continue to the northeast and shape the elevations in the region of Susam-Garvanovo in the westernmost part of Haskovo Step. South of Borovishka Volcanic Depression (southward of the line Komuniga-Bezvodno), latites, shoshonites and andesites are also common. To the south however, in the depression towards the Arda River, a complex of moderately acid tuffs, tuffites and sandstones, organic lime formations of latites and
Geography
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andesites, passing into rhyolitic and rhyodacitic tuffs and tuffites in the Borovitsa lower reaches (BOYANOV et al., 1990), is to be found. To the east of Borovishka Volcano-Tectonic Depression, the lava complexes are replaced by sedimentary rock formations. To the east, towards the Perperek River and around the Trakiets Dam, there appear conglomerates, sandstones, argillaceous siltstone with coal seams, substituted again by a complex of latites, shoshonites and andesites near the village of Beli Plast. They encircle a diagonal strip of acid tuffs, tuffites, siltstones and organic (reef) limestones, striking northwest-southeast. In eastern direction, the coal layers widen towards the villages of Knizhovnik and Miladinovo. Further eastwards, near Slavyanovo and Golyam Izvor, they form fragmentary strips divided by a series of acid tuffs, tuffites and organic limestones, which make up the western part of the Gorata Ridge with its branch Chala Hill. In eastern direction, there appear breccia-conglomerates, cropping out on the Gorata northern slope (along the line Varbovo-Malko Gradishte), replaced to the north again by volcanites, of which the central parts of the Gradishte Hill are composed; its periphery is surrounded by sedimentary rocks of the coal-sandy formation (BOYANOV et al., 1989, 1990). To the south of the Gorata Ridge (along the whole depression between the Perperek River Valley on the west to the frontier on the east), a strip of the so called Valchepolska Molassa stretches, which consists of gravel, conglomerates, sandstones, clays, acis tuffs, coal (BOYANOV et al., 1992). The same rock complex fills in the depression to the southeast of Ivaylovgrad (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1991). Another large volcanic region, similar to the Borovishko-Dragoynovski one, composed of typical igneous rocks, which however shape positive landforms, is the Stramniridska Volcanic-Tectonic Depression (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995b) or the DambalashkoYurpekski Volcanic Region (GALABOV, 1966). This depression, having been subjected to endogenic evolution until the end of the Lower Oligocene (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995b), occupies the area between the river valleys of Varbitsa and Krumovitsa and the adjacent parts of the Zhalti Dyal eastern slopes and the Iran Tepe-Sarta northern slopes. The Starmniridska Volcanic Dome Morphostructure rises between the two rivers, in which two calderas can be discerned - Zvezdelska to the south-southwest and Nanovishka to the north-northeast (VAPTSAROV et al., 1997). The Zvezdelska Caldera consists mainly of basalts, andesite basalts, andesites, latytes, shoshonites and its top part - of gabro-granosienites of the so called Zvezdelska Intrusion (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995b). The whole complex is encircled by moderately acid tuffs and tuffites. The Nanovishka Caldera has a more diverse rock composition, which only in its southwestern part resembles the Zvezdelska Caldera. And yet, in the highest parts, instead of intrusions, there can be seen agglomerates, acid tuffs, trachyrhyodacites and perlites (of Ardenski type). Northeastwards, in the Boynik Planina Hill, complexes of trachyrhyodacites, trachyrhyolites, rhyolites and perlites have been developed; andesites, andesite basalts, latytes and shoshonites overlying its summits. They are all surrounded by acid or moderately acid tuffs, tuffites, tuff breccias and organogenic reef limestones. These complexes can be established to the north of the Arda River, near the Studen Kladenets Dam, and eastwards as well, reaching the Valchepolska Molasse Suite (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989a). They continue to the east of the Krumovitsa River Valley and become more extensive on the western slopes of Iran Tepe Ridge, but here they are represented by tufaceous sandstones, marlstones, breccia-conglomerates, conglomerates, gravelstones, sandstones and fragments of marl-
26
M. YORDANOVA
slate and coal-sandy suite. These rocks surround patches of andesites and andesite basalts in the highest parts of the ridge and mark the transition to metamorphites, common for most of its eastern part and Sarta Ridge. Along the volcanogenic complex margin, on the border-line with the metamorphic rock complex, fragmentary fine-grained leucocratic granites (Chuchuligenski) occur to the east, whereas to the south there is a fragmented continental terrigeneous limestone complex (the Krumovgradska series) and larger patches of marlslone-limestone sediments, which contact the marbles from the metamorphic complexes of the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik northeastern periphery (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1992). Another typical volcanic domed morphostructure is the Madjarovska Erosion Caldera (VAPTSAROV et al., 1997), intersected by the large meanders of the Arda River to the west of Ivaylovgrad Dam. It is made up almost entirely of andesites, andesite basalts, latytes and shoshonites, which to the north come into contact with the Valchepolska Molasse Suite of coal-sandy conglomerate series and to the south – with the metamorphites in the Iran Tepe-Sarta Margin, where a big block of Upper-Cretaceos fine-grained leucocratic granites can be distinguished (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1992). Part of the Stramniridska Volcanic-Domed Morphostructure continues to the west of the Varbitsa River and consists of the same basalt-andesite complex, characteristic of Zvezdelska Caldera. Quite often, it is surrounded by acid and moderately acid tuffs, tuffites, organogenic and reef limestones, which prevail in northern direction near the Arda River. To the south, there are predominantly sandstones from the Djebelska Suite, passing into the so called “Rithmichna”/Rythmic sandy-marlstone Suite (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1995a) in the southernmost parts of the Momchilgradska Depression, which from west to east can be traced along the line Gorski Izvor-Dobromirtsi, to the east of Podkova, and up to Chorbadjiisko and Zavoya in the south. This suite reaches the Pre-Cambrian metamorphic rock complexes of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and of Zhalti Dyal, separating them in the border region southwest of Gorski Izvor, where it is replaced by a leucopyroclastic suite (acid and moderately acid lava and pyroclastics), continuing into Greek territory (KOZHUHAROV et al., 1989b). To the south, rock complexes, generally defined as Tertiary System (MAGGANAS, 1990) or differentiated into Tertiary volcanic rocks and EoceneOligocene sediments (ALFIERIS et al., 1990), are widespread from Komotini on the west to the Maritsa River on the east. They include mainly Oligocene rhyolites, andesites, tuffs and argillaceous sandstones and Eocene flysch (Lasmos and Essimi Formation), which fill in the space between the metamorphic complexes of the Gyumyurdjinsko-Maglenishki Dyal and the complexes of the so called Rhodope Triassic-Jurassic Tectonic Zone, known as Makri Unit (undifferentiated metasedimentary series, metabasic and metaultrabasic rocks). They make up most of the Ovcharitsa and Karakush (Izmaros) hills (DIMADIS & ZAHOS, 1986; MAGGANAS, 1990). It is admitted that this volcanic activity is associated with the main stage of continental collision between the Euro-Asiatic and the African Plate during the Tertiary Period and that the volcanism is primarily calcalcaline with subordinate shoshonitic products (ALFIERIS & KYRIAKOPOULOS, 1990). Young Neogene sediments, chiefly of the Ahmatovska Suite (small fragments of gravel, sands, aleurites, sandy aleurite clays), are widespread in the lowest parts of the Haskovo Hilly Step, and only northwest of Harmanli there is a patch of the Marishka Suite, consisting of clays, sands, coal schists and coal (BOYANOV et al., 1989, 1992, 1995).
Geography
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Quaternary alluvial sediments are accumulated everywhere along the rivers - on the river bed and the flood plain. Better expressed in the relief is the aggradation plain, formed in the northern foothill of the Gorata Ridge. On the territory of Greece, alongside the younger sediments, covering the river shores, river-marine terraces, pebbles and cobbles, alluvial deposits and coastal sands (DIMADIS & ZAHOS, 1986) are very common. The complex geological-tectonic evolution of the Eastern Rhodopes has led not only to the appearance of the main and secondary morphostructures, but also to the formation of various ores and minerals. Of the ore deposits, the poly-metal ones are more important (lead and zinc ores with higher content of silver, gold, etc.), which are to be found near Madjarovo, Spahievo and Zvezdel as well as around Tintyava and Popsko, although they are of limited occurrence. Chrome deposits are to be found within the strip, connecting Dobromirtsi and Golyamo Kamenyane; antimony ores – near Chernichevo and Mareshnitsa; copper ores - in the region of Krumovgrad; gold (placer gold) - downstream the Arda River near Madjarovo. The mineral resources consist mainly of zeolites - Beli Plast; asbestos and talc - in the regions with chrome ores; mica - Nedelino, Kamilski Dol; perlites - the regions of Djebel, Kardjali and Golobradovo; trass and bentonites - the region of Kardjali (DRAGOV, 2002). The rock complexes, which make up the individual geomorphological units, in combination with the morphosculptural processes, play a key role in the formation of the contemporary morphographic features.
Contemporary relief The Eastern Rhodopes are a hilly and low mountainous area in which the altitude decreases from west to east and from south to north. On Greek territory, the sloping is from north to south-southwest-southeast. All the big rivers and their tributaries, which drain the mountain, run in these directions. The relief altitude ranges from 0 m at the Aegean Coast near the Karakush and Chobandag hills up to 1483 m at the Orlitsa Summit in the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (Papikion Mt.). The average above sea altitude of the Eastern Rhodopes is 329 m (GALABOV, 1966), with predominance of the hilly relief (Table 1). By comparing the altitude of the individual hills and ridges, oriented from west to east and from south to north (in Greece - from north to south), one can get an idea of the general sloping, and by measuring the relative relief, the landform contrast is accentuated. The west-east relief lowering is evidenced by data about the heights of the hills and ridges, Table 1 Area and share of the altitudinal zones in the Eastern Rhodopes (after GALABOV, 1966) Total area
Lowland zone (0–200 m)
Hilly zone (200-600 m)
Low mountain zone (600-1000 m)
Moderately high mountain zone (1000-1600 m)
Average a.s.l.
km2
km2
%
km2
%
km2
%
km2
%
m
6005.4
1319.5
22.0
4293.6
71.5
380.7
6.3
11.6
0.2
239
28
M. YORDANOVA
delineating the Eastern Rhodopes major morphographic parts as follows: Haskovo Step: Dragoina - Mechkovets (above 800 m) in the western part and Gradishte (below 400 m) in the eastern part; the northern orographic frame: Chukata (above 800 m) - Gorata (above 700 m); the inner mountain space: Zhalti Dyal (above 1200 m) - Stramni Rid (above 950 m) - Iran Tepe-Sarta (above 800 m) and the southern orographic frame: Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (above 1450 m) - Maglenik (above 1250 m) (Table 2). In eastern direction, all hills and ridges lower with a great amplitude. At the same time, the measurement of the highest peaks and ridges with meridional orientation show that the relief lowering is either from south to north or vice versa, e.g.: in northern direction on Bulgarian territory: Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (1463 m) - Stramni Rid (960 m) - Chukata (800 m) - Haskovski Rid (242 m), or: Maglenik (1267 m) - Iran Tepe (817 m), Sarta (812 m) - Gorata (709 m) - Gradishte (368 m). On Greek territory, north-to-south relief lowering is demonstrated along the profile Maglenik (1267 m) - Kerveros (Silo - 1065 m, Sapka - 1044 m) - Kelembek (874 m) - Chobandag (627 m). Table 2 Mountain ridges and hills and their highest peaks Mountain Hills
Peak
Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (Papikion Mt.) Zhalti Dyal
Orlitsa Veykata Dobri Vrah Alada Kodjaele (Vetren) Orlov Kladenets Shilo (Silo) Shapka (Sapka) Vetrenik Stramni Rid (Yurkeden) Kalitea Klisesart (Tsarkvishte) St. Ilia Kelembek Kavanlaka (Komuniga) Hasantepe Mechkovets Mastatepe (Masta) Iran Tepe (Iranov Vrah) Dragoyna Sarta (Grebena) St. Marina Sheynovets Izmaros Choban border-lying peak Tumbata Hambarlaka Gradishte Huhla Trite Chuki Sheytanski Chuki
Maglenik Kerveros Ustrenski Rid Stramni Rid Bukate dag (Bukate) Cherna Planina Boynik Planina (Yurpek) Kelembek (Peperuda) Chukata Mechkovets Kamenik (Kayadjik) Iran Tepe (Iranov Rid ) Dragoyna Sarta (Grebena) Gorata Karakush (Izmaros) Choban dag (Ovcharitsa) Kamildolski Rid Chala Gradishte Huhlata Uzundjovski Rid Haskovski Rid
Height (m)
On the territory of
1483 1463 1450 1241 1267 1255 1065 1044 1031 960 944 915 879 874 871 800 860 843 817 814 812 709 704 678 627 588 493 451 368 353 263 242
Greece state border state border Bulgaria state border Bulgaria Greece Greece Bulgaria Bulgaria Greece Bulgaria Bulgaria Greece Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Greece Greece state border Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria
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Indicative of the relief contrasts are the data about the relative height, which is biggest for the Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik (1683 m) in relation to the Aegean Lowland, marked by the 75 m isoline north of Komotini (ASTARAS et al., 1989) - over 1600 m at a flying distance of 9 km (178 m/km); second come the relative heights of Maglenic (1267) in relation to the Byala Reka River Valley east of Boturche (above 100 m) - at a distance of 12 km (97 m/km) and of Stramni Rid in relation to the Varbitsa River Valley near Ptichar (above 150 m) - at a distance of 9 km (89 m/km). The relative amplitude reaches its record high level (220 m/km) in the Arda Gorge near the Studen Kladenets Dam (St. Iliya Summit - 879 m in the Boynik Hill is only 3.5 km away from the dam). The relief contrast further lessens in the northern and eastern periphery of the massif. The depth of the drainage network incision or the so called vertical dissection, which largely ranges between 100 and 200 m/km2 (GALABOV, 1982a), also indicates the relief contrast. The values are compatible with those in other mountain regions of the country, such as Sakar-Strandja, Sredna Gora, the Eastern Stara Planina and the Pre-Balkan. Directly connected with the depth of incision are the average slope angles, which vary from 7o to 10o in the depressions, from 15o to 20o on the mountain slopes, and exceed 25o in the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik (YORDANOVA & DONCHEV, eds, 1997). A distinctive feature of the Eastern Rhodopes relief is its horizontal dissection, known as density of drainage network, which varies between 1.5-2.0 and 2.5-3.0 km/km2, although there are zones where the values are higher than 3 km/km2. Due mainly to the river erosion, the degree of drainage network density is associated, on the one hand, with the amount and regime of precipitation and, on the other, with the nature of the underlying surface (rock structure, forests, etc.). In this respect, the high values for the Eastern Rhodopes prove that there are conditions, favouring the accelerated erosion, especially in the area south of the Arda River (GALABOV, 1982a). The greater looseness of the igneous-sedimentary rocks in the tectonic depressions determines the emergence of wide river valleys, separating the intramountain hills and ridges. The latter, by contrast, are composed of more resistant igneous and metamorphic rock complexes and have consolidated corpses. Although not high, owing to the considerable relative amplitude with regard to the deeply incised valleys and basins, they make the Eastern Rhodopes look like a typical mountain. At the same time, the different rock resistance results in the appearance of unique rock forms (mushrooms, pyramids, etc.). They, in combination with the heavy rainfalls, which this region experiences quite often, are responsible for the mud f low on the steep and treeless slopes, particularly in Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Zhalti Dyal. The so called planation stages with active erosion and denudation processes and sculpturing of levelled surfaces and river terraces, which create step-like low-mountain relief, have strongly influenced the Eastern Rhodopes contemporary relief features. All denudation surfaces, established in Bulgaria, are available here, starting with the oldest Mesozoic one and ending with the youngest Plio-Pleistocene foothills (ALEXIEV et al., 2002). The initial plane, which is well developed in the western high-rising part of the massif, decreases in height towards the eastern periphery of the Rhodope Meso-Domed Structure in a flexure-like manner from 1000-1200 m on the Zhalti Dyal ridges down to 300 m in the proximity of Kardjali. It precedes the formation of the Eocene-Oligocene volcanic superstructure and is occasionally fossilized (VAPTSAROV, 1997). The same
30
M. YORDANOVA
plane is comparatively well preserved on the ridges from the southern orographic margin, where it cuts into the crystalline rocks. In Maglenika and Sarta it occupies a large area at altitudes of 1200-800 m, and on the Sarta ridges it lowers towards the Eastern Thracian Depression (ALEXIEV et al., 2002) or towards the Lower Thracian Structural Depression (GALABOV, 1966). To the south, it is step-like faulted on the southern slope of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik-Maglenik and in the Aegean Lowland, and descends below the Aegean Sea level (GALABOV, 1966). The denudation surfaces, formed during the later planation stages, have produced slope steps in the higher mountain branches or flat ridges in the lower hills. A typical example is the Sarta Ridge, considered to be a foothill step of Maglenika. On its summit, at 550-650 m lies a big denudation surface, known as Sartska and lowering eastwards to 430-500 m. The same surface can be traced along the Maglenika higher parts as well as on the Tokachki Rid, south of the village of Tokachka. It is well discernible along the western margin, too, where it cuts into the crystalline rocks of the Zhalti Dyal at 700-800 m. In the Varbishko-Krumovishka Low-Mountain Region this surface is poorly preserved and is developed upon the andesites of the Dambalashko-Yurpekski Volcanic Region and other lava materials, resistant to denudation at 600-700 m (GALABOV, 1966). Northwards, in the Chukata and Gorata ridges, it is fragmentarily represented in the form of rounded peaks, 520-550 m high. The younger Plio-Pleistocene foothill or river levels are more widely spread. Their relative height above the current river bed is 150-200 and 100-110 m respectively. The higher level, called Belorechko, can be established along the valley slopes of the rivers, incised in Zhalti Dyal at 500-600 m of absolute height, on the Stramni Rid western slope at 500 m, and further southwards it shapes a watershed col between the Varbitsa catchment area, to the west, and the Krumovitsa one, to the east, at 500-550 m. To the east, in the Iran Tepe-Sarta, it goes down to 420-440 m and even to 260-320 m in the Byala Reka River lower reaches (GALABOV, 1966). This river level is well developed along the Arda mid-course gorge, where it also lowers in west-east direction from 380-450 m at Kardjali to 240-280 m at Kamildolski Rid. It is visible along the Varbitsa River (Vishegradski Gorge) and the Krumovitsa River. Almost everywhere this level corresponds to the lower river level, which along the Arda River is at 155 m, and along the Varbitsa - at 140 m relative height (VAPTSAROV, 1997). In the Haskovo Hilly Step the relief modelling has been influenced by the Thracian Pliocene Lake, extending up to the northern mountain margin. A polyfacies surface has originated with accumulation, abrasion and erosion facies, overlying each other at 60 m and generally lowering to the east from 290-360 m at the Dragoyna Hill down to 200-260 m towards the Gradishte Hill (GALABOV, 1966). The present-day relief features have been completed by the terrace complex in the river valleys, represented by six above-flood terraces with relative heights over the current river bed of 9-10, 18-20, 29-34, 40-45, 55-63 and 70-75 m and two flood terraces - lower, 2-3 m high, and higher, 4-5 m high, whose evolution continues. The markedly differentiated in terms of hypsometry and morphography relief of the Eastern Rhodopes, with the extremely complex configuration of its morphographic units, as well as the diverse geological structure, seem to be very important factors for the hydroclimatic conditions and for soil and plant cover on meso- and micro-scale.
Geography
31
Climate The Eastern Rhodopes are notable for their Mediterranean features, traceable in many climatic elements. As a whole, they belong to the Continental-Mediterranean Climatic Zone in Bulgaria and are set apart as an independent region (VELEV, 1997a). The specific climatic characteristics result from the southern location of the mountain and from the prevalence of the hilly and low-mountain relief. The average values of the total solar radiation, predetermined mainly by the geographical latitude, range from 5500-6000 MJ/m2/y (LINGOVA, 1981) and are one of the highest in the country. The radiation balance, which besides on the latitude depends on the above sea level altitude, varies between 2000 and 2300 MJ/m2/y, hence in the Eastern Rhodopes it is equal to that in the lowlands and plains in South Bulgaria. Higher values are recorded only in the lowest reaches of the Struma River Valley (south of the Kresnenski Gorge) and of the Maritsa Valley (east of Parvomay) on Bulgarian territory and in a narrow strip of the southern Black Sea Coast (VELEV & YORDANOVA, 1993). For understandable reasons, these values are a little bit higher on Greek territory- the total radiation is about 6500 MJ/m2/y and the radiation balance - 2500 MJ/m2/y, but with the height going up, they drop everywhere. The high values of the radiation balance in the Eastern Rhodopes predetermine high average annual temperatures of the air, varying from 12.2oC at Djebel up to 12.8oC at Ivaylovgrad (Table 3) and of the top soil layer - 13.5-15.0oC (Table 4). On the southern sunny sides of the Eastern Rhodopes branches, which penetrate Greece, these air temperatures can reach 14.5-15.0oC and the soil ones - 15.5-17.0oC. It has to be taken into consideration that the meteorological and gauging station in Thessaloniki, which is located further southwards, registers an average annual air temperature of 15.8oC (SHAROVA, ed., 1970). The specific characteristics of the radiation balance and the related temperature conditions in the Eastern Rhodopes affect the temperature regime and especially the winter air temperatures. The average January temperatures are above zero at altitudes up to 600 m. With soils, any probability of temperature drops below the freezing point, down to the depth of 10-20 cm, is practically excluded (VELEV & YORDANOVA, 1988). Except for the Struma River Valley, south of Kresnenski Gorge, and the Southern Black Sea Coast, the Eastern Rhodopes have the warmest winter in the country - warmer than that of the adjacent Haskovo Hilly Step and the Maritsa River Valley, where at lower altitudes the January temperatures are lesser (Table 3), due mainly to temperature inversions in the Upper Thracian Lowland (see the stations of Dimitrovgrad, Harmanli, Haskovo and even Svilengrad and compare them with those in Ivaylovgrad and Krumovgrad). By contrast, the summer temperatures are similar to the temperatures in the remaining parts of the country - the average July temperature for the lowest zones (up to 300 m altitude) is 23-24oC, and between 300 and 600 m, it is about 20oC. In the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes, the average January air temperature is 4.5-5.0oC and the average July temperature - 25-26oC in the lowest southern parts – for Thessaloniki station the average January temperature is 5.3oC and the average July temperature goes up to 26.5oC (SHAROVA, ed., 1970). Air temperature data from stations at higher altitudes in the Western Rhodopes have been used (Table 3) because such stations in the Eastern Rhodopes are unavailable. They make it possible to establish the relationships between the temperature and the above sea altitude and to calculate the average temperature gradient of its decrease - 0.56oC for the
32
M. YORDANOVA
Table 3 Average monthly and annual extreme maximum and minimum air temperature (oC) Altitude I (m)
Station
Dimitrovgrad Haskovo Harmanli Svilengrad Ivaylovgrad Krumovgrad Kardjali Djebel Zlatograd Srednogortsi Raikovo Smolyan Persenk Hut
95 191 85 54 316 214 231 326 430 644 866 1180 1750
0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.3 -1.3 -1.5 -4.2
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII IХ
Х
ХI
ХII
Year Ampli- Extr. Extr. tude max. min.
2.8 2.6 3.0 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.3 1.5 0.1 -0.4 -3.1
6.4 6.2 6.5 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.2 5.8 4.8 3.6 2.8 1.9 -1.5
12.0 12.3 12.4 12.8 12.1 12.2 12.0 11.5 9.6 8.7 8.0 7.3 3.1
17.4 17.2 17.2 17.8 16.9 17.0 16.8 16.3 14.5 13.2 12.4 11.8 7.9
21.2 21.0 21.1 21.7 20.5 20.8 20.5 19.9 18.1 16.7 15.6 15.2 11.0
23.8 23.6 23.8 24.5 23.5 23.7 23.4 23.0 20.6 18.9 17.9 17.7 13.2
23.0 23.4 23.7 24.1 23.5 23.4 23.1 22.6 20.5 18.8 17.5 17.4 13.4
13.2 13.4 13.5 13.9 13.9 13.4 13.2 12.9 11.4 10.2 9.2 9.0 6.1
8.1 8.1 8.3 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.7 6.4 5.2 5.2 2.8
2.8 3.0 3.1 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.4 2.2 0.9 0.8 -1.7
12.6 12.5 12.7 13.3 12.8 12.8 12.5 12.2 10.8 9.6 8.5 8.1 4.7
19.3 19.1 19.5 19.7 19.2 19.1 18.7 18.5 16.3 15.0 13.5 13.2 9.9
23.7 23.4 23.5 23.4 22.1 22.4 22.6 22.2 19.8 19.2 19.2 19.2 17.4
41.5 41.8 42.0 42.2 40.5 42.6 42.1 41.6 39.1 39.4 35.5 35.0 31.3
-28.3 -25.5 -26.9 -23.2 -19.5 -26.4 -26.5 -29.2 -25.3 -25.2 -30.0 -20.5 -24.7
(Data source: KYUCHUKOVA, ed., 1983)
Table 4 Average monthly and annual extreme maximum and minimum soil temperature (оС) Depth
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IХ
Х
ХI
ХII
Year
cm
Extreme Extreme max.
min.
HASKOVO 2 5 10 20
1.8 2.0 2.2 3.5
3.6 3.6 3.7 4.3
7.2 6.9 6.8 7.3
13.7 13.5 13.0 12.6
19.5 19.0 18.6 18.5
23.9 23.4 22.7 22.3
26.7 26.3 25.9 25.7 25.3 25.3 24.9 25.0
21.4 21.1 21.0 21.2
14.2 14.3 14.5 14.8
8.5 4.0 9.1 4.1 9.3 4.4 10.2 5.1
14.2 14.1 13.9 14.1
48.2 46.0 43.0 38.0
-10.0 - 7.8 - 8.6 - 1.8
23.7 23.4 23.3 22.3
15.5 15.8 16.4 16.5
9.3 5.1 9.8 5.1 10.3 5.7 10.7 5.9
15.4 15.3 15.2 15.0
49.0 42.0 41.0 39.0
- 6.4 - 3.5 - 2.8 - 1.0
23.0 22.8 22.6 22.4
14.7 15.0 15.2 15.4
8.9 4.0 9.3 4.3 9.8 4.9 10.1 5.2
15.1 15.0 14.9 14.7
58.6 49.0 43.8 39.2
- 8.4 - 7.4 - 6.9 - 2.5
20.8 21.1 21.5 21.3
13.8 14.2 15.0 15.0
8.8 4.1 9.1 4.5 10.0 5.3 10.2 5.6
13.6 13.6 13.9 13.7
51.2 44.8 40.0 36.2
- 6.2 - 6.6 - 2.6 - 4.8
16.4 16.1 16.1 15.8
9.6 9.8 10.4 11.3
4.7 5.0 5.4 5.8
10.5 10.5 10.4 10.3
41.0 37.7 32.3 27.6
- 7.8 - 7.8 - 4.9 - 4.5
HARMANLI 2 5 10 20
2.7 2.8 3.3 3.9
4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3
8.0 8.1 7.8 7.9
14.9 14.6 14.1 13.7
20.2 19.8 19.0 18.6
24.5 23.9 23.2 22.6
28.5 27.5 26.6 25.9
28.5 28.3 28.0 27.2
KARDJALI 2 5 10 20
1.9 2.1 2.6 2.8
4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4
7.7 7.7 7.6 7.4
14.5 14.2 13.9 13.4
20.3 20.0 19.4 18.8
24.7 24.4 23.7 23.0
28.4 27.7 26.9 26.1
29.1 28.5 28.1 27.1
DJEBEL 2 5 10 20
2.0 2.2 2.6 3.2
3.6 3.7 4.1 4.1
6.4 6.4 6.6 6.6
12.2 12.2 12.2 11.9
17.5 17.1 17.0 16.5
21.4 21.3 21.2 20.9
25.2 24.9 24.8 24.0
26.8 26.3 26.1 25.3
SMOLYAN 2 5 10 20
-0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.3
-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4
2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6
9.4 9.2 8.7 8.3
14.2 17.5 14.1 17.3 14.1 16.7 13.7 16.2
(Data source: KYUCHUKOVA, ed., 1983)
20.8 21.2 20.1 20.6 19.5 20.2 18.6 19.3
0.6 0.7 1.5 1.7
Geography
33
average annual temperature, 0.7oC for the average July temperature and 0.3oC for the average January temperature per every 100 m in height. The characteristics of temperature conditions include analysis of the absolute maximum and minimum temperatures and of their long-term averaged values. While the maximum average monthly air temperature in all stations occurs in July (Table 3), the extreme maxima and the average extreme monthly maxima in almost all stations are observed in August. Their values vary as follows: 40-42oC for the extreme maxima (Krumovgrad station - 42.6oC) and 35-36oC for the average extreme monthly maxima (Harmanli - 36.7oC and Svilengrad - 37.4oC). They give an idea about the temperature conditions in the Eastern Rhodopes lowest peripheral branches close to the Maritsa Valley Depression. In Greece, both the extreme maxima and the average extreme maxima exceed these values and vary about 43-45oC and 37-39oC respectively. The extreme minima and the average extreme monthly minima, with few exceptions, occur in January, like the mean monthly minimum temperatures (Table 3), but the stations in the Maritsa Valley lowest parts register smaller values due to inversions. The highest extreme minima and their average values are observed in Ivaylovgrad - above – 20oC for the extreme minima and – 10oC for the average extreme minima in January (Table 3). On Greek territory, these temperatures probably vary from -15 to –18oC and from -5 to –8oC respectively. The minimum temperatures below zero affect the duration of the frost-free period, which for the Eastern Rhodopes is longer than 190 days up to 600 m approximately. Ivaylovgrad is again outstanding with respect to this indicator (228 days). In Greece it might last about 250 days. The duration of white frost-free period is similar. On the average, the Eastern Rhodopes have white frost only 2-5 days a year, while in Greece this phenomenon may not occur every year. Soil freezing is non-durable and the frost-free period is one or two months longer, thus being 260-290 days. Compared with air temperatures, the soil ones are higher: e. g. the differences between the average monthly and annual temperatures are 2-3oC and increase significantly with the extreme values - up to 10-15oC for the extreme maxima and up to 15-20oC for the extreme minima (Table 3, 4). Considering the duration of periods with temperatures steadily remaining above 0o, 5o, o 10 and 15oC and their sum total temperatures, in the Eastern Rhodopes they reach one of the peak values and equal those in the plains, the hilly regions and the southern Black Sea Coast (only Sandanski and Petrich make an exception). For example, during the period with temperatures above 0oC, which here lasts for 365 days up to 600 m height, the sum total temperatures are 4000-4800oC, for the period with temperatures above 5oC (250-280 days) 3500-4500oC and for the active growing period with temperatures above 10oC (180-220 days) - 3000-4000oC. For the southernmost branches on Greek territory, these values are at least by 10-15% higher; for the station in Thessaloniki the sum total temperatures during the period with temperatures above 0oC (365 days) are 5800oC approximately. In connection with the global climate changes, the recent temperature variations in the Eastern Rhodopes are of great interest. This is one of the few regions in Bulgaria in which the temperature has not changed or has slightly decreased in the recent decades, unlike the well-expressed nation-wide tendency towards a temperature increase. The annual temperature drop by 0.5oC should be attributed to the more marked temperature decrease in the summer and autumn months The temperatures in winter and spring either remain unchanged or tend to slightly increase (a conclusion based on the latest data for Haskovo case study area) (VELEV, 2002).
34
M. YORDANOVA
The other climatic elements in the Eastern Rhodopes also have characteristics of their own. In general, the characteristics of the atmospheric pressure and winds do not deviate from those, observed throughout the country. And yet, especially in the cold half of the year, they have certain specificity owing to the different temperature conditions and atmospheric circulation. In the Eastern Rhodopes region, the atmospheric pressure in winter conditions is lower, as compared to other mountain areas, because of the mild winter (a reverse dependence between atmospheric pressure and air temperature), and the western and northwestern winds, prevailing in the country, rank second in turn by frequency of occurrence after the northern, northeastern and eastern winds (typical of the whole eastern part of the country - to the east of the line Silistra-Shumen-Karnobat-Stara ZagoraChirpan-Smolyan, except for the Eastern Stara Planina). Southern and southwestern winds blow here in winter and spring and quite often are strong (velocity of over 14 m/s) because of the foehn effect caused by the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik (60-80% of the strong winds) (VELEV, 1997b, 1990). Unlike the remaining mountain regions, the Eastern Rhodopes have another characteristic feature and this is the frequent occurrence of calm weather - 25-45 observations in the easternmost parts of the Eastern Rhodopes and more than 45 observations monthly (out of 90 or 93 totally) in their western part as well as in the whole Western Rhodopes (VELEV, 1997b). Of the local winds there should be mentioned the foehns, which are associated with the warm sectors of the Mediterranean cyclones, passing mainly during the cold half-year period, and the mountain -valley winds, caused by the prevailing low gradient pressure field and anticyclones, which are common particularly in summer, when there are no dynamic reasons to generate wind (VELEV, 1997b). These winds emerge as a rhythmical change of the directions in which the air moves - from the valleys and basins towards the mountain slopes during the day and vice versa during the night. The characteristics of the climatic elements “air humidity” and “cloudiness” are also similar to those in most parts of the country, although there are some peculiarities, connected again with the higher temperatures especially in winter. For example, while the extreme minima of the water vapour elasticity (known as absolute humidity), observed in January like the average monthly minimum air temperature, are below 1 hPa almost throughout the country, in the Eastern Rhodopes they are greater than 1 hPa (Ivaylovgrad - 1.2 hPa) and equal the values in the Struma River Valley to the south of the Kresnenski Gorge (Sandanski - 1.3 hPa) and partly those on the southern Black Sea Coast (Tsarevo - 1.6 hPa). The same holds for the average monthly minimum values of absolute humidity in January - 6 hPa (6.5 hPa on the southern Black Sea Coast), as well as for the average monthly maximum values in July - 17-18 hPa, which are registered actually in most non-mountainous areas of the country (the Danube Riverside and the Black Sea Coast make an exception, where they are 18-20 hPa). The relative air humidity has values, resembling the average ones on a nation-wide scale - 80-85% in the winter months, 60-65% in the summer months; the average annual values vary between 70-75% (KYUCHUKOVA, ed., 1979). Regarding the total cloudiness, the Eastern Rhodopes have reached a record-low level, measured in tenths: Ivaylovgrad - 4.6, Djebel - 5.1 (for comparison: Sozopol - 5.0 and Petrich - 5.2) and vice versa - a record-high number of clear days - 114 for Ivaylovgrad (followed only by Svishtov - 100 days and Sozopol - 97 days) (KYUCHUKOVA, ed., 1979).
Geography
35
The climatic conditions in the Eastern Rhodopes are very specific with respect to the quantity and regime of precipitation. Considering its relatively low altitude, this is one of the regions with the greatest precipitation amounts in the country. Because of the orographic effect, not only the winter-dominant Mediterranean cyclones, but also the Atlantic cyclones in spring and summer produce greater amounts of precipitation on the northern slopes and foothills than in the other parts. However, the increase of rainfalls with height is insignificant. A typical example are the stations in the northern foothill of Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik and the border Ardinski Dyal, connected with it to the west, where the annual precipitation exceeds 1000 mm at different altitudes (Table 5). In the remaining regions of the Eastern Rhodopes, the precipitation drops down to 600 mm northwards. In spite of the fact that the northern slopes and foothills become lower, they receive more precipitation. Data comparison between the annual precipitation of the two stations in the village of Oreshets (786 mm) and the village of Dolni Glavanak (663 mm), located respectively at almost the same altitudes in the northern and southern foothill of the Gorata Ridge, most clearly indicates the orographic effect on precipitation. The difference between the total precipitation of the two stations is more than 100 mm, although they are just 12 km away from each other (VELEV, 1990). As a whole, the precipitation falling in the Eastern Rhodopes, is by 50-100 mm higher than that in the Western Rhodopes at one and the same altitude (YORDANOVA, 2002a). This is due primarily to the stronger impact of the Mediterranean cyclones on the territorial distribution of the precipitation in eastern direction, which increases their share in the annual total precipitation by 50% in the Western Rhodopes and by over 65% in the Eastern Rhodopes (FILIPOV, 1992). In addition, the orographic effect on precipitation is better expressed as a result of the pronounced relief contrasts. These conditions favour the frequent occurrence of heavy (over 20-25 mm in a 24-hour period) and pouring (over 0.18 mm/min or 30 l/s/ha) rains. The stations in the northern foothills of the high branches near the border have recorded the highest values in the country. The amounts of 234 mm, recorded within 24 hours in Zlatograd on October 3, 1970 and 226 mm and 210 mm in Chakalarovo and Kirkovo on February 18, 1968 rank second only after the record-setting quantities for Varna District - 342 mm (in the resort of St. Konstantin and Elena) and 258 mm (in the city itself) on August 20, 1951. In the Eastern Rhodopes, most frequent pouring rains with intensity, surpassing the accepted limit, irrespective of their duration (e.g. above 30 l/s), are recorded in Zlatograd station - 116 cases a year (Srednogortsi - 116, Smolyan - 132); the highest frequency of such rainfalls has been recorded only by the Valevtsi station -158 events of pouring rains (KYUCHUKOVA et al., eds, 1986) at the northern foothills of Kaloferska Mountain in the Central Stara Planina - another region in the country, which receives a lot of orographic precipitation. The annual rainfall distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes reflects the ContinentalMediterranean Climate with its typical main autumn-winter maximum, attributed to the Mediterranean cyclones, and the more vaguely expressed secondary spring-summer maximum, caused by the Atlantic cyclones. The main, markedly expressed minimum is in summer and the secondary, less distinct one - in winter and early spring. The monthly maximum almost everywhere is in December and rarely in January (Chakalarovo, Chepintsi), while the monthly minimum is in August-September (for Chakalarovo - in July-August). The Mediterranean features in the precipitation regime become more obvious
36
M. YORDANOVA
in southern direction, which is indicated by the increasing values of index K, defining the autumn-winter/spring-summer ratio (Table 5), and which reach their record peaks in Chakalarovo with total precipitation in the cold months (September-February), nearly twice as much as that in the warm half-year period (March-August). This is due to the heavy orographic rainfalls in autumn and winter and to the extraordinarily scarce amounts in summer, when persistent droughts are a common phenomenon (the dry periods last 18-20 days on the average and sometimes over a month). Even in Greece, in spite of the significant rainfall decrease (500 mm in Alexandroupolis; 450 mm in Thessaloniki), the ratio between autumn-winter/spring-summer rainfalls is not so marked (1.30 in Thessaloniki) namely because there is no orography-related increase of winter precipitation. Irrespective of the winter precipitation maximum, the warm winter in the Eastern Rhodopes prevents from retaining a permanent snow cover. On the one hand, the snowfalls contribute insignificantly (5-10%) to the annual total precipitation (in spite of the altitude); their share rising up to 15% in northwestern direction, because the temperate-continental climatic features are enhanced (YORDANOVA, 1979). On the other hand, the snow cover cannot be preserved for long as a result of the high temperatures, rainfalls or foehn winds. It has been established that in 60% of the cases the snow cover is retained for just one day and one night and in 80% it remains up to 5 days and nights (PENCHEV, 1966). The yearly number of days with snow cover (less than 30 intermittent days) in the Eastern Rhodopes is equal to that in the plains and lowlands of South Bulgaria, together with the SakarStrandja Low-Mountain Region (VELEV, 1990). The earliest period in which a snow cover can be accumulated, is the first ten days in December, while the last period of its retention is the first ten days in March (for the low-lying areas) and in the second ten days of this month (for the higher regions). Although the snow cover thickness is seldom greater than 10 cm, if Table 5 Average monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation totals (mm) Station
Altitude (m)
Dimitrovgrad Haskovo Harmanli Svilengrad
95 191 85 54 Ivaylovgrad 316 Krumovgrad 214 Kardjali 231 Momchilgrad 300 Chakalarovo 410 Byal Izvor 550 Ardino 600 Zlatograd 430 Srednogortsi 644 Chepintsi 810 Raikovo 860 Ustovo 800 Smolyan 1180 Arda 1000 Persenk Hut 1750
I
II
III
IV V
VI
54 63 52 63 80 87 68 80 186 86 92 121 87 131 89 84 144 162 63
40 47 37 46 60 67 53 58 137 68 70 101 66 106 70 70 104 115 50
37 53 68 64 50 57 67 69 36 49 56 62 38 49 57 58 60 56 62 61 64 60 66 64 50 54 70 69 53 54 66 63 81 78 94 83 64 60 96 78 64 66 84 88 82 76 93 86 58 62 96 90 83 68 92 86 59 62 87 98 61 65 102 102 81 69 104 115 86 77 103 120 54 65 130 111
VII VIII IХ Х
ХI
ХII
Win Spr Sum Aut Year К Aut-Win Spr-Sum
45 40 39 36 34 37 39 36 38 72 59 57 70 66 83 88 70 83 81
52 67 64 63 78 84 78 79 134 93 92 124 88 111 88 94 122 137 71
57 75 65 69 90 101 82 91 176 105 109 137 91 126 100 95 149 179 63
150 186 154 178 230 251 202 229 499 259 271 359 243 363 259 249 397 456 176
39 37 29 26 23 24 30 26 23 46 43 37 54 41 53 53 44 42 58
36 34 35 34 38 38 32 34 45 48 42 47 54 52 50 55 57 59 54
(Data source: KOLEVA & PENEVA, eds, 1990, with supplements)
62 61 53 56 69 73 62 64 113 75 75 98 78 91 71 68 76 87 68
158 174 140 145 178 190 175 174 253 220 214 250 216 243 208 228 254 266 249
148 146 130 120 118 125 138 125 144 196 191 180 215 193 235 243 229 245 250
150 162 152 153 185 195 172 177 292 216 210 268 220 254 209 217 255 283 193
606 668 576 696 711 761 687 705 1188 891 887 1058 894 1053 911 937 1135 1250 868
0.98 1.09 1.13 1.25 1.40 1.42 1.19 1.36 1.99 1.14 1.19 1.46 1.07 1.42 1.06 0.99 1.35 1.45 0.74
Geography
37
it snows heavily, it can reach 30-40 cm. The moist snowfalls, which are characteristic of the Eastern Rhodopes, can also form a thick but not durable snow cover. Like elsewhere in the country, the present-day precipitation variations in the Eastern Rhodopes show a tendency towards drought for the last 15 or 20 years, in comparison with the average precipitation amounts for a past period of several decades, set up as a norm. The annual precipitation drop by 20% below the norm should be entirely attributed to the diminished autumn rainfalls, mainly because the number of Mediterranean cyclones in October and at the beginning of November abruptly decreases (VEKILSKA & RACHEV, 2000). The climate of the Eastern Rhodopes, generally defined as Continental-Mediterranean both for the Bulgarian and Greek part (VELEV, 1990), is further categorized by some researchers on the basis of different indices, referring mainly to moisture. For instance, by employing the Thornthwaite’s moisture index (TOPLIYSKI & POPOV, 1995), the climate of the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is regarded as humid with transitions from super-humid in the border area to sub-humid northwards towards the Upper Thracian Lowland. Such transitions seem to be characteristic of the mountain massif beyond Bulgaria’s borders in eastern and southern direction towards the Lower Thracian and the Aegean Lowland in Greece. Considering this index, the duration of the period with moisture deficit increases from about 5 months (May-September) for most of the massif’s central regions to about 7 months (April-October) near the adjacent lowlands, including the Greek territory (data source - Thessaloniki station). By using the so called Lang precipitation factor, the climate in the hilly regions is defined as semi-arid, while in the central mountain border branches - as semi-humid. According to the Ivanov’s monthly moisture coefficients, the hilly regions high up to 600 m have “dry-to-humid climate” (i.e. a dry period alternating with a longer rainy period) and the zones at higher altitudes (over 600 m) have “changeable humid climate” (characterized by not very intense moisture but by lack of a dry period). Proceeding from the aforesaid categorizations, it can be concluded that the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes does not exhibit arid climatic features, which by contrast are more pronounced on Greek territory, where typical characteristics of the Sub-Tropical Mediterranean Climate or the olive climate (a definition, given by De Martonne for the northernmost sub-tropical parts) can be observed.
Water The Eastern Rhodopes belong to the Aegean catchment area. They are drained almost entirely (except for their southern slopes) by the Maritsa River System with longer or shorter direct tributaries some of which are: Banska, Harmanliyska and Biserska rivers, running down the Haskovsko Hilly Step and flowing into Maritsa River in the sector between Dimitrovgrad and Lyubimets; the Arda River with its big right-hand tributaries Varbitsa and Kroumovitsa, the larger left-hand tributaries Borovitsa and Perperek and several smaller ones, running across the mountain interior and the mountain eastern margin on Greek territory, which empty themselves in Maritsa near Odrin; the Luda Reka River and its big left-hand affluent Byala Reka River, which develop an extensive network of tributaries in the eastern mountain branches both in Bulgaria and Greece - the major river flows into Maritsa River near Dimotika (Dimotihon); numerous tiny streams
38
M. YORDANOVA
in the mountain periphery which join the Maritsa River at different sections of its course until it reaches the Aegean Sea at the town of Enos. The southern slopes of the borderlying ridges Gyumiyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik and its southern branches (the Kerveros Ridge and the hills of Kelembek and Ovcharitsa) are drained directly into the Aegean Sea through the big river system of Tarnava (Filiuri Potamos), flowing into it, southwest of Xilagani (Kushlanli), and through the smaller rivers Aksu (Aspro Potamos) and Sushitsa, further westward, which empty into the Bistonsko Lake. The stream discharge of the Eastern Rhodopes depends on the ContinentalMediterranean Climate, characteristic of this region. The rivers have a number of specific features related both to their water volume and to its annual distribution. Naturally, the type of surface in the drainage basins is very important; the relief forms and the geological structure play a key role, while the soil and plant cover are of secondary importance. These morphological factors of the river basin, considered to be a closed geosystem, influence the transformation of precipitation water (the basic incoming component in the system) into runoff (the basic outgoing component). The complex interactions between various factors and their impacts on the river basins have lent their mark on the hydrological characteristics in different parts of the Eastern Rhodopes. In comparison with the other mountain areas of the country, the Eastern Rhodopes as a whole are notable for their greatest amounts of water. They occupy only 4% of the country’s area but produce about 12% of the water resources (YORDANOVA, 2002b). Their average specific discharge (over 13 l/s/km2) is compatible only with that of Rila and Pirin mountains (below 13 l/s/km2), in spite of the great difference in their above sea altitudes. The exceptionally high water quantities of this hilly and low-mountain region should be associated with the impressive total precipitation (720 mm on the average) and with their great runoff coefficient - 58% of the annual precipitation are transformed into stream discharge. It is the high coefficient of rainfall drainage that predetermines the apparent differences in comparison with all the remaining mountain regions, including Rila and Pirin, where irrespective of the substantial total precipitation (790 mm on the average), owing to their high altitude, the runoff constitutes 51% of the precipitation. The rain water draining, with insignificant losses due to evaporation and infiltration, is favoured in the Eastern Rhodopes by the fact that most of the precipitation falls during the cold half-year period, when the temperatures are low and when there is excess of moisture in the land surface. Besides, most of the rainfalls drain unimpeded and are almost entirely transformed into stream discharge, as there the slope angles are big, the soils are shallow and the forests are deciduous leaf-shedding. That is why the pouring rains, which are quite often frontal because of the active cyclones, and the rapid snow melt in the condition of foehn winds, cause large floods resulting in devastating inundation (sometimes there is even loss of life). Most floods are recorded in the Varbitsa River, whose discharge is produced by the largest amount of precipitation in the Eastern Rhodopes, falling on the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik northern slopes and foothills. In this respect, it resembles the Rositsa River, which also forms its discharge by the rainfalls on the Central Stara Planina northern slope. Both are defined as the rivers with the highest average frequency of floods - 8-9 per year (ZYAPKOV, 1997). In addition, the Varbitsa extreme maximum discharge, estimated at 2620 m3/s (recorded on 9.1.1955), is compatible with the Maritsa River extreme maximum - 2800 m3/s (10.12.1940) (STOYANOV, ed., 1984).
Geography
39
The favourable conditions for faster precipitation draining predetermine the stream discharge genetic structure - the Eastern Rhodopes are remarkable for their greatest contribution to the total discharge changeable component, which relies on overland water (67%), followed by Strandja-Sakar (65%) and Sredna Gora (61%), while in all other mountains this indicator is less than 60%. By contrast, the constant (unchangeable) component of the total discharge, depending primarily on ground water, has the smallest share - 33% (ZYAPKOV et al, 1989). This ratio between the surface and underground flow indicates the poorer natural regulation of the Eastern Rhodopes stream discharge - the rivers there have extremely variable water quantities, ranging from very big to very small, and some of them often dry up because there is no underground influx of water into the rivers at the time of river low waters. The rock formations contain tiny amounts of water, stored predominantly in fractures. Greater ground water quantities are accumulated in the marble seams of metamorphites, and in the Upper-Eocene (Priabonian) limestones and Oligocene volcanites (mainly rhyolites), but as the water-bearing rock formations are of limited extension, their role in regulating the stream discharge of bigger river basins is insignificant. The annual variations of stream discharge, illustrated by its average monthly distribution, point to considerable spatial differences (Table 6). While in the Varbitsa, Krumovitsa and Byala Reka River basins the autumn-winter discharge is 1.5-fold greater than the springsummer one, which is indicative of the pronounced Mediterranean features, the Borovitsa and Perperek river basins from the left-hand side of the Arda River catchment area have a stream discharge almost equal for the two hydrological seasons or a predominant springsummer one (K “autumn-winter/spring-summer” becomes less than 1) (Table 6). The Arda River itself makes an exception with the prevailing autumn-winter discharge under the influence of its right-hand tributaries. The rivers in the Haskovo Hilly Step also have a marked autumn-winter high waters, exceeding, although not much, the spring-summer ones. Everywhere, the average monthly maximum discharge is in February, except for the Borovitsa and Perperek rivers, whose maximum is in March, owing to the larger share of snowfalls in the total precipitation and to their longer retention in the form of snow cover. The highest maximum monthly discharge is recorded for the Varbitsa, Krumovitsa and particularly for the Byala Reka River - over 21% (Table 6), i.e. more than 1/5 of their annual discharge flows within just one month and for the Byala Reka River it takes less than a month. This fact can be partially explained with the increasing share of snowfalls in its catchment area which in combination with the rapid snow melt, rainfalls or abrupt foehn-related warming leads to extremely high water level in the river. During the summer low waters, however, these rivers are notable for their extremely small discharge, which has reached its record low level in the Byala Reka River (Table 6). Everywhere the mean monthly minimum discharge is observed in August-September and it insignificantly affects the annual discharge. A characteristic feature of the Eastern Rhodopes rivers is the highly uneven annual discharge distribution - the rivers have impressive water volume during floods and dry up during low waters, which impedes their usage all the year round. These stream discharge variations are regulated by dams and cascades built on the main river and on some of its tributaries. Thus the substantial hydro-resource and hydro-power potential of the Eastern Rhodopes can be efficiently managed. Taking into consideration the spatial changes of the specific discharge in the Eastern Rhodopes on the territory of Bulgaria – from 25 l/s/km2 in the border mountain regions, to
2
1160 17,7
1
858
14
14,4
14,5
14,7
5201
1149 584
1203
498
14,4
14
5060
671
14
3753 700
494
15
1988 969
3
m
km2
l/s/ km2
456
464
458
455
442
442
442
473
559
4
mm
17,8 15,1
13,3 15,1
31,5 15,1
30,2 15,1
115 13,2
112 13,1
78,9 12,5
40,1 11,1
20,9 11,4
5
I
25,8 21,9
19,4 21,9
44,1 21,1
42,2 21,1
155 17,7
151 17,8
107 16,9
52,8 14,7
28 15,3
6
II
18 15,2
13,5 15,2
29,8 14,2
28,5 14,2
126 14,4
123 14,4
89,5 14,2
50,8 14,1
25,5 13,9
7
11,7 9,9
8,74 9,9
19,6 9,4
18,8 9,4
100 11,5
97,8 11,5
75,2 11,9
48,2 13,4
24,5 13,4
8
10
11
12
13
14
X 15
XI 16
XII 17
Year 18
34,7
34,7
33,3
33,3
39,5
39,5
40,6
44,6
43,5
19
4,6
4,6
5,4
5,4
7,8
7,8
8,4
10
9,4
20
1,75
1,75
1,84
1,84
1,33
1,33
1,25
1,02
1,08
21
54
54
54
54
46
46
44
39
40
22
31
31
30
30
34
34
35
38
37
23
4,8
4,8
5,3
5,3
9,3
9,3
10,1
12,7
11,7
24
9,9
9,9
11,1
11,1
10,8
10,8
11,1
11,2
11,2
25
Seasonal distr. K Seasonal distrib. Hydr. year % Au-W Calend year % XI-II III-VI VI-X Sp-Su XII-II III-V VI-VIII IX-XI
Arda River Vehtino 18 12 6,26 3,24 2,9 4,8 12,8 24,5 15,2 47 9,7 6,5 3,4 1,8 1,6 2,6 7 13,4 100 Kardjali Dam 36 25,4 13,1 7,29 6 9,7 24,3 46,3 29,9 45 10 7,1 3,6 2 1,7 2,7 6,8 12,8 100 Studen Kladenets Dam 55 36,6 17,7 9,47 8,6 17 44,1 91,5 52,4 51 8,7 5,8 2,8 1,5 1,4 2,7 7 14,5 99,9 Ivaylovgrad Dam 70 46,2 21,9 11,2 11 22 58,8 126 70,8 53 8,2 5,4 2,6 1,3 1,3 2,6 6,9 14,8 99,9 Near the frontier 72 47,4 22,5 11,5 11 23 60,3 129 72,6 53 8,2 5,4 2,6 1,3 1,3 2,6 6,9 14,8 99,9 Varbitsa River Djebel Station 13 7 2,59 1,04 1,6 5,6 15,1 35,3 16,6 61 6,2 3,5 1,3 0,5 0,8 2,8 7,5 17,6 100 Up to the point of its flowing into the Studen Kladenets Dam 13 7,31 2,71 1,08 1,7 5,8 15,7 36,9 17,4 61 6,2 3,5 1,3 0,5 0,8 2,8 7,5 17,6 100 Krumovitsa River Krumovgrad 5,6 2,89 1,01 0,37 0,6 2,1 6,06 15 7,32 61 6,3 3,3 1,1 0,4 0,7 2,4 6,8 16,9 100 Up to the point of its flowing into the Arda River 7,4 3,86 1,34 0,49 0,8 2,8 8,08 20 9,84 61 6,3 3,3 1,1 0,4 0,7 2,4 6,8 16,9 100
9
Mean monthly and annual stream discharge m3/s and % III IV V VI VII VIII IX
Table 6 Key hydrological characteristics of the drainage basins
40 M. YORDANOVA
455
324
276
220
326
954
5,4
4,4
5,7
169
139
181
413
400
692
365
369
4
3,34 12,5
6,44 12,5
2,87 12,7
3,72 10,8
4,94 10,8
2,13 11,9
12 14,6
9,25 14,6
5
5,21 19,5
10,1 19,5
4,74 20,9
4,72 13,7
6,26 13,7
2,72 15,2
19,5 23,7
15,1 23,7
6
4,37 16,4
8,42 16,4
4,18 18,5
4,99 14,5
6,62 14,5
2,36 13,2
13,9 16,8
10,7 16,8
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Byala Reka River Dolno Lukovo 6,85 4,6 2,09 0,44 0,19 0,2 1,2 3,69 9,21 5,24 59 38,2 10,8 7,3 3,3 0,7 0,3 0,4 1,8 5,8 14,5 100 Up to the frontier 8,88 6 2,71 0,57 0,24 0,3 1,5 4,78 11,9 6,86 59 38,2 10,8 7,3 3,3 0,7 0,3 0,4 1,8 5,8 14,5 100 Madanska River - up to the point of its flowing into Arda River 2,57 1,8 1,01 0,45 0,2 0,2 0,5 1,45 2,57 1,49 50 43 14,4 9,8 5,6 2,5 1,1 1,1 2,7 8,1 14,4 100 Borovitsa River - up to the point of its flowing into the Kardjali Dam 6,2 4,8 3,62 1,84 1,11 0,8 1,3 2,85 5,47 3,81 43 46,4 13,6 10 7,9 4 2,4 1,7 2,8 6,2 12 100 Perperek River - up to the point of its flowing into the Studen Kladenets Dam 4,68 3,6 2,73 1,39 0,84 0,6 1 2,15 4,13 2,88 43 46,4 13,6 10 7,9 4 2,4 1,7 2,8 6,2 12 100 Banska River - Dobrich 2,49 1,6 1,12 0,57 0,64 0,6 0,7 0,98 2,16 1,87 47 41,5 11 7,1 4,9 2,5 2,8 2,5 3,2 4,3 9,5 99,9 Harmanliyska River – mouth 4,79 4 2,64 1,95 1,78 1,7 2,3 2,43 4,98 4,24 46 38,5 9,3 7,7 5,1 3,8 3,5 3,3 4,5 4,7 9,7 100 Biserska River – mouth 2,48 2,1 1,37 1,01 0,92 0,9 1,2 1,26 2,58 2,2 46 38,5 9,3 7,7 5,1 3,8 3,5 3,3 4,5 4,7 9,7 100
8
1 - Area of the drainage basin (km2); 2 - Average altitude (m); 3 - Mean annual specific discharge (l/s/km2); 4 - Runoff layer (mm); 5-17 - Meam monthly and annual stream discharge (m3/s and %); 18-20 - Seasonal distribution - Hydrological year (%); 21 - K Aut-Win/Spr-Sum; 22-25 - Seasonal distribution – Calendar year (%)
(Data source: YORDANOV, ed., 2000; NIKOLOVA et al., eds, 2000)
411
12,7
802
301
13,1
21,9
68
11,7
11,6
426
448
3
594
2
1
15,1
15,1
11
10,9
10,9
7,4
3,2
3,2
20
1,21
1,21
1,14
0,92
0,92
1,15
1,53
1,53
21
42
42
43
37
37
42
53
53
22
33
33
37
39
39
37
35
35
23
12,4
12,4
10,2
14,3
14,3
9,2
4,3
4,3
24
12,5
12,5
10
10,7
10,7
11,9
8
8
25
Geography 41
42
M. YORDANOVA
5 l/s/km2 in the eastern parts of the Arda and Byala Reka valleys and 1-2 l/s/km2 towards the Maritsa River, a conclusion can be drawn that there is a trend towards a specific discharge decrease in the mountain periphery, which refers to its parts on Greek territory too. Here the trend is even more distinct, because of the warmer and drier climate, which is responsible for the availability of a great many not so small intermittent rivers.
Soils The latest scientific literature, dealing with soils, has accepted the FAO Soil Classification System (A Legend to the World Soil Map, 1988, 1990), which describes in greater details the wide spectrum of soils and the contrasting nature of soil formation processes on Bulgaria’s small area. The major soil types and sub-types, developed in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes, belong to the Eastern-Rhodopes-Sakar Province of the Mediterranean Soil Region (NINOV, 2002). Due to the soil cover specificity in the Haskovo Hilly Step, the latter, together with the adjacent lowlands to the north, are assigned to the ThracianSrednotundjanska Province of the same region. The similarity between the two provinces consists in the distribution of the two soil types, common for the Eastern Rhodopes, - soil lessive and shallow soils. Nevertheless, they differ because other primary soil types, typical of the Upper Thracian Lowland, can be found in the second province. The soil cover in the Eastern Rhodopes interior is relatively monotonous, where the lessive soils (Luvisols, LV) are the most widely spread. This soil type is best represented by the red Luvisols (ferric, LVf), usually overlying wide ridges and slopes of the Stramni Rid and Iran Tepe-Sarta intramountain ridges. They also entirely cover the Chukata Ridge with its southeastern branch Kamenik and the western part of the Gorata Ridge. Almost the whole space, stretching between the regions under the red Luvisols and incorporating the Stramni Rid western foothill, the eastern slopes of Zhalti Dyal, the summits of Iran Tepe-Sarta Ridge and of the border ridges of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik and Maglenik, is occupied by the second widely spread soil type in the Eastern Rhodopes - the shallow soils (Leptosols, LP). It is represented mainly by litic soils (litic, LPq) and rankers (umbric, LPu); on the northern mountain margin these soil variations are occasionally combined with rendzic (LPk), which are more compact in Mechkovets Hill and in the eastern zone of Gorata Ridge and are of fragmentary occurrence in various parts in the Haskovo Step, where limestones are spread. In the longitudinal depression, south of the Chukata and Gorata ridges, as well as on their northern slopes near the Chala Hill and in the comparatively small Kardjali Depression, alongside the rankers, quite common are the soils of chromic Luvisols (LVx) type. Nearby, in the Haskovo Step southern part, facing the foothills of Chukata and Gorata and further eastward towards the Maritsa Valley, a strip of other major soil type can be distinguished - Planosols (PL). Fragments of red soils (ferric, LVf) are scattered within it and the only compact patch of Colluvisols (CL) is to be found upon the thick aggradation plain in the northern foothill of the Gorata Ridge summit. Typical for the Haskovsko Step are smolnitsa soils (Vertisols, VR), which resemble the soils in the Upper Thracian Lowland. They are represented chiefly by eutric (VRe) and gleyic
Geography
43
(VRg) soil varieties. Of more limited occurrence are chromic (CMx) from the main soil type Cambisols (CM) and vertic (LVv) in combination with chromic (LVx) and albic (LVa) Luvisols. Everywhere in the widened valley stretches of the two provinces Fluvisols (FL) are developed, especially eutric (FLe). Only one section of the Maritsa River Valley near Dimitrovgrad makes an exception, where dystric (FLd) and calcaric (FLc) Fluvisols dominate. Another basic soil type - Andosols (AN), is wide-spread in the Eastern Rhodopes. These soils are developed upon volcanic tuffs, containing volcanic glass, volcanic ash and/or lava materials composed of andesites, rhyolites or diabase. They occur fragmentarily in the Stramni Rid northern parts (in close proximity to the village of Nanovitsa), in the Zhalti Dyal eastern branches (near the Ustra village), in the surroundings of Kardjali, etc. The Zhalti Dyal is almost entirely (except for its eastern slopes facing the Varbitsa Valley) involved in the so called Western Rhodopes Zone of the Mountain Province within the Mediterranean Soil Region, remarkable for its brown mountain-forest soils (dystric, CMd) from the so called metamorphic soils – Cambisols (CM). The region in Greece is dominated by the two major soil types - Leptosols (LP) and Luvisols (LV), common for most of the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Certain soil types, related to the properties of rock substratum, add to the soil variety. Among them are rendzic (overlying carbonate rocks), andosols (upon volcanic materials), smolnitsa (upon Pliocene clay sediments), alluvial sediment soils (upon fluvial or lacustrine materials), etc. Due to the warmer climate, a specific red soil type (Nitisols, NT), represented by terra rossa, also occurs sporadically. A serious problem with respect to the soils in the Eastern Rhodopes is their accelerated erosion, associated with the frequent pouring rains. Considering the regionalization scheme of Bulgaria, based on erosion intensity, the Eastern Rhodopes stand out as one of the regions, mostly threatened by potential erosion.
Plant and Animal Life In the geobotanical regionalization of Bulgaria (BONDEV, 1997) the Eastern Rhodopes form a separate plant unit, which belongs to the Macedonian-Thracian Province within the European Deciduous Forest Region. The plant specific features are determined by the predominant xerothermal tree species of Quercus frainetto, Quercus pubescens and Quercus virgiliana, and in the farthest southern and southwestern regions - by the mesophytous species of Fageta moesiacae, Quercus dalechampii and by Carpinus betulus or Betula pendula (Zhalti Dyal western slopes), which are of rare occurrence. Most of the potential forest plantations are degraded and replaced by secondary forests of Carpinus orientalis and by shrubs of Paliurus spinachristii, Juniperus oxycedrus or by grass communities of Dichantium (Andropogon) ischaemum, therophytes (BONDEV, 1997). The region is rich in Macedonian-Thracian floristic elements (mostly Balkan and fewer Bulgarian endemics); Illyrian, steppe and Euxinic floristic elements are the fewest. According to the characteristic features, the region can be divided into three sub-regions, called Haskovo, Kardjali and Krumovgrad. As their names show, they cover the northern, western and eastern parts of the Eastern Rhodopes. The sub-region of Haskovo almost coincides with the geomorphological unit under the same name, and is known as Haskovo Hilly or Foothill Step. The natural vegetation here
44
M. YORDANOVA
is represented by xerothermal species of Quercus frainetto, Quercus cerris and Quercus virgiliana, quite often mixed with Carpinus orientalis. The forest degradation has led to the formation of xerothermal grass ecosystems of ephemeral plant species, common for the region. The subregion of Kardjali embraces the smaller part of the genuinely mountain Eastern Rhodopes relief up to the Varbitsa River Valley in the east. The morphographic and climatic conditions have greatly diversified the vegetation, so that alongside the typical xerothermal forest communities, consisting chiefly of Quercus frainetto, there can be found xeromesophytous ones of Quercus dalechampii, Carpinus betulus or mesophytous of Fageta moesiacae. The birch forests of Zhalti Dyal and fragmentary relict forests of Pinus nigra add further to the diversity of forest communities. The sub-region of Krumovgrad, which occupies the region’s eastern corner up to the border, is outstanding with its most varied vegetation due to the complex dissection of the hilly relief and the related climatic contrasts - the Ivaylovgradsko and Belorechko valley depressions on Bulgarian territory are the Eastern Rhodopes hottest areas and the Maglenika northern slopes receive one of the largest amounts of precipitation. The natural vegetation is represented by xerothermal Quercus frainetto forests and mixed Quercus frainetto-Quercus cerris ones; xeromesophytous Quercus delechampii and mixed Quercus dalechampii-Carpinus betulus forests; mesophytous forests of Fageta moesiacae on the Maglenik border-lying, more humid slopes interspersed either with single trees or thin forests of Fagus orientalis and the evergreen relict Ilex aquifolium. This is the only area, where the rare species of Thracian oak, etc., can thrive. Dense thorny shrubs of shiblyatsi type are typical in Kamildolski section of the Arda River Valley. On Greek territory, the natural vegetation acquires subtropical characteristics, which means prevalence of evergreen species such as Quercus coccifera, Punica granatum, Ficus carica, Olea europaea, etc., while the river valleys are occupied by Platanus orientalis forests. Widespread are the xerothermal plant communities, dominated by Quercus coccifera or xerothermal shrubs of frigana type. Vast areas of the hills are either treeless or turned into pastures. The animal population of the Eastern Rhodopes resembles that of the plains and lowlands in South Bulgaria and forms an integrated zoogeographical region, called Thracian (GEORGIEV, 1997). This name can be also applied to the neighboring areas beyond Bulgaria’s frontier (i.e. to the whole Rhodope Massif), where the fauna is the same. Its uniformity is due to the predominant species - representatives mainly of the Mediterranean Fauna, which freely penetrate the country, along the Tundja and Maritsa valleys. The most common Mediterranean species, which constitute over 50% of the Bulgarian fauna in this region, are insects (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera). The birds rank second in importance, followed by the mammals of which the insect-eaters and the rodents have the largest share in the Bulgarian Fauna. Typical faunistic elements in the Thracian Region are considered to be the endemic forms, concentrated mostly in the Eastern Rhodopes, such as some centipedes and grasshoppers (ground fauna), while the underground ones are more numerous (GEORGIEV, 1997).
Landscapes and Protected Areas The Eastern Rhodopes landscape diversity results from the complex relation and interaction between the natural components on the earth surface, among which the zonal
Geography
45
climatic and azonal factors, such as tectogenic or geological-geomorphological, play a key role. The differentiated soil and plant cover and its transformation by the human factor help to outline the complex landscape typological units of different rank on the basis of the devised landscape classification scheme for the whole country. Considering the taxonomic system, accepted by Petrov (1997), which consists of 4 landscape subdivisions - class, type, sub-type and group - 13 typological landscape units of the lowest rank, called Table 7 Classification system of the Eastern Rhodopes landscapes (based on PETROV, 1997) Taxon
Taxonomic unit
Class Type Sub-type Group
Plain-like landscapes Landscapes of Temperate-Continental meadow-steppe and forest lowlands Landscapes of meadow-swamp lowlands Landscapes of meadow-swamp lowlands, poorly reclaimed for agricultural activities Intermontane plain-and-lowland landscapes Landscapes of Sub-Mediterranean meadow-steppe and forest-meadow-steppe intermontane lowlands Landscapes of meadow-steppe and forest-meadow-steppe intermontane lowlands Landscapes of meadow-steppe intermontane lowlands upon unconsolidated Quaternary deposits, most efficiently used for agricultural activities Landscapes of meadow-steppe intermontane lowlands with Pliocene clay-sandy deposits, sufficiently reclaimed for agricultural activities Landscapes of forest intermontane lowlands Landscapes of forest intermontane lowlands upon loose Quaternary deposits, poorly used for agricultural purposes Landscapes of forest intermontane lowlands with Pliocene sandy-clay deposits, moderately reclaimed for agriculture Landscapes of forest intermontane lowlands upon solid metamorphic rocks, poorly used for agriculture Basin landscapes Landscapes of Sub-Mediterranean meadow-steppe and forest-meadowsteppe basin bottoms Landscapes of meadow-steppe primarily hilly bottoms of intermontane basins Landscapes of meadow-steppe intermontane basins’ bottoms with loose Quaternary deposits, sufficiently reclaimed for agricultural activities Mountain landscapes Landscapes of Sub-Mediterranean low-mountain forests Landscapes of low-mountain xerophytous shrub forests Landscapes of low-mountain xerophytous shrub forests upon andesites and rhyolites, poorly used for agricultural activities Landscape of low-mountain xerophytous shrub forests upon Mesozoic and Paleogenic clay-sandy deposits, poorly used for agricultural activities Landscapes of low-mountain xerophytous shrub forests upon metamorphic rocks, poorly used for agricultural purposes Landscapes of low-mountain xerophytous shrub forests upon marbles and limestones Landscapes of moderately humid mountain forests Landscapes of the moderately high mountain deciduous forests and secondary meadows Landscapes of moderately high mountain deciduous forests upon carbon free sedimentary rocks Landscapes of moderately high mountain deciduous forests upon metamorphic rocks
Class Type Sub-type Group Group Sub-type Group Group Group Class Type Sub-type Group Class Type Sub-type Group Group Group Group Type Sub-type Group Group
Number in the scheme
2
17 18
21 22 23
37
46 47 48 49
50 51
46
M. YORDANOVA
“landscape groups” can be distinguished, hierarchically subordinated from the bottom upwards, reaching the highest taxonomy unit “landscape class” (Table 7, Fig. 2). In the landscape classification scheme of the country, worked out by the same author on the basis of the landscape-typological differentiation (PETROV, 1997), most of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountain Zone forms a separate regional unit under the rank of “subregion” within the South-Bulgarian Mountain-Basin Region. This sub-region is divided into 3 zones with west-east orientation: northern low-mountain, called Dragoisko-Garotinski and incorporating the ridges from the northern mountain frame; central, known as Srednoardinski and consisting of valleys; and southern low- and moderately mountain, named Djebelsko-Maglenishki. The Haskovsko Hilly Step is assigned to the Intermountain Zonal Area of SouthBulgarian lowlands and low mountains and is divided into two regions, which belong to 2 different sub-regions: Western, including the Banska and Harmanliyska river valleys and called Haskovski - towards the Upper Thracian Sub-region, and Eastern (stretching up to the frontier), known as Svilengradski - towards the Lower Thracian Sub-region. The landscape diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes is put under protection by various means - by the establishment of reserves, maintained reserves, protected areas, natural sights (Table 8).
17 18
18
21
2 46
23 17
22 17
2
23 23
21 51 46 47
23
23 23
48
22
23
47
21
47 46 48
37
37
37
37
46
48
48
47 51
47
47
47 46 47
47 48
51
51
51
Fig. 2. Landscape-typological differentiation of the Eastern Rhodopes (a fragment of Bulgaria’s map, compiled by Petrov, 1997). The numbers are the same as in Table 7
Geography
47
Table 8 The Eastern Rhodopes Protected Areas (based on STOILOV & TUFEKCHIEV, 2001) Form of protection 1
Protected site, year of designation, area
Location
Primary plant and animal species under protection
2
3
Reserve
Valchi Dol, 1980 774.7 ha
Boinik Village (Dolna Arda Region)
Maintained reserve
Kazal Cherpa, 1949 Zhenda Village 39.9 ha (Gorna Arda Region)
Mixed forests of Pinus nigra, Quercus petraea, Quercus pubescens, Carpinus orientalis, etc.
Boraka, 1966 11.1 ha
Sarnitsa Village (Gorna Arda Region)
Predominantly forests of Pinus nigra - a relict flora, common for the region.
Chamlaka, 1954 5.4 ha
Momchilgrad (Gorna Arda Region)
Natural forests of Pinus nigra
Borovets, 1967 36 ha
Raven Village (Dolna Arda Region)
Original forests of Pinus nigra, common for the region. Dendroflora - Quercus pubescens, Quercus frainetto, Carpinus orientalis, Pinus sylvestris, Fraxinus ornus, Acer campestre, Pyrus communis, Sorbus torminalis, Corylus avellana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus mas, etc.
Lyubimets (Haskovo)
Locality of Leucojum aestivum
Olu Dere, 1973 37.2 ha
Harmanli (Haskovo)
Old, representative forests
Martsiganitsa, 1980 27.5 ha
Dobrostan Village (Plovdiv)
A nice mountain landscape, sites for recreation and tourism
Lozenski Pat, 1980 32 ha
Svilengrad (Haskovo)
Locality of Leucojum aestivum
Dupkata, 1992 6.5 ha
Ivaylovgrad (Kardjali)
Locality of rare and protected wild orchids and the Dupkata Cave
Likana, 1992 2.5 ha
Svirachi Village (Kardjali)
Locality of the orchid Epipactis helleborine
Patronka, 1995 180 ha
Madjarovo Harmanli (Haskovo)
Natural habitats of protected rare birds, included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as well as in the list of species threatened with extinction in Europe
Momina Skala, 1995 18.6 ha
Madjarovo Harmanli (Haskovo)
Natural habitats of protected rare birds, included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as well as in the list of species threatened with extinction in Europe
Protected sites Dolnata Ova, 1970 20 ha
4 Forest ecosystems with highly varied bird species. Dendroflora: Quercus petraea, Quercus frainetto, Tilia parvifolia, Carpinus orientalis, Fraxinus ornus, Acer monspessulanum, etc. Rare plant species: Haberlea rhodopensis, Iris reichenbachii, Tulipa ulipa australis, etc. Fauna – Sus scrofa, Capreolus capreolus, Gyps fulvus, Sylvia hortensis, Sylvia cantillans, Aquila chrysaetos, Neophron percnopterus, Ciconia nigra, Buteo rufinus, etc.
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Yumruk Skala, 2000 346 ha
Kaloyantsi Village (Kardjali)
Habitats of protected and threatened with extinction animals and plants (e.g. Ciconia nigra, Neophron percnopterus, Gyps fulvus, Buteo rufinus, Falco peregrinus, etc.)
Ribino, 2000 66.3 ha
Ribino Village (Kardjali)
Habitats of protected and threatened with extinction animals and plants (e.g. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus blasii, Rhinolophus mehelyi, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, etc.)
A lot of natural landmarks have been designated in the Eastern Rhodopes, notable for their unique geological structures, morphosculptural landforms and biodiversity.
References ALEXIEV G., SPIRIDONOV H. 2002. Denudation surfaces. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 44-51. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). ALFIERIS D., KYRIAKOPOULOS K. 1990. Some trace elements distribution in calcalcaline volcanic rocks from Kaloticho-Chaintou-Kotili and Pharasino areas (North Greece). - In: Konstantinos S. (ed.). Geologica Rhodopica. Aristotle Univ. Press, Thessaloniki, 2: 168-179. ASTARAS Th., LAMBRINOS N. 1989. Land classification of part of Thrace (East Rhodopes) visual interpretation of MSS Images of first and second generation Landsat Images. - In: Baltakov G. (ed.). Geographica Rhodopica. Kliment Ohridski Univ. Press, Sofia, 1: 34-43. BONDEV Iv. 1997. Geobotanic regioning. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds.) Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 283 – 305. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) BOYANOV I., KOZHOUKHAROV D. 1971. East Rhodopes Block. - In: Yovchev Y. (ed.). Tectonic Structure of Bulgaria. Tehnika Publ. House, Sofia, 99-135. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). BOYANOV I., SHILYAFOVA Zh., GORANOV A., RUSSEVA M. 1991. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Dimitrovgrad sheet. Printed by WTS, Troyan. BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROV D., GORANOV A., KOZHOUHAROVA E., RUSSEVA M., SHILYAFOVA Zh. 1992. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Sheet Haskovo. Publ. house c/o Usautor, Sofia, 70 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROV D., GORANOV A., RUSSEVA M., SHILYAFOVA Zh., YANEV Y. 1989. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Haskovo map sheet. Printed by WTS Troyan. BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROV D., GORANOV A., SHILYAFOVA Zh., RUSSEVA M. 1995. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Sheet Iskra. AVERS Publ. House, Sofia, 77 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROV D, GORANOV A., YANEV Y., SHILYAFOVA Zh., RUSSEVA M. 1990. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000. Sheet Iskra. Printed by WTS Troyan. DIMADIS E., ZAHOS S. 1986. Geological map of Rhodope massif in scale 1:200 000. Drafted by A. Carpouzi, IGME, Xanthi. DRAGOV P. 2002. Ores and minerals. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House For Com, Sofia, 99-103. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). FILIPOV A. 1992. Structure of the rain fall distribution of mediteranean cyclones in the Rhodopes Mt. Referate of PhD dissertation, Moscow. 22 p. (In Russian). GALABOV Zh. 1966. Regional characteristics of the Relief – Rhodopes Mt. - In: Gerasimov I., Galabov Zh. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 189-218. (In Bulgarian).
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GALABOV Zh. 1977. Regional physical-geographical characteristic of Bulgaria – Rhodopes: Westrhodopean and Eastrhodopean subregions. - In: Galabov Zh. (ed.). Physical geography of Bulgaria. Publ. House Narodna prosveta, Sofia, 289-316. (In Bulgarian). GALABOV Zh. 1982a. Relief - common characteristics. - In: Galabov Zh. (ed). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 13-33. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). GALABOV Zh. 1982b. Geomorphological regions. – In: Galabov Zh. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 150-158. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). GALABOV Zh. 1986. Rhodopes Mt. - In: Georgiev V. (ed.). Encyclopedy of Bulgaria. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 5: 798-803. (In Bulgarian). GEORGIEV M. 1991. Physical geography of Bulgaria. Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Publ. House, Sofia, 406 p. (In Bulgarian). GEORGIEV V. 1997. Zoogeographical regions. – In: Yordanova M., Donchev, D. (eds.). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 330 – 333. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) GORANOV A., KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROVA E. 1995. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Krumovgrad and Sape map sheets. AVERS Publ. House, Sofia, 97 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). JARANOV D. 1960. Tectonic of Bulgaria. Tehnika Publ. House, Sofia, 283 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). KOLEVA E., PENEVA P. (eds). 1990. Climatic reference book. Precipitation in Bulgaria. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 169 p. (In Bulgarian). KOZHOUHAROV D. 1993. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Komotiny sheet. Publ. House Bolid, Sofia, 37 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A., KOZHOUHAROVA E. 1991. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000. Sheets Ivaylovgrad and Suflion. Printed by WTS Troyan. KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A., KOZHOUHAROVA E. 1992. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, sheet Krumovgrad and Sape. Printed by WTS Troyan. KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A., KOZHOUHAROVA E. 1995a. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000. Sheets Ivailovgrad and Suflion. AVERS Publ. House, Sofia, 64 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A., YANEV Y., SHILYAFOVA Zh., RUSSEVA M. 1989a. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Kardjali sheet. Printed by WTS Troyan. KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A., YANEV Y., SHILYAFOVA Zh., RUSSEVA M. 1995b. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Kardjali sheet. AVERS Publ. House, Sofia, 87 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KOZHOUHAROV D., BOYANOV I., KOZHOUHAROVA E., GORANOV A., SAVOV S., SHILYAFOV G. 1995c. Explanatory note to the Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000. Svilengrad map sheet. AVERS Publ. House, Sofia, 67 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KOZHOUHAROV D., SHILYAFOVA Zh., RUSSEVA M., BOYANOV I., GORANOV A. 1989b. Geological map of Bulgaria in scale 1:100 000, Komotiny sheet. Printed by WTS Troyan. KYUCHUKOVA M. (ed.). 1979. Climatic reference book of Bulgaria. 2. Moisture, fog, horisontal visibility, cloudiness, snow cover. Publ. house Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 811 pp. (In Bulgarian). KYUCHUKOVA M. (ed.). 1983. Climatic reference book of Bulgaria. 3. Temperature of the air, temperature of the soil, hoar frost. Publ. House Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 440 p. (In Bulgarian). KYUCHUKOVA M., IVANOV P., SABEVA M. (eds). 1986. Climatic reference book. Heavy rainfalls in Bulgaria. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 272 pp. (In Bulgarian). LINGOVA S. 1981. Radiation and Light Regime in Bulgaria. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 227 p. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). MAGGANAS A. 1990. Relict minerals of metavolcanic and metapyroclastic rocks from the Circum-Rhodope belt in the area of Thrace, Greece. - In: Konstantinos S. (ed.). Geologica Rhodopica. Aristotle Univ. Press, Thessaloniki, 2: 251-262. NIKOLOVA K., VARLEV I., STRAHILOVA V., ILCHEVA I. (eds). 2000. General Schemes of water supply in the Regions of Basin-management. 4. East-Aegean Region of Basin menagement: 2) General scheme of water supply in Basin of Maritza River. Institute of Water Problems of BAS, Sofia, 262 pp. (In Bulgarian). NINOV, N. 2002. Soils. – In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 277-317. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
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PENCHEV P. 1966. Some features of the genesis and regime of runoff in region under the Mediteranean climatic influence in Bulgaria. – Bull. Bulg. Geogr. Soc., 6 (16): 63-82. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). PETROV, P. 1997. Landscape structure. – In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds.) Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 340-357. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.) SHAROVA V. Y. (ed.). 1970. Mean long-term temperature of the air in out of border territories and aquatories of Northern hemisphere. Publ. House Gydrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 148 pp. (In Russian). STEFANOV P. Morphografic features. 2002. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 29-43. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STOILOV D., TUFEKCHIEV K. 2001. Conservation nature protection. Univ. Publ. House “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, 193 p. (In Bulgarian). STOYANOV G. (ed.). 1984. Hydrologic reference book of the rivers of Bulgaria. 4. GUHM, Sofia, 412 p. (In Bulgarian). TOPLIYSKI D., POPOV A. 1995. Climatic types in Bulgaria based on the Thornthwaites’s index of moisture. – Ann. Jour. Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Geology-Geography Faculty, 87 (2): 117-135. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VAPTSAROV I., VELEV S., YORDANOVA M., GORUNOVA D. 1989. Rilo-Rhodopean region. – In: Mishev K. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 3. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 166-219. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ, Engl.). VAPTSAROV I., ALEXIEV G. 1997. Morphostructural analysis. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 54-66. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VAPTSAROV I. 1997. Planation surfaces. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 85-92. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VEKILSKA B., RACHEV G. 2000. Current changes in the precipitation in Bulgaria. Annual journ. Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, Geology-Geography Faculty, Sofia, 90 (2): 31-37. VELEV S., YORDANOVA M. 1988. Radiation and Hydro-Thermal Balance of the Rhodope Mountains. Problems of Geography, Sofia, 2: 19-30. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VELEV S. 1990. The Climat of Bulgaria. Publ. House Narodna prosveta, Sofia, 179 pp. (In Bulgarian). VELEV S., YORDANOVA M. 1993. Radiation and Hydro-Thermal Balance of the Mountains in Bulgaria. Problems of Geography, Sofia, 2: 35-39. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VELEV S. 1997a. Climatic regioning. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 127-130. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VELEV S. 1997b. Atmospheric pressure and wind. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 118-122. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VELEV S. 2002. Contemporary variations of air temperature and precipitation. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 157-160. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). YORDANOV L. (ed.). 2000. General Schemes of water supply in the Regions of Basin-management. 4. EastAegean Region of Basin menagement: 3) General scheme of water supply in Arda river. Institute of Water Problems of BAS, Sofia, 120 pp. (In Bulgarian). YORDANOVA M. 1979. Genesis and annual distribution of the stream discharge in the East Rhodopes Mt as a result of the complex influence of the physiogeographical factors. PhD Dissertation, Sofia. 172 p. (In Bulgarian). YORDANOVA M. 2002a. Runnof feeding. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 192-195. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). YORDANOVA M. 2002b. Long-term runnof and water resources. - In: Yordanova M. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. 1. Physical geography. Publ. House ForCom, Sofia, 195-198. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). YORDANOVA M., DONCHEV D. (eds). 1997. Map of mean slopes of the relief of Bulgaria. Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. publ. house “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia. ZYAPKOV L., PENCHEV P., KALINOVA M. 1989. Genetic structure of the stream waters. - In: Mishev K. (ed.). The nature and economic potential of the mountains of Bulgaria. 1. Nature and resources. Publ. House of BAS, Sofia, 178-186. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). ZYAPKOV L. 1997. River floods. - In: Yordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House “Prof. M. Drinov”, Sofia, 178-184. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
Author’s address: Marina Yordanova Institute of Geography Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Физикогеографска характеристика на Източните Родопи Марина ЙОРДАНОВА (Р е з ю м е) Физикогеографската характеристика на Източните Родопи съдържа детайлно описание на основните природни компоненти – скален строеж, релеф, климат, води, почви, растителност и животински свят, като се акцентира върху техните специфични особености, обусловени от действието на различни фактори с ендогенен и екзогенен произход. Силно разчлененият релеф и изключително пъстрият скален строеж на Източните Родопи е резултат от сложното геологотектонско развитие на целия масив като дълбоко разломен стар земекорен блок, подмладен от проявата на последвали магматогенни процеси. Това е причина, наред с най-старите кристалинни скали с докамбрийска възраст (гнайси, шисти, гранити), широко да са разпространени по-млади, предимно вулканогенни и седиментно-вулканогенни скални комплекси (андезити, риолити, туфи, туфити), които са особено характерни за Източните Родопи. Диференцираното развитие на Източните Родопи е свързано с потъването им в края на кредата и формирането на т. нар. Източнородопско структурно понижение, което се залива от морски води и се проявява интензивен вулканизъм на три излива (един в края на еоцена-приабона и два през олигоцена). Така се оформят лавовите комплекси в Боровишкия, Момчилградския и Маджаровския вулканогенни райони като фрагменти на обширното Източнородопско понижение на българска територия и т. нар. Tertiary System на гръцка територия, а в пониженията Брягово-Вълчеполско и Белоречко протича предимно теригенна седиментация (чакъли, конгломерати, пясъчници, глини, кисели туфи, въглища). Седиментните комплекси с неогенска възраст (чакъли, пясъци, глини) запълват най-ниските северни части в обсега на Хасковското хълмисто стъпало, а навсякъде покрай реките и в подножията на ридовете са разпространени най-млади кватернерни наслаги – леглови и на заливните тераси (на гръцка територия и на речно-морски тераси), наносни конуси и др. Релефът е предимно нископланинско-хълмист с характерно контрастно редуване на многобройни планински дялове и ридове с преобладаваща ориентация запад-изток и север-юг и разделящи ги широки речни долини. В общия морфографски план ясно се очертават три основни части – северна периферна към Горнотракийската низина, заета от Хасковското стъпало; средна вътрешнопланинска, заета от т. нар. Върбишко-Крумовишка хълмисто-ридова област, оградена от определяните като орографски рамки нископланински ридове Чуката и Гората от север и среднопланинските гранични дялове Гюмюрджински Снежник и Мъгленик от юг; южна периферна към Беломорската низина, заета от разклоненията във вид на второстепенни била на граничните дялове на гръцка територия. На запад тези части се ограничават от границата със Западни Родопи – по долините на реките Боровица, Върбица, Сушица, а на изток – от долината на р. Марица. Моделираните от екзогенните процеси денудационни заравнености и речни тераси по билата и склоновете на многобройните дялове и ридове придават стъпаловиден характер на доминиращия нископланинско-хълмист релеф. Поради специфичните особености на релефа и поради най-южното положение на Източните Родопи на българска територия климатът им е с най-добре изразени средиземноморски черти при почти всички елементи и особено по отношение на топлинните условия и овлажнението. По стойностите на сумарната слънчева радиация (5500-6000 MJ/m2/год) и радиационния баланс (20002300 MJ/m2/год) и съответно на температурата на въздуха (ср. год. 12-13оС) и на почвата (13,5-15оС) Източните Родопи отстъпват единствено на долината на р. Струма южно от Кресненския пролом и на Южното Черноморие и са едно от най-топлите места в страната. Същевременно поради близостта им до пътищата на средиземноморските циклони и проявяващия се орографски ефект върху изваляванията по северните склонове на планинските дялове и ридове (при контрастното им превишение над ниските долинни дъна) Източните Родопи са един от найвалежните райони в страната за малката си надморска височина (годишни валежи 600-1200 mm). От своя страна, орографски увеличените зимни валежи са причина за по-подчертано изразени средиземноморски черти във валежния режим дори в сравнение със станции, разположени на гръцка територия. Специфичните валежни условия, в съчетание с големите наклони на склоновете при силно разчленения релеф и преобладаваща широколистна листопадна растителност в българската
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част, обуславят изключително голяма водоносност на Източните Родопи (средно над 13 l/s/km2) – най-голяма в страната за надморската им височина - съизмерима дори с водоносността на Рила и Пирин. Реките имат пороен режим с изключително голяма неравномерност в колебанията на оттока – от катастрофални прииждания, обикновено през есенно-зимните месеци (понякога и с човешки жертви), до пресъхвания в периоди на дълбоко лятно маловодие. Водоносността намалява от над 25 l/s/km2 по северните склонове на Гюмюрджински Снежник и Мъгленик до 1-2 l/s/km2 към периферията на планинския масив, особено в гръцката му част, където дори не толкова малки реки имат непостоянен отток. Почвената покривка е представена почти повсеместно от два основни типа почви – лесивирани (Luvisols, LV) и плитки (Leptosols, LP), и по-ограничено от привързаните към определена скална основа специфични типове почви: към вулканогенните скални комплекси – андосоли (Andosols, AN), към младите неогенски (плиоценски) отложения, характерни за котловинните понижения в Южна България – смолници (Vertisols, VR), към карбонатните скали – рендзини от типа на лептосолите (rendzic LPk) главно в българската част и червеноземи (Nitisols, NT) от типа “терра роса” при по-сухия субтропичен климат в гръцката част. Растителната покривка в българската част е доминирана от широколистни листопадни видове – както ксеротермни (благун, цер), така и ксеромезофитни (горун, габър, източен горун) и мезофитни (мизийски бук и единично източен бук) и по-ограничено на места бреза и реликтни гори от черен бор, а в гръцка територия растителността придобива черти на субтропична вечнозелена, с поголямо участие на редица специфични видове (пърнар, нар, смокиня, маслина, покрай реките чинар), като на места доминират ксеротермните храстови формации от тип фригана. Животинският свят и в българската част е повлиян от навлизащите характерни средиземноморски видове главно насекоми и на второ място птици и по-ограничено бозайници (насекомоядни и гризачи). Покомпонентните характеристики залягат в основата на ландшафтно-типологична диференциация и съответстваща й регионализация, като на българска територия Източните Родопи се отделят в самостоятелна регионална единица от ранг подобласт на широкообхватната териториална единица от по-висок ранг Южнобългарска планинско-котловинна област. Разнообразната и специфична природа на Източните Родопи се опазва посредством многобройните, обявени за защитени територии и обекти, местообитания на типични или редки и застрашени от изчезване видове растения и животни, както и находища на представителни феномени от геоложкото наследство и морфоскулптурата на релефа, като съществува и идея голяма част от Източните Родопи да бъде обявена за природен парк.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) and its conservation significance
Antoaneta PETROVA
Petrova A. 2004. Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) and its conservation significance. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 53-118. Abstract. A review of the Flora of Eastern Rhodopes floristic subregion is presented. The list includes 1962 species (50.3% of Bulgarian flora) of 123 families. The 15 largest families are the same as for the country in general, but the arrangement reflects the Mediterranean influence. Analyses of the share of floristic elements confirmed the strong Mediterranean influence. Twenty three (23) Bulgarian, 92 Balkan and 6 Rhodopean endemics are found in the area. Conservation significance of the flora is evaluated and lists of species, included in the 1997 IUCN Red Data List, the Annexes of Habitat Directive, the Bern Convention, the National Red Data Book and protected species are discussed with some information on the chorology and status of their population in the region. Altogether, there are 145 species with conservation value which presence in the region is undoubted. Key words: Eastern Rhodopes, flora, vascular plants, rare species
Introduction Floristically, Bulgaria is one of the richest countries in Europe, especially taking into consideration the area of the country. Vascular flora (without Bryophytes) comprises 3 900 species (PETROVA, 2002). It is considered that Bulgarian flora is well studied with four periods of investigations, which started in the 70s in the XIX century, and after the beginning of the XX century were done mainly by Bulgarian botanists (PEEV et al., 1993). At the same time, a considerable number of taxa, new for the country, have been described as a result of thorough taxonomic or floristic studies during the last decades. This shows that the process of floristic investigation is not finished yet. This is especially true for particular regions of the country. Characteristic for Bulgarian flora is the high percentage of endemic taxa. According to PETROVA (2001), 179 species and 89 subspecies are Bulgarian and 281 species and 12 subspecies are Balkan endemics. In more recent accounts (PETROVA & VELCHEV, in press) 179 species are Bulgarian endemics. Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae and Rosaceae are the families with the highest number of endemic taxa. Considering the genera, richest in endemic taxa are Centaurea, Verbascum, Silene, Anthemis, Alchemilla, Hieracium, Minuartia
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A. PETROVA
and Stachys. The age structure of the endemics is heterogeneous. The relict endemic species are found mostly in the lower mountains and planes, while the neoendemic taxa are concentrated in the higher mountains (VELCHEV et al., 1992). Floristically, the territory of Bulgaria is divided into 20 regions (YORDANOV, 1966). Six of them are additionally divided into 2 or 3 subregions. The Eastern Rhodopes is one of the three subregions of the Rhodopes region. It has to be mentioned that there are some differences in the western and northern boundaries of the Eastern Rhodopes floristic region and the geographical ones. The boundaries of the floristic regions are not precisely described (YORDANOV, 1966; KOZHUCHAROV, 1983) but generally the difference is that the floristic region of the Eastern Rhodopes is smaller than the geographic one. The data in this paper concern the floristic region (Fig. 1). The Eastern Rhodopes flora has not been a subject of monographic study. Until quite recently, this was among the regions of the country for which very limited information existed. The main reasons for this are its remoteness from the centers of botanical science, the complex geomorphology and the poor infrastructure. The fact that the larger part of the region was included in the administrative boundaries of the country at the time of completing the initial accumulation of knowledge for the Bulgarian flora was significant as well. The data from the first investigation of Bulgarian botanists in the region found place in the first edition of Flora of Bulgaria (STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1924a). Then, for quite a long period of time, a number of botanists undertook short field studies in the region. A significant number of floristic contributions on some new for the country or science species is the result of such studies: STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1924b; STOJANOV, 1932; ACHTAROV, 1932; STOJANOV et al., 1934; YORDANOV, 1938-39; STEFANOV & NEDJALKOV; 1956; STEFANOV, 1966; DELIPAVLOV, 1961, 1988, 1990;
Fig. 1. Eastern Rhodopes Floristic subregion (based on YORDANOV, 1966)
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
55
BONDEV et al., 1967; DELIPAVLOV & DIMITROV, 1972; PANOV, 1975a; MARKOVA & CHERNEVA, 1984; VELCHEV et al., 1989; etc. Until very recently, the only more comprehensive publication on the region was that of KITANOV (1943), which deals with a comparatively not large area in the north-east part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Considering the distribution of some rare species in the region (as well as their conservation), the contribution of Stefana Vasileva from Kardjali Museum (VASILEVA & VICHODTSEVSKI, 1974; VASILEVA, 1977; VASILEVA & TODOROVA, 1994) is significant. She has discovered a lot of localities of rare and protected species. In the National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation (BIODIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM, 1994) The Eastern Rhodopes are given as one of the poorly investigated regions in Bulgaria, for which comprehensive studies are recommended. Some projects connected with the flora investigation and biodiversity conservation were undertaken during the last ten years in the region. Within the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme (BSBCP), the areas of priority research interest were established (1995 by A. Petrova and I. Gerasimova) and in 1996 three of them (conventionally named Madjarovo, Byala Reka and Studen Kladenets) were studied. The results are submitted as reports (PETROVA et al., 1997) and they include analyses of the habitats and flora, as well as flora lists and evaluation of the populations of species with a conservation status. Parts of the results are published (PETROVA et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1999; GUSSEV et al., 1998a, 1998b; UZUNOV et al., 2002). It has to be noted that one year is not sufficient for the study of the flora of those regions. Madjarovo area is too large and one of the floristically most interesting places – the rocky massifs around Madjarovo were not studied in details. In the same period, D. Pavlova (with a team) investigated the flora of serpentine rocks in the Rhodopes. In the Eastern Rhodopes (Cherna Planina), the largest serpentine disclosures in the country are found. The results are published (PAVLOVA et al., 1997, 2000, 2001). Since 1991 there have been some studies of the Orchidaceae family in the region (PETROVA, 1995; GERASIMOVA et al. 1998; PETROVA et al., 2001, 2002). These contemporary studies allow the conclusion that there are comparatively detailed floristic data for a part of the Eastern Rhodopes, already published or submitted. But the area of the region is not evenly investigated . Practically, on Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik, Mechkovets, Chukata, Gorata and Irantepe Ridges, Harmanliiska River watershed and some other areas, there are only scattered floristic data.
Material and methods This paper is not a result of a specially planned and systematic floristic study of the whole area of the Eastern Rhodopes. It is rather a generalization of comparatively good knowledge of the region and its flora. There are personal data from the period 1991-2003 with more than 80 flora lists of particular localities or small areas. Altogether, data from 103 days of field work are complied. There were observations during the whole vegetation season, but the main part of the field work was done during the months of May and April.
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The larger part of the personal observations is from the area of Ivaylovgrad and Madjarovo municipalities. There are also a-single-day collections from many other parts of the region. Among these regions are the highest parts – that of Veikata Summit (1463 m alt.), the northern foothills adjacent to the Thracian Plain, Krumovitsa River and Varbitsa River valleys, Ribino karst area, etc. Depositing of herbaria specimens has never been a priority, but in the Herbaria of the Institute of Botany (SOM) there are 946 specimens of over 700 species deposited (part of the specimens in collaboration with I. Gerasimova, R. Vassilev, D. Venkova). Besides personal data, data from the main floristic sources for the Bulgarian flora (STOJANOV et al., 1966-67; YORDANOV, ed. princ., 1964-1995; KOZHUCHAROV, 1992; ASSYOV et al., 2002), as well as data on some species or regions from many publications are used for preparing the List of the Eastern Rhodopes flora. Those publications are: STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1924b, 1948; STOJANOV, 1928, 1932; ACHTAROV, 1932; STOJANOV et al., 1934; YORDANOV, 1938-39; KITANOV, 1943; STEFANOV, 1943, 1954, 1966; STEFANOV & NEDJALKOV, 1956; DELIPAVLOV, 1961, 1988, 1990, 1992; BONDEV et al., 1967; GANCHEV, 1963; STEFANOV, 1966; CHESHMEDZHIEV, 1967; KOZHUCHAROV, 1965; DELIPAVLOV & DIMITROV, 1972; POPOVA, 1972; PETROVA, 1973; VASILEVA & VICHODTZEVSKI, 1974; PANOV, 1975a, 1975b; VASILEVA, 1977; MARKOVA & CHERNEVA, 1984; VITKOVA & KUZMANOV, 1987; VELCHEV et al., 1989; STANEV, 1992; VELCHEV, 1992; DELIPAVLOV & STOJCHEV, 1994; CHERNEVA, 1995; PAVLOVA et al., 1997, 2000; DENCHEV et al., 1997; PETROVA et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1999; GUSSEV et al., 1998; PAVLOVA, 2001; BANCHEVA & DENCHEV, 2000; PETKOVA- VARADINOVA, 2002; UZUNOV et al., 2002; etc. The analyses of floristic elements structure are based on the determination of DIMITROV (in ASSYOV et al., 2002). The similarity between the Eastern Rhodopes Flora and some other floristic regions was estimated by the Soerensen coefficient (cited in GREIG-SMITH, 1964) - K=2c/(a+b), where “c” is the number of common species for both regions, “a” and “b” are the numbers of species in the regions. The sources used for determination of the conservation status of the species are: Red data book (VELCHEV, 1984); Annex 3 – List of protected species in Bulgaria (Biodiversity Act, 2002); IUCN 1997 Red Data List (WALTER & GIULLETT, 1998); The World List of Threatened Trees (OLFIELD et al., 1998); Appendix 1. Flora of the Bern Convention (website, 2003) and Annexes IIb and IVb of the Habitat Directive 92/43 (website 2003).
Flora composition Number of species The flora list of any particular region is a dynamic quantity, not only as a result of natural changes, but also depending on the level of knowledge. The analysis, based on the Guidebook to the Higher Plants in Bulgaria (KOZHUCHAROV, 1992), shows that for 335 species the Eastern Rhodopes are given as a concrete region of distribution. Two hundred eighty nine (289) are the species for which the
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
57
Rhodopes as a whole are given as a region of distribution and 1 147 species are given as distributed in all floristic regions of the country. So, according to this source, which is a today’s generalization of the Bulgarian flora, there are 1 771 species distributed in the Eastern Rhodopes. But it has to be noted that the careful analyses of those 1 147 species, given as distributed in all floristic regions of the country, show that there are species actually absent in some region or subregions. This is especially true for the species, distributed at altitudes above 500, 700 or 1000 m. So, this number of species has to be considered approximate. Another reason for this is the fact that because of many small floristic contributions on the Eastern Rhodopes flora, the data of many of them were not included in KOZHUCHAROV (1992). In Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora (ASSYOV et al., 2002), based on a larger scale on KOZHUCHAROV (1992) and YORDANOV (1964-1995), the data from many floristic contributions were added. Simultaneously, a lot of corrections were made, about species given in KOZHUCHAROV (1992) as distributed in the whole country, based on the vertical distribution of the species. For the Eastern Rhodopes, also data from the different projects during the last 10 years were included. According to this source (ASSYOV et al., 2002), the Eastern Rhodopes flora consists of 1950 species. The above cited Conspectus (ASSYOV et al., 2002) is used as the basis for preparing the List of the Eastern Rhodopes flora in this study (Annex 1). The species, published for the region in some of the above cited publications, as well as some species recently found in the region (PETROVA et al., 2004; Petrova, in prep.) are added. At the same time, some species given in KOZHUCHAROV (1992) as distributed in the whole country are not included in the list. Those are mainly species, found at altitudes higher than these in the Eastern Rhodopes. As a result, in the List of the Eastern Rhodopes flora (Annex 1) 1962 species are included and they are the species analyzed for taxonomic structure of the flora. This is 50.3% of the flora content of the country – a high percentage, especially having in mind the comparatively not so large altitude range. Some speculations on reliability of this number can be made. General information is given in Annex 1 regarding the source on which basis the species is included in the list. There are personal collections (SC) for 1 344 species. For 164 species (Lit. 1) there are literature data with an exact locality in the Eastern Rhodopes. The presence in the region of another 128 species (Lit. 2) is undoubted, for which the Eastern Rhodopes are specially mentioned in the general literature sources (STOJANOV et al., 1966-67; YORDANOV, 1964-1995; KOZHUCHAROV, 1992). For these too groups of species there are also specimens, deposited in Herbaria SOM, SO or SOA. The remaining 327 species in the list (Lit. 3(o) and Lit. 3) are widely distributed in the country, but without concrete data for the Eastern Rhodopes. It is quite possible, because of their geographical position and characters, that some of those common for the country species are not distributed in the Eastern Rhodopes. Although there are many examples, which can be discussed, I will not do this, considering that the aim of the study is the general overview of the flora diversity. On the other hand, although I have tried to collect all the published data for the Eastern Rhodopes Flora, it is possible that some data were neglected. Also, there are undoubtedly species, which have not yet been established for the Eastern Rhodopes. All this allows me to consider that the flora of the region can be estimated at about 1930 - 1980 species.
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The number of species places the area in the second place among the 3 Rhodopean subregions, after the Central Rhodopes. It is considerably larger than the number of species within many f loristic regions in Bulgaria which have similar areas and altitude range – Eastern Balkan Mts., Znepole, Western Frontier Mts., etc. (on the basis of ASSYOV et al., 2002). Taxonomic structure of the flora The one thousand nine hundred sixty two (1962) species, included in the List (see Annex 1) belong to 123 families. This represents 82.6% of all the families within the Bulgarian flora. The systematic affiliation of the families is as follow: Lycopodiophyta Equisetophyta Polypodiophyta Pinophyta Magnoliophyta including: Magnoliopsida Liliopsida
1 family 1 family 8 families 4 families 109 families
1 5 22 10 1 924
species species species species species
89 families 20 families
1 549 species 375 species
The fifteen richest families are shown in Table 1. Asteraceae is the species largest in number of species – 237, followed by Fabaceae – 173 and Poaceae – 163 species. Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Rosaceae, Boraginaceae come next. The numbers of genera and species in each family are given in Annex 1. A comparison with the fifteen richest families in the Bulgarian flora and their percentages (Table 1) show that the families in both lists are the same. Some increase of the Table 1 A comparison between the richest families in the Bulgarian (according to ASSYOV et al., 2002) and Eastern Rhodopes Floras N
Family
Species number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Bulgarian Flora Asteraceae 464 Poaceae 317 Fabaceae 287 Caryophyllaceae 212 Rosaceae 211 Brassicaceae 195 Scrophulariaceae 171 Apiaceae 151 Lamiaceae 146 Ranunculaceae 109 Cyperaceae 108 Boraginaceae 94 Liliaceae 87 Orchidaceae 63 Rubiaceae 58
% 12% 8.2% 7.4% 5.5% 5.5% 5% 4.4% 3.9% 3.8% 2.8% 2.8% 2.4% 2.3% 1.6% 1.5%
N
Family
Species number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7-8 7-8 9 10 11 12 13 14-15 14-15
Eastern Rhodopes Flora Asteraceae 237 Fabaceae 173 Poaceae 163 Lamiaceae 108 Caryophyllaceae 102 Apiaceae 83 Brassicaceae 82 Scrophulariaceae 82 Rosaceae 76 Boraginaceae 58 Ranunculaceae 55 Liliaceae 49 Cyperaceae 48 Orchidaceae 34 Rubiaceae 34
% 12% 8.8% 8.3% 5.5% 5.2% 4.3% 4.2% 4.2% 3.9% 3% 2.8% 2.5% 2.5% 1.7% 1.7%
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Table 2 List of the richest genera in Eastern Rhodopes (with more than 10 species) N
Genus
1 2 3-4 3-4 5-6 5-6 7 8 9-10 9-10 11-12 11-12 13 14-17 14-17 14-17 14-17 18-19
Trifolium Carex Centaurea Hieracium Ranunculus Veronica Silene Vicia Verbascum Galium Allium Lathyrus Euphorbia Bromus Geranium Potentilla Stachys Rosa
Species number 45 31 27 27 26 26 24 23 20 20 19 19 16 15 15 15 15 14
N
Genus
18-19 20-21 20-21 22-25 22-25 22-25 22-25 26-33 26-33 26-33 26-33 26-33 26-33 26-33 26-33 34-35 34-35
Thymus Chenopodium Sedum Anthemis Campanula Hypercicum Salvia Quercus Festuca LInum Medicago Myosotis Orchis Ornithogalum Poa Dianthus Achillea
Species number 14 13 13 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10
percentage of the 3 largest families is a fact, as compared to that for the country. There are differences in the order of families. Fabaceae (second instead of third), Lamiaceae (forth instead of ninth), Apiaceae and Boraginaceae are the fore placed. Rosaceae (9th position compared to the 5th) and Cyperaceae have lower positions. They have lower percentages as well. The changes of the positions reflect the Mediterranean flora influence in the region - the higher share of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae and Boraginaceae is typical for the Mediterranean region, while Rosaceae and Cyperaceae show greater diversity in the northern areas. The families with the greatest genera diversity are Asteraceae (69 genera), Poaceae (68), Apiaceae (40) and Brassicaceae (36). There are 35 genera with diversity of more than 10 species in the region (Table 2). The richest ones are Trifolium – 45 species; Carex – 33; Centaurea – 27; Hieracium – 27; Ranunculus – 26; Veronica – 26; Vicia – 24; Silene – 23; Verbascum – 20; Allium – 19; Galium – 19; Lathyrus – 19. A larger part of them is represented in the area with more than 50% of the total number for the country. The high percentages of the genera Trifolium (75%), Vicia (72.7%), Thymus (70%), Orchis (64.7%), Medicago (64.7%), Salvia (63.2%) etc. are part of the Mediterranean influence in the region. It deserves to be noted that the genera known with a high number of endemics, including local ones, are well represented also: Anthemis (50%), Silene (46%), Verbascum (44.6%), Centaurea (42.6%).
Endemic and relict species There are 23 Bulgarian endemics: Allium rhodopaeum Velen., Oenanthe millefolia Janka, Anthemis orbelica Pančić, Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. et Acht., Anthemis stri-
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brnyi Velen., Anthemis virescens Velen., Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek, Centaurea inermis Velen., Centaurea pseudoaxillaris Stef. et T. Georg., Cirsium stojanovii Kuzmanov, Tragopogon stribrnyi Hayek, Cynoglossum rotatum Velen., Minuartia bulgarica (Velen.) Griseb., Silene velenovskyana Jordanov et Panov, Medicago bondevii Kožuharov, Medicago rhodopea Velen., Quercus thracica Stefanov et Nedelchev., Satureja pilosa Velen., Muscari vandasii Velen., Tulipa rhodopaea Velen., Ranunculus stojanovi Delip., Galium velenovskyi Ančev, Verbascum juruk Stefanov. Of those species, the presence of Anthemis stribrnyi in the region is doubtful – the locality around Latinka Village is actually within the Central Rhodopes floristic region. Cynoglossum rotatum is included in the list on the basis of KOZHUCHAROV (1992), but there are not exact data about its distribution in the region. KOZHUCHAROV (1976) reported Medicago rhodopea for the Eastern Rhodopes (Haskovo area) probably on the basis of URUMOV (1909), but there are no contemporary data. Tulipa rhodopea is a remarkable endemic species, which distribution is mainly within the Central Rhodopes, but it is reported from the area of Harmanli as well (VELCHEV, 1992). Carduus thracicus is a species for which the Eastern Rhodopes are the center of the areal . It is included in the 1997 IUCN Red Data Book (WALTER & GUILLETT, 1998) as rare species. It is considered a Bulgarian endemic (ANCHEV, 1992). It is quite a common plant in the region, including the boundary area with Greece and I supposed that it is distributed in the Greek part of the Rhodopes as well. The same is likely for Anthemis virescens, for which two of the known localities with large populations are close to the Bulgarian-Greece border. There are 6 species, endemic for the Rhodopes: Quercus thracica Stefanov et Nedelchev, Lilium rhodopaeum Delip., Lathraea rhodopea Dingler, Verbascum juruk Stefanov, Verbascum rupestre (Dav.) Fergus., Verbascum spathulisepalum Greuter et Rech. fil. Of them, Quercus thracica has hybrid origin (VELCHEV, 1992). Among the 92 Balkan endemics (see Annex 1) the largest groups are those of Asteraceae – 13 species (Achillea clypeolata Sm., Achillea grandiflora Friv., Anthemis tenuiloba (DC.) Fernan., Centaurea cuneifolia Sibth. et Sm., Centaurea palidior Halacsy, Inula aschersoniana Janka, Hieracium pannosum Boiss., Tragopogon balcanicus Velen., etc.) and Caryophyllaceae – 13 species (Cerastium decalvans Schlosser, Dianthus moesiacus Vis. et Pančić, Dianthus cruentus Griseb., Dianthus tristis Velen., Minuartia garckeana (Ascherson et Graebner) Mattf., Moenchia gracea Boiss. et Heldr., Silene frivalskyana Hampe, etc.). The next families are: Scrophulariaceae – 9 species (Digitalis viridiflora Lindley, Melampyrum scardicum Wettst., Lathraea rhodopaea Dingler, Verbascum adrianapolitanum Podp., Verbascum rorripifolium (Halacsy) Fergus., etc.); Lamiaceae – 8 species (Micromeria dalmatica Bentham, Betonica haussknechtii Uechtr. ex Hausskn., Stachys serbica Pančić, Stachys cretica L., etc.); Fabaceae – 8 species (Astracantha thracica (Griseb.) Podl., Chamaecytisus ansinthioides (Janka) Kuzmanov, Genista rumelica Velen., Onobrychis degenii Dхrfler, Trifolium trichopterum Pančić, etc.), Apiaceae – 5 species (Bupleurum apiculatum Friv., Bupleurum flavum Forssk., Peucedanum vitijugum Boiss., etc.); Dipsacaceae – 4, Boraginaceae – 4, Campanulaceae – 3, Hypericaceae – 3 species and others. Compared with the number of species for the region, the percentage of endemic component is 5.9%. This is lower than the percentage of endemic component for the
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
61
country as a whole (VELCHEV, 1992). The possible explanation is the lack of distinct centers of speciation, as well as lack of biosystematic studies of the region. According to the literature sources (STEFANOV, 1943; VELCHEV, 1992), 28 species are of relict character, mainly tertiary ones: Taxus baccata L., Staphylea pinnata L., Celtis australis L., Platanus orientalis L., Ilex aquifolium L., Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., Trapa natans L. Speciation of Acer heldreichii Orph., Lathraea rhodopaea Dingler, Astracantha thracica (Griseb.) Podl. has been connected with the end of the Tertiary period. The predominant numbers of relict species are found in the forest communities, mainly mesophytic ones.
Floristic elements Analyses of the floristic elements and their share show phytogeographical affiliations of particular Flora representatives. Here, the assignation of the species follow the determination of DIMITROV (in ASSYOV et al., 2002), with a few additions and changes. One thousand nine hundred fifty one (1951) species out of total 1962 belong to 43 groups (Annex 2). Of them, 15 groups are with more than 20 species (more than 1%). The groups with more than 100 species (>5%) are 7. To make the situation more clear, an attempt to consolidate the species in main groups of floristic elements according to the system of GAJIĆ (1984) is made, but the groups Euro-Mediterranean (Euro-Med) and Ponto-Mediterranean (Pont-Med), as used by Dimitrov, are kept separated, not united in any of the main groups. The results of this consolidation are presented in Table 3. As it is seen from the diagram (Fig. 2), the largest main group is that of Mediterranean species with more than one third of the total species content – 759 species. Here, 12 groups are united. Naturally, the biggest one is that of submediterranean species – 311 (16%), as the Eastern Rhodopes lie completely within the Submediterranean floristic zone. Some of the main woody species in the region are in this group of floristic elements: Carpinus orientalis Miller, Quercus cerris L., Quercus frainetto Ten., Pinus nigra Arnold, Acer monspessulanus L., Cornus mas L., Fraxinus ornus L., Cornus sanguinea L., etc. Submediterranean floristic elements are common and abundant species in the area. Table 3 Main groups of floristic elements (based on Annex 2) and their share in the Eastern Rhodopes Flora Group of floristic elements Mediterranean (Med) Euro-Asiatic (Euras) Circumpolaris (Circumpol) Euro-Mediterranean (Euro-Med) Centraleuropean (CEur) Ponto-Mediterranean (Pont-Med) Ponto-Celnralasiatic (Pont-CAs) Cosmopolitic (Cosm) Adventous (Adv)
Species number 759 312 297 208 145 74 70 73 18
% 38.9% 16% 15.2% 10.6% 7.4% 3.8% 3.6% 3.7% 0.9%
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A. PETROVA
The group of Mediterranean species proper is large – 220 (11.3%). This has to do with the geographical position of the region, as well as with the open character of the vegetation. Among the Mediterranean species are some woody ones, in some cases established with only a single locality or even a single individual: Pinus halepensis Miller ssp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe, Eriolobus trilobata M. J. Roemer, Arbutus andrachne L., (these in Bulgaria are found only in the Eastern Rhodopes), Arbutus unedo L., Quercus coccifera L., Quercus brachyphylla Kotschy etc. Phyllirea latifolia L. forms small communities, mainly in Byala River Valley . Plant communities with Mediterranean dominant species are also those of Cistus incanus L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L. A lot of geophytes also belong to the group of Mediterranean floristic elements: Romulea linaresii Parl. ssp. graeca Beguinot, Crocus olivieri J. Gay, Gagea chrysantha (Jan.) Schultes et Schultes fil., Serapias vomeraceae (Burm.) Briq., Orchis laxiflora Lam., Orchis provincialis Balbis, Aristolochia rotunda L., Scorsonera lanata (L.) Hoffm. The presence of aromatic Mediterranean species (Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichenb., Thymus atticus Čelak., Thymus leucotrichus Halacsy, Salvia pinnata L., etc.) and spring ephemeral species is typical as well. The richness of Mediterranean species in the Eastern Rhodopes floristic subregion for Bulgaria is comparable only with that of Southern Struma Valley, Southern Black sea coast and Thracian Plane. The third considerable part of this main group is the Balkan floristic element – 115 species (5.9%), as it was already discussed. Balkan endemic species are mainly components of xerophytic and mesophytic herbal communities (Anthemis rumelica, Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek, Centaurea inermis Velen., Dianthus tristis Velen., Medicago bondevii Kožuharov, Medicago rhodopea Velen., Onobrychis degenii Dörfler, Trifolium trichopterum Pančić, Achillea clypeolata Sm., Sesleria latifolia (Adam.) Degen, etc.) but some are found in the forests (Abies borisii-regis Mattf., Lathraea rhodopaea Dingler, Digitalis viridiflora Lindley, Oenanthe millefolia Janka, etc.) or stony terrains (Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., Polygala rhodopea (Velen.) Janchen, Verbascum rupestre (Dav.) Fergus., Galium velenovskyi Ančev, etc.).
Pont-Cas - 3.6% Kos - 3.7% Pont-Med - 3.8%
Adv - 1% Euras
Ceur -7.4%
Circumpol
Med s.s. - 11.3%
Euro-Med Ceur
Euro-Med - 10.6%
Pont-Med Pont-Cas
Med 38.9%
subMed - 16%
Kos Adv Med
Bal - 5.9% Circumpol - 15.2% Others - 5.8%
Med s.s. subMed Bal Others
Euras - 16%
Fig. 2. A diagram of the main groups of Floristic elements
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
63
Not large, but nevertheless characteristic, are the groups of Pontic, Anatolian and Asiatic floristic elements. Examples of such species are Genista anatolica Boiss., Symphytum ottomanum Friv., Verbascum xanthophoeniceum Griseb., Cynanchum acutum L., Cleome ornithopodioides L., Stefanoffia daucoides (Boiss.) H. Wolff, Covolvulus boissieri Steud., etc. The spectrum of floristic elements (Fig. 2) shows the great share of the species with wide distribution – Euroasian, Circumpolar, Cosmopolitan. This has to do with the diversity of ecological conditions in the territory, the altitude range, the diversity of habitats and vegetation types and the long history of human activity in the region.
Biological spectrum of the flora The numbers of species according to biological types are as follow: Biological type
Species number
Woody species Including: Trees Shrubs Woody climbers Semishrubs Perennial herbs Including: Geophytes climbers Biannual herbs Annual herbs Annual – Biannual herbs Annual – Perennial herbs
%
168 75 86 5 17 1051 135 6 69 545 68 20
8.6% 3.8% 4.3% 0.25% 0.9% 53.7% 6.9% 0.3% 3.55% 28.7% 3.5% 1%
This spectrum is close to the spectrum of the country as a whole. More than 50% of the species are perennial herbs (Fig. 3) and 27.8% are annuals. The percentage of geophytes is a relatively high one. This is one more character, which results from the Mediterranean floristic influence. T rees
Trees- 3.8% Ann.-Peren. - 1% Ann.-Biann. - 3.5% Annuals - 27.8%
Shrubs
Shrubs - 4.3%
Woody climbers - 0.2% semiShrubs - 0.9% Epiph. parasites - 0.1%
Woody climbers semi Shrubs Epiph. Parasites Perennials Biannual Annuals Annuals-Biannuals
Biannuals - 3.5%
Annuals-Perennials
Perennials - 54.8%
Fig. 3. Biological spectrum of the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
64
A. PETROVA Similarity with other floristic regions in Bulgaria
A comparison of the Eastern Rhodopes flora with some other floristic regions is made. The presence of species in other floristic regions is based on ASSYOV et al. (2002). This led to some approximation, as the data for the Eastern Rhodopes are more accurate. Sorensen’s coefficients for pairs with the neighboring regions (or subregions) is as follows: Eastern Rhodopes / Central Rhodopes - 0.63 Eastern Rhodopes / Thracian Plane - 0.69 Eastern Rhodopes / Tundja Hilly Plane - 0.72. As it is seen, the flora of the region is more similar to that of the Thracian Plain and Tundja Hilly Plain than to that of the Central Rhodopes. This has to do with the presence of common for the Eastern Rdodopes, Thracian Plane and Tundja Hilly Plane species of Mediterranean, Pontic or Anatolian elements, which inhabit lower altitudes and disperse along the watershed of large rivers (Maritsa, Tunszha and Arda). Examples are: Genista anatolica Boiss., Stefanoffia daucoides (Boiss.) H. Wolff, Bupleurum flavum Forssk., Allium cyrilli Ten., Papaver rumelicum Velen., Centaurea inermis Velen., etc. There are also many species with a Mediterranean origin, common for those 3 regions and found also in some or all other southern floristic regions in Bulgaria with strong Mediterranean floristic influence (Struma Valley, Strandja Mountain, Mesta Valley, Southern Black Sea coast). Such species are: Echium plantagineum L., Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Miller, Lagoecia cuminoides L., Lupinus graecus Boiss. et Spruner, Gagea chrysantha (Jan.) Schultes et Schultes f., Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb., Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss., Avena barbata Pott. ex Link., Coronilla cretica L., Briza humilis Bieb., Arrhenantherum palaestinum Boiss., Romulea linaresii Parl., etc. The evaluation of Sorensen’s coefficient for some more pairs of regions is: Eastern Rhodopes / Strandja Mts - 0.70 Eastern Rhodopes / Struma Valley - 0.69 Eastern Rhodopes / Pirin Mts. - 0.59 Smaller similarity coefficients with the Central Rhodopes and Pirin Mts. are natural as a result of different altitude range and significant numbers of endemic taxa in those regions.
Conservation significance of the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes The rarity of the species has a different nature – species with a limited areal, species with low density of the populations, species which inhabit very specific and local habitats, etc. (RABINOVICH, 1981). In connection with this, as well as with changes in the nature and in the level of our knowledge, there is a continuing process of updating the Red Lists, Lists of Endangered Species, Lists of Protected Species, etc.
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
65
In the next chapter the taxa, included in the different international and national lists of species with conservation value, will be presented. Some general information about their status is given in Annex 1 also.
IUCN lists In today’s IUCN list (electronic version) the process of evaluation of European species is still not completed and there are no species of the Eastern Rhodopes in it. In the 1997 IUCN Red Data List (WALTER & GUILLETT, 1998), which in my opinion evaluated rather well Bulgarian species of global significance, there are 14 species of Eastern Rhodopes flora. The presence of two species in the category “Vulnerable” - Tulipa rhodopaea Velen. and Ranunculus fontanus C. Presl. is not confirmed with exact locality data. Twelve (12) species are with in the Rare category: Anthemis orbelica Pančić, Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. et Acht., Anthemis stribrnyi Velen., Anthemis virescens Velen., Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek, Alkanna primuliflora Griseb., Alkanna stribrnyi Velen., Trachellium rumelianum Hampe, Medicago rhodopea Velen., Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb., Lilium rhodopaeum Delip., Lathraea rhodopea Dingler. This number comprises 12.6% of the 95 species of Bulgarian flora, included in the 1997 IUCN Red Data List. Anthemis orbelica was reported from Kardjali area (KUZMANOV, 1984). There are no other recent data. Anthemis rumelica is known from few localities, including some contemporary data (PETROVA et al. 1997). As I suggested earlier, it is not sure that Anthemis stribrnyi is found in the Eastern Rhodopes. Anthemis virescens is presented with some stable populations (UZUNOV et al., 2002; personal observations in the area of Chakalarovo Village). Carduus thracicus (see 1.3) has the center of its areal in the Eastern Rhodopes and is a rather frequent plant in the area. Alkanna primuliflora is found in a few areas (Momchilgrad, Lambuch Village, above Mezek Village), but Alkanna stribrnyi was only recently found in the area of Momchilgrad (PETROVA et al., 2004). Trachelium rumelianum forms a large population on the limestone rocky areas near Oreshari, Dolno Cherkovishte and Strandjevo villages (PETROVA et al., 1998). I suppose that the report on Medicago rhodopea from Haskovo area (KOZHUCHAROV, 1976) was done possibly on the basis of URUMOV (1909). There are no more recent data, but generally the northern slopes of the Eastern Rhodopes are poorly studied. Fritillaria pontica is quite a common species in the region, with many stable populations, especially in the mesophytic forests in Byala River Valley. Lilium rhodopaeum has 2 populations in the area of Veikata Summit, one with about 500 individuals and second with only 33 plants. The Rhodopean paleondemic Lathraea rhodopea has its main areal in the Eastern Rhodopes. The studies in recent years cited above, and a lot of personal observation show a relatively wide distribution in appropriate habitats – mesophityc forests, especially in river valleys. Most of the populations are small in number. Numerous populations were observed only in beech forests on the slopes of Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik Ridge.
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A. PETROVA
Eriolobus trilobata J.M. Roemer is included in the World List of Threatened Trees (Olfield & al., 1998) as a rare species. In Bulgaria, there are 2 trees, both in the area of Belopolyane Village. Both are declared as protected trees. Formerly, one more tree existed in the Likana locality (near the fountain), south of Svirachi Village (STOJANOV et al., 1955), but it died after a road reconstruction in the 80es.
Habitat Directive (92/43 EEC, Website version 2003) Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) Sprengel was included recently in Annex IIb of the directive. It has populations in many limestone areas (I have observations on 9 ones – GERASIMOVA & PETROVA, 2003), of which those in the region of Ivaylovgrad are of significant numbers – usually between 300 and 500 individuals (PETROVA et al., 2001). Gladiolus palustris Gaudin was reported recently for the Eastern Rhodopes (PETROVA & al., 1999) near Madjarovo. Echium russicum J.F. Gmelin is among the species, which some of the main sources for Bulgarian flora give as distributed in the whole country (KOZHUCHAROV, 1992, ASSYOV et al., 2002). The more accurate investigation of its distribution, according to the particular published data and specimens, which are deposited in Herbaria, convinced me that the distribution pattern given by ANDREEV & PEEV (1989) is more accurate. So, at this stage I do not consider Echium russicum a member of the Eastern Rhodopes Flora. However, this is a species, which deserves to be looked for, because due to the superficial similarity of E. russicum to Echium vulgare and the commonness of the latter one, it is possible for E. russicum to be omitted.
Bern Convention for Conservation of European wildlife and Natural Habitats There are 5 species listed in Appendix 1, found in the Eastern Rhodopes with exact localities: Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., Lilium rhodopaeum Delip., Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) Sprengel, Orchis provincialis Balbis, Trapa natans L. Those are 10.4% of the all representatives of Bulgarian Flora. The localities of Haberlea rhodopensis in the Eastern Rhodopes are along Arda River and some are unique – on volcanic rocks instead of typical limestone. Orchis provincialis was reported for Bulgaria for the first time from Strandja Mts. (STOJANOV & STEFANOV, 1921), but since then it has not been found there. VASILEVA & VICHOTZEVSKI (1974) made the second report from the area of Chakalarovo Village in the Eastern Rhodopes. The few known populations are in the region of Chakalarovo and Kirkovo villages (PETROVA et al., 2002; TRIFONOV, 2003) and all are small in numbers (the largest known population is with 25 plants). The tertiary relict species Trapa natans was recently found for the first time in the Eastern Rhodopes (PETROVA et al., 2004) in an artificial pond near Arda River in the area of Dolno Cherkovishte Village. There are two species in Appendix 1, Typha schutleworthii Koch et Sonder and Ranunculus fontanus C. Presl., which occurrence in the Eastern Rhodopes is doubtful.
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
67
Red Data Book of Bulgaria The first Red Data Book of Bulgaria was issued 20 years ago (VELCHEV, 1984). Today, after a lot of new taxa for Bulgaria have been described , the status of many species changed, and new data for others established, this source is quite out of the day. At the same time, according to professional botanists, there are not many species, included in the 1984 Red Data Book, which will not be included in the next version, which is at an early stage of preparation. The categories accepted in 1984 are: Extinct, Endangered and Rare. According to the edition (VELCHEV, 1984), there are no Extinct or Possibly extinct species, distributed in the Eastern Rhodopes. There are 18 species in the category Endangered (see Annex 1). Of them, 13 are with reliable localities: Anemone silvestris L., Eriolobus trilobata M. J. Roemer, Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L., Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichenb., Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass., Quercus thracica Stefanov et Nedelchev, Ranunculus stojanovi Delip., Ruta graveolens L., Taxus baccata L., Verbascum humile Janka, Verbascum juruk Stefanov, Verbascum rupestre (Dav.) Fergus., Veronica grisebachii Walters. Anemone silvestris was recently found as a new species for the Rhodopes in the area of Kirkovo Village (PETROVA et al., 2004) with a small population. The rare Mediterranean Eriolobus trilobata is discussed earlier. The annual Hippocrepis unisiliquosa forms few small populations in Ivaylovgrad area. My observations show that only one of them, in the foothill of Dupcata place, supports stable numbers through the years. The Mediterranean Micromeria juliana in Bulgaria is found only in the Eastern Rhodopes with 2 (?4) localities in the area of Gugutka and Zhelezari villages (PAVLOVA, 2001, UZUNOV et al., 2002 and data from Herbaria). Another Mediterranean species is Pallenis spinosa. In the Eastern Rhodopes it is found only in Ivaylovgrad area (DELIPAVLOV, 1988; PETROVA et al., 2004) with small scattered populations. Quercus thracica, represented with a singular tree near Srandak Village, has a hybrid origin (STEFANOV & NEDYALKOV, 1956; VELCHEV, 1992). Two populations are known for Ruta graveolens in the area of Ivantsi and Stremtsi villages near Kardjali (RUSSAKOVA & VITKOVA, 1996). Taxus baccata was found for the first time in the area of Oreshari Village (PETROVA et al., 1998) and later on in the area of Maglenik Ridge (UZUNOV et al., 2002). Its populations are comparatively small ones (up to 40 individuals), but all are in protected areas. The Balkan endemic Verbascum humile is rather common in the region, both on limestone and siliceous rocky and stony places, with some very spacious and numerous populations (especially in Madjarovo, Studen Kladenets and Sredna Arda areas). Without any doubt, the category of this species will change in the next Red Data List. The local Eastern Rhodopean endemic Verbascum juruk is known only from the original locality near Gorni Urutzi (STEFANOV, 1966; STEFANOVA-GATEVA, 1995). Verbascum rupestre is a well differentiated species, endemic for the Rhodopes, which speciation has to do with the Arda River Valley. It is a strongly chasmophytic and this determines its population structure with dispersed individuals in large rocks. Up to now,
68
A. PETROVA
6 populations have been found, the large ones being in Sredna Arda and Meden Kamak (Kovan Kaja) rocky areas. The small annual Veronica grisebachii has been found few times in Kardjali and Krumovgrad areas, but there are no recent data. There are 5 more endangered species, given for the Eastern Rhodopes without exact locality data, for which I have no personal observations (Galanthus nivalis L., Gynoglossum rotatum Velen., Isolepis supina (L.) R. Br., Tulipa rhodopaea Velen. and Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss.). As for Galanthus nivalis, I think that it is given for the area instead of Galanthus elwesii. All my observations are of Galanthus elwesii. Also, there are no herbaria data on Galanthus nivalis from the Eastern Rhodopes. Isolepis supina was collected by Kitanov (SO 29 487) in 1941, east of Mezek Village (Thracian Plane), but I could not find data on the Eastern Rhodopes. KOZHUCHAROV (1992) gave Cynoglossum rotatum for the whole Rdodopes, but I was able to find data only on the Western part. Another species for which I could not find data is Goniolimon tataricum (included in the list on the basis of ASSYOV et al., 2002). There are 113 species (included here in Annex 1) in the Rare category, according to VELCHEV (1984), for which in different sourced there are data on their distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes. I have personal observations on 61 species of them. For another 40 species there are data with exact localities or areas and herbaria specimens – so their presence in the Eastern Rhodopes Flora is undoubted. I will not comment here on all these species, but I will mention some of them, for which the Eastern Rhodopes are important on a global or national scale, and which are not noted in the former paragraphs. The main part of the world areal of Saponaria stranjensis Jordanov lies in the Eastern Rhodopes. There are some scattered populations; the biggest one is near Gorno Lukovo Village. Oenanthe millefolia Janka is considered a Bulgarian endemic. The literature and herbaria data are scarce. Actually, the species have many populations, some of which, near Senoklas, Rumelia and Kirkovo villages, are significant in number. My opinion is that it is very likely to find them in the Greek part of the mountain as well. In the area of Maglenishki and Gyumyundjinski Snezhnik Ridges large parts of the world populations of Anthemis virescens Velen. and Betonica haussknechtii Uechtr. ex Hausskn are found. The beech forests in those highest parts of the Eastern Rhodopes are important for the conservation of rare tertiary relict species Ilex aquifolium, as well as for Fritillaria pontica and other species. The distribution of the Balkan-anatolian Convolvulus boissieri Steudel ssp. parnassicus (Boiss. et Orph.) Kuzm. in Bulgaria is limited only to the Eastern Rhodopes. A few populations exist. Of them, those near Djebel railway station (personal observations) and near Zhalti Chal Village (UZUNOV et al., 2002) are numerous. Adianthum capilus-veneris L. has a large areal, part of its northern boundary lying in Bulgaria with a few isolated localities. Two of them are in the Eastern Rhodopes and are protected – near Kardjali (VASILEVA & TODOROVA, 1994) and near Oreshari Village (PETROVA et al., 1998). The study of the flora of the serpentine areas near Fotinovo and Dobromirtsi villages (PAVLOVA, 2001) confirms the present distribution of Asplenium cuneifolium Viv. in Bulgaria.
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
69
The locality of Oenanthe lachenalii Gmel. near Planinets Village (PETROVA et al., 1998) is the only one in the country, for which there are recent data. The following species have most of their localities in the country in the Eastern Rhodopes: Serapias vomeraceae (Burm.) Briq., Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp., Stefanoffia daucoides (Boiss.) H. Wolff, Smyrnium rotundofolium Mill., Nigella oriеntalis L., Geranium macrostylum Boiss. Serapias vomeraceae has 4-5 populations on the slopes near Bezhantzi, Cherna Cherkva, Zhalti Chal, Gorno Lukovo villages and one more near Kostilkovo Village (VASILEVA & TODOROVA, 1994, UZUNOV et al., 1998 and personal observations). For Stefanoffia daucoides the literature and herbaria data are scarce. I have a lot of observations in the area of Madjarovo Town, Sredna Arda, Potochnitsa, Zhalti Bryag, Dabovets, Efrem, Elena, Oreshari villages, etc. Some of the populations, especially in Madjarovo area are numerous and with high density. The populations of Nigella oriеntalis, Geranium macrostylum (PETROVA et al., 1998a, 1999) are singular and small in numbers. The region is of national importance for Aristolochia rоtunda L. It inhabits mesophytic and hygromesopyitic meadows, which are a rare habitat in the region. All 4 population I have observed (near Valche Pole, Malko Bryagovo, Selska Polyana and Zhalti Bryag villages) are small ones. One of 2 localities of Urospermum picroides (L.) F. W. Smidt, reported up to now for the country is in the Eastern Rhodopes (DELIPAVLOV & STOICHEV, 1994), but there are no data about the size of population. Until recently, Erica arborea L. has been known only from Strandja Mts. The single locality in the area of Gorno Lukovo Village is a very small one (PETROVA et al., 1998). Altogether, of the 763 species, included in Red Data Book of Bulgaria, 114 (15%) have reliable localities in the Eastern Rhodopes.
Protected species In Annex 3 (protected species ) of the 2002 Biodiversity Act, there are 91 species for which there are some data on distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes. All the species with type of sources (respectively reliability) are cited in Annex 1 of this study. For 82 of them, data for the Eastern Rhodopes are undoubted. I will not discuss all these protected species here. For many of them, some general information about distribution or population status in the Eastern Rhodopes was presented above. It is important to note, that with the exception of Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek, all species included in the International lists (1997 IUCN Red List of Plants, World List of Threatened Trees, Annexes IIb and IVb of Habitat Directive, Appendix 1 of the Bern Convention) are protected. I shall discuss briefly only some protected species, which are not included in the Red Data Book because they were recently discovered for the region or their conservation significance was recognized only recently. Both Arbutus andrachne L. and Arbutus unedo L. are common species in the Mediterranean, but in Bulgaria there are only single trees (VELCHEV et al., 1989; PETROVA et
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A. PETROVA
al., 1999; RADKOV, 2003), in the Eastern Rhodopes in the vicinities of Mandritsa, Kostilkovo, Dolno Lukovo and Gorno Lukovo villages. Salvia pinnata L. and Cephalanthera epipactoides Fischer et C.A. Meyer are East Mediterranean – Anatolian species with local distribution. In Bulgaria, both have singular localities between Svirachi and Mandritsa villages (MARKOVA & CHERNEVA, 1984, PETROVA, 1995). The population of Cephalanthera epipactoides is studied demographically (PETROVA et al., 2001), but there are no recent data for Salvia pinnata. There are also 11 species of orchids protected, among them all 3 species of the genus Ophrys: Ophrys cornuta Stev. ex M. Bieb., Ophrys mammosa Desf., Ophrys apifera L. The last one (GERASIMOVA et al., 1998) and Spiranthes spyralis (L.) Shevall. are rare and with small populations. The Balkan endemic Salix xanthicola Christ. has a local distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes and Thrace. For Bulgaria it was reported with one locality in Krumovgrad area (ZIELINSKI, 1992), but recently some more have been found (PETROVA et al., 2004, Cherneva, pers. comm.). Up to now the Rhodopean endemic Verbascum spathulisepalum Greuter et Rech. f. has been reported from 2 localities in Maglenik Ridge (STEFANOVA-GATEVA, 1995, UZUNOV et al., 2002). Romulea linaresii Parl. ssp. graeca Beguinot, confirmed for the country a few years ago (PETROVA et al., 1998a), has a lot of localities in the vicinities of Fotinovo, Kirkovo, Malinovo, Senoklas villages. Another protected species of Mediterranean origin, found recently near Chakalarovo Village, is Gagea chrysantha (Jan.) Schultes et Schultes fil., (PETROVA et al., 2004). Quercus coccifera L is rare for Bulgaria and it is also protected. Near Sredna Kayaloba Village it forms a small open shrub community with other woody species, but there are 3 trees near the mosque. The two Mediterranean species of Silene are protected as well: Silene cretica L. and Silene lydia Boiss. The latter species was reported few years ago (PETROVA et al., 1999), based on a very small population near Gorno Lukovo Village. Recently some more populations, larger in number, have been found near Meden Buk Village (Dimitrov, SOM 158115) and Elena and Zhalti Bryag villages in the Thracian Plain (Petrova, SOM 158933, SOM 158568). A Balkan endemic with local distribution and only one locality in the Eastern Rhodopes (near Silen Village) is Astracantha thracica (Griseb.) Podl. Among the species, which were declared protected for the first time in 2002, is Tulipa australis. It is reported by KITANOV (1943) near Sheitanovets (Kurt kale) peak. Altogether, the reliably known protected species in the Eastern Rhodopes are 14.2% of the protected plant species in Bulgaria.
Species, distributed in Bulgaria only in the Eastern Rhodopes In terms of category, these are species, which have no legal or formal conservation status, but I think that they deserve to be noted. There are 22 such species: Malabayla aurea (Sibth. et Sm.) Boiss., Hieracium densiflorum Tausch., Legousia pentagonia (L.) Thell., Sedum confertiflorum Boiss., Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC., Arbutus andrachne L., Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L., Quercus thracica Stefanov et Nedelchev, Iris aphylla L., Mi-
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
71
cromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichenb., Salvia pinnata L., Thymus bracteosus Vis. et Bentham, Linum strictum L., Lythrum thymifolia L., Cephalanthera epipactoides Fischer et C. A. Meyer, Pinus halepensis Miller ssp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe, Apera interrupta (L.) Beauv., Bromus intermedius Guss., Eriolobus trilobata J. M. Roemer, Galium scabrifolium (Boiss.) Hausskn., Verbascum juruk Stefanov, Verbascum spathulisepalum Greuter et Rech. f., Veronica grisebachii Walters. As it is evident, most of them are included in the Red Data Book (VELCHEV, 1984) or are protected. They will all be evaluated for their Bulgarian conservation status in the currently ongoing process of preparing the National Red Data List of Plants.
Conclusion The Rhodopes are the richest floristic region in Bulgaria with 2483 species (ASSYOV et al., 2002). Analyses show that the Eastern Rhodopes flora comprises 1 930-1 980 species (the list here includes 1 962 species) and this places the area in the second place among the 3 Rhodopean subregions, after the Central Rhodopes. Members of 123 families (83% of the families, represented in Bulgarian flora) are found there. Taking into consideration the smaller altitude range and the lack of some types of habitats in the region (for example halophytic and psammophytic ones), these numbers place the Eastern Rhodopes among the floristically richest areas in the country. The 15 richest families in the region are the same as for the country, but there are significant changes in the ordering. They have to do with the geographical position and the strong Mediterranean influence. The share of Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae and Boraginaceae is goes up, while that of Cyperaceae and Rosaceae goes down. The percentage of endemic component (both Bulgarian and Balkan endemics) is 5.9%. This is lower than the percentage of endemic component for the country as a whole, which according to PETROVA (2001) is 11.6%. The possible explanation is the lack of distinct centers of speciation, although the lack of biosystematic studies of the region may be important as well. The presence of endemic species of the genera Verbascum, Anthemis and Centaurea is significant. In phytogeographical terms, the flora composition is complex. Among the main groups, the largest is that of Mediterranean floristic elements. In a more strict sense, Submediterranean species prevail within this main group, but Mediterranean and Balkan elements have significant parts as well. The great share of species of wide distribution – Euroasian, Circumpolar and Cosmopolitan, has to do with the diversity of ecological conditions in the territory, the altitude range, the diversity of habitats and vegetation types and the long history of human activity in the region. There are no analyses of the neighboring regions in the country, therefore just a general comparison is made on the basis of common species for pairs of regions. It shows that in this aspect the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes has more similarities with the Tundja Hilly Plain and Thracian Plain than with the Central Rhodopes. The summary of species, included in different lists of conservationally significant species: the 1997 IUCN Red Data List (WALTER & GUILLETT, 1998); Annex IIb and Annex IVb of the Habitat Directive 42/93; Appendix 1 of the Bern Convention, the
72
A. PETROVA
National Red Data Book List (VELCHEV, 1984) and the List of Protected Species (Appendix 3. of the Biodiversity Act (2002) establish 145 species of conservation value which presence in the area is undoubted. This means 7.4% of such species, which is a considerable share of the Flora. There are 16 more species, given for the Eastern Rhodopes in the main sources on Bulgarian flora, for which there are no exact data about localities in the region. The numbers in each group of species distinguished above, clearly indicate the significance of the conservation of the Eastern Rhodopes flora , with a view to the conservation of the richness and the diversity of the Bulgarian flora. For each group of conservational significant species, the percentage of the species reliably known for the Eastern Rhodopes, compared to that for the country, is higher than the percentage of the area of the Eastern Rhodopes compared with the area of the country. Species with conservation status are distributed all over the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes. On the basis of the so far very insufficient data, areas with higher concentration of endemic, rare and protected species are: 1. the area of Ivaylovgrad Town - Kamilski Dol Village – Svirachi – Belopolyane – Mandritsa – Dolno Lukovo villages; 2. Arda River Valley with the rocky massifs near Madjarovo Town, Oreshari Village, Studen Kladenets, Sredna Arda, Zhelezni Vrata; 3. the northern slopes of Maglenik and Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik Ridges, where there is a significant richness of relict and endemic species; 4. Byala River Valley; 5. the areas of Kardjali and Momchilgrad towns. Parts of those areas are protected, but in many cases the data on plant diversity are insuffient (STOICHEV & PETROVA, 2003). In conclusion, the review of the Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes shows its richness, complexity and conservation importance. Summarizing the information, makes clear the insufficient and very uneven investigation of the region. It is important, both from the conservation and fundamental viewpoint, to do a detailed study of the flora of the rocky massifs in the Arda River Valley. Such study will not only show the main features of the genesis of the flora of the region, but also ensure reliable information on the up-to-date status of a significant number of relict, endemic, rare and threatened species. The inventory studies of the plant communities and the flora of the century beech and oak forests in the region are important, as are the studies in the northern slopes of the Mountain.
Acknowledgements The author acknowledge BSBCP and National Fund for Scientific Research for their financial support for some field studies. Thanks also to I. Gerasimova, D. Venkova, R. Vasilev, G. Gerasimov, Ch. Christov, V. Trifonov, I. Nikolov and K. Krumov who have accompanied me during some field trips.
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
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Annex 1 Flora of Eastren Rhodopes List of species with sources (generally), conservation and endemic status Family, Species
1 Aceraceae (1/8) Acer campestre L. Acer heldreichii Orph. Acer hyrcanum Fischer et C. A. Meyer Acer monspessulanum L. Acer negundo L. Acer platanoides L. Acer pseudoplatanus L. Acer tataricum L. Adiantaceae (1/1) Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Adoxaceae (1/1) Adoxa moschatelina L. Alismataceae (1/4) Alisma gramineum Lej. Alisma lanceolatum With. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sagittaria sagitifolia L. Alliaceae (1/19) Allium atroviolaceum Boiss. Allium carinatum L. Allium cirrhosum Vandas Allium cyrilli Ten. Allium flavum L. Allium guttatum (Steven) Regel Allium longispathum Redoute Allium margaritaceum Sibth. et Sm. Allium moschatum L. Allium nigrum L. Allium oleraceum L. Allium paczoskianum Tuzson Allium paniculatum L. Allium rhodopaeum Velen. Allium rotundum L. Allium scorodoprasum L. Allium sphaerocephalon L. Allium ursinum L. Allium vineale L. Amaranthaceae (1/6) Amaranthus albus L. Amaranthus blitoides Watson Amaranthus graecizanus L. Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthus lividus L. Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Source
1997 European BG Red BioEndeIUCN Hab. Dir. Data diversity mism Red List Bern book Act
2
3
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC
4
5
6
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7
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SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC
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A. PETROVA 1
Amaryllidaceae (2/3) Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil. Galanthus nivalis L. Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. Anacardiaceae (3/3) Cotinus coggygria Scop. Pistacia terebinthus L. Rhus coriaria L. Apiaceae (37/83) Aegopodium podagraria L. Aethusa cynapium L. Angelica pancicii Vandas Angelica sylvestris L. Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. Anthriscus cereifolium (L.) Hoffm. Anthriscus nemorosa (Bieb.) Sprengel Anthriscus nitida (Wahlenb.) Garcke Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Berula erecta (Hudson) Coville Bifora radians Bieb. Bifora testiculata (L.) Roth Bunium ferulaceum Sibth. et Sm. Bupleurum affine Sadl. Bupleurum apiculatum Friv. Bupleurum asperuloides Heldr. ex Boiss. Bupleurum commutatum Boiss. et Balansa Bupleurum falcatum L. Bupleurum flavum Forskal Bupleurum gerardi All. Bupleurum praealtum L. Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Caucalis platycarpos L. Chaerophyllum aureum L. Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. Chaerophyllum temulentum L. Cnidium silaifolium (Jacq.) Simonkai Conium maculatum L. Coriandrum sativum L. Daucus carota L. Daucus guttatus Sibth. et Sm. Eryngium campestre L. Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. Ferulago campestris (Bess.) Gree. Ferulago sylvatica (Besser) Reichenb. Heracleum sibiricum L. Heracleum ternatum Velen. Hippomarathrum cristatum (DC.) Boiss. Lagoecia cuminoides L. Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh. Malabayla aurea (Sibth. et Sm.) Boiss. Myrrhoides nodosa (L.) Cannon Oenanthe angulosa Griseb.
2 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1
3
4
5
6
EN EN
P P
7
SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1
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Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poiret Oenanthe banatica Heuffel Oenanthe fistulosa L. Oenanthe lachenalii Gmelin Oenanthe millefolia Janka Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Oenanthe silaifolia Bieb. Oenanthe stenoloba Schur Opopanax hispidum (Friv.) Griseb. Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. Orlaya kochii Heywood Pastinaca hirsuta Pančić Pastinaca sativa L. Peucedanum alsaticum L. Peucedanum vittijugum Boiss. Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC. Pimpinella peregrina L. Pimpinella saxifraga L. Sanicula europaea L. Scandix australis L. Scandix pecten-veneris L. Seseli annuum L. Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch Seseli peucedanoides (Bieb.) Kos.-Poljan. Seseli rigidum Waldst. et Kit. Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz et Thell. Smyrnium perfoliatum L. Smyrnium rotundifolium Miller Stefanoffia daucoides (Boiss.) H. Wolff Tordylium maximum L. Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link Torilis heterophylla Guss. Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Torilis leptophylla (L.) Reichenb. fil. Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertner Torilis ucranica Sprengel Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort. Trinia ramosissima (Fischer ex Trev.) Koch Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. Apocynaceae (1/2) Vinca herbacea Waldst. et Kit. Vinca major L. Aquifoliaceae (1/1) Ilex aquifolium L. Araceae (1/3) Arum elongatum Steven Arum italicum Miller Arum maculatum L. Araliaceae (1/1) Hedera helix L. Aristolochiaceae (1/5) Aristolochia clematitis L. Aristolochia macedonica Bornm.
2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC
3
4
5
6
R R R
7
Bul
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R R R
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R R
SC Lit. 3 (o) SC
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Bal
75
76
A. PETROVA 1
Aristolochia pallida Willd. Aristolochia rotunda L. Asarum europaeum L. Asclepiadaceae (3/4) Cionura erecta (L.) Griseb. Cynanchum acutum L. Vincetoxicum fuscatum (Hornem.) Reichenb. fil. Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicus Asparagaceae (1/4) Asparagus acutifolius L. Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus tenuifolius Lam. Asparagus verticillatus L. Aspidiaceae (3/6) Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) N. P. Fuchs Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth Polystichum setiferum (Forskal) Moore Aspleniaceae (3/9) Asplenium adianthum-nigrum L. Asplenium cuneifoium Viv. Asplenium onopteris L. Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. Asplenium trichomanes L. Asplenium viride Hudson Ceterach officinarum DC. Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman Asteraceae (68/237) Achillea clypeolata Sm. Achillea coarctata Poiret Achillea collina J.Becker ex Reichenb. Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. et Kit. Achillea depressa Janka Achillea grandifolia Friv. Achillea millefolium L. Achillea nobilis L. Achillea pannonica Scheele Achillea setacea Waldst. et Kit. Anthemis arvensis L. Anthemis auriculata (Boiss.) Boiss. Anthemis austriaca Jacq. Anthemis cotula L. Anthemis orbelica Pani Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. et Acht. Anthemis ruthenica Bieb. Anthemis strybrnyi Velen. Anthemis tenuiloba (DC.) Fernan. Anthemis thracica Velen. Anthemis tinctoria L. Anthemis virescens Velen.
2
3
SC SC Lit. 3 (o)
4
5
6
R
P
R
P
7
SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 Lit. 1 Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1 Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 1
Bal
Bal
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Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Arctium lappa L. Arctium minus (Bernh.) Hill. Arctium tomentosum (Lam.) Miller Artemisia absinthium L. Artemisia annua L. Artemisia campestris L. Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. Artemisia vulgaris L. Aster amellus L. Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less. Bellis perennis L. Bellis sylvestris Cyr. Bidens cernua L. Bidens tripartita L. Bombycilaena erecta (L.) Smolj Carduus acanthoides L. Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit. Carduus nutans L. Carduus pycnocephallus L. Carduus thoermeri Weinm. Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek Carlina acanthifolia All. Carlina corymbosa L. Carlina vulgaris L. Carthamus dentatus (Forskal) Vahl Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea affinis Friv. Centaurea alba L. Centaurea apiculata Ledeb. Centaurea biebersteinii DC. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea chrysolepis Vis. Centaurea cuneifolia Sibth. et Sm. Centaurea cyanus L. Centaurea degeniana Wagn. Centaurea diffusa Lam. Centaurea gracilenta Velen. Centaurea inermis Velen. Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea pallidior Halacsy Centaurea pannonica (Heuffel) Dostal Centaurea pichleri Sibth. et Sm. Centaurea pseudoaxillaris Stef. & T. Georgiev Centaurea rhenana Boreau Centaurea rocheliana (Heuffel) Dostal Centaurea rutifolia Sibth. et Sm. Centaurea salonitana Vis. Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea solstitialis L. Centaurea stenolepis A. Kerner Centaurea thirkei Sch.-Bip. Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek
2
3
SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC R Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1
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7
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A. PETROVA 1
Centaurea triumfetti All. Cephalorrhynchus tuberosus (Steven) Schchian. Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh.) Rydb. Chondrilla juncea L. Cichorium inthybus L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Cirsium canum (L.) All. Cirsium creticum (Lam.) D’Urv. Cirsium italicum (Savi) DC. Cirsium ligulare Boiss. Cirsium pannonicum (L. fil.) Link Cirsium stojanovii Kuzmanov Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Cnicus benedictus L. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Crepis biennis L. Crepis conyzifolia (Gouan) A. Kerner Crepis foetida L. Crepis pulchra L. Crepis sancta (L.) Babck. Crepis setosa Hall. f. Crepis stojanovii T. Georg. Crepis tectorum L. Crepis zacintha (L.) Babck. Crupina vulgaris Cass. Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Doronicum austriacum Jacq. Doronicum hungaricum Reichenb. Doronicum orientale Hoffm. Echinops banaticus Rochel ex Schrader Echinops exaltatus Schrader Echinops microcephallus Sibth. et Sm. Echinops ritro L. Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Erigeron acer L. Eupatorium cannabinum L. Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz Filago eriocephala Guss. Filago lutescens Jord. Filago vulgaris Lam. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Gnaphalium luteo-album L. Hieracium alpicola Schleich. ex Gaudin Hieracium aurantiacum L. Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. Hieracium cymosum L. Hieracium densiflorum Tausch Hieracium djimilense Boiss. et Balansa Hieracium echioides Lumn. Hieracium florentinoides Arvet - Tow. Hieracium gentile Jord. ex Boreau Hieracium halimifolium Froel ex Fries
2 SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o)
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Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Hieracium heldreichii Boiss. Hieracium hoppeanum Schultes Hieracium latifolium Froel ex Link Hieracium pannosum Boiss. Hieracium pilosella L. Hieracium praealtum Vill. ex Goch. Hieracium praecurrens Vuk. Hieracium pseuderiopus Zahn Hieracium racemosum Waldst. et Kit. Hieracium sabaudum L. Hieracium scardicum Bornm. et Zahn Hieracium sparsum Friv. Hieracium tephrocephalum Vuk. Hieracium trebevicianum K. Maly Hieracium tschamkorijense Zahn Hieracium umbellatum L. Hieracium villosum L. Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory et Chaub. Hypochaeris glabra L. Hypochaeris maculata L. Hypochaeris radicata L. Inula aschersoniana Janka Inula bifrons (L.) L. Inula britannica L. Inula conyza L. Inula ensifolia L. Inula germanica L. Inula hirta L. Inula oculus-christi L. Inula salicina L. Jurinea consanguinea DC. Jurinea mollis (L.) Reichenb. Lactuca aurea (Schultz.-Bip. ex Pani) Steb. Lactuca perennis L. Lactuca quercina L. Lactuca saligna L. Lactuca serriola L. Lactuca viminea (L.) J. et C. Presl Lapsana communis L. Leontodon autumnalis L. Leontodon cichoraceus (Ten.) Sanguin. Leontodon crispus Vill. Leontodon hispidus L. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Logfia arvensis (L.) J. Holub Logfia gallica (L.) Coss.et Germ. Logfia minima (Sm.) Dumort. Matricaria perforata Merat Matricaria trichophylla Boiss. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. Omalotheca sylvatica (L.) Schultz-Bip. et F. Schul. Onopordum acanthium L. Onopordum tauricum Willd.
2 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC
3
4
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7 Bal
Bal
Bal
Bal
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Bal
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79
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A. PETROVA 1
2
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. SC Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertner SC Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. SC Picris altissima Delile Lit. 2 Picris hieracioides L. SC Picris pauciflora Willd. SC Picris sprengerana (L.) Poiret Lit. 2 Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) Greuter Lit. 3 (o) Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. SC Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertner Lit. 3 (o) Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertner SC Scolymus hispanicus L. SC Scolymus maculatus L. SC Scorzonera cana (C. A. Meyer) Hoffm. Lit. 3 (o) Scorzonera hispanica L. SC Scorzonera laciniata L. SC Scorzonera lanata (L.) Hoffm. SC Senecio erucifolius L. SC Senecio jacobaea L. Lit. 3 (o) Senecio nemorensis L. SC Senecio othonnae Bieb. Lit. 2 Senecio papposus (Reichenb.) Less. Lit. 1 Senecio sylvaticus L. Lit. 1 Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit. SC Senecio viscosus L. SC Senecio vulgaris L. SC Serratula tinctoria L. Lit. 3 (o) Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner SC Solidago virgaurea L. SC Sonchus arvensis L. SC Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. SC Sonchus oleraceus L. SC Steptorhamphus tuberosus (Jacq.) Grossh. SC Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Schultz-Bip. SC Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. et Kit.) Schultz-Bip. SC Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Lit. 3 (o) Tanacetum vulgare L. SC Taraxacum erytrospermum Andrz. ex Besser SC Taraxacum officinale L. SC Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) Symons Lit. 3 (o) Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst. et Kit.) Poiret SC Telekia speciosa (Schreber) Baumg. Lit. 3 Tragopogon balcanicum Velen. SC Tragopogon dubius Scop. SC Tragopogon orientalis L. SC Tragopogon porrifolius L. SC Tragopogon pratensis L. Lit. 2 Tragopogon strybrnyi Hayek Lit. 3 Tussilago farfara L. SC Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass. SC Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F. W. Schmidt Lit. 1 SC Xanthium italicum Moretti Xanthium spinosum L. SC
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Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Xanthium strumarium L. Xeranthemum annuum L. Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sibth. et Sm. Athyriaceae (2/2) Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Berberidaceae (1/1) Berberis vulgaris L. Betulaceae (5/7) Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner Betula pendula Roth Carpinus betulus L. Carpinus orientalis Miller Corylus avellana L. Corylus colurna L. Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Boraginaceae (18/58) Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Taush. Alkanna primuliflora Griseb. Alkanna stribrnyi Velen. Anchusa azurea Miller Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitm. Anchusa hybrida Ten. Anchusa ochroleuca Bieb. Anchusa officinalis L. Anchusa procera Besser Asperugo procumbens L. Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnston Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I. M. Johnston Buglossoides sibthorpiana (Griseb.) Czer Cerinthe minor L. Cynoglossum creticum Miller Cynoglossum hungaricum Simonkai Cynoglossum officinale L. Cynoglossum rotatum Velen. Echium italicum L. Echium plantagineum L. Echium vulgare L. Heliotropium europaeum L. Heliotropium suaveolens Bieb. Heliotropium supinum L. Lappula barbata (Bieb.) Gurke Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. Lithospermum officinale L. Lycopsis arvensis L. Myosotis alpestris F. W. Schmidt Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. Myosotis cyanea (Boiss. et Heldr.) Peev et Andreev Myosotis incrassata Guss. Myosotis laxa Lehm. Myosotis ramosissima Rochel Myosotis scorpioides L. Myosotis sicula Guss.
2
3
4
5
6
7
R R
P P P
Bal Bal
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SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1 R SC R SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o)
R
EN R
81
82
A. PETROVA 1
Myosotis sparsiflora Mikan ex Pohl Myosotis stricta Link ex Roemer et Schultes Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Neatostema apulum (L.) I. M. Johnston Nonnea atra Griseb. Nonnea pulla (L.) DC. Nonnea ventricosa (Sibth. et Sm.) Griseb. Onosma aucherana DC. Onosma echioides L. Onosma heterophylla Griseb. Onosma taurica Pallas ex Willd. Onosma thracica Velen. Onosma visianii G. C. Clementi Pulmonaria angustifolia L. Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Horn. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Pulmonaria rubra Schott Rindera umbellata (Waldst. et Kit.) Bunge Symphytum bulbosum Schim. Symphytum officinale L. Symphytum ottomanum Friv. Symphytum tuberosum L. Brassicaceae (37/82) Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara et Grande Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Moench Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Alyssum corymbosoides Form. Alyssum desertorum Stapf. Alyssum minutum Schlecht ex DC. Alyssum montanum L. Alyssum murale Waldst. et Kit. Alyssum obtusifolium Steven ex DC. Alyssum strigosum Banks et Solander Alyssum umbellatum Desv. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Arabis procurrens Waldst. et Kit. Arabis recta Vill. Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. Arabis turrita L. Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Berteroa mutabilis (Vent.) DC. Berteroa obliqua (Sibth. et Sm.) DC. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica rapa L. Bunias erucago L. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. Camelina alyssum (Miller) Thell. Camelina microcarpa DC.
2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2
3
4
5
6
7
Bal
R Bal
R
R
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus Capsella rubella Reuter Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz Cardamine graeca L. Cardamine hirsuta L. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Clypeola jonthlaspi L. Conringia austriaca (Jacq.) Sweet Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. Coronopus squamatus (Forskal) Ascherson Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl. Draba muralis L. Erophila verna (L.) Chevall. Erysimum cuspidatum (Bieb.) DC. Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. Erysimum repandum L. Hesperis laciniata All. Hesperis matronalis L. Hesperis sylvestris Crantz Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Lepidium graminifolium L. Lepidium latifolium L. Lepidium perfoliatum L. Lepidium ruderale L. Lunaria annua L. Myagrum perfoliatum L. Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas Rorippa prolifera (Heuffel) Neilr. Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Reichenb. Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Rorippa thracica (Griseb.) Fritsch Sinapis arvensis L. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sisymbrium loeselii L. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Sisymbrium orientale L. Sisymbrium polyceratium L. Teesdalia coronopifolia (J. P. Berg.) Thell. Thlaspi alliaceum L. Thlaspi alpestre Jacq. Thlaspi arvense L. Thlaspi kovatsii Heuffel Thlaspi ochroleucum Boiss. et Heldr. Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Thlaspi praecox Wulf.
2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC
3
4
5
6
R
P
7
83
84
A. PETROVA 1
Butomaceae (1/1) Butomus umbellatus L. Callitrichaceae (1/1) Callitriche platicarpa Kutz. Campanulaceae (5/17) Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janchen Campanula bononiensis L. Campanula glomerata L. Campanula lingulata Waldst. et Kit. Campanula macrostachya Waldst. et Kit. Campanula persicifolia L. Campanula phrygia Jaub. et Spach Campanula rapunculoides L. Campanula rapunculus L. Campanula scutellata Griseb. Campanula sibirica L. Campanula sparsa Friv. Campanula trachelium L. Jasione heldreichii Boiss. et Orph. Legousia pentagonia (L.) Thell. Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix Trachelium rumelianum Hampe Cannabinaceae (1/1) Humulus lupulus L. Capparidaceae (1/1) Cleome ornithopodioides L. Caprifoliaceae (3/6) Lonicera etrusca Santi Lonicera xylosteum L. Sambucus ebulus L. Sambucus nigra L. Viburnum lantana Hemsl. Viburnum opulus L. Caryophyllaceae (27/102) Agrostemma githago L. Arenaria leptoclados (Reichenb.) Guss. Arenaria rotundifolia Bieb. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Bufonia paniculata Dubois Bufonia tenuifolia L. Cerastium arvense L. Cerastium banaticum (Rochel) Heuffel Cerastium bulgaricum Uechtr. Cerastium decalvans Schlosser Cerastium dubium (Bast.) Schwarz Cerastium moesiacum Friv. Cerastium pumilum Curt. Cerastium semidecandrum L. Cucubalus baccifer L. Dianthus aridus Griseb. ex Janka Dianthus armeria L. Dianthus cruentus Griseb. Dianthus giganteus D’Urv.
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC R
Bal Bal
R R
P
Bal
SC SC
R
SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 2 Lit. 1 Lit. 2 Lit. 1 Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC SC SC
R Bal Bal
Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Dianthus gracilis Sibth. et Sm. Dianthus moesiacus Vis. et Pančić Dianthus pallens Sibth. et Sm. Dianthus petraeus Waldst. et Kit. Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. et Sm. Dianthus tristis Velen. Gypsophila muralis L. Gypsophila petraea (Baumg.) Reichenb. Gypsopila glomerata Pallas ex Bieb. Herniaria glabra L. Herniaria hirsuta L. Herniaria incana Lam. Holosteum umbellatum L. Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Lychnis flos-cuculi L. Minuartia bulgarica (Velen.) Griseb. Minuartia caespitosa (Ehrh.) Degen Minuartia garckeana (Ascherson et Graebner) Mattf. Minuartia glomerata (Bieb.) Degen Minuartia hirsuta (Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz. Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. Minuartia mediterranea (Ledeb.) K. Maly Minuartia recurva (All.) Schinz et Thell. Minuartia rhodopaea (Degen) Kož. et Kuzm. Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. Minuartia viscosa (Schreber) Schinz et Thell. Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Moenchia erecta (L.) Gaertner, B. Meyer et Schreber Moenchia graeca Boiss. et Heldr. Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl. Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench Paronychia cephalotes (Bieb.) Besser Paronychia kapela (Hacq.) A. Kerner Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) P. W. Ball et Heywood Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P. W. Ball et Heywood Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P. W. Ball et Heywood Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. Queria hispanica L. Sagina apetala L. Sagina procumbens L. Saponaria glutinosa Bieb. Saponaria officinalis L. Saponaria stranjensis Jordanov Scleranthus annuus L. Scleranthus collinus Hornung ex Opiz Scleranthus dichotomus Schur Scleranthus perennis L. Scleranthus polycarpos L. Silene alba (Miller) E. Krause Silene armeria L. Silene bupleuroides L. / Chater et Walters Silene compacta Fischer
2 Lit. 1 Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
3
4
5
6
7 Bal Bal
Bal
Bul Bal
R R
Bal
Bal
R
P
Bal
85
86
A. PETROVA 1
2
Silene conica L. SC Silene cretica L. Lit. 1 Silene dichotoma Ehrh. SC Silene flavescens Waldst. et Kit. SC Silene frivaldskyana Hampe Lit. 3 Silene gallica L. Lit. 1 Silene gallinyi Reichenb. SC Silene gigantea L. Lit. 1 Silene italica (L.) Pers. SC Silene lerchenfeldiana Baumg. SC Silene lydia Boiss. SC Silene noctiflora L. Lit. 3 (o) Silene nutans L. Lit. 2 Silene otites (L.) Webel. SC Silene skorpilii Velen. Lit. 2 Silene subconica Friv. SC Silene supina Bieb. Lit. 1 Silene velenovskyana Jordanov et Panov Lit. 3 Silene viridiflora L. SC Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke SC Spergula arvensis L. Lit. 3 (o) Spergula pentandra L. SC Stellaria alsine Grimm SC Stellaria graminea L. SC Stellaria holostea L. SC Stellaria media (L.) Vill. SC Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Pire Lit. 1 Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rasch. Lit. 3 (o) Velezia rigida L. SC Viscaria vulgaris Rohl. SC Celastraceae (1/3) Euonymus europaeus L. SC Euonymus latifolius (L.) Miller SC Euonymus verrucosus Scop. SC Chenopodiaceae (4/22) Atriplex hastata L. Lit. 3 (o) Atriplex nitens Schkuhr Lit. 3 (o) Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. et Kit. Lit. 3 (o) Atriplex patula L. Lit. 3 (o) Atriplex rosea L. Lit. 3 (o) Atriplex tatarica L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium album L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Lit. 3 Chenopodium botrys L. SC Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. SC Chenopodium glaucum L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium hybridum L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium murale L. SC Chenopodium opulifolium Schr. ex Koch et Ziz. SC Chenopodium polyspermum L. SC Chenopodium rubrum L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium urbicum L. Lit. 3 (o) Chenopodium virgatum L. SC
3
4
5
6
R
P
7
Bal
Bal
P R Bal
R
Bul
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Chenopodium vulvaria L. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader Polycnemum arvense L. Polycnemum majus A. Br. Cistaceae (5/8) Cistus incanus L. Fumana procumbens (Dunal) Gren. et Godr. Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Miller Helianthemum lasiocarpum Desf. ex Willk. Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Miller Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Miller Rhodax canus (L.) Fuss Xolanthes guttatus (L.) Rafin. Convolvulaceae (2/6) Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. Calystegia sylvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulus betonicifolius Miller Convolvulus boissieri Steud. Convolvulus cantabrica L. Cornaceae (1/2) Cornus mas L. Cornus sanguinea L. Crassulaceae (4/20) Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) A. et D. LQve Sedum acre L. Sedum album L. Sedum annuum L. Sedum caespitosum (Cav.) DC. Sedum cepaea L. Sedum confertiflorum Boiss. Sedum hispanicum L. Sedum maximum (L.) Suter Sedum ochroleucum Chaix Sedum pallidum Bieb. Sedum rubens L. Sedum sartorianum Boiss. Sedum tuberiferum Stoj. et Stefanov Sempervivum ciliosum Criseb. Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. Sempervivum zeleborii Schott Umbilicus erectus DC. Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Umbilicus rupesrtis (Salisb.) Dandy Cucurbitaceae (2/2) Bryonia alba L. Ecbalium elaterium (L.) A. Richard Cupressaceae (1/2) Juniperus communis L. Juniperus oxycedrus L. Cuscutaceae (1/6) Cuscuta approximata Babingt. Cuscuta campestris Yunck.
2
3
4
5
6
R
P
7
SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC
R
R
P
Bal Bal
87
88
A. PETROVA 1
Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Cuscuta europaea L. Cuscuta monogyna Vahl Cuscuta planiflora Ten. Cyperaceae (8/48) Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Pallas Carex acuta L. Carex acutiformis Ehrh. Carex bueckii Wimm. Carex caryophyllea La Tour. Carex cuspidata Hudson Carex depauperata Good. Carex digitata L. Carex distans L. Carex divisa Hudson Carex divulsa Stokes ex With. Carex echinata Murr. Carex flacca Schreber Carex hallerana Asso Carex hirta L. Carex liparocarpos Gaudin Carex melanostachya Bieb. ex Willd. Carex michelii Host Carex montana L. Carex muricata L. Carex otrubae Podp. Carex ovalis Good. Carex pallescens L. Carex paniculata L. Carex praecox Schreber Carex pseudocyperus L. Carex punctata Gaudin Carex remota L. Carex riparia Curt. Carex rostrata Stokes Carex spicata Hudson Carex sylvatica Hudson Carex tomentosa L. Carex vesicaria L. Cyperus fuscus L. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. Br. Eleocharis uniglumis (Link.) Schultes Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe Holoschoenus vulgaris Link Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Isolepis supina (L.) R. Br. Pycreus flavescens (L.) Reichenb. Pycreus glaber (L.) Hayek Pycreus longus (L.) Hayek Pycreus rotundus (L.) Hayek Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Schoenoplectus tabernemontanii (C. C. Gmelin) Palla Scirpus sylvaticus L.
2
3
4
5
6
R
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EN
P
Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
7
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Dioscoreaceae (1/1) Tamus communis L. Dipsacaceae (5/18) Cephalaria flava (Sibth. et Sm.) Szabo Cephalaria laevigata (Waldst. et Kit.) Schrader Cephalaria transsylvanica (L.) Roemer et Schultes Dipsacus fullonum L. Dipsacus laciniatus L. Dipsacus pilosus L. Knautia ambigua (Friv.) Boiss. et Orph. Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. Knautia macedonica Griseb. Knautia orientalis L. Pterocephalus papposus (L.) Coult. Scabiosa argentea L. Scabiosa columbaria L. Scabiosa ochroleuca L. Scabiosa rotata Bieb. Scabiosa sicula L. Scabiosa triniifolia Friv. Ephedraceae (1/1) Ephedra distachya L. Equisetaceae (1/5) Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum hiemale L. Equisetum palustre L. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Ericaceae (3/4) Arbutus andrachne L. Arbutus unedo L. Erica arborea L. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Euphorbiaceae (3/20) Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Juss. Euphorbia agraria Bieb. Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Euphorbia chamaesyce L. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Euphorbia esula L. Euphorbia falcata L. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphorbia myrsinites L. Euphorbia niciciana Borbas Euphorbia oblongata Griseb. Euphorbia plathyphyllos L. Euphorbia polychroma A. Kerner Euphorbia salicifolia Host Euphorbia seguerana Neck. Euphorbia serrulata Thuill. Euphorbia taurinensis All. Mercurialis annua L.
2
3
4
5
6
7
SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 2 SC
Bal
Bal
Bal
Bal
Lit. 3
P
SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
R
P P P
89
90
A. PETROVA 1
Mercurialis ovata Sternb. et Hoppe Mercurialis perennis L. Fabaceae (31/173) Anthyllis vulneraria L. Astracantha thracica (Griseb.) Podl. Astragalus angustifolius Lam. Astragalus cicer L. Astragalus glycyphylloides DC. Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Astragalus hamosus L. Astragalus monspessulanus L. Astragalus onobrychis L. Bisserula pelecinus L. Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. Chamaecytisus absinthioides (Janka) Kuzmanov Chamaecytisus albus (Hack.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus austriacus (L.) Link Chamaecytisus banaticus (Griseb. et Schenk.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus glaber (L.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link Chamaecytisus jankae (Velen.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus rochelii (Wierzb.) Rothm. Chamaecytisus supinus (L.) Link Chamaespartium sagittale (L.) Gibbs Colutea arborescens L. Coronilla cretica L. Coronilla emerus L. Coronilla scorpioides (L.) C. Koch Coronilla varia L. Corothamnus agnipilus (Velen.) Klask. Dorycnium germanicum (Gremil) Rikli Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. Galega officinalis L. Genista anatolica Boiss. Genista carinalis Griseb. Genista lydia Boiss. Genista ovata Waldst. et Kit. Genista rumelica Velen. Genista tinctoria L. Hedysarum grandiflorum Pallas Hippocrepis ciliata Willd. Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. Lathyrus annuus L. Lathyrus aphaca L. Lathyrus aureus (Steven) Brandza Lathyrus cicera L. Lathyrus digitatus (Bieb.) C. Koch Lathyrus hirsutus L. Lathyrus inconspicuus L. Lathyrus latifolius L. Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.) O. Kuntze Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh.
2
3
4
5
6
7
R
P
Bal
SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
Bal
Bal
Bal
Bal R
P
EN
P
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Lathyrus nissolia L. Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke Lathyrus pratensis L. Lathyrus setifolius L. Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. Lathyrus sylvestris L. Lathyrus tuberosus L. Lathyrus venetus (Miller) Wohlf. Lathyrus vernus Bernh. Lembotropis nigricans (L.) Griseb. Lens nigricans (Bieb.) Godr. Lotononis genistoides (Fenzl) Bentham Lotus aegaeus (Griseb.) Boiss. Lotus angustissimus L. Lotus corniculatus L. Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. Lupinus albus L. Lupinus angustifolius L. Lupinus graecus Boiss. et Spruner Medicago arabica (L.) Hudson Medicago bondevii Kožuharov Medicago coronata (L.) Bart. Medicago falcata L. Medicago lupulina L. Medicago minima (L.) Bart. Medicago orbicularis All. Medicago polymorpha L. Medicago rhodopea Velen. Medicago rigidula (L.) All. Medicago sativa L. Melilotus alba Medicus Melilotus neapolitana Ten. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas Onobrychis aequidentata (Sibth. et Sm.) D’Urv. Onobrychis alba (Waldst. et Kit.) Desv. Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. Onobrychis caput-gali (L.) Lam. Onobrychis degenii Dörfler Onobrychis gracilis Besser Onobrychis lasiostachya Boiss. Ononis adenotricha Boiss. Ononis arvensis L. Ononis pusilla L. Ononis repens L. Ononis spinosa L. Ornithopus compressus L. Pisum elatius Bieb. Pisum sativum L. Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen et Dörfler Trifolium affine C. Presl Trifolium alpestre L. Trifolium angustifolium L. Trifolium arvense L.
2
3
SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 R SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC
4
5
6
7
R
R
P
Bul R
R
P
Bul
Bal
R
R
91
92
A. PETROVA 1
Trifolium aureum Poll. Trifolium badium Schreber Trifolium bocconei Savi Trifolium campestre Schreber Trifolium cherleri L. Trifolium diffusum Ehrh. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Trifolium echinatum Bieb. Trifolium fragiferum L. Trifolium glomeratum L. Trifolium heldreichianum Hausskn. Trifolium hirtum All. Trifolium hybridum L. Trifolium incarnatum L. Trifolium lappaceum L. Trifolium latinum Sebast. Trifolium leucanthum Bieb. Trifolium medium L. Trifolium michelianum Savi Trifolium micranthum Viv. Trifolium montanum L. Trifolium nigrescens Viv. Trifolium ochroleucon Hudson Trifolium pallidum Waldst. et Kit. Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. Trifolium patens Schreber Trifolium pratense L. Trifolium purpureum Loisel. Trifolium repens L. Trifolium resupinatum L. Trifolium retusum L. Trifolium scabrum L. Trifolium setiferum Boiss. Trifolium smyrnaeum Boiss. Trifolium speciosum Willd. Trifolium striatum L. Trifolium strictum L. Trifolium subterraneum L. Trifolium suffocatum L. Trifolium tenuifolium Ten. Trifolium trichopterum Pani Trigonella coerulea (L.) Ser. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Trigonella gladiata Steven ex Bieb. Trigonella monspeliaca L. Trigonella procumbens (Besser) Reichenb. Trigonella striata L. Vicia angustifolia Grufb. Vicia articulata Hornem. Vicia cassubica L. Vicia cordata Wulf. Vicia cracca L. Vicia dalmatica A. Kerner
2 SC Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
3
4
5
6
7
Bal
Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Vicia grandiflora Scop. Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray Vicia hybrida L. Vicia incisa Bieb. Vicia laeta Cesati Vicia lathyroides L. Vicia lutea L. Vicia narbonensis L. Vicia pannonica Crantz Vicia peregrina L. Vicia sativa L. Vicia sepium L. Vicia serratifolia Jacq. Vicia tenuifolia Roth Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreber Vicia varia Host Vicia villosa Roth Fagaceae (2/13) Fagus orientalis Lipsky Fagus sylvatica L. Quercus brachyphylla Kotschy Quercus cerris L. Quercus coccifera L. Quercus dalechampii T. Ten. Quercus erucifolia Steven Quercus frainetto Ten. Quercus pedunculiflora C. Koch Quercus polycarpa Schur Quercus pubescens Willd. Quercus thracica Stefanov et Nedelchev Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. Gentianaceae (2/5) Centaurium erythraea Rafin. Centaurium pulchellum (Swartz) Druce Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Ronn. ex Fritsch Gentiana cruciata L. Gentianella ciliata (L.) Borkh. Geraniaceae (2/19) Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Her. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. Erodium hoefftianum C. A. Meyer Geranium bohemicum L. Geranium columbinum L. Geranium dissectum L. Geranium lucidum L. Geranium macrorrhizum L. Geranium macrostylum Boiss. Geranium molle L. Geranium phaeum L. Geranium pratense L. Geranium purpureum Vill. Geranium pusillum L. Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. fil.
2 SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 1 SC SC SC
3
4
5
6
7
R R
R
P
EN
P
R
R R
P
R
P
Bul
93
94
A. PETROVA 1
Geranium robertianum L. Geranium rotundifolium L. Geranium sanguineum L. Geranium tuberosum L. Gesneriaceae (1/1) Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. Globulariaceae (1/1) Globularia aphyllanthes Crantz Haloragaceae (1/1) Myriophyllum spicatum L. Hypericaceae (1/12) Hypericum annulatum Moris Hypericum aucheri Jaub. et Spach Hypericum cerastoides (Spach) N. K. B. Robson Hypericum hirsutum L. Hypericum maculatum Crantz Hypericum montbretii Spach Hypericum olympicum L. Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. Hypericum tetrapterum Fries Hypericum thasium Griseb. Hypericum umbellatum A. Kerner Hypolepidaceae (1/1) Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Iridaceae (4/19) Crocus biflorus (L.) Miller Crocus chrysanthus (Herbich) Herbich Crocus flavus West. Crocus olivieri J. Gay Crocus pulchellus Herbich Gladiolus communis L. Gladiolus illyricus Koch Gladiolus imbricatus L. Gladiolus italicus Miller Gladiolus palustris Gaudin Iris aphylla L. Iris graminea L. Iris pseudacorus L. Iris pumila L. Iris reichenbachii Heuffel Iris sintenisii Janka Iris suaveolens Boiss. et Reuter Iris variegata L. Romulea linaresi Parl. Juglandaceae (1/1) Juglans regia L. Juncaceae (2/16) Juncus articulatus L. Juncus atratus Krock. Juncus bufonius L. Juncus compressus Jacq. Juncus conglomeratus L.
2
3
4
SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC
5
6
7
P
Bal
R App.I
R
SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
Bal P
Bal Bal
SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC
R
IVb
P
P
Bal P
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Juncus effusus L. Juncus inflexus L. Juncus ranarius Song. et Perr. ex Bill. Juncus tenageia L. fil. Luzula campestris (L.) Lam. et DC. Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej. Luzula pillosa (L.) Willd. Luzula sudetica (Willd.) DC. Luzula sylvatica (Hudson) Gaudin Juncaginaceae (1/1) Triglochin palustris L. Lamiaceae (29/108) Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Acinos rotundifolius Pers. Acinos suaveolens (Sibth. et Sm.) G. Don Ajuga chamaepytis (L.) Schreber Ajuga genevensis L. Ajuga laxmanii (L.) Bentham Ajuga reptans L. Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber Ballota nigra L. Betonica haussknechtii Uechtr. ex Hausskn. Betonica officinalis L. Calamintha grandiflora (L.) Moench Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. Clinopodium vulgare L. Galeopsis bifida Boenn. Galeopsis ladanum L. Galeopsis speciosa Miller Galeopsis tetrahit L. Glechoma hederacea L. Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. et Kit. Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. et Polatschek Lamium amplexicaule L. Lamium garganicum L. Lamium maculatum L. Lamium purpureum L. Leonurus cardiaca L. Leonurus marrubiastrum L. Lycopus europaeus L. Lycopus exaltatus L. fil. Marrubium peregrinum L. Marrubium vulgare L. Melissa officinalis L. Melittis melissophyllum L. Mentha aquatica L. Mentha arvensis L. Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson Mentha pulegium L.
2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC
3
4
5
6
R
P
R
P
7
Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC
Bal
95
96
A. PETROVA 1
Mentha spicata L. Micromeria cristata (Hampe) Griseb. Micromeria dalmatica Bentham Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichenb. Nepeta cataria L. Nepeta nuda L. Origanum vulgare L. Phlomis herba-ventis L. Phlomis tuberosa L. Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler Prunella laciniata (L.) L. Prunella vulgaris L. Salvia aethiopis L. Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. Salvia glutinosa L. Salvia nemorosa L. Salvia officinalis L. Salvia pinnata L. Salvia pratensis L. Salvia ringens Sibth. et Sm. Salvia sclarea L. Salvia tomentosa Miller Salvia verbenaca L. Salvia verticillata L. Salvia virgata Jacq. Satureja coerulea Janka Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Satureja montana L. Satureja pilosa Velen. Scutellaria albida L. Scutellaria altissima L. Scutellaria columnae All. Scutellaria galericulata L. Scutellaria hastifolia L. Scutellaria orientalis L. Scutellaria velenovskyi Rech. fil. Sideritis montana L. Stachys alpina L. Stachys angustifolia Bieb. Stachys annua (L.) L. Stachys cassia (Boiss.) Boiss. Stachys cretica L. Stachys germanica L. Stachys leucoglossa Griseb. Stachys milanii Petrovi Stachys obliqua Waldst. et Kit. Stachys palustris L. Stachys recta L. Stachys serbica Pančić Stachys sylvatica L. Teucrium chamaedrys L. Teucrium montanum L. Teucrium polium L.
2 SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC
3
4
5
6
EN
P
7
Bal
P Bal
R
Bul
R Bal Bal
R
Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Teucrium scordium L. Thymus atticus elak. Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham Thymus callieri Borbas ex Velen. Thymus glabrescens Willd. Thymus jankae elak. Thymus leucotrichus Halacsy Thymus longicaulis C. Presl Thymus moesiacus Velen. Thymus pannonicus All. Thymus pulegioides L. Thymus sibthorpii Bentham Thymus striatus Vahl Thymus thracicus Velen. Thymus zygioides Griseb. Ziziphora capitata L. Lemnaceae (2/4) Lemna gibba L. Lemna minor L. Lemna trisulca L. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Lentibulariaceae (1/1) Utricularia vulgaris L. Liliaceae (20/49) Anthericum liliago L. Anthericum ramosum L. Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Reichenb. Asphodeline lutea (L.) Reichenb. Colchicum autumnale L. Colchicum biebersteinii Rouy Convallaria majalis L. Erythronium dens-canis L. Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb. Gagea arvensis (Pers.) Dumort. Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schultes et Schultes f. Gagea chrysantha (Jan.) Schultes et Schultes f. Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw. Gagea minima (L.) Ker.-Gaw. Gagea peduncularis (J. et C. Presl) Pasch. Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. Gagea pusilla (Schm.) Schultes et Schultes f. Hyacinthella leucophaea (Steven ex Kunth.) Schur Lilium martagon L. Lilium rhodopaeum Delip. Muscari botryoides (L.) Miller Muscari comosum (L.) Miller Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Muscari racemosum DC. Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch Muscari vandasii Velen. Ornithogalum boucheanum Ascherson Ornithogalum comosum L. Ornithogalum kochii Parl.
2
3
4
5
Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC
6
7
P
Bal Bal
SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC R Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 2 SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC R SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC
R
R
P
P
App.I
R
P
Bal
Bul
97
98
A. PETROVA 1
2
3
Ornithogalum montanum Cyr. SC Ornithogalum narbonense L. Lit. 3 (o) Ornithogalum nutans L. Lit. 3 (o) Ornithogalum oligophyllum Clarke SC Ornithogalum pyramidale L. Lit. 2 Ornithogalum pyrenaicum L. SC Ornithogalum refractum Kit. ex Schlecht. SC Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter SC Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Lit. 1 Paris quadrifolia L. Lit. 3 Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf. SC Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. SC Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Druce SC Ruscus aculeatus L. SC Ruscus hypoglossum L. SC Scilla autumnalis L. SC Scilla bifolia L. SC Tulipa australis Link Lit. 1 Tulipa rhodopaea Vel. Lit. 1 V Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. Lit. 3 (o) Linaceae (1/11) Linum austriacum L. Lit. 3 Linum bienne Miller SC Linum catharticum L. SC Linum corymbulosum Reichenb. SC Linum hirsutum L. Lit. 3 (o) Linum nodiflorum L. SC Linum strictum L. Lit. 1 Linum tauricum Willd. SC Linum tenuifolium L. SC Linum thracicum (Griseb.) Degen SC Linum trigynum L. SC Loranthaceae (3/3) Arceutobium oxycedri (DC.) Bieb. Lit. 1 Loranthus europaeus L. SC Viscum album L. Lit. 3 (o) Lythraceae (2/3) Lythrum salicaria L. SC Lythrum thymifolia L. SC Peplis portula L. Lit. 3 Malvaceae (6/13) Alcea pallida (Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.) Waldst. et Kit. SC Alcea rosea L. SC Althaea canabina L. SC Althaea hirsuta L. SC Althaea officinalis L. SC Hibiscus trionum L. SC Lavatera thuringiaca L. SC Malva alcea L. SC Malva neglecta Wallr. SC Malva nicaeensis All. Lit. 1 Malva pusilla Sm. Lit. 3 (o) Malva sylvestris L. SC
4
5
6
7
EN
P P
Bul
Bal
P
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Malvella sherardiana (L.) Jaub. et Spach. Molluginaceae (1/1) Glinus lotoides L. Monotropaceae (1/1) Monotropa hypopitys L. Moraceae (2/2) Ficus carica L. Morus alba L. Najadaceae (1/1) Najas minor All. Oleaceae (5/8) Fraxinus excelsior L. Fraxinus ornus L. Fraxinus oxycarpa Bieb. ex Willd. Fraxinus pallisiae Wilm. Jasminum fruticans L. Ligustrum vulgare L. Phyllyrea latifolia L. Syringa vulgaris L. Onagraceae (3/9) Circaea luteciana L. Epilobium angustifolium L. Epilobium hirsutum L. Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. et Mauri Epilobium montanum L. Epilobium parviflorum Schreber Epilobium roseum Schreber Epilobium tetragonum L. Oenothera biennis L. Ophioglossaceae (1/1) Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Orchidaceae (14/34) Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) L. C. Richard Cephalanthera damasonium (Miller) Druce Cephalanthera epipactoides Fischer et C. A. Meyer Cephalanthera longifolia (Hudson) Fritsch Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Richard Dactylorhiza romana (Seb. et Mauri) Soo Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soo Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soo Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) Sprengel Limodorum abortivum (L.) Schwarz Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L. C. Richard Ophrys apifera Hudson Ophrys cornuta Steven Ophrys mammosa Desf. Orchis coriophora L. Orchis elegans Heuffel
2
3
4
5
6
Lit. 2 Lit. 2 SC SC SC
R
Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC
P P
IIb; App.1 P R
P
P P P
7
99
100
A. PETROVA 1
Orchis laxiflora Lam. Orchis morio L. Orchis papilionacea L. Orchis pinetorum Boiss. et Kotschy Orchis provincialis Balbis Orchis purpurea Hudson Orchis simia Lam. Orchis tridentata Scop. Orchis ustulata L. Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C. Richard Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb. Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. Spiranthes spyralis (L.) Chevall. Orobanchaceae (1/9) Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. Orobanche gracilis Sm. Orobanche minor Sm. Orobanche mutelii F. Schultz Orobanche pubescens D’Urv. Orobanche purpurea Jacq. Orobanche ramosa L. Orobanche teucrii Holand. Oxalidaceae (1/2) Oxalis acetosella L. Oxalis corniculata L. Paeoniaceae (1/1) Paeonia peregrina Miller Papaveraceae (6/18) Chelidonium majus L. Corydalis bulbosa (L.) DC. Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas) Pers. Corydalis slivenensis Velen. Corydalis solida (L.) Schwarz Fumaria kralikii Jord. Fumaria officinalis L. Fumaria rostellata Knaf Fumaria schleicheri Soyer Will. Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J. H. Rudolph Hypecoum imberbe Sibth. et Sm. Hypecoum ponticum Velen. Hypecoum procumbens L. Papaver dubium L. Papaver laevigatum Bieb. Papaver rhoeas L. Papaver rumelicum Velen. Pinaceae (2/5) Abies alba Miller Abies borisi-regis Mattf. Pinus halepensis Mill.. Pinus nigra Arnold Pinus sylvestris L.
2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC
3
4
App.I
5
6
R
P
R
P
R R
P P
7
Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC
R
Bal
Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Plantaginaceae (1/9) Plantago altissima L. Plantago bellardii All. Plantago coronopus L. Plantago lagopus L. Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantago scabra Moench Plantago subulata L. Platanaceae (1/1) Platanus orientalis L. Plumbaginaceae (3/4) Armeria rumelica Boiss. Goniolimon collinum (Griseb.) Boiss. Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss. Plumbago europaea L. Poaceae (68/162) Achnatherum bromoides (L.) Beauv. Aegilops cylindrica Host Aegilops neglecta Req. ex Bertol. Aegilops speltoides Tausch Aegilops triuncialis L. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner Agrostis canina L. Agrostis capillaris L. Agrostis castellana Boiss. et Reuter Aira elegantissima Schur Alopecurus aequalis Sobol Alopecurus geniculatus L. Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson Alopecurus pratensis L. Alopecurus rendlei Eig. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Apera interrupata (L.) Beauv. Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J. et C. Presl Arrhenatherum palaestinum Boiss. Avena barbata Pott ex Link Avena fatua L. Avena ludoviciana Dur. Avena wiestii Steudel Avenula compressa (Heuffel) Sauer et Chmelit. Avenula pubescens (Hudson) Dumort. Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host Brachiaria eruciformis (Sibth. et Sm.) Griseb. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. Briza humilis Bieb. Briza maxima L. Briza media L. Bromus arvensis L.
2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC
3
4
5
6
101 7
R
R Bal EN
R
P P
102
A. PETROVA 1
Bromus benekenii (Lange) Trim. Bromus commutatus Schrader Bromus inermis Leyss. Bromus intermedius Guss. Bromus japonicus Thunb. Bromus madritensis L. Bromus mollis L. Bromus racemosus L. Bromus ramosus Hudson Bromus scoparius L. Bromus secalinus L. Bromus squarrosus L. Bromus sterilis L. Bromus tectorum L. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall. fil.) Koeler Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. Cleistogenes serotina (L.) Keng. Crypsis alopecuroides (Pill. et Mitt.) Schrader Cynodon dactilon (L.) Pers. Cynosurus cristatus L. Cynosurus echinatus L. Dactylis glomerata L. Danthonia alpina Vest. Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Cand. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin Dichantium ischaemum (L.) Roberti Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meld. Elymus repens (L.) Gould. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign-Lut. Eragrostis minor Host Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Erianthus strictum (Host) Bluff. et Fing. Festuca arundinacea Schreber Festuca dalmatica (Hack.) K. Richt. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. Festuca heterophylla Lam. Festuca nigrescens Lam. Festuca oviniformis Vett. Festuca pratensis L. Festuca pseudodalmatica Krajina ex Domin Festuca rupicola Heuffel Festuca thracica (Acht.) Markgr.-Dannb. Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin Gastridium ventricosum (Gouam.) Schin. Et Thell. Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv. Glyceria arundinacea Kunth.
2 Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC
3
4
5
6
7
R Bal
R
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmboe Glyceria plicata (Fries) Fries Holcus lanatus L. Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Harz. Hordeum bulbosum L. Hordeum hystrix Roth Hordeum leporinum Link Hordeum marinum Hudson Hordeum murinum L. Hordeum secalinum Schreber Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes et Schultes fil. Koeleria nitidula Velen. Koeleria penzesii Ujhelyi Koeleria schurii Ujhelyi Koeleria simonkaii Adam. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur Lolium perenne L. Lolium rigidum Gaudin Lolium temulentum L. Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. Melica ciliata L. Melica nutans L. Melica picta C. Koch Melica transsilvanica Schur Melica uniflora Retz. Micropyrum tenellum Link Milium effusum L. Milium vernale Bieb. Molineriella minuta (L.) Rouy Phleum graecum Boiss. et Heldr. Phleum montanum C. Koch Phleum phleoides (L.) Karsten Phleum pratense L. Phleum subulatum (Savi) Ascherson et Graebner Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Piptatherum holciforme (Bieb.) Roemer et Schultes Piptatherum virescens (Trin.) Boiss. Poa angustifolia L. Poa annua L. Poa badensis Haenke ex Willd. Poa bulbosa L. Poa compressa L. Poa nemoralis L. Poa palustris L. Poa pratensis L. Poa sylvicola Guss. Poa timoleontis Heldr. ex Boiss. Poa trivialis L. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz et Thell. Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. Secale montanum Guss.
2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 2 SC SC Lit. 3
3
4
5
6
R
P
103 7
104
A. PETROVA 1
2
Sesleria latifolia (Adam.) Degen Lit. 1 Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. SC Setaria pumila (Poiret) Schultes SC Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv. Lit. 3 (o) Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SC Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Beauv. Lit. 1 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SC Stipa capillata L. SC Stipa crassiculmis Smirnov Lit. 2 Stipa pontica Smirnov SC Stipa pulcherrima Koch SC Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski SC Taeniatherum crinitum (Schreber) Nevski SC Trachynia distachya (L.) Link SC Tragus racemosus (L.) All. SC Triticum baeoticum Boiss. SC Ventenata dubia (Leers) Cosson SC Vulpia ambigua (Le Gall) More SC Vulpia ciliata Dumort. SC Vulpia myurus (L.) C. C. Gmelin SC Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace Lit. 2 Polygalaceae (1/7) Polygala anatolica Boiss. et Heldr. Lit. 3 Polygala comosa Schkuhr SC Polygala major Jacq. SC Polygala mediterranea (Chodat) Dalla Torre et Sarnth. Lit. 1 Polygala monspeliaca L. SC Polygala rhodopea (Velen.) Janchen SC Polygala vulgaris L. SC Polygonaceae (4/21) Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort. Lit. 3 (o) Bilderdykia dumetorum (L.) Dumort. SC Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. F. Gray SC Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz SC Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray Lit. 3 (o) Persicaria maculata (Rafin.) A. et D. LQve SC Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Opiz SC Polygonum arenastrum Boreau SC Polygonum aviculare L. SC Polygonum patulum Bieb. SC Polygonum pulchellum Loisel. SC Polygonum rurivagum Boreau SC Rumex acetosa L. SC Rumex acetosella L. SC Rumex alpinus L. Lit. 3 (o) Rumex arifolius All. Lit. 3 Rumex conglomeratus Murr. SC Rumex obtusifolius L. Lit. 3 (o) Rumex pulcher L. SC Rumex tenuifolius (Wallr.) A. LQve Lit. 1 Rumex tuberosus L. SC Polypodiaceae (1/1) Polypodium vulgare L. SC
3
4
5
6
7 Bal
R
R R
Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Portulacaceae (2/2) Montia fontana L. Portulaca oleracea L. Potamogetonaceae (1/3) Potamogeton crispus L. Potamogeton natans L. Potamogeton nodosus Poiret Primulaceae (4/12) Anagalis arvensis L. Anagalis minima (L.) Krause Androsace elongata L. Androsace maxima L. Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Lysimachia atropurpurea L. Lysimachia nummularia L. Lysimachia punctata L. Lysimachia vulgaris L. Primula acaulis (L.) L. Primula veris L. Pyrolaceae (1/1) Pyrola minor L. Ranunculaceae (14/55) Actaea spicata L. Adonis aestivalis L. Adonis annua L. Adonis flammea Jacq. Anemone apennina L. Anemone pavonina Lam. Anemone ranunculoides L. Anemone sylvestris L. Clematis vitalba L. Clematis viticella L. Consolida hispanica (Costa) Greuter et Burdet Consolida regalis S. F. Gray Delphinium fissum Waldst. et Kit. Helleborus cyclophyllus (A. Braun) Boiss. Helleborus odorus Waldst. et Kit. Hepatica nobilis Miller Isopyrum thalictroides L. Myosurus minimus L. Nigella arvensis L. Nigella damascena L. Nigella elata Boiss. Nigella orientalis L. Pulsatilla montana (Hoppe) Reichenb. Ranunculus acris L. Ranunculus aquatilis L. Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculus auricomus L. Ranunculus chius DC. Ranunculus fallax (Wimm. et Grab.) A. Kerner Ranunculus ficaria L.
2
3
4
5
6
SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC
R
R
Lit. 3 Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC
P EN
P
R
P
105 7
106
A. PETROVA 1
Ranunculus flammula L. Ranunculus fontanus C. Presl Ranunculus gracilis E. D. Clarke Ranunculus illyricus L. Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl Ranunculus muricatus L. Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten. Ranunculus nemorosus DC. Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill. Ranunculus oxyspermus Bieb. Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumort.) Bab. Ranunculus polyanthemos L. Ranunculus repens L. Ranunculus rumelicus Griseb. Ranunculus sardous Crantz Ranunculus sceleratus L. Ranunculus serbicus Vis. Ranunculus stojanovii Delip. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chax. Ranunculus velutinus Ten. Ranunculus villosus DC. Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. Thalictrum lucidum L. Thalictrum minus L. Thalictrum simplex L. Resedaceae (1/2) Reseda lutea L. Reseda luteola L. Rhamnaceae (3/5) Frangula alnus Miller Paliurus spina-christi Miller Rhamnus catharticus L. Rhamnus rhodopeus Velen. Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. Rosaceae (20/76) Agrimonia eupatoria L. Alchemilla monticola Opiz Alchemilla subcrenata Buser Amelanchier ovalis Medicus Aphanes arvensis L. Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. et Reuter) Rothm. Aremonia agrimonoides (L.) DC. Cotoneaster integerrimus Medicus Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) C. Koch Crataegus heldreichii Boiss. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Crataegus orientalis L. Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. Eriolobus trilobata M. J. Roemer Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Filipendula vulgaris Moench Fragaria moschata Duchesne Fragaria vesca L.
2
3
Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 V Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1
4
5
App.I
6
7
P
R
P
Bul.
SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC
Bal
Bal
EN
P
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Fragaria viridis Duchesne Geum urbanum L. Malus dasyphylla Borkh. Malus praecox (Pallas) Borkh. Malus sylvestris Miller Potentilla alba L. Potentilla argentea L. Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch Potentilla erecta (L.) Rausch. Potentilla inclinata Vill. Potentilla laciniosa Waldst. et Kit. ex Nestler Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex DC. Potentilla mollicrinis (Borbas) Stankov Potentilla neglecta Baumg. Potentilla obscura Willd. Potentilla pedata Willd. Potentilla pilosa Willd. Potentilla regis-borisii Stoj. Potentilla reptans L. Potentilla sulphurea Lam. Prunus avium L. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Prunus fruticosa Pallas Prunus mahaleb L. Prunus spinosa L. Pyrus amigdaliformis Vill. Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas Pyrus nivalis Jacq. Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. Rosa agrestis Savi Rosa caesia Sm. Rosa canina L. Rosa corymbifera Borkh. Rosa dumalis Bechst. Rosa gallica L. Rosa glutinosa Sibth. et Sm. Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. Rosa mollis Sm. Rosa myriacantha DC. ex Lam. et DC. Rosa pendulina L. Rosa tomentosa Sm. Rosa turcica Rouy Rosa vosagiaca Desportes Rubus caesius L. Rubus canescens DC. Rubus discolor Weihe et Nees Rubus hirtus Waldst. et Kit. Rubus idaeus L. Rubus lloydianus Genev. Rubus sanguineus Friv. Rubus thyrsanthus Focke Sanguisorba minor Scop. Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz
2 SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 1 Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 1
3
4
5
6
107 7
Bal
108
A. PETROVA 1
Sorbus aucuparia L. Sorbus domestica L. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Sorbus umbellata (Desf.) Fritsch Spiraea chamaedrifolia L. Rubiaceae (6/34) Asperula aristata L. fil. Asperula arvensis L. Asperula cynanchica L. Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend. Asperula rumelica Boiss. Asperula tenella Heuffel ex Degen Crucianella angustifolia L. Crucianella graeca Boiss. Crucianella latifolia L. Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. Cruciata laevipes Opiz Cruciata pedemontana (Bell.) Ehrend. Galium album Miller Galium aparine L. Galium debile Desv. Galium divaricatum Pourret ex Lam. Galium flavescens Borbas Galium heldreichii Hal Galium lucidum All. Galium mirum Rech. fil. Galium octonarium (Klokov) Soo Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Galium palustre L. Galium parisiense L. Galium paschale Forskal Galium rotundifolium L. Galium scabrifolium (Boiss.) Hausskn. Galium tenuissimum Bieb. Galium tricornutum Dandy Galium velenovskyi Anev Galium verticillatum Danth. Galium verum L. Rubia tinctorium L. Sherardia arvensis L. Rutaceae (3/3) Dictamnus albus L. Haplophyllum suaveolens (DC.) G. Don fil. Ruta graveolens L. Salicaceae (2/12) Populus alba L. Populus canescens (Ait.) Sm. Populus nigra L. Populus tremula L. Salix alba L. Salix caprea L. Salix cinerea L. Salix eleagnos Scop.
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lit. 3 (o) SC SC Lit. 3 Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 Lit. 1 SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 3
Bal R
Bal
Bul
EN
P
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1
2
3
Salix fragilis L. SC Salix purpurea L. SC Salix triandra L. Lit. 3 (o) Salix xanticola Cristiansen SC Santalaceae (3/5) Comandra elegans (Roch ex Reichenb.) Reichenb. f. SC Osyris alba L. SC Thesium arvense Horvatovszky SC Thesium bavarum Schrank. Lit. 3 (o) Thesium divaricatum Jan. ex Mert. et Koch SC Saxifragaceae (2/6) Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. Lit. 3 Saxifraga graeca Boiss. SC Saxifraga mollis Sm. Lit. 1 Saxifraga paniculata Miller Lit. 3 Saxifraga rotundifolia L. SC Saxifraga tridactilites L. SC Scrophulariaceae (17/82) Bellardia trixago (L.) All. SC Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange SC Cymbalaria muralis Gaertner Lit. 3 Digitalis grandiflora Miller Lit. 3 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. SC Digitalis viridiflora Lindley SC Euphrasia picta Wimm. Lit. 3 (o) Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne Lit. 3 (o) Euphrasia stricta D. Walff. ex Lehm. SC Gratiola officinalis L. SC Kickxia commutata (Berh. Ex Rech.) Frisch Lit. 1 Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. SC Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. Lit. 1 Lathraea rhodopea Dingl. SC R Lathraea squamaria L. SC Linaria chalepensis (L.) Miller Lit. 1 Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller SC Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller SC Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Miller SC Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. SC Linaria vulgaris Miller SC Melampyrum arvense L. SC Melampyrum cristatum L. Lit. 3 (o) Melampyrum pratense L. Lit. 3 Melampyrum scardicum Wettst. Lit. 3 (o) Misopates orontium (L.) Rafin. SC Odontites lutea (L.) Clairv. Lit. 3 (o) Odontites verna (Bell.) Dumort. SC Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Garuel. SC Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmelin Lit. 3 (o) Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. SC Rhinanthus wagneri Degen Lit. 3 (o) Scrophularia canina L. SC Scrophularia nodosa L. SC Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe ex Pers. SC
4
5
R
109
6
7
P
Bal
P
Bal
R
P
Bal
Bal
110
A. PETROVA 1
Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. Verbascum abietinum Borbas Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp. Verbascum banaticum Schrader Verbascum blattaria L. Verbascum chaixii Vill. Verbascum crenatifolium Boiss. Verbascum densiflorum Bertol Verbascum humile Janka Verbascum juruk Stefanov Verbascum nigrum L. Verbascum orientale (L.) All. Verbascum ovalifolium J. Donn. Verbascum phlomoides L. Verbascum phoeniceum L. Verbascum rorripifolium (Halacsy) Fergus. Verbascum rupestre (Dav.) Fergus. Verbascum sinuatum L. Verbascum spathulisepalum Greuter et Rech. fil. Verbascum speciosum Schrader Verbascum xanthophoeniceum Griseb. Veronica acinifolia L. Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. Veronica arvensis L. Veronica austriaca L. Veronica barrelieri Schott ex Roemer et Schultes Veronica beccabunga L. Veronica chamaedrys L. Veronica grisebachii Walters. Veronica hederifolia L. Veronica krumovii (D. Peev) D. Peev Veronica montana L. Veronica officinalis L. Veronica orchidea Fries Veronica persica Poiret Veronica polita Fries Veronica praecox All. Veronica prostrata L. Veronica scardica Griseb. Veronica scutellata L. Veronica serpyllifolia L. Veronica teucrium L. Veronica triloba (Opiz) A. Kerner Veronica triphyllos L. Veronica urticifolia Jacq. Veronica verna L. Veronica vindobonensis (M. Fischer) M. Fischer Selaginellaceae (1/1) Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring Simaroubaceae (1/1) Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle Sinopteridaceae (1/1) Cheilanthes maranthae (L.) Domin.
2 Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 2 Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC Sc SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC Lit. 3 SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
3
4
5
6
7
R
P
Bal
EN EN
P
Bal Bul
R EN
P
Bal Bal
P
Bal
EN R
P Bal
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 Smilacaceae (1/1) Smilax excelsa L. Solanaceae (6/11) Atropa bella-donna L. Datura stramonium L. Hyoscyamus albus L. Hyoscyamus niger L. Lycium barbatum L. Physalis alkekengii L. Solanum alatum Moench Solanum dulcamara L. Solanum luteum Miller Solanum nigrum L. Solanum schultesii Opiz Sparganiaceae (1/1) Sparganium erectum L. Staphyleaceae (1/1) Staphylea pinnata L. Tamaricaceae (1/2) Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Tamarix tetrandra Pallas ex Bieb. Taxaceae (1/1) Taxus baccata L. Thymeleaceae (2/2) Daphne mezereum L. Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss. et Germ. Tiliaceae (1/3) Tilia cordata Miller Tilia pathyphyllos Scop. Tilia tomentosa Moench Trapaceae (1/1) Trapa natans L. Typhaceae (1/3) Typha angustifolia L. Typha latifolia L. Typha schutleworthii Koch et Sonder Ulmaceae (2/3) Celtis australis L. Ulmus glabra Hudson Ulmus minor Miller Urticaceae (2/4) Parietaria lusitanica L. Parietaria officinalis L. Urtica dioica L. Urtica urens L. Valerianaceae (2/12) Valeriana officinalis L. Valerianella carinata Loisel. Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. Valerianella costata Steven Valerianella dentata (L.) Poll. Valerianella locusta (L.) Later. Valerianella microcarpa Loisel.
2
3
4
5
6
SC SC SC SC Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 1 Lit. 3 (o) SC Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
R
Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 2 SC SC
EN
P
SC SC Lit. 3 (o) Lit. 3 (o) SC SC
App.I
R
P
SC SC Lit. 3 (o)
App.I
R
P
Lit. 2 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC
111 7
112
A. PETROVA 1
Valerianella muricata (Steven ex Bieb.) Loudon Valerianella pontica Lipsky Valerianella pumila (L.) DC. Valerianella rimosa Bast. Valerianella turgida (Steven) Betcke Verbenaceae (1/1) Verbena officinalis Voss. Violaceae (1/13) Viola aetolica Boiss. et Heldr. Viola alba Besser Viola ambigua Waldst. et Kit. Viola arvensis Murr. Viola canina L. Viola hirta L. Viola jordanii Hanry Viola kitaibeliana Schultes Viola odorata L. Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau Viola riviniana Reichenb. Viola suavis Bieb. Viola tricolor L. Vitaceae (1/1) Vitis vinifera L. Zannichelliaceae (1/1) Zannichellia palustris L. Zygophyllaceae (1/1) Tribulus terrestris L.
2
3
4
Lit. 2 Lit. 2 Lit. 1 SC SC
5
6
7
P
SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC SC SC SC SC SC Lit. 1 SC Lit. 3 (o) SC
Bal
SC Lit. 3 (o) SC
In brackets after the name of families the numbers of genera and species are given. Sources: SC - taxa, collected by the author (1991 - 2003) Lit. 1 - taxa, reported in a literature source for particular localities in Eastern Rhodopes. Lit. 2 - taxa, reported for Eastern Rhodopes in general literature sources for Bulgarian flora, without locality data. Lit. 3 - taxa, which distribution according general literature sources for Bulgarian flora covers part of the country, including Rhodopes. Lit. 3 (o) - taxa, which distribution according general literature sources for Bulgarian flora covers the whole country. 1997 IUCN Red Data Book (WALTER & GUILLETTE, 1998): V - Vulnerable R - rare European status: Iib; IVb - Annexes of Habitat Directive 92/43 App. 1 - Species, included in Appendix 1. Flora of the Bern Convention Red Data book (VELCHEV, 1992): EN - Endangered species R - rare species Biodiversity Act, 2002: P - protected species Endenism: Bul - Bulgarian endemic species Bal - Balcan endemic species
Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes
113
Annex 2 Floristic elements in the Eastern Rhodopes Flora (according to Dimitrov in ASSYOV et al., 2002) Floristic element
Species number
Adv Alp-Bal Alp-Carp-Bal Arct-Alp Bal Bal-Anat Bal-App Bal-CAs Bal-Cauc Bal-Dac Bal-Dac-Anat Boreal Carp-Bal Carp-Bal-Anat Eur Euro-As Euro-CAs Euro-Med Euro-Med-CAs Euro-NAm Euro-OT Euro-Pont Euro-Sib Euro-subMed Kos Med Med-As Med-CAs Med-OT Pann-Bal Pann-Pont Pont Pont-As Pont-Bal Pont-CAs Pont-Med Pont-OT Pont-Sib Pont-subMed SBoreal subMed subMed-As subMed-CAs
18 1 3 2 115 28 7 2 1 16 1 91 7 1 128 267 5 208 3 4 11 6 111 26 73 220 16 32 12 5 2 28 2 5 7 74 4 5 8 89 313 12 4
% 0.9% 0.05 % 0.15 % 0.1 % 5.9 % 1.4 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.05 % 0.8 % 0.05 % 4.6 % 0.4 % 0.05 % 6.5 % 13.7% 0.3 % 10.6 % 0.15 % 0.2 % 0.6 % 0.3 % 5.7 % 1.4 % 3.7 % 11.3 % 0.8 % 1.6 % 0.6 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 1.4 % 0.1 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 3.8 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 4.5 % 16 % 0.6 % 0.2 %
114
A. PETROVA References
ACHTAROV B. 1932. Einige für die Flora Bulgariens neue und seltene Pflanzenarten. - Bull. Soc. bot. Bulg., 5: 113-116. ANCHEV M. 1992. Carduus thracicus Velen. – In: Velchev V. (ed.). Atlas of the Endemic Plants in Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, p. 157. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). ANDREEV N., PEEV D. 1989. Echium L. – In.: Yordanov D. (ed.) Flora RP Bulgaricae. 9. Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 145-150. (In Bulgarian). ASSYOV B., DIMITROV D., VASSILEV R., PETROVA A. 2002. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Distribution maps and floristic elements. Bulg.-Swiss Biodiv. Conserv. Programme, Sofia, 424 pp. BANCHEVA S., DENCHEV TS. 2000. Occurrence and taxonomic investigation of Centaurea pichleri Boiss. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria. – Phyt. Balcanica, 6 (2-3): 167-175. BIODIVERSITY ACT. 2002. State Gazetee N 77, August 2002. BIODOIVERSITY SUPPORT PROGRAM. 1994. Conserving Biological diversity in Bulgaria: Biological Diversiry Conservation Strategy. Washington, 116 pp. BONDEV I., MARKOVA M., RADENKOVA J. 1967. Materials about the flora of the Rhodope and Southeast Bulgaria. – Mitt. Botan. Inst., 17: 263-265. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). CHERNEVA Zh. 1995. Notes on distribution of some Bulgarian plants. - In: Proceed. Jubileum symposium “100 years Acad. B. Stefanov”. 1. PSSA, Sofia, 172-174. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). CHESHMEDZHIEV I. 1967. Materialien über die Flora Bulgariens. - Scien. Works High. Agric. Inst., 16 (1): 221-226. (In: Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). DELIPAVLOV D. 1961. Neue Materialien und Bemerkungen zur Flora Bulgariens. – Scien. Works Higher Agricult. Inst., 9: 267-277. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). DELIPAVLOV D. 1988. Materials and notes for the Bulgarian flora. – Phytology, 34: 67-71. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). DELIPAVLOV D. 1990. Neue Materialen und chorologische Daten zur Flora von Bulgarien. – Feddes Repert., 101 (7-8): 341-345. DELIPAVLOV D. 1992. Materials of the flora of Bulgaria. - Thaiszia, 2: 59 –66. DELIPAVLOV D., DIMITROV S. 1972. Beitrag zum Studium der Flora Bulgariens. - Feddes Repert., 83 (7-8): 489-493. DELIPAVLOV D., STOICHEV G. 1994. Contribution for Bulgarian f lora. – Sci. Works Higher Inst. Agriculture, 39: 329-332. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ.). DENCHEV Ts., DIMITROV D., SHARKOVA S. 1997. New chorological data on vascular plants in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcanica, 3 (1): 143-147. DIMITROV D., PAVLOVA D. 2000. New chorological data for the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. and Slavjanka Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., 92 (2): 136-140. GAJIĆ M., 1984. Floristic elements SR Srbije. – In: SARIĆ M., Vegetation de la Republique Socialiste de Serbie, 1: 317-408. GANCHEV I., 1963. Floristische Materialien and Notizen. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 9: 141-143. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Ger.). GERASIMOVA I., PETROVA A. 2003. Distribution of Himantoglossum caprinum (M. Bieb.) Sprengler in Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. de Sofia, 94 (4): 93-96. GERASIMOVA I., PETROVA A., VENKOVA D. 1998. Ophrys apifera Hudson reestablished in the Bulgarian flora. – Phytol. balcanica, 4 (3): 53-55. GREIG-SMITH P., 1964. Quantitative plant ecology, 2-nd ed. London. GUSEV Ch., UZUNOV D., DENCHEV Ts., APOSTOLOV K. 1998. Floristic studies on the reserve “Valchi dol” (the Eastern Rhodopes Mts.). - In: Proceed. Jubilee Scien. Conf. “70-th Anniv. Forest Research Inst.”, Sofia, 2: 168-173. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). GUSSEV Ch., UZUNOV D., DENCHEV Ts., APOSTOLOV K. 1998. New chorological data on vascular plants in the Eastern Rhodopes. - Phytol. Balcan., 4 (1-2): 187-195. KITANOV B. 1943. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora Nordost Rhodopen in Bulgarien. – Spis. BAN, 68 (3): 4979. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). KOZHUCHAROV S. 1965. The species of genus Medicago L. (Lucerne) in Bulgaria. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 15: 119188. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Ger.).
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KOZHUCHAROV S. 1976. Medicago L. – In: Yordanov D. (ed.). Flora of PR Bulgaria, 6: 282-318. (In Bulgarian). KOZHUCHAROV S. 1981. State of the Investigation on the Fund, Distribution and Phytogeographical Connections of the Genus Festuca in Bulgaria. - Ann Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 75 (2): 11-20. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KOZHUCHAROV S. 1983. Academic Daki Jordanov and his Opus magnus. – In: Proceed. “90 years academic Daki Jordanov”, Omurtag, 12-29. (In Bulgarian). KOZHUCHAROV S. (ed.). 1992. A guide book of higher plants in Bulgaria. - Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 788 p. (In Bulgarian). KOZHUCHAROV S., PEEV D., NIKOLOV N., ANCHEV M., PETROVA A. 1983. Conservation, Representation and Use of the Current Chorological Information. – Fitologia, 22: 61-80. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). KUZMANOV B. 1984. Anthemis spp. – In: Velchev V. (ed.). Red Data Book of Bulgaria. 1. Plants. Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 383-388. (In Bulgarian). MARKOVA M. 1989. Chromosome numbers of Bulgarian angiosperms. – Fitologia, 36: 67-68. MARKOVA M., CHERNEVA Zh. 1984. Kariological Studies on Two New Species to the Bulgarian Flora. – Phytology, 27: 35-39. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). OLFIELD S., JENKINS S., MACKINVEN A. 1998. The World list of Threatened trees. World Conservation Press. London. PANOV P. 1975a. Floristical notes and critical notes. II. – Fitologia, 1: 88-96. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PANOV P. 1975b. New plants and critical notes on Bulgarian Flora – In: Sbornik “Academic Daki Yordanov”, Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 245-252. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PAVLOVA D. 2001. Mountain vegetation on serpentine areas in Eastern and Central Rhodopes Mts. – ecology and conservation. - In: Radaglou K. (ed.). Proceed. Intern. Conf. Forest Research: A Challenge for an Integrated European Approach, 1: 227-232. PAVLOVA D., KOZHUCHAROVA E., DIMITROV D. 2000. New chorological data for the flora of the East Rhodopes Mts. - Ann Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 90 (2): 77-83. PAVLOVA D., KOZUHAROV S., DIMITROV D., KOZUHAROVA E. 1997. New chorogical data and critical notes for the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). - Ot sistem. Bot. Dergisi., 4 (1): 3-8. PEEV D., ANCHEV M, IVANOVA D., KOZHUCHAROV S., PETROVA A., TSONEVA S. 1993. Biological diversity of higher plants in Bulgaria. – In: Sakaljan M. (ed.). National Biological Diversity Consevation Strategy. Sofia, 1: 73-124. (In Bulgarian). PETKOVA-VARADINOVA D. 2002. Biosystematic study of genus Crepis (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria. - PhD Thesis, Sofia (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROVA A. 1973. Taxonomic study of the wild species of the genus Linum L. (Flax) in Bulgaria. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 23: 15-76. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). PETROVA A. 2001. The flora of Bulgaria, past, present and future. – In: Proceedings of the 2nd Balkan Botanical Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 14-18 May 2000, 47-52. PETROVA A. 2002. Biosistematic and Floristic studies in Bulgaria for the period 1993-2000. – In: Temniskova D. (ed.). VI-th Nat. Conference – Botany, Sofia, June, 18-20 2001, 27-46. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROVA A., VELCHEV V. In press. List of the Bulgarian endemic species. – In: Petrova A. (ed.). Atlas of Bulgarian endemic plants. Gea Libris, Sofia. PETROVA A. 1995. Nature protection status of rare orchids in Bulgaria. – In: Proceed. Jubileum symposium “100 years Acad. B. Stefanov”. 1. PSSA, Sofia, 86-89. (In Bulgarian, summ Engl.). PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VASILEV R. 1998a. A Contribution to the Flora of Eastern Rhodopes. Hist. nat. bulg., 9: 115-127. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VENKOVA D. 1999. New data for the Flora of Eastern Rhodope Mountains. - Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 117-123. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VENKOVA D. 2001. Orchids in the protected areas “Dupkata” and “Likana” in Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Proceedings Third Balk. Sci. Conf. “Study, Conservation and Utilization of Forest Resources”, 2: 434-439. PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VASILEV R., GERASIMOV G. 1998b. One locality of Taxus baccata L., Adianthum capillus-veneris L. and other relict and rare species in Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Proceed. Jubilee Scien. Conf. “70th Anniv. Forest Research Inst.”, Sofia, 2: 158-161. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
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PETROVA A., VASILEV R., CHRISTOV Ch., GERASIMOVA I. 2004. New data and notes on the Flora of Eastern Rhodopes Mountains. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 131-138. PETROVA A., VENKOVA D., GERASIMOVA I., STOJANOV J. 2002. New data on the distribution of some Orchid species (Orchidaceae) in Bulgaria. – In: Temniskova D. (ed.). VI-th Nat. Conf. – Botany, Sofia, 1820 June 2001, 183-187. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROVA A., UZUNOV D., GERASIMOVA I., GUSEV Ch., DENCHEV Ts., APOSTOLOV K., VASILEV R. 1997. Flora and vegetation of Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Conservation of biological diversity of Eastern Rhodopes. Reports of the I-st phase of BSBCP. BSBCP, Sofia. (In Bulgarian). POPOVA M. 1972. Materialien über die bulgarische Flora. – Scien. Works High. Agric. Inst., 21 (1): 109-111. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). RABINOVICH D. 1981. Seven forms of rarity. – In: Synge H. (ed.). The Biological Aspects of Rare Plants Conservation. John Willey & Sons, London, 205-216. RADKOV V. 2003. Arbutus unedo L. – a new species to the dendroflora of Strandja Moutains. – Gora, 5: 14-15. (In Bulgarian). RUSSAKOVA V., VITKOVA A. 1996. Habitat and population characteristics of Ruta graveolens L. in Bulgaria. - Fitologia, 48: 28-38. STANEV S. 1992. Quercus coccifera L. in the Eastern Rhodope. - Bull. Museums South Bulgaria, 18: 23-26. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STEFANOV B. 1943. Phytogeographische Elemente in Bulgarien. – Recueil Acad. Bulg. Sci., 39: 509 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). STEFANOV B. 1966. Nachträgliche Materialien zur Flora SüdBulgarien. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 16: 223-234. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). STEFANOV B., NEDJALKOV S. 1956. Quercus thracica nov. spec. Arbor Memorabilis. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 5: 39-40. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). STEFANOV B., STOJANOV N. 1923. Beitrag zur Flora Bulgarien und Mazedoniens. - Österr. bot. Zeischr., 72 (1-5): 86-92. STEFANOVA-GATEVA B. 1995. Verbascum L. – In: Yordanov D. (ed.). Flora Republicae Bulgaricae, 10: 26 100. (In Bulgarian). STOICHEV S., PETROVA A. 2003. Protected Areas in Eastern Rhodopes and Sakar Mountains. - Bulg. Soc. Protect. Birds, Sofia, 49 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STOJANOV N. 1928. Über die in Bulgarien vorkommenden Formen von Verbascum humile Janka. – Mitt.. Kцnigl. naturwiss. Inst., 1: 142-144. STOJANOV N. 1932. Floristische Notizen. - Bull. Soc. bot. Bulg., 5: 98-100. STOJANOV N., STEFANOV B. 1921. Für die Flora Bulgariens neue und seltene Pflanzen. – Trav. Soc. bulg. sci. natur., 9: 51-56. STOJANOV N., STEFANOV B. 1924a. Flora Bulgarica., 2-nd ed. Gutenberg, Sofia, 1367 pp. (In Bulgarian). STOJANOV N., STEFANOV B. 1924b. Ein neuer Beitrag zur Flora Bulgariens. - Österr. bot. Zeitchr., 10-12: 281-283. STOJANOV N., STEFANOV B. 1948. Flora Bulgarica. 3-th ed., Univers. Publ. House, Sofia, 1361 pp. (In Bulgarian). STOJANOV N., ACHTAROV B., GEORGIEFF T. 1934. Materialen zur Kenntnis der Flora Bulgarien. - Bull. Soc. bot. Bulg., 6: 63-73. STOJANOV N., KITANOV B., VELCHEV V. 1955. Floristical Materials from Eastern Rhodopes - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 4: 111-117. (In Bulgarian). STOJANOV N., STEFANOV B., KITANOV B. 1967-68. Flora Bulgarica. 4-th ed. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 1324 pp. (In Bulgarian). TRIFONOV V. 2003. Will we conserve the rare plants in Eastern Rhodopes? – Za ptitsite, 3: 8-9. (In Bulgarian). UZUNOV D., GUSEV Ch., APOSTOLOV K. 2002. Chorological data for some plant species with conservation value in the Eastern Rhodopes Mt. (South-East Bulgaria). – In: Proceedings of 6-th Symposium on Flora of the Southeastern Serbia, Sokobanja, 2000, 47-55. UZUNOV D., GUSEV Ch., DENCHEV Ts., APOSTOLOV K. 1998. Notes on the distribution of Serapias vomeraceae (Burm.) Briq. (Orchidaceae) in the Eastern Rhodopes. – Phytol. Balcanica, 4 (3): 115-119. VASILEVA S. 1977. Protected and subject to protection places in Kardjali district. Sofia, 54 pp. (In Bulgarian). VASILEVA S., TODOROVA S. 1994. The Richness of one southern region. Kardjali, 84 pp. (In Bulgarian).
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VASILEVA S., VICHODTSEVSKI N. 1974. Supplement pour la Flore des Rhodopes Orientales. - Ann Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 66 (2): 41-44. (In Bulgarian). VELCHEV V. 1970. Convolvulus compactus Boiss. in Bulgaria. - Mitt. Botan. Inst., 20: 115-122. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). VELCHEV V. (ed.). 1984. Red Data Book of Bulgaria. 1. Plants. Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 448 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). VELCHEV V. (ed.). 1992. Atlas of the Endemic Plants in Bulgaria. Acad. Publ. House, 205 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VELCHEV V., MARKOVA M, VASILEVA S. 1989. Genus Arbutus L. with A. andrachne L. и A. unedo L. – new for Bulgarian dendroflora. – Fitologia: 36: 10-13. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). VITKOVA A., KUZMANOV B. 1987. Distribution of Ruta graveolens L. in Bulgaria. – Proceed. IV-th Nation. Conf. - Botany, 2: 98-100. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). WALTER K.S., GIULLETT H. J. (eds). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, Cambridge. YORDANOV D. 1940. Materialien zur Kenntnis der Flora von Bulgarien. 1938-39. – Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Phys.-Matem., 36: 251-262. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). YORDANOV D. (ed.). 1963-1995. Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgarica. 1 (1963); 2 (1964); 3 (1966); 4 (1970); 5 (1973); 6 (1976); 7 (1979); 8 (1982); 9 (1989); 10 (1995) [Volume 10 as Flora Republicae Bulgaricae]. Acad. Publ. House, Sofia. ZIELINSKI J. 1992. Salix xanticola (Salicaceae) – a species new to Bulgaria. – Franm. Flor. Geobot., 37 (2): 499501.
Author’s address: Antoaneta Petrova Botanical Garden Bulgarian Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 664 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Флората на Източните Родопи (България) и нейната консервационна значимост Антоанета ПЕТРОВА (Р е з ю м е) Родопите са най-богатият флористичен район в България с 2483 вида (ASSYOV et al., 2002) висши растения. Анализът, основаващ се на персонални данни и литературни източници, показва, че флората на българската част на Източни Родопи наброява 1930-1980 вида. Списъкът, приложен в работата, включва 1962 вида. Те са разделени в 5 групи в зависимост от източника и достоверността на данните по отношение на срещането им в Източните Родопи. Видовете, за които има персонални сборове, са 1344 (70%.). Този брой видове поставя Източните Родопи на второ място по богатство сред 3-те флористични подрайона на Родопите (след Средни Родопи). Флората на Източните Родопи е побогата, отколкото флората на редица флористични райони в страната със сходна площ и сходен диапазон на надморската височина. Представители на 123 растителни семейства (83% от семействата, представени в българската флора) се срещат в района. Отчитайки неголемия диапазон на надморската височина, както и отсъствието на някои типове хабитати в района, установеното разнообразие на видове, родове и семейства поставя Източни Родопи сред флористично най-богатите райони на страната. Трите най-богати семейства са Сложноцветните (Asteraceae) с 237 вида, Бобовите (Fabaceae) със 173 и Житните (Poaceae) със 163 вида. 15-те най-богати на видове семейства са същите, както
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общо за флората на България, но има значими различия в подреждането им. Различията са свързани с географското положение на флористичния под район и силното средиземноморско влияние. Процентното участие на Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae и Boraginaceae е увеличено, докато това на Cyperaceae и Rosaceae е по-ниско от това във флората на страната като цяло. Установени са 23 български и 92 балкански ендемични вида. Процентното участие на ендемичния компонент (български и балкански) е 5.9%. То е по-ниско от средното за страната. Възможното обяснение е свързано с липсата на обособени центрове на видовобразуване (формообразователни огнища), но вероятно е свързано и с липсата на биосистематични проучвания в района. Присъствието на ендемични видове в родовете Verbascum, Anthemis и Centaurea е значително. 22 вида са ендемитите от Asteraceae (Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. et Acht., Anthemis virescens Velen., Carduus thracicus (Velen.) Hayek, Centaurea inermis Velen., Centaurea pseudoaxillaris Stef. et T. Georg., Cirsium stojanovii Kuzmanov, Tragopogon stribrnyi Hayek, Achillea clypeolata Sm., etc.). По брой на ендемитите следват Caryophyllaceae (Minuartia bulgarica (Velen.) Griseb., Cerastium decalvans Schlosser, Dianthus moesiacus Vis. et Pančić, Dianthus cruentus Griseb., etc.) и Scrophulariaceae (Digitalis viridiflora Lindley, Lathraea rhodopaea Dingler, Verbascum rupestre (Dav.) Fergus., Verbascum adrianapolitanum Podp., Verbascum rorripifolium (Halacsy) Fergus., etc.). Във фитогеографско отношение съставът на флората е сложен. От главните фитогеографски групи най-голяма е тази на Медитеранския (средиземноморски) флористичен елемент. В по-тясен смисъл, в тази главна група, Субмедитеранските видове са по-голям брой от Медитеранските (Стеномедитеранските) и Балкански видове, които също са представени със значителен брой видове. Присъствието на широко разпространени видове – Евроазиатски, Циркумполярни и Космополитни флорни елементи е значително и е свързано с разнообразието на екологичните условия в региона, височинния диапазон и вековната човешка дейност. Няма анализи на флората на съседните флористични райони, така че само най-общо сравнение може да бъде направено. Сравнението на базата на общи видове по двойки райони показва, че по този показател флората на Източни Родопи има по-голямо сходство с тази на Тунджанската хълмиста низина и Тракийската равнина, отколкото със Средни Родопи. Броят на видовете с консервационен статус, достоверно срещащи се в района, е както следва: - 12 световно редки вида; - 2 вида, включени в Приложенията на Habitat Directive; - 5 вида, включени в Appendix 1 на Бернската конвенция; - 13 застрашени и 101 редки вида от Червената книга на България (от 763 вида за страната); - 83 защитени вида (14.2% от всички защитени видове в страната). В работата накратко са посочени данни за разпространението и състоянието на популациите за повечето от тези видове. Няма конкретно локализирани данни за срещането в района на още 2 глобално застрашени или редки вида, 2 вида от Appendix 1 на Бернската конвенция, 5 застрашени и 12 редки вида от Червената книга на България и 8 защитени вида. Сред видовете, срещащи се в Източните Родопи, 22 са тези, чието разпространение в България е ограничено само в този район. Данните, посочени по-горе, ясно показват консервационното значение на флората на Източните Родопи. При всяка от групите консервационно значими видове, процентът на видовете, достоверно известни за Източните Родопи, сравнен с процентът за страната като цяло, е повисок, отколкото е процентът на площта на Източните Родопи спрямо площта на страната.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Flora of the serpentine complexes in Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Dolja PAVLOVA, Dimitar DIMITROV, Ekaterina KOŽUHAROVA
Pavlova D., Dimitrov D., Kožuharova E. 2004. Flora of the serpentine complexes in Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 119-129. Abstract. Investigations have been carried out in the Belorechenski Massif in Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes. The serpentine bodies in the region of the villages of Golyamo Kamenyane, Fotinovo and Dobromirtsi were also investigated. These serpentines belong to the Precambrian crystalline complex and range from several square meters to 10-12 km2. As a result of the investigations in the region, the composition of the serpentine flora was listed - 440 species, subspecies and varieties of 229 genera belonging to 59 families were identified. Subdivision Magnoliophytina includes 435 (98.86%) taxa, 4 taxa belong to Polypodiophyta (0.91%) and 1 belongs to Pinophytina (0.23%). Fabaceae family is the richest in species (58 species) followed by Poaceae (47), Asteraceae (37), Caryophyllaceae (32), etc. The Red Data book of Bulgaria comprises 21 taxa known from the serpentines in the study area. The number of endemic taxa comprises 31 Bulgarian and Balkan endemics . They all possess xeromorphous structure and are of perennial vegetative type. Key words: flora, serpentine complexes, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The ultrabase rocks are characterized by specific flora, which differs from other floras by its speciation processes and morphotypes. They are also characterized by the presence of neo- and paleoendemics, as their formation depends on the biological and geological history of the particular territory (BROOKS, 1987). What makes their flora different are the huge xeromorphism and the significant changes and dispersion of species population. From a geological viewpoint, the serpentine bodies in Bulgaria are very old; therefore, they have undergone metamorphic processes, which have brought about the greater variety in the chemical type of the rocks and, respectively, the soils formed above them (KOŽUHAROVA, 1984, 1985). These facts, along with the lack of special floristic investigations of the serpentines in Bulgaria, determine the interest in such kind of research. Although the largest serpentine massifs of the Balkan Peninsula are situated in Albania and the former Yugoslavian countries, they are still poorly investigated, and the data on their flora are insufficient. According to BROOKS (1987), the serpentine rocks in
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Greece, despite their vast area, are also poorly investigated. During the last decades, the serpentine flora in Greece has been intensively investigated by BABALONAS (1983, 1984, 1988, 1989), BABALONAS et al. (1984), BABALONAS & REEVES (1988), KARATAGLIS et al. (1982), KOUNSTANTINOU & BABALONAS (1996), etc. The authors pay attention to the ecology of the plant populations and the accumulation of heavy metals in certain plant species. The investigations of the serpentine flora in Bulgaria are sporadic. Data on new taxa were published by KOŽUHAROV (1985), PAVLOVA & DIMITROV (2001), PAVLOVA et al. (2002), DIMITROV & PAVLOVA (2002). Basic data, obtained by the investigation of the flora in the serpentines in the Rhodope Mountain, were presented by PAVLOVA et al. (1997, 1998), PAVLOVA (2001 a, b). The investigations carried out in the Eastern Rhodopes so far are mainly floroanalytical and represent a step in the studies of the serpentines in Bulgaria. The goal of the present investigation is to determine the specific floral complex as well as the formation role of the ultrabase rock.
Materials and methods We selected the Belorechenski Massif as an investigation site. It is one of the largest serpentine complexes in the Eastern Rhodopes with a typical ring-shape and no direct connection with the center of volcanic activity (KOŽUHAROV, 1985). The serpentine bodies in the region of the villages of Golyamo Kamenyane, Fotinovo and Dobromirtsi were also investigated. These serpentines belong to the Precambrian crystalline complex and range from several square meters to 10-12 km2. The content of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr and Ni was determined in its chemical composition (KOŽUHAROVA, 1984). The description of the sites was made in accordance with the flora and the vegetation, the soil and the relief connected with them. According to the climate, the study area belongs to the South Bulgarian climatic region with well-expressed Mediterranean influence (TISHKOV, 1982). The serpentine terrains fall into the boundaries of the Eastern Rhodopes floristic subregion and the xerothermic oak forest belt (VELCHEV et al., 1982). The investigations were carried out during the period 1995-2001. The following transections were chosen: 1. Golyamo Kamenyane Village, on the east towards Gugutka Village (41°22´N; 25°48´E), 450-470 m a. s. l. 2. Zhalti Chal Village (41°19´N; 25°58´E), 350 m a. s. l. 3. Kazak Village – Hambar-Dere Valley (41°22´N; 25°54´E), 380-300 m a. s. l. 4. Avren Village – southwards to the state border (41°18´N; 25°45´E), 600-650 m a. s. l. 5. Fotinovo Village westwards to Varbitsa River (41°17´N; 25°20´E), 300 m a. s. l. 6. Dobromirtsi Village, south-facing slope, in western direction to the town of Zlatograd (41°20´N; 25°12´E), 280 m a. s. l. These transections correspond to quadrants FL-98, MF-17, MF-08, LF-97, LF-68 and LF-58 of the UTM grid map of the country respectively in scale 1:500 000, Fig. 1). The displacement of the region is between 280 and 650 m a. s. l. The transections were selected
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Fig. 1. UTM Grid map (Scale 1:500 000) showing the investigated serpentine terrains in the Eastern Rhodopes by transections (numbers according to the text) in order to comprise terrains, which have an outlet on the base rock regarding the precision of its determination. The plant material was determined using the Bulgarian Flora, as well as “Flora Europaea” and “Flora of Turkey” . Plant specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Sofia University (SO). The floristic analysis was presented according to MEUSEL (1965) and GLAVAC et al. (1972). The data in “Flora of Bulgaria”, “Flora of USSR”, “Flora Europaea” and “Flora of Turkey” were used as a base of common distribution. This method affords greater opportunities for a precise florogenetic description of the taxa, thus providing a base to search for the common features of the chorias. The calculations are based on the database summarized by KOŽUHAROV et al. (1992).
Results A large part of the serpentine massives is covered by secondary oak forests, which change into shibljaks on southern slopes and are completely patent in certain places. Another huge part, mainly on southern and western slopes, is completely devoid of tree vegetation and the herbaceous flora comprises separate small and dispersed population or populations with mosaic structure. The primary vegetation is Southeast European or East Asian: Quercus frainetto Ten., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. cerris L. and more sparsely Q.
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erucifolia Stev. combined with Euonymus verrucosus Scop. Communities of Carpinus betulus L. have developed in certain places in the northern slopes and the humid ravines of Cherna planina Mountain. In the crest of the mountain they turn into sparse beech forests. Hornbeam-and-beech communities have also developed in the upper course of Byala river where the relative air humidity is high and their flora is mainly CentroEuropean and does not undergo formation processes due to its mesophyte nature and lack of stress factors. Their composition comprises also Tilia cordata Mill., Acer pseudoplatanus L., A. campestre L. The investigated terrains are devoid of woodlands and dispersed bush forms of some tree species (brushwood). The brushwood communities also comprise Juniperus oxycedrus L., Fraxinus ornus L., Acer campestre L., A. monspessulanum L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Pistacia terebintus L., Rhamnus catarticus L., Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Cystus incanus L., Dichantium ischaemum L., Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin., Poa bulbosa L., etc. Their herbaceous flora, as well as that of the deforested slopes with typical dispersed and highly xeromorphous plant communities, are subject to the present investigation. The herbaceous layer of the secondary forests consists of mesophilous grasses , most of them beingmiddleeuropean and submediterranean geoelements. In these communities, mainly on the open places, the following species are found: Festuca heterophylla Lam., F. valesiaca Schl., F. rupicola Neic., Taeniatherum critinum (Schreb.) Nevski, Aegilops ovata L., Scleranthus perennis L., Thalictrum minus L., Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl., R. vicaria L., Potentilla argentea L., Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., Digitalis lanata Ehrh., Campanula persicifolia L., etc.
Floristic composition Taxonomical structure. As a result of the investigations in the region, the composition of the serpentine flora was listed - 440 species, subspecies and varieties of 229 genera belonging to 59 families were identified. Subdivision Magnoliophytina includes 435 (98.86%) taxa, 4 taxa belong to Polypodiophyta (0.91%) and 1 belongs to Pinophytina (0.23%). In Magnoliophytina subdivision, the monocotyledons comprise 87 taxa (19.77% of all taxa ), and the dicotyledons are 348 (79.09%). Fabaceae family is the richest in species (58 species) followed by Poaceae (47), Asteraceae (37), Caryophyllaceae (32), Lamiaceae (25), Scrophulariaceae (16), Cyperaceae (14), Rosaceae (17), Rubiaceae (17), Apiaceae (14), Brassicaceae (13), Boraginaceae (12), etc. Poaceae family is the most numerous in genera (29) followed by Asteraceae (20), Fabaceae (15), Caryophyllaceae (14), Lamiaceae (13), Apiaceae (11), Scrophulariaceae (9), Brassicaceae (8), Boraginaceae (6), Orchidaceae (6), Liliaceae (5), etc. The most numerous genera are of great importance in determing the specificity of a particular flora. On the grounds of the present investigation, we determined that the bestrepresented genera are Trifolium (23), Carex (11), Galium (10), Vicia (8), Bromus (7), Silene (7), Rosa (7), Verbascum (6), Potentilla (5), Sedum (5), Dianthus (5), Ornithogalum (5), etc. On the ground of the analysis of the biological type 130 (29.5%) annuals (ann) herbaceous (terrophytes), 212 (48.18%) perennials (per) herbaceous (hemicryptophytes and cryptophytes), 11 (2.5%) trees (h2) (phanerophytes), 28 (6.36%) shrubs (h1) (hame-
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phytes), 4 (0.9%) semi-shrubs (h), 19 (4.31%) annual-biennials (ann-bi), 13 (2.95%) biennials, 7 (1.59%) biennial-perennials (bi-per), and 16 (3.63%) others. The results of the analysis on the biological types indicated that the perennials predominate followed by the annuals, the bushes, etc. (Fig. 2). Florogenetical analysis. The analysis on the floristic elements gives an idea of the origin and the specific phytogeographical specifity of the investigated flora. The plants established are assigned to the following basic groups of floristic elements: circumboreal – 8.98% of the total number of species established for the region; european and middleeuropean – 20.2%; mediterranean and submediterranean – 33.18%; euroasiatic – 9.54%; ponticmiddleasiatic – 9.75%; orientalturanian – 9.76%; euroamerican – 0.68%; cosmopolic – 1.51%; endemics – (Bulgarian and Balkan) – 6.13%. The percent allocation of the groups confirms the data of STOJANOV (1941), for this region. The results indicate a major percentage of the submediterranean (Cionura erecta (L.) Griseb., Vincetoxicum fuscatum (Hornem.) Rchb. fil., Hypochaeris glabra L., Carduus candicans W. et K. subsp. glaber (Velen.) Kazmi., Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitm., Neatostema apulum (L.) Johnst., Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br., Clypeola jonthlaspi L., Scleranthus polycarpos L., Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill., Xolanthes guttatus (L.) Rafin., Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch, Genista carinalis Griseb., Trifolium bocconei Savi, T. cherleri L., T. lappaceum L., Vicia incisa Bieb, etc.) and the mediterranean geoelements (Bellis sylvestris Cyr., Centaurea rutifolia S. et S., Crepis sancta (L.) Babck., Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass., Picris pauciflora Willd., Sedum ochroleucum Chaix, Cuscuta approximata Bab.; the annual Fabaceous Ornithopus compressus L., Trifolium hirtum All., T. subterraneum L.; the annual Poaceous Taeniatherum critinum (Schreb.) Nevski, Bromus intermedius Guss., etc.). This main group also encompasses mediterranean (7.59%), submediterranean (18.63%), balkananatolian (1.59%), submediterranean-mediterranean (1.14%), mediterranean-middleasiatic (1.14%) and submediterranean-mediterranean-oriental-turanian (1.14%) geoelements. Live forms 250 212
number of species
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There is a high percentage of pontic-middleasiatic (9.75%) and oriental-turanian (9.76%) geoelements on the investigated terrains, which confirms that the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes is related to that of Asia Minor. This relationship is confirmed by species such as Polygala anatolica Boiss. et Heldr., Rorippa thracica (Griseb.) Fritsch., Onosma aucherana DC., Genista anatolica Boiss., Hypericum cerastioides (Spach.) N. Robson, H. olympicum l., Galium heldreichii Hal., Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Crucianella latifolia L., etc. The group of species with anatolian distribution is considerable – 3.18%. The percentage of european and middle-european geoelements is relatively high (20.2%). This group encompasses Antriscus nitida (Wahlenb.), Garcke, Bupleurum commutatum Boiss. et Balansa, Euphorbia cyparissias L., Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., Lotus corniculatus W. et K., Quercus cerris L., Q. frainetto Ten., Q. pubescens Willd., Crocus flavus West., Melittis melissophyllum L., Plantago media L., Melica uniflora Retz., Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq., etc. The higher percentage of middle-european and european geoelements determined in the region of Avren village (transection 4) is due to the relatively higher altitude of the southern crest, where the Bulgarian state border passes, as floristic relationships with the neighboring Central Rhodopes subregion are established mainly by the species distributed in Central and North Europe. The submediterranean, mediterranean, pontic-mediterranean, mediterranean-asiatic and submediterranean-asiatic species are 203 in total or half of the total number of taxa established. The floristical analysis presented that the flora of the serpentines in the Eastern Rhodopes is dominated by submediterranean geoelements, followed by Mediterranean, european and euroasiatic geoelements, thus confirming the analyses carried out by STOJANOV (1941) for that part of the mountain. Floristic complex. The total number of endemic taxa posess 26 Balkan species and subspecies and 6 Bulgarian endemic taxa. They all xeromorphous structure and perennial vegetative type. As a result of the investigation, the following Balkan endemics were established: Armeria rumelica Boiss., Dianthus moesiacus Vis. et Panč., D. cruentus Griseb., D. gracilis S. et S., D. corymbosus Sibth. et Sm., Scabiosa triniifolia Friv., Genista rumelica Velen., Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Onosma thracica Velen., Inula aschersoniana Janka, Linum tauricum Willd., subsp. bulgaricum (Podp.) Petrova, Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp., Galium mirum Reichb., Moenhia graeca Boiss. et Heldr., Micromeria dalmatica Benth. subsp. bulgarica (Velen.) Guinea, Jurinea mollis (L.) Rchb. subsp. anatolica (Boiss.) Stoj. et Stef., Tragopogon balcanicum Velen., Silene gigantea L., Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss., Koeleria penzesii Ujh., K. simonkaii Adam., Poa media Schur, Digitalis viridiflora Lindl., Verbascum humile Janka, Viola aetolica Boiss. et Heldr., Thymus bracteosus Vis ex Bentham and the Bulgarian endemics Oenanthe millefolia Janka, Stachys cretica Ančev ssp. bulgarica Rech., Saponaria stranjensis D. Jord., Galium velenovskyi Ančev, Verbascum nobile Velen. and Festuca oviniformis Vett. For the floristic region Rhodopes, the second richest in number of Bulgarian endemics, VELCHEV et al. (1992) reported 80 species. Six Bulgarian endemics on the serpentine terrains of the Eastern Rhodopes are established, they account for 1.36% of the total number of Bulgarian endemics in the mountain. The list of 31 endemic taxa account for 6.8 % of the total number of taxa determined, which reveals the importance of the serpentines for the plant biodiversity of the country.
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Conservation importance of the species from the floristic complex. The Red Data Book of Bulgaria (VELCHEV ed., 1984) comprises 21 taxa known from the serpentines in the study area: Asplenium cuneifolium Viv., Oenanthe millefolia Janka, O. pimpinelloides L., Bupleurum gerardii All., Tragopogon balcanicum Velen., Echium plantagineum L., Dianthus moesiacus Vis. et Panč. subsp. moesiacus, Saponaria stranjensis D. Jord., Convolvulus boissieri Stend. subsp. parnassicus (Boiss. et Orph.) Kuzm., Vicia incisa Bieb., V. laeta Cesati, Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Ronn., ex Fritsch, Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. et Reichb., Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Linum tauricum Willd. subsp. bulgaricum (Podp.) Petrova, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz., Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq., Crucianella latifolia L., Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp., V. humile Janka, V. nobile Velen. Of the taxa listed, only Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp. is included in the European List of Rare and Endangered Species, 18 taxa are classified as rare and three as endangered (Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. et Reichb., Verbascum humile Janka, and V. nobile Velen.). Two of the species are Tertiary relicts: Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz., Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. On the ground of the Law of Biological Diversity (State Gazette, No. 77 / 9.8.2002, Decree 283), Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. falls into the category of threatened species subject to extinction. The same species is also included in the List of Protected Species together with Asplenium cuneifolium Viv., Saponaria stranjensis D. Jord., Convolvulus boissieri Stend. subsp. parnassicus (Boiss. et Orph.) Kuzm., Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. et Reichb., Stachys cretica L. subsp. bulgarica Rech., Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham, Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz., Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq., Spiranthes spyralis (L.) Chevall., Apera interrupta (L.) Beauv. and Verbascum adrianopolitanum Podp. The species Bupleurum commutatum Boiss. et Balanse, B. gerardii All., Crocus flavus West., Gladiolus illyricus Koch., Ruscus aculeatus L., Primula acaulis (L.)L., subsp. acaulis, Orchis laxiflora Lam. are under a special regime of conservation and regulatory use. As a result of the present investigation, the species Apera interrupta (L.) Beauv. and Bromus intermedius Guss. have been confirmed in the Bulgarian flora, and Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham is new to Bulgarian flora. Another 31 taxa turned out to be new to the flora of that part of the Rhodopes: Asplenium cuneifolium Viv., Antriscus nitida (Wahlenb.) Garcke, Bupleurum gerardii All., Centaurea rutifolia S. et S. subsp. rutifolia, Lactuca perennis L., Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass., Capsella rubella Reut., Thlaspi goesingense Hal., Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk., M. viscosa (Schreb.) Schinz et Thell., Silene supina Bieb., Sedum rubens L., Cuscuta approximata Bab., C. epithymum (L.) L. subsp. epithymum, C. planiflora Ten., Euphorbia seguerana Neck., Trifolium lappaceum L. subsp. adrianopolitanum Velen., T. subterraneum L. var. brachycladum Gib. et Belli, Vicia incisa Bieb., V. laeta Cesati, Centaurium turcicum (Velen.) Ronn. ex Thell., Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh., Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch, Rosa arvensis Hudson, R. mollis Sm. in Sowerby, R. turcica Rouy, Galium heldreichii Hal. subsp. protopycnotrichum (Ehrend. et Krendl) Anиev, Kickxia commutata (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Fritsch and Viola aetolica Boiss. (PAVLOVA et al., 1998; PAVLOVA & DIMITROV, 2001; PAVLOVA et al., 2002; DIMITROV & PAVLOVA, 2002).
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The speciation role of the serpentines depends on the complex interaction of ecological factors where natural selection conditions exercise a great influence on the plants occupying the specific ecological niches. The only advantage of the plants, that exerts have colonized the serpentine terrains, is probably the lack of rivalry due to the harsh ecological conditions. Therefore, these terrains are occupied solely by genetically rich populations of high tolerance, which fall under the influence of natural selection. Like the limestone rocks, the formation of serpentine species depends mainly on the geological history of the respective territory (BROOKS, 1987). Thus, the genetically controlled adaptation process differs according to he latitude where these soils and rocks are found. Following the results of the floristic analysis and the comparison with investigated serpentine regions in Northern Greece (BABALONAS, 1984, 1988, 1989), a group of species common for these regions was determined. This group includes 76 taxa, mainly mediterranean species. The structures of the serpentines in the Vourinos Mountain (BABALONAS, 1989) and that in the Eastern Rhodopes are taxonomically identical. The 303 taxa determined in Vourinos belong to 173 genera and 52 families, whereas in the Eastern Rhodopes this number 442 belonging to 229 genera and 59 families. The best-represented families in the flora of Vourinos are Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Liliaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, etc. The same families were established for the Eastern Rhodopes, but their classification differs from the above-mentioned one. Comparing the number of endemics in the investigated serpentine regions in the Balkan Peninsula (REICHINGER, 1961; KRAUSE, 1962; KRAUSE et al., 1963; BABALONAS, 1984, 1989; RITTER-STUDNICKA, 1970) with the Bulgarian serpentines, it is obvious that they are much smaller number (31). In the list of 45 serpentinophytes given by TATIC & VELJOVIC (1992), based on data provided by TUTIN (1964-1980), only 5 species are found in Bulgaria. Of them, only Asplenium cuneifolium and Linum tauricum were established during the investigation of the serpentine terrains in the Eastern Rhodopes. The remaining plants are distributed in other floristic regions of Bulgaria at higher altitudes. In the same list, the greatest number of serpentinophytes (33) is found in former Yugoslavia. It seems that the number of the listed serpentinophytes decreases from the west to the east. The smaller number of Bulgarian serpentinophytes is due to the lower altitude, the relatively identical climatic conditions and the short biological history of the Bulgarian serpentines and their specifical chemical content. The presence of forest communities in a considerable part of the study area and the direct proofs of present-day human intervention, causing deforestation of the southern and hampered western slopes, bring about the conclusion of new active speciation processes in the East-Rhodope serpentine massifs. According to STOJANOV (1941), oak and black pine forests existed in the region 500-1000 years ago and they disabled the invasion of heliophilic species, thus preventing the separation of a formation seat. It forms upon denudation of the terrains due to human activity. According to STOJANOV (1941), the first new-coming herbaceous species irradiated from Northern Greece where the serpentine terrains had been deforested much earlier (TURRILL, 1929). The short biological history
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of the serpentine terrains, the low altitude and the climatic conditions cause refuge processes rather than a potential formation seat. Future floristic observations are necessary in order to assess the formation influence of the serpentine. Yet it is too early to talk about formation of a specific serpentine floral complex in Bulgaria. The populations of the determined species are of a mosaic type; only the species Convolvulus boissieri subsp. parnassicus, Thymus bracteosus, Festuca oviniformis, Asplenium cuneifolium and Chleilanthes maranthae were found solely on serpentine bedrock so far. Typical forms under other conditions indicate a certain morphological specificity, which undoubtedly confirms the formation influence of the Bulgarian serpentines in the Eastern Rhodopes. The speciation process is intensive and brings about diversions and formation of a specific flora, which make the study of the serpentines of great importance. The submediterranean, the mediterranean, the oriental-turanian and the middle-european floristic elements have exerted a major influence on the formation of the serpentine flora in the investigated terrains. These are mainly xeromorphous species, which find the phytoclimatic conditions of the serpentine rocks and soils above them suitable. The relatively large share of endemic species in the investigated flora corresponds to the analyses carried out by BROOKS (1987).
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the National Council for Scientific Investigations for the financial support through Project – B 908/99.
References BABALONAS D. 1983. Neue Fundorte für seltene Pflanzen in Nordgriechenland. - Ann. Musei Goulandris, 6: 17-25. BABALONAS D. 1984. Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation auf Serpentin-Standorte Nordgriechenlands. I. Serpentinvegetation im Voras-Gebirge. – Fedd. Rep., 95: 687-697. BABALONAS D. 1988. Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation auf Serpentin-Standorten Nordgriechenlands. II. Serpentinvegetation auf submontanen Stufen. – Bot. Jh. Syst., 110 (2): 145-156. BABALONAS D. 1989. Beitrag zur Flora des serpentinischen Vourinos-Gebirges (Nordgriechenland). - Willdenowia, 18: 387-399. BABALONAS D., REEVES R. 1988. Kationen-Akkumulation durch Silene Arten auf Serpentinboden Griechlands. - Phyton (Austria), 28 (2): 229-236. BABALONAS D., KARATAGLIS S., KABASSAKALIS V. 1984. The ecology of plant populations growing on serpentine soils. III. Some plant species from North Greece in relation to the serpentine problem. Phyton (Austria), 24: 225-238. BABALONAS D., KARATAGLIS S., KABASSAKALIS V. 1987. Zinc, Lead and Copper Concentrations in Plants and Soils from two Mines in Chalkidiki, North Greece, - J. Agronomy & Crop Sciences, 158: 87-95. BROOKS R. 1987. Serpentine and its Vegetation (A multidisciplinary approach). Croom Helm, 449 pp. DIMITROV D., PAVLOVA D. 2002. New chorological data for the Rhodopes Mts. and Slavjanka Mts. (South Bulgaria). - Ann. Univ. Sofia, 90 (2): 123-129. GLAVAC V., ELLENBERG H., HORVAT I. 1972. Vegetationskarte von Südosteuropa. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. 324 pp.
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KARATAGLIS S., BABALONAS D., KABASSAKALIS B. 1982. The ecology of plant populations growing on serpentine soils. II Ca/Mg ratio and the Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, concentrations as development factors of Buxus sempervirens L. - Phyton (Austria), 22: 317-327. KONSTANTINOU M., BABALONAS D. 1996. Metal uptake by Caryophyllaceae species from metalliferous soils in northern Greece. - Plant Syst. Evol., 203: 1-10. KOŽUHAROV S. 1985. Poaceae in Bulgaria – Genetic Fund, Distribution and Evolutionary Strategies. Dissertation. (In Bulgarian). KOŽUHAROV S., ANDREEV N., ANCHEV M., MARKOVA M., PEEV D., PETROVA A. 1992. A Key to Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 787 pp. (In Bulgarian). KOŽUHAROVA E. 1984. Origin and Structural Position of Serpentine Ultrabase Precambrian Ophiolithic Associations in the Rhodope Massif. I. Geological Position and Texture of the Ophiolithic Associations. – Geol. Balcanica, 14 (4): 9-36. (In Russian). KOŽUHAROVA E. 1985. Origin and Structural Position of the Ultrabase Precambrian Ophiolithic Associations in the Rhodope Massif. III. Development Stages and Age of the Ophiolithic Associations. – Geol. Balcanica, 15 (5): 53-69. (In Russian). KRAUSE W. 1962. Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation aus Serpentinstandorten des Balkans. - Z. Pfl.Ernahr. Dung. Bodenk., 99: 97-107. KRAUSE W., LUDWIG W., SIEDEL F. 1963. Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation auf Serpentinstandorten des Balkans. - Bot. Jb., 82 (4): 337-403. MEUSEL H., JAGER E., WEINERT E. 1965. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. 11. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 583 pp. PAVLOVA D. 2001a. Mountain vegetation on serpentine areas in the Bulgarian Eastern and Central Rhodopes Mts. - ecology and conservation. ѕ In: Radoglou K. (ed.). Proceedings of International Conference: Forest Research: a challenge for an integrated European approach, August 2001, Thessaloniki. 1: 227-232. PAVLOVA D. 2001b. Concentration of heavy metals in plants growing on serpentine soils in the Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria). – In: Ozhatay N. (ed.). The Proceedings of the Second Balkan Botanical Congress - Plants of the Balkan Peninsula: into the next Millennium. 1. Istanbul University, Istanbul, 425-428. PAVLOVA D., DIMITROV D. 2001. A contribution to the flora of the serpentine areas in the Rhodopes Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany (OT Sistematik Botanik Dergisi), 8 (2): 13-19. PAVLOVA D., KOZUHAROVA E., DIMITROV D. 1998. The Serpentine Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria). – In: Tsekos I., Moustakas M. (eds). Progress in Bot. Research (Proceeding of First Botanical Congress). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht – Boston - London, 133-136. PAVLOVA D., KOZUHAROVA E., DIMITROV D. 2002. New chorological data for the Flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. - Ann. Univ. Sof., 90 (2): 79-87. PAVLOVA D., KOZUHAROV St., DIMITROV D., KOZUHAROVA E. 1997. New chorological data and critical notes on the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). – OT Sistematik Botanik Dergisi, 4(1): 3-9. REICHINGER K. 1961. Die Flora von Euboea. - Bot. Jb., 80: 294-465. RITTER-STUDNICKA H. 1970. Die Vegetation der Serpentinvorkommen in Bosnien. – Vegetatio, 21: 75-156. STOJANOV N. 1941. An Attempted Description of the Main Phytocenoses in Bulgaria. – Univ. Annual, Fac. Phys. Mathemat., Sofia, 37 (3): 93-187. (In Bulgarian). TATIC B., VELJOVIC V. 1992. Distribution of serpentinized massifs on the Balkan peninsula and their ecology, - In: Roberts B., Proctor J. (eds). The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. A world view. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, 199-215. TISHKOV H. 1982. Climate. – In: Galabov Zh. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. Physical Geography. Natural conditions and resources. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 228-247. (In Bulgarian). TURRILL W. 1929. The plant-life of the Balkan Peninsula. A phytogeographic study. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 490 pp. VELCHEV V. (ed.). 1984. Red Data Book of Bulgaria. 1. Plants. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia. (In Bulgarian). VELCHEV V., GANCHEV S., BONDEV I. 1982. Vegetation belts. – In: Galabov Zh. (ed.). Geography of Bulgaria. Physical geography. Natural conditions and resources. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 439-440. (In Bulgarian). VELCHEV V., KOŽUHAROV S., ANCHEV M. 1992. Atlas of the Endemic Plants in Bulgaria. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 204 pp. (In Bulgarian).
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Authors’ addresses: Dolja Pavlova Sofia University Faculty of Biology Department of Botany 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria Dimitar Dimitrov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Ekaterina Kozuharova Medical University of Sofia Faculty of Pharmacy 2, Dunav Str. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Флора на серпентинитните комплекси в Източните Родопи (България) Доля ПАВЛОВА, Димитър ДИМИТРОВ, Екатерина КОЖУХАРОВА (Р е з ю м е) Изследвани са серпентинитни комплекси в Белореченския масив и в района на селата Голямо Каменяне, Фотиново и Добромирци през 1995-2001 г. Установени са 440 вида, подвида и разновидности от 229 рода и 59 семейства. От подотдел Magnoliophytina в серпентинитовата флора са включени 435 (98,86%) таксона, 4 таксона са от отдел Polypodiophyta (0.91%) и 1 от подотдел Pinophytina (0.23%). В рамките на подотдел Magnoliophytina едносемеделните са 87 таксона (20,0% от покритосеменните или 19.77% от всички таксони), а двусемеделните - 348 (80% от покритосеменните или 79.09% от всички таксони).С най-много видове е представено семейство Fabaceae (58), следвано от Poaceae (47), Asteraceae (37), Caryophyllaceae (32), Lamiaceae (25), Scrophulariaceae (16), Cyperaceae (14), Rosaceae (17), Rubiaceae (17), Apiaceae (14), Brassicaceae (12) и др. Най-богат на видове е род Trifolium (23). Преобладават субмедитеранските геоелементи. Установени са 26 балкански ендемични вида и подвида, както и 6 български ендемични таксона, всички с ксероморфна структура. В Червената книга на България са включени 21 таксона (18 редки и 3 с категория “застрашен”). Нови за тази част от Родопите са 31 таксона.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
New data and notes on the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Antoaneta PETROVA, Rossen VASSILEV, Christo CHRISTOV, Irina GERASIMOVA
Petrova A., Vassilev R., Christov Ch., Gerasimova I. 2004. New data and notes on the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 131-138. Abstract. New chorological data for 19 species are reported. New for the flora of the Rhodopes are 5 species: Anemone sylvestris, Potentilla mollicrinis, Gagea chrysantha, Trapa natans and Alkana tinctoria. Of them, Trapa natans, Anemone sylvestris, Alkana tinctoria are rare and protected plants. New for the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes are 6 taxa: Vaccinium myrtilus, Galium rotundifolium, Doronicum austriacum, Monotropa hypopites, Alkana stribrnyi, Dianthus cruenthus ssp. turcicus and Amelanchier ovalis. New chorological data for the rare species Salix xanthicola, Pallenis spinosa, Centaurea thracica, Polygala monspeliaca, Silene lerchenfeldiana, Romulea linaresii ssp. graeca and Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia are reported as well. Key words: flora, new chorological data, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction In the last years, some valuable floristic contributions for the Eastern Rhodopes have been published as a result of different projects (PAVLOVA et al., 1997, 2000; PETROVA et al., 1998, 1999; GUSSEV et al., 1998; GERASIMOVA et al., 1998; DIMITROV & PAVLOVA, 2000). In those works, 1 new species and 4 species confirmed for the Bulgarian flora, as well as 43 taxa new for the Rhodopes (of those 38 species) and 52 taxa new for the Eastern Rhodopes (48 species) have been published. The distribution of 21 species, which were not given for the region in the contemporary botanical literature, was confirmed. New data for the distribution of 10 rare species were reported as well. In this contribution, some new chorological data come from the area of peak Veykata (1463 m alt.) – the highest point of the Eastern Rhodopes. Here we found some widely distributed mountain species, which up to now have not been reported for the Eastern Rhodopes floristic subregion. We considered the publishing of the distribution of those species important from the viewpoint of the clarification of the flora of this floristic subregion. The remaining data are from different parts of the Eastern Rhodopes. As a rule, a visual observation for the population size is given for the rare species.
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The names of the taxa follow the nomenclature, accepted in KOZHUCHAROV (1992) and are preceded by the numbers of the taxa from the same publication. Localities are referred to the UTM grid system with 10-km square sides. The herbaria samples are kept in the Herbaria of the Institute of Botany (SOM) or in the Herbaria of the Sofia University (SO).
Results and discussion Pinus halepensis Miller subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe 1) MF 28, SC (RV, SA), SOM 155563; 2) MF 28, SC (AP), SOM 155562 A slope in the locality Ronkite, north-east of Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region. 1) 27.5.2000, with old strobils; 2) 20.11.2001. This Mediterranean species was recently published as a new one for the Bulgarian flora (TASHEV, 2002). Here we wish to give some more data about the discovery of the species and about the recent conditions of the locality. A single large tree (13 m high, 65 cm diameter of the base) was discovered by C. Christov in 1999 during field ornithological work. Close examination showed that the tree did not belong to the so far known for Bulgaria native species of Pinus and that there were more than hundred younger plants near the old one. Some material was collected in May 2000 (by R. Vasilev and S. Avramov) and identified by A. Petrova as Pinus halepensis Miller subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe. There are data that P. halepensis was actually planted in the Eastern Rhodopes (GRAMATIKOV, 1992) but without information on which subspecies was used and where and when it was planted. So we tried to find more information from the local forestry service in Ivaylovgrad. At first, we could not find any information in the forestry design projects. Later on, the former retired director of the Forestry service in Ivaylovgrad (Bojadzhiev, pers. comm.) informed us that a small plantation had been made in the area of Kostilkovo Village in the period 1955–1960, which later burned in a forest fire. He did not know which subspecies was planted. Meanwhile, the Ronkite locality was shown to A. Tashev. In August 2001 there were intensive forest fires in the area and we thought that the locality was burned completely. In November 2001 the first of the present authors had the possibility to visit the locality. It was strongly damaged by the fire but with live trees. The oldest tree (the founder of the population) had a heavily burned base and about half of the branches but the tree was alive. More than 90 % of the young individuals were completely burned. Altogether 16 plants are live, only 5 of them without any traces of burns, while the rest have been damaged to a different extent. The live individuals are from 3 to 25 years of age. Out of them, 2 are frutiferous. In 2001 one more individual of this species was discovered by C. Christov. The single tree in Generalski Pagon locality in the region of Bezhantsi border station is 4.5 m high with a comparatively thick trunk (25 cm). In conclusion, we believe that both localities have a natural origin, likely contributed by the localities in North-eastern Greece (CHRISTENSEN, 1999). Our personal observations show that south of Bulgarian–Greece border and south of the village Mandritza,
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near the village Microderio, there is a centuryold forest of Pinis halepensis Miller subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe and Pinus nigra Arnold. This forest is the most likely source of seeds for both localities in Bulgaria. The discovery of one more woody Mediterranean species in the Eastern Rhodopes, together with species like Arbuthus andrachne L., Arbuthus unedo L., Quercus coccifera L., Eriolobus trilobata M. J. Roem., Salix xanthicola Christ., etc. confirms once again the Mediterranean character of the flora of the region. Salix xanthicola Christ. MG 00, SC (AP), SOM 157973 River Arda Valley, westward of Madjarovo, 23.5.2002, end of fruit season. Few 1-20 sq. m. spots are formed. Salix xanthicola was described from Greece as one of the most interesting European species of willow (CHRISTENSEN, 1991). ZIELINSKI (1992) reported it for Bulgaria on the base of herbaria specimens from Krumovgrad Area in the Eastern Rhodopes, which were collected in 1965. This is the second locality of this rare and protected species in the region. 11120.2680. Dianthus cruentus Griseb. ssp. turcicus (Vel.) Stoj. et Acht. 1) MG 00, SC (AP), SOM 155366; 2) MF 29, SC (AP), SOM 155313; 3) MG 01, SC (AP), SOM 155815 1) A stony pasture on the rocky massive Momina Skala near Madjarovo, about 500 m alt., 5.6.1996, with flowers; 2) On grassy places in the Kolibarya locality near Ivaylovgrad, 200 m alt., 28.5.2000, with flowers; 3) Sunny spots in an oak forest near Malko Bryagovo Village, 200 m alt., 27.5.2001, with flowers. A new subspecies for the Eastern Rhodopes. The taxon is known from the Western and Central Rhodopes, as well as from the Thracian plane, where the nearest published locality is Mezek Village (KITANOV, 1943). Our observations show that the taxon is quite common for the Eastern Rhodopes. 32200. Silene lerchenfeldiana Baumg. LG 71, SC (AP, RV), SOM 155230 In the stony places between Zvezdelina Village and Sredna Arda Railway Station, 250 m alt., 26.5.2000, with flowers. A new locality of this chasmophytic species with scattered distribution. 12430. Anemone sylvestris L. LF 67, SC (AP, IG, RV), SOM 155316 Among shrubs on the hill neighboring the mineral spring near Kirkovo Village. Limestone. 18.4.1999, with flowers. The population is not numerous. The development of the species has been suppressed by the dominant bracken fern. A new species for the flora of the Rhodopes. It is included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria (VELCHEV, 1984) under the category “rare”. A protected species, which distribution in the south Bulgaria is very limited.
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02120. Amelanchier ovalis Medic. LF 56, SC (AP, RV), SOM 155363 A stony place along the Bulgarian-Greece border, eastward of Veikata Summit, 1400 m alt., 25.5.2000, with flowers. A new species for the Eastern Rhodopes floristic subregion. 26590. Potentilla mollicrinis (Borb.) Stank. 1) MG 00, SC (AP, IG), SOM 155362; 2) LG 71, SC (AP), SOM 155246 1) On the rocky massive Momina Skala near Madjarovo, about 500 m alt., 6.7.1995, with flowers and fruits; 2) A pasture (over a limestone), north-west of the Zvezdelina Village, 200 m alt., 26.5.2000, with flowers. The populations consist of dispersed individuals. A new species for the Rhodopes mountains, known from the floristic regions of the Black sea coast, Eastern Balkan mountain, Znepole and Thracian plane (MARKOVA, 1992). 25950. Polygala monspeliaca L. 1) MF 29, SC (AP), SOM 155815; 2) MG 01, SC (AP), SOM 155817 1) Grassy places near the houses in the new part of Ivailovgrad, about 200 m alt., 28.5.2001, with flowers; 2) Sunny places along the edge of an oak forest near Malko Bryagovo Village, 200 m alt., 27.5.2001, with flowers. This rare for Bulgaria (VELCHEV, 1984) Mediterranean species was recently reported for the Eastern Rhodopes (PETROVA et al., 1999). The new data show larger distribution in the area. 34650. Trapa natans L. SC (RV, SA), SO 100706, 100707, 100708 A pond near Arda River, used for ballast picking, near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 15.8.1999. The population is large, with high density. A new species for the Eastern Rhodopes. The Water Chestnut is a tertiary relict species, whose areal is progressively declining and has many extinct localities. It is included in the Appendix 1 – Flora of the Bern Convention, as well as in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria (VELCHEV, 1984) and in the List of protected plants of Bulgaria. It is an annual species for which significant fluctuations in the population’s numbers are known (TIHOMIROV, 1988). That is why there is a need for monitoring this so far single population in Rhodopes Mts., considering the use of the pond for ballast picking. 22350. Monotropa hypopitys L. MF 28, SC (AP), SOM 155236 A shady place in an oak forest in the locality Likana, between the villages Mandritsa and Sviratchi, 200 m alt., 29.5.1998, with flowers. Dispersed single individuals on a slope facing east. A new species for the Eastern Rhodopes. The locality is interesting with its low altitude.
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35790. Vaccinium myrtillus L. LF 56, SV (AP, RV) Clearings and sparse beech and beech-fir forests on the north-facing slope of the Veikata Summit, 1350-1450 m alt., with flowers. The density of the population is not very high but the occupied area is significant. This widely distributed mountain species has not been reported for the Eastern Rhodopes up to now. 14730. Galium rotundifolium L. LF 56, SC (RV, AP), SOM 155229 Outskirts of a beech forest on the north slope of Veikata Summit, 1200-1400 m alt., 25.5.2000, with flowers. A new species for the Eastern Rhodopes (ANCHEV, 1989). 01288. Alkana stribrnyi Vel. LF 69, SC (AP), SOM 155258 Outskirts of a lowgrowing deciduous forest in the vicinity of Momchilgrad, near Momchil Hut, 30.5.1998, with flowers and unripe fruits. A new for the Eastern Rhodopes species, known from the Thracian plane, Central Rhodopes and Slavyanka Mts. (KOZHUCHAROV, 1989). 01290. Alkana tinctoria (L.) Tausch MF 28, SC (AP), SOM 155564 The valley of Byala Reka River, along the road to Mandritsa Village, 18.5.2001, with flowers and fruits. The population occupies small slopes on both sides of the road, with an area about 0,1 ha. The density is low. A new species for the Rhodopes. 11650. Doronicum austriacum Jacq. LF 56, SC (RV, AP), SOM 155225 Along forest roads and clearings on the northfacing slope of Veikata Summit, 1300-1450 m alt., 25.5.2000, with flowers. A new for the Eastern Rhodopes species, which is widely distributed in the mountain belt of the country. 24320. Pallenis spinosa Cass. MF 29, SC (AP), SOM 155239 Boundaries of small arable lands above the new district of Ivaylovgrad, about 220 m alt., 6.6.1996, the beginning of blossoming. A second small population of the species was observed on the slopes of Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad on 24.5.2002. Pallenis spinosa Cass. is a rare species from the Red Data Book of Bulgaria (VELCHEV, 1984). The species had been published for the Eastern Rhodopes (DELIPAVLOV, 1988) but PEEV (1992) still reported it only for the Strandja Region. That is why we confirmed it for the region. In the Herbaria of the Plovdiv Agricultural University there are samples of Pallenis from the Ivaylovgrad Area. Those were collected by Kovacev in 1979
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(N 40960, 40967) and by Delipavlov in 1982, 1984 and 1995 (N 42864, 42879, 42644, 42645, 48566). 08090. Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hay 1) LG 71, SC (AP), SOM 155259; 2) SC (AP), SOM 157940 1) Among shrubs of Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.), north-west of Zvezdelina Village, 200 m alt., 26.5.2000, with buds. The population covers an area of about 0,3 ha and the spatial structure is spotty. Most of the individuals were in an vegetative stage, the flowering shoots were very rare. 2) On a hill north-east of Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 250 m alt., 18.4.2002, young leaves. The species was collected in the Eastern Rhodopes almost 100 years ago (DIMITROV & PAVLOVA, 2000). Our data confirm its current presence in the region and possibly mark part of the western boundary of the areal of this Western Pontian geoelement, which as a rule has local distribution. Second locality (near Dolno Cherkovishte Village) is possibly that of Stribrny, SO 78895, July 1902. Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schultes et Schultes fil. LF 57, SC (AP), SOM 155361 In stony places near the graveyard of Chakalarovo Village, 17.4.1999, with flowers. A new species for the flora of the Rhodopes, which was first reported for the Bulgarian f lora from the Thracian plane, near Hasskovo by DELIPAVLOV (1990). According to RIX (1984) and ANDERSON (1991) a synonym of Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schultes et Schultes fil. is Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. et Heldr., including the subsp. heldreichii Terracc. DELIPAVLOV (1998) published Gagea heldreichii (Terracc.) Lojak as a new species for the Bulgarian flora, without any comments on this taxonomical decision. Romulea linaresii Parl. subsp. graeca Beguinot 1) LF 67, SC (AP, IG, RV), SOM 155347; 2) LF 57, SC (AP, IG, RV), SOM 155348. 1) A pasture on a hill north-west of Kirkovo Village (near the local spa), 11.4.1999, with flowers; 2) in stony places near Varbitza River along the road from Chakalarovo Village to Benkovski Village, 12.4.1999, with flowers. The species was observed also in the area of Fotinovo Village (LF 68). The populations have an uneven spatial structure but with the exception of the first one (it was suppressed by the Bracken fern), they are all numerous. Earlier, we (PETROVA et al., 1998) assumed that the data of Vasileva (VASILEVA & TODOROVA, 1994) for the distribution of Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. et Mauri in the Eastern Rhodopes were not supported with Herbaria specimens and that it was possible that the samples of Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca might be wrongly identified as Romulea bulbocodium. Now, our observations and data from this particular area, from where the report of Vasileva is, confirm this assumption. We observed a lot of populations of Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca but not one of Romulea bulbocodium.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank BSBCP for their financial support for some of the field studies.
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References ANCHEV M. 1989. Galium L. - In: Kuzmanov (ed.). Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Acad. Publish. House, Sofia, 9: 42-96. (In Bulgarian). ANDERSON I. A. 1991. Gagea Salisb. - In: Strid A., Tan K. (eds). Mountain flora of Greece, 2: 662-667. CHERNEVA Zh. 1995. Notes on the distribution of Bulgarian plants. – In: Proceedings Jubil. Sci. Conf. “100 years Acad. B. Stefanov”. Sofia, 172-174. (In Bulgarian). CHRISTENSEN K. 1991. Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae), a new species from northeastern Greece. – Willdenowia, 21: 105-111. CHRISTENSEN K. 1999. Pinus L. - In: Strid A & Tan K. (eds). Flora Hellenica, 1: 4-9. DELIPAVLOV D. 1988. Materials and notes on the Bulgarian flora. – Phytology, 34: 67-71. (In Bulgarian). DELIPAVLOV D. 1990. Neue Materialen und chorologische Daten zur Flora von Bulgarien. - Feddes Repertorium, 101 (7-8): 341-345. DELIPAVLOV D. 1998. New taxa and chorological data for the flora of Bulgaria. - Thaiszia, 8: 121-128. DIMITROV D., PAVLOVA D. 2000. New chorological data for the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. and Slavjanka Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). – Ann. Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 92 (2): 136-139. GERASIMOVA I., PETROVA A., VENKOVA D. 1998. Ophtys apifera Hudson reestablished in the Bulgarian flora. - Phytologia balcanica, 4 (3): 53-55. GRAMATIKOV D. 1992. A Guide of trees and shrubs in Bulgaria. IntelSis, Plovdiv. (In Bulgarian). GUSSEV Ch., UZUNOV D., DENCHEV C., APOSTOLOV K. 1998. New chorological data on the vascular plants in Eastern Rhodopes. - Phytologia balcanica, 4 (1-2): 187-195. KITANOV B. 1943. A contribution to the flora of North-eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria. – Spis. Balg. akad. nauk., 68 (3): 49-79. (In Bulgarian). KOZHUCHAROV S. 1989. Alkana Tausch. - In: Kuzmanov B. (ed.). Flora Republicae Popularis Bulgaricae. Acad. Publish. House, Sofia, 9: 137-145. (In Bulgarian). KOZHUCHAROV S. (ed.). 1992. A guide of higher plants in Bulgaria. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia. (In Bulgarian). MARKOVA M. 1992. Rosaceae. - In: Kozhucharov S. (ed.). A guide of higher plants in Bulgaria. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 672-706. (In Bulgarian). PAVLOVA D., KOZHUCHAROVA E., DIMITROV D. 2000. New chorological data for the flora of the East Rhodopes Mts. – Ann. Univ. Sof., Fac. Biol., 90 (2): 77-83. PAVLOVA D., KOZUHAROV S., DIMITROV D., KOZUHAROVA E. 1997. New chorogical data and critical notes for the flora of the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). - Ot sistem. Bot. Dergisi., 4 (1): 3-8. PEEV D. 1992. Asteraceae. - In: Kozhucharov S. (ed.). A guide of higher plants in Bulgaria. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 142–227. (In Bulgarian). PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VASILEV R. 1998. A contribution to the flora of Eastern Rhodopes Mountains. - Hist. nat. bulg., 9: 115-127. (In Bulgarian). PETROVA A., GERASIMOVA I., VENKOVA D. 1999. New data for the flora of Eastern Rhodopes Mountains. - Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 117-123. (In Bulgarian). RIX E. M. 1984. Gagea Salisb. - In: Davis P. H. (ed.). Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, 8: 312-327. TASHEV A. 2002. Kalabrian Pine – a new species for the Bulgarian dendroflora. - Gora, (1): 29. (In Bulgarian). TIHOMIROV V. 1988. Trapa natans L. - In: Golovanov B. (ed.). Red data book of RSFSR. Rosagropromizdat, Moskva, 431-432. (In Russian). VASILEVA S., TODOROVA S. 1994. The richness of a southern area. Rhodopi press, Kardjali. (In Bulgarian). VELCHEV V. (ed.). 1984. Red data book of PR Bulgaria. 1. Plants. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 447 pp. (In Bulgarian). ZIELINSKI J. 1992. Salix xanthicola (Salicaceae) - a species new to Bulgaria. – Fragm. Flor. Geobot., 37 (2): 499-501.
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Authors’ addresses: Antoaneta Petrova Botanical Garden Bulgarian Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 664 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Rossen Vassilev 48, Popchevo Str. 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Christo Christov Nature Conservation Center “Eastern Rhodopes” 6480 Madjarovo, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Irina Gerasimova National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Нови данни и бележки за флората на Източните Родопи (България) Антоанета ПЕТРОВА, Росен ВАСИЛЕВ, Христо ХРИСТОВ, Ирина ГЕРАСИМОВА (Р е з ю м е) В работата се съобщават нови данни за разпространението в Източните Родопи и състоянието на популациите на 19 вида. Нови за флората на Родопите са 5 вида: Anemone sylvestris, Potentilla mollicrinis, Gagea chrysantha, Trapa natans, Alkana tinctoria. Безспорно от особен интерес е намирането в долината на река Арда на реликтния вид Trapa natans - рядък и защитен вид, включен в приложение 1 – флора на Бернската конвенция. Защитени видове са и Anemone sylvestris и Alkana tinctoria. За пръв път за флората на Източни Родопи се съобщават 6 вида. Сред тях са широко разпространените в страната планински видове Vaccinium myrtilus, Galium rotundifolium, Doronicum austriacum, установени в района на връх Вейката (1463 m). Интерес представлява намирането на сапрофитния вид Monotropa hypopites на 200 m надморска височина. Останалите нови за флористичния подрайон видове са балканските ендемити Alkana stribrnyi, Dianthus cruenthus ssp. turcicus, както и Amelanchier ovalis. Съобщават се нови данни за разпространението на редките видове Salix xanthicola, Pallenis spinosa, Centaurea thracica, Polygala monspeliaca, Silene lerchenfeldiana, Romulea linaresii ssp. graeca, както и данни за откриването и актуалното състояние на популацията на Pinus halepensis ssp. brutia.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Les Ciliés (Protozoa: Ciliophora) des biotopes aquatiques du massif des Rhodopes (Bulgarie)
Rossinka DETCHEVA
Detcheva R. 2004. Les Ciliés (Protozoa: Ciliophora) des biotopes aquatiques du massif des Rhodopes (Bulgarie). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 139-146. Abstract. The paper contains systematic and ecological data of Ciliates inhabiting the aquatic biotopes of the Rhodopes (Bulgaria). The Ciliata species are gathered in different types of running and stagnant water. Key words: Ciliata, Bulgaria, Rhodopes, benthos, plancton.
Dans les publications de JANEVA (1989), KOVATSHEV (1975), NAIDENOW (1976), NAIDENOW & SAIZ (1983), NAIDENOW (1964, 1975, 1977), RUSSEV (1964) et RUSSEV & JANEVA (1975) on trouve des données pour le macrozoobenthos et le zooplancton des biotopes aquatiques du massif des Rhodopes (le grand massif montagneux de Bulgarie, s’ étandant sur plus de 240 km; 2191 m au Mont Goljam Perelik). DETCHEVA (1972) annonce certaines informations pour les Ciliés planctoniques de ce massif. La présente publication est consacrée à la faunule des Ciliés bentiques et planctoniques déterminée dans différentes categories de ľeau courrante et stagnante du massif des Rhodopes.
Méthodes de recherche Un total de cinquante-six prélèvements éffectués en milieu bentique (48), en milieu planctonique (8) pendant le printemps et l’été en 1970, 1981, 1982, 1983 et 1985 en provenance de 30 localités du massif des Rhodopes ont été déterminés. Le nombre des espèces, le nombre des individus, des defferences aussi bien que le nombre total des individus de toutes les espèces ont été calculées pour 100 grames de la substance sèche bentique. L’ analyse de la dominance est realisée par la methode da De Vries (1937). La fréquence de dominance est déterminée par la formule DF = [(d + cd) : n] x 100 où d = les dominantes, cd = les codominantes et n = le nombre total des prélèvements. Le degré de dominance est déterminé par la formule DT = (DF : pF) x 100, ou DF = la fréquence de dominance et
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pF = la fréquence. La fréquence est déterminée par la formule pF = (m : n)x 100, ou m = le nombre total des prélèvements. Le degré de dominance est déterminé par la formule DT = (DF : pF) x 100, où DF = la fréquence de dominance et pF = la fréquence. La fréquence est déterminée par la formule pF = (m : n) x 100, où m = le nombre des prélèvements dans lesquels a été rencontrée ľ espèce étudiée et n = le nombre total des prélèvements.
Caractéristique des Ciliés dans les stations différentes 1. La rivière Arda près du village Arda. Au total 5 espèces de Ciliés ont été recontrées. La quantité total est 415 exemplaires. 2. La rivière Arda près du village Mogilitsa. Au total 9 espèces de Ciliés ont été observées. Le nombre des individus varie de 75 à 792 000 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 896 720 exemplaires. Le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma se rencontre souvent au printemps (88.32%). 3. La rivière Arda avant le village Smiljan. Au total 5 espèces de Ciliés ont été étudiées. Selon les prélèvements le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 2 à 3, le nombre des individus – de 28 à 150 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 56 à 300 exemplaires. 4. La rivière Arda après le village Smiljan. Au total 10 espèces de Ciliés ont été trouvées. Le nombre des individus varie de 13 à 1222 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 3410 exemplaires. 5. La rivière Arda avant la ville Rudosem. Au total 25 espèces de Ciliés ont été constatées. Le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 1 à 15, le nombres des individus - de 1 à 90 299 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 337 à 11 259 exemplaires. Les espèces Tetrahymena pyriformis (100%) et Paramecium trichitum (90.07%) sont predominant au printemps dans cette station. 6. La rivière Arda après le village Srednogorci. Au total 5 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées. Le nombre total des individus est 45 exemplaires. 7. La rivière Arda avant le barrage “Kardjali”. Au total 25 espèces de Ciliés ont été remarquées. Le nombre des individus varie de 233 à 350 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 583 exemplaires. 8. La rivière Arda après de barrage “Kardjali”. Au total une espèce de Ciliés a été rencontrée avec le nombre total des individus 128 exemplaires. L`espèce dominante au printemps: Colpoda inflata (100%). 9. La rivière Arda après de barrage “Studen kladenec”. Au total 2 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées. Le nombre des individus est dans les limites de 15 à 61exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 76 exemplaires. Le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma est bien présenté au printemps (80.26%). 10. La rivière Arda avant le village Madjarovo. Au total 2 espèces de Ciliés ont été observées. Le nombre des individus varie de 18 à 36 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 54 exemplaires. L‘espèce Lembadion lucens se rencontre très souvent au printemps (66.66%). 11. La rivière Arda près du barrage “Ivaylovgrad”. Au total 4 espèces de Ciliés ont été établies. Le nombre total des individus est 20 exemplaires.
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12. La rivière Černa avant la ville Smoljan. Au total 22 espèces de Ciliés ont été trouvées. Le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 12 à 16, le nombre des individus – de 6 à 774 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 2022 à 3612 exemplaires. 13. La rivière Černa après la ville Smoljan. Au total 15 22 espèces de Ciliés ont été constatées. Le nombre des espèces varie de 4 à 10, le nombre des individus – de 15 à 478 333 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 60 à 486 701 exemplaires. Le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma est observe principalement au printemps (98.28%). 14. Les lacs près de la ville Smoljan. Au total 8 espèces de Ciliés ont été rencontrées. 15. La rivière Černa avant de s‘être jettée dans rivière Arda. Au total 18 espèces de Ciliés ont été remarquées. Le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 2 à 10, le nombre des individus – de 7 à 21 857 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 228 à 32 136 exemplaires. Les Ciliés Colpidium colpoda (68,01%) et Metopus es (83.33%) sont rencontrés plus souvent dans cette station au printemps. 16. La rivière Văča après le village Techel. Au total 5 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées avec le nombre total des individus 235 exemplaires. 17. La rivière Trigradska avant le village Trigrad. Au total 28 espèces de Ciliés ont été observées. Le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 2 à 24, le nombre des individus – de 10 à 2875 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 2099 à 5964 exemplaires. L‘espèce Cyclidium glaucoma (85.75%) est très bien distribuée au printemps. 18. La rivière Trigradska après le village Trigrad. Au total 20 espèces de Ciliés ont été étudiées. Le nombre des espèces varie de 2 à 15, le nombre des individus – de 370 à 3342 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 1295 à 17 096 exemplaires. Le Cilié Metopus striatus est bien présenté dans cette station (71.43% en été). 19. La rivière Trigradska avant le lieu – dit “Ždreloto” (après le village Trigrad). Au total 11 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées. Le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 1 à 9, le nombre des individus – de 9 à 1800 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 115 à 2340 exemplaires. L‘espèce dominante en été: Cyclidium glaucoma (100%). 20. La rivière Trigradska avant la cofluence de la rivière Čairska. Au total 4 espèces de Ciliés ont été constatèes. Le nombre des espèces dans des limites de 1 à 2, le nombre des individus – de 3 à 4329 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 15 à 4329 exemplaires. Les Ciliés Chilodonella unicata (100% au printemps) et Cyclidium glaucoma (100% en été) predominent dans cette station. 21. La rivière Trigradska avant la confluence de la rivière Mugla. Au total 18 espèces de Ciliés ont été remarquées. Le nombre des espèces varie de 4 à 17, le nombre des individus – de 10 à 70 000 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 866 à 75 321 exemplaires. Les espèces Paramecium trichium (70.50%) et Paramecium caudatum (92.93%) sont bien distribuées au printemps dans cette station. 22. La rivière Čairska avant de se jetter dans la rivièreTrigradska. Au total 6 espèces de Ciliés ont été trouvées. Le nombre des espèces varie de 3 à 4, le nombre des individus – de 20 à 2578 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus - de 51 à 4329 exemplaires. Les Ciliés Aspidisca costata (95.25% en été) et Cyclidium glaucoma (72.30% au printemps) predominent dans cette station. 23. La rivière Chirokolăška avant le village Chiroka Lăka. Au total 13 espèces de Ciliés ont été remarquées. Le nombre des espèces varie de 2 à 10, le nombre des individus
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– de 7 à 3428 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 120 à 3474 exemplaires. Le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma se rencontre le plus souvent en été (98.67%). 24. La rivière Devinska avant la ville Devin. Au toyal 8 espèces de Ciliés ont été observées, desquelles seulement deux espèces dans le benthos. Le nombre des individus est dans les limites de 46 à 142 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – 188 exemplaires. L‘espèce Colidium campyllum vienne en tкte en été (75.53%). 25. La rivière Stara avant la ville Pechtera. Au total 13 espèces de Ciliés ont été rencontrées. Le nombre des individus varie de 21 à 1090 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus est 1386 exemplaires. On trouve principalement l‘espèce Cyclidium glaucoma au printemps (78.64%). 26. L‘eau du barrage “Batak”. Au total 8 espèces de Ciliés ont été notées. 27. La rivière Čepinska avant la ville Velingrad. Au total 5 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées. 28. L‘eau du bassin artificiel près du lieu–dit “Kleptusa” dans la ville Velingrad. Au total 8 espèces de Ciliés ont été constatées. 29. La flaque près du lieu-dit “Cigov Čark” pres de la ville Velingrad. Au total 3 espèces de Ciliés ont été rencontrées. 30. L‘eau du barrage “Čaira”. Seulement une espèce de Ciliés a été remarquée. J‘exprime ma gratitude sincère au feu Professeur B. Russev, à Mr. le D-r J. Uzunov et à Mme la doctoresse I. Janeva pour les prélèvements en benthos fournis.
Analyse des résultats Au total quatre-vingt-cinq espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées (Tableau 1) dont deux espèces (Loxocephalus luridus Eberhard et Nassula flava Cl. & L.) sont nouvelles pour la faune de la Bulgarie. Parmi les espèces bien distribuées dans les biotopes aquatiques du massif du Rhodope une vienne en tête: Cyclidium glaucoma (30.58%). Cette espèce est observée dans 19 stations. La deuxième place par sa distribution est occupée par le Cilié Childonella unicata (trouvé dans 16 station). Le plus grand nombre des espèces est rencontré dans la station dans la rivière Trigradska avant le village Trigrad (28 espèces), dans la station dans la rivière Arda avant la ville Rudosem (25 espèces) et dans la station dans la rivière Černa avant la ville Smoljan (22 espèces). Au total 22.35% des espèces sont dominantes (Tableau 2). La plus grand fréquence de dominance est observée pour le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma (DF = 11.76%). Le plus grande dominance est signalée pour les espèces Colpoda inflata et Metopus striatus (DT=100%). Les resultats de l‘analyse quantitative (il s‘agit seulement des prélèvements en benthos) montrent qu‘au printemps le nombre des espèces varie de 1 à 24, le nombre des individus – de 1 à 792 000 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 20 à 896 720 exempliares. Le plus grand nombre des espèces est observé dans la station dans la rivière Trigradska avant le village Trigrad, tandis que le plus grand nombre des individus et le plus grand nombre total des individus – dans la station dans la rivière Arda avant le village Mogilitsa. Pendant cette saison de l‘année prédominent les espèces Tetrahymena pyriformis (100% dans la station dans la rivière Arda avant la ville Rudosem), Chilodonella uncinata (100%
Protozoa: Ciliophora
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Tableau 1 Distribution des Ciliés dans le massif du Rhodope Espèces
Fréquence (pF), %
Stations
Amphileptus meleagris (Ehrb.) Amphileptus pectinata (Kahl) Amphisiella sp. Aspidisca cicada (O. F. M.) Aspidisca lynceus (O. F. M.) Chilodonella uncinata (Ehrb.)
4,70 1,18 1,18 3,53 7,05 20,0
Chilodontopsis depressa (Perty) Cinetochilum magaritaceum (Ehrb.) Coleps hirtus (O. F. M.) Colpidium campylum (Stokes) Colpidium colpoda (Losana) Colpoda inflata (Stokes) Cyclidium elongatum (Schew.) Cyclidium glaucoma O. F. M.
2,35 17,64 15,29 9,41 18,82 1,18 2,35 30,58
Cyrtolophosis mucicola Stokes Dexiotricha colpidiopsis (Kahl) Dileptus anser (O. F. M.) Drepanomonas revolute Penard Drepanomonas obtusa Penard Enchelyodon sp. Engelmanniella halseyi (Calkins) Euplotes affinis (Duj.) Euplotes patella (O. F. M.) Frontonia acuminata (Ehrb.) Frontonia elliptica Beardsley Frontonia leucas Frontonia Frontonia nigricans Penard Glaucoma scintillans Ehrb. Halteria grandiella (O. F. M.) Holophrya atra Švec. Holophrya simplex Schew. Holophrya spp. Holosticha spp. Homalozoon vermiculare (Stokes) Lacrymaria olor (O. F. M.) Lembadion bullinum (O. F. M.) Lembadion lucens (Maskell) Leptopharynx costatus Mermod Litonotus anguilla (Kahl) Litonotus cygnus (O. F. M.) Litonotus fusidens (Kahl) Litonotus spp. Loxocephalus luridis Eberhard Loxophyllum meleagris (O. F. M.) Loxophyllum soliforme Fauré-Fremiet Loxophyllum utriculariae (Penard) Metopus es (O. F. M.) Metopus striatus Mc Murrich
5,88 2,35 2, 35 1, 18 1,18 1,18 1,18 7,05 3,53 4,70 3,53 4,70 1,18 4,70 2,35 2,35 2,35 3,53 3,53 2,35 1,18 2,35 2,35 1,18 1,18 1,18 5,88 3,53 1,18 1,18 1,18 1,18 3,53 1,18
12 15 6 5, 22 12, 13, 15, 23, 25 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28 5, 17 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23 4, 5, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 25 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 22, 24, 28 2, 5, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28 8 14, 24 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29 14, 24, 26, 29, 30 5, 17 5, 17 5 18 17 23 5, 12, 15, 19, 28 2, 17, 21 3, 17, 18, 27 18, 19, 21 5, 16, 17 4 13, 14, 23, 28 26, 29 15, 21 4, 12 1, 12, 13 12, 15, 25 5, 24 15 17, 18 10, 27 26 4 12 5, 15, 25, 28 5, 17, 18 22 25 28 1 15, 17, 19 18
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Espèces Nassula flava Cl. & L. Obertrumia aurea (Ehrb.) Paracolpoda steinii (Maupas) Paramecium bursaria (Ehrb.) Paramecium caudatum Ehrb. Paramecium putrinum Cl. &L. Paruroleptus piscis (Kow.) Paraurostyla weissei (Stein) Rhagadostoma nudicaudatum Kahl Phialina vertens (Stokes) Platyophrya spumacola Kahl Pleuronema crassum Duj. Prorodon ovum (Ehrb.) Prorodon teres Ehrb. Prorodon sp. Scyphidia rugosa Duj. Spirostomum intermedium Kahl Spirostomum minus (Roux) Spirostomum teres Cl. & L. Spirosona caudate Kahl Steinia sp. Strombidium sp. Stylonychia mytilus (O. F. M.) Stylonychia pustulata (O. F. M.) Tachysoma pellionellum (O. F. M.) Thylakidium truncatum Schew. Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ehrb.) Trimyema compressum Lackey Trithigmostoma cucullulus (O. F. M.) Uroleptus musculus (O. F. M.) Uronema marinum Duj. Urotricha farcta Cl. & L. Vorticella campanula Ehrb. Vorticella similes Stokes Vorticella spp. Zoothamnium elegans d‘Udekem
Fréquence (pF), % 1,18 1,18 3,53 3,53 18,82 16,47 3,53 8,27 1,18 2,35 1,18 9,41 7,05 1,18 1,18 2,53 1,18 1,18 3,53 7,05 1,18 2,35 18,82 1,18 2,35 1,18 3,53 3,53 8,23 1,18 2,35 7,05 3,53 4,70 3,53 1,18
Stations 1 17 11, 24, 26 5, 27, 28 2, 5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23,24 17, 19, 27 12, 13, 17, 23, 25 3 7, 13 26 5, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25 5, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22 17 16 15, 21 5 17 17, 18 2, 3, 12, 18, 21, 25 12 5, 12 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25 14 5, 12 19 5, 12, 26 15, 19, 21 2, 5, 12, 21, 23, 25 6 13, 27 4, 5, 12, 17 18, 19 12, 13, 23 11, 14, 18, 22 13, 18, 21 19
dans la station dans la rivière Tchairska), Cyclidium glaucoma (98.28% dans la station dans la rivière Černa après la ville Smoljan), Paramecium caudatum (92.93% dans la station dans la rivière Trigradska avant la confluence de la rivière Mugla) et Paramecium trichium (90.07% dans la station dans la rivière Arda avant la ville Rudosem. En été le nombre des espèces est dans les limites de 1 à 7, le nombre des individus – de 10 à 3428 exemplaires, le nombre total des individus – de 188 à 5964 exemplaires. Les espèces dominantes pendant cette saison sont: Cyclidium glaucoma (100% ) dans la station dans la rivière Trigradska avant le lieudit “Ždreloto” (après le village Trigrad), 100% dans la station dans la rivière Trigradska avant la confluence de la rivière Čairska et 98.67% dans la station dans la rivière Chirokolăška avant le village Chiroka Lăka) et Aspidisca cicada (95.24% dans la station dans la rivière Čaпrska avant de se jetter dans la rivière Trigradska.
Protozoa: Ciliophora
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Tableau 2 Analyse de dominance des Ciliés dans le massif du Rhodope Espèces
DF%
DT%
Aspidisca cicada (O. F. M.) Aspidisca lynceus (O. F. M.) Chilodonella unicata (Ehrb.) Coleps hirtus (O. F. M.) Colpidium campyllum (Stokes) Colpidium colpoda (Losana) Colpoda inflata (Stokes) Cyclidium glaucoma O. F. M. Engelmanniella halseyl (Calkins) Frontonia acuminata (Ehrb.) Lembadion lucens (Maskell) Metopus es (O. F. M.) Metopus striatus Mc Murrich Paramecium caudatum Ehrb. Paramecium purinum Cl.& L. Phialina vertens (Stokes) Stylonychia mytilis (O. F. M.) Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ehrb.) Trithignostoma cucullulus (O. F. M.)
1,18 1,18 3,53 1,18 1,18 2,35 1,18 11,76 1,18 1,18 1,18 2,35 1,18 4,70 4,70 1,18 2,35 1,18 1,18
33,42 16,74 17,65 7,72 12,54 12,49 100,00 38,46 10,55 25,11 50,21 66,57 100,00 24,97 28,54 50,21 12,65 33,42 14,34
Conclusion La faunule des Ciliés distribuée dans les biotopes aquatiques du massif du Rhodope est assez riche en espèces et en individus. Au total 85 espèces de Ciliés ont été déterminées dont deux espèces sont nouvelles pour la faune de la Bulgarie. Le nombre des espèces aussi bien que le nombre des individus et le nombre total des individus sont plus grands au printemps qu‘en été. Le plus grand nombre des espèces est observé au printemps dans la station ±-mésosaprobe dans la rivière Trigradska avant le village Trigrad1. Le plus grand nombre des individus et le plus grand nombre total des individus sont remarqués aussi au printemps dans la station ±-mésosaprobe dans la rivière Arda avant le village Mogilitsa. Le Cilié Cyclidium glaucoma, qui est assez bien distribué dans le massif du Rhodope, se caractérise aussi avec sa plus grande fréquence de dominance. Les espèces Colpoda inflata et Metopus striatus se distinguent par leur plus grand degré de dominance.
Bibliographie DETSCHEVA R. 1972. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Infusorienfauna (Protozoa-Ciliata) in den Binnengewässern Bulgariens.- Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 36: 61-79. DE VRIES M. 1937. Methods used in plant sociology and agricultural botanical grassland research. – Herbage Rev., 5: 38–61.
1
Les données de l‘auteur
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JANEVA I. 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Cerna river and their effect on the composition and structure of the bentic organisms. – Hydrobiology (Sofia), 34: 20–29 (en bulgare, rés. russe, angl.). KOVATSCHEV S. 1975. Materialen über die Simuliidenfauna (Diptera, Simuliidae) der Rhodopen. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Edit. Acad. bulg. sci., Sofia, 205–208 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). NAIDENOW W. 1976. Einfluss der hydrologischen und hydrochemischen Faktoren auf die Entwicklung des Zooplanktons in Stausee “Batak”. I. Hydrologische und hydrochemische Charakteristik. Zusammensetzung des Zooplanktons und Dynamik der Leitformen. – Hydrobiology (Sofia), 4: 19–35 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). NAIDENOW W., SAIZ D. 1983. The Plankton of stagnant Waters in the Trigradsko-Yagodinski region (Central Rhodopes). – Hydrobiology (Sofia), 19: 3–13 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). NAIDENOW W. 1964. Plankton und Dynamik der führenden Planktonformen im Stausee “Batak”. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 15: 151-183 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). NAIDENOW W. 1975. Untersuchungen der Planktonische Zönosen einiger Natürlicher Stehender Genösen in den Rhodopen. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Edit. Acad. bulg. sci., Sofia, 41–63 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). NAIDENOW W. 1977. Einfluss der hydrologischen und hydrochemischen Faktoren auf die Entwicklung des Zoopalnktons im Stauraum “Batak”. II. Struktur und Verteilung des Zooplanktons. – Hydrobiology (Sofia), 5: 3–23 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 17: 5–49 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.). RUSSEV B., JANEVA I. 1975. Hydrofaunistische Erforschungen einiger Rhodopischer Gewässer. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Edit. Acad. bulg. sci., Sofia, 11–39 (en bulgare, rés. russe, allem.).
Adresse de l’auteur: Rossinka Detcheva Institut de Zoologie Academie bulgare des Sciences 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgarie
Цилиати (Protozoa – Ciliophora) от водните биотопи на Родопите (България) Росинка ДЕЧЕВА (Р е з ю м е) Във водоеми в Родопите са установени 85 вида цилиати. Два от тях (Loxocephalus luridis и Nassula flava) са нови за фауната на България. В количествено отношение са изследовани само бентосните видове. Броят и количеството на цилиатите са доста по-високи през пролетта, отколкото през лятото. Най-голямо количество от цилиати през пролетта е установено в βмезосапробните станции. Най-разпространеният вид Cyclidium glaucoma (с честота на срещане 30.58%) се отличава също така с най-висока честота на доминиране (DF = 11.76%). Colpoda inflata и Metopus striatus се характеризират с висок порядък на доминиране (DT = 100%).
Olindiidae
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The freshwater medusa Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) in Ivaylovgrad Dam (Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria)
Dimitar BECHEV
Bechev D. 2004. The freshwater medusa Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) in Ivaylovgrad Dam (Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 147-148. Abstract. The existence of Craspedacusta sowerbii in Bulgaria is confirmed. Key words: Craspedacusta sowerbii, Hydrozoa, Olindiidae, Bulgaria.
Craspedacusta sowerbii was described in 1880. After that the species was found in the fresh waters of all the continents, excluding Antarctica. The Medusae of the genus Craspedacusta have been established by the author (BECHEV, 1991) in Ivaylovgrad Dam (Eastern Rhodopes). Because of the shortage of information the species was not identified with certainty. Its determination was done later, when some articles on the freshwater medusae were published (DUMONT, 1994; JANKOWSKI, 2001). Thus, the existence of Craspedacusta sowerbii in Bulgaria is now certainly established. Material examined: 25 mеdusae, Ivaylovgrad Dam, Marashnitsa branch, 25.9.1991, leg. D. Bechev. In the Marashnitsa branch a great number of medusae were observed, while in the other parts of the dam, only single specimens were marked off.
References BECHEV D. 1991. Craspedacusta in Bulgaria (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 29 (6): 33-34. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). DUMONT H. 1994. The distribution and ecology of the fresh- and brackish-water medusae of the world. – Hydrobiologia, 272: 1-12. JANKOWSKI T. 2001. The freshwater medusae of the world – a taxonomic and systematic literature study with some remarks on other inland water jellyfish. – Hydrobiologia, 462: 91-113.
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Author’s address: Dimitar Bechev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv 24, Tzar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Сладководната медуза Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa: Olindiidae) в язовир Ивайловград (Източни Родопи, България) Димитър БЕЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Медузи от род Craspedacusta бяха установени от автора (BECHEV, 1991) в язовир Ивайловград. Поради липсата на достатъчно информация тогава не беше конкретизиран видът. След публикуването на редица статии върху сладководните медузи това стана възможно. Сега със сигурност може да се потвърди присъствието на Craspedacusta sowerbii във фауната на България (язовир Ивайловград).
Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae
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The freshwater crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Dimitar BECHEV
Bechev D. 2004. The freshwater crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 149-151. Abstract. Material of the genus Potamon is revised. According to the taxonomic conception of BRANDIS et al. (2000) the freshwater crab established in Bulgaria belongs to P. ibericum. Key words: Potamon, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
In the Balkan Peninsula three species of the genus Potamon – P. potamios, P. fluviatile and P. ibericum (BRANDIS et al., 2000) are present. The freshwater crab was recorded to the fauna of Bulgaria by BULGURKOV (1961) as P. potamios (Olivier, 1804), and SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1988) and BECHEV (2000) as P. fluviatilis (Herbst, 1785). The revision of the author’s material, and a part of the specimens of Subchev made it clear that the species in Bulgaria is namely P. ibericum in keeping with the taxonomic conception of BRANDIS et al. (2000). Potamon (Pontipotamon) ibericum (Bieberstein, 1808) P. fluviatilis (Herbst, 1785): SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA, 1988; BECHEV, 2000 (Fig. 1-2). Known in the Eastern Rhodopes from: Ivaylodgrad Dam (BECHEV, 2000: “P. fluviatilis”), Harmanliyska Reka River near Harmanli, and near Modren Village (BRANDIS et al., 2000). Material examined: 1 † and 2 ‡‡, Ivaylodgrad Dam, near Arda Hut, 27.8.1994, D. Bechev. Distribution in Bulgaria. The data of BRANDIS et al. (2000) and the revision of Subchev’s material show that P. ibericum is distributed in Bulgaria as follows: a locality in a Danube tributary (near Kozlovets Village, south of Svishtov); in the rivers of the Black Sea catchment area (near Varna and in Strandja Mountain); in the rivers Tundja, Maritsa and Arda, and their tributaries. BULGURKOV (1961) also marked a find in the Mesta River (as P. potamios) and SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1988) - another find in a tributary
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Fig. 1. Potamon ibericum from Ivaylodgrad Dam – first gonopod, ventral view.
Fig. 2. Potamon ibericum from Ivaylodgrad Dam – first gonopod, dorsal view.
of the Struma River (as P. fluviatilis). The materials on these finds have not been revised by the author. The specimens probably belong to P. ibericum. But, having in mind the distribution of the Potamon species, P. (Eutelphusa) fluviatile (Herbst, 1785) is likely to occur in southwest Bulgaria.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Mitko Subchev for the material he provided for my study.
References BECHEV D. 2000. New localities of Potamon fluviatilis (Herbst, 1785) (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Bulgaria. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 36 (6): 95-96. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). BRANDIS D., STORCH V., TÜRKAY M. 2000. Taxinomy and zoogeography of the freshwater crabs of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (Crustacea, Decapoda, Potamidae). – Senckenbergiana biol., 80 (1-2): 5-56. BULGURKOV K. 1961. Systematik, Biologie und zoogeographishe Verbreitung der Süsswasserkrebse der Familien Astacidae und Potamonidae in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 10: 165-192. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). SUBCHEV M., STANIMIROVA L. 1988. Distribution of freshwater crayfish (Crustacea: Astacidae) and the epibionts of the genus Branchiobdella (Annelida: Branchiobdellae), Hystricoma chappuisi Michelsen, 1926 (Annelida: Oligochaeta) and Nitocrella divaricata (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Bulgaria. – Hist. nat. bulg., 9: 5-18. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
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Author’s address: Dimitar Bechev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv 24, Tzar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Сладководният крив рак в Източните Родопи (България) Димитър БЕЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) За България сладководният крив рак е съобщаван от BULGURKOV (1961) като Potamon potamios (Olivier, 1804) и от SUBCHEV & STANIMIROVA (1988) и BECHEV (2000) като P. fluviatilis (Herbst, 1785). Ревизирането на материалите на автора и голяма част от тези на Събчев показа, че според таксономичната концепция на BRANDIS et al. (2000) установяваният в България вид е P. ibericum. В Югозападна България е възможно присъствието на P. fluviatile.
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Pseudoscorpiones
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The false scorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Boyan P. PETROV
Petrov B. 2004. The false scorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 153-166. Abstract. The study reports the occurrence of 19 species of false scorpions in the Eastern Rhodopes. Seventeen species were found in the Bulgarian part of the mountain and three species (Olpium pallipes, Rhacochelifer corcyrensis and Hysterochelifer meridianus) were found in the Greek part. Hysterochelifer tuberculatus, Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus and Allochernes wideri are reported as new for Bulgaria. Newly established for Bulgaria are representatives of the genera Acanthocreagris and Microbisium. Thus the number of the species found in the country so far is raised to 51. Morphometric data for most of the species and illustrations of the newly found species are also given. Key words: pseudoscorpions, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece.
Introduction The species composition and distribution of false scorpions in Bulgaria have not yet been studied in detail. Surveys of local pseudoscorpion diversity were rarely conducted and only one regional paper has been published so far for the country (PETROV, 2001). Being terrestrial arachnids with low dispersal abilities representatives of this order are interesting from zoogeographical viewpoint and therefore are often accounted in biodiversity studies. The Eastern Rhodopes represent the south-easternmost part the Rila-Rhodopean mountain chain. The mountain covers 6005 km2, of which 4172 km2 belong to Bulgaria and 1833 km2 are in Greece. The average altitude is about 350 m and the highest peak is 1463 m (Veykata Summit). The climate is generally warm and dry, with a marked precipitation maximum in winter. Only two species of false scorpions have been reported from the marginal areas of the territory considered in this study: Withius hispanus (L. Koch) (DUCHÁC, 1999) and Dendrochernes cyrneus (L. Koch) (REDIKORZEV, 1928). Based on 30 specimens, BEIER (1932) described Pselaphochernes balcanicus from “Novo selo”. PETROV
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B. PETROV
(1997) supposed that the village concerned (there are at least five villages in the country under this name) is located in the Thracian Lowland. Exact mapping of the latter record remains impossible. Cave-dwelling Roncus samples collected in the studied region were reported by PETROV (2000b), but these were not identified to species. There are no published records of pseudoscorpions from the Greek side of the Eastern Rhodopes.
Material and methods Pseudoscorpions were hand-collected under the stones, tree bark or logs. Litter dwelling species were sifted with an entomological hand sieve (hole diameter = 8 mm). Members of the family Chthoniidae were collected but the results will be published separately. The material is preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the arachnological collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS). The collection number is indicated in square brackets. The majority of the localities are situated in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes, hence the country is only specified for the Greek localities. All specimens were examined under a stereo-microscope. Measurements were taken on specimens in a cavity slide without dissection. From the palpal fingers, only the movable one was measured. All measurements and ratios are summarized in Table 1. The systematic arrangement follows HARVEY (1991).
Results OLPIIDAE Olpium pallipes (Lucas) New data: [№ 917] Greece, Maronia, 10 km at the east of the village, under bark of Olea europaea, 27.9.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 4 nymphs, 1 ‡. This species is common in the Mediterranean region (BEIER 1963; HEURTAULT 1979) and has previously been reported from Greece and Bulgaria (BERON 1996). The measurements of the only available female (Table 1) fit in the range of O. pallipes pallipes (Lucas). NEOBISIIDAE Acanthocreagris sp. New data: [№ 451] Tsvyatovo, Inkaya Cave, 6.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 1 tritonymph. The genus is new for the fauna of Bulgaria. The only available specimen is relatively poorly preserved and does not allow detailed examination. The chelicerae end with a simple and short galea (Fig. 1). The flagellum is typical for the genus (Fig. 2). The manducatory process bears 3 apical setae, the epistome of the carapace is strongly reduced, no eyes or eye spots are visible. The palpal femur and the chelal palm are slightly granulated anterolaterally. The left pedipalp is illustrated on Fig. 3. Some body and palpal measurements are presented in Table 1.
5
1 3
3
2 2 3 3
2
3
4
6
10
females
male males
females
females males females males
females
males
females
males
females
1 6
2 2 1 1 3
female
males females female male males
Rhacochelifer corcyrensis Allochernes wideri
Chernes similis
Dendrochernes cyrneus Lamprochernes chyzeri Pselaphochernes scorpioides
6
females
Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus males
Hysterochelifer tuberculatus
Hysterochelifer meridianus
Diplotemnus insolitus
Neobisium reitteri Neobisium sylvaticum
4
1 1 1 3
female ? ? males
Olpium pallipes Microbisium sp. N: 447 Microbisium sp. N: 949 Neobisium crassifemoratum
Neobisium fuscimanum Neobisum macrodactylum
N
GENDER
SPECIES
min max
min max ave ave
min max min max ave ave ave min max min max min max min max min max min max min max min max
min max min max
0.605 0.710 0.691 0.480 0.576 0.518 0.614 0.730 0.806 1.075 0.826 1.075 0.768 0.768 0.952 0.768 1.075 0.826 1.075 0.898 0.941 0.955 1.097 0.768 1.069 0.898 1.069 0.864 0.955 0.826 0.941 0.634 0.768 1.069 0.653 0.653 0.941 0.614 0.584 0.613
0.461 0.614 0.557 0.518 0.538 0.576 0.614 0.710 0.826 1.094 0.806 1.094 0.845 0.755 0.951 0.755 1.094 0.806 1.094 0.784 0.812 0.798 0.898 0.713 0.902 0.755 0.960 0.784 0.812 0.806 0.869 0.614 0.713 0.96 0.663 0.653 0.922 0.480 0.499 0.513
0.586 0.730 0.653 0.595 0.634 0.634 0.690 0.979 1.248 1.402 1.190 1.402 0.989 0.986 1.248 0.986 1.402 1.190 1.402 0.998 1.069 1.112 1.268 0.898 1.056 0.855 1.226 0.845 0.884 0.806 0.883 0.634 0.845 1.226 0.586 0.576 0.979 0.557 0.513 0.513
0.192 0.192 0.179 0.192 0.211 0.182 0.230 0.217 0.269 0.326 0.276 0.326 0.282 0.246 0.309 0.246 0.326 0.276 0.326 0.242 0.271 0.271 0.285 0.207 0.250 0.242 0.299 0.307 0.336 0.332 0.346 0.19 0.207 0.336 0.240 0.230 0.394 0.236 0.200 0.200
0.518 0.557 0.518 0.518 0.538 0.518 0.595 0.672 0.922 1.037 0.902 1.037 0.778 0.781 0.960 0.778 1.037 0.902 1.037 0.855 0.898 0.912 1.026 0.855 0.998 0.784 1.330 0.713 0.784 0.768 0.787 0.499 0.713 1.330 0.552 0.509 0.998 0.518 0.485 0.513
CEPH_L CEPH_B FEM_L FEM_B TIB_L 0.24 0.250 0.211 0.240 0.250 0.250 0.288 0.250 0.307 0.384 0.317 0.384 0.346 0.317 0.387 0.317 0.384 0.317 0.384 0.299 0.327 0.314 0.371 0.242 0.294 0.299 0.371 0.336 0.399 0.384 0.388 0.23 0.242 0.399 0.269 0.250 0.509 0.250 0.228 0.242
TIB_B 0.288 0.326 0.326 0.326 0.336 0.326 0.422 0.461 0.509 0.634 0.557 0.634 0.509 0.467 0.615 0.467 0.634 0.557 0.634 0.456 0.485 0.485 0.613 0.356 0.403 0.413 0.527 0.403 0.499 0.470 0.526 0.326 0.356 0.527 0.375 0.341 0.768 0.307 0.285 0.299
0.499 0.614 0.538 0.480 0.518 0.518 0.634 0.653 0.902 1.094 0.979 1.094 0.826 0.793 1.066 0.793 1.094 0.979 1.094 0.926 1.012 1.083 1.211 0.989 1.112 0.354 1.267 0.749 0.884 0.806 0.864 0.595 0.354 1.267 0.519 0.538 1.056 0.557 0.499 0.527
0.442 0.691 0.653 0.576 0.634 0.568 0.614 0.922 1.286 1.423 1.248 1.423 1.056 0.902 1.056 0.902 1.423 1.248 1.423 0.741 0.784 0.770 0.912 0.542 0.672 0.584 0.749 0.542 0.653 0.614 0.691 0.47 0.542 0.749 0.499 0.490 0.806 0.403 0.143 0.399
1.312 1.156 1.241 0.892 1.112 0.844 1.033 1.028 0.962 1.044 0.983 1.044 0.910 1.019 1.000 1.104 1.263 1.083 1.142 1.140 1.179 1.129 1.222 0.889 1.385 0.783 1.196 1.072 1.176 0.951 1.167 1.033 0.783 1.385 0.986 1.000 1.021 1.279 1.168 1.195
3.052 3.802 3.648 3.005 3.198 2.922 3.484 4.512 4.639 4.698 4.301 4.698 3.508 4.002 4.044 2.775 3.000 2.606 2.820 3.945 4.298 4.000 4.449 4.004 4.339 3.533 4.100 2.631 2.752 2.387 2.660 3.337 2.631 4.339 2.439 2.504 2.485 2.360 2.565 2.565
2.158 2.228 2.455 2.072 2.158 2.065 2.112 2.688 2.937 2.968 2.701 2.968 2.247 2.468 2.480 2.232 2.502 2.336 2.347 2.746 2.860 2.612 2.904 3.395 3.916 0.688 4.196 1.965 2.122 2.000 2.049 2.170 0.688 4.196 2.052 2.034 1.961 2.072 2.004 2.250
1.733 1.883 1.650 1.429 1.589 1.487 1.589 1.416 1.625 1.792 1.726 1.792 1.623 1.699 1.731 1.862 2.000 1.641 1.736 2.031 2.087 1.878 2.233 2.620 2.888 0.672 2.760 1.772 1.903 1.572 1.838 1.825 0.672 2.888 1.384 1.578 1.375 1.814 1.716 1.849
0.886 1.125 1.214 1.112 1.321 0.968 1.112 1.412 1.367 1.366 1.275 1.366 1.286 1.138 0.990 0.590 0.685 0.614 0.781 0.742 0.800 0.711 0.779 0.513 0.679 0.523 2.014 0.644 0.872 0.762 0.857 0.790 0.513 2.014 0.962 0.913 0.763 0.724 0.271 0.800
CH_B CH_L FIN_L CEF_L/B FEM_L/B TIB_L/B CH_L/B FIN/CH
Table 1 Body measurements and ratios of some species of false scorpions found in the Eastern Rhodopes
Pseudoscorpiones 155
156
B. PETROV
Microbisium sp. New data: [№ 447] Tarnovtsi, entrance of Karaguk Cave, 5.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 1 spec.; [№ 949] Egrek, alt. 550 m, Quercus litter, 11.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 spec. The genus is new to the fauna of Bulgaria. The two available specimens do not allow secure identification to species level though both seem conspecific. The trichobothrium IST of the fixed palpal finger is almost halfway between IB and IT which is characteristic for M. manicatum (L. Koch). The fingers of the examined two specimens are 1.13-1.21x longer than the chelal palm and stay more gracile (Fig. 4; Table 1), as in Romanian M. fagetum Cîrdei, Bulimar & Malcoci. However M. fagetum is smaller in size (Femur L/B= 0.49/0.14; Tibia L/B= 0.34/0.16; Chelal palm L/B= 0.45/0.26; Finger = 0.53). The carapace of the specimens from localities № 447 and № 949 are 1.16-1.24x longer than broad, bear two small eye spots and the epistome is reduced to slightly dentate protuberance. The presence of this species at cave entrance is probably accidental.
0.05 mm
Fig 1. Acanthocreagris sp., left chelicera
Fig 2. Acanthocreagris sp., flagellum
0.5 mm
0.5 mm
Fig 3. Acanthocreagris sp., left pedipalp
Fig 4. Microbisium sp. (№ 447), right pedipalp
Pseudoscorpiones
157
Neobisium crassifemoratum (Beier) New data: [№ 149 BP] Odrintsi, Oreshinsko Dere Valley, broadleaf litter, 18.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 8 nymphs, 3 ††, 1 ‡; [№ 951] Ridino, near Gyaurhambar Cave, Fagus-Carpinus litter, alt. 600 m, 12.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 6 ††, 4 ‡‡ (Fig. 5); [№ 953b] Golyam Makaz, Fagus litter, alt. 750 m, 11.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 nymph, 2 ‡‡. This species was first recorded from Bulgaria by PETROV (2001). The present survey reports this species from 3 localities in the Eastern Rhodopes. The tibia of all examined specimens is relatively rounded, as in N. cephalonicum, but the stout femur and the overall small size (see measurements in Table 1) of the specimens indicate that they belong to N. crassifemoratum. Neobisium fuscimanum (C. L. Koch) New data: [№ 440] Madan, 7.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 2 tritonymphs; [№ 453] Glumovo, 4.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 2 tritonymphs; [№ 454] Tsvyatovo, 6.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 1 †; [№ 805] Kremen, Carpinus litter, 7.11.1999, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 †; [№ 947] Oreshari, Dishlik Dere valley, Carpinus litter, 10.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 5 spec.; [№ 953] Golyam Makaz, Fagus litter, alt. 750 m, 11.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 3 spec.; [№ 1059] Tarnovtsi, Carpinus-Corylus litter, 22.10.2003, B. Petrov, P. Beron leg., 1 ‡. This species is one of the most commonly encountered litter-dwelling species in Bulgaria, living in a wide altitudinal range (pers. obs.). It was reported from unknown locality in the adjacent Sakar Mt. (HADŽI 1940). Neobisium macrodactylum (Daday) New data: [№ 117 BP] Ustren, the castle, alt. 600 m, under stone, 18.8.1995, P. Stoev leg., 1 tritonymph; [№ 125 BP] Podkova, Quercus litter, 12.10.1995, B. Petrov, P.
0.5 mm
Fig 5. Neobisium crassifemoratum (№ 951) †, left pedipalp
158
B. PETROV
Stoev leg., 1 ‡; [№ 802] Egrek, alt. 550 m, broadleaf litter, 7.11.1999, B. Petrov et al. leg., 2 ††; [№ 807] Krumovgrad, bridge on the river Golemya Dol, 3 km south of the town, alt. 200 m, broadleaf litter, 7.11.1999, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡; [№ 948] the pass between Vurbovo and Dolni Glavanak, alt. 550 m, Quercus-Carpinus litter, 9.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡; [№ 954] between Nedelino and Izgrev, alt. 850 m, Fagus litter, 13.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡. Although the species was known only from a single locality in Central Stara planina Mt. (REDIKORZEV 1928), it is not rare in the broadleaved deciduous woodlands in the mountainous region of the country (pers. obs.). Measurements of 3 males and 3 females are presented in Table 1. Neobisium reitteri (Beier) New data: [№ 803] Glumovo, Ilieva Niva, Quercus litter, alt. 600 m, 6.11.1999, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡ (Fig. 6); [№ 953b] Golyam Makaz, Fagus litter, alt. 750 m, 11.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡. This species has a distinctively rounded and relatively large palpal tibia (Fig. 6). The only previous record of this species in Bulgaria was from Kresna gorge (PETROV 2001). Measurements and ratios are summarized in Table 1. Neobisium sylvaticum (C. L. Koch) New data: [№ 954] between Nedelino and Izgrev, alt. 850 m, Fagus litter, 13.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡ (Fig. 7); [№ 1056] Kremen, litter of Carpinus-Crataegus, 23.10.2003, B. Petrov, P. Beron leg., 1 ‡, 3 ††. This species is very close to N. hellenum (E. Simon). The length of the chelal palm of the examined specimens is nearly equal (females x 0.98-1.0) or slightly shorter (males x 1.12-1.15) than the length of the movable finger (Table 1). The latter is considered to be
1 mm
Fig 6. Neobisium reitteri (№ 803) &, right pedipalp
1 mm
Fig 7. Neobisium sylvaticum (№ 954) &, left pedipalp
Pseudoscorpiones
159
one of the distinctions between N. sylvaticum and N. hellenum (BEIER 1932, 1963). The males are slightly smaller in size than those measured in other morphometric studies (e.g. ĆURČIĆ 1982). Some doubt therefore remains as to whether the material examined here is correctly identified. Roncus sp. Rich material of cave-dwelling Roncus was collected in course of the present study. A morphometric analysis of 162 specimens indicated the presence of several undescribed species, inhabiting 18 caves in the region (PETROV 2000b, BERON et al. 2004). The list of the caves follows the arrangements of BERON et al. (2004), collection details are not presented. New data: Zandana (Hs 1), Karadjainler (Hs 2), Karaguk (Kr 2), Samarskata peshtera (Kr 4), Gouk In (Kr 7), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Prilepova dupka (Kr 13), Zlatnata yama (Kr 14), Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), Rupata (Kr 16), Vodnata peshtera (Kr 17), Brashlyanovata peshtera (Kr 19), Mechkina dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata peshtera (Kr 21), Belopolyanskata peshtera (Kr 22), Naredenite kamani (Kr 23), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Karangin (Kr 28). ATEMNIDAE Atemnus politus (E. Simon) New data: [№ 150 BP] Odrintsi, Oreshinsko Dere Valley, under tree bark, 18.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 1 tritonymph. This species is rarely encountered in samples from Bulgaria (pers. obs.). Presumably it is much commoner in the studied region than revealed by the field data. Diplotemnus insolitus Chamberlin New data: [№ 118 BP] Studen Kladenets, under stone, 24.8.1995, P. Stoev leg., 1 ‡ (Fig. 8); [№ 958] Madjarovo, introduced in a house, 7.1.2001, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov leg., 1 dried tritonymph; [№ 1099] Oreshari, under stones, 9.5.2001, B. Petrov leg., 3 ††, 1 ‡, 1 deutonymph. The species was erroneously reported by PETROV (1997) under D. ophthalmicus Redikorzev which is a junior synonym of the present species. As studied and disscussed by DASHDAMIROV & SCHAWALLER (1993), D. insolitus includes several previously recognised “species” (D. afghanicus Beier, D. lindbergi Beier, D. ophthalmicus Redikorzev, D. persicus (Redikorzev), D. insolitus sinensis (Schenkel 1953)) which occur in a wide range within the Palearctic region. The size and proportions of the pedipalps gradually vary upon the origin of the specimens. Palpal measures and ratios of the specimens from localities № 118 BP (Fig. 8) and № 1099 (Table 1) fit in the variation range of D. vachoni as pointed in DASHDAMIROV & SCHAWALLER (1993, Fig. 36-37). As far as D. vachoni Dumitresco & Orghidan and D. pieperi Helveresen were found out to be closely related and if more data was available the latter authors tend to consider D. vachoni as a synonym of D. insolitus. CHELIFERIDAE Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (Beier) New data: [№ 150 BP] Odrintsi, Oreshinsko Dere Valley, under tree bark, 18.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 1 ‡; [№ 254 BP] Madjarovo, near NICCER, under bark Quercus, 18.5.1998, B. Petrov leg., 1 ‡; [№ 297 BP] Ivaylovgrad, Monastery St. Konstan-
160
B. PETROV
1 mm
0.5 mm
Fig 8. Diplotemnus insolitus (№ 118 BP) ‡, right pedipalp
Fig 9. Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (№ 805) †, left pedipalp
tin and Elena, under bark of Platanus, 22.4.1999, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 ‡; [№ 805] Kremen, under bark of Quercus, 7.11.1999, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 †, 1 ‡ (Fig. 10); [№ 1056] idem., 23.10.2003, B. Petrov, P. Beron leg., 4 nymphs, 1 †, 3 ‡‡; [№ 1022] Madjarovo, near the stone quarry close to Arda River, litter of Quercus and under bark, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov leg., 1 nymph, 4 ††. The species and the genus are new for Bulgaria. The measurements of the examined specimens (4 ††, 6 ‡‡) fit the range of B. peloponnesiacus peloponnesiacus, rather than that of B. peloponnesiacus jonicus (Table 2). However, the available morphometric data in the Table2 Measurements of Beierochelifer spp. (in millimetres) Femur Length Ratio L/B
Tibia Length Ratio L/B
Hand Length Ratio L/B
Finger Length Hand/ Finger
0.59 - 0.69 2.74 - 3.18
0.54 - 0.63 1.98 - 2.20
0.63 – 0.76 1.84 – 2.03
0.38 – 0.44
1.56 – 1.72
MAHNERT, 1977
B. peloponnesiacus 0.83 – 0.90 0.80 – 0.84 peloponnesiacus 2.2(†) – 2.6 (‡) 2.0 – 2.2
0.89 – 0.91 1.7 – 2.0
0.68 – 0.69
1.31 – 1.32
BEIER, 1963
B. peloponnesiacus 0.89 – 1.0 jonicus 2.5 – 2.6
0.82 – 0.95 2.2
0.88 – 1.12 1.95 – 1.96
0.61 – 0.69
1.44 – 1.62
BEIER, 1963
B. peloponnesiacus — jonicus 2.5 – 2.8
— 2.0 – 2.3
— —
— —
— —
MAHNERT, 1977
B. peloponnesiacus 0.85 – 0.88 (†) 0.81 – 0.88 (‡) 0.77 – 0.79 (‡) 2.63 – 2.75 (†) 2.38 – 2.66 (‡)
0.71 – 0.78 (†) 0.81 – 0.86 (‡) 1.97 – 2.1 (†) 2.0 – 2.01 (‡)
0.75 – 0.88 (†) 0.54 – 0.65 (†) 1.15 – 1.55 (†) PRESENT 0.61 – 0.69 (‡) 1.17 – 1.31 (‡) 1.17 – 1.31 (‡) PAPER 1.77 – 1.9 (†) 1.57 – 1.84 (‡)
Species B. anatolicus
Source
Pseudoscorpiones
161
literature is too scarce and rarely discriminates the sexes. Thus it is difficult to determine the range differences at the specific and subspecific levels. The studied specimens could not be reliably sexed from the morphometric properties of their palps alone (Table 1). One morphological feature which is present in all examined specimens, but not mentioned in the original description of the genus (MAHNERT, 1977), is a short but obvious tactile seta on tarsus IV (Fig. 10). This seta is not mentioned in the description of the type species, B. anatolicus (BEIER, 1949), or that of B. geoffroyi (HEURTAULT, 1981), although it is present in the types of the latter (M. JUDSON, in litt.). However in the original diagnose of Chelifer peloponnesiacus, BEIER (1929: 356) clearly states “Tarsus IV mit einem Tasthaar im letzten Dritteln”. This seta is quite prominent and the generic diagnose should be modified to take it into account. Hysterochelifer meridianus (L. Koch) New data: [№ 709] Greece, Avas, 17.5.1987, P. Beron leg., 3 ‡‡; [№ 913] idem., under bark of Platanus, 27.9.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 2 ††, 7 ‡‡; [№ 917] Greece, Maronia, 10 km at the east of the village, under bark of Olea europaea, 27.9.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 2 nymphs, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; [№ 147 BP] Gnyazdovo, under tree bark, 7.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; [№ 150 BP] Odrintsi, Oreshinsko Dere Valley, under tree bark, 18.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 2 ‡‡; [№ 236 BP] between Bezhantsi and Boturche, under bark of Quercus, alt. 500m, 15.4.1998, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 ‡; [№ 237 BP] Dolna Kula, under bark of Quercus, 16.4.1998, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 nymph, 1 ‡; [№ 297 BP] Ivaylovgrad, Monastery St. Konstantin and Elena, under bark of Platanus, 22.4.1999, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 4 nymphs, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡; [№ 951] Ridino, near Gyaurhambar Cave, Fagus-Carpinus litter, alt. 600 m, 12.12.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 deutonymph; [№ 1025] Mezek, the base of Gorata Ridge, under bark of Quercus, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg., 5 nymphs, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡. This species is widely distributed in the Mediterranean regions in Europe, occurring in various microhabitats (BEIER, 1963). It is a fairly common bark-dwelling species in Bulgaria (pers. obs.) including the Eastern Rhodopes. Hysterochelifer tuberculatus (Lucas) New data: [№ 144 BP] Madjarovo, Momina Skala Hut, under tree bark, 13.5.1996, B. Petrov leg., 1 ‡; [№ 150 BP] Odrintsi, Oreshinsko Dere Valley, under tree bark, 18.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 1 ‡; [№ 255 BP] Madjarovo, SW slopes of Patron Kaya Hill, under tree bark, 19.5.1998, B. Petrov leg., 2 ††, 1 ‡; [№ 309 BP] Belopolyane, Kodja Kaya Hill, under tree bark, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 †, 2 ‡‡; [№ 453] Glumovo, 4.6.1982, P. Beron leg., 2 ‡‡; [№ 642] Meden buk, 29.3.1986, P. Beron leg., 1 tritonymph; [№ 1024] idem., under bark of Quercus, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg., 4 ††, 3 ‡‡; [№ 1025] Mezek, the base of Gorata Ridge, under bark of Quercus, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg., 1 †. This species is new for Bulgaria. H. tuberculatus was found only under tree bark, rarely sympatrically with H. meridianus (e.g. Loc. № 150 BP and № 1025). In proper xerophytic habitats (presumably including rocks, cf. WEYGOLDT, 1969) it is expected to have a wider distribution in the studied region.
162
B. PETROV
Rhacochelifer corcyrensis (Beier) New data: [№ 917] Greece, Maronia, 10 km at the east of the village, under bark of Olea europaea, 27.9.2000, B. Petrov et al. leg., 1 ‡ (measurements in Table 1). This species is common in the eastern Mediterranean (BEIER, 1963). However it has not yet been found in Bulgaria. CHERNETIDAE Allochernes wideri (C. L. Koch) New data: [№ 165 BP] Gaberovo, Prilepnata peshtera Cave, in dry sheep’s and bat guano, 17.6.1996, P. Stoev leg., 16 spec.; [№ 165a BP] idem., 9.12.2000, B. Petrov leg., 11 spec. (Fig. 11). This species is new for Bulgaria. Compared with the sibling species A. powelli (Kew), all the examined specimens have greater number of setae on the tergites: 6(7)-7(8)-8-1010(11)-11-10-9(11)-8(10)-7(9). The palpal measurements and ratios (Table 1) fit in the range of A. wideri given by HELVERSEN (1966). Chernes similis (Beier) New data: [№ 245 BP] the road pass between Efrem and Oreshets, under tree bark, alt. 550 m, 13.4.1998, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 2 nymphs, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡; ; [№ 1056] Kremen, under bark of Quercus, 23.10.2003, B. Petrov, P. Beron leg., 1 †, 1 ‡. This bark-dwelling species was reported from few localities in Bulgaria by HADŽI (1940) and PETROV (2000a). Presumably it has wider distribution in the studied region. Palpal measurements of 2 †† and 2 ‡‡ are presented in Table 1. Dendrochernes cyrneus (L. Koch) Literature data: Krivo-pole, Distr. Haskovo (REDIKORZEV, 1928). New data: [№ 144 BP] Madjarovo, Momina Skala Hut, under tree bark, 13.5.1996, B. Petrov leg., 1 ‡ (measurements in Table 1); [№ 147 BP] Gnyazdovo, under tree bark,
Fig 10. Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (№ 1022) †, leg IV
Fig. 11. Allochernes wideri (№ 165A BP) †, left pedipalp
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7.5.1996, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg., 1 deutonymph; [№ 770] Bashevo, the old castle, litter of Carpinus orientalis, 5.8.1999, B. Petrov, Vl. Beshkov leg., 1 tritonymph. Although only one record of this species from Bulgaria has previously been published, it has wider distribution in the country (pers. obs.) and, perhaps, in the studied region as well. Lamprochernes chyzeri (Tömösváry) New data: [№ 743] Dolno Lukovo, under bark of Juglans regia, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 † (measurements in Table 1). This species is relatively rarely encountered in the field samples from Bulgaria (pers. obs.). Lamprochernes nodosus (Schrank) New data: [№ 236 BP] between Bezhantsi and Boturche, under bark of Quercus, alt. 500m, 15.4.1998, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 1 tritonymph. Although only one specimen is available for determination, its small size and slightly developed trochanter tubercles indicate that it belongs to this species. Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann) New data: [№ 236 BP] between Bezhantsi and Boturche, under bark of Quercus, alt. 500m, 15.4.1998, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg., 3 ††. There are very few morphological characters to separate P. scorpioides from P. balcanicus (Beier). The main distinguishing feature pointed by BEIER (1933, 1963) is that the palpal finger and the chelal palm (without the pedicel) of the male P. scorpioides are equal in length, whereas in P. balcanicus, the length of the palm (with the pedicel) is equal to the finger. At second, the number of laminae of the serrula interior is 18 in P. scorpioides versus 17 in P. balcanicus. Many other morphological characters of both species (e.g. granulation, tergite setation, accessory teeth, galea, etc.) are quite similar and their form and number do not vary significantly. The same is true for the body measurements, which strongly overlap. In all studied specimens, the length of the chelal palm without the pedicel was slightly longer than the finger (as in P. scorpioides) (Table 1) and all have 17 laminae in the serrula interior (as in P. balcanicus). Tergal setation is 10(9)-6-6-6-6(7)-7-7(8)-7-8(7)-7-7(8). Examination of further material is needed to determine whether these species are actually synonymous. WITHIIDAE Withius hispanus (L. Koch) Literature data: Harmanli, valley of the Harmanliyska Reka River close to the town, under tree bark, 25.7.1980, V. Duchác leg., 1 deutonymph, 1 ‡ (DUCHÁC, 1999). Although this thermophilic species was reported only from the Black Sea Coast of Bulgaria (HADŽI, 1940), unpublished data indicate that it is not so rare in the country as previously considered (pers. obs.).
Discussion In course of the present study, 19 species have been found to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes mountain. The most diverse genus found in the region is Neobisium, with 5
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species. Being mostly litter-dwellers, the majority of the specimens was found in the leaf litter of mixed deciduous forests (usually dominated by Quercus spp., Carpinus orientalis and Fagus sylvatica). With few exceptions, most of the other species were found under tree bark. Stones were also searched for pseudoscorpions, but only some (e.g. D. insolitus) were found in the autumn and springtime. Karstic and volcanic caves were regularly found to shelter representatives of the genera Roncus and, occasionally, Acanthocreagris and Microbisium (cf. BERON et al., 2004). Allochernes wideri was found in sheep’s dung and bat guano at the entrance of a small volcanic cave. Only three species were found in Greece- Olpium pallipes, Rhacochelifer corcyrensis and Hysterochelifer meridianus. The first two were not found in Bulgarian part of the mountain. The diversity of the pseudoscorpions in the Greek Eastern Rhodopes is doubtless higher than revealed by the available field samples. With regard to microhabitat preferences of the species, bark-dwelling species have a dominant share (53%) followed by litter-dwelling species (26%) and those of mixed (stoneslitter) occurrence (21%). Although Chthoniidae and Roncus spp. (generally litter and stonedwellers) were not examined, the relative dominance of the bark-dwellers will not be significantly changed considering the dry and warm climate of the Eastern Rhodopes. The latter tend to favour the occurrence of species adapted to live in more arid environments, such as most Cheliferidae and Chernetidae. In conclusion, the present study raises the number of pseudoscorpions found in Bulgaria to 51 species, which belong to 9 families and 22 genera (PETROV 1997, 2000a, 2001). So far 37% of the species were found in the studied region. The diversity of false scorpions in the Eastern Rhodopes will be even higher when the species of Chthoniidae and Roncus (Neobisiidae) are taken into account.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank P. Beron (NMNHS) for his all-round support in my faunal studies. The logistic help of many colleagues, among them B. Barov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov and N. Simov, is greatly appreciated. For useful discussion on Beierochelifer spp. and linguistic improvement of the manuscript I thank M. Judson (MNHN Paris). Fieldwork in Greece in 2000 was supported by a grant from the Research Fund of the American Arachnological Society.
References BEIER M. 1929. Die Pseudoskorpione des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. II. Panctenodactyli. – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 43: 341-367. BEIER M. 1932. Pseudoscorpionidea II. Subord. Cheliferinea. - Das Tierreich, 58, 294 pp. BEIER M. 1933. Revision der Chernetidae (Pseudoscorp.). – Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., Ökol. Geogr. Tiere, 64: 509-548. BEIER M. 1949. Türkiye Psevdoscorpion’lari hakkinda (Türkische Pseudoscorpione). – Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, 14 (B): 1-20. BEIER M. 1963. Ordnung Pseudoscorpionidea (Afterskorpione). – Bestimmungsbücher zur Bodenfauna Europas. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 313 pp. BERON P. 1996. Geogarypidae and Olpiidae (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida) - new families for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 6: 24.
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BERON P., PETROV B., STOEV P. 2004. The invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria, Greece). – In: Beron P.. Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 791-822. ĆURČIĆ B. P. M. 1982. Postembryonic development in the Neobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones, Arachnida). – Monographs, Serbian Acad. Sci. Arts, 56: 90 pp. DASHDAMIROV S., SCHAWALLER W. 1993. Pseudoscorpions from Middle Asia, Part 3 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). - Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkunde, 497 (A): 1-16. DUCHÁC V. 1999. Fund der Art Withius hispanus (L. Koch 1873) in Südbulgarien (Pseudoscorpiones, Withiidae). – Ent. Zeitschr., 109 (12): 496-498. HADŽI J. 1940. Pseudoskorpioniden aus Bulgarien. - Mitt. Königl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 13: 18-48. HARVEY M. S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 726 pp. HELVERSEN O. von. 1966. Pseudoskorpione aus dem Rhein-Main-Gebiet. – Senckenberg. biol., 47: 131-150. HEURTAULT J. 1979. Complément à la description de Olpium pallipes Lucas, 1845, type de la famille Olpiidae (Arachnides, Pseudoscorpions). - Revue suisse Zool., 86: 925-931. HEURTAULT J. 1981. Présence et signification dans la France méditerranéenne des espèces des genres Beierochelifer, Cheirochelifer et Calocheiridius (Arachnides, Pseudoscorpions). - Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. Natur., 88 (B): 209-222. MAHNERT V. 1977. Über einige Atemnidae und Cheliferidae Griechenlands (Pseudoscorpiones). – Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., 50: 67-74. PETROV B. 1997. A review of Bulgarian pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida). -Proc. 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Siedlce, Czech Republic, 261-269. PETROV B. 2000a. Cheiridiidae H. J. Hansen (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones), a new family for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 11: 61-64. PETROV B. 2000b. Morphometric variability in some cave-dwelling Roncus spp. populations from the Eastern Rhodops Mountain, Bulgaria (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones). – In: Toft S. (ed.). Book of Abstracts. 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Aarhus, Denmark, 45-46. PETROV B. 2001. False scorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Kresna Gorge, SW Bulgaria. – In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge. Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Inst. Zool., Sofia, 69-73. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). REDIKORZEV V. 1928. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pseudoscorpionenfauna Bulgariens. - Mitt. Königl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 1: 118-141. WEYGOLDT P. 1969. The Biology of Pseudoscorpions. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 145 pp.
Author’s address: Boyan P. Petrov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. Sofia 1000, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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B. PETROV Псевдоскорпиони (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Боян ПЕТРОВ (Р е з ю м е)
Съобщават се 19 вида псевдоскорпиони от Източните Родопи. В българската част на планината са установени 17 вида, а в гръцката 3 вида (Olpium pallipes, Rhacochelifer corcyrensis и Hysterochelifer meridianus). Като нови за България се съобщават Hysterochelifer tuberculatus, Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus и Allochernes wideri. За всички проблемни и близкородствени видове са сравнявани меристични и метрични белези, които позволяват надеждно определяне. Новооткрити за страната са и представители на родовете Acanthocreagris и Microbisium. Общият брой на видовете пседвоскорпиони, установени в България, става 51. За новооткритите видове са приложени илюстрации, а за почти всички и морфометрични данни.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Plamen MITOV
Mitov P. 2004. Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 167-179. Abstract. The work summarizes the data on the harvestmen-fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains, a relatively poorly known territory of Bulgaria. The faunistic list includes 24 species altogether (from 18 genera and 5 families), or roughly 45% of the opilionid species recorded so far from Bulgaria. Eleven species are new to the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes and new chorological data are added for six species and subspecies. A comparison between the faunas of the Eastern and the Western Rhodopes is presented, and a zoogeographical characterization of the opilionid fauna of the latter region is furnished. Some comments on endemism, expected number of species, and the conservation status of the studied animal group in the investigated area are provided. Key words: Opiliones, harvestmen, faunistic, zoogeographical notes, Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The Rhodopes Mountains (GULUBOV et al., 1956; GEORGIEV, 1985, 1991), as a part of the Rila-Rhodopes massif, stretch throughout the southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula and possess a relatively high average altitude (785 m). Based on morphohydrographic traits, the Rhodopes massif is usually subdivided into two main parts - western part (area: 8061 sq. km) and eastern part (area: 4172 sq. km). In contrast to the Western Rhodopes, the eastern part is more hilly and has a relatively lower average altitude (330 m). The Eastern Rhodopes are predominantly influenced by the Mediterranean climate, but due to their specific geographical configuration (i. e. the mountain chains are widely open northwards), the cooler continental airflow is also felt, especially in the winter. Despite that, the winter is relatively mild; the snow cover is not so long lasting, the mean monthly temperatures do not drop below 0°C, and the average annual rainfall is relatively high (600-1000 mm). The summer is dry, the maximum average temperatures reach 31°C (in the area of Kardjali) (GEORGIEV, 1985; GRUEV, 1988). As a result, a significant climatic differentiation may be observed in the area of the Eastern Rhodopes - the transitional continental and the transitional Mediterranean climate, combining with some elements of the temperate continental and mountain climate (above 1000 m), are manifested in the region (GEORGIEV, 1985, 1991).
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In the past the Rhodopes massif existed for a long time as a compact land massif (development of the current relief began at the beginning of the Neogen), and so it is geologically the oldest land in Bulgaria. All this, together with the fact that the mountain was ice-free during the glaciations periods, has permitted many relict species to persist on its territory (GULUBOV еt al., 1956). Additionally, many expansive Mediterranean taxa have reached the mountain (GRUEV, 1988). So the Eastern Rhodopes, as a part of the territory of the South Bulgarian biogeographical region - a zone that has acted as an important refuge, supporting the survival of several thermophilous floral and faunal elements during the Pleistocene (see GRUEV, 1988), represent an area of significant interest for both faunists and zoogeographers.
Review of previous investigations The opilionid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is much less known compared to the fauna of the Western Rhodopes (Table 1). Until now they have not been a subject of special research. Only 13 species (belonging to 11 genera and 3 families) have been reported from the area so far (ŠILHAVÝ, 1965; STARĘGA, 1976; BERON, 1994; BERON & MITOV, 1996; KARAMAN, 2002; MITOV, 1986b, 2002, 2003). Hence the present work aims at summarizing both the published and unpublished data on the opilionid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (respectively of the Rhodopes as a whole), zoogeographically analyzing the resulting data, and estimating the conservation status of this animal group. It is clear that the work on revealing the species composition and the distribution of the representatives of the order Opiliones - an ancient and perfectly suitable for zoogeographical investigations animal group (see EMELYANOV, 1974; GUÉORGUIEV, 1992) will contribute significantly towards a better and more extensive characterization of this relatively poorly investigated region in Bulgaria.
Material and methods The present work is based on material collected during the fieldtrips of many Bulgarian zoologists who visited the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes during the period 1982-2003. The material is deposited in the arachnological collection of the author and in the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS). The classification and nomenclature follow MARTENS (1978) and STARĘGA (1981) with one exception – the correct spelling “Zachaeus” (after CRAWFORD, 1992) is used instead of “Zacheus”. To facilitate a future comparison of the phenological data on the Opiliones from the Eastern Rhodopes with those from other regions, for every species data is given about the body length and the number of eggs in the egg reservoir (uterus internus). For comparative purposes the following new records for the Western Rhodopes are also included here: – Opilio dinaricus Šilhavý, 1938: Western Rhodopes: in the region of Peshtera, Dobra Voda Hut, 705-884 m, B. Petrov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 5.7 mm); in the region of Trigrad, locality Trigradsko Zhdrelo, 1200 m, 16.8.1991, B. Petrov leg. – 1 †.
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Table 1 The opilionid fauna of Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria) Species and subspecies
Endemism
In Westеrn Rhodopes 1
In Eastern Rhodopes 2
Siro sp. BG, ?BE Paranemastoma radewi (Roewer, 1926) BE Paranemastoma aurigerum ryla (Roewer, 1951) BE Paranemastoma aurigerum aurigerum (Roewer, 1951) BE Mediostoma stussineri (Simon, 1885) BE Pyza bosnica (Roewer, 1919) BE Histricostoma drenskii Kratochvíl, 1958 BG, ?BE Carinostoma ornatum (Hadži, 1940) BE Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) Dicranolasma thracium Staręga, 1976 BE Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) Platybessobius singularis Roewer, 1940 BE Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 Opilio parietinus (De Geer, 1778) Opilio saxatilis C.L. Koch, 1839 Opilio ruzickai Šilhavý, 1938 Opilio dinaricus Šilhavý, 1938 Graecophalangium atticum Roewer, 1923 BE Rafalskia olympica bulgarica (Staręga, 1963) BE Rafalskia cretica (Roewer, 1923) BSE Rilaena balcanica Šilhavý, 1965 BE Rilaena cf. serbica Karaman, 1992 BE Eudasylobus beschkovi Staręga, 1976 BG, ?BE Lophopilio palpinalis (Herbst, 1799) Zachaeus crista (Brullé, 1832) BSE Zachaeus cf. anatolicus (Kulczyński, 1903) Egaenus convexus (C.L. Koch, 1835) Lacinius horridus (Panzer, 1794) Lacinius dentiger (C.L. Koch, 1848) Odiellus lendli (Kulczyński, 1909) Mitopus morio (Fabricius, 1779) Leiobunum rumelicum Šilhavý, 1965 BE
• • • • ? • • • • ? • • ? • • • • •• • • ? • •• • • • ? • • • • • •
•• • ? ? • ? • •• •• •• •• •• • •• •• • • ? ? • • •• ? • ? • •• • • •• • ? ?
Total:
28
24
18 endemics
BG = Bulgarian endemic, BE = Balkan endemic, BSE = Balkan subendemic, •• = newly recorded 1
After ROEWER (1956), KRATOCHVÍL (1958), GUÉORGUIEV & BERON (1962), ŠILHAVÝ (1965), BERON & GUÉORGUIEV (1967), STARĘGA (1963, 1976), MARTENS (1978), BERON (1994), BERON & MITOV (1996), KARAMAN (2002), MITOV (1986a, 1986b, 1988, 1995, 2002, 2003). 2 After ŠILHAVÝ (1965), STARĘGA (1976), BERON (1994), BERON & MITOV (1996), KARAMAN (2002), MITOV (1986b, 2002, 2003).
– Rilaena cf. serbica Karaman, 1992: Western Rhodopes: in the region of Velingrad, locality Ostrets, 1000 m, Quercus leaf litter, 15.6.1965, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 172). – 1 ‡ (L: 7.5 mm). Abbreviations used: inv. No. = museum inventory number; juv. = juvenes; L = body length; NMNHS = National Museum of Natural History, Sofia; subad. = subadultus.
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Among the 182 specimens of Opiliones that were examined (32 ††, 43 ‡‡, 107 juv.), 11 new species for the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (marked with an asterisk in the text) were discovered (see Table 1). The following, already recorded by ŠILHAVÝ (1965), STARĘGA (1976), KARAMAN (2002), and MITOV (1986b, 2003) species and subspecies were confirmed: Histricostoma drenskii, Paranemastoma radewi, Lacinius horridus, Opilio saxatilis, Rafalskia olympica bulgarica, Zachaeus crista, and Egaenus convexus; for the four latter species new chorological data are provided. As a result, the opilionid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes includes so far 24 species (included in 18 genera and 5 families) (see Table 1), or roughly 45% of the species currently known from Bulgaria (MITOV, 2003). The actual species list of the Rhodopes as a whole includes 33 species and subspecies (22 genera and 5 families) (ROEWER, 1956; KRATOCHV Í L, 1958; GUÉORGUIEV & BERON, 1962; ŠILHAVÝ, 1965; BERON & GUÉORGUIEV, 1967; STARĘGA, 1963, 1976; MARTENS, 1978; BERON, 1994; BERON & MITOV, 1996; KARAMAN, 2002; MITOV, 1986a, 1986b, 1988, 1995, 2002, 2003)1. Nineteen species are common for the eastern part of the Rhodopes (24 spp.) and the western part (28 spp.) of the mountain (Table 1).
List of species SIRONIDAE * Siro sp. Material: District Djebel: Kremen, near the Zlatnata Yama cave, 250 m, 23.10.2003, B. Petrov & P. Beron leg. – 1 † (L: 1.6 mm), 1 ‡ (L: 1.65 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Devesilitsa, 400 m, 4.6.1982, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 1). – 2 †† (L: 1.54-1.64 mm), 2 ‡‡ (L: 1.61-1.72 mm). NEMASTOMATIDAE Paranemastoma radewi (Roewer, 1926) Paranemastoma (Paranemastoma) radevi [sic!]: MITOV, 1986b: 298 (Madan). Material: near Madan, 780 m, near the road, under stones, 18.4.1986, P. Mitov leg. – 1 †. Mediostoma stussineri (Simon, 1885) Mediostoma stussineri: MITOV, 2002: 1640 (“Distr. Ivailovgrad, Village Siv Kladenets”)
1 MARTENS (1978, p. 139), reffering to data from materials collected by W. Staręga (“alle W. S. leg.”) mentions that Carinostoma elegans (Sørensen, 1894) was also found in the Rhodopes (“Rhodopen”), but in this case most probably a confusion with the localities of C. ornatum has occurred (see STARĘGA, 1976). Moreover, MARTENS (1978) states that C. elegans reaches in Bulgaria southwards “Stara Zagora (Zmejovo und Starozagorski bani)”, but does not mention any locality from Rhodopes, which are located even more southwards than the already mentioned ones. This is the reason for the exclusion of this species from the species list of Rhodopes, but its presence in Eastern Rhodopes is quite possible (see “Expected species”).
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Histricostoma drenskii Kratochvil, 1958 Histricostoma drenskii: STARĘGA, 1976: 320 (“Südostrhodopen: Popsko bei Krumovgrad”); MITOV 1986b: 297 (Madan). Material: near Madan, 780 m, near the road, under stones: 25.10.1985, P. Mitov leg.– 2 ††, 1 ‡; 18.4.1986, P. Mitov leg. – 1 †, 3 ‡‡. * Carinostoma ornatum (Hadži, 1940) Material: Distr. Djebel: Kremen, near the Zlatnata Yama cave, 250 m, 23.10.2003, B. Petrov & P. Beron leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 2.0 mm) (with eggs). DICRANOLASMATIDAE * Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) Material: Distr. Kardjali: Beli Plast, near the natural phenomenon “Kamennite Gabi”, 450 m, 20.5.1998, B. Petrov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 4.8 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Popsko, 700 m, 4.6.1982, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 127). – 2 ††, 1 ‡; Beli Dol, around Mechkina Dupka Cave, 200 m, Quercetum, under stones and logs, 23.4.1996, B. Bârov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 5.3 mm) (with eggs). * Dicranolasma thracium Staręga, 1976 Material: Distr. Krumovgrad: Egrek, Rupata Cave, 500 m, under stones in guano, 6.11.1999, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg. – 1 † (L: 5.0 mm); in the region of Svilengrad, Mezek, 180 m, 29.3.1986, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 355). – 1 ‡ (L: 5.3 mm). TROGULIDAE * Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: Madan, 780 m, 7.6.1982, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 150). – 2 juv. (L: 4.2 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Popsko, 700 m, 4.6.1982, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 127). – 1 ‡. * Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) Material: near Madan, 780 m, near the road, under stones, 18.4.1986, P. Mitov leg. – 2 †† (L: 7.9 mm); Distr. Zlatograd: Shumnatitsa, Naredenite kamani Cave, 500 m, 20.4.1995, B. Petrov leg. – 1 † (L: 8.1 mm); Distr. Momchilgrad: in the region of Gurgulitsa, Kroyatsi Hut, 200-300 m, under stones, 24.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 9.0 mm) (with eggs). Platybessobius singularis Roewer, 1940 Platybessobius singularis: MITOV, 2003: 275 (“District Krumovgrad: Madzharovo; between Beli Dol and Boturche”).
PHALANGIIDAE * Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 Material: Distr. Djebel: Kremen, 250 m, 23.10.2003, P. Beron, B. Petrov & S. Beshkov leg. (NMNHS). – 1 † (L: 4.0 mm); Distr. Momchilgrad: Kran, 700 m, 8 m disused gallery on the road, under stones, 9.08.2004, B. Petrov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 6.9 mm)(without eggs).
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* Opilio parietinus (De Geer, 1778) Material: Distr. Haskovo, in the region of Ardino, Dyadovtsi, loc. Dyadovskiya Kemer, 700 m, Carpinus-Pinus forest, under stones, 27.7.1999, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg. – 1 † (L: 6.2 mm); Distr. Momchilgrad: Kran, 700 m, 8 m disused gallery on the road, under stones, 9.08.2004, B. Petrov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 6.9 mm)(without eggs). Opilio saxatilis C.L. Koch, 1839 Opilio saxatilis: ŠILHAVÝ, 1965: 380 (“Östl. Rodopi”, “Kardžali, Ost. Rodopi”); STARĘGA, 1976: 402 (“Bezirk Haskovo: Garvanovo, Harmanli, Haskovski mineralni bani”, “Bezirk Kyrdžali: Dobrovolec, Ivajlovgrad, Kostino, Krumovgrad, Kukurjak, Kyrdžali, Momčilgrad, Podkova”); MITOV, 2003: 274 (“Distr. Kurdzhali: Studen Kladenets Village”). Material: Distr. Zlatograd: Fotinovo, locality Varli Dol, 300 m, 6.6.1982, P. Beron leg. – 1 juv. (L: 4.2 mm); Distr. Kardjali: near Studen Kladenets Dam, Gnyazdovo, 300 m, 19.Х.1990, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 3.7 mm) (with eggs); Distr. Djebel: Tarnovtsi, 600 m, 22.10.2003, P. Beron, B. Petrov & S. Beshkov leg. (NMNHS). – 1 ‡ (L: 5.7 mm) (with eggs); Distr. Ivaylovgrad: Madjarovo, 200 m, 30.10.1997, S. Beshkov leg. –1 † (L: 3.3 mm), 4 ‡‡ (L: 5.1-5.5 mm) (with eggs); in the region of Madjarovo, Momina Skala Hut, 160 m, 22.10.1998, S. Beshkov leg. – 2 †† (L: 3.0 mm); Kodja-Kaya Hill near Belopolyane, 320 m, under bark and Quercus leaf litter, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 2 †† (L: 3.9 mm); Odrintsi, 100 m, 24.ХI.1990, S. Beshkov leg. – 2 ††. Opilio ruzickai Šilhavý, 1938 Opilio ruzickai: STARĘGA, 1976: 406 (“Bezirk Kyrdžali: Berghütte “Beli brezi”, Kostino”). Material: Distr. Momchilgrad: Kran, 700 m, 8 m disused gallery on the road, under stones, 9.08.2004, B. Petrov leg. – 1 † (L: 5.2 mm), 1 ‡ (L: 8.3 mm)(without eggs); Distr. Krumovgrad: Ribino, 400 m, under stones, Carpinus-forest, 11-12.10.1995, P. Stoev leg. – 1 † (L: 5.1 mm); Distr. Ivaylovgrad: Madjarovo, 200 m, 30.10.1997, S. Beshkov leg. – 2 †† (L: 5.6-5.7 mm); in the region of Madjarovo, Momina Skala Hut, 160 m, 22.10.1998, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 † (L: 3.0 mm); Rafalskia olympica bulgarica Staręga, 1963 Rafalskia olympica bulgarica: KARAMAN, 2002: 67 (“Gugutka”) Material: Distr. Krumovgrad: Strazhets-Gugutka, 200-300 m, 23.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 7.9 mm); Distr. Madjarovo, Gorata Ridge, loc. Gluhite Kamani, above Dabovets, 550 m, Quercus leaf litter, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg. – 1 ‡ (young) (L: 4.5 mm) (without eggs). Note: After KARAMAN (2002) the “Balkan population of Rafalskia olympica (Kulczyński, 1903) are distinguished as separate subspecies Rafalskia olympica bulgarica Staręga, 1963 nov. stat.” Rafalskia cretica (Roewer, 1923) Rafalskia cretica: MITOV, 2003: 277 (“in the vicinity of Studen Kladenets Village and Arda River; in the range of Kroyatsi Hut”).
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* Rilaena balcanica Šilhavý, 1965 Material: Distr. Haskovo, in the region of Ardino, Dyadovtsi, loc. Dyadovskiya Kemer, 700 m, Carpinus-Pinus forest, under stones, 27.7.1999, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 2.0 mm). Eudasylobus beschkovi Staręga, 1976 Eudasylobus beschkovi: STARĘGA, 1976: 388 (“Bezirk Kyrdžali: Popsko, an der Quelle “Stanka češma”, etwa 15 km ENE von Krumovgrad”). Zachaeus crista (Brullé, 1832) Zacheus crista: STARĘGA, 1976: 375 (“Bezirk Kyrdžali: Ivajlovgrad, Kukurjak, Kyrdžali, Mamulka, Podkova, Popsko); BERON & MITOV, 1996: 20 (“Razklonenata Peshtera (Kr 7) near Oreshari”, “Peshterata pri Kodja Kad (Kr 8) near Byalopolyane”). Zachaeus crista: MITOV, 2003: 274 (“Distr. Kurdzhali: in the vicinity of Studen Kladenets Village, District Krumovgrad, between Beli Dol and Boturche”). Material: Distr. Momchilgrad: in the region of Djebel (“6 km de Djebel”), 300 m, 9.6.1982, P. Beron leg., (NMNHS: inv. No. 135). – 1 ‡ (L: 8.1 mm); Distr. Kardjali: in the region of Ardino, Dyadovtsi, loc. Dyadovskiya Kemer, 700 m, Carpinus-Pinus forest, under stones, 27.7.1999, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 10.6 mm) (with eggs); Beli Plast, 500 m, 29.4.2003, A. Gyonova leg. – 1 juv. (L: 2.6 mm); Beli Brezi Hut, 950 m, 26.5.1975. – 1 juv. (L: 5.0 mm); near the wall of Kardjali Dam, 300 m, 6-8.7.2001, I. Traykov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 9.3 mm, vermined with Gregarinia) (with eggs); railway station “Sredna Arda”, 200 m: 30.3.1991, S. Beshkov leg. – 2 juv. (L: 1.7-2.1 mm); 31.3.1992, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 2.0 mm); in the range of Studen Kladenets Dam, 200 m, sandy and stony meadow, 22.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 9 juv. (L: 2.3-2.6 mm); in the range of Studen Kladenets Dam, 200 m, near Arda River, 23.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 5 juv. (L: 2.3 mm); in the range of Studen Kladenets Dam, Nanovitsa, 300 m, 22.2.1990, S. Beshkov leg. – 7 juv. (L: 0.84 mm); in the region of Gurgulitsa, Kroyatsi Hut, 200-300 m, under stones, 24.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 9 juv. (L: 2.1-2.5 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Dolna Kula, 300 m, rocky areas, under stones, 16.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 2 juv. (L: 3.7-4.0 mm); Golyama Chinka, 400 m, 21.4.1995, B. Petrov leg. – 8 juv. (L: 1.9-2.0 mm); Avren–Strazhets, 500 m, 22.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 3 juv. (L: 1.7-2.0 mm); Strazhets–Gugutka, 200-300 m, 23.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 6 juv. (L: 2.5-4.1 mm); Distr. Ivaylovgrad: in the region of Madjarovo, 200 m, 7.7.1992, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 † (L: 10 mm); in the region of Madjarovo: Momina Skala Hut, 160 m, 21.6.1996, S. Beshkov leg. – 2 ‡‡ (L: 9.5-12.2 mm) (with eggs); loc. Momina Skala, 500 m, forest, 21.6.2003, B. Nikolov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 9.8 mm) (with eggs); Madjarovo, PZC “Eastern Rhodopes”, 200 m, 21.-22.4.2000, M. Mitov leg. – 12 juv. (L: 3.8-6.5 mm); Madjarovo, 200 m, 04.-21.5.2003, Malaise trap, O. Todorov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 7.0 mm); Belopolyane, 100 m, 3.6.1982, P. Beron leg. – 1 juv. (L: 5.2 mm); Kodja-Kaya Hill near Belopolyane, 320 m, under bark and Quercus leaf litter, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 11.3 mm); Meden Buk, 150-200 m: 26.4.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 2 juv. (L: 4.0-7.2 mm); 03.5.2003, D. Dimitrov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 2.2 mm); Dolno Lukovo, 100 m, xerothermic Quercus-forest, shrubs, under stones, 24.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 4.2 mm).
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* Zachaeus cf. anatolicus (Kulczyński, 1903) Material: Distr. Kardjali: in the range of Studen Kladenets Dam, 200 m, near Arda River, 23.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 1 juv. (L: 3.3 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Surnak, 300-400 m, 28.5.1990, Ch. Deltshev leg. – 1 juv. (L: 6.0 mm); Golyamo Kamenyane, 400500 m, 28.5.1990, Ch. Deltshev leg. – 2 juv. (L: 5.0-6.7 mm). Egaenus convexus (C.L. Koch, 1835) Egaenus convexus: STARĘGA, 1976: 410 (“Bezirk Haskovo: Kolarovo”, “Bezirk Kyrdžali: Ivajlovgrad, Popsko”); MITOV, 2003: 274 (“District Krumovgrad, between Beli Dol and Boturche”). Material: Distr. Harmanli: between Varbovo and Dolni Glavenak, 550 m, Quercetum, 9.12.2000, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & M. Langurov leg. – 3 juv. (L: 3.3 mm); Distr. Kardjali: in the range of Studen Kladenets Dam, Nanovitsa, 300 m, 22.2.1990, S. Beshkov leg. – 6 juv. (L: 2.6-4.4 mm); in the region of Gurgulitsa, Kroyatsi Hut, 200-300 m, on wall, 24.3.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 1 juv. (L: 4.4 mm); Distr. Krumovgrad: Golyamo Kamenyane, 400-500 m, 28.5.1990, Ch. Deltshev leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 9.3 mm) (with eggs); Strazhets– Gugutka, 200-300 m, 23.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 8.1 mm); Distr. Ivaylovgrad: Byal Gradets, Deymin Dere River, 200 m, 24.4.2003, Ch. Deltshev leg. – 1 ‡ (subad.) (L: 7.5 mm), 1 juv. (L: 8.2 mm); Malki Voden, 100-200 m, 4.5.2003, A. Gyonova leg. – 1 juv. (L: 6.8 mm); Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut, 150-200 m, N. Kodjabashev leg.: 22.4.1990, 1 ‡ (L: 9.2 mm), 1 juv. (L: 7.2 mm); 26.4.1990, 1 † (L: 8.5 mm), 3 ‡‡ (L: 7.7 mm) (without eggs); above Valche Pole, Sheynovets Summit, TV-FM station, 704 m, under stones, 12.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 7.7 mm); Kodja-Kaya Hill near Belopolyane, 320 m, under bark and Quercus leaf litter, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 12.5 mm); above Odrintsi, Kodja-Kaya Hill, 320 m, leaf litter, 23.4.1996, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. – 1 juv. (L: 7.3 mm); Meden Buk, 150-200 m, 26.4.1990, N. Kodjabashev leg. – 2 †† (L: 8.2 mm), 1 ‡ (L: 8.8 mm), 1 juv. (L: 6.7 mm); Dolno Lukovo, 100 m, on wall, 25.5.1990, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 ‡(L: 10.8 mm) (with eggs). Lacinius horridus (Panzer, 1794) Lacinius horridus: STARĘGA, 1976: 362 (“Ivajlovgrad, Kukurjak, Mamulka”). Material: in the region of Kardjali, Kamenartsi–Kardjali, coniferous forest near the road, under stones, 230 m, 31.5.1986, P. Mitov leg. – 2 juv. (L: 2.5 mm); Distr. Ivaylovgrad: Madjarovo, 200 m: 30.10.1997, S. Beshkov leg. – 1 † (L: 4.1 mm); 12.10.-03.11.2003, Malaise trap, O. Todorov leg. – 1 † (5.9 mm), 1 ‡ (L: 7.5 mm) (with eggs); Belopolyane, 100 m, 3.6.1982, P. Beron leg. – 1 juv. (L: 4.1 mm); Kodja-Kaya Hill near Belopolyane, 320 m, under bark and Quercus leaf litter, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 1 juv. (L: 4.7 mm); * Lacinius dentiger (C.L. Koch, 1848) Material: Distr. Ivaylovgrad: in the region of Madjarovo, Momina Skala Hut, 160 m, S. Beshkov leg.: 7.7.1992 – 1 juv.; 22.IХ.1994 – 2 ‡‡ (L: 4.3-6.0 mm); Madjarovo, PZC “Eastern Rhodopes”, 200 m, 21.-22.4.2000, M. Mitov leg. – 2 juv. (L: 1.6-2.2 mm); Madjarovo, 200 m, 12.10.-03.11.2003, Malaise trap, O. Todorov leg. – 1 ‡ (L: 7.5 mm) (with eggs); Distr. Madjarovo, Gorata Ridge, loc. Gluhite Kamani, above Dabovets, 550 m, Quercus leaf litter, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg. – 1 juv. (L: 2.1 mm); (Kodja-Kaya Hill
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near Belopolyane, 320 m, under bark and Quercus leaf litter, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Bârov leg. – 2 juv. (L: 4.5 mm). Odiellus lendli (Kulczyński, 1909) Odiellus bieniaszi: STARĘGA, 1976: 359 (“Harmanli”, “Kyrdžali”) (see MARTENS (1978) for synonymy)
Conclusion notes Due to the orographic and climatic peculiarities of the Eastern Rhodopes, in its opilionid fauna there is a marked presence of thermophilous/mesophilous, mesohygrophilous, and mesoombrophylous species. Some xerophilous, ombrophilous, hygrophilous, and psychrophilous, as well as some frigostable species of mountainous origin are rather underrepresented. Part of these species are eurytopic and more or less ecologically tolerant. Zoogeographical characterization On the basis of the distribution of the Opiliones in Bulgaria, STARĘGA (1976) separates the Eastern Rhodopes as a distinct zoogeographical region, whereas according to GUÉORGUIEV (1992) this area should be included into the so-called Thracian region. GRUEV (1988) represents the opinion (however, without explicit consideration of any data on Opiliones in Bulgaria) that the Eastern Rhodopes pertain to the South Bulgarian biogeographical region as a distinct subregion. As for the current state of knowledge, the Eastern Rhodopes (based on the harvestmen fauna) are indeed a distinct zoogeographical entity (e. g. only here the species Mediostoma stussineri and Platybessobius singularis occur). The further affinities and relationships of this region with the surrounding areas still remain to be investigated. Based on data about the total horizontal and vertical distribution of the harvestmen and the ecological types and phenology, it becomes clear that the opilionid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is formed predominantly of species that have spread postglacially from the great Mediterranean refuge, showing various degree of expansiveness (i. e. species that may be characterized as ponto-mediterranean faunistic elements (sensu DE LATTIN, 1949, 1967). Only Phalangium opilio, Opilio parietinus and Mitopus morio may be characterized as holomediterranean faunistic element (expansive type), Caspian faunistic element (expansive type) and Siberian faunistic element (expansive type), respectively (sensu DE LATTIN, 1949, 1967).
Endemism Twelve of the species and subspecies that occur in the Eastern Rhodopes are endemic: Siro sp., Histricostoma drenskii, and Eudasylobus beschkovi are Bulgarian (eventually Balkan) endemics; Paranemastoma radewi, Mediostoma stussineri, Carinostoma ornatum, Dicranolasma thracium, Platybessobius singularis, Rafalskia olympica bulgarica and Rilaena balcanica are Balkan endemics; the following two species are Balkan subendemics: Rafalskia cretica (occurs
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also in Asia Minor), and Zachaeus cf. anatolicus [occurs also in Asia Minor, Cis-Caucasus, Crimea, West Siberia (Tobolsk); according to STARĘGA (1976) and CHEVRIZOV (1979) the latter locality is doubtful]. The still undescribed representative of the primitive, very small, and extremely localized in its occurrence genus Siro Latreille, 1796 is currently considered as an Eastern Rhodopes relict. From the above it may be easily perceived that currently the endemism in the opilionid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is relatively high – one half of the species that occur in the region are endemics. In the Western Rhodopes about 46% of the harvestmen species are endemics, while in the whole Rhodopes massif about 55% of the species occur only there. For example it may be noted that another area in Bulgaria with a significant Mediterranean influence (but a much smaller area) - the Kresna Gorge - has a percentage of endemic harvestmen species of about 38% (MITOV, 2001). Expected species STARĘGA (1976) mentions only 8 species from the Eastern Rhodopes. Additionally, without any comments, he has put into his table (in the column “E. Rhodopi” (STARĘGA, 1976, p. 418)) another 7 species and subspecies: Paranemastoma aurigerum aurigerum, Carinostoma ornatum, Dicranolasma scabrum, Phalangium opilio, Rafalskia olympica bulgarica (sub Rafalskia olympica), Lacinius dentiger and Leiobunum rumelicum. It may be suggested that the author has expected these additional species to occur in this mountain. In the present work four of these species are actually recorded from the Eastern Rhodopes (Carinostoma ornatum, Dicranolasma scabrum, Phalangium opilio, and Lacinius dentiger) as new for the region. Besides the remaining species and subspecies expected by STARĘGA (1976) to be found in the area of the Eastern Rhodopes, another 5 thermophilous harvestmen species may be expected to occur in the investigated region. These are: Mitostoma gracile (Redikorzev, 1936) and Carinostoma elegans (Sørensen, 1894), occurring in moist, shady, but relatively warm habitats; Opilio dinaricus Šilhavý, 1938 - species which prefer fresh to moist, shady (deciduous) forest habitats in the lower mountain zone; Metaplatybunus grandissimus (C.L. Koch, 1839) and Leiobunum albigenum Sørensen, 19112, preferring warm, open, shrubby habitats. Conservation status In a similar context (protection of the biodiversity of the Eastern Rhodopes, in the framework of the Bulgarian-Swiss Programme for biodiversity protection) only BERON (1997) provided information about Opiliones from this area (E of Varbitsa River), giving data already known from the literature (STARĘGA, 1976). Until now no harvestmen species have been protected by law, but in this respect endemic and rare species of the Bulgarian fauna such as Mediostoma stussineri, Dicranolasma thracium, Platybessobius singularis, Rafalskia cretica are of significant interest. These species occur only in a very limited number of localities which mark the northern distribution range of these opilionid species. 2
According to STARĘGA(1973) Leiobunum albigenum Sørensen, 1911 should be synonymized with Leiobunum seriatum Simon, 1878.
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The newly discovered and still undescribed species of the genus Siro should also be placed in this group, since the representatives of this ancient and still poorly known genus are known from very few localities throughout Bulgaria. The populations of these animals are highly isolated, with a very low density and it seems that they have evolved to utilize rarely occurring complexes of specific (micro-)habitat conditions. These biological traits contribute to the relatively high vulnerability of the aforementioned harvestmen species, making any conservation effort directed towards both the species and their habitats, highly reasonable. The endemic species Paranemastoma radewi, Mediostoma stussineri, Histricostoma drenskii, always inhabit very humid environments and they are much less viable in comparison to the rest, properties which will eventually lead to a considerable decrease in their population densities, or even extinction, in case of a drastic environmental disturbance caused by a high reduction of humidity, for example. The uncontrolled deforestation, firing, changes in the landscape terrain and the riverbeds, the contamination with heavy metals are some of the most influential factors in this respect. The remaining species in the area are common and they are not endangered.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank my colleagues Dr. P. Beron, Dr. S. Beshkov, Dr. V. Beshkov, MSc B. Bârov, Dr. Ch. Deltshev, Dr. D. Dimitrov, MSc K. Djambazov, Dr. A. Gyonova, Dr. T. Ivanova, MSc N. Kodjabashev, MSc M. Mitov, MSc B. Nikolov, MSc B. Petrov, MSc O. Todorov, MSc I. Traykov, MSc D. Vassilev for the kindly provided opilionid material.
References BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. - Tranteeva, Sofia, 1: 137 pp. BERON P. 1997. Information for some invertebrate groups from Eastern Rhodopes Mt. (east from Vurbitsa River). - In: Conservation of the biological diversity of Eastern Rhodopes Mt., Bulgarian-Switzerland programme for conservation of the biological diversity, 2: 193-197. (In Bulgarian). BERON P., GUÉORGUIEV V. 1967. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. II. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques de 1961 à 1965. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 24: 151-212. BERON P., MITOV P. 1996. Cave Opilionida in Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg, 6: 17-23. CHEVRIZOV B. P. 1979. A brief key of the harvest-spiders (Opiliones) in the European territory of the USSR. - Trudy Zool. inst., Leningrad, 85: 4-28. (In Russian). CRAWFORD R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). - Burke Mus. Contrib. Anthropol. Natur. Hist., 8: 1-60. DE LATTIN G. 1949. Beiträge zur Zoogeographie des Mittelmeergebietes. - Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges., Kiel (1948), Leipzig, Supl., 13: 143-151. DE LATTIN G. 1967. Grundriss der Zoogeographie. Jena. 602 pp. EMELYANOV A. F. 1974. Proposals on classification and nomenclature of areals (Predlozheniya po klasifikatsii i nomenclature arealov). - Entomol. Obozr., 53 (3): 497-522. (In Russian). GEORGIEV M. 1985. Physical Geography of Bulgaria. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 408 pp. (In Bulgarian). GEORGIEV M. 1991. Physical Geography of Bulgaria. University Press “St. Kl. Ochridski”, Sofia, 406 pp. (In Bulgarian). GRUEV B. 1988. General Biogeography. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 396 pp. (In Bulgarian).
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GUÉORGUIEV V. 1992. Caractéristique zoogéographique de l’ordre Opilionida (Arachnida) en Bulgarie. Acta Zool. Bulg., 43: 53-60. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). GUÉORGUIEV V., BERON P. 1962. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. - Ann. Spéléol, 17 (2-3): 285-356, 357-441. GULUBOV Zh., IVANOV Il., PENCHEV P., MISHEV K., NEDELCHEVA V. 1956. Physical Geography of Bulgaria. Narodna Prosveta, Sofia, 346 pp. (In Bulgarian). KARAMAN I. 2002. A contribution to the knowledge of the species Rafalskia olympica (Kulczyński, 1903) (Opiliones, Phalangiidae, Phalangiinae). – Arachnol. Mitt. 24: 62-71. KRATOCHVÍL J. 1958. Die Höhlenweberknechte Bulgariens (Palpatores - Nemastomatidae). - Práce Brnen. Zákl. ČSAV, 30 (12), No. 379: 523-576. MARTENS J. 1978. Spinnentiere, Arachnida: Weberknechte, Opiliones. - In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 64. Teil, G. Fischer, Jena, 464 pp. MITOV P. 1986a. Rilaena balcanica Šilhavý (Opiliones) - new species for the fauna of the Rodopa Mt. - Trav. sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 24 (1): 153-154. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). MITOV P. 1986b. On some species of the family Nemastomatidae (Opiliones) from the Rodopa Mt. - Trav. sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 24 (1): 297-299. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). MITOV P. 1988. Contribution to the study of the food spectrum of Opiliones. - Trav. sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 26 (6): 483-488. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). MITOV P. 1995. Opiliones (Arachnida) as a component of the food stuffs of some animals. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Livre 1, Zoologie, 86/87: 67-74. MITOV P. 2001. Harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Inst. zool., 75-83. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). MITOV P. G. 2002. Rare and endemic harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) species from the Balkan Peninsula. I. On Mediostoma stussineri (Simon 1885) (Nemastomatidae) – a new species and genus for the Bulgarian fauna. - Linzer biol. Beitr., 34 (2): 1639-1648. MITOV P. G. 2003. Rare and endemic harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) species from the Balkan Peninsula. II. Three new for the Bulgarian fauna Opiliones (Arachnida) with zoogeographical notes. - Linzer biol. Beitr., 35 (1): 273-288. ROEWER C.-Fr. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). - Senckenberg. biol., 37: 247-318. ŠILHAVÝ V. 1965. Die Weberknechte der Unterordnung Eupnoi aus Bulgarien; zugleich eine Revision europäischer Gattungen der Unterfamilien Oligolophinae und Phalangiinae (Arachnoidea, Opilionidea). Ergebnisse der zoologischen Expedition der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften nach Bulgarien im Jahre 1957 (Teil V.). - Acta entom. bohemosl., 62: 369-406. STARĘGA W. 1963. Ein neuer Weberknecht, Paropilio (Rafalskia) bulgaricus subgen. n., sp. n. (Opiliones). - Bull. Acad. pol. Sci., Cl. II, Varsovie, 11: 289-292, 6 ff. STARĘGA W. 1973. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Weberknechte (Opiliones) des Nahen Ostens. - Ann. Zool. Warszawa, 30 (6): 129-153. STARĘGA W. 1976. Die Weberknechte (Opiliones, excl. Sironidae) Bulgariens. - Ann. Zool. Warszawa, 33 (18): 287-433. STARĘGA W. 1981. Über Platybunus strigosus (L. Koch, 1867), nebst Bemerkungen über andere Arten der Platybuninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). - B. Acad. Pol. Sci.- Biolog., 28 (8-9) (1980): 521-525.
Author’s address: Plamen Mitov Department of Zoology and Anthropology Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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Сенокосците (Arachnida: Opiliones) на Източните Родопи (България) Пламен МИТОВ (Р е з ю м е) Източните Родопи като част от територията на Южнобългарския биогеографски район – важна рефугия, способствала за оцеляването на топлолюбива флора и фауна през плейстоцена, представляват изключителен интерес за фаунистите и зоогеографите. Установяването на видовия състав и разпространението на Opiliones - древна и подходяща за зоогеографски изследвания група, ще допринесе за по-пълното характеризиране на този сравнително слабо проучен у нас район. В резултат на настоящото проучване се установи, че опилионидната фауна на Източните Родопи е представена от 24 вида (от 18 рода и 5 семейства) или приблизително 45 % от общия видов състав на публикуваните за България Opiliones. Единадесет от тях са нови за изследвания район: Siro sp., Carinostoma ornatum, Dicranolasma scabrum, Dicranolasma thracium, Trogulus tricarinatus, Trogulus nepaeformis, Phalangium opilio, Opilio parietinus, Rafalskia olympica, Rilaena balcanica, Zachaeus cf. anatolicus, Lacinius dentiger. За Източните Родопи могат да се очакват още 7 вида и подвида опилиони, предпочитащи по-високите температури. Като цяло фауната на Родопите включва 33 вида и подвида (от 22 рода и 5 семейства); 19 вида са общи за фауните на Източните (с по 24 вида) и Западните Родопи (с по 28 вида). Опилионидната фауна на Източните Родопи се характеризира с това, че 50% от видовете са ендемити: три са български (евентуални балкански) (Siro sp., Histricostoma drenskii и Eudasylobus beschkovi), седем са балкански (Paranemastoma radewi, Mediostoma stussineri, Carinostoma ornatum, Dicranolasma thracium, Platybessobius singularis, Rafalskia olympica bulgarica и Rilaena balcanica), а два са субендемити на Балканския пв (Rafalskia cretica и Zachaeus cf. anatolicus). Сред тях неописаният още представител на примитивните, древни и слабо подвижни Siro се явява реликт за Източните Родопи. Опилионидната фауна на Източните Родопи е формирана главно от видове, разпространили се постглациално от рамките на големия Медитерански рефугий. Те имат различна степен на експанзивност и могат да бъдат отнесени към групата на понтомедитеранския фаунистичен елемент (по DE LATTIN 1949, 1967). Изключение прави Phalangium opilio, който може да бъде отнесен към холомедитеранския, Opilio parietinus към каспийския и Mitopus morio към сибирския фаунистичен елемент от експанзивен тип (по DE LATTIN, 1949, 1967). Сред опилионите на Източните Родопи за сега няма защитени със закон видове. Но сред тях интерес в това отношение представляват ендемичните и редките за българската фауна видове като Siro sp., Mediostoma stussineri, Dicranolasma thracium, Platybessobius singularis, Rafalskia cretica. Тези видове се срещат само в малък брой находища; популациите им са изолирани, малобройни, с малка численост и всичко това прави посочените опилиони изключително уязвими. Това налага да се обърне специално внимание на защитата и опазването както на самите опилиони, така и на техните хабитати. Ендемичните видове Paranemastoma radewi, Mediostoma stussineri, Histricostoma drenskii, задължително живеят при висока влажност, характеризират се със слаба вагилност и всяка драстична промяна в средата, водеща до рязкото намаляване на влажността, ще причини редуцирането на популациите им и тяхното изчезване. Безразборната сеч, обезлесяването, опожаряванията, промяната на терена и коритата на реките, замърсяването с тежки метали, са едни от най-вероятните фактори за това. Останалите видове в района са обикновени и незастрашени.
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Araneae
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Spiders (Araneae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Christo DELTSHEV, Stoyan LAZAROV, Gergin BLAGOEV
Deltshev C., Lazarov S., Blagoev G. 2004. Spiders (Araneae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 181–198. Abstract. A total of 281 species from 35 families have been found in the Eastern Rhodopes. Eight species are new for the Bulgarian spider fauna and Harpactea babori is new for Greece as well. Araeoncus tauricus, Zelotes solstitialis and Xysticus tenebrosus are discussed from a taxonomic point of view and some new pictures are presented. The spiders are classified into 29 zoogeographical categories, combined in four chorological complexes. The composition of the Eastern Rhodopes spider fauna shows a Palearctic and European character. Endemics and Southeasteuropean species emphasize the local character of this fauna, but its low percentage (2.5%) suggests an important process of colonization. Key words: Spiders, faunistic, zoogeography, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece.
Introduction The first reports about the spider fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes came from DRENSKY (1913, 1928) and JURINITCH & DRENSKY (1917). This information was summarized later by DRENSKY (1936), who reported 54 species. New data can be found in the papers of DELTSHEV (1970, 1973, 1974, 1982, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996), DELTSHEV & BLAGOEV (1995), FLANCZEWSKA (1981), DIMITROV (1993), BERON (1994). The aim of this study is to present an analysis of the diversity of the spider fauna in the Eastern Rhodopes. This review is a critical incorporation of all the available literature data and records unpublished due to sporadic research in the last 20 years.
Study area and materials From a faunistic point of view the Eastern Rhodopes are not well studied. The established data came mainly from the regions of the towns Haskovo, Kardjali, Harmanli, Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad (Bulgarian part), Alexandroúpoli, Soufli, Dimotika, Maronia (Greek part). The main part of the present material was collected during the last 12 years (1990–2002).
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The spiders have been collected mainly by hand, under stones, by sweeping and sewing. The taxonomic arrangements follow PLATNICK (2003). The figures are drawn by C. Deltshev (1–11) and S. Lazarov (12–14). The material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology (Sofia). The full names of 26 collectors and their abbreviations sorted in alphabetical order are as follows: A. Stoyanova (A.S.), Boyan Petrov (B.P.), Christo Deltshev (C.D.), Dimitar Vasilev (D.V.), Georgi Tsonev, (G.T.), Mario Langourov (M.L.), Milcho Todorov (M.T.), Pavel Stoev (P.S.), Petar Beron (P.B.), Petar Tenchev (P.T.), Stoyan Beshkov (S.B.), Teodora Ivanova (T.I.), Vladimir Pomakov (V.P.) (Table 1). Table 1 List of the localities where spiders have been collected in the Eastern Rhodopes N Locality
Altitude
Date
Method
1 Arda River, nr. Madjarovo, BG
160
7–19.4.2001
2 Artificial Gallery, Arda River, nr. Madjarovo, BG 3 Artificial Gallery, Momina Skala Hut, nr. Madjarovo, BG 4 Bashtevo, nr. Kardjali, BG
160–170
13.5.1996
Malaise trap H. Eturska and M. Langourov Hand coll. B. Petrov
200–220 630–640
12.5.1996 5.8.1999
Hand coll. Hand coll.
5 Beli Brezi Hut, nr. Kardjali, BG 6 Buzluk–Ini, nr. Tatul, Momchilgrad, BG 7 Byala Reka River, nr. Meden Buk, Ivaylovgrad, BG 8 Chernichino, nr. Madjarovo, BG 9 Chiflik, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 10 Dishlik Dere, nr. Oreshari, Krumovgrad, BG 11 Dolna Kula, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 12 Dolno Lukovo, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 13 Domiste, nr. Zlatograd, BG 14 Dupkata Cave, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 15 Egrek, nr. Krumovgrad, BG
900 320–330
26.5.1975 28.5.1975
Hand coll. Hand coll.
220–230 600 350–360 250
5.8.1996 6.6.2002 18.4.1977 10.12.2000
Hand Hand Hand Hand
coll. coll. coll. coll.
260–270 150–170 370–380 120–130 500
16.4.1998 24.4.1999 16.4.1977 23.4.1996 7.11.1999
Hand Hand Hand Hand Hand
coll. coll. coll. coll. coll.
550–550
11.12.2000
Hand coll.
330–340 340–350
27.4.2002 10.4.2002
Hand coll. Hand coll.
180–190 600
18.4.1977 12.12.2000
Hand coll. Hand coll.
350–360 310–320 320–330 280
17.5.1996 6.5.1990 27.4.1996 10.12.2000
Hand Hand Hand Hand
110–120
1.6.1999
Hand coll.
16 Egrek, nr. Rupata Cave, Krumovgrad, BG 17 Gyurgen Dere, nr. Madjarovo, BG 18 Gluhite Kamani, nr. Dabovets, Madjarovo, BG 19 Gugutka, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 20 Gyaurhambar Cave, nr. Ridino, BG
21 Inicler Mine, nr. Stremtsi, Kardjali, BG 22 Kamenyane, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 23 Karaguk Cave, nr. Momchilgrad, BG 24 Karangin Cave, Oreshari, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 25 Kodja–Kaya Hill, nr. Belopolyane, Ivaylovgrad, BG
coll. coll. coll. coll.
Legator or publication
B. Petrov B. Petrov and S. Beshkov C. Deltshev C. Deltshev B. Petrov B. Petrov C. Deltshev B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M.Langourov B. Petrov and B. Berov B. Petrov C. Deltshev B. Petrov and P. Stoev B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and D. Vassilev B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov B. Petrov B. Petrov and T. Ivanova C. Deltshev B. Petrov, Djebel, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov B. Petrov and P. Stoev C. Deltshev B. Petrov and P. Stoev B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov B. Petrov and B. Berov
Araneae
183
N Locality
Altitude
Date
Method
Legator or publication
26 Kodja–Kaya Cave, nr. Belopolyane, Ivaylovgrad, BG 27 Kran, nr. Krumovgrad, BG
100–110
23.4.1996
Hand coll.
B. Petrov and P. Stoev
700
11.12.2000
Hand coll.
28 Kremen, nr. Momchilgrad, BG
450–500
7.11.1999
Hand coll.
29 Krumovgrad, BG 30 Lebed, nr. Djebel, BG
210–220 750
17.4.1977 12.12.2000
Hand coll. Hand coll.
31 Lyubimets, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 32 Madjarovo, BG 33 Mecha Dupka Cave, nr. Beli dol, Krumovgrad, BG 34 Mechkovets Ridge, BG 35 Meden Buk, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 36 Mezek, nr. Svilengrad, BG 37 Mezek, nr. Svilengrad, BG 38 Mine Gallery, nr. Lozen and Cherna Mogila, Lyubimets, BG 39 Madrets, nr. Kardjali, BG 40 nr. Haskovo, BG 41 nr. Krumovgrad, BG
50–60 300–320 230–240
18.4.1977 20.6.1999 22.4.1996
Hand coll. Hand coll. Hand coll.
B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and D. Vassilev C. Deltshev B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov C. Deltshev P. Tenchev B. Petrov and P. Stoev
750–800 230–240 160–170 160–170 170–180
20.2.1988 6.6.2002 12.4.1998 26.4.2002 4.11.1999
Hand Hand Hand Hand Hand
180–190 180–190 750
10.10.1995 7.6.1992 11.12.2000
42 Oreshari, nr. Arda River, BG 43 Plevun, nr. Madjarovo, BG 44 Prilepnata Pestera Cave, Gaberovo, nr. Madjarovo, BG 45 Ribino, nr. Krumovgrad, BG
330–340 340–350 340–360
17.4.1977 7–17.6.2001 9.12.2000
600
12.12.2000
46 Rupata Cave, nr. Egrek, Krumovgrad, BG
550
11.12.2000
47 Studen Kladenets Dam, nr. Kardjali, BG 275 48 Sarnak, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 260–270 49 Svirachi, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 230–240 50 Uzundjovo (B Tepe), BG 170–180 51 Uzundjovo DKT, BG 170–180 52 Uzundjovo, BG 170–180 53 Vodnata Cave, nr. Nedelino, BG 700
8.6.1978 3.5.1990 June 1977 10.5.1988 5.10.1988 12.6.1988 12.12.2000
54 Vulchepole, Sheynovets Peak, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 55 Varbovo – Dolni Glavanak, BG
400–450
12.4.1998
D. Deltshev B. Petrov B. Petrov and B. Berov B. Petrov B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and D. Vassilev Hand coll. P. Stoev and B. Petrov Hand coll. M. Todorov Hand coll. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov Hand coll. C. Deltshev Malaise trap A. Stoyanova Hand coll. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov Hand coll. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov Hand coll. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov Hand coll. V. Pomakov Hand coll. C. Deltshev Hand coll. C. Deltshev Hand coll. D. Deltshev Hand coll. D. Deltshev Hand coll. D. Deltshev Hand coll. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov Hand coll. B. Petrov and B. Berov
550
9.12.2000
Hand coll.
200–220
11.4.2002
Hand coll.
320–330
27.4.1996
Hand coll.
B. Petrov, S. Beshkov and M. Langourov B. Petrov and T. Ivanova B. Petrov and P. Stoev
520–530 305–310 100–105 460–465 100–105
16.4.1977 26.9.1995 25.9.1995 28.9.1995 26.9.1995
Hand Pitfall Pitfall Hand Hand
C. Deltshev G. Tsonev G. Tsonev G. Tsonev G. Tsonev
56 Zandana Cave, nr. Dolno Cherkoviste, Haskovo, BG 57 Zlatnata Yama Cave, nr. Momchilgrad, BG 58 Zlatograd, BG 59 Pokrovan, BG 60 Dam, nr. Ivaylovgrad, BG 61 Gorni Yurutsi, BG 62 Ivaylovgrad, BG
coll. coll. coll. coll. coll.
coll. traps traps coll. coll.
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N Locality
Altitude
Date
Method
Legator or publication
63 Boynik, Valchi Dol, nr. Krumovgrad, BG 64 nr. Haskovo, BG 65 Spahievo, nr. Haskovo, BG 66 nr. Haskovo, BG 67 nr. Haskovo, BG
450–500
16–23.7.1996
Pitfall traps
G. Tsonev
250–350 340–360 250–350 250–350
June 1910 May 1909 May 1910 May 1909
Hand Hand Hand Hand
68 Haskovski Bani, BG
400–450
May 1909
Hand coll.
69 Spahievo, nr. Haskovo, BG
340–360
May 1900
Hand coll.
70 Kamenartsi, nr. Haskovo, BG
410–430
May 1900
Hand coll.
71 Dadia, Distr. Soufli, GR
200
28.9.2000
Hand coll.
72 Leptokaria, Distr. Alexandroúpoli, GR 740–950
27.9.2000
Hand coll.
73 Komotiní, GR
27–30
Hand coll.
74 Makri, GR
0
Hand coll.
P. Drensky
75 Alexandroúpoli, GR
0
Hand coll.
P. Drensky
76 Badoma, nr. Alexandroúpoli, GR
0
Hand coll.
P. Drensky
77 Soufli, GR
14–20
Hand coll.
P. Drensky
78 Dimotika, GR
20–25
Hand coll.
P. Drensky
79 Cave of Maronía, GR
450–500
March– August 1914; May–July 1919 March– August 1914; May–July 1919 March– August 1914; May–July 1919 April– August 1914; May–July 1919 April– August 1914; May–July 1919 March– August 1914; May–July 1919 1.7.1987
DRENSKY, 1913 DRENSKY, 1913 DRENSKY, 1913 DRENSKY, 1915; JURINITCH & DRENSKY, 1917 JURINITCH & DRENSKY, 1917 JURINITCH & DRENSKY, 1917 JURINITCH & DRENSKY, 1917 B. Petrov, P. Stoev and S. Beshkov B. Petrov, P. Stoev and S. Beshkov P. Drensky
Hand coll.
P. Beron
coll. coll. coll. coll.
Results and discussion Species composition The study comprises 281 species from 35 families: Atypidae – 1, Nemesiidae – 2, Scytodidae – 1, Pholcidae – 2, Segestriidae – 1, Dysderidae – 6, Mimetidae – 1, Eresidae – 1, Oecobiidae – 1, Uloboridae – 1, Nesticidae –1, Theridiidae – 29, Linyphiidae – 28, Tetragnathidae – 7, Araneidae – 26, Lycosidae – 38, Pisauridae – 1, Oxyopidae – 2, Agelenidae – 10, Hahniidae – 1, Dictynidae – 6, Amaurobiidae – 5, Titanoecidae – 1, Miturgidae – 5, Anyphaenidae – 2, Liocranidae – 5, Clubionidae – 6, Corinnidae – 1, Zodariidae – 3, Gnaphosidae – 20, Zoridae – 2, Sparassidae – 2, Philodromidae – 10, Thomisidae – 24, Salticidae – 29 (Table 2).
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Table2 Species composition and distribution of the spiders in the Eastern Rhodopes Taxa
Locality (sex)
ATYPIDAE Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776)
59 (3 %%)
ETU
73 62 (2 %%)
SEU BALK
11 (1 &), 32 (1&), 35 (1 &), 50 (1 &), 51 (1 &), 52 (1 &), 63 (4 %%), 68, 71 (1 %), 76
HOL
34 (2 %%, 1 &), 78 73
MED HOL
74
PAL
67 73 32 (2 %%, 1 &, 2 juv.), 36 (1 &), 39 (1 %), 63 (1 %) 4 (1 %, 2 juv.), 8 (1 %, 1 &, 4 juv.), 35 (1 %, 1 &, 1 juv.), 39 (1 %, 4 juv.), 41 (2 %%, 2 juv.), 52 (1 %, 1 &), 54 (1 %), 61 (2 &&, 4 juv.), 63 (32 %%, 20 &&), 72 (1 %, 4 juv.) 22 (1 &), 40 (1 &) 73, 75
COS EUR EEU SET
58 (1 &)
SCO
63 (1 %), 74, 76
PAL
32 (1 juv.)
MED
73
PAL
3 (2 &&), 7 (1 %, 2 &&), 20 (1 &), 33 (1 &), 38 (1 &), 46 (1 %, 3 juv.)
HOL
48 (1 %), 73 7 (1 %) 34 (1 %), 67 30 (1 %), 61 (1 &) 71 (2 &&) 32 (2 &&), 50 (1 &), 52 (1 %, 1 &)
PAL MCA PAL PAL MED HOL
NEMESIIDAE Nemesia caementaria (Latreille, 1799) * Nemesia pannonica coheni Fuhn & Polenec, 1967 SCYTODIDAE Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802) PHOLCIDAE * Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781) SEGESTRIIDAE Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) DYSDERIDAE Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch, 1838 Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802) * Dysdera longirostris Doblika, 1853 ** Harpactea babori (Nosek, 1905)
* Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli, 1763) Harpactea lepida (C. L. Koch, 1838) MIMETIDAE * Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802) ERESIDAE * Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) OECOBIIDAE * Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809) ULOBORIDAE Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 NESTICIDAE * Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)
* * * * * *
THERIDIIDAE Achaearanea lunata (Clerck, 1757) Anelosimus aulicus (C. L. Koch, 1838) Anelosimus vittatus (C. L. Koch, 1836) Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834) Crustulina scabripes Simon, 1881 Crustulina sticta (O. P.–Cambridge, 1861)
Chorotype
EUR EUR
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C. DELTSHEV, S. LAZAROV, G. BLAGOEV
Taxa * Enoplognatha afrodite Hippa & Oksala, 1983 Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) * Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833) Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) * Euryopis episinoides (Walckenaer, 1847) * Euryopis quinqueguttata Thorell, 1875 * Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836) * Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) * Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) * Steatoda meridionalis (Kulczyński, 1894) * Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805) * Steatoda phalerata (Panzer, 1801) * Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) Theridion adrianopoli Drensky, 1915 ** Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904 * Theridion impressum L. Koch, 1881 Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831 * Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 * Theridion refugum Drensky, 1929 Theridion sisyphium (Clerck, 1757) * Theridion tinctum (Walckenaer, 1802) * Theridion varians Hahn, 1833 LINYPHIIDAE * Acartauchenius scurrilis (O. P.–Cambridge, 1872) ** Araeoncus tauricus Gnelitsa, In press ** Caviphantes dobrogicus (Dumitrescu & Miller, 1962) * Centromerus lakatnikensis (Drensky, 1931) Centromerus milleri Deltshev, 1974
* * * * * *
Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall, 1834) Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834) Frontinellina frutetorum (C. L. Koch, 1834) Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 18) Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) Mansuphantes mansuetus (Thorell, 1875) Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall, 1830) Meioneta rurestris (C. L. Koch, 1836) Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830) Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)
* * * * * *
Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851) Neriene furtiva (O. P.–Cambridge, 1871) Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850) Palliduphantes istrianus (Kulczyński, 1914) Pelecopsis elongata (Wider, 1834) Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851) Prinerigone vagans (Audouin, 1826)
Locality (sex)
Chorotype
52 (2 &&) 68, 73, 78 7 (1 %), 34 (1 &), 75, 78 62 (2 %%) 32 (1 %) 9 (1 %) 7 (2 &&, 1 juv.), 69, 73, 75 74, 75, 76 52 (2 %%, 3 &&), 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 52 (1 %) 52 (1 &), 65, 74, 76 7 (1 &), 29 (1 %, 1 juv.), 34 (1 &), 47 (1 &), 69, 73, 74, 75 51 (2 %%, 2 &&), 52 (2 &&), 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 78 11 (1 %) 52 (1 %, 1 &), 58 (1 &, 4 juv.), 73, 75, 77 73, 75, 77 52 (1 &), 58 (1 &, 2 juv.) 32 (1 &) 73, 75, 78 48 (1 &) 1 (1 &), 73
SEU HOL HOL EUR MCA ETU HOL COS HOL PAL EET EMC PAL
61 (1 &)
PAL
63 (1 %, 5 &&) 25 (1 &)
NEM SCA
12 (1 &), 26 (1 &), 30 (1 %) 14 (1 &), 23 (2 &&), 26 (2 &&), 33 (2 &&), 44 (1 %), 56 (4 %%, 17 &&), 79 (2 %%, 3 &&) 58 (1 &), 73 75, 78 7 (1 %%), 50 (2 &&), 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78 24 (1 %, 2 &&, 4 juv.), 27 (4 &&), 53 (1 &), 73 1 (1 %), 34 (1 &) 63 (1 &) 47 (1 %) 1 (1 &), 4 (1 &), 9 (1 &), 34 (1 &), 52 (1 &) 1 (1 &), 50 (1 &), 73, 75 15 (1 %, 3 &&, 2 juv.), 22 (1 %, 4 &&), 41 (1 &), 55 (1 %, 1 &, 4 juv.), 72 (1 &) 28 (1 %, 1 &) 31 (1 &), 49 (1 &) 9 (1 %) 3 (1 %), 38 (1 %), 46 (1 %), 63 (1 %) 30 (1 &), 63 (2 %%, 5 &&) 5 (1 &), 6 (4 &&), 20 (1 %, 4 &&, 1 juv.), 21 (4 &&), 53 (2 &&) 1 (1 %), 77
BALK BALK
COS BALK EUR HOL HOL PAL MEE PAL HOL HOL
PAL HOL PAL HOL PAL PAL HOL PAL HOL HOL PAL WPA PAL EEU EUR PAL OLW
Araneae
* * * * * *
187
Taxa
Locality (sex)
Sintula retroversus (O. P.–Cambridge, 1875) Tallusia experta (O. P.–Cambridge, 1871) Tenuiphantes floriana (van Helsdingen, 1977) Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852) Tenuiphantes zimmermanni (Bertkau, 1890) Trichoncus affinis Kulczyński, 1894
45 (1 &), 51 (1 %) 51 (1 &) 15 (1 &), 16 (1 &, 2 juv.), 19 (2 &&) 15 (1 &) 63 (1 &) 7 (1 %, 1 juv.)
EUR PAL BKAR WPA EUR PAL
20 (1 &, 1 juv.), 53 (2 juv.) 73 2 (1 %, 1 &), 3 (1 %, 2 &&), 23 (1 &), 27 (1 %, 4 juv.), 38 (1 &) 1 (1 %), 73 34 (2 %%), 68, 73, 76 7 (1 %), 52 (1 &) 34 (2 %%)
EUS EUR
73 9 (1 &), 34 (1 &), 42 (1 &), 48 (1 %), 75 58 (1 &) 67, 73, 75, 78 15 (1 &), 32 (1 %), 59 (1 juv.), 73, 75, 77, 78 35 (1 &), 73 73 73, 78 40 (3 &&), 48 (1 &), 69, 73 01 (1 %), 05 (3 %%), 67, 73 73 73, 75 63 (1 %) 35 (2 &&), 73, 75, 77 07 (1 %), 67, 68, 73, 75, 77 68, 69, 74, 75, 76 07 (3 %%, 1 juv.), 31 (1 %), 32 (1 %) 07 (2 %%), 67 74 73 07 (1 %), 09 (1 %, 1 &, 2 juv.), 13 (1 %), 19 (1 %), 58 (1 %, 1 &, 1 juv.), 63 (1 %), 67, 68, 69, 76 34 (1 %), 73, 78 25 (1 &), 34 (2 %%) 07 (1 %), 68, 69, 74 35 (1 &) 11 (1 &)
PAL PAL PAL PAL
TETRAGNATHIDAE * Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1870) * Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874 Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837 ARANEIDAE Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802) Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763) * Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826) Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 Araneus grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844) Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757 Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) Araniella opisthographa (Kulczyński, 1905) Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) * Cercidia prominens (Westring, 1851) Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772) Cyclosa sierrae Simon, 1870 Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802) * Gibbaranea omoeda (Thorell, 1870) Hypsosinga sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844) Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757) Larinioides suspicax (O. P.–Cambridge, 1876) Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)
Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) * Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757) Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802) * Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) * Zygiella thorelli (Ausserer, 1871) LYCOSIDAE * Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817) Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832) Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
67, 73 07 (5 %%, 1 &), 17 (1 %, 1 &), 50 (1 %, 2 &&), 62 (2 &&, 1 juv.), 63 (20 %%) 32 (1 %), 73
Chorotype
EUR PAL HOL PAL PAL
HOL ECA HOL PAL PAL ECA PAL OLW HOL HOL EUR PAL PAL PAL HOL MCA
PAL PAL EUR MCA PAL EUR
PAL MCA PAL
188
* * *
* * *
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Taxa
Locality (sex)
Alopecosa etrusca Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757) Alopecosa pentheri (Nosek, 1905) Alopecosa pinetorum (Thorell, 1856) Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczyński, 1895) Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) Arctosa lutetiana (Simon, 1876) Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822) Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799) Arctosa stigmosa (Thorell, 1875) Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805) Geolycosa vultuosa (C. L. Koch, 1838) Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817)
05 (1 &), 67 73 50 (2 %%, 1 &), 52 (2 %%) 52 (1 %, 1 &) 67, 73 52 (1 &) 75, 77 67 58 (1 &), 73 67, 73 63 (1 %) 7 (1 &), 29 (1 %, 1 &), 52 (1 &), 63 (1 &) 52 (1 &), 67, 73, 74, 75, 76 32 (2 %%, 2 juv.), 39 (1 &), 60 (2 &&, 1 juv.), 63 (20 juv.) 74, 75 73 9 (1 %), 31 (1 %, 2 &&), 58 (6 %%, 1 &) 5 (1 %, 1 &), 19 (2 &&), 29 (1 %, 2 &&), 63 (1 %) 73 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 5 (6 &&), 9 (2 %%, 2 &&), 13 (1 %), 19 (3 &&), 31 (1 %, 4 &&), 32 (1 &), 42 (1 &), 49 (1 %, 5 &&), 50 (1 %, 2 &&), 52 (1 %), 58 (4 %%, 13 &&), 62 (1 &), 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 73 67 9 (3 &&), 31 (2 &&), 47 (1 %, 1 &), 58 (1 &), 63 (3 %%, 3 &&), 67, 73 50 (1 %) 13 (1 %), 19 (1 &), 50 (3 &&), 78 58 (1 %) 58 (1 %) 73 63 (1 %), 73 52 (2 %%) 73, 78 5 (1 &), 52 (2 %%, 2 &&), 73, 75 58 (1 &) 73, 78
ECA EUS PAL PAL EUR PAL EUR PAL PAL HOL PAL PAL
1 (2 %%), 31 (1 %, 2 juv.), 50 (2 %%, 2 &&), 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78
PAL
Lycosa praegrandis C. L. Koch, 1836 Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) * Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856) * Pardosa alacris (C. L. Koch, 1833) Pardosa albatula (Roewer, 1951) Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872)
Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757) Pardosa morosa (L. Koch, 1870) * Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch, 1870) Pardosa proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847) * Pardosa tatarica (Thorell, 1875) * Pardosa vittata (Keyserling, 1863) Pirata knorri (Scopoli, 1763) Pirata latitans (Blackwall, 1841) * Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876) Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856 * Xerolycosa miniata (C. L. Koch, 1834) Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861) PISAURIDAE Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) OXYOPIDAE Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804) Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806 AGELENIDAE * Agelena gracilens C. L. Koch, 1841
Chorotype SEU PAL SET PAL PAL ECA PAT EUS EUR HOL PAL PAL ECA MCA BCAQ PAL ETU EUR EUR EUS
PAL PAL PAL
34 (1 %, 5 &&), 40 (1 &, 4 juv.), 47 (1 %), 67, 73, 75, 76, 78 1 (1 %), 7 (1 &), 34 (2 %%), 45 (1 %), 68, 73, 75, 76, 78
PAL
52 (1 %, 2 &&), 58 (1 &)
MCA
PAL
Araneae Taxa
Locality (sex)
189
Chorotype
Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) * Agelena orientalis C. L. Koch, 1841 * Histopona torpida (C. L. Koch, 1837) * Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802) Tegenaria campestris C. L. Koch, 1834 Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757) * Tegenaria nemorosa Simon, 1916 * Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785) * Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1872
73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 62 (1 &) 61 (1 %, 2 &&, 2 juv.) 61 (1 &) 73 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 32 (2 &&), 52 (3 %%, 3 &&) 63 (2 %%) 63 (1 %)
PAL SEC EUR HOL EUR COS NME WPA EUS
HAHNIIDAE * Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841)
9 (1 %)
PAL
DICTYNIDAE Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758) * Dictyna civica (Lucas, 1850) * Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775) Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856 * Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830) Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951)
9 (1 &), 29 (1 %), 52 (1 %, 3 &&), 73, 75 50 (1 %), 52 (1 %, 3 &&), 58 (1 &) 52 (1 &) 19 (1 %), 74, 75, 76 1 (2 %%, 1 &), 7 (1 %) 75
HOL HOL ECA PAL PAL PAL
AMAUROBIIDAE * Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling, 1863) Amaurobius pallidus L. Koch, 1868 * Amaurobius strandi Haritonov, 1937 * Eurocoelotes falciger (Kulczyński, 1897) Eurocoelotes jurinitschi (Drensky, 1915)
37 (1 %, 1 &, 2 juv.) 10 (1 &), 52 (2 &&), 63 (14 %%, 5 juv.), 67, 73 62 (1 &), 72 (1 %) 18 (1 %), 32 (1 %), 34 (1 %), 62 (1 %), 63 (2 %%) 73, 76
EUR SET NEM EEU BALK
7 (1 %), 73
PAL
TITANOECIDAE Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn, 1833) MITURGIDAE * Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875 Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802) Cheiracanthium fulvotestaceum Simon, 1878 * Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 * Cheiracanthium montanum L. Koch, 1877
40 (1 %, 1 &), 43 (1 %)
ECA
67, 69, 74, 76 76 1 (1 %), 40 (1 &), 50 (2 %%) 1 (1 %, 1 &, 1 juv.), 48 (1 &)
PAL NME HOL PAL
ANYPHAENIDAE Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802) * Anyphaena sabina L. Koch, 1866
5 (1 &), 34 (1 &), 40 (1 &), 48 (2 &&), 74 1 (1 &), 25 (1 &)
ECA ETU
LIOCRANIDAE * Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833) * Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873 * Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830)
61 (1 &) 51 (1 %) 44 (1 %), 53 (2 &&), 63 (1 %)
EUS ECA EUR
40 (1 %, 3 &&) 9 (1 %) 1 (1 &) 63 (1 &)
ECA EUS PAL EUR
* * * *
CLUBIONIDAE Clubiona brevipes Blackwall, 1841 Clubiona frutetorum L. Koch, 1867 Clubiona genevensis L. Koch, 1866 Clubiona marmorata L. Koch, 1866
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Taxa
Locality (sex)
Chorotype
Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757) * Clubiona terrestris Westring, 1851
73 1 (1 &)
HOL EUR
CORINNIDAE * Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835) * Phrurolithus pullatus Kulczyński, 1897 * Trachelas maculatus Thorell, 1875
8 (1 &), 22 (1 %), 63 (1 %) 52 (1 &) 39 (1 &)
PAL ECA EEU
52 (1 &), 62 (2 %%, 3 juv.) 1 (1 &), 07 (1 %), 32 (5 &&, 8 juv.), 61 (1 &), 62 (2 &&) 54 (1 %), 63 (3 %%, 1 &), 75
ETU
1 (1 &) 7 (2 &&, 1 juv.) 63 (2 %%, 4 &&) 1 (1 %) 5 (1 %, 1 &), 7 (2 &&, 4 juv.), 32 (1 %, 1 &, 2 juv.), 34 (1 &), 50 (1 &, 1 juv.), 52 (2 %%, 3 &&), 63 (2 &&), 68, 73, 74, 76 22 (1 &), 67 73 63 (45 %%, 10 &&) 35 (1 &), 52 (3 %%, 2 &&), 73, 74, 76 7 (1 &, 2 juv.), 52 (1 %, 3 &&), 62 (2 &&), 68, 69, 74, 75 73 1 (2 %%) 62 (1 &) 32 (1 &), 75 43 (2 &&), 47 (1 %, 1 &, 3 juv.), 73, 76 74 11 (1 &), 32 (1 &), 62 (1 &) 63 (1 %), 68, 73, 74 73 62 (1 %, 4 &&)
PAT SET PAL EUR
ZODARIIDAE * Zodarion frenatum Simon, 1884 * Zodarion morosum Denis, 1935 Zodarion pirini Drensky, 1921
* * * *
GNAPHOSIDAE Aphantaulax cincta (L. Koch, 1866) Callilepis cretica (Roewer, 1928) Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879) Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) Drassyllus pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833) * Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875) Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839)
* *
*
**
Micaria albovittata (Lucas, 1846) Micaria formicaria (Sundevall, 1831) Nomisia aussereri (L. Koch, 1872) Nomisia exornata (C. L. Koch, 1839) Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866) Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870) Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866) Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833) Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887) Zelotes solstitialis Levy, 1998
EEU BULG
PAL ECA PAL EUR PAL HOL PAL PAL PAL ECA WPA PAL PAL EUR EUR EEE
ZORIDAE * Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861) Zora spinimana (Dufour, 1820)
29 (1 %), 63 (3 &&) 67
PAL MED
SPARASSIDAE * Micrommata ligurina (C. L. Koch, 1845) Micrommata virescens (Sundevall, 1833)
1 (1 &) 73
MCA PAL
PHILODROMIDAE * Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757) Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802) * Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826 Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803) * Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872)
1 (1 %), 48 (1 %, 3 &&) 5 (1 %, 1 &), 34 (1 %), 67, 73, 74, 75, 78 5 (1 %), 7 (2 %%), 48 (1 %) 74 7 (1 %)
PAL HOL HOL PAL PAL
Araneae Taxa * Philodromus praedatus O. P.–Cambridge, 1871 * Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 Thanatus arenarius L. Koch, 1872 * Thanatus meronensis Levy, 1977 Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875 THOMISIDAE * Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777) * Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1852) Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819) Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886 Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) * Ozyptila blackwalli Simon, 1875 * Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837) * Ozyptila confluens (C. L. Koch, 1845) * Ozyptila simplex (O. P.–Cambridge, 1862) * Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772) Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837) Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 * Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) * Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872 Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 * Xysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835 * Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851) Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836) * Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870 * Xysticus tenebrosus Silhavy, 1944 * Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831)
* *
* * * *
SALTICIDAE Aelurillus v–insignitus (Clerck, 1757) Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819) Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757) Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846) Heliophanus aeneus (Hahn, 1832) Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835 Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802) Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832) Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868 Heliophanus melinus L. Koch, 1867 Heliophanus patagiatus Thorell, 1875 Heliophanus simplex Simon, 1868 Leptorchestes berolinensis (C. L. Koch, 1846) Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)
Locality (sex)
191
Chorotype
1 (1 %), 40 (1 &) 48 (1 &) 37 (1 &), 50 (1 &), 69, 73, 78 7 (1 %), 63 (1 %) 74, 75
EUS HOL ECA EEE ECA
32 (1 &) 62 (1 %) 68 76 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 37 (2 &&) 54 (1 &) 32 (1 %), 62 (9 %%, 1 &) 51 (1 &) 32 (1 &) 74, 77 32 (3 &&), 34 (1 %, 5 &&), 49 (1 &), 52 (2 &&), 62 (1 juv.), 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78 52 (1 %), 73, 74, 75, 78 5 (1 %), 48 (1 &) 1 (1 %, 1 &, 1 juv.), 07 (1 %), 32 (2 &&), 42 (1 %), 47 (1 &), 62 (1 &), 68, 73, 78 73, 74, 75, 78 1 (1 &), 07 (1 &, 9 juv.), 11 (1 %, 1 &), 34 (1 &), 37 (1 %) 31 (1 %), 34 (1 %, 1 &), 49 (1 &), 50 (4 %%), 52 (2 %%), 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78 62 (1 %, 1 &) 52 (1 %), 63 (2 &&) 73 32 (1 &), 34 (1 &), 52 (5 &&) 7 (1 %, 1 &), 32 (1 &), 63 (1 %) 48 (2 %%)
PAL ECA EUR PAL HOL PAL PAL NME PAL PAL PAT
78 7 (1 %), 48 (1 &), 68 63 (1 &), 74 7 (1 %), 32 (2 %%), 75 7 (1 %), 73, 74 11 (1 &) 73 62 (1 %) 7 (3 %%), 12 (1 %), 47 (1 &), 73, 75 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 1 (1 %, 1 juv.), 64 52 (1 &) 9 (1 %), 75 1 (1 %) 32 (1 %), 32 (1 juv.) 5 (1 %), 7 (1 %, 1 &), 22 (1 &), 63 (1 %)
PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL MED PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL ETU ETU
PAL PAL PAL ECA PAL ECA EMC PAL PAL HOL PAL EME PAL
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Taxa ** Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868) Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875) ** Pellenes ostrinus (Simon, 1868) Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) * Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868) ** Pseudicius badius (Simon, 1868) * Saitis tauricus Kulczyński, 1905 Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) * Salticus zebraneus (C. L. Koch, 1837) ** Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) Sitticus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) * Synageles dalmaticus (Keyserling, 1863)
Locality (sex)
Chorotype
17 (1 %) 60 (1 %), 62 (1 %, 1 &), 66 7 (1 %) 1 (1 %, 1 &), 35 (1 %), 50 (2 %%, 2 &&), 60 (1 &), 73, 74, 75, 76 7 (1 %, 2 juv.), 75 4 (1 &), 11 (1 %), 17 (1 &), 29 (1 %), 35 (1 %), 43 (2 &&), 50 (1 %, 1 &), 52 (1 &), 63 (1 %, 1 &) 7 (1 %) 71 (1 &) 75 1 (1 &) 1 (1 %) 73 43 (1 %, 3 &&, 1 juv.)
PAT PAL NEM PAL PAL PAL NME EET HOL PAL PAL HOL MCA
Zoogeographical categories: COS – Cosmopolitan; OLW – Old World; HOL – Holarctic; PAT – Palearcto– Afrotropic; PAL – Palearctic; WPA – West–Palearctic; EUS – Euro–Siberian; EMC – Europeo–Centralasiatic; ECA – Europeo–Mediterrano-Centralasiatic; SEC – South Europeo–Centralasiatic; SCA – Southeast Europeo– Centralasiatic; MCA – Mediterrano–Centralasiatic; ETU – Europeo–Turanian; EET – East–Europeo–Turanian; EEE – East Europeo–East Mediterranean; NECA – Norteast Mediterranean; EUR – European; MEE – Middle– East European; SEU – South European; EEU – East European; BULG – Bulgarian Endemic; BALK – Balkan endemic; BKAR – Balkan–Karpatian Endemic; BCA – Balkan–Centralasiatic Endemic; MED – Mediterranean; EME – East–Mediterranean; NME – North–Mediterranean; NEM – North–East–Mediterranean.
Eight species are new for the Bulgarian spider fauna, one species (Harpactea babori) is new for the Greek spider fauna (marked in the list with **) and 144 species are new for the spider fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (marked in the list with *). The number of the species is high and represents about 23% of the Bulgarian spiders (BLAGOEV et al., 2002). This is also evident from a comparison with the number of spiders recorded from the other mountains of Bulgaria: Sashtinska Sredna Gora 410 (LAZAROV et al., 2001), Pirin – 324 (DELTSHEV & BLAGOEV, 1997), Rila – 280 (DELTSHEV et al., 1999a), Central Balkan – 270 (DELTSHEV et al., 1999b), Vitosha – 154 (DELTSHEV, 1967). The most characteristic are the following families: Lycosidae (114%); Theridiidae (10%); Linyphiidae s. l. (9.85%); Salticidae (9.85%); Araneidae (9.50%); Thomisidae (8.45%); Gnaphosidae (7.40%). The genera with the largest number of species are Theridion (11), Pardosa (11); Xysticus (10), Alopecosa (9), Steatoda (8), Heliophanus (8). There are some new interesting faunistic records such as: Anyphaena sabina L. Koch, 1866 – In Bulgaria hitherto known only from Strandja (DRENSKY, 1936). The new localities in the Eastern Rhodopes show that the species is widespread in South Bulgaria. Caviphantes dobrogicus (Dumitrescu & Miller, 1962) – In the Balkan Peninsula hitherto known only from Dobrudja. The new localities expand its distribution range southwards. Philodromus meronensis Levy, 1977 – In Bulgaria hitherto known only from Strandja (POPOV et al., 2000). The new localities in the Eastern Rhodopes show that the species is widespread in South Bulgaria.
Araneae
193
Ozyptila confluens (C. L. Koch, 1845) – In Bulgaria hitherto known only from Sashtinska Sredna Gora (LAZAROV et al., 2001). Pellenes ostrinus (Simon, 1868) – Hitherto known from Israel, Syria and Greece (Attika, Korfu) (METZNER, 1999). The localities in the Eastern Rhodopes are the most northeastern point of its distribution.
Taxonomic notes From a taxonomic point of view some of the species need discussions. Araeoncus tauricus Gnelitsa, in press. The species is described by GNELITSA (in press). The comparison of the pictures of Bulgarian and Crimean specimens show some differences, mainly by females. The conclusion is, that Bulgarian material is either identical with, or closely related to A. tauricus. The presented pictures will form a contribution to the taxonomic characteristic of the species (Fig. 1–7).
2
1
3
4
5
Fig. 1–5. Araeoncus tauricus Gnelitsa (in press): 1, 2 – cephalothorax; 3 – male palp, internal view; 4 – male palp, external view; 5 – palpal tibia. Scale line 0.3 mm. Fig. 1, 2: no scale line.
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Zelotes solstitialis Levy, 1998. The species is described by LEVY (1998) and hitherto known only from Israel and Greece (CHATZAKIS et al., 2003). The new drawings (Fig. 12–14) based on Bulgarian material, will contribute to the taxonomic characteristics of the species. Xysticus tenebrosus Silhavy, 1944. The Bulgarian population occupies the most northeastern point of its distribution. The new drawings will contribute to the taxonomic characteristics of the species (Fig. 8–11). The revision of Drensky’s collection produced corrected a mistake, which was due to misidentification. Gnaphosa oceanica (non Simon, 1878): Drensky, 1928: 188 = Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802).
6
7
8
9
10
11
Fig. 6–11. Araeoncus tauricus Gnelitsa (in press): 6 – epigyne; 7 – vulva. Xysticus tenebrosus Silhavy, 1944: 8 – male palp, ventral view; 9 – male palp, retrolateral view; 10 – epigyne; 11 – vulva. Scale lines 0.3 mm.
Araneae
12
195
13
14
Fig. 12–14. Zelotes solstitialis Levy, 1998: 12 – male palp, ventral view; 13 – male palp, retrolateral view; 14 – epigyne. Scale line 0.4 mm.
Zoogeographical analysis According to their current distribution the established 281 species can be classified into 29 zoogeographic categories, grouped into 4 chorological complexes (Table 2). The data concerning the general distribution and the chorological characteristics of spiders are taken from PLATNICK (2003) and VIGNA TAGLIANTI et al. (1999). The best represented is the complex of widely distributed species (COS + SCO + HOL + PAT + PAL + WPA + EUS + EMC + ECA + SEC + SCA + ETU + EET + SET + EEE, NECA, 79.2%), which comprises species inhabiting both lowlands and mountains. The Palearctic species s. l. are dominant (55.5%); followed by the Holarctic (16.8%); the Europeo–Centralasiatic (8.4%), the Mediterraneo–Centralasiatic (4%) and the Europeo– Siberian (3.5%). Characteristic for the mountains are the species Harpactea babori, Nesticus
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cellulanus (caves), Microneta viaria, Porrhomma convexum (caves) Mangora acalypha, Arctosa albophasciata, Pardosa hortensis, Drassodes lapidosus, Haplodrassus signifer, Synaema globosum, Xysticus acerbus, X. kempeleni, X. kochi, Pseudeuophrys obsoleta. Curious is the distribution of Lycosa praegrandis, widely distributed in the coastal and mountains parts of Greece (HADJISARANTOS, 1940), southern parts of Bulgaria (DELTSHEV & BLAGOEV, 1995), the Caucasus, Azebaydjan, Kazahstan (ZYUZIN & LOGUNOV, 2000). THALER et al. (2000) thought the species should be regarded as a Pontocaspian element. The European complex (EUR + MEE + SEU + EEU, 13.7%) comprises spiders which are widespread in Europe and Bulgaria. They are best represented in the forest and mountain belts. The European species s. l. are dominant (71.88%); followed by the South–European species (15%). Dysdera longirostris, Histopona torpida, Coelotes falciger are characteristic for the forest belt. Palliduphantes istrianus and Metellina merianae are characteristic for caves. In the complex of endemics and subendemics (BULG + BALK + BKAR, 2.5%) the Balkan species are best represented (71.4%). The species Nemesia pannonica coheni, Theridion adrianopoli, Centromerus lakatnikensis, Coelotes jurinitschi are known from the territory of Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and Serbia. The species Centromerus milleri is found only in caves in the Eastern Rhodopes and can be considered a local element. The Mediterranean species complex (MED + EME + NME + NEM, 5.4%) includes only 15 species. They are present in the lower and dry parts of the mountains, occurring in the xerothermic oak forests and meadows. The main part of the species is distributed in the northern and northeastern parts of the Mediterranean region (Araeoncus tauricus, Tegenaria nemorosa, Amaurobius strandi, Cheiracanthium mildei, Ozyptila confluens, Pellenes ostrinus, Pseudicius badius).
Conclusions The faunistic diversity of the 281 spider species shows that the Eastern Rhodopes is a territory of considerable species richness. This conclusion is supported also by the existence of 7 endemic species. It should be emphasize, that the new reported 144 species, eight from which are new to Bulgarian fauna and one also new to Greek fauna, show that the list is not final. In zoogeographical respect, the character of spider fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is defined mainly by the presence of Palearctic (79.2 %) and European species (13.7 %). The Endemic and Northeast Mediterranean species emphasize the local character of the fauna, but its low percentage (2.5) suggests an important process of colonization.
Acknowledgement We are much obliged to our colleagues Dr. A. Popov, Mag, B. Petrov, Dr. P. Stoev, Dr. S. Beshkov, Dr. Z. Hubenov and especially to Dr. V. Gnelitsa (Sumi, Ukraine) for the useful discussions and assistance.
References BERON P. 1994. Résultat des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. – Tranteeva, Sofia, 1: 1–137.
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BLAGOEV G., DELTSHEV, C. & LAZAROV, S. 2002. The Spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, online at http://cl.bas.bg/bulgarianspiders/. CHATZAKIS, M., THALER, K., MYLONAS, M. 2003. Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) from Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. III: Zelotes and allied genera. – Rev. Suisse Zool., 110 (1): 45–89. DELTSHEV C. 1967. On the studies of spiders (Araneae) in the Vitosha Mountain. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 24: 51–56. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). DELTSHEV C. 1970. Neue Daten über die Verbreitung der Gattung Meta (Araneae, Araneidae) in bulgarischen Höhlen. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 32: 89–92 (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DELTSHEV C. 1973. A contribution to the study (Araneae) of spiders from the caves of Bulgaria. III. Ecological notes on spiders (Araneae) from the entrance parts of the caves. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 38: 39–47 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). DELTSHEV C. 1974. A new Centromerus from Bulgarian caves (Araneae, Linyphiidae). – Int. J. Speleol., 6: 81–86. DELTSHEV C. 1982. New data on the distribution of cave spiders (Araneae) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 19: 100–104. DELTSHEV C. 1992. A critical review of family Theridiidae (Araneae) in Bulgaria. –Acta zool. bulg., 43: 13–22. DELTSHEV C. 1993. The genus Tegenaria Latreille in Bulgaria: A critical review with description of two sibling species (Arachnida, Araneae: Agelenidae). – Ber. nat.–med. Verein Innsbruck, 80: 167–174. DELTSHEV C. 1995. A review of family Agelenidae (Araneae) in Bulgaria. Taxonomic, faunistic and zoogeographical analysis. – Eur. J. Entomol., 92: 581–588. DELTSHEV C. 1996. The origin, formation and zoogeography of endemic spiders of Bulgaria (Araneae). – Revue suisse Zool., vol. hors série, 1: 141–151. DELTSHEV C., BLAGOEV G. 1995. A critical review of family Lycosidae (Araneae) in Bulgaria. – Revue arachnol., 10: 171–198. DELTSHEV C., BLAGOEV G. 1997. The spiders of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). Taxonomic, faunistic and zoogeographical analysis (Araneae). – Ber. naturw.–med. Ver. Innsbruck, 84: 269–286. DELTSHEV C., BERON P., BLAGOEV G., GOLEMANSKY V., NAIDENOV V., PENEVA V., STOEV P., TODOROV M., HUBENOV Z. 2000a. Faunistic diversity of invertebrates (non Insecta) in Rila National Park. – In: Sakalian M. (ed.). Biological diversity of the Rila National Park. USAID, Sofia, 249–284. DELTSHEV C., BERON P., BLAGOEV G., GOLEMANSKY V., NAIDENOV V., PENEVA V., STOEV P., TODOROV M., HUBENOV Z. 2000b. Faunistic diversity of invertebrates (non Insecta) in Central Balkan National Park. – In Sakalian M. (ed.). Biological diversity of the Central Balkan National Park. USAID, Sofia, 289–317. DIMITROV D. 1993. New and rare spiders (Araneae) to the fauna of Bulgaria. – In: Second nat. Sci. Entomol. Conf. Sofia, 73–75. DRENSKY P. 1913. Über die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. – Sborn. Bulg. akad. nauk., 2: 1–146 (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DRENSKY P. 1928. Contribution à l’étude des Arachnides de la Thrace du sud et côtes de la Mer Egée. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Scien. Natur., 13: 183–192. (In Bulgarian, summ. French) DRENSKY P. 1936. Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der Balkanhalbinsel. – Sborn. Bulg. akad. nauk., 32: 1–223. FLANCZEWSKA E. 1981. Remarks on Salticidae (Aranei) of Bulgaria. – Annls zool. Warsz., 36: 187–228. GNELITSA V. (In press). Araeoncus tauricus sp. n. – new species (Aranei: Linyphiidae) from the Crimea. – Arthropoda Selecta. HADJISSARANTOS H. 1940. The spideres of Attiki. Thesis. University of Athens, Athens, 1–132. (In Greek, summ. French). JURINITSCH S., DRENSKY P. 1917. Contribution à 1'étude des araignées de Bulgarie. – Spis. Bulg. akad. nauk., 15: 109–136 (In Bulgarian, summ. French). METZNER H. 1999. Die Springspinnen (Araneae, Salticidae) Griechenlands. – Andrias, 14: 1–279. PLATNICK N. 2003. The world spider catalog, version 3.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog81–87/index.html. POPOV V., DELTSHEV C., BLAGOEV G., KRUSTEVA I., DELTSHEV D. 2000. Epigeobiont animal assemblages from two landscapes of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: Relationship to habitat type, assemblage structure and biodiversity. II. Spiders (Araneae). – Acta zool. bulg., 52: 51–88.
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THALER K., BUCHAR J., KNOFLACH B. 1998. Notes on Wolf Spiders from Greece (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Linzer biol. Beitr., 32 (2): 1071–1091. VIGNA TAGLIANTI A., AUDISIO P., A. BIONDI M., BOLOGNA M., A. CARPANETO G., M. DE BIASE A., FATTORINI S., PIATTELLA E., SINDACO R., VENCHI A., ZAPPAROLI M. 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. – Biogeographia, 20: 31–59. ZYUZIN A., LOGUNOV D. 2000. New and little–known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaidjan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc., 11 (80): 305–319.
Authors’ addresses: Christo Deltshev, Stoyan Lazarov, Gergin Blagoev Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E–mails:
[email protected].;
[email protected].;
[email protected].
Паяци (Araneae) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Христо ДЕЛЧЕВ, Стоян ЛАЗАРОВ, Гергин БЛАГОЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Установени са 281 вида от 35 семейства на територията на Източните Родопи. Осем вида са нови за Българската аранеофауна, а Harpactea babori е нов за фауната на Гърция. Araeoncus tauricus, Zelotes solstitialis и Xysticus tenebrosus са дискутирани в таксономично отношение, като са представени и нови рисунки. Според тяхното съвременно разпрострранение, паяците са разпределени в 29 зоогеографски категории, обединени в 4 хоротипни комплекса. В композиционно отношение аранеофауната на Източните Родопи се доминира от палеарктичните и европейските видове. Локалният характер на фауната се определя от ендемичните и североизточномедитеранските видове, но техният малък процент (2.5%) показва, че колонизацията доминира пред автогенезата.
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A new species of the millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 from a cave in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria), with some remarks on its congeners (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae)
Sergei I. GOLOVATCH, Pavel STOEV
Golovatch S., Stoev P. 2004. A new species of the millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 from a cave in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria), with some remarks on its congeners (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 199-205. Abstract. Metonomastus pomak sp. n. is described from Kodja Kaya Cave in Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). It differs from the congeners first of all by the enlarged male femora 4-6 devoid of adenostyles and by certain gonopod traits, yet without clearly expressed troglomorphic characters. This genus is currently shown to comprise 11 species, including M. strasseri atticus Strasser, 1974, which is downgraded to the status of a geographical form, syn. n., with M. strasseri forma attica, stat. n. The following new synonymy and combination are also advanced: Metonomastus Attems, 1937 = Microdesminus Strasser, 1960, syn. n., and Metonomastus saetosus (Strasser, 1960), comb. n. ex Microdesminus. The distribution of this apparently relict Mediterranean genus is mapped, with remarks on its diversity, variation and ecological inclinations given. Key words: Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae, taxonomy, new species, new synonymy, Eastern Rhodopes, cave, Bulgaria.
Introduction The millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 has recently been reviewed (MAURIÈS et al., 1997) and shown to comprise 11 species or subspecies ranging from Italy in the west through Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Greece to western Anatolia in the east (Fig. 7). Below is the description of a new congener, the first to be reported from Bulgaria. Only a few members of Metonomastus appear to be cavernicolous, yet all such forms are presumed troglophiles at most. Our new species seems to only be a troglophile as well. Type material has been divided between the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS), Zoological Museum of the Moscow University, Moscow (ZMUM), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum (ZMUC).
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Metonomastus pomak sp. n. Holotype: Kodja Kaya (= Belopolyanskata Peshtera) Cave, Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 1 %, 27.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. (NMNHS). Paratypes: 5 %% and 3 && (NMNHS), 1 %, 2 && (ZMUM), 1 %, 1 & (ZMUC), same date and collectors; 2 %%, 3 &&, same locality, 23.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. (NMNHS); 1 %, 2 &&, same locality, 11.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. (NMNHS). Name: Honours the pomaks, a small Bulgarian ethnic group, and also the male pomak, living mainly in the region of Rhodopes both in Bulgaria and Greece. Diagnosis: Differs from congeners, in particular from the closest strasseri Hoffman et Lohmander, 1968, chiefly by certain details of gonopod structure (see also under Remarks). Description: Length 4–4.5 (males) to 5 mm (females), width of midbody segments 0.24–0.28 and 0.35–0.38 (males), 0.39–0.41 and 0.45–0.50 mm (females) on pro- and metazona, respectively. Holotype ca. 4 mm long, 0.25 and 0.36 mm wide on midbody proand metazona, respectively. Body moniliform, with 19 segments. Coloration entirely pallid. Head broadest, globular, 0.5 (male) and 0.6 mm wide (female). In male, head >> collum < segment 2 = 3 < 4 < 5=16; onward body very gently and gradually tapering. In female, head >> collum = segment 3 < 2=4 < 5=16; onward body rather rapidly tapering. Head and genae finely and densely pilose, genae roundly subquadrangular in dorsal view. Antennae medium-sized, strongly clavate, in situ reaching the end of segment 4 (male) or 3 (female) dorsally; antennomere 6 broadest, with a characteristic distodorsal group of subclavate sensilla (Fig. 1). Texture very finely alveolate/reticulate throughout, teguments dull. Collum ovoid, modestly convex, usual. Dorsum evidently convex. Paraterga poorly developed, present on segments 2-17, normally set rather low at about 1/3 midbody metazonal height (Figs 2-3), never projecting caudally beyond rear tergal contour, in male developed a little better than in female, defined over caudal 1/3 extent both dorsally and ventrally (male) or rather represented by caudal discs with ozopores on pore-bearing segments (female), in all cases virtually without clear-cut calluses. Pore formula normal, ozopores lateral, evident, placed near caudal corner of paraterga. Transverse sulcus on metaterga poorly developed, traceable on segments 5– 17. Axial line missing. Metatergal setation long and dense, setae arranged in two (segments 2– 4) or three (collum and segments 5–18) transverse rows, pattern 5+5 in anterior (= pre-sulcus) and caudal rows, and 3+3 in middle (= post-sulcus) row, both middle and caudal rows poorly separated and lying close to rear tergal margin (Figs 2-3); metatergal surface poorly tuberculate due to small knobs/bosses supporting the setae; these knobs somewhat better expressed in anterior row. Constriction between pro- and metazona deep, rather wide, very delicately striolate longitudinally. Pleurotergal carinae present on segment 2 only. Epiproct medium-sized, strongly flattened dorsoventrally, nearly pointed in dorsal view. Subanal scale subtrapeziform, slightly concave caudally, both caudal corners supporting a strong seta each. Sterna without modifications, cross-impressions poorly developed. Legs slightly incrassate (male) or slender (female), longer in male than in female (1.5–1.7 times versus 1.3– 1.4 times as long as midbody height, respectively), as usual slightly growing in length toward telson; in male, all pregonopodal prefemora somewhat swollen dorsally, femora 4–6
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Figs 1-6. Metonomastus pomak sp. n., male paratype: Fig. 1 – antenna; Fig. 2 – metatergite 10, lateral view; Fig. 3 – right half of metatergite 10, dorsal view; Fig. 4 – leg 4; Figs 5-6 – left gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.2 (Figs 1–3) and 0.1 mm (Figs 4–6). conspicuously enlarged (Fig. 4), femur 6 a little less strongly so compared to femora 4 and 5, adenostyles or other modifications absent; in female, legs without modifications; each tibia with a usual, particularly long, tactile seta distodorsally. Gonopods (Figs 5-6) with coxites medium-sized, normal, slightly elongate, sparsely setose ventrally. Prefemur about as long as acropodite, densely setose as usual. Femorite very short, with a minute but peculiar dorsolateral bacillum apically; postfemoral sulcus distinct, abbreviated, traceable on medial side only; tibiotarsus very long, subfalcate, acuminate apically; its kind of lamina medialis almost twice as short as its kind of lamina lateralis; solenomere lamelliform, broad, acuminate apically, with a lateral ear-shaped outgrowth (k) at base. Remarks: This is the first species of the genus to be found in Bulgaria. Its closest relatives seem to be both other documented congeners in which the distal half of the
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gonopod is tri-, not biramous (cf. MAURIÈS et al., 1997). However, M. strasseri Hoffman et Lohmander, 1968, which occurs in western Anatolia, Turkey (Fig. 7), shows a far larger and lamellar k, a much slenderer solenomere, and an obsolete femorite (HOFFMAN & LOHMANDER, 1968). In M. strasseri atticus Strasser, 1974, from Attica, Greece, the gonopods are virtually identical to those of the typical M. strasseri. The only distinguishing characters between these two latter taxa are the enlarged male femora 4 and 5 each supplied with a minute distoventral adenostyle observed in atticus (STRASSER, 1974). These delicate features being too easily overlooked, and fully in accordance with the modern biosubspecies concept that rejects a typological approach to subspecies discrimination, atticus is most probably to be regarded as only a geographical form but not a subspecies of strasseri. Even if adenostyles are indeed absent in the typical strasseri, this trait alone can hardly justify a distinct species being involved. In other words, we are inclined to advance the following new synonymy: Metonomastus strasseri Hoffman et Lohmander, 1968 = M. strasseri atticus Strasser, 1974, syn. n. In the latest key to Metonomastus (cf. MAURIÈS et al., 1997), M. pomak sp. n. would key out together with M. strasseri due to the presence of outgrowth k on the gonopod, but both are easily distinguished by the shape both of k and solenomere (see above). The status of Microdesminus Strasser, 1960, monotypic, with M. saetosus Strasser, 1960, from Cherso Island, Croatia and near Triest, Italy, becomes better understood when one looks at the diversity of tergal and gonopod structures within Metonomastus. Indeed, Microdesminus is only characterised by the especially rich but short tergal pilosity, the distal position of adenostyles on pregonopodal male femora, and the distal half of the gonopod unequally biramous, with the solenomere being the longer outer branch (STRASSER, 1960). However, one must keep in mind that Metonomastus strasseri forma attica, stat. n., also shows the same position of adenostyles as Microdesminus saetosus does. Furthermore, in Metonomastus capreae (Verhoeff, 1942), M. romanus (Verhoeff, 1951) and M. patrizii Manfredi, 1950, all from Italy, in contrast to some other congeners like M. albus (Verhoeff, 1901), from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia, M. hirtellus (Silvestri, 1903) and M. mariae (Strasser, 1965), both from Italy, and M. petrelensis Mauriès, Golovatch et Stoev, 1997, from Albania, the solenomere is likewise the greater outer branch. In the latter four species, the tibiotarsus is of varying length, shape and development but it is never too small, largely comparable in size to the solenomere. Thus an entire transition series can be traced within Metonomastus in the degree of development and mutual arrangement of the solenomere and tibiotarsus, culminating in the triramous condition in the definitely peripheral, outlying members like M. strasseri and M. pomak. The evolution of the solenomere and tibiotarsal branch in Microdesminus differs from that of, e.g., Metonomastus patrizii so little that there can be no doubt whatever, we face congeners. The only remaining distinguishing feature of Microdesminus, i.e. the particularly abundant and irregular tergal pilosity, can hardly warrant its recognition as a generic-rank character, because variation in the degree and pattern of setation in Metonomastus is also quite significant. Thus, metatergal setae seem to be totally missing but replaced by tubercles in M. bosniensis (Verhoeff, 1901)1, from Bosnia and Herzegovina, to very long and abundant, e.g., in M. pomak (cf. VERHOEFF, 1901, 1942, 1951; SILVESTRI, 1903; ATTEMS, 1929, 1937, 1959; MANFREDI, 1950; STRASSER, 1958, 1960, 1965, 1974; HOFFMAN & LOHMANDER, 1968; MAURIÈS et al., 1997).
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To summarise, we also advance here the following new synonymy and combination: Metonomastus Attems, 1937 = Microdesminus Strasser, 1960, syn. n., and Metonomastus saetosus (Strasser, 1960), comb. n. ex Microdesminus. Concerning the association of Metonomastus pomak with caves, as this species shows no unequivocal troglomorphic features like highly elongated appendages, larger body size etc., we presume we only face a geobite, which is quite abundant, and purely troglophilic, in the cave it inhabits. This suggestion totally agrees with the other sympatric fauna, e.g. Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmaessler, 1838), O. depressus (Sterki, 1880) (Gastropoda), Chaetophiloscia hastata Verhoeff, 1929 (Isopoda), Centromerus milleri Deltshev, 1974, C. lakatnikensis (Drensky, 1931), Meta bourneti Simon, 1922 (Araneae), Ixodes vespertilionis C.L. Koch, 1844 (Acari), Laemostenus cimmerius (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Triphleba antricola (Schmitz, 1918) (Diptera: Phoridae), Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera) (BERON et al., 2004) as well as geo- rather than troglophily of several other cavedwelling congeners known to date (MANFREDI, 1950). Zoogeographically as well as anatomically, this genus can readily be considered as relict and peculiar. The highly sporadic distribution demonstrated by Metonomastus (Fig. 7) is certainly quite ancient. On the other hand, the relatively simple gonopod conformation, with the solenomere never particularly slender and long enough to seek support from the adjacent solenophore-like structures, strongly suggests a stage close enough to, yet more advanced than that observed in the similarly Euro-Mediterranean but definitely more
Fig. 7. Geographical distribution of the species of Metonomastus: 1 – albus, 2 – bosniensis, 3 – capreae, 4 – hirtellus, 5 – mariae, 6 – patrizii, 7 – petrelensis, 8 – pomak, 9 – romanus, 10 – saetosus, 11 – strasseri. 1
The identity of M. bosniensis is still to be refined, as this taxon is only based on a single female holotype (VERHOEFF, 1901).
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basal genus Strongylosoma Brandt, 1833. The very small body and obvious inclinations of the constituent species to geo- and/or troglophily, maybe also petro- to calciphily, seem to imply an ecological stage more advanced and specialised than the primary litter-dwelling niche postulated for most diplopods (KIME & GOLOVATCH, 2000).
Acknowledgments Pensoft Publishers supported the second author’s work on this project with the first author in Moscow in September 2003. We are grateful to Boyan Petrov and Boris Barov (Sofia) for putting their valuable material at our disposal.
References ATTEMS C. 1929. Die Myriapodenfauna von Albanien und Jugoslavien. – Zool. Jb., Syst., 56: 269-356. ATTEMS C. 1937. Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. – Das Tierreich, 68: XXII + 300 p. ATTEMS C. 1959. Die Myriopoden der Höhlen der Balkanhalbinsel. – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 63: 281-408. BERON P., PETROV B., STOEV P. 2004. The invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 791-822. HOFFMAN R., LOHMANDER H. 1968. The Diplopoda of Turkey. – Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 65: 61-121. KIME R. D., GOLOVATCH S. 2000. Trends in the ecological strategies and evolution of millipedes (Diplopoda). – Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 69: 333-349. MANFREDI P. 1950. Miriapodi italiani. 6. Contributo - Specie e varietà nuove. – Atti Soc. ital. Sc. nat., 89: 33-42. MAURIÈS J.-P., GOLOVATCH S., STOEV P. 1997. The millipedes of Albania: recent data, new taxa; systematical, nomenclatural and faunistical review (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). – Zoosystema, 19 (2-3): 255-292. SILVESTRI F. 1903. Classis Diplopoda. 1. Anatome: Pars I, Segmenta, Tegumentum, Musculi: 272 pp. cum tabulis lithographicis duplicibus 4, nec non incisionibus, in texto insitis, N. 346, in: Acari, Miriapoda Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta. Portici, Tip. Della Torre. STRASSER K. 1958. Diplopodi del Lazio. – Boll. Soc. Adriatica Sci. nat., Trieste, 49 (9): 137-170. STRASSER K. 1960. Diplopoden aus Alpen-, Apenninen- und Balkanländern. – Fragm. Entom., Roma, 3 (6): 95-140. STRASSER K. 1965. Diplopodi raccolti in alcune grotte dell’Abruzzo. – Boll. Soc. Adriatica Sci., Trieste, 53: 173-182. STRASSER K. 1974. Über Diplopoda-Chilognatha Griechenlands. – Revue suisse Zool., 81 (1): 219-300. VERHOEFF K. 1901. Beiträge zur Kenntniss paläarktischer Myriopoden. 19. Aufsatz: Diplopoden aus Herzegowina, Ungarn und Baiern. – Arch. Naturg., 67A (1): 221-240. VERHOEFF K. 1942. Diplopoden der Insel Kapri. – Zool. Anz., 139: 213-233. VERHOEFF K. 1951. Diplopoda, Chilopoda und Isopoda terrestria vom Mt. Soratte in Latium. – Zool. Jb., Syst., 80: 205-253.
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Authors’ addresses: Sergei I. Golovatch Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospekt 33 Moscow 119071 (V-71), Russia e-mail:
[email protected] Pavel Stoev National Museum of Natural History 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. Sofia 1000, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Нов вид многоножка от род Metonomastus Attems, 1937 от пещера в Източните Родопи (България) с бележки върху някои близкородствени таксони (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae) Сергей ГОЛОВАЧ, Павел СТОЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Описва се Metonomastus pomak sp. n. от пещерата Коджа кая в българската част на Източните Родопи. Видът се различава по удебелените фемури на 4-6 двойка крака, на които липсват аденостили и по формата на гоноподите при мъжките. С него броят на видовете в рода достига единадесет, до момента известни от Апенините, Балканския полуостров и малоазиатската част на Турция. M. strasseri atticus Strasser, 1974 от Гърция е сведен в синоним на M. strasseri Hoffman et Lohmander, 1968, syn. n., с ранг на отделна форма M. strasseri forma attica, stat. n. Монотипният род Microdesminus Strasser, 1960 с вида M. saetosus Strasser, 1960, известен от Хърватско и Италия, е сведен в синоним на Metonomastus Attems, 1937, syn. n., и е предложена новa комбинация Metonomastus saetosus (Strasser, 1960), comb. n. ex Microdesminus. Въпреки че е намерен в пещера, новият вид е по-скоро геобионт, притежаващ характерните за тази екологична група малък размер и компактни крайници. Разпространението на всички представители на този реликтен род е представено на карта. Направен е и кратък коментар върху морфологичните особености на отделни видове.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
The myriapods (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Pavel STOEV
Stoev P. 2004. The myriapods (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P. & Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 207-220. Abstract. The current paper reviews all the information concerning the centipedes and millipedes of the Eastern Rhodopes (Rhodopi), a mountain range stretching between Bulgaria and Greece. Altogether, 55 species and subspecies have hitherto been reported from its territory. The new records increase their number to 64, of which 38 centipedes and 26 millipedes. Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 and Proteroiulus fuscus (Am Stein, 1857) are new to the Bulgarian fauna. Eight species are discovered for the first time in the region concerned. Mesoiulus bulgaricus Gulička, 1967 is considered a junior synonym of Rhodopiella beroni (Strasser, 1966). Key words: Chilopoda, Diplopoda, new synonym, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece
Introduction Eastern Rhodopes are part of the Rhodopi massif, which stretches between Bulgaria and Greece. The region covers a territory of 6005 sq. km, of which 4200 sq. km in Bulgaria (approximately 70% of the total). Most of the territory comprises hilly and lowland types of landscape; Orlitsa Peak (1483 m, Greece) being the highest point of the area. The climate is Submediterranean in the northern and central parts, getting typically Mediterranean in the extreme south in Greece. In terms of biodiversity the Bulgarian part of the mountain is very poorly explored and just recently a broad campaign aiming at its inventory began. The millipedes (Diplopoda) and the centipedes (Chilopoda) of the region have never been object of special interest. The first records from the Bulgarian part of the mountain derive from JURINICH (1904), who mentioned 7 species from the surroundings of Haskovo. Two of them, Lithobius castaneus Newport, 1844 and Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport, 1842), have probably been misidentified as no other records in the country have been published since then. Additional information comes from the papers of STRASSER (1966; 1973), BERON & GUÉORGUIEV (1967), GULIČKA (1967), KACZMAREK (1969; 1970), BERON (1994), STOEV & RIBAROV (1995), RIBAROV (1996), DELTSHEV et al. (1998), STOEV (2001, 2002a), STOEV & ENGHOFF (2003) and GOLOVATCH & STOEV (2003).
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Collectors have also neglected the Greek part of the mountain, as most of the information comes from the surroundings of Alexandroupoli. In respect to centipedes, all records were recently summarized by ZAPPAROLI (2002). STOEV (2002b; 2004) adds new data based upon a collecting trip in North Greece in September 2000. Yet, very little is known about the millipedes of Northeastern Greece (e.g. VERHOEFF, 1926, STRASSER, 1974, 1976, BERON, in prep.). The current paper reviews all the literature records from both the Bulgarian and the Greek sides, and supplements new ones only from Bulgaria, based largely upon the Myriapoda collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS). Two species, Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 and Proteroiulus fuscus (Am Stein, 1857), are new to the Bulgarian fauna. Eight species (marked with * in the text) are new to region. The study of numerous samples collected from caves in Eastern Rhodopes showed that Mesoiulus bulgaricus Gulička, 1967 is nothing but a junior synonym of Rhodopiella beroni Strasser, 1966.
Materials and methods The identification of the material was made using a Russian made stereoscope type MBC-10. All centipedes are preserved in 70% ethanol. Damaged and/or juvenile specimens, that could not be reliably determined, were excluded from this study. The entire collection is preserved in the Department of Non-Insect Invertebrates in the NMNHS. Symbols and acronyms: * – species, new to the Eastern Rhodopes; BG / GR – localities in the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Rhodopes, respectively.
Species account CHILOPODA Scutigeromorpha Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Kodja-Kaya Hill near Belopolyane (STOEV, 2002a: 19). New record: ad. ‡, Krumovgrad Distr., Oreshari Village, Gouk-In (Razklonenata Peshtera) Cave, 27.4.2002, B. Petrov leg. GR: Essimi (STOEV, 2002b: 80). Lithobiomorpha Eupolybothrus litoralis (L. Koch, 1867) GR: Ladi (Ladha) (ATTEMS, 1902: 548; KANELLIS, 1959: 30; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 11); M. Evmiro (STOEV, 2004: 82). Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus (Latzel, 1882) BG: Zandana Cave near Dolno Cherkovishte, Yarasa-Ini Cave near Sredna Arda, Mechkina Dupka Cave near Beli Dol (STOEV, 2001c: 49, 2002: 22). GR: Silo (ZAPPAROLI, 1984: 206, 2002: 15); Koufovouno Cave near Koufovouno (STOEV, 2004: 82).
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Eupolybothrus sp. BG: Maarata Cave near Madrets, Rupata Cave near Egrek (STOEV, 2001: 49). Lithobius (s.str.) cf. borisi Verhoeff, 1928 GR: Maronia (MATIC & STAVROPOULOS, 1988: 42; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 25). Lithobius (s.str.) castaneus Newport, 1844 BG: Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 19; RIBAROV, 1996: 239; STOEV, 1997: 99; 2002: 25). Note: The occurrence of this species in the Rhodopes and in Bulgaria as a whole is rather doubtful since JURINICH (1904) is the only one who reported it from the country (STOEV, 2002a). Lithobius (s.str.) ergus (Chamberlin, 1952) BG: Tsvyatovo (STOEV, 2002a: 26). *Lithobius (s.str.) erythrocephalus erythrocephalus C.L. Koch, 1847 BG: ad. †, Momchilgrad Distr., Chukovo Village, 16.8.1995, P. Stoev leg.; 3 ad. ††, Madjarovo, SW volcanic slopes of Patron-Kaya, under stones, 550 m, 9.2.1998, B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov leg. Lithobius (s.str.) forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) GR: 11 km from Leptokaria (STOEV, 2004: 83). Lithobius (s.str.) lakatnicensis Verhoeff, 1926 BG: Kremenskata Peshtera Cave near Kremen (STOEV, 2001: 34, 2002: 30). *Lithobius (s.str.) lucifugus L. Koch, 1862 BG: ad. ‡, Kardjali Distr., Studen Kladenets Village, under stones, 11.10.1995, P. Stoev leg. Lithobius (s.str.) nigripalpis L. Koch, 1867 BG: Tatul, Plovka, between Strazhets and Gugutka (STOEV, 2002a: 34). New records: ad. ‡, Krumovgrad Distr., near Kulich, under stones, 21.4.1996, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; 2 ad. ††, ad. ‡, between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad. †, 2 ad. ‡‡, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Siv Kladenets Village, ruins, shrubs, under stones, 24.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad. ‡, between Beli Dol and Zhelezari, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. Note: Lithobius nigripalpis and Scolopendra cingulata were both reported from Strymon (a river near Serres) in Greece (MATIC & STAVROPOULOS, 1988: 42). These records were wrongly interpreted by ZAPPAROLI (2002: 33) as “Rodopi: Strimi”, the latter situated in the eastern part of the Rhodopes. So far, there are no reliable records, proving the existence of L. nigripalpis in the Greek part of the mountain, whereas S. cingulata is known from four localities there (see bellow).
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P. STOEV Lithobius (s.str.) parietum Verhoeff, 1899 GR: 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 47, 2002: 35). Lithobius (s.str.) schuleri Verhoeff, 1925 GR: Alexandroupoli, near Monastirakion (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 48, 2002: 36).
Lithobius (s.str.) tricuspis Meinert, 1872 Thracean region (Thrace and Eastern Rhodopes) (RIBAROV, 1996: 240; STOEV, 2002a: 41). Note: This species was reported from the southeastern part of the country without exact locality (RIBAROV, 1996; STOEV, 2002a). Its presence in the Eastern Rhodopes needs confirmation. Lithobius (s.str.) viriatus Sselivanoff, 1878 BG: ad. ‡, subad. ‡, Madjarovo Distr., Gorata Ridge, Gluhite Kamani above Dabovets Village, oak litter, 550 m, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg. GR: Maronia (Cyclops Polyphemus) Cave near Maronia (MATIC & STAVROPOULOS, 1988: 42; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 39). Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes L. Koch, 1862 BG: Dupkata Cave near Ivaylovgrad (BERON, 1994: 36; STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 93; STOEV, 2001: 43, 2002: 43); Kodja-In (Golyamata Peshtera) Cave near Byal Kladenets (STOEV, 2001: 43; 2002: 43); deserted mine gallery between Lozen and Cherna Mogila, deserted mine gallery on the road to Momina Skala Hut, deserted mine gallery near Arda River E of Madjarovo, Gorni Yurutsi (STOEV, 2002a: 43). New records: ad. ‡, Krumovgrad Distr., between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad. ‡, Kardjali Distr., Studen Kladenets Village, under stones, 11.10.1995, P. Stoev leg.; 2 ad. ††, 2 ad. ‡‡, Visoka Polyana Village, 12.10.1996, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) ferganensis Trotzina, 1880 GR: 11 km from Leptokaria (STOEV, 2004: 83). Lithobius (Sigibius) reiseri-apfelbecki group Lithobius cf. apfelbecki Verhoeff, 1900: STOEV, 2001: 43. Lithobius (Sigibius) reiseri Verhoeff, 1900: ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 46. BG: Zandana Cave near Dolno Cherkovishte (STOEV, 2001; 2002a). GR: Alexandroupoli, Monastirakion (ZAPPAROLI, 2002). Lithobius (Sigibius) beroni Negrea, 1965 BG: Karangin Cave near Oreshari, Rupata Cave near Egrek (STOEV, 2001: 44, 2002: 45). *Lithobius (Sigibius) microps Meinert, 1868 BG: 3 ††, Ivaylovgrad Distr., between Meden Buk and Zhalti Chal, 25.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.
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Lithobius (Sigibius) vizicae (Ribarov, 1987) GR: Dadja Monastery near Dadja (STOEV, 2004: 84). Pleurolithobius patriarchalis (Berlese, 1894) BG: Prilepova Dupka Cave near Dolno Lukovo, Zmiyarnika Cave near Belopolyane (STOEV, 2001: 47, 2002: 52). New records: 2 subad. ††, Krumovgrad Distr., between Beli Dol and Boturche, under stones in Quercus forest, 15.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; subad. †, Madjarovo Distr., Odrintsi Village, Koja-Kaya Hill, 23.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; subad. †, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Zhalti Chal Village, 25.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. GR: Essimi (type locality of Pleurolithobius bartsiokasi Matic et Stavropoulos, 1990; MATIC & STAVROPOULOS, 1990: 30; ZAPPAROLI & MINELLI, 1993: 333; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 54). Harpolithobius banaticus rhodopensis Kaczmarek, 1975 BG: Zandana Cave near Dolno Cherkovishte, Aina-Ini (Ogledalnata Peshtera) Cave near Ribino (STOEV, 2001: 46, 2002: 54). Scolopendromorpha Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 BG: “Ak-bunarskite lozya” (Ak-bunar = Byal izvor or Byal kladenets), Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 20; STOEV, 2002a: 57); Kardjali, Harmanli, Bryagovo, Balgartsi (KACZMAREK, 1970: 88; STOEV, 2002a: 57); between Studen Kladenets and Potochnitsa (STOEV, 2002a: 57). New record: ad., Madjarovo Distr., crossroad to village Gorno Pole, Quercus cerii forest, meadow, under stones, 20.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. GR: “Dede Agatsch (Badoma)” [= Alexandroupoli] (type locality of S. cingulata thracia Verhoeff, 1928, VERHOEFF, 1928: 123; RIBAROV, 1989: 34; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 58), near Monastirakion, 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 25, 2002: 58), Avas (STAVROPOULOS & MATIC, 1990: 38; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 58). Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844 BG: Momchilgrad (KACZMAREK, 1969: 272; STOEV, 2002a: 58); between Strazhets and Gugutka (STOEV, 2002a: 58). New records: ad., Ivaylovgrad Distr., Siv Kladenets Village, ruins, shrubs, under stones, 24.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad., Odrintsi Village, 27.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad., between Beli Dol and Zhelezari, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad., between Meden Buk, Dolno Lukovo and Mandritsa, 26.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; 2 ad., Madjarovo Distr., crossroad to village Gorno Pole, Quercus cerii forest, meadow, under stones, 20.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. Cryptops croaticus Verhoeff, 1931 BG: Momchilgrad (KACZMAREK, 1969: 271; STOEV, 2002a: 59). Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) BG: Zmiyarnika Cave near Belopolyane, Rupata Cave near Egrek, Tilki-Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa (STOEV, 2001: 33, 2002: 59); deserted mine gallery near Arda River E of Madjarovo
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(STOEV, 2002a: 59). New records: one specimen, Krumovgrad Distr., between Beli Dol and Boturche, Quercus forest, under stones, 15.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg; one specimen, Svilengrad Distr., N slopes of Sheinovets Peak, Mezek Village, 500 m, Carpinus, Acer, Fagus forest, leaf litter, 12.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; 11 specimens, Mezek Village, foot of Gorata Ridge, 200 m, oak litter and under bark, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; two specimens, Ivaylovgrad Distr., between Meden Buk and Zhalti Chal, 25.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. GR: Leptokaria (STOEV, 2004: 85). Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 BG: Dupkata Cave near Ivaylovgrad (STOEV, 2001: 33, 2002: 60). New records: one specimen, Krumovgrad Distr., 2 km of Podkova, Quercus forest, leaf litter, 12.10.1995, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; one specimen, Svilengrad Distr., Mezek Village, foot of Gorata Ridge, 200 m, oak litter and under bark, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg. GR: 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 24, 2002: 72); Leptokaria (STOEV, 2004: 86). Geophilomorpha Himantarium gabrielis (Linnaeus, 1767) BG: ad. ‡, Madjarovo Distr., crossroad to village Gorno Pole, Quercus cerii forest, meadow, under stones, 20.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; ad. †, Odrintsi Village, KojaKaya Hill, 23.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg. GR: Essimi (STAVROPOULOS & MATIC, 1990: 37; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 74); 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 13, 2002: 74). Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) GR: Ladi (Ladha) (ATTEMS, 1929: 48; KANELLIS, 1959: 10; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 79), “Badoma bei Dedeagatsch” [= Alexandroupoli] (VERHOEFF, 1928: 123; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 79); 10 km E of Maronia (STOEV, 2004: 87). Schendyla sp. BG: Tilki-Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa, Mechkina Dupka Cave near Beli Dol (STOEV, 2001: 33). Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 BG: ad. †, 51 pairs of legs, Madjarovo Distr., stone quarry near Arda River, 180 m, oak litter and under bark, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov leg. Note: This is the first record of the species in Bulgaria. Widespread in Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula it was known from Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece (ZAPPAROLI, 2002) and Romanian Dobrogea (MATIC, 1972). ARTHUR et al. (2001, 2002) recently described from the British Islands a species (G. easoni) morphologically close to carpophagus. *Geophilus linearis C.L. Koch, 1835 BG: ad. ‡, 73 pairs of legs, Madjarovo Distr., Odrintsi Village, Koja-Kaya Hill, 23.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.
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Clinopodes f lavidus C.L. Koch, 1847 =? Clinopodes polytrichus (Attems, 1903) BG: Kardjali, Harmanli (KACZMAREK, 1970: 83; STOEV, 2002a: 68); Mechkina Dupka Cave near Beli Dol (STOEV, 2001: 32, 2002: 68); deserted mine gallery on the road to Momina Skala Hut (STOEV, 2002a: 68); between Strazhets and Gugutka (STOEV, 2002a: 69, sub C. polytrichus). GR: Alexandroupoli, near Monastirakion (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 18, 2002: 97); Essimi (STOEV, 2004: 86). Note: In all my previous works I treated C. polytrichus as distinct from C. flavidus, while ZAPPAROLI (2002) regarded it as a synonym of the latter. Undoubtedly, both are morphologically very close (STOEV, 2002a), as it is very difficult to distinguish them solely on the basis of presence (vs. absence) of more setae on the anterior sterna in the former. Since no formal synonymy has ever been proposed, I leave the problem open to a future taxonomic work. It worth mentioning that LIGNAU (1903) described Geophilus flavidus setosus from Tamani in Caucasus in the same year Attems described Clinopodes flavidus polytrichus from the Korfu (Kerkira) Island in Greece (ATTEMS, 1903). Both have similar diagnosis and I tend to believe that they are identical. Henia (s.str.) devia C.L. Koch, 1847 GR: Ladi (Ladha) (ATTEMS, 1929: 235; KANELLIS, 1959: 15; ZAPPAROLI, 2002: 84). Henia (s.str.) illyrica (Meinert, 1870) BG: ad. †, 81 pairs of legs, Madjarovo Distr., crossroad to village Gorno Pole, Quercus cerii forest, meadow, under stones, 20.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; ad. †, 85 pairs of legs, Odrintsi Village, Koja-Kaya Hill, 23.4.1996, P. Stoev, B. Petrov, B. Barov leg. GR: Alexandroupoli, 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (ZAPPAROLI, 1994: 16, 2002: 85). Henia (Turkophilus) porosa (Verhoeff, 1941) GR: Dadja Monastery near Dadja (STOEV, 2004: 86). *Strigamia transsilvanica (Verhoeff, 1928) BG: Rhodopes, without exact locality (STOEV, 2002a: 75). New record: 2 ‡‡, each with 49 pairs of legs, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Ilieva Niva near Glumovo, oak litter near the road, 600 m, 6.11.1999, B. Petrov, V. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg. DIPLOPODA Glomerida Glomeris balcanica Verhoeff, 1906 BG: Gorna Snezhinka (STRASSER, 1966: 334, sub G. bureschi); Kardjali (DELTSHEV et al., 1998: 149). New records: ad. ‡, Krumovgrad Distr., between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad. †, 2 ad. ‡‡, Beli Dol Village, Mechkina Dupka Cave, 22.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; ad. ‡, Ivaylovgrad Distr., between Beli Dol and Zhelezari, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; ad. †, ad. ‡, Kardjali Distr., Madrets Village, Maarata Cave, 9.10.1995, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; ad. ‡, same locality and collectors, 12.10.1996.
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GR: “Dedeagatsch [= Alexandroupoli] bei Station Badoma” [type locality of G. bureschi Verhoeff, 1926, VERHOEFF, 1926: 193]; near Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 227), Makri (STRASSER, 1976: 580). Glomeris pustulata Latreille, 1804 BG: Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 30). Trachysphaera costata (Waga, 1857) BG: Dupkata Cave near Ivaylovgrad (BERON, 1994: 37; STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 90). New records: ad. †, several ‡‡ and juveniles, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Dupkata Cave, 23.4.1996, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; several †† and ‡‡, same locality, 23.4.1999, B. Petrov leg. Trachysphaera rotundata (Lignau, 1941) = T. pigmentifera (Verhoeff, 1941) GR: Kallidhea Mt., 7 km N of Essimi (STRASSER, 1976: 584). Polydesmida Polydesmus complanatus (Linnaeus, 1761) BG: Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 33). Polydesmus herzogowinensis Verhoeff, 1897 BG: Podkova, Popsko (STRASSER, 1973: 413). New records: 2 ad. ††, Madjarovo Distr., Gorata Ridge, Gluhite Kamani above Dabovets Village, oak litter, 550 m, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg.; ad. †, ad. ‡ (copula), several subad. ‡‡, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Dupkata Cave, 23.4.1996, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; 3 ††, same locality, 23.4.1999, B. Petrov leg. GR: Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 230), SE of Makri (STRASSER, 1976: 585). *Polydesmus rodopensis Gulička, 1967 BG: 2 ad. ††, 1 ad. ‡, Svilengrad Distr., N slopes of Sheinovets Peak, Mezek Village, 500 m, Carpinus, Acer, Fagus forest, leaf litter, 12.4.1998, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. Note: This is the first record of this species since GULIČKA (1967). The description of the gonopods corresponds well to that given in the original paper, leaving no doubts about the species identity. The type localities (“between Persenk – Chwoina” and “Assenowgrad, Kuru dere”) of P. rodopensis both lie in the Western Rhodopes, our record extending considerably its current range by approximately 120-150 km in eastern direction. Melaphe vestita (C.L. Koch, 1847) GR: “bei Badoma (bei Dedeagaи) [= Alexandroupoli]” (type locality of M. vestita thracia (Verhoeff, 1926) =? M. thrax thrax (Brandt, 1841), VERHOEFF, 1926: 202); Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 240), 20 km W of Alexandroupoli, Essimi, Makri (STRASSER, 1976: 589). Metonomastus pomak Golovatch et Stoev, 2004 BG: Kodja Kaya Cave near Belopolyane (GOLOVATCH & STOEV, 2004: 199).
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Metonomastus sp. BG: 2 ††, ‡, Ivaylovgrad Distr., Dolno Lukovo Village, Prilepova dupka Cave, under stones, clay, guano, 23.04.1999, B. Petrov leg. Note: It seems it is a new, yet undescribed, species of Metonomastus. The scarcity of material does not allow more exact statement about its taxonomical status. Chordeumatida Anamastigona bilselii (Verhoeff, 1940) GR: Kallidhea Mt., 7 km N of Essimi (STRASSER, 1976: 590). Kelempekia martensi Strasser, 1974 GR: Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 244). Callipodida Balkanopetalum petrovi Stoev et Enghoff, 2003 BG: Samara and Aina-Ini (Ogledalnata Peshtera) caves near Ribino, Zlatnata Yama (= Kremenskata Peshtera) Cave near Kremen (Akcha), mine gallery on the road near Krun. Note: Another congener, B. graecum, was described from two caves in the Greek Rhodopi close to the studied region, but outside its geographical boundary (cf. STOEV & ENGHOFF, 2003). Dorypetalum bulgaricum Strasser, 1966 BG: Ivaylovgrad (type locality!, STRASSER, 1966: 349; 1969: 146); Kostino (STRASSER, 1973: 429); DELTSHEV et al., 1998: 147. New record: ad. ‡, subad., Svilengrad Distr., Mezek Village, foot of Gorata Ridge, 200 m, oak litter and under bark, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg. Note: With a single female and a juvenile at hand the new record is quite tentative, although Mezek is situated only 30 km (in a straight line) north of the type locality. Julida *Proteroiulus fuscus (Am Stein, 1857) BG: 65 adult and juv. ‡‡, Madzharovo, deserted mine gallery near the road to Momina Skala Hut, 12.5.1996, B. Petrov leg., H. Enghoff det., November, 2001. Note: Until the present day this widespread European species was unknown on Bulgarian territory (but see BLOWER, 1985: 107). No males were found in the examined material, which indicates that in the country it is probably a parthenogenetic species. I recently found another sample of P. fuscus (11 females, village of Tserovo, Svoge Distr., Vodnata peshtera Cave, rotten log and clay, 24.7.1997, B. Petrov & L. Prekrutov leg.) in the collection of the NMNHS. *Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoeff, 1897) BG: ad. †, Krumovgrad Distr., between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. Megaphyllum hercules (Verhoeff, 1901) BG: Kardjali (STRASSER, 1966: 358). GR: Alexandroupoli-Essimi-Makri (STRASSER, 1976: 608).
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P. STOEV Megaphyllum rossicum strandschanum (Verhoeff, 1937) BG: Kardjali (STRASSER, 1973: 444; DELTSHEV et al., 1998: 148). GR: 20 km W of Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1976: 617).
Megaphyllum transsylvanicum (Verhoeff, 1897) GR: Kallidhea Mt., 7 km N of Essimi, between Alexandroupoli and Essimi (STRASSER, 1976: 608). Megaphyllum unilineatum (C.L. Koch, 1838) BG: Spahievo (Siipeli), “Ak-bunarskite lozya” (JURINICH, 1904: 38); Kardjali (STRASSER, 1966: 358). New record: ad. †, Krumovgrad Distr., between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. Pachyiulus cattarensis (Latzel, 1884) BG: Kardjali (STRASSER, 1966: 361). Pachyiulus varius (Fabricius, 1781) = P. flavipes (C.L. Koch, 1847) GR: “Badona [sic!] bei Dede-Agatsch [= Alexandroupoli]” (VERHOEFF, 1926: 208); Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 281). Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina (Strasser, 1966) BG: Hasarskata Peshtera Cave near Gorna Snezhinka (type locality!), Tilki-Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa (STRASSER, 1966: 362; BERON & GUÉORGUIEV, 1967: 164; BERON, 1994: 39); DELTSHEV et al., 1998: 148. Rhodopiella beroni (Strasser, 1966) Mesoiulus (?) [sic !] bulgaricus Gulička, 1967 syn. n. Apfelbeckiella sp.: BERON, 1994: 39; STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 92. BG: Mezek (GULIČKA, 1967: 5, type locality of M. bulgaricus; DELTSHEV et al., 1998: 148); Popsko (STRASSER, 1973: 448); Karangil Cave near Shiroko Pole (BERON, 1994: 39; STOEV & RIBAROV, 1995: 92). New records: several †† and ‡‡, Kardjali Distr., Madrets Village, Maarata Cave, 9-10.10.1995, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; †, 7 ‡‡, Shiroko Pole Village, Karangil Cave, IV.1992, B. Petrov leg.; 4 ad. ‡‡, Krumovgrad Distr., Oreshari Village, Gouk-in (Razklonenata Peshtera) Cave, 21.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg.; same locality, several †† and ‡‡, 12.6.1999, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. (MNHN, Paris); 3 ad. ‡‡, 27.4.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 4 ad. ††, 2 ad. ‡‡, Momchilgrad Distr., Kremen (Akcha) Village, Zlatnata Yama Cave, 27.4.1996, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg. GR: Koufovouno Cave near Koufovouno (BERON, in prep.). Note: Reading the very short and uninformative description of M. bulgaricus (GULIČKA, 1967), I was intrigued by the absence of ocelli in his material, which was taken from outside habitats and not from a cave. If it was an endogeic form, then it should be found either in our numerous soil samples in the region of Mezek (the type locality) or in some of the investigated caves in the Eastern Rhodopes. Since this is not the case, I checked for a morphologically similar form that might represent the same
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species. STRASSER (1966) described Apfelbeckiella (Rhodopiella) beroni from Erkjuprija near Mostovo in the Western Rhodopes and later (1973) added a new record from Popsko in the Eastern Rhodopes. MRŠIĆ (1993) reported it from the Ograzhden Mt. in the Republic of Macedonia and BERON (in prep.) – from Koufovouno Cave in North Greece. All these records prove the existence of a widespread endogeic pachyiulid, which also maintains cave populations. The very detailed drawings of male gonopods provided by STRASSER (1966), and the new material at hand, leave no doubt that Rhodopiella beroni is identical with M. bulgaricus, the latter apparently being its junior synonym, syn. n. Long treated as a subgenus of Apfelbeckiella Verhoeff, 1901, Rhodopiella is now given a rank of a genus (MAURIÈS, 1982). Ommatoiulus sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 41). Leptoiulus trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847) BG: Gorna Snezhinka (STRASSER, 1966: 351). New records: ad. †, Krumovgrad Distr., between Avren and Strazhets, 24.4.1995, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; 2 ad. ††, ad. ‡, several juveniles, Madjarovo Distr., Gorata Ridge, Gluhite Kamani above Dabovets Village, oak litter, 550 m, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg.; 2 ad. ††, 2 ad. ‡‡, Kardjali Distr., Konevo Village, Quercus forest, leaf litter, 10.10.1995, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. GR: Kelempék Mt. near Alexandroupoli (STRASSER, 1974: 261), between Alexandroupoli and Essimi (STRASSER, 1976: 604). Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport, 1842) BG: Spahievo (Siipeli) (JURINICH, 1904: 40). Note: JURINICH (1904) first reported this species from Bulgaria (sub fallax Meinert) and LANG (1958) subsequently added new records. However, it was omitted in STRASSER’s (1966) critical list of the Bulgarian millipedes.
Discussion The myriapods (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) reported from the eastern part of the Rhodopi massif count 63 species and subspecies. The centipedes are 38, while millipedes only 25. The lesser number of the latter can only be explained with the inadequate investigation of the group there. Many new species are still to be found in the region, highly diverse in terms of geological history, climate and vegetation, known to support high species endemism. In our case, local (Rhodopean) endemics are Harpolithobius banaticus rhodopensis, Polydesmus rodopensis, Metonomastus pomak, Kelempekia martensi, Balkanopetalum petrovi, Dorypetalum bulgaricum and Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina. Some species (e.g. L. castaneus, L. (Sigibius) vizicae, Glomeris pustulata, Ophyiulus pilosus, etc.) are known from a single or outdated records and their presence there should be either confirmed in future or deleted from the species’ list. The existence of L. tricuspis is not certain since it was reported from the “Thracean region” without exact locality (RIBAROV, 1996). The taxonomic status of several species warrants more precise study (e.g. the groups of L.
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(Sigibius) apfelbecki - reiseri, C. flavidus - polytrichus, L. schuleri - erythrocephalus – borisi and T. costata - rotundata). It deserves mentioning that some of the species (e.g. Lithobius vizicae, Bothriogaster signata, Henia porosa, Trachysphaera rotundata), although not yet found in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes, are potential dwellers there.
Acknowledgments I thank Prof. Dr. H. Enghoff (Copenhagen) for identifying some of the julids reported here and Mr. Boyan Petrov for entrusting me a collection of Myriapoda from the Eastern Rhodopes for my study.
References ARTHUR W., FODDAI D., KETTLE C., LEWIS J. G. E., LUCZYNSKI M., MINELLI A. 2001. Analysis of segment number and enzyme variation in a centipede reveals a cryptic species, Geophilus easoni n. sp., and raises questions about speciation. – Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 74: 489-499. ARTHUR W., JOHNSTONE J., KETTLE C. 2002. Ecological and behavioral characteristics of Geophilus easoni Arthur et al. and Geophilus carpophagus Leach. – Bull. Brit. Myriapod and Isopod Group, 18: 26-32. ATTEMS C. G. 1902. Myriapoden von Kreta, nebst Beiträgen zur allgemeinen Kenntnis einiger Gattungen. – SB Ak. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Kl., 3: 527-614. ATTEMS C. G. 1903. Synopsis der Geophiliden. – Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 18: 155-302, Taf. 12-16. ATTEMS C. G. 1929. Myriapoda. Geophilomorpha. Das Tierreich, 52. W. de Gruyter & Co., Berline, Leipzig, 23, 388 p., 308 f. BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles Bulgares. – Série Tranteeva, Sofia, Edition de la Fédération bulgare de Spéléologie, 137 p. BERON P. In preparation. Faune cavernicole de la Grèce. – Série Tranteeva, 3. BERON P., GUÉORGUIEV V. 1967. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie II. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques de 1961 à 1965. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 24: 151-212. BLOWER G. 1985. Millipedes. Keys and notes for the identification of the species. Linnean Society Synopses of the British fauna (New Series), Number 35, E.J. Brill / Dr W. Bachuys, London, 1-242. DELTSHEV C., ANDREEV S., BLAGOEV G., GOLEMANSKY V., MILOJKOVA G., PENEVA V., DOBREV D., TODOROV M., HUBENOV Z. 1998. Invertebrates (Non-Insecta) in Bulgaria. – In: Meine C. Ed. Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity; Conservation Status and Needs Assessment., 1-2: 109-161. GOLOVATCH S., STOEV P. 2004. A new species of the millipede genus Metonomastus Attems, 1937 from a cave in the Eastern Rhodopi Mountains, Bulgaria, with some remarks on its congeners (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae). – In: Beron P. & Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 199-205. GULIČKA J. 1967. Neue und interessante Diplopoden aus Bulgarien. – Annot. Zool. Bot., Bratislava, 39: 1-9. JURINICH S. 1904. A contribution to the Bulgarian fauna of Myriapoda. – Sbornik za narodni umotvoreniya, nauka i kniznina, 20: 1-44. (In Bulgarian). KACZMAREK J. 1969. Beiträge zur Kenntnis bulgarischer Chilopoden. Teil I. – Bull. Soc. Amis Sc., Poznan, Sér. D, 9: 263-277. KACZMAREK J. 1970. Beiträge zur Kenntniz bulgarischer Chilopoden. Teil III. – Bull. Soc. Amis Sc., Poznan, Sér. D, 11: 81-89. KANELLIS A. 1959. Die Chilopodenfauna Griechenlands. – Scientific Annals of the Society of Physics and Mathematics, University of Thessaloniki, 1: 1-56. LANG J. 1958. Diplopoda z bulharských sběrů Dr M. Kunsta. – Vestn. Českoslov. Zool. Spol., Praha, 22 (1): 34-44. LIGNAU N. 1903. Die Myriopoden der Pontus-Küsten von Caucasus. – Mém. Soc. Naturalists de la NouvelleRussie (Odessa), 25 (1): 82-148, 3 pl. (In Russian).
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MATIC Z., STAVROPOULOS G. 1988. Contribution à la connaissance des Chilopodes de Grèce. – Biol. Gallohell., 14 (1): 33-46. MATIC Z., STAVROPOULOS G. 1990. Nouvelles contributions à l’étude de la faune de Chilopodes (Chilopoda) de Grèce. I. – Biol. Gallo-hell., 17 (1): 27-36. MAURIÈS J.-P. 1982. Dolichoiulus tongiorgii (Strasser), Diplopode halophile nouveau pour la faune de France. Remarques sur la classification des Pachyiulini (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Iulida). – Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, 4e sér., 4 (3-4): 433-444. MRŠIĆ N. 1993. The fauna of diplopods (Diplopoda) of Macedonia. – Razprave IV. Razreda SAZU, 34 (2): 19-44. RIBAROV G. 1989. On some Chilopoda species (Myriapoda) published by S. Jurinich and K. Verhoeff. – Hist. Nat. Bulg., 1: 34-35. RIBAROV G. 1996. Check-list, distribution and habitat in Bulgarian centipedes. – In: Geoffroy J.J., Mauriès J.P., Nguyen Duy-Jaquemin M. (eds.). Acta Myriapodologica. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., 169: 235-241. STAVROPOULOS G., MATIC Z. 1990. Nouvelles contributions à l’ étude de la faune de Chilopodes (Chilopoda) de Grèce. II. – Biol. Gallo-hell., 17 (1): 37-47. STOEV P. 1997. A check-list of the centipedes of the Balkan Peninsula with some taxonomic notes and a complete bibliography (Chilopoda). – Entomol. Scand., Suppl., 51: 87-105. STOEV P. 2001. A synopsis of Bulgarian cave centipedes (Chilopoda). – Arthropoda Selecta, 10 (1): 31-54. STOEV P. 2002a. A Catalogue and Key to the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Bulgaria. Pensoft Publishers, SofiaMoscow, 103 p. STOEV P. 2002b. The scutigeromorphs (Chilopoda: Scutigeromorpha) in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. – Hist. Nat. Bulg., 15: 79-85. STOEV P. 2004. Centipedes (Chilopoda) from Greece in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. – Hist. Nat. Bulg., 16: 81-88. STOEV P., ENGHOFF H. 2003. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of genus Balkanopetalum Verhoeff, 1926 (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). – Zootaxa, 272: 1-26. STOEV P., RIBAROV G. 1995. Contribution to the study of cave Myriapoda from Bulgaria. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 48: 89-96. STRASSER K. 1966. Über Diplopoden Bulgariens. – Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 23 (12): 325-385. STRASSER K. 1969. Über Diplopoden Bulgariens, II. – Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 27 (7): 133-168. STRASSER K. 1973. Über Diplopoden Bulgariens, III. – Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 30 (15): 411-470. STRASSER K. 1974. Über Diplopoda – Chilognatha Griechenlands. – Revue suisse Zool., 81 (1): 219-300. STRASSER K. 1976. Über Diplopoda – Chilognatha Griechenlands, II. – Revue suisse Zool., 83 (3): 579-645. VERHOEFF K. 1926. Ueber einige von Dr. I. Buresch in Bulgarien gesammelte Diplopoden. 2. Aufsatz. – Mitt. Bulg. ent. Ges. Sofia, 3: 193-210. VERHOEFF K. 1928. Ueber Chilopoden aus Bulgarien gesammelt aus Dr. Iw. Buresch. (I. Aufsatz). – Mitt. Bulg. entom. Ges., Sofia, 4: 115-124. ZAPPAROLI M. 1984. Note su alcune specie del gen. Eupolybothrus della fauna di Grecia (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha). – Fragm. Entomol., Roma, 17 (2): 195-209. ZAPPAROLI M. 1994. Note tassonomiche e faunistiche su Chilopodi della Grecia (Chilopoda). – Fragm. Entomol., Roma, 26 (1): 11-66. ZAPPAROLI M. 2002. A Catalogue of the centipedes from Greece (Chilopoda). – Fragm. Entomol., Roma, 34 (1): 1-146. ZAPPAROLI M., MINELLI A. 1993. Note tassonomische, corologiche ed ecologiche sulle specie del genere Pleurolithobius Verhoeff, 1899 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha). – Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat. Torino, 11 (2): 331-345.
Author’s address: Pavel Stoev National Museum of Natural History, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
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Обобщават се всички литературни данни за многоножките от класовете Chilopoda и Diplopoda в Източните Родопи и се добавят нови, основани на материали от колекцията на НПМ. С настоящото изследване общият брой на видовете достига 64, от които 38 хилоподи и 26 диплоподи. Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 и Proteroiulus fuscus (Am Stein, 1857) са нови за фауната на България. Осем вида (отбелязани в текста) се намират за първи път в тази част на страната. Mesoiulus bulgaricus Gulička, 1967 е сведен в синоним на Rhodopiella beroni (Strasser, 1966).
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Milen MARINOV
Marinov M. 2004. Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 221-235. Abstract. A thorough review is done of the odonatological information compiled until now on the Eastern Rhodopes. A total of 46 dragonfly species from 118 finding places is given. These are about 92% of the expected 50 species, which undoubtedly use the region for reproduction, maturity or during migration. At least 8 other species could be found as accidental immigrants from the neighbor territories. Short zoogeographical analysis is made and a characterization of the most important habitats for preserving Odonata populations is given, too. Key words: Odonata, checklist, habitats, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece
Chronological review of the investigations Special regional odonatological investigations of the Eastern Rhodopes region have never been carried out. With few exceptions the compiled information from both the Bulgarian and Greek parts of the mountain is a result of research done in vast geographical areas. BESCHOVSKI (1964) summarized the up to day available odonatological information for South Bulgaria and is the first to give data about the dragonfly species from the Bulgarian part of the region – a total of 8. This faunistic review is based almost entirely on larvae collected by the author or given to him after hydrobiological investigations carried out within the region. The results of the last one are summarized in RUSSEV (1964, 1966), too. He gives some additional finding places for the region and its neighbor territories and also adds a new species for the territory. This larvae collection served as material for the later ecological classification of the Odonata species for the country (BESCHOVSKI, 1967, 1968), where the already known finding places are mentioned again. A team of hydrobiologists published data from the investigations carried out along the Maritsa River valley (RUSSEV et al., 1981; UZUNOV et al., 1981). The region is outside the Eastern Rhodopes borders. It is given here as some of the species typical for the Maritsa River (as Gomphus flavipes) probably use the Eastern Rhodopes territory as maturity place and could be found within the region in the near future.
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In their distribution atlas LOPAU & WENDLER (1995) summarize the big amount of information on Greece gathered so far . It is plotted on individual dotted maps. They do not specify the location of each finding place, but provide some details in the comments checklist. A total of 22 dragonfly species from the Greek part of the mountain are reported, as 17 of them are new for the Eastern Rhodopes territory. The research of KAPPES & KAPPES (1995) contributes one new finding place from one of the southernmost territories. After their investigations in a large area in NE Greece, SCHNAPAUFF et al. (1996) collected data from new places within the region and added a new Odonata species to the Eastern Rhodopes checklist. Four new species were added by MARINOV (1997). After this period the information gathered by the same author is based on accidental visits within the region. They were made mostly along the Arda River valley between Studen Kladenest - Madjarovo and along the lines connecting the town of Madjarovo with the towns of Haskovo and Lyubimets. In the second case the data were collected from stagnant waters mainly. There are some collections gathered along the line between the towns of Zlatograd – Momchilgrad – Krumovgrad - Ivaylovgrad. Some parts of the Byala Reka River valley, the stagnant basins situated SW of the town Krumovgrad and those N of the town of Kardjali are poorly studied. There is no data on the rest of the wetlands within the Bulgarian part of the region. Some of these results are published and given below together with a short note about the main contributions: 1. MARINOV (1999) – 1 new species; 2. МARINOV (unpubl.) – review of the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes Odonata fauna in relation to its being declared a Nature Park: 36 species, as 10 are new for the region; 3. MARINOV (2001a) – includes a known finding place in a taxonomic revision; 4. MARINOV (2001b) – describes a new dragonfly species from the Eastern Rhodopes region; 5. MARINOV (2001c) – new finding places of the previously known species. Two consecutive articles on Greece, which also had to do with the Eastern Rhodopes, were published almost simultaneously (LOPAU, 1999, 2000). They contain information on 14 and 32 dragonfly species respectively, as one of them (in LOPAU, 2000) is new for the region. The latest published information about the region is found in BOUDOT (2001). In his review on the genus Cordulegaster the author gives distribution maps for most of the species, which belong to this group. The location of the finding places is not stated, but the map of previously known species clearly covers the Eastern Rhodopes region. Very intensive research was carried out within the Greek part of the mountain by a group of German specialists led by Dr. B. Grebe. Their results are in preparation, but were given for the purposes of this publication. One species new for the Eastern Rhodopes is found in their checklist. As a result a total of 45 species is published up to now. Here, one new species is added to the Eastern Rhodopes checklist. The biggest gap in our knowledge of the odonatological research is the complete lack of investigations on the species ecology and biology.
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Material and methods The material was collected on the basis of a thorough review of the literature published until now and sporadic visits to the region. The finding places are given with their individual number according to the list below. The species were identified in the field and released afterwards. No representative collection was prepared. Only few specimens, belonging to little known species, were kept and given to the National Museum of Natural Sciences – Sofia for storage. Additional information was obtained thanks to different investigators, who provided materials from their researchwithin the region. Their names are given in the Acknowledgments. The zoogeographical analysis is based on BESCHOVSKI (1994). Short information about the most important dragonfly habitats is given. It is only a brief preliminary evaluation of the places significant for the completion of dragonfly life cycles and it is done because of the very high nature conservation value of the region.
Finding places Bulgaria 1. Tributary of Varbitsa River about 10 km NE of the town of Djebel (41o33’N; 25o23’E): 17.5.1999, 4.6.1999, Marinov leg. 2. Arda River by the town of Kardjali (41o39’N; 25o22’E): 21.5.1994, Marinov leg. 3. River N of the village of Karamantsi (41o51’N; 25o20’E): 16.5.1999, Marinov leg. 4. Microdam on the road between the village of Gorski Izvor and the town of Kardjali at the turn to the village of Kolets (41o51’N; 25o20’E): 16.5.1999, Marinov leg. 5. Reservoir S of the village of Susam (41o57’N; 25o21’E): 16.5.1999, Marinov leg. 6. Sredna Arda Railway Station near the village of Perperek (41o41’N; 25o33’E): 5.7.1999, Simov leg. 7. Rivulet within the borders of the Valchi Dol Reserve above the village of Studen Kladenets (41o37’N; 25o39’E): 3.8.1997, Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; 23.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 8. Floods of the Arda River by the village of Studen Kladenets (41o36’N; 25o39’E): 24.4.1990, Kodjabashev leg.; 12.5.1992, Marinov, Marin leg.; 12-13.5.1994, 20.5.1994, Marinov leg.; 23.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 9. Litothelm between the villages of Studen Kladenets and Potochnitsa about 1 km E of the village of Studen Kladenets (41o36’N; 25o39’E): 22.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 10. Microdam below the village of Potochnitsa (41o36’N; 25o40’E): 20.5.1994, Marinov leg. 11. Pine forest below the village of Potochnitsa (41o36’N; 25o40’E): 20.5.1994, Marinov leg. 12. Village of Potochnitsa by the artificial platform for vulture feeding (41o35’N; 25o39’E): 28.8.1998, Marinov leg. 13. Rivulet crossing the road Kardjali - Lyaskovets at the turn to the village of Patnikovo (41o42’N; 25o39’E): 20.5.1994, Marinov leg. 14. Arda River by the bridge between the villages of Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari (41o37’N; 25o44’E): 3.8.1997, Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; MARINOV (1999). 15. Rivulet crossing the road between the villages of Silen and Dolno Cherkovishte about 2 km N of the bridge over the Arda River (41o37’N; 25o43’E): 21.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 16. Rivulet in a gully below the village of Oreshari (41o36’N; 25o44’E): 9.9.1998, Marinov, Avramov, Vassilev leg. 17. Reservoir S of the village of Madjari (41o40’N; 25o43’E): 22.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 18. Rivulet E of the village of Topolovo (41o41’N; 25o47’E): 22.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 19. Reservoir by the village of Vodentsi (41o41’N; 25o41’E): 20.5.1994, Marinov leg. 20. Rivulet about 1 km N of the village of Dolno Botevo (41o45’N; 25o43’E): 21.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 21. Microdams between the villages of Dolno Botevo and Silen (the lowest microdam) (41o44’N; 25o43’E): 28.8.1998, Marinov, Avramov leg.; 23.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 22. Microdams between the villages of Dolno Botevo and Silen (the middle microdam) (41o44’N; 25o43’E): 28.8.1998, Marinov, Avramov leg.; 23.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg.
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23. Reservoir on the road Krumovgrad – Ivaylovgrad about 30 km NE of the town of Krumovgrad (41o33’N; 25o54’E): 20-21.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 24. Arda river by the town of Madjarovo (41o39’N; 25o52’E): 19.5.1994, 26.8.1998, Marinov leg.; 24.8.1998, Schönbächler leg. 25. Reservoir on the road Madjarovo – Harmanli about 8 km N of the town of Madjarovo (41o40’N; 25o50’E): 19.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 26. Malaise trap by the Nature Conservation Center Eastern Rhodopes, Madjarovo (41o39’N; 25o52’E): 29.4.20.5.2001, Eturska leg. 27. Malaise trap about 2 km NE of the town of Madjarovo, 160 m away from the Arda river bank (41o39’N; 25o52’E): 20-28.5.2001, Eturska leg. 28. Three microdams by the road Madjarovo – Harmanli about 4 km N of the village of Dolni Glavanak (41o42’N; 25o50’E): 21.5.1999, Marinov leg. 29. Microdam about 2 km W of the village of Borislavtsi (41o40’N; 25o55’E): 29.7.1999, Marinov leg. 30. Reservoir by the road Madjarovo – Harmanli about 25 km S of the town of Harmanli (41o46’N; 25o51’E): 21.5.1999, Marinov leg. 31. Rivulet crossing the road Madjarovo – Harmanli about 10 km S of the town of Harmanli (41o52’N; 25o53’E): 23.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg. 32. Arda Hut; 26.4.1990, Kodjabashev leg. 33. Karatarla River by the village of Kamilski Dol (41o36’N; 26o04’E): BESCHOVSKI (1964, 1968); RUSSEV (1964). 34. Zlatogradska River S of the town of Zlatograd (41o23’N; 25o06’E): BESCHOVSKI (1964). 35. Varbitsa River by the village of Preseka (41o23’N; 25o11’E): 18.5.1999, Marinov leg. 36. Swamp by the village of Yanino (41o23’N; 25o18’E): BESCHOVSKI (1964, 1968). 37. Village of Ustren (41o28’N; 25o14’E): 4.6.1999, Marinov leg. 38. Varbitsa River by the village of Podkova (41o24’N; 25o24’E): RUSSEV (1964). 39. Floods by the village of Plazishte (41o32’N; 25o20’E): 17.5.1999, Marinov leg. 40. Resevoir by the village of Valkovich (41o32’N; 25o20’E): 17.5.1999, Marinov leg. 41. Reservoir by the village of Pashintsi (41o21’N; 25o31’E): 19.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 42. Reservoir by the village of Tokachka (41o23’N; 25o32’E): 19.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 43. Reservoir by the village of Zvezdel (41o29’N; 25o31’E): 19.5.1999, Marinov leg. 44. Reservoir by the village of Piyavets (Bodka) (41o29’N; 25o27’E): 19.5.1999, Marinov leg. 45. Deli Osman Dere River by the Gemeler suburb of the village of Kandilka (41o25’N; 25o36’E): 21.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 46. Microdam below the Gemeler suburb of the village of Kandilka (41o25’N; 25o36’E): 19.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 47. Parangla Deresi River by the Gemeler suburb of the village of Kandilka (41o25’N; 25o36’E): 21.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 48. Krumovitsa River by the village of Gorna Kula (41o28’N; 25o40’E): 25.8.1998, Marinov leg. 49. Krumovitsa River by the village of Dolna Kula (41o28’N; 25o40’E): 25.8.1998, Marinov leg. 50. Small river by the village of Dolna Kula, a tributary of the Krumovitsa River (41o28’N; 25o40’E): 25.8.1998, Marinov leg. 51. Iran-Tepe (Rhodopes) – a pool (41o30’N; 25o44’E): BESCHOVSKI (1964, 1968). 52. Deimin Dere River SW of the village of Byal Gradets (41o25’N; 25o54’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg.; 28.7.1999, Marinov leg.; 20.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg.; 22.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg.; MARINOV (2001b). 53. Floods of the Byala Reka River by the village of Gugutka (41o25’N; 25o55’E): 20.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg.; MARINOV (2001b). 54. Microdam by the road Krumovgrad – Ivaylovgrad at the turn to the village of Planinets (41o31’N; 25o55’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 55. River about 5 km N of the village of Gugutka (41o26’N; 25o57’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg.; 20.5.2000, Marinov, Michov leg. 56. Reservoir above the village of Gugutka (41o26’N; 25o57’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 57. Byala Reka River by the village of Meden Buk (41o22’N; 26o02’E): 24.8.1998, Marinov leg.; 26-27.8.1998, Schönbächler leg. 58. Reservoir of the village of Zhelezino (41o29’N; 25o57’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg. 59. Microdam by the road Krumovgrad – Ivaylovgrad about 1,5 km E of the turn to the village of Planinets (41o31’N; 25o57’E): 20.5.1999, Marinov, Christozova leg.; 22.6.2000, Marinov, Grebe leg.
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225
60. Kobilina spring (41o30’N; 26o00’E): BESCHOVSKI (1964, 1968). 61. Village of Dolno Lukovo (41o22’N; 26o05’E): 5.11.1999, Beshkov, Vassilev, Petrov leg.
Greece 62. Rivulet 1,7 km NNE Giannóuli (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 63. Rivulet 4 km SW Giannóuli (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 64. Small lake 7,5 km NNE Giannóuli (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 65. River in Protokklísi (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 66. Microdam 6 km S Protokklísi (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 67. Small lake 2 km S Protokklísi (41o10’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 68. River in Míkro Dério (41o10’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 69. River 0,5 km E Míkro Dério (41o10’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 70. Waste waters 6 km SSW Míkro Dério (41o10’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 71. Rivulet 2 km WSW Potermá (41o10’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (2000). 72. River 1 km S Potermá (41o10’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (2000). 73. River W Pándrossos (41o10’N, 25o20’E): LOPAU (2000). 74. River 1 km N Dadiá (41o00’N, 26o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 75. River 16 km SW Dadiá (41o00’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 76. River 20 km SW Dadiá (41o00’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 77. River 5 km ENE Néa Sánta (41o00’N, 25o50’E): LOPAU (2000). 78. Small lake 16 km ENE Néa Sánta (41o00’N, 25o50’E): LOPAU (2000). 79. Spring with small lake 26 km ENE Néa Sánta (41o00’N, 25o50’E): LOPAU (2000). 80. River in Néa Sánta (41o00’N, 25o40’E): LOPAU (2000). 81. River in Gratiní (41o00’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (2000). 82. River Makropуtamos 3 km E Omikró (41o00’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (2000). 83. Reservoir 1 km N Gratiní (41o00’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (2000). 84. River Kompsátos 1 km NW Políantho (41o00’N, 25o10’E): LOPAU (2000). 85. Rivulet 6 km N Loutrós (40o50’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 86. River 2 km S Loutrós (40o50’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 87. Small lake 8 km N Loutrós (40o50’N, 26o00’E): LOPAU (2000). 88. River 1 km E Chamiló (40o50’N, 25o40’E): LOPAU (1999). 89. River in Ávastal N Ávas (40o50’N, 25o50’E): LOPAU (1999). 90. Rivulet 4 km ENE Krovíli (40o50’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (1999). 91. Rivulet in Kírki (40o50’N, 25o40’E): LOPAU (1999). 92. Rivulet 1 km W Krovíli (40o50’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (1999). 93. Spring 3 km N Marónia (40o50’N, 25o30’E): LOPAU (1999). 94. Loutros River by the bridge over the town of Loutros, in a tributary of a dried rivulet (40°58’N, 26°02’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 95. Loutros River few km from the town of Loutros by the mouth of a tributary (40°54’N, 26°03’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 96. Loutros River by a railway bridge about 4 km SE of the town of Loutros (40°51’N, 26°08’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 97. Rivulet by the entrance to the town of Feres, between the exit of the town and the city wall (40°54’N, 16°10’): GREBE et al. (in press). 98. Mega Rema by Pessani bridge, 6 km W of the village of Virini on the road from the town of Loutros to Dadia (41°04’N, 26°04’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 99. Mountain spring S of Pessani a tributary to Mega Rema (41°05’N, 26°05’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 100. Mega Rema River by a dam on the Ardani – Itea route by the exit from Kavisos (40°57’N, 26°12’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 101. Provatonas River by a bridge between Lefkimi and the town of Provatonas (41°02’N, 26°14’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 102. Provatonas River 1 km S of the town of Provatonas close to the road Alexandroupolis – Soufli (41°02’N, 26°15’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 103. Diavolorema River below the road Dadia – Kotronia by the Kotronia crossroad about 8 km W of Dadia (41°09’N, 26°09’E): GREBE et al. (in press).
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104. Diavolorema River by the mouth of a small mountain spring at the curve of the road about 3,5 km WNW of Dadia (41°09’N, 26°11’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 105. Diavolorema River by the bridge of the road Dadia – Gianouli (41°09’N, 26°13’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 106. Mountain spring by the WWF-Station in Dadia (41°08’N, 26°13’E): SCHNAPAUFF et al. (1996); GREBE et al. (in press). 107. Small river close to the WWF-Station in Dadiá (41°0’N, 26°1’E): SCHNAPAUFF et al. (1996). 108. Small river with a lake close to the WWF-Station in Dadiá (41°0’N, 26°1’E): SCHNAPAUFF et al. (1996). 109. Dried river N of Dadiá (41°0’N, 26°1’E): SCHNAPAUFF et al. (1996). 110. Rivulet on the Soufli – Gianouli route, 1,5 km from Ginaouli (41°14’N, 26°12’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 111. River by Protoklisi an area between Protoklisi und Kiriaki about 2 km from Kiriaki (41°18’N, 26°12’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 112. Erithropotamos over the bridge on the Avdela – Polia route on the bank of Polia (41°28’N, 26°13’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 113. Small lake with rainwater on the road Loutros – Dadia E of Patara (41°00’N, 26°03’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 114. Cattle watering place SW of Katratzides (41°07’N, 26°08’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 115. Small lake with rainwater in a lowland NW of Lefkimi on the road between Lefkimi and the Virini – Kapsalo junction (41°02’N, 26°11’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 116. Lake in a quarry on the Mikro Derlo – Metaxades route 8 km from Metaxades (41°23’N, 26°10’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 117. Fish farm on the road from Gianouli 1 km after the junction Soufli – Metaxades – Gianouli (41°14’N, 26°13’E): GREBE et al. (in press). 118. Avas Valley N of Alexandroupolis between Avas and Essimi (40°59’N, 25°54’E): KAPPES & KAPPES (1995).
Checklist A complete checklist of the presently known Odonata fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is given below. Short reference information is added too. Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 7 (Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 14; 20; 39; 45; 52 (Marinov leg.; MARINOV, 2001b); 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 59 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 69; 71; 76; 89; 99; 103; 106 (SCHNAPAUFF et al., 1996); 110; 118. Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 14; 18; 20; 24 (Marinov leg.); 31; 35; 39; 45; 49; 52 (Marinov leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 57 (Marinov leg.); 62; 63; 65; 68; 71; 72; 73; 74; 76; 77; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 94; 95; 98; 100; 103; 105; 109; 110; 111; 112; 117; 118. Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) 7 (Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 71; 72; 73; 80; 81; 83; 84; 103; 104. Chalcolestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) 14 (MARINOV, 1999); 52 (MARINOV, 2001b). Chalcolestes parvidens (Artobolevski, 1929) 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 86; 96; 100; 101; 102; 115.
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227
Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 29; 33 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964; RUSSEV, 1964); 46; 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 96; 113; 114; 115; 116. Lestes virens (Charpentier, 1825) 18; 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.). Lestes macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836) 96. Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890 4; 10 (1 †, 2 ‡‡); 21 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 28; 46; 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 70; 87; 96; 117. Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden, 1820) 8 (Marinov, Marin leg.); 17; 28; 30; 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 96; 98; 101. Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 3; 5; 6 (1 †, 1 ‡); 9; 7 (Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 15; 14; 17; 18; 19; 20; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 23; 24 (Marinov leg.); 27; 31; 32 (2 ‡‡); 33 (RUSSEV, 1964; BESCHOVSKI, 1964); 35; 38; 39; 45; 53 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 52 (Marinov leg.; MARINOV, 2001b); 55 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 57 (Marinov leg.; Schönbächler leg.); 58; 62; 63; 65; 66; 68; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 80; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106 (SCHNAPAUFF et al., 1996); 108; 109; 110; 111; 112; 117; 118. Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer, 1776) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 3; 8 (3 ††, 1 ‡, Kodjabashev leg.; 1 ‡, Marinov, Marin leg.; 5 ††, 2 ‡‡, Marinov leg.); 7 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 37; 39; 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 59 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 70; 71; 90; 110. Erythromma viridulum (Charpentier, 1840) 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 83; 86; 96; 102. Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842) 11; 13 (2 ‡‡); 17; 18; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 30; 46; 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 56; 99; 102; 117. Coenagrion ornatum (Sélys, 1850) 1; 18; 23; 31; 39. Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 2 (5 ††, 1 ‡); 3; 4; 8 (1 ‡, Kodjabashev leg.; Marinov, Marin leg.); 10 (4 ††, 2 ‡‡); 7 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 17; 18; 19; 25; 28; 32 (1‡); 39; 40; 42; 44; 46; 53 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 58; 59
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M. MARINOV
(Marinov, Christozova leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 65; 66; 70; 71; 75; 76; 79; 85; 90; 97; 102; 103; 110; 114; 115; 116; 117. Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825) 51 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964, 1968); 87; 100; 102. Cercion lindeni (Sélys, 1840) 18; 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 66; 68; 76; 83; 86; 87; 90; 91; 98; 102; 103; 105; 112; 113. Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) 5; 10 (2 ††); 19; 25; 28; 42; 54; 56; 66. Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 5; 8 (Marinov, Marin leg.); 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 30; 39; 41; 50; 51 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964, 1968); 54; 58; 59 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 105; 106 (GREBE et al., in press); 111; 112; 114. Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 2 (2 ††, 1 ‡); 3; 4; 5; 8 (Marinov, Marin leg.); 7 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 14; 17; 18; 19; 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 23; 25; 26 (1 ‡); 28; 29; 30; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 46; 51 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964, 1968); 53 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 54; 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 56; 57 (Marinov leg., Schönbächler leg.); 58; 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 68; 76; 86; 87; 88; 90; 91; 92; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 100; 101; 102; 105; 109; 110; 111; 112; 113; 116; 117. Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805 LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 7 (1 †, Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.); 118. Aeshna affinis Vander Linden, 1823 LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 70; 96; 102. Aeshna isosceles (Müller, 1767) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 2; 86; 96; 102. Anax imperator Leach, 1815 LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 5; 7 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 15; 17; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 23; 25; 28; 29; 40; 46; 53 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 56; 59 (Marinov, Christozova leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 62; 66; 68; 73; 76; 83; 86; 87; 90; 94; 96; 101; 102; 103; 104; 107; 109; 114; 116; 117. Anax parthenope (Sélys, 1839) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 17; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 65; 66; 68; 71; 76; 83; 86; 87; 96; 102; 118.
Odonata
229
Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider, 1845) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 16; 20; 47; 45; 52 (Marinov leg. MARINOV, 2001b); 55 (Marinov, Christozova leg.); 62; 63; 76; 77; 89; 99; 103; 106 (SCHNAPAUFF et al., 1996; GREBE et al., in press); 118. Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758) 30; 34 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964); 72; 96; 106 (GREBE et al., in press); 112. Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 11 (1 †); 14; 15; 24 (Marinov leg.); 33 (RUSSEV, 1964); 52 (Marinov leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 57 (Marinov leg.); 68; 71; 72; 73; 76; 77; 81; 82; 86; 89; 106 (SCHNAPAUFF et al., 1996); 109; 112; 118. Cordulegaster picta Sélys, 1854 106 (SCHNAPAUFF et al., 1996; GREBE et al., in press). Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) 28; 40. Somatochlora meridionalis Nielsen, 1935 18 (MARINOV, 2001c); 52 (Marinov leg.; MARINOV, 2001b, c); 65; 76; 77. Somatochlora borisi Marinov, 2001 52 (MARINOV, 2001b, c); 53 (MARINOV, 2001b); 103; 104. Libellula fulva Müller, 1764 1; 31; 39 (6 exuv.); 62; 65; 66; 68; 70; 86; 87; 90; 96; 102. Libellula depressa (Linnaeus, 1758) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 3; 4; 5; 8 (Marinov leg.); 7 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 14; 17; 18; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 23; 25; 28; 30; 31; 33 (BESCHOVSKI, 1968); 36 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964, 1968); 37; 39; 40; 42; 46; 51 (BESCHOVSKI, 1968); 52 (Marinov, Christozova leg.; Marinov, Michov leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 54; 55 (Marinov, Michov leg.); 58; 59 (Marinov, Christozova leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 60 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964, 1968); 63; 66; 67; 68; 70; 71; 72; 73; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 83; 85; 86; 87; 89; 90; 91; 92; 93; 95; 97; 98; 101; 103; 105; 106 (GREBE et al., in press); 107; 111; 113; 114; 115; 116; 117. Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 17; 29; 30; 56; 58; 64; 66; 68; 74; 83; 86; 87; 96; 97; 102; 117. Orthetrum albistylum (Sélys, 1848) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 18; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 29; 57 (Marinov leg.); 58; 66; 74; 83; 86; 96; 102; 113.
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Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1848) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 8 (2 ††, 3 ‡‡, Marinov leg.); 7 (Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 9; 14; 18; 22 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 31; 50; 57 (Marinov leg.); 63; 68; 71; 72; 73; 75; 76; 77; 80; 81; 85; 86; 90; 92; 93; 94; 97; 106 (GREBE et al., in press); 109; 111; 112; 118. Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 2 (MARINOV, 2001a); 7 (Marinov, Beshkov, Diltchev leg.); 31; 39; 73; 105; 107; 109. Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé, 1832) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 8 (1 †, Marinov leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 17; 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 28; 29; 40; 46; 57 (Marinov leg.); 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 66; 68; 74; 86; 87; 90; 96; 101; 102; 105; 113; 114; 117. Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) 46; 61 (2 ††, 2 ‡‡); 76; 86; 96; 97; 100; 101; 102; 105; 111. Sympetrum meridionale (Sélys, 1841) 17; 21 (Marinov, Avramov leg.); 48; 57 (1 †, Schönbächler leg.); 59 (Marinov, Grebe leg.); 86; 87. Sympetrum fonscolombei (Sélys, 1840) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995); 1; 5; 12; 23; 28; 29; 41; 46; 54; 57 (1 †; Schцnbдchler leg.); 58; 86; 96; 101; 114. Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764) 22 (Marinov, Avramov leg.; Marinov, Grebe leg.); 33 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964; RUSSEV, 1964); 36 (BESCHOVSKI, 1964); 51 (BESCHOVSKI, 1968); 57 (1 †, 2 ‡‡, Schönbächler leg.); 60 (BESCHOVSKI, 1968); 66; 96; 102. Sympetrum depressiusculum (Sélys, 1841) LOPAU & WENDLER (1995). Sympetrum pedemontanum (Allioni, 1766) 24 (Schönbächler leg.); 57 (1 †, 1 ‡, Marinov leg.). Discussion Species checklist The here presented 46 dragonfly species represent 92% of the expected 50 species, which undoubtedly use the region as a territory for reproduction and maturity or during migration. Table 1 gives the names of the 4 other species, which might be found
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Table 1 Possible vagrant species to the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes Expected species Lestes sponsa Hemianax ephippiger
Gomphus flavipes Ophiogomphus cecilia
Reasons for this assumption Given with a question mark for the territory close to the SW end of the Eastern Rhodopes (LOPAU & WENDLER, 1995) The species larvae develop in the arid and semiarid areas of North Africa and after its emergence the imago enters Europe. In Bulgaria it is found mostly along the Black Sea coast and in the south part of the country. Spread along the Maritsa River. Tenerals may use the Eastern Rhodopes territory as a maturation place. Found in several places along the Maritsa River. Tenerals may use the Eastern Rhodopes as a maturation place.
in the near future. They are shown with short comments on the reasons for this assumption. Having in mind the mountainous character of the region and its proximity to the Western Rhodopes at least 8 other species (Erythromma najas, Aeshna cyanea, Cordulegaster heros, Cordulegaster bidentata, Somatochlora flavomaculata, Libelulla quadrimaculata, Sympetrum vulgatum, S. flaveolum) are expected to be found as rare immigrants from the neighboring territories. It indicates that the Eastern Rhodopes Odonata fauna could reach the number of 58 species. It is a very high percent, which clearly shows the high significance of the region for supporting dragonfly populations from these latitudes. This is due to the highly variable habitat types and the specific climatic situation in the region. Due to this we consider the region one of the best studied in Bulgaria, as far as its Odonata fauna is concerned. This conclusion is made in spite of the fact that all the investigations were done on a non-systematical basis. Zoogeographical analysis Table 2 represents the Odonata species found up to now in the Eastern Rhodopes together with their zoogeographical affiliations. From this list only the newly described Somatochlora borisi is not given with its exact position. The main reason is that the species taxonomic situation is not clear yet. A total of 25 (55.56%) of the species belong to the Eurosiberian distribution type and 20 (44.44%) – to the Mediterranean. It is expected that the here presented percent will slightly increase in favor of the Eurosiberian species. This is in accordance with the global tendency of predomination of the Eurosiberian over the Mediterranean species at these latitudes. Here this tendency is weaker compared to the situation in NE Bulgaria (Srebarna Biosphere Reserve: 64.87% : 35,14%) and higher compared to the S Black Sea coast (Poda Protected Area: 54.17% : 45.83%). This is indicative of the mountainous character of the region. In spite of its Southern situation, the altitudes of some finding places (between 350-400 m a.s.l.) seem to be suitable for occurrence of species with a more Northern type of distribution (Cordulia aenea, for example).
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Table 2 Zoogeographical affiliation of Odonata in the Eastern Rhodopes Species Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) Chalcolestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) Chalcolestes parvidens (Artobolevski, 1929) Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) Lestes virens (Charpentier, 1825) Lestes macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836) Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890 Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden, 1820) Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer, 1776) Erythromma viridulum (Charpentier, 1840) Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur, 1842) Coenagrion ornatum (Sélys, 1850) Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758) Coenagrion pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825) Cercion lindeni (Sélys, 1840) Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805 Aeshna affinis Vander Linden, 1823 Aeshna isosceles (Müller, 1767) Anax imperator Leach, 1815 Anax parthenope (Sélys, 1839) Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider, 1845) Gomphus vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758) Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cordulegaster picta Sélys, 1854 Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) Somatochlora meridionalis Nielsen, 1935 Somatochlora borisi Marinov, 2001 Libellula fulva Müller, 1764 Libellula depressa (Linnaeus, 1758) Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Orthetrum albistylum (Sélys, 1848) Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1848) Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé, 1832) Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) Sympetrum meridionale (Sélys, 1841) Sympetrum fonscolombei (Sélys, 1840) Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764) Sympetrum depressiusculum (Sélys, 1841) Sympetrum pedemontanum (Allioni, 1766)
Zoogeographical type Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Eurosiberian Mediterranean Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Mediterranean Mediterranean Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Mediterranean Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Mediterranean Eurosiberian Mediterranean Eurosiberian Mediterranean Mediterranean Eurosiberian Mediterranean Endemic species Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Mediterranean Mediterranean Mediterranean Eurosiberian Mediterranean Mediterranean Eurosiberian Eurosiberian Eurosiberian
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Important Odonata habitats The presence of the biggest rivers within the region (Maritsa, Arda, Byala Reka) together with their tributaries is of a very big importance for the habitat formation. Down stream they pass through territories of variable relief and plant structure, which is amongst the most important visual clues for habitat selection of the dragonflies (WILDERMUTH, 1994). As habitats of special significance could be pointed out those formed along the stream of the tributaries flowing on the bottom of shady gullies, whose slopes are overgrown by trees (Alnus, Populus, Salix, etc.). The river banks are vegetated too (mainly Carex spp.). Due to the steep slops of the terrain the water current is fast, but at certain places some permanent floods with almost still water are formed in the surroundings. All these are important for the support of populations of Caliaeschna microstigma, Somatochlora meridionalis, S. borisi. Cordulegaster larvae are found too. At the places where the tributaries are exposed to the sun, Epallage fatime is observed. Downstream currents close to the mouths are important for Coenagrion ornatum, Orthetrum brunneum, O. coerulescens. Temporary floods occurring in the neighboring areas form additional important habitats. They dry up during the summer. In spite of this, they are favored by the species of the genera Lestes and Sympetrum. The same species are often to be found around the shallow littoral zones of the stagnant waters. Usually they are almost completely overgrown by microphytes. The flowing vegetation communities, which develop in slowstream rivers or stagnant basins, are good for Erythromma viridulum and Anax imperator. The latter species is often found together with Aeshna isosceles, Orthetrum albistylum in the internal part of the stagnant basins where the microphytes develop in large areas and cover big water surfaces. Human activities in the region have additional high importance for the diverse habitat structure. Microdams are constructed in the vicinity of the settlements. Currently some of them are not well maintained and their banks and water surface are continuously overgrown with vegetation, creating diverse vegetation communities. This process is important for the increase of the species diversity, but it must be regularly controlled. The tree biggest dams in the region (Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad) do not have significant importance in terms of dragonflies. Usually only species of high ecological valence develop in places like these. Nevertheless, these wetlands must be taken into account when future research activities are planned. These reservoirs were excluded from the author’s collections, but some floods suitable for the development of the species of the Lestes – Sympetrum coenosis (JACOB, 1969) were recorded.
Acknowledgements I am very grateful to the sponsors of my field trips to the Eastern Rhodopes: International Dragonfly Fund, Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program, “Pandion-D” as well as to Dr. Burkhard Grebe. My thanks are also due to Dr. W. LOPAU for his valuable comments and suggestions on the papers as far as the Greek part of the mountain is concerned. I would also like to thank all my friends, who joined me during the excursions or provided me with materials from the region: Dr. B. Grebe, B. Petrov, C. Schцnbдchler, D. Vassilev, E. Eturska, M. Christozova, N. Diltchev, N. Kodjabashev, N. Simov, R. Vassilev, St. Avramov, Dr. St. Beshkov, S. Marin, St. Michov.
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BESCHOVSKI V. 1964. Dragonflies (Odonata) from South Bulgaria. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., Sofia, 17: 109124. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). BESCHOVSKI V. 1967. Ecological survey of the larvae of Odonata in the Bulgarian rivers. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., Sofia, 24: 5-20. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). BESCHOVSKI V. 1968. Odonata larvae from the stagnant water basins in Bulgaria. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., Sofia, 26: 5-27. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). BESCHOVSKI V. 1994. Comparative zoogeographical review of Odonata fauna of Bulgaria (Insecta, Odonata). – Acta Zool. Bulg., 47: 3-15. BESCHOVSKI V., МARINOV М. 1993. The dragonflies (Odonata) from the Srebarna Biosphere reserve. – Proc. Second National Conf. Entomol., 9-13. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). GREBE B., BAIERL B., BAIERL E. In press. Libellen der Flusstäler Nordost-Griechenlands. Erstnachweis der Rhodopen-Smaragdlibelle Somatochlora borisi Marinov 2001 für Griechenland. – Libellula, Suppl. 4. JACOB U. 1969. Untersuchungen zu den Beziehungen zwischen Ökologie und Verbreitung heimischer Libellen. – Faunist. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkunde Dresden, 2 (24): 197-239. KAPPES E., KAPPES W. 1995. Zusammenstellung der Libellen-Beobachtungen im Norden Griechenlands 21.6.-10.7.1982 / 30.6.-13.7.1983 / 26.6.-16.7.1984. – Naturkundl. Reiseberichte, 1: 126 pp. LOPAU W. 1999. Bisher unveröffentlichte Beobachtungen aus Griechenland. – Libellula, Suppl. 2: 91-131. LOPAU W. 2000. Bisher unveröffentlichte Beobachtungen aus Griechenland. II (Odonata). – Libellula, Suppl. 3: 81-112. LOPAU W., WENDLER A. 1995. Arbeitatlas zur Verbreitung der Libellen in Griechenland und den umliegenden Gebieten, Rasterkarten nach den in der Literatur vorhandenen Nachweisen sowie unveröffentlichen Beobachtungen. – Naturkundl. Reiseberichte, Gnarrenburg, 5: 109 pp. МARINOV М. 1997. Representatives of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Eastern Rhodopes. – Biodiversity Conservation in the Eastern Rhodopes, CD-Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programm, Phase I, reports and management plans, English version, 82-83. MARINOV M. 1999. Chalcolestes parvidens (Artobolevski) and Somatochlora meridionalis Nielsen in Bulgaria (Zygoptera: Lestidae, Anisoptera: Corduliidae). – Notulae Odonatol., 5 (3): 31-33. MARINOV M. 2001a. The Orthetrum coerulescens complex in Bulgaria (Odonata: Libellulidae). – Int. Journ. Odonatol., 4 (1): 35-40. MARINOV M. 2001b. Somatochlora borisi spec. nov., a new European dragonfly species from Bulgaria (Anisoptera: Corduliidae). – IDF-report, 3 (1-2): 9-16. MARINOV M. 2001c. The genus Somatochlora Selys in Bulgaria. – IDF-report, 3 (1-2): 46-53. MARINOV M. In press. Dragonflies (Odonata, Insecta) from Poda protected area near Bourgas, SE Bulgaria. – Opusc. zool. flumin. MARINOV M. Unpublished. Dragonflies (Odonata, Insecta) from Eastern Rhodopes. NEDELKOV N. 1923. [Eighth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria]. – Spis. Balg. akad. nauk., Klon Prir.-Mat., 25 (12): 45-52. (In Bulgarian). RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiological investigation on Arda river and some of its tributaries. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5-49. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B. 1966. Hydrobiological investigations of Maritza river. II. – In: Fauna Thrakiens. Sammelwerk. Band 3. Bulg. Akad. Wiss., Sofia, 231-291. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B. 1967. Hydrobiological investigations of Maritza river. II. Saprobiological estimation for 1965 and 1966. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 25: 87-99. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B., UZUNOV Y., KOVATCHEV St., YANEVA I., IVANOVA L. 1981. Tendencies in the changes of the saprobiological condition of the Maritza river. – Hidrobiologiya (Sofia), 14: 51-64. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). SCHNAPAUFF I., SCHRIDDE P., SUHLING F., ULLMANN K. 1996. Libellenbeobachtungen in NordostGriechenland – Libellula, 15: 169-183. UZUNOV Y., RUSSEV B., KOVATCHEV S., YANEVA I. 1981. Species composition and distribution of the macrozoobenthos of the Maritza river. – Hidrobiologiya (Sofia), 14: 3-15. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). WILDERMUTH, H. 1994. Habitatselektion bei Libellen. – Adv. Odonatol., 6: 223-257.
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Author’s address: Milen Marinov P.O.Box 134 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Водните кончета (Insecta: Odonata) на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Милен МАРИНОВ (Р е з ю м е) Направен е задълбочен преглед на събраната до този момент информация за района на Източните Родопи. Посочени са общо 46 вида водни кончета от 118 находища. Представените видове представляват 92 % от очакваните 50 вида, които със сигурност използват района за размножаване, място за полово съзряване или по време на миграция. Възможно е да бъдат открити поне още 8 вида като случайни имигранти от съседни територии. Направен е кратък зоогеографски анализ, както и характеристика на най-важните за опазването на популациите на водните кончета хабитати.
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Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Krassimir KUMANSKI
Kumanski K. 2004. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 237-239. Abstract. All the 9 species, belonging to 6 genera and 4 families, known so far from the region of the Eastern Rhodopes are listed. Comments are offered about the low level of knowledge on Plecoptera in this region. Key words: Bulgaria, Eastern Rhodopes, faunistics, Plecoptera
In terms of Stonefly fauna the Eastern Rhodopes appear to be one of the least studied mountainous regions in Bulgaria. There are only 9 species from 3 localities published in the only faunistic paper on that matter (BRAASH & JOOST, 1971b). This is about 1/4 of the 34 species, 7 families respectively, known from the entire Rhodopes Mts. (BRAASCH & JOOST, 1971a), and less than 10% of the species published for Bulgaria. A new locality is announced here. Taking into consideration the rich running water system in the Eastern Rhodopes, on the one hand, and the fact that more than 20% of the Bulgarian Trichoptera is established there, on the other hand, one can speculate that after more thorough future investigations the number of the Plecoptera should become at least double. Here are all the data taken from the first paper cited above.
List of the published species Taeniopterygidae Brachyptera bulgarica Rauser, 1962 3 ††, 1 ‡, 29.4.1970, torrent, confluent to Arda River near Ardino, ca. 600 m a.s.l. Bulgarian endemic. Nemouridae Amphinemoura triangularis (Ris, 1902) 4 ††, 5 ‡‡, same locality as above. Europe.
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K. KUMANSKI Nemoura braaschi Joost, 1970 4 ††, 9 ‡‡, same locality as above. Balkan endemic (Bulgaria, Serbia). Nemoura cinerea (Retzius, 1783) 4 ††, 3 ‡‡, same locality as above. Europe-Central Asia. Water ubiquist.
Nemoura subtilis Klapalek, 1895 29 ††14 ‡‡, same locality as above; 6 ††, 7 ‡‡, 29.4.1970, spring torrent Beli Izvor near Ardino, ca. 650 m a.s.l.; 2 ††, 28.4.1970, tributary to Arda River near Kardjali, ca 300 m a.s.l. SE Europe, Asia Minor. Nemoura sp. 1 ‡, 2.5.2003, Armira River near Ivaylovgrad, ca. 100 m a.s.l. (leg. S. Beshkov). Protonemura intricata (Ris, 1902) 2 ††, same locality as above. Central- and S Europe. Leuctridae Leuctra marani Rauser, 1965 12 ††, 2 ‡‡, same locality as above. Bulgarian endemic. Leuctra pseudosignifera Aubert, 1954 2 ‡‡, same locality as above. Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. Chloroperlidae Siphonoperla neglecta (Rostock, 1881) 21 ††, 5 ‡‡, same locality as above; 2 ††, 2.5.2003, Armira River near Ivaylovgrad, ca. 100 m a.s.l. (leg. S. Beshkov). Central Europe and the Balkan Peninsula.
References BRAASCH D., JOOST W. 1971a. Zur Plecopterenfauna Bulgariens. Limnologica, Berlin, 8 (2): 265-294. BRAASCH D., JOOST W. 1971b. Neue Plecopterenfunde aus Bulgarien. Entomol. Nachr., 15 (6): 58-66.
Author’s address: Dr. Krassimir Kumanski National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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Перли (Insecta: Plecoptera) от Източните Родопи (България) Красимир КУМАНСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Източните Родопи са сред най-слабо проучените в плекоптерологично отношение райони от България. Публикуваните досега 9 вида (от 6 рода и 4 семейства) представляват само 25% от съобщените общо за Родопите, и под 10% от известните за България перли. Основната причина за малкия брой известни до този момент видове се крие единствено в много слабата и несистемна фаунистична проученост на района. Съществуването на богата поточно-речна мрежа и сравнително добрата запазеност на чистотата на водите са предпоставки реалното биоразнообразие на тези насекоми тук да е значително (най-малко двойно) по-голямо.
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Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera and Orthoptera of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Alexi POPOV, Dragan CHOBANOV
Popov A., Chobanov D. 2004. Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera and Orthoptera of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 241-309. Abstract. According to the published and original data, 125 species of Orthopterida are established in the Eastern Rhodopes: 106 in the Bulgarian part and 98 in the Greek part of the mountain. So far unpublished for the fauna of Bulgaria are Gryllomorpha cf. miramae (for the Balkan Peninsula, too), Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus, Notostaurus anatolicus, Chorthippus porphyropterus and Saga campbelli gracilis (data for some of them are in press). One order, 1 suborder, 4 families, 5 subfamilies, 11 genera, 1 subgenus and 10 other species have been recorded for the first time for the Eastern Rhodopes. Another suborder and other 3 families, 6 subfamilies, 9 genera, 1 subgenus and 23 species have been recorded for the first time for the Bulgarian part of the mountain. The species occur in 28 habitats and subhabitats in the area. The faunistic diversity is richest in the mesophile grasslands in pastures. The number of taxa of conservation significance is 46, while 22 of them need protection. Paranocarodes chopardi, Duroniella laticornis and Discoptila buresi have the highest conservation value. Five territories are selected as important for the conservation of the orthopterid fauna. Some threats to the species diversity are discussed and recommendations for protection and study of Orthopterida in the Eastern Rhodopes are made. Key words: Orthopterida, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution, conservation
Introduction The aim of the present paper is to establish the faunistic diversity of the orthopterid insects in the whole territory of the Eastern Rhodopes and the species distribution in the area, as well as to show the species of conservation importance, which need protection, and the territories with high concentration of these species. The peculiarities of the local fauna of Orthopterida, the position of the Eastern Rhodopes among other regions of the respective country, Bulgaria or Greece, and the main habitats of the species in the Bulgarian part of the mountain are discussed. Two of the most important recommendations for future investigations in a report to the project “Assessment of the existing information on biodiversity in the Eastern Rhodopes”, financed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2002, are: verification
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of old faunistic records and incorrect identification; determination of unidentified material in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. These recommendations are realized with the present investigation, which includes all published and original data on Orthopterida in the Bulgarian part and all published information on the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes.
History of exploration Bulgaria. The first data on one species of Dermaptera and nine species of Orthoptera from the border areas of the Eastern Rhodopes, the environs of Harmanli and Haskovo respectively, were reported by MALKOV (1907) and by NEDELKOV (1908, 1923), TSCHORBADJIEV (1926b) and DRENOVSKI (1929, 1930). All the other publications until 1955 deal with the five economically important species occurring in a masse, studied by K. Bernkopf, P. Petkov, V. Naidenov, A. Drenovski and P. Tschorbadjiev. Especially thorough were the entomological investigations of the last mentioned author who summarized and commented the information on the pests among the grasshoppers and bushcrickets in Bulgaria (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936). The calamity caused by the most abundant pest – Dociostaurus maroccanus, the Moroccan Locust, was studied by LASAROFF (1940). BURESCH & PESCHEV (1955, 1957, 1958) summarized the whole information on the group in Bulgaria and reported from the area all four species of Mantodea distributed in the country and 25 species of Orthoptera. In a supplement to that review in three parts, PESCHEV (1971) added other 8 species of bush-crickets and grasshoppers found in the following ten years. The same author described the new species Isophya petkovi from Harmanliyska Reka Valley in the border area of the mountain (PESCHEV, 1959a) and Paranocarodes chopardi from Grebena Ridge in the central part of the territory (PESCHEV, 1965). He also contributed to solving the problem with the species of Isophya described by N. Nedelkov (KIS & PESCHEV, 1967). In general, the exploration of Orthopterida in the Eastern Rhodopes is due to the work of Assoc. Prof. Georgi Peschev for 20 years. Studying the fauna of the treated superorder in the Upper Thracian Lowland, he (PESCHEV, 1964) considered also the species from the northern spurs of the Eastern Rhodopes and later directed his attention to the ecology (PESCHEV, 1974) and faunistic diversity (PESCHEV, 1975) of the discussed group in the whole Rhodopes. The first species of Blattodea was reported by BAZYLUK (1961). During the last 25 years, no investigations on Orthopterida in the area have been carried out. Exceptions are the confirmation of the occurrence of Paranocarodes chopardi in its type locality and the cytotaxonomic study of the same species and Asiotmethis limbatus by BUGROV & GROZEVA (1998), as well as establishing of species, which are new to the fauna of Bulgaria, in that area (CHOBANOV, in press). POPOV (1998) compiled the published data on endemic and rare species of conservation significance from the country, the treated territory including. At the initiative of the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program in 1997 and United Nations Development Program in 2002 the full available information on Orthopterida of the Eastern Rhodopes was systematized but without field investigations. Greece. The beginning of the study of Evros and Rodhopi districts was initiated by WERNER (1934, 1937, 1938) who published 5 species of Orthoptera from Mount Pa-
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pikion, Makri and Alexandroupolis. On the basis of samples by Bulgarian entomologists in the collections of NMNH Sofia BURESCH & PESCHEV (1955, 1957) reported another 6 species of Acridoidea and the first data on Blattodea – 3 species and Mantodea – 4 species, mostly from the lowland part of the territory. A considerable contribution, including for the mountain part, was made by KALTENBACH (1965, 1967) who established 37 species of Mantodea and Orthoptera. The period of active exploration of the area starts with the fieldwork of Dr. Fer Willemse. He reported a few species revising the Greek representatives of Acrometopa, Eupholidoptera, Pterolepis and Poecilimon (WILLEMSE, 1979, 1980, 1982a, 1982b). Later he summarized in a catalogue the chorological information on 68 species of Orthoptera (Ensifera – 33, Caelifera – 35), most of them based on his own rich samples, mainly from the eastern part of the area (WILLEMSE, 1984, 1985). The most important contribution to the fauna of this group in Northeastern Greece is the work of INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985). They gave 136 species of Orthopterida after original samples. Thereby the species number increased to 157. A half of them (78) were found by Dr. S. Ingrisch and D. Pavićević in the area under review here. KATI & WILLEMSE (2001) gave us an example of detailed investigation of a small territory, studying Dadia – Lefkimmi – Soufli Forest Reserve. They reported 52 species of Orthoptera, 49 of them from the reserve. The information about the distribution of discussed orders is published in 49 papers divided as follows: for the Bulgarian part – 33, for the Greek part – 14 and for both parts – two publications. Only the more important and older applied entomological literature sources on pests from Orthoptera are included. Forty-six (46) papers are devoted to Orthoptera and we find data on the small orders in 9 publications: 5 for the Bulgarian part, 3 for the Greek part and one for both parts. In the list of References, the sources with data on the treated territory are asterisked.
Investigation area The eastern part of the Rhodopes Mountains stretches in the central zone north of the south Bulgarian border and in the northeasternmost part of Greece. Bulgaria. As the northern border of the investigated area we accept the line dividing the Upper Thracian Lowland from the first hills and heights connected with the mountain (Fig. 1). So for instance, the regions around Mineralni Bani, the hills south of Haskovo, Harmanli, Biser and Lyubimets are included. The literature data about these towns and villages, as well as on Haskovo area and Harmanli area, are inserted because insects were collected mostly south of them. The records from the lowland territory north of Mezek, namely from Svilengrad and Svilengrad area, are excluded because they concern Maritsa riverbank and Sakar Mts. respectively. The material from this territory is however identified and it is discussed together with the published data (see Species in adjacent areas). As the western border we accept the tectonically determined line (GEORGIEV, 1985) which begins at Elidje Pass between Arda Ridge and Zhalti Ridge on the Bulgarian-Greek border and runs along the Chepinska Reka Valley to its outfall in Arda River, along Arda Valley from Rudozem to the mouth of Borovitsa River and then along the commonly accepted border between the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes (NIKOLOV & JORDANO-
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VA, 2002) across Kitkata Pass along Kayaliyka (Skalichitsa) River to its entering the Upper Thracian Lowland (Fig. 1). A list of the localities in the Bulgarian part with their location, old names, county, district and UTM-code follows. The UTM-code is reduced. The first three characters (35T) are not entered, e.g. LF78 means 35TLF78.
List of Bulgarian localities (Fig. 1) Aina Ini (= Ogledalnata Peshtera) – cave (Kr 12) near Ribino, village 14 km WSW of Krumovgrad, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LF78 Ardino area – around the town of Ardino, Ardino County, Kardjali District, LG40 Biser – S of Biser, village 8 km W of Lyubimets, Harmanli County, Haskovo District, MG13 Brusino – village 15 km SSE of Madjarovo, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF19 Bryagovo near Parvomay – village 14 km SSW of Parvomay, Parvomay County, Plovdiv District, LG45
Fig. 1. Investigation area and localities of identified, revised and published material of Orthopterida
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Bryagovo near Harmanli – village 10 km W of Harmanli, Haskovo County and District, LG94 Bukovo – see Pilashevo Cherni Rid – village 13 km W of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF19 Chernyovtsi (= Kara Musal) – village 16 km NE of Kardjali, Kardjali County and District, LG72 Chorbadjiysko – village 17 km S of Momchilgrad, Kirkovo County, Kardjali District, LF68 Dabovets – village 12 km ENE of Madjarovo, Lyubimets County, Haskovo District, MG11 Dolno Lukovo – village 17 km SSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF28 Dragoynovo – village 12 km S of Parvomay, Parvomay County, Plovdiv District, LG55 Dupnitsa – see Madjarovo Dyadovtsi – village 3 km N of Ardino, Ardino County, Kardjali District, LG41 Dyadovskiyat Kemer – artificial gallery, 35 m long, near the bridge in Dyadovskiyat Kemer, site 3 km N of Ardino, Ardino County, Kardjali District, LG41 Elena – village 13 km SW of Harmanli, Haskovo County and District, MG03 Gouk In (= Razklonenata Peshtera) – cave (Kr 7) in Dishlik Dere Valley between Kulich Hamlet of Moryantsi Village and Oreshari, village 11 km WSW of Madjarovo, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LG90 Grebena (= Sarta) – ridge between the valleys of Arda River and Byala Reka River, MF19 Gyaurhambar – cave (Kr 26) near Ridino, village 6 km S of Djebel, Djebel County, Kardjali District, LF59 Harmanli – S of Harmanli, town, Harmanli County, Haskovo District, MG04 and MG14 Harmanli area – LG93, LG94, MG03, MG04 and MG13 Harmanliyska Reka (= Olu Dere) Valley near Harmanli – valley W of Harmanli, the northern border of Huhla Ridge and of the Eastern Rhodopes, MG04 Hasarskata Peshtera – cave (Kr 3) near Snezhinka (= Gorna Snezhinka), village 6 km NW of Kardjali, Kardjali County and District, LG51 Haskovo – S of Haskovo, town, Haskovo County and District, LG74 and LG84 Haskovo area – LG73, LG74, LG83, LG84, LG93 and LG94 Ivanovo – village 9 km S of Harmanli, Harmanli County, Haskovo District, MG03 Ivaylovgrad (= Orta Kyoy) – town, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF29 and MG20 Ivaylovgrad – 2 km W of Ivaylovgrad, MG20 Ivaylovgrad area – MF29, MG10 and MG20 Kara Musal – see Chernyovtsi Karagug – cave (Kr 2) near Tarnovtsi, village 5 km W of Djebel, Djebel County, Kardjali District, LF59 Kardjali – town, Kardjali County and District, LG61 Kardjali area – LG51, LG61 and LG71 Knizhovnik – village 13 km SSE of Haskovo, Haskovo County and District, LG83 Kobilino – village 11 km WSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF19 Kodja Kaya Hill – military bunkers on Kodja Kaya Hill near Odrintsi, village 10 km S of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF29 Kodja Kaya Hill – see Zmiyarnika Komuniga (= Kushalar) – village 22 km NW of Kardjali, Chernoochene County, Kardjali District, LG53 Kondovo – village 14 km SW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF18 Konush – village 9 km SSW of Haskovo, Haskovo County and District, LG73 Kostilkovo – village 13 km SSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF28 Kremenskata Peshtera – see Zlatnata Yama Krivo Pole – village 17 km SE of Haskovo, Haskovo County and District, LG93 Krumovgrad – town, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LF89 Krumovgrad – NE of Krumovgrad, 600 m, LF99 Kushalar – see Komuniga Kyopryuli – see Most Ladja – suburb of Ivaylovgrad 2 km SW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF29 Lyubimets – S of Lyubimets, town, Lyubimets County, Haskovo District, MG23 Madan – town, Madan County, Smolyan District, LF29 Madjarovo – Nature Conservation Center of Eastern Rhodopes, 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Madjarovo County, Haskovo District, MG01 Madjarovo (= Dupnitsa) – town, Madjarovo County, Haskovo District, MG01 Makaza – pass 2 km SE of Lozengradtsi, village 24 km SSE of Djebel, Kirkovo County, Kardjali District, LF67
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Malino – uninhabited village 16 km SSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF18 Malko Gradishte – village 12 km SW of Lyubimets, Lyubimets County, Haskovo District, MG12 Manastir – village 8 km SSE of Haskovo, Haskovo County and District, LG83 Mandritsa – village 15 km S of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF28 Meden Buk – village 18 km SSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF18 and MF28 Mezek – village 9 km WSW of Svilengrad, Svilengrad County, Haskovo District, MG22 Mineralni Bani – village 17 km W of Haskovo, Mineralni Bani County, Haskovo District, LG64 Momchilgrad – town, Momchilgrad County, Kardjali District, LF69 and LG60 Momchilgrad area – LF69, LF79, LG60 and LG70 Momina Skala Hut – mine gallery, 60 m long, between Madjarovo and Momina Skala, hut 3 km WNW of Madjarovo, Madjarovo County, Haskovo District, MG01 Most (= Kyopryuli) – village 16 km NE of Kardjali, Kardjali County and District, LG72 Naredenite Kamani – cave (Kr 23) near Shumnatitsa, village 23 km SSE of Djebel, Kirkovo County, Kardjali District, LF67 Ogledalnata Peshtera – see Aina Ini Olu Dere – see Harmanliyska Reka Orta Kyoy – see Ivaylovgrad Pashkul – village 13 km S of Madjarovo, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF09 Pelevun – see Plevun Perperek (= Yashlar) – village 15 km ENE of Kardjali, Kardjali County and District, LG71 and LG81 Pilashevo (= Bukovo) – village 17 km S of Parvomay, Parvomay County, Plovdiv District, LG54 Plevun (= Pelevun) – village 12 km SW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF19 Podkova – village 13 km SE of Djebel, Kirkovo County, Kardjali District, LF68 Popsko – village 9 km S of Madjarovo, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MG00 Razklonenata Peshtera – see Gouk In Rozino – village 20 km WSW of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF09 Rumelia – village 8 km NW of Madjarovo, Madjarovo County, Haskovo District, LG91 Rupata – cave (Kr 16) near Egrek, village 16 km S of Krumovgrad, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LF87 Sarta – see Grebena Sborino – village 13 km SSE of Madjarovo, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF09 and MF19 Sheynovets – summit in Gorata Ridge, 3-5 km SW of Mezek, 500-600 m, Lyubimets County, Haskovo District, MG22 Silen – village 13 km WNW of Madjarovo, Stambolovo County, Haskovo District, LG91 Stramni Ridge – 6 km SE of Momchilgrad, 600 m, LF79 Studen Kladenets – village 15 km N of Krumovgrad, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LG80 Susam – village 17 km W of Haskovo, Mineralni Bani County, Haskovo District, LG64 Svezhest – hut 3 km S of Krumovgrad, Krumovgrad County, Kardjali District, LF89 Svirachi – village 5 km S of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF29 Tankovo – village 14 km NW of Madjarovo, Stambolovo County, Haskovo District, LG92 Tilki Ini – cave (Kr 1) near Ostrovitsa, village 4 km SE of Kardjali, Kardjali County and District, LG61 Tsareva Polyana – village 18 km SSE of Haskovo, Stambolovo County, Haskovo District, LG82 Valche Pole – village 14 km ENE of Madjarovo, Lyubimets County, Haskovo District, MG11 Voden – village 16 km SSE of Parvomay, Parvomay County, Plovdiv District, LG54 Vodnata Peshtera – cave (Sm 50) near Godumovi Kolibi, quarter 2 km W of Nedelino, Nedelino County, Smolyan District, LF39 Yashlar – see Perperek Zlatnata Yama (= Kremenskata Peshtera) – cave (Kr 14) near Kremen (= Akcha), village 22 km ESE of Zlatograd, Kirkovo County, Kardjali District, LF67 Zlatograd – town, Zlatograd County, Smolyan District, LF38 and LF48 Zmiyarnika – cave (karst niche) (Kr 8) on Kodja Kaya Hill near Belopolyane, village 8 km SSE of Ivaylovgrad, Ivaylovgrad County, Kardjali District, MF29
Greece. In the Greek part of the investigated area the entire territory east of Kourou (Sushitsa) River (Fig. 1) is included. Administratively it belongs to the districts (nomoi) of
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Evros and Rodhopi and to a small part of Xanthi District (nomos). No species of Orthoptera are known however from the last mentioned district east of Kourou River. We adopt the entire territory to the seashore because of the difficulty to separate the lowland from the mountain part and because most species occur in both lowland and lowest mountain slopes, beginning at 50-100 m altitude. The species of Orthopterida, which are likely to inhabit only lowland, are discussed (see Species in adjacent areas). A list of the localities in the Greek part with their location, district (nomos) and other names follows.
List of Greek localities (Fig. 1) Ada Tepe (= Korifi) – 6 km NW of Gianouli in Dadia LSFReserve, 627 m, Evros District Aisimi – see Essimi Alepohorion (= Elafochori; misspelled as Elasokhorion) – village along Erithropotamos River, 27 km WNW of Didimotihon, Evros District Alexandroupolis (= Alexandropolis; Alexandropoulis; Alexandropol; Dedeagach) – town, Evros District Amorion – village 7 km SW of Didimotihon, Evros District Anthia – ca. 4 km S of Anthia, village 9 km ENE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Avas – 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas, village 10 km N of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Avra – ca. 4 km W of Avra, village 11 km S of Sape, Rodhopi District Avra – ca. 2 km S of Avra, Rodhopi District Badoma – see Potamos Buru Gyol – see Vistonis Chara Koma – ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m, village 10 km NE of Sape, Rodhopi District Chara Koma – 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m, village 20 km NNE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Chara Koma – 5 km NNW of Essimi, Evros District Dadia – village 10 km SW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – 4 km NNW of Dadia in the northern strictly protected area of Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – 1 km N of Dadia in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – 1 km SSE of Dadia in the southern strictly protected area of Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – 2 km SW of Dadia in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – 3 km ESE of Dadia in the southern strictly protected area of Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dadia – monastery E of Dadia Village in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Dedeagach – see Alexandroupolis Didimotihon (= Dhidhimotikhon; Dhidhimotikon; Didimotikho) – town, Evros District Doriskos – village 20 km ENE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Elafochori – see Alepohorion Elasokhorion – incorrect spelling of Alepohorion Essimi (= Aisimi; Aisymi) – 500 m, village 20 km NNE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Essimi – ca. 12 km NNE of Essimi, Evros District Essimi – 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m, Evros District Essimi – 7 km N of Essimi on Kallithea Summit, 800 m, Evros District Essimi – 6 km N of Essimi, 700 m, Evros District Essimi – 5 km NNW of Essimi, Evros District Essimi – 4 km N of Essimi, Evros District Essimi – 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas, Evros District Filakion – village 21 km NW of Orestias, Evros District Gianouli (= Yiannouli) – 2 km WNW of Gianouli, village 8 km W of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Gianouli – 1 km SW of Gianouli in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Gianouli – 2 km S and 3 km W of Gianouli in Dadia LSFReserve, 650 m, Evros District
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Gianouli Village – unnamed summit 4 km W of Gianouli in Dadia LSFReserve, 650 m, Evros District Iasmos – along Kompsatos River E of Iasmos, village 18 km W of Komotini, Rodhopi District Imeros – village 18 km S of Komotini, Rodhopi District Kallithea (= Kallidea) – summit in Sapia Mts., 7 km N of Essimi, village 20 km NNE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Kallithea – summit in Sapia Mts., near Tris Vrisses, village 22 km SW of Souflion, Evros District Kamenos Lofos – NE of Pessani Bridge and 3 km SE of Pessani in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Kapsalo – 1 km NW of Kapsalo, summit 18 km SW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Karlik Dagh – see Papikion Katratzides – 1 km N of Katratzides, village 14 km SW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Katratzides – 1 km S of Katratzides in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Katratzides – SW of Katratzides in Dadia LSFReserve, 250 m, Evros District Katratzides – 3 km SW of Katratzides in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Komaros – 1 km NE of Komaros, village between Sape and Makri in Tsopan Mts., Rodhopi District Kompsatos River – E of Iasmos, village 18 km W of Komotini, Rodhopi District Korifi – see Ada Tepe Kornofolea (= Kornofolia) – 4 km WNW of Kornofolea, village 4 km S of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Kornofolea – 3 km WSW of Kornofolea in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Kourousmilou – cape E of Lagos, Rodhopi District Ladi (= Ladhi) – village 23 km NW of Didimotihon, Evros District Lagos (= Porto Lagos; Porto Lago) in Rodhopi District – village 24 km SE of Xanthi, Rodhopi District Lagos in Rodhopi District – 2 km E of Lagos, Rodhopi District Lagos in Evros District – NW of Gianouli in Dadia LSFReserve, 350 m, Evros District Lavara – village 11 km NE of Souflion, Evros District Lefkimmi – 5 km NNW of Lefkimmi, village 21 km SSW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Lefkimmi – 1 km SW of Lefkimmi in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Limni Mitrikoy – see Mitrikon Lake Limni Vistonis – see Vistonis Lira – village 14 km S of Souflion, Evros District Lira – 4 km WNW of Lira in the southern strictly protected area of Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Loutros (= Loutra) – village 15 km ENE of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Makri – village 11 km W of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Makri – 2 km W of Makri, Evros District Makri – 2 km SE of Makri, Evros District Maronia – village 20 km SW of Sape, Rodhopi District Mitrikon Lake (= Limni Mitrikoy) – hill W of Mitrikon, lake E of Lagos, Rodhopi District Mitrikon Lake – west shore of the lake, Rodhopi District Mitrikon Lake – S of Mitrikon Lake, Rodhopi District Nea Chili – W of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Nea Santa (= Nea Sanda; Nea Sandha) – ca. 2 km of Nea Santa, village 10 km NE of Sape, Rodhopi District Nea Santa – ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m, Rodhopi District Papikion (= Karlik Dagh; Veykata) – summit in Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik Ridge on the Greek-Bulgarian border, southern slopes, 17 km NW of Komotini, Rodhopi District Pessani – village 22 km SW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Pessani – 3 km SE of Pessani Village in Dadia LSFReserve, 350 m, Evros District Pessani – bridge 4 km S of Pessani Village in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Porto Lagos – see Lagos Potamos (= Badoma) – railway station N of Alexandroupolis, Evros District Santa – see Nea Santa Sarlar (old name) – village N of Makri, Evros District Souflion (= Soufli; Soflu) – town, Evros District Souflion – 5 km NNW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Souflion – 3 km NNW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Tiheron (= Tukheron; Tikheron; Tikhero) – village 18 km S of Souflion, Evros District
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Tris Vrisses – village in Sapia Mts., 600 m, WSW of Souflion, Evros District Tris Vrisses – Kallithea Summit near Tris Vrisses, Evros District Tris Vrisses – SE of Tris Vrisses, 22 km SW of Souflion in Dadia LSFReserve, Evros District Tsopan – mountain, ca. 4 km W of Avra, village 11 km S of Sape, Rodhopi District Tsopan – mountain, ca. 2 km S of Avra, Rodhopi District Tsopan – mountain, 1 km NE of Komaros between Sape and Makri, Rodhopi District Valtos – village 16 km WNW of Orestias, Evros District Veykata – see Papikion Vistonis (= Buru Gyol) – lake 18 km SE of Xanthi and 22 km SW of Komotini, Xanthi and Rodhopi districts Vrisses – see Tris Vrisses Yiannouli – see Gianouli
Material The information on the species distribution of Orthopterida is based on the entire literature for the investigated area and on original data. The collection from the Eastern Rhodopes in the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia was identified and revised. This rich collection contains samples by Bulgarian entomologists from the first half of 20th century and especially rich material collected by Georgi Peschev, identified and unidentified, published and unpublished. Furthermore, samples by Dragan Chobanov, Dr. Stoyan Beshkov, Boyan Petrov, Dr. Pavel Stoev, Dr. Vladimir Beshkov, Dr. Albena Gjonova, Nikolai Tsankov and samples collected with a Malaise trap by Hristina Eturska were studied. The material consists of more than 3652 specimens from the Bulgarian part of the mountain. This number does not include 362 specimens collected at Svilengrad (see Species in adjacent areas). The specimens from the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes in the collections of NMNH Sofia were not revised because their correct identification by BURESCH & PESCHEV (1955, 1957) is undoubted. The species published under “Rhodopes” are not taken into consideration because almost always they concern the Western Rhodopes, e.g. NEDELKOV (1908). The abbreviations of the caves, e.g. Kr 1, are given according to BERON et al. (2004) where data on altitude, length and denivelation of each cave and list of established invertebrate fauna found there are published. The abbreviations used in the present paper are: BG = Bulgaria Dadia LSFReserve = Dadia – Lefkimmi – Soufli Forest Reserve GP = Georgi Peschev GR = Greece Kr = Kardjali District NMNH Sofia = National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Sm = Smolyan District
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A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV List of species
DERMAPTERA LABIDURIDAE Labidurinae Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773) BG. New locality. Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli, 1 ‡, 5.10.1962, leg. M. Josifov. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: early October (in Bulgaria from May1). GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). FORFICULIDAE Forficulinae Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 BG. Published locality. Harmanli (MALKOV, 1907). New localities. Zlatograd, 3 ‡‡, 26.6.1961; Kardjali, 1 ‡, 26.5.1964; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 22.6.1961 and 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 31.5.1965; Podkova, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 26.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 9 specimens. Adults: May – June (in Bulgaria all year). Forficula aetolica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Forficula smyrnensis Serville, 1839 GR. Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). MANTODEA MANTIDAE Amelinae Ameles heldreichi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 BG. Published locality. Kardjali (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957). The species occurs in the Eastern Rhodopes up to an altitude of 800 m (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Zlatograd, 1 ‡, 28.9.1955; Momchilgrad, 1 last instar larva ‡, 5.8.1963; Podkova, 4 ‡‡, 17.10.1963, all leg. GP; Madjarovo, 1 †, 23.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 150 m, 1 larva, 22.8.2001, leg. T. Ljubomirov; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 †, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 4.8.1963, 4 last instar larvae ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP and 1 †, 24.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 21 specimens. Adults: August – October (in Bulgaria until November). GR. Tsopan, 1 km NE of Komaros (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as A. heldreichi heldreichi); Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Makri (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957); Nea Chili; Chara Koma ca. 1
The periods of occurrence in Bulgaria of the adults, mentioned in this chapter, are based on the literature and original data.
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8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as A. heldreichi heldreichi); Essimi, 500 m (KALTENBACH, 1965, as A. heldreichi heldreichi); Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957; KALTENBACH, 1965, as A. heldreichi heldreichi); ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Mantinae Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. Published localities. Harmanli area; Lyubimets (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957). New localities. Zlatograd, 1 †, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 28.9.1955; Kardjali, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 25.9.1955, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 15-16.10.1963; Podkova, 1 †, 1 ‡, 17.10.1963; Meden Buk, 1 last instar larva †, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Ladja, 1 ootheca, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Ivaylovgrad, 1 larva ‡, 4.8.1963 and 1 last instar larva ‡, 22.7.1968, both leg. GP. Material: 19 specimens and one ootheca. Adults: August – October (in Bulgaria until December). GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Maronia (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957); Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Nea Chili; ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). The Common Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa) is included in the Additional list with proposal to the Check-list of threatened invertebrates of the CORINE biotopes project. Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. Published localities. Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957; PESCHEV, 1964, 1975; POPOV, 1998); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975; POPOV, 1998). Material: 4 specimens. Adults: June – August (in Bulgaria until October). GR. Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Nea Chili (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Essimi, 500 m (KALTENBACH, 1965); ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A very rare species in Bulgaria known outside the area only from the Struma Valley. Rivetina baetica (Rambur, 1838) GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Makri (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957, as R. fasciata Thunb.); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). The localities are situated near the seacoast. The species is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
EMPUSIDAE Empusa fasciata Brullé, 1836 BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957); Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957; PESCHEV, 1964); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975).
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New localities. Zlatograd, 1 larva †, 1 larva ‡, 1 larva, 28.9.1955; Kardjali, 4 larvae ††, 1 larva ‡, 15.10.1963; Podkova, 2 larvae ‡‡, 17.10.1963; Plevun, 1 ‡, 20.6.1970; Meden Buk, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 2 larvae, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Mandritsa, 2 ‡‡, 4.6.1965, leg. GP. Material: 19 specimens. Adults: June – August (in Bulgaria from April). GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Kompsatos River E of Iasmos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Essimi, 500 m (KALTENBACH, 1965); 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957). This species, typical for the Submediterranean habitats in Bulgaria and the Mediterranean ones in Greece, is included as vulnerable in the Red list of threatened animals and plants in Europe. BLATTODEA POLYPHAGIDAE Polyphaga aegyptiaca (Linnaeus, 1758) GR. Vistonis Lake (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957). BLATELLIDAE Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817) BG. Published localities. Mineralni Bani (PESCHEV, 1964, 1975); Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1975). Material: 15 specimens. Adults: June (in Bulgaria until August). GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). ECTOBIIDAE Ectobius vittiventris (Costa, 1847) BG. Published localities. Mineralni Bani; Harmanli (both after PESCHEV, 1964, 1975). Material: not present1. Adults: end of April (in Bulgaria until June). Ectobius balcani Ramme, 1923 BG. Published localities. Madan (BAZYLUK, 1961); Mineralni Bani; Harmanli (both after PESCHEV, 1975). Material: not present. Adults: April – June (in Bulgarian lowlands in the same period; in Bulgarian mountains until August). The checked specimens from Mineralni Bani (collected on 27.4.1962, not on 4.5.1961 and 7.6.1961 as in PESCHEV, 1975) and Harmanli belong to Ectobius erythronotus (see below). Ectobius erythronotus (Burr, 1898) BG. Published locality. Kardjali (BAZYLUK, 1961, as E. erythronotus erythronotus). 1 After depositing the present paper, the material from Mineralni Bani and Harmanli, det. G. Peschev as Ectobius vittiventris, was revised. The specimens belong to Ectobius erythronotus (see under this species). The question whether E. vittiventris occurs in the Eastern Rhodopes is left open.
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New localities. Mineralni Bani, 2 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 27.4.1962 (PESCHEV, 1964, 1975, as E. vittiventris), 6 ††, 27.4.1962, det. GP as E. balcani; Kardjali area, 8 ††, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 22.6.1961; Harmanli, 2 ‡‡, 22.4.1962 (PESCHEV, 1964, 1975, as E. vittiventris), 1 ‡, 22.4.1962 (PESCHEV, 1975, as E. balcani), 19 ††, 8 ‡‡, 20.5.1958, det. GP as E. vittiventris; Plevun, 2 ††, 3.6.1965, 2 ††, 5.6.1965; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 21.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 54 specimens. Adults: end of April – June (in Bulgaria until early July). Most specimens correspond to the characteristic of Ectobius burri Adelung, 1916. This taxon was raised from a subspecies of Ectobius erythronotus to a distinct species by KARAMAN & KARAMAN (1987). In view of the fact that the two taxa are very closely related, the opinion on a subspecific status seems to us more plausible. Moreover, the description of E. burri macedonicus Karaman et Karaman, 1987 does not contain distinguishing features in comparison with E. burri burri. Because of that, we cannot decide if the specimens from the Eastern Rhodopes belong to E. erythronotus erythronotus, as BAZYLUK (1961) believes, or to E. burri burri Adelung, 1916, presumed to occur in Bulgaria by KARAMAN & KARAMAN (1987), or to E. burri macedonicus, established in the Vermion Mts. and the Vernon Mts. in Greek Macedonia. Phyllodromica marginata (Schreber, 1781) BG. Published locality: none. The species was reported without exact locality as very rare, found under stones and decaying plant refuse on riverbanks in the Eastern Rhodopes by PESCHEV (1975, as Hololampra marginata). Material: not present. Adults: no data for the Eastern Rhodopes (in Bulgaria from May to June). GR. Potamos; Alexandroupolis (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957, as Ph. marginata ab. erythronota Br.). Phyllodromica carniolica (Ramme, 1913) GR. Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A Balkan endemic species distributed in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania, South Bulgaria and Northeastern Greece. Its range in Greece covers the Sapia Mts. in the investigated area and the Falakron Mts. Phyllodromica subaptera (Rambur, 1838) GR. Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957). The information on the distribution of this species in the area needs confirmation. ISOPTERA RHINOTERMITIDAE Heterotermitinae Reticulitermes lucifugus (Rossi, 1792) BG. Locality in an unpublished report. Mine gallery between Madjarovo and Momina Skala Hut, 12.5.1996, leg. B. Petrov (PETROV & STOEV, 1997). New locality. Rumelia, 3 soldiers, 6 workers (pseudergates), 28.4.2002, leg. P. Tenchev. Material: 9 specimens.
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ORTHOPTERA PHANEROPTERIDAE Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 BG. New localities. Podkova, 1 ‡, 17.10.1963; Kardjali, 1 ‡, 15.10.1963, both leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 1 ‡, November 2000, leg. H. Eturska; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 4 specimens. Adults: July – November. GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ph. nana nana); Tiheron; Lira; Lavara (all after WILLEMSE, 1984). The small larvae, collected 2 km NE of Madjarovo at 160 m a.s.l. in a Malaise trap in an ecotone between the riverside vegetation of Arda River and a xerothermic wood during the periods 20-28.5.2001, 28.5.-8.6.2001 and 8-22.6.2001 by H. Eturska, most likely belong to this species. Tylopsis lilifolia (Fabricius, 1793) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958); Haskovo (NEDELKOV, 1908, as T. thymifolia Petagna). New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 †, 4.7.1962 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 5.8.1963; Chorbadjiysko, 2 ††, 22.7.1964; NE of Krumovgrad, 600 m, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 4.8.1963; Dabovets, 1 †, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968, all leg. GP; Valche Pole, 1 †, 30.6.2003, leg. N. Tsankov; Meden Buk, 3 ††, 19.7.1964, leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 25.8.1998, D. Chobanov observed; Mandritsa, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡, 18-19.7.1964 and 1 ‡, 21.7.1968, leg. GP; Ivaylovgrad, 3 ††, 5 ‡‡, 4.8.1963, 1 last instar larva †, 20.7.1968 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, leg. GP, common, 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov observed. Material: 60 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: end of June – September (in Bulgarian lowlands until November). GR. One locality in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); 2 km SE of Makri; Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b, as T. liliifolia); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); six localities in Evros District (WILLEMSE, 1984); up to 1000 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as T. liliifolia). Acrometopa servillea (Brullé, 1832) GR. Ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as A. servillei); 1 km SW of Lefkimmi; 5 km NNW of Souflion (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Both last mentioned localities are in Dadia LSFReserve. Acrometopa syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Tiheron (WILLEMSE, 1979, 1984). A rare species in Greece, occurring in the northeastern part of the Greek mainland and on the Eastern Aegean islands. Tiheron is situated 3 km outside the border of Dadia LSFReserve in the lowland near Evros (Maritsa) River. The species is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
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Isophya speciosa (Frivaldszky, 1867) BG. Published localities. Haskovo area; Harmanli; Harmanli area (all after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1930, as Barbitistes sp.; TSCHORBADJIEV, 1932, 1936; PESCHEV, 1953, all as I. amplipennis Br. W.; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958, as I. tenuicerca Rme; PESCHEV, 1971); Malko Gradishte; Valche Pole (both after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936, as I. amplipennis Br. W.); Ivaylovgrad (ATANASSOV et al., 1955, as I. tenuicerca Rme). The species was reported without exact locality for the Eastern Rhodopes also by PESCHEV (1964) as well as for Kardjali District by PESCHEV (1971). New localities. Popsko, 2 ††, 3.6.1965; Plevun, 1 ‡, 3.6.1965, 6 ††, 6 ‡‡, 5.6.1965 and 4 ††, 1 ‡, 20.6.1969; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 4.6.1965; Ivaylovgrad area, 3 ‡‡, 18.7.1964; Dabovets, 2 ‡‡, 18.6.1969, all leg. GP. Material: 26 specimens. Adults: May – July. A female collected by P. Tschorbadjiev outside but close to the border of the area in Svilengrad on 10.6.1930 has been identified by B. Uvarov as Isophya amplipennis. Isophya petkovi Peschev, 1959 BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad (PESCHEV, 1971); Knizhovnik (PESCHEV, 1975); Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1959a, 1964, 1971, 1975); Popsko; Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1971, 1975). New localities. Kardjali, 5 last instar larvae ††, 4 last instar larvae ‡‡, 26.5.1964; Kardjali area, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 30.5.1965; Podkova, 2 last instar larvae ††, 26.5.1964; Krumovgrad, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 23.5.1964 and 1 last instar larva †, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 1.6.1965; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 18.6.1970, all leg. GP; Valche Pole, 1 †, 30.6.2003, leg. N. Tsankov; Plevun, 1 †, 5.6.1965, 2 ††, 20.6.1969 and 5 ††, 2 ‡‡, 20.6.1970, all leg. GP. Material: 79 specimens. Adults: end of May – July. According to PESCHEV (1959a) the species was described after a male holotype and 3 †† and 3 ‡‡ paratypes from Harmanliyska Reka Valley, 21.5.1958, at that time kept in the Institute of Zoology, Sofia. The collection of G. Peschev is now deposited in NMNH Sofia. A recent examination showed that the type series consists of 1 ‡, 2 last instar larvae †† and 4 last instar larvae ‡‡ from 21-22.5.1958. I. petkovi was collected 20 years before its description at the same place (Harmanli, 2 ††, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski). A South Bulgarian endemic species with a range including the Upper Thracian Lowland, the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes and the southern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Isophya hospodar hospodar (Saussure, 1898) BG. Published localities. Stramni Ridge near Momchilgrad, 600 m (PESCHEV, 1964, as I. burmevi Nedelk.; PESCHEV, 1971, 1975); Popsko (PESCHEV, 1971, 1975); Ivaylovgrad (KIS & PESCHEV, 1967). Material: 16 specimens. Adults: end of May – June. The specimens were identified by G. Peschev as Isophya burmevi. It is very likely that KIS & PESCHEV (1967) have entered the two Rhodopean localities as “Ivaylovgrad”. If the subspecies of Isophya hospodar, i.e. I. hospodar hospodar and I. hospodar medimontana
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Nedelkov, 1908, are different taxa, the material from the Eastern Rhodopes belongs to the nominate subspecies. A South Bulgarian endemic species and subspecies. Isophya sp. (cf. leonorae Kaltenbach, 1965) GR. Papikion Mts. (WERNER, 1937, as Isophya sp. n.?; WILLEMSE, 1984); Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Both specimens from the two localities are females and WILLEMSE (1984) and INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ(1985) cannot place them with certainty as belonging to Isophya leonorae. The short description of the unidentified female by WERNER (1937) corresponds to the only description of a female of I. leonorae by INGRISCH (1981). Only the ovipositor of the Werner’s specimen is considerably shorter and corresponds to that of Isophya hospodar (12 mm, as opposed to 17.3 mm in I. leonorae). Nevertheless, most likely the females reported by Werner and by Ingrisch and Pavićević belong to I. leonorae because it is the only species of Isophya in the Greek mainland. I. leonorae is a rare local Greek endemic species. Its range, verified by males, includes a small area of Makedhonia Region (Northeastern Greece) between the Vrondous Mts. and the Lekanis Mts. Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) BG. Published locality. Krumovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 ‡, 4.7.1962; Chorbadjiysko, 1 †, 22.7.1964; Harmanli, 1 larva †, 20.5.1958; Plevun, 1 †, 20.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad area, 2 ††, 22.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 29 specimens. Adults: end of June – early August (in Bulgaria from May). GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Amorion (WILLEMSE, 1984). The published specimens from Krumovgrad, 4.8.1963 (16 ††, 5 ‡‡ altogether according to PESCHEV, 1975), are labelled “600 m alt.”, i.e. UTM LF99 (12 ††, 7 ‡‡), and without altitude, i.e. UTM LF89 (1 †, 3 ‡‡). A Balkan endemic genus and species occurring in the northeastern and central part of the Balkan Peninsula. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) BG. Published localities. Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). The specimens collected early in August were not found in the collection of NMNH Sofia. Adults in Bulgaria: from July. GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A rare species in Bulgaria, known from Belasitsa, Slavyanka and the Eastern Rhodopes mountains and recently established in two other localities by CHOBANOV (in press). Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) BG. New localities. Meden Buk, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 4 ††, 2 ‡‡, 1819.7.1964 and 1 †, 4.6.1965, all leg. GP. Material: 11 specimens. Adults: June – July (in Bulgaria until September).
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GR. Tiheron; Lira (both after WILLEMSE, 1984); Lavara (WILLEMSE, 1984; KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853) BG. Published localities. Haskovo area; Harmanli area; Malko Gradishte; Valche Pole (all after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936). New localities. Zlatograd, 2 ‡‡, 26.6.1961, leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 ‡, July 1927, leg. T. Tenev, 2 ‡‡, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski and 4 ‡‡, 25.6.1939, leg. J. Zonkov; Dabovets, 2 ‡‡, 18.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 1 ‡, 20.7.1964; Ivaylovgrad area, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 18.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 18 specimens. Adults: May – July (in Bulgarian lowlands until September). GR. Tiheron (WILLEMSE, 1982b, 1984); Lavara (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Amorion (WILLEMSE, 1982b, 1984). This species is common in Bulgaria and rare in Greece. The Greek part of its range covers with certainty the regions of Makedhonia and Thraki between the Vrondous Mts. and the Evros River, while the records from Kerkira Island and Ipiros need confirmation according to WILLEMSE (1984). Poecilimon zwicki Ramme, 1939 BG. Published locality. Varbitsa Valley near Momchilgrad (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Valche Pole, 1 ‡, 30.6.2003, leg. N. Tsankov; Meden Buk, 7 ††, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 3 ††, 19.7.1964, 5 ††, 19.6.1969 and 2 ††, 1 ‡, 19.6.1970, 1 †, without date; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 4.8.1963 and 1 †, 20.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 27 specimens. Adults: June – early August. GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kamenos Lofos; 1 km NW of Kapsalo Summit (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Amorion (WILLEMSE, 1982b, 1984). A Balkan endemic species distributed in Southwestern Bulgaria, in both parts of the investigated area and the Greek regions of Thraki and the eastern third of Makedhonia. Poecilimon brunneri (Frivaldszky, 1867) BG. Published localities. Haskovo area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936); Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958); Harmanli area; Malko Gradishte; Valche Pole (all after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936). New localities. Madan, 12 ††, 5 ‡‡, 5.7.1962; Zlatograd, 2 ††, 25.6.1961; Kardjali, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 23.6.1969; Momchilgrad, 15 ††, 3 ‡‡, 24.6.1961 and 1 ‡, 4.7.1962; Podkova, 4 ††, 25.6.1961; Chorbadjiysko, 1 †, 22.6.1969; NE of Krumovgrad, 600 m, 7 ††, 9 ‡‡, 4.8.1963; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 18.6.1969 and 4 ††, 2 ‡‡, 18.6.1970; Plevun, 1 †, 20.6.1969; Meden Buk, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 18.7.1964 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 19.6.1970; Ivaylovgrad, 4 ††, 3 ‡‡, 4.8.1963, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 20.7.1964 and 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 87 specimens. Adults: May – August (in Bulgarian lowlands until October). GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); seventeen localities in all the territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the northern
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and southern strictly protected areas (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1982b, 1984). Poecilimon miramae Ramme, 1933 GR. Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1982b, 1984, both incorrect as Elasokhorion). This is the only locality of the species in Greece. MECONEMATIDAE Meconema thalassinum (De Geer, 1773) GR. 6 km N of Essimi, 700 m; Dadia Monastery (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). A rare species in Greece, established in the northern part of the country (regions of Ipiros, Makedhonia and Thraki). CONOCEPHALIDAE Conocephalinae Conocephalus hastatus (Charpentier, 1825) BG. Published localities. Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). Material: not present. Adults: early August (in Bulgaria from July to September). GR. 1 km N of Dadia; 4 km WNW of Kornofolea; 5 km NNW of Souflion (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon; Valtos (both after WILLEMSE, 1984, as C. hastatum). This is a rare species in Greece, reported from the regions of Makedhonia (easternmost part) and Thraki. Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (KALTENBACH, 1967b; WILLEMSE, 1984, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915; INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915); Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984, as C. discolor Thunberg, 1915). Conocephalus ebneri Harz, 1966 GR. Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). A Balkan endemic and very rare species, known only from three localities in Albania and Greece (regions of Ipiros and Thraki). Copiphorinae Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975, as Homorocoryphus nitidulus Scop.). New locality. Mandritsa, 9 ††, 1 ‡, 18-19.7.1964, leg. GP. Material: 10 specimens. Adults: July – October. GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984).
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TETTIGONIIDAE Tettigoniinae Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. New localities. Madan, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 5.7.1962; Krumovgrad, 1 larva †, 1.6.1965, all leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 larva †, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 larva †, 1 larva ‡, 20-28.5.2001 and 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 1 larva †, 28.5.-8.6.2001, all leg. H. Eturska; Harmanli, 2 ‡‡, 15.6.1939, leg. B. Achtaroff, 1 last instar larva †, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski, 2 ‡‡, 25.6.1939, leg. J. Zonkov and 1 larva ‡, 20.5.1958, leg. GP; Dabovets, 1 †, 1 ‡, 18.6.1969, leg. GP; Valche Pole, 1 ‡, 30.6.2003, leg. N. Tsankov; Plevun, 1 ‡, 20.6.1969 and 2 ††, 20.6.1970; Meden Buk, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964 and 2 ††, 19.6.1970; Svirachi, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 19.6.1969, all leg. GP. Material: 30 specimens. Adults: June – July (in Bulgarian lowlands until September). GR. Nea Chili; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 1 km SW of Lefkimmi; 3 km WSW of Kornofolea (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Evros District, without exact localities (WILLEMSE, 1984). Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier, 1845) BG. Published localities. Chorbadjiysko (PESCHEV, 1975); Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958). New locality. Svirachi, 1 †, 19.6.1969, leg. GP. Material: 8 specimens. Adults: June – July (in Bulgaria from May to August). GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Ladi (WILLEMSE, 1984). Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. New localities. Madan, 1 †, 5.7.1962; Zlatograd, 1 †, 26.6.1961; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 23-24.6.1961, all leg. GP; Susam, 1 ‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Knizhovnik, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 21.6.1961, leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 †, 5 ‡‡, 15.6.1939, leg. B. Achtaroff, 2 ‡‡, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski, 3 †† and 9 ‡‡, 25.6.1939, leg. J. Zonkov; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 18.6.1970; Ivaylovgrad, 1 ‡, 20.7.1964 and 1 ‡, 22.7.1969, all leg. GP. Material: 34 specimens. Adults: June – August (in Bulgarian lowlands until September). GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 4 km N of Essimi (KALTENBACH, 1967b); 1 km SW of Lefkimmi; 3 km WSW of Kornofolea; 4 km WNW of Kornofolea (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984). According to INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ(1985) the specimens from Chara Koma resemble subsp. longipennis Nedelkov, 1908 (= gracilis Uvarov, 1930), while in Greek Macedonia there are typical specimens of subsp. crassus Gцtz, 1970 and also in Northeastern Greece there are specimens with transitional characteristics of both subspecies and a few specimens of subsp. verrucivorus. BURESCH & PESCHEV (1958) consider longipennis an aberration only. Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Mandritsa (both after PESCHEV, 1975).
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New localities. Momchilgrad, 27.8.1996, D. Chobanov observed; Krumovgrad, 1 †, 21.7.1964, leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 last instar larva †, 2 larvae ‡‡, 15.6.1939, leg. B. Achtaroff, 2 last instar larvae ††, 1 last instar larva ‡, 1 larva ‡, 25.6.1939, leg. J. Zonkov and 2 †† collected and many specimens observed, 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov leg. and obs. Material: 18 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: July – October. GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b); one locality in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alexandroupolis (KALTENBACH, 1965); ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); two localities in Evros District (WILLEMSE, 1984). Platycleis (Platycleis) albopunctata grisea (Fabricius, 1781) and Platycleis (Platycleis) intermedia (Serville, 1839) According to the current bioacoustical investigations the two taxa differ considerably in terms of song pattern and acoustical behaviour (HELLER, 1988). The morphological distinctions of the specimens, divided according to their acoustical peculiarities, do not correspond to the distinguishing features of the two species used earlier. Because of that, the identification of the museum specimens is doubtful. Platycleis cf. albopunctata grisea BG. New localities. Chorbadjiysko, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1964; Ivaylovgrad, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 20.7.1964, all leg. GP. GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as P. grisea transiens Zeuner, 1941). Platycleis cf. intermedia BG. New localities. Krumovgrad, 3 ‡‡, 21.7.1964; Meden Buk, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 18.7.1964; Ivaylovgrad, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 20.7.1964, all leg. GP. GR. Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as P. intermedia); Makri (WERNER, 1938, as P. intermedia; WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. intermedia intermedia); nine localities in all the territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as P. intermedia). Platycleis sp. (albopunctata grisea or intermedia) BG. New localities: Kardjali, 2 ††, 23.6.1969, leg. GP; Haskovo, 1 †, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov. Material of the two species from BG: 22 specimens. Adults: end of June – July (in Bulgarian lowlands until October). Obviously the specimens from Haskovo have been identified and reported erroneously by NEDELKOV (1908) as Platycleis affinis. Platycleis (Platycleis) affinis Fieber, 1853 BG. New localities. Susam, 1 †, 1 ‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Momchilgrad, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 4.7.1962; Krumovgrad, 1 ‡, 21.7.1964; Meden Buk, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964; Ivaylovgrad, 1 ‡, 4.8.1963, 2 ‡‡, 20.7.1964 and 11 ††, 5 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 29 specimens. Adults: July – August (in Bulgarian lowlands until October). GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. affinis affinis);
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Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. affinis affinis). The data of NEDELKOV (1908) for Haskovo concern Platycleis sp. (albopunctata grisea or intermedia), not this species – see above1. Platycleis (Platycleis) escalerai Bolivar, 1899 GR. Hill W of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 4 km WNW of Lira; 4 km NNW of Dadia; 5 km NNW of Souflion (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984). Platycleis (Tessellana) vittata (Charpentier, 1825) BG. Published locality. Haskovo (NEDELKOV, 1908). Material: not present. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria until September). Although this species has not been found for almost 100 years, there are no reasons to think that it does not occur at least in the northern parts of the investigated area. Platycleis (Tessellana) nigrosignata (Costa, 1863) BG. Published locality. Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1971, as Tessellana nigrosignata; PESCHEV, 1975). New locality. 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 larva †, 28.5.-8.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska. Material: 29 specimens. Adults: early August. GR. South of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Valtos (WILLEMSE, 1984). A rare species in Bulgaria, established outside the investigated area in three localities only (the mountains of Slavyanka, Strandja and Eastern Stara Planina). Platycleis (Tessellana) sporadarum (Werner, 1933) GR. Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). The species was separated earlier in the monotypical subgenus Sporadiana. A Greek endemic and very rare species. Its range includes only the above mentioned localities and the islands of Lesbos and Khios. Platycleis (Tessellana) incerta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 BG. Published localities. Zlatograd (PESCHEV, 1971, 1975, both as Incertana incerta); Kardjali (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958, as Tessellana orina Burr; PESCHEV, 1962, 1971, 1975, the last three as Incertana incerta); Podkova (PESCHEV, 1975, as Incertana incerta);
1
Platycleis (Platycleis) sp. – larvae BG. Unidentifiable young larvae and last instar larvae, belonging to one of the above mentioned three species of the nominate subgenus, originate from the following localities: Zlatograd; Momchilgrad; Harmanli; Dabovets; Mezek. Material: 15 larvae.
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Haskovo – Hisarlaka (NEDELKOV, 1923, as P. truncata Werner); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975, as Incertana incerta). New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 4.7.1962, leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 larva †, 28.5.-8.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Dabovets, 1 †, 20.7.1968; Meden Buk, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Ladja, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 21 specimens collected and some specimens observed. Adults: July – October. GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); sixteen localities in all the territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion); Valtos; Filakion (both after WILLEMSE, 1984). Metrioptera (Metrioptera) fedtschenkoi ambitiosa Uvarov, 1924 GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). This is a Balkan endemic subspecies but its status and systematic position as subspecies and its occurrence as species are unclear. The known range of Metrioptera fedtschenkoi ambitiosa covers the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The Greek localities are situated in the lowland near the rivers of Ardas and Erithropotamos or near the Aegean Sea Coast. This taxon is found at Svilengrad too, 10 km outside the border of the investigated area in Bulgaria, and also near a big river, Maritsa (Evros) River (PESCHEV, 1964, 1971, both as Roeseliana ambitiosa, PESCHEV, 1975; 28 specimens preserved in NMNH Sofia). As a hygrophilous species M. fedtschenkoi ambitiosa is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
Metrioptera (Metrioptera) oblongicollis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 BG. Published localities. Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). New locality. Chorbadjiysko, 1 last instar larva †, 22.7.1964, leg. GP. Material: 9 specimens. Adults: July – August. GR. Eight localities in almost the whole territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). A Balkan endemic species distributed throughout the whole Balkan Peninsula except for its northwestern part. Sepiana sepium (Yersin, 1854) BG. Published localities. Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Chorbadjiysko, 1 ‡, 22.7.1964; Cherni Rid, 1 †, 6 ‡‡, 20.7.1964; Plevun, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 22 specimens. Adults: July – August. GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Lira (WILLEMSE, 1984); 1 km NW of Kapsalo
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Summit; 1 km N of Katratzides; unnamed summit 4 km W of Gianouli, 650 m; 2 km WNW of Gianouli; 5 km NNW of Souflion (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Platycleis sepium). PESCHEV (1971: 209) writes that S. sepium inhabits the same habitat in the Eastern Rhodopes as Eupholidoptera smyrnensis, but a few pages down, when he lists all known localities of the former species in Bulgaria, he does not mention any record from the region (PESCHEV, 1971: 213). Pholidoptera sp. BG. Published locality. Plevun (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Harmanli, 1 larva, 20.5.1958; Dabovets, 10 ††, 2 ‡‡, 18.6.1969 and 1 last instar larva ‡, 18.6.1970, all leg. GP; Valche Pole, 1 ‡, 30.6.2003, leg. N. Tsankov. Material: 76 specimens. Adults: June. GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ph. aptera bulgarica Maran, 1952); Pessani Bridge; Kamenos Lofos; Pessani; 1 km NW of Kapsalo Summit; 1 km S of Katratzides; unnamed summit 4 km W of Gianouli, 650 m (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Ph. aptera bulgarica Maran, 1952). Most likely PESCHEV (1974) had had in mind the material from Plevun when he reported Pholidoptera brevipes as a dominant species in the shrub vegetation in the Ivaylovgrad area. Ph. brevipes Ramme, 1939 is however an inhabitant of the steppe, not of the bush as other species of Pholidoptera (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). PESCHEV (1971) writes that RAMME (1951) had incorrectly included the Eastern Rhodopes, Sakar Mts. and Strandja Mts. in the range of Pholidoptera aptera karnyi Ebner, 1908. RAMME (1951) however does not mention this subspecies (the species too) from the Eastern Rhodopes and Sakar. Pholidoptera sp. is an endemic taxon spread in the lowlands and foothills of South Bulgaria. Its taxonomic status is not clear. The epiphallus shape and the teeth number on each epiphallus arm are quite variable even in one specimen. The species belongs to the aptera-group but differs from the other species. The possible taxa may be the Balkan endemics Pholidoptera macedonica cavallae Kaltenbach, 1965 and Pholidoptera aptera bulgarica Mařan, 1953. POPOV (1997) regarded Ph. aptera bulgarica not as a distinct subspecies but most likely as an ecological form only. Reporting Ph. aptera bulgarica from the Greek part of the mountain, INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985) and KATI & WILLEMSE (2001) mention that the species-group needs revision (see also WILLEMSE, 1984). Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853) GR. Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion; KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Elafochori); Lavara (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). These are the only localities of the species in Greece. Eupholidoptera smyrnensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Podkova (both after PESCHEV, 1971, 1975); Mandritsa (PESCHEV, 1974, as Ivaylovgrad area, PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 larva ‡, 22.6.1961, leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 larva ‡, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski.
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Material: 7 specimens. Adults: July – October. GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Nea Chili (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Tiheron; Souflion; Amorion (all after WILLEMSE, 1980, 1984). A larva, collected 2 km NE of Madjarovo at 160 m a.s.l. in a Malaise trap in an ecotone between the riverside vegetation on Arda River and a xerothermic wood during the period 29.4.-20.5.2001 by H. Eturska, most likely belongs to this species. A rare species in Bulgaria established outside the investigated area only in the Struma Valley and the Sakar Mts. Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) BG. Published locality. Plevun (PESCHEV, 1975). Eastern Rhodopes up to 1000 m (PESCHEV, 1975). New locality. Harmanli, 1 †, July 1927, leg. T. Tenev. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: July (in Bulgarian lowlands from June to September). GR. Chara Koma, 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985; KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 1 km NW of Kapsalo Summit (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). A rare species in Greece known from Thessaloniki District and the Eastern Rhodopes only. Bucephaloptera bucephala (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) BG. Published localities. Kardjali (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958; PESCHEV, 1975); Podkova; Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 larva †, 22.6.1961, leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 larva †, 22.6.1939, leg. J. Zonkov; Ladja, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva †, 3.8.1963, leg. GP. Material: 42 specimens. Adults: July – October. GR. 5 km NNW of Essimi; Nea Chili (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); fourteen localities all over the territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984)1. Pterolepis germanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958; PESCHEV, 1975, both as Rhacocleis germanica); Podkova; Momchilgrad; Ivaylovgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as Rhacocleis germanica). New localities. Dabovets, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968; Ladja, 1 †, 3.8.1963, both leg. GP. Material: 23 specimens. Adults: July – October. GR. Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1982a, 1984, both as Rhacocleis germanica); ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of 1
Psorodonotus fieberi (Fieber, 1853) BG. A female in the collection of NMNH Sofia is labelled “Haskovo, 2.7.1932, leg. V. Bandarski”. Certainly there is a misidentification of the locality because the species occurs in the high mountain only at an altitude above 1200-1600 m.
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Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Rhacocleis germanica); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as Rhacocleis germanica); Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Rhacocleis germanica); seven localities in near the whole territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Lavara (WILLEMSE, 1982a, 1984, both as Rhacocleis germanica); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984, as Rhacocleis germanica). Saginae Saga natoliae Serville, 1839 BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Harmanli (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Cherni Rid, 1 †, 12.8.1965, leg. V. Beshkov; Sheynovets Summit above Mezek, 500 m, xerophilous Quercus wood in rocky karst, 1 †, 1.7.2003, leg. N. Tsankov. Material: 8 specimens. Adults: end of June – August. GR. Maronia (WILLEMSE, 1984); Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 6 km N of Essimi, 700 m; SE of Tris Vrisses (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Loutros; Souflion (both after WILLEMSE, 1984). The data of PESCHEV (1975) for Plevun (larvae collected on 5.6.1965) and perhaps also those for Ivaylovgrad (larvae collected on 3.6.1965) refer to Saga campbelli gracilis. An attractive species with low density of populations. Both species of Saga in the area are two of the peculiar inhabitants of the Submediterranean areas in Bulgaria. Saga campbelli gracilis Kis, 1962 BG. New localities. Momchilgrad, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 24.6.1961; Plevun, 2 larvae ††, 5.6.1965 (PESCHEV, 1975, as S. natoliae) and 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 20.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3.8.1963 and 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva †, 20.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 9 specimens. Adults: end of July – early August. GR. Kallithea Summit near Tris Vrisses; Pessani Bridge (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as S. campbelli Uvarov, 1921). The present specimens are the first records of the subspecies in Bulgaria, which is reported from these and another localities as new to the country by CHOBANOV (in press). KALTENBACH (1964) considered as highly probably that Saga italica gracilis Kis from North Dobrogea (Romania) is a synonym of Saga campbelli Uvarov, 1921 and reported the latter species erroneously for Bulgaria. Three years later he regarded the material from Bulgaria as belonging to a new species, transferred subsp. gracilis from S. italica to S. campbelli and assumed that S. campbelli gracilis is very likely to occur along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast (KALTENBACH, 1967a). Perhaps this is the reason for WILLEMSE (1984: 17) to include Bulgaria in the range of the subspecies. On the basis of this opinion POPOV (1998) registered S. campbelli gracilis from “East Bulgaria” in the list of the Balkan endemic taxa in Bulgaria and KATI & WILLEMSE (2001) too mentioned Bulgaria in the range of the subspecies. Anyway, it seems that the division of the species into subspecies is somewhat unproven (Heller, pers. comm., in CHOBANOV, in press).
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An attractive and rare Balkan endemic species and subspecies with low population density. S. campbelli gracilis is distributed in Dobrogea (Romania), European Turkey, the Eastern Rhodopes and the islands of Samothrace and Lemnos, the other (nominate) subspecies in Macedonia, Bulgaria (Struma Valley) and Greece (Eastern Makedhonia and Western Thraki). BRADYPORIDAE Ephippigerinae Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) BG. New locality. Kardjali, 1 †, 15.10.1963, leg. GP. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: October (in Bulgaria from July). The status of the two subspecies described from Bulgaria seems unclear. Bradyporinae Bradyporus dasypus (Illiger, 1800) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Haskovo; Harmanli (all after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1958); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Mineralni Bani, 1 larva ‡, 13 [=26] May 1900, leg. D. Ioakimov; Haskovo area, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡, 20.6.1932, leg. V. Bandarski; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 21.6.1961, leg. GP; Perperek, 1 †, 25.6.1924, leg. N. Miladinov; Krumovgrad, 1 larva †, 23.5.1964; Dabovets, 1 †, 18.6.1969 and 1 †, 18.6.1970; Plevun, 3 last instar larva ††, 2 last instar larva ‡‡, 5.6.1965 and 1 †, 20.6.1970, all leg. GP; 2 km W of Ivaylovgrad, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov observed; Mandritsa, 1 †, 19.6.1970, leg. GP. Material: 33 specimens collected and some specimens observed. Adults: end of May – August (in Bulgaria until September). Both species of the subfamily Bradyporinae are attractive and the most peculiar steppe inhabitants in the area. Callimenus macrogaster (Lefebvre, 1831) BG. Published localities. Ladja; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975, as C. longicollis Fieb.). New localities. Plevun, 1 last instar larva †, 1 larva †, 3 larvae ‡‡, 5.6.1965, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 20.6.1969 and 1 ‡, 20.6.1970; Ivaylovgrad area, 1 ‡, 18.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 15 specimens. Adults: June – August. GR. Ca. 12 km NNE of Essimi (KALTENBACH, 1965, as Bradyporus macrogaster macrogaster); SE of Tris Vrisses; 4 km WNW of Kornofolea (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). The species is reported from Bulgaria as Callimenus longicollis Fieber, 1853. This taxon is now considered as a subspecies of Callimenus macrogaster. Because the differentiation of the subspecies does not seem confirmed, only the species name is used here. An attractive species, rare in Greece, known from the Eastern Rhodopes and Rhodes Island, and decreasing its population density in Bulgaria.
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RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE Troglophilinae Troglophilus neglectus Krauss, 1879 BG. Locality in unpublished report. Karagug Cave (Kr 2), 27.4.1996, leg. B. Petrov, P. Stoev (PETROV & STOEV, 1997). New localities. Vodnata Peshtera Cave (Sm 50), under stones in sand and guano, remains of 1 ‡, 31.7.1999, leg. B. Petrov, V. Beshkov and in guano, 1 ‡, 1 larva ‡, 12.12.2000, leg. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov; artificial gallery near the bridge in Dyadovskiyat Kemer site near Dyadovtsi, 1 larva ‡, 29.7.1999, leg. B. Petrov, V. Beshkov; Gyaurhambar Cave (Kr 26), under stones, 1 larva ‡, 12.12.2000, leg. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov; Hasarskata Peshtera Cave (Kr 3), on the wall, 1 †, 1 ‡, 3.8.1999, leg. B. Petrov, V. Beshkov; Zlatnata Yama Cave (Kr 14), 2 ‡‡, 20.7.1996, leg. T. Ivanova, T. Troanski; Naredenite Kamani Cave (Kr 23), 20.4.1995, B. Petrov observed. Material: 9 specimens collected and some specimens observed. Adults: probably throughout the year. So far the Bulgarian populations were considered as belonging to the endemic subspecies Troglophilus neglectus vlasinensis Mařan, 1958. The status of this subspecies, described on the basis of two females only (MAŘAN, 1958c), would however be unclear until a revision of the material from all parts of the species range has been done. The eastern border of the distribution of Troglophilus neglectus crosses the Eastern Rhodopes along the line Kardjali – Djebel – Kirkovo. This taxon is protected by the Bulgarian nature conservation legislation. T. neglectus vlasinensis is a Balkan endemic subspecies distributed in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. GRYLLIDAE Gryllinae Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758 BG. Published localities. Haskovo (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1926b); Harmanli (BURESCH & LASAROFF, 1957). New localities. Zlatograd, 1 last instar larva †, 1 larva ‡, 28.9.1955; Podkova, 1 larva ‡, 17.10.1963 and 1 †, 26.5.1964; Plevun, 1 ‡, 5.6.1965; Ivaylovgrad, 1 larva, 4.8.1963; Mandritsa, 1 †, 19.6.1970, all leg. GP. Material: 7 specimens. Adults: May – June (in Bulgaria from April to July). GR. Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 1 km SW of Lefkimmi; 1 km N of Dadia (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. New locality. Harmanli, 1 ‡, 15.6.1939, leg. B. Achtaroff. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: June (in Bulgaria throughout the year). A synanthropic species.
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Melanogryllus desertus (Pallas, 1771) BG. New localities. Kardjali, 1 last instar larva †, 12.10.1927, leg. G. Gogov, 1 larva †, 25.9.1955, 2 last instar larvae ††, 5 last instar larvae ‡‡, 1 larva †, 3 larvae ‡‡, 1516.10.1963 and 4 ††, 5 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 26.5.1964, all leg. GP; Kardjali area, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva †, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 1 ‡, 22.6.1961 and 3 ††, 1 ‡, 25.5.1964; Podkova, 1 †, 25.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 1 †, 23.5.1964 and 3 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 1.6.1965; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 1 last instar larva †, 26.4.1962, all leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 †, 15.6.1939, leg. B. Achtaroff, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 20-21.5.1958 and 1 last instar larva †, 1 larva ‡, 22.4.1962, all leg. GP; Dabovets, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 18.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 6 ††, 5 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 21.5.1964; Mandritsa, 7 ††, 7 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 22.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 80 specimens. Adults: May – June (in Bulgaria from April to July). GR. Nea Chili; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 3 km WSW of Kornofolea (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Tartarogryllus burdigalensis [sic!]). Modicogryllus frontalis (Fieber, 1844) BG. New localities. Kardjali, 1 last instar larva †, 26.5.1964; Momchilgrad, 1 last instar larva †, 26.5.1964; Krumovgrad, 1 last instar larva †, 23.5.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 21.6.1961; Harmanli, 3 last instar larvae ††, 20-21.5.1958 and 1 larva †, 1 larva, 23.4.1962; Dabovets, 2 ††, 18.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 1 last instar larva †, 21.5.1964; Mandritsa, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 22.6.1961 and 1 †, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 22.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 21 specimens. Adults: May – June (in Bulgaria until July). Gryllomorphinae Gryllomorpha dalmatina (Ocskay, 1832) BG. Localities in an unpublished report. Zlatnata Yama Cave (Kr 14), 27.4.1996, leg. B. Petrov, P. Stoev; Naredenite Kamani Cave (Kr 23), 20.4.1995, leg. B. Petrov; Zmiyarnika Cave (Kr 8) (all after PETROV & STOEV, 1997). New localities. Aina Ini Cave (Kr 12), 2 larvae ‡‡, 11.10.1995, leg. P. Stoev, B. Petrov; Rupata Cave (Kr 16), under stones in guano, 1 larva †, 6.11.1999, leg. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, D. Vassilev; Gouk In Cave (Kr 7), 1 larva †, 21.4.1996, leg. B. Petrov, P. Stoev and 2 larvae ††, 2 larvae ‡‡, 27.4.2002, leg. B. Petrov; military bunkers on Kodja Kaya Hill near Odrintsi, 1 ‡, 1 larva †, 5.11.1999, leg. B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, D. Vassilev. Material: 10 specimens. Adults: November (in Bulgaria probably throughout the year). GR. 2 km SE of Makri (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Dadia Village (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). The material from three caves (Kr 8, Kr 14, Kr 23) is given in an unpublished report (PETROV & STOEV, 1997). The specimens were mentioned as pertaining to Gryllomorpha dalmatina, the only species of the genus known by that time in Bulgaria. The present authors have not seen specimens from the three caves, but they attribute the records to this species because the checked material from other caves in the Eastern Rhodopes belongs to G. dalmatina.
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The populations from the Struma Valley (the only published populations from Bulgaria) were described as Gryllomorpha dalmatina strumae Andreeva, 1982. The status of this endemic subspecies needs revision. The specimens, which are mentioned here, are the first ones found in caves in Bulgaria. Gryllomorpha sp. (cf. miramae Medvedev, 1933) BG. New locality. Ladja, under stone, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: August (in Bulgaria until September). The above mentioned female from Ladja, as well as more abundant material from another locality, including males, is the first record of this very rare taxon in Bulgaria. The specimen from Ladja is reported by CHOBANOV (in press) as possibly belonging to Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorphella) cf. miramae, a taxon new to the Balkan Peninsula. The range of G. miramae known so far includes a territory between Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Finding of adult males of Gryllomorpha in the investigated area will solve the problem of which species inhabit the Eastern Rhodopes as well as how many and which species occur in Bulgaria. Discoptila buresi Mařan, 1958 BG. Locality in an unpublished report. Tilki Ini Cave (Kr 1) (PETROV & STOEV, 1997, p. 200: as Dyscoptila [sic!] sp., probably bureschi [sic!] and p. 211: as Discoptyla [sic!] sp.). New locality. Ladja, on the wall of a house, 1 †, 5.11.1999, leg. B. Petrov. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: November (in Bulgaria June and November). In terms of its genitalia the male from Ladja corresponds to the redescription of the paratype (POPOV, 1984) and has a well-developed spermatophore. A very rare relict Bulgarian endemic species known so far only with its type material (MAŘAN, 1958a): 2 †† from Aladja Manastir near Varna on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The species of Discoptila have restricted ranges in the Mediterranean Subregion, part of them was found only in caves. Nemobiinae Pteronemobius heydeni (Fischer, 1853) BG. New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 †, 1 ‡, 22.6.1961 and 1 †, 25.5.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 21.6.1961; Harmanli, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ††, 3 last instar larvae ‡‡, 20-22.5.1958, all leg. GP. Material: 14 specimens. Adults: end of May – June (in Bulgaria until July). GR. Ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Nea Chili; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Pessani Bridge (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as P. heydenii [sic!] concolor (Walker, 1871)). The subspecific status is not clear. Pteronemobius heydeni tartarus (Saussure, 1874) was reported by HARZ (1985b) from the Ograzhden Mts. in Southwestern Bulgaria (HARZ, 1985a) as a species new to Bulgaria (it was actually a new subspecies to the country). Whether the Bulgarian populations belong to this or to the nominate subspecies will not be decided until further investigations are done.
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OECANTHIDAE Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 1 †, 28.9.1955, leg. GP; Susam, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Kardjali, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 25.9.1955, leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 larva, 8-22.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Ivaylovgrad, 4 ††, 4 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 4.8.1963, leg. GP and 1 †, 24.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 23 specimens. Adults: August – September (in Bulgaria from July to October). GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (KALTENBACH, 1967b; WILLEMSE, 1984, as Oe. pellucens pellucens); ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); 1 km NW of Kapsalo Summit; 1 km N of Katratzides; 1 km N of Dadia (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). MOGOPLISTIDAE Arachnocephalus vestitus Costa, 1855 BG. New locality. Kardjali, 1 ‡, 25.9.1955, leg. GP. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: end of September (in Bulgaria from August). A rare species in Bulgaria known from the Black Sea Coast and the Eastern Rhodopes and recently established in another region of the country by CHOBANOV (in press). MYRMECOPHILIDAE Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus (Savi, 1819) BG. New locality. Dyadovtsi, in a nest of Camponotus ligniperda (Latreille, 1802), 1 †, 28.4.2003, leg. A. Gjonova, det. A. Popov1. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: end of April. This is the first record of the species in Bulgaria. Moreover, a host species is reported here for the first time for the family Myrmecophilidae in Bulgaria. The ant species was identified by Dr. A. Gjonova. Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus is distributed in South France, Corsica, Sardinia, Central and South Italy, Austria, Croatia, Bulgaria and Greece (Ipiros Region and Rhodes Island). GRYLLOTALPIDAE Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) s.l. BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad area (BURESCH & LASAROFF, 1957); Bryagovo near Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964). New locality. Krumovgrad, 1 larva, 23.5.1964, leg. GP. Material: 2 specimens. Adults: end of April – May (in Bulgaria most likely throughout the year). 1
During the printing of the present paper, the same male was identified by Dr. Andrej Gorochov as Myrmecophilus hirticaudus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846). The finding of more material will solve the problem with the species belonging of the Eastern Rhodopean Myrmecophilus.
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GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as G. gryllotalpa); Alexandroupolis (WILLEMSE, 1984, as Gryllotalpa sp. with karyotype 2n † = 14). In the last 25 years ten species of Gryllotalpa, most of them from Italy, were described on the basis of chromosome and sound distinguishing characters (HELLER et al., 1998). In Greece Krimbas (after WILLEMSE, 1984) established two unnamed taxa according to the chromosome number. In view of the fact that so far only Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa is published from the Balkan Peninsula, we attribute the material from the Eastern Rhodopes to this species sensu lato. TETRIGIDAE Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. Published locality. Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, as T. subulata and T. subulata f. attenuata Selys). Material: not present. Adults: April (in Bulgaria from November to June). GR. Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). Tetrix bolivari (Saulcy, 1901) BG. Published locality. Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964). New localities. Kardjali area, 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 22.6.1961 and 9 ††, 7 ‡‡, 25.5.1964; Krumovgrad, 1 ‡, 23.5.1964, 5 ††, 3 ‡‡, 21.7.1964 and 10 ††, 13 ‡‡, 2.6.1965; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 28 ††, 23 ‡‡, 26.4.1962; Mandritsa, 1 †, 22.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 116 specimens. Adults: April – July (in Bulgaria throughout the year). GR. Ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar, 1887) GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A rare species in Greece found on Corfu Island and in the regions of Makhedonia and Thraki. Tetrix tuerki (Krauss, 1876) BG. New localities. Momchilgrad, 1 ‡, 22.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 2 ‡‡, 21.7.1964 and 1 ‡, 2.6.1965; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 1 larva, 26.4.1962, all leg. GP. Material: 7 specimens. Adults: April – July (in Bulgaria from October to July). Tetrix tenuicornis Sahlberg, 1893 BG. Published locality. Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, as T. nutans nutans Hag.). New localities. Madan, 1 last instar larva †, 5.7.1962; Kardjali, 1 last instar larva †, 26.5.1964; Kardjali area, 1 last instar larva †, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 last instar larva †, 22.6.1961; Chorbadjiysko, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 22.7.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 21.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 5 last instar larvae ‡‡, 21.7.1964 and 1 last instar larva †, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 2.6.1965, all leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between river-
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side vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 ‡, 8-22.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska. Material: 51 specimens. Adults: April – June (in Bulgaria throughout the year). Uvarovitettix depressus (Brisout de Barneville, 1848) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 28-29.9.1955; Kardjali, 3 ††, 1 ‡, 26.9.1955, 1 ‡, 15.10.1963 and 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 26.5.1964; Kardjali area, 9 ††, 5 ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 22.6.1961, 1 ‡, 4.7.1962 and 9 ††, 12 ‡‡, 25.5.1964; Chorbadjiysko, 1 ‡, 22.7.1964; Mineralni Bani, 2 ‡‡, 27.4.1962, all leg. GP; Haskovo, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov; Krumovgrad, 5 ††, 1 ‡, 23.5.1964 and 8 ††, 4 ‡‡, 2.6.1965; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 21 ††, 32 ‡‡, 26.4.1962, all leg. GP; Harmanli, 6 ††, 7 ‡‡, 20-22.5.1958, 11 ††, 17 ‡‡, 22-23.4.1962, all leg. GP and 2 ‡‡, 16-17.6.1962, leg. M. Vitanova; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 †, 12-26.3.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Ivaylovgrad, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡, 21.5.1964 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 20.7.1964; Mandritsa, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 22.5.1964 and 1 †, 18.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 182 specimens. Adults: September – July (in Bulgaria throughout the year). GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Tetrix depressa); 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as Tetrix depressum; WILLEMSE, 1984, as Dasyleurotettix depressus). Paratettix meridionalis (Rambur, 1838) BG. Published localities. Mineralni Bani (PESCHEV, 1964); Bryagovo near Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, 1971); Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1959b, 1964, 1971). New localities. Kardjali area, 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 25.5.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 21.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 1 †, 1 ‡, 23.5.1964, 6 ††, 1 ‡, 21.7.1964 and 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 2.6.1965, all leg. GP; Meden Buk, 3 ††, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Mandritsa, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡, 22.5.1964; Ivaylovgrad, 3 ††, 11 ‡‡, 21.5.1964 and 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 98 specimens. Adults: April – August (in Bulgaria throughout the year). GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Lira (WILLEMSE, 1984). TRIDACTYLIDAE Tridactylinae Xya variegata Latreille, 1809 BG. New localities. Kardjali area, 1 ‡, 30.5.1960; Krumovgrad, 1 ‡, 23.5.1964; Harmanli, 1 †, 20.5.1958; Mandritsa, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva, 22.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 8 specimens. Adults: May (the period of occurrence of adults in Bulgaria is unknown because of confusion of the two species of Xya). GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). The specimens from Bryagovo near Harmanli (26.4.1962) and Harmanli (23.4.1962) identified by PESCHEV (1964) as Tridactylus variegatus were revised and in fact belong to
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Xya pfaendleri (see below), the more common species of the genus in the Eastern Rhodopes. The latter species had not been established in Bulgaria at the time of the publication of that material. Xya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 2 ††, 6 ‡‡, 28.9.1955; Kardjali, 18 ††, 22 ‡‡, 26.5.1964; Kardjali area, 35 ††, 41 ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Momchilgrad, 1 ‡, 24.6.1961 and 6 ‡‡, 25.5.1964; Krumovgrad, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 23.5.1964 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 2.6.1965, all leg. GP; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 4 ‡‡, 26.4.1962, leg. GP (PESCHEV, 1964, as Tridactylus variegatus); Harmanli, 12 ††, 20 ‡‡, 23.4.1962, leg. GP (PESCHEV, 1964, as Tridactylus variegatus) and 4 ††, 18 ‡‡, 20.5.1958, leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 10 ††, 19 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Mandritsa, 1 †, 5 ‡‡, 22.5.1964, leg. GP. Material: 234 specimens. Adults: end of April – September. GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 2 km of Nea Santa (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Lira (WILLEMSE, 1984). These localities are the first exact ones of Xya pfaendleri in Bulgaria. So far the species was reported from “Rhodopes” as very rare (PESCHEV, 1975) and from “Southwestern Bulgaria” as rare (PESCHEV & ANDREEVA, 1986). In fact X. pfaendleri is abundant in its characteristic habitat but it has been mistaken for Xya variegata. The two species occur together in the investigated area. In full agreement with WILLEMSE (1984) and INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985) and in contrast to HARZ (1975) stridulatory pegs on the inner surface of the male elytra are present in the specimens from Bulgaria. PAMPHAGIDAE Pamphaginae Paranocarodes chopardi Pechev, 1965 – Fig. 2 BG. Published locality. Grebena Ridge near Plevun (PESCHEV, 1965, 1971, 1975; BUGROV & GROZEVA, 1998; POPOV, 1998). New localities. Chernyovtsi (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955, as P. straubei (Fieb.)); Studen Kladenets, 1 ‡, 4.5.2000, leg. S. Beshkov; Sheynovets Summit above Mezek, 600 m, 1 ‡, 1.7.2003, leg. N. Tsankov. Material: 9 specimens. Adults: May – July. GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as P. fieberi fieberi (Brunner, 1882)); 6 km N of Essimi, 700 m (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); 4 km N of Essimi (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as P. straubei (Fieb.); WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. straubei straubei (Fieber, 1853)); Tris Vrisses, 600 m; Kamenos Lofos; 3 km SE of Pessani, 350 m; SW of Katratzides, 250 m; 2 km S and 3 km W of Gianouli, 650 m; Lagos in Evros District, 350 m; Ada Tepe, 627 m; Souflion (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Assumptions that the specimens from Chernyovtsi do not belong to Paranocarodes straubei (Fieber, 1853) but to a new subspecies (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955), and that Paranocarodes chopardi occur also in the southern slopes of the mountain in Greece (PESCHEV, 1971), come true. The two females from Chernyovtsi deposited in NMNH Sofia
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were checked and identified as P. chopardi. The Greek material of this taxon was identified incorrectly as Paranocarodes fieberi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) or P. straubei by KALTENBACH (1967b), WILLEMSE (1984) and INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985). Local endemic and relict species, which inhabits the Eastern Rhodopes only. It is more common in the Greek than in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. Akicerinae Asiotmethis limbatus (Charpentier, 1845) BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad; Krumovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975); sunny slopes of hills near Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955; PESCHEV, 1964, 1975; BUGROV & GROZEVA, 1998). New localities. Makaza Pass, 1 ‡, 10.6.1939, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 1 larva ‡, 4.8.1963; Mandritsa, 4 ††, 21.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 48 specimens. Adults: June – early August (in Bulgaria from the end of May). GR. Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955; KALTENBACH, 1965); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as A. limbatus limbatus); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984). A rare species in Greece known from the regions of Makhedonia and Thraki between Florina District and the Evros River. ACRIDIDAE Catantopinae Pezotettix giornae (Rossi, 1794) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡, 28.9.1955 and 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 4.8.1963; Kardjali, 6 ††, 8 ‡‡, 25.9.1955 and 1 †, 10 ‡‡, 15.10.1963; Momchilgrad, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 5.8.1963; Podkova, 2 ‡‡, 17.10.1963, all leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 larva ‡, 8-22.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Harmanli, 1 ‡, 17.11.1951, leg. V. Martino; Ivaylovgrad, common, 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov observed; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 50 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: August – November (in Bulgaria from July to December). GR. Two localities in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); Sarlar (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Pessani Bridge; Pessani; 5 km NNW of Lefkimmi; 4 km WNW of Lira; 1 km S of Katratzides; 1 km SW of Gianouli; 5 km NNW of Souflion (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Souflion (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); four localities in Evros District (WILLEMSE, 1984). Tropidopolinae Tropidopola graeca graeca Uvarov, 1926 GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as T. longicornis graeca; HARZ, 1975, fig. 1470). This taxon inhabits the coastal areas and as a hygrophilous species is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
275
Calliptaminae Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. Published localities. Ardino area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936); Kardjali (PESCHEV, 1975, as C. italicus italicus); Kardjali area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Momchilgrad (PESCHEV, 1975, as C. italicus italicus); Haskovo area; Harmanli area (both after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936); Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975, as C. italicus italicus); Ivaylovgrad area (PETKOV, 1920; NAIDENOV, 1920; DRENOVSKI, 1924; TSCHORBADJIEV, 1926a, 1936); without exact locality (PESCHEV, 1964, as C. italicus italicus). New localities. Susam, 1 ‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Haskovo, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 11 specimens. Adults: July – September (in Bulgaria until October). GR. South of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as C. italicus italicus); Rodhopi District, without exact localities (WILLEMSE, 1984); Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Evros District, without exact localities (WILLEMSE, 1984). Calliptamus barbarus (Costa, 1836) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as C. barbarus barbarus); Haskovo (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as C. barbarus barbarus). New localities. Susam, common, 22.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed; Podkova, 5 ††, 6 ‡‡, 17.10.1963; Chorbadjiysko, 1 †, 1 ‡, 22.7.1964, all leg. GP; Haskovo area, 2 ††, 1 last instar larva ‡, 24.7.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev; Dabovets, 1 †, 20.7.1968; Plevun, 1 larva †, 22.7.1968; Meden Buk, 2 ††, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Ladja, 4 ‡‡, 3.8.1963, leg. GP. Material: 141 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: July – October (in Bulgaria until November). GR. Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as C. barbarus barbarus); Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as C. barbarus barbarus); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as C. barbarus barbarus); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as C. barbarus barbarus); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Paracaloptenus caloptenoides (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad (PESCHEV, 1975); Haskovo – Hasarlar (NEDELKOV, 1908); Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Haskovo area, 1 †, 24.7.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968 and 1 †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 18.6.1970; Meden Buk, 1 †, 19.7.1964; Ladja, 1 ‡, 3.8.1963, all leg. GP. Material: 94 specimens. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria until October).
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GR. Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as P. caloptenoides caloptenoides); eleven localities in all the territory of Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as P. caloptenoides caloptenoides); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. caloptenoides caloptenoides). Eyprepocneminae Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier, 1825) GR. Ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as E. plorans plorans). This is a hygrophilous species, which is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
Cyrtacanthacridinae Anacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1764) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Momchilgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975, as A. aegyptium aegyptium); Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955; PESCHEV, 1964). New locality. Zlatograd, 1 larva, 28.9.1955, leg. GP. Material: 7 specimens. Adults: October – June (in Bulgaria until July). GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District; South of Mitrikon Lake; Kourousmilou Cape (all after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Maronia; Makri (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); 1 km N of Dadia (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Acridinae Acrida ungarica (Herbst, 1786) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Makaza (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955, as A. mediterranea Dirsh); Haskovo (DRENOVSKI, 1930, as A. turrita); Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, as A. bicolor mediterranea Dirsh). New localities. Zlatograd, 4 ††, 4 ‡‡, 28.9.1955 and 1 larva ‡, 4.8.1963, all leg. GP; Susam, common, 22.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed; Dabovets, 1 last instar larva †, 1 larva ‡, 20.7.1968, leg. GP; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3.8.1963, 1 †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP and 1 †, 1 ‡, 24.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 40 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: July – October (in Bulgaria until November). GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as A. bicolor mediterranea Dirsh); Kompsatos River E of Iasmos; Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as A. ungarica mediterranea Dirsh, 1949); Makri (WERNER, 1938, as A. nasuta L.); 2 km SE of Makri (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as A. bicolor mediterranea Dirsh); Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; ca. 4 km S of Anthia; Doriskos (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as A. ungarica mediterranea Dirsh, 1949); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Lavara (WILLEMSE, 1984). Oedipodinae Locusta migratoria Linnaeus, 1758 BG. Published locality. Kardjali (PESCHEV, 1975, as L. migratoria migratoria). New locality. Svezhest Hut, 1 ‡, 23.10.1989, leg. S. Beshkov.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
277
Material: 6 specimens. Adults: October (in Bulgaria from July to November). GR. Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as L. migratoria migratoria, phas. solit.; WILLEMSE, 1984, as L. migratoria cinerascens (Fabricius, 1781)); Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as L. migratoria migratoria phasis solitaria Uv., 1929); 1 km N of Dadia; 3 km WSW of Kornofolea (both after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Oedaleus decorus (Germar, 1826) BG. Published localities. Haskovo (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Ladja; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Haskovo area, 2 ††, 24.7.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev; Plevun, 3 ††, 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 44 specimens. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria from June to September). GR. Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b); 5 km NNW of Essimi; Doriskos (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); seven localities in nearly the whole territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Valtos (WILLEMSE, 1984). Celes variabilis (Pallas, 1771) BG. New locality. Haskovo, 1 ‡, 26.6.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: June (in Bulgaria from May to September). Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 1 †, 1 ‡, 28.9.1955 and 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 4.8.1963; Kardjali, 2 ‡‡, 16.10.1963; Momchilgrad, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 5.8.1963; Chorbadjiysko, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 5.8.1963, all leg. GP; Haskovo, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov; Haskovo area, 3 ††, 1 last instar larva ‡, 24.7.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev; Krumovgrad, 6 ‡‡, 4.8.1963; Dabovets, 2 ††, 20.7.1968; Meden Buk, 5 ‡‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, common, 1 †, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed; Mandritsa, 1 †, 1 ‡, 18-19.7.1964 and 2 ††, 1 ‡, 21.7.1968; Ladja, 2 ‡‡, 3.8.1963, all leg. GP; Ivaylovgrad, 6 ††, 4 ‡‡, 3-4.8.1963, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP and 1 ‡, 24.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 56-60 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: July – October (in Bulgaria until November). GR. Kompsatos River E of Iasmos; Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Nea Chili; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955, as Oe. coerulescens [sic!]); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); five localities in Evros District (WILLEMSE, 1984). The material from Knizhovnik (1 ‡, 2 last instar larvae ††, 21.6.1961, leg. GP) and 1 last instar larva ‡ from Ivaylovgrad, 18.7.1964, leg. GP most likely belong to this species, too.
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Oedipoda germanica (Latreille, 1804) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Podkova; Krumovgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as Oe. germanica meridionalis Rme). New localities. Madan, 1 †, 5.7.1962; Chorbadjiysko, 2 ††, 6 ‡‡, 22.7.1964, all leg. GP; Harmanli, 1 ‡, 23.6.1939, leg. P. Drenski; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3.8.1963 and 1 †, 20.7.1964; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 28 specimens. Adults: end of June – October. GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; 5 km NNW of Essimi; Doriskos (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Kamenos Lofos; 3 km SW of Katratzides; Dadia Village; 4 km NNW of Dadia (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Lira (WILLEMSE, 1984). The specimens deposited in NMNH Sofia were identified by G. Peschev as Oedipoda germanica meridionalis. Oedipoda miniata (Pallas, 1771) BG. Published localities. Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Krumovgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as Oe. miniata miniata); Harmanli (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Meden Buk; Mandritsa (both after PESCHEV, 1975, as Oe. miniata miniata). New localities. “Druma” River near Harmanli, 1 †, 16.6.1962, leg. GP; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3. 08. 1963, leg. GP, common, 1 ‡, 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed. Material: 18-22 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: June – September (in Bulgaria until October)1. GR. South of Mitrikon Lake; Kourousmilou Cape (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984, as Oe. miniata miniata); Sarlar (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Alexandroupolis (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955; WILLEMSE, 1984, as Oe. miniata miniata); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Oe. miniata miniata); seven localities in the central and southwestern parts of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Oe. miniata miniata). Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus, 1767) BG. Published localities. Momchilgrad; Krumovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as S. coerulans [sic!] exornatus Ned.). New localities. Madan, 1 last instar larva †, 5.7.1962; Meden Buk, 4 ††, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 97 specimens. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria from June to October). GR. Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984, as Sphingonotus (s. str.) sp.); 3 km SW of Katratzides (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Sphingoderus carinatus (Saussure, 1888) GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Imeros (both after WILLEMSE, 1984, as Sphingonotus (Sphingoderus) carinatus). A very rare species in Greece established in the above mentioned localities and on Euboea Island. It inhabits saltings on the seashore and is unlikely to occur in the mountain. 1
Oedipoda sp. (caerulescens or miniata) – larvae BG. Unidentifiable last instar and young larvae, belonging to one of the two species, originate from the following localities: Madan; Podkova; Haskovo area; Krumovgrad; Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad. Material: 16 larvae.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
279
Acrotylus patruelis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) BG. Published localities. Kardjali (PESCHEV, 1975); Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964); Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (both after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Knizhovnik, 1 †, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 21.6.1961; Svirachi, 2 ‡‡, 19.6.1969, all leg. GP. Material: 68 specimens. Adults: June – October (in Bulgaria until November). GR. Imeros (WILLEMSE, 1984); Pessani Bridge; 3 km SW of Katratzides; 1 km SSE of Dadia; Dadia Village; 3 km ESE of Dadia; 2 km WNW of Gianouli (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786) BG. Published localities. Most (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, as A. insubricus insubricus). New localities. Zlatograd, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 28.9.1955; Mineralni Bani, 2 ‡‡, 27.4.1962; Kardjali, 3 ††, 6 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 25-26.9.1955 and 3 ††, 8 ‡‡, 15-16.10.1963; Kardjali area, 2 ‡‡, 30.5.1965, all leg. GP; Momchilgrad, 1 †, 22.6.1961, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 5.8.1963, 6 ††, 4 ‡‡, 25.5.1964, all leg. GP and 1 ‡, 27.8.1996, leg. D. Chobanov; Podkova, 2 ††, 5 ‡‡, 17.10.1963; Chorbadjiysko, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 1 ‡, 21.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 2 last instar larvae ††, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 5.8.1963, 3 ††, 4 ‡‡, 23.5.1964 and 2 ‡‡, 1.6.1965; Bryagovo near Harmanli, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 26.4.1962; Plevun, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡, 3-5.6.1965, 1 last instar larva †, 22.7.1968 and 2 ‡‡, 20.6.1969, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, common, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed; Mandritsa, 24 ††, 13 ‡‡, 22.5.1964, 6 ††, 5 ‡‡, 4.6.1965, 7 ††, 21.7.1968 and 2 ††, 1 ‡, 19.6.1969, all leg. GP; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 1 last instar larva ‡, 3.8.1963, 1 ‡, 21.5.1964, 1 ‡, 1 last instar larva †, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP and 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov observed. Material: more than 162 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: all year. GR. Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); Alexandroupolis (MAŘAN, 1958b, as A. insubricus insubricus); eight localities in nearly the whole territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as A. insubricus insubricus). Acrotylus longipes (Charpentier, 1845) BG. New locality. Mandritsa, 1 †, 21.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: July (in Bulgaria until November). GR. South of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Imeros; Alexandroupolis (both after WILLEMSE, 1984). Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (all after PESCHEV, 1975). New locality. Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli, 1 ‡, 16.6.1962, leg. GP. Material: 5 specimens. Adults: June – October (in Bulgaria from May).
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GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984, as A. thalassinus thalassinus); E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); South of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b); ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Nea Chili (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alexandroupolis (WILLEMSE, 1984, as A. thalassinus thalassinus); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Podkova; Krumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Kardjali area, 1 ‡, 30.5.1965, leg. GP; Konush, 4 ‡‡, 2.6.1967, leg. M. Vitanova; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 1 †, 29.4.-20.5.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Harmanli, 1 ‡, 22.4.1962; Dabovets, 1 ‡, 20.7.1968, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, common, 1 †, 25.8.1998, D. Chobanov collected and observed; Mandritsa, 9 ††, 1‡, 22.5.1964, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 4.6.1965 and 1 ‡, 21.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 104 specimens collected and many specimens observed. Adults: all year. GR. Maronia (BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); two localities in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); 2 km W of Makri (KALTENBACH, 1967b); Alexandroupolis; Potamos (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas; Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); four localities in Evros District (WILLEMSE, 1984). Platypygius crassus (Karny, 1907) GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alexandroupolis (WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A rare species in Greece distributed in the regions of Makedhonia and Thraki. It inhabits saltings on the seashore and is unlikely to occur in the mountain. Paracinema tricolor (Thunberg, 1815) GR. West shore of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as P. tricolor bisignata Charp.); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. tricolor bisignata (Charpentier, 1825)). A rare species in Greece distributed in the regions of Ipiros, Makedhonia and Thraki. This is a hygrophilous species, which is unlikely to occur in the mountain.
Duroniella laticornis (Krauss, 1909) – Fig. 3 BG. Published locality. Popsko (PESCHEV, 1975; POPOV, 1998). New localities. Plevun, 4 ††, 7 ‡‡, 5.6.1965 and 2 ‡‡, 20.6.1970; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 22.5.1964, all leg. GP. Material: 14 specimens. Adults: end of May – June. The identification of G. Peschev was verified in 2003 by Vladimir Savitsky (2 †† and 2 ‡‡ from Plevun). The material from Popsko is not presented in the collection of G. Peschev in NMNH Sofia.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
281
Duroniella laticornis is one of the rarest species of grasshoppers in Europe. The localities in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes are the only ones in Europe. Undoubtedly these are relict populations, remains from the ancient wider range of the species. Gomphocerinae Arcyptera (Pararcyptera) microptera (Fischer de Waldheim, 1833) BG. New locality. Momchilgrad, 1 ‡, 24.6.1961, leg. GP. Material: 1 specimen. Adults: June (in Bulgaria from the end of May to July). Chrysochraon dispar (Germar, [1834]) GR. Filakion, along the Ardhas (Arda) River (WILLEMSE, 1984, as Ch. dispar dispar). This is the only locality of the species in Greece. Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) BG. Published localities. Ardino area; Komuniga (both after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936); Bryagovo near Parvomai (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1930); Dragoynovo; Pilashevo = Bukovo; Voden (all after TSCHORBADJIEV, 1930, 1936); Susam (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1930, 1936; LASAROFF, 1940); Kardjali area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936); Momchilgrad; Podkova (both after PESCHEV, 1975); Haskovo (LASAROFF, 1940); Haskovo area (BERNKOPF, 1910, as Stauronotus maroccanus; TSCHORBADJIEV, 1932, 1936, 1940; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Manastir (LASAROFF, 1940); Knizhovnik (LASAROFF, 1940; PESCHEV, 1964); Tsareva Polyana; Krivo Pole; Silen; Tankovo; Elena; Ivanovo (all after LASAROFF, 1940); Harmanli (LASAROFF, 1940; PESCHEV, 1964); Harmanli area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955); Biser; Pashkul; Rozino; Sborino; Brusino; Cherni Rid; Kobilino; Plevun; Kondovo; Malino; Kostilkovo (all after LASAROFF, 1940); Mandritsa; Ivaylovgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975); Ivaylovgrad area (TSCHORBADJIEV, 1936; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955). Material: 49 specimens. Adults: June – August (in Bulgaria from the end of May). GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alexandroupolis (WERNER, 1934); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); eight localities in the central and southern parts of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Dociostaurus brevicollis (Eversmann, 1848) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Momchilgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975); Knizhovnik; Harmanli (both after PESCHEV, 1964); Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa (both after PESCHEV, 1975). New localities. Susam, 1 ‡, 24.7.1929, leg. P. Tschorbadjiev and 2 ‡‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Plevun, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 44 specimens. Adults: June – August (in Bulgaria until September). GR. Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Valtos (WILLEMSE, 1984, as D. brevicollis brevicollis).
282
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
Notostaurus anatolicus (Krauss, 1896) BG. New locality. Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 20.7.1968, leg. GP (PESCHEV, 1975, as N. albicornis albicornis (Ev.)) and 1 †, 22.7.1969, leg. GP. Material: 4 specimens. Adults: end of July (in Bulgaria from June to October). The specimens from Ivaylovgrad are among the first records in Bulgaria of Notostaurus anatolicus, which is reported as new to the country, based on rich material from this and other localities (CHOBANOV, in press). So far this rare species has been identified and published erroneously for Bulgaria as Notostaurus albicornis by G. Peschev and E. Andreeva. N. anatolicus is reported from the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula (Macedonia, Greece, South Bulgaria and European Turkey), Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Caucasus and Iran. Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Podkova (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as O. ventralis (Zett.)); Harmanli (PESCHEV, 1964, as O. ventralis (Zett.)). New localities. Kardjali area, 7 ††, 3 ‡‡, 30.5.1965; Chorbadjiysko, 3 ††, 1 ‡, 22.6.1969; Konush, 3 ‡‡, 2.6.1967; Knizhovnik, 4 ††, 3 ‡‡, 21.6.1961, all leg. GP; 2 km NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, ecotone between riverside vegetation on Arda River and xerothermic wood, Malaise trap, 2 ††, 8-22.6.2001, leg. H. Eturska; Popsko, 1 ‡, 3.6.1965; Dabovets, 8 ††, 4 ‡‡, 18.6.1969 and 10 ††, 8 ‡‡, 18.6.1970; Plevun, 1 †, 1 ‡, 3.6.1965 and 2 ‡‡, 20.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 6 ††, 5 ‡‡, 21.5.1964 and 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 20.7.1964; Mandritsa, 2 ††, 5 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ††, 22.5.1964, 2 ‡‡, 19.7.1964, 8 ††, 3 ‡‡, 4.6.1965, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 19.6.1969 and 1 ‡, 19.6.1970, all leg. GP. Material: 245 specimens. Adults: end of May – October (in Bulgaria until December). GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as O. ventralis (Zetterstedt, 1821)); 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as O. ventralis (Zett.); WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as O. ventralis (Zetterstedt, 1821)); seven localities in nearly the whole territory of Dadia LSFReserve including the southern strictly protected area (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). Omocestus minutus (Brullé, 1832) BG. New localities. Zlatograd, 1 ‡, 26.9.1955, 1 ‡, 29.9.1955, 1 ‡, 26.6.1961 and 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 4.8.1963, all leg. GP; Susam, 2 ††, 5 ‡‡, 1 larva ‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Kardjali, 2 ‡‡, 26.9.1955; Momchilgrad, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 22.6.1961; Chorbadjiysko, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1964; Knizhovnik, 1 †, 7 ‡‡, 21.6.1961; Plevun, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Mandritsa, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 21.7.1968; Ivaylovgrad, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 43 specimens. Adults: end of June – September (in Bulgaria until October). GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Imeros (both after WILLEMSE, 1984); Tsopan ca. 4 km W of Avra; Nea Chili; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Pessani Bridge; 3 km SW of Katratzides; 1 km S of Katratzides; Dadia Village; 3 km WSW of Kornofolea; 4 km WNW of Kornofolea (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001).
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
283
Omocestus petraeus (Brisout de Barneville, 1855) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Momchilgrad (both after PESCHEV, 1975). Material: not present. Adults: end of June – July (in Bulgaria until October). GR. 3 km SW of Katratzides (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001); Didimotihon (WILLEMSE, 1984). Surprisingly, no specimens of Omocestus petraeus and Omocestus haemorrhoidalis from the investigated area are preserved in the collection of Peschev in NMNH Sofia. G. Peschev has recognized all five species of Omocestus, distributed in Bulgaria, therefore his identification (PESCHEV, 1975) does not give grounds for doubt. A rare species in Greece known from the regions of Makhedonia and Thraki and Euboea Island. Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charpentier, 1825) BG. Published localities. Zlatograd; Kardjali; Momchilgrad (all after PESCHEV, 1975, as O. haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis). Material: not present. Adults: September – October (in Bulgaria from July). Regarding the absence of specimens from the Eastern Rhodopes, preserved in NMNH Sofia, see Omocestus petraeus. Stenobothrus fischeri (Eversmann, 1848) BG. Published locality. Zlatograd (PESCHEV, 1975). Material: 6 specimens. Adults: June (in Bulgaria until September). Stenobothrus eurasius macedonicus Willemse, 1974 GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as S. eurasius Zubowski, 1898); 6 km N of Essimi, 700 m; Kallithea Summit near Tris Vrisses; unnamed summit 4 km W of Gianouli, 650 m (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). A Balkan endemic subspecies distributed in Macedonia and Northeastern Greece. The above mentioned localities are the only ones of the species in Greece. Chorthippus cf. mollis (Charpentier, 1825) BG. Published locality. Kardjali (PESCHEV, 1975, as Ch. mollis). Material: 8-21 specimens. Adults: September – October (in Bulgaria from June). GR. Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as Ch. mollis mollis); Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ch. mollis mollis); Kallithea Summit, 7 km N of Essimi, 800 m; 5 km SW of Essimi and 4 km NNW of Avas (both after KALTENBACH, 1967b, as Ch. mollis mollis). For a part of the material the identification of Ch. mollis is somewhat uncertain. WILLEMSE (1984) encountered the same difficulties with the material from Greece. Specimens with transitional characteristics of both Chorthippus mollis and Chorthippus bornhalmi originate from the following localities in the Bulgarian part of the investigated area: Kardjali, 1 ‡, 29.9.1955 and 3 ‡‡, 15.10.1963; Harmanli, 1 †, 10.5.1952; Dabovets, 4 ††, 2 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 20.7.1968, all leg. GP.
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A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
The specimens from Zlatograd (PESCHEV, 1975, as Ch. mollis) are Chorthippus bornhalmi (NMNH Sofia). The record from Haskovo, in large numbers, 200 specimens, det. R. Ebner (DRENOVSKI, 1929, as Stenobothrus mollis; DRENOVSKI, 1930, as Stauroderus mollis; BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1955, as Ch. biguttulus (L.)) perhaps belongs to Ch. bornhalmi, too. The biguttulus-group in Bulgaria needs revision. Chorthippus bornhalmi Harz, 1971 BG. New localities. Madan, 1 ‡, 5.7.1962, leg. GP; Zlatograd, 8 ††, 5 ‡‡, 26.6.1961, 1 ‡, 4.8.1963, all leg. GP (both samples in PESCHEV, 1975 as Ch. mollis (Charp.)), 4 ††, 8 ‡‡, 28-29.9.1955 and 1 †, 26.6.1965, all leg. GP; Mineralni Bani, 1 †, 1 ‡, 15.6.1962, leg. M. Vitanova; Kardjali, 10 ††, 16 ‡‡, 25-26.9.1955, 6 ††, 8 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva †, 1516.10.1963 and 1 †, 8 ‡‡, 23.6.1969; Momchilgrad, 8 ††, 9 ‡‡, 22-24.6.1961, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 4.7.1962, 1 ‡, 5.8.1963 and 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 25.5.1964; Podkova, 1 ‡, 25.6.1961 and 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, 17.10.1963; Chorbadjiysko, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1964 and 6 ††, 22.6.1969, all leg. GP; Haskovo, 1 †, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov; Haskovo area, 1 ‡, 30.6.1955, leg. M. Josifov; Knizhovnik, 2 ††, 21.6.1961; Krumovgrad, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 3-4.8.1963, 1 †, 1 ‡, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 23.5.1964 and 4 ††, 1 ‡, 2.6.1965; Popsko, 1 †, 3.6.1965, all leg. GP; Harmanliyska Reka Valley near Harmanli, 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 16.6.1962, leg. M. Vitanova; Harmanli, 1 ‡, 1 [=14] May 1909, leg. D. Ioakimov, 1 †, 1 ‡, 17.11.1951, leg. V. Martino, 6 ††, 7 ‡‡, 10.6.1952, 1 †, 3 ‡‡, 20-22.5.1958 and 1 †, 3.10.1962, all leg. GP; Dabovets, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡, 2 last instar larvae ‡‡, 20.7.1968, 3 ††, 7 ‡‡, 18.6.1969 and 5 ††, 12 ‡‡, 18.6.1970; Plevun, 1 †, 5 ‡‡, 22.7.1963 and 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 20.6.1969, all leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Mandritsa, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964, 2 ††, 1 last instar larva ‡, 4.6.1965, 2 ‡‡, 19.6.1969 and 1 †, 1 ‡, 19.6.1970; Svirachi, 2 ‡‡, 19.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3.8.1963 and 1 †, 22.7.1968; Mezek, 1 †, 28.5.1951, all leg. GP. Material: 219-232 specimens. Adults: May – November. GR. Alexandroupolis (WERNER, 1934, as Stauroderus bicolor Charp.; WILLEMSE, 1984, as Ch. brunneus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815); WILLEMSE 1985, as Ch. cypriotus Uvarov, 1936); Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); many localities in Dadia LSFReserve (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001). The species is hitherto known in Bulgaria only from Yakovo (not Lakovo) and Lebnitsa in the Ograzhden Mts. (HARZ, 1985a). Recent investigations indicate that Chorthippus bornhalmi is widely spread in Bulgaria from lowlands to high mountains (unpubl. data). Obviously, so far it has often been confused with Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815). It seems to be more common than Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758), another member of this group of species, at least in South Bulgaria. The records from Zlatograd published by PESCHEV (1975) as Chorthippus mollis belong to Ch. bornhalmi (coll. NMNH Sofia). According to INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985) and WILLEMSE (1985) Ch. brunneus does not occur in Greece and all published data for its distribution in the country refer to Ch. bornhalmi. Chorthippus porphyropterus euhedickei Helversen, 1989 BG. New locality. Ivaylovgrad, 1 †, 3.8.1963, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡, 20.7.1964 and 9 ††, 4 ‡‡, 1 last instar larva ‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 19 specimens. Adults: end of July – early August.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
285
GR. Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ch. biguttulus hedickei Ramme, 1942); 1 km N of Katratzides (KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Ch. biguttulus euhedickei). The species and the subspecies are reported here for the first time for the fauna of Bulgaria. BENEDIKTOV (1999: 44 and Fig. 2) publishes the subspecies as “known from Yugoslavia (Macedonia) and North Greece, as well as from the southern part of Bulgaria (Rhodopes) and Northwestern Turkey (HELVERSEN, 1989)”. In the description of the subspecies HELVERSEN (1989, as Ch. biguttulus euhedickei) outlines the range from Prizren (Shar Mts.) through the Rhodopes (on the north of Drama), Pangeon Mts. and almost the entire mainland of Greece (except for the Peloponnesos) to the Northwestern Turkey (Bolu Dagh, Ulu Dagh). Evidently, BENEDIKTOV (1999) has wrongly assumed that the Rhodopes are situated only in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian specimens have a long stridulatory row on the hind femur (proximal part with closely arranged stridulatory pegs and distal part with sparsely located pegs), typical for the species (see BENEDIKTOV, 1999), which corresponds to the song pattern (see HELVERSEN, 1989). Chorthippus porphyropterus euhedickei can be found all over South Bulgaria. Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) BG. New localities. Madan, 1 †, 4 ‡‡, 5.7.1962; Zlatograd, 17 ††, 10 ‡‡, 26.6.1961; Momchilgrad, 2 ††, 5 ‡‡, 4.7.1962; Krumovgrad, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 4.8.1963; Meden Buk, 1 †, 1 ‡, 19.7.1964; Mandritsa, 1 †, 1 ‡, 19.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 4 ††, 7 ‡‡, 4.8.1963, 2 ††, 1 ‡, 20.7.1964 and 1 †, 2 ‡‡, 22.7.1968, all leg. GP. Material: 63 specimens. Adults: end of June – August (in Bulgarian lowlands until October). GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ch. parallelus tenuis (Brullé, 1832)); Lagos in Rodhopi District; Imeros (both after WILLEMSE, 1984, as Ch. parallelus tenuis (Brullé, 1832)); Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as Ch. parallelus tenuis (Brullé, 1832)); 1 km SW of Lefkimmi; 1 km N of Dadia; 3 km WSW of Kornofolea; 4 km WNW of Kornofolea (all after KATI & WILLEMSE, 2001, as Ch. parallelus tenuis (Brullé, 1832)); Lavara; Valtos; Filakion (all after WILLEMSE, 1984, as Ch. parallelus tenuis (Brullé, 1832)). Chorthippus dichrous (Eversmann, 1859) BG. New localities. Susam, 5 ‡‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Kardjali, 2 ‡‡, 26.9.1955, leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 1 ‡, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov. Material: 8 adults; 3 larvae with uncertain identification. Adults: July – September (in Bulgaria until October). GR. Kourousmilou Cape (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as Ch. dorsatus (Zett.); WILLEMSE, 1984, as Ch. dichrous or Ch. loratus); Nea Chili; ca. 4 km S of Anthia (both after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Evros Delta (WILLEMSE, 1985); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). Three last instar larvae ‡‡ from Dabovets, 20.7.1968, leg. GP, most likely belong to this species or to Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821). According to WILLEMSE (1985) the typical song of Ch. dichrous has been observed in Greece only in the Evros Delta while
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the males from the other parts of the Greek mainland represent either Ch. dorsatus or hybrids. Chorthippus loratus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846) BG. New localities. Susam, 18 ††, 14 ‡‡, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Harmanli, 1 ‡, 3.10.1962, leg. GP; Dolno Lukovo, along Byala Reka River, 2 ††, 25.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Ivaylovgrad, 24.8.1998, D. Chobanov observed. Material: 35 specimens collected and some specimens observed. Adults: end of August – early October. GR. Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). A rare species in Greece known from the regions of Thraki, Makedhonia and Central Greece (Lamia). Euchorthippus pulvinatus (Fischer de Waldheim, 1846) BG. Published locality. Haskovo (NEDELKOV, 1908, as Stenobothrus pulvinatus). Material: not present. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria until October). Notwithstanding the absence of preserved material, the occurrence of the species in the Eastern Rhodopes is beyond doubt. Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1849) BG. Published locality. Ivaylovgrad (PESCHEV, 1975, as E. declivus stichai (Maran)). New localities. Susam, 1 †, 22.8.1998, leg. D. Chobanov; Haskovo, 1 †, 1 ‡, 14 [=27] July 1907, leg. N. Nedelkov; Plevun, 1 ‡, 22.7.1968, leg. GP. Material: 29 specimens. Adults: July – August (in Bulgaria until September). GR. Tsopan ca. 2 km S of Avra; ca. 2 km of Nea Santa; Chara Koma ca. 8 km NE of Nea Santa, 800-900 m; Chara Koma, 8 km NNW of Essimi, 800 m; Chara Koma, 5 km NNW of Essimi (all after INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985).
Faunistic results Species diversity and new records The investigation covers the orders Dermaptera (earwigs), Mantodea (praying mantises), Blattodea (cockroaches), Isoptera (termites) and Orthoptera (crickets and grasshoppers). Possible but not very likely is the finding of the order Phasmodea in the area. The only record of this order in Northeastern Greece (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985) is a first instar larva of Bacillus (Phyllidae) from Nea Karvali, east of Kavala, 52 km from the investigated area and 61 km from its mountain part. It is more likely to find a representative of Embioptera in the Bulgarian, as well as in the Greek part of the area. Orthoptera is assessed as an order with medium species richness on the Balkan Peninsula and the other four orders have low species richness. The number of species and of higher taxonomic categories in the Eastern Rhodopes is given in Table 1. So far, 125 species altogether have been established. A summarized illustration of the interesting and trivial categories in zoogeographical and conservation
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
287
Table 1 Faunistic diversity of Orthopterida in the Eastern Rhodopes Superorder
Orders
Orthopterida
Total
Number of taxa
Dermaptera Mantodea Blattodea Isoptera Orthoptera 5
Families
Genera
Species
2 2 3 1 15
2 4 4 1 64
4 4 8 1 108
23
75
125
terms is shown in Table 2. From the Bulgarian part 106 species are known, from the Greek part 98 (Table 3). Another 11 species, recorded at Svilengrad (BG) and in the lowland part of Evros District and Rodhopi District (GR), are not included in these numbers. Their distribution will be discussed below (see Species in adjacent areas). Five per cent of the established taxa are not published for the fauna of Bulgaria: Gryllomorpha cf. miramae (for the Balkan Peninsula, too), Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus, Notostaurus anatolicus, Chorthippus porphyropterus and Saga campbelli gracilis. Exact localities of Xya pfaendleri in Bulgaria are reported for the first time. First records from the Eastern Rhodopes are established for the following taxa: the order Isoptera, the suborder Gryllacridoidea (cave crickets), the families Rhinotermitidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Mogoplistidae and Myrmecophilidae, 5 subfamilies, the genera Reticulitermes, Ephippiger, Troglophilus, Acheta, Modicogryllus, Discoptila, Arachnocephalus, Myrmecophilus, Celes, Arcyptera and Notostaurus, the subgenus Pararcyptera and 10 species (Table 3) beside the above mentioned taxa, which are new to the country. The following taxa are reported for the first time for the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes: the suborder Tridactyloidea (pygmy sand crickets), the families Oecanthidae,
Table 2 Endemic and relict taxa; rare and common species of Orthopterida in the Eastern Rhodopes Categories
Dermaptera
East-Rhodopean endemic species Greek endemic species Bulgarian endemic species Balkan endemic taxa Relict species Species with relict populations Rare non-endemic and non-relict species
Mantodea
Blattodea
Isoptera
1
1
Wide spread and common species
4
3
7
1
Total
4
4
8
1
Orthoptera 1 (relict) 2 2 (1 relict) 8 2 (endemics) 1 (rare) 20 (1 with relict populations) 76 108
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A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
Table 3 Species diversity of Orthopterida in the Bulgarian and Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes Bulgarian part
Greek part
Taxa
Published data
Checked material
Evros and Rodhopi districts
Probably only in lowlands
1
2
3
4
5
DERMAPTERA Labidura riparia Forficula auricularia Forficula aetolica Forficula smyrnensis
+ +
+
+
MANTODEA Ameles heldreichi Mantis religiosa Iris oratoria Rivetina baetica Empusa fasciata BLATTODEA Polyphaga aegyptiaca Loboptera decipiens Ectobius vittiventris Ectobius balcani Ectobius erythronotus Phyllodromica marginata Phyllodromica carniolica Phyllodromica subaptera
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+ +
ISOPTERA Reticulitermes lucifugus ORTHOPTERA Phaneroptera nana Tylopsis lilifolia Acrometopa servillea Acrometopa syriaca Isophya speciosa Isophya petkovi Isophya hospodar hospodar Isophya cf. leonorae Ancistrura nigrovittata Leptophyes punctatissima Leptophyes albovittata Poecilimon thoracicus Poecilimon zwicki Poecilimon brunneri Poecilimon miramae Meconema thalassinum Conocephalus hastatus
+
+ + + +
+
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera 1 Conocephalus fuscus Conocephalus ebneri Ruspolia nitidula Tettigonia viridissima Tettigonia caudata Decticus verrucivorus Decticus albifrons Platycleis albopunctata grisea Platycleis intermedia Platycleis affinis Platycleis escalerai Platycleis vittata Platycleis nigrosignata Platycleis sporadarum Platycleis incerta Metrioptera fedtschenkoi ambitiosa Metrioptera oblongicollis Sepiana sepium Pholidoptera sp. Pholidoptera fallax Eupholidoptera smyrnensis Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis Bucephaloptera bucephala Pterolepis germanica Saga natoliae Saga campbelli gracilis Ephippiger ephippiger Bradyporus dasypus Callimenus macrogaster Troglophilus neglectus Gryllus campestris Gryllus bimaculatus Acheta domesticus Melanogryllus desertus Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis Modicogryllus frontalis Gryllomorpha dalmatina Gryllomorpha cf. miramae Discoptila buresi Pteronemobius heydenii Oecanthus pellucens Arachnocephalus vestitus Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa s.l. Tetrix subulata Tetrix bolivari Tetrix ceperoi Tetrix tuerki Tetrix tenuicornis Uvarovitettix depressus Paratettix meridionalis Xya variegata Xya pfaendleri
2
+ + +
3
+ + + + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4
5
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+
289
290
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV 1
Paranocarodes chopardi Asiotmethis limbatus Pezotettix giornae Tropidopola graeca graeca Calliptamus italicus Calliptamus barbarus Paracaloptenus caloptenoides Eyprepocnemis plorans Anacridium aegyptium Acrida ungarica Locusta migratoria Oedaleus decorus Celes variabilis Oedipoda caerulescens Oedipoda germanica Oedipoda miniata Sphingonotus caerulans Sphingoderus carinatus Acrotylus patruelis Acrotylus insubricus Acrotylus longipes Aiolopus thalassinus Aiolopus strepens Platypygius crassus Paracinema tricolor Duroniella laticornis Arcyptera microptera Chrysochraon dispar Dociostaurus maroccanus Dociostaurus brevicollis Notostaurus anatolicus Omocestus rufipes Omocestus minutus Omocestus petraeus Omocestus haemorrhoidalis Stenobothrus fischeri Stenobothrus eurasius macedonicus Chorthippus cf. mollis Chorthippus bornhalmi Chorthippus porphyropterus euhedickei Chorthippus parallelus Chorthippus dichrous Chorthippus loratus Euchorthippus pulvinatus Euchorthippus declivus Total
2
3
4
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
5
+
+
+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+
+
68 96 Bulgarian E-Rhodopes: 106
106 8 Greek E-Rhodopes: 98
Tridactylidae and Labiduridae, 6 subfamilies, the genera Phaneroptera, Melanogryllus, Gryllomorpha, Pteronemobius, Oecanthus, Uvarovitettix, Xya, Pezotettix and Labidura, the subgenus Platycleis and 23 species (Table 3).
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
291
Degree of exploration (Fig. 1) Bulgarian part. Most investigations on Orthopterida are carried out along the transect Momchilgrad – Krumovgrad – Ivaylovgrad and along the longitudinal transects Kardjali – Momchilgrad – Podkova – Chorbadjiysko and Ivaylovgrad – Mandritsa. The superorder is studied at Madan, Zlatograd and Madjarovo, along Byala Reka Valley between Meden Buk and Mandritsa and along the northern border of the mountain south of Mineralni Bani, Haskovo and Harmanli. Unexplored territories are Zhalti Ridge, Chukata Ridge and the higher part of the mountain along the border with Greece (Maglenik, Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik), the environs of Rudozem, Nedelino and Djebel as well as the upper course of Byala Reka River. The published data on the horizontal distribution are in many cases not exact. Mostly the towns in the Eastern Rhodopes (Zlatograd, Kardjali, Momchilgrad, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad) are indicated as localities. This means that only the regions and not the exact collecting points of the specimens are given. With the identification and revision of the original material, the localities, and thus the horizontal distribution of the species, too, are defined more precisely. The investigations done up to now have covered mainly the low parts up to 500-700 m. Because of that conclusions about the vertical distribution of the species cannot be made. The knowledge on Orthopterida according to published data, most of them by G. Peschev, i.e. before identification of the original material during the present investigation, was scantier compared to the available information for other regions in Bulgaria such as Rila Mts., Stara Planina Range and the Black Sea Coast and some smaller in surface mountains as Belasitsa and Slavyanka. Moreover, the superorder was more poorly studied in the Eastern Rhodopes (74 published species) than in the Western Rhodopes (133 published species). This is due to the shorter period of investigations in the Eastern Rhodopes and to the small number of entomologists with collecting activity. As a result of the present study the level of exploration of the territory is already very good. The most expected species were established in the identified material. Greek part. The well-explored regions are the Sapia and Tsopan mountains, Dadia – Lefkimmi – Soufli Forest Reserve and the lowest part of the territory. Unexplored remain the westernmost mountain part between the rivers of Kourou and Filiouri and the areas near the border with Bulgaria. The Greek part of the mountain (part of Thraki District) remained the last unexplored region in the country. Owing to the investigations of WILLEMSE (1984), INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ (1985) and KATI & WILLEMSE (2001) however, the study of the Greek part is at present very good and only few additions to the fauna can be expected.
Characteristics of the fauna The relative share of the Eastern Rhodopean fauna, established in the Bulgarian part, compared to the fauna of the entire Bulgaria by orders is: Dermaptera – 29 %, Mantodea – 100 %, Blattodea – 33 %, Isoptera – 50 % and Orthoptera – 43 %. If we calculate this rate for the order with medium species richness (Orthoptera) on one hand and for the orders with low species richness on the other hand, the result is identical (43 %). The lower rate of the established species of Blattodea in the area is due to their hygrophily and to the
292
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
presence in Bulgaria of synanthropic species, which do not occur in the wild habitats and are excluded from the list of species. Contrariwise, all representatives of Mantodea in Bulgaria are strongly xerophilous and thermophilous and occur in the Eastern Rhodopes where wide territories represent xerothermic habitats suitable for the praying mantises. A reason for the low percentage of Dermaptera is their poor exploration in the area. The relative share of the orthopterous fauna in the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes compared to the fauna of entire Greece is 29 %. It is 38% compared to the Greek mainland fauna (including Euboea Island and some small offshore islands). The uniqueness of the local fauna is exemplified by species such as the local endemic and relict Paranocarodes chopardi (Fig. 2) and the very rare Duroniella laticornis, the latter not established elsewhere in Europe (Fig. 3), as well as by the presence of a complex of xerothermic species inhabiting pseudomaquises. The following peculiarities of the fauna characterize the examined systematic group in the Eastern Rhodopes: 1. The area is one of the most important reservoirs of Mediterranean and Submediterranean fauna in Bulgaria. Other areas like that are the Kresna Gorge and the south part of the Black Sea Coast. 2. The Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is poorer in species diversity than the respective part of the Western Rhodopes. This can be explained with the absence of great differences in elevation, lack of higher vegetation belts and smaller surface of the eastern part of the mountain. 3. The number of the endemic Orthopterida in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is lower than the number of endemic taxa only in Rila, Pirin, Slavyanka and Belasitsa mountains and Kresna Gorge and outnumbers all other areas in Bulgaria. This confirms the high conservation value of some parts of the territory. 4. The Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes has the poorest fauna in comparison with every other area in Greece with a similar surface. The species diversity is almost the same as that of the Bulgarian part but seems relatively poor against the background of the very rich Greek fauna of Orthoptera. 5. The relative share of orthopterous fauna in the Greek part of the mountain compared to the fauna of entire Greece is not so high as in the Bulgarian part compared to the whole of Bulgaria. This is due to the absence in North Greece of many strongly thermophilous Mediterranean and endemic species distributed in the central and southern parts of the Greek mainland. 6. The number of the endemic taxa in the Greek part is slightly higher than their number in the Bulgarian part but the rate of endemism in the Greek part is much lower. The extremely high degree of endemism in Greece (132 taxa or 37 % of the Greek species according to WILLEMSE, 1984) and especially on the islands, in Peloponnesos and in Central Greece explains this fact.
Species in adjacent areas Svilengrad is situated 10 km outside the border of the investigated area in Bulgaria. So far, 41 species (24 published and 37 after checked material) are known from
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
293
Svilengrad and Svilengrad area. The material in the collections of NMNH Sofia of some published species from this area is missing but their identification by G. Peschev is beyond doubt. These species are Empusa fasciata (Mantodea), Tetrix subulata, Calliptamus barbarus and Mecostethus parapleurus (all Caelifera). Six species, all of them hygrophilous, except for Gampsocleis abbreviata, are of interest. They were very likely collected along the Maritsa River. These six species are not found in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Three of them are established in the districts of Evros and Thraki, too. The lowland along the Aegean Sea Coast is inhabited by 8 species typical for saltings and other habitats near the seashore and big rivers. Therefore, there are 11 species altogether from Svilengrad and Aegean lowland, which are possibly but not very likely to occur on the foot of the mountain. The species from Svilengrad and Svilengrad area are not included in Tables 1 and 2 and in List of species. The species from the Greek lowland part are inserted and these from Svilengrad are not inserted in Tables 3 and 4 (excepting Conocephalus fuscus). It follows the information for these 12 species (C. fuscus including), which may do not occur in the mountain part of the Eastern Rhodopes: Rivetina baetica (Rambur, 1838) – Mantodea: Mantidae: Mantinae. GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Makri (both after BURESCH & PESCHEV, 1957, as R. fasciata Thunb.); Doriskos (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). The localities are situated near the seacoast. Acrometopa syriaca Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae. GR. Nea Chili (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Tiheron (WILLEMSE, 1979, 1984). A rare species in Greece occurring in the northeastern part of the Greek mainland and on the Eastern Aegean islands. Tiheron is situated 3 km outside the border of Dadia LSFReserve in the lowland near the Evros (Maritsa) River. Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) – Orthoptera: Conocephalidae: Conocephalinae. BG. Svilengrad (PESCHEV, 1964, 1975; 19 specimens in NMNH Sofia). This hygrophilous species is established in the districts of Evros and Thraki (see List of species). Conocephalus dorsalis (Latreille, 1804) – Orthoptera: Conocephalidae: Conocephalinae. BG. Svilengrad (PESCHEV, 1964, 1975; 1 specimen in NMNH Sofia). A hygrophilous species. Metrioptera (Metrioptera) fedtschenkoi ambitiosa Uvarov, 1924 – Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae. BG. Svilengrad (PESCHEV, 1964, 1971, both as Roeseliana ambitiosa; PESCHEV, 1975; 28 specimens in NMNH Sofia). GR. E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alepohorion (WILLEMSE, 1984, incorrect as Elasokhorion); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984). Metrioptera fedtschenkoi ambitiosa is a Balkan endemic subspecies but its status and systematic position as subspecies and its occurrence as species are unclear. The known range of this hygrophilous subspecies covers the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The above mentioned localities are situated in the lowland near the rivers of Maritsa (Evros), Ardas and Erithropotamos or near the Aegean Sea Coast. Gampsocleis abbreviata Herman, 1874 – Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae. BG. Svilengrad (1 specimen in NMNH Sofia). A very rare Balkan endemic species. The present locality is considerably isolated from the known range of the species. Tropidopola graeca graeca Uvarov, 1926 – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Tropidopolinae. GR. 2 km E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as T. longicornis graeca; HARZ, 1975, Fig. 1470). This hygrophilous taxon inhabits the coastal areas. Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charpentier, 1825) – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Eyprepocneminae. GR. Ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985, as E. plorans plorans). A hygrophilous species.
294
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
Sphingoderus carinatus (Saussure, 1888) – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae. GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District; Imeros (both after WILLEMSE, 1984, as Sphingonotus (Sphingoderus) carinatus). This very rare species in Greece, established in the above mentioned localities and on Euboea Island, inhabits saltings on the seashore. Platypygius crassus (Karny, 1907) – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae. GR. Lagos in Rodhopi District (WILLEMSE, 1984); E of Lagos in Rodhopi District (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985); Alexandroupolis (WILLEMSE, 1984); ca. 4 km S of Anthia (INGRISCH & PAVIĆEVIĆ, 1985). This rare species in Greece, distributed in the regions of Makedhonia and Thraki, inhabits saltings on the seashore. Mecostethus parapleurus (Hagenbach, 1822) – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae. BG. Svilengrad (PESCHEV, 1975, as Parapleurus alliaceus alliaceus (Germ.)). The material is not available in NMNH Sofia. A hygrophilous species. Paracinema tricolor (Thunberg, 1815) – Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae. BG. Svilengrad (PESCHEV, 1964, as P. tricolor bisignata (Charp.); PESCHEV, 1975, as P. bicolor [sic!] bisignata (Charp.); 2 specimens in NMNH Sofia). GR. West shore of Mitrikon Lake (KALTENBACH, 1967b, as P. tricolor bisignata Charp.); Filakion (WILLEMSE, 1984, as P. tricolor bisignata (Charpentier, 1825)). A rare hygrophilous species in Greece distributed in the regions of Ipiros, Makedhonia and Thraki.
Habitats The information on the autecology of Orthopterida in the Eastern Rhodopes is insufficient. Because of that, we have specified habitats of the species on the basis of published data and personal observations in the whole country, but only for the species in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. The classification of Palearctic habitats by DEVILLERS & DEVILLERS-TERSCHUREN (1996) is used. According to Dr. Antoaneta Petrova (in litt.) 45 of these habitats are distributed in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. For each species of Orthopterida we have determined one or more typical habitats. The summarized data is as follows: River gravel banks – 9 species River sand banks – 15 species Western Eurasian thickets – 32 species Thermomediterranean shrub formations – 38 species Steppes and dry calcareous grasslands – 26 species Dry siliceous grasslands – 38 species Humid grasslands and tall herb communities – 21 species Mesophile grasslands – 48 species Oak-hornbeam forests – 13 species Thermophilous and Supramediterranean oak woods – 11 species Mixed thermophilous forests – 4 species Reed beds – 1 species Screes – 6 species Vegetated calcareous inland cliffs – 17 species Vegetated siliceous inland cliffs – 14 species Limestone bare inland cliffs – 5 species Siliceous bare inland cliffs – 5 species
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
295
Caves – 3 species Improved grasslands – 15 species Crops – 9 species High-stem orchards – 3 species Vineyards – 5 species Villages – 2 species Fallow land, waste places – 10 species Mines and underground passages – 1 species Three of the mentioned habitats are divided into two subhabitats: River gravel banks: without vegetation – 2 species, with vegetation – 2 species, both subhabitats – 5 species River sand banks: without vegetation – 6 species, with vegetation – 4 species, both subhabitats – 5 species Mesophile grasslands: pastures – 17 species, lowland and valley mesophile meadows – 7 species, both subhabitats – 24 species The Thermomediterranean shrub formations are divided into three subhabitats: Phyllirea thickets, Eastern Cistus incanus garrigues, Helleno-Balkanic pseudomaquis, but no differences in the fauna of the discussed groups are observed. Most Orthopterida live in herbaceous habitats. The species diversity is richest in mesophile grasslands, respectively in pastures (45 % and 39 %), followed by dry grasslands on siliceous and calcareous terrains (36 % and 25 %) and mesophile meadows (29 %). Many of these species occur also in respective shrub formations: Thermomediterranean shrub formations with 36 % and Western Eurasian thickets with 30 %. The orthopterids however inhabit the herbaceous vegetation in them and only few bush-crickets live on the shrubs themselves. Some species have been adapted to stony and rocky terrains, not entirely bare but with scanty vegetation (on calcareous and siliceous rocks respectively 16 % and 13 %). The species of Orthopterida occurring in forest habitats are small in number (Oak-hornbeam forests and Thermophilous Submediterranean oak woods with 12 % and 10 % respectively) and, except for some Phaneropteridae, do not inhabit the trees themselves. Typical inhabitants of wet riverbanks are Pteronemobius heydeni and the species of Xya. It is necessary to mention some peculiar biotopes with typical representatives of Orthoptera: reed bets together with other habitats (Locusta migratoria), caves (Troglophilus neglectus, Gryllomorpha dalmatina, Discoptila buresi), houses (Acheta domesticus), nests of ants (Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus).
Economic importance Three species of Orthoptera cause grave economic damages in the area. Arranged according to their importance, they are Dociostaurus maroccanus (Moroccan Locust) and Calliptamus italicus (Italian Locust) from the superfamily Acridoidea (grasshoppers) on various crops, as well as Isophya speciosa from the superfamily Tettigonioidea (bush-crickets) on deciduous forests. These species have increased in the past periodically at intervals of 10
296
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
years with maximums in the area in 1919, 1929-1930 and 1939. The cyclic recurrence was obstructed after expanding the areas treated with pesticides after the Second World War. A calamity caused by Dociostaurus maroccanus in the northwestern part of the investigated territory was observed again in the spring of 2000.
Conservation The conservation value of Orthoptera in Bulgaria is determined by the high degree of endemism. This degree in the order is the highest among the insects in Bulgaria – 28 %, in the superfamily Tettigonioidea (bush-crickets) the endemic taxa are 45 % and in the family Phaneropteridae are 63 %. The conservation importance of Orthoptera in the Eastern Rhodopes does not differ from this in the country. Though of a lower rate than the average rate of the order in Bulgaria, the endemic Orthoptera in the area are characterized by a higher than the average rate for the whole Bulgarian insect, as well as invertebrate, fauna.
Species of conservation significance As taxa of conservation significance are accepted relicts, one species with relict populations, endemic taxa, rare species, some attractive species (provisionally) and protected species according to international and Bulgarian red lists and acts. Their classification into orders (without the protected species) is given in Table 2. The total number of taxa of conservation importance in the investigated area is 46. Five of them are not typical for the mountain part of the area and another 19 species do not need protection. The remaining 22 taxa need protection: in the Bulgarian part – 10 species, in the Greek part – 9 taxa and in both parts – 3 species (Table 4). The endemic and relict taxa and the taxon with relict populations are 15 altogether (Table 2). This number does not include the hygrophilous subspecies Metrioptera fedtschenkoi ambitiosa and two subspecies of Troglophilus neglectus and Gryllomorpha dalmatina with doubtful taxonomic status. The endemic taxa with one exception (the cockroach Phyllodromica carniolica) are representatives of Orthoptera. The Orthoptera with two exceptions (the Eastern Rhodopean endemic species and the endemic subspecies Stenobothrus eurasius macedonicus) are representatives of the suborder Ensifera (crickets and bush-crickets). The only Eastern Rhodopean endemic taxon, Paranocarodes chopardi (Fig. 2), is also a preglacial relict. The most recent information about existence of the population in the type locality (Grebena Ridge near Plevun) dates back to June 1995. The locality has been used for pasture and it is necessary to establish the current situation there. This species was proven also for Chernyovtsi from where it has been published erroneously as another species. It is necessary to check whether it is still occurring there, because the record is 80 years old. P. chopardi is established with two new localities in the Bulgarian part (Studen Kladenets Village in 2000 and Sheynovets Summit in 2003) and now it occurs also in the Greek part in the Sapia Mts. and Dadia Reserve. On the slopes of Sheynovets the species inhabits xerophilous Quercus wood in rocky karst.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
297
The other relict is Discoptila buresi, being at the same time an Eastern Bulgarian endemic species. Two of all three known populations of the species are in the investigated area. As a very rare species occurring in caves and under stones, it needs protection. The other Bulgarian (Southeastern Bulgarian) endemic species is Isophya petkovi with a range almost entirely in the Rhodopes on the east of Chepelarska Reka Valley. The Balkan endemic taxa are approximately equally represented in the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the mountain. Endemism on species level prevails in this category. The only endemic genus in the area is Ancistrura. Half or more than half of the Bulgarian populations of Saga campbelli and the Greek populations of Phyllodromica carniolica (Blattodea), Conocephalus ebneri (both Balkan endemic species) and Platycleis sporadarum (Greek endemic species) live in the Eastern Rhodopes. The best strategy for protection of endemic taxa is conservation of the habitats in their localities. All of them, except for Discoptila buresi, inhabit mesophile pastures with Thermomediterranean shrub formations. The species with a few localities in the respective country or with more localities, some of them closely situated, are accepted as rare species (Table 4). In contrast to them,
Fig. 2. The range of Paranocarodes chopardi
2
Relict
ORTHOPTERA Phaneropteridae Acrometopa syriaca Isophya petkovi Isophya hospodar hospodar Isophya cf. leonorae Ancistrura nigrovittata Leptophyes punctatissima Poecilimon thoracicus Poecilimon zwicki Poecilimon miramae Meconematidae Meconema thalassinum Conocephalidae Conocephalus hastatus Conocephalus ebneri Tettigoniidae Platycleis nigrosignata Platycleis sporadarum Metrioptera fedtschenkoi ambitiosa Metrioptera oblongicollis Pholidoptera sp.
BLATTODEA Ectobiidae Phyllodromica carniolica
MANTODEA Mantidae Mantis religiosa Iris oratoria Empusidae Empusa fasciata
1
Taxa
3
Relict populations
GREEK BALK (subsp.) BALK BALK
BALK
BALK
BULG BALK (sp. & subsp.) LOC (GREEK) BALK (gen. & sp.)
BALK
4
Endemic
+
+
+
5
Rare in BG
add. list
10
CORINE
+
+
+
11
+
+
+
+
+
+
12
need protection in BG in GR
+ +
+
in lowland + +
+
+
13
do not need protection
in lowland + +
+
VU
9
ESC
+ +
8
BG legislation
+
7
Attractive
+
+
+
+
+
+
6
Rare in GR
Table 4 Taxa of Orthopterida with conservation value in the Eastern Rhodopes, which need or do not need protection
298 A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
2
2
1
+
3
15-17
BALK (subsp.)
LOC (E-RHOD)
BULG
BULG ?subsp. strumae
BALK ?subsp. vlasinensis
BALK (sp. & subsp.)
4
4
1
+
+
12
+
+
22
+ + +
+
13
+
+
13
+
+
23
+
+
in lowland in lowland
in lowland
+ + +
+
+
+
+
+
13
+
+
+
+
+
+
12
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
11
+ +
1
10
+
1
9
+
+
8
+
7
+ +
+
+
6
+ +
+
+
5
Abbreviations: add. list – Additional list with proposal to the Check-list of threatened invertebrates of the CORINE biotopes project; BALK – Balkan endemic taxon; BG – Bulgaria or Bulgarian; BULG – Bulgarian endemic taxon; CORINE – Check-list of threatened invertebrates of the CORINE biotopes project; E-RHOD – Eastern Rhodopean endemic species; ESC – Red list of threatened animals and plants in Europe; GR – Greece; LOC – Local endemic species; VU – Vulnerable in European Red List
Total
Pholidoptera fallax Eupholidoptera smyrnensis Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis Saga natoliae Saga campbelli gracilis Bradyporidae Bradyporus dasypus Callimenus macrogaster Rhaphidophoridae Troglophilus neglectus Gryllidae Gryllomorpha dalmatina Gryllomorpha cf. miramae Discoptila buresi + Mogoplistidae Arachnocephalus vestitus Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus Tetrigidae Tetrix ceperoi Pamphagidae Paranocarodes chopardi + Asiotmethis limbatus Acrididae Sphingoderus carinatus Platypygius crassus Paracinema tricolor Duroniella laticornis Chrysochraon dispar Notostaurus anatolicus Omocestus petraeus Stenobothrus eurasius macedonicus Chorthippus loratus
1
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera 299
300
A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV
wide spread and common species (Table 2) have no conservation value. They are a heterogeneous group. It includes not only species with wide ranges but also taxa with restricted distribution, e.g. Carpathian-Balkan and Balkan-Anatolian, but of high abundance in the area, as well as species which are rare and very rare in the Rhodopes but occur in some other regions of the respective country, too. A remarkable rare species is Duroniella laticornis, known so far in Europe only from Popsko and now established in other two localities in the area (Fig. 3). While for this species and for the Eastern Rhodopean endemic species it is evident that the whole population respectively in Europe and in the range is concentrated in the investigated area, for other species, according to the present-day knowledge, the entire population in Greece (Poecilimon miramae, Pholidoptera fallax, Chrysochraon dispar and Stenobothrus eurasius) or in Bulgaria (Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus) occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. The area shelters more than half of the Bulgarian populations of Iris oratoria (Mantodea) and Eupholidoptera smyrnensis and of the Greek populations of Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis, Callimenus macrogaster and Conocephalus hastatus. The mentioned rare species do not need protection as spe-
Fig. 3. Distribution of Duroniella laticornis in Europe
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
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cies but need protection of biotopes. In this case, too, some of them, like endemic taxa, have similar ecological requirements to xerothermic habitats. Only the representatives of Mantodea from the Eastern Rhodopes have found a place in international red lists. Empusa fasciata is included in the category “vulnerable” in the Red list of threatened animals and plants in Europe of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ESC) and Mantis religiosa in the additional list to the Check-list of threatened invertebrates of the CORINE biotopes project of the Comission of the European Union (CORINE +). No special measures for protection of these two species are necessary because of their abundance. Since no red list of invertebrates in Bulgaria has been compiled yet, in 1987 one of the present authors proposed some orthopterids to be included in the protected species but no additional invertebrates have been designated for conservation up to now. The proposal comprises the following species from the Eastern Rhodopes: Iris oratoria (Mantodea), Saga natoliae, Bradyporus dasypus and Callimenus macrogaster. The proposed species of Orthoptera are some of the biggest representatives of the order in the area. Callimenus macrogaster has become extinct in some regions of Bulgaria, e.g. in Sofia area, and its population density has decreased in the country since the middle of the 20th century. Saga natoliae is known from more localities in South Bulgaria but everywhere else its density is low. Quantitative investigations of the species of conservation significance are necessary. No such investigations have been done for the species in the Eastern Rhodopes. No conclusions on the patterns of changes in the situation can be made because of scanty observations and data, which dates back to the last 20 years.
Territories of conservation significance As a result of analysis of the chorological information and particularly of data on the species of conservation value, five territories can be selected as significant for the conservation of orthopterid fauna (Fig. 4). The territories and the insect fauna in each of them are arranged according to their conservation importance. The territories are the following: 1. West and southwest environs of Ivaylovgrad and suburb Ladja. Undersized meadows with dense luxuriant herbaceous vegetation in spring, mainly Trifolium, Medicago, Urtica, Sambucus. The community of inhabiting Orthoptera and Mantodea includes Saga campbelli gracilis, Discoptila buresi, Iris oratoria, Gryllomorpha cf. miramae, Leptophyes punctatissima, Platycleis nigrosignata, Notostaurus anatolicus and Callimenus macrogaster, which need protection, as well as 5 other endemic species. 2. Grebena (Sarta) Ridge on the north of Plevun Village. Clearings in young forest and undergrowth, mostly from Quercus frainetto and Quercus cerris and less from Acer campestre, Cotinus coggygria, Carpinus orientalis, Crataegus and Rosa. Sparse or no herbaceous vegetation on dry stony soil covered with fallen leaves. Years ago the area was used for pasture on a small scale. Paranocarodes chopardi (Fig. 2), Duroniella laticornis (Fig. 3), Saga campbelli gracilis and Callimenus macrogaster, which need protection, and 3 other endemic species occur in the territory. 3. Iranov Ridge (Irantepe) southwest of Popsko Village. Sunny, intensely warm pastures with very dry microclimate, scanty in herbaceous vegetation, with sparse undersized
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Fig. 4. Territories of conservation significance for Orthopterida in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes: 1 – environs of Ivaylovgrad and Ladja, 2 – Grebena (Sarta) Ridge, 3 – Iranov Ridge (Irantepe), 4 – Byala Reka Valley, 5 – Stramni Ridge shrubs on thin layers of soil. Short grass cover, withered in the summer, permanently used for pasture. The species, which needs protection most, is Duroniella laticornis (Fig. 3) and in the region in the west towards Krumovgrad another one is Leptophyes punctatissima. In addition, 4 endemic species occur, too. 4. Byala Reka Valley between the villages of Meden Buk and Mandritsa. Dry and warm meadows with relative rich vegetation with isolated oak trees. Rocky slopes and riverbank sands. The territory is a valuable ecosystem with rich species diversity, inhabited by Duroniella laticornis (Fig. 3) and Eupholidoptera smyrnensis, needing protection, and by 2 endemic species. The valley between Meden Buk and Gugutka villages is not studied. It is likely to find out that the same habitats are represented there but are better preserved. In that case the territory should be extended upwards along Byala Reka Valley. 5. Slopes of Stramni Ridge east of Momchilgrad, Podkova Village and Chorbadjiysko Village. Dry and temperately humid meadows with xerothermic herbaceous vege-
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tation, mostly Andropogon ischaemum, Poa bulbosa, Chrysopogon gryllus, and more rarely with xeromesophytic herbaceous vegetation, mainly Agrostis capillaris, Festuca fallax, Festuca pseudovina. In the territory significant species in terms of conservation are Eupholidoptera smyrnensis and Saga campbelli gracilis, which need protection, as well as 5 other endemic species.
Threats The principal threat is change of habitats due to human activity. The rare species are the first to become extinct, as they are the most sensitive to anthropogenic pressure. Some of the threats, which have a strong effect on the qualitative and quantitative structure of the fauna of discussed orders, are the following: 1. Intensive pasture. Grazing has the strongest unfavourable influence on the rare orthopterid species. Pasture of flocks and herds decreases abundance and population density of the meadow and pasture Orthoptera. In cases of excessive and stationary pasture, some inhabitants of herbage, e.g. Isophya petkovi, pass from herbaceous vegetation to shrubs and even to oak branches. 2. Agricultural activities. Land cultivation, fortunately, is not very intensive in the Eastern Rhodopes. It can however reduce species to extinction in some localities, which is the case with Isophya hospodar outside the treated area in the environs of Chirpan. 3. Industrial pollution. It can be expected that industrial pollution with heavy metals around Kardjali would have an effect on the species diversity but there is no concrete information in this respect. Other factors do not have such negative influence on Orthopterida as on the fauna of other insect orders. Disturbance of the natural balance however often causes hardly foreseen aftereffects. Such factors are: 1. Destroying of wood vegetation. It has a positive effect on the populations of all Mantodea and most Orthoptera but reduces the occurrence of some bush-crickets from Phaneropteridae and Tettigoniidae. 2. Increasing of erosion. It extends terrains inhabited by some psammophilous and petrophilous species, e.g. grasshoppers from the genera Oedipoda, Acrotylus and Sphingonotus, but restricts the occurrence of most pasture and meadow species.
Recommendations 1. Update of faunistic knowledge. Field investigations, except for sporadic samples, have not been made in the area for 30 years. It is necessary to check the state of the populations of the rarest species, which illustrates the uniqueness of the local fauna. The data on the occurrence of a number of species in habitats in the environs of Kardjali, which dates back to 70 years ago and which changed a great deal subsequently, needs revision. 2. Study of unexplored regions. It is desirable to carry out observations in the whole territory of the mountain, because the investigations up to now do not cover some areas
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(see Degree of exploration). Only after that, the ecological value of the Eastern Rhodopes as a whole and of certain parts in them can be estimated. 3. Monitoring. It is time to start an individual monitoring of certain species of conservation significance, as well as a monitoring of the complex of species in some habitats. Paranocarodes chopardi is suitable for individual monitoring. It is easily recognized and cannot be mistaken for any other species in the area. This provides a possibility for assistance after a short training of officials of the future natural park who do not have taxonomic knowledge. 4. Measures in the territories of high conservation value. As it was already mentioned, it is more practical to carry out protection of the threatened insect populations, by conservation of their habitats instead of applying measures on single species. This can be realized in the territories with unique communities on Grebena (Sarta) Ridge near Plevun and on Iranov Ridge (Irantepe) near Popsko and in the territories with valuable ecosystems near Ivaylovgrad, along the middle course of Byala Reka River, in the area on the east of Krumovgrad and on Stramni Ridge on the east of Momchilgrad. 5. Protected territories. Establishing a natural park in the Eastern Rhodopes and a net of reserves in it will help the conservation of the whole invertebrate fauna. The borders of the future park and the determination of zones with different regime of use can be defined on the basis of short-term samples from the unexplored parts of the mountain. 6. Concrete measures for protection of species. Restriction or prohibition of pasture in small territories with natural borders, easy for designation, can be added to the general measures for conservation of habitats. These zones are not clear now and can be specified after field observations and investigations. 7. Protected species. The proposal from 1987 for protected species of Orthoptera and Mantodea is yet to be discussed and accepted. 8. Red list. Publishing a third volume on invertebrates of the Red book of Bulgaria was recommended on several occasions. The preparation of a Red list of Orthopterida and some other invertebrate groups in the Eastern Rhodopes can start after updating the information by a two or three-year field study.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program (BSBCP) and to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) for financing the projects on the biodiversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (1997, 2002). We are also indebted to Dr. Vladimir Savitsky for confirmation of the identification of Duroniella laticornis and to the colleagues who have given us collected orthopterid insects: Hristina Eturska for samples with Malaise trap at Madjarovo; Dr. Albena Gjonova for the new to Bulgaria Myrmecophilus and for identification of its host ant species; Dr. Stoyan Beshkov, MSc Boyan Petrov, Dr. Pavel Stoev, Dr. Vladimir Beshkov and MSc Nikolai Tsankov for the collected rare species of Paranocarodes, Saga, Locusta and cave fauna. We are also grateful to MSc Silvia Tosheva for preparing the maps.
References The papers and books with data on the Orthopterida of the Eastern Rhodopes are asterisked. The other literary sources are cited for other reasons and do not contain information on the treated territory.
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* KALTENBACH A. 1967b. Mantodea und Saltatoria aus Griechenland. – Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien, 70 [1966]: 183-199. KARAMAN I., KARAMAN M. 1987. Contribution to the knowledge of the species Complex Ectobius erythronotus B. 1913. – Articulata, 3 (1): 1-5. * KATI V., WILLEMSE F. 2001. Grasshoppers and crickets of the Dadia Forest Reserve (Thraki, Greece) with a new record of the Greek fauna: Paranocarodes chopardi Pechev, 1965 (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae). – Articulata, 16 (1-2): 11-19. * KIS B., PESCHEV G. 1967. Zur Frage über Jaquetia hospodar Sauss. (Orthoptera). – Reichenbachia, 8 (14): 105-109. * LASAROFF A. 1940. Die marokkanische Heuschrecke, Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb., während des Jahres 1939 in Bulgarien. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 11: 65-74. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). * MALKOV K. 1907. Description of some of diseases on crops appeared in 1906 in the Kingdom. – God. otchet Zem. opit. stan. Sadovo, 4: 158-176. (In Bulgarian). MAŘAN J. 1958a. Eine neue Art der Gattung Discoptila Pantel aus Bulgarien. Orthoptera – Gryllidae. – Acta ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 32 (490): 37-40. * MAŘAN J. 1958b. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Variabilität von Acrotylus insubricus (Scop.). Orthoptera – Acrididae. – Acta ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 32 (495): 171-179. MAŘAN J. 1958c. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Variabilität von Troglophilus neglectus Krauss. Orthoptera Raphidophoridae. – Acta ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 32 (511): 387-393. * NAIDENOV V. 1920. The Italian grasshopper and the control of the grasshoppers in general. – In: Populyarna zemedelska biblioteka. Balg. zemed. druzh., Sofia, 44 pp. (In Bulgarian). * NEDELKOV N. 1908. Second contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – Period. spis. Balg. knizh. druzh. Sofia, 68/19 [1907] (5-6): 411-436. (In Bulgarian). * NEDELKOV N. 1923. Eight contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – Spis. Balg. akad. naukite, Klon Prir.-matem., 25 (12): 45-52. (In Bulgarian). NIKOLOV V., JORDANOVA M. 2002. The mountains in Bulgaria. Second revised and supplemented edition. Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 226 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). * PESCHEV G. 1953. The Bush-cricket in Bulgaria and the control against it. – Priroda, 2 (5): 41-46. (In Bulgarian). * PESCHEV G. 1959a. Une nouvelle espèce d’Isophya Br.-W. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) de Bulgarie. – C. r. Acad. bulg. Sci., 12 (3): 251-253. * PESCHEV G. [PEŠEV G.]. 1959b. Unbekannte Geradflüglerarten (Orthoptera) aus der Fauna Bulgariens. – Bull. Inst. zool. Acad. sci. Bulg., 8: 153-160. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PEŠEV G.]. 1962. Unbekannte Geradflüglerarten (Orthoptera) für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 11: 181-187. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PECHEV G.]. 1964. Les orthoptères de la Thrace. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk). Band I. Verlag Bulg. Akad. Wiss., Sofia, 107-144. (In Bulgarian, summ. French, Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PECHEV G.]. 1965. Une nouvelle espèce du Paranocarodes I. Bolivar, 1916 (Orthoptera, Acrididae) de Bulgarie. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 19: 73-83. (In Bulgarian, summ. French, Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PEŠEV G.]. 1971. Zusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Geradflügler (Orthoptera) in Bulgarien. Ergänzung I. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 32 [1970]: 199-228. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PÉCHEV G.]. 1974. Orthoptères du Rhodope. Répartition et groupement écologiques. – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 40: 99-131. (In Bulgarian, summ. French, Russ.). * PESCHEV G. [PECHEV G.]. 1975. La faune orthoptèrologique (Orthoptera) des Rhodopes. II. Composition spécifique, distribution et origine. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Materiaux. Edit. Acad. bulg. sci., Sofia, 93-120. (In Bulgarian, summ. French, Russ.). PESCHEV G., ANDREEVA E. [PESHEV G.]. 1986. Orthoptera in Southwest Bulgaria. I. Fauna. – In: Fauna of Southwestern Bulgaria. Part I. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 82-117. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). * PETKOV P. 1920. From the societies of natural history. [Reports]. – Estestvozn. i geogr., 5 (1-2): 76-77. (In Bulgarian). * PETROV B., STOEV P. 1997. The invertebrate cave fauna in the Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Biodiversity Conservation of Eastern Rhodopes. Final Report. First Draft. Bulg.-Swiss Biodiv. Cons. Progr., Sofia, 90-101 [in English]; 2: 198-216 [in Bulgarian]. POPOV A. 1984. Le genre Discoptila Pant. (Orthoptera, Gryllidae). – Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 11 (1): 65-78. POPOV A. 1997. Orthoptera. – In: Sakalian V. (ed.). Endemic and relict insects in the Pirin National Park, Bulgaria. Pensoft Publ., Sofia – Moscow, 12-24.
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Authors’ addresses: Dr. Alexi Popov National Museum of Natural History Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Dragan Chobanov Rakovski Str. 34 1202 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
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A. POPOV, D. CHOBANOV Ортоптеридните насекоми (Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera и Orthoptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Алекси ПОПОВ, Драган ЧОБАНОВ (Р е з ю м е)
Изследването на разпространението на ортоптеридните разреди в Източните Родопи се основава на всички публикувани данни и на определянето и ревизирането на колекцията на Националния природонаучен музей в София. Сведения за групата има в 49 публикации: за българската част – 33, за гръцката част – 14 и за двете части – 2 статии. Оригиналният материал се състои от повече от 3652 екземпляра от българската част на планината и 362 екземпляра от съседен на изследвания район. Хорологичните данни се отнасят за територия със следните граници: р. Каялийка (Скаличица), седловината Китката, р. Железница, р. Боровица, р. Арда, Рудозем, Чепинска река, проход Елидже, р. Куру (Сушица), Егейско море, границата между Гърция и Турция, северните поли на планината южно от Любимец, Бисер, Харманли и Хасково и северно от Минерални бани. В тези граници ортоптеридни видове са известни от общо 161 находища: 79 точни и 6 неточно локализирани в българската част и 76 находища в гръцката част на изследвания район. В Източните Родопи са установени 125 вида от Orthopterida (правокрили насекоми в широк смисъл), разпределени по разреди, както следва: Dermaptera (ухолези) – 4 вида, Mantodea (богомолки) – 4 вида, Blattodea (хлебарки) – 8 вида, Isoptera (термити) – 1 вид и Orthoptera (правокрили насекоми в тесен смисъл) – 108 вида. Вероятно е намирането на разред Embioptera (ембии), а е възможно, макар и не толкова вероятно, установяването и на разред Phasmodea (привидениеви), съобщен на 52 km извън изследвания район. От българската част на планината са известни 106 вида, а от гръцката част – 98 вида. В този брой не са включени 11 вида, които са намирани край Свиленград и в равнинната част по егейското крайбрежие край големи реки или недалеч от морския бряг и вероятно не се срещат в планинската част на района. Не са публикувани за фауната на България следните видове и подвид: Gryllomorpha cf. miramae (и за Балканския полуостров), Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus, Notostaurus anatolicus, Chorthippus porphyropterus и Saga campbelli gracilis. Данни за някои от тях са под печат. За първи път се съобщават точни находища на Xya pfaendleri в България. Първи находки за Източните Родопи се установяват за следните таксони: разред Isoptera, подразред Gryllacridoidea, семействата Rhinotermitidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Mogoplistidae и Myrmecophilidae, 5 подсемейства, родовете Reticulitermes, Ephippiger, Troglophilus, Acheta, Modicogryllus, Discoptila, Arachnocephalus, Myrmecophilus, Celes, Arcyptera и Notostaurus, 1 подрод и 10 вида освен споменатите по-горе таксони. За първи път се съобщават за българската част на Източните Родопи: подразред Tridactyloidea, семействата Oecanthidae, Tridactylidae и Labiduridae, 6 подсемейства, родовете Phaneroptera, Melanogryllus, Gryllomorpha, Pteronemobius, Oecanthus, Uvarovitettix, Xya, Pezotettix и Labidura, 1 подрод и други 23 вида. Благодарение на настоящото изследване и на проучванията в Североизточна Гърция през последните 20 години проучеността на двете части на планината сега е много добра. Непроучени остават Жълти дял, Чуката, околностите на Рудозем, Неделино и Джебел и горното течение на Бяла река в българската част, по-високите части на планината от двете страни на границата (Мъгленик, Гюмюрджински снежник) и най-западната планинска част в Гърция между реките Куру и Филиури. Уникалността на локалната фауна се илюстрира от източнородопския ендемит и преглациален реликт Paranocarodes chopardi и много редкия вид Duroniella laticornis с единствени европейски популации в района, както и от наличието на цял комплекс от ксеротермни видове, обитаващи псевдомаквисите. Източните Родопи са един от най-важните резервоари на медитеранска и субмедитеранска фауна в България наред с Кресненския пролом и южната част на черноморското крайбрежие. Броят на ендемичните Orthopterida в българската част е по-малък единствено от тези в Рила, Пирин, Славянка, Беласица и Кресненския пролом, а превъзхожда всички останали райони в страната. Това потвърждава високата консервационна стойност на територията. Източните Родопи отстъпват на Западните Родопи по видово разнообразие поради липсата на голяма разлика във височините.
Dermaptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera
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Видовото разнообразие в гръцката част е почти еднакво с това в българската част, но изглежда относително бедно на фона на много по-богатата гръцка фауна. Броят на ендемитите в гръцката част е малко по-голям от броя им в българската част, но като процент спрямо всички гръцки ендемити е много нисък. Разглежданите разреди обитават 28 хабитата и субхабитата. Най-голямо е видовото разнообразие в мезофилните тревни съобщества в пасища, следвано от това в сухотревните съобщества на силикатни терени и в термомедитеранските храстови формации (но също по тревистата растителност в тях). Общият брой на таксоните с консервационна значимост е 46, като 22 от тях се нуждаят от защита: в българската част – 10 вида, в гръцката част – 9 таксона и в двете части – 3 вида. Найвисока консервационна стойност имат локалният ендемит и реликт Paranocarodes chopardi, редкият вид с реликтни популации Duroniella laticornis и източнобългарският ендемит и реликт Discoptila buresi. Като важни за съхраняването на ортоптеридната фауна са избрани пет територии: западните и югозападните околности на Ивайловград и квартал Лъджа; рид Гребена (Сърта) северно от с. Плевун; Иранов рид (Ирантепе) югозападно от с. Попско; долината на Бяла река между селата Меден бук и Мандрица; склоновете на Стръмни рид източно от Момчилград, с. Подкова и с. Чорбаджийско. Посочени са някои от заплахите, влияещи върху качествената и количествената структура на ортоптеридната фауна, както и някои фактори, които оказват положително въздействие върху едни и отрицателно въздействие върху други видове от разглежданите разреди. Направени са препоръки за опазване и за задълбочаване на познанията върху фауната на Orthopterida в Източните Родопи.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Elena TASHEVA-TERZIEVA
Tasheva-Terzieva E. 2004. Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 311-314. Abstract. A list of the aphid species (Homoptera, Aphidodea) recorded so far from the Eastern Rhodopes is given. Key words: Aphidodea, aphids, faunistics, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The Eastern Rhodopes is one of the poorly investigated Bulgarian regions in relation to aphids. For the aphid fauna of the Rhodopes Mountain more than 80 aphid species are known until now, only 13 of them are announced for the eastern part. SZELEGIEWICZ (1962) published the first data on aphids found in this region. He gave information about 4 species from the family Aphididae, collected in Kardjali. TASHEV (1964, 1965) reported 3 more species from this family. In 1966 the same author published 4 aphid species from family Aphididae, new for the Eastern Rhodopes, and one species from the family Chaitophoridae (TASHEV, 1967). Later, on the basis of material collected on Anthemis tinctoria L. west of Ivaylovgrad, Tashev described Anthemidaphis oligommata Tashev as a new genus and species (TASHEV, 1967).
List of species Chaitophoridae Sipha (Rungsia) maydis Passerini, 1860 Host plant: Gramineae. Locality: the village of Mezek (TASHEV, 1966). Distribution: Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, Pakistan, South Africa.
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E. TASHEVA-TERZIEVA Aphididae Aphis hederae Kaltenbach, 1843 Host plant: Hedera helix L. Locality: near the village of Varbovo (TASHEV, 1966). Distribution: Europe, the Middle East, former USSR, North America, South Africa. Aphis vallei Hille Ris Lambers & Stroyan, 1959 Host plant: Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Locality: the region of Ivaylovgrad (TASHEV, 1965). Distribution: Europe. Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 Host plant: Verbascum sp. Locality: near the village of Varbovo (TASHEV, 1966). Distribution: Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, Northern India. Aphis vitalbae Ferrari, 1872 Host plant: Clematis vitalba L. Locality: the village of Tankovo, south-west of Harmanli (TASHEV, 1964). Distribution: Europe.
Anthemidaphis oligommata Tashev, 1967 Host plant: Anthemis tinctoria L. Locality: the ridge above the village of Malko Gradishte, about 20 km west of Ivaylovgrad (TASHEV, 1967). Distribution: Europe. Anuraphis farfarae (Koch, 1854) Host plant: Tussilago farfara L. Locality: near the village of Varbovo (TASHEV, 1966). Distribution: Europe, Central Asia as far east as Turkey. Brachycaudus cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Host plant: Onopodron sp. Locality: Kardjali (SZELEGIEWICZ, 1962). Distribution: Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, India, North America. Capitophorus similis van der Goot, 1915 Host plant: Tussilago farfara L. Locality: near the village of Varbovo (TASHEV, 1966). Distribution: Europe, Central Asia.
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Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776) Host plant: Medicago sp. Locality: Kardjali (SZELEGIEWICZ, 1962). Distribution: originally Palearctic, now worldwide. Uroleucon achilleae (Koch, 1855) Host plant: Medicago sp. Locality: Kardjali (SZELEGIEWICZ, 1962). Distribution: Europe. Uroleucon tussilaginis (Walker, 1850) Host plant: Tussilago farfara L. Locality: the village of Varbovo (TASHEV, 1965). Distribution: Europe, Central Asia. Uroleucon (Uromelan) jaceae aeneum (Hille Ris Lambers, 1934) Host plant: Carduus sp. Locality: Kardjali (SZELEGIEWICZ, 1962). Distribution: Europe.
References SZELEGIEWICZ H. 1962. Materialen zur Kenntnis der Blattläuse (Homoptera, Aphididae) Bulgariens. – Ann. Zool., 20 (7): 47-65. TASHEV D.1964. Neubesschreibung der Art Aphis vitalbae Ferr. (Hom., Aphid.). – Annuaire Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol. Geol. Geogr., 57, 1 - Biologie (Zoologie), 59-68. TASHEV D.1965. Beitrag zur Aphidinenfauna Bulgariens. II. – Annuaire Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., 58 [1961/ 1962], 1 – Zoologie, Physiologie et Biochimie des animaux, 1–12. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). TASHEV D.1966. Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) from Thrace. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens. Band III. Bulg. Akad. Wiss., Sofia, 37–69. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). TASHEV D.1967. A New Aphid Genus and Species on Anthemis tinctoria L. – Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 20 (10): 1069–1071.
Author’s address: Elena Tasheva-Terzieva Department of Zoology and Anthropology Faculty of Biology Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” 8, Dragan Tzankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
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E. TASHEVA-TERZIEVA Листни въшки (Homoptera, Aphidodea) от Източните Родопи (България) Елена ТАШЕВА-ТЕРЗИЕВА (Р е з ю м е)
Афидофауната на Източните Родопи е много слабо проучена. Списъкът на публикуваните досега видове листни въшки (Homoptera, Aphidodea) включва един вид от семейство Chaitophoridae и дванадесет вида от семейство Aphididae.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Cicadina (Insecta: Homoptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Ilia GJONOV
Gjonov I. 2004. Cicadina (Insecta: Homoptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 315-330. Abstract. On the basis of published and original data 128 species of Cicadina (Homoptera) are reported from the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. They belong to 12 families: Cixiidae – 7 species, Delphacidae – 16, Dictyopharidae – 5, Tettigometridae – 10, Caliscelidae – 2, Issidae – 8, Flatidae – 1, Cicadidae – 1, Cercopidae – 2, Aphrophoridae – 6, Membracidae – 2 and Cicadellidae – 68 species. That is about 20% of known Bulgarian species. New to the region are 62 species and 4 of them are new to the Bulgarian fauna: Tettigometra fusca, Tettigometra vitellina, Opsius cypriacus and Thamnotettix creticus. Key words: Cicadina, Auchenorrhyncha, Homoptera, Bulgaria, Rhodopes, distribution
Introduction The fauna of Cicadina in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is not specially studied. First data appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. NEDELKOV (1908) and JOAKIMOV (1909) reported one and two species respectively. Later DLABOLA (1957, 1958, 1971) found 40 species mainly in the vicinities of Svilengrad. DWORAKOWSKA (1970) described Arboridia cantoreanica and another species on the basis of material sampled in Haskovo by R. Bielawski. Gruev and the Romanian entomologist Cantoreanu (CANTOREANU & GRUEV, 1967) mentioned another species from the region. On the basis of own sampling LAUTERER (1980) reported several species from the region. Bulgarian authors who have published data on the group from the region are JOSIFOV (1957) Stictocephala bisonia and PELOV (1968) – 27 records. The most numerous papers on the topic belong to BAYRYAMOVA (1976, 1983, 1985, 1991). In the period of 1976-1991 she recorded a lot of species from the Eastern Rhodopes. In 2002 EMELJANOV et al. reported 4 species from that area and GJONOV (2002) identified another one. So far 66 species of the suborder Cicadina are known from the region of Eastern Rhodopes.
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I. GJONOV Material and methods
The list is prepared on the basis of published and original data. The material was collected during an expedition of Prof. A. Emeljanov, Dr. V. Gnezdilov (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) and the author in 2000 and by the author in 2002 and 2003. The samples are marked with Arabic numerals as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
Svetulka Village (Ardino), 561 m, N41.55275 E25.07164, 3.8.2000. Stremtsi Village (Kardjali), 430 m, N41.74758 E25.42897, 4.8.2000. Belopoltsi Village (Kardjali), N41.53221 E25.80740, 4.8.2000. Beli Plast Village (Kardjali), 514 m, N41.78597 E25.43222, 4.8.2000. Vransko Village (Krumovgrad), 358 m, N41.49236 E25.62128, 4.8.2000. Kamilski Dol Village (Ivaylovgrad), 477 m, N41.61525 E26.03683,5.8.2000. Lyubimets, Maritsa River, N41.86501 E26.08856, 5.8.2000. Pastrook Village (Ivaylovgrad), 404 m, N41.46264 E25.93761, 5.8.2000. Mandritsa Village (Ivaylovgrad), 76 m, N41.40106 E26., 31.8.2002. Drabishna Village (Ivaylovgrad), 143 m, N41.49886 E26.16306, 31.8.2002. Dolno Lukovo Village (Ivaylovgrad), 99 m, N41.37536 E26.07511, 31.8.2002. Dyadovtsi Village (Ardino), 612 m, N41.61647 E25.12397, 28.4.2003. Dyavolski Most (Ardino), 445 m, N41.62056 E25.11428, 28.4.2003. Beli Plast Village (Kardjali), 514 m, N41.78597 E25.43222, 29.4.2003. Mlechino Village (Ardino), 907 m, N41.60453 E25.16281, 29.4.2003. Vransko Village (Krumovgrad), 358 m, N41.49236 E25.62128, 30.4.2003. Momchilgrad, 567 m, N41.48786 E25.45908, 30.4.2003. Zvezdel Village (Momcilgrad), 519 m, N41.47361 E25.54450, 30.4.2003. Zhelezino Village (Ivaylovgrad), 484 m, N41.48236 E25.94389, 30.4.2003. Kamilski Dol Village (Ivaylovgrad), 372 m, N41.60347 E26.05239, 1.5.2003. Madjarovo, 135 m, N41.64600 E25.89547, 2.5.2003. Madjarovo, 253 m, N41.62253 E25.88417, 2.5.2003. Madjarovo, 300 m, N41.65347 E25.88747, 2.5.2003. Malko Popovo Village (Madjarovo), 376 m, N41.60108 E25.90914, 3.5.2003. Senoklas Village (Madjarovo), 318 m, N41.60747 E25.94206, 3.5.2003. Malki Voden Village (Madjarovo), 133 m, N41.66469 E25.95503, 3.5.2003. Nord Malki Voden Village (Madjarovo), 323 m, N41.69972 E25.96281, 4.5.2003. Dabovets Village (Ivaylovgrad), 525 m, N41.61783 E26.03969, 4.5.2003. Drabishna Village (Ivaylovgrad), 143 m, N41.49886 E26.16306, 5.5.2003. Meden Buk Village (Ivaylovgrad), 109 m, N41.37083 E26.05706, 5.5.2003. Odrintsi Village (Ivaylovgrad), 217 m, N41.45042 E26.13814, 5.5.2003. Dolno Lukovo Village (Ivaylovgrad), 99 m, N41.37536 E26.07511, 5.5.2003. Kokiche Village (Kardjali), 405 m, N41.68967 E25.56675, 6.5.2003. Mechka Reka, Iskra Village (Asenovgrad), 333 m, N41.92861 E25.10564, 6.5.2003.
The localities, which are not within the studied area but in its immediate proximity, are enclosed in square brackets “[ ]”. They are included in this publication because of
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insufficiency of data and it is most likely that the relevant species be found within the studied area in the future. - Species new to the region are marked with an asterisk ‘*’. - Species new to the Bulgarian fauna are marked with two asterisks ‘**’. Information about the species is given in the following order: - The species name in the publication (it is not included if it is the same). - Habitat. - Date of collection. - If it is not clear from the publication and if it is known – who collected and identified the specimens. - Author and date of publication of published data. - New material for each species is listed. - Specimens without a collector’s name in the text are collected and identified by the author.
List of species FULGOROMORPHA CIXIIDAE Cixius distinguendus Kirschbaum, 1868 Cixius intermedius Fieb.: Chorbadjiysko Village (Kardjali), 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) Cixius stigmaticus (Germar, 1818) Kardjali, 22.4.1979 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1985) *Hyalesthes luteipes Fieber, 1876 [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 2, 10 [Myndus musivus (Germar, 1825)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Reptalus apiculatus (Fieber, 1876) Oliarus fumatipennis Dl.: Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969; Popsko Village (Krumovgrad), 20.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA) *Reptalus melanochaetus (Fieber, 1876) [Oliarus melanochaetus Fieber, 1876: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 2 (leg. Emeljanov, Gnezdilov) (det. Emeljanov) *Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour, 1833) [Oliarus quinquecostatus Dufour, 1833: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 8
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I. GJONOV Tachycixius pilosus (Olivier, 1791) Cixius pilosus Olin.: Svirachi Village (Ivaylovgrad), 19.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976)
DELPHACIDAE Asiracinae *Asiraca clavicornis (Fabricius, 1796) New data: 20, 21, 22, 24, 31, 32 Stenocraninae *Stenocranus minutus Fabricius, 1787 New data: 13 Delphacinae Acanthodelphax spinosus (Fieber, 1866) Madan, Shadiica, 17.5.1978, 29.5.1978 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) Calligypona reyi (Fieber, 1866) 2 km SE Harmanli, 100 m, 20.7.1973 (LAUTERER, 1980) Delphacodes capnodes (Scott, 1870) 2 km SE Harmanli, 100 m, 20.7.1973 (LAUTERER, 1980) [Delphacodes mulsanti (Fieber, 1866)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Ditropis pteridis (Spinola, 1839) Ardino, Belite Brezi, 800-900 m. Pteridium aquilinum, 8.7.1973 (LAUTERER, 1980) Euconomelus lepidus (Boheman, 1847) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), marsh vegetation, 11.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) Eurysa lineata (Perris, 1857) Podkova Village (Kardjali), 19.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968); Madan, Shadiica (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) [Flastena fumata (Lindberg, 1948)] [Calligypona fumata Lindberg, 1948: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957); Ribautodelphax fumatus (Lindberg, 1948): Svilengrad, 14-18.6.1947 (DLABOLA, 1971)]
*Florodelphax leptosoma (Flor, 1861) New data: 25 Javesella dubia (Kirschbaum, 1868) Madan, Shadiica (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) New data: 25, 33
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Javesella pellucida (Fabricius, 1794) Madan, Shadiica, 7.5.1978 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) [Javesella obscurella (Boheman, 1847)] [Calligypona obscurella Boheman, 1847: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
*Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen, 1826) New data: 3, 5, [7], 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33 Paradelphacodes paludosus (Flor, 1861) 2 km SE Harmanli, 100 m, 20.7.1973 (LAUTERER, 1980) Ribautodelphax albostriatus (Fieber, 1866) Madan, Shadiica, 29.5.1978 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) Ribautodelphax collinus (Boheman, 1847) Madan, Shadiica, 7.5.1978 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1983) *Xanthodelphax stramineus (Stal, 1858) New data: 25 DICTYOPHARIDAE Dictyopharinae Callodictya krueperi (Fieber, 1876) Stremtsi Village (Kardjali), ~350 m, 4.8.2000; Pastrook Village (Ivaylovgrad), ~400 m, 5.8.2000; Kamilski Dol Village, ~250 m, 5.8.2000 (EMELJANOV et al., 2002) *Dictyophara europaea (Linnaeus, 1767) New data: 2 (leg. Emeljanov) (det. Emeljanov) Dictyophara lindbergi Metcalf, 1955 Pastrook Village (Ivaylovgrad), ~400 m, 5.8.2000 (EMELJANOV et al., 2002) Dictyophara multireticulata Muslant & Rey, 1855 Dictyophora multireticulata M. -R.: Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 8.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, 2, 8 Orgeriinae Ranissus edirneus Dlabola, 1957 Palxorgerius punctiger Dlabola, 1957: Lyubimets, 18.6.1969; Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969; Popsko Village (Krumovgrad), 20.6.1969; Avren Village (Krumovgrad), 21.6.1969; Kardjali, 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) New data: 2, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 34
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TETTIGOMETRIDAE *Micrometrina baranii (Signoret, 1866) New data: 24 *Tettigometra atra Hagenbach, 1822 New data: 17, 28 **Tettigometra fusca Fieber, 1865 New data: 8 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Emeljanov) *Tettigometra griseola Fieber 1865 New data: 8 (leg. Emeljanov) (det. Emeljanov) *Tettigometra hexaspina (Kolenati, 1857) [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 4 (leg. Emeljanov) (det. Emeljanov), 31 *Tettigometra laeta Herrich-Schaffer, 1835 New data: 2 (leg. Emeljanov) (det. Emeljanov) *Tettigometra obliqua (Panzer, 1799) New data: 10, 15, 20, 22 [? Tettigometra sicula Kirschbaum (det. Emeljanov)] New data: 2 (leg. Emeljanov), 6 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Emeljanov)
*Tettigometra sulphurea Muslant & Rey, 1855 New data: 20, 24, 25, 34 *Tettigometra virescens (Panzer, 1799) New data: 2, 6 **Tettigometra vitellina Fieber, 1865 New data: 3 (leg. Emeljanov), 8 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Emeljanov) CALISCELIDAE *Caliscelis affinis (Fieber, 1876) New data: 6, [7], 10 Ommatidiotus dissimilis (Fallen, 1806) Lyubimets, 18.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) New data: 10
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ISSIDAE Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877) Kardjali; Ivaylovgrad; Mezek (Svilengrad), (BAYRYAMOVA, 1991) New data: 2 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Gnezdilov) *Agalmatium f lavescens (Olivier, 1791) [Hysteropterum grylloides Fabricius, 1794: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 3, 5 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Gnezdilov) Bubastia corniculata (Puton, 1886) Haskovo, July, (NEDYALKOV, 1908) *Bubastia josifovi Dlabola, 1980 New data: 2, 6, 8 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Gnezdilov) Bubastia novalis (Logvinenko, 1975) Hysteropterum tauricum Kuznezov, 1926: Kardjali, 6.9.1955, leg. Josifov (DLABOLA, 1958; CANTOREANU & GRUEV, 1967) New data: 2, 3, 6, 8 (leg. Gnezdilov) (det. Gnezdilov) Issus coleoptratus (Fabricius, 1781) Kardjali; Chorbadjiysko Village (Kardjali) (BAYRYAMOVA, 1991) Issus muscaeformis (Schrank, 1781) Issus musceformis Schrnk.: Spahievo (Sijpejli) (Haskovo), May1900 (JOAKIMOV, 1909) *Mycterodus immaculatus (Fabricius, 1794) New data: 24, 27 FLATIDAE Phantia subquadrata (Herrich-Schaffer, 1838) Stremtsi Village (Kardjali), ~350 m, 4.8.2000; Pastrook Village (Ivaylovgrad), ~400 m, 5.8.2000; Kamilski Dol Village, ~250 m, 5.8.2000 (EMELJANOV et al., 2002) New data: 11
CICADOMORPHA CICADIDAE Cicadetta mediterranea Fieber, 1876 Podkova Village (Kardjali), June1957 (PELOV, 1968) CERCOPIDAE *Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli, 1763) New data: 24, 27
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I. GJONOV *Cercopis intermedia Kirschbaum, 1868 New data: 29, 34
APHROPHORIDAE *Aphrophora alni (Fallen, 1805) New data: 1, 8 Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778) A. salicis de Geer: near Haskovo, May 1900 (JOAKIMOV, 1909); [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 2 *Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 1, 2, 3, 6, [7], 8, 10 *Neophilaenus exclamationis (Thunberg, 1784) New data: 1, 6 *Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: 3 *Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) New data: 2, 4, 5, 6, [7], 10, 11 MEMBRACIDAE Centrotinae *Centrotus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 27 Smiliinae Stictocephala bisonia Kopp & Yonke, 1977 Ceresa bubalus F.: near Kardjali, September 1955 (JOSIFOV, 1957) CICADELLIDAE Ulopinae *Utecha trivia Germar, 1821 New data: 1, 15, 24, 34 [M e g o p h t a l m i n a e] [Megophthalmus scanicus (Fallen, 1806)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
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Macropsinae *Hephathus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1835) New data: 1, 2, 10, 11 Agallinae *Anaceratagallia ribauti (Ossiannilsson, 1938) New data: 1 *Austroagallia sinuata (Muslant & Rey, 1855) New data: 10 Dryodurgades anatolicus Dlabola, 1957 Kamilski Dol Village, ~250 m, 5.8.2000 (EMELJANOV et al., 2002) New data: 24, 28, 30 Idiocerinae *Acericerus rotundifrons (Kirschbaum, 1868) New data: 2 *Acericerus vittifrons (Kirschbaum, 1868) New data: 4 Balcanocerus balcanicus (Horvath, 1903) Stremtsi Village (Kardjali) (GJONOV, 2002) [Idiocerus herrichii (Kirschbaum, 1868)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] [Populicerus fulgidus (Fabricius, 1775)] [Idiocerus cupreus Kirschbaum, 1868: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Penthimiinae Penthimia nigra (Goeze, 1778) Lyubimets, 18.6.1969; Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) New data: 23, 28, 29 Dorycephalinae Eupelix cuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 12.7.1957; Podkova Village (Kardjali), 29.6.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, [7] *Paradorydium paradoxum (Herrich-Schaffer, 1837) New data: 6
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Hecalinae *Hecalus glaucescens (Fieber, 1866) New data: [7] Aphrodinae Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank, 1776) Harmanli, exothermophile vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957); Podkova Village (Kardjali), 28.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968); [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] [Stroggylocephalus agrestis (Fallen, 1806)] [Strongylocephalus agrestis (Fallen, 1806): Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Typhlocybinae Alebrini Alebra albostriella (Fallen, 1826) Podkova Village (Kardjali), Quercus sp., August 1957 (PELOV, 1968) Empoascini *Chlorita tessellata Lethierry, 1884 New data: 11 Kybos abstrusus (Linnavuori, 1949) Empoasca (Kybos) abstrusa Linnavuori, 1949: Momchilgrad, 18.9.1963 (DWORAKOWSKA, 1976) *Kybos strigilifer Ossiannilsson, 1941 New data: 1 *Kybos virgator (Ribaut, 1933) [Empoasca virgator Ribaut, 1933: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 10 Typhlocybini Eupteryx melissae Curtis, 1837 Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 12.8.1957; Podkova Village (Kardjali), Mentha aquatica, July August 1957 (PELOV, 1968) Eupteryx stachydearum (Hardy, 1850) Eupteryx stachyderum (Hardy): Podkova Village (Kardjali), Stachys sp., 28.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) [Linnavuoriana sexmaculata (Hardy, 1850)] [Typhlocyba sexpunctata (Fallen, 1826): Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
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Erythroneurini Arboridia parvula (Boheman, 1845) Podkova Village (Kardjali), August 1957 (PELOV, 1968) Arboridia cantoreanica Dworakowska, 1970 Haskovo, 24.9.1954 (DWORAKOWSKA, 1970) Kropka unipunctata (Dlabola, 1957) Zygina unipunctata (Dlab.): Podkova Village (Kardjali), Mentha aquatica, August 1957 (PELOV, 1968) Zygina frauenfeldi Lethierry, 1880 2 km SE Harmanli, 100 m, 20.7.1973 (LAUTERER, 1980) Deltocephalinae Goniognathini Goniognathus bolivari (Melichar, 1907) Avren Village (Ivaylovgrad), 21.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) Goniognathus brevis (Herrich-Schaffer, 1835) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 08.8.1957; Podkova Village (Kardjali), 24.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, 2, 3, 14, 15, 20, 24, 32 Scaphytopiini *Japananus hyalinus (Osborn, 1900) New data: 1, 2, 4, 10 Opsiini Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1834) Neoaliturus guttulatus (Kbm.): Podkova Village (Kardjali), 24.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 10 **Opsius cypriacus Lindberg, 1958 New data: 5, 9 [Opsius lethierryi Wagner, 1942] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Macrostelini *Balclutha punctata (Fabricius, 1775) New data: 31 Macrosteles laevis (Ribaut, 1927) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), Knizhovnik Village (Haskovo), Lyubimets (PELOV, 1968)
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Macrosteles viridigriseus (Edwards, 1922) Iskra Village (Plovdiv); Izvor Village (Haskovo); Knizhovnik Village (Haskovo); Lyubimets; Podkova Village (Kardjali) (PELOV, 1968) New data: 10 *Macrosteles fieberi (Edwards, 1891) New data: 25, 34 Fieberiellini *Fieberiella septentrionalis Wagner, 1963 New data: 4 (leg. Emeljanov) (det. Emeljanov) Deltocephalini [Deltocephalus pulicaris (Fallen, 1806)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Recilia schmidtgeni (Wagner, 1939) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 11.8.1957, marsh vegetation (PELOV, 1968) Doraturini *Chiasmus conspurcatus (Perris, 1857) New data: 1, [7] *Doratura heterophyla Horvath, 1903 New data: 2, 6, [7], 8, 10 *Doratura stylata (Boheman, 1847) New data: 1 Athysanini [Allygidius atomarius (Fabricius, 1794)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Allygidius mayri (Kirschbaum, 1868) Podkova Village (Kardjali), 24.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) Anoplotettix fuscovenosus (Ferrari, 1882) Lyubimets, 18.6.1969; Avren Village (Krumovgrad), 21.6.1969; Chorbadjiysko Village (Kardjali), 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) Artianus manderstjernii (Kirschbaum, 1868) Artianus mandersteineri (Kbm.): Podkova Village (Kardjali), 2.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10
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327
Cicadula f lori (J. Sahlberg, 1871) Chorbadjiysko Village (Ivaylovgrad), 22.6.1969; Kardjali, 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) [Cicadula lineatopunctata (Matsumura, 1908)] [Cicadula divaricata v. pallidifrons Ribaut, 1952: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
Cicadula quadrinotata (Fabricius, 1794) Podkova Village (Kardjali), 23.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) [Conosanus obsoletus (Kirschbaum, 1858)] [Euscelis obsoletus Kirschbaum, 1858: Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] [Elymana sulphurella (Zetterstedt, 1828)] [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)]
*Euscelidius schenckii (Kirschbaum, 1868) New data: 3, 11 Euscelis alsius Ribaut, 1952 Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1969) New data: 6, [7] *Euscelis lineolatus Brulle, 1832 New data: 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34 Euscelis incisus (Kirschbaum, 1858) Euscelis plebejus (Fall.): Podkova Village (Kardjali), 10.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, 15, 17, 18 Handianus procerus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1834) Handianus procaerus H. – S.: Lyubimets, 18.6.1969; Svirachi Village (Ivaylovgrad), 19.6.1969; Avren Village (Krumovgrad) (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) Hardya anatolica Zachvatkin, 1946 Lyubimets, 18.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 18.6.1969; Mandritsa Village (Ivaylovgrad), 19.6.1969; Svirachi Village (Ivaylovgrad), 19.6.1969; Plevun Village (Ivaylovgrad), 20.6.1969; Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969; 20 km West Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969; Golijka (Kardjali?), 21.6.1969; Avren Village, 21.6.1969; Chorbadjiysko Village (Kardjali), 22.6.1969; Kardjali, 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) Hesium domino (Reuter, 1880) Thamnotettix biguttatus Fall.: Mineralni Bani Village (Haskovo), May 1900 (JOAKIMOV 1909)
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I. GJONOV Macustus grisescens (Zetterstedt, 1828) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 8.8.1957; Podkova Village (Kardjali), 20.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 13 Mocydia crocea (Herrich-Schaffer, 1837) Podkova Village (Kardjali), 26.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) Phlepsius intricatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1838) Kardjali, 23.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) New data: 6 Platymetopius major (Kirschbaum, 1868) Podkova Village (Kardjali), 24.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 8 *Platymetopius ponticus Emeljanov, 1964 New data: 10 *Platymetopius undatus (De Geer, 1773) New data: 1 Selenocephalus obsoletus (Germar, 1871) Selenocephalus planus (Turt.): Podkova Village (Kardjali), 6.7.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 2, 3, 6, 8 **Thamnotettix creticus Dlabola, 1974 New data: 24, 28 Thamnotettix exemptus Melichar, 1896 Lyubimets, 18.6.1969 (BAYRYAMOVA, 1976) New data: 24, 28 *Thamnotettix thrax Dlabola, 1965 New data: 8
Paralimnini *Adarrus multinotatus (Boheman, 1847) New data: 6 *Arocephalus longiceps (Kirschbaum, 1868) New data: 34 *Jassargus obtusivalvis (Kirschbaum, 1868) New data: 1, 2, 3, 24
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Metalimnus formosus (Boheman, 1845) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 12.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) *Psammotettix cephalotes (Herrich - Schaffer, 1834) New data: 34 Psammotettix confinis (Dahlbom, 1850) Iskra Village (Plovdiv), 12.8.1957 (PELOV, 1968) New data: 1, 2, 10, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 33 *Psammotettix provincialis (Ribaut, 1925) New data: 2, [7], 8, 10, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, 31 *Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Svilengrad, marsh vegetation, 1947 (DLABOLA, 1957)] New data: 1, 3, 10, 31
Conclusion So far 128 species of the suborder Cicadina (Auchenorrhyncha), which belong to 12 families, are found in the Eastern Rhodopes. New to the region are 62 species and 4 of them are new to the Bulgarian fauna: Tettigometra fusca, Tettigometra vitellina, Opsius cypriacus and Thamnotettix creticus. Tettigometra fusca is widely distributed in Central Europe, Ukraine and Russia as well as in South Europe – Italy and Yugoslavia. Tettigometra vitellina is reported from Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Yugoslavia. Opsius cypriacus is described from Cyprus and it is also found in Ukraine. Thamnotettix creticus is described from Crete. This is the first finding of the species in the continental part of Europe. The species found in the region are 20% of the known Bulgarian species.
Acknowledgments The author extends his gratitude to Prof. Alexander Emeljanov and Dr. Vladimir Gnezdilov (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) for providing the necessary data and their unreserved support.
References BAYRYAMOVA V. 1976. Contribution to the Study of Cicada Fauna in Bulgaria (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). – In: Terrestrial fauna of Bulgaria. Materials, Sofia, 224-233 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). BAYRYAMOVA V. 1983. Species Composition and Distribution of Species of Family Delphacidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 21: 34-52 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). BAYRYAMOVA V. 1985. Species Composition and Ditribution of Species of Family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). – Acta zool. bulg., 28: 34-44 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.).
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CANTOREANU M., GRUEV B. 1967. Zikaden-Arten aus Bulgarien (Hom., Auchen.). – Trav. Sci. Ec. Nor. Sup. “Paissi Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, 5 (2): 139-147. DLABOLA J. 1957. Results of the zoological expedition of the National Museum in Prague to Turkey. – Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 31 (469): 19-68. DLABOLA J. 1958. Records of leafhoppers from Czechoslovakia and south european countries. – Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 3: 7-15. DLABOLA J. 1971. Taxonomische und chorologische Ergänzungen zur türkischen und iranischen Zikadenfauna (Homopt. Auchenorrhyncha). - Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 14 (163): 115-138. DWORAKOWSKA I. 1976. Kybos Fieb., subgenus of Empoasca Walsh (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) in Palaearctic. – Acta zool. cracov., 21 (13): 387-464. EMELJANOV A. F., GNEZDILOV V. M., GJONOV I. V. 2002. Addenda to the fauna of Cicadina (Hemiptera) of Bulgaria. – Acta Ent. Slovenica, 10 (1): 83-90. GJONOV I. V. 2002. Data on the bionomics and distribution Balcanocerus balcanicus (Horvath, 1903) (Homoptera, Cicadina, Cicadellidae) in Bulgaria. – Ent. Obozr., 81 (2): 338-339 (In Russian, summ. Engl.). JOAKIMOV, D. 1909. On the fauna of Hemiptera of Bulgaria. – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka knizhn., 25 (7): 1-34 (In Bulgarian). JOSIFOV M. 1957. Ceresa bubalus F. (Hem. Hom. Membracidae) – A new pest on the fruit trees and the lucerne in our country. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 6: 569-571 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). LAUTERER P. 1980. New and interesting records of leafhoppers from Czechoslovakia (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). – Acta Mus. Moraviae Sci. nat., 65: 117-140. NEDELKOV N. 1908. Third contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – Period. spis. Balg. knizh. druzh., 69 (9-10): 670-692 (In Bulgarian). PELOV V. 1968. Beitrag zur Erforshung der bulgarishen Zikadenfauna (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 26: 157-171 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
Author’s address: Ilia Gjonov 30, Pirin Str. P.O. Box 405 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Cicadina (Insecta: Homoptera) на Източните Родопи (България) Илия ГЬОНОВ (Р е з ю м е) За българската част на Източните Родопи са установени по литературни данни и собствени изследвания общо 128 вида от Cicadina (Homoptera) от 12 семейства: Cixiidae – 7; Delphacidae – 16; Dictyopharidae – 5; Tettigometridae – 10; Caliscelidae – 2; Issidae – 8; Flatidae – 1; Cicadidae – 1; Cercopidae – 2; Aphrophoridae – 6; Membracidae – 2 и Cicadellidae – 68. Това съставлява близо 20% от известните за фауната на България видове. Нови за района са 62 вида, от които четири са нови за фауната на България: Tettigometra fusca, Tettigometra vitellina, Opsius cypriacus и Thamnotettix creticus.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Heteroptera (Insecta) in the Bulgarian Part of the Eastern Rhodopes
Michail JOSIFOV, Nikolay SIMOV
Josifov M., Simov N. 2004. Heteroptera (Insecta) in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 331-369. Abstract. The present article is the first attempt at a summary of known literature and unpublished data about the Heteroptera in the region of the Eastern Rhodopes, which is among the most poorly explored regions in Bulgaria from a hemipterological point of view. Four hundred sixty eight (468) species of 34 families are announced. Because of the great habitat diversity, at least 300 other Heteroptera species could be found and announced from the region if a systematic research takes place in the future. Key words: Heteroptera, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, faunistic diversity
The large territory, relief, plant variety and marked Mediterranean climatic influence are preconditions for great diversity of the Heteroptera species in the Eastern Rhodopes. The insufficient scientific research of the heteropterous fauna in this part of Bulgaria is due to the remoteness of the region; the lack of infra structure and the interdiction to visitsome parts of the mountain for political reasons. The material was collected sporadically with an entomological net, a net for dendrobiont forms, a light trap and with a Malaise trap in the period of September 2000 – April 2001 in the regions of Harmanli, Kardjali, Momchilgrad, Ivaylovgrad, Zlatograd, Madjarovo, Dabovets, Mezek, Mineralni Bani (Haskovo spa resort), Ribino and Visoka Polyana. The present article is the first attempt at a summary of known literature and unpublished data. The heteroptera species are represented in two groups according to their affiliation with the main faunistic complexes – Mediterranean and Eurosiberian and in accordance with the concept about the origin and zoogeographical characteristics of the South European insect fauna (JOSIFOV, 1988). The affiliation of the species with one of the complexes is shown by abbreviations and more precise data follows after its name in brackets. After the name of each species, the list, gives information on the publications where it was announced from the region and its locality. If there is nothing of this mentioned after the species’ name that means that the species are announced for the first time from the territory of Eastern Rhodopes in spite of the fact that they are widely distributed and numerous in the visited regions by the authors. The material is kept in the collections in the National Museum of Natural History and the Institute of Zoology in Sofia.
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV List of species Abbreviations used in the publication: ESK - a species that belongs to the Eurosiberian complex MK - a species that belongs to the Mediterranean complex Aeth - Ethiopian species AM - Atlantomediterranean species AM1 - Atlantomediterranean species with distribution even outside the borders of the Mediterranean region E - European species End - endemic species ES - Eurosiberian species HA - Holarctic species HM - Holomediterranean species HM1 - Holomediterranean species with distribution even outside the borders of the Mediterranean region HP - Holopalearctic species MA - Middle Asian species MoM - Montmediterranean species NM - Northern Mediterranean species NM1 - Northern Mediterranean species distributed even outside the borders of the Mediterranean region NTr - Neotropical species PM - Pontomediterranean species PM1 - Pontomediterranean species with wider distribution SES - Southern Eurosiberian species WES - Western Eurosiberian species WM - Western Mediterranean species WP - Western Palearctic species K - cosmopolitan species KSZ - cosmopolitan species of the tropical and subtropical zones
DIPSOCORIDAE Cryptostemma (Harpago) medium Rey, 1858 (castaneovitreum Linnavuori, 1951) MK (NM). NEPIDAE Nepa cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 (rubra Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). ESK (HP). Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). ESK (HP). BELOSTOMATIDAE Lethocerus (s. str.) patruelis (Stål, 1854) MK (PM).
Insecta OCHTERIDAE Ochterus (s. str.) marginatus marginatus (Latreille, 1804) Arda River, Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1960). MK (KSZ). CORIXIDAE Micronecta (s. str.) carpatica Wroblewsky, 1958 Ribino, protected area Talashman-Dere Valley (SIMOV & JOSIFOV, 2004). MK (E). Micronecta (s. str.) griseola Horváth, 1899 ESK (WES). Corixa affinis Leach, 1817 MK (HM1). Corixa punctata (Illiger, 1807) ESK (WP) Hesperocorixa linnaei (Fieber, 1848) ESK (WP). Sigara (Pseudovermicorixa) nigrolineata nigrolineata (Fieber, 1848) ESK (WP). Sigara (s. str.) striata (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Sigara (Subsigara) iactans Jansson, 1983 MK (E). Sigara (Verrmicorixa) lateralis (Leach, 1817) ESK (HP). NAUCORIDAE Ilyocoris cimicoides cimicoides (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758 ESK (ES). Notonecta maculata Fabricius, 1794 MK (HMl).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Notonecta meridionalis Poison, 1926 Zlatograd (JOSIFOV,1960). MK (HM). ?Notonecta viridis Delacourt, 1909 MK (HM + MA). PLEIDAE Plea minutissima minutissima Leach, 1817 ESK (WP). HEBRIDAE Hebrus (s. str.) montanus Kolenati, 1857 MK (HM). HYDROMETRIDAE Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) MK (HM). VELIIDAE Velia (Plesiovelia) mancinii mancinii Tamanini, 1947 Ivaylovgrad (JOSIFOV, 1960). MK (PM). Velia (Plesiovelia) rhadamantha rhadamantha Hoberlandt, 1914 MK (PM). GERRIDAE Aquarius paludum paludum (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (ES). Gerris (s. str.) argentatus Schummel, 1832 ESK (HP). Gerris (s. str.) costae fieberi Stichel, 1938 MK (PM). Gerris (s. str.) lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Gerris (s. str.) maculatus Tamanini, 1946 MK (PMl). Gerris (s. str.) thoracicus Schummel, 1832 ESK (WP).
Insecta Limnoporus rufoscutellatus (Latreille, 1807) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). ESK (ES). SALDIDAE Chartoscirta cincta cincta (Herrich - Schaeffer, 1841) ESK (HP). Chartoscirta cocksii (Curtis, 1835) ESK (WP). Macrosaldula variabilis connectens (Horváth, 1888) Mineralni Bani (JOAKIMOV, 1909). MK (PM). Saldula ampicollis (Reuter, 1891) MK (HM). Saldula arenicola arenicola (Scholtz, 1847) ESK (HA) Saldula melanoscela (Fieber, 1859) ESK (ES). Saldula opacula (Zetterstedt, 1838) ESK (ES). LEPTOPODIDAE Erianotus lanosus (Dufour, 1834) Harmanli, under stones (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Leptopus marmoratus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HM). Patapius spinosus (Rossi, 1790) Harmanli, under stones (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). TINGIDAE Acalypta marginata (Wolff, 1804) ESK (ES).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Agramma atricapillum (Spinola, 1857) Harmanliyska River, on Carex (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Agramma blandulum (Horváth, 1905) MK (PM). Catoplatus carthusianus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HMl). Catoplatus horvathi (Puton, 1878) (flavipes Horváth, 1874) MK (HMl). Copium brevicorne (Jakovlev, 1879) MK (PM). Copium clavicorne clavicorne (Linnaeus, 1758) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (NMl). Copium teucrii teucrii (Host, 1788) MK (HM1). Derephysia (s. str.) foliacea foliacea (Fallén, 1807) (lugens Horváth, 1902) ESK (ES). Dictyla echii (Schrank, 1782) ESK (WP). Dictyla humuli (Fabricius, 1794) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (ES). Dictyla nassata (Puton, 1874) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Dictyla rotundata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) MK (PMl). Dictyla triconula (Seidenstücker, 1954) MK (PM). Dictyonota strichnocera Fieber, 1844 ESK (WES).
Insecta Elasmotropis testacea testacea (Herrich–Schaeffer, 1830) MK (HMl). Hyalochiton komaroffii (Jakovlev, 1880) MK (NM). Kalama aethiops (Horváth, 1905) MK (HM). Kalama tricornis (Schrank, 1801) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HA). Lasiacantha gracilis (Herrich–Schaeffer, 1830) Harmanliyska River, on Thymus (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (NMl). Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) Harmanliyska River, on Populus (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Oncochila scapularis (Fieber, 1844) ESK (SES). Oncochila simplex (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830) ESK (ES). Stephanitis pyri (Fabricius, 1775) Harmanli, on Pyrus (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WP). Tingis (Tropidocheila) geniculata (Fieber, 1844) Harmanliyska River, Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Tingis (Tropidocheila) griseola (Puton, 1879) MK (HM). Tingis (Tropidocheila) ragusana (Fieber, 1861) Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1964b). MK (HM). Tingis (s. str.) angustata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) MK (HMl).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Tingis (s. str.) auriculata (A. Costa, 1847) MK (HMl). Tingis (s. str.) cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Tingis (s. str.) grisea Germar, 1835 MK (NMl). MIRIDAE Dicyphus (Brachyceroea) albonasutus Wagner, 1951 Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1957, 1960); Zlatograd (JOSIFOV, 1960). MK (HM). Dicyphus (Brachyceroea) globulifer (Fallén, 1829) ESK (WES). Dicyphus (s. str.) cerastii Wagner, 1951 MK (NM). Dicyphus (s. str.) eckerleini Wagner, 1963 MK (PM). Dicyphus (s. str.) errans (Wolff, 1804) ESK (WES). Dicyphus (s. str.) josifovi Rieger, 1995 (epilobii auct.) MK (End). Dicyphus (s. str.) stachydis wagneri Tamanini, 1956 MK (HM). Macrolophus costalis (Fieber, 1858) MK (HM). Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur, 1839) (nubilus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) MK (HMl). Deraeocoris (Camptobrochis) serenus (Douglas & Scott, 1868) MK (NMl). Deraeocoris (s. str.) olivaceus (Fabricius, 1777) MK (HMl).
Insecta Deraeocoris (s. str.) ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WP). Deraeocoris (s. str.) rutilus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) MK (PM). Deraeocoris (s. str.) schach (Fabricius, 1781) Ivaylovgrad (JOSIFOV, 1993). MK (HM). Deraeocoris (s. str.) trifasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758) MK (NMl). Deraeocoris (s. str.) ventralis ventralis (Reuter, 1904) MK (NMl). Deraeocoris (Knightocapsus) lutescens (Schilling, 1837) MK (HMl). Deraeocoris (Knightocapsus) putoni (Montandon, 1885) MK (PM). Adelphocoris josifovi Wagner, 1968 MK (PM). Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze, 1778) ESK (HP). Adelphocoris seticornis (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (ES). Adelphocoris ticinensis (Meyer-Dür, 1843) ESK (WES). Adelphocoris vandalicus (Rossi, 1790) MK (HMl +MA). Agnocoris reclairei (Wagner, 1949) Harmanliyska River, on Salix (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WES). Agnocoris rubicundus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (HA).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Alloenotus fulvipes (Scopoli, 1763) MK (PMl). Aphanosoma italicum A. Costa, 1842 Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909); Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1960). MK (PM). Apolygus spinolae (Meyer-Dür, 1841) ESK (ES). Brachycoleus decolor Reuter, 1887 Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). ESK (ES). Calocoris roseomaculatus angularis (Fieber, 1864) ESK (ES). Camptozygum aequale (Villers, 1789) MK (WP). Capsodes gothicus gothicus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Capsus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WES). Charagochilus gyllenhalii (Fallén, 1807) ESK (HP). Charagochilus weberi Wagner, 1953 MK (HMl). Closterotomus annulus (Brullé, 1832) MK (PM). Closterotomus biclavatus biclavatus (Herrich-Schaeffer,1835) ESK (WES). Closterotomus cinctipes (A. Costa, 1853) Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (PM). Closterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin, 1790) ESK (HA).
Insecta
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Closterotomus princeps (Reuter, 1880) MK (End). Closterotomus trivialis (A. Costa, 1853) Haskovo (NEDYALKOV, 1908). MK (HM). Cyphodema instabilis (Lucas, 1849) Harmanliyska River; Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Horistus (Primihoristus) orientalis (Gmelin, 1790) (Capsodes cingulatus (Fabricius, 1787)) MK (HMl). Liocoris tripustulatus (Fabricius, 1781) ESK (WES). Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) ESK (HP). Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 1911 ESK (ES). Megacoelum angustum Wagner, 1965 MK (PM). Miris striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WES). Orthops (s. str.) campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WP). Orthops (s. str.) kalmi (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Phytocoris (Eckerleinius) incanus Fieber, 1864 MK (PM + MA). Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) parvulus Reuter, 1880 Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1960). MK (HM).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) tridens Wagner, 1954 MK (PM). Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WES). Phytocoris (Ktenocoris) varipes Boheman, 1852 ESK (WP). Phytocoris (Leptophytocoris) ustulatus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835 MK (NMl). Phytocoris (s. str.) dimidiatus Kirschbaum, 1856 ESK (WP). Phytocoris (s. str.) populi (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Phytocoris (s. str.) tiliae (Fabricius, 1777) ESK (WP). Phytocoris (Stictophytocoris) meridionalis Herrich–Schaeffer, 1835 MK (NM). Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) cognatus (Fieber, 1858) ESK (HA). Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) unifasciatus (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (HA). Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) vulneratus (Panzer, 1806) ESK (HA). Polymerus (s. str.) holosericeus Hahn, 1831 ESK (WES). Rhabdomiris striatellus (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (WES). Saundersiella moerens (Reuter, 1876) Dabovets (JOSIFOV, 1993). MK (Subend). Stenotus binotatus (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (ES).
Insecta Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber, 1861) MK (KSZ). Acetropis (s. str.) carinata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841) MK (HMl). Acetropis (s. str.) sinuata Wagner, 1951 (josifovi Wagner, 1967) MK (HM). Leptoterna dolobrata (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Leptoterna ferrugta (Fallén, 1807) ESK (ES). Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy, 1785) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WP). Notostria elongata (Geoffroy, 1785) ESK (ES). Stenodema (Brachystira) calcarata (Fallén, 1807) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). Stenodema (s. str.) laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Stenodema (s. str.) virens (Linnaeus, 1767) ESK (ES). Trigonotylus coelestialium (Kirkaldy, 1902) ESK (HP). Trigonotylus ruficornis (Geoffroy, 1785) ESK (WP). Trigonotylus tenuis Reuter, 1893 (pallidicornis Reuter, 1899) MK (KSZ). Halticus apterus apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HA).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Halticus luteicollis (Panzer, 1804) MK (HMl). Halticus macrocephalus Fieber, 1858 Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Halticus major Wagner, 1951 ESK (E). Halticus pusillus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) ESK (SES). Halticus saltator (Geoffroy, 1785) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (NMl). Orthocephalus bivittatus Fieber, 1864 MK (NMl). Orthocephalus saltator (Hahn, 1835) (ferrarii Reuter, 1891) ESK (ES). Piezocranum simulans Horváth, 1877 MK (NMl). Strongylocoris leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Strongylocoris luridus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WP). Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fallén, 1807) Harmanliyska River, on Alnus glutinosa (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). Cyllecoris histrionius (Linnaeus, 1767) MK (HMl). Driophilocoris (s. str.) f lavoquadrimaculatus (De Geer, 1773) ESK (WP). Globiceps (s. str.) sphaegiformis (Rossi, 1790) MK (HMl).
Insecta Globiceps (Kelidocoris) sordidus Reuter, 1876 MK (NMl). Heterocordylus (s. str.) farinosus Horváth, 1887 MK (PM). Heterocordylus (s. str.) leptocerus (Kirschbaum, 1856) MK (NMl). Heterotoma merioptera (Scopoli, 1763) MK (PMl). Malacocoris chlorizans (Panzer, 1794) ESK (WES). Orthotylus (Melanotrichus) f lavosparsus (C. R. Sahlberg, 1841) ESK (HA). Orthotylus (s. str.) marginalis Reuter, 1883 Harmanliyska River, on Salix (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). Orthotylus (s. str.) nassatus (Fabricius, 1787) Harmanliyska River, on Salix (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (ES). Orthotylus (s. str.) prasinus (Fallén, 1826) ESK (E). Orthotylus (s. str.) quercicola Reuter, 1885 MK (PM). Orthotylus (Pinocapsus) fuscescens (Kirschbaum, 1856) MK (E). Reuteria marqueti Puton, 1875 MK (NMl). Pilophorus clavatus (Linnaeus, 1767) ESK (ES). Pilophorus confusus (Kirschbaum, 1856) ESK (HP).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Pilophorus perplexus Douglas & Scott, 1875 ESK (WP). Pilophorus simulans Josifov, 1989 ESK (WES). Hallodapus suturalis (Herrich–Schaeffer, 1837) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Mimocoris rugicollis (A. Costa, 1853) MK (HM). Systellonotus triguttatus (Linnaeus, 1767) ESK (WES). Amblytylus concolor Jakovlev, 1877 MK (PM). Amblytylus nasutus (Kirschbaum, 1856) ESK (WP). Atractotomus mali (Meyer-Dür, 1843) ESK (WES). Campylomma verbasci (Meyer–Dür, 1843) ESK (HA). Chlamidatus (Euattus) pullus (Reuter, 1870) ESK (ES). Chlamydatus (s. str.) saltitans (Fallén, 1807) ESK (ES). Criocoris crassicornis (Hahn, 1834) ESK (ES). Criocoris sulcicornis (Kirschbaum, 1856) MK (NMl).
Europiella albipennis (Fallén, 1829) (Plagiognathus lanuginosus lanuginosus Jakovlev, 1875) ESK (WES).
Insecta Europiella artemisiae (Becker, 1864) ESK (ES). Harpocera hellenica Reuter, 1876 MK (PM). Harpocera thoracica (Fallén, 1807) MK (NM1). Heterocapillus tigripes (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) NK(NMl). Hoplomachus thunbergii (Fallén, 1807) ESK (E). Icodema infuscata (Fieber, 1861) MK (NM). Lopus decolor decolor (Fallén, 1807) ESK (E). Macrotylus (Alloeonycha) paykullii interpositus Wagner, 1951 MK (HM). Megalocoleus hungaricus Wagner, 1944 MK (PM). Megalocoleus molliculus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (HP). Monosynamma bohemani (Fallén, 1829) Harmanliyska River, on Salix (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HA). Oncotylus (s. str.) viridif lavus viridiflavus (Goeze, 1778) MK (NMl + MA). Opisthotaenia (s. str.) fulvipes (Reuter, 1901) MK (PM). Orthonotus cylindricollis (A. Costa, 1853) MK (NM). Orthonotus pseudoponticus Josifov, 1964 MK (End).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Orthonotus rufifrons (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WES). Pachyxyphus lineellus (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) MK (HM). Phylus (s. str.) coryli (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Phylus (s. str.) melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767) MK (NMl). Plagiognathus (s. str.) bipunctatus Reuter, 1883 MK (NMl). Plagiognathus (s. str.) fulvipennis (Kirschbaum, 1856) MK (NMl). Psallus (Hylopsallus) perrisi (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1969). ESK (WES). Psallus (Hylopsallus) variabilis (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WES). Psallus (Hylopsallus) wagneri Ossiannilsson, 1953 ESK (WES). Psallus (Mesopsallus) ambiguus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WES). Psallus (Phylidea) henschii Reuter, 1888 Dabovets (JOSIFOV, 1993). MK (NM). Psallus (Phylidea) nigripilis (Reuter, 1888) MK (PM). Psallus (Phylidea) quercus (Kirschbaum, 1856) MK (NMl). Psallus (s. str.) anaemicus Seidenstücker, 1966 MK (PM). Psallus (s. str.) cruentatus (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) MK (NM).
Insecta Psallus (s. str.) helenae Josifov, 1969 MK (NM). Psallus (s. str.) mollis (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) ESK (WES). Salicarus (s. str.) roseri (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) Harmanliyska River, on Salix (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (ES). Shtenarus rotermundi (Scholtz, 1847) ESK (WES). NABIDAE Prostemma (s. str.) aenicolle Stein, 1857 MK (HM1). Himacerus (Aptus) mirmicoides (O. Costa, 1834) ESK (WP). Himacerus (s. str.) apterus (Fabricius, 1798) ESK (ES). Nabis (s. str.) pseudoferus pseudoferus Remane, 1949 ESK (WES). Nabis (s. str.) punctatus punctatus A. Costa, 1847 ESK (WP). ANTHOCORIDAE Anthocoris confusus Reuter, 1884 ESK (HA). Anthocoris gallarumulmi (De Geer, 1773) ESK (WES). Anthocoris minki minki Dohrn, 1860 MK (HMl + MA). Antocoris nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (WP). Elatophilus (s. str.) nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) ESK (WES).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Temnostethus (Ectemnus) reduvinus reduvinus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) Momchilgrad (JOSIFOV, 1964b). MK (NMl). Temnostethus (Montandoniella) dacicus (Puton, 1888) MK (NMl). Temnostethus (s. str.) longirostris (Horváth, 1907) MK (PM). Temnostethus (s. str.) lunula Wagner, 1952 Mezek (JOSIFOV, 1993). MK (HM?) Temnostethus (s. str.) tibialis Reuter, 1888 (bucuresciensis Montandon, 1895) MK (NM). Orius (Heterorius) laticollis laticollis (Reuter, 1884) ESK (ES). Orius (Heterorius) majusculus Reuter, 1879 ESK (HP). Orius (s. str.) niger (Wolff, 1811) ESK (HP). Lyctocoris (s. str.) campestris (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (WP). Xylocoris (Arrostelus) f lavipes (Reuter, 1875) Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1983). MK (KSZ). Xylocoris (Proxylocoris) galactinus (Fieber, 1836) ESK (HA). Xylocoris (s. str.) cursitans (Fallén, 1807) ESK (HA). CIMICIDAE Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 ESK (K). Oeciacus hirundinus (Lamarck, 1816) ESK (WP?)
Insecta REDUVIIDAE Ploiaria domestica Scopoli, 1786 MK (HM). Peirates hybridus (Scopoli, 1763) Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Phymata (s. str.) crassipes (Fabricius, 1775) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). MK (HMl). Pasira basiptera Stål, 1859 Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Pasira mediterranea Dispons, 1959 Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1990). MK (NM). Reduvius pallipes Klug, 1830 MK (M (p)). Reduvius personatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HA). Oncocephalus acutangulus Reuter, 1882 Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1970). MK (M (p)). Oncocephalus squalidus (Rossi, 1790) Mineralni Bani; Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Nagusta goedelii (Kolenati, 1857) MK (PM). Rhinocoris (s.str.) iracundus (Poda, 1761) ESK (SES). Rhinocoris (s. str.) punctiventris (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846) MK (PM). Sphedanolestes pulchellus (Klug, 1830) MK (PM).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV ARADIDAE Aneurus (s. str.) laevis laevis (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (WP). Aradus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Aradus cinnamomeus Panzer, 1806 ESK (WES). Aradus conspicuus Herrich-Shaeffer 1835 (crenatus auct.) ESK (HP). Aradus ribauti Wagner, 1956 MK (NMl). LYGAEIDAE Apterola (s. str.) kuenckeli kuenckeli Mulsant & Rey, 1866 MK (M(p)). Arocatus longiceps Stål, 1872 MK (PM). Horvathiolus superbus (Pollich, 1781) MK (HM1 + MA). Lygaeosoma sardeum sardeum Spinola, 1837 (reticulatum Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Melanocoryphus albomaculatus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HMl). Melanocoryphus tristrami (Douglas & Scott, 1868) MK (NM). Spilostethus pandurus (Scopoli, 1763) MK (KSZ). Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli, 1763) MK (HM).
Insecta Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778) Harmanliyska River on Marsdenia erecta (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837) MK (HMl + MA). Nysius graminicola graminicola (Kolenati, 1845) MK (HMl + MA). Nysius senecionis senecionis (Schilling, 1829) MK (HMl + tropical Africa). Ortholomus punctipennis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838) ESK (ES). Kleidocerys privignus (Horváth, 1894) MK (PM). Cymus claviculus (Fallén, 1807) Mineralni Bani, on Juncus (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). Cymus glandicolor Hahn, 1832 ESK (ES). Cymus melanocephalus Fieber, 1861 ESK (WP). Dimorphopterus doriae (Ferrari, 1874) MK (NM). Geocoris (s. str.) arenarius (Jakovlev, 1867) MK (PM). Geocoris (s. str.) ater (Fabricius, 1787) ESK (ES). Geocoris (s.str.) megacephalus (Rossi, 1790) MK (HM + MA). Geocoris (s. str.) pallidipennis pallidipennis (A. Costa, 1843) Zlatograd (JOSIFOV, 1958). MK (HM).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Geocoris (s. str.) pubescens (Jakovlev, 1871) MK (PMl). Geocoris (Piocoris) erythrocephalus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825) MK (HM). Holcocranum saturejae (Kolenati, 1845) MK (HMl). Heterogaster affinis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835 MK (HMl + MA). Heterogaster artemisiae Schilling, 1829 MK (HM + MA). Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (WP). Camptotelus lineolatus (Schilling, 1829) MK (NMl + MA). Macroplax fasciata fasciata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) MK (HM). Metopoplax origani (Kolenati, 1845) MK (NMl + MA). Microplax albofasciata (A. Costa, 1847) MK (HM). Microplax interrupta (Fieber, 1837) MK (HMl + MA). Oxycarenus (Euoxycarenus) pallens (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) MK (HMl + MA). Oxycarenus (s. str.) modestus (Fallén, 1829) ESK (WES). Tropistethus fasciatus Ferrari, 1874 MK (NM + MA). Tropistethus holosericus (Scholtz, 1846) (holosericeus Fieber, 1861) ESK (WES).
Insecta Drymus (s. str.) pilipes (Fieber, 1861) Podkova, Momchilgrad District (JOSIFOV, 1974). MK (NMl). Drymus (Sylvadrymus) brunneus brunneus (R. F. Sahlberg, 1848) ESK (ES). Drymus (Sylvadrymus) sylvaticus (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (ES). Gastrodes grossipes grossipes (De Geer, 1773) ESK (ES). Ischnocoris bureschi Josifov, 1976 MK (Subend also in the Asian part of Turkey). Ischnocoris hemipterus (Schilling, 1829) ESK (WES). Ischnocoris punctulatus Fieber, 1861 Uzundjovska River, 12 km W of Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (SES). Scolopostethus affinis (Schilling, 1829) ESK (WES). Scolopostethus pictus (Schilling, 1829) ESK (WES). Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter, 1875 ESK (HA). Aoploscelis bivirgata (A. Costa, 1853) MK (HM). Aphanus rolandi (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WP). Emblethis angustus Montadon, 1890 Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM+MA). Emblethis denticollis Horváth, 1878 ESK (HP).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Emblethis griseus (Wolff, 1802) MK (HMl). Emblethis karamanus Seidenstücker, 1963 MK (PM). Emblethis verbasci (Fabricius, 1803) MK (HMl). Ischnopeza hirticornis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) Mineralni Bani; Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Pionosomus opacellus Horváth, 1895 ESK (SES). Pterotmetus staphyliniformis (Schilling, 1829) ESK (ES). Trapezonotus (s.str.) arenarius arenarius (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (ES). Lethaeus cribratissimus (Stål, 1859) MK (NM). Icus angularis Fieber, 1861 MK (HM + MA). Lamprodema maura (Fabricius, 1803) MK (HM + MA). Lasiocoris anomalus (Kolenati, 1845) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Lasiocoris antennatus Montandon, 1889 Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1964b). MK (End). Megalonotus emarginatus (Rey, 1888) MK (NMl + MA). Megalonotus sabulicola (Thomson, 1870) ESK (HA).
Insecta Pezocoris apicimacula (A. Costa, 1853) MK (HM + MA). Paromius gracilis (Rambur, 1839) MK (HM + MA). Plinthisus (s. str.) brevipennis (Latreille, 1807) ESK (WP). Plinthisus (s. str.) coracinus Horváth, 1876 Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1964b). MK (PM). Plinthisus (s. str.) longicollis Fieber, 1861 (hungaricus Horváth, 1875) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl + MA). Aellopus atratus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HMl + MA). Beosus maritimus (Scopoli, 1763) ESK (WP). Beosus quadripunctatus (Müller, 1766) ESK (WP). Graptopeltus lynceus (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (WP). Peritrechus gracilicornis Puton, 1877 ESK (WP). Peritrechus lundii (Gmelin, 1789) Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WP). Peritrechus meridionalis Puton, 1877 MK (HM + MA). Peritrechus nubilus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WP). Raglius alboacuminatus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HM1 + MA).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Raglius confusus (Reuter, 1886) MK (HMl + MA). Rhiparochromus phoeniceus (Rossi, 1794) ESK (WP). Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling, 1829) MK (NMl). Xanthochilus minusculus (Reuter, 1885) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Xanthochilus quadratus (Fabricius, 1798) MK (HMl + MA). Acompus pallipes (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1834) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Stygnocoris fuligineus (Geoffroy,1785) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WP). PIESMATIDAE Parapiesma variabile (Fieber, 1844) MK (NMl + MA). Piesma capitatum (Wolff, 1804) ESK (HP). Piesma maculatum (Laporte, 1833) Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). BERYTIDAE Apoplymus pectoralis Fieber, 1859 MK (HM). Neides aduncus Fieber, 1859 Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Neides tipularius (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WES).
Insecta Berytinus clavipes (Fabricius, 1775) ESK (ES). Berytinus geniculatus (Horváth, 1885) MK (HMl). Berytinus hirticornis hirticornis (Brullé, 1836) MK (NMl). Berytinus minor minor (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) ESK (HP). Berytinus montivagus (Meyer–Dür, 1841) Harmanliyska River; Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Berytinus striola (Ferrari, 1874) MK (HM). Gampsocoris culicinus culicinus Seidenstücker, 1948 MK (HMl). Gampsocoris punctipes punctipes (Germar, 1822) ESK (WP). Metacanthus (s. str.) meridionalis (A. Costa, 1843) MK (NM). PYRRHOCORIDAE Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WP). Pyrrhocoris marginatus (Kolenati, 1845) MK (NMl + MA). Scanthius aegypticus rossii Caparezza, Kerzhner & Rieger, 1999 Momchilgrad (JOSIFOV, 1954). MK (PM + MA). STENOCEPHALIDAE Dicranocephalus agilis (Scopoli, 1763) ESK (HP). Dicranocephalus albipes (Fabricius, 1781) MK (HMl).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV COREIDAE Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze, 1778) MK (HMl + MA). Coreus marginatus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Enolops disciger (Kolenati, 1845) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1914). MK (PM). Enoplops scapha (Fabricius, 1803) ESK (HP). Syromastes rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1767) ESK (WP). Haploprocta sulcicornis (Fabricius, 1794) MK (HM). Centrocoris spiniger (Fabricius, 1803) MK (HM). Centrocoris variegatus Kolenati, 1845 Harmanli (JOAKIMOV, 1914). MK (HM). Spathocera dahlmanii (Schilling, 1829) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (WP) Spathocera lobata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840) Mineralni Bani; Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Phyllomorpha laciniata (Villers, 1789) Harmanli (JOAKIMOV, 1909). MK (HM). Arenocoris waltli (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1834) MK (HMl). Bathysolen nubilus (Fallén, 1807) ESK (WP).
Insecta Bothrostethus annulipes (A. Costa, 1843) MK (NMl). Ceraleptus gracilicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) Mineralni bani (JOAKIMOV, 1909); Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Ceraleptus lividus Stein, 1858 Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (E). Ceraleptus obtusus (Brullé, 1839) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl + MA). Coriomeris affinis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839) MK (HM). Coriomeris denticulatus (Scopoli, 1763) MK (HMl + MA). Coriomeris hirticornis (Fabricius, 1794) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). ALYDIDAE Alydus calcaratus (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HA). Camptopus lateralis (Germar, 1817) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909). MK (HM + MA). RHOPALIDAE Corizus hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) MK (KSZ). Rhopalus (Brachycarenus) tigrinus (Schilling, 1829) ESK (ES).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Rhopalus (s. str.) conspersus (Fieber, 1837) Mineralni Bani (JOAKIMOV, 1909). ESK (WP). Rhopalus (s. str.) parumpunctatus Schilling, 1829 ESK (HP). Rhopalus (s. str.) subrufus (Gmelin, 1790) ESK (HP). Stictopleurus pictus (Fieber, 1861) MK (HM). Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze, 1778) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (SES). Stictopleurus subtomentosus (Rey, 1888) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Macceventhus corsicus corsicus Signoret, 1862 MK (NM). Agraphopus lethierryi Stål, 1872 Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + Aeth). Chorosoma schillingi (Schummel, 1829) MK (HMl + MA). CYDNIDAE Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912); Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (WP). Aethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1794) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). ESK (HP). Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771) MK (KSZ). Canthophorus melanopterus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) MK (HM).
Insecta Legnotus limbosus (Geoffroy, 1785) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). MK (HMl + MA). Ochetostethus balcanicus Wagner, 1940 Mineralni Bani (Josifov, 1964a). MK (PM). Sehirus morio (Linnaeus, 1761) ESK (WP). Tritomegas bicolor (Linnaeus, 1758) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (HP). Tritomegas sexmaculatus (Rambur, 1842) MK (NMl). ACANTHOSOMATIDAE Elasmucha grisea antennata (Reuter, 1885) MK (PM). SCUTELLERIDAE Odontoscelis fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1761) Haskovo (NEDYALKOV, 1908). ESK (HP). Odontoscelis lineola Rambur, 1842 MK (NM). Irochrotus maculiventris (Germar, 1839) Kardjali (JOSIFOV, 1969, 1981). MK (HM). Odontotarsus purpureolineatus (Rossi, 1790) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). MK (HMl). Odontotarsus robustus Jakovlev, 1883 Near Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Odontotarsus rufescens Fieber, 1861 MK (PM).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Psacasta (Cryptodontus) neglecta (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1837) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (NM). Psacasta (Cryptodontus) tuberculata (Fabricius, 1781) Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a, 1969, 1981) MK (HM). Psacasta (s. str.) exanthematica (Scopoli, 1763) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). MK (HMl + MA). Eurygaster austriaca austriaca (Schrank, 1778) MK (HM1). Eurygaster maura (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Eurygaster testudinaria (Geoffroy, 1785) ESK (HP). PENTATOMIDAE Ventrocoris (s.str.) trigonus (Krynicki, 1871) Uzundjovska River, 12 km W of Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (PM + MA). Vilpianus galii (Wolff, 1802) MK (HMl + MA). Ancyrosoma leucogrames (Gmelin, 1789) MK (NMl + MA). Tholagmus f lavolineatus (Fabricius, 1798) MK (HM). Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (WP). Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909, 1912; JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl + MA). Derula f lavoguttata Mulsant & Rey, 1856 MK (NM).
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Mustha spinosula (Lefebvre, 1831) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909; JOSIFOV, 1954); Mineralni bani (JOAKIMOV, 1912). MK (PM). Apodiphus amygdali (Germar, 1817) MK (PM). Sciocoris (Aposciocoris) homalonotus Fieber, 1852 Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HMl). Sciocoris (Aposciocoris) macrocephalus Fieber, 1852 MK (HMl). Sciocoris (s. str.) cursitans (Fabricius, 1794) Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (SES). Sciocoris (s.str.) distinctus Fieber, 1852 MK (HMl). Sciocoris (s.str.) sulcatus Fieber, 1852 Harmanliyska River, Mineralni Bani (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM + MA). Dyroderes umbraculatus (Fabricius, 1775) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Aelia rostrata Boheman,1852 ESK (WP). Aelia virgata Klug Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a) MK (PM) Neottiglossa leporina (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830) MK (HMl + MA). Eysarcoris aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) ESK (HP).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837) (inconspicuus Herrich-Schaeffer) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (KSZ). Stagonomus (Dalleria) pusillus (Herrich-Shaeffer, 1830) ESK (WP). Stagonomus (s.str.) amoenus (Brullé, 1832) MK (HM + MA). Staria lunata (Hahn, 1835) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). MK (HMl). Dryocoris sphacelatus (Fabricius, 1794) ESK (WP). Dryocoris strictus strictus (Fabricius, 1803) MK (HM). Dryocoris strictus vernalis (Wolff, 1804) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1909, 1912). ESK (HP). Palomena prasina (Linnaeus, 1761) ESK (HP). Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman, 1851) ESK (WP). Carpocoris mediterraneus mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 Harmanli (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (HM). Carpocoris pudicus (Poda, 1761) MK (HMl). Antheminia lunulata (Goeze, 1778) ESK (WP). Codophila varia (Fabricius, 1787) MK (HM + MA). Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP).
Insecta Trochiscocoris rotundatus Horváth, 1895 MK (PM). Bagrada confusa Horváth, 1936 Uzundjovska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). MK (PM). Eurydema (s. str.) oleraceum (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HP). Eurydema (s. str.) ornatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). ESK (HP). Eurydema (s. str.) rugulosum (Dohrn,1860) (JOSIFOV, 1981). MK (PM). Eurydema (s. str.) ventrale Kolenati, 1846 MK (HMl + MA). Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) MK (KSZ). Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794) Haskovo (JOAKIMOV, 1912). ESK (WP). Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761) MK (HMl + MA). Arma custos (Fabricius, 1794) Harmanliyska River (JOSIFOV, 1964a). ESK (SES). Arma insperata Horváth, 1899 MK (PM). Zicrona coerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) ESK (HA). PLATASPIDAE Coptosoma mucronatum Seidenstücker, 1963 MK (PMl).
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M. JOSIFOV, N. SIMOV Coptosoma scutellatum (Geoffroy, 1785) ESK (SES).
Until now, 468 species of Heteroptera from 34 families are recorded from the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes. They represent less than 45% of the total number of the species of this order known from the country. In the future, more systematic research would raise the expected number of the Heteroptera species to about 700. For comparison, we could see the results from the research of one well surveyed, but smaller region, with similar climatic characteristics like Sandansky – Petrich Kettle (JOSIFOV, 1999). The expected increase in the number of the Heteroptera species would be due mainly to the records of the ones that belong to the Mediterranean faunistic complex. At the moment, they represent 51%, as 5 endemics and 2 subendemics, known from the region, also belong to this complex. In the higher parts of the mountain, some Euro-Siberian species, which are characteristic for the Bulgarian high mountains, could be found as well. It is not possible at the moment to make an assessment of recent and potential threats, as well as to outlinethe regions of high conservation value for the insects of this order, because of insufficient knowledge due to the lack of systematic research. The conservation of the extremely diverse and typical habitats in the Eastern Rhodopes is of great importance for the conservation of the bugs proper of the Mediterranean complex, which occur there.
References JOAKIMOV D. 1909. On the fauna of Hemiptera of Bulgaria. – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka knizhn., 25 (3): 1-34. (In Bulgarian). JOAKIMOV D. 1912. Materials to the study of the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – God. Sof. Univ., 7: 1-346. (In Bulgarian). JOAKIMOV D. 1914. Materials to the study of the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – God. Sof. Univ., 8-9: 1194. (In Bulgarian). JOSIFOV M. 1954. Neue und seltene für die bulgarische Fauna Hemiptera-Heteroptera. – Bull. Inst. zool. Acad. bulg. sci., 3: 237-242. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1957. Hemipterologische Mitteilung. II. - Bull. Inst. zool. Acad. bulg. sci., 6: 577-579. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1958. Hemipterologische Mitteilung. III. - Bull. Inst. zool. Acad. bulg. sci., 7: 343-349. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M., 1960. Artenzusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Insekten von der Ordnung Heteroptera in Bulgarien, I. - Bull. Inst. zool. Acad. bulg. sci., 9: 107-177. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1964a. Heteroptera auf Thrakischen Tiefebene. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens, Band 1: 207-245. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1964b. Artbestand und Verbreitung der Insekten von der Ordnung Heteroptera in Bulgarien, Teil II. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 16: 83-149. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1969. Artenzusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Insekten von der Ordnung Heteroptera in Bulgarien, Teil III. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 29: 29-82. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). JOSIFOV M. 1970. Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes. 82. Beitrag. - Beitr. Ent., 20:825-956. JOSIFOV M. 1974. Hemipterologische Mitteilung. V. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 40: 217-221. (In Bulgarian, summ. German).
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JOSIFOV, M. 1981. Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea. – In: Fauna Bulgarica. 12, 1-205. (In Bulgarian). JOSIFOV M. 1983. Über die Verbreitung mancher Heteropterenarten auf der Balkanhalbinsel. II. - Acta zool. bulg., 22: 3-8. JOSIFOV M. 1988. Über den zoogeographischen Charakter der südeuropäischen Insektenfauna unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Heteropteren. - Ber. nat. med. Verein Innsbruck, 75: 177-184. JOSIFOV M. 1990. Über die Verbreitung mancher Heteropterenarten auf der Balkanhalbinsel. III.- Acta zool. bulg., 40: 3-11. JOSIFOV M. 1993. Beitrag zur Verbreitung mancher Heteropterenarten auf der Balkanhalbinsel samt Bemerkungen über die Synonymie mancher Miridenarten (Insecta, Heteroptera). - Acta zool. bulg., 46: 50-57. JOSIFOV M. 1999. Heteropterous insects in the Sandanski-Petrich Kettle, Southwestern Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 35-66. NEDYALKOV N. 1908. Rhynchota. Third contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria.- Period. spis. Balg. knizh. druzh., 69: 670-692. (In Bulgarian). SIMOV N., JOSIFOV M. 2004. Contribution to the Bulgarian fauna of Heteroptera. – Hist. nat. bulg. 16: 89-94.
Authors’ addresses: Michail Josifov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Nikolay Simov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Heteroptera (Insecta) в българската част на Източните Родопи Михаил ЙОСИФОВ, Николай СИМОВ (Р е з ю м е) Настоящата статия е първи опит за обобщение на известните литературни и непубликувани данни за хетероптерите на територията на Източните Родопи - един от най-слабо проучените в хемиптерологично отношение райони на България. Съобщават се 468 вида хетероптери от 34 семейства. Поради изключителното разнообразие на хабитатите може да се очаква намирането поне на още 300 вида в района при бъдещо системно проучване.
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Raphidoptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Alexi POPOV
Popov A. 2004. List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 371-378. Abstract. So far, 52 species of the superorder Neuropterida and the order Mecoptera have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes: Raphidioptera (4 species), Neuroptera (47 species), Mecoptera (1 species). The number of the known species in the Bulgarian part of the area is 42; in the Greek part it is 17. The degree of exploration of the mountain can be defined as medium. Eighteen species or 38% have a Mediterranean type of distribution and 30 species or 64% have a Mediterranean origin. Phaeostigma pilicollis (Raphidiidae) is the only Balkan endemic species. Two species of Wesmaelius (Hemerobiidae) are glacial relicts. Acanthaclisis occitanica and Gymnocnemia variegata in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes are rare species, as are two species of Cueta (the last four Myrmeleontidae) in the Greek part. Key words: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution
For the completeness of the present issue, a list of the species of the superorder Neuropterida and the order Mecoptera published so far from the Eastern Rhodopes was prepared. All three neuropterid orders (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera and Neuroptera), as well as the order Mecoptera undoubtedly occur in the Bulgarian and in the Greek part of the studied territory. For the present however, the Megaloptera have not been established in both parts, the Raphidioptera have not been published from the Bulgarian part of the mountain and the Mecoptera – from the Greek part of the area. The eastern part of the Rhodopes Mountains stretches throughout the central zone, situated north of the south Bulgarian border, and in the northeasternmost part of Greece. The western border is accepted here as the tectonically determined line (GEORGIEV, 1985), which begins at Elidje Pass between Arda Ridge and Zhalti Ridge on the Bulgarian-Greek border and runs along the Chepinska Reka Valley to its outfall in Arda River, along Arda Valley from Rudozem to the mouth of Borovitsa River and then along the commonly recognized border between the Western and the Eastern Rhodopes (NIKOLOV & JORDANOVA, 2002), across Kitkata Pass along Kayaliyka (Skalichitsa) River to its entering the Upper Thracian Lowland. In the Greek part of the studied area, the entire territory
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A. POPOV
between the rivers of Kourou (Sushitsa) and Evros (Maritsa) is included. The whole territory to the seashore is adopted because of the difficulty to separate the lowland from the mountain part and because most species occur in both lowland and lowest mountain slopes. Nearly all species published from the Greek part have been collected in the lowland but they are very likely to occur also in the Eastern Rhodopes proper, which border on the lowland. The faunistic information collected here comprises the species diversity, localities of each species and association with plants of the representatives of the dendrophilous families, as well as the respective literature sources (Table 1). So far, 52 species from 10 families have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes, divided into orders as follows: Raphidioptera (4 species), Neuroptera (47 species), Mecoptera (1 species). Only seven of them have been found in both Bulgarian and Greek parts of the area. They all belong to the families with attractive and large species (Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae), always more actively collected by the entomologists. The number of the known species from the Bulgarian part is 42; from the Greek part it is 17. Further analysis is made only on Neuroptera because of the scanty information on the other orders. The species established in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (41) are 36% of all the species in Bulgaria. The degree of exploration of the area can be defined as medium. The number of the known species from the Eastern Rhodopes is very likely about 70% of their real number. Eighteen species (38%), 14 of which (34%) from the Bulgarian part, have a Mediterranean type of distribution. These are the stationary Mediterranean species. If the origin however is taken into consideration, 30 species or 64% constitute Mediterranean faunistic elements, 24 of which or 59% are from the Bulgarian part of the mounatin. This number includes both stationary and expansive Holomediterranean and Pontomediterranean species. The published material has been collected in the low parts of the mountain up to 600 m. Because of that, conclusions about the vertical distribution of the species cannot be made. The only endemic taxon is Phaeostigma pilicollis (Raphidioptera), a Balkan endemic species. It is hitherto established in the Greek part but undoubtedly occurs also in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Two species of the genus Wesmaelius (Hemerobiidae) with northern origin, Wesmaelius malladai and Wesmaelius mortoni, are glacial relicts. The rare species have a high conservation value, too. Among the species established in the mountain, rare in Bulgaria are two antlions (Acanthaclisis occitanica and Gymnocnemia variegata) and one of the relicts mentioned above (Wesmaelius mortoni). Two very rare antlions from the genus Cueta are found in the Greek part of the area. Cueta lineosa and Cueta beieri are known in Europe from a few localities only.
Dichochrysa zelleri (Schneider, 1851) Cunctochrysa albolineata (Killington, 1935)
Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister, 1839)
Dichochrysa flavifrons (Brauer, 1850)
Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845 Chrysopa nigricostata Brauer, 1850 Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838)
Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1850
Chrysopidae Hypochrysa elegans (Burmeister, 1839) Italochrysa italica (Rossi, 1790) Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763) Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus, 1758)
NEUROPTERA Osmylidae Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763)
two localities in Evros District Evros District Evros District Kallithea Peak, Kapsalo Peak another locality in Evros District
GR: Evros District BG: Dabovets, Svirachi BG: Haskovo BG: Momchilgrad BG: Momchilgrad BG: Haskovo BG: Haskovo BG: Harmanli BG: Kozlets, Haskovo, Svirachi BG: Kardjali BG: Momchilgrad BG: Kozlets, Haskovo, Ivaylovgrad BG: Krumovgrad, Mandritsa BG: Avren, Dabovets, Svirachi BG: Momchilgrad BG: Haskovo BG: Odrintsi BG: Momchilgrad
BG: Ardino
GR: GR: GR: GR: GR:
2
1
RAPHIDIOPTERA Raphidiidae Phaeostigma pilicollis (Stein, 1863) Phaeostigma major (Burmeister, 1839) Raphidia beieri Aspöck et Aspöck, 1964 Venustoraphidia nigricollis (Albarda, 1891)
Localities
Species
Quercus
Quercus Nicotiana tabacum
Pinus nigra Quercus Quercus Nicotiana tabacum Quercus
Quercus Quercus Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tabacum
3
Inhabited plants
& ASPÖCK (1976) (1979) (1979) et al. (1974) et al. (1991)
ASPÖCK et al. (1980) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1991) DIRIMANOV & DIMITROV DIRIMANOV & DIMITROV BABRIKOVA (1979b) BABRIKOVA (1979a) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1990) DIRIMANOV & DIMITROV POPOV (1991) POPOV (1990) POPOV (1991) DIRIMANOV & DIMITROV BABRIKOVA (1980) POPOV (1991) ZELENÝ (1971)
ZELENÝ (1971)
ASPÖCK ASPÖCK ASPÖCK ASPÖCK ASPÖCK
4
Sources
Ch. chrysopa L.
Raphidia nigricollis
(1973, 1974) Ch. septempunctata Wesm. Ch. septempunctata Wesmael, 1841 Mallada flavifrons Mallada flavifrons (1974) Chrysopa prasina Chrysopa prasina Mallada zelleri Chrysopa albolineata
(1973) (1974)
5
Published as
Raphidia pilicollis Raphidia major
Table 1 Species of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes and their localities
Raphidoptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera 373
Dilaridae
Conwentzia pineticola Enderlein, 1905 Semidalis aleyrodiformis (Stephens, 1836)
Coniopteryx esbenpeterseni Tjeder, 1930 Coniopteryx lentiae Aspöck et Aspöck, 1964
Coniopteryx arcuata Kis, 1965
Coniopteryx drammonti Rousset, 1964
Coniopteryx borealis Tjeder, 1930 Coniopteryx pygmaea Enderlein, 1906
Coniopterygidae Aleuropteryx umbrata Zelený, 1964 Helicoconis pseudolutea Ohm, 1965
Wesmaelius malladai (Navás, 1925) Wesmaelius mortoni (McLachlan, 1899) Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur, 1842)
Hemerobiidae Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus, 1758 Hemerobius stigma Stephens, 1836 Hemerobius nitidulus Fabricius, 1777 Hemerobius handschini Tjeder, 1957
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) s.l.
1
Pinus nigra
Pinus nigra Pinus nigra Pinus nigra Juniperus communis
Nicotiana tabacum
3
GR: Evros District BG: Avren Quercus BG: Dabovets Quercus BG: Krumovgrad Pyrus BG: Zlatograd, Fotinovo, Domishte, Pinus nigra Krumovgrad, Golyamo Kamenyane, Padalo BG: Harmanli Pinus nigra BG: Domishte, Golyamo Kamenyane, Pinus nigra Padalo, Svirachi BG: Krumovgrad Pinus nigra BG: Haskovo Quercus BG: Krumovgrad Pinus nigra BG: Gugutka Carpinus orientalis BG: Kozlets Quercus BG: Fotinovo Pinus nigra BG: Zlatograd, Krumovgrad, Avren, Quercus, Carpinus, Pyrus Dabovets, Kobilino, Ivaylovgrad BG: Haskovo Quercus
BG: Ardino BG: Fotinovo, Padalo BG: Fotinovo, Padalo BG: Fotinovo, Svirachi BG: Domishte BG: Ardino BG: Padalo BG: Krumovgrad BG: Mandritsa
BG: Krumovgrad
BG: Momchilgrad
2
5
(1983) (1986b) (1983) (1983) (1986b) (1983) (1983) POPOV (1986b)
POPOV POPOV POPOV POPOV POPOV POPOV POPOV
POPOV (1986b, 1993) POPOV (1983)
ASPÖCK et al. (1980) POPOV (1983) POPOV (1986b) POPOV (1983) POPOV (1983)
ZELENÝ (1971) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1991) POPOV (1991) ZELENÝ (1971) POPOV (1991) ZELENÝ (1971) POPOV (1986a)
C. parthenia (Navas et Marcet, 1910)
C. parthenia (Navas et Marcet, 1910)
Boriomyia malladai
H. humuli Linné, 1758
ZELENÝ (1971), DIRIMANOV & Chrysopa carnea DIMITROV (1973, 1974), DIMITROV (1976) ZELENÝ (1971) Chrysopa carnea
4
374 A. POPOV
Ascalaphidae Libelloides lacteus (Brullé, 1832)
Megistopus flavicornis (Rossi, 1790) Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845)
Creoleon plumbeus (Olivier, 1811)
Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798)
Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan, 1898)
Cueta lineosa (Rambur, 1842) Cueta beieri Hölzel, 1969 Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 Macronemurus bilineatus Brauer, 1868
Acanthaclisis occitanica (Villers, 1789) Myrmecaelurus trigrammus (Pallas, 1771)
Myrmeleontidae Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nemopteridae Nemoptera sinuata Olivier, 1811
Dilar turcicus Hagen, 1858
1
BG: Studen Kladenets Village, Avren, Arda Chalet GR: Potamos (correct: Ayios Theodhoros Monastery)
BG: Chorbadjiysko, Ivaylovgrad, Mandritsa GR: Lagos, Fener BG: Mandritsa BG: Kardjali, Avren, Svirachi GR: Makri GR: Alexandroupolis, Souflion GR: Evros District GR: Evros District BG: Mandritsa BG: Popsko GR: Lagos, Potamos, Alexandroupolis GR: Sarlar, Potamos GR: Alexandroupolis (correct: Potamos) BG: Harmanli BG: Popsko BG: Svirachi GR: Sarlar, Potamos, Alexandroupolis BG: Momchilgrad BG: Ivaylovgrad
BG: Byal Kladenets, Madjarovo, Ivaylovgrad Dam Lake, Kamilski Dol BG: Harmanli GR: Potamos GR: Souflion GR: Souflion
GR: two localities in Evros District
2
3
TÁBORSKÝ (1936)
POPOV (2004)
POPOV (1996) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) POPOV (1996) POPOV (1996) WERNER (1938) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) ASPÖCK et al. (1980) ASPÖCK et al. (1980) POPOV (1996) POPOV (1996) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) BURESCH (1936) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) POPOV (1996) POPOV (1996) DIMITROWA (1924, 1925) ZELENÝ (1971) Quercus
POPOV (1971) BURESCH (1936), POPOV (1971) KOMÁREK (1941) POPOV (1971)
ZAHAROV (1968), POPOV (1971)
ASPÖCK et al. (1980)
4
Ascalaphus ottomanus ottomanus Germar f. typica
POPOV (1996)
Nelees helenicus Nav. Nelees imbecillus Stein Formicaleo tetragrammicus
N. coa
5
Raphidoptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera 375
MECOPTERA Panorpidae Panorpa communis Linnaeus, 1758
Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli, 1763)
1
BG: Ardino
GR: Ayios Theodhoros Monastery GR: Alexandroupolis (correct: Ayios Theodhoros Monastery) GR: Rodhopi District GR: Essimi BG: Studen Kladenets Village GR: Evros District
2
3
L. ottomanus (Germar)
ASPÖCK et al. (1980) POPOV (2004) POPOV (2004) POPOV (2004)
ZELENÝ (1971)
Ascalaphus ottomanus Germ. Ascalaphus ottomanus Germ.
5
BURESCH (1936) BURESCH (1939)
4
376 A. POPOV
Raphidoptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera
377
References ASPÖCK H. 1979. The Raphidioptera of continental Greece: a chorological analysis. – Biol. Gallo-Hellenica, 8: 243-263. ASPÖCK H., ASPÖCK U. 1976. Die Auflösung des Raphidia notata-Komplexes (Neur., Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae). – Zeitschr. Arbeitsgem. Österr. Ent., 27 [1975] (3-4): 57-70. ASPÖCK H., ASPÖCK U., HÖLZEL H. 1980. Die Neuropteren Europas. II. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 355 pp. ASPÖCK H., ASPÖCK U., RAUSCH H. 1974. Das Subgenus Venustoraphidia Asp. et Asp. (Neur., Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Raphidia L.). – Zeitschr. Arbeitsgem. Österr. Ent., 25 [1973] (3-4): 101-111. ASPÖCK H., ASPÖCK U., RAUSCH H. 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. II. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 550 pp. BABRIKOVA T. 1979a. On some bioecological peculiarities of Chrysopa formosa Br., Chrysopidae: Neuroptera. – Plant Science, 15 [1978] (5): 114-119. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). BABRIKOVA T. 1979b. Study of the biology of Chrysopa perla L. (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera). – Plant Science, 16 (4): 95-100. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). BABRIKOVA T. 1980. Bioecological studies on green deer fly (Chrysopa prasina Burm.). – Horticultural and Viticultural Science, 16 [1979] (4): 12-18. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). BURESCH I. 1936. Beitrag zum Studium der Neuropterenfauna Bulgariens (Insecta, Neuroptera). – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 9: 135-150. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I. 1939. Referate u. Mitteilungen. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 10 [1938]: 140-156. (In Bulgarian). DIMITROV A. 1976. About the control of Thrips tabaci. – Plant Protection, Sofia, 24 (11): 34-37. (In Bulgarian). DIMITROWA A. 1924. Myrmeleonidae (Neuroptera, Insecta) von Bulgarien, Thrazien und Mazedonien. – Trav. Soc. bulg. sci. natur., 11: 68-112. (In Bulgarian). DIMITROWA A. 1925. Ergebnis einer Untersuchung der Myrmeleoniden Bulgariens, Thraziens und Mazedoniens. – Sitzungsber. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde, Berlin, 1923 (1-10): 136-140. DIRIMANOV M., DIMITROV A. 1973. The role of useful entomofauna in the control of Thrips tabaci and Myzodes persicae. – Plant Protection, Sofia, 21 (9): 23-26. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). DIRIMANOV M., DIMITROV A. 1974. Possibilities for use of some biological agents in the control of Thrips tabaci and Myzodes persicae. – In: Biological and integrated control in the plant protection (Materials of a scientific session). National Centre for Scientific and Technical Information on Agriculture, Food Industry and Forestry at the Agricultural Academy “G. Dimitrov”, Sofia, 154-160. (In Bulgarian). GEORGIEV M. 1985. Physical geography of Bulgaria. Second edition. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 408 pp. (In Bulgarian). KOMÁREK J. 1941. Neznámá Makedonie. II. vydání. Nakl. Pražské akciové tiskárny, Praha, 303 pp. NIKOLOV V., JORDANOVA M. 2002. The mountains in Bulgaria. Second revised and supplemented edition. Prof. M. Drinov Acad. Publ. House, Sofia, 226 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). POPOV A. 1971. Verbreitung der europäischen Nemopteriden-Arten (Neuroptera). – Bull. Inst. zool. mus., Sofia, 32 [1970]: 5-31. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ. Russ.). POPOV A. 1983. A contribution to the studies on family Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 23: 62-66. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl. Russ.). POPOV A. 1986a. Hemerobiiden aus Bulgarien (Neuroptera). – Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 62 (2): 323-331. POPOV A. 1986b. Coniopterygiden aus Bulgarien (Neuroptera). – Ent. Nachr. Berichte, Dresden, 30 (4): 167-171. POPOV A. 1990. Zur Verbreitung der Chrysopiden (Neuroptera) in Bulgarien. – Acta zool. bulg., 39: 47-52. POPOV A. 1991. Baum- und strauchbewohnende Neuropteren in Bulgarien. – Acta zool. bulg., 41: 26-36. POPOV A. 1993. Verbreitung und Autökologie von Coniopteryx parthenia (Nav. et Marc.) in Bulgarien (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae). – In: Second National Scientific Conference of Entomology, 25-27 October, 1993, Sofia. Union Sci. Bulg., Bulg. Soc. Ent., Sofia, 114-118. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). POPOV A. 1996. Zur Verbreitung der Myrmeleontiden in Bulgarien (Neuroptera). – Hist. nat. bulg., 6: 37-47. POPOV A. 2004. The Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera) of the Balkan Peninsula. – Denisia, 13: 229-237. TÁBORSKÝ K. 1936. Monographische Bearbeitung der Art Ascalaphus ottomanus Germar. — Sborn. ent. odd. Nár. Musea v Praze, 14 (128): 133-144. WERNER F. 1938. Ergebnisse der achten zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Griechenland (Euboea, Tinos, Skiathos, Thasos usw.). – Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Mathem.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1, 147 (5-10): 151-173. ZAHAROV V. 1968. New finds of Nemoptera sinuata in the Rhodope Mountains. – Priroda, Sofia, 17 (5): 80. (In Bulgarian). ZELENÝ J. 1971. Neuroptera, Megaloptera und Mecoptera aus Bulgarien. – Acta faun. ent. Mus. Nation. Pragae, 14 (166): 153-163.
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Author’s address: Dr. Alexi Popov National Museum of Natural History Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Списък на Raphidioptera, Neuroptera и Mecoptera, публикувани от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Алекси ПОПОВ (Р е з ю м е) Досега 52 вида от надразред Neuropterida и разред Mecoptera са публикувани от Източните Родопи. По разреди те се разпределят по следния начин: Raphidioptera – 4 вида, Neuroptera – 47 вида, Mecoptera – 1 вид. От българската част на района са известни 42 вида, а от гръцката част – 17 вида. Установените в българската част на планината видове Neuroptera представляват 36% от познатите видове в страната. Степента на проученост на района е средна и може да се предполага, че броят на публикуваните видове е около 70% от реалния им брой. Медитерански тип на разпространение имат 18 вида или 38% (стационарните медитерански видове). Медитерански произход имат 30 вида или 64% (стационарните и експанзивните холомедитерански и понтомедитерански видове). Единственият балкански ендемит е Phaeostigma pilicollis (Raphidiidae). Глациални реликти са два вида Wesmaelius (Hemerobiidae). Редки видове са мравколъвите Acanthaclisis occitanica и Gymnocnemia variegata в българската част и два вида Cueta в гръцката част на района.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
379
Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Аdephagous and some staphyliniform beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Borislav GUÉORGUIEV
Guéorguiev B. 2004. Аdephagous and some staphyliniform beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 379-411. Abstract. The study reports 199 beetle species from the families Carabidae, Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Leiodidae, Silphidae, and Helophoridae. A total of 192 taxa is cited with exact localities, 182 from the Bulgarian (31 are new for the region, for other 27 species new localities are added), and 25 from the Greek part (for 19 of them are added new localities) of the Eastern Rhodopes. The species Dromius angustus Brullé, Anemadus graecus (Kraatz) and Bureschiana thracica Giachino are new for Bulgaria. Seven species, incorrectly published for the Bulgarian part or whose occurrence there seems impossible, are marked. Out of that, 4 beetles are determined to sp. or to species group, as two of them represent new taxa. A supplement to the description of Bureschiana thracica is done. On the basis of the ranges of carabid-species their chorotypes are fixed. The 31 species of conservation importance are determined. Key words: Coleoptera, review, new data, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece
Introduction Both parts of the Eastern Rhodopes, the Bulgarian and the Greek, have not been subject to an overall review in respect to the beetle family-taxa considered here. The first concrete faunal data were published by JOAKIMOV (1904), NEDELKOV (1905, 1909), and RAMBOUSEK (1912). All their data refer to the north peripheral Bulgarian part of the area. So far, faunal records for the mountain could be found in at least 41 publications. The most part of these sources were published after 1960, as all data are more or less fragmentary and are not specially devoted to the mountain. Most faunal information for Carabidae can be found in HIEKE & WRASE (1988), for 49 species, in GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а), for 23, and in GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995b), for 19, as in the latter two papers most data are repeated. Respectively, most faunal data for Hydradephaga (9 spp.) can be found in GUÉORGUIEV (1964). It seems that papers on such interesting, but hidden living, small sized, and taxonomically complex beetles like Leiodidae appeared only in 1963. The presence of several beetles recently described from
380
B. GUÉORGUIEV
the Eastern Rhodopes (Bureschiana drenskii, Maroniella beroni) or from some neighboring regions (Bureschiana thracica, Ophonus gabrieleae, Ilybius jaechi) shows the insufficient level of the studies on the local beetle fauna.
Material and methods The research is based first of all on data from the literature on the adephagous (Carabidae, Haliplidae, Dytiscidae) and some staphyliniform (Leiodidae, Silphidae, Helophoridae) beetles from the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Though not numerous, data on Carabidae, Dytiscidae, and Leiodidae from the Greek part are also cited. Although the author has not visited the region, his knowledge is included, based on identification of material of other collectors. This material includes carabid- and leiodidspecimens from the two (Bulgarian and Greek) parts of the mountain and it is preserved in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS). Several Bulgarian zoologists visited more or less intensively the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes during the last two decades of 20th century. Almost all of the material from the Greek territory was collected in the Evros (= Hévros) Province. A single species was caught in the Komotini Province. In the text the data on Greece come next to the Bulgarian localities. After the faunal data the type of species chorotype and short remarks follow. A few specimens are determined only in terms of species or species group. They will be part of future papers or later studies. The chorology is based on the recent ranges of the species and subspecies, as the different kinds of chorotypes are based on VIGNA TAGLIANTI et al. (1993), as well as on the author’s own view. Abbreviations used in the text: ** - species new for Bulgaria; * - species new for the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes; § - species incorrectly cited for the fauna of the region and excluded from the list; ! - species insufficiently studied and which requires further taxonomic work; BG – Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes; GR - Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes; s. - specimen/s; obs. – observed; chorotypes (in alphabetical order): AG - Aegean; AMED - Afrotropical-Mediterranean; AT – Anatolian; B - Balkan endemic; BS - Balkan subendemic; BT - Balkan-Turanian; CB - Carpathian-Balkan; CE - Centraleuropean; E - European; EB - Eastbalkan endemic; EBNWA - Eastbalkan-Northwestanatolian subendemic; EBWA - Eastbalkan-Westanatolian; EBWT - Eastbalkan-Westturanian; ECA - European-Centralasian; EMED - Eastmediterranean; ENT - European-Northturanian; ES - European-Siberian; ET - European-Turanian; EUMED - European-Mediterranean; EWS - European-Westsiberian; EWT - European-Westturanian; H - Holarctic; HMED - Holomediterranean; IMED - Indian-Mediterranean; L - Local endemic; MEDT - Mediterranean-Turanian; NMED - Northmediterranean; POR – Palaearctic-Oriental; R - Rhodopean; SBWT – Southbalkan-Westturanian; SE - Southeuropean; SEC - Southeasteuropean-Caucasian; SEE - Southeasteuropean; SEET - Southeasteuropean-Turanian; SEEWT Southeasteuropean-Westturanian; SEMO - Southeuropean Mountain; SET - Southeuropean-Turanian; SEWT - Southeuropean-Westturanian; TP - Transpalaearctic; WA - Westanatolian; WP - Westpalaearctic; WPNA - Westpalaearctic-Northafrotropical; WPO - Westpontian; WT - Westturanian.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
381
List of taxa CARABIDAE * Leistus (Pogonophorus) rufomarginatus Duftschmid, 1812 BG: Strazhets - Gugutka, 23.4.1995, 1 s., B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. E. Leistus (Pogonophorus) spinibarbis rufipes Chaudoir, 1843 BG: Ardino, 1200 m (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 21); Zlatograd, July (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 50, sub L. spinibarbis Fabricius); new data: Meden Buk - Zhalti Chal, 25.4.1995, 1 s., B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. SEE. Nebria (Nebria) brevicollis (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Kardjali, May; Momchilgrad, May (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 55; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 78); new data: Haskovo area, 14.5.1938, 1 †, 1 ‡, I. Julius leg.; Avren - Strazhata, 22.4.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov leg.; Meden Buk - Zhalti Chal, 25.4.1995, 4 s., B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. E. Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1779) GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 4 s. E. * Notiophilus rufipes Curtis, 1829 BG: Krumovgrad, 29.5.1990, 1 s., V. Sakalian leg., D. Wrase det.; Strazhets - Gugutka, 23.4.1995, 1 s., B. Petrov & B. Barov leg. E. Calomera fischeri fischeri (M.F. Adams, 1817) BG: Podkova, April (ANGELOV, 1965: 130, sub Cicindela f.). SBWT. Cephalota (Cephalota) turcica (Schaum, 1859) BG: Minzuhar (= Kalfalyar), July (КАNTARDJIEVA, 1928: 108, sub Cicindela t.). AG. Rare beetle known from a single locality in Bulgaria. According to CASSOLA (1999: 256, sub Cicindela t.) it is “basically a peri-Aegean species that has apparently a restricted relict distribution”. Furhter, “the species’ occurrence in present-day Bulgaria still appears to be questionable and it needs to be confirmed, as turcica is known to occur in sandy, saline, coastal habitats only” (op. cit.). The group “Cephalota (Cephalota)”, except for the taxon here reported, includes two other localized species, e.g. hispanica Gory from the south of Iberian Peninsula and luctuosa Dejean from Morocco. Therefore, the three species seem to be older Eumediterranean relicts. Thus, turcica could be classified as an actual preglacial relict in the regional fauna. I studied the only male specimen preserved in the collections of NMNHS and ascertained that it is genuine turcica, determined firstly by W. Horn (КАNTARDJIEVA, 1928). Further material from the region is necessary to confirm the presence of a stable population in the country. Cicindela (Cicindela) campestris palustris Motschulsky, 1840 BG: Stambolovo, May; Haskovo (KANTARDJIEVA, 1928:104, sub Cicindela campestris var. palustris); Belite Brezi Hut, Zlatograd, Momchilgrad and Podkova, April-August
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(ANGELOV, 1965: 130). EBNWA. Probably the local population of this species belongs to the distinct subspecies palustris (cfr. CASSOLA, 1999: 236). Confirmation of this assertion is desirable. Cicindela (Cicindela) monticola albanica Apfelbeck, 1909 BG: Harmanli, April-August (ANGELOV, 1965: 130, sub C. hybrida Linnaeus); Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, and Podkova, April-July (ANGELOV, 1965:130, sub C. hybrida riparia Dejean, 1822). B. Calosoma (Calosoma) inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6); new data: Studen Kladenets Dam, S. Beshkov obs.; Odrintsi, 27.4.1995, 1 †, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. E. Protected species in Bulgaria. Calosoma (Calosoma) sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Haskovo, May (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 64); new data: Haskovo area, 14.5.1938, 1 †, I. Julius leg.; Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 ‡, P. Drenski leg. TP. Protected species in Bulgaria. Calosoma (Campalita) auropunctatum auropunctatum (Herbst, 1784) BG: Haskovo, May (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 65). E. Carabus (Archicarabus) montivagus montivagus Palliardi, 1825 (= ponticus Apfelbeck, 1904, nec Deyrolle, 1869; = bulgaricus Csiki, 1927) BG: Mandritsa, April; Odrintsi, 100 m, November; Shiroko Pole, March; Momina Skala Hut, April (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 45, sub C. montivagus bulgaricus; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 78, sub C. montivagus bulgaricus); new data: Haskovo area, 14.5.1938, 1 †, I. Julius leg.; Odrintsi, 27.4.1995, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg.; Momchilgrad, 300-400 m, 15-18.8.1995, 1 ‡, P. Stoev leg.; Momina Skala Hut, 13.5.1996, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. GR: Shilo Mount near Essimi, 800 m (BLUMENTHAL, 1976: 118, sub C. montivagus bulgaricus); new data: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 5 s. SEE. Carabus (Archicarabus) nemoralis nemoralis O. Müller, 1764 BG: Haskovo, May (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 99, note 1). E. This taxon requires further confirmation for the Bulgarian fauna. Carabus (Archicarabus) wiedemanni wiedemanni Ménétriés, 1836 (= burgassiensis Apfelbeck, 1904) BG: Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 19). GR: Shilo Mount near Essimi, 800 m (BLUMENTHAL, 1976:118, sub C. wiedemanni burgassiensis). EBNWA. Carabus (Carabus) granulatus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758 (= rubripes Géhin, 1876, nec Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6, sub C. granulatus var. rubripes). E.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
383
* Carabus (Chaetocarabus) intricatus intricatus Linnaeus, 1761 (= subrhodopensis Blumenthal, 1976) BG: Odrintsi near Ivaylovgrad, 18.5.1996, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, D. Vassilev leg. GR: Shilo Mount near Essimi, 800 m (loc. typ.) (BLUMENTHAL, 1976: 117, sub C. intricatus subrhodopensis). E. * Carabus (Megodontus) violaceus azurescens Dejean, 1826 BG: Byal Izvor, 450 m, 5.8.1999, 1 ‡, B. Pertov leg. B. Carabus (Pachystus) graecus morio Mannerheim, 1830 (= cavernicola Kraatz, 1880) BG: Mineralni Bani, May; Spahievo (= Siipetli), V (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6, sub C. cavernicollis sic!); Kardjali; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 15); new data: Byal Kladenets, 10.10.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov, P. Stoev leg.; Plovka near Kirkovo, 12.10.1995, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, P. Stoev leg.; Podkova, 12.10.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov, P. Stoev leg.; Gorno Pole near Madjarovo, 20.4.1996, 1 †, B. Petrov leg.; Momina Skala Hut, 13.5.1996, 1 †, B. Petrov leg. GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 5 s. EMED. Carabus (Procerus) scabrosus scabrosus Olivier, 1790 BG: Haskovo (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66; BREUNING, 1935: 1325); Chernyovtsi (= Kara Musalar) near Kardjali, June (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66); Chamluka Reserve (CHRISTOVA & DIMITROVA, 1986: 9, 12); new data: Studen Kladenets Dam, S. Beshkov obs.; Potochnitsa, S. Beshkov obs.; Dyadovtsi, B. Petrov obs. EBNWA. Protected species in Bulgaria. Undoubtedly the announcement of Carabus (Procerus) gigas (Creutzer, 1799) s.l. for the area of Kardjali (VASSILEVA & GULUBOVA, 1994: 66, sub Procerus gigas) is wrong. C. gigas does not live east of the Mesta River, and hence the record of the last authors is referred to C. scabrosis scabrosus. Carabus (Procerus) scabrosus sommeri Mannerheim, 1844 BG: Chernyovtsi (= Kara Musalar) near Kardjali, June (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 66, sub P. scabrosus Olivier). AT. Protected species in Bulgaria. The main part of the Balkan population of this taxon is concentrated in the Western Rhodopes. The issue of the zone of hybridization of this and the preceding subspecies, which pass across the studied territory, is interesting. Carabus (Procrustes) coriaceus cerisyi Dejean, 1826 (= semipunctatus Géhin, 1885, nec Donovan, 1806; = storkani Mařan, 1952) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 6, sub Procrustes semipunctatus); Haskovo, V (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 96, sub Carabus coriaceus caraboides Waltl, 1838); Momchilgrad, April-May (ANGELOV, 1965: 131; HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 14); new data: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 †, 1 ‡, P. Drenski leg.; Plovka near Kirkovo, 12.10.1995, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, P. Stoev leg.; Gorno Lukovo, 200 m, 24.4.1996, 3 ‡‡, B. Petrov leg.; Tyutyunche near Momchilgrad, 27.4.1996, 1 †, B. Petrov leg. GR: Shilo Mount (BLUMENTHAL, 1976: 116, sub C. coriaceus storkani); new data: Evros Province, Essimi, 17.5.1987, 1 s., P. Beron leg.; Dadya National Park, 5 s. SEE.
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Carabus (Tomocarabus) convexus gracilior Géhin, 1885 BG: Momina Skala Hut, April (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 47; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 78). BS. Carabus (Trachycarabus) scabriusculus bulgarus Lapouge, 1908 BG: Haskovo, May (BURESCH & KANTARDJIEVA, 1928: 96); Yavorovo, May (ANGELOV, 1965: 132); Haskovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 18). BS. *Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus Hopffgarten, 1881 BG: Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik Mount, Kirkovo Ditrict, near Kremen Village, 250 m, 23.10.2003, 1 †, P. Beron leg. EB. Omophron (Omophron) limbatum (Fabricius, 1777) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 5). WP. Aptinus (Aptinus) bombarda (Illiger, 1800) BG: Mechkovets Mount (HŮRKA, 1988: 291). CB. Brachinus (Brachynus) crepitans (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). TP. § Brachinus (Brachynus) elegans Chaudoir, 1842 (= ganglbaueri Apfelbeck, 1904) BG: Citing RAMBOUSEK (1912: 102, sub ganglbaueri Apfelbeck), GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 238, sub ganglbaueri Apfelbeck), reported this species from Rani List (former Ashiklari – a village often wrongly given as Ishiklar; cfr. MICHEV & KOLEDAROV, 1989: 229). However, this locality is situated in NE Bulgaria. Brachinus (Brachynidius) explodens Duftschmid, 1812 BG: Knizhovnik, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 241); Momchilgrad, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 241; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84); new data: between Madjarovo and Borislavtsi, 2.5.2003, 2 s., S. Beshkov, V. Gashtarov & B. Petov leg. TP. § Clivina (Clivina) fossor fossor (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 64), on the basis of the name “Ishiklar” from an old label, cited this species from Rani List (former Ashiklari, site often wrongly given as Ishiklar; cfr. MICHEV & KOLEDAROV, 1989: 229). Actually, Ishiklar is today’s vil. Samouil (Razgrad District). Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) agnatus Motschulsky, 1844 BG: Momchilgrad, May (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 62). EWT. Apotomus rufus (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Arda Hut, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 62). HMED. Rare species known from two localities in Bulgaria.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
385
Asaphidion caraboides balcanicus Netolitzky, 1918 BG: Momchilgrad, May (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 64). B. Bembidion (Bembidionetolitzkya) concoeruleum Netolitzky, 1943 BG: Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 47, sub B. coeruleum astrabadense Mannerheim, 1844). SEEWT. Bembidion (Emphanes) azurescens azurescens Dalla Torre, 1877 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 58). E. Bembidion (Euperyphus) testaceum testaceum (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 50). E. * Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Olivier, 1795) BG: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 †, P. Drenski leg. TP. Bembidion (Ocydromus) decorum decorum (Panzer, 1799) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988:49; MÜLLER-MOTZFELD, 1986: 154). E. Bembidion (Ocydromus) siculum smyrnense Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 49; MÜLLER-MOTZFELD, 1986: 170). EMED. Bembidion (Ocyturanes) praeustum praeustum Dejean, 1831 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 52). NMED. Bembidion (Peryphanes) brunnicorne brunnicorne Dejean, 1831 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 54). E. Bembidion (Peryphanes) castaneipenne Jacquelin du Val, 1852 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 54). EMED. Bembidion (Peryphus) cruciatum bualei Jacquelin du Val, 1852 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 51, sub Bembidion andreae bualei). E. Bembidion (Peryphus) femoratum femoratum Sturm, 1825 BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub Bembidion andreae var. femoratum); Harmanli; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 51). EWS. Bembidion (Peryphus) subcostatum javurkovae Fassati, 1944 BG: Momchilgrad; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 52). BS. This subspecies was recorded as a strict Balkan endemic (GUÉORGUIEV, 1993), but actually it is Balkan subendemic. Bembidion (Princidium) punctulatum punctulatum Drapiez, 1820 BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (Joakimov, 1904: 10); Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 45). EUMED.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Bembidion (Testedium) bipunctatum nivale Heer, 1837 BG: Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 45). SEMO. Glacial relict, whose presence in the region is a surprise. Tachyurs (Tachyura) diabrachys (Kolenati, 1845) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 65, sub Tachys diabrachys bisbimaculatus Chevrolat, 1860). EUMED. Perileptus (Perileptus) areolatus areolatus (Creutzer, 1799) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 34). WP. ! Duvalius (Paraduvalius) sp. BG: Dolno Cherkovishte, Zandana Cave, 21.4.1996, 3 ††, 1 ‡, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; 8.2.1998, 2 ‡‡, B. Petrov leg.; 11.4.2000, 1 ‡, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg.; Hasarskata Peshtera Cave near Gorna Snezhinka, 3.8.1999, 1 ‡, under stones in clay and guano, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg.; Podkova, 12.10.1995, 1 ‡, oak forest, leaf litter Quercus spp., B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. This is a distinctly new for the science species, whose description will be subject to a future paper. * Trechus (Trechus) austriacus Dejean, 1831 BG: Dupkata Cave near Ivaylovgrad, 27.4.1995, 2 s., B. Petrov leg.; same cave, 23.4.1999, 2 ††, B. Petrov leg. GR: Komotini Province, Maronia Cave near Maronia, 1.10.1983, 8 s., P. Beron & S. Andreev leg., A. Casale det.; same cave, 26.9.2000, 5 s., B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg.; Evros Province, Koufovouno Cave near Koufovouno, 29.9.2000, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. EWT. Species found on the Balkans mostly in caves (troglophil). * Trechus (Trechus) ireuis Csiki, 1912 BG: between Nedelino and Izgrev, 850 m, beech litter, 13.12.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & M. Langourov leg. B. * Trechus (Trechus) crucifer Piochard de la Brûlérie, 1876 BG: Zandana Cave near Dolno Cherkovishte, 21.4.1996, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; artificial gallery (55 m long) between Lozen and Cherna Mogila, 12.4.1998, 1 ‡, rotten log, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; same place, 4.11.1999, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg.; place “Ilieva niva” near Glumovo, 600 m, oak litter, 6.11.1999, 2 ††, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg.; Egrek, 500 m, oak litter, 7.11.1999, 1 †, 5 ‡‡, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg.; between Nedelino and Izgrev, 850 m, beech litter, 13.12.2000, 1 †, 2 ‡‡, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & M. Langourov leg.; Madjarovo, stone quarry near Arda River, 180 m, oak litter, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. EMED. This is the most abundant species of the genus in the mountain. Usually it can be found in the region below the beech belt. Trechus (Trechus) quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) BG: Karangil Cave near Shiroko Pole, April (BERON, 1994: 45); new data: north slopes of Sheynovets Hill above Mezek, 500 m, leaf litter of Carpinus-Acer-Fagus, 12.4.1998,
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
387
3 ††, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; Madjarovo, stone quarry near Arda River, 180 m, oak litter, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. GR: Evros Province, near Essimi, 18.5.1987, 3 s., P. Beron leg., I. Gudenzi det.; Evros Province, 11 km from Leptokaria, 920 m, 27.9.2000, 1 s., Pinetum, under log, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg.; Evros Province, Leptokaria, beech litter, 740 m, 29.9.2000, 11 s., B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg.; Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 6 s. WP. * Trechus (Trechus) subnotatus subnotatus Dejean, 1831 BG: Kran near Kukuryak, 700 m, disused mine gallery on the road to Makaza Pass, length ca. 6 m, 7.11.1999, under stone, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg. B. Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) flavipes Ménétriés, 1832 BG: Ardino (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988:1 49). BT. Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) vestitus (Paykull, 1790) BG: Momchilgrad, May-June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 215; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83); new data: between Madjarovo and Borislavtsi, 2.5.2003, 1 s., S. Beshkov, V. Gashtarov & B. Petrov leg.; Armira River near Ivaylovgrad, 4.5.2003, 5 s., S. Beshkov, V. Gashtarov & B. Petrov leg. WP. Chlaenius (Chlaenites) spoliatus spoliatus (P. Rossi, 1792) BG: Mineralni Bani, May; Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7); new data: Armira River near Ivaylovgrad, 4.5.2003, 1 s., S. Beshkov, V. Gashtarov & B. Petrov leg. WP. Chlaenius (Chlaenius) festivus festivus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). ET. Chlaenius (Dinodes) decipiens (L. Dufour, 1820) (= azureus Duftschmid, 1812 nec Fabricius, 1775) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7, C. azureus); Kardjali; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 148). HMED. Chlaenius (Trichochlaenius) aeneocephalus aeneocephalus Dejean, 1826 BG: Harmanli; Momchilgrad, May; Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 212; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83). SEET. Drypta (Drypta) dentata (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 236; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84). AMED. § Dixus clypeatus (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 209), following RAMBOUSEK (1912: 81, sub Ditomus clypeatus), reported this beetle from Rani List (ex-Ashiklari - a village wrongly cited as Ishiklar, cfr. MICHEV & KOLEDAROV, 1989: 229). However,
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RAMBOUSEK (op. cit.: 61) reported the location of this site to be in NE Bulgaria. Actually, Ishiklar is today’s Samouil (Razgrad Region). Dixus eremita (Dejean, 1825) BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 146); new data: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 s., P. Drenski leg.; Krumovgrad, 28.8.1995, 1 s., P. Stoev leg. SEET. Dixus obscurus (Dejean, 1825) BG: Mandritsa (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 145); new data: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 s., P. Drenski leg. EMED. § Dixus sphaerocephalus (Olivier, 1795) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). This Westmediterranean species has already been excluded from the list of Bulgarian fauna (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 247). Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier, 1795) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); new data: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 ‡, P. Drenski leg. SEWT. Acinopus (Acinopus) subquadratus Brullé, 1832 BG: Momchilgrad, June; (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 205; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83). B. The species’ presence in Bulgaria is debatable. Acinopus (Osimus) ammophilus Dejean, 1829 BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9); new data: Momchilgrad, 24.6.1961, 1 s., G. Peschev leg. SEWT. Daptus vittatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 BG: Zlatograd, 900 m, August (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 51). MEDT. Harpalus (Cryptophonus) melancholicus melancholicus Dejean, 1829 BG: Momchilgrad, June; (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 197; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 82). E. * Harpalus (Harpalus) affinis (Schrank, 1781) BG: Mlechino, 5-15.7.1976, 1 ‡, J. Ganev leg. TP. Harpalus (Harpalus) albanicus Reitter, 1900 GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 1 s. SE. * Harpalus (Harpalus) atratus Latreille, 1804 BG: Ustrem, 500 m, 17.8.1995, 2 ††, P. Stoev leg. GR: Evros Province, 11 km from Leptokaria, 920 m, 27.9.2000, 1 s., Pinus sp. forest, under log, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. E.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
389
* Harpalus (Harpalus) attenuatus Stephens, 1828 BG: Mlechino, 5-15.7.1976, 1 ‡, J. Ganev leg. EUMED. Harpalus (Harpalus) autumnalis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Momchilgrad, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 196; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 82). EUMED. Harpalus (Harpalus) caspius (Steven, 1806) BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 132); new data: Avren - Strazhata, 22.4.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov leg. SEE. Harpalus (Harpalus) dimidiatus (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10); Kardjali; Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 139); new data: Dolna Kula, 16.4.1998, 1 ‡, under stones in a rocky site, B. Petrov leg. EWT. Harpalus (Harpalus) distinguendus distinguendus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Kardjali, May (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 191); new data: Avren - Strazhata, 22.4.1995, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. TP. Harpalus (Harpalus) froelichi Sturm, 1818 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 129). TP. * Harpalus (Harpalus) honestus honestus (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Belite Brezi Hut, 7-13.7.1976, 1 ‡, J. Ganev leg. E. Harpalus (Harpalus) hospes hospes Sturm, 1818 BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10). ENT. Harpalus (Harpalus) luteicornis (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Zlatograd, 700 m, August (VASSILEV, 1988: 86). E. Harpalus (Harpalus) pumilus Sturm, 1818 BG: Harmanli (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 201). ET. Harpalus (Harpalus) pygmaeus Dejean, 1829 BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10). SE. * Harpalus (Harpalus) rubripes (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Mlechino, 5-15.7.1976, 1 †, 1 ‡, J. Ganev leg. TP. * Harpalus (Harpalus) rufipalpis rufipalpis Sturm, 1818 BG: 2 km NE from Madjarovo, 160 m, 1 †, Malaise trap, ecotone riverside vegetation - xetothermic forest, H. Eturska leg. EWT.
390
B. GUÉORGUIEV Harpalus (Harpalus) saxicola Dejean, 1829 BG: Momchilgrad (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 130). GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 1 s. SEE. * Harpalus (Harpalus) serripes serripes (Quensel, 1806) BG: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 ‡, P. Drenski leg. GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 1 s. WP.
Harpalus (Harpalus) subcylindricus Dejean, 1829 BG: Momchilgrad, June; (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 199; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83). ENT. Harpalus (Harpalus) sulphuripes sulphuripes Germar, 1824 BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), V (JOAKIMOV, 1904:10); Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 139). EUMED. * Harpalus (Harpalus) tardus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Haskovo area, 14.5.1938, 1 ‡, I. Julius leg. EWT. ! Harpalus (Harpalus) sp. ex. gr. “distinguendus” BG: Gyurgen-Dere Valley near Madjarovo, 9.2.1998, 1 †, 1 ‡, leaf litter, B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov leg. Both specimens appear to be closest to angulatus Putzeys, 1877 s.l., but at the same time, they possess several external characters, which differentiate them from it. Harpalus (Pseudophonus) rufipes (De Geer, 1774) (= ruficornis Fabricius, 1775) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 10, sub Harpalus ruficornis). TP. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) azureus (Fabricius, 1775) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9). ECA. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) cribricollis (Dejean, 1829) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904:9); Ardino, (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 126). EWT. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) jailensis (Schauberger, 1926) GR: 25 km NW of Alexandropolis (WRASE, 1995: 346). WPO. Ophonus (Hesperophonus) subquadratus (Dejean, 1829) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 126). HMED. § Ophonus (Metophonus) brevicollis (Audinet-Serville, 1821) BG: Following RAMBOUSEK (1912: 82), GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 185, sub Ophonus rufibarbis Fabricius, 1792), reported this taxon from Rani List (formerly Ashiklari - a site often wrongly cited as Ishiklar; MICHEV & KOLEDAROV, 1989: 229). However, RAMBOUSEK (1912: 61) explained that the site was located in NE
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
391
Bulgaria. Actually, Ishiklar is today’s Samouil. Now, brevicollis is omitted from the list, moreover RAMBOUSEK (1912: 82) had united under this name two currently valid species (brevicollis and rufibarbis). Ophonus (Metophonus) gabrieleae Wrase, 1987 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 125). WPO. Ophonus (Metophonus) melleti (Heer, 1837) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 123). EWT. Ophonus (Metophonus) parallelus (Dejean, 1829) BG: Harmanli, July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 186). E. Ophonus (Metophonus) puncticeps Stephens, 1828 BG: Harmanli (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 123); new data: Ovchari near Krumovgrad, 28.8.1995, 1 ‡, P. Stoev leg. EWT. * Ophonus (Metophonus) veluchianus J. Müller, 1931 BG: new data: Ustrem, 500 m, 17.8.1995, 1 ‡, P. Stoev leg. WPO. Ophonus (Ophonus) sabulicola (Panzer, 1796) (= columbinus Germar, 1817) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9, sub Ophonus cribricollis var. columbinus). EWT. Parophonus (Parophonus) dia (Reitter, 1900) BG: Harmanli, June (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 67; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 203). WT. Although B. Kataev (personal communication) has excluded this taxon from Bulgarian fauna, the present author applies that find to P. dia. Stenolophus (Stenolophus) discophorus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 114). ET. * Stenolophus (Stenolophus) teutonus (Schrank, 1781) BG: 2 km N from Madjarovo near Arda River, 160 m, ecotone riverside vegetation, Malaise trap, 26.9.-14.10.2000, 1 ‡, H. Eturska leg. EUMED. Cymindis (Cymindis) axillaris axillaris (Fabricius, 1794) BG: Harmanli; Kardjali; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 161); new data: GyurgenDere Valley near Madjarovo, 9.2.1998, 1 s., leaf litter, B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov leg. WP. Cymindis (Cymindis) humeralis (Geoffroy, 1785) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). EUMED. Cymindis (Cymindis) lineata (Quensel, 1806) BG: Harmalni (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 234). SEET.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
**Dromius (Dromius) angustus angustus Brullé, 1834 BG: Gyumyurdzhinski Snezhnik Mount, Kirkovo Ditrict, near Kremen Village, 250 m, 23.10.2003, 1 ‡, P. Beron leg. D. angustus s.l., fifth representative of the genus Dromius Bonelli, 1810 in Bulgaria, consists of three subspecies (LÖBL & SMETANA, 2003: 420). According to the most up-to-dated catalogue of the Palaearctic Carabidae (op. cit.: 420), the area of distribution of the nominotypical form covers Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Austria, Hungary, Spain, Italy, and Asian Turkey. Besides, the species has been cited for Switzerland (MARGGI, 1992: 397), the Ukrainian Carpathians and Transcarpathia (KRYZHANOVSKIJ et al., 1995: 163), Slovakia (HŮRKA, 1996) and Slovenia (DROVENIK & PEKS, 1999: 113, sub D. angustatus sic!). Externally, D. angustus could be distinguished from the other close related European species of the subgenus in its relatively long size (5.3-6.5 mm), in the presence of setiferous punctures only on the sixth elytral stria or interval, and in the absence of longitudinal grouves on frons. Of course, the shape of the median lobe (see JEANNEL, 1942: 1066, Fig. 354.d and FREUDE et al., 1976: 275, Aed. 79: 6) remain the surest diagnostic character. Probably the lack of finds of the species from the Balkan Peninsula dues to both more specific manner of life, e.g. beneath the bark of trees, and probable late autumn / winter activity in some southern areas of distribution. E. Microlestes negrita negrita (Wollaston, 1854) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 159). HMED. Paradromius (Manodromius) linearis linearis (Olivier, 1795) BG: Knizhovnik, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 227). EUMED. * Philorhizus notatus (Stephens, 1827) BG: 2 km NE from Madjarovo, 160 m, 1 s., ecotone riverside vegetation - xetothermic wood, Malaise trap, H. Eturska leg. ET. Lebia (Lebia) humeralis Dejean, 1825 BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). SEEWT. Apristus subaeneus Chaudoir, 1846 BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 161). EMED. Lionychus quadrillum (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988:160); Momchilgrad, June (ARNDT, 1989: 47; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84). E. Syntomus obscuroguttatus (Duftschmid, 1812) GR: Evros Province, Dadya Monastery, 28.9.2000, oak forest, under stones, B. Petrov, P. Stoev & S. Beshkov leg. WP.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
393
Licinus (Licinus) cassideus (Fabricius, 1792) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 219; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 83). CE. Licinus (Licinus) silphoides (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а:219; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 84). SE. * Agonum (Agonum) gisellae Csiki, 1931 BG: Kremenska Peshtera Cave near Kremen, 20.7.1996, 1 †, T. Ivanova & T. Troanski leg. EMED. § Agonum (Agonum) lugens (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV (1995а: 144), on the basis of the name “Ishiklar” from an old label, reported the species from Rani list (former Ashiklari, locality often wrongly given as Ishiklar, MICHEV & KOLEDAROV, 1989: 229). Actually, Ishiklar is today’s Samouil (NE Bulgaria). Agonum (Agonum) marginatum (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Zlatograd, 700 m, August (VASSILEV, 1988: 86). EUMED. * Agonum (Agonum) sordidum sordidum Dejean, 1828 BG: Chukovo near Momchilgrad, 16.8.1995, 8 s., under stones, P. Stoev leg. EMED. Agonum (Agonum) viduum (Panzer, 1796) BG: Maglishta (= Ardashli) (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 86). ES. * Agonum (Europhilus) antennarium (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Chukovo near Momchilgrad, 16.8.1995, 2 ‡‡, under stones, P. Stoev leg. SE. Platynus (Batenus) scrobiculatus purkynei Obenberger, 1917 BG: Kran near Kirkovo; between Nedelino and Izgrev (GUÉORGUIEV & MUILWIJK, 2001: 116). EBNWA. A rare subspecies, on the Balkans it lives only in the Rhodopes. Myas (Myas) chalybaeus (Palliardi, 1825) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 119; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 80). BS. Tertiary relict. Pedius inquinatus (Sturm, 1824) BG: Dolna Kula near Krumovgrad, May (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 66, sub Pterostichus i.). SEE. Poecilus (Poecilus) cursorius cursorius (Dejean, 1828) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 121). NMED. A rare subspecies known only from two localities in Bulgaria.
394
B. GUÉORGUIEV
Pterostichus (Adelosia) macer macer (Marsham, 1802) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 126; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 80). EWS. Pterostichus (Argutor) cursor (Dejean, 1828) BG: Arda Hut, June-July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1992: 66). SET. ! Pterostichus (Parahaptoderus) sp. GR: Evros District, Essimi, 18.5.1987, 1 †, P. Beron leg. This specimen belongs to a new, probably specifically localized, species of the complex Parahaptoderus Jeanne, 1969. * Pterostichus (Platysma) niger niger (Schaller, 1783) BG: Kardjali, 20.5.1911, 1 †, ex.-coll. D. Joakimov. WP. * Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) nigrita (Paykull, 1790) BG: Kremenska Peshtera Cave near Kremen, 20.7.1996, 1 ‡, T. Ivanova & T. Troanski leg. ES. Tapinopterus (Tapinopterus) balcanicus balcanicus Ganglbauer, 1891 BG: Momchilgrad, 900 m, May (ARNDT & HŮRKA, 1990: 204; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 80); new data: Ustrem, 500 m, 17.8.1995, 1 †, P. Stoev leg. EB. Calathus (Calathus) fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) s.l. BG: 7 km W from Harmanli (BATTONI & VERESCHAGINA, 1984: 152); Knizhovnik, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 149); Momchilgrad, June; Zlatograd, June (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 149; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 81); new data: Svetoslav - Byal Kladenets, 24.8.1995, 2 ††, 1 ‡, P. Stoev leg.; Dolna Kula, 16.4.1998, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. GR: Shilo Mount near Esimi; road Alexandropolis-Turkish border (BATTONI & VERESCHAGINA, 1984: 153); new data: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 20 s. EUMED. Calathus (Calathus) longicollis Motschulsky, 1865 WT. GR: 20 km W from Alexandropolis (BATTONI & VERESCHAGINA, 1984: 148). This is the westernmost known occurrence of the species. Calathus (Neocalathus) ambiguus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) (= fuscus Fabricius, 1792) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 8, sub C. fuscus); Kardjali; Most; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 90). ET. Calathus (Neocalathus) cinctus Motschulsky, 1850 GR: Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 5 s. WP. Calathus (Neocalathus) melanocephalus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Momchilgrad, June; (GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995а: 150; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 81); new data: Dolna Kula, 16.4.1998, 1 †, under stones in rocky areas, B. Petrov leg. TP.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
395
Laemostenus (Actenipus) plasoni plasoni (Reitter, 1885) BG: Fotinovo, Varlidolskata Peshtera Cave, June (material revised) (BERON, 1994: 47); new data: Ayna-Ini (= Ogledalnata) Cave near Ribino, 3.6.1976, 4 s., B. Nuriev leg. / 11.10.1995, 3 s., B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. / 1.5.1996, 2 s., T. Ivanova leg. / 10.2.1998, 1 m, 1 ‡, guano, B. Petrov leg.; Rupata Cave near Egrek, 500 m, 11.11.1992, 1 s., P. Beron leg. / 6.11.1999, 2 s., under stones in guano, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg.; Samara Cave near Ribino, 20.4.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov leg. / 11.10.1995, 3 s., B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. / 3.1.1997, 1 s., T. Ivanova leg.; Vodnata Peshtera Cave near Nedelino, 700 m, 12.12.2000, 1 s., guano, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & M. Langourov leg. R. Laemostenus (Pristonychus) cimmerius (Fischer von Waldheim, 1823) s.l. BG: Hasarskata Peshtera Cave near Gorna Snezhinka, 18.11.1991, 2 s., B. Petrov leg. (material re-examined); Dupkata Cave near Ivaylovgrad, 5.4.1992, 1 s., B. Petrov leg. (material re-examined) (BERON, 1994: 46, sub Laemostenus terricola punctatus; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995b: 81, sub Laemostenus terricola punctatus); new data: Mechkina Dupka Cave near Beli Dol, 22.4.1996, 5 s., B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; Manaf Koyusu Cave near Byala Polyana, 4.1.1997, 2 s., T. Ivanova leg.; Kodja-In (= Golyamata Peshtera) Cave near Byal Kladenets, 12.5.1999, 2 s. in guano, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg.; Kodja-Kaya Cave near Belopolyane, 11.6.1999, 1 s., B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; Vodnata Peshtera Cave near Kobilyane, 28.7.1999, 1 s. under stone, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; short mine gallery on the road near Rani List, 500 m, 29.8.2001, 1 s., B. Petrov leg. GR: Evros Province, Shilo Mount near Essimi, 800-1000 m, (CASALE, 1988: 809); new data: Evros Province, Koufovono Cave near Koufovono, 29.9.2000, 4 s., under stones in guano, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg.; Evros Province, Dadya National Park, 5 s. (sub Laemostenus cimmerius weiratheri G. Müller, 1931). BS. The published material was revised. All specimens belong to L. cimmerius s.l. Synuchus (Synuchus) vivalis vivalis (Illiger, 1798) BG: Zlatograd, 900 m, August (VASSILEV & NECHEVA, 1989: 50, sub S. nivalis Panzer). ES. Amara (Amara) aenea (De Geer, 1774) BG: Harmanli; Knizhovnik; Kardjali; Perperek (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 100). TP. Amara (Amara) curta Dejean, 1828 BG: Harmanli (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 98). ES. Amara (Amara) lucida (Duftschmid, 1812) BG: Haskovo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 102). WP. Amara (Amara) saphyrea Dejean, 1828 BG: Mineralni Bani (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 96). SEE. Amara (Amara) similata (Gyllenhal, 1810) BG: Harmanli (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 95). TP.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Amara (Bradytus) apricaria (Paykull, 1790) BG: Zlatograd (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 107); new data: Momchilgrad, 300-400 m, 15-18.8.1995, 1 †, P. Stoev leg. TP. Amara (Celia) municipalis bischoffi Jedlička, 1946 BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9). SEC. Amara (Zezea) ref lexicollis ref lexicollis Motschulsky, 1844 BG: Harmanli; Knizhovnik (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 95). SEC. Zabrus (Pelor) balcanicus balcanicus Heyden, 1883 BG: Harmanli (DRENSKI et al., 1951: 284); Chernichevo (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111). EB. Zabrus (Pelor) balcanicus rhodopensis Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Kardjali (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111). B. Zabrus (Pelor) orientalis Apfelbeck, 1904 BG: Kardjali (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 111; GUÉORGUIEV & GUÉORGUIEV, 1995a: 167 sub graecus subtilis Schaum, 1862). GR: Evros Province, 10 km E from Maronia, 27.9.2000, 1 ‡, Olea forest mixed with Quercus coccifera, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. WA. Probably orientalis is a distinct species (CASALE & VIGNA TAGLIANTI, 1999: 383). Zabrus (Pelor) spinipes spinipes (Fabricius, 1798) BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 9, sub Pelor blaptoides Creutzer). SEE. Zabrus (Zabrus) tenebrioides longulus Reiche & Saulcy, 1855 BG: “Rhodopes” (HIEKE & WRASE, 1988: 110); new data: Harmanli, 23.6.1939, 1 †, P. Drenski leg. SEE. Zuphium (Zuphium) olens olens (P. Rossi, 1790) BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 7). IMED. HALIPLIDAE Haliplus (Neohaliplus) lineaticollis (Marsham, 1802) BG: Nadezhden, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 6); Harmanli, Uzundjovska Reka River, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 298); Kardjali, October (GUÉORGUIEV, 1971: 179). WPNA. DYTISCIDAE Agabus (Gaurodytes) biguttatus (Olivier, 1795) (= melas Aubé, 1837) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub Agabus melas); well 8 km from Ardino, May (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965: 109). WP. Agabus (Gaurodytes) dilatatus (Brullé, 1832) BG: Podkova, October (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 83-84). HMED.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
397
Agabus (Gaurodytes) nebulosus (Forster, 1771) (= bipunctatus Fabricius, 1787) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub Agabus bipunctatus). WP. Ilybius chalconatus (Panzer, 1796) BG: Harmanli, Uzundjovska Reka River, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 301, sub Agabus chalconotus sic!). TP. Ilybius jaechi (Fery & Nilsson, 1993) GR: Echinos, April, streamlet (FERY & NILSSON, 1993: 94, sub Agabus j.). EB. This species was recently described from East Thrace (European Turkey) and later it was found on the other side of Maritsa (= Evros) River - Echinos. Therefore, its occurrence in Bulgaria has not to be surprise. Copelatus haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1787) (= agilis Fabricius, 1792) BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub Agabus agilis; GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 10). TP. Cybister (Scaphinectes) lateralimarginalis lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774) BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub C. roeseli Curtis); Haskovo (NEDELKOV, 1909: 15; RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 109; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 100). TP. Dytiscus (Macrodytes) circumcinctus Ahrens, 1811 BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11, sub D. dimidiatus); Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11; NEDELKOV, 1909: 15; RAMBOUSEK, 1912: 109; HLISNIKOVSKÝ, 1954: 100). H. Dytiscus (Macrodytes) dimidiatus Bergsträsser, 1778 BG: Biser (GUÉORGUIEV, 1960: 448). EWT. Hydaticus (Guignotites) grammicus (Germar, 1827) BG: Harmanli, Uzundjovska Reka River, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 302). TP. Hydaticus (Hydaticus) transversalis transversalis (Pontoppidian, 1763) BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 11); Biser, September (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 302). TP. Bidessus minutissimus (Germar, 1824) BG: Nadezhden, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1962: 6). EUMED. Hydroglyphus geminus (Fabricius, 1792) (= pusillus Fabricius, 1781) BG: The species is included in this list because it is one of the most common water beetles in Bulgaria (GUÉORGUIEV, 1987, sub Guignotus pusillus). GUÉORGUIEV (1964, sub Guignotus pusillus) reported it from “all places visited by me” in the Thracean Lowland and the northern border of the Eastern Rhodopes omitting their enumeration. POR.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Graptodytes f lavipes (Olivier, 1795) (= concinnus Stephens, 1835) BG: Haskovo (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965: 103, sub Graptodytes concinnus). WP. The species is recorded as already cited in the literature for Haskovo. Although the author did not find such records in the earlier papers, the beetle is included in the present list. Graptodytes sedilloti phrygius Guignot, 1942 GR: Micro Derion, August (FERY, 1994: 397). EBWT. This taxon has never been cited for Bulgaria. Having in mind the immediate proximity of Micro Derion to the Bulgarian border, its discovery in this land is a matter of time. Hydroporus pubescens Gyllenhal, 1808 (= habelmanni Wehncke, 1876) BG: Harmanli, Uzundjovska Reka River, April; Biser, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 298); Podkova, October (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 82, sub H. p. habelmanni). EUMED. Hydroporus tessellatus (Drapiez, 1819) BG: Madan, May (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965: 99). WP. Nebrioporus (Nebrioporus) suavis (Sharp, 1882) BG: Nadezhden, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 300, sub Potamonectes s.); river near Madan, July; Varbitsa River near Momchilgrad, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1965: 105, sub Potamonectes s.). EMED. Scarodytes halensis halensis (Fabricius, 1787) BG: Haskovo, marsh, September; Harmanli, brook at Ulu-Dere Valley, April; Nadezhden, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 300); Varbitsa River near Momchilgrad, July (GUÉORGUIEV, 1980: 83). WP. Hygrotus (Hygrotus) inaequalis (Fabricius, 1777) BG: Biser, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 299). TP. Laccophilus hyalinus hyalinus (DeGeer, 1774) BG: Harmanli, Uzundjovska Reka River, April (GUÉORGUIEV, 1964: 300). TP. LEIODIDAE Agathidium (Agathidium) leonhardianum Roubal, 1915 BG: Madan (ANGELINI, 1995: 402). EBWA. ** Anemadus graecus (Kraatz, 1870) BG: Maarata Cave, 10.10.1995, 1 † (genitalia examined), B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., P. M. Giachino det.; Samarskata Peshtera Cave near Ribino, 11.10.1995, P. Stoev & B. Petrov leg., 1 † (genitalia examined: Fig. 1); the bridge near Meden Buk, 230 m, 6.11.1999, 1 ‡ in Carpinus / Quercus spp. litter, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg.; place “Ilieva Niva” near Glumovo, 600 m, 6.11.1999, 2 ‡‡ in oak litter, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg. The species is collected also from the Western Rhodopes: Banyan Cave near Pletena (Satovcha area), 7.6.1999, 1 s., B. Barov & B. Petrov leg., under stone, P. M.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
399
Fig.1. Anemadus graecus (Kraatz), Samarskata Peshtera Cave near Ribino, dorsal aspect of the median lobe. Scale line = 0,3 mm. Giachino det.; Hladilnata Peshtera Cave near Lyubino, 500 m, 2.8.1999, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg., 5 †† (one † genitalia examined), 10 ‡‡. GR: Evros Province, Koufovouno Cave near Koufovouno, 29.9.2000, 2 †† (genitalia examined), B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. B. Hladilnata Peshtera Cave is the northernmost known locality within the range of the species (cfr. GIACHINO & VAILATI, 1993). This beetle inhabits the endogean and superficial subterranean environment and it is frequently found in caves (op. cit.). * Catopsimorphus (Catopsimorphus) orientalis (Aubé, 1850) BG: Samarskata Peshtera Cave near Ribino, 11.10.1995, 1 †, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. SEEWT. Nargus (Demorchus) wilkini (Spence, 1815) GR: Evros Province, Leptokaria, beech litter, 740 m, 29.9.2000, 2 ††, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. SEE. * Nargus (Nargus) badius (Sturm, 1839) s.l. BG: Varlidolskata Peshtera Cave near Fotinovo, 7.6.1982, 48 s., P. Beron leg.; Mechkina Dupka Cave near Beli dol, 15.4.1996, 1 ‡ under stone in guano, B. Petrov & B. Barov leg.; Gorata Ridge, Malko Gradishte, 600 m, oak litter, 4.11.1999, 2 ††, 1 ‡, B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & D. Vassilev leg. GR: Evros Province, Leptokaria, beech litter, 740 m, 29.9.2000, 1 †, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. SEEWT. The Bulgarian populations of the species show characters
400
B. GUÉORGUIEV
of the subspecies rotundus Karaman, 1954, a form described from Macedonia and still not recognized by most Cholevinae-taxonomists as a distinct taxon. Bureschiana drenskii V. Guéorguiev, 1963 BG: Tilki-Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa; Hasaraskata Peshtera Cave near Gorna Snezhinka (GUÉORGUIEV, 1963: 394; BERON & GUÉORGUIEV, 1967: 175, 189); new data: Tilki-Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa, 1.4.1992, 27 s. (17 in coll. NMNHS, 10 in coll. Museum Torino), B. Petrov leg., P. M. Giachino det.; same cave , 13.10.1996, 13 s. (9 in coll. NMNHS, 4 in coll. Museum Torino), B. Petrov leg., P. M. Giachino det.; Hasaraskata Peshtera Cave near Gorna Snezhinka, 3.8.1999, 1 ‡, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg.; Karangel cave near Shiroka polyna, 21.10.2003, P. Beron & B. Petrov lg. L. ! Bureschiana cf. drenskii V. Guéorguiev, 1963 BG: Zandana Cave near Dolno Cherkovishte, 21.4.1996, 3 ‡‡, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; 8.2.1998, 1 ‡, B. Petrov leg. Now it is difficult to determine, mostly for the lack of male specimens, whether the population from this cave belongs to this species or represents a different form. ** Bureschiana thracica Giachino, 1989 BG: Vodnata Peshtera Cave near Nedelino, 700 m, 31.7.1999, 21 s. (genitalia of 3 †† examined), B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg.; 12.12.2000, 49 s., B. Petrov, S. Beshkov & M. Langourov leg. L. I studied the structure of the median lobe and the shape of the parameres in the male specimens (Figs. 2-3), as well as the keel of the mesosternum (Fig. 4). It can be concluded that the population from the Vodnata Peshtera is not specifically distinct from that of the typical B. thracica (cfr. GIACHINO, 1989, Figs. 14-15, 18). Actually, there are small differences in the structure of the internal sac but these are only individual or population variations within the limits of a single species. The type locality of the species is Gerakas, north of Xanthi. As an addition to the description of thracica, here are illustrated several characters (Figs. 5-7). The ratios of the separate antennomeres are 2.3 : 2.89 : 0.98 : 0.81 : 1.09 : 1.05 : 1.9 : 1 : 1.48 : 1.4 : 3.85 (Fig. 5). The middle part at the top of female sternum VIII is somewhat sparsely pubescent compared to the sides standing apart from the midline (Fig. 7). According to Dr. P. - M. Giachino (pers. comm.) the population around Nedelino could belong to a separate subspecies, but this will be confirmed by future studies. Maroniella beroni Casale & Giachino, 1985 GR: Evros Province: Maronia Cave near Maronia (CASALE & GIACHINO, 1985: 228); new data: same cave, 26.9.2000, 8 s., B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov leg. L. SILPHIDAE Ablattaria laevigata (Fabricius, 1775) (? = laevigata gibba Brullé, 1832) BG: Ivaylovgrad, April (ANGELOV, 1965: 133 sub Ablattaria laevigara gibba). SEEWT. Dendroxena quadrimaculata (Scopoli, 1772) BG: Topolovo, May (GUÉORGUIEV & RŮŽIČKA, 2002: 94). WP.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
2
401
3
6
4
5
7
Fig. 2-7. Bureschiana thracica Giachino, Vodnata Peshtera Cave near Nedelino. Figure 2: median lobe, dorsal aspect. Figure 3: median lobe, lateral aspect. Figure 4: keel of mesosternum, †. Figure 5: right antennomere, ‡. Figure 6: pronotum, †. Figure 7: sternum VIII, ‡. Scale line = 0,2 mm (Figs. 2-3, 5, 7); = 0,3 mm (Fig. 4); = 0,5 mm (Fig. 6). Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Belite Brezi Hut, May (GUÉORGUIEV & RŮŽIČKA, 2002: 95). TP. Silpha carinata Herbst, 1783 BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 13). WP. Silpha obscura orientalis Brullé, 1832 BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 13 sub S. obscura L.); Madan; Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1965: 133 sub S. obscura L.); Haskovo; Harmanli, May (GUÉORGUIEV & RŮŽIČKA, 2002: 99). SEEWT.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Thanatophilus rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Mineralni Bani (JOAKIMOV, 1904:13); Harmanliyska Reka (Ulu-Dere) Valley near Harmanli, May (PAPAZOV, 1934: 191); Ivaylovgrad, April (ANGELOV, 1965: 132); Perperek, June (GUÉORGUIEV & RŮŽIČKA, 2002: 102). TP. Nicrophorus interruptus Stephens, 1830 (= fossor Erichson, 1837) BG: Haskovo, July (NEDELKOV, 1905: 437 sub Necrophorus fossor). WP. Nicrophorus vestigator Herschel, 1807 BG: Mineralni Bani, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 12); Leshnikovo, June; Biser, June; Harmanli, June (GUÉORGUIEV & RŮŽIČKA, 2002: 107). WP. HELOPHORIDAE Helophorus (Meghelophorus) aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (= grandis Illiger, 1798) BG: Spahievo (= Siipetli), May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 12); Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 12 sub Helophorus grandis). Helophorus (Helophorus) granularis (Linnaeus, 1761) BG: Haskovo area, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 12). § Helophorus (Helophorus) obscurus Mulsant, 1844 BG: Haskovo, May (JOAKIMOV, 1904: 12). According to Lohse (In: FREUDE et al., 1971) the determination of obscurus is impossible without studying the male genitalia. So the record of Joakimov remains doubtful.
Faunal results The list includes 199 species and subspecies from six families (Carabidae, Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Leiodidae, Silphidae, and Helophoridae) ascertained for the Eastern Rhodopes. Out of this number, four beetles are determined to species or to species group. They will be subject to future papers or later studies, as two of them undoubtedly represent new species. So far 192 beetles altogether, 182 from Bulgaria and 25 from Greece, are known with exact localities, most of them already published. The genera Cychrus, Duvalius, Stenolophus, Dromius, Philorhizus, Anemadus, Catopsimorphus, Nargus, Necrodes, and 31 species and subspecies are new to the Bulgarian part of the mountain. Dromius angustus, Anemadus graecus and Bureschiana thracica are new species to the fauna of Bulgaria. New localities for another 27 yet cited for the Eastern Rhodopes species are added. Another 7 beetles published incorrectly or whose occurrence in the region seems impossible, are properly marked in the list. For the Greek part 25 species are listed, 11 cited previously, and 19 with new localities. The 174 adephagous taxa from the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes represent more than 19 percent of these known from the country. This figure is lower in respect to the dimensions of the region and the habitat diversity, which it suggests. The approximate number of spieces of the suborder within this territory amounts to about 1/3 of those known from Bulgaria.
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
403
Chorotypes of carabids beetles from the Eastern Rhodopes The zoogeographical conclusions are made on the basis of the chorotypes of 152 ground beetles. Most numerous, over half of the regional fauna, are the species more or less widely distributed in the Western Palaearctic Region. Usually they do not cross over the line Johanson (Yenisei River - Angara River - Baikal Lake). These species are divided into two main complexes (Table 1) - Westcentralpalaearctic (28.95 % from all taxa) and European (25.66%). Most of the species from the first complex are distributed in the western part of the Circumboreal Region, part of the Turanian Superprovince (section of the Saharian-Gobian Subregion) and the proper Mediterranean Subregion (the last two subregions being shares of the Ancient Mediterranean Region, sensu KRYZHANOVSKIJ, 1983). The ground beetles from the European complex live chiefly in the western part of the Circumboreal Region. There are no representatives of this complex, which inhabits the Turanian Superprovince, but some of these species are distributed in the Mediterranean Subregion. Examples of the typical European species are Nebria brevicollis, Notiophilus rufipes, Carabus granulatus, and C. intricatus. Typical Southeasteuropean examples are Carabus montivagus montivagus and Amara saphyrea. Both the Mediterranean and the Balkan complexes include 17.76 % and 13.82 % of the local fauna, respectively. In the first group two thirds are the species with European-Mediterranean (Elaphropus diabrachys, Harpalus attenuatus, Cymindis humeralis) and Eastmediterranean (Trechus crucifer, Bembidion castaneipenne, Dixus obscurus) ranges. In the second group the most numerous chorotype is the Balkan endemic (Carabus violaceus azurescens, Trechus irenis, Zabrus balcanicus rhodopensis) and subendemics (Carabus scabriusculus bulgarus, Laemostenus cimmerius, Myas chalybaeus). Presumably the species from the Balkan complex are autochthonous in relation to the territory of the Peninsula. The ground beetles with Balkan, and those with Westpontian, Eastmediterranean, Southeasteuropean, Southeasteuropean-Westturanian, Westanatolian, and Anatolian ranges, could be gathered in a common group. The thing in common between them is the postglacial dispersal from the Pontian-Mediterranean glacial refuge (BĂNĂRESCU & BOȘCAIU, 1978) to the territories, which they inhabit today. Probably few other species out of the enumerated above categories, with a wider distribution (for example EuropeanMediterranean one), could also be included in this group. The carabids distributed more widely in the Palaearctic or predominantly occurring in its northern parts e.g. the species from the Palaearctic (Calosoma sycophanta, Amara aenea, Harpalus affinis) and EuropeanSiberian (Agonum viduum, Pterostichus nigrita) complexes, are scanty in the Eastern Rhodopes. All of them amount to 12.5 percent of the species there. I think that the cool-steady and xerophilous species of the Westcentralpalaearctic complex replace to a great extend those with Transpalaearctic and European-Siberian ranges (contrary to the situation within the close but more elevated Western Rhodopes comprising higher share of species from both latters groups). Such a structure of chorological elements seems is characteristic for a low elevated region situated in the transitional area between the Boreal and Mediterranean climatic zones (GRUEV & KUZMANOV, 1994). The Palaearctic-Palaeotropical complex includes species from tribes Dryptini and Zuphiini not represented in the other complexes. Those species are plastic tropical forms (Drypta dentata, Zuphium olens) conquered part of the Palaearctic territory.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Table 1 Zoogeographical structure of the Eastern Rhodopean ground beetles in respect to their recent ranges Complexes
Categories
I. Palaearctic-Palaeotropical
Number of species
Transpalaearctic
2 1 1 13 13
European-Siberian European-Westsiberian
6 4 2
Westpalaearctic European-Centralasian European-Turanian European-Northturanian European-Westturanian Mediterranean-Turanian Southeuropean-Turanian Southeasteuropean-Turanian Balkan-Turanian Southeuropean-Westturanian Southeasteuropean-Westturanian Southbalkan-Westturanian Westturanian Anatolian Westanatolian
44 12 1 5 2 9 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1
European Centraleuropean Southeuropean Southeuropean Mountain Southeuropean-Caucasian Southeasteuropean Carpathian-Balkan
39 21 1 4 1 2 9 1
Afrotropical-Mediterranean Indian-Mediterranean II. Transpalaearctic
III. Northpalaearctic
IV. Westcentralpalaearctic
V. European
VI. Mediterranean European-Mediterranean Holomediterranean Northmediterranean Eastmediterranean Westpontian VII. Balkan Balkan subendemic Aegean endemic Eastbalkan-Northwestanatolian subendemic Balkan endemic Eastbalkan endemic Rhodopean
27 10 4 2 8 3 21 5 1 4 7 3 1
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
405
The endemic carabids, strictly attached to the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, are 7.24 % of all species, or around two times lower than the respective number for Bulgaria. It can be explained as with the insufficien level of study of the group in the Eastern Rhodopes thus with the actual situation. The proportion of the endemic carabids is likely to increase little during further research, but could not reach one tenth of all species there. This situation is probably due to the fact that the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes represent not so powerful center of recent speciation like the Central Balkan Range, the massifs of Rila and Pirin, as well as the adjacent Western Rhodopes. Undoubtedly, however, during the Pleistocene lowering of the temperatures the region was a refuge appropriate for the survival of many warm-adapted species, presently distributed mainly in southern Palaearctics. Nowadays, some of the last species (Cephalota turcica, Calomera fischeri, Carabus scabrosus s.l., Apotomus rufus, Trechus crucifer, Agonum sordidum, Zabrus orientalis, Parophonus dia, Ophonus gabrielae, O. veluchianus, and several endemic taxa) cannot realize expansion of their ranges north of the Balkan Range (= Stara Planina). Evident preglacial relicts are five species, belonging to phyllogenetically (respectively geographically) isolated supraspecific groups. These species are Cephalota turcica (see the comments in the species’ list), Myas chalybaeus, Bureschiana drenskii, B. thracica, and Maroniella beroni. The second taxon is a remnant of the ancient Arctotertiary warm temperate forest-dwelling fauna and belongs to a genus, which is presumably from Euramerican origin (NOONAN, 1986) and whose was probably more widely distributed, at least in Europe, during the Tertiary. At present, another three species from the genus inhabit the southeastern parts of North America. Bearing in mind the relatively large inhabited territory of the genus and the sufficient populations of Myas chalybaeus, the degree of extinction of this relict seems to be the least in comparison to the other four ones. Bureschiana drenskii, B. thracica and Maroniella beroni are local endemic, descendent of the ancient local Mediterranean, e.g. Aegean, fauna. In contrast to the Myas chalybaeus, these originate from a more warm-adapted (subtropical) forest-dwelling phyletic lineage. The three species are more dependent on warmth and humidity than Myas chalybaeus. Proof of that is their present occurrence in underground limestone habitats. Bembidion bipunctatum nivale is the only glacial relict in the local fauna having a boreomountain type of distribution. It could be classified as an evident boreal (taiga) element. The spot near Momchilgrad is its lowest known locality in Bulgaria and is a surprise for the author. Probably the stenotopy of this taxon in respect of the typical boreal conditions is lesser than in other Bulgarian glacial relicts (like Nebia rufescens rufescens Sturm, 1768). Laemostenus plasoni plasoni and Zabrus balcanicus balcanicus are Bulgarian endemics; the former species is also endemic for the Rilo-Rhodopean Massif.
Beetles of conservation importance The conservation importance of the separate species is various. A species, which requires a higher than a national degree of protection is Carabus scabrosus scabrosus. The species is protected by the rather outdated national “Law on Nature Protection”, but its populations are gradually decreasing all around Bulgaria. Calosoma sycophanta is included in both conventions - ESC (Red list of vulnerable animals and plants in Europe) and
406
B. GUÉORGUIEV
CORINE (List of the protected invertebrates under the Project for protection of the habitats). The species, included in the lists of IUCN, are absent. All species listed in Table 2 represent beetles of conservation importance. As species of a world or at least European conservation importance could be noted Cephalota turcica, Platynus scrobiculatus purkynei, Bureschiana drenskii, and B. thracica. The populations of all of those species are sparse or of limited location. Significant parts of the European population of the second and the entire populations of latter two beetles are concentrated in the Eastern Rhodopes. Platynus scrobiculatus purkynei is subendemic with a disjunctive range, as its greatest known population is in the Rhodopes. The populations of Apotomus rufus, Poecilus cursorius cursorius and four water beetles are inadequately studied in Bulgaria so they are classified as rare species (Table 2). In relation to Cephalota turcica and Apotomus rufus, the region is a border territory in terms of their ranges. Also, the northernmost known population of Zabrus orientalis and Table 2 Beetles of conservation importance in the Eastern Rhodopes Taxa Cephalota turcica Cicindela monticola albanica Calosoma inquisitor inquisitor Calosoma sycophanta Carabus scabrosus scabrosus Carabus violaceus azurescens Cychrus semigranosus balcanicus Apotomus rufus Trechus cardioderus s.l. Trechus subnotatus subnotatus Asaphidion caraboides balcanicus Bembidion bipunctatum nivale Acinopus subquadratus Platynus scrobiculatus purkynei Myas chalybaeus Poecilus cursorius cursorius Pterostichus macer thessalonicus Tapinopterus balcanicus balcanicus Laemostenus plasoni plasoni Zabrus balcanicus balcanicus Zabrus balcanicus rhodopensis Zabrus orientalis Ilybius jaechi Dytiscus circumcinctus Dytiscus dimidiatus Hydaticus grammicus Bidessus minutissimus Anemadus graecus Bureschiana drenskii Bureschiana thracica Maroniella beroni
Cor
Esc
Pro
Loc
Eba
Bal
Rel
Rar
+
+
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ + +
Abbreviations: Cor – CORINE; Esc - ESC; Pro – Protected in Bulgaria; Loc – Local endemic; Eba – Eastbalkan endemic; Bal – Balkan endemic; Rel – Relict species; Rar – Rare species in Bulgaria
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
407
one of the northernmost colonies of Acinopus subquadratus (if this lives actually in Bulgaria) are also settled in the mountain. In view of the lack of a purposeful field research on Coleoptera in the Eastern Rhodopes, for the time being it is speculative to fix the places of conservation importance.
Conclusion As a whole, the known faunistic information from the Eastern Rhodopes is of casual character. Regarding the species composition of some family-group taxa in Bulgaria, as well as the two parts of the Bulgarian Rhodopes (Table 3), the beetles in the studied region could be classified as poorly investigated. More explored are the territories along the line Spahievo - Haskovo - Harmanli (e.g. the Haskovska River Valley), along the Arda River Valley from Kardjali to Ivaylovgrad, and the region around Momchilgrad. The necessity of comprehensive faunal investigations and monitoring of some species of conservation importance are recommended. Table 3 Species and subspecies number (in brackets supposed number) of the adephagous and some staphyliniform family-group taxa in Bulgaria and in the Bulgarian part of the Western and Eastern Rhodopes Families and subfamilies
Bulgaria
Western Rhodopes
Eastern Rhodopes
Carabidae Haliplidae Hygrobiidae Noteridae Dytiscidae Gyrinidae Agyrtidae Leiodidae Hydraenidae Scaphidiinae (Staphylinidae) Silphidae Spercheidae Hydrochidae Helophoridae Hydrophilidae Georissidae
766 (778-784) 14 (20-21) 1 (1) 2 (2) 114 (128-131) 10 (12-13) 1 (1-2) 88 (174-182) 36 (55-60) 8 (12-13) 23 (23-24) 1 (1) 4 (5-6) 15 (ca. 30) 54 (ca. 70) 2 (3-4)
247 (ca. 290) 5 (11-12) 0 (1) 1 (2) 34 (56-59) 4 (5-6) 0 (1) 11 (68-73) 2 (23-26) 0 (5-6) 12 (14-15) 0 (1) 0 (3-4) 1 (13-15) 2 (30-32) 0 (2-3)
152 (ca. 250) 1 (9-10) 0 (1) 0 (2) 21 (46-48) 0 (4-5) 0 (1) 8 (58-64) 0 (21-23) 0 (4-5) 8 (12-13) 0 (1) 0 (3-4) 2 (12-13) 0 (27-29) 0 (2-3)
Acknowledgements For the new material, I am grateful to Dr. S. Andreev, Mr. B. Barov, Dr. P. Beron, Dr. S. Beshkov, Dr. V. Beshkov, Mrs. H. Eturska, Mr. V. Gashtarov, Dr. T. Ivanova, Dr. M. Langourov, Dr. T. Lyubomirov, Dr. V. Sakalian, Mr. N. Simov, Mr. G. Stoyanov, Mr. T. Troanski, Mr. D. Vassilev, and especially to Mr. B. Petrov and Dr. P. Stoev, as the last two collected the major part of the beetles. I also wish to thank Dr. A. Popov (curator of the Entomology Department, NMNHS) for the work with the collections and Dr. M. Argiropolou (Aristotle University, Thessaloniki) for the beetles from the Dadya National Park. Appreciation is due to Prof. Dr. A.
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B. GUÉORGUIEV
Casale (Sassari, Italy), Dr. P.-M. Giachino (Torino, Italy), Mr. I. Gudenzi (Forlм, Italy), and Mr. D. Wrase (Berlin, Germany) for the determination of specimens of Trechus austriacus, T. quadristriatus, Notiophilus rufipes, Anemadus graecus, and Bureschiana drenskii; again to Dr. P.-M. Giachino (Torino, Italy) and Dr. B. Kataev (St. Petersburg, Russia) for their useful comments.
References ANGELINI F. 1995. Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Agathidini). – Monographie, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 18: 1-485. ANGELOV P. 1965. Erste Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleopteren-Arten aus Rodopi-Gebirge. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, 3 (2): 129-138. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russian, German). APFELBECK V. 1904. Die Käferfauna der Balkanhalbinsel, mit Berücksichtigung Klein-Asien und der Insel Kreta. Erstes Band: Familienreihe Caraboidea. Berlin, R. Friedländer & Sohn, IX + 422 pp. ARNDT E. 1989. Beschreibung der Larve von Lionychus quadrillum (Duft.) und Bemerkungen zur Larvalsystematik der mitteleuropäischen Gruppen des Subtribus Dromiina (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae: Lebiini). – Reichenbachia, 27 (7): 47-56. ARNDT E., HŮRKA K. 1990. Description of the larva of Tapinopterus balcanicus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini). – Acta ent. bohemoslov., 87: 204-208. BĂNĂRESCU P., BOȘCAIU N. 1978. Biogeographie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 392 pp. BATTONI F., VERESCHAGINA T. 1984. Materiali per una revisione dei Calathus Bonelli del gruppo fuscipes (Coleoptera Carabidae). - G. it. Ent., 2: 129-162. BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. – Tranteeva, 1: 1-137. BERON P., GUÉORGUIEV V. 1967. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. II. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques de 1961 а 1965. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 24: 151-212. BLUMENTHAL C. 1976. III. Beitrag zur Verbreitung und Systematik der Gattung Carabus in Griechenland und der Türkei (Col. Carabidae). – Nouv. Rev. Ent., 6 (2): 113-120. BREUNING S. 1935. Monographie der Gattung Carabus. – In: Best.-Tab. europ. Col., 109: 1121-1360. BURESCH I., KANTARDJIEVA S. 1928. Die in Bulgarien vorkommenden Arten der Subfamilie Carabinae (Coleopt.-Carabidae). - Mitt. K. naturw. Inst. Sofia, 1: 45-107. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). CASALE A. 1988. Revisione degli Sphodrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini). – Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 5: 1024 pp. CASALE A., GIACHINO P. 1985. Nuovi Bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae) di Grecia e di Turchia. – Boll. Mus. reg. sci. nat. Torino, 3: 221-233. CASALE A., VIGNA TAGLIANTI A. 1999. Caraboid beetles (excl. Cicindelidae) of Anatolia, and their biogeographical significance (Coleoptera, Caraboidea). – Biogeographia, 20: 277-406. CASSOLA F. 1999. Studies on Tiger Beetles. CVII. The cicindelid fauna of Anatolia: faunistics and biogeography (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). - Biogeographia, 20: 229-276. CHRISTOVA P., DIMITROVA V. 1986. The land of the ancient Archidos. - Priroda i znanie, 6: 5-13. DRENSKY P., BALEVSKY A., ZACHARIEVA B., RADEV D., ARABADJIEV D. 1951. Materialen über den Artbestand und die Verbreitung der schädlichen Arten der Gattung Zabrus Cl. während des Jahres 1950 in Bulgarien. - Bull. Inst. zool., 1: 276-285. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). DROVENIK B., PEKS H. 1999. Catalogus Faunae. Carabiden der Balkanländer. - Schwanfelder Coleopterologishe Mitteilungen, Neuauflage, Sonderheft I, Schwanfeld, 123 pp. FERY H. 1994. Taxonomische Notizen zu Graptodytes sedilloti (Régimbart, 1877) und Graptodytes phrygius Guignot 1943 nebst Beschreibung von Graptodytes bussleri n. sp. vom Golan (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). – Entomol. Z., 104 (19): 389-412. FERY H., NILSSON A. 1993. A revision of the Agabus chalconatus- and erichsoni-groups (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), with a proposed phylogeny. – Ent. scand., 24: 79-108. FREUDE H., HARDE K., LOHSE G. 1971. Die Käfer Mitteleuropas. Band 3: Adephaga 2, Palpicornia, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea 1. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 365 pp. FREUDE H., HARDE K., LOHSE G. 1976. Die Käfer Mitteleuropas. Band 2: Adephaga 1. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 302 pp.
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GIACHINO P. 1989. Tre nuove specie di Bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae) della Grecia settentrionale. – Boll. Mus. reg. sci. nat. Torino, 7 (1): 33-48. GIACHINO P., VAILATI D. 1993. Revisione degli Anemadinae Hatch, 1928 (Coleoptera Cholevidae). – Monographie di “Natura Bresciana”, 18: 314 pp. GRUEV B., KUZMANOV B. 1994. General Biogeography. St. Kliment Ochridski, Sofia, 498 pp. (In Bulgarian). GUÉORGUIEV B., MUILWIJK J. 2001. Contribution to the Bulgarian ground-beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae). II. - Hist. nat. bulg., 13: 111-122. GUÉORGUIEV B., RŮŽIČKA J. 2002. Check-list of the Bulgarian carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae). – Hist. nat. bulg., 15: 89-112. GUÉORGUIEV V. 1960. New and rare Hydrocanthares (Coleoptera) to the fauna in Bulgaria. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 9: 445-449. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1962. Contribution à la connaissance des Coléoptères Hydrocanthares de la Bulgarie. – Acta faun. ent. Mus. Nation. Pragae, 8 (65): 5-12. GUÉORGUIEV V. 1963. Notes sur les Coléoptères cavernicoles de Bulgarie. III. Bureschiana drenskii, n. gen., n. sp. - nouveau Bathysciinae cavernicole du groupe des Brachyscapes (Catopidae, Coleoptera). - Acta ent. Mus. Nation. Pragae, 35: 391-395. GUÉORGUIEV V. 1964. Coléoptères aquatiques (Hydrocanthares, Coleoptera) de la Thrace. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk). Band I. Verlag Bulg. Akad. Wiss., Sofia, 297-305. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1965. La composition spécifique de la famille Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) et son aire d’extension en Bulgarie. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 18: 91-124. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1971. Composition spécifique et aire d’extension de la famille des Haliplides (Coléoptиres) en Bulgarie. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus. 33: 177-184. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1980. A Contribution to the Studies on Haliplidae, Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta ent. bulg., 15: 81-86. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1987. Coleoptera, Hydrocanthares. – Fauna bulgarica. 17. Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 161 pp. (In Bulgarian). GUÉORGUIEV V. 1992. Contribution à l’étude de la famille des Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Bulgarie. II. - Acta zool. bulg., 43: 61-68. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). GUÉORGUIEV V., BESHOVSKI V., IOSIFOV M., KUMANSKI K., RUSEV B., SAKALIAN V. 1993. Insecta: Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Homoptera (Auchenorrhyncha), Heteroptera, Coleoptera (Insecta, Part 1). – In: National Strategy for Conservation of the Biological Diversity. Volume 1. Biodiversity Support Program, Sofia, 245-322. GUÉORGUIEV V., GUÉORGUIEV B. 1995a. Catalogue of the ground-beetles of Bulgaria (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia – Moscow, 279 pp. GUÉORGUIEV B., GUÉORGUIEV V. 1995b. La faune des Carabidae (Coleoptera) des hautes montagnes de Bulgarie. - Acta zool. bulg., 48: 77-85. HIEKE F., WRASE D. 1988. Faunistic der Laufkäfer Bulgariens (Coleoptera, Carabidae). – Dtsch. Ent. Zeitschr., 35 (1-3): 1-171. HLISNIKOVSKÝ J. 1954. Přispěvek k poznáni bulharských Dytiscidu (Coleoptera). – Acta ent. Mus. Nation. Pragae, 29: 93-103. HŮRKA K. 1988. A revision of the East-Mediterranean species of Aptinus and notes on the Brachinus plagiatus group (Col., Carabidae, Brachininae). - Acta ent. bohemoslov., 85: 287-306. HŮRKA K. 1996. Carabidae of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Kabourek, Zlín, 565 pp. JEANNEL R. 1942. Coléoptères carabiques. Deuxième partie. – In: Faune de France. 40. Libr. Fac. Sci., Paris, 572-1173. JOAKIMOV D. 1904. [Beitrag zur Insectenfauna Bulgariens – Insecta. I. Coleoptera]. – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka knizhn., 20: 1-43. (In Bulgarian). KANTARDJIEVA S. 1928. Die Arten der Familie Cicindelidae (Col.) in Bulgarien. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 4: 91-114. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. 1983. The Beetles of the Suborder Adephaga: Families Rhysodidae, Trachypachidae, Carabidae. (Introduction and a Review of the USSR Fauna). – In: Fauna SSSR. 1. 20. Nauka, Leningrad, 341 pp. (In Russian). KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L., BELOUSOV I. A., KABAK I. I., KATAEV M. B., MAKAROV K. V., SHILENKOV V. G. 1995. A Checklist of the Ground-Beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 271 pp.
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LÖBL I., SMETANA A. 2003. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1. Archostemata – Myxophaga – Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 819 pp. MARGGI W. 1992. Faunistik der Saundlaufkäfer und Laufkäfer der Schweiz (Cicindelidae et Carabidae, Coleoptera). – Doc. Faun. Helv., 13 (1): 1-477. MICHEV, N., KOLEDAROV P. 1989. [Dictionary of the towns and villages and their names in Bulgaria 18781987]. Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 301 pp. (In Bulgarian). MÜLLER-MOTZFELD G. 1986. Die Gruppe des Bembidion (Subgenus: Ocydromus Clairv.) decorum Zenker (Coleoptera: Carabidae). – Dtsch. Ent. Zeitschr., (N. F.), 33 (3-5): 137-175. NEDELKOV N. 1905. Contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria. – Period. spis. Bulg. knizh. druzh. Sofia, 66: 404-439. (In Bulgarian). NEDELKOV N. 1909. [Fourth contribution to the Insect fauna of Bulgaria] – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka knizhn., 25: 1-32. (In Bulgarian). NOONAN G. 1986. Distribution of Insects in the Northern Hemisphere: Continental Drift and Epicontinental Seas. – Bull. Ent. Soc. America, 32 (2): 80-84. PAPAZOV D. 1934. Die Arten der Unterfamilie Silphidae (Col.) in Bulgarien. - Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 8: 183-201. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). RAMBOUSEK F. 1912. Fauna coleopterorum bulgarica. - Trav. Soc. bulg. sci. nat., 5: 57-113. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). VASSILEV I. 1988. A contribution to the carabid fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 36: 85-87. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). VASSILEV I., NECHEVA V. 1989. Investigation on the carabid fauna (Carabidae, Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. – Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., Zool., 79 [1988] (1): 49-52. (In Bulgarian). VASSILEVA S., GULUBOVA S. 1994. [The wealth of a south region]. Izdat. kashta Rodopi, Kardjali, 86 pp. (In Bulgarian). VIGNA TAGLIANTI A., AUDISIO P., BELFIORE C., BIONDI M., BOLOGNA M., CARPANETO G., DE BIASE A., DE FELICI S., PIATTELA E., RACHELI T., ZAPPAROLI M., ZOIA S. 1993. Riflessioni di gruppo sui corotipi fandamentali della fauna W-Paleartica ed in particolare italiana. – Biogeographia, 16: 159-179. WRASE D. W. 1995. Taxonomische und faunistische Bemerkungen über einige paläarktische Carabiden-Arten (Coleoptera, Carabidae). – Linzer biol. Beitr., 27 (1): 337-366.
Author’s address: Dr. Borislav Guéorguiev National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Адефагни и някои стафилиниформни бръмбари (Insecta: Coleoptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Борислав ГЕОРГИЕВ (Р е з ю м е) В изследването се разглеждат 199 вида и подвида бръмбари от семейства Carabidae, Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Leiodidae, Silphidae и Helophoridae. Общо 192 вида, 182 от българската и 25 от гръцката част на планината са познати с конкретни находки. Родовете Cychrus, Duvalius, Stenolophus, Dromius, Philorhizus, Anemadus, Catopsimorphus, Nargus, Necrodes и 31 таксона от видовата група са нови за българската част на Източните Родопи. Нови за фауната на България са видовете Dromius angustus
Coleoptera Carabidae Adephaga and some Staphyliniformia
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(Carabidae), Anemadus graecus и Bureschiana thracica (Leiodidae). Нови находки са добавени за други 27 вида и подвида вече познати от Източните Родопи. Седем таксона, публикувани неправилно за района, са изключени от регионалната фауна. За гръцката част на планината са съобщени 25 вида и подвида, като 11 от тях са цитирани по литературни данни, а 19 – с нови находки. Освен това 4 бръмбара са определени до sp. или до група видове, като 2 от тях несъмнено представляват нови за науката видове. Допълнено е морфологичното описание на Bureschaina thracica. Въз основа на съвременните ареали на видовете от Carabidae е разгледано разпределението на основните хоротипове в местната фауна. Определени са 31 вида твърдокрилите насекоми, представляващи интерес в консервационно отношение.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Eugeni CHEHLAROV
Chehlarov E. 2004. Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 413-418. Abstract. As a result of the study 21 species are established. New data are presented for 10 of them, among which 5 species are new for the region. Among the latter Gnathoncus nannetensis and the rare Hister teter, both found for the second time in Bulgaria, are particularly interesting. In Bulgaria Saprinus tenuistrius sparsutus is known, so far only from the Eastern Rhodopes. Three of the species, indicated with locality “Rhodopes”, require further confirmation. From a zoogeographical point of view predominant are histerids with a southern type of distribution Southpalearctic (9) and Mediterranean (2). The Eurosiberian complex includes 3 species, the Palearctic – 2, the European and Cosmopolitan –1 species each. Regarding the histerid fauna, it could be concluded that the Eastern Rhodopes represent a poorly investigated region. Key words: Coleoptera, Histeridae, new records, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Introduction The Eastern Rhodopes have not been subject to systematic investigations in regard to the beetle family Histeridae. The mountain is visited occasionally by Bulgarian and foreign entomologists as part of more common coleopterological trips. The first data from the region belong to JOAKIMOV (1904). More significant information for the Eastern Rhodopes is found in the papers of MAZUR (1970) and АNGELOV (1988). LABLER (1933), HORION (1949) and DAHLGREN (1969) mentioned single species as part of their faunistic and taxonomic works.
Material The present study is based on the information in the available literature sources, on unpublished material from the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, as well as on the specimens collected by the author and N. Simov. The nomenclature and order of the taxa presentation follows the world catalogue of Histeridae (MAZUR, 1997). After the names of valid species come their synonyms (if there are such), cited for the
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Eastern Rhodopes, the literature sources, the new data, and chorology. Ecological notes and information about the habitats of some of the species are also presented. Abbreviations used in the text: *- new species for the region; ? - species reported with locality “Rhodopes”; spec. – specimen/s; NMNHS – National Museum of Natural History, Sofia; FB – Faculty of Biology of the Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”.
List of species ? Plegaderus discisus Erichson, 1839 “Rhodopes” (HORION, 1949). European. The main part of the species’ range includes Central and South (in high mountain forests) Europe. This rare species is found in most cases in galleries of bark beetles and under barks of coniferous trees. According to КRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976) the occurring of P. discisus in Asia Minor is doubtful. Saprinus furvus Erichson, 1834 Podkova Village (MAZUR, 1970). Mediterranoeuropean. Saprinus tenuistrius sparsutus Solsky, 1876 Podkova Village (MAZUR, 1970). Southwestpalearctic. Species cited for Bulgaria only from the Eastern Rhodopes. Saprinus calatravensis Fuente, 1862 “Rhodopes” (LABLER, 1933); Podkova Village (MAZUR, 1970). Mediterranoiranoturanean. Saprinus georgicus Marseul, 1862 Podkova Village (MAZUR, 1970). Mediterrano-Iranoturanean. Saprinus aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) Podkova Village (MAZUR, 1970). Westpalearctic. Chalcionellus decemstriatus (Rossi, 1792) Momchilgrad (DAHLGREN, 1969; ANGELOV, 1988), Podkova Village (ANGELOV, 1988), Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1988). Westeurosiberian. ? Chalcionellus aemulus (Illiger, 1807) “Rhodopes” (LABLER, 1933). Transmediterranean. Bulgaria is one of the northernmost areas of the species’ range. ? Paromalus parallelepipedus (Herbst, 1792) “Rhodopes” (HORION, 1949). Transpalearctic. This species is widespread and is one of the important predators regulating the number of the bark beetles. It lives in broadleaved and coniferous trees.
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Pachilister inequalis (Olivier, 1789) Haskovo (MAZUR, 1970); Mineralni Bani (JOAKIMOV, 1904). New data: Snjagodin near Krumovgrad, 2.6.1965, 3 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Protigerovo near Kardjali, 23.7.1964, 3 spec., B. Zaharieva leg., det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Zarevets near Kardjali, 23.7.1964, 7 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Kardjali area, 25.5.1964, 2 spec., leg. B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Kardjali area, 30.5.1965, 1 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Topolka, Krumovgrad area, 1.6.1965, 2 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Momchilgrad area, 31.5.1965, 4 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS; Meden Buk Village, 20.7.1964, 1 spec. / 16.7.1967, 6 spec., B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS.; Ivaylovgrad area, 21.5.1964, 1 spec. / 26.7.1964, 4 spec. / 18.6.1969, 2 spec., B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS.; Mandritsa Village near Ivaylovgrad, 22.6.1964, 3 spec. / 18.7.1964, 2 spec. / 19.6.1969, 1 spec., leg. B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS. Euroiranoturanean. The beetle is one of the largest palearctic representatives of the family in Bulgaria. Its body length is 7,5 – 11,5 mm (from the beginning of mandibles to the end of pygidium it is ca. 19 mm). Hister quadrimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 Mineralni Bani (MAZUR, 1970); Kardjali (MAZUR, 1970; ANGELOV, 1988). New data: Haskovo area, 2.6.1967, 1 spec., leg. M. Vitanova, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS. Southpalearctic. This is one of the most common beetle species in Bulgaria. This is due to its unsettled manner of life, mainly in the open. Hister illigeri Duftschmid, 1805 (= uncinatus Illiger, 1807) Haskovo (MAZUR, 1970); Kardjali (MAZUR, 1970; ANGELOV, 1988); Podkova Village (ANGELOV, 1988). Euroiranoturanean. * Hister unicolor Linaeus, 1758 Ivaylovgrad area, 26.7.1964, 1 spec., B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS.; Plevun Village near Ivaylovgrad, 5.6.1965, 3 spec., leg. V. Krusteva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS. Westeurosiberian. * Hister teter Truqui, 1852 Mandritsa Village near Ivaylovgrad, 19.7.1964, 1 spec., leg. B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS. Nordmediterranean. The beetle is rare throughout its range, as it is cited only once from Bulgaria (West Stara Planina). Hister sepulchralis Erichson, 1854 Haskovo (MAZUR, 1970); Mineralni Bani (MAZUR, 1970). Euroiranoturanean. Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius, 1775) (= cadaverinus (Hoffman, 1803) Kardjali area (ANGELOV, 1988). New data: Cave Karangil, Oreschari Village near Madjarovo, 20.7.1988, 4 spec. in guano of bats, leg. N. Simov, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. FB. Eurosiberian.
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* Margarinotus ruficornis (Grimm, 1825) Krumovgrad, 28.5.1998, 1 spec. in excrement of Bos taurus, leg. & det. E. Chehlarov, coll. FB. European. Atholus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (MAZUR, 1970); Mineralni Bani (JOAKIMOV, 1904); Podkova Village (ANGELOV, 1988). New data: Krumovgrad, 18.5.1998, 1 spec. under a stone, leg. N. Simov, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. FB. Cosmopolitan. Atholus duodecimstriatus duodecimstriatus (Schrank, 1781) Kardjali, (ANGELOV, 1988); Podkova Village (ANGELOV, 1988). New data: Meden Buk Village, 16.7.1967, 2 spec., leg. B. Zaharieva, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. NMNHS. Mediterranoiranoturanean. * Atholus corvinus (Germar, 1817) Krumovgrad, 26.8.1997, 1 spec. in excrement of Bos taurus, leg. & det. E. Chehlarov, coll. FB. Southpalearctic. * Gnathoncus nannetensis Marsham, 1862 Cave Karangil, Oreschari Village near Madjarovo, 3 spec. in guano of bats, leg. N. Simov, det. E. Chehlarov, coll. FB. Transpalearctic. Second record for Bulgaria. The species was found only in the cave “Prilepnata” (West Stara Planina). According to literature data this species is one of the most flexible (from an ecological point of view) representatives of the family. It occurs mainly in bird’s nests, but could also be found in other habitats (KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REIHARDT, 1976).
Discussion Eighteen species altogether (about 19.78% of the Bulgarian Histeridae) are established for region, five of which are new for the Eastern Rhodopes and for another five new localities are given. Hister teter and Gnathoncus nannetensis are noted for the second time in Bulgaria. In the country Saprinus tenuistrius sparsutus is known only from the Eastern Rhodopes. Three species, noted by LABLER (1933) and HORION (1949) without indication of concrete locality in the Rhodopes, are included in the text as they are likely to occur in the area studied. The eighteen species are classified in 12 zoogeographical categories, united in 6 complexes (Table 1). The species from the Southpalearctic (9) predominate. They are followed by Eurosiberian (3), Palearctic (2), Mediterranean (2), European (1), and Cosmopolitan (1). In relation to Histeridae, it could be concluded that the Eastern Rhodopes are relatively poorly investigated. The author suggests that in future field studies the species’ number will probably increase twice. Also, in future studiesthe share of the species with a south type of distribution is likely to remain similar to the here established.
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Table 1 Distribution of the species from the Eastern Rhodopes in zoogeographical complexes Zoogeographical complexes Cosmopolitan Palearctic Eurosiberian European Southpalearctic Mediterranean Total
Number of species
%
1 2 3 1 9 2
5.56 11.11 16.67 5.56 50.00 11.11
18
100
Acknowledgements I express my gratitude to Dr. A. Popov (NMNHS) and Mr. N. Simov (NMNHS) for the specimens given at my disposal. I thank Dr. V. Sakalian (Institute of zoology, Sofia) for his help in the classifying of the zoogeographical categories and complexes and Dr. B. Guéorguiev (NMNHS) for his assistance with the arrangement of the text.
References ANGELOV P. 1988. Die Arten der Familie Histeridae (Col.) aus Bulgarien. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, 26 (6): 163175. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). JOAKIMOV D. 1904. Beitrag zur Insectenfauna Bulgariens – Insecta. I. Coleoptera. – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka knizhn., 20: 1-43. (In Bulgarian). KRYZHANOVSKIJ O., REIHARDT A. 1976. Fauna USSR. Vol. 5, No. 4. Superfamily Histeroidea (Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Sinteliidae). Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp. (In Russian). DAHLGREN G. 1969. Zur Taxonomie der Gattungen Chalcionellus, Hypocacculus, Baeckmaniolus und Hypocaccus (Coleoptera, Histeridae). – Entomol. Tidskr., 92: 59-70. HORION A. 1949. Faunistik der mitteleurpaischen Käfer B. II, Palpicornia – Staphylinoidea (ausser Staphylinidae). Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann. 338 pp. LABLER K. 1933. Beitrag zur Histeridenfauna von Bulgarien – Mitt. K. naturw. Inst. Sofia, 6: 46-48. MAZUR S. 1970. Contribution to the knowledge of Histeridae of Bulgaria. – Polskie pismo ent., 42 (1): 145-150. MAZUR S. 1997. A world catalogue of Histeridae (Coleoptera, Histeroidea). – Int. Journ. Invert. Taxonomy, Supplement: 373 pp.
Author’s address: Eugeni Chehlarov Institute of Zoology Tzar Osvoboditel Bulv. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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Съобщават се 21 вида от сем. Histeridae. Нови данни са представени за 10 от тях, като 5 вида са нови за района. Интерес представляват Gnathoncus nannetensis и редкият вид Hister teter, намерени за втори път в страната. Saprinus tenuistrius sparsutus е цитиран за България засега само от Източните Родопи. Три от видовете, познати с находище “Родопи”, се нуждаят от по-нататъшно потвърждение. В района преобладават видове с южен тип на разпространение - южнопалеарктичен (9) и медитерански (2). Евросибирският комплекс включва 3 вида, палеарктичният - 2, а европейският и космополитният – по 1 вид. По отношение на хистеридите Източните Родопи са недостатъчно изследвани.
Coleoptera: Buprestidae 419 Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Vladimir SAKALIAN
Sakalian V. 2004. Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 419-425. Abstract. In the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) 37 species of the family Buprestidae (Coleoptera) have been identified, belonging to 12 genera (20.67% of the total of 179 species and subspecies of jewel beetles known from Bulgaria). Thirty taxa appear new for the Eastern Rhodopes. Zoogeographically dominant are the thermophilous taxa from the Mediterranean, Southpalearctic and Mediterranean-Iranoturanian complexes (about 60%). Key words: Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The investigations of the Eastern Rhodopes are very insufficient. The information about jewel beetles from this region can be found in 6 publications, as follows: (BURESCH, 1932; OBENBERGER, 1932; ANGELOV, 1979; VOLKOVITSH, 1989; SAKALIAN, 1990; GUTOWSKI & LUGOWOJ, 1996). These papers contain data about the distribution in the region of 7 species and subspecies: 5 taxa in ANGELOV (1979) and 1 in each of the remaining articles. Existing facts determine the Eastern Rhodopes as one of the less studied regions in Bulgaria as related to buprestids.
Material and methods The present paper is based on all published and unpublished information about distribution of jewel beetles in the Eastern Rhodopes. The author collected the greater part of the unpublished material in 1990 and 1991. Buprestids from the region, kindly provided by the author’s colleagues Dr. S. Beshkov, Mr. J. Ganev, Dr. M. Todorov, Dr. T. Lyubomirov, Mr. P. Tenchev and Mrs. E. Manasieva (all from Sofia, Bulgaria), were used. Specimens from the Eastern Rhodopes, kept in the collections of National Museum Prague, Czech Republic (coll. NMP) and Mr. V. Kuban, Brno, Czech Republic (coll. Kuban), were also studied. Traditional faunistical methods for insects catching were used in the
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field. The greatest part of the established species is kept in the collections of the Institute of Zoology (coll. IZ). The species and subspecies, which are new for the region, are marked with an asterisk (*) in the text. Complete faunistical information on the manner of collecting, number of caught specimens (exemplars – ex.) and name of collector (when different from the author) is given only for buprestids new for the region or of unknown locality.
Faunistical results *Acmaeodera (Acmaeotethya) crinita crinita Spinola, 1838 Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean. Acmaeoderella (Liogastria) chrysanthemi (Chevrolat, 1854) Kardjali (VOLKOVITSH, 1989; SAKALIAN, 1990). Eastmediterranean. Ptosima undecimmaculata undecimmaculata (Herbst, 1785) Mandritsa Hut (ANGELOV, 1979); Meden Buk, 8.5.1996, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Southwestpalearctic. *Acmaeoderella (Carininota) flavofasciata flavofasciata (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ); Studen Kladenets Dam, 16.6.1993, 2 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ). Southwestpalearctic. *Acmaeoderella (Carininota) mimonti mimonti (Boieldieu, 1865) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 2 ex. (coll. IZ). Southwestpalearctic. Chalcophorella (Chalcophorella) stigmatica (Schoenherr, 1817) Voden (ANGELOV, 1979); Dolno Cherkovishte, 200 m, 9.7.1996, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean-Iranoturanian. Capnodis tenebricosa (Olivier, 1790) Kardjali (ANGELOV, 1979); Garvanovo, 19.7.1987, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ); Madjarovo, 160 m., 28.5 - 8.6.2001, 1 ex., T. Lyubomirov leg. (coll. IZ). Southwestpalearctic. *Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1761) Ivaylovgrad, 22.7.1968, 1 ex., J. Ganev leg. (coll. IZ); Zhelezino, 6.9.1992, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Stop, 5.7.1992, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Gorno Lukovo, 4.6.1997, 2 ex., P. Tenchev leg. (coll. IZ); Southwestpalearctic. Capnodis cariosa (Pallas, 1776) Kardjali (BURESCH, 1932; OBENBERGER, 1932); Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1979); Stop, 5.7.1992, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean-Iranoturanian.
Coleoptera: Buprestidae 421 *Dicerca (Dicerca) aenea aenea (Linnaeus, 1761) Studen Kladenets Dam, 23.5.1990, 2 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ). Westpalearctic. Dicerca (Dicerca) alni (Fischer de Waldheim, 1824) Beli Brezi (ANGELOV, 1979); Momina Skala Hut, 22.7.1993, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ). Westpalearctic. *Anthaxia (Cratomerus) hungarica hungarica (Scopoli, 1772) Kardjali, 27.5.1964, 1 ex., J. Ganev leg. (coll. IZ). Mediterranoeuropean. *Anthaxia (Cratomerus) scorzonerae (Frivaldszky, 1837) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean. *Anthaxia (Cratomerus) diadema diadema (Fischer, 1823) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Pontomediterranean. *Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) millefolii millefolii (Fabricius, 1801) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 12 ex. (coll. IZ). Pontomediterranean. *Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) cichorii cichorii (Olivier, 1790) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 2 ex. (coll. IZ). Mediterranoeuropean. Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) rossica Daniel, 1903 Kardjali (GUTOWSKI & LUGOWOJ, 1996). Pontomediterranean. *Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) olympica olympica Kiesenwetter, 1880 Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Pontomediterranean. *Anthaxia (Anthaxia) hypomelaena (Illiger, 1803) Perperek, 16.6.1976, 1 ex., Schön leg. (coll. NMP); Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ); Momchilgrad (MÜHLE in. litt.). Mediterranean-Iranoturanian. *Anthaxia (Anthaxia) discicollis discicollis Gory & Laporte, 1839 Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 3 ex. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean *Anthaxia (Anthaxia) funerula funerula (Illiger, 1803) Madjarovo, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 ex., T. Lyubomirov leg. (coll. IZ). Westeurosiberian. *Anthaxia (Anthaxia) signaticollis Krynicki, 1832 stat. nov. Zlatograd, 26.6.1961, 1 ex., Maran leg. (coll. NMP); Byala Reka Valley 200 m, 8.5.1996, 1 ex., E. Manasieva leg. (coll. IZ). Pontomediterranean. *Anthaxia (Anthaxia) bicolor bicolor Faldermann, 1835 Dolno Lukovo, 25.5.1990, 2 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Byala Reka Valley, 200 m, 8.5.1996, 1 ex., E. Manasieva leg. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean-Iranoturanian.
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*Anthaxia (Anthaxia) fulgurans (Schrank, 1789) Momchilgrad, 23.6.1978, 1 ex., Monousek leg. (coll. NMP); Gugutka, 29.5.1990, 16 ex. (coll. IZ); Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 3 ex. (coll. IZ); Chernoochene, June1992, 2 ex., M. Todorov leg. (coll. IZ). European. *Anthaxia (Melanthaxia) godeti Gory & Laporte, 1839 Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 1 ex. (coll. IZ); Chernoochene, June1992, 2 ex., M. Todorov leg. (coll. IZ). Westpalearctic. *Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) affinis affinis (Fabricius, 1794) Momchilgrad, 1.5.1979, 1 ex., K. Majer leg. (coll. Kuban). Westeurosiberian. *Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) leonhardi Obenberger, 1916 Kardjali, 12.6.1980, 1 ex. (coll. Kuban). Balkan subendemic. *Coraebus elatus (Fabricius, 1787) Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 10 ex. (coll. IZ); Chernoochene, June1992, 1 ex., M. Todorov leg. (coll. IZ). Westpalearctic. *Coraebus rubi (Linnaeus, 1767) Ivaylovgrad, 30.5.1990, 2 ex. (coll. IZ); Arda Hut, 18.6.1991, 2 ex. (coll. IZ); Chernoochene, June1992, 2 ex., M. Todorov leg. (coll. IZ); Studen Kladenets Dam, 16.6.1993, 2 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Euroiranoturanian. *Meliboeus (Meliboeoides) violaceus (Kiesenwetter, 1857) Gugutka, 29.5.1990, 4 ex. (coll. IZ). Eastmediterranean-Iranoturanian. *Agrilus ater ater (Linnaeus, 1767) Gugutka, 29.5.1990, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Westeurosiberian. *Agrilus graminis Gory & Laporte, 1837 Kirkovo, 28.5.1990, 1 ex. (coll. IZ). Mediterranoeuropean. *Agrilus laticornis (Illiger, 1803) Gugutka, 29.5.1990, 2 ex. (coll. IZ). Madjarovo, 160 m., 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 ex., T. Lyubomirov leg. (coll. IZ). European. *Agrilus angustulus (Illiger, 1803) Arda Hut, 26.5.1990, 1 ex., S. Beshkov leg. (coll. IZ); Madjarovo, 160 m., 29.4.20.5.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. (coll. IZ). Westpalearctic. *Agrilus cuprescens Ménétriés, 1832 Chernoochene, June1992, 1 ex., M. Todorov leg. (coll. IZ); Madjarovo, 160 m., 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. (coll. IZ). Transpalearctic.
Coleoptera: Buprestidae 423 *Agrilus lineola lineola Redtenbacher, 1849 Gugutka, 29.5.1990, 3 ex. (coll. IZ). European. *Cylindromorphus bifrons Rey, 1889 Madjarovo, 160 m., 8-22.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. (coll. IZ). Eurasian steppe. * A total of 37 species and subspecies, which belong to 12 genera, have been established. New for the Eastern Rhodopes are 30 species and subspecies. The established 37 taxa represent 20.67% of all 179 Bulgarian species and subspecies. In the author’s opinion, the number of collected taxa represents about 35% of the number of all buprestids species expected in the region.
Zoogeographical results The obtained zoogeographical results have only a preliminary character, because of insufficiently studied region. Following SAKALIAN’s (1994) conception, the established taxa are arranged in 13 zoogeographical categories. For the purpose of zoogeographical analysis these categories are combined in 9 zoogeographical complexes. The division of established taxa into zoogeographical complexes and categories is as follows: Palearctic complex (6 species and subspecies – 16.22%). Categories: Transpalearctic (1) and Westpalearctic (5). Eurosiberian complex (3 – 8.11%). Only the category of Westeurosiberian taxa (3). European complex (3 – 8.11%). Category of Transeuropean taxa (3) Eurasian steppe complex (1 – 2.07%). Category of the same name represented by 1 species. Southpalearctic complex (5 – 13.51%). Category: Southwestpalearctic (5). Euroiranoturanian complex (1 – 2.07 %). Category of the same name represented by 1 species. Mediterranean-Iranoturanian complex (5 – 13.51%). Categories: Mediterranean-Iranoturanian (1) and Eastmediterranean-Iranoturanian (4). Mediterranean complex (12 – 32.43%). Categories: Mediterranoeuropean (3), Pontomediterranean (5) and Eastmediterranean (4). Balkan endemic complex (1 – 2.07%). Represented only by the Balkan subendemic species Chrysobothris leonhardi. As it is evident from the mentioned data, in the Eastern Rhodopes the Mediterranean taxa are dominant, followed by those from the Palearctic complex. The Mediterranean-Iranoturanian and Southpalearctic with equal number of species and subspecies take third place. In general, the domination of taxa of ancient Mediterranean origin and recent distribution (Mediterranean, Mediterranean-Iranoturanian and Southpalearctic complexes) - 22 species and subspecies (about 60%), characterizes the region as preferred by more thermophilous taxa.
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As mentioned, the obtained results have a preliminary character because of the low level of investigation on buprestids in the Eastern Rhodopes. That is why more detailed zoogeographical conclusions are not available for the time being. The obtained faunistical and zoogeographical results show the need for complete and regular investigations on the buprestids of this region in the future.
Acknowledgements I wish to thank Dr. S. Beshkov, Mr. J. Ganev, Dr. M. Todorov, Dr. T. Lyubomirov, Mr. P. Tenchev and Mrs. E. Manasieva (all from Sofia, Bulgaria) and Mr. H. Mühle (München, Germany) for providing the materials and information for this investigation. I am grateful to Dr. S. Bily (Prague, Czech Republic) and Mr. V. Kuban (Brno, Czech Republic) for allowing me to work with their collections.
References ANGELOV P. 1979. Untersuchungen über Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Bulgarien. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, 17 (4): 395-409. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). BURESCH I. 1932. Referate und Berichte im den Jahre 1931. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 7: 20-23. (In Bulgarian). GUTOWSKI J., LUGOWOJ J. 1996. Rare species of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria. - Polskie Pismo ent., 65: 5-8. OBENBERGER J. 1932. Catalogue raisonné des Buprestides de Bulgarie I. – Bull. Inst. roy. hist. nat. Sophia, 5: 15-66. SAKALIAN V. 1990. A contribution to the study of the family Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 39: 37-41. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). SAKALIAN V. 1994. Studies on Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in the Sandanski-Petric and Goce Delcev valleys Southwest Bulgaria. III. Zoogeographical characteristic. - Acta zool. bulg., 47: 35-42. VOLKOVITSH M. 1989. New and little known buprestid-beetles of the Acmaeoderella Cobos (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from Eastern Mediterranea. - Trudy Zool. Inst. Leningrad, 208: 43-63. (In Russian).
Author’s address: Vladimir Sakalian Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Coleoptera: Buprestidae 425 Златки (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) от Източните Родопи (България) Владимир САКАЛЯН (Р е з ю м е) Източните Родопи са един от сравнително не добре проучените по отношение на златките райони в България. С това изследване общият брой на видовете и подвидовете, известни от района, става 37 от 12 рода. Този брой представлява 20.67% от известните за страната 179 вида и подвида златки. Нови за района са 30 таксона. За целите на зоогеографския анализ бупрестидите са групирани в 13 зоогеографски категории, обединени в 9 зоогеографски комплекса. Доминират таксоните от медитеранския комплекс (12 – 32.43%). Следват тези от палеарктичния (6 – 16.22%), южнопалеарктичния и медитераноиранотуранския с по 5 вида и подвида (13.51%), евросибирския и европейския комплекси с по 3 (8.11%) и евроиранотуранския, евразийския степен и балканския ендемичен комплекси с по 1 представител (2.07%). Както се вижда от посочените резултати в Източните Родопи доминират потермофилните таксони, с разпространение и вероятен произход, свързан с района на Древното Средиземие. Това са тези от медитеранския, южнопалеарктичния и медитераноиранотуранския комплекси с общо около 60% представителство.
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Coccinellidae
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Eastеrn Rodopes (Bulgaria)
Vassila JORDANOVA
Jordanova V. 2004. Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Eastеrn Rodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 427-432. Abstract. In the area under study 37 species of ladybirds have been found, 28 of which are reported here for the first time for the Eastern Rhodopes. Zoogeographically they are subdivided as follows: Palearctic type – 17, Eurosiberian - 11, Holarctic - 3, Mediterranean - 5, Balka - Anatolian - 1. Scymnus ater is known in Bulgaria only from the Eastern Rhodopes. The conservation value of the area is high, particularly rare species being Lithophilus connatus, Stethorus gilvifrons, Scymnus femoralis, Scymnus ater. Key words: Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Data about the family Coccinellidae in the Eastern Rhodopes are found in the papers of JORDANOVA (1986) – six species, JORDANOVA (1987) – two species and JORDANOVA (1997) – one species. The material was collected by the author in 1982 and in different years by Dr. R. Bielawski, Dr. Al. Popov, D. Totev, by branch shaking. The collection, collected by a Malaise trap from January to October 2001, was put together by Dr. M. Langourov and Dr. H. Eturska. All beetles are preserved in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History – Sofia. In the text the following abbreviations have been used: Dj. – Djebel District; ex. – specimen; H. – Haskovo District; I. – Ivaylovgrad District; K. – Kardjali District; leg. – collector; M. – Momchilgrad District.
Faunistic list Lithophilus connatus (Panzer, 1796) Kardjali, 29.5.1956, 2 еx., R. Bielawski leg. Southeasteuropean. Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Two km from Madjarovo Town, near Arda River, 160 m, 19-29.4.2001; 28.5.-8.6.2001; 8-22.6.2001, H. Eturska leg. Phytophag. Westpalearctic.
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Stethorus punctillum Weise, 1891 Belopolyane Village, 100-200 m, 3.6.1982, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Madjarovo, 160 m, 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 еx., H. Eturska leg. Acarophag. Transpalearctic. Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant, 1850 JORDANOVA (1986, 1987). New data: 2 km from Madjarovo, 160 m, 12-26.3.2001, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Acarophag. Eastsubmediterranean. Scymnus (s. str.) frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) JORDANOVA (1986). Aphidophag. Centralsoutheuropean. Scymnus (s. str.) rubromaculatus (Goeze,1777) Belopolyane Village, 100-200 m, 3.6.1982, 3 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Popsko Village, 700-800 m, 4.6.1982, 9 еx., V. Jordanova leg.; 2 km from Madjarovo, 160 m, 19-29.4.2001, 1 ex.; 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 ex.; 20-28.5.2001, 3 ex.; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 5 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. Transpalearctic. Scymnus (s. str.) nigrinus Kugelann, 1794 Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg. (Carpinetum). Aphidophag. Eurosiberian. Scymnus (s. str.) femoralis (Gyllenhal, 1827) Haskovo, 23.8.1978, 1 ex., Al. Popov leg. (Quercus); Belopolyane Village, 100-200 m, 3.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Aphidophag. Centralsoutheuropean. Scymnus (s. str.) interruptus (Goeze, 1777) Two km from Мadjarovo, 160 m, 19-24.4.2001, 5 ex.; 20-28.5.2001, 2 ex.; 28.5.8.6.2001, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. Disjunctive-Palearctic. Scymnus (Pullus) auritus Thunberg, 1795 JORDANOVA (1986). New Data: Plazishte Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 4 ex., Аl. Popov leg.; Fotinovo Village, М., 7.6.1982, 10 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Тarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 12 ex.; Tsvyatovo Village, Dj., 500-600 m, 6.6.1982, 7 ex.; Popsko Village, I., 700-800 m, 4.6.1982, 4 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Belopolyane Village, I., 100-200 m, 3.6.1982, 4 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; 2 km from Madjarovo, 160 m, 19-29.4.2001, 1 ex.; 29.4.2001, 2 ex.; 20-28.5.2001, 1 ex.; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ex.; 8.6.-22.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidoand Acarophag. Eurosiberian. Scymnus (Pullus) fraxini Mulsant, 1850 JORDANOVA (1986). New Data: Belopoljane Village, I., 100-200 m, 3.6.1982, 3 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Popsko Village, I., 4.6.1982, 7 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Plazishte Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 14 ex., Al. Popov leg.; Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., on shrubs, 5.6.1982, 13 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Tsvyatovo Village, Dj., 500-600 m, 6.6.1982, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg. (Quercus, Fagus). Aphidophag. Southeasteuropean.
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Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus (Goeze, 1777) JORDANOVA (1986). New Data: Popsko Village, I., 4.6.1982, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Тarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 2 еx., V. Jordanova leg.; 2 km from Маdjarovo, 160 m, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 ex., 20-28.5.2001, 3 ex.; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. Southwestpalearctic. Scymnus (Pullus) suturalis Thunberg, 1795 JORDANOVA (1986). Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 4 ex., V. Jordanova leg. (Fagus). Aphidophag. Palearctic. Scymnus (Mimopullus) f lagellisiphonatus Feursch,1969 Plazishte Village, Dj., 5.6,1982, Al. Popov leg. Mediterranean-Middleasian. Sc. (Neopullus) ater Kugelann, 1794 JORDANOVA (1997). European. Nephus (s. str.) quadrimaculatus (Herbst, 1783) Two km from Мadjarovo, 160 m, 19-29.4.2001, 1 ex.; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Coccidophag. European. Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794) Two km from Маdjarovo, 160 m, xerothermic vegetation, 19-29.4.2001, 3 ex., М. Langourov leg. Coccidophag. Palearctic. Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. (bushes); 2 km from Маdjarovo, 8-22.6.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Coccido- and Aphidophag. Palearctic. Brumus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, V. Jordanova leg.; 2 km from Маdjarovo, 160 m, 22.1.-5.2.2001, 1 ex.; 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Coccidophag. Transpalearctic. Brumus cedri (Sahlberg, 1913) Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., on shrubs, 5.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. Coccidophag. Balkano-Anatolian. Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) Krumovgrad, 21.5.1964, D. Totev leg. (Thymus). Coccidophag. Transpalearctic. Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata (Goeze, 1777) Harmanli, 24.8.1978, 1 ex., Аl. Popov leg. Palearctosubtropical. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 South of Ivaylovgrad, near Аrmira River, xerothermic mediterranean shrubs, 5.1.2001, 1 ex., M. Langourov leg.; 2 km from Мadjarovo, 160 m,19-29.4.2001, 1 ex., 29.4.-20.5.2001,
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2 ex.; 8-22.6.2001, 9 ex.; 26.9.-14.10.2000, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. SuborientalPalearctic. Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Two km from Маdjarovо, 160 m, 8-22.6.2001, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Westpalearctic. Coccinula sinuatomarginata (Faldermann, 1837) JORDANOVA (1987). Euroasian steppe. Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) Two km from Маdjarovо, 160 m, 8-22.6.2001, 1 ex. (xerothermic vegetation); 26.9.14.10.2001, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Holarctic. Oenopia lyncea agnata (Rosenhauer, 1847) Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Tsvyatovo Village, Dj., 6.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg. (Quercus and Fagus). Aphidophag. Euroasian steppe. Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) Plasishte Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 1 ex., Al. Ророv leg.; Fotinovo Village, М., 7.6.1982, 1 eх., V. Jordanova leg.; Domishte Village along Varbitsa River, 7.6.1981, 4 ex., Al. Popov leg.; 2 km near Madjarovo, 160 m, 12-26.3.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. Eurosibirian. Myrrha octodecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Domishte Village along Varbitsa River, 7.6.1981, 2 ex., Al. Popov leg.; Harmanli 24.8.1978, 3 ex., Аl Ророv leg. Aphidophag. Transpalearctic. Sospita (Myzia) oblongoguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Zlatograd, 16.4.1977, 1 ex., Аl. Popov leg. Aphidophag. Holarctic. Calvia quinquedecimguttata (Fabricius, 1777) JORDANOVA (1987). Aphidophag. Suborientalotranspalearctic. Calvia quatuordecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 2.5.2003, 1 ex., St. Beshkov leg. Aphidophag. Holarctic. Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Two km from Маdjarovо, 160 m, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 2 ex.; 8-22.6.2001, 3 ex., H. Eturska leg. Aphidophag. Palearctic. Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1761) Two km from Маdjarovо, 160 m, 19-29.4.2001, 2 ex., H. Eturska leg. Mycophag. Westpalearctic.
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Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) Fotinovo Village, M., 300-400 m, 7.6.1982, 2 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Zlatograd, 16.4.1977, 1 ex., Аl. Popov leg. Mycophag. Transpalearctic. Vibidia duodecimguttata (Poda, 1761) Popsko Village, I., 700-800 m, 4.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Tarnovtsi Village, Dj., 5.6.1982, 1 ex., V. Jordanova leg.; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003, 1 ex., St. Beshkov leg. Mycophag. Palearctic. Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Two km from Маdjarovо, 160 m, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 2 ex.; 26.9.-14.10.2001, 1 ex., H. Eturska leg. Mycophag. Palearctic.
Discussion The total number of the species and subspecies of Coccinellidae in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) is 37, which represents ca. 45.7% of all the ladybirds known in Bulgaria. New for the area are 28 species. Extremely rare are the following species: Lithophilus connatus, Brumus cedri, Stethorus gilvifrons and Scymnus femoralis. Their occurrence in the Eastern Rhodopes is the second find in Bulgaria. The last two species are known on the Balkan Peninsula only from Bulgaria. The species Scymnus ater is known in Bulgaria so far only from the Eastern Rhodopes. Rare Bulgarian or Balkan species are also Scymnus nigrinus – Bulgaria and Greece, S. (Mimopullus) flagellisiphonatus – Bulgaria and Crete, Coccinula sinuatomarginata – Bulgaria and Albania, N. quadrimaculatus, N. bipunctatus. They are important for assessing the conservation importance of the Eastern Rhodopes. Other species, which are rare or not numerous in the Eastern Rhodopes, are Scymnus suturalis, Chilocorus bipustulatus, Exochomus nigromaculatus, Myrrha octodecimguttata and Sospita oblongoguttata. The Coccinellidae in the area are distributed in the following zoogeographic groups: Holarctic type – 3 species, Palearctic type – 17, Еurosiberian type – 11, species of Mediterranean type of distribution – 5.
References JORDANOVA V. [YORDANOVA V.]. 1986. A contribution towards the study of tribe Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). – Acta zool. bulg., 30: 68-71. JORDANOVA V. 1987. Neue Angaben über die Verbreitung einiger Arten von der Familie Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgarien. – Acta zool. bulg., 34: 79-82. JORDANOVA V. 1997. Review of the species of Fam. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia. - Hist. nat. bulgarica., 8: 69-76 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
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Author’s address: Vassila Jordanova National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Калинки (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) в Източните Родопи (България) Васила ЙОРДАНОВА (Р е з ю м е) Установени са общо 37 вида, 28 от които се съобщават за първи път за Източните Родопи. В зоогеографско отношение са разпределени както следва: палеарктичен тип – 17, евросибирски - 11, холарктичен тип - 3, медитерански - 5, балкано-анадолски – 1. Scymnus ater досега e известен за България само от Източните Родопи. Консервационната значимост на района за кокцинелидната фауна като цяло е висока, но изключително редки са Lithophilus connatus, Stethorus gilvifrons, Scymnus femoralis и Scymnus ater.
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae 433 Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Georgi GEORGIEV, Anelia STOJANOVA, Peter BOYADZHIEV, Mario LANGOUROV
Georgiev G., Stojanova A., Boyadzhiev P., Langourov M. 2004. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 433-437. Abstract. The cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes was examined on the basis of literature sources. As a result, 52 species have been found and reported in the region. They belong to six subfamilies as follows: Prioninae – 3 species, Lepturinae – 16 species, Necydalinae – 1 species, Spondylinae – 3 species, Cerambycinae – 13 species and Lamiinae – 16 species. Most of the cerambycids are common and widespread in Bulgaria, but there are some rare and not so well-known species: Brachyta balcanicus (Hampe), Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé), Pedostrangalia verticalis (Germar), Neodorcadion exornatum (Frivaldsky) and Phytoecia molybdaena (Dalman). Key words: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Bulgaria, Eastern Rhodopes
Introduction The longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are one of the most numerous and widespread coleopteran groups. They are relatively well studied because of their high attractiveness for collectors and the economic importance of some of them, which develop in the roots, stems and branches of forest and orchard trees and shrubs, causing strong damages to the host plants. The cerambycids in Bulgaria are reported in many publications (HEYROVSKY, 1931; KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1932, 1934, 1936; ANGELOV, 1967, 1995; GANEV, 1984, 1985, 1986; etc.). According to ANGELOV (1995), about 250 cerambycid species are known in the country. It could be noted, however, that there is insufficient knowledge about the species composition and the distribution of the longhorn beetles in the different parts and regions of the country. This paper presents the longhorn beetles recorded in the Eastern Rhodopes.
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The cerambycids reported here are presented based on literature data. The nomenclature used in the paper is based on the classification of DANILEVSKY (2003).
Results and discussion Fifty-two representatives of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) have been found and reported in the Eastern Rhodopes (Table 1). They belong to 6 subfamilies as follows: Prioninae – 3 species, Lepturinae – 16 species, Necydalinae – 1 species, Spondylinae – 3 species, Cerambycinae – 13 species and Lamiinae – 16 species. Table 1 Species composition and localities of Cerambycids in the Eastern Rhodopes Species Prioninae Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Locality
Author
Aegosoma scabricornis (Scopoli, 1763)
Most near Kardjali KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) Kardjali, Podkova ANGELOV (1967) Most near Kardjali, Haskovo KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) Kardjali ANGELOV (1967) Most near Kardjali KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932)
Lepturinae Brachyta balcanicus Hampe, 1870
Haskovo
Mesoprionus besicanus (Fairmaire, 1855)
Cortodera femorata (Fabricius, 1787) Cortodera flavimana (Waltl, 1838)
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932); KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1957) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002)
Stenurella bifasciata (Müller, 1776) Stenurella nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) Stenurella septempunctata (Fabricius, 1792) Pedostrangalia verticalis (Germar, 1822)
Kardjali Madjarovo Dabovets Kardjali Ardino Ardino, Boino, Daskalovo, Ivaylovgrad, Madjarovo, Malo Gradishte, Popsko Belite Brezi near Ardino Madjarovo Ardino Haskovo Boino, Ivaylovgrad, Madjarovo Belite Brezi near Ardino Madjarovo Ardino, Chubrika, Daskalovo, Ivaylovgrad, Madjarovo, Popsko Madjarovo, Daskalovo Madjarovo Madjarovo, Daskalovo Madjarovo
GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002)
Necydalinae Necydalis major Linnaeus, 1758
Haskovo
KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932)
Grammoptera ruficornis (Fabricius, 1781) Pseudovadonia livida (Fabricius, 1776)
Vadonia moesiaca (K.Daniel et J.Daniel, 1891) Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé, 1832) Pachytodes cerambyciformis (Schrank, 1781) Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817)
Leptura quadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758 Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1761) Stenurella melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)
GANEV (1984) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1957) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GANEV (1984) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002)
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae 435 Species
Locality
Spondylinae Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886 Belite Brezi near Ardino Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldsky, 1838) Soflu Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi near Ardino Cerambycinae Stromatium unicolor (Olivier, 1795) Stenopterus flavicornis Küster, 1846 Callimoxys gracilis (Brullé, 1832) Cerambyx nodulosus Germar, 1817 Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) Aromia moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) Xylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Echinocerus floralis (Pallas, 1733)
Chlorophorus varius (Müller, 1766) Chlorophorus figuratus (Scopoli, 1763) Chlorophorus hungaricus Seidlitz, 1891
Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817
Podkova Chubrika Malo Gradishte Rudina near Kardjali Haskovo Ardino Kardjali, Podkova Madjarovo Kardjali Chubrika, Daskalovo, Popsko Harmanli Harmanli Dabovets, Daskalovo, Plevun, Malo Gradishte, Popsko Madjarovo
Lamiinae Neodorcadion bilineatum (Germar,1824) Haskovo Belite brezi near Ardino Madjarovo (20.V.2004) Neodorcadion exornatum (Frivalsky,1835) Haskovo, Harmanli
Dorcadion aethiops (Scopoli,1763)
Dorcadion pedestre Poda, 1761
Dorcadion equestre (Laxmann, 1770) Dorcadion scopolii (Herbst, 1784) Saperda populnea (Linnaeus, 1758) Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank, 1776) Phytoecia hirsutula (Frölich, 1793) Phytoecia coerulea (Scopoli, 1772) Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank, 1776) Phytoecia virgula (Charpentier, 1825) Phytoecia coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) Phytoecia molybdaena (Dalman, 1817) Agapanthia cardui (Linnaeus, 1767) Agapanthia violacea (Fabricius, 1775)
Bryagovets, Madjarovo Harmanli, Haskovo Ivaylovgrad Meden Buk near Kardjali Haskovo, Harmanli, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad, Podkova, Djebel, Belite Brezi near Ardino Harmanli Mineralni Bani Podkova Belite Brezi near Ardino Boino Kardjali Dabovets Harmanli Mineralni Bani Daskalovo Ardino Madjarovo Madjarovo Momchilgrad Madjarovo Madjarovo
Author GANEV (1984) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) GANEV (1984) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1995) GANEV (1986) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1932) GANEV (1984) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA (1957) GEORGIEV et al. (2002)
GEORGIEV et al. (2002) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA GANEV (1986) New data KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA ANGELOV (1967) New data KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA ANGELOV (1967) GANEV (1986) KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA ANGELOV (1967)
(1961)
(1961);
(1934); (1961)
(1961);
GANEV (1985) JOAKIMOV (1904) ANGELOV (1967) JOAKIMOV (1904); ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) JOAKIMOV (1904) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) ANGELOV (1967) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) KRATOCHVIL (1985) GEORGIEV et al. (2002) GEORGIEV et al. (2002)
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Most of the cerambycids found in the Eastern Rhodopes are common and widespread in Bulgaria (ANGELOV, 1995). However, there are some rare and not so well known species. Brachyta balcanicus (Hampe) is distributed in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Albania (DANILEVSKY, 2003). The development of the species is unknown (BENSE, 1995). Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé) is known in Bulgaria from the Balkan Range, Strandja Mountain, Asenovgrad and Kresna Gorge (ANGELOV, 1995). The development of the species is unknown. Pedostrangalia verticalis (Germar) was reported previously from Petrich (HEYROVSKY, 1931), Burgas, Strandja Mountain (KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA, 1932), Zemen Gorge (GANEV, 1984), Kresna Gorge, Nesebar (ANGELOV, 1995) and Madjarovo in the Eastern Rhodopes (GEORGIEV et al., 2002). Neodorcadion exornatum (Frivaldsky) is a Balkan endemic species known from Bulgaria, Romania, Greece and Turkey (DANILEVSKY, 2003). New localities: Bryagovets Village, 05.V.2000; Madjarovo, 20.05.2004. Phytoecia molybdaena (Dalman) is distributed in Europe and North Africa (BENSE, 1995). Until recently, in the Balkans it was known from Romania and Serbia (DANILEVSKY, 2003). One specimen only was found in the Eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria (GEORGIEV et al., in press). The species develops on Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) and probably on some Boraginaceae (BENSE, 1995). In conclusion it must be noted that Bulgarian entomological literature provides only scarce records of cerambycids in the Eastern Rhodopes. There have been no purposive studies on the cerambycid fauna in the region and this group is still poorly studied.
References ANGELOV P. 1967. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarische Cerambyciden-Arten. – Trav. Sci. Ec. Nor. Sup. „P. Hilendarski“, Plovdiv, 5 (1): 113-128. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). ANGELOV P. 1995. Fauna bulgarica. 24. Coleoptera, Cerambycidae. Part I (Prioninae, Lepturinae, Necydalinae, Aseminae, Cerambycinae). Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulg., Sofia, 206 pp. (In Bulgarian). BENSE U. 1995. Lonhorn beetles. Illustrated Key to the Cerambycidae and Vesperidae of Europe. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, 512 pp. DANILEVSKY M. L. 2003. Systematic list of Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycoidea) in Europe (Version March, 2003). – In: Hoskovec M., Rejzek M. 2003. Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae) of the Western Palaearctic Region. URL: http://www.uochb.cas.cz/~natur/cerambyx/index.htm. GANEV J. 1984. New Records for Bulgarian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). – Acta ent. Jugosl., 20 (1-2): 57-61. GANEV J. 1985. Über die von Dr. Botscharov von Bulgarien gesammelten Cerambycidae-Arten. – Articulata, 2 (6): 147-153. GANEV J. 1986. Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Familie Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in Bulgarien. – Articulata, 2 (9): 307-312. GEORGIEV G., STOJANOVA A., BOYADZHIEV P., LANGOUROV M. 2002. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Eastern Rhodope Mountain in Bulgaria. – Forest Science, 3/4: 115-119. HEYROVSKY L. 1931. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bulgarischen Cerambyciden. – Mitt. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 4: 78-86. JOAKIMOV D. 1904. Contribution to the Bulgarian fauna of insects. – Insecta I. Coleoptera. – Sborn. nar. umotv. nauka i knizhn., 20: 1-43. (In Bulgarian). KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. 1932. Die Arten der Familie Cerambycidae (Col.). I. (Prioninae und Cerambycinae). – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 7: 78-99. (In Bulgarian).
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae 437 KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. 1934. Die Arten der Familie Cerambycidae (Col.). II. (Lamiinae). – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 8: 132-144. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. 1936. Die Arten der Familie Cerambycidae (Col.). III. (Prioninae und Cerambycinae). – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 9: 171-204. (In Bulgarian). KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. [MINKOVA S.]. 1957. Neue seltene Arten Cerambycidae für Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool., 6: 539-560. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). KANTARDJIEWA-MINKOVA S. [MINKOVA S.]. 1961. Untersuchungen über die Artenzusammensetzung der Tribus Dorcadionini (Col. Cerambycidae) in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool., 10: 293-309. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). KRATOCHVIL J. 1985. Two new European Species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). – Annotat. Zool. Bot., 167: 1-8.
Authors’ addresses: Georgi Georgiev Forest Research Institut 132 St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Anelia Stojanova, Peter Boyadzhiev University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” 24, Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Mario Langourov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Церамбициди (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) от Източните Родопи (България) Георги ГЕОРГИЕВ, Анелия СТОЯНОВА, Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ, Марио ЛАНГУРОВ (Р е з ю м е) Церамбицидната фауна (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) на Източните Родопи е проучена по литературни данни. До настоящия момент 52 вида от следните 6 подсемейства са намирани и съобщавани за района: Prioninae – 3 вида, Lepturinae – 16 вида, Necydalinae – 1 вид, Spondylinae – 3 вида, Cerambycinae – 13 вида и Lamiinae – 16 вида. Преобладаващата част от церамбицидите са широко разпространени в България, с изключение на няколко редки и малко известни вида - Brachyta balcanicus (Hampe), Paracorymbia pallens (Brullé), Pedostrangalia verticalis (Germar), Neodorcadion exornatum (Frivalsky) и Phytoecia molybdaena (Dalman).
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Chrysomelidae
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Zoogeographical study on the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Blagoy GRUEV
Gruev B. 2004. Zoogeographical study on the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 439-452. Abstract. A zoogeographical analysis of the leaf beetles of the subfamilies Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) is presented. According to the zoogeographical typification of the species in Bulgaria, stated in previous works of the author, the taxa in the Eastern Rhodopes belong to subdivisions (elements and sub-elements) of 4 faunistic complexes: Siberian, European, Mediterranean and Southwestasiatic. Two Balkan endemics are also pointed out. Key words: Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera, zoogeography, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction A previous work (GRUEV, 2002) offered a faunistic list of all the taxa (150) of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae, established in the Eastern Rhodopes by that time (along with data on their distribution in the studied area). The list was followed by a short enumeration of the faunistic complexes. In addition, some more reasonings to the zoogeography of the group are given herein.
List of taxa Eumolpinae Eumolpus asclepiadeus (Pallas, 1776) S\EAP\SibE Macrocoma rubripes balcanica (Apfelbeck, 1912) (GRUEV, 1992). End\BEnd
440
B. GRUEV Pachnephorus villosus (Duftschmid, 1825) E\SbM\HSbM
Chrysomelinae Chrysolina alternans (Panzer, 1799) E\SbM\ESbM Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) S\EAP\SibE Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799) E\ME Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kuester, 1845) E\ME Chrysolina haemoptera (Linnaeus, 1758) E\ME Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) S\EAP\SSibE Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771) E\ME Chrysolina limbata (Fabricius, 1775) S\EAP\SibE Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Chrysolina salviae (Germar, 1824) E\SbM\HSbM Chrysolina vernalis ottomana (Weise, 1906) SWAS\SbIn\AsM Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 S\EAP\HPal Chrysomela saliceti (Weise, 1884) S\EAP\TrPal
Chrysomelidae Chrysomela vigintipunctata (Scopoli, 1763) S\EAP\TrPal Colaphus sophiae (Schaller, 1783) E\ME Entomoscelis adonidis (Pallas, 1771). S\EAP\SibE Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\HPal Gonioctena fornicata (Brueggemann, 1873) E\SbM\HSbM Hydrothassa f lavocincta (Brullé, 1832) E\SbM\ESbM Hydrothassa glabra (Herbst, 1783) S\EAP\SibE Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) Introduced. Phaedon armoraciae (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Phaedon cochleariae (Fabricius, 1792) S\EAP\TrPal Phaedon laevigatus (Duftschmid, 1825) E\ME Phratora laticollis (Suffrian, 1851) S\EAP\TrPal Phratora vitellinae (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting, 1781) S\EAP\HPal Prasocuris junci (Brahm, 1790) E\ME
441
442
B. GRUEV Timarcha tenebricosa (Fabricius, 1775) E\ME
Alticinae Aeschrocnemis rhodopensis (Gruev, 1973) SWAS\SbIn\AsM Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville, 1858 S\EAP\SibE Altica jarmilae Kral, 1979 E\SbM\ESbM Altica lythri Aubé, 1843 E\ME Altica oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Altica palustris (Weise, 1888) ?E\ME Altica quercetorum Foudras, 1860 E\ME Altica tamaricis Schrank, 1785 S\EAP\TrPal Aphthona euphorbiae (Schrank, 1781) S\EAP\SibE Aphthona f lava Guillebeau, 1894 E\ME Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal, 1808) S\EAP\SibE Aphthona nigriceps (Redtenbacher, 1842) E\SbM\HSbM Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras, 1860 S\EAP\SibE Aphthona nonstriata (Goeze, 1777) E\ME
Chrysomelidae Aphthona parnassicola Heikertinger, 1944 End\BEnd Aphthona pygmaea Kutschera, 1861 E\ME Aphthona venustula Kutschera, 1861 E\ME Chaetocnema arenacea (Allard, 1860) E\SbM\HSbM Chaetocnema arida Foudras, 1860 E\ME Chaetocnema aridula (Gyllenhal, 1827) S\EAP\HPal Chaetocnema breviuscula (Faldermann, 1837) S\EAP\TrPal Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802) S\EAP\HPal Chaetocnema conducta (Motschulsky, 1838) SWAS\SbIn\InTn Chaetocnema coyei (Allard, 1863) E\SbM\ESbM Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy, 1886) S\EAP\HPal Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger, 1912 SWAS\SbIn\InTn Chaetocnema procerula (Rosenhauer, 1856) E\ME Chaetocnema scheff leri (Kutschera, 1864 E\SbM\HSbM Chaetocnema semicoerulea (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\SibE
443
444
B. GRUEV Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807) S\EAP\SibE Crepidodera aurata (Marsham, 1802) S\EAP\HPal Crepidodera aurea (Geoffroy, 1785) S\EAP\SibE Crepidodera lamina (Bedel, 1901) E\ME Crepidodera plutus (Latreille, 1804) S\EAP\TrPal Derocrepis rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\SibE Dibolia cryptocephala (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\SibE Dibolia occultans (Koch, 1803) E\ME Dibolia schillingii Letzner, 1846 E\ME Dibolia timida (Illiger, 1807) E\ME Epitrix atropae Foudras, 1860 E\ME Epitrix intermedia Foudras, 1860 E\ME Еpitrix pubescens (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\SibE Hippuriphila modeeri (Linnaeus, 1761) S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus aeneicollis (Faldermann, 1837) E\ME
Chrysomelidae Longitarsus albineus (Foudras, 1860) SWAS\SbIn\InTn Longitarsus anchusae (Paykull, 1799) S\EAP\SibE Longitarsus ballotae (Marsham, 1802) S\EAP\SSibE Longitarsus bertii Leonardi, 1973 E\ME Longitarsus bulgaricus Gruev, 1973 E\SbM\ESbM Longitarsus corynthius (Reiche, 1858) M\EM Longitarsus exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) E\ME Longitarsus foudrasi Weise, 1893 S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus juncicola (Foudras, 1860) E\SbM\HSbM Longitarsus lewisii (Baly, 1874) S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus linnaei (Diftschmid, 1825) E\ME Longitarsus longipennis Kutschera, 1863 S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus lycopi (Foudras, 1860) E\ME Longitarsus melanocephalus (De Geer, 1775) S\EAP\TrPal
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B. GRUEV Longitarsus nasturtii (Fabricius, 1792) S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsus niger (Koch, 1803) E\ME Longitarsus nigrofasciatus (Goeze, 1777) S\EAP\SibE Longitarsus obliteratus (Rosenhauer, 1847) E\ME Longitarsus ochroleucus (Marsham, 1802) E\ME Longitarsaus parvulus (Paykull, 1799) S\EAP\SibE Longitarsus pellucidus (Foudras, 1860) S\EAP\SibE Longitarsus pratensis (Panzer, 1794) E\ME Longitarsus salviae Gruev, 1975 E\ME Longitarsus scutellaris (Rey, 1873) S\EAP\SibE Longitarsus strigicollis Wollaston, 1864 E\SbM\HSbM Longitarsus succineus (Foudras, 1860) S\EAP\HPal Longitarsus suturellus (Duftschmid, 1825) S\EAP\TrPal Longitarsaus tabidus (Fabricius, 1775) S\EAP\SibE Mantura obtusata (Gyllenhal, 1813) E\ME
Chrysomelidae Mantura rustica (Linnaeus, 1766) S\EAP\TrPal Neocrepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli, 1763) E\ME Neocrepidodera transversa (Marsham, 1802) E\ME Ochrosis vernalis (Illiger, 1807) E\ME Phyllotreta astrachanica Lopatin, 1977 E\ME Phyllotreta atra (Fabricius, 1775) S\EAP\HPal Phyllotreta balcanica Heikertinger, 1909 SWAS\SbIn\InTn Phyllotreta corrugata Reiche, 1858 SWAS\SbIn\InTn Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze, 1777) S\EAP\SibE Phyllotreta diademata (Foudras, 1860) S\EAP\SibE Phyllotreta nemorum (Linnaeus, 1758) S\EAP\TrPal Phyllotreta nigripes (Fabricius, 1775) E\ME Phyllotreta vilis Weise, 1888 E\SbM\ESbM Phylltreta vittula (Redtenbacher, 1849) S\EAP\TrPal Podagrica fuscicornis (Linnaeus, 1766) E\ME
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B. GRUEV Podagrica malvae (Illiger, 1807) E\ME Podagrica menetriesi (Faldermann, 1837) SWAS\SbIn\InTn Psylliodes affinis (Paykull, 1799) S\EAP\SibE Psylliodes attenuatus (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\TrPal Psylliodes chalcomerus (Illiger, 1807) S\EAP\HPal Psylliodes chrysocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) E\ME Psylliodes circumdatus (Redtenbacher, 1842) E\ME Psylliodes cupreus (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\SibE Psylliodes dulcamarae (Koch, 1803) S\EAP\SibE Psylliodes instabilis Foudras, 1860 E\ME Psylliodes kiesenwetteri Kutschera, 1864 E\SbM\ESbM Psylliodes napi (Fabricius, 1792) S\EAP\HPal Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) E\ME
Hispinae Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767 S\EAP\SibE
Chrysomelidae Cassidinae Cassida inquinata Brullé, 1832 E\ME Cassida margaritacea Schaller, 1783 S\EAP\SibE Cassida murraea Linnaeus, 1767 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida pannonica Suffrian, 1844 SWAs\SbIn Cassida prasina Illiger, 1798 S\EAP\SibE Cassida rubiginosa Mueller, 1776 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida sanguinolenta Mueller, 1776 S\EAP\HPal Cassida seladonia Suffrian, 1844 E\ME Cassida subferruginea Schrank, 1776 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida subreticulata Suffrian, 1844 S\EAP\SibE Cassida vibex Linnaeus, 1767 S\EAP\TrPal Cassida viridis Linnaeus, 1758 S\EAP\HPal
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B. GRUEV Biogeographical features of the fauna
The principles of the zoogeographical typification have been worked out in details by GRUEV (1988, 1990, 2000), GRUEV & КUZMANOV (1994, 1999), GRUEV (1995, 2002) and GRUEV & BECHEV (2000). The zoogeographical belonging of each leaf beetle taxon in the Eastern Rhodopes is indicated within the list above as follows: I. S - Siberian complex 1. EAP - Euroasiatic Palearctic element a. SibE - Siberoeuropean subelement b. SSibE - Southsiberoeuropean subelement c. TrPal - Transpalearctic subelement d. HPal - Holopalearctic subelement II. E - European complex 1. ME - Mideuropean element 2. SbM - Submediterranean element a. HSbM - Holosubmediterranean subelement b. ESbM - Eastsubmediterranean subelement III. M - Mediterranean complex 1. EM - Eastmediterranean element IV. SWAS - Southwestasiatic complex 1. SbIn - Subiranian element. a. InTn - Iranoturanian subelement b. AsM - Asia Minor subelement V. End - Endemics 1. BEnd - Balkan endemic
Biogeographically the Eastern Rhodopes belong to the Eastrhodopean subregion of the South Bulgarian biogeographical region (GRUEV & КUZMANOV, 1994, 1999). The relief of the studied area is hilly, with an average height of about 330 m a. s. l. The Submediterranean climate, the relief and the geological and palaeogeographical history determine the presence of thermophilous plants like Fagus orientalis, Carpinus orientalis, Phyllirea latifolia, Juniperus oxycedrus, J. excelsa, Pisacia terebinthus, Rubus sanguineus, Asparagus acutifolius, Osiris alba. In the eastern parts (by Ivaylovgrad, village Mandritsa and village Belopolyane) a characteristic plant association of Mediterranean type is pseudomacchia. Some of the leaf beetles, such as the Submediterranean, Mediterranean and Subiranian ones, are also warm-loving. In spite of the mentioned Submediterranean conditions, the dominant faunistic complex of leaf beetles here is the Siberian with its 75 taxa (Siberoeuropean - 30, Southsibe-
Chrysomelidae
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roeuropean - 2, Transpalearctic - 30, Holopalearctic - 13), distributed southwards to the Mediterranean. Moreover, the Siberian complex dominates all the biogeographical regions of Bulgaria (GRUEV & BECHEV, 2000). The second most numerous group is the European complex with 61 taxa. Forty-six of them are Mideuropean, with high ecological valency. The remaining 15 are thermophilous Submediterranean forms (Holosubmediterranean - 8, Eastsubmediterranean - 7). Nine taxa of the Southwestasiatic complex (Iranoturanian - 7, Asia Minor - 2) are migrants from the East. In Bulgaria they are distributed in warm places, as well as the Submediterranean species, the Eastmediterranean Longitarsus corynthius and both Balkan endemics Macrocoma rubripes balcanica and Aphthona parnassicola. Some species (Chrysolina herbacea, Ch. marginata, Phaedon armoraciae, Prasocuris junci, Aeschrocnemis rhodopensis, Altica carduorum, Aphthona flava, A. nigriscutis, Chaetocnema aridula, Ch. Concinna, Epitrix intermedia, Longitarsus scutellaris, L. tabidus, Phyllotreta diademata, Cassida sanguinolenta, C. viridis) are treated here as belonging to different zoogeographical types (in comparison with those in GRUEV & BECHEV, 2000) after new data was found out about them. Altica palustris (with uncleared zoogeographical belonging) and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (introduced from America) are excluded from the zoogeographical review.
References GRUEV B. 1988. Check-list and zoogeography of Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Bulgarian Black Sea side. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biol., 26 (6): 79-134 (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). GRUEV B. 1990. Mountain leaf beetles of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biol., 28 (6): 27-61. GRUEV B. 2000. About the Atlantic faunistic element in Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biol., 36 (6): 73-94. GRUEV B. 2002. The leaf beetles of Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae in the East Rodopi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 38 (6): 35-48. GRUEV B., BECHEV D. 2000. Zoogeographical belongings of the leaf beetle species of Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae and Cassidinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and their distribution in the biogeographical regions of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 36 (6): 5-34 (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). GRUEV B., КUZMANOV B. 1994. [General biogeography]. Univ. Publ. House “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, 498 pp. (In Bulgarian). GRUEV B., КUZMANOV B. 1999. [General biogeography]. Plovdiv Univ. Press, Plovdiv, 344 pp. (In Bulgarian). GRUEV B. 1995. About the Mediterranean faunistic complex in Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., Zool., 1: 86-75, 75-82. GRUEV B. 2002. A comparative study on Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Balkan Peninsula and Asiatic Turkey. Causes of the similarities and the differences of the fauna. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 38 (6): 49-79.
Author’s address: Blagoy Gruev P.O. Box 289 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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B. GRUEV Зоогеографско проучване на листоядите от подсемействата Eumolpinae, Chrysomelinae, Alticinae, Hispinae и Cassidinae в Източните Родопи (България) Благой ГРУЕВ (Р е з ю м е)
Установените 150 вида и подвида в Източните Родопи са отнесени към 4 зоогеографски комплекса: сибирски (75), европейски (61), югозападноазиатски (9) и медитерански (1). Като балкански ендемити са посочени Macrocoma rubripes balcanica и Aphthona parnassicola. От зоогеографския преглед са изключени Altica palustris (с не достатъчно изяснена зоогеографска принадлежност) и Leptinotarsa decemlineata (интродуциран от Америка).
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Troglorrhynchus 453 Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Second species of the genus Troglorrhynchus F. Schmidt (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae) in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes
Borislav GUÉORGUIEV, Boyan PETROV
Guéorguiev B., Petrov B. 2004. Second species of the genus Troglorrhynchus F. Schmidt (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae) in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 453-462. Abstract. Four unknown populations of the genus Troglorrhynchus from the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes are recorded. Two of them are referred to Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp. n., type locality: Zandana Cave, Dolno Cherkovishte Village. The new species is described, illustrated, and distinguished from T. beroni. The other two samples concern the finding of the latter species in the region. For the first time a female representative of T. beroni is described too. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp. n., T. beroni, taxonomy, Bulgaria, Palearctic Region.
So far, two species of the genus Troglorrhynchus are known from Bulgaria (ANGELOV, 1985). T. gueorgievi has been described after a single male from the Yalovitsa Cave near Golyama Zhelyazna Village, Troyan District, Vasilyovska Planina Mt. It has a body size ca. 3.9 mm (not noted in the original description) and a big tooth on the inner side of the profemur. T. beroni has been found in the Inkaya Cave near Tsvyatovo Village, Djebel Region, Eastern Rhodopes (Fig. 1, localities 1-3). It has a length of 5.5 mm and on the inner side of the profemur there is no tooth. According to ANGELOV (1985), the first species is related to the Caucasian species of the genus, whereas the second one has characters close to the Slovenian T. anophthalmus and T. anophthalmoides, thus to some Caucasian species. Another endogeous weevil, Echinomorphus balcanicus Osella 1977, with a type locality “Backa” (probably Bachkovo), has also been described from Bulgaria (OSELLA, 1977). According to this author, the species of Echinomorphus Fauvel, 1889 are less adapted to endogeous life than some other related genera of Hylobiinae from the Mediterranean – Southwest Asian Region. The unremitting investigations of the cave fauna in the Bulgarian Rhodopes, carried out by the junior author in the last 10 years, brought about the discovery of four unknown populations of Troglorrhynchus in the eastern part of the mountain. Two of them belong to a new, third Bulgarian species of the genus (Fig. 1), and the other two are referred to T. beroni. Thus, the examination of the specimens from these localities is the
Karstic region of Krumovgrad
Fig. 1. Localities of the genus Troglorrhynchus in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes.
Karstic region of Ardino
T. angelovi sp. n. - Prilepnata peshtera cave
T. angelovi sp. n. - cave Zandana (loc. typ.)
T. beroni - cave Karaguk
T. beroni - cave Hasarskata peshtera
T. beroni - cave In-kaya (loc. typ.)
454 B. GUÉORGIEV, B. PETROV
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Troglorrhynchus 455 subject of this article. The material of all samples is kept in the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS).
Troglorrhynchus angelovi B. Guéorguiev sp. n. (Figs. 1-9) Type material and type locality. Holotype: 1 †, Zandana Cave, Dolno Cherkovishte Village, Madjarovo Region, Eastern Rhodopes, 11.4.2002, under stones on dry sand, B. Petrov & T. Ivanova leg. Paratypes: 2 ††, 4 ‡‡, same date as holotype. Further material and locality. Paratype female, Gyurgen Dere Valley, at the entrance of the Prilepnata Peshtera Cave, Madjarovo Region, Eastern Rhodopes, 9.2.1998, oak leaf litter, B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov leg. Differential diagnosis. See Table 1. Description Total length: 4.2-5.2 mm (average 4.7 mm; 4.9 mm in holotype). Body - parallel, finely pubescent, tegument - slightly pigmented and lustrous, colour nuances - rusty red, microsculpture - indistinct. Head and rostrum from above , with less expressed furrow in the middle (Fig. 2), from below and laterally between mouth parts and head - brush-like setation; eyes entirely missing; antennomere I as long as (in males) or only a bit shorter (in females) than length of pronotum. Pronotum as long as wide, broadest in the middle; forward and on disc more sparsely punctuated, laterally and backward denser punctuated. Legs - slender, densely and finely pubescent; femori broadened in the distal third (Fig. 3), without tooth on the inner side; metatibia in both sexes almost straight, the inner side in males provided with 3 big thorns (Fig. 4). Elytrae seriate, strongly elongate, more than twice as long as wide, with rounded apex, and coalesced along suture; shoulders - indistinct; scutellum - present. Ventral surface - shiny and finely pubescent. External sexual dimorphism. Male specimens with posterior central part of abdominal sternum I subconcave, with a semicircle turned to sternum II; metatibiae inside with 3 pointed thorns, excluding apical one (Fig. 4). Female specimens with the
Table 1 Some diagnostic characters in T. angelovi sp. n. and T. beroni Angelov Diagnostic character
T. angelovi sp. n.
T. beroni
Body size General view of head with rostrum Frontal furrow on head Size and thickness of scrobes Shape of metafemor in distal third Number and shape of teeth on male metatibia inside (incl. apical tooth) Median lobe Spiculum gastrale Spermatheca Spiculum ventrale
4.2-5.2 mm (average 4.7) Gracile (Fig. 2) Superficial (Fig. 2) Smaller and fine (Fig. 2) Less protuberant (Fig. 3) 4 small, fine and pointed at the tip (Fig. 4) Fig. 5 Figs. 6a-b Fig. 8 Fig. 9
5.4-5.5 mm (average 5.45) Robust (Fig. 10) Distinct (Fig. 10) Larger and thicker (Fig. 10) More protuberant (Fig. 11) 6-7 large, rough and rounded at the tip (Fig. 12) Fig. 13 Figs. 14a-b Fig. 15 Fig. 16
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0,3 mm
0,5 mm
0,3 mm
2
3
4
0,1 mm 0,1 mm 0,2 mm
5
6a
6b
Fig. 2-6. Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp. n., holotype. 2: head, dorsal view; 3: right metafemor, ventral view; 4: right metatibia, ventral view; 5: median lobe, lateral view; 6a: spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 6b: spiculum gastrale, lateral view.
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Troglorrhynchus 457 posterior part of abdominal sternum I even and lacking a semicircle turned to sternum II; metatibiae inside without thorns, excluding the apical one (Fig. 7). Inner morphology. Median lobe somewhat resembling that of T. beroni (Fig. 5). Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 6a-b), compared with that of the last taxon, with rounded extremities of basal lobes and strongly curved laterally. Spermateca with clear outlined foramen ducti (Fig. 8). Spiculum ventrale (sternum VIII) thin, with parallel sides distally, bilobate proximally, each lobe with 13-15 visible setae (Fig. 9). Etymology. The specific epithet of the new taxon follows the latinized family name of the notable Bulgarian weevil specialist – Prof. Dr. Pavel Angelov (Plovdiv University “Paisiy Hilendarski”).
0,1 mm
7 0,2 mm
0,1 mm
8
9
Fig. 7-9. Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp. n., female paratype, Zandana Cave. 7: right metatibia, ventral view; 8: spermatheca; 9: spiculum ventrale.
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Co-habitants: The population from the Zandana Cave lives together with some other troglobious and troglophilous arthropods: the pseudoscorpions Roncus sp. and Chthonius sp. (second author, unpublished data); the beetles Trechus (Trechus) crucifer La Brûlerie, 1875, Duvalius (Paraduvalius) sp. (Guéorguiev, in press), as well as Bureschiana cf. drenskii Guéorguiev, 1963 (Guéorguiev, 2004).
Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, 1985 (Figs. 1, 10-16) Material and locality. 1 †, Hasarskata Peshtera Cave, Gorna Snejinka Village, Kardjali Region, Eastern Rhodopes, under a stone on dry clay, 3.8.1999, B. Petrov & V. Beshkov leg. 2 ††, 1 ‡, Karaguk Cave, Turnovtsi Village, Djebel Region, Eastern Rhodopes, under stones, 22.10.2003, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. External morphology. Total length, including also holotype data (cfr. Angelov, 1985): 5.4-5.5 mm (average 5.45 mm). Head and rostrum with well expressed furrow in the middle (Fig. 10). Ventral aspect of the right metafemor on Fig. 11. Inner side of male metatibia provided with 3 big thorns in the middle (Fig. 12). Inner morphology. Median lobe in a lateral aspect on Fig. 13. Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 14a-b), shorter, with more pointed extremities of basal lobes and almost straight laterally, if compared with that of T. angelovi sp.n. Spermateca (Fig. 15). Spiculum ventrale (Fig. 16) also distinctly different from those of the new species.
Discussion The localities of both Troglorrhynchus species studied are situated in isolated karstic areas, as described by POPOV (1982) and KOLEV (1991). Thus, T. beroni inhabits the Ardino karstic region, and T. angelovi sp. n. - the Krumovgrad karstic region. As far as each of these regions consists of small-sized limestone spots, occurrence of both species seems to be allopatric for the present (Fig. 1). Geographic isolation could explain the morphological differences between both related endogenous species. These morphological differences ascertained the presumed formation of T. beroni and T. angelovi sp. n. as the result of local isolation of conspecific populations and their subsequent divergence, probably in the Pleistocene. In the majority of cases, many soil-dwelling invertebrates are know only from caves simply because their underground environment is amongst the few accessible to man. Considering their morphology and occurrence patterns, none of the weevil species (Curculionidae) was therefore recognized as troglobitic, even though they were found exclusively in cave environment: “The soil and cave colonization has been certainly supported by high hygrophily and by rhizophagous or xylophagous diet.” and “the caves act as traps” (Osella & Zuppa, 1994). The hygrophilic affinity of the new species is supported by the field data. It was discovered in Gyurgen Dere Valley, at the entrance of the Prilepnata Peshtera Cave, in wet oak litter during the winter (9.2.1998), when humidity of the soil reaches its highest values. During none of the earlier or subsequent spring or summer visits were we able to collect any weevil, though the litter at the entrance was continuously
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Troglorrhynchus 459
0,3 mm
0,5 mm
0,3 mm
10
11
0,2 mm
0,1 mm
13
14a
12
0,1 mm
14b
Fig. 10-14. Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, male, Hasarskata Peshtera Cave. 10: head, dorsal view; 11: right metafemor, ventral view; 12: right metatibia, ventral view; 13: median lobe, lateral view; 14a: spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 14b: spiculum gastrale, lateral view.
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0,1 mm
15
0,2 mm
16
Fig. 15-16. Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, female, Karaguk Cave. 15: spermatheca; 16: spiculum ventrale. sifted. We could suppose that like the other Troglorrhynchus-species, the ectophytic larvae and the adults of the two species from the Rhodopes are rhizophagous on broad leaves (cf. OSELLA & ZUPPA, 1994). Nevertheless, none of the collected specimens were found directly on tree roots or other plant debris from the shallow soil stratum, though they were carefully examined during the sampling. For a long period of time, only three arthropods had been known from the caves in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes (BERON, 1994), e.g. Centromerus milleri Deltshev, 1974 (Araneae), Bureschiana drenskii Guéorguiev, 1963 (Leiodidae), and Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, 1985 (Curculionidae), all of them local endemics for the region.
Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Troglorrhynchus 461 After intensive field researches were carried out in the last 10 years, six other species of this kind were discovered as new for the science or were proved to be new for the regional fauna. These are: Roncus sp. and Chthonius sp. (second author, unpublished data) (Pseudoscorpiones), Balkanopetalum petrovi Stoev & Enghoff, 2003 (STOEV & ENGHOFF, 2003) (Diplopoda), Duvalius (Paraduvalius) sp. (GUÉORGUIEV, in press) (Carabidae), Bureschiana thracica Giachino, 1989 (GUÉORGUIEV, 2004) (Leiodidae), Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp.n. (Curculionidae). Out of this number, two other beetle species live in the Greek part of the mountain - Pterostichus (Cryobius) sp. ex. gr. “brevis” (first author, unpublished data) (Carabidae) and Maroniella beroni Casale & Giachino, 1985 (Leiodidae). All these species, excluding only the undescribed Pterostichus sp., could be regarded as associated with the limestone habitats.
Acknowledgements The authors thank the people (mentioned in the text) who logistically helped to collect the material involved in this study. Dr. P. Beron (NMNHS) kindly provided some literature sources.
References ANGELOV P. 1985. Zwei neue Troglorhynchus-Arten aus Bulgarien (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). – Reichenbachia, 23: 73-76. BARR, T. 1985. Speciation in cave faunas. – Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 16: 313-337. BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. – Tranteeva, 1: 137 pp. GUÉORGUIEV B. In press-a. Contribution to the Bulgarian ground beetles fauna. 4. Two new species from Duvalius (Paraduvalius) and notes on the other species of the subgenus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). – Atti del Museo Civieo di Storia Naturale di Trieste. GUÉORGUIEV B. 2004. Аdephagous and some staphyliniform beetles from the Eastern Rhodopes (Insecta: Coleoptera). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 379-411. KOLEV B. 1991. The karstic caves in the Eastern Rhodopes. – Bulgarian Speleology, 3: 63-69. (In Bulgarian). OSELLA G. 1977. Contributo alla conoscenza della curculionidofauna endogea dell’Iran settentrionale. 14. Contributo alla conoscenza della curculionidofauna endogea. – Revue suisse Zool., 84 (1): 145-171. OSELLA G., ZUPPA A. 1994. Coleoptera Curculionoidea. - In: Juberthie C., Decu V. (eds). Encyclopaedia biospeologica. Soc. Biospéol., Moulis – Bucarest, 2: 1123-1130. POPOV V. 1982. Trip to the underground. – Nauka i izkustvo, Sofia, 152 pp. (In Bulgarian). STOEV P., H. ENGHOFF. 2003. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of genus Balkanopetalum Verhoeff, 1926 (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). – Zootaxa, 272: 1-26.
Authors’ addresses: Borislav Gueorguiev, Boyan Petrov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected]
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B. GUÉORGIEV, B. PETROV Втори вид на род Troglorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae) от българските Източни Родопи Борислав ГЕОРГИЕВ, Боян ПЕТРОВ (Р е з ю м е)
Дискутирани са четири популации на род Troglorrhynchus от българската част на Източните Родопи. Две от тях са определени като Troglorrhynchus angelovi sp. n. Новият вид (типово находище: пещера Зандана, с. Долно Черковище) е описан, илюстриран и сравнен с близкия T. beroni. Останалите две находки са нови за Troglorrhynchus beroni и включват намиране на женски екземпляр, който е описан за първи път.
Braconidae
463
Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Checklist of the braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Nikolai BALEVSKI
Balevski N. 2004. Checklist of the braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 463-488. Abstract. A faunistic checklist of the braconid fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), based on the material collected in the period 1975-1979 from 36 localities in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes by the Bulgarian entomologist Dr. Angel Zaykov, is given. The checklist contains 284 species of the family Braconidae, which belong to 82 genera and 28 subfamilies (7 ectoparasitoids and 21 endoparasitoids). Key words: Braconidae, Hymenoptera, faunistics, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction The Braconid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria was poorly know until the publishing of the first list in 1977 (ZAYKOV, 1977). In that paper 17 Braconid species from 11 genera and 7 subfamilies are listed. A second list was presented in 1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978), adding 24 new species bеlonging to 19 genera and 11 subfamilies. In 1979, a detailed faunistic checklist was published with 111 new Braconid species of 51 genera and 17 subfamilies (ZAYKOV, 1979a, 1979b, 1979c). After that, many new species were published, so the number of the known species reached 284 species belonging to 82 genera and 28 subfamilies of the family Braconidae. This paper gives the collection localities, their altitude in meters and faunistic data on almost all species. The name of the author who has published the species is given for every species.
List of species Agathidinae Agathis anglica Marshall, 1885 Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 24.7.1975, 6.7.1976; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 19.6.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977; Ivaylovgrad, 300 m, 19.5.1978; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Re-
464
N. BALEVSKI
gion, 800 m, 21.5.1978; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.5.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis assimilis Kokujev, 1895 Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.51977; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.5.1977; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600 m, 19.6.1976; Valche Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 17.5.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis breviseta Nees, 1814 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.5.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Localities: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 22.8.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.9.1975; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1977; Valche Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 13.7.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis griseifrons Thomson, 1895 Locality: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.8.1975 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis malvacearum (Latreille, 1805) Localities: Kardjali, 230 m, 12.7.1975, 12.8.1975; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 4.7.1975; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 24.6.1975; Nikolovo Village, Khaskovo Region, 400 m, 14.8.1975, 16.8.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.6.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis melpomene Nixon, 1986 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.6.1975 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis montana Shestakov, 1932 Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 22.5.1974 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis nigra Nees, 1814 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 21.6.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.7.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis rufipalpis Nees, 1814 Localities: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 2.6.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 18.6.1975; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1977; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 19.6.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999.
Braconidae
465
Agathis semiaciculata Ivanov, 1899 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 24.6.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.6.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis umbellatorum Nees, 1914 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 29.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978); Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.6.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 22.5.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Agathis varipes Thomson, 1895 Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 18.8.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.8.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1999). Bassus dimidiator (Nees, 1834) (= Microdus dimidiator Nees, 1834 auct.) Localities: Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.6.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.5.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus linguarius (Nees, 1814) (= Microdus linguarius Nees, 1814 auct.) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.4.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus nugax (Reinhard, 1867) (= Microdus nugas Reinhard, 1867 auct.) Locality: Malko Gradishte Village, Svilengrad Region, 150 m, 27.8.1975 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus rufipes (Nees, 1814) (= Microdus rufipes Nees, 1814 auct.) Locality: Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 15.6.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus sculptilis (Tobias, 1986) (= Microdus sculptilis Tobias, 1986 auct.) Locality: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1977 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus tegularis (Thomson, 1895) (= Microdus tegularis Thomson, 1895 auct.) Localities: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 23.8.1975; Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 6.10.1975; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 26.5.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.7.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.8.1978 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Bassus tumidulus (Nees, 1814) (= Microdus tumidulus Nees, 1814 auct.) Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 18.8.1975; Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 6.10.1975; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 18.5.1976, 22.9.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 18.7.1976; Nikolovo, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.7.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992).
466
N. BALEVSKI
Bassus zaykovi (Nixon, 1986) (= Microdus zaykovi Nixon, 1986) Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 24.7.1975; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 16.7.1976, 10.6.1977; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.8.1976, 19.8.1976 (SIMBOLOTTI & ACHTERBERG, 1992). Disophrys caesia (Klug, 1835) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 23.8.1976 (Zaykov, 1978). Disophrys inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Earinus gloratorius (Panzer, 1809) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 25.8.1975 (Zaykov, 1980a). Alysiinae Alysia curata Fischer & Zaykov, 1982 Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 22.5.1977 (FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1982). Alysia lucicola Haliday, 1838 Locality: Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600 m, 27.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Alysia rufidens Nees, 1834 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 15.4.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia rudis Tobias, 1962 Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 22.5.1977 (FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1982). Alysia sophia Haliday, 1838 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 16.6.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Alysia tipulae (Scopoli, 1763) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 16.6.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 18.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Angelovia elipsocubitalis Zaykov, 1980 (= Paraxeron furadius Fischer & Zaykov, 1982) Localities: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 29.4.1976 (Zaykov, 1980b); Valcho Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 17.5.1978 (FISCHER & ZAYKOV, 1982). Aphaereta minuta (Nees, 1812) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1979a). Aphaereta tenuicornis Nixon, 1938 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Braconidae
467
Aspilota nitidula Masi, 1933 (= Synaldis nitidula (Masi, 1933)) Localities: Meden Buk, Krumovgrad Region, 400 m, 17.4.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Chorebus griffithsi Zaykov, 1983 Localities: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 24.4.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 27.4.1977; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 600 m, 1.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1984b). Dacnusa pubescens (Curtis, 1826) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1986). Dinotrema concinum (Haliday, 1838) (= Aspilota concina Haliday, 1838 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Idiasta paramaritima Konigsmann, 1960 Localities: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma breviradiale Konigsmann, 1960 Localities: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.4.1977; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma cratospilum (Thomson, 1895) Locality: Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma laticeps (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma maculipes (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Orthostigma pseudolaticeps Konigsmann, 1969 Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 19.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1981) Orthostigma pumilum (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Pentapleura fuliginosa (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa eugenia (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 6.7.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1979a).
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N. BALEVSKI
Phaenocarpa pullata (Haliday, 1838) Localities: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 28.4.1975; Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 26.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1981). Phaenocarpa subalata Zaykov & Fischer, 1982 Locality: Harmanli, 400 m, 20.4.1969 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1982). Trachionus hians (Nees, 1816) (= Symphya hians Nees, 1816 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1982). Trachionus mandibularis Nees, 1814 (= Symphya mandibularis (Nees, 1814) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1982). Trachionus pappi (Zaykov, 1982) (= Symphya pappi Zaykov, 1982) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1982). Blacinae Blacus (Blacus) bovistae Haeselbarth, 1973 Locality: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Blacus (Ganychorus) armatulus Ruthe, 1861 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Blacus (Ganychorus) ruficornis (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Blacus (Ganychorus) tripudians Haliday, 1835 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Braconinae Atanycolus denigrator (Linnaeus, 1758) Locality: Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Bracon (Bracon) fulvipes Nees, 1834 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Bracon) intercessor Nees, 1834 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Bracon) leptus Marshal, 1896 Localities: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 7.8.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.10.1976; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600 m, 19.6.1977; Garvanovo Village, Haskovo Region, 250 m, 26.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a).
Braconidae
469
Bracon (Bracon) longicollis Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Bracon (Bracon) luteator Spinolla, 1808 (= B. nigripedator Nees, 1834) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.6.1975; Malko gradishte Village, Svilengrad Region, 150 m, 24.8.1975; Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Bracon (Bracon) mariae Dalla – Torre, 1898 (= B. semif lavus Tomson, 1892) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Bracon) minutator Fabricius, 1798 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Bracon) trucidator Marshall, 1888 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Cyanopterobracon) sabulosus Szepligeti, 1896 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Glabrobracon) atrator Nees, 1834 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Glabrobracon) delibator Haliday, 1833 (= B. anthracinus Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Glabrobracon) piger Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Glabrobracon) variator Nees, 1812 (= B. maculiger Wesmael, 1838) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Lucobracon) eraticus Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Lucobracon) fortipes Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.6.1976; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 600 m, 6.7.1976; Malko Gradishte Village, Svilengrad Region, 150 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Bracon (Lucobracon) hungaricus (Szepligeti, 1896) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
470
N. BALEVSKI Bracon (Lucobracon) nigriventris Wesmael, 1838 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Bracon (Rostrobracon) urinator (Fabricius, 1804) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Ceratobracon stshegolevi (Telenga, 1933) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Glyptomorpha discolor (Thunberg, 1822) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Glyptomorpha intermedia Szepligeti, 1901 Locality: Gorno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 350 m, 13.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978) Glyptomorpha pectoralis Brulle, 1846 (= Glyptomorpha desertor (Fabricius, 1775) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Habrobracon nigricans Szepligeti, 1901 Localitis: Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1976; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 12.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a) Habrobracon variegator Spinola, 1808 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Pseudovipio castrator (Fabricius, 1796) (= Glabriolum castrator (Fabricius, 1796) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Pseudovipio inscriptor (Nees, 1834) (= Glabriolum inscriptor Nees, 1834 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Zavipio appellator (Nees, 1834) (= Vipio appellator (Nees, 1834) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Zavipio contractor (Nees, 1834) (=Vipio contractor (Nees, 1834) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Zavipio frivaldskyi (Szepligeti, 1896) (= Vipio frivaldskyi (Szepligeti, 1896) auct.) Localities: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 20.6.1976, 15.7.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.7.1976; Valcho Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 13.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977).
Braconidae
471
Zavipio intermedius (Szepligeti, 1896) (= Vipio intermedius (Szepligeti, 1896) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Zavipio nominator (Fabricius, 1787) (= Vipio nominator (Fabricius, 1787) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Zavipio terrefactor (Villers, 1779) (= Vipio terrefactor (Villers, 1779) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Cardiochilinae Cardiochilis saltator (Fabricius, 1781) Localities: Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.6.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Cenocoeliinae Cenocoelius analis (Nees, 1834) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Charmontinae Charmon extensor (Linnaeus, 1758) Locality: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 9.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Cheloninae Ascogaster armatus Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Ascogaster bicarinatus (Herrich – Schafer, 1838) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Ascogaster bidentula Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Borislavtsi Village, Svilengrad Region, 210 m, 30.5.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Ascogaster excisa (Herrich – Schafer, 1838) Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 24.7.1975, 6.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Ascogaster varipes Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 12.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Chelonus annulipes Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
472
N. BALEVSKI Chelonus caradrinae Kokoujev, 1914 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Chelonus corvulus Marshall, 1885 Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 24.8.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Chelonus f lavonaevulus Abdinbekova, 1971 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.7.1976, 19.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Chelonus macrocerus Thomson, 1874 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.7.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Chelonus oculator (Panzer, 1779) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Chelonus submuticus Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 6.8.1975; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 21.6.1976; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 14.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Microchelonus alboannulatus (Szepligeti, 1896) (= Chelonus alboanulatus Szepligeti, 1896) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Microchelonus atripes (Thomson, 1874) (= Chelonus atripes Thomson, 1874) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 15.8.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Microchelonus contractus Nees, 1816 (= Chelonus contractus (Nees, 1816) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microchelonus exilis (Marshal, 1885) (= Chelonus exilis Marshal, 1885) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microchelonus microphtalmus (Wesmael, 1835) (= Chelonus microphtalma Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microchelonus mucronatus (Thomson, 1874) (= Chelonus mucronatus Thomson, 1874) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 21.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Microchelonus retusus Nees, 1816 (= Chelonus retusus (Nees, 1816) Localities: Borislavtsi Village, Svilengrad Region, 210 m, 29.4.1978; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 29.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1982).
Braconidae
473
Microchelonus rimatus (Szepligeti, 1896) (= Chelonus rimatus (Szepligeti, 1896) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microchelonus risorius (Reinhard, 1867) (= Chelonus risorius Reinhard, 1867) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 15.7.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Microchelonus rugicollis (Thomson, 1874) (= Chelonus rugicollis Thomson, 1874) Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 600 m, 24.6.1976, 6.7.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.8.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 18.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Microchelonus scabrosus (Szepligeti, 1896) (= Chelonus scabrosus Szepligeti, 1896) Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 26.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978) Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) atra Snoflak, 1951 Locality: Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600 m, 20.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) bilinea Lyle, 1924 (= Ph. gregori Snoflak, 1951) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) acuminata Szepligeti, 1908 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.7.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) dentata Panzer, 1805 (= Ph. minor Snoflak, 1951) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 22.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) ocularis Kohl, 1906 (= Ph. flavitestacea Fischer, 1959) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1982). Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) planifrons (Nees, 1816) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Phanerotomella rufa (Marshall, 1898) (= Ph - lla kerteszii Szepligeti, 1900) Locality: Valcho Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 13.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Doryctinae Doryctes leucogaster (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Doryctes mutillator (Thunberg, 1822) Locality: Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 350 m, 29.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Heterospilus caesus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 15.5.1976; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 200 m, 19.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a).
474
N. BALEVSKI Heterospilus testaceus Telenga, 1941 Locality: Komuniga Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 8.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Ontsira igneus (Ratzeburg, 1852) Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 28.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Ontsira imperator (Haliday, 1836) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Spatius brevicaudis Ratzeburg, 1844 Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 600 m, 16.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Spatius curvicaudis Ratzeburg, 1844 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Spatius rubidus (Rossi, 1794) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Village, 400 m, 18.8.1976; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 22.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Euphorinae Allurus lituratus (Haliday, 1835) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 2.6.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 18.6.1976; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 20.6.1976; Evren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Allurus muricatus (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 3.6.1975; Beli Plast Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 9.5.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.5.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 11.6.1976; Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1977; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.6.1977; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 19.6.1977; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600 m, 20.6.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes cuspidatus (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1975, 24.6.1976, 27.4.1977; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 28.4.1976, 19.5.1976, 30.5.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.5.1976, 19.5.1976, 27.5.1976, 2.6.1976, 16.6.1976, 30.6.1976, 13.8.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 19.5.1976; Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 20.5.1976, 25.6.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 29.4.1977; Chernoochene Village, Haskovo Region, 500 m, 22.5.1977; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 17.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Centistes edentatus (Haliday, 1835) (= Ancylocentrus edentatus (Haliday, 1835)) Localities: Petelovo villsge, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.5.1977; Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b).
Braconidae
475
Centistes fuscipes (Nees, 1835) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Dinocampus coccinelae (Schrank, 1802) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Leiophron pallipes Curtis, 1833 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Leiophron picipes Curtis, 1833 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Meteorus abdominator (Nees, 1812) Locality: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Meteorus abscissus Thomson, 1895 Locality: Kardjali, 230 m, 23.8.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Meteorus colon (Haliday, 1835) (= Meteorus luridis Ruthe, 1862 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Meteorus oculatus Ruthe, 1862 Locality: Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 21.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Meteorus rubens (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Meteorus salicorniae Schmiedeknecht, 1897 Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 24.6.1975 (HUDDLESTON, 1980). Meteorus tabidus (Wesmael, 1835) (= M. dubius Ruthe, 1862) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 5.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Perilitus rutilus (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Syntretus elegans (Ruthe, 1862) Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 21.5.1976; Shiroka polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 21.5.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b).
476
N. BALEVSKI Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe, 1856) Locality: Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 25.6.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Wesmaelia pendula Foerster, 1862 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Zele albiditarsus Curtis, 1832 (= Meteorus albiditarsus (Curtis, 1832) auct.) Localities: Chernoochene Village, Haskovo Region, 500 m, 23.4.1977; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 30.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Zele chlorophtalmus (Spinola, 1808) (= Meteorus chrysophtalma (Nees, 1812) auct.) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 23.6.1976, 20.7.1976; Pchelarovo Village, Haskovo Region, 460 m, 23.6.1976; Garvanovo Village, Haskovo Region, 250 m, 26.9.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Exothecinae Colastes braconius (Haliday, 1833) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Gnamptodontinae Gnamptodon decoris (Foerster, 1862) (= Gnamptodon bachmaieri Fischer, 1957) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Helconinae Aliolus semirugosus Nees, 1812 (= Allodorus semirugosus (Nees, 1812)) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Taphaeus affinis (Wesmael, 1835) (= Diospilus affinis Wesmael, 1835 auct.) Locality: Shiroka polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Diospilus capito (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Eubazus claviventris (Ruthe, 1867) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 16.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Eubazus fuscipalpis (Wesmael, 1835) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983a). Eubazus gallicus (Reinhard, 1867) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 22.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Eubazus ruficoxis (Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Braconidae
477
Eubazus talitzkii Tobias, 1976 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 27.4.1977; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 29.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983c). Foersteria laeviuscula Szepligeti, 1896 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 8.6.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Polydegmon sinuatus Foerster, 1862 Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 19.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Schizoprymnus ambiguust (Nees, 1816) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Schizoprymnus azerbajdzanicus Abdinbecova, 1967 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.4.1975; Kardjali, 230 m, 16.5.1978; Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.5.1978; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 17.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Schizoprymnus bidentulus (Szepligeti, 1901) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 8.6.1975; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 20.4.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 18.6.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 15.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Schizoprymnus globosus (Szepligeti, 1898) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.5.1975; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 600 m, 6.7.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 20.6.1977; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 14.7.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Schizoprymnus obscurus (Nees, 1816) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Schizoprymnus opacus (Thomson, 1892) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 13.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Schizoprymnus terebralis Snoflak, 1950 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 27.4.1975; Borislavtsi Village, Svilengrad Region, 210 m, 30.5.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 1.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Triaspis caudatus (Nees, 1816) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Triaspis f loricola (Wesmael, 1835) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
478
N. BALEVSKI Triaspis luteipes (Thomson, 1874) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Triaspis thoracicus (Curtis, 1860) ocalities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Homolobinae Homolobus discolor (Wesmael, 1835) (= Zele discolor Wesmael, 1835 auct.) Locality: Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Homolobus truncator (Say, 1828) (= Zele chlorophthalma (Spinola, 1808) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Hormiinae Hormius moniliatus (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Hormius similis Szepligeti, 1896 Localities: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1976; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 6.10.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Ichneutinae Ichneutes reunitor Nees, 1816 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Macrocentrinae Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke, 1882 (= M. grandii Goidanich, 1937) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Macrocentrus collaris (Spinola, 1808) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Macrocentrus equalis Lyle, 1914 Locality: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 20.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Macrocentrus linearis (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Macrocentrus marginator (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Macrocentrus resinellae (Linnaeus, 1758) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 21.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Braconidae
479
Macrocentrus thoracicus (Nees, 1812) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microgasterinae Apanteles bajariae Papp, 1975 Localities: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 30.6.1976; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 14.7.1976; Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 6.7.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 21.8.1976; Krumovgrad, 400 m, 16.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Apanteles candidatus (Haliday, 1834) (= A. longicauda (Wesmael, 1837) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Apanteles elpis Nixon, 1973 Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 6.7.1976; Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 200 m, 15.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Apanteles obscurus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Apanteles sicarius Marshall, 1885 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Choeras suffolciensis (Morley, 1902) (= Hypomicrogaster suffolciensis (Morley, 1902)) Locality: Avren Village, Krumovgrad Region, 450 m, 20.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Cotesia cupreus (Lyle, 1925) (= Apanteles cuprea Lyle, 1925 auct.) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 16.10.1975; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 14.4.1977; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) (= Apanteles glomeratus (Linnaeus, 1758) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Cotesia melanoscella (Ratz.eburg, 1844) (= Apanteles melanoscellus Ratzeburg, 1844 auct.) (= Apanteles solitarius (Ratzeburg, 1844) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov, 1912) (= Apanteles plutellae Kurdjumov, 1912 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Cotesia praepotens (Haliday, 1834) (= Apanteles praepotens (Haliday, 1834) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
480
N. BALEVSKI Cotesia tibialis (Curtis, 1830) (= Apanteles tibialis (Curtis, 1830) auct.) (= Apanteles congestus (Nees, 1834)) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Hygroplitis russatus (Haliday, 1834) (= Microgaster russatus Haliday, 1834 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microgaster australis Thomson, 1895 (= M. diprimator (Fabricius, 1798) auct.) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Microgaster curvucrus Thomson, 1895 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Microgaster globata (Linnaeus, 1758) (= M. laeviscuta Thomson, 1895) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microgaster messoria Haliday, 1834 (= M. tibialis Nees, 1834 auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c).
Microgaster stictica Ruthe, 1858 Localities: Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 21.5.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.7.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Microgaster subcompleta Nees, 1834 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis deprimator (Fabricius, 1798) (= M. sordipes (Nees, 1834)) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis mediator (Haliday, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis ratzeburgi (Ruthe, 1758) Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 11.8.1975; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Microplitis ruricola Lyle, 1918 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis scrophulariae Szepligeti, 1898 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Microplitis spectabilis (Haliday, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c)
Braconidae
481
Microplitis spinolae (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis stigmatica (Ratzeburg, 1844) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis strenua Reinhard, 1860 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis tuberculata (Bouche, 1834) (= M. fumipennis (Ratzeburg, 1852) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis tuberculifera (Wesmael, 1837) (= M. calcarata (Thomson, 1895) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 15.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Microplitis varipes (Ruthe, 1860) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microplitis vidua (Ruthe, 1860) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Protomicroplitis abdominalis (Nees, 1834) (= Microgaster abdominalis (Nees, 1834) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Microtypinae Microtypus trigonius (Nees, 1834) Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 22.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Miracinae Mirax dryochares Marshall, 1897 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979b). Neonerinae Ellasmosoma berolinense Ruthe, 1858 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Opiinae Apodesmia saeva (Haliday, 1836) (= Opius (Allotypus) saevus Haliday, 1836) Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 29.5.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 28.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres bicolor (Wesmael, 1835) Locality: Valche Pole, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 17.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b).
482
N. BALEVSKI
Biosteres brevipalpis (Thomson, 1895) Localities: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 15.4.1977; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 22.9.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres colorativentris (Fischer, 1957) Locality: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 600 m, 22.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres cumatus Zaykov & Fischer, 1983 Locality: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 26.5.1976 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Biosteres haemorrhoeus (Haliday, 1836) Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 6.5.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.6.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 14.7.1976; Chernoochene Village, Haskovo Region, 500 m, 6.10.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres rusticus (Haliday, 1836) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Biosteres spinaceae (Thomson, 1895) Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 29.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres wesmaeli (Haliday, 1836) Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 4.5.1976, 15.6.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.5.1976; Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 26.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Biosteres xantippe (Fischer, 1959) Locality: Rudozem, 900 m, 30.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Chilotrichia blanda (Haliday, 1836) (= Boisterus blandus (Haliday, 1836)) Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 6.5.1976; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 12.5.1976; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 15.4.1977; Garvanovo Village, Haskovo Region, 250 m, 20.4.1977; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 28.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Diachasma rasilis Zaykov, 1983 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1976; Chernoochene Village, Haskovo Region, 500 m, 22.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Agnopius) daghoides Zaykov & Fischer, 1983 Locality: Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 3.6.1975 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983).
Braconidae
483
Opius (Allotypus) instabilis Wesmael, 1835 (= O. falax Szepligeti, 1896) Localities: Dubovets Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 18.5.1977; Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 25.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Allotypus) wachsmanni Szepligeti, 1898 Locality: Komuniga Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 26.6.1979 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Apodesmia) apfelbeckianus Fischer, 1967 Locality: Garvanovo Village, Haskovo Region, 250 m, 20.4.1973 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Opius (Lisssosema) castus Zaykov, 1983 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.6.1976, 16.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Nosopoea) celsus Haliday, 1836 Locality: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Nosopoea) cingulatus Wesmael, 1835 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Nosopoea) curtifemur Fischer, 1959 Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.5.1976; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 21.5.1977; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Opius) caricivorae Fischer, 1964 Locality: Valche Pole Village, Svilengrad Region, 400 m, 17.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Opius) lugens Haliday, 1836 Localities: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 10.5.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1984a); Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983) Opius (Opius) pallipes Wesmael, 1835 (= O. exilis Haliday, 1836) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Pendopius) pendulus Haliday, 1836 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 17.8.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Phaedrotoma) crassipes Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 19.6.1975; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 18.4.1976, 19.5.1976, 29.6.1976; Borislavtsi Village, Svilengrad Region, 210 m, 30.5.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 12.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1984a).
484
N. BALEVSKI
Opius (Phaedrotoma) filicornis Thomson, 1895 Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 17.4.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Opius (Phaedrotoma) funebris Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Boyno Village, Kardjali Region, 650 m, 16.5.1977; Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 17.5.1978; Valche Pole Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 400 m, 17.5.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Phaedrotoma) turcicus Fischer, 1960 Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 28.4.1977 (ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Opius (Phaedrotoma) variagatus Szepligeti, 1896 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.9.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Utetes) coracinus Thomson, 1895 Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 18.6.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.8. 1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983b). Opius (Xynobius) hilaris Fischer, 1971 Locality: Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 20.5.1977,(ZAYKOV & FISCHER, 1983). Opius (Xynobius) ocellatus Wesmael, 1835 Localities: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 28.4.1978; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 28.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1984a). Opius (Xynobius) propodealis Fischer, 1958 Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400m, 10.5.1977 (ZAYKOV & BASSAMAKOV, 1985). Orgilinae Orgilus (Orgilus) hungaricus Szepligeti, 1896 Locality: Popsko Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 800 m, 27.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983c). Orgilus (Orgilus) obscurator (Nees, 1814) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Orgilus (Orgilus) pimpinellae Niezabitowski, 1910 Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Orgilus (Ischiolus) punctulator (Nees, 1814) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a).
Braconidae
485
Orgilus (Ischiolus) rugosus (Nees, 1834) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Pambolinae Pambolus mirus (Ruthe, 1858) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo regin, 450 m, 18.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1983c). Rhisipolinae Rhisipolis decorator (Haliday, 1836) Locality: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 4.4.1978 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Rhisipolis hariolator (Haliday, 1833) Locality: Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 26.8.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978). Rhyssalinae Oncophanes tobiasi Zaykov, 1983 Locality: Chernoochene Village, Haskovo Region, 500 m, 17.4.1966 (ZAYKOV, 1983a). Rhyssalus clavator (Haliday, 1833) Locality: Shiroka polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 13.7.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Rogadinae Aleiodes alternator Nees, 1834 (= Rogas geniculator (Nees, 1834) auct.) Locality: Pchelarovo Village, Kardjali Region, 460 m, 4.7.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes bicolor (Spinola, 1808) (= Rogas bicolor (Spinola, 1808) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1979c). Aleiodes circumscriptus Nees, 1834 (= Rogas circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) auct.) Locality: Silen Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 20.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes compressor (Herrich – Schaffer, 1838) (= Petalodes unicolor Wesmael, 1838 auct.) Locality: Shiroka polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 27.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes cruentus (Nees, 1834) (= Rogas cruentus Nees, 1834 auct.) Locality: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 2.6.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes dimidiatus (Spinola, 1808) (= Rogas dimidiatus (Spinola, 1808) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes ductor (Thunberg, 1822) (= Rogas ductor (Thunberg, 1822) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1977).
486
N. BALEVSKI
Aleiodes fortipes (Reinhard, 1863) (= Rogas fortipes Reinhard, 1863 auct.) Localities: Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 15.5.1976; Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 25.4.1977; Konush Village, Haskovo Region, 300 m, 14.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Aleiodes gasterator (Jurinae, 1807) (= Rogas gasterator (Jurinae, 1807)) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 20.4.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, 1838 (= Rogas nigricornis (Wesmael, 1838) auct.) Localities: Eastern Rhodopes (ZAYKOV, 1980a). Aleiodes rossicus (Kokujev, 1898) (= Rogas testaceus (Spinola, 1808) auct.) (= R. gastritor (Thunberg, 1822)) Localities: Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Region, 600m, 27.8.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 19.5.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Aleiodes ruficeps (Telenga, 1941) (= Rogas ruficeps Telenga, 1941) Locality: Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 20.4.1975 (ZAYKOV, 1980a).
Aleiodes signatus (Nees, 1812) (= Rogas signatus Nees, 1812) Localities: Karamantsi Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 7.8.1975; Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 25.9.1975; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 30.9.1975; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad Region, 250 m, 10.6.1976; Malko Gradishte Village, Svilengrad Region, 150 m, 26.8.1976; Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 26.8.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1988). Clinocentrus exsertor (Nees, 1812) Localities: Petelovo Village, Haskovo Region, 420 m, 15.6.1976; Shiroka Polyana Village, Haskovo Region, 450 m, 18.6.1976, 23.6.1976; Nikolovo Village, Haskovo Region, 400 m, 13.6.1976; Tankovo Village, Haskovo regon, 400 m, 12.7.1976 (ZAYKOV, 1977). Sigalphinae Acampsis alternipes (Nees, 1816) Locality: Ivaylovgrad, 320 m, 14.4.1977 (ZAYKOV, 1978).
Conclusion As a result of the present study, 284 braconid parasitoid species from 82 genera and 28 subfamilies (7 ectoparasitoids and 21 endoparasitoids) of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have been estsablished. Ectoparasitoid braconids belong to 52 species from 17 genera and 7 subfamilies (Braconinae, Doryctinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Pambolinae, Rhysipolinae and Rhyssalinae). Endoparasitoid braconids belong to 232 species from 65 genera and 21 subfamilies (Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Blacinae, Cardiochilinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae, Che-
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loninae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae, Ichneutinae, Macrocentrinae, Microgasterinae, Microtypinae, Miracinae, Neonerinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Rogadinae and Sigalphinae). The highest number of genera belongs to the subfamilies Alysiinae – 12 genera, Euphorinae – 10, Braconinae – 7, Helconinae – 7 and Microgasterina – 7 genera. Most numerous in terms of species are those from the subfamily Braconinae – 35 species, followed by the subfamilies Microgasterinae – 33 and Opiinae – 33 species. The highest number of braconid species was identified in the genera Opius – 21 species, Bracon – 19 and Microplitis – 13 species.
References FISCHER M., ZAYKOV A. 1982. Über Alysiinae aus Bulgarien (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Zeitschr. Arbeitsgem. Österr. Ent., 34 (3-4): 73-80. HUDDLESTON T. 1980. A revision of the Paleartic species of the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., 41 (1): 1-58. SIMBOLOTTI G., VAN ACHTERBERG C. 1992. Revision of the West Palearctic species of the genus Bassus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Zool. Verhand., 281: 80 pp. SIMBOLOTTI G., VAN ACHTERBERG C. 1999. Revision of the West Palearctic species of the genus Agathis Lattreille (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae). – Zool. Verhand., 325: 168 pp. ZAYKOV A. 1977. Hymenoptera, Braconidae genera and species unknown to Bulgarian fauna. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 15 (4): 111-116. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1978. Contribution to the Braconid fauna of Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 16 (4): 227-234. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1979a. On the species of the tribe Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of the Rhodope mountain. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 17 (4): 181-185. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1979b. New to the Bulgarian fauna genera and species of Euphorinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) collected in the Rhodope mountain. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 17 (4): 187-192. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1979c. Species composition and distribution of family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodopes Mountains with some ecologic and taxonomic remarks. Ph. D. Thesis. Univ. of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 192 pp. (In Bulgarian). ZAYKOV A. 1980a. New species of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) for the Bulgarian fauna. – Acta zool. bulg., 16: 86-89. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1980b. Angelovia elipsocubitalis gen. et sp. n. from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Alysiinae). – Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natn. Hungarici, 72: 273-274. ZAYKOV A. 1981. New genera and species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) for the Bulgarian fauna. Acta zool. bulg., 17: 88-91. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1982. A faunistic contribution to the studying of the subfamily Chelconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 20 (4): 165-169. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1983a. Oncophanes tobiasi sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new species from Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 22: 59-60. ZAYKOV A. 1983b. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). - Acta zool. bulg., 23: 33-42. ZAYKOV A. 1983c. New species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) for the Bulgarian fauna. – Trav. Sci. Univ., Biologia, 21 (4): 35-38. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1984a. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Faunistic and taxonomic contribution. II. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 22 (1): 77-83. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
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ZAYKOV A. 1984b. Chorebus griffithsi s. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae) from Bulgaria. – Folia Ent. Hung., 45 (1): 223-224. ZAYKOV A. 1986. A faunistic contribution to the study of tribe Dacnusini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 30: 61-63. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A. 1988. New for Bulgarian fauna species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologia, 26 (6): 57-61. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). ZAYKOV A., BASSAMAKOV I. 1985. A review of the species of the Subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Bulgaria. – Bull. Mus. S. Bulgaria, 11: 49-57. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). ZAYKOV A., FISCHER M. 1983. Über Opiinae aus Bulgarien (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 85 (B): 39-51.
Author’s address: Nikolai Balevski Scientific Laboratory for Biological and Integrated Control 9 Shosse Bankja Str. 1331 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) в Източните Родопи (България) Николай БАЛЕВСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Представеният анотиран списък на браконидната ентомофауна (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) включва 284 вида, принадлежащи към 82 рода на 28 подсемейства (7 ектопаразитоидни и 21 ендопаризитоидни) на семейство Braconidae. Ектопаразитоидните бракониди принадлежат към 52 вида от 17 рода и 7 подсемейства (Braconinae, Doryctinae, Exothecinae, Hormiinae, Pambolinae, Rhysipolinae и Rhyssalinae). Ендопаразитоидните бракониди принадлежат към 232 вида, отнасящи се към 65 рода и 21 подсемейства (Agathidinae, Alysiinae, Blacinae, Cardiochilinae, Cenocoeliinae, Charmontinae, Cheloninae, Euphorinae, Gnamptodontinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae, Ichneutinae, Macrocentrinae, Microgasterinae, Microtypinae, Miracinae, Neonerinae, Opiinae, Orgilinae, Rogadinae и Sigalphinae). Най-многобройни в родово отношение са подсемействата Alysiinae – 12 рода, Euphorinae – 10, Braconinae – 7, Helconinae – 7 и Microgasterinaе – 7 рода. Най-многочислени във видово отношение са подсемействата Braconinae – 35 вида, Microgasterinae – 33 и Opiinae – 33 вида. Най-многобройни на браконидни видове са родовете Opius – 21, Bracon – 19 и Microplitis – 13 вида. Ентомологичният материал е събран от 36 находища в българската част на Източните Родопи от българския зоолог д-р Ангел Зайков през периода 1975-1979. Дадени са кратки данни за географското положение на находищата, надморската височина, мястото и датата на събиране на колекционния материал. Цитирани са литературните източници, в които са били съобщавани и от които са взети съответните данни. След съвременните валидни научни названия на таксоните са посочени в скоби използваните синоними, под които някои от видовете са били съобщавани за нашата ентомофауна.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Anelia STOJANOVA
Stojanova A. 2004. Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 489-495. Abstract. A species list of Eurytomidae occurring in the Eastern Rhodopes, based on published data and original faunistic material, is presented. A total of 52 species, belonging to 6 genera, is reported. Thirty eight of them are herein newly recorded to the region, and 5 species (Eurytoma koeleriae, Eurytoma jaceae, Tetramesa albomaculata, Tetramesa cornuta and Tetramesa inermis) are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Key words: Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, faunistics
Introduction There have been intensive studies on Eurytomidae in Bulgaria only in the last few years. The eurytomid fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is little known. Only 14 species have been published as belonging to the fauna of the region until now (STOJANOVA , 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002). The aim of this article is to overview the eurytomids from the Eastern Rhodopes based on published data and original faunistic material.
Material and methods The faunistic material was collected between 1997 and 2002, mainly by sweeping it in grass localities. Some specimens were reared from galls in laboratory. The investigations used also material collected by a Malaise trap. The species new to the Bulgarian fauna are marked with asterisks in the faunistic list.
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Archirileya inopinata Silvestri, 1920 Material: Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡; Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Tetramesa agrostidis (Howard, 1896) Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 12-26.3.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. *Tetramesa albomaculata (Ashmead, 1894) Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 9.5.1999, 1 ‡. Tetramesa aneurolepidii Zerova, 1965 Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 29.4-20.5.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Tetramesa brachypodii (Schlechtendal, 1891) Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 9.5.1999, 1 ‡; Madjarovo, 200 m, 20-28.5.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Tetramesa cereipes (Erdös, 1955) Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 16.5.1998, 2 ‡‡. *Tetramesa cornuta (Walker, 1832) Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Tetramesa eremita (Portschinsky, 1881) Material: Borovitsa Hut, 400 m, 15.4.2000, 1 ‡, 1 †. Tetramesa fulvicollis (Walker, 1832) Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 27.4.1997, 2 ‡‡, 1 †. Tetramesa gracilipennis Szelenyi, 1968 Tetramesa gracilipennis: STOJANOVA (1997): Mandritsa Village. *Tetramesa inermis Erdös, 1963 Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 12-26.3.2001, 3 ‡‡, 4 †† (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Tetramesa linearis (Walker, 1832) Tetramesa linearis: STOJANOVA (1999): Chubrika Village. Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma aemula Szelenyi, 1974 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡.
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Eurytoma aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848 Eurytoma aciculata: STOJANOVA (1997): Madan. Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (reared from Pontania viminalis (Tenthredinidae) galls on Salix sp.); Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 2 †† (reared from Pontania viminalis (Tenthredinidae) galls on Salix sp.). Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) Eurytoma aspila: STOJANOVA (2000): Mandritsa Village. Material: Popsko Village, 700 m, 19.5.1998, 1 ‡; Petelovo Village, 400 m, 17.6.2000, 1 †. Eurytoma augasmae Zerova, 1977 Material: Boyno Village, 600 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡; Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Eurytoma baldingerae Erdös, 1961 Eurytoma baldingerae: STOJANOVA (2001): Kardjali. Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 19-29.4.2001, 1 ‡; 8-22.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 Material: Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 5.9.2001, 7 ‡‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev; 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Eurytoma castor Claridge, 1959 Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 19.5.1999, 2 ‡‡; Zhelezino Village, 400 m, 19.5.2000, 3 ‡‡; Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Madjarovo, 200 m, 19-29.4.2001, 2 ‡‡; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Eurytoma collaris Walker, 1832 Eurytoma collaris: STOJANOVA (2001): Kardjali. Eurytoma cynipsea Boheman, 1836 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 †; 27.6.2001, 1 †; Plevun Village, 450 m, 17-29.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap). Eurytoma dentata Mayr, 1878 Material: Madan, 700 m, 5.7.1998, 1 ‡; Kardjali, 300 m, 9.7.1998, 1 ‡. Eurytoma erdoesi (Erdös, 1969) Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 8-22.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Eurytoma euphorbicola Zerova, 1994 Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 10.6.2000, 9 ‡‡, 5 ††; 16.6.2000, 1 ‡; Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 3 ‡‡, 1 †; Chubrika Village, 850 m, 28.6.2001, 6 ‡‡, 1 †.
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A. STOJANOVA Eurytoma f lavimana Boheman, 1836 Material: Madjarovo, 200 m, 8-22.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska.
Eurytoma hybrida Zerova, 1978 Eurytoma hybrida: STOJANOVA (1999): Madan. Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 17.5.1999, 1 †; Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡; Huhla Village, 200 m, 17.6.2001, 7 ‡‡, 1 † (flew up in laboratory of Cynipidae galls on Tragopogon sp.). *Eurytoma jaceae Mayr, 1878 Material: Plevun Village, 450 m, 17-29.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Malaise trap). *Eurytoma koeleriae Erdös, 1969 Material: Popsko Village, 700 m, 19.5.1998, 2 ‡‡. Eurytoma laserpitii Mayr, 1878 Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1998, 1 ‡; Huhla Village, 200 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡; Plevun Village, 450 m, 17-29.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Malaise trap). Eurytoma linariae Zerova, 1987 Eurytoma linariae: STOJANOVA (2000): Kardjali. Eurytoma nikolskayae Zerova, 1989 Material: Borovitsa Hut, 400 m, 15.4.2000, 4 ‡‡, 2 †† (flew up in laboratory of Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.). Eurytoma noxialis (Portschinsky, 1881) Material: Mandritsa Village, 150 m, 19.5.1998, 1 ‡; Huhla Village, 200 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Dabovets Village, 5.5.2001, 2 ‡, 1 †. Eurytoma petrosa Zerova, 1994 Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 9.7.1997, 1 ‡; Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma phleidis Erdös, 1969 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Madjarovo, 200 m, 29.4.-20.5.2001, 3 ‡‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Eurytoma pistacina Rondani, 1877 Eurytoma pistaciae: STOJANOVA (1997): Daskalovo Village. Eurytoma punctatella Zerova, 1978 Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 16.5.1998, 1 †; Popsko Village, 700 m, 19.5.1998, 1 †.
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Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 2 ‡‡; Plevun Village, 450 m, 6.5.2001, 1 ‡, 1 † (flew up in laboratory of flower heads of Asteraceae). Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 Material: Borovitsa Hut, 400 m, 15.4.2000, 2 †† (flew up in laboratory of Cynipidae galls on Rosa sp.). Eurytoma scalaris Graham, 1984 Eurytoma scalaris: STOJANOVA (2001): Madan. Material: Boyno Village, 600 m, 28.6.2001, 8 ‡‡; Chubrika Village, 850 m, 28.6.2001, 8 ‡‡; Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 3 ‡‡. Eurytoma scaposa Szelenyi, 1974 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 3 ‡‡. Eurytoma squamea Walker, 1834 Eurytoma squamea: STOJANOVA (2000): Kostino Village. Material: Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡; Plevun Village, 450 m, 1729.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap). Eurytoma strigifrons Thomson, 1875 Material: Popsko Village, 700 m, 19.5.1998, 1 †; 28.6.2001, 1 ‡; Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Boyno Village, 600 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman, 1836 Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 3 ‡‡; Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡; Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 19.6.2002, 6 ‡‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Eurytoma verbasci Erdös, 1969 Bruchophagus verbasci: STOJANOVA (1997): Mandritsa Village. Bruchophagus astragali Fedoseeva, 1954 Bruchophagus astragali: STOJANOVA (2001): Popsko Village. Material: Madan, 700 m, 5.7.1996, 1 ‡; Kardjali, 300 m, 9.5.1999, 1 ‡; Mandritsa Village, 150 m, 19.5.2001, 1 ‡; Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡. Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker, 1834) Material: Madan, 700 m, 5.7.1996, 2 ‡‡; Petelovo Village, 400 m, 17.6.1998, 6 ‡‡, 1 †; Popsko Village, 700 m, 19.5.1998, 2 ‡‡; Zhelezino Village, 400 m, 19.5.2000, 1 ‡; Plevun Village, 450 m, 17-29.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap); Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky, 1933 Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1998, 2 ‡‡.
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A. STOJANOVA Systole besaparica Stojanova, 2002 Systole besaparica: STOJANOVA (2002): Malko Gradishte Village. Systole bipunctata Erdös, 1952 Material: Daskalovo Village, 450 m, 4.9.2001, 2 ‡‡, leg. P. Boyadzhiev. Systole conspicua Erdös, 1951 Material: Petelovo Village, 400 m, 17.6.1998, 1 ‡; Popsko Village, 700 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡.
Systole coriandri Gussakovsky, 1933 Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1998, 2 ‡‡, 8 ††; Kardjali, 300 m, 9.5.1999, 5 ‡‡; Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 5.5.2001, 1 ‡; Plevun Village, 450 m, 17-29.6.2001, 10 ‡‡, 5 †† (Malaise trap); Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡. Eudecatoma biguttata (Swederus, 1795) Material: Borovitsa Hut, 400 m, 15.4.2000, 2 ‡‡ (flew up in laboratory from Cynipidae galls on Quercus sp.); Madjarovo, 200 m, 1-20.9.2000, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap); 19-29.4.2001, 1 ‡ (Malaise trap), leg. H. Eturska. Conclusion As a result of faunistic study on the Eastern Rhodopes, a total of 52 species was established. The species belong to the genera Archirileya - 1, Tetramesa - 11, Eurytoma - 32, Bruchophagus - 3, Systole - 4 and Eudecatoma - 1. Thirty eight species are newly recorded to the fauna of the region. Five of them (Eurytoma koeleriae, Eurytoma jaceae, Tetramesa albomaculata, Tetramesa cornuta and Tetramesa inermis) are recorded for the first time to the fauna of Bulgaria. The geographical and climatic conditions of the Eastern Rhodopes predetermine the existence of rich and peculiar entomofauna. This gives us grounds to presume that the actual species number of Eurytomidae occurring in the region is larger than the number presented here.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank P. Boyadzhiev (University of Plovdiv) and H. Eturska for their assistance in collecting the material.
References STOJANOVA A. 1997. Data about some species of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) newly established in the fauna of Bulgaria. - Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 33 (6): 27-30. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STOJANOVA A. 1999. Species of family Eurytomidae newly established in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 35 (6): 59-61.
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STOJANOVA A. 2000. Species of genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807, newly established in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). – Acta zool. bulg., 52 (2): 31-35. STOJANOVA A. 2001. Contribution to the study of Eurytomidae family from Bulgaria (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). - Acta Ent. Bulg., 7 (1-2): 7-10. STOJANOVA A. 2002. Two new species of Systole Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) from Bulgaria. – Rev. suisse Zool., 109 (3): 511-518.
Author’s address: Anelia Stojanova Department of Biology University of Plovdiv 24 Tsar Assen Str. Plovdiv 4000 e-mail:
[email protected]
Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) от Източните Родопи (България) Анелия СТОЯНОВА (Р е з ю м е) В резултат на изследванията, базиращи се на публикувани данни и нов материал, върху семейство Eurytomidae от Източните Родопи, са установени 52 вида от 6 рода. От тях 38 вида са нови за изследвания район, а Eurytoma koeleriae, Eurytoma jaceae, Tetramesa albomaculata, Tetramesa cornuta и Tetramesa inermis се установявят за първи път за фауната на България. Географските и климатични условия на района определят съществуването на богата и специфична ентомофауна. Това дава основание да се предполага, че реалният брой видове Eurytomidae в Източните Родопи е по-голям от представения тук.
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Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Peter BOYADZHIEV
Boyadzhiev P. 2004. Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 497-505. Abstract. The whole information about all the species of Eulophidae, known to the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes until 2003, is summarized in this paper. Faunistic data on 55 species of the family Eulophidae - new to the fauna of Eastern Rhodopes are presented, 10 of which are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Key words: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, faunistics
Introduction The total number of species of the family Eulophidae, known to the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes until the present investigation, is 19. TSANKOV (1968, 1972, 1978) reported Baryscapus turionum as a parasitoid of Rhyacionia buoliana (Tortricidae). TSANKOV, DASKALOVA (1971) reared Dahlbominus fuscipennis from larvae of Neodiprion sertifer (Diprionidae). MIRCHEV et al. (1998) reported Baryscapus trasversalis as a hyperparasitoid of Baryscapus servadei, a primary egg-parasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Thaumetopoeidae). BOYADZHIEV (1997, 2000) and GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003) reported another 15 species, mainly swept from meadows: Hyssopus nigritulus, H. olivaceus, Dermatopelte budensis, Ratzeburgiola incompleta, Entedon biroi, E. cardui, E. crassiscapus, E. diotimus, E. gracilior, E. kerteszi, E. longus, E. parvicalcar, E. pharnus, E. procioni and E. sparetus.
Material and methods The material was collected in different years by A. Stojanova, H. Eturska, P. Angelov, A. Donev, S. Petrov, P. Boyadzhiev, mainly by Malaise trap. The investigations used also material swept from grass. The species new to the fauna of Bulgaria are marked with asterisks in the faunistic list. The material is preserved in the collection of the Department of Zoology, the University of Plovdiv.
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P. BOYADZHIEV Faunistic results
Eulophinae Aulogymnus skianeuros (Ratzeburg, 1844) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 26.3.-7.4.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Eturska). Cirrospilus lyncus Walker, 1838 Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 9.12.2000 - 3.1.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Cirrospilus vittatus Walker, 1838 Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 7-22.1.2001, 1 ‡; 719.4.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Dahlbominus fuscipennis: TSANKOV, DASKALOVA (1971): from larvae of Neodiprion sertifer (Diprionidae) in the neighbourhoods of Kardjali. Dermatopelte budensis Erdös & Novicky, 1951 Dermatopelte budensis: BOYADZHIEV (2000): Komuniga Village. Diaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös, 1951) Material: Plevun Village, 450 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova); Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova); Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 4 ‡‡ (Stojanova); Ardino, 600 m, 27.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Stojanova); Boino Village, 600 m, 28.6.2001, 4 ‡‡ (Stojanova); Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 2 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev). Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1980, 51 ‡‡ and 1 † (Donev); Kardjali, 300 m, 9.7.1984, 3 ‡‡ (Donev); Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 2028.5.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska); Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 3.10.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev). Elachertus lateralis (Spinola,1808) Material: Kadanka Village, 700 m, 22.9.1985, 1 † (Petrov); Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev). Hemiptarsenus ornatus (Nees, 1834) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 8-22.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Eturska). Hemiptarsenus unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1980, 2 ‡‡ (Donev); Kadanka Village, 700 m, 22.9.1985, 2 ‡‡ (Petrov); Ardino, 600 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova).
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
499
*Hemiptarsenus wailesellae Nowicki, 1929 Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 26.9.-14.10.2000, 1 †; 19-29.4.2001, 1 †; 29.4.-20.5.2001, 1 † and 1 ‡; 20-28.5.2001, 1 † (Eturska); Plevun Village, 450 m, Malaise trap, 17.6.-1.7. 2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 3.10.2001, 1 † (Boyadzhiev). Hyssopus nigritulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) Hyssopus nigritulus: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Panichkovo Village. Hyssopus olivaceus (Thomson, 1878) Hyssopus olivaceus: BOYADZHIEV (1997): Panichkovo Village. Microlycus biroi Erdös, 1951 Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 1-20.9.2000, 1 †; 26.9.-16.10.2000, 1 †; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 †; 8-22.6.2001, 1 † and 1 ‡ (Eturska); Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 1 † (Boyadzhiev). Microlycus gyцrfii (Erdös, 1954) Material: Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). *Microlycus virens Erdös, 1951 Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 2 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev). Necremnus folia (Walker,1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 29.4.20.5.2001, 3 ‡‡ (Eturska). Pnigalio pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 28.5-8.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Pnigalio soemius (Walker, 1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 26.3.-7.4.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Ratzeburgiola incompleta Bouček, 1971 Ratzeburgiola incompleta: BOYADZHIEV (2000): Garvanovo Village. Stenomesius rufescens (Retzius, 1783) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 20-28.5.2001, 1 ‡; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 † and 3 ‡‡; 8-22.6.2001, 1 † and 2 ‡‡ (Eturska). Sympiesis acalle (Walker, 1848) Material: Krumovgrad, 350 m, 25.5.1969, 1 ‡ (Angelov).
500
P. BOYADZHIEV Sympiesis f lavopicta Bouček, 1958 Material: Boino Village, 600 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova) Sympiesis notata (Zetterstedt, 1838) Material: Plevun Village, 450 m, Malaise trap, 17.6.-1.7.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova)
Entedoninae Achrysocharoides budensis (Erdös, 1954) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 20-28.5.2001, 1 ‡; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 2 ‡‡ (Eturska). Chrysocharis entedonoideus (Walker, 1872) Material: Kadanka Village, 700 m, 22.9.1985, 1 ‡ (Petrov). Chrysocharis orbicularis (Nees, 1834) Material: Kadanka Village, 700 m, 22.9.1985, 1 † (Petrov). Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker,1839 Material: Kardjali, 300 m., 11.3.1981, 1 ‡ (Donev). Chrysocharis polyzo (Walker, 1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 26.9.-14.10.2000, 1 ‡; 1-20.9.2000, 1 ‡; 9.12.2000 - 3.1.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Chrysocharis viridis (Nees, 1834) Material: Kadanka Village, 700 m, 22.9.1985, 1† and 1 ‡ (Petrov). Entedon biroi Erdös, 1944 Entedon biroi: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Malko Gradishte Village. Entedon cardui Askew, 2001 Entedon cardui: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Mandritsa Village. Entedon crassiscapus Erdös, 1944 Entedon crassiscapus: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Madjarovo, Momchilgrad. Entedon diotimus Walker, 1839 Entedon diotimus: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Madan, Popsko Village, Kardjali. Entedon gracilior Graham, 1971 Entedon gracilior: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Malko Gradishte Village. Entedon kerteszi Erdös, 1944 Entedon kerteszi: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Malko Gradishte Village.
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
501
Entedon longus Bouček, 1968 Entedon longus: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Petelovo Village. Entedon parvicalcar Thomson, 1878 Entedon parvicalcar: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Malko Gradishte Village. Entedon pharnus Walker, 1839 Entedon pharnus: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Mandritsa Village. Entedon procioni Erdös, 1944 Entedon procioni: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Dazhdovnitsa Village. Entedon sparetus Walker, 1846 Entedon sparetus: GUMOVSKY & BOYADZHIEV (2003): Kardjali, Ivaylovgrad, Boyno Village, Malko Gradishte Village, Mandritsa Village, Plevun Village. Neochrysocharis aratus (Walker, 1838) Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 3 †† (Boyadzhiev). Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood, 1833) Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 5 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev); Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). Omphale salicis (Haliday, 1833) Material: Momchilgrad, 300 m, 16.6.1980, 1 ‡ (Donev). Euderinae Astichus arithmeticus (Förster, 1851) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 1-20.9.2000, 1 ‡ (Eturska). *Astichus longеvittatus Masi, 1925 Material: Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Material: Kardjali, 300 m, 9.7.1994, 2 ‡‡ (Donev). Euderus brevicornis Bouček, 1963 Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 1 † (Boyadzhiev); Dazhdovnitsa Village, 350 m, 18.5.2002, 2 †† (Boyadzhiev). Te t r a s t i c h i n a e Apotetrastichus postmarginalis (Bouček, 1971) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap, 14.10.-1.11.2000, 1 ‡ (Eturska).
502
P. BOYADZHIEV *Aprostocetus caudatus Westwood, 1833 Material: Petelovo Village, 300 m, 17.6.1980, 2 ‡‡ (Donev) Aprostocetus crino (Walker, 1838) Material: Mandritsa Village, 150 m, 19.5.1981, 1 ‡ (Donev). Aprostocetus forsteri (Walker, 1847) Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 16.5.1991, 2 ‡‡, swept from alfalfa (Donev). *Aprostocetus longicauda (Thomson, 1878) Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m, 16.5.1980, 1 ‡, swept from alfalfa (Donev).
Aprostocetus percaudatus (Silvestri, 1920) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 26.9.-14.10.2000, 1 ‡; 29.4.-20.5.2001, 2 ††; 20-28.5.2001, 1 ‡; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Baryscapus adalia (Walker, 1839) Material: Plevun Village, 450 m, 28.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). *Baryscapus daira (Walker, 1839) Material: Chernoochene Village, 400 m, 4.9.2001, 1 † (Boyadzhiev). Baryscapus servadeii (Domenichini, 1965) Baryscapus servadeii: MIRCHEV et al. (1998): as a primary egg-parasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Thaumetopoeidae) in the vicinity of Yanino Village. Baryscapus trasversalis Graham, 1991 Baryscapus trasversalis: MIRCHEV et al. (1998): as a hyperparasitoid of Baryscapus servadei, a primary egg-parasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Thaumetopoeidae) in the neighbourhood of Yanino Village. Baryscapus turionum (Hartig, 1838) Baryscapus turionum: TSANKOV (1968, 1972,1978): as a parasitoid of Rhyacionia buoliana (Tortricidae) in the vicinity of Kardjali and Haskovo. Crataepus marbis (Walker, 1839) Material: Ardino, 600 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova); Panichkovo Village, 1000 m, 4.9.2001, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev). Melittobia acasta (Walker, 1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 26.9.-14.10.2000, 1 ‡; 1929.4.2001, 3 ‡‡; 29.4.-20.5.2001, 2 ‡‡; 20-28.5.2001, 2 ‡‡; 28.5.-8.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). Neotrichoporoides szelenyii (Erdös, 1951) Material: Daskalovo vill, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev).
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
503
Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus (Fullaway,1955) Material: Dabovets Village, 200 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). *Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg, 1844) Material: Daskalovo vill, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 1 † and 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev). *Oomyzus repentinus (Graham, 1985) Material: Momchilgrad, 16.6.1980, 1 ‡ (Donev). Peckelachertus anglicus Graham, 1977 Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 29.4.-20.5.2001, 2 †† and 4 ‡‡; 20-28.5.2001, 3 †† and 2 ‡‡ (Eturska). *Pronotalia carlinarum (Szelényi & Erdös, 1951) Material: Ivaylovgrad, 200 m: 16.5.1991, 1 ‡, swept from alfalfa (Donev); 17.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova). Pronotalia hungarica (Erdös, 1955) Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 3.10.2001, 1 † and 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev). Sigmophora brevicornis (Panzer, 1804) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 1-20.9.2000, 1 † and 15 ‡‡; 26.9.-14.10.2000, 10 ‡‡; 19-29.4.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska); Malko Gradishte Village, 300 m, 27.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Stojanova); Panichkovo Village, 1000 m, 4.9.2001, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev); Daskalovo Village, 550 m: 5.9.2001, 1 ‡; 19.6.2002, 2 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev); Dazhdovnitsa Village, 350 m, 18.5.2002, 2 ‡‡ (Boyadzhiev); m. h. Borovitsa, 300 m, 18.5.2002, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev). Tamarixia monesus (Walker, 1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 1-20.11.2000, 1 ‡; 112.3.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska); Dazhdovnitsa Village, 350 m, 18.5.2002, 1 ‡ (Boyadzhiev);. Tamarixia poddubnyi (Kostjukov, 1978) Material: Daskalovo Village, 550 m, 19.6.2002, 3 †† (Boyadzhiev). Tamarixia pronomus (Walker, 1839) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 28.5-8.6.2001, 3 ‡‡; 8-22.6.2001, 1 ‡ (Eturska). *Tamarixia tremblayi (Domenichini, 1965) Material: Arda Valley, NE of Madjarovo, 160 m, Malaise trap: 14.10.-1.11.2000, 2 †† and 2 ‡‡; 1-20.11.2000, 1 †; 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 † (Eturska).
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P. BOYADZHIEV Conclusion
As a result, 74 species are established to the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes. Fifty five of them are herein newly recorded to the region and 10 are new to the fauna of Bulgaria (Aprostocetus caudatus, Aprostocetus longicauda, Astichus longеvittatus, Baryscapus daira, Hemiptarsenus wailesellae, Microlycus virens, Oomyzus incertus, Oomyzus repentinus, Pronotalia carlinarum and Tamarixia tremblayi).
Acknowledgements I extend my thanks to Dr. P. Angelov, Dr. A. Donev, Dr. A. Stojanova, Dr. S. Petrov, Mrs. H. Eturska for giving me the specimens collected in the Eastern Rhodopes.
References BOYADZHIEV P. 1997. New species Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) to the fauna of Bulgaria. Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 33 (6): 41-44. BOYADZHIEV P. 2000. Unknouwn Species of Family Eulophidae to the Fauna of Bulgaria from the Rhodopes (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). – Acta zool. bulg., 52 (2): 25-29. GUMOVSKY A., BOYADZHIEV P. 2003. Review of Bulgarian Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae). – Acta zool. bulg., 55 (3): 3-32. MIRCHEV P., SCHMIDT G., TSANKOV G.. 1998. The egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pytiocampa (Den. & Schiff.) in the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. – Boll. Zool. agrar. Bachicultura, Ser. II, 30 (2): 131-140. TSANKOV G. 1968. Possibilities for using of entomophagous in biological struggle against insects, pests in forestry. – In: Aleksandrov B., Zahov S. (eds). Sbornik ot dokladi i referati, izneseni na suveshtanieto po lesozashtita, provedeno ot DSO “Gorsko stopanstvo i darvodobiv”, ASN, Sofia: 105-109. (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G. 1972. On the parasites of the pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff., Olethreutidae, Lepidoptera) in Bulgaria. – In: Lazarov A. (ed.). Studies on the biological control of plant pests. 1. Acad. Agricult. Sci., Sofia, 95-104. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). TSANKOV G. 1978. Morphological study on the larvae of endoparasites of the pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff.). – In: Grigorov S. (ed.). Biologichni osnovi na borbata s nepriyatelite po selskostopanskite kulturi, Materiali ot purvata nauchna sesiya, 6-8.XII.1976. Sofia, 157-161. (In Bulgarian). TSANKOV G., DASKALOVA I. [ZANKOV G.]. 1971. Beitrag zur besseren Erkennung der Parasiten der Rotgelben Kiefern-buschhornwespe (Neodiprion sertifer Geofr.) in Bulgarien. - Forest Science, 8 (6): 55-61. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
Author’s address: Peter Boyadzhiev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv “Paisiy Hilendarski” 24, Tssar Asen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
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Семейство Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) в Източните Родопи (България) Петър БОЯДЖИЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Обобщена е цялата информация за видовете Eulophidae, известни за фауната на Източните Родопи досега. Представени са фаунистични данни за 74 вида. От тях 55 са съобщени за първи път за района, а 10 вида са нови за фауната на България (Aprostocetus caudatus, Aprostocetus longicauda, Astichus longеvittatus, Baryscapus daira, Hemiptarsenus wailesellae, Microlycus virens, Oomyzus incertus, Oomyzus repentinus, Pronotalia carlinarum и Tamarixia tremblayi).
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Albena LAPEVA-GJONOVA
Lapeva-Gjonova A. 2004. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 507-513. Abstract. This paper contains a list of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their localities from the Eastern Rhodopes Mts. (Bulgaria). So far 48 species have been found – 7 according to literature data and 41 new for this area. Key words: ants, Formicidae, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, fauna
Introduction Despite the comparatively well studied Bulgarian myrmecofauna, there have been no special studies of the Eastern Rhodopes. ATANASSOV & VASILEVA (1976) recorded two ant species from this area – Messor semirufus (Andre) and Tetramorium forte Forel. In Ivaylovgrad district ATANASSOV (1982) described a new ant subspecies – Cataglyphis lividus bulgaricus. The localities of another four species from the Eastern Rhodopes have been reported in ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ (1992). Because of the scarcely studied ant fauna in this region it was necessary to obtain new data, which are presented in this work.
Materials and methods New records were made by hand collection during the period 27.4.-6.5.2003 from the following large districts: Kardjali, Zlatograd, Ardino, Momchilgrad, Krumovgrad, Madjarovo and Ivaylovgrad.
Species account Ponerinae Ponera coarctata (Latreille, 1802) Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003.
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A. LAPEVA-GJONOVA Myrmicinae Myrmica rugulosa Nylander, 1849 Momchilgrad (ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ, 1992: 91).
Myrmica sabuleti Meinert, 1861 Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; north of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003; Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003. Stenamma westwoodi Westwood, 1840 Momchilgrad (ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ, 1992: 105). Aphaenogaster epirotes (Emery, 1895) Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, 5.5.2003. Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latreille, 1798) Momchilgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ, 1992: 110). Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798) Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003, 4.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; north of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910 Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Messor semirufus (André, 1883) Harmanli Distr., 30.9.1955; Kardjali Distr., 31.8.1958 (ATANASSOV & VASILEVA, 1976: 218). Messor structor (Latreille, 1798) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Distr., 6.5.2003. Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1848) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Distr., 6.5.2003.
Formicidae
509
Leptothorax affinis Mayr, 1855 Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003. Temnothorax semiruber (André, 1881) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Byal Izvor, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Kokiche Village, 6.5.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Tetramorium forte Forel, 1903 Harmanli Distr. (ATANASSOV & VASILEVA, 1976:219). New records: Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Kokiche Village, 6.5.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883 Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Strongylognathus testaceus (Schenck, 1852) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003. Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798) Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Crematogaster schmidti (Mayr, 1852) Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; north of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Meden Buk, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003.
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Crematogaster sordidula (Nylander, 1849) Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Dolichoderinae Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1771) Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Liometopum microcephalum (Panzer, 1798) Pastrook Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.8.2000 (I. Gjonov leg.). Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798) Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis (Roger, 1863) Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Formicinae Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille, 1798) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Beli Plast Village, Kardjali Distr., 29.4.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003, 4.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.04.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Lepisiota frauenfeldi (Mayr, 1855) Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Camponotus aethiops (Latreille, 1798) Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003; Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; north of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Camponotus ligniperda (Latreille, 1802) Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino Distr., 28.4.2003.
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Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763) Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Camponotus samius Forel, 1888 Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1791) Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003; Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825) Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Padalo Village, Krumovgrad Distr., 6.5.2003; north of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003. Camponotus dalmaticus (Nylander, 1849) Momchilgrad (ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ, 1992: 224). New record: Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Camponotus truncatus (Spinola, 1808) Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Prenolepis nitens (Mayr, 1852) Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003. Lasius alienus (Förster, 1850) Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003; Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino Distr., 28.4.2003; Zvezdel Village, Momchilgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003; between Odrintsi Village and Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003; Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003. Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1791) Padalo Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003. Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798) Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003.
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A. LAPEVA-GJONOVA Lasius umbratus (Nylander, 1846) Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003.
Formica balcanina Petrov & Colingwood, 1993 Byal Izvor Village, Ardino Distr., 27.4.2003; Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino Distr., 28.4.2003; Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003. Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 Dedets Village, Zlatograd Distr., 27.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 30.4.2003; Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Formica gagates Latreille, 1798 Kokiche Village, Kardjali Distr., 6.5.2003; Madjarovo Distr., 2.5.2003; Malko Popovo Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003; Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 5.5.2003. Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003. Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 North of Malki Voden Village, Madjarovo Distr., 4.5.2003. Proformica striaticeps (Forel, 1911) Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Senoklas Village, Madjarovo Distr., 3.5.2003. Cataglyphis lividus bulgaricus Atanassov, 1982 Odrintsi Village, Gugutkovo Village, Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 22.5.1964 (ATANASSOV, 1982: 213; ATANASSOV & DLUSSKIJ, 1992: 293). Cataglyphis nodus (Brullè, 1832) Momchilgrad, 30.4.2003; Madjarovo, 2.5.2003; between Dabovets Village and Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad Distr., 4.5.2003.
Discussion On the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes 48 ant species of 4 subfamilies have been estimated: Ponerinae – 1 species, Myrmicinae – 19 species, Dolichoderinae – 4 species and Formicinae – 24 species. Only 7 ant species have been recorded for the area until this study – Myrmica rugulosa, Stenamma westwoodi, Aphaenogaster gibbosa, Messor semirufus, Tetramorium forte, Camponotus dalmaticus and Cataglyphis lividus. For Tetramorium forte and Camponotus dalmaticus new localities have been added and the species list has been enriched by another 41 species new to the Eastern Rhodopes. Cataglyphis lividus bulgaricus is an endemic species for this region.
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References ATANASSOV N. 1982. Neue Ameisen aus den Gattungen Messor und Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Waldhygiene, 14 (7): 209-214. ATANASSOV N., DLUSSKIJ G. 1992. Fauna Bulgarica. 22. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Sofia. 310 pp. (In Bulgarian). ATANASSOV N., VASILEVA E. 1976. Neue und Seltene Ameisenarten (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) für Bulgariens Fauna. – In: Terrestial fauna of Bulgaria. Materials. Sofia, 217-223. (In Bulgarian, summ. German).
Author‘s address: Albena Lapeva-Gjonova Sofia University Faculty of Biology Department of Zoology and Anthropology 8, Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Мравки (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) от Източните Родопи (България) Албена ЛАПЕВА-ГЬОНОВА (Р е з ю м е) Установени са общо 48 вида мравки от българската част на Източните Родопи. От тях 41 вида се съобщават за първи път за района.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Krassimir KUMANSKI
Kumanski K. 2004. Trichoptera (Insecta) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 515-524. Abstract. A thorough review of the so far known faunistic data on the Trichoptera from the Eastern Rhodopes is done. Eighty-one species from 39 genera and 15 families are listed. Notes on the main ecological categories appearing there are made, and typical examples for each category are given. Zoogeographical notes are also made, the basic categories correspondingly illustrated with some of the most characteristic representatives. The regions with higher biodiversity, i.e. which need to be protected, are pointed out. Key words: Trichoptera, faunistics, zoogeography, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece.
Introduction The Rhodopes Mts. is the vastest mountain within the Rila-Rhodopean. PESHEV (1975) defines its territory as 17 737 sq. km. As far as this author concerns the Bulgarian part of the mountain only, ignoring the Greek part, the whole territory of the Rhodopes is, in fact, somewhat larger. It is divided into two, more or less similar, territories – the Western- and the Eastern Rhodopes. The border between these regions follows the upper valley of the Arda River and the Kayaliyka River from the South to the North, both the rivers representing right conf luents of the Maritsa River. The northern and eastern borderds pass along the Maritsa Valley, and the southern ones go more or less closely along the Aegean coastline in Greece. However, the greater part of the Eastern Rhodopes lies in Bulgaria, and their small, southeastern portion is situated in NE Greece. Contrary to the Western Rhodopes, most of the Eastern Rhodopes represent a semimountainous and hilly land, with a few proper mountain ridges along the BulgarianGreek border. The highest summits are in these ridges: the Veykata Summit (1483 m a.s.l.) in the Gyumurdjinski Snezhnik Ridge, and the Kodjaele Summit (1267 m a.s.l.) in the Maglenik Ridge. The Pierias Mt., with its highest point Sape (1065 m a.s.l.) is a well isolated massive, situated entirely in Greece. The Eastern Rhodopes territory in general is steadily lowered in the west-east direction, the above sea altitude in the easternmost regions falling down to less than 100 m a.s.l.
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All the running waters there flow into the Aegean basin. A great deal of them are tributaries of the central river of Arda, which is a right confluent of the Maritsa River. A few torrents from the northern part flow directly into the Maritsa River, and several other mouth directly into the sea. The natural landscape of the Arda River is now changed by a series of dams along the middle stretch of the river. A good deal of the territory is now deforested and used for extensive agriculture activity, or it is occupied by secondary shrub vegetation. All this has a negative impact both on the regularity of the streams, and on the water quality. Temporary, summerdry torrents are quite usual in the Eastern Rhodopes. The caddisfly fauna of the eastern part of the Rhodopes, opposite to that of the western part of the mountain, remains still insufficiently studied. The first three species were published by BOTOSANEANU & SYKORA (1963). Later on, nine other species were announced by NOVAK (1971). KUMANSKI (1974) described Hydropsyche valkanovi from two Bulgarian localities, one of them in the Eastern Rhodopes. In his generalized paper on the Rhodopes, KUMANSKI (1975) lists 96 species altogether. The great deal of those species, however, are given with localities in the Western Rhodopes and the ones from the Eastern Rhodopes repeat the data of the first two publications mentioned above. The most important contribution to that region’s fauna is given in the two volumes of the Series Fauna of Bulgaria: 15 species from the suborder Annulipalpia (KUMANSKI, 1985), and 10 species from the Integripalpia (KUMANSKI, 1988), are mentioned in the Eastern Rhodopes for the first time. All those 25 species are indicated only in the maps of distribution, which however lack more detailed descriptions of the localities, dates, material collected, etc. The short list of papers dealing with the Trichoptera from the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rodopes ends with that of KUMANSKI (1993), where Micropterna hatatitla Mal. is announced for the fist time in Europe. Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky has attempted a thorough and long-term investigation of the Trichoptera of Greece. Thanks to his courtesy, I include here his not yet published data (MALICKY, in prep.) on the caddisflies he has collected in the NE Greece, i.e. in the Provinces of Rhodopi and of Evros.
Material and methods The material concerned here originates from 47 localities (Fig. 1), 59 samples respectively. Thirty-eight of the localities are in the Bulgarian part, and the last nine – in the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Eighty-one species taxa, belonging to 39 genera, 15 families respectively, are found to occur there. Out of them, one species is represented in the material by unidentifiable females only, and is given as Glossosoma sp. Furthermore, Sericostoma sp. is mentioned only by RUSSEV (1964). Since this is based only on larvae and empty cases, on the one hand, and having in mind that these stages are hardly distinguishable from those of the closest genus Oecismus, on the other hand, I include this data with a certain doubt. The taxonomic part of the present paper, as far as the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is concerned, is based mainly on the above-mentioned publications. However, the knowledge on the chorology of a series of the species is enlarged by lots of new localities listed below. Here there is also detailed data on the collecting time and the
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Fig. 1. Map of the localities quantity/quality of the material. Wormaldia triangulifera, Micropterna taurica, Leptocerus interruptus and Ceraclea dissimilis are reported for the first time from the Rhodopes as a whole. Predominant are the adults, a good deal of which are collected on artificial light. Samples without collector’s name indicated, have been collected by the author. Except for the samples collected by Dr. L. Botosaneanu (then Bucharest) and Dr. K. Novak (Prague), the material is preserved in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. As to the material from Greece, the greater part of it is still not published. Thus, most of the species from there appear to be newly reported for the investigated area. This material is in the collection of Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky, Lunz am See, Austria. I would like here to express my thanks to all the colleagues, who have supported this study by contributing their still unpublished data – Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky, or by giving at my disposal the collected Trichoptera and above all to Dr. Stoyan Beshkov, as well as to the other colleagues from the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, mentioned below in the List of localities.
List of localities 1. Torrent Elhovska Reka, right confluent of Arda River above Rudozem, 950 m a.s.l., 6.6.1977; 2. Arda River, Rudozem, 950 m a.s.l., 4.9.1956 (leg. L. Botosaneanu);
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3. Arda River, Ardino, 685 m a.s.l., 5.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 4. Torrent, left tributary to Arda River near Ardino, 600 m a.s.l., 5.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 5. Belite Brezi Hut, above Ardino, 720 m a.s.l., 2.6.1981 (leg. J. Ganev, on light); 6a. Arda River, Studen Kladenets Hut, 275 m a.s.l., 13.5.1990 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 6b. ibid., 23.5.1990 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 6c. ibid., 18.9.1995 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 6d. ibid., 5.11.1989 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 6e. ibid., 30.11.1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 6f. ibid., dry material collected in electric globes on 24.12.1989 (leg. S. Beshkov); 7a. Arda River, Studen Kladenets Village, 260 m a.s.l., 13.5.1990 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 7b. ibid., 30.11.1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 8a. Arda River, Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 194 m a.s.l., 5.6.10.1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 8b. ibid., 8.8. 1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 8c. ibid., 6.6. 1998 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 9. Arda River, 10 km below Studen Kladenets Dam, ca. 250 m a.s.l., 18.4.1977; 10a. Arda River, 2 km NE Madjarovo, 160 m a.s.l., 29.4.-20.5.2001 (leg. H. Eturska, Malaise trap); 10b. ibid., 26.9.-14.10.2000 (leg. H. Eturska, Malaise trap); 10c. ibid., 2-3.5.2003 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 11. Arda River, Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, ca. 400 m a.s.l., 5.-6.10.1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 12. Perperek River, left confluent of Arda River, 14 km NE Kardjali, ca. 300 m a.s.l., 2.6.1967; 13. Torrent, below the Karangil Cave near Shiroko Pole Village, 10 km E Kardjali, ca. 385 m a.s.l., 17.4.1977; 14. Torrent, left confluent of Arda River, 600 m a.s.l., 28-29.4.1970; 15. Torrent, confluent of Studen Kladenets Dam, ca. 380 m a.s.l., 10.5.1960 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 16. Torrent Buyukdere, 8 km below Studen Kladenets Dam, ca 260 m a.s.l., 18.4.1977; 17. Dyushundere, right confluent of Krumovitsa River, between Irantepe Hill and Padalo Village, ca. 500 m a.s.l., 18.4.1977; 18. Torrent Sokolarska Reka, left confluent of Byala Reka River, near Chuchuliga Village, 438 m a.s.l., 4.6.1982 (leg. A. Popov); 19a. Varbitsa River, near Momchilgrad. 453 m a.s.l., 4.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 19b. ibid., 22.10.1989 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 20. Torrent, confluent of Varbitsa River near Momchilgrad, ca. 440 m a.s.l., 4.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 21. Spring torrents near Momchilgrad, ca. 450 m a.s.l., (leg. K. Novak); 22. Torrent Diva Reka, left confluent of Varbitsa River, Plazishte Village, 313 m a.s.l., 5.6.1982 (leg. E. Popova); 23. Varbitsa River, right confluent of Arda River, Tarnovtsi Village, ca. 320 m a.s.l., 5.6.1982 (leg. V. Yordanova); 24. Torrent, right confluent of Varbitsa River, 5 km W Podkova Village, ca 350 m a.s.l., 16.4.1977; 25. Torrent, confluent of Alamovska River, 3 km E Zlatograd, 522 m a.s.l., 16.4.1977; 26. Krumovitsa River, right confluent of Arda River, ca. 200 m a.s.l., 4.7.1962 (leg. K. Novak); 27. Krumovitsa River, 2 km above Krumovgrad, 220 m a.s.l., 18.4.1977; 28. Zvezdets Chalet, 2 km SE Krumovgrad, 250 m a.s.l., 23.10.1989 (leg. S. Beshkov. on light); 29. Krumovitsa River, Devesilitsa Village, 454 m a.s.l., 5.6.1982 (leg. A. Popov); 30. Torrent, right confluent of Krumovitsa River, between Golyamo Kamenyane Village and Avren Village, 454 m a.s.l., 19.4.1977; 31. Samarskata Cave, near Ribino Village, 494 m a.s.l., 4.6.1977 (leg. B. Nouriev); 32. Byala Reka River, 3 km above Gugutka Village, 182 m a.s.l., 19.4.1977; 33a. Byala Reka River, Meden Buk Village, 232 m a.s.l., 25.5.1990 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 33b. ibid., 20.9.1955 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 34. Byala Reka River, Siv Kladenets Village, 132 m a.s.l., 23-24.10.1998 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 35a. Byala Reka River, Belopolyane Village, 117 m a.s.l., 21.9.1995 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 35b. ibid., 7.10.1996 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 36. Spring torrent, Belopolyane Village, ca. 120 m a,s,l., 3.6.1982 (leg. P. Beron); 37. Torrent, left confluent of Byala Reka River, between Odrintsi Village and Mandritsa Village, 80 m a.s.l., 20.4.1987; 38. Armira River near Ivaylovgrad, ca. 100 m a.s.l., 4.5.2003 (leg. S. Beshkov, on light); 39. Greece, Coufovono Cave, near Coufovono Village, 4-5 km W Didimoteihon, ca. 70 m a.s.l., 28.5.1985 (leg. P. Beron);
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40. ibid., small torrent, SW Mikro Derion Village, 150 m a.s.l., 30.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 41. ibid., Luda River, 20 km NE Sape, 300 m a.s.l., 31.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 42. ibid., stream in the valley E of the Sapka Mt., 600 m a.s.l., 30.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 43. ibid., confluent torrent (leg. H. Malicky); 44. ibid., small torrents in beech forest, NE Sapka Mt., 900 m a.s.l., 30.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 45. ibid., small forest stream between Esimi Village and Leptokaria Village, 600 m a.s.l., 29.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 46. ibid., two torrents in the W-slopes of Heptadendros Mt., 400 m a.s.l., 29.5. (leg. H. Malicky); 47. ibid., 6 km N Avandas Village, 200 m a.s.l., 29.5. (leg. H. Malicky).
Ecological and zoogeographical notes As it was already mentioned, the Eastern Rhodopes almost lack typical high mountain territories. Correspondingly, typical strictly mountainous Trichoptera (e.g. the big complexes of the Drusinae, the Chaetopterygini, lots of the Limnephilini – the genera Potamophylax, Halesus, Allogamus, Rhadicoleptus, etc. elements of the family of Limnephilidae) are not found there. Thus, inhabitants of the biome type of DINODAL (MALICKY, 1983) could hardly be expected there. Totally absent are some smaller families, too – Brachycentridae, Thremmatidae, Lepidostomatidae, Odontoceridae. Several other families, which are widely spread in the high mountains, are represented here by some of their least altitude-dependent species. As a rule, the latter are found in the relatively higher terrains in the Eastern Rhodopes – the westernmost portions, along the ridges on the Bulgarian-Greek border, and in the Pierias Mt. and the adjacent ridges in Greece. Many examples of such type of species can be given, and here are some: Rhyacophilidae – Rhyacophila spp. (fasciata, fischeri, obtusa, tristis); Philopotamidae – Philopotamus montanus, Ph. variegates, Wormaldia spp. (pulla, bulgarica, occipitalis): Hydropsychidae – Hydropsyche spp. (fulvipes, instabilis). These species are typical members of the rhithral, inhabiting various small, usually forest, torrents in the mountains and the semi-mountainous areas. As a rule, those torrents have stenothermal, cool and constantly running waters. Another group of stenobionts, which require constant and cool waters for their immature life-cycle, includes the inhabitants of the crenal – springs and the uppermost stretches of the spring torrents. Typical here are Synagapetus iridipennis (Glossosomatidae), all the beraeids, some of the leptocerids (Adicella altandroconia, A. balcanica, A. syriaca). Helicopsyche bacescui (Helicopsychidae) is confined to very small, summer-dry torrents, thus appearing as an exception from the rule. Opposite to the above mentioned ecological types are the inhabitants of torrents and various small to medium rivers of the plain. The torrential species here could be classified into the complex of the hyporhithral. There predominant are some of the limnephilids: all the Limnephilus spp. established here, as well as the representatives of the complex Stenophylax - Micropterna. The immature stages of the species belonging to that complex inhabit small, often summerdry, torrents. The adults are adapted to spending the dry period aestivating in caves and similar niches, where the temperatures are more or less low and constant, and the humidity – relatively high. These species belong to the biospeleological category of the “regular trogloxenes”. Their gonads become fully developed later on, at the beginning of autumn, when the water appears again and thus enables the ovipositing. Eurhithral and hyporhithral conditions are preferred also by most of the representatives of
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Table 1 List and localities of the determined taxa Taxa Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen, 1859 Rhyacophila polonica McLachlan, 1879 Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 1840) Rhyacophila fischeri Botosaneanu, 1957 Rhyacophila obtusa Klapalek, 1894 Rhyacophila tristis Pictet, 1834 Glossosomatidae Agapetus belareca Botosaneanu, 1957 Agapetus delicatulus McLachlan, 1884 Agapetus laniger (Pictet, 1834) Synagapetus iridipennis McLachlan, 1879 Glossosoma sp. Hydroptilidae Agraylea sexmaculata Curtis, 1834 Allotrichia pallicornis (Eaton, 1873) Hydroptila lotensis Mosely, 1930 Hydroptila taurica Martynov, 1934 Hydroptila vectis Curtis, 1834 Hydroptila vichtaspa Schmid, 1959 Oxyethira falcata Morton, 1893 Philopotamidae Philopotamus montanus (Donovan, 1813) Philopotamus variegatus (Scopoli, 1763) Wormaldia asterusia Malicky, 1972 Wormaldia bulgarica Novak, 1971 Wormaldia charalambi Malicky, 1980 Wormaldia subnigra McLachlan, 1865 Wormaldia occipitalis (Pictet, 1834) Wormaldia triangulifera McLachlan, 1878 Psychomyiidae Psychomyia pusilla (Fabricius, 1781) Lype reducta (Hagen, 1868) Tinodes kimminsi Sykora, 1962 Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan, 1878 Tinodes waeneri (Linnaeus, 1758) Ecnomidae Ecnomus tenellus (Rambur, 1842) Polycentropodidae Polycentropus flavomaculatus (Pictet, 1834) Polycentropus ierapetra Malicky, 1972 (ssp. ?) Cyrnus trimaculatus (Curtis, 1834) Hydropsychidae Diplectrona atra McLachlan, 1878 Hydropsyche emarginata Navas, 1923 Hydropsyche fulvipes (Curtis, 1834) Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis, 1834) Hydropsyche valkanovi Kumanski, 1974
Localities 25: 1 †; 30: 2 †, 3 pu, 3 la; 32: 1 †, 3 ‡‡ pu; 37: 1 †, 4 ‡‡ pu 1: 3 ††; 42:3 ††, 1 ‡; 43: 7 ††; 45: 1 † 2: †† pu, la; 10a: 3 ††; 10c: 11 ††; 33a: 1 † 40: 1 †; 41: 2 ††, 5 ‡‡; 42: 36 ††, 26 ‡‡; 43: 21 ††, 10 ‡‡; 44: 13 ††, 2 ‡‡; 45: 13 ††, 1 ‡; 46: 3 ††; 47: 2 ††, 3 ‡‡ 4: 5 ††, 2 ‡‡ 12: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 43: 8 †† 23: 2 ††; 29: 4 ††, 1 ‡; 33a: 16 ††, 40 ‡‡; 40: 1 †; 41: 28 ††, 22 ‡‡; 42 12 ††, 67 ‡‡; 45: 5 ††, 6 ‡‡; 47: 2 ††, 49 ‡‡ 42: 1 † 22: 2 ††; 33a: 1 † 43: 3 ††, 1 ‡; 44: 1 †; 45: 1 † 33a: 1 ‡ 16: 4 la; 32: 5 la 33a: 1 ‡ 16: 4 ††, 2 ‡‡ pu, 25 la; 23: 1 †, 1 ‡ 15: 2 †† pu, ~ la 12: 3 ††; 19a: 12 ††, 8 ‡‡; 21: 1 ‡; 26: 1 ‡ 40: 4 ††, 3 ‡‡; 41: 13 ††, 3 ‡‡; 42: 130 ††, 13 ‡‡; 47: 28 †† 19a: 3 †† 42: 3 ‡‡; 43: 14 ††, 7 ‡‡; 45: 2 ††, 1 ‡ 25: 3 ††, 1 ‡ 41: 1 †; 43: 1 †; 45: 1 † 14: 1 †; 44: 4 † 41: 4 ††,2 ‡‡; 42: 5 ††, 1 ‡; 44: 3 ††, 3‡‡; 47: 1 † 41: 38 ††, 5 ‡‡ 47: 8 ††, 3 ‡‡ 8c: 1 † 8c: 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; 10a: ~ ††, ‡‡; 10b: 775 (††, ‡‡); 16: 2 ††; 19a: 1 †; 23: 4 ††, 5 ‡‡; 26: 1 ‡; 29: 8 ††, 11 ‡‡; 30: 4 ††, 1 ‡; 33a: 3 ††, 3 ‡‡; 35a: 2 ‡‡ 43: 1 †, 1 ‡ 43: 1 † 1: 1 †, 2 ‡‡ pu; 3: 1 †; 16: 1 †, 2 †† pu, 2 la; 30: 2 ††; 36: 1 †, 6 ‡‡; 46: 1 †; 47: 6 ††, 2 ‡‡ 47: 1 ‡F 8c: 1 †, 3 ‡‡; 35b: 4 ‡‡ 25: 4 ††; 27: 1 †; 30: 5 ††; 32: 1 †; 42: 5 ††, 1 ‡; 43: 1 ‡ 47: 1 †, 1 ‡ 10a: 19 ††, 1 ‡; 10b: 44 ††, 10 ‡‡; 32: 1 †; 33b: 3 ††, 1 ‡ 45: 1 ‡ 9: 1 †; 13: 9 pu (3 ††), 3 la; 16: 1 †; 19a: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 30: 2 ††; 33a: 1 †; 37: 2 †† 27: 1 † 5: 2 ††, 4 ‡‡ 8b: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 8c: 1 †; 9: 1 †; 10c: 7 ††, 1 ‡; 13: 2 †† pu; 21: 1 †; 33a: 2 ††
Tricoptera (Insecta)
521
Taxa
Localities
Hydropsyche bulbifera McLachlan, 1878
7a: 3 ††; 8a: 2 ††, 7 ‡‡; 8c: 1 †; 9: 4 ††; 10a: 1 †; 10b: 1 †, 4 ‡‡; 10c: 4 ††, 7 ‡‡; 16: 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; 22: 1 †; 23: 2 ††, 5 ‡‡; 33a: 1 †; 35a: 2 ††, 13 ‡‡; 37: 3 †† 4: 1 †, 1 ‡; 19a: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 26: 3 ††, 1 ‡; 27: 1 †, 1 ‡ 22: 1 † 27: 1 †, 1 ‡; 29: 1 †; 30: 2 ††; 32: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 33a: 3 ††; 33b: 2 ††, 5 ‡‡ 8c: 3 †† 25: 2 †† 19a: 1 †; 22: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 23: 4 ††, 2 ‡‡; 29: 6 ††, 1 ‡
Hydropsyche bulgaromanorum Malicky, 1977 Hydropsyche incognita Pitsch, 1993 Hydropsyche pellucidula (Curtis, 1834) Hydropsyche angustipennis (Curtis, 1834) Hydropsyche saxonica McLachlan, 1884 Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet, 1834) Limnephilidae Limnephilus decipiens (Kolenati, 1848) Limnephilus lunatus Curtis 1834 Limnephilus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Limnephilus bipunctatus Curtis, 1834 Limnephilus affinis Curtis, 1834 Limnephilus hirsutus (Pictet, 1834) Limnephilus vittatus (Fabricius, 1798) Grammotaulius nigropunctatus (Retzius, 1783) Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retzius, 1783) Stenophylax meridiorientalis Malicky, 1980 Stenophylax mitis McLachlan, 1875 Micropterna nycterobia McLachlan, 1875 Micropterna caesareica Schmid, 1959 Micropterna malaspina Schmid, 1955 Micropterna hatatitla Malicky, 1985 Micropterna sequax McLachlan, 1875 Micropterna taurica Martynov, 1917 Mesophylax impunctatus McLachlan, 1884 Goeridae Goera pilosa (Fabricius, 1775) Beraeidae Beraea tschundra Malicky, 1977 Beraemyia hrabei Mayer, 1937 Ernodes articularis (Pictet, 1834) Sericostomatidae Oecismus monedula (Hagen, 1859) (?) Sericostoma sp. Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche bacescui Orghidan & Botosaneanu, 1953 Calamoceratidae Calamoceras illiesi Malicky & Kumanski, 1974 Leptoceridae Athripsodes longispinosus (Martynov, 1909) Ceraclea dissimilis (Stephens, 1836) Leptocerus interruptus (Fabricius, 1775) Ylodes simulans (Tjeder, 1929) Adicella altandroconia Botosaneanu Novak, 1965 Adicella balcanica Botosaneanu Novak, 1965 Adicella syriaca Ulmer, 1907 Oecetis testacea (Curtis, 1834) Mystacides azurea (Linnaeus, 1761)
34: 6 ††, 8 ‡‡ 5: 1 †, 2 ‡‡; 34: 1 †, 2 ‡‡; 35b: 1 †, 1 ‡ 18: 1 ‡ 5: 1 ‡ 5: 1 †; 9: 1 †; 10c: 1 †; 19b: 1 †; 24: 1 †; 27: 4 ††, 6 ‡‡; 35b: 1 ‡ 35a: 1 ‡ 5: 1 † 5: 1 † 35a: 2 †† 5: 1 †, 2 ‡‡; 6d: 1 ‡; 34:1 †, 1 ‡; 45: 1 ‡ 43 1 †; 44: 2 †† 6d: 8 ††, 1 ‡; 7b: 1 †, 2 ‡‡; 8a: 1 ‡ 5: 1 †; 6f: 2 ††; 8a: 1 †, 3 ‡‡; 11: 2 ††; 28: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 34: 5 ††, 2 ‡‡; 35b: 2 ††; 37: 1 † pu; 42: 1 †, 1 ‡ 31: 1 †; 39: 1 ‡ 6b: 2 ††; 6g: 3 ††, 1 ‡; 8a: 1 †; 19b: 1 ‡; 28: 3 ††, 1 ‡; 33a: 1 †; 35a: 1 ‡ 5: 3 ††, 1 ‡; 8c: 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; 33a: 2 ‡‡; 42: 24 ††, 31 ‡‡; 43: 4 ††, 8 ‡‡; 45: 1 † 10c: 1 † 7b: 1 ‡ 8c: 8 ††, 9 ‡‡; 10a: 13 ††, 2 ‡‡; 33a: 3 ††, 2 ‡‡ 42: 1 † 15: 2 pu († & ‡) 47: 1 ‡ 5: 1 †; 42: 2 ††, 1 ‡; 43: 4 ††, 1 ‡; 45:1† 2: ~ la, empty cases 33a: 1 ‡; 45: 1 † 43: 3 †† 47: 1 ‡ 8c: 3 ††, 1 ‡ 8c: 3 ††, 1 ‡ 22: 1 † 26: 1 † 47: 3 ††, 5 ‡‡ 43: 4 ††, 2 ‡‡ 41: 1 † 33a: 1 ‡ 42: 2 ††
Abbreviations: la - larvae; pu – pupae; ~ - uncounted, numerous material
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some other families in the investigated area. Here the hydroptilids Hydroptila lotensis, H. taurica, H, vecris, H. vichtaspa, Oxyethira falcata, as well as some psychomyiids (Tinodes kimminsi, T. pallidulus, Lype reducta), the polycentropodid Polycentropus ierapetra, the calamoceratid Calamoceras illiesi, and several leptocerids (Athripsodes longispinosus, Leptocerus interruptus, Ylodes simulans) could be mentioned. The last well -defined ecological category includes the inhabitants of the bigger torrents and rivers of the plain, i.e. those populating the potamal. As it was already mentioned above, there are no large plain rivers in the Eastern Rhodopes. Thus, the species associated with the uppermost potamal category, the epipotamal, predominate there. The leadership here is taken by a series of hydropsychids (Hydropsyche bulbifera, H. emarginata, H. valkanovi), as well as by Psychomyia pusilla (Psychomyiidae). Rhyacophila nubila appears to be the most euryoecous among the rhyacophilids and is also regularly presented in the samples from the epipotamal. There quite rare are the species, which otherwise appear abundantly in the euand the hypopotamal – Hydropsyche bulgaromanorum, H. saxonica and H. incognita. It is noteworthy mentioning the fact, that H. incognita (which is most common in the plain rivers outside the Eastern Rhodopes) is largely replaced here by its closely related species H. pellucidula (which, on its turn, is very rare and sporadically found in the rest of the country). Natural standing water basins are practically absent in the studied area. This, on the one hand, and the well known fact, that artificial lakes are not suitable habitats for lots of water insects (including Trichoptera), on the other hand, comes to explain the lack of the family Phryganeidae and some other stagnant water inhabitants (e.g. some Limmnephilus spp.). A few not so strict limnobionts – Cyrnus trimaculatus (Polycentropodidae) and Mystacides azurea and Oecetis testacea (Leptoceridae) – occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. The climatic conditions in the Eastern Rhodopes region are transitional-continental ones, with well -expressed influence of transitional-mediterranean climatic elements (GEORGIEV, 1991). This fact makes the concerned region close to the region of the Strandzha Mts. (KUMANSKI & MALICKY, 1984). One of the most interesting species found here is Calamoceras illiesi. It is the only trichopteran Tertiary relict on the Balkan Peninsula. Described from several Aegean islands (Andros, Evia) and from the Strandzha Mts., its new locality in the Pierias Mt. comes to fill in the gap in the knowledge on its distribution. The species can be placed under the category of the East Mediterranean caddisflies; the only other species from the genus occurs as a vicarious one in the Iberian Peninsula. However, the family of Calamoceratidae as a whole, is rich in other genera and species throughout the subtropics and the tropics of the world. Furthermore, a good deal of the limnephilid complex of Stenophylax - Micropterna originates from the East Mediterranean. It is represented here by 9 species altogether, some of them being more expansive and spread up to Central Europe (Micropterna nycterobia, M. sequax), while most of the remaining part is restricted mainly to the Balkans and Asia Minor. Such are, e.g., Stenophylax meridiorientalis, Micropterna malaspina, M. taurica and M. hatatitla. There are representatives of other families, which occur in the same area. Such are the Balkan endemic Rhyacophila obtusa (Rhyacophilidae), several philopotamids (Wormaldia asterusia, W. bulgarica, W. charalambi), the hydropsychid Hydropsyche valkanovi, the leptocerid Athripsodes longispinosus, etc. Some representatives of the Stenophylax - Micropterna complex (Stenophylax mitis, Micropterna sequax) are distributed throughout the whole Mediterranean region except for the northern coasts of Africa. The latter could be referred to the Holomediterranean zoogeographical category of caddisflies.
Tricoptera (Insecta)
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The categories of species with a large distribution consist as a rule of Trichoptera of the plain. The category of the European ones contains several rhyacophilids (Rhyacophila fasciata, Rh. polonica, Rh. nubia, Rh. tristis), some glossosomatids (Agapetus delicatulus, A. laniger, Synagapetus iridipennis), a few limnephilids (Limnephilus lunatus, L. hirsutus), Oecismus monedula (Sericostomatidae), and several leptocerids (Leptocerus interruptus, Oecetis testacea, Ylodes simulans). Both the species - the ones spread in the Central- and the SE-Europe, and the holoeuropean ones are treated together here. Some of the latter are penetrating in SE direction trough Asia Minor and/or the Caucasus as far as Northern Iran and even Afghanistan. The next category unites the Trichoptera of Eurosiberian type of distribution. There predominant are some representatives of the Limnephilidae (Limnephilus decipiens, L. vittatus, Glyphotaelius pellucidus). The Palearctic group includes again several limnephilids (Limnephilus griseus, L. affinis, Grammotaulius nigropunctatus), as well as Mystacides azurea (Leptoceridae) and Cyrus trimaculatus (Polycentropodidae). In comparison with the fauna of Trichoptera in the remaining part of Bulgaria, except for the Strandzha Mts. (and from the Western Rhodopes in particular), the percentage of the Mediterranean, warm adapted elements, is notably higher in the Eastern Rhodopes. This makes the investigated area one of the most interesting ones on the Balkans from a zoogeographical point of view. The Eastern Rhodopes could be regarded as a bridge for penetration of Trichoptera from Asia Minor towards Europe, and vice versa. The so far available faunistic data are not sufficient for a more detailed zoogeographical analysis. Nevertheless, several preliminary ideas about some regions with high biodiversity, correspondingly worth of being recommended for protective measures, could be proposed. The Pierias Mt. in Greece appears to be the first in species’ richness. The Byala Reka River is the other region rich in well preserved and rare and interesting caddisfly populations. The same could be said, though in a somewhat preliminary way due to the lack of sufficient faunistic data, about the highest ridges along the Bulgarian-Greek border – the Gyumyurdjinski Snezhnik Ridge, and the Maglenik Ridge.
Referenses BOTOSANEANU L., SYKORA J. 1963. Nouvelle contribution à la connaissance des Trichoptères de Bulgarie. - Acta faun. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 9: 121-142. GEORGIEV M. 1991. Physical Geography of Bulgaria. Univ. Kliment Ochridski Edit. House, Sofia. 406 pp. (In Bulgarian). KUMANSKI K. 1974. Le groupe fulvipes-instabilis du genre Hydropsyche Pict. En Bulgarie, avec description de deux nouvelle espèces (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). - Nouv. Rev. Ent., 4 (2): 145-152. KUMANSKI K. 1975. Études sur la faune et l’écologie des trichoptères des Rhodopes. - In: Peshev G. et al. (eds). La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 65-91. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., French). KUMANSKI K. 1985. Trichoptera. Annulipalpia. Fauna bulgarica, Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 15: 243 pp. (In Bulgarian). KUMANSKI K. 1988. Trichoptera, Integripalpia. Fauna bulgarica, Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 18: 354 pp. (In Bulgarian). KUMANSKI K. 1993. Addition to Volume 15 (Trichoptera, Annulipalpia) and Volume 19 (Trichoptera, Integripalpia) of the Series “Fauna of Bulgaria”. - Hist. nat. bulg., 4: 39-46. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KUMANSKI K., MALICKY H. 1984. On the fauna and the zoogeographical significance of Trichoptera from the Strandzha Mts. (Bulgaria). – In: Morse J. (ed.). Proc. of the Fourth Int. Symposium on Trichoptera. Series Entomologica, Junk, The Hague, 30: 197-201.
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MALICKY H. 1983. Chorological patterns and biome types of European Trichoptera and other freshwater insects. - Arch. Hydrobiol., 96: 223-244. MALICKY H. In preparation. Die Köcherfliegen Griechenlands. Denisia, Linz. NOVAK K. 1971. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Köcherfliegen Bulgariens (Trichoptera). - Acta faun. ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 14: 101-114. PESHEV G. 1975. Orographic and climatic features of the Rhodopes Mts. in connection wirh the fauna investigated. - In: Peshev G. et al. (eds.). La faune des Rhodopes. Materiaux. Acad. Bulg. Sci., Sofia, 510. (In Bulgarian). RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 17: 5-49. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
Author’s address: Dr. Krassimir Kumanski National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Ручейниците (Insecta: Trichoptera) от Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Красимир КУМАНСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Извършен е преглед на установените досега в района на Източните Родопи таксони от разред Trichoptera. Данните за видовия състав от българския дял на планината са главно по съществуващите в литературата сведения. Почти всички те са заимствани от двете монографии на автора (КУМАНСКИ, 1985; 1988). Доколкото в тези трудове разпространението на видовете е отбелязано само на съответните карти, тук за първи път се дава подробна информация за датите и авторите на сборовете и количеството и жизнените стадии на събраните индивиди. За голяма част от видовете се публикуват и редица нови находища. Wormaldia triangulifera McL., Micropterna taurica Mart., Leptocerus interruptus (Fabr.) и Ceraclea dissimilis (Steph.) са установени за първи път в Родопите. Сведенията за ручейниците от гръцкия дял на Източните Родопи са по подготвяната, но още непубликувана монография на проф. д-р Ханс Малицки, Австрия (MALICKY, in prep.). Двадесет и два от тези видове се съобщават за първи път от Източните Родопи. Общо материалът е от 59 сбора, извършени в 38 находища в България и от 9 находища в Гърция (фиг. 1). Установени са 81 вида от 39 рода и 15 семейства (табл. 1). Поместени са екологични и зоогеографски бележки. В тях накратко са разгледани основните екологични групи и най-главните зоогеографски категории, включващи ручейниците от изследвания район, като за всяка от тях са посочени достатъчно примери. На примера на няколко общи за Родопите и Западна Мала Азия видове е показана ролята на Източните Родопи (наред със Странджа) като важен път за двупосочното проникване и обмен между европейската и азиатската фауни. Въпреки констатацията, че проучванията върху биоразнообразието на групата в изследвания район са все още недостатъчни за по-категорични заключения и изчерпателен зоогеографски анализ, побогатите и интересни във фаунистичен аспект райони от Източните Родопи могат да бъдат очертани. Това са преди всичко масивът Пиериас (Пеперуда планина) в Гърция, поречието на Бяла река, както и най-високите части от района – граничните била Гюмюрджински Снежник и Мъгленик. Те са и найперспективните като евентуални обекти за защита на съществуващото в тях биоразнообразие.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Butterflies and Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes
Stoyan BESHKOV, Mario LANGOUROV
Beshkov S., Langourov M. 2004. Butterflies and Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes. - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 525-676. Abstract. This article gives faunistical data for 1054 Lepidoptera species, of which 179 Microlepidoptera and 875 Macrolepidoptera, collected in 127 localities in the area explored. The group Macrolepidoptera is relatively well explored. The Microlepidoptera group from the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is however poorly known. For more than 15 years data, which covers the biggest part of the Eastern Rhodopes, has been collected from January to the end of December in different parts of the region and with different intensity over the years. Butterflies and skippers are collected with the classical methods. Moths are collected on different kinds of lamps, light trap and sugaring. Clearwings moths (Sesiidae) are collected by net and on pheromones as well. Some materials are collected using a Malaise trap. Several problematic species are determined by taking into account the differences in the genitalia, including the everted vesica, some of which are illustrated here. All literature sources and data from faunistical records are also included here. As a result of our research about 670 species are reported for the first time in the scientific literature as new for the Eastern Rhodopes. One subspecies was described as new for the science, one species was found to be new for Europe, seven species were new for Bulgaria, two species were new for the cave fauna of Bulgaria, one more (Xanthorhoe oxybiata) is reported here as new for the cave fauna in general. One genus Stygoides Bruand, 1853 is new for the Bulgarian fauna. 13 species (Melasina christenseni, Stygoides colchica, Depressaria badiella, Helcystogramma lineolella, Epinotia caprana, Epinotia nisella, Aethes margarotana, Dioryctria simplicella, Trachycera advenella, Udea numeralis, Oulobophora externata, Griposia wegneri and Hypena lividalis) are reported here as new for Bulgaria. Five more species (Zebeeba falsalis, Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi, Leucania herrichi, Leucania punctosa and Lycophotia molothina) in Bulgaria are known from the Eastern Rhodopes only. Many species, which till our investigation have been known only from SW Bulgaria and from singles localities in the country, were found in the Eastern Rhodopes as well. The overall number of the Lepidoptera species from the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes published in this volume 1186 species, 918 of which are Macrolepidoptera. From the group Macrolepidoptera 43 species are found only in the Greek part of the mountain and 554 Macrolepidoptera species are found only in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. The number of the species common for the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the region is 321, as all of them are Macrolepidoptera. The overall number of the Lepidoptera species (Macrolepidoptera and Microlepidoptera) found only in the Bulgarian part of the mountain and published in this volume is 1143. Key words: Lepidoptera, Macrolepidoptera, Microlepidoptera, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, distribution, cave fauna, genitalia illustrations
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Introduction
In Bulgaria the order Lepidoptera is one of the best-explored groups of invertebrates although there are still some assumptions and errors about the knowledge of the group. Concerning Macrolepidoptera, this is almost the only group of insects, which is so well explored as are the vertebrates, although it is considerably larger. In Bulgaria about 2% are endemic taxa as most of them are Balkan endemic on a subspecific level. One of the reasons for the low number of endemic taxa is the well-elaborated taxonomy and faunistics of the group. In Bulgaria the order Lepidoptera is extremely abundant, which is a reason for its high diversity in terms of living forms. This requires different and specialized collecting methods in the field. In Bulgaria, respectively in the Eastern Rhodopes the adult representatives of the group can be collected during the whole year and in all possible terrestrial habitats. Concerning the Macrolepidoptera group, from the approximately 1600 species, registered in the country, about 55% of the species, which constitute Bulgarian diversity, are reported in this article as inhabiting the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. Compared to the other parts of Bulgaria, at present the Eastern Rhodopes although not studied in detail yet, can be pointed as one of the richest regions, in terms of species diversity. For comparison here are presented some data for other parts of the country: Kresna Gorge - 946 Western Rhodopes - 822 Vitosha Mountain – 888 Sinite Kamani Park near Sliven – 820 Western Stara Planina Mts. – 727 Belassitsa Mountain – 720 Zemen Gorge - 692 Volcanic Hill of Kozhuh with Rupite Place near Petrich – 692 Iskar Gorge - 550 Kastrakli Reserve in Western Rhodopes - 471 Upper Thracian Lowland – 440 In a more intensive research the number of the Macrolepidoptera species in the Eastern Rhodopes is expected to increase to about 1000. The rate of the survey of the Macrolepidoptera group in the area is about 83%, but the different parts of the region are investigated inadequately. At the same time, faunistically the Eastern Rhodopes are one of the most interesting areas in Bulgaria and Europe. Many species, previously known in Bulgaria only from the southwestern part of the country (e.g. Rethera komarovi, Agrochola osthelderi, Xanthorhoe oxybiata), were found in the Eastern Rhodopes as well. At present in Bulgaria two genera – Stygoides and Zebeeba and fifteen moth species – Melasina christenseni, Stygoides colchica, Depressaria badiella, Helcystogramma lineolella, Aethes margarotana, Dioryctria simplicella, Trachycera advenella, Udea numeralis, Oulobophora externata, Hypena lividalis, Zebeeba falsalis, Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi, Leucania herrichi, Leucania punctosa and Lycophotia molothina are known from the Eastern Rhodopes only. For the last one the Eastern Rhodopes is the only locality on the Balkan Peninsula. For many other species it is the most distant point of the species range.
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Concerning Microlepidoptera, the data from the Eastern Rhodopes are very poor. As the present authors are not well familiar with this group, almost all the data are taken from literature sources, quoted below. This is the reason for some records (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b) to be quoted exactly as they were initially published. The records of Ganev for Pyralids however are accepted without any doubt, because he was a leading specialist on this family. His original data however are from one spot only: Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. The present authors’ original data on Microlepidoptera concern mostly caves and galleries and migrants. Taking into account the present data for the Eastern Rhodopes, the original records and the data from literature sources the region, which includes the Arda Valley together with the dams Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad from Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station from West to Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village to the East, can be pointed as one with higher biodiversity. In this area, which is also the best-studied one, the biodiversity is higher – about 430 species near Studen Kladenets Village. At the second place in terms of biodiversity is the area around Madjarovo, together with Momina Skala Hut – about 428 species. Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village and Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station follow with about 260 species registered. From Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village about 180 species are registered. About 150 species are known from Dishlik-Dere Valley and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. The low number of the species recorded is a result of the irregular research there. The same is the situation with Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages, where about 100 species only are known. Another region with high biodiversity is the valley of Byala Reka River from Belopolyane Village (=Byala Polyana) to Meden Buk Village and the valley of Luda Reka River near Siv Kladenets Village. The best explored in that area is Siv Kladenets Village with more than 270 recorded species. Second comes Meden Buk Village with more than 140 species. Next is Belopolyane Village with 130 species, all of them moths and recorded in 3 collecting nights only – one in April, one in September and one in October. From Dolno Lukovo Village about 90 species are known, from Mandritsa Village - 56 and from Odrintsi Village - 40 species. The low number of the species recorded is also a result of the irregular collecting there. In both large areas pointed above, there is a significant overlap of the species composition and there are no vertical zones because of the minor differences in the altitude of the different localities. Significant differences can be foundnd however in the higher western parts of the Eastern Rhodopes. The data on them come from literature sources only (Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino – 52 species), concerning only the tribe Eupitheciini and some “rare” species, which were later found nowhere in the Eastern Rhodopes. These data can not be used to make conclusions about the biodiversity. In the relatively high region near Lebed Village, Djebel District material was collected two times only. From the 22 species recorded there, 3 are found nowhere in the Eastern Rhodopes. From the higher parts, the list here includes some data from the villages Egrek, Kremen (=Akcha) and Kirkovo as well. The data from there concern only late-autumn fauna. Faunistically, most interesting are the areas around Madjarovo, Studen Kladenets Village, Siv Kladenets Village, Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village, the Iron Bridge on
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Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, Egrek Village and Belite Brezi Hut. In further research some new, rare and faunistically interesting species are expected to be found near the villages Belopolyane and Egrek, near the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village and in some other places. These areas are so interesting because of the limestone rocks there. Unfortunately, they are still not well explored. Such not well explored regions are all the other regions except for Arda Valley eastward from Sredna Arda Railway Station, Byala Reka River valley from Meden Buk Village to its exit from Bulgaria and Luda Reka River Valley near Siv Kladenets Village. Here it is necessary to mention that the differences in the number of the species, the differentiation of the richest of species and the faunistically most interesting area are subjective, due to the different collecting methods used during the years and the different numbers of visits. It is interesting to mention that such a common species as Cucullia umbratica, Pyrria umbra, Polia nebulosa, Eremobia ochroleuca etc. have never been found in the Eastern Rhodopes, although according to the present authors they should occur there. From the rare species the same is the situation with Acronicta orientalis, Calophasia barthae, Pyrrhia treitschkei, Agrochola wolfschlaegri, Agrochola rupicapra, Dichagyris melanura, Meganola gigantula etc., which were expected, but have never been found there.
Literature sources First records of the Lepidoptera fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found in the article of BURESCH (1912), where Zerynthia cerisy from Haskovo is mentioned. Next one is the article of BURESCH & ILTSCHEW (1915), where Lemonia balcanica, Perisomena caecigena and Aporophila australis are reported as ocurring “between Lyubimets and Kardjali”. BURESCH & ILTSCHEW (1921) reported Heliothis peltigera from Kardjali. Later on, MARKOWITSCH (1923) reported Iphiclides podalirius and Nymphalis polychloros (Kardjali), Pieris brassicae (Haskovo, Kardjali, Krumovgrad), Pieris rapae (Haskovo, Kardjali, Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad), Pontia edusa, Leptidea sinapis, Polygonia c-album, Melitaea trivia, Melitaea cinxia, Argynnis paphia, Hipparchia fagi or Hipparchia syriaca (as Satyrus hermione), Lycaena phlaeas, Aricia agestis, Polyommatus belargus, Prodotis stolida, Lythria purpuraria (Krumovgrad), Limenitis camilla (Haskovo, Krumovgrad), Pyronia tithonus (Krumovgrad Distr.), Maculinaea arion (Eastern Rhodopes, without locality), Cerula vinula (Eastern Rhodopes near Arda River), Scopula ornata (southern slopes of Eastern Rhodopes). There are mentions of some other species, all of them common ones, but without localities. Some of the localities in that article at present are in Greece and are not included in the present article. Next is the article of TSCHORBADJIEV (1936), who reported Sesamia cretica Led. from the villages Novoselishte, Goren Chitak (=Gormo Voyvodino) and Maslinovo. Sesamia cretica is reported also by POPOV (1939) from Ivaylovgrad and Haskovo. In the article of TSCHORBADJIEW (1938 [1939]) Thaumetopoea solitaria is questionably reported from Alenbeyer [=Bolyartsi] Village as a harmful species on Cоtinus coggigria, Fagus, Carpinus, Quercus and other trees. Its correct identification as Thaumetopoea solitaria is confirmed by BURESCH (1940: 247). In his work the caterpillars are reported from Haskovo on Cottinus coggigria. In the catalogues of BURESCH & TULESCHKOW (1929-1947) there was reference of all published data for the Eastern Rhodopes at that time (only these of
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MARKOWITSCH quoted above) and new data, originating from the collections of the Royal Entomological Station, were included. POPOV (1952: 68-69) reported a large-scale flight of Pyrameis cardui (about 3 km long wall) on 03.4.1952 in the area around Madrets Village and Harmanli, coming from northeast. Some data for the region, mainly from Haskovo and Harmanli, can be found in the work of TULESKOV (1965). The data from Harmanli are mainly from the Harmanliyska Reka valley, which indeed belongs to the Eastern Rhodopes. Other records but only for the groups Bombyces and Sphinges, most of them original are present in the catalogue of GANEV (1984d). There are reports on the following species: Lemonia balcanica, Perisomena caecigena, Trichiura crataegi (Kardjali), Phalera bucephala, Stauropus fagi (last one probably wrongly instead Cerula vinula), Spatalia argentina, Notodonta dromedarius, Drymonia melagona, Drymonia velitaris, Clostera curtula, Macrothylacia rubi, Dendrolimus pini, Phillodesma tremulifolia, Agrius convolvuli, Hyloicus pinastri, Dilina tiliae, Laothoe populi, Proserpinus proserpina, Deilephila porcellus, Lamellocossus terebra, Apoda limacodes, Drepana binaria, Drepana cultraria, Cilix glaucata, Habrosyne pyritoides, Ocneria rubea, Miltochrista miniata, Eilema sororcula, Lithosia quadra, Spilosoma lubricipeda, Diaphora luctuosa (Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino) and Phragmatobia caesarea (Harmanli). Data for the tribe Eupitheciini can be found in the catalogue of GANEV (1985a), where from the Eastern Rhodopes the following species are published: Eupithecia distinctaria (Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino and Zlatograd), Eupithecia vulgata, Eupithecia subfuscata, Eupithecia icterata, Eupithecia orphanata, Chloroclystis chloerata and Chloroclystis rectangulata (Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino). GANEV (1988a) reported Hipparchia syriaca from Kardjali. Another article, containing some data from the Eastern Rhodopes is that of TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV (1975a). In the article, dedicated entirely to the whole Rhodopes, the following species are reported from the Eastern Rhodopes: Idaea filicata (The border post near Avren Village), Rhodometra sacraria (The border post near Avren Village and Kardjali), Horisme corticata (The border post near Avren Village and Momchilgrad), Scopula immorata (The border post near Avren Village and Krumovgrad), Phytometra viridaria (The border post near Avren Village, Dabovets Village, Ivaylovgrad), Eucrostes indegenata (The border post near Avren Village and Ivaylovgrad), Idaea dimidiata (reported as didimata), Idaea seriata, Idaea inquinata, Selidosema plumaria, Yigoga forcipula, Hadena compta, Mythimna turca, Catocala sponsa, Cucullia santonici (Kardjali), Scoliopteryx libatrix (Kardjali, Krumovgrad), Idaea ostrinaria (Kardjali, Popsko and Mandritsa villages), Euphyia putridaria, Epione repandaria (Kardjali, Dabovets Village), Macaria aestimaria (Kardjali, Podrumche Village), Macaria alternaria (Kardjali, Plevun Village), Paracolax tristalis (Kardjali, Chorbadjiysko Village), Copiphana olivina, Acronicta megacephala (Kardjali, Ivaylovgrad), Orthonama obstipata (Kardjali, Svirachi Village), Melipotis suava (Kardjali, Ivaylovgrad, Mandritsa Village), Cyclophora albiocelaria, Perconia strigillaria, Hypena munitalis (Kardjali, Mandritsa Village), Aplasta ononaria (Momchilgrad, Dabovets Village and Mandritsa Village), Cyclophora punctaria, Diarsia rubi, Acronicta leporina, Ipimorpha subtusa, Heliothis armigera (Krumovgrad), Idaea pallidata (Chorbadjiysko Village), Xanthorhoe designata (Podrumche Village), Hemithea aestivaria, Ligdia adustata, Omphalophana antirrhini (Ivaylovgrad), Glossotrophia confinaria (Ivaylovgrad, Popsko Village), Boarmia viertlii (Dabovets Village), Lacanobia suasa, Calophasia opalina (Plevun Village), Idaea moniliata, Opisthograptis luteolata, Catocala elocata, Laspeyria flexula (Mandritsa Village).
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The next article of the same authors (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b) is dealing with Microlepidoptera, also in the entire Rhodopes. There the following Sesiidae species are reported from the Eastern Rhodopes: Synanthedon vespiformis, Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (The border post near Avren Village), Sesia apiformis (The border post near Avren Village, Mandritsa Village), Synanthedon myopaeformis (as myopiformis) (Chorbadjiysko Village), Bembecia uroceriformis (Kardjali, Chorbadjiysko Village), Chamaesphecia annellata (Kardjali, Mandritsa Village), Chamaesphecia astatiformis (Ivaylovgrad). In the same article there is much data concerning some families of Microlepidoptera. All of them are quoted and included in the present list below. In SLIVOV (1979) two species only are reported: Chersotis rectangula (Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino and Studen Kladenets) and Mesoligia literosa (Studen Kladenets). Another article with data, concerning Lepidoptera in the area studied, is that of SLIVOV (1972), where Eucrostes indigenata (Ivaylovgrad), Semiothisa aestimaria (Podrumiche Village) and Oria musculosa (Ivaylovgrad) are reported. SLIVOV (1973) reported a single species: Hipparchia syriaca from Mandritsa Village. In GOGOV & LOUKOV (1964) Erannis declinans is reported from Kardjali. In SLIVOV & LUKOV (1976 [1977]) data for two species only can be found, one of them (Boarmia viertlii from Dabovets Village) already published from the same locality. SLIVOV (1984) reported Janthinea frivaldszkyi from Ivaylovgrad. GANEV (1980) reported Lamelocossus terebrus, Boarmia maeoticaria, Ochrostigma velitalis, Trisatelis emortualis and Ocneria ruibea, all from Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Later on, GANEV (1982a) reported the following species, again from Belite Brezi Hut: Scopula floslactata, Scotopteryx mucronata, Chesias rufata, Plagodis dolabraria, Ennomos quercinaria, Deuteronomos fuscantaria, Fagivorina arenaria, Aethalura punctulata, Bapta bimaculata, Gnophos furvata, Ochrostigma melagona, Diaphora luctuosa, Cucullia lactucae, Euchalcia modesta, Proserpinus proserpina. In GANEV (1984a) and GANEV (1987) Eupithecia orphnata is reported again from Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino and in addition Photedes captiuncula is reported from the same locality. GANEV (1982b, 1983, 1984c, 1985c, 1986a, 1986b) reported several Pyraloidea species from the Eastern Rhodopes, mostly from Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. In the article of NESTOROVA (1980) Chesias rufata and Eupithecia abbreviata are reported from Shadiytsa Place northweste of Zlatograd. In another article of NESTOROVA (1984) Perizoma affinitata is reported from the same place. One butterfly species - Pontia chloridice is reported by ABADJIEV (1992) from Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station and from Studen Kladenets Village. ABADJIEV (1993) reported Kirinia roxelana (Arda Valley), Pieris krueperi, Pieris rapae, Pieris mannii and Pontia chloridice (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station). ABADJIEV (1995) reported Polygonia egea (Oreshari Village), Euphydryas aurinia and Hipparchia syriaca (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut near Dabovets Village), Hipparchia syriaca and Melitaea didyma meridionalis (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station), Hipparchia fatua (Studen Kladenets Village) and Limenitis reducta (Byala Reka Valley: Dolno Lukovo Village). Another three articles containing data from the Eastern Rhodopes are: ABADJIEV (1993): (Kirinia roxelana and Quercusia quercus from Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo), ABADJIEV (1994а): (Pontia chloridice from Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station) and ABADJIEV (1994b): (Pontia chloridice from Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station). GANEV & BESCHKOV (1987) reported Pyrgus sidae, Satyrium w-album and Sphinx ligustri from Studen Kladenets Dam [Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village].
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BESHKOV (1992) reported Colias erate f. chrysodona, Pieris pseudorapae balcana, Tarucus balcanicus (Garvanovo Village), Phalera bucephaloides, Cryphia ochsi (Ayda Hut near Haskovo), Orthosia rorida, Craniophora pontica (Studen Kladenets Village), Cryphia seladona burgeffi (Sussam Village near Haskovo). BESHKOV (1994) reported Colias crocea and Pieris rapae (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station and Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo), Macroglossum stellatarum (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station and Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut), Issoria lathonia (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station, Momina Skala Hut and Siv Kladenets Village), Lycaena phlaeas (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut), Prodotis stolida (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station and Luda Reka River Valley: Siv Kladenets Village), Autographa gamma (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station; Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village), Nymphalis polychloros (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village), Aporia crataegi, Pieris brassicae (Madjarovo and Siv Kladenets Village), Pontia edusa (Momina Skala Hut and Siv Kladenets Village), Pontia chloridice and Nycteola asiatica (Siv Kladenets Village), Libythea celtis (Madjarovo), Cynthia cardui and Hyles euphorbiae (Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo), Tyta luctuosa (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village and Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District), Acontia lucida (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village), Macdunnoughia confusa and Spodoptera exigua (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut), Hoplodrina blanda (Studen Kladenets Dam: Studen Kladenets Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village), Mythimna albipuncta (Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut near Dabovets Village), Mythimna vitellina and Agrotis ipsilon (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station), Mythimna l-album (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut; Momina Skala Hut and Siv Kladenets Village), Acantholeucania lorey, Noctua pronuba and Agrotis exclamationis (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village). BESHKOV (1995) reported Pieris krueperi (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village), Pontia chloridice (Studen Kladenets Dam: Shiroko Pole Village, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Siv Kladenets Village), Pieris ergane, Hypena palpalis (Studen Kladenets Village and Madjarovo), Heodes ottomana (Siv Kladenets Village and Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut near Dabovets Village), Brenthis hecate (Studen Kladenets Dam: Darets, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village), Trichiura verenae (Momchilgrad; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; between Trakiets and Konush villages; Studen Kladenets Village), Saturnia spini (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village), Perisomena caecigena (Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad, Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village), Orthistixis cribraria (Studen Kladenets Dam: between Darets and Studen Kladenets Village; Siv Kladenets Village), Еumera regina (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut), Dolbina elegans and Rethera komarovi (Studen Kladenets Village, Mandritsa Village), Thaumetopoea solitaria (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut), Ocneria lederi (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village), Parocneria terebinthi (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Sta-
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tion; Momina Skala Hut), Nycteola siculana (Studen Kladenets Village), Cryphia seladona (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut), Nychiodes amigdalaria, Zebeeba falsalis, Agrochola deleta (Siv Kladenets Village), Cucullia celsiae, Copiphana olivina (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut), Amephana dalmatica (Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village), Pyrois effusa (Madjarovo), Orectis proboscidata, Amphipyra tetra (Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo), Polyphaenes subsericata (Djebel District: Lebed Village; Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut), Xanthia cypreago (Momchilgrad; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; between Konush and Trakiets villages; between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo), Agrochola osthelderi (Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut), Agrochola gratiosa (Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut), Conistra ragusae (Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village), Xylena lunifera (Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad), Dryobotodes monochroma, Leucania herrichi (Momina Skala Hut), Spudaea pontica, Dryobotodes tenebrosa (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station), Polymixis trisignata (between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Siv Kladenets Village), Gortyna moesiaca (Momchilgrad; Momina Skala Hut; Studen Kladenets Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station), Hadula mendax (Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut), Orhosia (Dioszeghyana) schmidtii (“Kenana” near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam: Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village). Lycaena ottomana and Euphydryas aurinia from Arda Hut near Davovets Village are reported as well as in ABADJIEV (2003). The site Arda Hut is recognised there as one of the prime butterfly areas in Bulgaria. BESHKOV (1996a) reported Yigoga flavina from Siv Kladenets Village and Ivaylovgrad Dam: Arda Hut and from Dabovets Village. In BESHKOV (1993) and BESHKOV (1998) a large number of species for the Eastern Rhodopes are reported, but only one species has a locality: Cryphia seladona burgeffi (Sussam Village). Other data for the Eastern Rhodopes are present in BESHKOV & GOATER (2000): Triodia amasinus dobrogensis, Spodoptera exigua, Luperina dumerilii (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village); Triodia silvina, Crocallis elinguaria, Peribatodes umbraria, Scopula ochraceata, Eilema caniola, Dysauxes famula pontica, Hoplodrina ambigua, Thalpophila matura, Episema korsakovi, Mythimna vitellina, Noctua pronuba, Noctua comes (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village); Iphiclides posdalirius (Haskovo); Pieris rapae, Pontia edusa, Issoria lathonia, Cilix glaucata, Ennomos fuscantaria, Polypogon plumigeralis, Euxoa cos, Agrotis ipsilon (Meden Buk Village); Colias crocea, Polymixis serpentina, Tholera decimalis (Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village); Pandoriana pandora, Cymatophorima diluta, Idaea camparia, Eupithecia ericeata, Sphrageidus similis, Orectis proboscidata, Pseudoips prasinanus, Episema glaucina, Dryobotodes monochroma, Chersotis rectangula, Euxoa obelisca (Momina Skala Hut); Hipparchia syriaca, Drepana binaria (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village); Hipparchia fatua, Cryphia amasina, Mormo maura, Agrotis crassa (Studen Kladenets Village, Meden Buk Village); Lycaena phlaeas, Polyommatus icarus, Eucrostes indigenata, Glossotrophia confinaria, Gnophos sartatus, Scopula imitaria, Nycteola asiatica, Cryphia ochsi, Cryphia seladona burgeffi, Mythimna l-album (Studen Kladenets Village); Cyclophora puppillaria, Idaea degeneraria, Mesogona acetosellae, Mythimna
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albipuncta, Xestia xanthographa, Agrotis trux (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village); Timandra griseata, Idaea dimidiata, Camptogramma bilineata, Nebula ablutaria, Eupithecia orphnata, Artiora evonymaria, Crocallis tusciaria, Pterostoma palpinum, Eilema sororcula, Phragmatobia fuliginosa, Schrankia costaestrigalis, Nycteola siculana, Acontia melanura, Euchalcia consona, Trichoplusia ni, Abrostola agnorista, Amphipyra livida, Atethmia centrago, Phlogophora meticulosa, Meganephria bimaculosa, Dryobotodes carbonis, Gortyna flavago, Lacanobia oleracea, Mythimna ferrago, Leucania punctosa, Agrotis puta, Agrotis segetum (Belopolyane Village); Atethmia ambusta (Ivaylovgrad Dam: Borislavtsi Village); Scopula marginepunctata, Aspilates ochrearia, Gymnosceles rufifasciata, Thaumetopoea solitaria, Prodotis stolida, Autographa gamma, Episema tersa, Hadula trifolii (Studen Kladenets Village, Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village); Rhodometra sacraria, Xestia cohaesa (Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village); Xanthorhoe fluctuata, Lemonia balcanica, Praestilbia armeniaca (Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village); Eupithecia centaureata, Hyles euphorbiae, Macroglossum stellatarum, Catocala elocata, Lygephila craccae, Acontia lucida, Amphipyra tragopogonis, Amphipyra tetra, Helicoverpa armigera, Episema lederi, Aporophila canescens, Mesapamea secalis (Studen Kladenets Village, Belopolyane Village); Eumera regina, Nychiodes waltheri, Selidosema plumarium, Eilema pseudocomplana, Parascotia fuliginaria, Catocala nupta (Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village); Peribatodes rhomboidaria, Lasiocampa trifolii (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village, Borislavtsi Village); Campaea margaritata, Еuplagia quadripunctaria, Bena bicolorana, Paradrina flavirena, Polyphaenis subsericata, Agrochola ostheldei, Leucania herrichi, Lampra fimbriata, Epilecta linogrisea (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut); Dyscia sicanaria (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad Dam: Barrage); Agrius convolvuli (Madjarovo). In the same article data for 27 Pyralidae species from the same localities is given and all of them are included in the species list below. Almost the same data, with minor omissions, are present in the article of GOATER (1996). BESHKOV (1999) reported one species, which is new for Europe (Egira tibori), from Studen Kladenets Village and from “Kroyatsi” Hunting farm near Nanovitsa Village. In the same article Egira conspicillaris is reported from Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. BESHKOV & VASSILEV (1996) reported Pieris brassicae (Studen Kladenets Dam: Zvezdelina Village, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Siv Kladenets Village); Pontia edusa, Colias crocea (Zvezdelina Village, Krumovgrad, between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, Siv Kladenets Village); Issoria lathonia (Zvezdelina Village, between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, Arda Hut near Madjarovo, Siv Kladenets Village); Pontia chloridice, Hipparchia semele, Prodotis stolida, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Sredna Arda Railway Station); Lycaena phlaeas (Sredna Arda Railway Station, between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village); Autographa gamma (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Siv Kladenets Village); Rhodometra sacraria, Mythimna albipuncta (Studen Kladenets Village); Mythimna vitellina (Studen Kladenets Village, Siv Kladenets Village); Syntarucus pirithous (Krumovgrad), Vanessa atalanta, Mythimna l-album (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Siv Kladenets Village); Amphipyra pyramidea, Spodoptera exigua, Noctua pronuba, Peridroma saucia (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut); Helicoverpa armigera (Sred-
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na Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, Momina Skala Hut); Agrotis ipsilon (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Siv Kladenets Village); Agrotis segetum (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Momina Skala Hut, Siv Kladenets Village); Papilio machaon (between Kulich Village and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village); Orthonama obstipata, Acherontia atropos, Catocala sponsa, Chrysodeixis chalcites, Heliothis peltigera (Momina Skala Hut); Nymphalis polychloros, Polygonia c-album (Arda Hut near Dabovets Village, Siv Kladenets Village); Aporia crataegi, Gonepteryx rhamni, Nymphalis antiopa, Inachis io, Aglais urticae, Macroglossum stellatarum, Tyta luctuosa, Paradrina clavipalpis, Hoplodrina blanda, Xestia c-nigrum Agrotis exclamationis (Siv Kladenets Village). Some data on late autumn butterflies can be found in the article of ABADJIEV, TSHIKOLOVETS & BESHKOV (1999). They are all included in the species list below. Other data for the Macrolepidoptera fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found in the article of BESHKOV (1996b), who reported: Iphiclides podalirius (Haskovo); Nymphalis polychloros, Paradrina clavipalpis, Acantholeucania loreyi (Studen Kladenets Dam: Sredna Arda Railway Station); Aglius convolvuli (Madjarovo); Lycaena phlaeas (Studen Kladnets Village, Ivaylovgrad); Nycteola asiatica, Mythimna l-album (Studen Kladenets Village); Pandoriana pandora, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Momina Skala Hut); Pieris rapae (Perperek Village, Kaloyantsi Village, Ivaylovgrad, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Pontia edusa (Perperek Village, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Colias crocea (Perperek Village, Kaloyantsi Village, Sredna Arda Railway Station, Momina Skala Hut, Ivaylovgrad, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Issoria lathonia (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Helicoverpa armigera (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, Belopolyane Village); Spodoptera exigua (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Agrotis segetum (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Belopolyane Village); Agrotis ipsilon (Sredna Arda Railway Station, Momina Skala Hut, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Cyclophora puppilaria, Mythimna albipuncta (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village); Prodotis stolida (Studen Kladenets Village, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village, Belopolyane Village); Macroglossum stelatarum, Hyles euphorbiae, Acontia lucida (Studen Kladenets Village, Belopolyane Village); Lampra fimbriata, Euplagia quadripunctaria (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo); Autographa gamma (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Ivaylovgrad, Belopolyane Village, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village, Siv Kladenets Village); Mythimna vitellina, Noctua pronuba (Studen Kladenets Village, Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Rhodometra sacraria (Momina Skala Hut, Belopolyane Village, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village); Trichoplusia ni, Amphipyra pyramidea, Phlogophora meticulosa (Belopolyane Village); Pseudaletia unipuncta (Siv Kladenets Village). Slivov (pers. comm.) collected Theretra alecto cretica in the districts of Kardjali. Data for some butterflies species from Komuniga Village are published by KRZYWICKI (1981). Certain Geometridae species from the Eastern Rhodopes are present in the catalogue of NESTOROVA (1998). Many data for the superfamilies Papilionoidea and
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Hesperioidea can be found referred to and mapped on a UTM 10х10 кm grid in ABADJIEV (2001). A large amount of data for the family Noctuidae, published in the literature for the region or original unpublished data, can be found in the monograph of BESHKOV (2000). For some Microlepidoptera species original or quoted data are present in the articles of GANEV (1985b, 1985c, 1986a, 1986b, 1988b). In his articles the original data come from Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, an area from which the present authors do not have their own data. One noctuid species (Polymixis trisignata) from Siv Kladenets Village is illustrated in RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY (2001).
Material collected The data presented here results mostly from the authors’ investigations in the period 1984-2004. During 1984-1988 material was collected occasionally. Detailed study began in the autumn of 1989. Material was collected each month, including December and January, sometime several times monthly as usually several regions of the area were explored. Diurnal Lepidoptera species were collected using the classical methods. Nocturnal moths were attracted at 160, 250 or 400 W MVL, using electricy of buildings as an electrical source (chalets and single buildings with electricity). For a short period a1500 W Tg lamp was used, as well as a 400 UV lamp. After 1995 a generator was used as a source of electricity. In the last 10 years the lamps were powered by a generator, as usually a 160 W MVL together with a 25 W or an 18 W “black” lamp were used. In the last 9 years a standard light trap powered by an accumulator was also used. Last several years a sugar-wine mixture 1:1 was used as well, mostly in early spring and late autumn. Only during 1996-1997 clearwings moths (Sesiidae) were collected at different kinds of species specific and combined pheromones. Aestivated and hibernated Lepidoptera species were collected in several caves and galleries. Some materials from Madjarovo and its districts were collected by the second author, who had used a Malaise trap. Some problematic species are determined taking into account the differences in the genitalia, including the everted vesica. We received a large amount of data from the data-base of Mr Peter Davey. All these data are incorporated here. Because we have not seen the specimens observed and recorded by him, we accepted all his records without any doubt. We have commented here only on some species, which occurence in the region is doubtful and the data provided might be the result of a missidentification. Before our studies, from the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes very few species were known from single localities only. All literature sources and data from the faunistic records are included here. As a result of our research about 670 species are new for the Eastern Rhodopes, one subspecies (Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi Beshkov, 2000) was new for the science, one species (Egira tibori Hreblay, 1994) was new for Europe, five other species (Zebeeba falsalis, Orthosia schmidti, Leucania herrichi, Leucania punctosa, Lycophotia molothina) were new for Bulgaria, twelve more species (Melasina christenseni, Stygoides colchica, Depressaria badiella, Helcystogramma lineolella, Aethes margarotana, Dioryctria simplicella, Trachycera advenella, Udea numeralis, Oulobophora externata and Hypena lividalis) and one genus (Stygoides) are reported for the first time from Bulgaria, two species were new for the cave fauna of
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Bulgaria, one more (Xanthorhoe oxybiata) is reported here as new for the cavian fauna in general. Many species, which until our study had been known only from SW Bulgaria and from single localities in the country, were found in the Eastern Rhodopes. As a result of our investigations it turned out that the Eastern Rhodopes are one of the faunistically richest and one of the most interesting regions in Bulgaria, showing extremely high diversity of butterflies and moths species. In this article from the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes 1054 Lepidoptera species from 127 localities are known, distributed in families as follows: Psychidae Limacodidae Zygaenidae Sesiidae Cossidae Thyrididae Hepialidae Lasiocampidae Saturniidae Lemoniidae Sphingidae Hesperiidae Papilionidae Pieridae Lycaenidae Nymphalidae Drepanidae Geometridae Notodontidae Noctuidae Pantheidae Lymantriidae Nolidae Arctiidae Total Macrolepidoptera Adelidae Tineidae Yponeomeutidae Ypsolophidae Plutellidae Acrolepiidae Glyphipterygidae Ethmiidae Depressariidae Oecophoridae
10 1 9 15 7 1 2 15 4 1 18 17 5 18 35 53 9 207 29 359 1 12 15 25 875 2 8 2 6 1 1 1 3 3 5
Insecta: Lepidoptera Lecithoceridae Momphidae Cosmopterigidae Gelechiidae Tortricidae Alucitidae Pterophoridae Carposinidae Pyralidae Total Microlepidoptera
537
1 1 1 9 37 2 4 1 89 179
The number of the Macrolepidoptera species from the Eastern Rhodopes is expected to increase to 1000 or more. This means that in the Eastern Rhodopes probably about 61% of the Bulgarian Macrolepidoptera species occur. The most interesting areas in the Eastern Rhodopes are the Arda Valley and the basin of Byala Reka and Luda Reka Rivers. Several species, which have disappeared (Pontia chloridice for example) or which have low density in the other parts of the country, have very stabile populations in these regions. Only one legally protected species in Bulgaria (Perisomena caecigena Kupido) occurs in the Eastern Rhodopes. It is a very common species and in most of the localities it is extremely abundant. All species included in the appendixes of the international conventions are mentioned in the text. Many other records on phenology, density, ecology and other features, which were collected during the investigation, are not included here. Such data are given only for the most interesting species.
Further trends Further field research needs to explor more in detail the area west of Varbitsa river, the area between Arda River and the Thracian lowland, as well as the region between Arda River and Greece. As a whole, the data available from May to August are not sufficient enough. At the beginning of the investigation, because of the lack of own source of electricy, some important habitats were not sufficiently studied. Collecting in such habitats (limestone areas, habitats with Phyllirea etc.) is urgently needed. Collecting with light traps and sugaring in all seasons and all habitats is also urgently needed in further research on nocturnal species, as well as using pheromones for collecting Sesiidae. In Further trends it is necessary to pay attention to the larvae, especially in searching for species whose adults are not attracted by artificial light and sugar-wine mixture.
Recommendations for biodiversity support 1. To save the forest, it is necessary to forbid clear felling everywhere in the Eastern Rhodopes. The main problem is that in the region mostly wood is used for heating and in many places in the Eastern Rhodopes charcoal is produced. It is necessary to find an alternative source of heating. In felling only dead trees are to be cut and introduced foreign tree species.
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2. In further afforestation only local tree species must be used. 3. Mercury-vapor lamps in settlements and on single buildings to be replaced by halogen lamps with reddish or orange light, which are a slight attraction for insects. Insects are strongly attracted by mercury-vapor lamps, they are lost from their habitats and consequently get burned, squashed or fall victims to predators. 4. Control on mowing and pasture in natural habitats and establishing new protected areas. 5. Strict ban on the usage of pesticides in forests and non-cultivated lands. In the event of usage of pesticides in agricultural lands, airplanes are not to be used. 6. Strict ban on firing of stubblefields.
Acknowledgements We would like to express our thanks to the people who contributed and helped in the realization of this article. We are especially grateful to Mr Peter Davey, Mrs Veronica Ferdinandova, Mrs Svetlana Hristova, Mag. Boyan Petrov, Dr Milen Marinov, Mr Viktor Gashtarov, Dr Herbert Beck and Mr Dimitur Vassilev for the material and data provided.
Species collected in caves and galleries Data on cave Lepidoptera from the Eastern Rhodopes can be found only in the articles of BESHKOV (1995) and BESHKOV & PETROV (1996). All these, together with some original unpublished data are included in the list below. Up to now from the caves and galleries of the Eastern Rhodopes 15 Lepidoptera species are known, recorded in 9 caves and 5 galleries. TINEIDAE Monopis laevigella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) =rusticella (Hübner, 1796), =saturella (Haworth, 1828) Subtroglophil. Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District. Monopis obviella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=ferruginella (Hübner, 1813), nec Thunberg, 1788) Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district, 280m, 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 4 ‡‡ and 5 †† specimens, genitalia checked. ACROLEPIIDAE Digitivalva pulicariae (Klimesch, 1956) Subtroglophil? Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 400m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single † specimen, genitalia checked; Gyaur Hambar Cave above Ridino Village, 12.12.2000, hibernating in the cave, 2 ‡‡ and 1 †, genitalia checked.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
539
ALUCITIDAE Alucita cymatodactyla Zeller, 1852 Subtroglophil. Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station, Kardjali District; Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District; Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Razklonenata Peshtera (Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages. NYMPHALIDAE Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogoxen. Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village; Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (=Akcha) Village, Podkova District, 520 m, hibernating. Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogoxen. Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village 320 m, hibernating in a bunker; Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village. GEOMETRIDAE Timandra comae A. Schmidt, 1931 =griseata W. Petersen, 1902 Facultative trogoxen Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District. Xanthorhoe oxybiata (Milliére, 1872) Facultative trogoxen Samara Cave near Ribino Village. Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogloxen Razklonenata Peshtera (Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages. NOCTUIDAE Autophila limbata (Staudinger, 1871) According to BERON (1972, 1975, 1995) Autophila limbata is trogloxen. Here this species is accepted as subtroglophil. Disused mine gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village; Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino. Scoliopteryx libatryx (Linnaeus, 1758) According to GUEORGUIEV & BERON (1962), BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967) Scoliopteryx libatryx is trgloxen; According to BERON (1972, 1975, 1994) it is subtroglophil. Here also it is accepted as subtroglophil.
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Razklonenata Peshtera (Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages; Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Disused Mine Gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village; Disused Mine Gallery in Gurgen Dere Valley near Gaberevo Village, Madjarovo District; Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village. Hypena rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogloxen according to GUEORGUIEV & BERON (1962), BERON (1995). Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station; “Maarata” cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Disused Mine Gallery betwen Lozen and Cherna Mogila villages. Hypena palpalis (Hübner, 1796) Trogloxen or Subtroglophil? Disused Mine Gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village; Samara Cave near Ribino Village. Pyrois effusa (Boisduval, [1828]) Trogloxen. “Zlatnata Yama” Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district; Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 22.10.2003 on copula; Disused Mine Gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village; Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village. Mormo maura (Linnaeus, 1758) Trogloxen. Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District. List with UTM codes of the localities 1. Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District - LG 60. 2. Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station, Kardjali District - LG 71. 3. Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District - LG 71. 4. Razklonenata Peshtera (=Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages – LG 90. 5. Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (=Akcha) Village, Podkova District – LF 67. 6. Samara Cave near Ribino Village - LF 78. 7. Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village – LF 58. 8. Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 400m, N41°30’25.1"; E025°15’07.1" MH KN 21PM. 9. Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district, 280m - LG 71. 10. Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District – LG 40. 11. Disused Mine Gallery between Lozen and Cherna Mogila villages – MG 12. 12. Disused Mine Gallery in Gyurgen Dere Valley near Gaberevo Village, Madjarovo District – MG 00. 13. Disused Mine Gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village - MG 01. 14. Disused Bunker on Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village – MF 28.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
541
List of species The systematics of the families follows KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKY (1996): The Lepidoptera of Europe. Appolo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp. The systematics of the families mostly follows the different authors in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKY (1996). Localities are given mostly from west to east and from south to north. HEPIALIDAE Triodia silvina (Linnaeus, 1761) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Momina Skala Hut; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Triodia amasinus dobrogensis (Caradja, 1932) The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. ADELIDAE Nemophora metallica (Poda, 1761) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968 (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Nematopogon adansoniella (Villers, 1789) =panzerella (Fabricius, 1794) Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967, 1 †; Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). TINEIDAE Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner, 1796) Dabovets Village, 600 m, 18.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Nemapogon clematella (Fabricius, 1781) =arcella auct., nec (Fabricius, 1776) Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, 1867) Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162); The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† and 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Tinea pellionella Linnaeus, 1758 Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Monopis laevigella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=rusticella (Hübner, 1796), =saturella (Haworth, 1828) Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District.
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Monopis obviella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=ferruginella (Hübner, 1813), nec Thunberg, 1788) Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district, 280m, 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 2 ‡‡ and 3 †† specimens, genitalia checked; The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162); Dabovets Village, 18.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 162). Euplocamus anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Flies at a day time. Collected once in the second half of May in an oak forest. Euplocamus ophisa (Cramer, 1779) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Momina Skala Hut nar Madjarovo. Flies at a day time. Collected in the second half of May in an oak forest. PSYCHIDAE Melasina christenseni Hattenschwiler, 1990 Sredna Arda Railway Station, single specimen (bag), P. Hattenschwiler det. New species for the Bulgarian fauna. Eochorica balcanica (Rebel, 1919) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Rare and local species, previously known as a Balkan endemic species, recently found in Asia Minor. From the Eastern Rhodopes known only by two specimens collected in August-September. Rebelia perlucidella (Bruand, 1853) Studen Kladenets Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Local and rare species. Rebelia macedonica Pinker, 1956 Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A local and rare species. The taxa of this genus need revision. Epichnopterix kovacsi Sieder, 1955 Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District. A local and rare species. Pachythelia villosella (Ochsenheimer, 1810) Sredna Arda Railway Station. Ptilocephala plumifera (Ochsenheimer, 1810) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District; Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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Megalophanes viciella orientalis Driel Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Apterona crenulella (Bruand, 1853) (bisex. form) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 2.7.1977, often mining leafs of Teucrium chamaedrys L. (BEIGER, 1979: 498) Apterona helicoidella (Vallot, 1827) parth. form Sredna Arda Railway Station. YPONEOMEUTIDAE Yponomeuta plumbella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163). Swammerdamia pyrella (Villers, 1789) Dabovets Village, 20.7.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163). YPSOLOPHIDAE Ypsolopha asperella (Linnaeus, 1761) Often in the oak forests in the Eastern Rhodopes (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163), but without specified localities. Ypsolopha lucella (Fabricius, 1775) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 3 ‡‡ (misidentification is possible); Kardjali, 23.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163); Plevun Village, 22.7.1068, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163); Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163). Ypsolopha sylvella (Linnaeus, 1767) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Ypsolopha parenthesella (Linnaeus, 1761) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Ypsolopha sequella (Clerck, 1759) Dabovets Village, 18.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163); Plevun Village, 22.7.1068, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 163); Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, 08.8.2003, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; The Bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Ypsolopha vitella (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bridge of Arda Rived near Madjarovo.
PLUTELLIDAE Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (=maculipennis Curtis, 1832) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡ (misidentification is possible); Madjarovo, 08.8.2003, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. ACROLEPIIDAE Digitivalva pulicariae (Klimesch, 1956) Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 400m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single † specimen, genitalia checked; Gyaur Hambar Cave above Ridino Village, 12.12.2000, hybernating in the cave, 2 ‡‡ and 1 †, genitalia checked. GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE Glyphipteryx thrasonella (Scopoli, 1763) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 1 †, 23.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 167). DEPRESSARIIDAE Agonopterix alstromeriana (Clerck, 1759) Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 166). Depressaria badiella (Hübner, 1796) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg., 1 †, genitalia checked; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 2 ‡‡, genitalia checked. This species seems to be new for Bulgaria. It is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 67). Depressaria douglasella Stainton, 1849 Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked. ETHMIIDAE Ethmia pusiella (Linnaeus, 1758) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Ethmia aurif luella (Hübner, 1810) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad district.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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Ethmia bipunctella (Fabricius, 1775) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 18.05.2004, 1 †; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 † and 1 ‡. This species is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996), although it has many published localities in the country. OECOPHORIDAE Epicallima formosella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 †; Ibid, 23.7.1968, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 166). Esperia oliviella (Fabricius, 1794) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 4 ††, 23.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Oecophora bractella (Linnaeus, 1758) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Cephalispheira ferrugella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Telechrysis tripuncta (Haworth, 1828) Plevun vilage, 22.7.1968, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 166); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 166). LECITHOCERIDAE Odites kollarella (O. Costa, 1832) (=luteella Duponchel, 1840; =lutrella, incorrect subsequent spelling) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 167). MOMPHIDAE Mompha miscella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Popsko Village, 22.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). COSMOPTERIGIDAE Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller, 1847) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Chorbadjiysko Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165).
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GELECHIIDAE Metzneria aprilella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 1 †, 23.6.1969, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164). Teleiopsis diffinis (Haworth, 1829) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 3 †† and 1 ‡, genitalia of all specimens checked; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked; Popsko Village, 22.7.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164). Pseudotelphusa scalella (Scopoli, 1763) Plevun Village, 22.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164); Ivaylovgrad, 29.6.1969, 3 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164). Scrobipalpa atriplicella (Fischer v. Röslerstamm, 1841) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Stomopteryx detersella (Zeller, 1847) Krumovgrad, 20.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Mandritsa Village, 21.7.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Syncopacma taeniolella (Zeller, 1839) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165); Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969, 3 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Nothris verbascella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969, 1 † and 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 164). Dichomeris marginella (Fabricius, 1781) Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 165). Helcystogramma lineolella (Zeller, 1839)? Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked. This species seems to be new for Bulgaria, if it is correctly identified. It is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 121). LIMACODIDAE Apoda limacodes (Hufnagel, 1766) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. ZYGAENIDAE Theresimima amphelophaga (Bayle-Barelle, 1808) 4 km from the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavsi, 1‡; Above Dishlik-Dere Valley below Oreshari Village, 1†, genitalia checked. Rhagades pruni ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 1 ‡ in a Malaise trap, genitalia checked. Adscita drenowskii Alberti, 1939 Dishlik-Dere Valley between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages; Near Kovankaya, vicinity of Strandjevo Village; The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Genitalia checked. Adscita sp. Dishlik-Dere Valley between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, a single specimen, sympatric and synchronic with A. drenowskii (4.5.2000). This specimen is externally similar to the previous one, but the genitalia differ greatly (aedoeagus without cornuti) and are unknown to the present authors. Zygaena punctum Ochsenheimer, 1808 Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village. Zygaena loti ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=achilleae Esper, 1780) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. Zygaena ephialtes (Linnaeus, 1767) Near Nanovitsa Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Zygaena angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 Near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo district. Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; Southern of Madjari Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kamilski Dol Village. SESIIDAE Tintia myrmosaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. Only once 2 specimens were collected with a feromone.
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Sesia apiphormis (Clerck, 1759) The border post near Avren Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village. Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775) Mezek Village, Svilengrad District. Synanthedon formicaeformis (Esper, 1783) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single † in a Malaise trap, genitalia checked, but incorrect identification seems possible. In this species the uncus does not go ahead to the scopula. Synanthedon vespiformis (Linnaeus, 1761) The border post near Avren Village. Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789) Chorbadjiysko Village. Synanthedon conopiformis (Esper, 1782) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 22.05.2004, a single † specimen at light. Bembecia uroceriformis (Treitschke, 1834) Chorbadjiysko Village; Kardjali. Pyropteron minianiformis (Freyer, 1843) Studen Kladenets Village. Synansphecia triannuliformis (Freyer, 1845) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single † in a Malaise trap, genitalia checked. Synansphecia affinis (Staudinger, 1856) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. Only once 2 specimens were collected at feromons. Chamaesphecia annellata (Zeller, 1847) Kardjali; Mandritsa Village. Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (Esper, 1800) The border post near Avren Village. Chamaesphecia astatiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) Ivaylovgrad. Chamaesphecia tentrediniformis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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COSSIDAE Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Lamellocossus terebra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Parahypopta caestrum (Hübner, 1808) Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Dyspessa salicicola (Eversmann, 1848) Studen Kladenets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Dyspessa ulula (Borkhausen, 1790) Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; near Bivolene Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Stygoides colchica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) (=Psychidostygia tricolor (Lederer, 1858)) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single † specimen in a Malaise trap, 29.4.-20.5.2001, M. Langourov leg, genitalia checked. New genus and species for the Bulgarian fauna, in Europe known from Southern Greece only and from Turkey. Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. TORTRICIDAE Cochylimorpha straminea (Haworth, [1811]) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260 m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg., 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Eugnosta lathoniana (Hübner, 1800) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 173); Ivaylovgrad, 21.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 173). Aethes margarotana (Duponchel, 1836) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad district, 04.5.2003, S. Beshkov & V. Gashtarov leg., 1 ‡ at day time, genitalia checked. Missidentification with its closely related species Aethes williana (Brahm, 1791) however is possible. For a certain identification † genitalia
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are needed. This species is not included in RAZOWSKI: Tortricidae: in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996) and if it is correctly identified, it will be new for the Bulgarian fauna. Aethes bilbaensis (Rössler, 1847) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 173). Cochylis posterana Zeller, 1847 Mandritsa Village, 21.7.1968, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 174). Alseuncaria ruficiliana (Haworth, 1811) (=cliella Hübner, 1796, nec [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 173); Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 19.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 173). Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758 The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Acleris forsskaleana (Linnaeus, 1758) Kardjali, 23.7.1968, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170); the border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 169); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 3 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 169). Acleris rhombana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Bridge of Arda River near Madjarovo. Acleris variegana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 † (genitalia checked) and 3 ‡‡; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single ‡ specimen; Ivaylovgrad, 22.6.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Acleris hastiana (Linnaeus, 1758) Mandritsa Village, 21.7.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Acleris quercinana (Zeller, 1849) Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170); Dabovets Village, 18.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Acleris literana (Linnaeus, 1758) f. irrorana Hübner Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke, 1835) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 169); Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 169); Dabovets Village, 19.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 169).
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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Epagoge grotiana (Fabricius, 1781) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 3 ††, genitalia checked. Archips podana (Scopoli, 1763) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Müller, 1764) (=sorbiana (Hübner, 1799)) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, second half of May. Argyrotaenia ljungiana (Thunberg, 1797) (=lepidana Herrich-Schäffer, 1854; =lepideana, incorrect subsequent spelling) Chorbadjiysko Village, 22.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172). Ptycholoma lecheana (Linnaeus, 1758) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, second half of May. Apotomis turbidana (Hübner, 1825) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, 900 m, 24.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 3 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172). Epinotia caprana (Fabricius, 1798) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked, but misidentification is possible; the specimen differs from other specimens from this species from Europe. This species is not included for Bulgarian fauna in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 147), therefore if it is correctly identified, it seems to be a new species for Bulgaria. Epinotia abbreviana (Fabricius, 1794) (=trimaculana Donovan, 1806) Chorbadjiysko Village, 2.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172); Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172). Epinotia nisella (Clerck, 1759) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380 m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. This species is not included for Bulgarian fauna in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 147), therefore it is reported here as a new species for Bulgaria. Zeiraphera isertana (Fabricius, 1794) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171); Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Eucosma cana (Haworth, 1811) Ivaylovgrad, 22.7.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171).
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Gypsonoma dealbana Frölich, 1829) Plevun Village, 20.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171).
Notocelia uddmanniana (Linnaeus, 1758) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171); Popsko Village, 22.6.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171). Notocelia trimaculana (Haworth, 1811) (=suffusana Duponchel, [1843]) Kardjali, 23.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171); Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967, †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 171). Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli, 1763) (=formosaria, incorrect subsequent spelling, =Grapholitha woeberiana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 1 †; Dabovets Village, 19.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Ancylis comptana (Frölich, 1828) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172). Ancylis mitterbacheriana ([Denis & Sshiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 1.6.1967, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 172); near Madjarovo. Cydia fissana (Frölich, 1828) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjdarovo, 07.8.2003, at light trap, Peter Davey leg. Cydia pyrivora (Danilevsky, 1947) Dabovets Village, 18.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Cydia amplana (Hübner, 1800) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Pammene amygdalana (Duponchel, 1842) Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170). Dichrorampha cinerosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 170).
Insecta: Lepidoptera
553
ALUCITIDAE Alucita cymatodactyla Zeller, 1852 Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station, Kardjali District; Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District; Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Razklonenata Peshtera (Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages. Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859 Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380 m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 † and 1 ‡, genitalia checked. This species is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996), although it is reported several times from Bulgaria. PTEROPHORIDAE Stenoptilia gratiolae Gibeaux & Nel, 1990 (=paludicola auct., nec (Wallengren, 1862) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280 m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380 m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Oxyptilus parvidactyla (Haworth, 1811) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17-23.05.2004, 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Stangeia siceliota (Zeller, 1847) Above the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Emmelina monodactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. CARPOSINIDAE Carposina scirrhosella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 Ivaylovgrad, 22.2.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 174). THYRIDIDAE Thyris fenestrella (Scopoli, 1763) Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. PYRALIDAE Aphomia sociella (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Aphomia zelleri Jonnis, 1932 Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 174).
554
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Lamoria anella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Popsko Village, 2.7.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 174). Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) Popsko Village, 20.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 175). ?Synaphe moldavica (Esper, 1794) 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor. Synaphe antennalis (Fabricius, 1794) (=connectalis Hübner, 1796) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177). Synaphe punctalis (Fabricius, 1775) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.
Pyralis regalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single † specimen; The border post of Avren Village, 1.6.1969, 1 ‡, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177); The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Krumovgrad; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Aglossa pinguinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380 m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked. Stemmatophora combustalis (Fischer v. Röslerstamm, 1842) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177); Ivaylovgrad, 20.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177). Actenia brunnealis (Treitschke, 1829) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177); Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Hypsopygia costalis (Fabricius, 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single ‡ specimen; Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad district. Herculia rubidalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177).
Insecta: Lepidoptera
555
Orthopygia glaucinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single † specimen; Podrumche Village, Krumovrad District, 21.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 177). Eudotrica f lammealis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Pimpeliella dilutella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=dilutella Hübner, 1796) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked. Sciota (Denticera) divisella (Duponchel, 1842) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. Selagia spadicella (Hübner, 1796) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176). Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke, 1832) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Sation; Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Oncocera semirubella (Scopoli, 1763) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Dioryctria simplicella Heinemann, 1863 (=mutatella Fuchs, 1903) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 ‡, genitalia checked. This species seems to be new for Bulgaria, if it is correctly identified. It is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 172). Phycita roborella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=spissicella Fabricius, 1776) Kardjali: 23.6.1969, 1 †, 23.7.1968, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176); Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Oxybia transversella (Duponchel, 1836) Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad district. Conobathra tumidana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Popsko Village, 2.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176); Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.
556
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Conobathra repandana (Fabricius, 1798) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo.
Trachycera advenella (Zincken, 1818) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. This species is not included in SPEIDEL: Pyralidae, in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996) and it is new for the Bulgarian fauna. Eurhodope rosella (Scopoli, 1763) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176). Myelois circumvoluta (Frourcroy, 1785) (=cribrella Hübner, 1796) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. ?Pterothrixidia rufella (Duponchel, 1836) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17-23.05.2004, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg., in coll. S. Beshkov,1 †, genitalia checked. Bradyrrhoa gilveolella (Treitschke, 1832) Studen Kladenets Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Ancylosis cinnamomela (Duponchel, 1836) Krumovgrad, 2.7.1968, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 176); Plevun Village, 20.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡. Homoeosoma sinuella (Fabricius, 1794) Madjarovo, 06.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Scoparia luteolaris (Scopoli, 1772) (=ochrealis [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Podrumche Village, 21.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178). Scoparia ingratella (Zeller, 1846) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, 1000 m. Dipleurina lacustrata (Panzer, 1804) = crataegella auct., nec (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, 1000 m. Eudonia mercurella (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village. Euchromius superbellus (Zeller, 1849) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17-23.05.2004, 1 †, genitalia checked.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
557
Calamotropha paludella (Hübner, 1824) Near Zhelezino Village. Agriphila tristella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †, genitalia checked. Agriphila inquinatella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Agriphila latistria (Haworth, [1811]) Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Agriphila dalmatinellus (Hampson, 1900) Studen Kladenets Village. Catoptria mytilella (Hübner, 1805) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 175). Catoptria pinella (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 06.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Catoptria falsella (([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Catoptria confusellus (Staudinger, 1882) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380 m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 † specimen, genitalia checked; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Pediasia matricella (Treitschke, 1832) Studen Kladenets Village; between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 2 ††, genitalia checked; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Ancylolomia tentaculella (Hübner, 1796) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Scirpophaga praelata (Scopoli, 1763) 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor. Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178).
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Elophila nymphaeata (Linnaeus, 1758) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 4 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178, GANEV, 1982b: 228); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 3 †† (TULESCHKOV ‡ SLIVOV, 1975b: 178, GANEV, 1982b: 228); 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor. Nymphula stagnata (Donovan, 1806) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178). Aporodes f loralis (Hübner, 1809) Krumovgrad, 23.7.1968, 1 †, 3 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 180); Podrumche Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 180); Madjarovo, 06.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 04.5.2003, S. Beshkov & V. Gashtarov leg., 1 ‡ at day time. Ephelis cruentalis (Geyer, 1832) Krumovgrad, 22.7.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178); Ibid, 03.07.2004, S. Beshkov leg. Titanio normalis (Hübner, 1796) Popsko Village, 2.7.1968, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178). Eurrhypis pollinalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, 1000 m. Evergestis frumentalis (Linnaeus, 1761) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17-23.05.2004, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg., in coll. S. Beshkov, 1 †, genitalia checked. Evergestis segetalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) Chorbadjiysko Village, 2.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178); Kardjali, 3.7.1968, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178). Evergestis serratalis (Staudinger, 1871) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Hellula undalis (Fabricius, 1781) Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. ?Udea numeralis (Hübner, 1796) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17-23.05.2004, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg., in coll. S. Beshkov, 1 †, genitalia checked. This species seems to be new for Bulgaria, if it is correctly identified. It is not included as present in Bulgaria in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996: 192).
Insecta: Lepidoptera
559
Udea ferrugalis (Hübner, 1796) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenetz Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Paracorsia repandalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Loxostege aeruginalis (Hübner, 1796) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); Dabovets Village, 19.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179). Margaritta sticticalis (Linnaeus, 1761) Harmanli; Madjarovo. Ecpyrrhorroe rubiginalis (Hübner, 1796) Studen Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Pyrausta cingulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Pyrausta despicata (Scopoli, 1763) (=cespitalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Pyrausta purpuralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 06.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Pyrausta rectefascialis (Toll, 1936) Belopolyane Village. Pyrausta sanguinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) (=sanguinalsi, incorrect subsequent spelling) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Pyrausta aurata (Scopoli, 1763) The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; Belopolyane Village. Sitochroa verticalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, 08.8.2003, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Sclerocona acutella (Eversmann, 1842) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo.
560
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796) Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village.
Ebulea crocealis (Hübner, 1796) Kardjali, 23.6.1969, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 180); The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 180). Anania verbascalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad district, 04.5.2003, S. Beshkov & V. Gashtarov leg., 1 ‡ at day time. Eurrhyparia hortulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Podrumche Village, 21.6.1969, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); Popsko Village, 22.7.1968, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179). Paratalanta pandalis (Hübner, 1825) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Pleuroptya ruralis (Scololi, 1763) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 21.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single ‡ specimen; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel district, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 2 ‡‡ specimens; Kardjali, 23.7.1968, 2 †† (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); Studen Kladenets Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 1 †, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Mecina f lavalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The border post near Avren Village, 21.6.1969, 1 † (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179). Mecyna trinalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali, 23.7.1968, 2 ††, 3 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179); Podrumiche Village, 21.6.1969, 1 †, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 179). Diasemia reticularis (Linnaeus, 1761) (=litterata Scopoli, 1763) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino, 1000 m. Palpita unionalis (Hübner, 1796) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Palpita testalis (Fabricius, 1794) (=incoloralis (Guenée, 1854) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Amaurophanes stigmosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 3 ††, 2 ‡‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178).
Insecta: Lepidoptera
561
Dolicharthria punctalis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m alt., 20.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. 1 †. Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833) Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Metasia suppandalis (Hübner, 1823) Svirachi Village, 19.6.1969, 4 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178); Mandritsa Village, 19.6.1969, 2 ††, 1 ‡ (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975b: 178). Nomophila noctuella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel district, 280m; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 20.10.2003; Krumovgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenetz Village, 21.9., 51 ‡‡, 17 ††, S. Beshkov & V. Tschikolowez leg.; between Kulich Village and the bridge on Arda River near Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 22.IX. - more than 60 specimens, S. Beshkov & V. Tschikolowez leg.; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. LASIOCAMPIDAE Poecilocampa populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Lebed Village, Djebel District, 11.12.2000, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov & B. Petrov leg. on a lamp, 1 ‡. Trichiura crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m; Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Trichiura verenae Witt, 1981 Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m; Momchilgrad; between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; between Konush and Trakiets villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Late autumn species, it flies in October-November. It is abundand in some places. In Bulgaria this species is known from very few localities outside the Eastern Rhodopes. Eriogaster rimicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Near Kirkovo Village; Orlitsa Village; Kremen Village, Makaza District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Sredna Arda Railway Station; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen
562
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Odrintsi Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Eriogaster catax (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, S. Beshkov, P. Beron & B. Petrov leg. single ‡ specimen. A strictly protected species from appendix II. of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Species from the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Malacosoma neustria (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Malacosoma castrensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. Lasiocampa trifolii ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Borislavtsi Village; Harmanli; Plevun Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Lasiocampa grandis (Rogenhofer, 1891) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Found only once in the first half of August. As far as the present authors know, the praeimaginal stages have never been illustratad before. Here they are illustrated for the first time (Figs 1-2.). In captivity the larvae can be fed with Crataegus. Macrothylacia rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Phyllodesma ilicifolia (Linnaeus, 1758) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Species from the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
563
Figs 1-2. Lasiocampa grandis (Rogenhofer, 1891). The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, larvae, ex ovo.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Phyllodesma tremulifolia (Hübner, [1810]) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo, 08.8.2003, at light trap, Peter Davey leg. (as Phyllodesma kermesifolia). The flight period suggests that the species must be P. tremulifilia, not P. ilicifolia; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. In two generations. Gastropacha quercifolia (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Odonestis pruni (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda river near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. SATURNIIDAE Saturnia pyri ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; “Ladjata” near Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa Village; Belopolyane Village. Saturnia pavonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad district; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Saturnia spini ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Definitely local and rare species, in the near past considered extinct in Bulgaria. Flies in early spring and comes to artificial light.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
565
Perisomena caecigena (Kupido, 1825) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Perperek Village; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; between Lyubimets and Harmanli; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Odrintsi Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. In most of the localities in oak forests or near them it is very abundand in October. This is the only nocturnal Lepidoptera species, protected by law in Bulgaria. To have been considered a rare species in the past was probably due to the late flight period (end of September-November). LEMONIIDAE Lemonia balcanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; between Lyubimets and Harmanli; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. SPHINGIDAE Marumba quercus ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; near Bivolene Village; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Dolno Lukovo Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Smerinthus ocellata (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Laothoe populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 21.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets; Siv Kladenets Village. Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Sphinx ligustri (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hyloicus pinastri (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; near Nanovitsa Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Strandjevo Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village. Kentrochrysalis elegans (A. Bang-Haas, 1912) Studen Kladenets Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village. This species has at least two generations and it is flies from April to August. Studen Kladenets Village seems to be the westernmost point of the range of the species, previously known in Bulgaria from the Southern Black Sea Coast and Sakar Mountain. Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Ostrovitsa Village; Lisitsite Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; Studen Kladenets Village, Krumovitsa River; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and Kotlari Village; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Proserpinis proserpina (Pallas, 1772) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village. A strict-
Insecta: Lepidoptera
567
ly protected species from Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Species from the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Rethera komarovi drilon Rebel & Zerny, 1931 Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Mandritsa Village. Flies from the beginning of April (10.4.) until late May. Before these recent findings in the Eastern Rhodopes, Rethera komarovi was known in Bulgaria from Kresna Gorge and Slavyanska Mts only. Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; 5 km north of Djanka Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Hyles nicaea (Prunner, 1798) ? Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. The present authors are not confident about the correct identification. It is very possible that the specimen/s of Peter Davey are in fact large individual/s of Hyles euphorbiae. H. nicaea seems to be an extemely rare species in Bulgaria, and the previous reports of this species for Bulgaria might also be due to misidentification. Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780) Near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Deilephila elpenor (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Deilephila porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Theretra alecto cretica Boisduval, 1827 The districts of Kardjali, without exact locality. HESPERIIDAE Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Kamilski Dol Village; near Zhelezino Village; Byal Gradets Village. Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; above Dishlik-Dere valley; between Zhelezino and Gugutka. Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Very possibly this report concerns Ochlodes venatus, which is abundand in certain places within that region. Ochlodes venatus (Bremer & Grey, 1853) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages. Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages; Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Byal Gradets Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad. Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1870]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Harmanli; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Siv Kladenets Village. Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Rabovo Village. Carcharodus f locciferus (Zeller, 1847) Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Carcharodus orientalis Reverdin, 1913 Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets; Zhelezari Village. Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) Komuniga Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherk-
Insecta: Lepidoptera
569
ovishte; above above Dishlik-Dere Valley; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Pyrgus sidae (Esper, [1784]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, “Kroyatsi” Hunting farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; The bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village. Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Garvanovo Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kamilski Dol Village. Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, [1839]) Kotlari Village, 11.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Pyrgus cinarae (Rambur, [1839]) Near Rabovo Village; Between Momina Skala Hut and Madjarovo; on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Pyrgus armoricanus (Ch. Oberthür, 1910) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Rabovo Village; Garvanovo Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. The report on Pyrgus carlinae from Kotlari Village, 11.8.2003, Peter Davey leg., probably concerns P. armoricanus. Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]) ? Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; Krumovitsa River 08.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. This report was very likely the result of a misidentification with another Pyrgus species, for example P. armoricanus, which is a common species in the Eastern Rhodopes. PAPILIONIDAE Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village near Potochnitsa; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village. A strictly protected species from Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Zerynthia cerisy ferdinandi Stichel, 1907 Near Plazishte Village; Kardjali; Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dolno Cherkovishte Village; 2 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to
570
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Borislavtsi Village; 4.4 km on Arda river from the bridge near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. A strictly protected species from Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) Kardjali; Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Malo Gradishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kaleto above Mezek Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; “Ladjata” near Ivaylovgrad; Kamilski Dol Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitza River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Borislavtsi Village; Harmanli, Lyubimets; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village. PIERIDAE Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Plazishte Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Garvanovo Village, Haskovo District; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Oreshenskoto-Dere Valley near Odrintsi Village; Harmanli; Kamilski Dol Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Mandritsa Village. A complex of two closely related species (Leptidea sinapis and L. reali Reissinger, 1990). For correct identification additional material is needed. Leptidea duponcheli (Staudinger, 1871) Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; Harmanli, Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Colias erate (Esper, [1805]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Garvanovo Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Kulich Village near Potochnitsa; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village. Colias alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905 Harmanli.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
571
Colias crocea (Frourcroy, 1785) Near Sinchets Village; Ridino vilage; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Near Plazishte Village; Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Perperek Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; 3 km SE of Krumovgrad on the road to Avren Village; Southern of Madjari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Topolovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Zhelezari Village; Byal Gradets Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; near gallery between Lozen to Cherna Mogila villages; Lyubimets; Kamilski Dol Village; Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Village; Kulich Village near Potochnitsa; Kotlari Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Harmanli, Biser Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Borislavtsi Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Oreshenskoto-Dere Valley near Odrintsi Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village. Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1804]) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Kamilski Dol Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Near Plazishte Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District.
572
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Komuniga Village; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; Kardjali; Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860 Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Flies from April to July in two generations. Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Harmanli, Zhelezari Village; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village. Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) Kardjali; near Sinchets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, near Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momchilgrad; Perperek Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Rupata Cave near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Dolno Cherkovisthe and Oreshari villages; Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Zhelezari Village; Harmanli, Lyubimets; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa Village. Pieris ergane (Geyer, [1828]) Garvanovo Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; above Dishlik-Dere Valley; Madjarovo; between Madjarovo and Borislavtzi villages. Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere
Insecta: Lepidoptera
573
Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Pieris balkana Lorkovic, [1970] Garvanovo Village; Momina Skala Hut ner Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Incorrect identification seems very possible, especially for the summer generation. Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) Komuniga Village; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Perperek Village; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; near Topolovo Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Zhelezari Village; Lyubimets; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1813]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Flies from March to September, probably in three generations. LYCAENIDAE Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Near Plazishte Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Rupata Cave near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; South of Madjari Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; near Zhelezino Village; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Lyubimets; Ivaylovgrad Dam,
574
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Kochash Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; KodjaKaya Hill near Odrintsi Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Lycaena dispar ([Haworth], 1803) Studen Kladenets Village; Lyubimets. Strictly protected by Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino. Lycaena ottomana (Lefebvre, [1830]) On the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets illage; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe with stable populations in the Eastern Rhodopes, abundant in wet meadows near Siv Kladenets Village at the very beginning of May. Flies from the end of April - beginning of May to the middle of July. Species from the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) Near Plazishte Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Garvanovo Village; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Topolovo Village; Harmanli; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; near Zhelezino Village; Zhelezari Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Lycaena alciphron melibaeus (Staudinger, 1879) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844] Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino. Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784]) Garvanovo Village; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Kotlari Vilage; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Topolovo Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Siv Kladenets Village. Thecla betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 km SE of Krumovgrad on the road to Avren Village; near Madjarovo. Found only in October and November.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
575
Favonius quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) Komuniga Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Southern of Madjari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Kotlari Village; Zhelezari Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village. Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; Kamilski Dol Village. Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village. Satyrium spini (Fabricius, 1787) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Byal Gradets Village. Satyrium ilicis (Esper, [1789]) Near Plazishte Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Harmanli. Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius, 1787) Studen Kladenets Village; Harmanli. Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) Garvanovo Village; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. Tarucus balkanicus (Freyer, [1844]) Garvanovo Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Rabovo Village; Krumovitsa River; Kotlari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo;. Sometime and somewhere abundant in areas with Paliurus. Cupido decoloratus (Staudinger, 1886) Near Plazishte Village; Komuniga Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Kulich Village near Potochnitsa; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Vilage; Madjarovo; Byal Gradets Village; Gorata Ridge above Malo Gradishte Village.
576
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Pseudophilotes vicrama schiffermuelleri (Hemming, 1929) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere valley; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad. Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single specimen in a Malaise trap. Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; 4.4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Glaucopsyche iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Glaucopsyche arion (Linnaeus, 1758) The Eastern Rhodopes (without locality); Momina Skala Hut. Strictly protected by Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Species from the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Plebeiuus pylaon sephirus Frivaldsky, 1835 above Dishlik-Dere valley. Plebeius argus (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Plazishte Village; The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road HaskovoKardjali; Garvanovo Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjadovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Plebeius argyrognomon (Bergsträsser, 1779) Krumovitsa River, 07.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Byal Gradets Village. Plebeius agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Krumovitsa river; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Zhelezari Village; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Arda Hut; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
577
Plebeius anteros (Freyer, [1838]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Arda Valley, Bryagovets Village; Madjarovo. Polyommatus semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Polyommatus escheri (Hübner, [1823] Above Dishlik-Dere valley. Polyommatus amandus (Scheider, 1792) Meden Buk Village. Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, [1835]) Above Dishlik-Dere valley; Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Polyammatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) Near Plazishte Village; Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Southern of Madjari Village; Krumovitsa River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Topolovo Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Byal Gradets Village; near Zhelezino Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Lyubimets; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Polyommatus daphnis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Krumovitsa River; Kotlari Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; Kotlari Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761) Komuniga Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo.
578
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Polyommatus admetus (Esper, [1783]) Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River, 08.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages.
NYMPHALIDAE Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782) Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; On the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad. Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, [1777]) Komuniga Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; near Rabovo Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Zhelezari Village. Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, collected at a light trap twice; Byal Gradets Village; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village. Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; 22.10.2003; Momchilgrad; Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Lyubimets; Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village. Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo District; Kamilski Dol Village. Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; above DishlikDere Valley; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages. Coenonympha leander (Esper, [1784]) Kamilski Dol Village; Mandritsa Village; Meden Buk Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
579
Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; near Topolovo Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4.4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Lyubimets; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus, 1767) Komuniga Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Krumovgrad District (without exactly pointed locality); Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; near Sinchets Village; Near Plazishte Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; near Rabovo Village; Krumovgrad; near Topolovo Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hyponephele lupina (Costa, [1836]) Studen Kladenets Village, 05.07.2004, S. Beshkov leg.; near Madjarovo, August, 2003, A. Ignatov, perss. comm.; Krumovitsa River, 08.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Sinchets Village; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Southern of Madjari Village; near Topolovo Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; near Zhelezino Village; Harmanli. Melanargia larissa (Geyer, [1828]) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli.
580
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Minois dryas (Scopoli, 1763) Komuniga Village.
Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village. Hipparchia volgensis (Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station, 21.6.1991, 1 ‡, 13.10.1991, 2 ‡‡, 18.10.1990, 1 ‡. Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Madjarovo; near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village (2-3 kilometers after the bridge on Arda River); Harmanli; Zhelezari Village Hipparchia fatua Freyer, [1844] Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village. Arethusana arethusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Brintesia circe (Fabricius, 1775) Near Plazishte Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Southern of Madjari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Byal Gradets Village; Zhelezari Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Lyubimets; Siv Kladenets Village. Chazara briseis meridionalis (Staudinger, 1886) Komuniga Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village. Apatura ilia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Harmanli.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
581
Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 The Iron Bridge on the Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; Lyubimets. Flies in two generations. Strictly protected by Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix II and IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) Haskovo; Krumovgrad; Kotlari Village, 11.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village. Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg. Limenitis reducta schiffermuelleri Higgins, 1932 Sredna Arda Railway Station; Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; above Dishlik-Dere valley; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; 2 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Byal Gradets Village; Harmanli; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Lyubimets; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Oreshenskoto-Dere Valley near Odrintsi Village. Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Delishte Village; Studen Kladenets Village; 3 km SE of Krumovgrad on the road to Avren Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; Harmanli; Ivanovo Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village. Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo District; Madrets Village; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; between Zhelezino and Gugutka Villages; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village; Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Podkova District, hibernating in the cave; Konevo Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Disused Mine Gallery in Gurgen Dere Valley near Gaberevo Village,
582
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Madjarovo District; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village, hibernating in a pill-box. Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) Momchilgrad; Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Polygonia egea (Cramer, [1775]) Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village; Kardjali; Momchilgrad; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village, hibernating in a pill-box; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Harmanli; Gorno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Near the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; 2 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Strictly protected by Appendix II of the Bern Convention. A species from Appendix II and IV of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). A local species, abundant near Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut at the end of April. In Bulgaria Euphydryas aurinia is a mountain species, but in the Eastern Rhodopes it occurs at an altitude less than 200 m together with southern thermophile species such as Lycaena ottomana and Pontia chloridice. Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Mad-
Insecta: Lepidoptera
583
jarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo district; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad District. Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; Lyubimets; Kamilski Dol Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Melitaea punica Oberthür, 1876 The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; OreshenskotoDere Valley near Odrintsi Village. A rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe. Recently separated as a distinct species from Melitaea phoebe. The distribution of this species in Bulgaria and in the Eastern Rhodopes is not clear enough. Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; near Rabovo Village; Krumovgrad; Krumovitsa River; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Lyubimets; Kamilski Dol Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Melitaea didyma meridionalis Staudinger, 1870 Near Plazishte Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Rabovo Village; South of Madjari Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; above Dishlik-Dere valley; Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; Byal Gradets Village; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; near Zhelezino Village; Harmanli; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Melithaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Near Rabovo Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Arachnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village. Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) Komuniga Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Harmanli; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages.
584
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Komuniga Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; above Dishlik-Dere valley; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Zhelezari Village. Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Argynnis adippe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Above Dishlik-Dere Valley; Kotlari Village, 11.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, Peter Davey leg.; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages. Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; 2 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Zvezdelina Village; Lale Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kaloyantsi Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; 3 km SE of Krumovgrad on the road to Avren Village; between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Zhelezari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Kamilski Dol Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Brenthis daphne ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages. Brenthis hecate ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Sredna Arda Railway Station; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767) Komuniga Village; Harmanli.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
585
DREPANIDAE Habrosyne pyritoides (Hufnagel, 1766) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Tethea ocularis (Linnaeus, 1767) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli. Cymatophorima diluta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Polyploca ridens (Fabricius, 1787) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Asphalia ruficolis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Shiroko Pole Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Watsonalla binaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Bivolene Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Arda Hut; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; near Mandritsa Village. Watsonalla cultraria (Fabricius, 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Ayda Hut near Haskovo. Cilix glaucata (Scopoli, 1763) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; near Bivolene Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Cilix asiatica (O. Bang-Haas, 1907) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Known from very few localities in Bulgaria and Europe.
586
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV GEOMETRIDAE Ennominae Ligdia adustata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Ivaylovgrad.
Stegania dilectaria (Hübner, 1790) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Dolno Lukovo Village. Heliomata glarearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Momina Skala Hut; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Macaria notata (Linnaeus, 1758) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Macaria alternaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village. Macaria liturata (Clerck, 1759) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Chiasmia clathraria (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Godonella aestimaria (Hübner, 1809) Kardjali; Podrumche Village. Tephrina murinaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Tephrina arenacearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village (Figs. 3-4., †.); Ivaylobgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Neognopharmia stevenaria (Boisduval, 1840) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
587
Fig. 3. Tephrina arenacearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), %. Studen Kladenets Village, 23.5.1990, S. Beshkov leg.
0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 mm
Fig. 4. Tephrina arenacearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), %, genitalia with everted vesica. Gen. prep. 1./25.9.1999, S. Beshkov. Studen Kladenets Village, 23.V.1990, S. Beshkov leg.
588
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Petrophora chlorosata (Scopoli, 1763) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Plagodis dolabraria (Linnaeus, 1767) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758) Mandritsa Village.
Epione repandaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Village; Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Therapis f lavicaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Siv Kladenets Village. Pseudopanthera macularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Eilicrinia cordiaria (Hübner, 1790) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. Eilicrinia trinotata (Metzner, 1845) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Siv Kladenets Village. Apeira syringaria (Linnaeus, 1758) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte. Ennomos quercinaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Ennomos fuscantaria (Haworth, 1809) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi
Insecta: Lepidoptera
589
and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Ennomos erosaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village. Eumera regina Staudinger, 1892 Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Selenia lunularia (Hübner, 1788) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Artiora evonymaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belopolyane Village. Dasycorsa modesta (Staudinger, 1879) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; “Kenana” Motel near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Crocallis tusciaria (Borkhausen, 1793) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Crocallis elinguaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Asoia maeoticaria (Alphéraky, 1876) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Harmanli.
590
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Apocheima hispidaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village. Apocheima pilosaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village. Lycia hyrtaria (Clerck, 1759) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Lycia graecarius (Staudinger, 1861) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Apochima f labellaria (Heeger, 1838) Siv Kladenets Village (Fig. 5.). A rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe, but abundant near Siv Kladenets Village. Flies in the last days of November. Only † specimens are collected. In SW Bulgaria it flies from October to April. Females have normally developed wings and also come to light. In some articles females (from Cyprus) are mentioned as wingless. We do not know how females from the Eastern Rhodopes look like. Agriopis leucophaearia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lale Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Bryagovets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ayda Hill near Haskovski Mineralni Bani, 400-800 m. alt.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
591
Fig. 5. Apochima flabellaria (Heeger, 1838), %. Siv Kladenets Village, 30.11.1996, S. Beshkov leg.
Agriopis bajaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Lale Village; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Agriopis aurantiaria (Hübner, 1799) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; Odrintsi Village; Ivaylovgrad. Agriopis marginaria (Fabricius, 1776) Gorna Krepost Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Razklonenata Peshtera (=Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages. Erannis defoliaria (Clerck, 1759) Godumovi Kolibi above Nedelino; near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; Odrintsi Village. Erannis declinans (Staudinger, 1779) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village; Bryagovets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut. Flies November-December. Nychiodes waltheri Wagner, 1919 Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village, collected several times there, on the antennae of one male specimen, collected on
592
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
23.6.1991, one Pseudoscorpion was found; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. The genitalia of most specimens are checked and it turns out that in the Eastern Rhodopes only N. waltheri occurs. Previously most Bulgarian specimens from this species group were considered as belonging to Nychiodes dalmatina Wagner, 1909. The latest our investigation shows that on the Balkan Peninsula Nychiodes dalmatina occurs in the Struma Valley and west of it to the Ionian Sea. It is wrongly reported from many localities instead of N. waltheri. The latter one is widely distributed in Bulgaria. The material examined by the present authors (genitalia checked), showed that N. waltheri occurs from Central Bulgaria to the Eastern Rhodopes and the Black Sea Coast close to the border with Romania in the North. Nychiodes amigdalaria (Herrich-Schäffer, [1848]) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Except for the Eastern Rhodopes, in Bulgaria it is known only from SW Bulgaria and the districts of Sliven. Synopsia sociaria (Hübner, [1799]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Paraboarmia viertlii (Bohatsch, 1883) Momina Skala Hut near Madjadovo; Dabovets Village. Peribatodes rhomboidaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Peribatodes umbraria (Hübner, [1809]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Belopolyane Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Peribatodes correptaria (Zeller, 1847) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut hear Madjarovo; above the bridge
Insecta: Lepidoptera
593
on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Selidosema plumaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Cleora cinctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Fagivorina arenaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Ascotis selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Aethalura punctulata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Ematurga atomaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Eumannia oppositaria (Mann, 1864) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Bupalus piniaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Cabera pusaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Lomographa bimaculata (Fabricius, 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Theria rupicapraria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village.
594
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Campaea margaritata (Linnaeus, 1767) Near the “Zlatnata Yama” Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District. Gnophos furvata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Gnophos sartata (Treitschke, 1827) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Gnophos onustaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Sussam Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Charissa intermedia (Wehrli, 1917) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Flies at the end of April-middle of May and again in the third decade of September. Genitalia checked. Charissa variegata (Duponchel, 1830) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Siona lineata (Scopoli, 1763) Kamilski Dol Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Semiaspilates ochrearia (Rossi, 1794) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Dyscia sicanaria (Oberthür, 1923) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Plevun Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Barrage; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
595
Perconia strigillaria (Hübner, 1787) Kardjali; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Oenochrominae Alsophila aescularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Alsophila aceraria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Godumovi Kolibi above Nedelino; near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Orthostixis cribraria (Hübner, 1799) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets, abundand; Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Flies during the day and also comes to light. Geometrinae Aplasta ononaria (Fuesly, 1783) Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Pseudoterpna pruinata (Hufnagel, 1767) Lebed Village, Djebel District. Flies at the end of August-beginning of September. Comibaena bajularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Comibaena neriaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. At least in two generations. Antonechloris smaragdaria (Fabricius, 1787) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherk-
596
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
ovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1789) Ivaylovgrad. Chlorissa viridata (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Chlorissa cloraria (Hübner, [1813]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Chlorissa etruscaria (Zeller, 1849) (= pulmentaria (Guenée, 1857) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Microloxia herbaria (Hübner, 1813) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village. Thalera fimbrialis (Scopoli, 1763) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hemistola chrysoprasaria (Esper, 1794) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Eucrostes indigenata (de Villers, 1789) Studen Kladenets Village; The border post near Avren Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad. Sterrhinae Cyclophora albiocellaria (Hübner, 1789) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjaro-
Insecta: Lepidoptera
597
vo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. In two generations and the spring one is not as rare as the summer one. Cyclophora puppillaria (Hübner, [1799]) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Cyclophora ruficiliaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, genitalia checked. Cyclophora porata (Linnaeus, 1767) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, genitalia checked; Ayda Hut near Haskovo. Cyclophora quercimontaria (Bastelberger, 1897) Studen Kladenets Village. Cyclophora punctaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Cyclophora suppunctaria (Zeller, 1847) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, genitalia checked. Cyclophora linearia (Hübner, [1799]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo. In two generations. Timandra comae A. Schmidt, 1931 (=griseata W. Petersen, 1902 auct.) Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Belopolyane Village. Scopula immorata (Linnaeus, 1758) Krumovgrad; the border post near Avren Village. Scopula ornata (Scopoli, 1763) Southern slopes of the Eastern Rhodopes (without locality); Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo.
598
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Scopula submutata (Treitschke, 1828) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Scopula decorata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Scopula rubiginata (Hufnagel, 1767) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; Near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Scopula ochraceata (Staudinger, 1901) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. ?Scopula turbidaria (Hübner, 1819) 4 km on the road from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 22.05.2004, 1 ‡, in coll. S. Beshkov. Scopula marginepunctata (Goeze, 1781) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad Town; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Scopula imitaria (Hübner, [1799]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. Scopula f laccidaria (Zeller, 1852) Sussam Village. Scopula f loslactata (Haworth, 1809) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
599
Glossotrophia confinaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; above the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; Popsko Village; Ivaylovgrad. Idaea determinata (Staudinger, 1876) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Comparatively scarce. Idaea rufaria (Hübner, [1799]) Harmanli. Idaea consanguinaria (Lederer, 1853) Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Idaea ochrata (Scopoli, 1763) Near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Idaea rusticata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=vulpinaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Idaea filicata (Hübner, [1799]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the border post near Avren Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. Idaea moniliata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut; Mandritsa Village. Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Idaea obsoletaria (Rambur, 1833) Studen Kladenets Village. Idaea inquinata (Scopoli, 1763) Kardjali.
600
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Idaea fuscovnosa (Goeze, 1781) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Idaea politata (Hübner, [1799]) Momina Skala Hut; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Idaea seriata (Schrank, 1802) Kardjali. Idaea dimidiata (Hufnagel, 1767) Kardjali; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Belopolyane Village.
Idaea camparia (Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Idaea subsericeata (Haworth, 1809) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Idaea pallidata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Chorbadjiysko Village. Idaea ostrinaria (Hübner. 1813) Kardjali; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Popsko Village; Mandritsa Village. Idaea aversata (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut. Idaea degeneraria (Hübner, [1799]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Idaea deversaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village. Rhodostrophia vibicaria (Clerck, 1759) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
601
Rhodostrophia tabidaria (Zeller, 1847) Sredna Arda Railway tation; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the border post near Avren Village, Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Larentiinae Lythria purpuraria (Linnaeus, 1758) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Arda Hut; Byal Gradets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Lythria cruentaria (Hufnagel, 1767) (=purpurata (Linnaeus, 1758); =rotaria Fabricius, 1798) Studen Kladnets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Davovets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Cataclysme riguata (Hübner, 1813) 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Scotopteryx coarctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Arda Hut near Davovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Scotopteryx bipunctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Haskovo. Normally in Bulgaria this is a mountain species, distributed at an altitude of 300-2000 m. Scotopteryx mucronata (Scopoli, 1763) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 140 m alt., 25.5.1990, 1 ‡, genitalia checked. In Bulgaria Scotopteryx mucronata is a mountain species, it inhabits mountains at an altitude of 900-2250 m, but recently it was collected on the Black Sea Coast as well (S. Beshkov leg.). Its closely related species Scotopteryx luridata (Hufnagel, 1767) is also a mountain one, known from an altitude of 1000-2923 m. Orthonama obstipata (Fabricius, 1794) Kremen (=Akcha) Village, Podkova District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenet Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Dolno Lukovo Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village.
602
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767) Podrumche Village. Xanthorhoe ferrugata (Clerck, 1759) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo.
Xanthorhoe f luctuata (Linnaeus, 1758) “Kenana” Motel near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Xanthorhoe oxybiata (Millière, 1872) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo (Figs. 6-7., ‡.). In Bulgaria known only from Kresna Gorge and Zemen Gorge. It flies from May to November, as it probably has a period of aestivation in caves. Catarhoe putridaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Catarhoe permixtaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Catarhoe rubidata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Catarhoe cucullata (Hufnagel, 1767) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Epirrhoe alternata (Müller, 1764) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylongrad Dam Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village. Epirrhoe galiata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Strandjevo Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Protorhoe corollaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets
Insecta: Lepidoptera
603
Fig. 6. Xanthorhoe oxybiata (Millière, 1872), &. Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 30.10.1995, S. Beshkov leg.
0 0.5 1 2 mm
Fig. 7. Xanthorhoe oxybiata (Millière, 1872), & genitalia. Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 160 m., leg. and in coll. S. Beshkov.
604
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Village, Ivaylovgrad District (Fig. 8.). In Bulgaria this species has very few localities, due to being mistaken for its closely related taxon Protorhoe unicata. Costaconvexa polygrammata (Borkhausen, 1794) Harmanli. Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Larentia clavaria (Haworth, 1809) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Crossroad to Djebel, 4 km NE of Momchilgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Rare and local species in Bulgaria. Flies in November. Anticlea badiata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Anticlea derivata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Not numerous. Cosmorhoe ocellata (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina
Fig. 8. Protorhoe corollaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848), %. Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 22-23.5.1994, S. Beshkov leg.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
605
Skala Hut near Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Nebula salicata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Nebula ablutaria (Boisduval, 1840) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Chloroclysta siterata (Hufnagel, 1767) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meren Buk Village, 1 †, genitalia checked. Pannithera firmata (Hübner, 1822) Kirkovo Village, Podkova District; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district. Thera juniperata (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirkovo Village, Podkova District; near Egrek Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Horisme vitalbata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Odrintsi Village. Horysme corticata (Treitschke, 1835) Momchilgrad; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; The border post near Avren Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Vilage; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Odrintsi Village. Horysme tersata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758) Razklonenata Peshtera (Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages.
606
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Philerene vetulata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Philereme transversata (Hufnagel, 1767) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabvets Village. Epirrita dilutata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirkovo Village; near Egrek Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Odrintsi Village. Operophtera fagata (Scharfenberg, 1805) Godumovi Kolibi above Nedelino; Lebed Village, Djebel District; near Egrek Village; Kotlari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Odrintsi Village. Genitalia of most specimens (males) checked. Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758) Arda Valley: Kotlari Village and Bryagovets Village. Perizoma affinitata (Stephens, 1831) Shadiytsa Place northwest of Zlatograd. Perizoma lugdunaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1885) Studen Kladenets Village. Perisoma bifaciata (Haworth, 1809) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Eupithecia inturbata (Hübner, 1817) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Eupithecia haworthiata Doubleday, 1856 Sredna Arda Railway Station; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Eupithecia linariata ([Denis & Schiuffermüller], 1775) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Eupithecia pyreneata Mabille, 1871 The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Eupithecia extremata (Fabricius, 1787) Studen Kladenets Village; Arda Valley, Bryagovets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
607
Eupithecia insigniata (Hübner, 1790) Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Eupithecia venosata (Fabricius, 1787) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Eupithecia quercetica buxata Pinker, 1958 Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village. Rare and local taxon in Bulgaria and Europe. Flies in early spring. Relatively not numerous. Previously in Bulgaria it was known only from the southwestern part of the country and was accepted as a Balkan endemic species. Eupithecia centaureata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Eupithecia breviculata (Donzel, 1837) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Eupithecia vulgata (Haworth, 1809) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Eupithecia subfuscata (Haworth, 1809) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Eupithecia icterata (Villers, 1789) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Eupithecia orphnata W. Petersen, 1909 Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Eupithecia semigraphata Bruand, 1850 Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village. Eupithecia distinctaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) Zlatograd; Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Eupithecia gemellata Herrich-Schäffer, 1861 Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station.
608
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Eupithecia spissilineata (Metzner, 1846) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Eupithecia virgaureata Doubleday, 1861 Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Eupithecia abbreviata Stephens, 1831 Shadiytsa Place northwest of Zlatograd. Eupithecia dodoneata Guenée, 1857 Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Eupithecia pusillata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) =sobrinata Hübner, 1817 Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Eupithecia ericeata (Rambur, 1833) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Egrek Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haworth, 1809) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets llage; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Rhinoprora rectangulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Rhinoprora chloerata (Mabille, 1870) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Chesias rufata (Fabricius, 1775) Shadiytsa Place northwes of Zlatograd; Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Aplocera plagiata (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the “Zlatnata Yama” Cave near Kremen (Akcha) Village, Djebel district; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel district, 380m; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway
Insecta: Lepidoptera
609
Station; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; DishlikDere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Dolno Lukovo Village. Lithostege griseata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Asthena albulata (Hufnagel, 1767) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Minoa murinata (Scopoli, 1763) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo. Oulobophora externata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) Above and near the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, abundant at the very end of April; Belopolyane Village (Fig. 9.). New species for Bulgaria, in Europe known only from Greece (Peloponnesos and Atika). Reported from European Turkey as well. It was reported by LEDERER (1863) from the Black Sea Coast, Varna town, but later this report was considered doubtful by some authors and omitted in the subsequent literature. Nothacasis sertata (Hübner, 1817) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 28.10.1997, 1 †, genitalia checked; Ibid, 16.10.1991, 1 ‡.
Fig. 9. Oulobophora externata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848). Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 27.4.1997, S. Beshkov leg.
610
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV NOTODONTIDAE Thaumetopoea processionea (Linnaeus, 1758) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Davovets Village.
Thaumetopoea solitaria (Freyer, 1838) Haskovo; Bolyartsi Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe. In some localities in the Eastern Rhodopes it is numerous at the end of August - beggining of September. Except for the Eastern Rhodopes, in Bulgaria it is known only from SW Bulgaria, Plovdiv and Assenovgrad. Thaumetopoea pityocampa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda river near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village. Clostera curtula (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Odrintsi Village. Clostera anastomosis (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Clostera pygra (Hufnagel, 1766) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Cerura vinula (Linnaeus, 1758) The Eastern Rhodopes, “on willow-trees near a stream of Arda River” (without locality); the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village. Furcula furcula (Clerck, 1759) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Furcula bifida (Brahm, 1787) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
611
Dicranura ulmi ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Barrage; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Notodonta dromedarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Notodonta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Drymonia dodonaea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Drymonia ruficornis (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Valley, Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village. Drymonia obliterata (Esper, 1785) (=melagona Borkhausen, 1790) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Drymonia querna ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. (as Drymonia dodonaea, but the fligth period suggests that the species reported do not belong to D. dodonaea which is an early spring species); Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Drymonia velitaris (Hufnagel, 1766) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Rare and local species in Bulgaria, known only from very few other localities, all of them in Western Bulgaria. Pheosia tremula (Clerck, 1759) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Paradrymonia vittata bulgarica de Freina, [1983] 1982 Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. In two generations: AprilMay and July, abundant at time and at some places. In the other parts of the country it is a rare species and has no many localities in Bulgaria. Bulgarian endemic subspecies. Pterostoma palpinum (Clerck, 1759) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Ptilophora plumigera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Godumovi Kolibi above Nedelino; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Strandjevo Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Barrage; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Flies in November-January. Rhegmatophila alpina osmana Friedel, 1967 Sredna Arda Railway Station, leg. and in coll. Victor Gashtarov. Up to now this species was known in Bulgaria only from Kresna Gorge and Assenovgrad Town. Phalera bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Phalera bucephaloides (Ochsenheimer, 1810) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Peridea anceps (Goeze, 1781) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Valley, Bryagovets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village. In some localities sympatric and synchronic to Peridea korbi. Peridea korbi (Rebel, 1918) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Mandritsa Village. Rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe, in Bulgaria previously
Insecta: Lepidoptera
613
known only from the southwestern parts of the country. Not numerous spring species, in some localities sympatric and synchronic to Peridea anceps. Stauropos fagi (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhodopes “near Arda River” (without locality); Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Harpyia milhauseri (Fabricius, 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Spatalia argentina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. NOCTUIDAE Acronictinae Acronicta tridens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village. Genitalia of all specimens checked. Acronicta psi (Linnaeus, 1758) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; DishlikDere Valley near Oreshari Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. The genitalia of all specimens are checked. Acronicta aceris (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Siv Kladenets Village. Acronicta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) Krumovgrad.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Acronicta megacephala ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Acronicta euphorbiae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Acronicta rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Kenana Motel near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Common and relatively numerous species. Comes to light and sugaring. Craniophora ligustri ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Craniophora pontica (Staudinger, 1879) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Local and rare spcies in Bulgaria and in the Eastern Rhodopes. Simyra nervosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Simyra dentinosa Freyer, 1839 Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; between Silen and Madjari villages, caterpillars on Euphorbia ciparisias; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17.05.2004, larvae, H. Beck det. Flies in MarchApril and comes to light. Bryophilinae Cryphia algae (Fabricius, 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Genitalia of all males are checked.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
615
Cryphia ochsi Boursin, 1941 Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Genitalia of all males are checked. Cryphia tephrocharis Boursin, 1953 Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Cryphia rectilinea (Warren, 1909) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Cryphia seladona burgeffi (Draudt, 1931) Sussam Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Flies from late August to late September. A Balkan endemic subspecies. Cryphia raptricula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo. Cryphia amasina (Draudt, 1931) Studen Kladnets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Genitalia of many specimens were checked and it turns out that in the Eastern Rhodopes only Cryphia amasina occurs and its closely related sister species Cryphia muralis is probably absent there. Cryphia muralis (Forster, 1771) ? Madjarovo, 08.8.2003, at light trap, Peter Davey leg.; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. These reports seem to be the result of a missidentification with its closely related taxon Cryphya amasina, which is not a rare species in the Eastern Rhodopes. See also under Cryphia amasina. Herminiinae Orectis proboscidata (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut, both at lamps and sugaring. Idia calvaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Paracolax tristalis (Fabricius, 1794) (=glaucinalis auct., nec (Linnaeus, 1758), nec ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775]); =derivalis (Hübner, 1796) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Chorbadjiysko Village; Kardjali; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
616
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Herminia tarsicrinalis (Knoch, 1782) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Dolno Lukovo Village.
Polypogon plumigeralis (Hübner, [1825]) (=crinalis (Treitschke, 1829), auct.) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Polypogon plumigeralis (=Microphtha crinalis (Treitschke) is the species from this group, previously known as Pechipogo plumigeralis and Polypogon crinalis, proved to occur in Bulgaria. In the old literature crinalis TR. (current synonym of plumigeralis (and misidentification of Pechipogo simplicicornis)) is wrongly given as the species present in Bulgaria. Zanclognatha lunalis (Scopoli, 1763) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Zanclognatha zelleralis (Wocke, 1850) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (Treitschke, 1835) Studen Kladenets Village. Strepsimaninae Schrankia costaestrigalis (Stephens, 1834) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District, middle of September. Catocalinae Catocala dilecta (Hübner, 1808) About 2 km from the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavsi Village, first half of October. Catocala sponsa (Linnaeus, 1767) Kardjali; Momina Skala Hut nar Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17.05.2004, larvae, H. Beck det. Catocala nupta (Linnaeus, 1767) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Catocala elocata (Esper, [1787]) Garvanovo Village; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 21.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
617
Catocala puerpera (Giorna, 1791) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Catocala promissa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Catocala electa (Vieweg, 1790) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Catocala lupina (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) Studen Kladenets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Flies in July. Catocala nymphagoga (Esper, [1787]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Catocala hymenaea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Catocala nymphaea (Esper, [1787]) Studen Kladenets Village. Catocala disjuncta (Geyer, [1828]) Studen Kladenets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Catocala diversa (Geyer, [1828]) Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village, a single male specimen, genitalia checked; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single male specimen, genitalia checked. The material examined from the Eastern Rhodopes indeed belongs to C. diversa. Catocala eutychea (Treitschke, 1835) Krumovgrad. Minucia lunaris ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Comes out attracted by light and sugaring. Clytie syriaca (Bugnion, 1837) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village.
618
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Dysgonia torrida has not yet been found in the Eastern Rhodopes, but it seems very likely to occur there. Prodotis stolida (Fabricius, 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Bivolene Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Zhelezari Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Lygephila craccae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Lygephila procax (Hübner, [1813]) (=limosa (Treitschke, 1826) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Autophila limbata (Staudinger, 1871) Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Gallery on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Genitalia checked. Catephia alchymista ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Aedia funesta (Esper, [1786]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Aedia leucomelas (Linnaeus, 1758) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
619
Tyta luctuosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; DishlikDere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut; Kamilski Dol Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Callistege mi mi (Clerck, 1759) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo district. Callistege mi elzel de Freina, 1976 Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village, 27.4.1990, S. Beshkov and N. Kodzhabashev leg., in coll. S. Beshkov. This specimen is illustrated in colour in BESHKOV (2000); Kamilski Dol Village. Callistege mi elzel seems to be a synonym of Callistege mi mi (Clerck, 1759) Euclidia glyphica (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino; Madjarovo; near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo District; Arda Hut; Siv Kladenets Village. Laspeyria f lexula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Mandritsa Village. Zethes insularis Rambur, 1833 The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Comes both to lamps and sugaring. Calpinae Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village; Lale Village; Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Kardjali; Krumovgrad; Razklonenata Peshtera (=Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; Disused Mine Gallery in Gyurgen Dere Valley near Gaberovo Village, Madjarovo District; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Comes out also at lamps and sugaring.
620
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Hypeninae Zekelita antiqualis (Hübner, [1813]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hypena rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station; Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Gallery on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Gallery between Lozen and Cherna Mogila villages; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village, hibernating in a pill-box. Hypena palpalis (Hübner, 1796) Samara Cave near Ribino Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; gallery on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, not rare. Hypena munitalis Mann, 1861 Kardjali; Mandritsa Village. From the Eastern Rhodopes known from litrature sources only. Hypena lividalis (Hübner, 1796) ? Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Hypena lividalis is known from Albania, ex-Yugoslavia and from Greece and it is likely to occur in Bulgaria. However, the only report for Bulgaria (NOWACKI & FIBIGER, 1996: 257) seems to be unsubstantiated (BESHKOV, 2000: 36). The present authors believe that the report of Peter Davey is probably correct, because for such a distinctive species missidentification is impossible. Here H. lividalis is accepted as a new species for the Bulgarian fauna. However, a confirmation of this species from Bulgaria is urgently needed. Phytometra viridaria (Clerck, 1759) Studen Kladenets Village; border post near Avren Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village. Rivula sericealis (Scopoli, 1763) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
621
Parascotia fuliginaria (Linnaeus, 1761) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Sparse species. Zebeeba falsalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. This is the only locality in Bulgaria. There this species is known by a single specimen only, illustrated in BESHKOV (1995). Eutelinae Eutelia adulatrix (Hübner, [1813]) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Vilage; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Plusiinae Euchalcia modestoides Poope, 1989 (=modesta, praeocupied) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Momchilgrad, ex coll. Al. Slivov in the Institute of Zoology, Bulg. Ac. Sc. Euchalcia consona (Fabricius, 1787) Mezek, ex coll. Al. Slivov in the Institute of Zoology, Bulg. Ac. Sc.; Belopolyane Village. Diachrysia chrysitis (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Macdunnoughia confusa (Stephens, 1850) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut. Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Momchilgrad; Beli Plast Village; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Dupkata Hill near Ivaylovgrad; Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Cornutiplusia circumf lexa (Linnaeus, 1767) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Trichoplusia ni (Hübner, [1803]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper, [1789]) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Abrostola tripartita (Hufnagel, 1766) (=triplasia auct., nec Linnaeus) Studen Kladenets Village; near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. The genitalia of all Abrostola specimens checked. Abrostola triplasia (Linnaeus, 1758) (=trigemina Werneburg, 1864) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. Abrostola agnorista Dufay, 1956 “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Abrostola asclepiadis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Acontiinae Emmelia trabealis (Scopoli, 1763) 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Kotlari Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Acontia lucida (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village;
Insecta: Lepidoptera
623
between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages; Plevun Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Acontia titania (Esper, [1798]) (=urania Frivaldszky, 1835) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Phyllophila obliterata (Rambur, 1833) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Eustrotiinae Odice arcuinna (Hübner, 1790) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Odice suava (Hübner, [1813]) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad; Mandritsa Village. Calymma communimacula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Eublemma ostrina (Hübner, [1808]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Polymorphic species on the wings from April to the end of October. Eublemma parva (Hübner, [1808]) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Belopolyane Village. Eublemma amoena (Hübner, 1803) (=respersa (Hübner, 1790) sensu auct., nec ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Eublemma purpurina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sussam Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
624
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Glossodice polygramma (Duponchel, [1842]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Trisateles emortualis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Cuculliinae Cucullia lactucae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Cucullia chamomillae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village. Cucullia santonici (Hübner, [1813]) Kardjali. In the Eastern Rhodopes it was collected only once. Cucullia tanaceti ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village. Shargacucullia blattariae (Esper, [1790]) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 17.5.2004, larvae, H. Beck det.; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Shargacucullia scrophulariae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Bryagovets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Shargacucullia gozmanyi Ronkay & Ronkay, 1994 Ivaylovdrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village, 27.4.1990, 2 ‡‡ (genitalia not checked). Shargacucullia lanceolata (Villers, 1789) (=thapsiphaga (Treitschke, 1826) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station, 5.7.1992; Studen Kladenets Village, 23.6.1991; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 20.6.1993, 1 †. Shargacucullia lychnitis (Rambur, 1833) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station, 5.7.1992. Shargacucullia verbasci (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Staton; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
625
Shargacucullia prenanthis (Boisduval, 1840) Mlechino Village. Calocucullia celsiae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. On the wings in April-May and not very rare near Madjarovo. Calophasia opalina (Esper, [1794]) (=casta Borkhausen, 1793) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Praestilbia armeniaca Staudinger, 1892 Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Omphalophana antirrhinii (Hübner, [1803]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad. Omphalophana anatolica (Lederer, 1857) 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 21.5.2004, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg. at light trap, in coll. H. Beck. Teinoptera olivina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Kardjali; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad. Cleonymia opposita (Lederer, 1870) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 20.5.2004, 1 ‡; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 19.5.2004, single † specimen at a light trap, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg., in coll. H. Beck; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi, 22.5.2004, 1 ‡ and 3 †† at lamps, in coll. S. Beshkov and H. Beck. Third locality in Bulgaria, previousli known from the country only fron the districts of Sliven town and from SW Bulgaria [Kresna Gorge] (BESHKOV, 2000). Amephana dalmatica (Rebel, 1919) Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Flies in June, local but not very rare. Pyrois cinnamomea (Goeze, 1781) The bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Flies in October-December and comes out attracted by artificial light and sugaring.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Pyrois effusa (Boisduval, [1828]) Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 22.10.2003 on copula; Gallery at the beginning of the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Amphipyra pyramidea (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. The genitalia of most specimens are checked. Amphipyra livida ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Amphipyra tragopogonis (Clerck, 1759) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 21.10.2003; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Amphipyra tetra (Fabricius, 1787) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003, single specimen at sugaring; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Comes out attracted by light and sugaring. Amphipyra micans (Lederer, 1857) Studen Kladenets Village. Amphipyra stix Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 Studen Kladenets Village. Psaphidinae Asteroscopus sphinx (Hufnagel, 1766) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Asteroscopus syriaca decipulae (Kovacs, 1966) Studen Kladenets Village; Bryagovets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv
Insecta: Lepidoptera
627
Kladenets Village (Fig. 10.); Odrintsi Village. Flies in November-December, which is the reason to be wrongly accepted as a rare species. Lamprosticta culta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village. Dilobinae Diloba caeruleocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Momchilgrad; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Stirriinae Panemeria tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763) Above the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 2.5.2003, abundant at day time, genitalia of 1 † checked; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo at a lamp, 2 †† speciments, genitalia with everted vesica checked; Ibid, in a Malaise trap. Collected once at a distance of 2-3 km from the locality of Panemeria tenebromorpha, species also known from the Eastern Rhodopes. Panemeria tenebromorpha Rakosy, Hentscholek & Huber, 1996 Above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village, a single specimen at daytime.
Fig. 10. Asteroscopus syriaca decipulae Kovacs, 1966, %. Siv Kladenets Village, 30.11.1996, S. Beshkov, D. Vassilev and S. Tcheshmedjiev leg.
628
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Aegle kaekeritziana (Hübner, [1796-1799]) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A relatively numerous local species. Apaustis rupicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Mandritsa Village. Haemerosia renalis (Hübner, [1813]) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Heliothinae Janthinea friwaldskii (Duponchel, 1835) Kroumovgrad; Ivaylovgrad. Schinia scutosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Heliothis viriplaca (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovitsa River; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Heliothis peltigera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Heliothis nubigera Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 Studen Kladenets Village. Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, [1808]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; between Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District and the bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Periphanes delphinii (Linnaeus, 1758) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
629
Chazaria incarnata (Freyer, 1838) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Hadeninae Episema glaucina (Esper, 1789) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 1 †, genitalia with everted vesica checked; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 1 †, genitalia with everted vesica checked; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Episema tersa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 1 ‡, genitalia checked; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Episema lederi Christoph, 1885 The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village (Fig. 11., ‡.). A rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe. On the wings from September to November. Episema korsakovi (Christoph, 1885) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. On the wings from September to October.
Fig. 11. Episema lederi Christoph, 1885, &. Byalo Pole (=Belopolyane) Village, 160 m, 21.9.1995, S. Beshkov and B. Goater leg.
630
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Cleoceris scoriacea (Esper, 1789) The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Ulochlaena hirta (Hübner, [1813]) Between Konush and Trakiets villages; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Lyubimets. Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi Beshkov, 2000 Near Egrek Village (Type locality). Till now known with a single specimen only (holotype) from the region (Figs 12-13.). Male genital armature with everted vesica of the nominate Dasypolia ferdinandi ferdinandi Rühl, 1892 from the Alps are illustrared here for comparison (Figs 14-15.). Aporophyla australis (Boisduval, 1829) Kardjali; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; between Lyubimets and Kardjali; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek
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Figs 12-13. Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi Beshkov, 2000 (Holotype), %. Gen. prep. No.1./ 10.11.1999, S. Beshkov. Below Egrek Village, Krumovgrad District, 600 m, 6.11.1999, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov and D. Vassilev leg., in coll. S. Beshkov. 3 – armature; 4 – everted vesica.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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631
3 mm
3 mm
Figs 14-15. Dasypolia ferdinandi ferdinandi Rühl, 1892, %. Gen. prep. No.1./18.11.1999, S. Beshkov. Italy, the Alps, Aosta, Val di Rhemes, 1800-2000 m, 14.10.1991, M. Petersen leg., in coll. S. Beshkov. 5 – armature; 6 – everted vesica. Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Lyubimets; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Aporophyla lutulenta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirkovo Village; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Aporophyla nigra (Haworth, 1809) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Aporophyla canescens (Duponchel, 1826) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village;
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Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Lithophane semibrunnea wiltshirei Boursin, 1962 The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte, 27.10.1997, 1 † specimen at sugaring (Fig. 16.). Known from very few other localities in Bulgaria. Lithophane ledereri (Staudinger, 1892) The bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village, collected at sugaring. A species, previously known in Bulgaria only from the southwestern part of the country. Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Lithophane lapidea (Hübner, [1808]) Strandjevo Village; Bryagovets Village. In both villages collected only once in December, resting at lamps. Genitalia checked. Lithophane merckii (Rambur, 1831) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village. Rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe. Flies in November and March-April and comes at lamps and sugaring.
Fig. 16. Lithophane semibrunnea wiltshirei Boursin, 1962, %. Near the bridge on Arda River between Oreshari and Dolno Cherkovishte Villages, 180 m, 27.10.1997, at sugar, B. Goater and S. Beshkov leg., in coll. S. Beshkov.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
633
Scotochrosta pulla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village. Sometime numerous at places. Xylena exsoleta (Linnaeus, 1758) Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village. Xylena lunifera (Warren, 1910) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; several localities near Madjarovo. Meganephria bimaculosa (Linnaeus, 1767) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Sometime abundant at places. Allophyes oxyacanthae (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Momchilgrad; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; near Egrek Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. A common species in the Eastern Rhodopes. Genital armatures and everted vesicae (Figs 17-18.) of many specimens from different localities are checked for Allophies asiatica (Staudinger, 1892) and now it is clear that in the Eastern Rhodopes only Allophies oxyacanthae occurs. Rileyiana fovea (Treitschke, 1825) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo (Fig. 19.); the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Comes mostly at sugaring, even in negative temperatures and snow, and occasionally at lights. On the wings from the end of October to the beginning of December. Valeria oleagina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa
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0.5
1
2
3 mm
Fig. 17. Allophies oxyacanthae (Linnaeus, 1758), everted vesica. Gen. prep. No.5./22.2.1999, S. Beshkov. Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, 160 m., 22.10.1998, leg. and in coll. S. Beshkov.
0
0.5
1
2
3 mm
Fig. 18. Allophies oxyacanthae (Linnaeus, 1758), everted vesica. Gen. prep. No.4./22.2.1999, S. Beshkov. Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 140 m., 23-24.10.1998, leg. and in coll. S. Beshkov.
Fig. 19. Rileyiana fovea (Treitschke, 1825), &. Arda Valley, Momina Skala Chalet near Madjarovo, 30.10.1997, at sugar, B. Goater and S. Beshkov leg, in coll. S. Beshkov.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
635
Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Dichonia convergens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Dichonia aeruginea (Hübner, [1808]) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Griposia aprilina (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Its closely related specied D. pinkeri (Kobes, 1973) is not yet found in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. It seems, however, that part of the specimens reported here as Griposia aprilina should belong to the recently described species Griposia wegneri; All the specimens from the Eastern Rhodopes genitalia of which have been checked and recently re-checked should belong indeed to Griposia wegneri which however shows great vaiety in the genitalia, including of the length of the sclerotized part of the ductus bursae. See also under the next species. Griposia wegneri Kobes & Fibiger, 2003 Kremen Village, Makaza Pass area, 520 m, 07.11.1999, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & D. Vassilev leg. (Gen. prep. 1./20.II.2004, S. Beshkov, male genitalia with everted vesica); Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo Town, 16.10.1991, S. Beshkov leg. (Gen. prep. 7./ 14.II.1995, S. Beshkov, male genitalia with everted vesica); near Madjarovo Town, 200m, 05-09.10.2002, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg. (Gen. prep. 2./20.II.2004, S. Beshkov male genitalia with everted vesica); Arda Hut near Dabovets Village, 17.10.1991, S. Beshkov
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leg. (Gen. prep. 3./14.II.1995 S. Beshkov, male genitalia with everted vesica and Gen. prep. 3./20.II.2004, S. Beshkov, female); by the Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Tcherkovishte Village, 180 m, 5-6.10.1996, S. Beshkov & I. Stoytchev leg. (Gen. prep. 4./ 20.II.2004, S. Beshkov, female); Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad disrict, 140m, 18.10.1991, S. Beshkov leg. (Gen. prep. 9./14.II.1995 S. Beshkov, male genitalia with everted vesica and Gen. prep. 5./20.II.2004, S. Beshkov, female); Ibid, 23-24.10.1998 (Gen. prep. 2./20.I.1999, S. Beshkov, female). Griposia wegneri specimens examined by the present authors shows great vaiety in the genitalia, including of the length of the sclerotized part of the ductus bursae. Some specimens looks like the illustration in the primary source and these illustrated in RONKAY at al. 2001, fig. 107. In some other specimens the ductus bursae is as long as in Griposia aprilina, but the shape of the sclerotization is as in Griposia wegneri. In all males however, the apical tip of digitus is arrowhead shaped as illustrated in KOBES & FIBIGER, 2003 and in RONKAY at al., 2001, fig. 30. Dryobotodes eremita (Fabricius, 1775) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Dryobotodes monochroma (Esper, [1790]) Momina Skala Hut, genitalia checked and illustrated in BESHKOV (1995). Three specimens alltogether collected between September, 01-22. Its closely related species Dryobotodes servadeii Parenzan, 1982 is known in Bulgaria only from the southwestern parts of the country. Dryobotodes carbonis (F. Wagner, 1931) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Not a rare species in the Eastern Rhodopes, sometimes and somewhere abundant. Dryobotodes tenebrosa (Esper, [1789]) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. A species, previously known in Bulgaria only from the southwestern parts of the country. Antitype chi (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Ammoconia caecimacula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen
Insecta: Lepidoptera
637
Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Ammoconia senex senex (Geyer, [1828]) (senex wagneri Boursin, 1935) Sredna Arda Railway Station; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Not a rare species in the Eastern Rhodopes, sometimes and somewhere abundant. Polymixis polymita (Linnaeus, 1761) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Polymixis rufocincta (Geyer, [1828]) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Polymixis trisignata (Ménétriés, 1847) (=leuconota auct.) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A local but not a very rare species in the Eastern Rhodopes, sometimes abundant at places. Flies in Octomber-November. Polymixis serpentina (Treitschke, 1825) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Not a very rare species in the Eastern Rhodopes, sometimes abundant at places. Caradrina morpheus (Hufnagel, 1766) Madjarovo; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Platyperigea aspersa (Rambur, 1834) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village.
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Platyperigea kadenii (Freyer, 1836) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Paradrina clavipalpis (Scopoli, 1763) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Paradrina f lavirena (Guenée, 1852) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Hoplodrina blanda ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hoplodrina respersa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Not numerous. Hoplodrina ambigua ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Charanyca trigrammica (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
639
Atypha pulmonaris (Esper, [1790]) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. In Bulgaria this species is known mostly from the mountains, but recently it was collected at the Black Sea Coast as well (Arkutino near Primorsko). Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, [1808]) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Harmanli; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre, 1827) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Genitalia checked. Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 Novoselishte Village; Maslinovo Village; Gorno Voyvodino Village; Haskovo; Ivaylovgrad. All these data are from literature sources. Athetis gluteosa (Treitschke, 1835) 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Athetis pallustris (Hübner, [1808]) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Dypterygia scabriuscula (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Rusina tristis (Retzius, 1783) (=ferruginea (Esper, [1785]) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Potochnitsa Village. Athracia eriopoda (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. A rare species, collected mostly at sugaring. Mormo maura (Linnaeus, 1758) Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District, 8 specimens; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Zhaltichalskoto Dere-Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Very rarely at lamps and occasionally abundant at sugaring in river valleys with Salix in September.
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Polyphaenis viridis (Villers, 1789) (=sericata (Esper, [1787]) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Polyphaenis subsericata Herrich-Schäffer, [1861] Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. On the wings from August till October (06-09.Х.2002). Thalpophila matura (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Trachea atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, 22.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village. Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Flies from the end of April to late autumn and comes at lamps and sugaring. Chloantha hyperici ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Methorasa latreillei (Duponchel, 1827) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Ipimorpha subtusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
641
Parastichtis ypsillon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Mesogona acetosellae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Mesogona oxalina (Hübner, [1803]) Studen Kladenets Dam, the Barrage. Dicycla oo (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Avren Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Cosmia diffinis (Linnaeus, 1767) Near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Cosmia confinis Herrich-Schäffer, [1849] Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Cosmia trapezina (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Atethmia centrago (Haworth, 1809) Sussam Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Atethmia ambusta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Sussam Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Borislavtsi Village. Tiliacea citrago (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Tiliacea aurago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo.
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Tiliacea sulphurago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=fulvago auct., nec Clerck, 1759) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Vilage; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Tiliacea cypreago christiani (Fibiger, 1992) Momchilgrad; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station (Fig. 20.); between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. A species known from very few localities in Bulgaria, most of them in the Eastern Rhodopes, where sometimes it is locally abundant in October-November. Xanthia gilvago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Odrintsi Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Xanthia ocellaris (Borkhausen, 1792) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Agrochola lychnidis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna
Fig. 20. Xanthia cypreago christiani Fibiger, 1992, %. Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station, 250 m, 13.10.1991, S. Beshkov leg.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
643
Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Sometimes very abundant. Agrochola circellaris (Hufnagel, 1766) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Agrochola gratiosa (Staudinger, 1882) Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut Madjarovo. In some localities sympatric with A. nitida. Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759) Djebelska Reka river below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. The genitalia, including everted vesica of the single male specimen from Siv Kladenets, were examined and it turned out that they fully correspond to the illustration of A. lota in RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY (2001). According to Hacker and to Wegner in Northern Greece A. schreieri Hacker & Weigert, 1986 occurs. In the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes however, up to now only A. lota has been confirmed. Agrochola macilenta (Hübner, [1809]) Kremen Village, Podkova District; near Egrek Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Agrochola nitida ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo Agrochola deleta (Staudinger, 1881) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Genitalia checked. Flies in October-November. Agrochola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; near Egrek Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; the
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bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Agrochola osthelderi Boursin, 1951 Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, abundant at the beginning of October at a lught trap, females only. Comes at sugaring as well. Flies in September-October. Except for the localities above, in Bulgaria Agrochola osthelderi is known only from the southestern part of the country (Kresna Gorge and “Rupite”). Agrochola laevis (Hübner, [1803]) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali district; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Agrochola litura (Linnaeus, 1758) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Agrochola humilis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Spudaea pontica Klutshko, 1968 Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 18.5.2004, larva last instar, H. Beck det. Flies in March-April. Eupsilia transversa (Hufnagel, 1766) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Jodia croceago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Flies in early spring. Not numerous.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
645
Conistra vaccinii (Linnaeus, 1761) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Odrintsi Village. Conistra ligula (Esper, [1791]) Near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Conistra rubiginosa (Scopoli, 1763) Near Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Egrek Village; “Sveti Konstantin and Elena” monastery near Ivaylovgrad; Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad. Flies in January as well. Conistra veronicae (Hübner, [1813]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Genitalia with everted vesicae of several specimens checked, the Eastern Rhodopes population indeed belongs to C. veronicae. Conistra rubiginea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjadovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village. Conistra erythrocephala ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Lale Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Kenana Motel near Haskovo; near Egrek Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Conistra ragusae macedonica (Pinker, 1956) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ibid, 17-23.05.2004, larva, leg. and det. H. Beck. Odrintsi Village. Comes mostly at sugaring, even in negative
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
temperatures and snow and rarery at lights, from early November to the very end of April. Females have normally developed wings (Fig. 21.). Apamea monoglypha (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station. Apamea syriaca (Osthelder, 1933) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets. A rare and local, late spring species (Fig. 22.). Apamea epomidion (Haworth, 1809) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Vilage. Apamea anceps ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District.
Fig. 21. Conistra ragusae macedonica (Pinker, 1956), &. Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 160 m, 30.11.1996, S. Beshkov leg.
Fig. 22. Apamea syriaca (Osthelder, 1933), &. Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 200 m, 25.5.1990, S. Beshkov leg.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
647
Apamea sordens (Hufnagel, 1766) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Apamea scolopacina (Esper, [1788]) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Oligia strigilis (Linnaeus, 1758) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Oligia latruncula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village, genitalia checked; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Oligia sp. The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 1 ‡, genitalia do not correspond to any known species (Fig. 23.) and for the time being are accepted as a teratologycal anomaly.
0 0.5 1 2 mm
Fig. 23. Oligia sp., & genitalia with eight sternit. (Gen. prep. No.2./8.7.1998, S. Beshkov). Near the bridge on Arda River between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari Villages, 160 m, 7.6.1998, S. Beshkov, J. Nowacki, K. Palka and M. Bunalski leg., in coll. S. Beshkov.
648
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Mesoligia literosa (Haworth, 1809) Studen Kladenets Village.
Mesapamea secalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Genitalia of all specimens checked. Mesapamea didyma (Esper, [1788]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Phothedes captiuncula (Treitschke, 1825) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Relict species. Luperina rubella (Duponchel, 1835) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Luperina dumerilii (Duponchel, 1826) Sussam Village; Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; the crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. In the Eastern Rhodopes, together with the normal morphotype a strange, dark small form is found (Fig. 24.). Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner, [1803]) Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Collected in October. Amphipoea oculea (Linnaeus, 1761) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, ~160 m altitude. Normally, in Bulgaria Amphipoea oculea is a mountain species. Gortyna f lavago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village; the crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Gortyna moesiaca Herrich-Schäffer, 1849 Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A rare autumn species (Fig. 25.). Nonagria typhae (Thunberg, 1784) Studen Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
649
Fig. 24. Luperina dumerilii (Duponchel, 1826), %, form. Byalo Pole (=Belopolyane) Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 160 m., 7.10.1996, S. Beshkov and I. Stoychev leg., in coll. S. Beshkov.
Fig. 25. Gortyna moesiaca Herrich-Schäffer, 1849, %. Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 140 m., 23-24.10.1998, S. Beshkov leg.
Archanara neurica (Hübner, [1808]) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo Village. Archanara sparganii (Esper, [1790]) Lebed Village, Djebel District. Oria musculosa (Hübner, [1808]) Ivaylovgrad. Hadula mendax occidentalis Hacker, 1998 Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A part of the paratypes is from the Eastern Rhodopes.
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Hadula trifolii (Hufnagel, 1766) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Lacanobia w-latinum (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Lacanobia suasa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Plevun Village. Hecatera dysodea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hecatera bicolorata (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Hadena bicruris (Hufnagel, 1766) sensu lat. Studen Kladenets Dam, Studen Kladenets Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A complex of two closely related species (H. capsincola and H. bicuris), but at present there is not available material from the Eastern Rhodopes to check the species identity of the population there. Hadena magnolii (Boisduval, 1829) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the
Insecta: Lepidoptera
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bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Hadena compta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali. Hadena confusa (Hufnagel, 1766) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Hadena albimacula (Borkhausen, 1792) Studen Kladenets Village. Hadena filograna (Esper, [1788]) =filigrama Esper, [1796] Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Hadena syriaca podolica (Kremsky, 1937) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Hadena perplexa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Hadena silenes (Hübner, [1822]) Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Sideridis rivularis (Fabricius, 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village. Colonsideridis turbida (Esper, [1790]) (=albicolon (Hübner, [1813]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Ivaylovgrad. Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Harmanli.
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Polia sagittigera (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Mythimna turca (Linnaeus, 1761) Kardjali. Mythimna vitellina (Hübner, [1808]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Bivolene Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Mythimna ferrago (Fabricius, 1787) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Belopolyane Village. Mythimna albipuncta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; DishlikDere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
653
Mythimna sicula (Treitschke, 1835) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Mythimna sicula f. scirpi (Duponchel, 1836) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Conspecific to the previous taxon above. Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Acantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel, 1827) Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; between Konush and Trakiets villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. Leucania obsoleta (Hübner, [1800-1803]) The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single female specimen in a Malaise trap, 8-22.6.2001, M. Langourov leg. Leucania herrichi Herrich-Schäffer, 1849 Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut. In Bulgaria known from these two localities only. Flies at the very end of August until the second half of September. Leucania putrescens (Hübner, [1824]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Leucania punctosa (Treitschke, 1828) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. In Bulgaria known by 2 specimens from these two localities only. Flies in the second half of September and comes at lamps and sugaring. Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Orthosia cruda ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Ortosia miniosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Orthosia populeti (Fabricius, 1781) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village. Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Orthosia gracilis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Orthosia munda ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
655
Orthosia schmidti pinkeri Hreblay & Varga, 1993 Kenana Motel near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village, above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. A very rare species in Bulgaria, known from few localities, most of them in the Eastern Rhodopes, where this species is abundant at the end of April-beginning of May. Associated with Quercus (Fig. 26.). Panolis f lammea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Motel Kenana near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Egira conspicillaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Belopolyane Village. Egira tibori Hreblay, 1994 Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. In Europe known from very few other localities.
Fig. 26. Orthosia schmidti pinkeri Hreblay & Varga, 1993, larva, Near the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village, Ivaylovgrad District, ex ovo taken on 29-30.4.1997, leg. and photo S. Beshkov.
656
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Egira anatolica (Hering, 1933) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Previously, in Bulgaria it was known only from Assenova Krepost near Assenovgrad. Perigrapha rorida (Frivaldszky, 1835) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. In captivity it can be bred on Prunus. Tholera decimalis (Poda, 1761) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Noctuinae Axilia putris (Linnaeus, 1761) Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Ochropleura plecta (Linnaeus, 1761) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Diarsia rubi (Vieweg, 1790) Krumovgrad. Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
657
Noctua orbona (Hufnagel, 1766) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Belopolyane Village. Noctua interposita (Hübner, [1870]) Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Noctua commes (Hübner, [1813]) Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel Sistrict, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Belopolyane Village. Lampra fimbriata (Schreber, 1759) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Belopolyane Village. Genitalia of all specimens checked. Noctua tirrenica (Biebinger, Speidel & Hanigk, 1983) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg.; Madjarovo, 08.8.2003, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. There is a little doubt about the correct identification. In the database of Peter Davey Noctua fimbriata, which is a common species in the Eastern Rhodopes, is not recorded from there. Euschesis janthina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Euschesis janthe (Borkhausen, 1792) ? Madjarovo, 07.8.2003, 08.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Very possibly this report is the result of a missidentification. In the database of Peter Davay the common E. janthina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and E. tertia Mentzer, Moberg & Fibiger, 1991 are not recorded from the Eastern Rhodopes, but there is a doubtful report on Euschesis janthe from the region. Both E. janthina and E. tertia, together with E. janthe, occur in the country, as the most common species among them is the real Euschesis janthina. In S Bulgaria E. janthina is sympatric with E. tertia, and probably some of the records for janthina here refer to tertia. It seems that in SW Bulgaria, in the vicinity of Petrich Town, all these three species are sympatric (BESHKOV, 2000: 165) Euschesis tertia (von Mentzer, Moberg & Fibiger, 1991) Studen Kladenets Village.
658
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Internoctua interjecta (Hübner, [1803]) Belopolyane Village.
Divaena haywardi (Tams, 1926) Studen Kladenets Village. A rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe. Not numerous. Epilecta linogrisea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Lycophotia molothina (Esper, [1789]) (Figs. 27-28.) Forestry Hut between Ivaylovgrad and Krumovgrad. This is the only locality of this species on the Balkan Peninsula. Chersotis rectangula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Hut; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Chersotis margaritacea (de Villers, 1789) Lebed Village, Djebel District. Rhyacia simulans (Hufnagel, 1766) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Grenitalia of all specimens checked. Rhyacia lucipeta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village.
Fig. 27. Lycophotia molothina (Esper, 1789), &. “Ivaylovgrad, 13.5.1981, leg. Al. Slivov”, in coll. Al. Slivov in Institute of Zool., Bulg. Acad. Sc. (Sofia).
659
0
0.5
1
2
3 mm
Insecta: Lepidoptera
Fig. 28. Lycophotia molothina (Esper, 1789), & genitalia. Gen. prep. No.1./3.12.1999, S. Beshkov. “Ivaylovgrad, 13.5.1981, leg. Al. Slivov”, in coll. Al. Slivov in Institute of Zoology, Bulg. Acad. Sc. (Sofia). Opigaena polygona ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Eugnorisma depuncta (Linnaeus, 1761) Momina Skala Hut. In the Eastern Rhodopes only one specimen was collected. Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village.
660
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Xestia stigmatica (Hübner, [1809-1813]) (=rhomboidea (Esper, [1790]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo, beginning of October. Xestia castanea (Esper, [1798]) Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut. Comes on lamps and at sugaring. Xestia xanthographa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Belopolyane Village. Xestia cohaesa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1849]) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Belopolyane Village. Comes on lamps and sugaring. Genitalia checked. Cerastis rubricosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Shiroko Pole Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut nar Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Actebia praecox (Linnaeus, 1758) Krumovgrad, ex coll. Al. Slivov in the Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.10.2002, 1 ‡, S. Beshkov & H. Beck leg. Euxoa cos cos (Hübner, 1824) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
661
Euxoa aquilina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Krumovgrad. Euxoa distinguenda distincta Staudinger, 1892 The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 8-9.9.1999; Siv Kladenets Village, 5.9.1992, 1 †. Euxoa temera (Hübner, [1808]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut nar Madjarovo; Belopolyane Village. Euxoa segnilis segnilis (Duponchel, 1836) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village. Euxoa nigrofusca (Esper, [1788]) (=tritici auct.) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Euxoa obelisca ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Yigoga f lavina pretiosa (Caradja, 1931) Dabovets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, abundant on one occasion (about 100 specimens per one night). Flies in June-July. Yigoga nigrescens (Hofner, 1888) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; near Nanovitsa Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Yigoga forcipula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kardjali; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village. Basistriga f lammatra ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Madjarovo. Agrotis crassa (Hübner, [1803]) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village.
662
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Agrotis syricola (Corti & Draudt, 1933) Plevun Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, a single female specimen; Belopolyane Village (Fig. 29., †.). Found in September-October only. Agrotis puta (Hübner, [1803]) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Plevun Village; Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) A wing on a spider’s net near the entrance of Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village; Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District; Kremen Village, Podkova District; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; “Kenana” Motel near Haskovo; near Egrek Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; the bridge on Byala Reka River near Meden Buk Village; Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Odrintsi Village. Agrotis trux (Hübner, [1824]) Sussam Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Plevun Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village.
Fig. 29. Agrotis syricola (Corti & Draudt, 1933), %. Belopolyane Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 21.9.1995, S. Beshkov & B. Goater leg., in coll. S. Beshkov.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
663
Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; DishlikDere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Agrotis segetum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Momchilgrad; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Mandritsa Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Aganainae Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo. A species from Appendix II of the EEC Habitat Directive (92/43). PANTHEIDAE Colocasia coryli (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Strandjevo Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. LYMANTRIIDAE Lymantria monacha (Linnaeus, 1758) Ayda Hut near Haskovo. Not numerous. Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village; Between Silen and Madjari villages; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Dolni Glavanak Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Krumovgrad; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village.
664
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV Ocneria rubea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino.
Ocneria ledereri (Millière, 1868) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. A rare and local species in Bulgaria and Europe, in Bulgaria prior to our invsrigation known from Kresna Gorge only. Parocneria detrita (Esper, 1785) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Parocneria terebinthi (Freyer, 1838) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Calliteara pudibunda (Linnaeus, 1758) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above “DishlikDere” Valley on the road from the Iron Bridge to Oreshari Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Dicallomera fascelina (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 09.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Harmanli; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Sphrageidus similis (Fuessly, 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut. Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., 21.10.2003; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi, 22.05.2004; Siv Kladenets Village. Actornis l-nigrum (Müller, 1764) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Arda Hut near Dabovts Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
665
NOLIDAE Meganola togatularis (Hübner, 1796) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Meganola strigula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Some of the specimens can belong to ist closely related species Meganola kolbi (Daniel, 1935), but at present this is not confirmed. Meganola albula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Nola cucullatella (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Nola confusalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1847]) species group Studen Kladenets Village; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; Odrintsi Village. Without any doubt the population there reprsents an undecribed species (Fig. 30.) which follow to be described soon by the first autor.
Fig. 30. Nola confusalis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1847]), species group (undescribed taxon), %. Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 150 m, 30.4.1997, S. Beshkov leg.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Nola cicatricalis (Treitschke, 1835) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Meden Buk Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village; Belopolyane Village. Nola aerugula (Hübner, 1793) (=centonalis (Hübner, 1796) Madjarovo, 11.8.2003, at a light trap, Peter Davey leg. Nola subchlamydula (Staudinger, 1871) Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Odrintsi Village. Nola chlamitulalis (Hübner, [1813]) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District. Nycteola siculana (Fuchs, 1899) Studen Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Nycteola asiatica (Krulikovsky, 1904) The crossroad to Haskovo neat Knizhovnik Village; Studen Kladenets Village; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Bena bicolorana (Fuessly, 1775) (=prasinana auct., nec Linnaeus) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village. Pseudoips prasinanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (=faganus Fabricius, 1781) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Earias chlorana (Linnaeus, 1761) Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Siv Kladenets Village. Earias vernana (Fabricius, 1787) Studen Kladenets Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
667
ARCTIIDAE Miltochrista miniata (Forster, 1771) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Lithosia quadra (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Eilema lurideola (Zincken, 1817) Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Eilema complana (Linnaeus, 1758) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Eilema pseudocomplana (Daniel, 1939) Lebed Village, Djebel District; Ayda Hut near Haskovo; Sredna Arda Railway Station; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut; Meden Buk Village; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Eilema morosina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo. Eilema caniola (Hübner, [1808]) Sussam Village; Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m; Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt.; Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Eilema pygmaeola (Doubleday, 1847) Studen Kladenets Village; Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo; Madjarovo; Dolno Lukovo Village. Eilema sororcula (Hufnagel, 1766) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Sredna Arda Railway Station; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte; The bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Mandritsa Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Belopolyane Village.
668
S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV
Syntomis phegea (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Byal Gradets Village. Syntomis kruegeri marjana Stauder, 1913 Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets; Studen Kladenets Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley. Dysauxes ancilla (Linnaeus, 1767) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Dysauxes famula pontica Friese, 1959 (=punctata (Fabricius, 1781), auct.) Sredna Arda Railway Station; OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Momina Skala Hut; Between Momina Skala Hut and Kotlari Village; Madjarovo; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Meden Buk Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Belopolyane Village. Spiris striata (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Meden Buk Village. Ocnogyna parasita lianea Witt, 1980 Sredna Arda Railway Station; Gorna Krepost Village; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo. Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village; Studen Kladenets Village; Krumovgrad; Momina Skala Hut; the Bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; “Petko Bair” near Armira, Ivaylovgrad District; Siv Kladenets Village; Belopolyane Village. Phragmatobia luctifera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=cesarea Goeze, 1781) Harmanli. Spilosoma lutea (Hufnagel, 1766) The Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; Madjarovo; the Bridge on the Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
669
Spilosoma lubricipeda (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino; Studen Kladenets Village; Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village, genitalia checked; Harmanli; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Odrintsi Village. Spilosoma urticae (Esper, 1779) Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village, a single male specimen. Diaphora mendica (Clerck, 1759) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village. Cycnia luctuosa (Geyer, 1833) Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino. Rhyparia purpurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Momina Skala Hut; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village; Lyubimets; Siv Kladenets Village, Ivaylovgrad District. Diachrisia sannio (Linnaeus, 1758) Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino. Arctia villica (Linnaeus, 1758) Sredna Arda Railway Station; Studen Kladenets Village; Avren Village; the Iron Bridge on the Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte Village; above Dishlik-Dere Valley near Oreshari Village; Strandjevo Village; Momina Skala Hut; the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo; near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo district; 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi; Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut nearv Dabovets Village; Dolno Lukovo Village; Siv Kladenets Village. Arctia festiva (Hufnagel, 1766) (=hebe Linnaeus, 1767) Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad. List with UTM codes of the localities 1. Between Ardino and Nedelino, 2 km before the crossroad to Nedelino 2. Godumovi Kolibi above Nedelino – LF 39. 3. Shadiytsa Place northwest of Zlatograd - LF 38. 4. Zlatograd - LF 48. 5. Gallery near Dyadovskiya Kemer Bridge near Dyadovtsi Village, Ardino District – LG 40. 6. Belite Brezi Hut near Ardino - LG 40. 7. Near Sinchets Village, Ardino District, N41°33’37.1"; E025°10’37.0" 8. Gyaur Hambar Cave near Ridino Village – LF 58. 9. Lebed Village, Djebel District - LF 59. 10. Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 380m alt., N41°30’24.4"; E025°15’09.9" - MH KN 21PM 11. Near Plazishte Village, 286m, 41°32’03.4"; E025°19’47.2"
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12. Karagug Cave on Djebelska Reka River below Tarnovtsi Village, Djebel District, 400m, N41°30’25.1"; E025°15’07.1" - MH KN 21PM 13. Samara Cave near Ribino Village - LF 78. 14. Komuniga Village – LG 52. 15. Novoselishte Village – LG 52. 16. Ayda Hut near Haskovo - LG 64. 17. 2 km before Sussam Village from Gorski Izvor. 18. Haskovski Mineralni Bani – LG 64 19. Sussam Village - LG 64. 20. Kirkovo Village, gas-station, Podkova District – LF 67. 21. Chorbadjiysko Village - LF 68. 22. Orlitsa Village, Podkova District - LF 67. 23. Momchilgrad - LF 69. 24. The crossroad to Djebel, 4 km NE of Momchilgrad - LG 60. 25. Kardjali - LG 61. 26. Ostrovitsa Village - LG 60. 27. Tilki Ini Cave near Ostrovitsa Village, Kardjali District - LG 60. 28. Beli Plast Village - LG 62. 29. Lisitsite Village - LG 70. 30. Near the Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Djebel District, 280m, N41°17’42.3"; E025°20’19.0" - LF 67. 31. Zlatnata Yama Cave near Kremen Village, Podkova District – LF 67. 32. Shiroko Pole Village - LG 71. 33. Near Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali district – LG 71 34. Between Shiroko Pole and Sedlovina villages, Kardjali District, 260m alt., N41°38’00.1"; E025°26’53.5" - MH KN 21RP 35. Karangil Cave above Shiroko Pole Village, Kardjali District, 280m - LG 71. 36. Bolyartsi Village – LG62. 37. Studen Kladenets Dam, Zvezdelina Village - LG 71. 38. Studen Kladenets Dam, Sredna Arda Railway Station - LG 71. 39. Studen Kladenets Dam, Prilepnata Peshtera Cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station, Kardjali District - LG 71. 40. Maslinovo Village - LG 72. 41. Gorna Krepost Village - LG 72. 42. Gorno Vojvodino Village - LG 72. 43. Garvanovo Village - LG 74. 44. Between Momchilgrad and Raven Village - LF 79. 45. Between Konush and Trakiets villages - LG 73. 46. Bivolene Village - LG 70. 47. Lale Village - LF 79. 48. Novoselishte Village - LG 72. 49. Studen Kladenets Dam, OSO Sport Center between Kaloyantsi and Gnyazdovo villages - LG 81. 50. Perperek Village - LG 71. 51. Maarata Cave near Madrets Village, Perperek District - LG 71. 52. Gorno Voyvodino Village – LG 72. 53. Studen Kladenets Dam, Kaloyantsi Village - LG 81. 54. Nanovitsa Village - LG 80. 55. Studen Kladenets Dam, Kroyatsi Hunting Farm near Nanovitsa Village - LG 71. 56. Delishte Village - LG 81. 57. The crossroad to Haskovo near Knizhovnik Village – LG 83. 58. Kenana Motel near Haskovo - LG 74. 59. Haskovo - LG 84. 60. The crossroad to Manastir Village from the road Haskovo-Kardjali, near Voyvodino Village, 222m, N 41°52’39.5", E 025°32’65.2" 61. Near Egrek Village – LF 87.
Insecta: Lepidoptera
671
62. Rupata Cave near Egrek Village – LF 87. 63. Near Rupata Cave near Egrek Village – LF 87. 64. Konevo Village - LG 81. 65. Studen Kladenets Village - LG 80. 66. Studen Kladenets Dam, Darets - LG 81. 67. Svezhest Hut near Krumovgrad - LF 88. 68. Krumovgrad - N41°28’14.2"; E 025°38’57.3", 217m 69. 3 km SE of Krumovgrad on the road to Avren Village – LF 89. 70. Rabovo Village, N41°36’57.2"; E025°39’28.0", 185 m – LG 80. 71. Southern of Madjari Village, 280m, N 41°39’54.6; E 025°42’21.3" 72. Potochnitsa Village - LG 90. 73. Avren Village - LF 97. 74. Border post near Avren Village - LF 97. 75. Podrumche Village - LF 98. 76. Krumovitsa River – LG 9002. 77. Arda Valley, Dishlik-Dere Valley, 170m, N 41o36’4.2"; E 025o42’56.8" - LG 90. 78. Arda Valley Kulich Village, Potochnitsa District - LG 90. 79. Arda Valley Razklonenata Peshtera (=Gouk-In) Cave in Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages - LG 90. 80. Oreshari Village - MF 29. 81. Near Topolovo Village, 185m, N41°40’45.2", E025°46’42.5" 82. Arda Valley, Kotlari Village - LG 90. 83. Arda Valley, the Iron Bridge on Arda River near Dolno Cherkovishte - LG 90. 84. Arda Valley, Strandjevo Village – LG 91. 85. Arda Valley, Bryagovets Village – LG 91. 86. Momina Skala Hut near Madjarovo- MG 01, N 41o38’44"; E 025o50’16" 87. Popsko Village - MG 00. 88. Arda Valley, Madjarovo town - MG 00. 89. Disused Mine Gallery in Gyurgen Dere Valley near Gaberevo Village, Madjarovo District – MG 00. 90. Arda Valley, the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo (Vulture Center) – 150m, N 41o38’37.1"; E 025o52’20.1", MG 01. 91. Arda Valley, above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo (Vulture feeding place) – 220m, N 41o38’44.0"; E 025o52’26.1", MG 01. 92. Arda Valley, Disused Mine Gallery near Madjarovo on the road to Borislavtsi Village, 160m – N 41o39’15.0"; E 025o52’15.9"; MG 01 93. Arda Valley, on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 2.5 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi, 190m - N 41o38’58.8"; E 025o52’36.4"; MG 01. 94. Arda Valley, on the road from Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi, 200m - N 41o38’44.9"; E 025o52’54.8" 95. Arda Valley, Arda River, 4.4 km from the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo to Borislavtsi Village, 130m - N 41o38’34.9"; E 025o53’14.9" 96. Near Gorno Pole Village, Madjarovo district, 440m, N 41o39’54.4"; E 025o49’45.4" 97. Ivanovo Village – MG 03. 98. Ivaylovgrad Dam, Borislavtsi Village - MG 11. 99. Harmanli - MG 04. 100. Dabovets Village - MF 11. 101. Ivaylovgrad Dam, Arda Hut near Dabovets Village - MG 11. 102. Zhelezino Village, Ivaylovgrad District 103. Byal Gradets Village, Ivaylovgrad District, 273m - N41°24’56.8"; E025°54’16.4" 104. Between Zhelezino and Gugutka villages, 2 km below Gugutka Village on the river 105. Zhelezari Village - MF 18. 106. Plevun Village - MF 19. 107. Biser Village – MG 13. 108. Disused Mine Gallery between Lozen and Cherna Mogila villages – MG 12. 109. Byala Reka Valley, Meden Buk Village - MF 18.
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S. BESHKOV, M. LANGOUROV 110. Byala Reka Valley, Zhaltichalskoto Dere Valley near Meden Buk Village - MF 18. 111. Kamilski Dol Village - MG 20. 112. Byala Reka Valley, Dolno Lukovo Village - MF 28. 113. Ivaylovgrad Dam, Kochash Village - MG 10. 114. Lyubimets - MG 23. 115. Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District - MF 29. 116. DUPKATA HILL NEAR IVAYLOVGRAD - MF 29. 117. Ivaylovgrad - MF 29. 118. Ladjata Suburb of Ivaylovgrad – MF 29. 119. Ivaylovgrad Dam, Barrage - MG 20. 120. Mezek Village - MG 22. 121. Byala Reka Valley, Mandritsa Village - MF 28. 122. LUDA REKA VALLEY, SIV KLADENETS VILLAGE, IVAYLOVGRAD DISTRICT - MF 28. 123. Byala Reka Valley, Odrintsi Village - MF 28. 124. Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village – MF 28. 125. Disused Bunker on Kodja-Kaya Hill near Odrintsi Village – MF 28. 126. Oreshenskoto-Dere Valley near Odrintsi Village - MF 28. 127. Belopolyane Village - MF 29.
References ABADJIEV S. 1992. Butterflies of Bulgaria, Part 1, Papilionidae & Pieridae. Veren Publisher, Sofia, 91 pp. ABADJIEV S. 1995. Butterflies of Bulgaria, Volume 3, Nymphalidae: Apaturinae & Nymphalinae. Publisher S. Abadjiev, Sofia, 159 pp. ABADJIEV S. 1993. Butterflies in a light trap (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). – Phegea, 21 (1): 27. ABADJIEV S. 1994a. Egg surface morphology of Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1808-1813]) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). – Atalanta, 25 (3-4): 521-524. ABADJIEV S. 1994b. On the larval foodplant of Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1808-1813]) in Bulgaria (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). - Entomologist’s Record, 16: 139 pp. ABADJIEV S. 2001. An Atlas of the Distribution of the Butterflies in Bulgaria (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea. – Zoogeographica Balcanica, Pensoft, Sofia-Moskow, 1: 335 pp. ABADJIEV, S. 2003. Bulgaria. Pp. 128-139 in C.A.M. van Swaay & M. S. Warren, eds. Prime Butterfly Areas in Europe: Prioriry sites for conservation. National Reference Centre for Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, The Netherlands. ABADJIEV S., TSHIKOLOTETS V., BESHKOV S. 1999. Notes on some late summer butterflies of Bulgaria with a short zoogeographical analysis (Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea). – Atalanta, 30 (1-4): 273-276. BEIGER, M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 49: 485-534 [in Polish]. BESHKOV S. [BESHKOW S.] 1992. Faunistic advances on Bulgarian Lepidoptera. - Boll. Ass. Romana Entomol., 46: 37-56. BESHKOV S. 1993. Lepidoptera. – In: Sakalian M. (ed.). National strategy for conservation of biological diversity. Main reports. Volume 1. Sofia, Biodiversity Support Program c/o WWF,. 1: 366-380, 399-402. (In Bulgarian). BESHKOV S. 1994. Migrant Lepidoptera species in Bulgaria, 1993 (Lepidoptera) – Atalanta, 25 (3-4): 469-478. BESHKOV S. 1995. A contribution to the knowledge of the Bulgarian Lepidoptera fauna (Lepidoptera: Macrolepidoptera). – Phegea, 23 (4): 201-218. BESHKOV S. 1996a. Yigoga flavina flavina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) = Yigoga flavina pretiosa (Caradja, 1931) syn. n., stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae). – Phegea, 24 (2): 69-80. BESHKOV S. 1996b. Migrant Lepidiptera Species in Bulgaria in 1995. – Atalanta, 27 (3-4): 517-533. BESHKOV S. [BESHKOW S.] 1998. Lepidoptera. – In: Meine C. (ed.). Bulgaria’s biological diversity: conservation status and needs assessment. Volumes I and II. Washington, Biodiversity Support Program, 236243, 255-257. BESHKOV S. 1999. Egira tibori Hreblay, 1994 - a new species for the European Fauna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae). – Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 77-83.
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BESHKOV S. 2000. An Annotated Systematic and Synonymic Check List of the Noctuidae of Bulgaria (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). - Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 49: 300 pp. BESHKOV S., GOATER B. 2000. Macrolepidoptera and Microlepidoptera : (Alucitidae and Pyralidae) recorded in Bulgaria, 12-24 September 1995 (Lepidoptera). – Hist. nat. bulg., 12: 41-58. BESHKOV S, NOWACKI J. 1998. New records of Macrolepidoptera from Bulgaria. - Roczn. Mus. gornosl. (Przyr.), 15: 45-51. BESHKOV S., NOWACKI J., PALKA K. 1999. Contribution to the knowledge on the distribution of Macrolepidoptera in Bulgaria. - Wiadom. entomol., Poznan, 18 (3): 169-185. BESHKOV S., PETROV B. 1996. A Catalogue of the Bulgarian Lepidoptera Species Reported and Collected From the Caves and Galleries in Bulgaria (Insecta: Lepidoptera). – Atalanta, 27 (1-2): 433-448. BESHKOV S., VASSILEV D. 1996. Migrant Lepidoptera species in Bulgaria, 1994. – Atalanta, 27 (1-2): 127-155. BURESCH I. 1912. Notizen über die Rhopalocerenfauna Bulgariens. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 5: 20-56. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I. 1940. Referate u. Mitteilungen. - Mitt. Bulg. Entomol. Ges. Sofia, 11: 243-249. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., ILTSCHEW D. 1915. Zweiter Beitrag zur Erforschung der Lepidopterenfauna von Trazien Mazedonien und der Nachbarländer. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 8: 151-197. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., ILTSCHEW D. 1921. Driter Beitrag zur Erforschung der Lepidopterenfauna von Trazien und Mazedonien. - Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 9: 61-86. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1929. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. I. Rhopalocera. - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 2: 145-250. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1930. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. II. Sphingidae und Bombyces. - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 3: 145-248. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1932. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. III (1). Noctuiformes. - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 5: 67-144. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1935. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. III (2). Noctuiformes (Fortzetzung). - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 8: 113-171. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1936. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. IV. Geometriformes. - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 9: 167-240. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1937. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. IV (2). Geometriformes (Fortzetzung). - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 10: 121-184. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1943. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. V. Nolidae-Hepialidae. - Mitt. Kgl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 16: 79-188. (In Bulgarian). EISNER C. 1963. Parnassiana nova, XXXIII. Nachträgliche Betrachtungen zu der Revision der Subfamilia Parnassiinae. (Fortsetzung 6). - Zool. Meded. Leiden, 38 (17): 281-294, Taf. XXI—XXII. EISNER C. 1974. Parnassiana nova XLIX. Die Arten und Unterarten der Baroniidae, Teinopalpidae und Parnassiidae (Lepidoptera). - Zool. Verhand. Leiden, 135: 1-96. GANEV J. [GANEV Y.] 1980. A Contribution to the Studies on Butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 16: 76-82. (In Bulgarian). GANEV J. 1982a. Records of new and local species of Heterocera from Bulgaria. - Nota lepid., 5 (4): 157-168. GANEV J. 1982b. Subfamilia Nymphulinae Duponchel, 1844 in Bulgaria (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae). – Atalanta, 13 (3): 224-229. GANEV J. 1983. Catalogue of the Galleriidae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) from Bulgaria. – Shilap Revta. Lepid., 11 (44): 287-291. GANEV J. 1984a. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tribus Eupitheciini in Bulgarien (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Nachr. Bayer. Ent., 33 (3): 84-85. GANEV J. 1984b. Studies on Heterocera from Bulgaria (Lepidoptera). – Phegea, 12 (2): 37-42. GANEV J. 1984c. A contribution to the study of the Pyraloidea of the Balkan Peninsula. - Nota lepid., 7 (1): 39-49. GANEV J. 1984d. Catalogue of the Bulgarian Bombyces and Sphinges (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Ctenuchidae, Saturniidae, Endromidae, Lasiocampidae, Sphingidae, Hepialidae, Cossidae, Thyrididae, Limacodidae, Drepanidae, Thyatiridae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Nolidae). – Entomofauna, 5 (33/1): 391-470. GANEV J. 1985a. Catalogue of the Eupitheciini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from Bulgaria (Parts 1-3). - Shilap Revta Lepid., 13 (49-51): 63-67, 137-142, 217-220.
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GANEV J. 1985b. A list of the Odotiinae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) from Bulgaria. – Nota lepid., 8 (3): 279-282. GANEV J. 1985c. Revidierter Katalog der Familie Crambidae in Bulgarien (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). – Atalanta, 16: 169-191. GANEV J. 1986a. Katalog der Unterfamilien Cybalomiinae, Evergestinae, Pyralinae und Peoriinae in Bulgarien (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). – Neue Ent. Nachr., 19 (1-2): 99-111. GANEV J. 1986b. A Catalogue of Scopariinae in Bulgaria (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). – Entomofauna, 7 (20): 281-291. GANEV J. 1987. Studie über Heterocera (Lepidoptera) aus Bulgarien III. – Articulata, 3 (1): 7-10. GANEV J. 1988a. The distribution of species of the Genus Hipparchia Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) in Bulgaria. - Articulata, 3 (4): 151-153. GANEV J. 1988b. Katalog der Unterfamilien Pyraustinae, Euclastinae, Acentropinae und Nachtrag zur Untersuchung der Pyraloidea in Bulgarien (Lepidoptera). – Stapfia, 16: 85-113. GANEV J., BESCHKOV S. 1987. Records of Macrolepidoptera from Bulgaria (Lepidoptera). – Phegea, 15 (2): 113-117. GOATER B. 1996. Two weeks entomologising in Bulgaria, 12-26 September 1995. - Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, 108: 269-284. GOGOV D., LOUKOV H, 1964. Certain new and rare species of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) for the fauna of Bulgaria. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 16: 151-155. (In Bulgarian). HACKER H. 1998. Revision der Gattungen Hadula Staudinger, 1889 (=Discestra Hampson, 1905; =Aglossestra Hampson, 1905; =Cardiestra Boursin, 1963), Anartomorpha Alpheraky, 1892, Trichanarta Hampson, 1895, Anarta Ochsenheimer, 1816 und Cardepia Hampson, 1905 mit Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung Hadumorpha gen. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). – Esperiana, 6: 577-843 + Taf. I-XIII. KRZYWICKI M. 1981. Anmerkungen zur Tagfalterfauna Bulgariens. – Nota lepid., 4 (1-2): 29-46. MARKOWITSCH A. 1923. Les papillons des Rhodopes. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 10: 121-141. (In Bulgarian). NESTOROVA E. 1980. A Contribution to the Studies on Family Geometridae in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 16: 83-85. (In Bulgarian). NESTOROVA E. 1984. New and Rare Butterflies (Lepidoptera) to the Bulgarian Fauna. - Acta zool. bulg., 24: 77-79. (In Bulgarian). NESTOROVA E. 1998. Catalogus Faunae Bulgaricae 2. Lepidoptera, Geometridae. Acad. Sc. Bulg., Inst. Zool., Pensoft, Sofia-Moskow, 193 pp. POPOV, P. 1952. Mass flight of Pyrameis cardui. – Priroda, Sofia 6: 68-69 (In Bulgarian). POPOV V. 1939. Referate u. Mitteilungen. – Mitt. Bulg. Entom. Ges. Sofia, 10: 170-175. (In Bulgarian). RONKAY L., YELA J., HREBLAY M. 2001. Hadeninae II. – Noctuidae Europaeae, Soro, 5: 452 pp. SLIVOV A. 1972. Neue Daten über die Verbreitung einiger Seltener Schmetterlingsarten in Bulgarien (Lepidoptera). – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 35: 51-60. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). SLIVOV A. 1973. Neue Schmetterlingsarten (Lep.) für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 37: 43-46. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). SLIVOV A. 1979. A Contribution to the Study on the Lepidopteral Fauna (Lepidoptera) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 12: 36-43. (In Bulgarian). SLIVOV A. 1984. New and Rare Butterfly Species of Family Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) in the Bulgarian Fauna. - Acta zool. bulg., 25: 56-66. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). SLIVOV A., LUKOV H. 1976 [1977]. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Schmetterlinge in Bulgarien. - In: Terrestrian Fauna of Bulgaria, Materials. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 234-242. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). TSCHORBADJIEV P. 1936. Materialien über die Schädlichen Insekten und anderen Feinde der Kulturpflanzen in Bulgarien. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 9: 151-170. (In Bulgarian). TSCHORBADJIEV P. 1938 [1939]. Materialien über die Schädlichen Insekten und anderen Feinde der Kulturpflanzen in Bulgarien. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 10: 55-72. (In Bulgarian). TULESKOV K. 1965. Schmetterlinge aus Thrakien. - In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk). II. Bulg. Ak. Wiss., 181-228. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). TULESCHKOV K., SLIVOV A. 1975a. Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera Geometridae, Noctuidae) aus den Rhodopen. - In: La Faune des Rhodopes, Matériaux. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 121-143. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). TULESCHKOV K., SLIVOV A. 1975b. Schmetterlinge (Microlepidoptera) aus den Rhodopen. - In: La Faune des Rhodopes, Matériaux. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 161-182. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
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Authors’ addresses: Stoyan Beshkov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Mario Langourov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Дневните и нощните люспестокрили насекоми (Insecta: Lepidoptera) от българската част на Източните Родопи Стоян БЕШКОВ, Марио ЛАНГУРОВ (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата работа се съобщават фаунистични данни за 1054 вида люспестокрили насекоми от които 179 вида са от групата Microlepidoptera и 875 – от групата Macrolepidoptera. За всеки вид са посочени находищата в Източните Родопи (общо 127 находища) където е установен, а в прегледа на литературата са посочени авторите и публикациите, ако видът преди това е публикуван от Източните Родопи. За някои от фаунистично интересните видове са дадени кратки фенологични данни и са направени кратки фаунистични и таксономични коментари. Данните за групата Microlepidoptera са оскъдни, докато групата Macrolepidoptera е сравнително добре проучена. Данните, послужили за написването на настоящата работа, са резултат от над 15 годишно събирана на материал от януари до декември в различни части от района, с различна интензивност през отделните години и по различни колекционни методи. Дневните люспестокрили насекоми са събирани по общоизвестните методи. Нощните са привличани от лампи с различна яркост и спектър и захранвани от различни източници на електричество, от автоматична светлинна ловилка и от хранителни примамки. Стъклянките (Sesiidae) са ловени с ентомологична мрежа и на комбинирани и видово спецефични феромони. Част от материала е събиран с малезова ловилка. Проблемните видове и видовете двойници са определени по гениталните арматури, включително и по надути в алкохол везики, част от които са илюстрирани в настоящата статия. В резултат от изследванията на авторите над 670 вида люспестокрили насекоми се съобщават за първи път в научната литература като нови за Източните Родопи, в предишни публикации на водещия автор беше описан един нов подвид за науката, беше съобщен един нов вид за Европа, седем нови вида за България, два нови вида за пещерната фауна на България. Тук се съобщава още един вид пеперуда (Xanthorhoe oxybiata), нов несамо за пещерната фауна на България, а за пещерната фауна изобщо. Един род (Stygoides Bruand, 1853) е нов за България. Тринадесет други вида (Melasina christenseni, Stygoides colchica, Depressaria badiella, Helcystogramma lineolella, Aethes margarotana, Epinotia caprana Epinotia nisella, Dioryctria simplicella, Trachycera advenella, Udea numeralis, Oulobophora externata, Hypena lividalis и Griposia wegneri) се съобщават като нови за българската фауна. За още пет вида (Zebeeba falsalis, Dasypolia ferdinandi petrovi, Leucania herrichi, Leucania punctosa и Lycophotia molothina) и за един род (Zebeeba) в Източните Родопи са единствените находища в България. Голям брой видове, до нашите изследвания известни у нас само от Югозападна България, бяха установени и в Източните Родопи. Общо броят на видовете съобщени в този сборник от гръцката и българската части на Източните Родопи е 1186, 918 от които са Macrolepidoptera. 43 вида от
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групата Macrolepidoptera са установени само от гръцката част района и 554 вида Macrolepidoptera са установени само в българската част от планината. Броят на общите видове от Гръцката и Българската части на Източните Родопи е 321, като всичките тези видове са от групата Macrolepidoptera. Общо броят на видовете люспестокрили насекоми (Macrolepidoptera и Microlepidoptera) установени само в българската част от района и публикувани в този сборник е 1143. Този брой обаче не е достатъчно достоверен, защото публикацията за гръцката част от Източните Родопи засяга само групата Macrolepidoptera.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
Stoyan BESHKOV, Hartmut WEGNER
Beshkov S., Wegner H. 2004. Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 677-722. Abstract. Data for 364 Macrolepidoptera species, collected by the authors and reported in the literature for the area explored, are reported. The original authors‘ data deal with the autumn fauna only. Two species, one of which is Microlepidoptera, are reported from two different caves. The literature sources for the region in their majority are published in Bulgarian and in Bulgarian journals. These data are results of the Bulgarian entomological expeditions at the time when this area was not separated from Bulgaria. The results of the Noctuidae researchers from Western Europe during the last decades can be found published in HACKER (1989). The region is however not yet well explored. Altogether, the number of the Lepidoptera species from the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes is 1186 species, 918 of which are from the group Macrolepidoptera. Forty-three (43) Macrolepidoptera species do not occur in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. They are found only in the Greek part of the mountain. Five hundred fifty four (554) Macrolepidoptera species are found only in the Bulgarian part of the mountain. The number of the common Macrolepidoptera species for the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the region is 321. Altogether, the number of the Lepidoptera species (Macrolepidoptera and Microlepidoptera) found only in the Bulgarian part of the mountain is 1143. This number however is not indicative enough, because this article is dealing only with the group Macrolepidoptera. Key words: Lepidoptera, Macrolepidoptera, Greece, Eastern Rhodopes, Rodopi, Evros, fauna, caves
The first data on this faunistically very interesting region were presented in the article of BURESCH & ILTSCHEW (1915). The articles of BURESCH & ILTSCHEW (1921) and of MARKOWITSCH (1923) followed. The first two articles were the result of several entomological expeditions of both authors together or separately or of donated material. In the third one, not much original data on the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found. At that time, this area together with Western Thrace, were for a short time part of Bulgaria. There was no information on the region and there was a great interest in exploring this area. Later on, the papers of BURESCH & TULESCHKOW (1929-1943) followed, in which also much data about the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found. The biggest part of the data there is however quoted from the previous article, as the original data are scarce. In the articles mentioned above, there is much
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information about the biology, food plants etc. for several species. Almost all data from the Bulgarian authors quoted above, together with many new data for the region, collected during the last decades by West European researchers, can be found in HACKER (1989). His book however is dedicated only to the family Noctuidae. Some other data from the region can be found in the other articles quoted, but they concern single species only, some of which have been previously reported from there. In COUTSIS & GHAVALÁS (2001), there are no localities given for the species reported, so the present article does not quote data from there . Moreover, this article is dealing with the whole Rhodopes. The same is the situation with some other articles, lacking collecting localities, which are omitted here and in the reference. The original data of Hartmut Wegner are only from the autumn, as the material was collected mostly on sugaring and only a small part of the specimens was collected at light. Part of his data are published (WEGNER, 2002). The rest of his data are original and they are from the end of October-beginning of November 2002. The locality, given below as Kirki, without a literature source, comprises 7 localities in a 5-km radius, situated at an altitude of 300-400 m. The locality, given below as Esimi, without a literature source, comprises 3 localities in a 5-km radius, situated at an altitude of 500-600 m. The Stoyan Beshkov’s data are mostly from Dadia Forest Reserve and from the area of Maronia Village, as his data are from the end of September. His material was collected on lamps, with light traps and on sugaring. Two species were collected in two different caves. One of them (Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859) is reported here, although it is from the group Microlepidoptera. The total number of the Lepidoptera species from the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes is 1045 species, 915 of which are Macrolepidoptera. Forty-four (44) Macrolepidoptera species are found only in the Greek part of the mountain. The systematics of the families generally follows the different authors in KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKY (1996), as the classification of the family Noctuidae is updated in accordance to the recent taxonomic revisions.
HEPIALIDAE Triodia amasinus dobrogensis (Caradja, 1932) Dadia Village, Information Center, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., resting at the lamps. ZYGAENIDAE Adscita mannii (Lederer, 1853) Potamos (=Badoma) Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1915, 5 specimens, Buresch leg., Alberti det. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 83; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 135). Adscita drenowskii Alberti, 1939 (=statices auct.) Potamos (=Badoma) Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 21.4.-1.5.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 193).
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Zygaena laeta (Hübner, 1790) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14.6.[7].1914, 1 specimen (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 193; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 127); Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Zygaena loti ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=achilleae (Esper, 1780) Alexandroupoli, 6.6.1918 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 121). Zygaena angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 Komotini, 17.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 83; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 124). Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, June, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 193); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 139). COSSIDAE Dyspessa ulula (Borkhausen, 1790) Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 193; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 155); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.05.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164; 1921: 83); “Cherven Obriv” near Alexandroupoli, May (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 83). ALUCITIDAE Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859 Cave of Koufovouno near Koufovouno Village, Didimoteicho District, 150 m, 29.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. 5 specimens, genitalia of 1 † amd 1 ‡ checked. THYRIDIDAE Thyris fenestrella (Scopoli, 1763) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 21.05.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). LASIOCAMPIDAE Eriogaster rimicola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 2-5.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Malacosoma franconica ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Komotini (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 229); Kalandja Village near Komotini, 05.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 71). It seems both these reports concern one and the same record.
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Lasiocampa trifolii ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Kyose Medjit Railway Station, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). SATURNIIDAE Saturnia pyri ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 25.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 186; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134). Saturnia pavonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134). Perisomena caecigena (Kupido, 1825) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 2-5.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. LEMONIIDAE Lemonia balcanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, caterpillar found on the ground (D. Iltchev leg.), pupated on 26.05.1917, emerged on 19.09.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77); Ibid, pupated 23.05.1916, emerged 26.09.1916 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 241) (Probably both these reports concern one and the same finding); Alexandroupoli, 19.09.1918 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 241). SPHINGIDAE Laothoe populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 20.07.1918 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 198); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 19-20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68); Ibid, 20.07.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 76). Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) ~10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) ~10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at a lamp; Komotini, 10.08.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184, MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134).
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Hemaris croatica (Esper, 1779) Soufli, 12.07.1914, 2 specimens (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 184, 196; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 207); Cham-Kyoi Monastery 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Dadia forest, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. in the day; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 11.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184); Soufli, 6.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184). Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen. Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 caterpillars, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 caterpillars, H. Wegner leg.; Makri Village, 21.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 76). HESPERIIDAE Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.04. - 02.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184). Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]) Soufi, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 184); Alexandroupoli, 20.04.[1914] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 1.5. [1914] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184). Carcharodus f loccifera (Zeller, 1847) (=altheae Hübner [1800-1803]) Soufi, 13.07.1914 and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 184); Soufli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 133); Makri Village, 21.04.[1914] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1914: 184). Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) Alexandroupoli, 10.04. - 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 184); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.04.- 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 184). Pyrgus sidae (Esper, [1784]) Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 26-30.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 184; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134).
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Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184). Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]) Alexandroupoli, 10.04.- 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.04.- 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 184). PAPILIONIDAE Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Alexandroupoli, 01- 04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 169); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 169). From both these localities caterpillars are reported as feeding on Aristolochia bodamae, wheather near Xanthi, caterpillars are reported as feeding on Aristolochia clematitis (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 169). Zerynthia cerisy ferdinandi Stichel, 1907 Alexandroupoli, 01- 04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 167, 168, 196); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 167, MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 125); Kalandja Village, Komotini District, 05.06.1916 [between Kirki and Sapes, Alexandroupoli District] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 70); Kirki Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 168; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 125); Komotini (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 168, 196). ?Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798) Delcho Iltschew introduced this species in 1918 (and reintroduced it again in 1919 (May, 21-29)) near Potamos Railway Station, on the railway to St. Todor Monastery, Alexandroupoli District. Both these years he introduced about 500 caterpillars yearly, on Aristolochia bodamae. Next spring, Delcho Iltschev observed adult caterpillars, which had originated from the previous year’s generation (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66, 69). Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Makri Village, 21.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 168); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 02.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 168); Soufi and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 Near Makri Village, April (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 168); Soufi and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Alexandroupoli and Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914 and 01-14.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 167); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 02.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 168).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
683
PIERIDAE Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, at the end of April (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 172); Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 172); Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 172). Leptidea duponcheli (Staudinger, 1871) Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915, 12-17.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 172, 195, 196; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 180); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915, 01.04.1912, 11.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 172, 196; BURESCH, 1921:178); Soufli, 12-17.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 172, 196; BURESCH, 1921:178; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 180); Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 16.06.1916, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH, 1921:178); Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Atarni, 150 m, 19.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 42). Colias crocea (Frourcroy, 1785) Near Makri Village, at the beginning of October (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 172; BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia Village, at the beginning of October (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 172); Komotini, at the beginning of October (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 172). Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 173). Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 172). Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1804]) (=belia auct.) Near Makri Village, 21.04.1904 [1914] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 171); Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167). Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) Kalandja Village, Komotini District, 06.06.1917 [between Kirki and Sapes, Alexandroupoli District] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 71). Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Makri Village, 08.10.1914, 22.04.[1915] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 166, 169; BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia Village, 08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 169); Alexandroupoli and Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914, 06.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 169).
684
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Pieris krueperi Staudinger, 1860 Near Potamos Railway Station, near Alexandroupoli, May and August, 1918 [18.8.1918, 06.08.1919, 21.05.1919], 26 specimens, Buresch & Ilchev leg. (BURESCH, 1921:168, 170; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 173); near St. Todor Monastery on the railway Potamos-Kirki, 16.08.1918, 21-29.05.1919, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68, 69); Ibid, 18.08.1818, 4 † (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 71). Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851) Maronia, 17.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 71; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 174); Komotini, 17.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 71). Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, Makri Village, Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 170); Lira, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 41). Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.04.1915, 22.03.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 170, 1921: 71); near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 170); Soufli, 5.7. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 171). Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) (=daplidice auct.) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli in April and March (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 171; 1921: 71); near Makri Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 171); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 171); near Alexandroupoli and Soufli in July (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 171). LYCAENIDAE Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) Near Makri Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166; BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Alexandroupoli, 1924.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181, 196); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 131); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 19-24.04.1914 and 13-18.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181); Soufli, 13-18.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 131); Lira, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 43). Lycaena ottomana (Lefebvre, [1830]) Alexandroupoli, 20.06.[4].1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 181; BURESCH, 1915: 188); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164); Eastern Evros, 25o45’E-40o55’N to 26o06’E-41o08’N, 25-350m alt. (TOLMAN, 2003: 285). Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) (=dorilis Hufnagel, 1766) Soufli, 13-17.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 182).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
685
Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) Kirki Village near Alexandroupoli, 16.06.1916 as Chrysophanus alcifron melibaeus Stgr. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 75). Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784]) Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 181); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164). Callophris rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, end of April 1914 and 11.05.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181, 1921: 75); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, end of April 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181); Makri Village, end of April, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 181). Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) (=telicanus Lang, 1789) Near Makri Village, 18.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 182; BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Amorion, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 44). Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 177); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.08.1919 and 18.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 75); Makri Village, 20.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 75); Maronia Village, 15.09.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 75); Soufi, 1317.07.1914 and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 183). Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761) (=cyllarus Rottemburg, 1775) Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 183). Glaucopsyche iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816) Alexandroupoli, 11.0.1916, 2 specimens (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 173). Plebeius agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=astrarhe Bergsträsser, 1779) Soufi and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli, 12.06.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 182); near Makri Village, 08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 182); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 182), Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 182); Komotini (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 182). Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, [1835]) Alexandroupoli, 14.07.1924 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 166); Soufli, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 166).
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S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 183); Alexandroupoli, 1.5. and 14.7. [1914] 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 183); Makri Village, 21.04. [1914] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 183); Lavara, 40 m, 16.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 44); Lira, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 44). Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) Soufli, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 183). NYMPHALIDAE Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 26.05.1919, a single [? overwintered] specimen (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 75). Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, [1777]) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.08.1919 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 240); Ibid, 17.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74); Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 240); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 129); Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Souf li (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Souf li, 13.08.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179). Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758) Narli-Kioy, Komotini District, 06-08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Komotini and Makri Village, spring generation (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Makri Village, beginning of October (BURESCH, 1915: 188); slopes above Komotini (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 129). Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767) Dadia forest, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; near Makri Village, 21.4. and 8.10. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 179; BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Soufli, 13.8. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Alexandroupoli, 20.4. and 14.7. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 1.5. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Komotini, 24.4. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179). Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, June, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 129); Komotini, 17.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74); The slopes above Komotini (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 129). Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) Komotini, 17.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
687
Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli and Soufli, 13-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 180); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 180); Makri Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 180). Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus, 1767) Alexandroupoli and Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 180). Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, 13.7. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandrouoli, 1.5. and 14.7. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179). Hyponephele lupina (Costa, [1836]) Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74); Maronia, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74). Melanargia galathea satnia Fruhstorfer, 1917 Komotini, 17.06.1916 as ssp. procida Hbst. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 73). Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871) Dadia Forest Reserve, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Aghia Varvara, 260m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. a single ‡ specimen; Maronia Village, 15.07.1917 as Satyrus hermione L. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74); Soufi and ChamKyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Hipparchia volgensis (Mazochin-Poshnjakov, 1952) Dadia forest, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. during the day, a single ‡ specimen. ?Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Makri Village, 08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 178, BURESCH, 1915: 188); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Ibid, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74). The H. semele identity is not completely certain; It is very possible that the name published concerns another species from this group. Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766) Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 179); Makri Village (BURESCH, 1915: 188). Hipparchia fatua Freyer, [1844] Dadia forest, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. during the day, single ‡; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.08.1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74; BURESCH, 1921: 92; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 236); Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH, 1921: 192;
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S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 236); Maronia, 15.09.1917, 20.08.1918 (BURESCH, 1918: 231; BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 74; BURESCH, 1921:192); Amorion, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 43); Lira, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 43). Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764) Soufi and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 178); near Makri Village, 08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 178); near Maronia (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 178). Limenitis reducta herculeana Stichel, [1908] (=camilla auct.) Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 1.5. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 174); Soufi and ChamKyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli, in July (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 174). Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) Makri Village, 21.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 174); Komotini, 01.04.1915, a single overwintered specimen (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 174); Ibid, (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 126). Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Makri Village, 08.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 174); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) Komotini, 01.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 174); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 6.4. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 174). Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) Narli Kyoy Village near Komotini, 07.10.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 174; BURESCH, 1915: 188); Komotini District (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 126); Lira, 40 m, 18.07.1977 (WILLEMSE, 1981: 42). Polygonia egea (Cramer, [1775]) Makri Village, 20.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 26.05.1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72); Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1929: 197). Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 20.03.1913, overwintered specimens (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72). Euphydrias aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) Eastern Evros, 25o45’E-40 o55’N to 26o06’E-41 o08’N, 25-350 m alt. (TOLMAN, 2003: 285).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
689
Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Alexandroupoli, 20.4. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 175). Melitaea trivia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Komotini, 27.07.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72); Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 166); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914, 12-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 166, 175). Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1778]) Alexandroupoli, 06.06.[1918] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72); Sarlar Village, north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72); Soufi and Cham-Kyoi, Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli, 12-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 175). Melitaea athalia (Rottemburg, 1775) Komotini, 17.07.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 72). Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli in July (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 176). Argynis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia forest, on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 73); Ibid, 14-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 177); Soufli and ChamKyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli, 14.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 177). Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, Alexandroupoli and Makri Village in April (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 176). DREPANIDAE Symatophorima diluta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Watsonalla binaria (Hufnagel, 1767) ~10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, maquis, 26.9.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp, a single † specimen. Cilix glaucata (Scopoli, 1763) Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 186); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164). The specimens reported can belong also to Cilix asiatica (O. Bang-Haas, 1907) - both these species occur in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes.
690
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
GEOMETRIDAE Ennominae Rhoptria asperaria (Hübner, 1817) (=Gnophos asperarius Rbl., incorrect spelling and author’s name) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 17.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg., det. Rebel (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 175). Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (Hübner, [1779]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Pachycnemia tibiaria (Rambur, 1829) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps, a single ‡ specimen. Pseudopanthera macularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 191); Komotini, 17.06.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Ennomos quercinaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Crocallis tusciaria (Borkhausen, 1793) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Menophra japygiaria (O. Costa, 1849) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66); Ibid, 01-05.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 195, 196); near Alexandroupoli, 6 specimens collected on 01-04.04.1915 and 23.05.1917, Ilchev & Buresch leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 191, 195; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 158); “Chervon Obriv” near Alexandroupoli, 25.03.1917, 5 specimens (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Menophra trypanaria (Wiltschire, 1948) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. 4 ††.
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
691
Peribatodes rhomboidaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=gemmaria Brahm, 1791) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 24.05.1917, 06.08.1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). ?Peribatodes perversaria (Boisduval, 1840) Probably wrongly reported from Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 0810.05.1918 and 06.06.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66, 81) instead of Peribatodes correptaria (Zeller, 1847). Peribatodes perversaria is an atlantic-mediterranean species, which has never been found in the Balkan Peninsula. Peribatodes umbraria (Hübner, [1809]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on lamps; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Peribatodes correptaria (Zeller, 1847) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 24.05.-06.06.1918 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 159); Ibid, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66) as Peribatodes perversaria (Boisduval, 1840). See under the last one. Selidosema plumaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. Ascotis selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Soufli, June, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 192). Gnophos sartata (Treitschke, 1827) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps and sugaring; near Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1917[1918] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 168); near Maronia, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 168). Semiaspilates ochrearia (Rossi, 1794) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.9.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.; Alexandroupoli, 21-30.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 192); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 21-30.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 182); near Makri Village, 21-30.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164).
692
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER Geometrinae Aplasta ononaria (Fuesly, 1783) Kirki Village, 16.06.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80). Chlorissa etruscaria (Zeller, 1849) (= pulmentaria (Guenée, 1857) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 17.8. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80).
Xenochlorodes olympiaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) (=beryllaria Mann, 1853) Ca.10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps, single † and single ‡ specimens; Soufli, June, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 188, 196; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 178). Sterrhinae Timandra comae A. Schmidt, 1931 (=griseata W. Petersen, 1902;=amata auct.) Soufli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 136); Ibid, 12.07.1914 and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Scopula ornata (Scopoli, 1763) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 189). Scopula decorata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 189). Scopula ochraceata (Staudinger, 1901) Alexandroupoli, 20.4.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 188); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 188). In the article quoted above, this species is reported as Acidalia rubiginata Hufn. var. ochraceata Stgr. Scopula marginepunctata (Goeze, 1781) Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 188). Scopula beckeraria (Lederer, 1853) Near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 191); Ibid, 20.04.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80). Idaea filicata (Hübner, [1799]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp and sugaring; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 8-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 1921: 66); Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 188). Idaea camparla (Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
693
Idaea ostrinaria (Hübner, [1813]) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66); Ibid, 24.05.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80). Idaea rubraria (Staudinger, 1901) Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 190); Makri Vilage, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 190). Idaea degenerarla (Hübner, [1799]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 0810.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66); Ibid, 24.5 and 17.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80). Rhodostrophia tabidaria (Zeller, 1847) Kirki Village, 16.6. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 15.05.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Larentiinae Lythria purpuraria (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Alexandroupoli, 15.07.1914 BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 189); Ibid, 16.06.1916, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 202); Ibid (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 136); Komotini, 12.03.1913 and 08.08.1919, Buresch leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 202); Kirki Village, 16.6. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Scotopteryx coarctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=coarctata F., incorrect subsequent spelling and author’s name) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 24.05.1818, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1936: 203). Epirrhoe galiata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Village, Information Center, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., resting at lamps. Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 18.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 191); Makri Village, 21.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 191). Nebula salicata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Village, Information Center, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., resting at lamps.
694
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Nebula ablutaria (Boisduval, 1840) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps 2 ††; Alexandroupoli, 24.03.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Chloroclysta siterata (Hufnagel, 1767) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Pannithera firmata (Hübner, 1822) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Horisme vitalbata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Soufli, 12.07.1914 and Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Horysme corticata (Treitschke, 1835) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 18.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Eupithecia cuculliaria (Rebel, 1901) Near Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1937: 130). Aplocera plagiata (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 29.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 190); Makri Village, 04.04.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 81). Lithostege farinata (Hufnagel, 1767) Alexandroupoli, 06.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167; 190); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167). NOTODONTIDAE Thaumetopoea solitaria (Freyer, 1838) Alexandroupoli, 30.04.1914, caterpillars (BURESCH, 1918: 274; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1930: 220). NOCTUIDAE Acronictinae Acronicta tridens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 18.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 220); Ibid, 05.05.1985, Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 220). Acronicta aceris (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 222).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
695
Acronicta megacephala ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 216). Acronicta orientalis orientalis Mann, 1862 (=orientalis galvagnii Schawerda, 1916) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 05.05.1985, Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 220, 480, 493). Acronicta rumicis rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 186; 1921: 77, MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 134). Craniophora pontica (Staudinger, 1879) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.08.1919 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 75). Simyra nervosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 27.08.1983, 22.06.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 213, 480). Simyra dentinosa Freyer, 1839 Komotini (BURESCH, 1918: 276; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 76; HACKER, 1989: 214), Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164; BURESCH, 1918: 276; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 76; HACKER, 1989: 214); Potamos north of Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164; BURESCH, 1918: 276; HACKER, 1989: 214). In BURESCH & ILTSCHEW (1915: 186) caterpillars are reported from these three localities above as abundant on Euphorbia seuloides Vel. at the end of April. Bryophilinae Cryphia algae (Fabricius, 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 226). Cryphia ochsi Boursin, 1941 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. a single ‡ specimen; Kavisos near Feres, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 226). Cryphia rectilinea rectilinea (Warren, 1909) (=vandalusiae (Duponchel, 1842), auct.) Maronia, 25.09.1917 (det. Rebel) (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Cryphia vandalusiae (Duponchel, 1842) is a full species, which does not occur in the Balkans: It is an Atlantic-mediterranean species, known from Eastern Pyrenees, France, Corsica, Northern Italy and questionably from Sardinia. H e r m i n i i n ae Polypogon plumigeralis (Hübner, [1825]) (=crinalis (Treitschke, 1829), auct.) Potamos Railway Station, Alexandroupoli District, 21[24].05.1918, 18.08.1918, Buresch leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW,
696
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
1935: 164); Ibid, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 18.07.1984, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg., Ibid, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 402). Catocalinae Catocala dilecta (Hübner, 1808) Kavisos [near Feres], 100 m, 29.06.1987, M. Fibiger leg. (GOATER, RONKAY & FIBIGER, 2003: 262); 35 km N of Alexandropouli at Kirki, 20-21.08.1985, M. Fibiger leg. (GOATER, RONKAY & FIBIGER, 2003: 262). Catocala elocata (Esper, [1787]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; ~10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on sugaring. Catocala conjuncta (Esper, [1787]) Potamos Railway Staton near Alexandroupoli, 06-21.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg., Ibid, 20.07.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80); Ibid, caterpillars on Quercus coccifera, pupated on 20.06.1918, emerged on 19.07.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 154); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 154); Makri Vilage, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 154). Catocala conversa (Esper, [1787]) Potamos Railway Staton near Alexandroupoli, 30.06.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80); Ibid, caterpillars on Quercus coccifera, pupated on 21.05.1918, emerged on 30.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 155). Catocala hymenaea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Potamos Railway Station, Alexandroupoli District, 06.08.1919, (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 155); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 18.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 373, 488). Catocala eutychea (Treitschke, 1835) Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80); Ibid, caterpillars on Quercus coccifera, pupated on 15.05.1918, emerged on 15.06.1918, Buresch leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 156); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.05.1918, caterpillars on Quercus coccifera, pupated 14-16.05.1918, emerged 10-15.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80). Clytie syriaca (Bugnion, 1837) (=illunaris auct.) Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1917 [1918], D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 149).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
697
Ophiusa tirhaca (CRAMER, 1777) Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.07.1917, (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 150); Ibid, 19-20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68). Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on sugaring; Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 148); Soufli, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135, BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 148); Potamos Railway Sstation near Alexandroupoli, 21.5. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79); Ursanla Village, Komotini District (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79). Grammodes bifasciata (Petagna, 1787) (=geometrica auct., nec Fabricius, 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 378). Prodotis stolida (Fabricius, 1775) Alexandroupoli, 20.04.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 166, 187); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914, 14-15.07.1914, 22.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 166, 187; 1921: 79); near Makri Village, 21.4.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 164, 187); Souf li, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79). Lygephila craccae ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 160, BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68, 80). Aedia leucomelas (Linnaeus, 1758) Itea near Feres, 100 m, 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 383). Tyta luctuosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Soufli, 13.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187). Zethes insularis Rambur, 1833 Kavisos [near Feres], 100 m, 29.06.1987, M. Fibiger leg. (GOATER, RONKAY & FIBIGER, 2003: 250); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 19.[20].08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 146, BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 24.05. 1917 [1918], D. Ilchev leg. and 22.07.[8].1918, I. Buresch leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 146); Ibid, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66).
698
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Calpinae Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 10.08.1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 137); Komotini, 10.08.1919 (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 137); Ursanla Village, 06-10.08.1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79); Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 391). Hypeninae Zekelita antiqualis (Hübner, [1813]) Potamos Railway Station, Alexandroupoli District, 24.05.1917[1918] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 80; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 164); Ibid, 08-10.05.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 66). Hypena rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 9), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimensl; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Dadia forest, unused mine gallery on the road from Dadia to Yiannouli, Agia Barbara, 260 m, 28.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. Plusiinae Diachrysia chrysitis (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 18.07.1984 and 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 357, 486). Macdunnoughia confusa (Stephens, 1850) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 359). Cornutiplusia circumf lexa (Linnaeus, 1767) Kavisos [near Feres], 100 m, 29.06.1987, M. Fibiger leg. (GOATER, RONKAY & FIBIGER, 2003: 272). Plusia festucae (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983 and 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 359). Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 2-5.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; Soufli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135); Ibid, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187); Alexandroupoli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135); Ibid, 01.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187); Komotini, 01.04.1916 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
699
Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper, [1789]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg., a single specimen; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Kirki [near Alexandrouloli], 500 m, 10-11.10.1991, F. Scheipler leg., in coll. M. Fibiger (GOATER, RONKAY & FIBIGER, 2003: 274). Abrostola triplasia (Linnaeus, 1758) (=trigemina Werneburg, 1864) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 351). Acontiinae Acontia lucida (Hufnagel, 1766) Cham-Kyoi Monastery 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); Soufli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135); Alexandroupoli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135); Ibid, 20.04.1914 and 15.07.1914 and Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01.05.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187). Acontia titania (Esper, [1798]) =urania Frivaldszky, 1835 Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 17.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 340). Eublemma purpurina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Alexandroupoli (MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135); Alexandroupoli and Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 14-15.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Phyllophila obliterata (Rambur, 1833) Kavisos near Feres, 22.06.1984, Hacker & Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 335, 496). Eustrotiinae Protodeltote pygarga (Hufnagel, 1766) Kavisos near Feres, 27.07.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 36). Odice suava (Hübner, [1813]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 18.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 327). Calymma communimacula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 334, 496); Alexandroupoli, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 334). Eublemma ostrina (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg.
700
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Metachrostis velox (Hübner, [1813]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps and sugaring; Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1935: 129; BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68); Kavisos near Feres, [100 m], 27.8.1983, coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 496). Cuculliinae Cucullia calendulae Treitschke, 1835 (=wredowi O. G. Costa, [1836]) Leptocarya, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg (HACKER, 1989: 143). Shargacucullia verbasci (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 187); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167). Calophasia platyptera (Esper, [1788]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 27.08.1983, H. Hacker & Wolf leg.; Ibid, 2.9.1985, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 153). Cleonymia opposita (Lederer, 1870) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 05.05.1985, Wolf leg. coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 156). Praestilbia armeniaca Staudinger, 1892 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Pyrois effusa (Boisduval, [1828]) Near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Cyclope Polypheme cave near Maronia, Komotini District, 100 m alt., 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. a hybernating single † specimen; Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 233); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 233). Amphipyra pyramidea (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Amphipyra berbera svenssoni Fletcher, 1968 Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 235). Amphipyra livida ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 10), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the reatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single spec-
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
701
imen; Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 236); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 236). Dilobinae Diloba caeruleocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Stirriinae Aegle kaekeritziana (Hübner, [1796-1799]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 18.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1985: 68); Ibid, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 309). Haemerosia vassilininei (Bang-Haas, 1912) Kavisos, 100 m, 6 km near Feres, 18.07.1984, a single ‡ specimen (HACKER, 1985: 68; HACKER, 1989: 311). Heliothinae Schinia scutosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983, Hacker & Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 317). Heliothis peltigera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Alexandroupoli, 25.05.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79). Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp and sugaring; Soufli, 17.08.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 187). Hadeninae Episema tersa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp, 3 †† and a single ‡ specimens. Episema korsakovi (Christoph, 1885) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps Aporophila australis (Boisduval, 1829) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than
702
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Aporophila nigra (Haworth, 1809) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 167); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens. Aporophila canescens (Duponchel, 1826) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Lithophane ledereri (Staudinger, 1892) Near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 5 specimens; Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 170). Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 171); Leptokaria, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 171). Lithophane lapidea (Hübner, [1808]) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg, (HACKER, 1989: 172). Lithophane merckii (Rambur, 1832) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 172; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 310). Scotochrosta pulla ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 25.10.1999 [1998] (WEGNER, 2002: 15), a single specimen; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 2531.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens. Xylena vetusta (Hübner, [1813]) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 173); Leptokaria, 1000 m alt., 29.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 173). Xylena exsoleta (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
703
specimens; Leptokaria, 1000 m alt., 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 174); Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg. and 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 174); Sapae, Sikorrahi, Alexandroupoli District, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 174). Xylena lunifera (Warren, 1910) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Leptokaria, 1000 m alt., 29.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 174). Valeria oleagina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 500m, 02-03.04.1985, Fibiger leg. (RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 330). Meganephria bimaculosa (Linnaeus, 1767) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 15), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 176); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 176). Allophyes oxyacanthae (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 176); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 176); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 176). The genitalia of the specimens from Kirki are checked, they belong to Allophyes oxyacanthae, not to A. asiatica. Rileyiana fovea (Treitschke, 1825) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 01.11.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 177); Leptokaria, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg (HACKER, 1989: 177); Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 177). Dryobota labecula (Esper, [1788]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 175); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.
704
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Dichonia convergens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; Leptokaria, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg (HACKER, 1989: 180); Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 180); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 180). Dichonia aeruginea (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 179); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens. Griposia aprilina (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 15), a single specimen; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 2531.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 2526.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 178); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Leptokaria, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg (HACKER, 1989: 178). Griposia aprilina in Kirki district is sympatric to Griposia wegneri and Griposia pinkeri (see in KOBES & FIBIGER, 2003). In some of the other localities misidentification is possible, due to the data from literature sources. Griposia wegneri Kobes & Fibiger, 2003 Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300m, 25.10.2002 (Holotype) H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 5 ‡‡, 2 †† (Paratypes); Ibid, 23.10.1984, 1 ‡, von Mentzer & Moberg leg. (Paratype); Ibid, 10-11.10.1991, Schepler leg., 3 †† (Paratypes). Griposia wegneri in this locality is sympatric to Griposia aprilina and Griposia pinkeri (see in KOBES & FIBIGER, 2003). Griposia pinkeri (Kobes, 1973) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 179); Ibid, XI.1984, coll. Hacker and Fibiger (HACKER, 1989: 478; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 312); near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Griposia pinkeri in Kirki district is sympatric to Griposia wegneri and Griposia aprilina (see in KOBES & FIBIGER, 2003). Dryobotodes eremita (Fabricius, 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 16), the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1985, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 181);
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
705
near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 01.11.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 181). Dryobotodes monochroma (Esper, 1790) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 16), 2 specimens; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 182); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 182). Dryobotodes carbonis (F. Wagner, 1931) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day -more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Dryobotodes tenebrosa (Esper, [1789]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Ammoconia caecimacula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 192); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Sapae, Sikorrahi, Alexandroupoli District, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 192). Ammoconia senex senex (Geyer, 1828) (=senex wagneri Boursin, 1935) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 16), the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Polymixis rufocincta rufocincta Geyer, [1828] Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen.
706
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Polymixis trisignata (Ménétriés, 1847) (leuconota auct. nec Frivaldszky, 1841, nec Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 16), 2 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 185); Near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10. and 01.11.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 185); Leptokaria, Lesitse, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg (HACKER, 1989: 185); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 185). Polymixis serpentina (Treitschke, 1825) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Platyperigea kadenii (Freyer, 1836) Itea near Feres, 100 m, 2.11.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 297). Paradrina clavipalpis (Scopoli, 1763) (=quadripunctata (Fabricius, 1775) (incorrect subsequent spelling) Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.8.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Paradrina f lavirena (Guenée, 1852) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps and sugaring. Hoplodrina ambigua ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. al lamps and sugaring. Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; ca.10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 and 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 187, 1921: 78); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167). Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 Kavisos [6 km north of Feres, 100 m], 5.5.1985, coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 484). Rusina tristis (Retzius, 1783) (=ferruginea (Esper, [1785]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 240).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
707
Anthracia eriopoda (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.9.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp and sugaring; Makri, 16-20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 132); Alexandroupoli, 16-20.8.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 132); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 19-20.08.1917 [1918], D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandropoli, 18-20.08.1917 [1918], abundant (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79); Itea near Feres, 100 m, 02.09.1985, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 240). Polyphaenis viridis (Villers, 1789) (=sericata (Esper, [1787]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 17.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 241); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Polyphaenis subsericata Herrich-Schäffer, [1861] Provaton [Provatonas], 29.09.1977, Grotenfelth leg., det. Moberg (HACKER, 1989: 242). Trachea atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, May, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. Chloantha hyperici ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 18.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Methorasa latreillei (Duponchel, 1827) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, caterpillars found on Adiantum capillis-veneris, pupated on 20.08.1918, emerged on 07.09.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 119). Ipimorpha subtusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, 2 specimens, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 247). Parastichtis ypsillon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 248); Ibid, 22.06.1984, Weigert leg. (HACKER, 1989: 248).
708
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Mesogona acetosellae ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Dicycla oo (Linnaeus, 1758) Alexandroupoli, 24.04.1918, caterpillars on Quercus coccifera, pupated on 10.05.1918, emerged on 11.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 137); Ibid, imago on 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 79); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 249). Cosmia affinis (Linnaeus, 1767) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 250). Cosmia confinis Herrich-Schäffer, [1849] (=rhodopsis Boursin, 1962) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 250, 480). Atethmia centrago (Haworth, 1809) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 10), 3 specimens; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 209). Tiliacea aurago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 24.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 11), single specimen. Tiliacea sulphurago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=fulvago auct., nec Clerck, 1759) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 210). Tiliacea cypreago christiani (Fibiger, 1992) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Ibid, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 212). Xanthia gilvago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Xanthia ocellaris (Borkhausen, 1792) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 11), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. The f. intermedia is erroneously determined as X. gilvago (see in RAKOSY, 1996: 587, plate 12: 24 and in NOWACKI, 1998, plate 12: 292); Both figures are not gilvago, but ocellaris f. intermedia, see also in WEGNER, 2002 in Esperiana 9: 557, plate 1: 9.
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
709
Agrochola lychnidis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Agrochola circellaris (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 11), the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens; Lesitse, Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 199); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 199). Agrochola schreieri Hacker & Weigert, 1986 Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 11), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens. After HACKER, 2001 (Fauna of the Levante, Esperiana 8: 224) Agrochola schreieri, not A. lota occurs in Northern Greece (see in HACKER, 2001: 8, 224 and in WEGNER, 2002: 11). In the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes however, all specimens checked by the senior author (genitalia with everted vesica checked) belong only to A. lota (see also in BESHKOV & LANGOUROV, in this volume). Agrochola macilenta (Hübner, [1809]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-5.11.2002, the greatest number inone day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Lesitse, Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 201). ?Agrochola lactif lora wautieri Dufay, 1975 Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, 1000 m, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 205). In HACKER (1909: 205) No. 275 seems to concern 2 species: A. lactiflora wautieri and Agrochola fibigeri Hacker & Moberg, 1989. The latter is known however from a single specimen (holotype), from Chelmos Mts only, therefore the other specimens reported under this number should be considered Agrochola lactiflora wautieri Dufay. Agrochola lactiflora wautieri Dufay however is not mentioned further in lirerature (e.g. HACKER & MOBERG, 1989) from this locality, so we accept its occurrence there as doubtful. Agrochola nitida ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 202). Agrochola deleta (Staudinger, 1881) (not thurneri Boursin, 1953) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-
710
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens. Agrochola thurneri Boursin, 1953 Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 204). In the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes only A. deleta is registered. Agrochola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 203); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 203). Agrochola osthelderi Boursin, 1951 Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Ibid, 23.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 204). Agrochola laevis (Hübner, [1803]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 207); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-50.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; Lesitse, Leptokaria, 1000 m, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 207); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 207); Kavisos near Feres, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 207). Agrochola rupicapra rupicapra (Staudinger, 1879) (=kresnaensis Ronkay & Mészáros, 1982) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 206); Kirki village, Alexandroupoli District, 23 and 26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 206, 480); Sapae, Sikorrahi, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 206). Agrochola litura (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 205). Agrochola humilis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
711
Agrochola mansueta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; Ibid, 23 and 26.10.1984, von Mentzer & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 201). Spudaea pontica Klyuchko, 1968 (=ruticilla auct.) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 01.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 208; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 304). Eupsilia transversa (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 12), the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens; Ibid, Fibiger & Moberg leg, April, 1985 (HACKER, 1989: 193). Jodia croceago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg, (HACKER, 1989: 194; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 304). Conistra vaccinii (Linnaeus, 1761) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 400 m, 23-25.10.1998 (WEGNER, 2002: 12), the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 02.04.1985 Fibiger & Moberg leg, (HACKER, 1989: 195); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 26.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 195); Lestiste, Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 195). Conistra ligula (Esper, [1791]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; 5 km NNW of Komotini, 40 m, 07.10.1985, de Freina leg. (HACKER, 1989: 195). Conistra rubiginosa (Scopoli, 1763) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Kirki vilage, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 196). Conistra veronicae (Hübner, [1813]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H.
712
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1981 and 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 196; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 306); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg, on lamp, a single ‡ specimen; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 16.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 196). Conitra rubiginea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; Ibid, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 197); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Conistra erythrocephala ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. and 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 199); near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 2-5.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 15.10.1984, Schreier leg. (HACKER, 1989: 198); Lesitse, Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 198). Conistra torrida (Lederer, 1855) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; Lesitse, Leptokaria, Alexandroupoli District, 24.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 197); Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 197). Conistra ragusae macedonica (Pinker, 1956) Near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg. Apamea syriaca (Osthelder, 1933) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, 1 † and 1 ‡, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 256, 466, 482); Ibid, 1 ‡, Weigert leg. (HACKER, 1989: 256). Mesoligia furuncula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=bicoloria (de Villers, 1789) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 17.08.1983, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 268). Mesapamea secalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 17.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 270).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
713
Eremobia ochroleuca asiatica Draudt, 1936 Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 274). Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner, [1803]) Sapae, Sikorrahi, Alexandroupoli District, 22.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 286); Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 286). Luperina dumerilii (Duponchel, 1826) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens. Gortyna f lavago ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Itea near Feres, 100 m, 02.09.1985, Derra leg. (HACKER, 1989: 279); 5 km NNW of Komotini, Mishas, 40 m, 07.10.1985, 2 specimens (HACKER, 1989: 587). Archanara geminipuncta (Haworth, 1809) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 18.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 284). Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, June 1914, Andonov leg. (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 186); Ursanla Village, Komotini District, 09.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 101). Lacanobia suasa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 100). Hecatera dysodea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 104). Hecatera bicolorata (Hufnagel, 1766) (=serena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) =serena F. (incorrect author’s name) Soufli, 12.07.1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166, 186; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 101); Cham-Kyoi Monastery, 15 km SW of Soufli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Hecatera cappa (Hübner, [1809]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 27.08.1983, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 105, 472). Hadena capsincola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (=bicruris auct.) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 27.08.1983, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 112 as H. bicruris (Hufnagel, 1766), HACKER (1996: 39, HACKER, RONKAY & HREBLAY, 2002: 222) as Hadena capsincola ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775).
714
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Hadena silenes (Hübner, [1822]) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 05.05.1985, Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 107, 472; HACKER, 1992: 331). Hadena syriaca podolica (Kremsky, 1937) Kavisos [6 km north of Feres], 05.05.1985 (HACKER, 1989: 472, HACKER, 1992: 280). Mythimna vitellina (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; ~10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Kyose Medjt Railway Station, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Mythimna ferrago (Fabricius, 1787) (=lithargyria (ESPER, [1788]) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 18.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1919, (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Mythimna albipuncta ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen. Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg. 4 specimens; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on lamps and sugaring. Acantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel, 1827) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. 2 specimens; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on sugaring. Analetia riparia (Rambur, 1829) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 27.08.1983, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 132). Mythimna sicula (Treitschke, 1835) (=f. scirpi (Duponchel, 1836) Alexandroupoli, 01-05.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 186, 195, 196; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 124); Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 01-04.04.1915 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 167, 195).
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
715
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. Leucania comma (Linnaeus, 1761) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 18.07.1984, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 136). Leucania herrichi Herrich-Schäffer, 1849 Itea near Feres, 100 m, 02.09.1985, H. Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 139, 474); Kavisos [north of Feres], 100 m, 22-23.08.1985, leg. and in coll. M. Fibiger (HACKER, RONKAY & HREBLAY, 2002: 236); Kirki Village, 30 km north of Alexandroupoli, 500 m, 20-21.08.1985, leg. and in coll. M. Fibiger (HACKER, RONKAY & HREBLAY, 2002: 236). Leucania putrescens (Hübner, [1824]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Kavisos [6 km north of Feres, 100 m], 27.08.1983 (HACKER, 1989: 474). Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel, 1766) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.05.1985, von Mentzer leg. (HACKER, 1989: 124). Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus, 1758) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 125). Orthosia cruda ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District (HACKER, 1989: 121). Ortosia miniosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 500 m, 02-03.04.1985, Fibiger leg. (RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 292). Orthosia populeti (Fabricius, 1781) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 500 m, 02-03.04.1985, Fibiger leg. (RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 294). Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) (=stabilis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 500 m, 02-03.04.1985, Fibiger leg. (HACKER, 1989: 123; RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 292). Orthosia schmidti pinkeri Hreblay & Varga, 1993 Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, end of April 1985, von Mentzer leg. (HACKER, 1989: 420).
716
S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER
Egira conspicillaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 120); Kirki, Alexandroupoli District (HACKER, 1989: 120). Perigrapha rorida (Frivaldszky, 1835) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 02.04.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 125; FIBIGER, HACKER & MOBERG, 1996: 206); Ibid, (RONKAY, YELA & HREBLAY, 2001: 296). Tholera cespitis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Itea near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 118). Noctuinae Ochropleura plecta (Linnaeus, 1761) Kavisos, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 50). Ochropleura leucogaster (Freyer, [1831]) Komotini, 10.08.1919, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 85); Ursanla Village, Komotini District, 9.[8].1919 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.9.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77); near Makri Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166); near Maronia Village (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 166). Noctua orbona (Hufnagel, 1767) Near Kirki Village, 200 m (HACKER, 1989: 64). Noctua comes (Hübner, [1813]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg. 3 specimens; near Esimi Village, 500600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps and sugaring; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli in August (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). Lampra fimbriata (Schreber, 1759) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., 1 ‡, gen. det.
Macrolepidoptera of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes
717
Euschesis janthina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 16.08.1918 ((BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 78); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m (HACKER, 1989: 68). Euschesis tertia (von Mentzer, Moberg & Fibiger, 1991) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps. Internoctua interjecta (Hübner, [1803]) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.08.1919, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 79); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 68). Divaena haywardi haywardi (Tams, 1926) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt. (HACKER, 1989: 69); Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District (HACKER, 1989: 69). Epilecta linogrisea ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Kavisos [north of Feres, 100 m] 09.07.1986, Fibiger leg. (FIBIGER, 1993: 202). Rhyacia simulans (Hufnagel, 1766) (sensu lat.) Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1932: 86); Ibid, 6.6.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). Xestia castanea (Esper, [1798]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Ibid, 25-26.10.1984, Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 81). Xestia xanthographa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on sugaring; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. on sugaring. Xestia cohaesa (Herrich-Schäffer, [1849]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, the greatest number in one day - more than 20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 specimens, H. Wegner leg.; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps.
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S. BESHKOV, H. WEGNER Naenia typica (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m alt., 23.06.1984, Weigert leg. (HACKER, 1989: 83).
Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg. a single specimen; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp and atsugaring; Soufli, June 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 186; MARKOWITSCH, 1923: 135). Euxoa cos cos (Hübner, 1824) Kavisos [north of Feres, 100 m] (HACKER, 1989: 33). Euxoa glabella balcanica Fibiger, 1997 Kavisos [north of Feres, 100 m] (HACKER, 1989: 32); Ibid, 22-23.08.1985, 19 †† and 6‡‡ (Holotype, allotype and 23 paratypes), Fibiger & Moberg leg., in coll. M. Fibiger, A. Moberg, B. Goater & M. Hreblay (FIBIGER, 1990: 166; FIBIGER, 1997: 49). Euxoa aquilina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 16.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). Euxoa distinguenda (Lederer, 1857) Kavisos [north of Feres, 100 m] (HACKER, 1989: 33). Euxoa temera (Hübner, [1808]) 10 km eastern of Maronia, 110 m, maquis, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg., at lamp, a single † and a single ‡ specimens; Itea n Feres, 02.09.1985 (HACKER, 1989: 470). Yigoga f lavina pretiosa (Caradja, 1931) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 22.06.1984 (HACKER, 1989: 46, 470). Agrotis crassa (Hübner, [1803]) Kyose Medjt Railway Station, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 78). Agrotis puta (Hübner, [1803]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, maquis, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg, at lamp, 2 †† and a single ‡ specimens; Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg, at lamp, a single ‡ specimens. The collected specimens are surely A. puta, not A. syricola; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77).
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Agrotis syricola (Corti & Draudt, 1933) Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli district, Stangelmaier leg. (G. Stangelmaier, pers. comm. II.2004). Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 21.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77). Agrotis trux (Hübner, [1824]) 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamp and at sugaring. Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) Kavisos, 100 m alt., July-September (HACKER, 1989: 39); Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 25-26.10.1984 (HACKER, 1989: 39). Agrotis segetum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 23-25.10.1998, H. Wegner leg.; Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 02-05.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, H. Wegner leg.; 10 km east of Maronia, 110 m, Q. coccifera and Olives, 26.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at sugaring. Agrotis spinifera (Hübner, [1808]) Kyose Medjt Railway Station, 15.09.1917 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 77); Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 27.08.1983, Dera, Hacker & Wolf leg. (HACKER, 1989: 37). Aganainae Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761) Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 107); Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82). LYMANTRIIDAE Euproctis chryssorrhoea (Linnaeus, 1758) Soufli, June, 1914 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1915: 185). NOLIDAE Nycteola revayana (Scopoli, 1772) Kirki, Alexandroupoli District, 02.06.1985, Fibiger & Moberg leg. (HACKER, 1989: 347).
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Bena bicolorana (Fuessly, 1775) (=prasinana auct., nec Linnaeus) Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 89; BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 68, 82); Makri Village, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918, D. Ilchev leg. (BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 89). Earias chlorana (Linnaeus, 1761) Kavisos near Feres, 100 m, 17.07.1984, Hacker leg. (HACKER, 1989: 343); Ibid, 05.05.1985, Wolf leg., coll. Hacker (HACKER, 1989: 343). ARCTIIDAE Syntomis phegea (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 06.06.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82). Probably the specimens reported there belong to the next species. Syntomis kruegeri marjana Stauder, 1913 Alexandroupoli (BURESCH, 1931: 11). Dysauxes famula pontica Friese, 1959 (=punctata auct.) Dadia Forest Reserve, 10 km to Dadia Village from Leptokaria, 350 m, Pinus forest, 27.09.2000, S. Beshkov, B. Petrov & P. Stoev leg. at lamps; Sarlar Village north of Makri, Alexandroupoli District, 20.08.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 93). Spiris striata (Linnaeus, 1758) Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 23.05.1918 (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82). Arctia villica (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Kirki Village, Alexandroupoli District, 300-400 m, 25-31.10.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 caterpillars, H. Wegner leg.; near Esimi Village, 500-600 m, 0205.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 caterpillars, H. Wegner leg.; near Avas Village, 200 m, 01.11.2002, the greatest number in one day - 5-20 caterpillars, H. Wegner leg.; Potamos Railway Station near Alexandroupoli, 25.05.1915 [1917] (BURESCH & ILTSCHEW, 1921: 82; BURESCH & TULESCHKOW, 1943: 103).
References BURESCH I. 1915. Annuaire de la Section entomologique de la Société bulgare des sciences naturelles. 1914. – Trav. Soc. bulg. sci. natur., 7: 186 -188. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I. 1921. Neue und seltene Schmetterlingsarten aus Trazien und Mazedonien. – Zeitchr. Bulg. Akad. Wiss., 23: 155-216 (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I. 1918. Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna des Piringebirges (Pirin-Planina) in Mazedonien. - Zeitschr. wiss. Insektenbiol., 14 (5-6): 97-107; (7-8): 137-144; (9-10): 224-231; (11-12): 271-281, Taf. II—IV. BURESCH I. 1931. - Referate und. Mitteilungen. Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 6: 10-12.
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BURESCH I., ILTSCHEW D. 1915. Zweiter Beitrag zur Erforschung der Lepidopterenfauna von Trazien – Mazedonien und der Nachbarländer. - Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 8: 151-197. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., ILTSCHEW D. 1921. Dritter Beitrag zur Erforschung der Lepidopterenfauna von Trazien und Mazedonien. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 9: 61-86. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1929. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. I. Rhopalocera. - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 2: 145-250. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1930. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. II. Sphingidae und Bombyces. - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 3: 145-248. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1932. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. III (1). Noctuiformes. - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 5: 67-144. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1935. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. III (2). Noctuiformes (Fortzetzung). - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 8: 113-171. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1936. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. IV. Geometriformes. - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 9: 167-240. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1937. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. IV (2). Geometriformes (Fortzetzung). - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 10: 121-184. (In Bulgarian). BURESCH I., TULESCHKOW K. 1943. Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in Bulgarien. V. Nolidae-Hepialidae. - Mitt. Kgl. naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 16: 79-188. (In Bulgarian). COUTSIS J. G., GHAVALÁS N. 2001. The Skippers and Butterflies of the Greek part of the Rodópi massif (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea). – Phegea, 29 (4): 143-158. GOATER, B., L. RONKAY & M. FIBIGER. 2003. Catocalinae & Plusiinae. – In: Noctuidae Europeae. Volume 10. Entomological Press, Sorø, 452 pp. FIBIGER M. 1990. Noctuinae I. – In: Noctuidae Europeae. Volume 1. Entomological Press, Sorø, 208 pp. FIBIGER M. 1993. Noctuinae II. – In: Noctuidae Europeae. Volume 2. Entomological Press, Sorø, 230 pp. FIBIGER M. 1997. Noctuinae III. – In: Noctuidae Europeae. Volume 3. Entomological Press, Sorø, 418 pp. FIBIGER M., HACKER H., MOBERG A. 1996. Notes on the Orthosia rorida (Frivaldsky, 1835) species group, with the description of a new species from Crete: Orthosia sellingi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae). – Nota lepid., 18 (3-4): 203-212. HACKER H. 1985. Haemerosia vassilininei Bang-Haas, 1912, eine neue Art für die Fauna Europas (Lep., Noctuidae). – Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 15: 68. HACKER H. 1989. Die Noctuidae Griechendlands. Mit einer Übersicht über die Fauna des Balkanraumes (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). - Herbipoliana, 2. Eitschberger, Markleuthen, 589 + XII pp. HACKER H. 1992. Revision der Gattung Hadena SCHRANK, 1802 (Lepidoptera) Teil I. – Esperiana, 3: 243361, Taf. J-O. HACKER H. 1996. Revision der Gattung Hadena SCHRANK, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). – Esperiana, 5: 7696 + Taf. A-Y. HACKER H. 2001. Fauna of the Nolidae and Noctuidae of the Levante with descriptions and taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea). Apendix: Revision Genus Clytie Hübner, [1823] (with 130 figures and 25 colour plates) – Esperiana, 8: 7-398. HACKER H., MOBERG A. 1989. Zwei neue Agrochola Hübner [1821]-Arten (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Cuculliinae) aus der Türkey und aus Griechenland. - Nota lepid., 12 (2): 121-132. HACKER H., RONKAY L., HREBLAY M. 2002. Hadeninae I. – In: Noctuidae Europaeae. Volume 4. Entomological Press, Sorø, 419 pp. KARSHOLT O., RAZOWSKY J. 1996: The Lepidoptera of Europe. Appolo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp. KOBES L. W., FIBIGER M. 2003. A new species of the genus Griposia TAMS, 1939 from the Ponto-Mediterranean areas (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Hadeninae) – Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N.F.24(4): 211-214. MARKOWITSCH A. 1923. Les papillons des Rhodopes. – Trav. Soc. Bulg. Sci. Natur., 10: 121-141. (In Bulgarian). NOWACKI J. 1998. The Noctuids (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of Central Europe. – Slamka Publisher, Bratislava, 51 pp. RAKOSY L. 1996: Die Noctuidae Rumäniens (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Gutenberg, Linz – Dornach, 648 pp. RONKAY L., YELA J., HREBLAY M. 2001. Hadeninae II. – In: Noctuidae Europeae. Volume 5. Entomological Press, Sorø, 452 pp.
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TOLMAN T. 2003. Greece. – In: van Swaay C., Warren M. (eds). Prime Butterfly Areas in Europe: Prioriry sites for conservation. National Reference Centre for Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, The Netherlands, 278-288. WEGNER H. 2002. Herbst- und Frühjahrsbeobachtungen zur Noctuidae-Fauna in Nord-Griechenland (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). – Esperiana, 9: 7-20. WILLEMSE L. 1981. More about the distribution of Rhopalocera in Greece (Lepidoptera). – Entomologische Berichten, 41: 41-47.
Authors’ addresses: Stoyan Beshkov National Museum of Natural History Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd.1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Hartmut Wegner Hasenheide 5 D-21365 Adendorf, Germany E-mail:
[email protected]
Дневните и нощните люспестокрили насекоми (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Macrolepidoptera) от гръцката част на Източните Родопи Стоян БЕШКОВ, Хартмут ВЕГНЕР (Р е з ю м е) В настоящата работа се съобщават фаунистични данни (оригинални и от литературни източници) за 364 вида люспестокрили насекоми от групата Macrolepidoptera от гръцката част от Източните Родопи, чиято пеперудна фауна като цяло е недостатъчно проучена. Повече данни има от дяловете Овчарица и Пеперуда и от околноститe на Александрополис, като най-добре е проучена есенната фауна. Оригиналните данни на двамата автори са от есента, като пеперудите са ловени на хранителни примамки предимно от вино и захар, на живачни лампи и на автоматична светлинна ловилка. Част от данните на Вегнер са вече публикувани (WEGNER, 2002). Останалите данни на Вегнер са от края на октомвриначалото на ноември 2002. Находището, дадено като Кирки без цитирана литература след него, включва 7 находища в радиус от 5 километра и с надморска височина 300-400 m; Находището, дадено като Есими (без цитирана литература след него) включва 3 находища в радиус от 5 километра и с надморска височина 500-600 m. Данните на Бешков са от втората половина на септември и са предимно от резервата Дадя и от околностите на Мароня. Два вида се съобщават от две различни пещери. Един от видовете (Alucita huеbneri Wallengren, 1859) е включен в настоящата работа, въпреки че е от групата Microlepidoptera. Общо от българската и от гръцката части на Източните Родопи по оригинални и по литературни данни се съобщават 1186 вида пеперуди. От тях 918 вида са от групата Macrolepidoptera. 43 вида от групата Macrolepidoptera се срещат само в гръцката част на планината. 554 вида Macrolepidoptera са намерени само в българската част на планината. Броят на общите видове Macrolepidoptera за българската и гръцката части на района е 321. Общо броят на видовете пеперуди (Macrolepidoptera и Microlepidoptera) установени само в българската част на Източните Родопи е 1143. Тази цифра обаче не е достатъчно информативна, защото в настоящата публикация са включени само видове от групата Macrolepidoptera. Литературните източници за района в по-голямата си част са на български език и са публикувани в български издания. Данните, публикувани в тях са резултат от българските ентомологични експедиции в района по времето, когато той е бил част от България.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
A preliminary survey of leafmining moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes
Jaroslaw BUSZKO & Stoyan BESHKOV
Buszko, J., Beshkov, S. 2004. A preliminary survey of leafmining moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera) of the Bulgarian part of Eastern Rhodopes - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 723-733. Abstract. This article deals only with the families of leafmining moths, which are not included in the previous articles, published in this volume. During a short collecting trip to Eastern Rhodopes undertaken on 16-19.10.2004 there were collected about 500 specimens of mines and larvaes in mines or vacated mines indicating species living in them. 78 species were identified. There were 24 species new to the Bulgarian fauna. For all collected spesies here are reported their hostplants and collecting localities. Here are included as well all the data from the faunistic literature quoted below for the region. With this article the number of the Lepidoptera species for the bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes increased to 1143, of which 268 Microlepidoptera and 875 Macrolepidoptera, collected in 129 localities. The overall number of the Lepidoptera species from the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes is 1186 species, 918 of which are Macrolepidoptera. In this article data for 89 species from 9 families are presented. Key words: Lepidoptera, Microlepidoptera, leafmining moths, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, distribution, hostplants
Introduction This article deals only with the leafmining moths, which are not included in the faunistic list of the previous articles, published in this volume. Data for 89 species from 9 families are presented here. Microlepidoptera of the Bulgarian part Eastern Rohodopes were poorly investigated, especially it concerns so-called leafmining moths. Some families of Microlepidoptera are easy to collect and idemtify after their feeding traces called mines. There were only few records known from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani and Momchilgrad (BEIGER, 1979) and from Chorbadjiysko Village, Ivaylovgrad and Krumovgrad (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975). During a short collecting trip to Eastern Rhodopes undertaken on 1619.10.2004 there were collected about 500 specimens of mines and larvaes in mines or vacated mines indicating species living in them. Single species in number was collected at
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light. For all species the hostplants and the localities it was established are included in the text. 78 leafmining moths species were identified. There were 24 species new to the Bulgarian fauna, pointed in the text. The locality, given below as Madjarovo comprises several localities in a 4-km radius, situated at an altitude of 140-350 m. All collected malerials are in the collection of the senior author. Here are quoted all the data for the Eastern Rhodopes from the articles of BEIGER (1979, 1980), omited in the previous article (BESHKOV, LANGOUROV, in this volume). With this article the number of the Lepidoptera species for the bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes increased to 1143, of which 268 Microlepidoptera and 875 Macrolepidoptera, collected in 128 localities. The overall number of the Lepidoptera species from the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the Eastern Rhodopes is 1186 species, 918 of which are Macrolepidoptera. In this article data for 89 species from 9 families are presented.
Review of the species
NEPTICULIDAE Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger, 1871) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Pistacia terebinthus L. Stigmella paliurella (Klimesch, 1940) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines on Paliurus spina-christi Mill. For the Eastern Rhodopes this species is reported as Nepticula paliurella (Geras.) from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, mines on Paliurus aculeatus Lam. (BEIGER, 1979: 495). The report of BEIGER (1980: 498) for the Eastern Rhodopes without locality is based on the record quoted above. Stigmella alnetella (Stainton, 1856) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted and vacated mines on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, vacated mines on Corylus avellana L. Stigmella prunetorum (Stainton, 1855) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines on Prunus spinosa L. Stigmella anomalella (Goeze, 1783) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, mines on Rosa canina L. (BEIGER, 1979: 494). This report is doubtful and may concerns Stigmella centifoliella (Zeller, 1848). Stigmella centifoliella (Zeller, 1848) The report of BEIGER (1979: 494) for Nepticula anomalella (Goeze, 1783) from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, mines on Rosa canina L. should concerns Stigmella centifoliella.
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Stigmella viscerella (Stainton, 1853) Madjarovo, 19.10.2004; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, vacated mines on Ulmus minor Mill. Stigmella paradoxa (Frey, 1858) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Crataegus pentagyna Willd. For the Eastern Rhodopes yhis species is reported as Nepticula nitidella Hein. from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 02.7.1977, on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (BEIGER, 1979: 495). Stigmella desperatella (Frey, 1858) =pyricola Wocke, 1877 Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Malus domestica Borkh. Known from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, on Pirus communis (BEIGER, 1979: 496). Stigmella hybnerella (Hübner, 1813) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Crataegus pentagyna Willd. For Eastern Rhodopes reported from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, mines on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (BEIGER, 1979: 495). Stigmella f loslactella (Haworth, 1828) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Corylus avellana L. and C. colurna L. Stigmella johanssonella (Laštuvka & Laštuvka) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Stigmella salicis (Stainton, 1854) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Salix caprea L. Stigmella trimaculella (Haworth, 1828) Momchilgrad, 01.7.1977, on Populus nigra L. (BEIGER, 1979: 497). Stigmella assimilella (Zeller, 1848) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Populus tremula L. Stigmella plagicolella (Stainton, 1854) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines on Prunus spinosa L. For the Eastern Rhodopes this species is reported from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 496). Stigmella lemniscella (Zeller, 1839) =Nepticula marginicolella Stainton, 1853 [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, June, 1977, mines on Ulmus campestris L. (BEIGER, 1979: 495). Stigmella aurella (Fabricius, 1775) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, June, 1976, mines on Fragaria vesca L. and Rubus idaeus L. (BEIGER, 1979: 494). This report is doubtful and may concerns several other species.
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Stigmella perpygmaeella (Doubleday, 1859) =pygmaeella Haworth, 1828, nec [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (BEIGER, 1979: 496). Stigmella hemargyrella (Kollar, 1832) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Fagus sylvatica L. Stigmella speciosa (Frey, 1857) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated and tenanted mines on Acer monspessulanum L. Stigmella ruficapitella (Haworth, 1828) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, on Q. sessilis Ehrh. (BEIGER, 1979: 497). Stigmella samiatella (Zeller, 1839) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 03.7.1977, on Quercus pubescens Willd and Quercis sp. (BEIGER, 1979: 497). Trifurcula eurema (Tutt, 1899) Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Ectoedemia argyropeza (Zeller, 1839) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Populus tremula L. Ectoedemia agrimoniae (Frey, 1858) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Agrimonia eupatoria L. Ectoedemia angulifasciella (Stainton, 1849) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, vacated mines on Rosa sp. New to the Bulgarian fauna. HELIOZELIDAE Antispila treitschkiella (Fischer v. Röslerstamm, 1843) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Cornus mas L. In the Eastern Rhodopes known from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani on Cornus mas L. (BEIGER, 1979: 505). TISCHERIIDAE Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Quercus frainetto Ten. Known from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, June 1977, on Quercus robur L., Q. sessilis Ehrh. and Q. cerris L. (BEIGER, 1979: 499).
Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera
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Emmetia gaunacella (Duponchel, 1843) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Prunus spinosa L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. BUCCULATRICIDAE Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller, 1848 Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, larva on Quercus pubescens Willd. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Bucculatrix ulmifoliae M. Hering, 1931 Madjarovo, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Ulmus minor Mill. Bucculatrix cidarella (Zeller, 1839) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, larva on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. New to the Bulgarian fauna. GRACILLARIIDAE Parectopa ononidis (Zeller, 1839) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Trifolium medium L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Robinia pseudoacacia L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Micrurapteryx kollariella (Zeller, 1839) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link Caloptilia populetorum (Zeller, 1839) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, vacated larval shelters on Betula pendula Roth. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Caloptilia fribergensis (Fritzsche, 1871) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on Acer monspessulanum L.; Above the bridge on Arda River near Madjarovo, 19.10.2004, 35 ex. collected at light. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Caloptilia fidella (Reutti, 1853) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, larvae on Humulus lupulus L. (e.l. 28.10.2004, 1 ex.). New to the Bulgarian fauna. Caloptilia alchimiella (Scopoli, 1763) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, larva on Quercus polycarpa Schur. In Eastern Rhodopes known from Chorbadjiysko Village and Ivaylovgrad (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975). Caloptilia stigmatella (Fabricius, 1781) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on Salix purpurea L. New to the Bulgarian fauna.
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Caloptilia falconipennella (Hübner, 1813) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, larval shelters and pupal cocoons on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Aspilapteryx limosella (Duponchel, 1844) Madjarovo 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Teucrium chamaedrys L. In Eastern Rhodopes known from Krumovgrad, 3.6.1967 (TULESCHKOV & SLIVOV, 1975: 163). Euspilapteryx auroguttella Stephens, 1835 Madjarovo, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines and larval shelters on Hypericum perforatum L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Calybites phasianipennella (Hübner, 1813) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on Polygonum hydropiper L. Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Echium vulgare L. (e.l. 26.10.–03.XI.2004, 19 ex.); Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on E. vulgare L. (e.l. 24 and 30.X.2004, 2 ex.). New to the Bulgarian fauna. Cupedia cupediella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Pistacia terebinthus L. Callisto denticulella (Thunberg, 1794) Momchilgrad, 01.7.1977, mines on Malus silvestris L. (Mill.) (BEIGER, 1979: 501). Parornix carpinella (Frey, 1863) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on Carpinus orientalis Mill., tenanted larval shelters on C. betulus L.; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on C. orientalis Mill. Parornix anglicella (Stainton, 1850) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines and larval shelters on Crataegus pentagyna Willd. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Parornix devoniella (Stainton, 1850) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted larval shelters on Corylus avellana L.; Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted larval shelters on C. avellana L.; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted larval shelters on C. avellana L. and C. colurna L.; Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted larval shelters on C. avellana L. Parornix betulae (Stainton, 1854) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, mines and tenanted larval shelters on Betula pendula Roth. New to the Bulgarian fauna.
Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera
729
Parornix torquillella (Zeller, 1850) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines and larval shelters on Prunus spinosa L. Parornix anguliferella (Zeller, 1847) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted larval shelters on Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill.; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, vacated nines and larval shelters on P. amygdaliformis Vill. Phyllonorycter roboris (Zeller, 1839) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Quercus polycarpa Schur, Q. frainetto Ten.; Dolni Glavanak Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Q. frainetto Ten.; Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Phyllonorycter tenerella (Joannis, 1915) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Carpinus betulus L. Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger, 1870) Madjari Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Platanus orientalis L. Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae (Frey, 1856) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Crategus pentagyna Willd. Phyllonorycter cydoniella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Cydonia oblonga Mill. Phyllonorycter spinicolella (Zeller, 1846) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Prunus spinosa L. and P. avium L.; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, vacated mines on Prunus mahaleb L.; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, e.l. 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on P. spinosa L.; Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Prunus avium L. Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner, 1796) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Sorbus aucuparia L. and S. torminalis (L.) Crantz; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Malus domestica Borkh.; Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill. Phyllonorycter salictella (Zeller, 1846) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Salix alba L. Phyllonorycter maestingella (Müller, 1764) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Fagus sylvatica L.
730
J. BUSZKO & S. BESHKOV Phyllonorycter coryli (Nicelli, 1851) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Corylus avellana L. Phyllonorycter esperella (Goeze, 1783) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Carpinus betulus L. Phyllonorycter rajella (Linnaeus, 1758) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Phyllonorycter nigrescentella (Logan, 1851) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Lathyrus sp. New to the Bulgarian fauna.
Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimov, 1930) Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Medicago lupulina L. (e.l. 24.10.–07.11.2004, 6 ex.), Ononis spinosa L. and Melilotus sp.; Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Melilotus sp. Records for Bulgaria are given by BEIGER (1979) under the name of Phyllonorycter insignitella (Zell.). Undoubtedly host plant relations including Medicago L. and Melilotus Hill. concern Ph. medicaginella Gerasimov. Phyllonorycter sublautella (Stainton, 1869) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on seedlings of Quercus cerris L. (e.l. 30.10.2004, 4 ex.). New to the Bulgarian fauna. Phyllonorycter schreberella (Fabricius, 1781) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Ulmus minor Mill. Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (Hübner, 1817) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Betula pendula Roth. Phyllonorycter stettinensis (Nicelli, 1852) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Phyllonorycter froelichiella (Zeller, 1839) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Phyllonorycter kleemannella (Fabricius, 1781) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004; Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Zeller, 1839) Perperikon above Gorna Krepost Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on Acer campestre L.
Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera
731
Phyllonorycter platanoidella (Joannis, 1920) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, tenanted mines on A. platanoides L. Phyllonorycter sagitella (Bjerkander, 1790) Near Komuniga Village, 19.10.2004, vacated mines on Populus tremula L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Phyllonorycter pastorella (Zeller, 1846) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Salix alba L. (e.l. 28.10.2004, 1 ex.) Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimiæ, 1986 Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Aesculus hippocastanum L. Phyllocnistis saligna (Zeller, 1839) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, vacated mines on Salix purpurea L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Phyllocnistis valentinensis (M. Hering, 1936) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Salix alba L. and S. triandra L. (e.l. 2531.10.2004, 6 ex.). Mentioned by BEIGER (1979) from Plovdiv on the basis of mines found on in early June on Populus nigra L., what is evidently confusing. It is possible error in listing the host plant or the mines of Phyllocnistis unipunctella Steph. were wrongly idntified. BEDELLIIDAE Bedelia somnulentella (Zeller, 1847) [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 02.7.1977, on Convolvulus arvensis L. (BEIGER, 1979: 497). LYONETIIDAE Leucoptera lotella (Stainton, 1859) Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, tenanted mines on Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Leucoptera lustratella (Herich-Schäffer, 1855) Madjarovo, 17.10.2004, tenanted mines on Hypericum perforatum L. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Lyonetia clerkella (Linnaeus, 1758) Studen Kladenets Village, 18.10.2004, vacated mines on Malus domestica Borkh. ELACHISTIDAE Stephensia brunnichella (Linnaeus, 1767) Madjarovo, 18.10.2004, vacated mines and pupal exuvia on leaves of Clinopodium vulgare L. In the Eastern Rhodopes known from [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 02.7.1977 (BEIGER, 1979: 504).
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COLEOPHORIDAE Coleophora bilineatella Zeller, 1849 Above Dishlik-Dere Valley, between Dolno Cherkovishte and Oreshari villages, 18.10.2004, larval cases on Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. New to the Bulgarian fauna. Coleophora follicularis (Vallot, 1802) =inulifoliae Benander, 1936 [Haskovski] Mineralni Bani, 02.7.1977, mina with larva on Inula oculis-christi L. (BEIGER, 1979: 504).
References BEIGER, M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria. - Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 49: 485-534 [in Polish]. BEIGER, M. 1980. Mining insects of Bulgaria: previously unrecorded or rare species. - Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 50: 497-504 [in Polish]. KARSHOLT, O, J. RAZOWSKI [eds.]. 1996. The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp. TULESCHKOV K., SLIVOV A. 1975. Schmetterlinge (Microlepidoptera) aus den Rhodopen. - In: La Faune des Rhodopes, Matériaux. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 161-182. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.).
Authors’ addresses: Jaroslaw Buszko Copernicus University, Institue of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruñ, Poland E-mail:
[email protected] Stoyan Beshkov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Миниращи молци (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera) от българската част на Източните Родопи Ярослав БУШКО, Стоян БЕШКОВ (Р е з ю м е) Тази публикация е посветена изцяло на миниращите молци от българската част на Източните Родопи. Семействата миниращи молци, разглеждани тук, са само от групата Microlepidoptera и не са включени в другата публикация за района (BESHKOV, LANGOUROV, в този сборник). В настоящата работа се съобщават фаунистични данни за 89 вида миниращи молци от 9 семейства, от които вида 24 са нови за България. Оригиналните данни на авторите са от периода 1619.10.2004. През това време са събрани около 500 мини с ларви в тях и празни мини, доказващи
Insecta: Lepidoptera: Microlepidoptera
733
наличието на определени видове. По специфичните мини и по имагинирали екземпляри са определени 78 вида миниращи молци. За всеки вид са посочени находищата в Източните Родопи където е установен и растенията, които минира. В списъкът на видовете са включени и данни от фаунистичната литература за района, цитирана в литературния списък. Общо броят на видовете от гръцката и българската части на Източните Родопи е 1186, 918 от които са от групата Macrolepidoptera. С тази публикация пеперудите от българската част на Източните Родопи нарастват на 1143 вида, от които 268 са Microlepidoptera и 875 Macrolepidoptera, известни от 129 находища в района.
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Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae
735
Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Dimitar BECHEV
Bechev D. 2004. Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 735-739. Abstract. Data about 45 species of fungus gnats, newly recorded for the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes, are given. Pyratula oracula is newly recorded for the fauna of Bulgaria. Key words: Sciaroidea, fungus gnats, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
The Eastern Rhodopes have not been studied in terms of fungus gnats until now. Only Mycetophila caudata Staeger of all the 308 species known in Bulgaria (BECHEV, 2002; BECHEV, in press) was recorded from the investigated region (BECHEV, 2001: from Ardino). The presented work gives faunistic data about 45 species, collected by the author. One of them - Pyratula oracula - is herein newly recorded for the fauna of Bulgaria.
BOLITOPHILIDAE Bolitophila (Bolitophila) cinerea Meigen, 1818 Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Bolitophila (Cliopisa) pseudohybrida Landrock, 1912 Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. DIADOCIDIIDAE Diadocidia (Diadocidia) ferruginosa (Meigen, 1830) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. DITOMYIIDAE Ditomyia fasciata (Meigen, 1818) Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 1 †.
736
D. BECHEV KEROPLATIDAE Keroplatinae Pyratula oracula Chandler, 1994 Zlatograd, UTM: LF48, 25.09.1993, 2 ††.
Pyratula zonata (Zetterstedt, 1855) Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991; 1 †; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †; Popsko, UTM: MG00, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Macrocerinae Macrocera centralis Meigen, 1818 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 3 ††; Dabovets, UTM: MG11, 1 †. Macrocera fasciata Meigen, 1804 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †; Dabovets, UTM: MG11, 2 ††. Macrocera inversa Loew, 1869 Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Macrocera lutea Meigen, 1804 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Macrocera phalerata Meigen, 1818 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Macrocera stigmoides Edwards, 1925 Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 1 †; Plevun, UTM: MF19, 06.05.1999, 4 ††; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. MYCETOPHILIDAE Gnoristinae Boletina gripha Dziedzicki, 1885 Sindeltsi, UTM: LF89, 15.05.1991, 11 ††. Boletina nigricoxa Staeger, 1840 Sindeltsi, UTM: LF89, 15.05.1991, 3 ††. Boletina sciarina Staeger, 1840 Sindeltsi, UTM: LF89, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Synapha fasciata Meigen, 1818 Madjarovo, UTM: MG01, 20.05.2000, 1 †.
Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae
737
Leiinae Docosia gilvipes (Walker, 1856) Sindeltsi, UTM: LF89, 15.05.1991, 4 ††. Docosia moravica Landrock, 1916 Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Leia bimaculata (Meigen, 1804) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Leia cylindrica (Winnertz, 1863) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophilinae Exechiini Exechia bicincta (Staeger, 1840) Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 2 ††. Exechia exigua Lundström, 1909 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 2 ††. Exechia fusca (Meigen, 1804) Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 2 ††; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Exechia parva Lundström, 1909 Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Exechia separata Lundström, 1912 Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 3 ††. Exechia seriata (Meigen, 1830) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) crucigera (Lundstrцm, 1909) Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Rymosia affinis Winnertz, 1863 Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 2 ††; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Rymosia fasciata (Meigen, 1804) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 3 ††; Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 2 ††; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †.
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D. BECHEV Rymosia spinipes Winnertz, 1863 Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Tarnania dziedzickii (Edwards, 1941) Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818) Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 2 ††. Mycetophilini Dynatosoma fuscicorne (Meigen, 1818) Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 †. Dynatosoma majus Landrock, 1912 Ardino, UTM: LG40, 16.05.1991, 1 † and 2 &&. Mycetophila alea Laffoon, 1965 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila blanda Winnertz, 1863 Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 2 ††. Mycetophila czizeki Landrock, 1911 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †.
Mycetophila fungorum (De Geer, 1776) Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 2 ††; Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 1 †; Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 3 ††; Popsko, UTM: MG00, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila luctuosa Meigen, 1830 Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila marginata Winnertz, 1863 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila ocellus Walker, 1848 Popsko, UTM: MG00, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila ornata Stephens, 1829 Popsko, UTM: MG00, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Mycetophila spectabilis Winnertz, 1863 Kardjali, UTM: LG61, 14.05.1991, 1 †.
Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae
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MYCOMYINAE Neoempheria striata (Meigen, 1818) Ivaylovgrad, UTM: MF29, 15.05.1991, 1 †. Sciophilinae Neuratelia minor (Lundström, 1912) Chernoochene, UTM: LG62, 14.05.1991, 1 †. References BECHEV D. 2001. New species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea, excluding Sciaridae) to the fauna of Bulgaria. VIII. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 37 (6): 5-8. BECHEV D. 2002. Check list of the fungus gnats of the families Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae in Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematocera). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, 38 (6): 81-112. BECHEV D. In press. Corrections and additions to the check list of the fungus gnats in Bulgaria (Diptera: Sciaroidea). – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia. Author’s address: Dimitar Bechev Department of Zoology University of Plovdiv 24 Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Гъбни комари (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) от Източните Родопи (България) Димитър БЕЧЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Източните Родопи са неизследвани по отношение на гъбните комари. От известните досега за България 308 вида (BECHEV, 2002; BECHEV, in press) само Mycetophila caudata Staeger е съобщаван за този район (BECHEV, 2001: за Ардино). В настоящата работа се дават сведения за 45 вида, събирани от автора. Pyratula oracula е нов вид за фауната на България.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Diptera Brachycera recorded for the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Venelin BESCHOVSKI
Beschovski V. 2003. Diptera Brachycera recorded for the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 741-757. Abstract. A total of 103 Diptera Brachycera species belonging to 19 families are presented in this paper: Stratiomyiidae, Bombyliidae, Asilidae, Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Lonchopteridae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, Lauxaniidae, Chamaemyiidae, Sciomyzidae, Agromyzidae, Chloropidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ephydridae, Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Oestridae. This is about 1/3 of the families and only 5% of the species of the Diptera Brachycera group. A small number of species with Mediterranean range are established as rare species in this region: Dysmachus antipai, Tolmerus atripes, T. strymonicus, Lasiosina lindbergi (Steleocerus lindbergi) and Notiphila graecula can be considered as Balkan endemics at the present. These rare species established here confirm the significance of the Rhodopes and its Eastern part in particular for the conservation of the species diversity in Europe. Key words: Diptera Brachycera, distribution, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction Looking over the publications on Diptera, it is evident that the region of Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes is poorly investigated from a faunistic point of view. The list below includes 19 Diptera Brachycera families. Most of them are represented by a small number of species.
Material and methods The species included are compiled from all publications concerning Bulgarian Dipterous fauna, known to me. Only species recorded in the region of the Eastern Rhodopes are included here. The systematic list of Diptera Brachycera families is given according to NARTSHUK (1999). The systematics of the Ephydridae subfamilies is given by ZATWARNICKI (1992). For each species the following information is given: - the valid name, according to SOOS (1984-1993); - the name cited in the publication, if it differs from the valid name; all bibliographic data, localities and months, if the latter is given in the original publication;
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- the geographical distribution of the species, having in mind that the information about species diversity for this region is very poor. The geographical distribution is given according to SOOS (1984-1993) for many families, BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI (2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2002) and MATHIS & ZATWARNICKI (1995) for Ephydridae and BEIGER (1979) for Agromyzidae.
Systematic list BRACHYCERA ORTHORRHAPHA STRATIOMYOIDEA Stratiomyiidae Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli, 1763) Kardjali, May-July (BANKOWSKA, 1967: 307). Geographical distribution: East and South Eest Europe; Asia - Transcaucasus, Siberia, Turkey; North Africa - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia.
ASILOIDEA Bombyliidae Amictus validus Loew, 1869 Amictus validus Lw.: Haskovo, July, August (NEDELKOV, 1912: 193). Geographical distribution: Central and East Europe; Asia - Turkey, Israel, Afghanistan, Iran; North Africa - Algeria, Egypt. Spogostylum aethiops (Fabricius, 1781) Argyramoeba aethiops Fabricius: Haskovo, July, August (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Geographical distribution: East Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Middle Asia, Israel, Iran; North Africa - Morocco, Libya, Egypt. Anthrax trifasciatus Meigen, 1804 Argyramoeba trifasciata Meig: Haskovo, July, August (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Geographical distribution: Central and East Europe; Asia - Transcaucasus, Central Asia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran; North Africa - Algeria. Morocco. Bombylius medius Linnaeus, 1758 Bombylius medius L.: Haskovo, May-July (NEDELKOV, 1912: 193). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel, Iraq; North Africa - Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt. Exoprosopa minos (Meigen, 1804) Exoprosopa minos Meig.: Haskovo, May-August (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Middle Asia, Israel, Syria, Turkey, Iran; North Africa - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.
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Spongostylum isis (Meigen, 1820) Argyramoeba isis Meigen: Haskovo, June, July (NEDELKOV, 1912: 192). Geographical distribution: Europe - Italy, Balkan Peninsula; Transcaucasus; Asia Middle Asia, Israel, Syria, Turkey; North Africa - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.
ASILIDAE Stenopogon sabaudus (Fabricius, 1794) Stenopogon sabaudus Fabricius: Plevun Village, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 198). Geographical distribution: South and East Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Turkey, Iran. Antiphrison trifarius (Loew, 1849) Antiphrison trifarius Loew: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 199). Geographical distribution: West Europe; Caucasus; Asia - Mongolia, Middle Asia, Asia Minor; North Africa - Tunisia, Egypt. Antipalpus sinuatus (Loew, 1854) Antipalpus sinuatus Loew: Near Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 202) Geographical distribution: Europe - Austria, Poland, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria – this is the southernmost point of distribution. Choerades marginata (Linnaeus, 1878) Choerades (Laphria) marginata L.: Near Ivaylovgrad, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 199). Geographical distribution: Europe and Caucasus; Asia - Asia Minor. Dysmachus antipai Weinberg, 1968 Dysmachus antipai Weinberg. Near Ivaylovgrad, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201). Geographical distribution: Europe - rare species, known from Romania and Bulgaria only. Dysmachus cochleatus (Loew, 1854) Dysmachus cochleatus Loew: Near Ivaylovgrad, July (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201). Geographical distribution: Central and South East Europe; Asia - West Siberia; North Africa - ? Morocco. Dysmachus fuscipennis (Meigen, 1820) Dysmachus fuscipennis Meigen: Near Ivaylovgrad, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201). Geographical distribution: Central and South East Europe; Asia - Azerbaijan. Dysmachus picipes (Meigen, 1820) Dysmachus picipes Meigen: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, June-August (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201). Geographical distribution: Central and East Europe; Armenia; Asia - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, West Siberia.
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V. BESCHOVSKI Dysmachus praemorsus (Loew, 1854) Dysmachus praemorsus Loew: Ivaylovgrad, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 202). Geographical distribution: Central and East Europe. Dysmachus stylifer (Loew, 1854) Dysmachus stylifer Loew: Ivaylovgrad, Haskovo, June, July (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201) Geographical distribution: Central and South East Europe; Transcaucasus.
Echthistus cognatus (Loew, 1849) Echthistus cognatus Loew: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, 230 m, July (JELJASOWA, 1975: 199). Geographical distribution: South and South East Europe; Asia - Turkey. Echthistus rufinervis (Meigen, 1820) Echthistus rufinervis Meigen: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, 230 m, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 199). Geographical distribution: Central and South East Europe; Asia - West Siberia, Kazakhstan, Israel, Turkey. Machimus (Machimus) annulipes (Brullé, 1832) Machimus annulipes Brulle: Near Haskovo, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 200). Geographical distribution: South East Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Turkey, Israel. Machimus (Machimus) gonatistes (Zeller, 1840) Machimus gonatistes Zeller: Near Haskovo, June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 200). Geographical distribution: Central, South and South East Europe; Asia - West Siberia, Kazakhstan; North Africa - Morocco, Tunisia. Machimus(Machimus) rusticus (Meigen, 1820). Machimus rusticus Meigen: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, 230 m., June (JELJASOWA, 1975: 200). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan. Neomochtherus granitis Tsacas, 1963 Ivaylovgrad, July (JELJASOWA, 1975: 202-203). The species was described after a female from Greek Macedonia. Geographical distribution: Greece, Bulgaria: Balkan Endemic? Philonicus albiceps (Meigen, 1820) Philonicus albiceps Meigen: Mandritsa Village, Kardjali District, 230 m., July (JELJASOWA, 1975: 200) Geographical distribution: South East Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Siberia, Russian Far East; Turkey, Iran, Mongolia.
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Tolmerus atripes Loew, 1871 Machimus atripes Loew: Near Ivaylovgrad; Sarnitsa Village, Kardjali District, July (JELJASOWA, 1975, 200). Geographical distribution: Europe - Spain, Bulgaria. Tolmerus strymonicus (Tsacas, 1960) Ivaylovgrad, July, August (JELJASOWA, 1975: 201). Geographical distribution: Europe - Greece and Bulgaria.
EMPIDOIDEA Empididae Rhamphomyia (Rhamphomyia) laevipes (Fallén, 1816) Popsko Village, Krumovgrad District, April (DZHAMBAZOV & BESCHOVSKI, 2000: 6). Geographical distribution: Europe - from Great Britain throughout East Europe to Bulgaria. Hilara mediteriformis Collin, 1961 Oreshak Village, Kardjali District, May (BESCHOVSKI & DZHAMBAZOV, 1998: 58). Geographical distribution: Europe - Great Britain, ex Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria. Empis (Leptempis) variegata Meigen, 1804 Kamilski Dol Village, Ivaylovgrad District, June (BESCHOVSKI & DZHAMBAZOV, 1998: 59). Geographical distribution: Europe - Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Ex Czechoslovakia, Austria, Central European part of Russia. Dolichopodidae Dolichopus (Macrodolichopus) diadema Haliday, 1832 Macrodolichopus diadema Haliday: Janina Village, Zlatograd District, May-September (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 220-221) Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Kazakhstan, China. Chrysotus pulchellus Kowarz, 1874 Kobilina Cheshma Village, Ivaylovgrad District, June (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 222). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Kirghizstan, Mongolia, China. Chrysotus suavis Loew, 1857 Chrysotus suavis Linnaeus: Podkova Village, Varbitsa River, Momchilgrad District, June (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 222). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Mongolia; North Africa Canary Islands, Egypt.
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Sympycnus pulicarius (Fallén, 1823) Sympycnus annulipes (Meigen, 1824): Kobilina Cheshma Village, Ivaylovgrad District, June (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 222). Geographical distribution: Europe.
BRACHYCERA CYCLORRHAPHA LONCHOPTEROIDEA Lonchopteridae Lonchoptera bifurcata (Fallén, 1810) Chiflik Village, Boyuk-Dere Valley, Krumovgrad District. On the banks of Arda River, grass, sand (BESCHOVSKI & GEORGIEVA, 2000: 42). Geographical distribution: Europe, Açores, Madeira; Transcaucasus; Asia - Turkey, Israel, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Japan, North Africa - Canary Islands, Morocco, Tunisia; North and South America; Hawaii, New Zealand.
SYRPHOIDEA SYRPHIDAE Cheilosia antiqua (Meigen, 1822) Chilosia antiqua Meigen, 1822: Haskovo (Drenski, 1934: 112). Geographical distribution: Europe. Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) Haskovo (DRENSKI, 1934: 116). Madan, April-October (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 363). Geographical distribution: Europe, Madeira; Asia - Mongolia, Afghanistan, Iran, Japan; North Africa - Canary Islands, Morocco; Nearctic Region. Syritta pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) Madan, Kardjali, May-August (BANKOVSKA, 1967: 353). Geographical distribution: Europe, Madeira; Asia - Mongolia, Turkey, China, Afghanistan, Iran; North Africa - Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria; Nearctic and Oriental Region. Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus, 1758) Belite Brezi Village, Ardino District, August, October (BANKOWSKA, 1967: 357). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Transcaucasus; Central Asia, Siberia, Far East, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Japan; Nearctic Region.
SCHIZOPHORA ACALYPTRATAE TEPHRITOIDEA T e p h r i t i d a e (T r y p e t i d a e) Urophora carduis (Linnaeus,1758) Euribia carduis Linnaeus,1758: Harmanli, on Cirsium, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 82). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Syria.
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Urophora macrura (Loew, 1855) Euribia macrura Loew, 1855: Harmanli, on Centaurea, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 84-85). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Turkey, Israel; North Africa - Egypt. Urophora solsctitialis (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurebia solsctitialis (L., 1758): Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 82-83). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Iran; ?North Africa. Orellia tussilaginis (Fabricius, 1775) Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 106-107). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Siberia. Paroxyna absinthii (Fabricius, 1805) Paroxyna absinthii Fabricius: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 109). Geographical distribution: Europe, Canary Islands; Asia - Siberia, Israel, Iran, China; North Africa. Tephritis bardanae (Schrank, 1803) Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 114). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan. Tephritis formosa (Loew, 1844) Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 114-115) Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Israel, Iran. Tephritis matricariae (Loew, 1844) Tephritis matrichariae Loew: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 117). Geographical distribution: Southern Europe; Asia - Turkey; North Africa - Egypt. Tephritis nigricauda (Loew, 1856) Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 118) Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Far East, Syria, Afghanistan; North Africa. Tephritis pulchra Loew, 1844 Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1943: 115-116). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Turkey; North Africa.
LAUXANOIDEA Lauxaniidae Mynetia lupulina (Fabricius, 1787) Svilengrad, May, September (LAVCHIEV, 1965: 120) Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus. Asia - Kazakhstan, Nearctic Region.
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Chamaemyidae Chamaemyia polystigma (Meigen, 1830) Gugutka Village, Ivaylovgrad District, May-September (TANASIJTCHUK & BESCHOVSKI, 1991: 19). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Middle Asia; Siberia, Iran, Mongolia; North Africa - Algeria.
SCIOMYZOIDEA Sciomyzidae Coremacera catenata Loew, 1847 Haskovo, June, July (NEDELKOV, 1912) Geographical distribution: Central and East Europe; Asia - Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Iraq, Iran.
OPOMYZOIDEA Agromyzidae Calycomyza humeralis (von Rosser, 1840) Mineralni Bani; Momchilgrad - mines on Bellis perennis L., Erigeron canadensis L., July (BEIGER, 1979: 511). Geographical distribution: Cosmopolite Liriomyza amoena (Meigen, 1830) Mineralni Bani, on Sambucus nigra L., June (BEIGER, 1979: 513) Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Japan. Liriomyza sonchi Hendel, 1931 Mineralni bani, mines on Cichorium intybus L. and Sonchus oleraceus L., June (BEIGER, 1979: 515) Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Japan. Liriomyza soror Hendel, 1931 Mineralni Bani, mines on Cirsium arvense (L.), July (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Geographical distribution: Europe. Liriomyza strigata (Meigen, 1830) Mineralni Bani, mines in Arctium, Verbascum, Cirsium, Epatorium cannabinus L., Lamium album L., May (BEIGER, 1979: 516) Geographical distribution: Europe. Paraphytomyza luteoscutellata (de Meijere, 1924) Mineralni Bani, on Lonicera xylosteum L., Symphoricarpos albus (L.) (BEIGER, 1979: 516). Geographical distribution: Europe; North and South America.
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Phytomyza artemisivora Spencer, 1971 Mineralni Bani, May (BEIGER, 1979: 517). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Japan. Phytomyza tetrasticha Hendel, 1927 Mineralni Bani, on Mentha longifolia (L.) (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Geographical distribution: Europe Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872 Mineralni Bani, on Clematis vitalba L. (BEIGER, 1979: 525). Geographical distribution: Europe; [Africa, Australia].
CARNOIDEA Chloropidae Aphanotrigonum femorella Collin, 1946 Conioscinella cinctella Zetterstedt: Kobilina Cheshma Village, Ivaylovgrad District, May (BESCHOVSKI, [1973a], nec ZETTERSTEDT, 1848: BESCHOVSKI, 1968: 35). Geographical distribution: Europe. Lasiosina lindbergi (Duda, 1933) (Steleocerus lindbergi) Near Gugutka Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April, 1 †, 1 ‡ (BESCHOVSKI, 1983: 78–82, 1985: 204-206). Geographical distribution: Europe - Bulgaria; North Africa - Morocco. Bulgaria is the only locality in Europe.
SPHAEROCEROIDEA Sphaeroceridae Leptocera (Leptocera) nigra (Olivier, 1813) Paracollinella curvinervis Stenh.: Lyubimets Village, Harmanli District, May (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 223). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Middle Asia, Afghanistan, Nepal, Japan; North Africa - Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt; Canary Is; Afroropical and Oriental Region. Limosina mirabilis Collin, 1902 Limosina mirabilis Coll.: Lyubimets Village, Harmanli District, June (BESCHOVSKI, 1967: 224). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Iran, Mongolia, Nepal; Nearctic Region.
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EPHYDROIDEA Ephydridae Discomyzinae Psilopa nigritella Stenhammar, 1844 Zheleznitsa Village, Kardjali District (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2000: 21). Geographical distribution: Europe - West Europe, Finland, Czech Republic and Bulgaria. Psilopa nitidula (Fallén, 1813) Senoklas Village, Svirachi Village, Ostravets Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Kardjali (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2000: 21-23). Geographical distribution: In the whole Palearctic Region; Afrotropical Region. Psilopa obscuripes Loew, 1860 Zheleznitsa Village, Kardjali District; Senoklas Village, Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Boyuk-Dere Valley, Krumovgrad District; Madjarovo; Arda River, June-September (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2000: 23–24). Geographical distribution: West Palearctic: Canary Islands, Central and South Europe; Asia - Turkey. Psilopa polita (Macquart, 1835) Ardino, Chiflik Village, Strandjevo Village, Krumovgrad District; Chubritsa Village, Zheleznitsa Village, Kardjali District; Strazhitsa Village, Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April-October (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2000: 24–25). Geographical distribution: Palearctic: all over the region. Hydrelliinae Hydrellia griseola (Fallén, 1813) (=H. chrysostoma Mg.) Chiflik Village, Oreshak Village, Krumovgrad District; Madjarovo, Ostravets Village, Kardjali District; Lyubimets Village, Harmanli District, April-September (BESCHOVSKI, 1966: 274; BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001a: 8) Geographical distribution: Most of the zoogeographical regions south to Colombia, Queensland, Taiwan, Egypt and Morocco. Notiphila graecula Becker, 1926 Madjarovo, Arda River, September (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001a: 13). Geographical distribution: Europe - Greece and Bulgaria at present. Gymnomyzinae Athyroglossa (A.) glabra (Meigen, 1830) Boyuk-Dere Valley, Chiflik Village, Krumovgrad District; Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 4). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - Russian Far East. Nearctic: USA. Diclasiopa lacteipennis (Loew, 1862) Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 10).
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Geographical distribution: Holarctic and Afrotropical Regions. Palearctic: West Palearctic; Nearctic: Canada and USA; Afrotropical Region: Kenya, Sudan. Diclasiopa niveipennis Becker, 1896 Boyuk-Dere Valley, Krumovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 10). Geographical distribution: Europe - Spain, Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Armenia; Afrotropical Region: Kenya, Sudan. Discocerina obscurella (Fallén, 1813) Mandritsa Village, Svirachi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 11). Geographical distribution: Europe, including the Açores; North Africa - Canary Islands, Algeria, Morocco; Asia - Russian Far East, Turkey, Iran. Nearctic Region: Canada and USA. Afrotropical Region: Cabo Verde Islands, Kenya, Rodriguez Island, Congo (Zaire). Neotropical Region: from Mexico to Chile and Argentina. Ditrichophora fuscella (Stenhammar, 1844) Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 12). Geographical distribution: Europe, including Great Britain, Canary Islands; Asia Russian Far East. Hecamedoides glaucellus (Stenhammar, 1844) Boyuk-Dere Valley, Podkova Village, Momchilgrad District, April, May (BESCHOVSKI, 1966: 273; BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 13-14). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia; Asia Turkey, Uzbekistan. Afrotropical Region: Kenya, Sudan. Hecamedoides unispinosus (Collin, 1943) Boyuk-Dere Valley, Krumovgrad District; Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2002: 14). Geographical distribution: Europe - Great Britain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland. Ilytheinae Ilythea spilota (Curtis, 1882) Gorni Yurutsi Village, Ivaylovgrad District, June (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 20). Geographical distribution: Holarctic: Europe except Russia; Canada and U.S.A. Nostima picta Fallén, 1813 Ostravets Village, Kardjali District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 20). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa - Canary Island, Madeira; Asia Far East. Neotropic: Mexico.
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Philygria posticata (Meigen, 1830) Gugutka Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 21). Geographical distribution: Europe - Great Britain, Central and East Europe. Philygria stictica (Meigen, 1830) Zlatograd; Ostravets Village, Strandjevo Village, Oreshare Village, Kardjali District; Popsko Village, Krumovgrad District; Gugutka Village, Svirachi Village, Lyubimets Village, Kamilski Dol Village, Senoklas Village, Ivaylovgrad District; Madjarovo, April–September (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 21-22). Geographical distribution: Europe. In the Balkan Peninsula from Croatia and Bulgaria. Hyadina guttata (Fallén, 1813) Gugutka Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 23). Geographical distribution: Europe; Canary and Açores Islands; Asia - Russian Far East. Pelina similis Papp, 1974 Mandritsa Village, Ivaylovgrad District, April (BESCHOVSKI & ZATWARNICKI, 2001b: 24). Geographical distribution: Europe - Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine; Asia - Turkmenistan. Ephydrinae Parydra cognata Loew, 1860 Napaea cognata Loew: Lyubimets, Kardjali, Podkova Village, June (BESCHOVSKI, 1966: 276). Geographical distribution: Europe - Spain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, European part of Russia; North Africa - Algeria, Morocco; Afrotropical Region: Kenya.
SCHIZOPHORA CALYPTRATAE MUSCOIDEA Anthomyidae Heterostylodes pratensis (Meigen, 1826) Heterostylus pratensis Meigen: Ivaylovgrad, 450 m, human faeces and horse’s dung, August (LAVCHIEV, 1965: 123). Geographical distribution: Europe; Asia - China. Parapegomyia schineri (Schnabl in Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911) Pegomyza schineri Schabl: Podkova Railway Station, dunghill, human faeces, May (LAVCHIEV, 1965: 122). Geographical distribution: East Europe; Asia - China, Korea, Japan.
Diptera Brachycera
753
CALLIPHOROIDEA Calliphoridae Chrysomyia albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) Chrysomyia albiceps Wd.: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1958: 120). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Far East, Middle Asia; Israel, Afganistan, Arab countries; North Africa; Canary Island; Oriental, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. Pollenia rudis (Fabricius, 1794) Pollenia rudis Fabricius: Harmanli, April-May (DRENSKI, 1958: 118). Geographical distribution: Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions. Pollenia tenuiforceps Seguy, 1928, Pollenia tenuiforceps Segi: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1958: 119). Geographical distribution: Europe – ex-Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria; North Africa - Algeria (rare species). Pollenia vagabunda (Meigen, 1826) Pollenia vagabunda Meig.: Harmanli, May (DRENSKI, 1958: 119). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa - Algeria. Pollenia vespillo (Fabricius, 1786) Pollenia vespillo Fabricius: Haskovo, April-August (NEDELKOV, 1912: 208); Harmanli (DRENSKI, 1958: 118). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa - Morocco. Rhyncomyia cyanescens (Loew, 1844) Rhynchomyia cyanescens (Loew): Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1958: 116-117). Geographical distribution: Central and South Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Arabian region, Israel, Turkey. Sarcophagidae Bercaea cruentata (Meigen, 1826) Coprosarcophaga haemorrhoidalis Fall.: Harmanli, July-September (DRENSKI, 1957: 219–220). Geographical distribution: Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental Regions, Americas. Blaesoxipha (Blaesoxipha) campestris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) Blaesoxipha lineata Fall.: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1957: 296). Geographical distribution: Palearctic and Afrotropical regions. Blaesoxipha (Blaesoxipha) gladiatrix (Pandallé, 1896) Blaesoxipha laticornis Meigen: Blaseoxipha gladiatrix Pand. Harmanli, (DRENSKI, 1957: 207). Geographical distribution: Palearctic region.
754
V. BESCHOVSKI Parasarcophaga (Parasarcophaga) albiceps (Meigen, 1826) Parasarcophaga albiceps Meigen: Harmanli, June-September (DRENSKI, 1958\7: 213). Geographical distribution: Palearctic, Oriental and Australian Regions.
Parasarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) teretirostris (Pandellé, 1896) Parasarcophaga teretirostris Pand. (Erroneously Perasarcophaga): Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1957: 213). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa - Morocco. Parasarcophaga (Curranea) tibialis (Macquart, 1850) Parasarcophaga beckeri: Harmanli, May (DRENSKI, 1957: 217). Geographical distribution: Europe; North Africa; Afrotropical Region - Madagascar. Pierretia (Pierretia) rostrata (Pandallé, 1896) Thyrsocnema rostrata Pand.: Harmanli, June (DRENSKI, 1957: 211). Geographical distribution: Europe. Pterella melanura (Meigen, 1824) Belieria melanura Meigen: Harmanli, July-September (DRENSKI, 1957: 208–209). Europe; Asia - Armenia, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Siberia, Far East, Mongolia. Sarcophila latifrons (Fallén, 1817) Sarcophaga latifrons (Fallйn, 1817): Haskovo (NEDELKOV, 1912: 207). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Siberia. Thyrsocnema (Thyrsocnema) incisilobata (Pandelle, 1896) Thyrsocnema incisilobata Pand.: Harmanli, June, August (DRENSKI, 1957: 211). Geographical distribution: Europe; Transcaucasus; Asia - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, West Siberia; North Africa - Algeria.
OESTROIDEA Oestridae Oestrus ovis Linnaeus, 1758 Haskovo (DRENSKI, 1933: 140). Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Conclusion A total of 103 species from 19 Diptera Brachycera families is given in this paper: Stratiomyiidae Bombyliidae Asilidae
-
1 6 19
Diptera Brachycera Empididae Dolichopodidae Lonchopteridae Syrphidae Tephritidae Lauxaniidae Chamaemyiidae Sciomyzidae Agromyzidae Chloropidae Sphaeroceridae Ephydridae Anthomyiidae Calliphoridae Sarcophagidae Oestridae
-
755
3 4 1 4 10 1 1 1 9 2 2 20 2 6 10 1
This is about one third of the Brachycera families and 5 % of the Brachycera species only. Looking over the geographic distribution of the East Rhodopean species it can be seen that most of them are distributed in the European-Mediterranean or European-Central Asian regions and a smaller group is European-Palaeotropical or Holarctic or Holopalearctic. A considerable number of species are with Mediterranean distribution penetrating in the region of the Eastern Rhodopes. Only several species are of limited distribution in this part of the country or in the Mediterranean region: – Dysmachus antipai, known from Romania and Bulgaria only; – Tolmerus atripes, recorded from Spain and Bulgaria at present; – Tolmerus strymonicus - from Greece and Bulgaria; – Lasiosina lindbergi (Steleocerus lindbergi) from Morocco and Bulgaria; Bulgaria is the only locality in Europe at the time being; – Notiphila graecula, known at present from Greece and Bulgaria. – Tolmerus strymonicus and Notiphila graecula can be considered as Balkan endemic at present. The rare species established here confirm the significance of the Rhodopes and its eastern part in particular for the conservation of the species diversity in Europe.
References BANKOWSKA R. 1967. Matériaux pour l’étude des Syrphides (Diptera) de Bulgarie. – Fragm. Faun., 13 (21): 345-389. BEIGER M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria. – Polskie Pismo Ent., 49: 485-534. BESCHOVSKI V. 1966. Unbekannte Ephydridae (Dipt.) in der Fauna Bulgariens. – Zool. Anzeiger, 176: 270- 276. BESCHOVSKI V. 1967. Für die Fauna Bulgariens bislang unbekannte Dolichopodidae (Dipt.) – Zool. Anzeiger, 178 (3-4): 219-224.
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BESCHOVSKI V. 1968. Chloropidae (Diptera) unknown in the fauna of Bulgaria. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 26: 33-38. BESCHOVSKI V. 1983. On the systematic Status of Steleocerus lindbergi Duda, 1933 (Diptera, Chloropidae). Acta zool. Bulg., 21: 78-82. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). BESCHOVSKI V. 1985. Diptera, Chloropidae. - In: Fauna Bulgarica, Sofia, 14: 220 pp. (In Bulgarian). BESCHOVSKI V., DZHAMBAZOV B. 1998. New species from the family Empididae for the Bulgarian fauna (Diptera, Empidoidea, Empididae). - Acta Zool. Bulg., 50 (1): 57–59. BESCHOVSKI V., GEORGIEVA R. 2000. Contribution to the Study of the Bulgarian Lonchopteridae (Insecta: Diptera) with Data for Some Localities from Other Geographic Regions. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 52 (1): 41–44. BESCHOVSKI V., ZATWARNICKI T. 2000. Faunistic Review of the Subfamily Discomyzinae in Bulgaria (Diptera: Ephydridae) wih Some Data from Other Palearctic Countries. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 52 (1): 17–28. BESCHOVSKI V., ZATWARNICKI T. 2001a. Faunstic Review of the Subfamily Hydrelliinae in Bulgaria (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) with Some Data from Other European Countries. – Acta Zool. Bulg.,53 (3): 3–18. BESCHOVSKI V., ZATWARNICKI T. 2001b. Faunstic Review of the Subfamily Ilytheinae (Insecta:Diptera: Ephydridae) in Bulgaria with Some Data from Other European Countries. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 53 (3): 19-26. BESCHOVSKI V., ZATWARNICKI T. 2002. Faunstic Review of the Subfamily Gymnomyzinae (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) in Bulgaria with Some Data from Other European Countries. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 54 (1): 3-17. DRENSKI P. 1933. Die parasitären Fliegen der Familie Oestridae in Bulgarien. - Mitt. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, Bulgarien, 6: 125 –144. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DRENSKI P. 1934. Die Fliegen der Familie Syrphidae (Dipt.) in Bulgarien. – Mitt. Bulg. Ent. Ges. Sofia, 8:109134. (In Bulgarian). DRENSKI P. 1943. Die Fliegen der Familie Trypetidae (Dipt.) in Bulgarien. - Annuaire de l’Univ. de Sofia, Fac. Physico-math., Livre 3 (Sciences naturelles), 69–126. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DRENSKI P. 1957. Bestand und Verbreitung der grauen Fliegen aus der Familie Sarcophagidae in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 6: 199-231. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DRENSKI P. 1958. Bestand, Verbreitung und Bedeutung der Schmeissfliegen aus der Famile Calliphoridae in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 7: 115-131. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DZHAMBAZOV B., BESCHOVSKI V. 2000. New Records of Empidoidea Fauna from Bulgaria (Diptera: Atelestidae, Microphoridae, Hybotidae, Empididae). - Acta Zool. Bulg., 52 (1): 3–7. JELJASOWA M. 1975. Raubenfliegen (Diptera, Asilidae) aus den Rhodopen. – In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux. Edit. Acad. bulg. sci., Sofia, 197-204. (In Bulgarian, summ. German). LAVCHIEV V. 1965. Neue Kotfliegen aus der Bulgariens (Diptera - Brachycera). - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 19: 119-127. (In Bulgarian, summ.German). MATHIS W., ZATWARNICKI T. 1995. World Catalog of Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). – Mem. Ent., Intern. Assoc. Publ., Gainesville, 4: 423 pp. NARTSHUK E. 1999. 31. Ordnung Diptera: Introduction. – In: Lehr P. (ed.). Guide to Insects of the Russian Far East. VI. 1. Dalnauk., Vladivostok, 8-42. NEDEKOV N. 1912. The sixth contribution to the entomological fauna of Bulgaria - La Revue de l’Académie Bulgare des Sciences, 2: 177-218. (In Bulgarian). SOOS A. (ed.). 1984-1993. Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera. Tephritidae, Agromyzidae, 1984, 9: 460 pp.; Sphaeroceridae, 1984, 10: 402 pp.; Oestridae, 1986, 11: 346 pp.; Calliphoridae, 1986, 12: 265 pp.; Asilidae, 1988, 5: 446 pp.; Syrphidae, 1988, 8: 363 pp.; Anthomyidae, 1993, 13: 624 pp. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. TANASIJTCHUK V., BESCHOVSKI V. 1991. A contribution to the study of the Chamaemyia species (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae) from Bulgaria and some East European countries. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 41: 18-25. ZATWARNICKI T. 1992. A new classification of Ephydridae based on phylogenetic reconstruction (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). – Genus, 3 (2): 65-119.
Autor’s address: Venelin Beschovski Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Diptera Brachycera, съобщени за Източните Родопи (България) Венелин БЕШОВСКИ (Р е з ю м е) Съобщават се общо 103 късоантенни мухи, принадлежащи към 19 семейства: Stratiomyiidae, Bombyliidae, Asilidae, Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Lonchopteridae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, Lauxaniidae, Chamaemyiidae, Sciomyzidae, Agromyzidae, Chloropidae, Sphaeroceridae, Ephydridae, Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae и Oestridae. Това представлява приблизително една трета от семействата и 5% от видовете на късоантенните мухи. Малък брой видове с медитерански ареал са установени тук като редки: Dysmachus antipai, Tolmerus atripes, T. strymonicus, Lasiosina lindbergi (Steleocerus lindbergi), Notiphila graecula. Tolmerus strymonicus и Notiphila graecula могат да се приемат засега като балкански ендемити. Тези редки видове потвърждават значението на Родопите за съхраняване на видовото разнообразие в Европа.
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Diptera: Phoridae
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) with special consideration of winter-active species
Mario LANGOUROV
Langourov M. 2004. Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) with special consideration of winter-active species. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 759-768. Abstract. Thirty-two species of the family have been established on the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes. Nine species are new for the Balkan Peninsula and another four are new for Bulgaria. The genus Gymnophora was found for the first time in Bulgaria. On the basis of the results it can be concluded that this is a very small part of the scuttle flies of the mountain, which is characterized by a considerable diversity. The article contains data about the four species of the family (including the name of the author, who reported them and the respective localities), which have been reported for the mountain before the present investigation. A comparison has been made between the number of species (188), established on the Balkan Peninsula up to now, and the number in some countries whose fauna is well investigated, showing how inadequate the investigation of the peninsula is altogether. Key words: Diptera, Phoridae, new records, winter activity, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Balkan Peninsula
Introduction The article is the first systematic study of the scuttle flies from the Eastern Rhodopes. Before that only 4 species were known from the mountain (LANGOUROV, 2001).
Material and methods The material used for the present article was collected mainly in 2000 and 2001 using an entomological net, a Malaise trap and individual catching. Notice should be taken of the material collected by a Malaise trap in the winter months in the region of Madjarovo. This locality is characterized by submediterranean climate with vegetation of xerotermophilous woods and shrubs. During the winter months of 2000/2001 the average month rainfall was slightly under the norm, but the temperature 1°C above the norm.
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For each species the following information is given: UTM-square (all of them in zone 35T), altitude, locality, vegetation and date. The taxa new for Bulgaria are marked with one asterisk and for the Balkan Peninsula – with two asterisks. All materials are deposited in the author’s collection at the Institute of Zoology (Sofia).
Results PHORINAE Diplonevra funebris (Meigen, 1830) Material: MF19 - 410 m, near Plevun Village, xerothermic oak wood, Malaise trap (leg. A. Stojanova): 7-17.6.2001, 2 ††; 17.6.-1.7.2001, 3 ††; 13-22.7.2001, 1 †; 22.7.1.8.2001, 1 ‡. Holarctic species, reported for the Balkan Peninsula from Croatia (SCHMITZ, 1949) and Greece (DISNEY, 1991). Other localities in Bulgaria: Danube Plain, Altimir Village; Dobrudja, General Toshevo and Sofia Plain, Sofia (BESCHOVSKI & LANGOUROV, 1997; LANGOUROV, in press). Phora atra (Meigen, 1804) Material: MF18 - 120 m, Meden Buk Village, near Byala Reka River, xerothermic oak wood (leg. E. Manassieva): 8.5.1996, 1 †. Holarctic species, known for the Balkan Peninsula from Croatia [SCHMITZ, 1924; SCHMITZ, 1929; SCHMITZ, 1955 as Phora aterrima (Fabricius)], Greece (DISNEY, 1991) and Macedonia (LANGOUROV, 1999). Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (LANGOUROV, in press). Phora edentata Schmitz, 1920 Material: LG71 - 300 m, Chiflik Village (10 km NE of Kardjali), xerothermic oak wood (leg. V. Beschovski): 17.4.1977, 3 ††. Palearctic species, known from Europe and Asia (Russian Far East, Japan). For the Balkan Peninsula is known from Croatia (SCHMITZ, 1955). Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (LANGOUROV, in press). ** Phora hamata Schmitz, 1927 Material: LG71 - 300 m, Chiflik Village (10 km NE of Kardjali), xerothermic oak wood (leg. V. Beschovski): 17.4.1977, 1 †. European species, known until now from Middle Europe. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. * Spiniphora maculata (Meigen, 1830) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 1 †. European species, known for the Balkan Peninsula from Croatia (STROBL, 1902), Greece and Italy (Gorizia) [SCHMITZ, 1929 as Paraspiniphora helicivora (Dufour)].
Diptera: Phoridae
761
Triphleba antricola (Schmitz, 1918) Literature data: LF39 - Vodnata Peshtera Cave - Godumovi Kolibi Place (3 km NW of Nedelino); LF87 - Rupata Cave - E from Egrek Village (30 km S of Krumovgrad); LG90 - Razklonenata Cave, Dishlik Dere - Oreshari Village; MF28 - Kodzha-Kaya Cave - Belopolyane Village (LANGOUROV, 2001). Other material: LG40 - 750 m, cave near Svetulka Village (5 km SW of Ardino), on clay and rotten log (leg. B. Petrov & V. Beshkov): 29.8.2001, 8 ‡‡; LF59 – 540 m, Karaguk Cave, near Tarnovtsi Village (6 km W from Djebel), under stones (leg. B. Petrov & P. Beron): 22.10.2003, 3 ‡‡; LG71 – 320 m, Karangil Cave, near Shiroko Pole Village (7 km E from Kurdjali), on clayguano (leg. B. Petrov & P. Beron): 21.10.2003, 3 ‡‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 3-7.1.2001, 1 †. Southeuropean species, widespread in the country. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy (SCHMITZ, 1943), Greece and Romania (LANGOUROV, 2001). Triphleba autumnalis (Becker, 1901) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 3-7.1.2001, 2 ††. European species. Other localities in Bulgaria: Vitosha Mt (BESCHOVSKI & LANGOUROV, 1997). Triphleba hyalinata (Meigen, 1830) Literature data: LF58 – near Ridino Village; LF77 – between Pashintsi and Kran villages; LG90 - Razklonenata Cave, Dishlik Dere - Oreshari Village; MF29 – Petko Bair Hill, 3 km SW Ivaylovgrad; MF38 – 2 km E Odrintsi Village (LANGOUROV, 2001). Other material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 4 ††, 1 ‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/ xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †; 3-7.1.2001, 3 ††. European species. Other localities in Bulgaria: Central Stara Planina Mts., Enina Village; Sofia Plain, Sofia and Vitosha Mt. (LANGOUROV, 2001). ** Triphleba intermedia (Malloch, 1908) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 4 ††, 1 ‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †. European species. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. ** Triphleba papillata (Wingate, 1906) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 3 ††. European species. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. Triphleba trinervis (Becker, 1901) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †, 1 ‡.
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Holarctic species. Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (BESCHOVSKI & LANGOUROV, 1997). ** Triphleba tumidula (Schmitz, 1918) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 2 ††, 2 ‡‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 7-22.1.2001, 1 †. European species, known until now from Middle Europe. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. METOPININAE Megaseliini Megaselia basispinata (Lundbeck, 1920) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 3 ††, 1 ‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 2 ††. Holarctic-Neotropical species. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Slovenia (Carniolia) (SCHMITZ, 1929). Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (LANGOUROV, in press). * Megaselia berndseni (Schmitz, 1919) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 ‡; MF19 - 410 m, near Plevun Village, xerothermic oak wood, Malaise trap (leg. A. Stojanova): 22.7.-1.8.2001, 1 †, 1 ‡. Holarctic species, known for the Balkan Peninsula from Greece – the island of Crete (SCHMITZ, 1924) and Macedonia [COE, 1956 as Megaselia pygmaeoides (Lundbeck)]. Megaselia brevicostalis (Wood, 1910) Material: MF19 - 410 m, near Plevun Village, xerothermic oak wood, Malaise trap (leg. A. Stojanova): 7-16.5.2001, 1 †; 13-22.7.2001, 2 ††; 22.7.-1.8.2001, 1 ‡. Holarctic-Neotropical species. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Slovenia (SCHMITZ, 1929) and Macedonia (COE, 1956; LANGOUROV, 1999). Other localities in Bulgaria: Western Stara Planina Mts, Vurshets (SCHMITZ, 1953). Megaselia diversa (Wood, 1909) Material: MG00 - 200 m, near Madjarovo, xerothermic scrub, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 22.1.-5.2.2001, 3 ††; MG20 - 350 m, near Kamilski Dol Village, N Ivaylovgrad, xerothermic oak wood (leg. V. Beschovski): 20.4.1977, 1 †. European species, known for the Balkan Peninsula from Croatia (SCHMITZ, 1924; SCHMITZ, 1929; COE, 1956), other parts of the former Yugoslavia (SCHMITZ & BEYER, 1965А). Other localities in Bulgaria: Strouma Valley, Kresna Gorge (LANGOUROV & SAKALIAN, 2001).
Diptera: Phoridae
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Megaselia fusca (Wood, 1909) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †. European species, known for the Balkan Peninsula also from Bosnia-Herzegovina (SCHMITZ, 1929) and Croatia (COE, 1956). Other localities in Bulgaria: West Stara Planina Mts., Temnata Dupka Cave (CZERNY, 1930) and Vitosha Mt. (LANGOUROV, 2001). ** Megaselia fusciclava Schmitz, 1935 Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 7-22.1.2001, 1 †. European species, known until now from Great Britain, Ireland and Sweden. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. Megaselia halterata (Wood, 1910) Literature data: LG90 – Dishlik Dere Place, near Oreshari Village (LANGOUROV, 2001). Holarctic species. Other localities in Bulgaria: West Stara Planina Mts., Haydoushka Dupka Cave; Sofia Plain, Sofia and Vitosha Mt. (LANGOUROV, 2001). ** Megaselia hirticaudata (Wood, 1910) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †. European species, known until now from Finland, Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland and the Netherlands. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. Megaselia hirtiventris (Wood, 1909) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 2 ††. European species. Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (LANGOUROV, in press). Megaselia longicostalis (Wood, 1912) Literature data: LG90 – Dishlik Dere Valley, near Oreshari Village (LANGOUROV, 2001). Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 3 ††, 3 ‡‡; 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †. Westpalearctic species. Other localities in Bulgaria: Fore-Balkan Mts., Prolazka Cave; Central Stara Planina Mts., Enina Village (LANGOUROV, 2001). * Megaselia meconicera (Speiser, 1925) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 †. Holarctic species, known for the Balkan Peninsula from Albania (SCHMITZ, 1929; SCHMITZ, 1957).
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Megaselia pleuralis (Wood, 1909) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †, 1 ‡. Holarctic species, widespread in the country. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Macedonia (COE, 1956; LANGOUROV, 1999), Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina (SCHMITZ, 1929; SCHMITZ, 1953; SCHMITZ, 1957). ** Megaselia producta (Schmitz, 1921) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 †, 1 ‡. European species, known until now from North and Middle Europe. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. Megaselia pusilla (Meigen, 1830) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 †; 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †; 3-7.1.2001, 1 ‡. Holarctic species. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Slovenia (SCHMITZ, 1929). Other localities in Bulgaria: Strouma Valley, Kresna Gorge (LANGOUROV & SAKALIAN, 2001). Megaselia rufipes (Meigen, 1804) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 9.12.2000-3.1.2001, 1 †, 1 ‡; 3-7.1.2001, 2 ‡‡. Cosmopolitan species, widespread in the country. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Bosnia-Herzegovina (STROBL, 1900; SCHMITZ, 1929), Croatia (STROBL, 1902; SCHMITZ, 1929, COE, 1956), Greece – the Island of Corfu (SCHMITZ, 1924), Macedonia (LANGOUROV, 1999) and Romania (LANGOUROV, 2001). Megaselia scutellaris (Wood, 1909) Material: LF58 - 480 m, above Ridino Village, W of Zli Vruh Peak - 12 km S Djebel, oak wood, among decaying wood and litter in the trunk of Quercus frainetto: 12.12.2000, 1 ‡; MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 †. European species, reported from Bulgaria without precise locality (SCHMITZ, 1953 as Megaselia scutellariformis Schmitz). For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Croatia (SCHMITZ, 1924), Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia (SCHMITZ, 1929). ** Megaselia unicolor (Schmitz, 1919) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 1 †. Palearctic species, known until now from Middle Europe and Asia (China). New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. ** Megaselia vernalis (Wood, 1909) Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 1-9.12.2000, 4 ††, 1 ‡; 3-7.1.2001, 1 †.
Diptera: Phoridae
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European species, known until now from Middle Europe. New region: Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria. Megaselia verralli (Wood, 1910) Material: MF19 - 410 m, near Plevun Village, xerothermic oak wood, Malaise trap (leg. A. Stojanova): 1-13.7.2001, 2 ††. Mediterranean species. For the Balkan Peninsula also known from Slovenia, Greece (the island of Crete) (SCHMITZ, 1929; SCHMITZ, 1958) and Macedonia (COE, 1956). Other localities in Bulgaria: Sofia Plain, Sofia (SCHMITZ, 1953). * Metopinini * Gymnophora integralis Schmitz, 1920 Material: MG01 - 160 m, 2 km NE Madjarovo, ecotone riverbank/xerothermic wood, Malaise trap (leg. H. Eturska): 7-22.1.2001, 1 ‡. Palearctic species, for the Balkan Peninsula it is known from Croatia (SCHMITZ, 1929).
Discussion Thirty-two species of the family, of the following genera distribution Diplonevra (1), Gymnophora (1), Megaselia (19), Phora (3), Spiniphora (1), Triphleba (7), have been established on the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes during the present investigation. The genus Gymnophora was found for the first time in Bulgaria. Nine species are new for the Balkan Peninsula (Phora hamata, Triphleba intermedia, Т. papillata, Т. tumidula, Megaselia fusciclava, М. hirticaudata, М. producta, М. unicolor, М. vernalis) and another four are new for Bulgaria (Spiniphora maculata, Megaselia berndseni, М. meconicera, Gymnophora integralis). Bearing in mind that the main part of the material was collected mainly during the winter months, it can be concluded that this is a very small part of the scuttle flies of the mountain, which is characterized by a considerable diversity. For the species Megaselia fusciclava, М. hirticaudata, М. producta, M. vernalis, Phora hamata, Triphleba intermedia, T. papillata and T. tumidula the Balkan Peninsula (including Bulgaria) is the southernmost part of their range. Of special interest among them are Megaselia fusciclava, M. hirticaudata, and М. producta, known up to now from a limited number of localities, mainly in North and Middle Europe. Concerning these species, in the low southern mountains of Europe a shift has been observed in their activity towards the winter months. The data on the activity of their representatives during the winter months are also very interesting. The references contain sporadic evidence on the winter-active species of scuttle flies, but the only study with a clear purpose is that of SOSZYСSKA & DURSKA (2002) on the genus Triphleba from Poland. Twenty-six species from four genera were established in the Southern Rhodopes during the winter months (December, January, and February). Genus Megaselia was represented by the greatest number of species (17 altogether), followed by Triphleba (7), as well as by Gymnophora and Spiniphora, which were represented by only one species. The present investigation is the first to establish winter activity of the species Megaselia fusciclava, M. hirticaudata, M. hirtiventris, M. producta, M. unicol-
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or, M. scutellaris and M. pusilla. The data contained in the references (DISNEY, 1989; SCHMITZ & BEYER, 1965A; SCHMITZ & BEYER, 1965B; SCHMITZ & DELAGE, 1974) show activity of the species not later than September-October or November (only for the last two species). In the temperate regions (as the Mediterranean zone and its neighboring territories) a lengthening of the flight period of some widespread species has been observed (e. g. Gymnophora integralis - BROWN, 1987; GORI, 2000, the present investigation) or a shift in the activity of some cold-adapted species (Megaselia fusciclava, M. hirticaudata, and М. producta) during the winter months. Supporting data can be taken from GORI (1999, 2000) for a number of representatives in Italy. The species Megaselia producta is known to occur in the Vitosha Mountain from June to October (at 1850-2150 m; Langourov, unpublished data) and in the Eastern Rhodopes (at 200 m) in winter. After the present investigation, the number of the established scuttle flies for Bulgaria increased to 85, while for the Balkan Peninsula it is 188 (SCHMITZ, 1924; SCHMITZ, 1929; LANGOUROV, 1999; DISNEY, 2003). These figures, compared to the data for countries like Austria (304), Great Britain (323), Germany (360), and Poland (328),whose faunas have been well investigated, point to the very inadequate research on the peninsula as a whole.
Acknowledgments I am very grateful to the team of colleagues working in the Environment Preservation Centre in the town of Madjarovo and particularly grateful to Ms Hristina Eturska. I would like to thank all my colleagues who kindly submitted the materials collected by them.
References BESCHOVSKI V., LANGOUROV M. 1997. Contribution to the study of the distribution of Phoridae-species in the Balkan Peninsula (Diptera, Phoridae). - Acta zool. bulg., 49: 43-47. BROWN B.V. 1987. Revision of the Gymnophora (Diptera: Phoridae) of the Holarctic Region: classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographic history. – Syst. Ent., 12: 271-304. COE R. 1956. Diptera taken in Yugoslavia from May to July, 1955, with localities and notes. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays Serbe, Belgrade, B, 8: 75-96. CZERNY L. 1930. Dipteren auf Schnee und in Höhlen. - Mitt. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 3: 113-118. DISNEY R. 1989. Scuttle Flies - Diptera, Phoridae Genus Megaselia. - Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 10 (8): 1-155. DISNEY R. 1991. Family Phoridae. - In: Soos A. (ed.). Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera. Volume 7. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 143-204. DISNEY R. 2003. Revisionary notes on European Phoridae (Diptera). – Bonn. zool. Beitr., 50 (4): 293-304. GORI M. 1999. Su alcuni Foridi dell’Italia centrale con descrizione di una nuova specie di Diplonevra (Diptera, Phoridae). – Boll. Assoc. Romana Ent., 54 (1-4): 131-148. GORI M. 2000. Due nuove specie di Foridi italiani: Billotia papii n.sp. e Triphleba ausoniae n.sp. (Diptera, Phoridae). – Boll. Soc. entomol. ital., 132 (2): 175-180.
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LANGOUROV M. 1999. Review on scuttle flies of Macedonia (Diptera: Phoridae). - Proceedings of the Ist Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International Participation. Special issues of Macedonian Ecological Society, Skopje, 5 (1): 303-312. LANGOUROV M. 2001. Scuttle flies from caves in the Balkan Peninsula (Diptera: Phoridae). - Acta zool. bulg., 53 (3): 33-40. LANGOUROV M. In press. Scuttle flies from urban and suburban areas in the Sofia Plain (Diptera, Phoridae). - In: Penev L. et al. (eds.). Ecology of the City of Sofia. Species And Communities in Urban Environment. LANGOUROV M., SAKALIAN V. 2001. Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). - In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Inst. zool., Sofia, 217-218. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). SCHMITZ H. 1924. Europäische Phoriden des Ungarischen National-Museums. - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 21: 79-86. SCHMITZ H. 1929. Revision der Phoriden nach forschungsgeschichtlichen und nomenklatorischen, systematischen und anatomischen biologischen und faunistischen Gesichtspunkten. Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag, Berlin und Bonn, 212 pp. SCHMITZ H. 1941. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 141: 65-128. SCHMITZ H. 1943. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 147: 129-160. SCHMITZ H. 1949. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 149: 161-320. SCHMITZ H. 1953. Ungarische und andere paläarktische Phoriden des Ungarischen Nationalmuseums. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., (N.S.), 3: 203-211. SCHMITZ H. 1955. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 180: 321-386. SCHMITZ H. 1957. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 196: 417-464. SCHMITZ H. 1958. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 202: 465-512. SCHMITZ H., BEYER E. 1965a. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 258: 513-560. SCHMITZ H., BEYER E. 1965b. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 260: 561-608. SCHMITZ H., DELAGE A. 1974. 33. Phoridae. - In: Lindner E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 4 (7), Lief. 301: 609-664. SOSZYСSKA A., DURSKA E. 2002. Cold-adapted scuttle-flies species of Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae). – Ann. zool. (Warszawa), 52 (2): 279-283. STROBL G. 1900. Dipterenfauna von Bosnien, Hercegovina und Dalmatien. – Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien Herceg., 7: 552-670. STROBL G. 1902. New contributions to the fauna of Diptera of the Balkan Peninsula. – Glasn. Zemalj. Muz. Bosni i Herceg., 14: 461-517. (In Serbian and Latin).
Author’s address: Mario Langourov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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M. LANGOUROV Фориди (Diptera: Phoridae) от Източните Родопи (България) със специално внимание върху зимно-активните видове Марио ЛАНГУРОВ (Р е з ю м е)
При настоящото проучване за територията на Източните Родопи са установени 32 вида от семейството. Девет вида са нови за Балканския полуостров, а още четири – за България, с които броят на представителите от сем. Phoridae, известни за страната достига 85. Род Gymnophora се установява за пръв път в страната. Като се има предвид, че основния дял от материала е събиран главно през зимните месеци се прави извода, че това е съвсем малък дял от форидната фауна на планината, която се характеризира със значително разнообразие. Съдържат се и сведения за четирите вида фориди, съобщени за територията на планината преди настоящото проучване. Прави се съпоставка на броя видове, установени към момента за Балканския полуостров (188) с добре проучени във фаунистично отношение държави, което показва изключително слабата проученост на полуострова като цяло.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Zdravko HUBENOV
Hubenov Z. 2004. Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 769-775. Abstract. A total of 99 species of the family Tachinidae, belonging to 65 genera, have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes. It can be assumed that less than 50% of the species in this territory have been found. The fauna of Tachinidae consists of two groups: a) species with a Mediterranean type of distribution (14 species - 14.1%) - more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palearctic; b) species with a Palearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (85 species - 85.9%) - more cold-loving and more widely distributed in the Palearctic. The zoogeographical character of the fauna of Tachinidae in the investigated region is determined by the second group. Key words: Diptera, Tachinidae, faunistics, zoogeography, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction Until now the Eastern Rhodopes have not been investigated in regard to the tachinid fauna. There is a lack of published data on the Tachinidae from this mountain. In the collections of the National Museum of Natural History there is no material from the family Tachinidae, collected in the Eastern Rhodopes. The aim of this paper is to present information concerning the species composition and the zoogeographical character of the tachinid fauna in the Eastern Rhodopes.
Material and methods The material was collected in 1977, 1990, 1991 and 2001. It is stored in the scientific fund of the Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Seven localities from the Bulgarian part of the mountain are included in these collections but the last ones have a casual character. 1. Krumovgrad, around Krumovitsa River and at Svezhest Hut, 220-450 m, MaySeptember 1977.
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Z. HUBENOV 2. Around the confluence of the rivers Arda and Krumovitsa, 200 m, June-August 1977. 3. Northeast of Podkova Village, 650 m., July 1977. 4. South of Krumovgrad, Golyamo Kamenyane Village, 350 m, 29.5.1990. 5. Southwest of Ivaylovgrad, Gugutka Village, 200 m, 29.5.1990. 6. Ivaylovgrad Dam at Arda Hut, 240 m, 18.6.1991. 7. Natural science center at Madjarovo, near Arda River, 220 m, March-August 2001.
Route and stationary entomological methods have been used for the collecting of the imago forms. They have been caught on the blossoms of Euphorbia sp., Daucus carota L., Eryngium campestre L., Heracleum ternatum Vel., Peucedanum sp., Sambucus ebulus L., Mentha longifolia (L.), Origanum vulgare L., Thymus sp., Achillea sp. and Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. or on the leaves of bushes and trees. A small part of the tachinids (only the ones from Madzharovo) is collected with a Malaise trap. A zoogeographical analysis has been used for the zoogeographical characteristic of the species. Information on the complexes of species of different zoogeographical character was received, based on published data regarding taxa distribution and on the results of the sums. The data on the species distribution have been taken from the publications of HERTING (1984) and HERTING & DELYDRASKOVITS (1993). The following abbreviations and marks have been used: CSE – Central and South European; DES – Disjunctive Eurosiberian; DP – Disjunctive Palearctic; E – European; ESS – Euro-Southsiberian; H – Holarctic; HES – Holoeurosiberian; HM – Holomediterranean; HO – Holarctic-Indo-Malayan; HP – Holopalearctic; MCA – Mediterranean-Centralasian; MT – Mediterranean-Turanian; MWCA – Mediterranean-Westcentralasian; NM – Northmediterranean; NMT – Northmediterranean-Turanian; PAT – Palearctic-Afrotopical; PO – Palearctic-Indo-Malayan; PPTA – Palearctic-Paleotropic-Australian; SK – Semicosmopolitan; SP – Southpalearctic; SPAT – Southpalearctic-Afrotopical; TESCA – Transeurosiberian-Centralasian; TP – Transpalearctic; WCES – Westcentraleurosiberian; WCP – Westcentralpalearctic; WES – Westeurosiberian; WP – Westpalearctic; – very common; – common; – comparatively rare; – very rare species.
Results and discussion A total of 99 species of the family Tachinidae, belonging to 65 genera, have been established in the investigated region (Table 1). The number of the species established is smaller than in Slavyanka Mt. (109 species - HUBENOV, 1988), Belasitsa Mt. (147 species - HUBENOV, 1995) and Pirin Mt. (203 species - HUBENOV, 1992). It can be assumed that less than 50% of the species in this vast territory have been found. The small number of the localities, the insignificant differences in their altitudes and the wide distribution of the tachinids do not allow conclusions on the vertical distribution of the species in the mountain to be made.
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Table 1 Species composition of the family Tachinidae from the Eastern Rhodopes Taxa
Zoogeographical categories
Localities
Abundance
1
2
3
4
EXORISTINAE Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) E. mimula (Meigen, 1824) E. rustica (Fallén, 1810) Chaetogena obliquata (Fallén, 1810) Diplostichus janithrix (Hartig, 1838) Phorocera obscura (Fallén, 1810) Meigenia mutabilis (Fallén, 1810) Zaira cinerea (Fallén, 1810) Erynniopsis antennata (Rondani, 1861) Blondelia nigripes (Fallén, 1810) Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824) Nemorilla floralis (Fallén, 1810) Aplomyia confinis (Fallén, 1820) Phebellia nigripalpis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) Phryxe nemea (Meigen, 1824) Ph. prima (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889) Ph. vulgaris (Fallén, 1810) Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (Walker, 1853) Lydella stabulans (Meigen, 1824) Cadurciella tritaeniata (Rondani, 1859) Drino atropivora (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) D. inconspicua (Meigen, 1830) D. lota (Meigen, 1824) Huebneria affinis (Fallén, 1810) Carcelia gnava (Meigen, 1824) Alsomyia capillata (Rondani, 1859) Eumea linearicornis (Zetterstedt, 1844) Zenillia libatrix (Panzer, 1798) Pales pavida (Meigen, 1824) P. pumicata (Meigen, 1824) Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848) Sturmia bella (Meigen, 1824) Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen, 1824) Masicera silvatica (Fallén, 1810) Prosopea nigricans (Egger, 1861) Gonia capitata (DeGeer, 1776) Pseudogonia rufifrons (Wiedemann, 1830)
HP HP NM TP DES DES WCP TP NM TP SK HP HP DES HES MT H DES WES DES SP WES PAT ESS DES HM HES HES HP NM E PO TP Е WCP WCP PPTA
1, 2, 3, 5 1, 2 7 1 2 5, 7 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 3 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 7 2 1 1, 2, 3, 7 4 2, 3 2, 7 2 2, 3 2, 3 1, 3 1, 7 1, 2, 6 1, 4 2 3, 4 7 1, 3, 7 1 1, 3, 4 3 1, 4 2 3 2, 3, 6 2
TACHININAE Tachina grossa (Linnaeus, 1758) T. casta (Rondani, 1859) T. fera (Linnaeus, 1758) T. magnicornis (Zetterstedt, 1844) T. praeceps (Meigen, 1824) Peleteria rubescens (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) P. varia (Fabricius, 1794) Linnaemya comta (Fallén, 1810) L. impudica (Rondani, 1859) L. lithosiophaga (Rondani, 1859)
HES HM HP HP TP TP PPTA HO CSE HM
1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 4 4
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Z. HUBENOV 1
2
3
4
Loewia brevifrons (Rondani, 1859) L. phaeoptera (Meigen, 1824) Macquartia praefica (Meigen, 1824) M. tenebricosa (Meigen, 1824) Actia crassicornis (Meigen, 1824) Peribaea apicalis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) P. tibialis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) Siphona cristata (Fabricius, 1805) Aphria longirostris (Meigen, 1824) Bithia glirina (Rondani, 1861) B. modesta (Meigen, 1824) Leskia aurea (Fallén, 1810) Mintho rufiventris (Fallén, 1810)
NM E WP WCP ESS HES SPAT H WCP WES HM HES TP
4, 5 7 2, 3 1, 2, 7 4, 5 7 1, 4, 7 1, 3, 7 2 1, 2, 4 1, 3 1, 5 2, 4
DEXIINAE Billaea forte (Rondani, 1862) B. irorrata (Meigen, 1826) B. pectinata (Meigen, 1826) Dinera carinifrons (Fallén, 1816) D. ferina (Fallén, 1816) Estheria petiolata (Bonsdorff, 1866) Dexia rustica (Fabricius, 1775) Prosena siberita (Fabricius, 1775) Eriothrix rufomaculata (DeGeer, 1776) Athrycia trepida (Meigen, 1824) Phyllomyia volvulus (Fabricius, 1794) Thelaira nigripes (Fabricius, 1794) Stomina caliendrata (Rondani, 1862) S. tachinoides (Fallén, 1816) Dufouria chalybeata (Meigen, 1824)
DES E MCA HES WES WCES HE PPTA TP TP HES TP MCA WCP DP
2 5 1, 3 1, 2, 4, 7 1, 2, 4 2, 3, 5 1, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 2, 4 1, 4 3, 4 1 1, 4 4
PHASIINAE Eliozeta helluo (Fabricius, 1805) E. pellucens (Fallén, 1820) Clytiomyia continua (Panzer, 1798) Ectophasiacrassipennis (Fabricius, 1794) E. leucoptera (Ronadani, 1865) E. oblonga (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Gymnosomaclavatum (Rohdendorf, 1947) G. costatum (Panzer, 1800) G. desertorum (Rohdendorf, 1947) G. dolycoridis Dupuis, 1961 G. inornatum Zimin, 1966 G. rotundatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Opesia cana (Meigen, 1824) Elomyia lateralis (Meigen, 1824) Phasia obesa (Fabricius, 1798) Ph. subcoleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1767) Ph. pusilla (Meigen, 1824) Dionaea aurifrons (Meigen, 1824) Clairvillia biguttata (Meigen, 1824) Cylindromyia bicolor (Olivier, 1812) C. brassicaria (Fabricius, 1775) C. intermedia (Meigen, 1824) Hemyda vitata (Meigen, 1824) Phania funesta (Meigen, 1824)
TP DES TP TP NMT WP TP TP ECA TESCA TP TP ESS TP TP TP TP TP DP MWCA HP HP HES E
1, 3, 4 1, 2, 3 1, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 6 2, 4 1, 4 1, 2, 3 1, 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 2 2, 4 1, 3 3, 4 2, 4 4, 6 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 3, 5, 7 3 3, 4, 7
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The established species from the family Tachinidae can be divided into 3 groups on the basis of the current data on their geographical distribution (Table 2). Species distributed in the Palearctic and out of it. This group (10 species - 10.1%) includes 7 zoogeographical categories, six of which combine species of a northern type (widely distributed in the Holarctic or the Palearctic). It is not of determinative importance for the zoogeographical characteristic of the Tachinidae in the investigated region because of its heterogeneity and small number. Species distributed only in the Palearctic but in more than one subregion. A total of 42 species (42.4%) from this group have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes. Its character is determined by the Transpalearctic species, which are the most numerous Table 2 Zoogeographical characteristic of the family Tachinidae in the Eastern Rhodopes Zoogeographical categories
Number of species
Percentage
Species distributed in the Palearctic and out of it Northern type Semicosmopolitan Palearctic-Paleotropic-Australian Holarctic-Indo-Malayan Palearctic-Indo-Malayan Palearctic-Afrotopical Holarctic Southern type Southpalearctic-Afrotopical
10 9 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1
10.10 9.09 1.01 3.03 1.01 1.01 1.01 2.02 1.01 1.01
Species distributed in the Palearctic only Palearctic type Holopalearctic Transpalearctic Westcentralpalearctic Westpalearctic Disjunctive Palearctic Southpalearctic Eurosiberian type Holoeurosiberian Transeurosiberian-Centralasian Westcentraleurosiberian Westeurosiberian Disjunctive Eurosiberian European Central and South European Euro-Southsiberian Eurocentralasian Mediterranean type Mediterranean-Centralasian Mediterranean-Westcentralasian Mediterranean-Turanian Northmediterranean-Turanian Northmediterranean Holomediterranean
89 42 9 22 6 2 2 1 34 10 1 1 4 8 5 1 3 1 13 2 1 1 1 4 4
89.90 42.42 9.09 22.22 6.06 2.02 2.02 1.01 34.34 10.10 1.01 1.01 4.04 8.08 5.05 1.01 3.03 1.01 13.13 2.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 4.04 4.04
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Z. HUBENOV
(22 species - 22.2%), and particularly by the Holopalearctic ones (9 species - 9.1%). The species Dufouria chalybeata and Clairvillia biguttata have a longitudinal disjunction of their areals that includes parts of the Siberian and Central Asian subregions. Species distributed within the boundaries of one Palearctic subregion. This group (47 species - 47.5%) includes species of Eurosiberian and Mediterranean type of distribution. According to many authors, who combine the Mediterranean and Central Asian subregions, the Mediterranean-Centralasian species are also included here. The Eurosiberian species are 34 (34.3%), of which the Holoeurosiberian (10 species - 10.10%) and the Disjunctive Eurosiberian (8 species - 8.08%) ones are best represented. The latter species have a longitudinal disjunction of their areals in regard to Siberia. The European species are 6 (6.06%) as the range of Linnaemya impudica (Rond.) includes parts of Central and South Europe. The Mediterranean species are 13 (13.1%) and their number is comparatively small for this region with a strong Mediterranean influence. It must be mentioned that the percentage of the Mediterranean species in Sandanski-Petrich Valley (the region with the strongest Mediterranean influence in Bulgaria) is higher - 16.9% (BESCHOVSKI & HUBENOV, 1986). This probably has to do with the incomplete investigations of the Eastern Rhodopes and the availability of stenobiontic (rare) forms, represented by dispersed populations in the mountain, which have not been found yet.
Conclusion The above review shows that the Tachinidae fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes consists of two groups: 1. Species with a Mediterranean type of distribution (14 species - 14.1%) - more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palearctic. The southern type species (Peribaea tibialis R.-D.), distributed out of the Palearctic, can be formally related to this group as well. 2. Species with a Palearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (85 species - 85.9%) - more frost-loving and more widely distributed in the Palearctic. The northern type species, distributed out of the Palearctic, can be formally related to this group as well (9 species). The zoogeographical character of the Tachinidae fauna in the investigated region is determined by the second group.
References BESCHOVSKI V., HUBENOV Z. 1986. Die Insekten von der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) in den Submediterranbiotopen Südwestbulgariens. I. Artenbestand und zoogeographische Charakteristik der Tachinidae im Tal zwischen Sandanski und Petrič. - In: Fauna of Southwestern Bulgaria. Part 1. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 118-129. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). HERTING B. 1984. Catalogue of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). - Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk., A, 369: 1-228. HERTING B., DELY-DRASKOVITS A. 1993. Family Tachinidae. - In: Soós Á., Papp L. (ed.). Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera, 13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 118-624.
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HUBENOV Z. 1988. Species composition and zoogeographical characteristics of the family Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Slavjanka mountain. - Acta Zool. Bulg., 36: 17-30. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). HUBENOV Z. 1992. Artenbestand, Höhenverbreitung und zoogeografische Characteristik der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) aus dem Piringebirge. - Acta Zool. Bulg., 44: 3-18. HUBENOV Z. 1995. Artenbestand, Vertikalverbreitung und zoogeografische Characteristik der Familie Tachinidae (Diptera) aus dem Belasizagebirge. - Acta Zool. Bulg., 48: 48-61.
Autor’s address: Zdravko Hubenov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tachinidae (Diptera) от Източните Родопи (България) Здравко ХУБЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е) В Източните Родопи са установени 99 вида от семейство Tachinidae, които спадат към 65 рода. Може да се приеме, че са намерени под 50% от видовете на този обширен район. Малкият брой на находищата, незначителните разлики в надморската им височина и широкото разпространение на тахинидите не позволяват да се правят изводи за вертикалното разпространение на видовете в планината. Тахинидната фауна се състои от 2 групи: 1) видове с медитерански тип на разпространение (14 вида - 14.1%) - по-топлолюбиви и разпространени предимно в южните части на Палеарктика, към които формално могат да се отнесат и видовете от южен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика; 2) видове с палеарктичен и евросибирски тип на разпространение (85 вида - 85.9%) - по-студенолюбиви и по-широко разпространени в Палеарктика, към които формално се отнасят и видовете от северен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика. Зоогеографският характер на тахинидната фауна се определя от втората група.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Molluscs (Mollusca) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Zdravko HUBENOV
Hubenov Z. 2004. Molluscs (Mollusca) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 777-786. Abstract. A total of 27 species, belonging to 10 families from the subclasses Prosobranchia and Pulmonata in the Eastern Rhodopes, has been reported so far. It is assumed that about 22% of the species, occurring in the mountain, have been established. Nine endemic taxa (33.3% of the known species), 7 preglacial relicts (25.9%) and 3 rare species, 2 of them also endemic, have been found. Two species are threatened and included in different Red Data Lists (IUCN, ESC, BC, HD and CORINE). Three species have been reported as troglophilic. The habitats, where the molluscs of the Eastern Rhodopes have been established, can be grouped in 29 main types. Key words: Mollusca, Gastropoda, chorological data, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Introduction According to the existing information, IURINITSH (1908), WAGNER (1927) and PETRBOK (1941, 1948) reported the first data on the molluscs of the Rhodopes Mts. There is a scanty information on the water gastropods in the publications of YANEVA (1989), YANEVA et al. (1997, 2001). These data refer to 4 species from 3 families, found in the lower course of the rivers Cherna and Malka Arda. The works of RIEDEL & URBANSKI (1964), BERON & GUEORGUIEV (1967), RIEDEL (1975) and BERON (1994) give brief data on the terrestrial gastropods. A part of it refers to the troglophilic forms of the family Zonitidae. There are more records on the terrestrial snails in the monograph of DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) and in the publications of KÖRNIG (1983) and WIKTOR (1983) as well. The data is fragmentary and concerns separate parts of the mountain massif. It is scattered in different articles, which do not refer specifically to the Eastern Rhodopes. There is a lack of generalized investigations on the malacofauna of the mountain. The aim of this paper is to give a general review of the faunistic composition and the level of study of the molluscs in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes.
778
Z. HUBENOV Material and methods
Three orders from the class Gastropoda are presented in this paper. There is literature data on the class Bivalvia too - the genera Pisidium and Anodonta. However, these genera are not determined in terms of species and so they are not examined. The current review of the molluscs in the Eastern Rhodopes is based upon reported data. The small number of the regions, where the malacological material was collected with exact localities, shows the poor level of study of this vast territory. There are 5 localities of freshwater snails: Arda River below Rudozem and at Dyavolski Most (north of Ardino), Cherna River influx into Arda River and Malka Arda River at Oryahovets Village and Banite Village. There are 13 localities of terrestrial snails: south of Haskovo, south of Kardjali, Ostrovitsa Village (southeast of Kardjali), Gorna Snezhinka Village (northwest of Kardjali), north of Momchilgrad, southwest of Krumovgrad, south and southwest of Harmanli, south of Mezek, west of Svilengrad, east of Rudozem, south of Madan and between Zlatograd and Madan. Some other species can be assumed most likely to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes - species without exact localities, occurring in all Bulgarian mountains up to a definite altitude or distributed everywhere (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Thus it is almost certain that these taxa occur there and in the current work they are included after the list of the established species. From the distribution of the localities throughout the mountain territory, it is clear that in the whole eastern half of the studied area there is only one locality of malacological material - at Mezek. The surroundings of Svilengrad, which also figure, are situated in the Thracian Lowland. According to most authors the territory between Zlatograd and the confluence of the rivers Cherna and Arda (where the water gastropods and a part of the terrestrial ones have been found) is out of the Eastern Rhodopes boundaries. In practice the main part of the localities, mentioned above, is situated around Kardjali and Momchilgrad and the total number of all Eastern Rhodopes localities, where molluscs have been collected, could be reduced to 11.
Results and discussion A total of 27 species, belonging to 10 families and 2 orders of the subclasses Prosobranchia and Pulmonata from the Eastern Rhodopes, is known so far. It must be kept in mind that another 39 species, which have not been reported with exact localities in the explored territory, are assumed likely to occur there (Table 1). In this quite poor species composition the family Zonitidae is best Table 1 Malacofaunistic diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes Phylum
Class
Orders
MOLLUSCA Basommatophora Stylommatophora
Gastropoda
Mesogastropoda
Total
1
3
Number of taxa Families Species
Level of study (%)
(2) 4 (1) 6 (14)
(3) 4 (2) 23 (34)
30 30 20
10 (17)
27 (39)
22.0
The numbers in brackets refer to the taxa, which are assumed possible
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represented with the highest number of species - 8 (29.6%), followed by Limacidae and Helicidae - 4 species each. For the biggest family - Clausiliidae, which is also the richest in endemic forms, no species of exact locality have been reported within the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes.
GASTROPODA PULMONATA BASOMMATOPHORA Limnaeidae Radix peregra (Müller, 1774) At the influx of Cherna River into Arda River, Malka Arda River at Banite Village, Malka Arda River at Oryahovets village (YANEVA, 1989; YANEVA et al., 2001). Ancylidae Ancylus f luviatilis (Müller, 1774) Arda River to the beginning of the waste zone after Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964); at the influx of Cherna River into Arda River (YANEVA, 1989; YANEVA et al., 1997, 2001). Planorbidae Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774) At the influx of Cherna River into Arda River (YANEVA, 1989; YANEVA et al., 2001). Physidae Costatella acuta (Draparnaud, 1801) At the influx of Cherna River into Arda River and at Dyavolski Most of Arda River (YANEVA, 1989; YANEVA et al., 2001). STYLOMMATOPHORA Orculidae Pagodulina pagodula (Desmoulins, 1830) At moist biotopes around Kardjali and Rudozem, up to 1200 m (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Zonitidae Vitrea riedeli Damjanov et Pinter, 1969 Rare, known from Mezek and Svilengrad (DAMJANOV & PINTER, 1969; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Vitrea pygmaea (Boettger, 1880) Preglacial relict, known from Haskovo (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Rossmässler, 1848) Balkan endemic, troglophilic, found in the vicinities of Kardjali, Ostrovitsa and Gorna Snezhinka (RIEDEL & URBANSKI, 1964; BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967; BERON, 1994).
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Z. HUBENOV Oxychilus deilus rumelicus (Hesse, 1913) Preglacial relict, known from Kardjali (RIEDEL, 1975; BERON, 1994).
Oxychilus glaber (Rossmässler, 1835) Known as troglophilic from Ostrovitsa (RIEDEL & URBANSKI, 1964; BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967; RIEDEL, 1975; BERON, 1994). According to DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) distributed everywhere. Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmässler, 1848) Preglacial relict, troglophilic, known from Kardjali, Ostrovitsa and Harmanli (BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967; DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; RIEDEL, 1975). Oxychilus inopinatus (Uliиny, 1887) Known from Haskovo. Lives underground in the upper soil layers (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; RIEDEL, 1975). Daudebardia wiktori Riedel, 1967 Balkan endemic, preglacial relict, trogloxen, found between Zlatograd and Madan (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; RIEDEL, 1975). Milacidae Milax parvulus Wiktor, 1968 Bulgarian endemic, known from the vicinity of Kardjali (WIKTOR, 1983). Tandonia kusceri (Wagner,1931) Found near Kardjali (WIKTOR, 1983). Tandonia cristata (Kaleniczenko, 1851) Known from Haskovo, Mineralni Bani and Krumovgrad (WIKTOR, 1983). Tandonia serbica (Wagner,1931) Balkan endemic, known from the vicinities of Zlatograd and Madan (WIKTOR, 1983). Limacidae Limax macedonicus Hesse, 1928 Balkan endemic, found at Momchilgrad, Haskovo, Mineralni Bani (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; WIKTOR, 1983). Limax f lavus Linnaeus, 1758 Preglacial relict, found at Harmanli (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; WIKTOR, 1983). Deroceras thersites (Simroth, 1886) Balkan endemic, rare, known from the vicinity of Momchilgrad (WIKTOR, 1983).
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Deroceras bulgaricum (Grossu, 1969) Local Bulgarian endemic, rare, known from the vicinity of Svilengrad (WIKTOR, 1983). Helicidae Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac, 1821) Found by IURINITSH (1908) at Haskovo; widely distributed to 1500 m (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Helix figulina Rossmässler, 1838 Preglacial relict, known around Haskovo, west of Harmanli and south of Kardjali (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Helix lucorum castanea Olivier, 1801 ? Bulgarian endemic, found near Harmanli (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Helix vulgaris Rossmässler, 1838 Preglacial relict, found at Haskovo (IURINITSH, 1908) and Harmanli (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Hygromiidae Trichia erjavici Brusina, 1870 Balkan subendemic, established west of Svilengrad under high moisture (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975). Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) Reported by IURINITSH (1908) for the vicinity of Haskovo; everywhere in great quantity up to 1600 m (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975).
The following species can be assumed as most likely to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes: Mesogastropoda: Pomatiasidae: Pomatias elegans (Müller, 1774), P. rivulare (Eichwald, 1829); Aciculidae: Acicula similis (Reinhardt, 1880). BASOMMATOPHORA: Ellobiidae: Carychium minimum (Müller, 1774), C. tridentatum (Risso, 1826). STYLOMMATOPHORA: Cochlicopidae: Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774); Pyramidulidae: Pyramidula rupestris (Draparnaud, 1801); Vertiginidae: Vertigo pussilla (Müller, 1774), V. antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801), Truncatellina claustralis (Gredler, 1856), T. cylindrica (Férussac, 1821); Pupilidae: Pupila muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758); Orculidae: Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792); Valloniidae: Vallonia costata (Müller, 1774), V. pulchella (Müller, 1774), V. enniensis (Gledler, 1856), Acantinula aculeata (Müller, 1774); Enidae: Ena obscura (Müller, 1774), Zebrina detrita (Müller, 1774), Hondrula tridens (Müller, 1774), H. microtraga (Rossmässler, 1839); Clausiliidae: Laciniaria plicata (Draparnaud, 1901), Bulgarica varnensis (Pfeiffer, 1848); Succineidae: Succinea oblonga (Draparnaud, 1801); Ferussacidae: Cecilioides acicula (Müller, 1774), C. spelaeus (Wagner, 1914); Euconulidae: Euconulus fulvus (Müller, 1774); Vitrinidae: Phenacolimax annularis (Studer, 1820); Zoniti-
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dae: Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871), Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830), Zonitoides nitidus (Müller, 1774); Endodontidae: Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801); Helicidae: Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758, H. pomatia Linnaeus, 1758; Bradibaenidae: Bradibaena fruticum (Müller, 1774); Helicodontidae: Lindholmiola girva (Frivaldszky, 1821); Hygromiidae: Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Schmidt, 1853), Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774), Euomphalla strigella (Draparnaud, 1801). The significant difference between the Eastern Rhodopes and the Western Rhodopes, where the above 110 species are known to occur and the level of study is about 70% (DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV, 1975; CLAUS, 1977; KÖRNIG, 1983; WIKTOR, 1983; IRIKOV, 1999, 2002) is the poor level of investigation of the former. However, the lack of big karst massives, the insufficient geological time for the speciation foci to be created and the predominance of volcanic rock formations must be taken into consideration. In relation to the vertical distribution, we must pay attention to the fact that the low altitude of the Eastern Rhodopes, the diffused presence of 2 vegetation belts and the poor level of study of the molluscs in this region do not allow some important conclusions to be made. It should be noticed that the vertical distribution of the more widely distributed species exceeds 1000 m and it is possible that they can be found in almost all appropriate biotopes. Usually the species Pomatias elegans, Acicula similis, Vallonia enniensis, Pseudotrichia rubiginosa and Monacha cartusiana do not climb up above 500-700 m and do not leave the boundaries of the xerotherm oak forest belt. The investigations carried out permit 19 species (70.4%) of great conservation significance to be established (Table 2). The conservation value of these species is different and it is particularly high when more than one criterion is applied. Three such species have been established in the investigated area: Daudebardia wiktori - Bulgarian endemic and preglacial relict, Deroceras thersites - Balkan endemic and rare species, Deroceras bulgaricum local Bulgarian endemic and rare species.
Table 2 Generalized data on the molluscs of the Eastern Rhodopes Mollusca Families Species and subspecies Balkan endemics Bulgarian endemics Local endemics Preglacial relicts Rare Troglophilic and trogloxen Threatened (IUCN - DD) Threatened (ESC) Threatened (BC-III) Threatened (HD-V) Indicators for CORINE Widely distributed taxa
Total
With localities
Most likely to occur
27 66 8 2 1 9 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 44
10 27 6 2 1 7 3 4 1 1 1
17 42 2
2
1 1 11
33
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783
A total of 9 endemic taxa (33.3% of all the species established in the investigated area), which give distinctiveness to the fauna, are known to occur. Most of them are Balkan endemics - 6 (22.2%). The rare local endemic Deroceras bulgaricum has been found west of Svilengrad. It can be assumed that 100% of this species population is concentrated in the region. The relict molluscs, 7 species (25.9%) of which are preglacial relicts, significantly contribute to the specificity of the fauna and are of high conservation importance. The species Pomatias elegans and P. rivulare have a wide distribution and are likely be found in the region. It is considered that together with the Southern Black Sea coast the Eastern Rhodopes occupy the second place after the Strandja Mt. in terms of the number of relict taxa. Three species - Vitrea riedeli, Deroceras bulgaricum and D. thersites have been accepted as rare (stenotopic), the latter two being endemics as well. From the species, included in the last edition of the world Red Data List, only Vallonia enniensis (IUCN - DD) has been established in Bulgaria. Helix pomatia occurs in the lists of ESC, BC-III, HD-V and CORINE. Both the species are widely distributed and most likely to occur in the explored area. Twenty-eight caves have been investigated in the Eastern Rhodopes. In 2 of these caves (Tilkiini and Hasarskata Peshtera Cave), situated in the vicinities of the villages Ostrovitsa and Gorna Snezhinka, the troglophilic gastropods Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Balkan endemic), Oxychilus glaber and O. hydatinus (preglacial relict) have been found. Two species from the genus Helix are of commercial importance in Bulgaria: H. pomatia and H. lucorum. The biotopes of the former are often localized at a higher altitude (mainly in the mountains) and the latter is distributed everywhere and climbs to 1200 m (rarely to 1400 m) in the mountains. Both “resource” species are probably distributed in the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes. The habitats, where molluscs from the Eastern Rhodopes have been found, could be unified in 6 main types for the water forms and in 23 for the terrestrial ones (Table 3).
Table 3 Main habitats of the molluscs in the Eastern Rhodopes Habitat types Permanent ponds and lakes Temporary freshwater bodies Amphibious communities Rivers and streams River gravel banks River sand banks Western Eurasian thickets Steppes and dry calcareous grasslands Dry siliceous grasslands Humid grasslands and tall herb communities Mesophilous grasslands Beech forests Oak-hornbeam forests Thermophilous and supra-Mediterranean oak woods Mixed thermophilous forests Riparian willow formations
Mollusca z { { z z { { z { z z { z z z z
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Habitat types
Mollusca
Southern alder and birch galleries Hellenic-Balkan riparian plane forests Reed beds Vegetated calcareous inland cliffs Vegetated siliceous inland cliffs Limestone bare inland cliffs Caves High-stem orchards Vineyards Small parks and city squares Towns Villages Fallow lands, Waste places z
z { z z { z z { { { { {
– many species, { – few species
The molluscs of the Eastern Rhodopes are of a low interest to the malacologists. Despite the continuous investigations and the good level of study of the freshwater and terrestrial molluscs in Bulgaria, the mountain remains unexplored. The possible reasons for this fact are as follows the late start of the investigations, which have a casual character here; the lack of karst areas, big and attractive for visitors, with rich malacofauna; the focus of the hydrobiological research on the saprobe condition of the wasted main rivers; the relative remoteness of natural science centers or high roads; the poor attendance by many zoologists in comparison to other regions; the small popularity of the mountain as a tourist attraction.
Conclusion A total of 27 species, belonging to 10 families and 2 orders of the subclasses Prosobranchia and Pulmonata, have been reported from the Eastern Rhodopes so far. Another 39 species without exact localities in the explored territory are accepted as most likely to occur. It is assumed that about 22% of the species, occurring in the mountain, have been established. In this quite poor species composition the family Zonitidae is best represented with the highest number of species - 8. Nine endemics (33.3% of the known species), 7 preglacial relicts (25.9%) and 3 rare species, 2 of which being endemics as well, have been found. Two species (probably occurring throughout the whole territory) are threatened and included in different Red Data Lists (IUCN, ESC, BC, HD and CORINE) and 3 species have been reported as troglophilic. The habitats, where the molluscs of the Eastern Rhodopes have been established, fall into 29 main types. The data collected do not allow conclusions on the vertical distribution and the biotope division of molluscs of the Eastern Rhodopes to be made. Obviously, the molluscs of this large territory are of a low interest to the malacologists in comparison to other Bulgarian regions.
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References BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherhes biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. – Tranteeva, 1: 137 pp. BERON P., GUÉORGUIEV V. 1967. Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. II. Résultats des recherches biospéologiques de 1961 à 1965. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 24: 153-154. CLAUSS E. 1977. Beitrag zur Molluskenfauna der Rhodopen Bulgariens. – Malakol. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden., 5 (2): 307-312. DAMJANOV S., LIKHAREV I. 1975. Fauna Bulgarica. IV. Gastropoda terrestria. Acad. Sci. Bulg., Sofia, 425 pp. (In Bulgarian). IRIKOV A. 1999. New localities of terrestrial snail (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Bulgaria. – Trav. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv, Animalia, 35 (6): 29-32. IRIKOV A. 2002. Species composition and zoogeographical characterization of the terrestrial shell malacofauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Dobrostanski ridge of the Western Rhodopes with ecological notes. Hist. Nat. Bulg., 14: 89-102. IURINITSH S. 1908. Sur les Helicides de la Bulgarie. - God. Sof. Univ., [1906-1908], (3-4): 1-21. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). KÖRNIG G. 1983. Beitrag zur Ökologie und Zoogeographie bulgarischer Landgastropoden. – Malak. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 9 (5): 31-52. PETRBOK J. 1941. Posttertiaria nonmarina mollusca bulgarica. – Vмst. Kral. Čes. Spol. Nauk, Tш. mat.prir., 1-39. PETRBOK J. 1948. A Contribution to the Knowiedge of the Post-Tertiary Molluscs of Bulgaria. – Sborn. Nar. Mus. Praze, 4B (3): 1-28. RIEDEL A. 1975. Die Zonitiden-Fauna Bulgariens (Gastropoda), ihre Herkunft und Verbreitung. – Fragm. faun., 20 (11): 157-177. RIEDEL A., URBAŃSKI J. 1964. Systematische Stellung und Angaben über das Vorkommen von Paraegopis (Balcanodiscus subgen. n.) frivaldskyanus (Rossmaessler, 1842) (Gastropoda, Zonitidae). – Ann. Zool., 22: 69-79. RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5-49. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). WAGNER A. 1927. Studien zur Molluskenfauna der Balkanhalbinsel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Bulgariens und Traziens, nebst monographischer Bearbeitung einzelner Gruppen. – Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon., 6 (4): 263-399. WIKTOR A. 1983. The slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae – Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). – Ann. Zool., 37 (3): 71-206. YANEVA I. [JANEVA I.] 1989. Changes in the saprobiological state of the Иerna river and their effect on the composition and structure of the benthic organisms. – Hydrobiology, 34: 20-29. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl., Russ.). YANEVA I., PEHLIVANOV L., VIDINOVA Y., STOICHEV S., TYUFEKCHIEVA V. 1997. A comparative ecological characterisation of lotic bental zoocoenoses from two streams under different anthropogenic influence. – In: Ecomonitoring in Rozen and Srednogorie - Bulgaria. Min. Envir., Sofia, 101-112. YANEVA I., VIDINOVA Y., TYUFEKCHIEVA V. 2001. Contemporary saprobiological characteristics of Arda River in the section of future “Gorna Arda” сascade building. – Acta Zool. Bulg., 53 (3): 37-46.
Autor’s address: Zdravko Hubenov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Z. HUBENOV Мекотели (Mollusca) от Източните Родопи (България) Здравко ХУБЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е)
За Източните Родопи са съобщени 27 вида, които спадат към 10 семейства и 2 разреда на подкласовете Prosobranchia и Pulmonata. При 39 вида няма конкретни находища от разглежданата територия и те се приемат за вероятни. Предполага се, че са установени към 22% от видовете, обитаващи планината. От този твърде скромен видов състав с най-много видове – 8, е представено семейство Zonitidae. Намерени са 9 ендемита (33.3% от известните видове), 7 преглациални реликта (25.9%) и 3 редки вида, 2 от които са и ендемити. Застрашени и включени в различни червени списъци (IUCN, ESC, BC, HD и CORINE) са 2 вида (вероятни за цялата територия), а като троглофили се съобщават 3 вида. Хабитатите, в които са установени източнородопските мекотели, са 29 основни типа. Събраните данни не позволяват да се правят изводи за вертикалното разпространение и разпределението по биотопи на мекотелите в Източните Родопи. Прави впечатление слабият интерес на малаколозите към тази обширна територия в сравнение с други райони на страната.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Contribution to the knowledge of the terrestrial gastropod fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Atanas IRIKOV, Ivaylo DEDOV
Irikov A., Dedov I. 2004. Contribution to the knowledge of the terrestrial gastropod fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 787-790. Abstract. First reports on 15 newly-recorded for the malacofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes species of terrestrial gastropods are given. Three of them are also new for the fauna of the Rhodopes Mountains as a whole. According to the existing literature and our field data, the number of the established species of terrestrial gastropods in the Eastern Rhodopes so far, becomes 45. Fourteen of them are Bulgarian or Balkan endemic species, while three species are found only in the region of the Rhodopes. By the discovery of new localities of some of the formerly recorded in the Eastern Rhodopes terrestrial gastropods, their distribution area in the region was expanded. Key words: Gastropoda, terrestrial snails, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, distribution, new records.
Introduction In respect of both species composition and distribution of terrestrial gastropods, the Eastern Rhodopes are one of the most poorly investigated regions in Bulgaria. According to literature (HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971; RIEDEL, 1975; HUBENOV, 2004), there are 30 recorded species of terrestrial gastropods in this region of Bulgaria, which makes about 13% of all 236 species, established in Bulgaria (DEDOV, 1998). The small number of established species, as well as the small number of investigated localities (HUBENOV, 2004), presume that the future studies will establish higher number of terrestrial gastropod species in that region.
Materials and methods The gastropods were collected in the period between 1995 and 2002. The sample material was determined after DAMIANOV & LIKHAREV (1975). The gastropods are preserved in 70% ethanol or under the form of shells in authors’ collections.
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A. IRIKOV, I. DEDOV Localities of the species are numbered in Table 1 as follows: 1. Plevun Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 2. Kondovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 3. Zhelezari Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 4. Kostilkovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 5. Dolno Lukovo Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 6. Kodja-Kaya Cave, Odrintsi Village, Ivaylovgrad District. 7. Dupkata Cave, Beli Dol Village, Krumovgrad District, under stones. 8. Ayna-Ini Cave, Ribino Village, Krumovgrad District, clay. 9. Vodnata Peshtera Cave, Kobilyane (Chitashko) Village, Kardjali District, under stones. 10. Vodnata Peshtera Cave, Nedelino Village, Kardjali District, 700 m a.s.l. 11. Srednogortsi Village, Kardjali District, 780 m a.l.s. 12. Patron Kaya Area, Madjarovo District, under stones.
Results and discussions The malacofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains is enriched by 15 newly recorded in that region terrestrial gastropods (Table 1). HUBENOV (2004), based on literTable 1 Species composition and distribution of terrestrial gastropods in the Eastern Rhodopes Species
Localities and data
∗ Ena obscura (Müller, 1774) ∗ Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801) ∗∗ Imparietula seductilis (Rossmässler, 1846) ∗ Chondrula microtraga microtraga (Rossmässler, 1839) ∗∗ Mastus rossmaessleri (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) ∗ Laciniaria plicata (Draparnaud, 1801) ∗ Bulgarica thessalonica (Rossmässler, 1839)
1, 2, 3, 4: 10.12.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 1, 11.11.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 1, 2, 3: 21.10.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 1, 4: 10.12.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev; det. A. Irikov 1, 4, 5: 9-10.12.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 7: 15.4.1998, leg. B. Petrov & B. Barov, det I. Dedov 1: 10.12.2000; 3, 4: 5.5.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. Irikov; 11: 1996, leg B. Petrov, det. I. Dedov; 12: 9.2.1998, leg B. Petrov & G. Stoyanov, det I. Dedov ∗∗ Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826) 1: 10.12.2000, near brook, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov ∗ Cecilioides acicula (Müller, 1774) 3: 11.11.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev; det. A. Irikov ∗ Oxychilus urbanskii Riedel, 1963 1: 10.12.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 2: 11.11.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov 8: 11.10.1995, leg. P. Stoev & B. Petrov, det. I. Dedov 9: 12.2.1998, leg. B. Petrov & T. Ivanova, det I. Dedov10: 31.8.1999, leg. B. Petrov & V. Beshkov, det. I. Dedov ∗ Oxychilus depressus (Sterki, 1880) 6: 5.7.1995, leg. T. Ivanova, det I. Dedov ∗ Daudebardia rufa cycladum Martens, 1889 1: 11.11.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov ∗ Lindholmiola corcyrensis corcyrensis (Deshayes, 1839) 1, 4, 5: 10.12.2000, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov. ∗ Perforatella incarnata (Müller, 1774) 7: 15.4.1998, leg. B. Petrov & B. Barov, det I. Dedov * Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855) 1: 11.11.2001, leg. D. Gyorgiev, det. A. Irikov Symbols: * Newly reported species for the Eastern Rhodopes; ** Species that are new for the fauna of the Rhodopes Mountains
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ature data, summarizes 27 species of terrestrial gastropods, reliably proven to inhabit the region of the Eastern Rhodopes. Other species, inhabiting the Eastern Rhodopes are Pomatias elegans, Zebrina detrita inflata, Chondrula microtraga tricuspidata, Helicopsis instabilis, Xeropicta krynickii, Monacha cartusiana (HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971), Vitrea neglecta (RIEDEL, 1975). In this way, the total number of species established for the Eastern Rhodopes becomes 45. By the discovery of new localities for many of the already established in the Eastern Rhodopes terrestrial gastropods, their distribution area was expanded: Ivaylovgrad District, Plevun Village - Pomatias elegans, Zebrina detrita inflata, Balkanodiscus frivaldskyanus, Xerolenta obvia, Monacha cartusiana, Cepaea vindobonensis, Helix lucorum; Zhelezari Village Xerolenta obvia; Kostilkovo Village - Balcanodiscus fryvaldskyanus, Xerolenta obvia, Monacha cartusiana, Helix lucorum; Dolno Lukovo Village - Monacha cartusiana, Helix lucorum; Kodja-Kaya Cave, Odrintsi Village - Pomatias elegans. Krumovgrad District - Helicopsis instabilis; Dupkata Cave, Beli Dol Village - Chondrula microtraga tricuspidata. Zoogeographic review of the Eastern Rhodopes malacofauna showed considerable presence of Pontomediterranean species (13 species, about 29% of all 45 species, established in the Eastern Rhodopes), currently distributed mainly in the countries around the Black Sea basin and Asia Minor, as well as some Holomediterranean species (2 ~5%). Most probably, the lack of large karst massifs and the predominance of volcanic rocks (HUBENOV, 2004) are some of the main reasons for the lack of endemic species, specific only for the Eastern Rhodopes. Five endemic species for Bulgaria are present in the region (~12%); two of them are established only in the Rhodopes Mountains (Deroceras bulgaricum and Pagodulina subdola brabeneneci). All records of Pagodulina pagodula in the Rhodopes Mountains should be referred as Pagodulina subdola brabeneneci, because Pagodulina pagodula most probably does not occur in Bulgaria (HUDEC & VAŠATKO, 1971). Nine Balkan endemic species (~20%) are established in the Eastern Rhodopes, and one of them (Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus) may be considered as an Rhodopes’ endemic species (DEDOV & PETROV, 2003). The remaining, considerably more widely spread species, are as follows: 5 - Lato-Mediterranean species (~ 12%), 9 - European species (~ 20%), and 1 - Palearctic species (~ 2%). In respect of their ecological requirements, the species with higher resistance to the typical for the Eastern Rhodopes drier and warmer climate, are predominant (DEDOV & PETROV, 2003): xerophilous (15%), meso-xerophilous (4%) and everybionts (1%), or totally about 44% of the established 45 species. The remaining ecological groups are distributed as follows: 17 mesophilous species (or about 38%), 7 meso-hygrophilous species (~16%), and one hygrophilous species (~2%). In general, the malacofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes is formed under the influence of the following basic factors: proximity to the Aegean and Black Seas, considerably mild and dry Mediterranean climate, hilly-like character of the region, and lack of large karst massifs.
Acknowledgements The authors express their gratitude to their colleagues Dilyan Gyorgiev, Boyan Petrov, Dr. Pavel Stoev, Boris Barov, Georgi Stoyanov, Dr. Teodora Ivanova, and Dr. Vladimir Beshkov, who provided malacological materials from the Eastern Rhodopes.
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A. IRIKOV, I. DEDOV References
DAMIANOV S., LIKHAREV I. 1974. Gastropoda terrestria. – In: Fauna Bulgarica. 4. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 425 pp. (In Bulgarian). DEDOV I. 1998. Annotated check-list of the Bulgarian terrestrial snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda). - Linzer Biol. Beitr., 30 (2): 745-765. DEDOV I., PETROV B. 2003. Distribution of the rare Balkan endemic species Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Rossmässler, 1842) (Gastropoda: Zonitidae) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 55 (3): 37-42. HUBENOV Z. 2004. Molluscs (Mollusca) from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 777-786. HUDEC V., VAŠATKO J. 1971. Beitrag zur Molluskenfauna Bulgariens. – Acta Sc. Nat. (Brno), 5 (2): 1-38. RIEDEL A. 1975. Die Zonitiden-Fauna Bulgariens (Gastropoda), ihre Herkunft und Verbreitung. – Fragmenta Faunistica (Warszawa), 20 (11): 157-177.
Authors’ addresses: Atanas Irikov Department of Ecology Faculty of Biology Plovdiv University “Paisiy Hilendarski” 24, Tsar Assen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Ivaylo Dedov Central Laboratory of General Ecology 2, Gagarin Str. 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Принос към изучаването на сухоземната гастроподна фауна (Mollusca: Gastropoda) на Източните Родопи (България) Атанас ИРИКОВ, Ивайло ДЕДОВ (Р е з ю м е) Като нови за фауната на Източните Родопи се съобщават 15 вида сухоземни охлюви, четири от които са нови и за фауната на Родопите като цяло. С това броят на известните досега по литературни и оригинални данни видове сухоземни охлюви от Източните Родопи става 45. Четиринадесет от тях са български или балкански ендемити, като 3 вида са известни само от Родопите. В Източните Родопи преобладават медитеранските топлолюбиви и сухоустойчиви видове. За девет от известните за Източните Родопи видове се съобщават нови находища.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)
Petar BERON, Boyan PETROV, Pavel STOEV
Beron P., Petrov B., Stoev P. 2004. The Invertebrate Cave Fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P. & Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 791-822. Abstract. The current paper summarizes all the information concerning the distribution of the invertebrate cave fauna in the Eastern Rhodopes. So far, on their territory are registered 106 cave-dwelling invertebrates, nine of which, Trichoniscus rhodopiense, Alpioniscus thracicus, Lithobius lakatnicensis, Maroniella beroni, Bureschiana drenskii, B. thracica, Duvalius sp. n. Guéorguiev, Troglorrhynchus beroni, T. angelovi, are categorized as troglobites. Twelve cave inhabitants are local endemics. Thirty-six caves are studied biospeleologically on the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes, of which only three on the Greek side of the mountain. Apart of three caves in Bulgaria, all the rest are prospected in the course of present survey. The zoogeographic affinities of the cave fauna and some aspects of its conservation are discussed. Key words: Cave fauna, Invertebrates, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece
Introduction The Eastern Rhodopes are moderately high mountains, stretching between Bulgaria and Greece and covering a territory of about 6000 sq. km (Fig. 1). In terms of biospeleology, the region remains among the least explored in the Eastern Balkans. The first collecting trips in the Bulgarian territory were organised by one of us (P.B.) in the caves Karagug near Tarnovtsi, on 18.08.1960, and Tilki Ini near Ostrovitsa, on 08.09.1960. Two years later, the prominent Polish malacologist Prof. A. Riedel, intrigued by the existence of live specimens of “Paraegopis” frivasdskyanus, visited Tilki Ini (together with P.B.) on 15.12.1962, and Hasarskata Peshtera near Gorna Snezhinka on 16.12.1962. Another Polish zoologist, R. Bielawski, collected some invertebrates from Tilki Ini on 16.10.1963 (RIEDEL, 1988). These trips resulted in the erection of the genus Balcanodiscus, proposed to include P. frivasdskyanus, and also in the description of a new cave beetle, Bureschiana drenskii V. Guéorguiev, 1963. Two years later, the prominent French zoologist Prof. A. Vandel described Trichoniscus rhodopiense Vandel, 1965 from the cave Karagug. Until 1994-1995, sparse information about the cave fauna of the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes had been published in the papers of ANDREEV (1972), ANGELOV (1985),
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Fig. 1. BULGARIA: Hs 1. Zandana Cave. Hs 2. Kodja In Cave. Hs 3. Karadjainler Cave. Kr 1. Tilki Ini Cave. Kr 2. Karagug Cave. Kr 3. Hasarskata Peshtera Cave. Kr 4. Samara Cave. Kr 5. Karangil Cave. Kr 6. Inkaya Cave. Kr 7. Gouk In Cave. Kr 8. Zmiyarnika Cave. Kr 9. Dupkata Cave. Kr 10. Anifena Propast Cave. Kr 11. Varlidolskata Peshtera Cave. Kr 12. Aina Ini Cave. Kr 13. Prilepova Dupka Cave. Kr 14. Zlatnata Yama Cave. Kr 15. Yarasa Ini Cave. Kr 16. Rupata Cave. Kr 17. Maarata Cave. Kr 18. Hladilnata Peshtera Cave. Kr 19. Brashlyanovata Peshtera Cave. Kr 20. Mechkina Dupka Cave. Kr 21. Vodnata Peshtera Cave. Kr 22. Belopolyanskata Peshtera Cave. Kr 23. Naredenite Kamani Cave. Kr 24. Balaka Cave. Kr 25. Manaf Koyusyu Cave. Kr 26. Gyaurhambar Cave. Kr 27. Tamnata Peshtera Cave. Kr 28. Karangin Cave. Kr 29. Prilepnata Peshtera Cave. Sm 50. Vodnata Peshtera Cave. GREECE: TW 1. Koufovouno Cave. TW 2. Maronia Cave. TW 3. Avanos Cave. – Dist. Haskovo, z – Dist. Kardjali, – Dist. Smolyan,
– Greece
BERON (1972, 1994), DELTSHEV (1970, 1974, 1982), GUÉORGUIEV (1963), NOVOSAD et al. (1987), SKURATOWICZ et al. (1982), STOEV & RIBAROV (1995), STRASSER (1966), RIEDEL (1985, 1988), RIEDEL & URBANSKI (1964), THIBAUD (1995) and VANDEL (1965). The four parts of the Catalogue of the Bulgarian cave fauna (the Essays) summarize in a concise form all the available data and indicate the slow progress of the research in the area. Only two caves, “Peshterata” (= Karagug) and Tilki Ini, were mentioned in the first essay (GUÉORGUIEV & BERON, 1962), with no invertebrates identified on a species level. The next two essays added to the list of the studied caves in the Eastern Rhodopes only one cave, Hasarskata Peshtera, as the number of the species reached
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eleven (BERON & GUÉORGUIEV, 1967; BERON, 1972). Our knowledge on the issue was considerably increased with the fourth reviewing paper of BERON (1994). There are already 20 species from 11 caves listed, 16 of which for the first time in the Eastern Rhodopean caves. The progress is mainly due to the research trips of P. Beron in 1982, and to the incidental collecting activities of the local cavers B. Nuriev and B. Kolev. In the last 13 years, Bulgarian biospeleologists of the younger generation, B. Petrov, P. Stoev, T. Ivanova, N. Simov, A. Georgieva, have been actively exploring the caves in SE Bulgaria, and especially the districts of Haskovo and Kardjali. As a result of these efforts, the invertebrate cave fauna of 33 caves (29 in the District of Kardjali, 3 in the District of Haskovo and 1 in the District of Smolyan) has become known. The history of the biospeleological research in the Greek part of the mountain is even shorter. Invertebrates are now known only from the caves of Koufovouno, Maronia and Avas. Altogether, 25 species have hitherto been recorded from these caves, 17 of which identified on a species level. The chiropterologist K. Bauer was the first to collect invertebrates in the cave of Koufovouno on 10.06.1965. This important bat roost has attracted also some other zoologists like J. Niethammer (in 1971), P. Beron (22.05.1984), T. Ivanova (23.07.1997) and B. Petrov, P. Stoev and S. Beshkov (29.09.2000). One of the most interesting caves in Western Thrace is the Maronia Cave, also known as the cave of the mythical Cyclops Polyphemus. It has long remained outside the attention of biospeleologists. Even prominent collectors like K. Lindberg, P. Strinati and H. Coiffait have missed it while working in Greece. The first visit of biospeleologists was that of P. Beron and V. Beshkov on 01.11.1983. It led to discovery of several new species, among which the troglobites Alpioniscus thracicus Andreev, 1986, Maroniella beroni Casale et Giachino, 1985, and the troglophilic snail Balcanodiscus cerberus Riedel, 1985. T. Ivanova and A. Georgieva visited the cave on 26.07.1997, and B. Petrov, P. Stoev and S. Beshkov on 26.09.2000, collecting additional material. In another trip (on 17.05.1987), P. Beron collected some isopods and millipedes (yet unidentified) in a pothole near the village of Avas (7 km N of Alexandroupoli). The last contribution to the fauna of the region is due to GIACHINO (1995), who considered the phyletic relationships among the genera of family Cholevidae in the Eastern Balkans. Summarizing, 106 species of invertebrates have hitherto been registered in the caves and potholes of the Eastern Rhodopes. Eight of them, Trichoniscus rhodopiense, Alpioniscus thracicus, Maroniella beroni, Bureschiana drenskii, B. thracica, Duvalius sp.n. Guéorguiev, Troglorrhynchus beroni and T. angelovi, are troglobites, restricted only to the region. Given the fact that only a small part of the collected material has been an object of scientific treatment, this number could hardly be considered as a final. Geologic history, volcanism, karst and caves in the Eastern Rhodopes About 3600 sq. km of the Eastern Rhodopes are covered with rocks of volcanic origin. Volcanic formations are common everywhere in the mountain, having been the largest area in the Balkans with prominent volcanic activity during the Paleocene-Oligocene (KOLEV, 1989). Continuous submarine eruptions took place at the bottom of shallow sea, which led to a mixture of several basic layers. After land emerging in the late Tertiary, formation of volcanic landforms initiated and caves of different origin and types were formed.
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Bulgaria The Eastern Rhodopean volcanic caves (e.g. Hs 3, Kr 15, Kr 29) are usually short (525 m), lacking tunnel-like galleries and their temperature, humidity, airflow, CO2 rates, etc., are largely dependent on the outer environments. The longest volcanic cave in Bulgaria is Kodja In (Golyamata Peshtera, Hs 3) (KOLEV, 1989). It has a large entrance (14 m x 5 m) and two large halls (640 sq. m in total). The galleries are generally short (about 51 m), being parallel to the surface. Thus, the cave has neither a typical Eastern Rhodopean cave climate (inside 23.5°C, outside 32°C in August), nor stable humidity levels (GOSPODINOV, 2001). Another bigger volcanic cave is Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), which shelters a large breeding bat colony, with up to 10 000 individuals (IVANOVA & GEORGIEVA, 2004). The lava-limestone caves (e.g. Hs 2, Hs 4, Kr 1) were formed in the contact zone between volcanic and sediment layers. These caves are relatively long and sometimes offer a real cave environment. The Tilki Ini Cave is such an example, harboring rich cavedwelling fauna with several troglobites. Almost all limestone caves in the Eastern Rhodopes were formed during the Early Pleistocene (i.e. 500-800 thousand years ago). Most of the recent karstic caves are relatively small and usually less than 100 m in length. The longest cave is Samara (327 m) (Kr 4). There are only three caves long between 150 m and 400 m (Kr 4, Kr 12, and Kr 17) and four caves between 100 m and 150 m (Hs 2, Kr 2, Kr 22, Kr 26). Most of the remaining ca. 76 karstic caves in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes are less than 100 m (KOLEV, 1991). The deepest pothole in the region is Manaf Koyusyu (-36 m; 46 m total length; Kr 25). Regarding the location of the karstic caves, we follow here the national cave division system proposed by POPOV (1982), who recognized three main regions: Ardino Cave Region (411). It comprises 44 caves located close to the following settlements: Ardino, Nedelino, Kirkovo, Benkovski, Mlechino, Djebel, Byal Izvor and Kardjali. Haskovo Cave Region (412). There are several small caves located close to the villages Madrets, Kralevo and Dolno Cherkovishte. Krumovgrad Cave Region (413). There are ca. 36 caves known in this region. Most of them are located close to the villages Ribino, Byal Kladenets, Oreshari and the town of Ivaylovgrad. The temperature in the inner parts of the caves usually varies between 12°C and 14°C (rarely up to 15°C). Air humidity has its highest values during the winter vs. lowest values in the summer. As a rule, caves with smaller entrances keep higher humidity levels and have stable temperature favoring the presence of rich cave biota. In conclusion, at present, about 82 karstic and ca. 70 volcanic caves are known in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes (KOLEV, 1989, 1991). The geological characteristics of the region are not favorable for the existance of larger caves in this part of the mountain. Greece The caves in the Greek Rhodopes are poorly explored and less known, compared to the Bulgarian part. There are several small caves of volcanic origin in many places throughout the mountain, with highest concentration around Dadia and Provatonas. All of them have the same geophysical characteristics as those described for the Bulgarian ones. The limestone deposits cover relatively small area. The longest karst cave is Maronia (TW 2).
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It is a labyrinthine system with two main entrances, several large halls and temperature of 16°C. Its total underground surface is about 10 000 sq. m, as the length of the passages exceeds 2000 m (PETROCHILOU 1970, 1984). Another cave, deserving a mention, is Koufovouno (TW 1). Being an important bat nursery roost, it is rich in bat guano (IVANOVA & GEORGIEVA, 2004).
Material and methods All the information concerning the invertebrate cave fauna of the investigated region, is reviewed. The cave numbers follow the way of numbering utilized in the fourth essay of the cave fauna of Bulgaria (BERON, 1994) and that of Greece (BERON, in prep.). In order to collect additional material, thirty caves in Bulgaria and three ones in Greece were visited in different seasons. The air temperature was measured at ca. 1 m above the ground. All troglobites are bolded. Abbreviations: BG – Bulgaria; GR – Greece; Gastr. – Gastropoda; Amph. – Amphipoda; Is. – Isopoda; Ps. – Pseudoscorpiones; Opil. – Opiliones; Ar. – Araneae; Chil. – Chilopoda; Dipl. – Diplopoda; Coll. – Collembola; Orth. – Orthoptera; Col. Car. – Carabidae; Col. Cholev. – Cholevidae; Col. Hist. – Histeridae; Col. Staphyl. – Staphylinidae; Col. Curcul. – Curculionidae; Siph. – Siphonaptera; Trich. – Trichoptera; Lepid. – Lepidoptera. A review of the invertebrates recorded in the Eastern Rhodopean caves Annelida Oligochaeta Lumbricidae Eisenia lucens (Waga, 1857) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – BERON & GUÉORGUIEV (1967: 152). Trogloxene. Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Zonitidae Oxychilus depressus (Sterki, 1880) BG: Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) – IRIKOV & DEDOV (2004: 788). Trogloxene. Oxychilus glaber striarius (Westerlund, 1881) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – RIEDEL & URBANSKI (1964: 78); Aina Ini (Kr 12) – (new record, I. Dedov det.). Troglophile.
796
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmaessler, 1838) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – RIEDEL & URBANSKI (1964: 78). Troglophile (?).
Oxychilus urbanskii Riedel, 1963 BG: Aina Ini (Kr 12), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – IRIKOV & DEDOV (2004: 788). Trogloxene. Balcanodiscus cerberus Riedel, 1985 GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – RIEDEL (1985: 142). Troglophile. Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Rossmaessler, 1842) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – RIEDEL & URBANSKI (1964: 21); Inkaya (Kr 6) – RIEDEL (1985: 139); Zandana (Hs 1), Samara (Kr 4), Gouk In (Kr 7) Aina Ini (Kr 12), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Rupata (Kr 16), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Balaka (Kr 24), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Tamnata Peshtera (Kr 27), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DEDOV & PETROV (2003: 39). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – RIEDEL (1985: 139). Troglophile. In the Eastern Rhodopes this species is found only in caves. In the western part of the mountain it occurs outside caves, in proper, more humid habitats (DEDOV & PETROV, 2003). Amphipoda Gammaridae Niphargus sp. BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – (new record). Isopoda Oniscidea Ligidiidae Ligidium herzegovinense Verhoeff, 1901 GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – ANDREEV (1986: 154). Trogloxene. Trichoniscidae Trichoniscus rhodopiense Vandel, 1965 BG: Peshterata (Kr 2) – VANDEL (1965: 258); Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – BERON (1994: 15); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Rupata (Kr 16), Tamnata Peshtera (Kr 27) – ANDREEV (2002: 64). Troglobite. Distribution: Rhodopes Mts., Thassos Island.
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
797
Trichoniscus sp. BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Prilepova Dupka (Kr 13), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Naredenite Kamani (Kr 23), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – ANDREEV (2002: 66). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – (new record). Hyloniscus sp. BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – ANDREEV (2002: 59). Alpioniscus thracicus Andreev, 1986 GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – ANDREEV (1986: 156). Troglobite. Monocyphoniscus bulgaricus Strouhal, 1939 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – VANDEL (1965: 264); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – ANDREEV (1972: 181); Zandana (Hs 1) – ANDREEV (2002: 67). Troglophile? Philosciidae Chaetophiloscia hastata Verhoeff, 1929 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – VANDEL (1965: 264); Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) – ANDREEV (2002: 68). Trogloxene. Plathyarthridae Plathyarthrus hoffmannseggi Brandt, 1833 BG: Maarata (Kr 17) – ANDREEV (2002: 68). Myrmecophile. Cylisticidae Cylisticus convexus (De Geer, 1778) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – ANDREEV (2002: 68). Trogloxene. Arachnida Pseudoscorpiones Chernetidae Allochernes wideri (C.L. Koch, 1843) BG: Prilepnata Peshtera (Kr 29) – PETROV (2004: 162). Trogloxene. Chthoniidae Chthonius sp. BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Karagug (Kr 2), Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Karangil (Kr 5), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Prilepova Dupka (Kr 13), Maarata (Kr 17), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – (new records).
798
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV
Neobisiidae Roncus sp. BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Karadjainler (Hs 3), Karagug (Kr 2), Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Gouk In (Kr 7), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Prilepova Dupka (Kr 13), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), Rupata (Kr 16), Brashlyanovata Peshtera (Kr 19), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22), Naredenite Kamani (Kr 23), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Karangin (Kr 28), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – PETROV (2004: 159). Microbisium sp. BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – PETROV (2004: 156). Acanthocreagris sp. BG: Inkaya (Kr 6) – PETROV (2004: 154). Opilionida Palpatores Phalangiidae Zacheus crista (Brullé, 1832) BG: Gouk In (Kr 7), Zmiyarnika (Kr 8) – BERON (1994: 21). Trogloxene. Araneae Linyphiidae Centromerus lakatnikensis (Drensky, 1931) BG: Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). Trogloxene. Centromerus milleri Deltshev, 1974 BG: Karangil (Kr 5) – DELTSHEV (1974: 81); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 15). Zandana (Hs 1), Karagug (Kr 2), Dupkata (Kr 9), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Prilepnata Peshtera (Kr 29) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). Troglophile. Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Brashlyanovata Peshtera (Kr 19), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 18). Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). Troglophile. Palliduphantes istrianus (Kulczynski, 1914) BG: Rupata (Kr 16) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). Troglophile.
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
799
Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Hladilnata Peshtera (Kr 18) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 16); Karangin (Kr 28), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 186). Regular trogloxene. Tetragnathidae Meta bourneti Simon, 1922 BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 8), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Balaka (Kr 24) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 20); Karangil (Kr 5), Gouk In (Kr 7), Zmiyarnika (Kr 8) – (new records, D. Dimitrov det.). Troglophile. Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – DELTSHEV (1970: 91); Mechkina Dupka (Kr 21) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 20); Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 187); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Gouk In (Kr 7), Zmiyarnika (Kr 8) – (new records, D. Dimitrov det.). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1), Maronia Cave (TW 2) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 187). Troglophile. Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 187). Troglophile. Nesticidae Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757) BG: Aina Ini (Kr 12), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Rupata (Kr 16), Maarata (Kr 17), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 13-14); Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 185). Troglophile. Liocranidae Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) BG: Prilepnata Peshtera (Kr 29), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – DELTSHEV et al. (2004: 189). Trogloxene. Agelenidae Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1873 BG: Anifena Propast (Kr 10) – DELTSHEV (1982: 101). Regular trogloxene.
800
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Theridiidae Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) BG: Aina Ini (Kr 12) – DELTSHEV et al. (2003: 14). Trogloxene.
Acari Ixodida Ixodidae Ixodes vespertilionis C.L. Koch, 1844 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Gouk In (Kr 7), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) (new records, P. Beron det.). Parasite. Myriapoda Chilopoda Scutigeromorpha Scutigeridae Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Gouk In (Kr 7) – STOEV (2004b: 208). Trogloxene. Lithobiomorpha Lithobiidae Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus (Latzel, 1882) BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20) – STOEV (2001: 49). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – STOEV (2004a: 83). Troglophile or regular trogloxene. Eupolybothrus sp. BG: Rupata (Kr 16), Maarata (Kr 17) – STOEV (2001: 49). Lithobius (s.str.) lakatnicensis Verhoeff, 1926 BG: Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – STOEV (2001: 34). Troglobite. Lithobius (s.str.) viriatus Sselivanoff, 1878 GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – MATIC & STAVROPOULOS (1988: 42). Trogloxene. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes L. Koch, 1862 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – BERON (1994: 36); Kodja In (Hs 2) – STOEV (2001: 43). Troglophile. Lithobius (Sigibius) cf. apfelbecki Verhoeff, 1900 BG: Zandana (Hs 1) – STOEV (2001: 43).
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes Lithobius (Sigibius) beroni Negrea, 1965 BG: Rupata (Kr 16), Karangin (Kr 28) – STOEV (2001: 44). Trogloxene. Pleurolithobius patriarchalis (Berlese, 1894) BG: Zmiyarnika (Kr 8), Prilepova Dupka (Kr 13) – STOEV (2001: 47). Trogloxene. Harpolithobius banaticus rhodopensis Kaczmarek, 1975 BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Aina Ini (Kr 12) – STOEV (2001: 46). Trogloxene. Scolopendromorpha Scolopendridae Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Zmiyarnika (Kr 8), Rupata (Kr 16) – STOEV (2001: 33). Trogloxene. Cryptops parisi Brolemann, 1920 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – STOEV (2001: 33). Trogloxene. Geophilomorpha Geophilidae Clinopodes f lavidus C.L. Koch, 1847 BG: Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20) – STOEV (2001: 32). Trogloxene. Schendylidae Schendyla sp. BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20) – STOEV (2001: 33). Diplopoda Glomerida Glomeridae Glomeris balcanica Verhoeff, 1906 BG: Maarata (Kr 17), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20) – STOEV (2004b: 213). Trogloxene. Doderiidae Trachysphaera costata (Waga, 1857) BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – BERON (1994: 37). Troglophile.
801
802
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV
Trachysphaera sp. BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Rupata (Kr 16), Brashlyanovata Peshtera (Kr 19), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – (new records). Polydesmida Polydesmidae Polydesmus herzogowinensis Verhoeff, 1897 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – STOEV (2004b: 214). Trogloxene. Paradoxosomatidae Metonomastus pomak Golovatch et Stoev, 2004 BG: Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22) – GOLOVATCH & STOEV (2004: 200). Troglophile. Metonomastus sp. BG: Prilepova Dupka (Kr 13) – STOEV (2004b: 215). Troglophile. Callipodida Schizopetalidae Balkanopetalum petrovi Stoev et Enghoff, 2003 BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – STOEV & ENGHOFF (2003: 12). Troglophile. Julida Julidae Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina Strasser, 1966 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1), Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – STRASSER (1966: 362). Troglophile. Rhodopiella beroni (Strasser, 1966) BG: Karangil (Kr 5), Gouk In (Kr 7), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Maarata (Kr 17) – STOEV (2004b). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – BERON (in prep.). Endogeic. Insecta Collembola Hypogastruridae Hypogastrura purpurescens (Lubbock, 1867) BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – THIBAUD (1995: 22).
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
803
Onychiuridae Onychiurus variabilis Stach, 1954 BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – THIBAUD (1995: 22). Orthoptera Rhaphidophoridae Troglophilus neglectus Krauss, 1879 BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – PETROV & STOEV (1997); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Naredenite Kamani (Kr 23), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – POPOV & CHOBANOV (2004: 267). Troglophile. Gryllidae Gryllomorpha dalmatina (Ocskay, 1832) BG: Zmiyarnika (Kr 8), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Naredenite Kamani (Kr 23) – PETROV & STOEV (1997); Gouk In (Kr 7), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Rupata (Kr 16) – POPOV & CHOBANOV (2004: 268). Trogloxene. Discoptila buresi Mařan, 1958 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – PETROV & STOEV (1997). Trogloxene. Coleoptera Carabidae Trechus austriacus Dejean, 1831 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 386). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1), Maronia Cave (TW 2) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 386). Troglophile. Trechus crucifer La Brûlerie, 1875 BG: Zandana (Hs 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (In press). Trogloxene. Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) BG: Karangil (Kr 5) – BERON (1994: 45). Trogloxene - muscicole. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) sp. n. Guéorguiev, in press BG: Zandana (Hs 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (In press). Troglobite. Duvalius (Paraduvalius) cf. sp. n. Guéorguiev, in press BG: Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – GUÉORGUIEV (In press). Troglobite.
804
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV
Laemostenus (Pristonychus) cimmerius s.l. (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832) (= terricola punctatus Dejean, 1828 auct.) BG: Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3), Dupkata (Kr 9) – BERON (1994: 46); Kodja In (Hs 2), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20), Vodnata Peshtera (Kr 21), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22), Manaf Koyusyu (Kr 25) – GUEORGUIEV (2004: 395); Karangil (Kr 5) – (new record, B. Guéorguiev det.). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 395). Regular trogloxene. According to CASALE (1988: 809) L. cimmerius is “regolamento troglofilo e guanofilo”. Laemostenus (Actenipus) plasoni plasoni (Reitter, 1885) BG: Varlidolskata Peshtera (Kr 11) – BERON (1994: 47); Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Aina Ini (Kr 12), Rupata (Kr 16), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 395). Troglophile. Agonum angustatum Dejean, 1828 BG: Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 393). Trogloxene. Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) nigrita (Paykull, 1790) BG: Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 394). Trogloxene. Staphylinidae Atheta macroptera Bernhauer, 1913 BG: Karangil (Kr 5) – BERON (1994: 49). Troglophile – guanobite. Pselaphidae Bryaxis sp. GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – BESUCHET (1993: 228). Cholevidae Nargus badius s.l. (Sturm, 1839) BG: Varlidolskata Peshtera (Kr 11), Mechkina Dupka (Kr 20) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 399). Subtroglophile. Anemadus graecus (Kraatz, 1870) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Maarata (Kr 17), Hladilnata Peshtera (Kr 18) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 398). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 398). Troglophile.
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
805
Catopsimorphus orientalis (Aubé, 1850) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 399). Trogloxene. Bureschiana drenskii V. Guéorguiev, 1963 BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (1963: 394); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – BERON & GUÉORGUIEV (1967: 175). Troglobite. Bureschiana cf. drenskii V. Guéorguiev, 1963 BG: Zandana (Hs 1) – GUÉORGUIEV (In press). Troglobite. Bureschiana thracica s.l. Giachino, 1989 BG: Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – GUÉORGUIEV (2004: 400). Troglobite. Maroniella beroni Casale et Giachino, 1985 GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – CASALE & GIACHINO (1985: 228). Troglobite. Curculionidae Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, 1985 BG: Inkaya (Kr 6) – ANGELOV (1985: 74); Hasarskata Peshtera (Kr 3) – GUÉORGUIEV & PETROV (2004: 458). Troglobite. Troglorrhynchus angelovi Guéorguiev, 2004 BG: Zandana (Hs 1); Prilepnata Peshtera (Kr 29) – GUÉORGUIEV & PETROV (2004: 455). Troglobite. Histeridae Gnathoncus nannetensis Marsham, 1862 BG: Karangin (Kr 28) – CHECHLAROV (2004: 416). Troglophile? Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius, 1775) BG: Karangin (Kr 28) – CHECHLAROV (2004: 415). Trogloxene. Siphonaptera Ischnopsyllidae Rhinolophopsylla unipectinata (Taschenberg, 1800) BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – SKURATOWICZ et al. (1982: 105). Parasite.
806
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV
Diptera Phoridae Triphleba antricola (Schmitz, 1918) BG: Gouk In (Kr 7), Rupata (Kr 16), Belopolyanskata Peshtera (Kr 22), Vodnata Peshtera (Sm 50) – LANGOUROV (2001: 34); Karagug (Kr 2), Karangil (Kr 5), Tamnata Peshtera (Kr 27) – LANGOUROV (2004: 761). Troglophile. Heleomyzidae Heleomyza captiosa (Gorodkov, 1962) BG: Karagug (Kr 2) – BERON (1994: 53). Subtroglophile. Nycteribiidae Nycteribia (Nycteribia) schmidli Schinner, 1853 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – NOVOSAD et al. (1987: 678-680). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – HŮRKA (1972: 710); KOCK (1974: 93). Parasite. Nycteribia (Nycteribia) latreillei (Leach, 1817) GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – KOCK (1974: 91). It is a parasite mainly on bats of the genus Myotis. Nycteribia (Nycteribia) pedicularia Latreille, 1805 GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – HŮRKA (1972: 710); KOCK (1974: 92). Parasite. Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) vexata Westwood, 1835 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – NOVOSAD et al. (1987: 682). GR: Koufovouno cave (TW 1) – HŮRKA (1972: 710); KOCK (1974: 94). Parasite. Phthiridium biarticulatum (Hermann, 1804) BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – NOVOSAD et al. (1987: 683). Parasite. Penicillidia (Penicillidia) dufouri (Westwood, 1835) BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – NOVOSAD et al. (1987: 686). Parasite. Penicillidia (Neopenicillidia) conspicus Speiser, 1904 BG: Dupkata (Kr 9) – NOVOSAD et al. (1987: 684-685). Parasite.
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
807
Streblidae Brachytarsina f lavipennis Macquart, 1851 BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – (new records). It is a parasite on bats of the genus Rhinolophus. Second record for Bulgaria. Trichoptera Limnephilidae Micropterna malaspina Schmid, 1955 BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – KUMANSKI (2004: 521). GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – KUMANSKI (2004: 521). Regular trogloxene. Mesophylax impunctatus Mc Lachlan, 1884 BG: Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – (new record K. Kumanski det.). Regular trogloxene. Lepidoptera Tineidae Monopis laevigella ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775) BG: Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – BESHKOV & PETROV (1996: 434). Subtroglophile. Monopis obviella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) BG: Karangil (Kr 5) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 538). Subtroglophile. Acrolepiidae Digitivalva pulicariae (Klimesch, 1956) BG: Karagug (Kr 2), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 538). Subtroglophile? Alucitidae Alucita cymatodactyla Zeller, 1852 BG: Gouk In (Kr 7), Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), Maarata (Kr 17) – BESHKOV & PETROV (1996: 435-436); Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 539). Subtroglophile. Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859 GR: Koufovouno Cave (TW 1) – BESHKOV & WEGNER (2004: 679). Troglophile. Nymphalidae Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Gyaurhambar (Kr 26), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 539). Trogoxene.
808
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Geometridae Xanthorhoe oxybiata (Millière, 1872) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 539). Regular trogloxene. Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Gouk In (Kr 7) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 539). Trogloxene.
Noctuidae Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Gouk In (Kr 7), Maarata (Kr 17) – BESHKOV & PETROV (1996: 442-443); Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 593). Subtroglophile. Hypena palpalis (Hübner, 1796) BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 540). Trogloxene or Subtroglophile. Hypena rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) BG: Yarasa Ini (Kr 15), Maarata (Kr 17) – BESHKOV & PETROV (1996: 440-441). Regular trogloxene. Autophila limbata Staudinger, 1871 BG: Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004: 539). Subtroglophile. Pyrois effusa (Boisduval, [1828]) BG: Karagug (Kr 2), Zlatnata Yama (Kr 14), Gyaurhambar (Kr 26) – BESHKOV & LANGOUROV (2004). GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) – BESHKOV & WEGNER (2004: 700). Trogloxene.
List of the caves in the Eastern Rhodopes with known invertebrate fauna BULGARIA Haskovo – Hs Hs 1. Zandana - cave 3 km W of Dolno Cherkovishte Village, 200 m from the bridge, on the left bank of Arda River, entrance - 1.0 × 0.40 m. Alt. ca. 300 m. Length ca. 76 m, on the principal axis 43 m. Denivelation: - 18 m. It’s a winter hibernation roost of many bats. Visited on 21.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 09.02.1998 (B. Petrov); 11.04.2002 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova).
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
809
Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Monocyphoniscus bulgaricus, Trichoniscus sp. Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Ar.: Centromerus milleri Chil.: Lithobius cf. apfelbecki, Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus, Harpolithobius banaticus rhodopensis Col. Car.: Duvalius sp. n. Guéorguiev, in press, Trechus crucifer Col. Cholev.: Bureschiana cf. drenskii Col. Curcul.: Troglorrhynchus angelovi Dipt. Streblidae: Brachytarsina flavipennis (host: Rhinolophus blasii) Hs 2. Kodja In (Golyamata Peshtera) – the longest volcanic cave in the Eastern Rhodopes located near Byal Kladenets Village. Length ca. 51 m. Denivelation: +5 m. Visited on 12.06.1999 (B. Petrov, B. Barov). Chil.: Lithobius crassipes Col.: Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius Hs 3. Karadjainler (Sarnenata) – cave near Byal Kladenets Village. Visited on 10.10.1995 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev). Ps.: Roncus sp. Kardjali – Kr Kr 1. Tilki Ini - cave near Ostrovitsa Village. Alt. 220 (285) m. Length ca. 36 m. Temp. 13-14oC. Visited on 8.09.1960, 15.07.1962 (P. Beron), 17.11.1991 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova); 01.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 13.10.1996 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 03.08.1999 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus, Oxychilus glaber striarius, O. hydatinus Olig.: Eisenia lucens Is.: Monocyphoniscus bulgaricus, Chaetophiloscia hastata Ps.: Chthonius sp. Ar.: Lepthyphantes leprosus, Porrhomma convexum, Meta menardi Acari: Ixodes vespertilionis Dipl.: Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina Chil.: Schendyla sp., Cryptops hortensis Orth.: Discoptila bureschi Col. Cholev.: Bureschiana drenskii Lepid.: Monopis laevigella, Alucita cymmatodactyla Kr 2. Karagug (syn. Peshterata) - cave near Tarnovtsi Village. Alt. 345 m. Length ca. 105 m. Denivelation: -10 m. Temp. 14oC. Underground stream. Visited on 10.08.1960 (P. Beron), 27.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 22.10.2003 (B. Petrov, P. Beron). Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp., Microbisium sp. Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Metellina merianae
810
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Coll.: Hypogastrura purpurescens, Onychiurus variabilis Orth.: Troglophilus neglectus Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola Dipt. Heleomyzidae: Heleomyza captiosa Lepid.: Digitivalva pulicariae, Pyrois effusa
Kr 3. Hasarskata Peshtera - cave near Gorna Snezhinka Village. Alt. 220 m. Length 97 m. Temp. 12oC. Wet clay; bat guano. Visited on 18.11.1991 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova); 13.10.1996 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 03.08.1999 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Monocyphoniscus bulgaricus, Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Lepthyphantes leprosus, Meta menardi Ps.: Chthonius sp. Dipl.: Apfelbeckiella trnowensis rhodopina Orth.: Troglophilus neglectus Col. Car.: Duvalius cf. sp. n. Guéorguiev, in press, Laemostenus cimmerius Col. Curcul.: Troglorrhynchus beroni Col. Cholev.: Bureschiana drenskii Kr 4. Samarskata Peshtera (Samara) - cave near Ribino Village. Alt. 410 m. Length 327 m. Temp. 7.5oC (the chamber with the bats). Visited on 21.04.1995 (B. Petrov); 11.10.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev), 20.09.1996 (T. Ivanova), 03.01.1997 (T. Ivanova), 10.02.1998 (B. Petrov, G. Stoyanov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Amph.: Niphargus sp. Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense, Cylisticus convexus Ps.: Roncus sp. Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Porrhomma convexum, Meta bourneti Dipl.: Trachysphaera sp., Balkanopetalum petrovi Col. Car.: Laemostenus plasoni Col. Cholev.: Catopsimorphus orientalis, Anemadus graecus Dipt. Streblidae: Brachytarsina flavipennis (host: Rhinolophus blasii) Trich.: Micropterna malaspina Lep.: Scoliopteryx libatrix, Autophila limbata, Hypena palpalis Kr 5. Karangil – two-storey cave near Shiroko pole Village. Alt. 340 m. Length 250 m. Denivelation: +22 m. Visited on 01.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 10.08.1995 (B. Petrov), 13.06.1999 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 21.10.2003 (B. Petrov, P. Beron). Ar.: Meta bourneti, Nesticus cellulanus, Centromerus milleri, Porrhomma sp. Ps.: Chthonius sp. Dipl.: Rhodopiella beroni Col. Car.: Trechus quadristriatus, Laemostenus cimmerius Col. Staphyl.: Atheta macroptera Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola Lepid.: Monopis obviella
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
811
Kr 6. Inkaya - cave near Tsvyatovo Village (Kadakioy Area). Length 24 m. Visited on: 6.06.1982 (P. Beron). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Ps.: Acanthocreagris sp. Col. Curcul.: Troglorrhynchus beroni Kr 7. Gouk In (Razklonenata Peshtera) - cave near Oreshari Village, Dishlik Dere Area. Alt. 380 m. Length 59 m. Denivelation: +5 m. Visited on 03.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 21.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 12.06.1999 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 27.04.2002 (B. Petrov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Ps.: Roncus sp. Opil.: Zacheus crista Ar.: Meta menardi, M. bourneti, Nesticus cellulanus Acari: Ixodes vespertilionis Chil.: Scutigera coleoptrata Dipl.: Rhodopiella beroni Orth.: Gryllomorpha dalmatina Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola Lepid.: Alucita cymatodactyla, Scoliopteryx libatrix, Autophila sp., Triphosa dubitata Kr 8. Zmiyarnika (syn. Peshterata pri Kodja Kad cf. BERON, 1994; BERON & MITOV, 1996) - cave near Belopolyane Village. Length 18 m. Dry; clay. Visited on 06.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 27.04.1995 (B. Petrov, B. Barov). Opil.: Zacheus crista Ar.: Meta menardi, M. bourneti Chil.: Pleurolithobius patriarchalis, Cryptops hortensis Orth.: Gryllomorpha dalmatina Kr 9. Dupkata – cave in the city park of Ivaylovgrad. Alt. 270 m. Length 32 m. Denivelation: -8 m. Visited on 06.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 27.04.1995 (B. Petrov); 23.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 23.04.1999 (B. Petrov). Is.: Hyloniscus sp. Ar.: Centromerus milleri Chil.: Lithobius crassipes, Cryptops parisi Dipl.: Trachysphaera costata, Polydesmus herzogowinensis Col. Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius, Trechus austriacus Dipt.: Nycterib.: Nycteribia schmidli, N. vexata, Penicillidia conspicua, P. dufouri Siph.: Rhinolophopsylla unipectinata Kr 10. Anifena Propast - cave near Barziya Village. Ar.: Tegenaria silvestris Kr 11. Varlidolskata Peshtera - cave near Fotinovo Village, Varlidol Area. Visited on 07.06.1982 (P. Beron). Col. Car.: Laemostenus plasoni
812
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Col. Cholev.: Nargus badius
Kr 12. Aina Ini (Ogledalnata Peshtera) - cave near Ribino Village. Alt. 340 m. Length 157 m. Denivelation: -8 m. Temp. 11oC (on the bottom). Visited on 11.10.1995 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 10.02.1998 (B. Petrov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus, Oxychilus glaber striarius Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Nesticus cellulanus, Steatoda triangulosa, Meta bourneti Dipl..: Balkanopetalum petrovi Chil.: Harpolithobius banaticus rhodopensis Orth.: Gryllomorpha dalmatina Col. Car.: Laemostenus plasoni Kr 13. Prilepova Dupka - cave near Dolno Lukovo Village. Length 15 m. Denivelation: -5 m. Visited on 23.04.1999 (B. Petrov); 05.11.1999 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov). Is.: Trichoniscus sp. Ar.: Centromerus sp., Meta sp. Dipl.: Metonomastus sp. Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Chil.: Pleurolithobius patriarchalis Kr 14. Zlatnata Yama (Kremenskata Peshtera) - cave near Kremen Village. Alt. 250 m. Length 50 m. Denivelation: -5 m. Visited on 27.04.996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 20.07.1996 (T. Ivanova, T. Troanski); 07.11.1999 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 23.10.2003 (B. Petrov, P. Beron). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ps.: Roncus sp. Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Meta bourneti Dipl.: Balkanopetalum petrovi, Rhodopiella beroni, Trachysphaera sp. Chil.: Lithobius lakatnicensis Orth.: Gryllomorpha dalmatina, Troglophilus neglectus Col. Car.: Agonum angustatum, Pterostichus nigritus Lepid.: Inachis io, Pyrois effusa Trich.: Mesophylax impunctatus Kr 15. Yarasa Ini (Prilepnata Peshtera) - volcanic cave near Sredna Arda Railway Station. Length ca. 15 m. Height - up to 4 m. Width ca. 8-9 m. Bat guano; wet clay. Visited on 16.11.1991 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova); 31.03.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 10.08.1995 (B. Petrov); 12.10.1996 (B. Petrov). Ps.: Roncus sp. Chil.: Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus Lepid.: Alucita cymatodactyla, Hypena rostralis
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
813
Kr 16. Rupata - cave near Egrek Village. Alt. 480 m. Length ca. 40 m. Denivelation: ca. -8 m. Temp. 14-15oC. Wet clay; bat guano; dripping water. Visited on 11.11.1992 (P. Beron); 07.11.1999 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 12.12.2000 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Palliduphantes istrianus Ps.: Roncus sp. Chil.: Eupolybothrus sp., Lithobius beroni, Cryptops hortensis Dipl.: Trachysphaera sp. Orth.: Gryllomorpha dalmatina Col. Car.: Laemostenus plasoni Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola Kr 17. Maarata - cave near Madrets Village (1.5 km NW of Madrets), Kicherlika Area. Paleogene limestone. Alt. ca. 385 m. Length ca. 114.5 m, on the principle axis 68.8 m. Four entrances. Height of the chamber with the bats ca. 7 m. Many stalactites; humid; dripping water. Visited on 10.10.1995 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 12.10.1996 (B. Petrov, B. Barov). Is.: Platyarthrus hoffmannseggi Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus Ps.: Chthonius sp. Chil.: Eupolybothrus sp. Dipl.: Glomeris balcanica, Rhodopiella beroni Col. Car.: Anemadus graecus Lepid.: Alucita cymatodactyla, Hypena rostralis, Scoliopteryx libatrix Kr 18. Hladilnata Peshtera - cave near Lyubino Village. Alt. 500 m. Length 10 m. Denivelation: -1 m. Temp. 9-12oC. Visited on 02.08.1999 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov). Ar.: Lepthyphantes leprosus Col. Cholev.: Anemadus graecus Kr 19. Brashlyanovata Peshtera (Sarmashak Ini) - cave near Ribino Village. Alt. 350 m. Length 50 m. Denivelation: -16 m. Visited on 07.06.1995 (T. Ivanova). Ar.: Porrhomma convexum, Nesticus cellulanus Ps.: Roncus sp. Dipl.: Trachysphaera sp. Kr 20. Mechkina Dupka – 1 km E of Beli Dol Village, on the bank of Byala Reka River. Alt. ca. 155 m. Length 57 m. Denivelation: -12 m. Entrance - 0.70 × 0.90 m. Wet clay; bat guano; permanent lake (1.0 × 3.0 m) on the bottom. Visited on 24.04.1995 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 22.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 15.04.1998 (B. Petrov, B. Barov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Trichoniscus sp. Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Nesticus cellulanus, Meta menardi, Porrhomma convexum Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Chil.: Clinopodes flavidus, Schendyla sp., Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus
814
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Dipl.: Glomeris balcanica, Trachysphaera sp. Col. Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius Col. Cholev.: Nargus badius
Kr 21. Vodnata Peshtera - cave near Kobilyane Village, Chitashko Area. Alt. 580 m. Length 81 m. Denivelation: -24 m. Visited on 12.02.1998 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova); 28.07.1999 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus, Oxychilus urbanskii Ps.: Roncus sp. Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Porrhomma convexum Col. Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius Kr 22. Belopolyanskata Peshtera (syn. Kodja Kaya, Peshterata pri Kodja Kaya (not “Kad”, cf. BERON, 1994)] – cave near Belopolyane Village, at Kodja Kaya Hill. Length 140 m. Denivelation: - 8 m. Wet clay; bat guano; fox droppings. Visited on 06.04.1992 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov); 27.04.1995 (B. Petrov, B. Barov); 23.04.1996 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev); 11.06.1999 (B. Petrov, B. Barov). Gastr.: Oxychilus hydatinus, Oxychilus depressus Is.: Chaetophiloscia hastata Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Centromerus lakatnikensis, Meta bourneti Ps.: Roncus sp. Acari: Ixodes vespertilionis Dipl.: Metonomastus pomak, Trachysphaera sp. Col. Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius, Trechus sp. Dipt. Phoridae.: Triphleba antricola Lepid.: Scoliopteryx libatrix Kr 23. Naredenite Kamani – cave near Shumnatitsa Village. Length ca. 45 m. Denivelation: -3 m. Visited on 20.04.1995 (B. Petrov). Is.: Trichoniscus sp. Ps.: Roncus sp. Orth.: Troglophilus neglectus, Gryllomorpha dalmatina Kr 24. Balaka – cave near Ribino Village, Kondjalar Area. Visited on 07.06.1995 (T. Ivanova). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Ar.: Meta bourneti Kr 25. Manaf Koyusyu - cave near Byala Polyana Village. The deepest pothole in the Eastern Rhodopes. Alt. 400 m. Length 46 m. Denivelation: -36 m. Wet clay; bat guano. Visited on 08.02.1998 (B. Petrov, T. Ivanova). Col. Car.: Laemostenus cimmerius Kr 26. Gyaurhambar – cave near Ridino village. Alt. ca 600 m. Length 112 m. Denivelation: -11 m. Temp. 10°C. Underground stream; dry clay; bat guano. Visited on 12.12.2000 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov).
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
815
Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Porrhomma covexum, Meta menardi Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Orth.: Troglophilus neglectus Lepid.: Scoliopteryx libatrix, Autophila limbata, Pyrois effusa, Digitivalva pulicariae, Inachis io Kr 27. Tamnata Peshtera (syn. Nameless cave near Svetulka) - cave near Svetulka Village. Alt. 750 m. Length 30 m. Wet clay; rotten logs. Visited on 29.08.2001 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Trichoniscus rhodopiense Ar.: Nesticus sp. Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola Kr 28. Karangin - cave in the Oreshari Protected Site near Oreshari Village. Alt. 280 m. Length 24 m. Rich in bat guano. Visited on 20.07.1998 (N. Simov); 10.12.2000 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov). Ps.: Roncus sp. Ar.: Lepthyphantes leprosus Chil.: Lithobius beroni Col. Hist.: Gnathoncus nannetensis, Margarinotus brunneus Kr 29. Prilepnata Peshtera – volcanic cave in Gyurgen Dere Valley near village Gaberovo. Length 9 m. Rich in bat guano. Visited on 17.06.1996 (P. Stoev, T. Ivanova); 09.02.1998 (B. Petrov); 10.05.1998 (B. Petrov); 09.12.2000 (B. Petrov). Ps.: Allochernes wideri Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Liocranum rupicola Col. Curcul: Troglorrhynchus angelovi Smolyan – Sm Sm 50. Vodnata Peshtera - cave near Nedelino Village, Godumovi Kolibi Area. Alt. 700 m. Length 203 m. Denivelation: ca. - 4 m. Temp. 12oC. Underground stream; wet clay; bat guano. Visited on 31.07.1999 (B. Petrov, V. Beshkov); 12.12.2000 (B. Petrov, S. Beshkov, M. Langourov). Gastr.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus, Oxychilus urbanskii Is.: Trichoniscus sp. Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Ar.: Nesticus cellulanus, Porrhomma convexum, Lepthyphantes leprosus, Meta menardi, Liocranum rupicola Dipl.: Trachysphaera sp. Orth.: Troglophilus neglectus Col. Car.: Laemostenus plasoni Col. Cholev.: Bureschiana thracica Dipt. Phoridae: Triphleba antricola
816
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV
GREECE Western Thrace - TW TW 1. Koufovouno Cave (syn. Cave of Coufovouno, “Kouvobono”, “Höhle bei Didymotichon”) - cave 3.5 km of Didimotihon and 1.5 km of Koufovouno Village. Alt. 150 m. Length ca. 100-150 m. Rich in bat guano; wet clay. Visited on 22.05.1984 (P. Beron); 23.07.1997 (T. Ivanova); 29.09.2000 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov). Gast.: Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus Is.: Haplophthalminae gen. sp.; Trichoniscus sp. Ar.: Meta menardi, Metellina merianae, Nesticus cellulanus, Palliduphantes istrianus. Ps.: Chthonius sp., Roncus sp. Chil.: Eupolybothrus transsylvanicus Dipl.: Rhodopiella beroni Col. Car.: Trechus austriacus, Laemostenus cimmerius Col. Psel.: Bryaxis sp. Col. Cholev.: Anemadus graecus Trich.: Micropterna malaspina Lepid.: Alucita huebneri TW 2. Maronia Cave1 (Cave of the Cyclops, Cave of Kyklops Polifimos) - cave 4 km of Maronia Village. Length over 2000 m. Very wet; stalagmites; several pools. Alt. 190 m. Visited on 1.10.1983 (P. Beron, V. Beshkov) 26.09.2000 (B. Petrov, P. Stoev, S. Beshkov). Gast.: Balcanodiscus cerberus Is.: Alpioniscus thracicus, Ligidium germanicum Ar.: Centromerus milleri, Tegenaria sp., Meta menardi Chil.: Lithobius viriatus Col. Car.: Trechus austriacus Col. Cholev.: Maroniella beroni Lepid.: Pyrois effusa TW 3. Avanos Cave2 – pothole near the quarry of Avas Village, 7 km N of Alexandropouli. Alt. 150 m. Deep 9-10 m. Two small horizontal galleries. Humid. Visited on 17.05.1987 (P. Beron). Is.: Trichoniscidae indet. (?Trichoniscus sp.) Dipl.: Julida indet.
Zoogeography If we consider the subdivision of the Balkan Peninsula into biospeleological zones and provinces proposed by GUÉORGUIEV (1977), we shall conclude that the East Rhodopean Zone, outlined by him, is considerably larger than the territory, discussed here. In 1
The description of the cave can be found in PETROCHILOU (1970, 1984). ILIOPOULU-GEORGUDAKI (1983) mentioned that the cave of “Avanhos” or “Avantos” has been destroyed by the local mine. This record, however, should perhaps be referred to another cave in the region. 2
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
817
his notable monograph, this zone includes, besides the Eastern Rhodopes sensu stricto, also a part of the Western Rhodopes (the karstic areas of Dobrostan, Yagodina, Orehovo and Mostovo), Sakar and Strandja (in Bulgaria and Turkey). At the same time, the West Rhodopean Zone of Guéorguiev stretches from Central Serbia to the Halkidiki Peninsula and from Vardar to Mesta, including East Macedonia and the valley of Struma. It is not the aim of this paper to challenge Guéorguiev’s subdivision, which is based on multiple paleogeographical and zoological data. We shall limit ourselves to comparing the cave faunas of the Eastern and the Western Rhodopes, as well to comparing the East Rhodopean cave invertebrates to those of neighbouring regions. According to GUÉORGUIEV (1977), troglobite indicators for the East-Rhodopean Zone are: on generic level Apfelbeckiella (Rhodopiella), Rhodopiola, Bureschiana and on species level Balkanoniscus (now Rhodopioniscus) beroni, Trichoniscus rhodopiense, T. valkanovi, Rhodoposoma meridionale, Rh. tridentifer, Apfelbeckiella (Rhodopiella) beroni, Lithobius tiasnatensis, Rhodopiola cavicola and Bureschiana drenskii. It is worth mentioning that the underlined taxa are actually from the Western Rhodopes and from Strandja – Sakar and are unknown from the Eastern Rhodopes (s. str.). At the same time, when his monograph was finished (by the end of 1976), some of the troglobites of the Bulgarian and the Greek Eastern Rhodopes had not yet been described (Maroniella beroni, Alpioniscus thracicus, Duvalius sp.n. Guéorguiev, Troglorrhynchus beroni, Troglorrhynchus angelovi). Also, Phodopiella beroni is excluded from the list of troglobites being often found outside caves (cf. Stoev, 2004b). GUÉORGUIEV (1979) concluded that the Rilo-Rhodopean region is the second richest in troblobites region in Bulgaria, surpassed only by that of the Stara Planina Mts. And finally, GUÉORGUIEV (1992), using the index of Czekanowski–Sörensen, proceeded further with a zoogeographycal analysis of the Bulgarian cave fauna, although he did not consider the Rhodopean Zone. Comparive analysis of the cave invertebrates of the Eastern Rhodopes with these of the neighbouring regions Eastern and Western Rhodopes. The Western Rhodopes (geographically speaking, not the West Rhodopean Biospeleological Zone of GUÉORGUIEV, 1977) are much higher and wetter mountain, covered with coniferous forests and by far richer in caves. Furthermore, the dimensions of the caves are bigger. Twenty species of terrestrial troglobites have so far been recorded in the Western Rhodopes (also five stygobites vs. one in the Eastern Rhodopes). Below is the comparison between the terrestrial troglobites of the two regions: Western Rhodopes Cordioniscus schmallfussi Trichoniscus petrovi Trichoniscus raitshevi Trichoniscus rhodopiense Rhodopioniscus beroni Bulgaronethes haplophthalmoides
Eastern Rhodopes
Trichoniscus rhodopiense
Alpioniscus thracicus Troglohyphantes drenskii
818
P. BERON, B. PETROV, P. STOEV Lithobius stygius Lithobius lakatnicensis Western Rhodopes Lithobius rushovensis Troglodicus meridionale Troglodicus tridentifer Rhodoposoma rhodopinum Stygiosoma beroni Anamastigona lepenicae Plusiocampa cf. beroni Plusiocampa bulgarica Pseudosinella duodecimocellata Duvalius bureschi Rhodopiola cavicola
Lithobius lakatnicensis Eastern Rhodopes
Duvalius sp. n. Guéorguiev Maroniella beroni Bureschiana drenskii Bureschiana thracica Troglorrhynchus beroni Troglorrhynchus angelovi
As we can see from the table, there are only two species, Trichoniscus rhodopiense and Lithobius lakatnicensis, occuring in the caves of the both parts of the mountain. Eastern Rhodopes and Strandja – Sakar. The cave fauna between the river of Maritsa and the Black Sea is rather poor. So far, only four troglobite species – Trichoniscus valkanovi Andreev, T. beroni Andreev, Lithobius tiasnatensis Matic and Porrhomma microps (Roewer), are recorded from the area. None of them is known from the Rhodopes. Bulgarian and Greek Eastern Rhodopes. The insufficient information existing for the cave fauna of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes does not allow more comprehensive analysis. However, one could easily see the similarities between both regions, even on a species level. In the same time, the Greek fauna is chracterized by some particular taxa such as Alpioniscus thracicus Andreev and Maroniella beroni Casale et Giachino. The genera Balcanodiscus and Bureschiana are represented by different species on the two sides of the Bulgarian-Greek border. No cave curculionids have so far been registered in the Greek Rhodopes, while two species are known in the Bulgarian part. It is very likely that species like Balkanopetalum petrovi, Metonomastus pomak, Centromerus milleri and Duvalius sp. n. occur in propriate habitats on the Greek side of the mountain, too. Endemics So far, 12 endemic species are known from the caves of the Eastern Rhodopes: Gastropoda – Balcanodiscus cerberus Riedel, Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus (Rossmaessler) Isopoda – Alpioniscus thracicus Andreev Araneae – Centromerus milleri Deltshev Diplopoda – Balkanopetalum petrovi Stoev et Enghoff, Metonomastus pomak Golovatch et Stoev
The Invertebrate cave fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes
819
Coleoptera Carabidae – Duvalius sp. n. Guéorguiev Coleoptera Cholevidae – Maroniella beroni Casale et Giachino, Bureschiana drenskii V. Guéorguiev, Bureschiana thracica Giachino Coleoptera Curculionidae – Troglorrhynchus beroni Angelov, Troglorrhynchus angelovi Guéorguiev
Conservation Land and forest use practices, urbanization, waste disposal, and environmental pollution threaten many caves and their fauna. Some of these threats are particularly valid for the caves in the Eastern Rhodopes. The Dupkata Cave (Kr 9), located in the City Park of Ivaylovgrad, is often visited by the local people. As a result, the bat colony is regularly disturbed, while the fires and waste disposal endanger seriously the invertebrate fauna. In the late 1980s, several hundred bats were burnt to death in Yarasa Ini (Kr 15). Disposal of herbicides has been discovered in the Zandana Cave (Hs 1). Illegal excavations, organized by treasure hunters, are widespread all over the region. Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) and Karangin (Kr 28) are frequently dug up for these purposes. Treasure hunting is amongst the most serious threats because of its high intensity and sophisticated equipment used. The digging seriously alters the cultural layers, which in some of the caves are exceptionally rich in arechaelogical and palaeontological materials. The cave of Koufovouno (TW 1) is located near to a large stone quarry and its future seems highly endangared from the ongoing intensive works. The same fate has already had the Avanos Cave (TW 3) destroyed by a local quarry (ILIOPOULU-GEORGUDAKI, 1983). Some caves on Bulgarian territory are declared as “nature monuments” (e.g. Kr 9, 18, 22), other are located within the borders of larger protected sites (e.g. Kr. 4, 12, 15, 19, 28). The protection of these caves is guaranteed by their status, though the local authorities (Municipalities and the Regional Inspectorates of the Ministry of the Environment and Waters) rarely enforce sufficient field guarding. Since the laws in Bulgaria do not protect the cave invertebrates, declaring caves as “nature monuments” is possible only when there is breeding or hibernating colony of bats, or when the cave has a high aesthetic or cultural value.
Acknowledgements We thank T. Ivanova, B. Barov, S. Beshkov, V. Beshkov, M. Langourov and many other colleagues who joined us on the field. Special thanks are due to S. Miteva, Hr. Hristov and E. Bojilova from the visitor center in Madjarovo who kindly supported our activities in the Eastern Rhodopes. The field trips in Bulgaria were partly funded by the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program. The American Arachnological Society Research Fund supported the travel of Petrov, Stoev and Beshkov in Greece in September 2000.
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RIEDEL A. 1988. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Balcanodiscus, II (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Zonitidae). – Malakologische Abh., Dresden, 13 (10): 93-104. RIEDEL A., URBANSKI. 1964. Systematische Stellung und Angaben über das Vorkommen von Paraegopis (Balcanodiscus subgen. n.) frivaldskyanus (Rossmaessler, 1842) (Gastropoda, Zonitidae). – Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 22 (4): 69-79. SKURATOWICZ W., BARTKOWSKA K., BATCHVAROV G. 1982. Fleas (Siphonaptera) of small mammals and birds collected in Bulgaria. – Fragmenta Faunistica, Warszawa, 27 (9): 101-140. STOEV P. 2001. A synopsis of the Bulgarian cave centipedes (Chilopoda). – Arthropoda Selecta, 10 (1): 31-54. STOEV P. 2002. A Catalogue and Key to the centipedes (Chilopoda) of Bulgaria. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia – Moscow, 103 p. STOEV P. 2004a. Centipedes (Chilopoda) from Greece in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. – Hist. nat. bulg., 16: 81-88. STOEV P. 2004b. Myriapoda (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 207-220. STOEV P., ENGHOFF H. 2003. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of genus Balkanopetalum Verhoeff, 1926 (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Schizopetalidae). – Zootaxa, 272: 1-26. STOEV P., RIBAROV G. 1995. Contribution to the study of cave Myriapoda from Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulg., 48: 89-96. STRASSER K. 1966. Über Diplopoden Bulgariens. – Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 23 (12): 325-385. THIBAUD J. 1995. Collemboles de Bulgarie. I. – Hist. nat. bulg., 5: 19-27. VANDEL A. 1965. Les Isopodes terrestres et cavernicoles de la Bulgarie. – Ann. Spéléol., 20 (2): 243-270. Authors’ addresses: Petar Beron, Boyan Petrov, Pavel Stoev National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mails:
[email protected];
[email protected];
[email protected]
Безгръбначната пещерна фауна на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция)
Петър БЕРОН, Боян ПЕТРОВ, Павел СТОЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Пещерната фауна на Източните Родопи е сравнително бедна и до 1960 г. е била съвършено неизучена. Проследена е историята на проучванията в българската и в гръцката част на планината. Досега на българска територия са изследвани 33 пещери, а на гръцка само 3 – при Марония, Куфовуно и Авас. Общо в двете части са установени 106 вида, от които 1 стигобионт (Niphargus sp.) и 9 троглобионта. Дванадесет вида са ендемити за Източните Родопи, включително троплобионтите Alpioniscus thracicus, Maroniella beroni, Bureschiana drenskii, B. thracica, Duvalius sp.n. Guéorguiev, Troglorrhynchus beroni и T. angelovi. Направен е кратък зоогеографски анализ и преглед на заплахите върху пещерите и тяхната фауна.
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Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) Petar BERON
Beron P. 2004. Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 823-848. Abstract: In order to get better and more complete idea about the biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes, from various publications have been extracted data about species of animal groups not studied in separate article in the present volume. Without claiming neither full treatment of these groups, nor specialized study of the nomenclature, data concerning 261 species belonging to the following groups have been listed: Turbellaria, Amphipoda, Isopoda (Oniscidea), Scorpiones, Acari, Collembola, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeoidea, Elateridae, Curculionidae, Meloidae, Melyridae, Anthicidae, Dermestidae), Hymenoptera (Tenthredinidae, Sphecidae, Mymaridae, Anthophoridae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, Apidae), Mallophaga, Siphonaptera, Diptera (Culicidae, Simuliidae, Agromyzidae, Blepharoceridae, Nycteribiidae, Streblidae). Porcellium frontacutum Schmallfuss (Isopoda: Porcellionidae) is new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Key words: Bulgaria, Greece, Rhodopes, fauna, Isopoda, Acari
The volume, consecrated to the biodiversity of the Eastern Rhodopes, was meant to include as many taxa as possible. However, for some groups of animals it was not possible to secure in time special papers. Yet, for these groups do exist data, scattered in various articles, often in Bulgarian language, likely to remain outside any complete analysis of the entire fauna oh this mountain. We have tried here to put together some of them, minding well the risk of outdated information, nomenclatorial changes and other hazards the non-specialist is running at. However, we preferred to publish these data, hoping that the specialists will find out what is the actual position of any of the taxa mentioned below. In 1975 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences published a special volume on the fauna of the Rhodopes (10 articles in Bulgarian, with summaries, on the groups Trichoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and some water animals, mostly from the Western Rhodopes). Some of these groups are not treated in the present volume, so we extracted from these and from other available sources the data concerning Eastern Rhodopes. These information is by no means complete, nor authentic.
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TURBELLARIA Dugesiidae (after RUSSEV, 1964) Dugesia gonocephala (Dugés) BG: Byala Reka (RUSSEV, 1964: 13).
C RU S TA C E A AMPHIPODA (after RUSSEV, 1964) Gammaridae Rivulogammarus pulex komareki Schäferna BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 14) ISOPODA (after ANDREEV, 1972, 1986, 2002; BERON, 1994; VANDEL, 1965) The letters and the numbers are used in the catalogues of the cave fauna of Bulgaria (BERON, 1994; BERON et al., in prep.) and Greece (BERON, in prep.) On i s c i d e a Ligidiidae Ligidium herzegowinese Verhoeff (= Ligidium germanicum h.) BG: Maronia Cave (TW 2) (ANDREEV, 1986: 154). Trichoniscidae Hyloniscus sp. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (ANDREEV, 2002: 59). Trichoniscus rhodopiense Vandel BG: Cave Karagug (= Peshterata) (Kr 2) – Vandel (1965: 258); Ribino Village, Cave Samara (Kr 4) - (BERON, 1994: 15), Cave Zlatnata yama (Kremenskata peshtera) (Kr 14), Cave Ogledalnata peshtera (Ayna Ini)(Kr 12), Cave Hassarskata peshtera (Kr 3), Cave Rupata (Kr 3), Nameless cave near Svetulka (Kr) – (ANDREEV, 2002: 64). Alpioniscus thracicus Andreev GR: Maronia Cave (TW 2) (ANDREEV, 1986: 156). Endemic to this cave. Monocyphoniscus bulgaricus Strouhal BG: Cave Tilki Ini (Kr 1)(II), Gorna Snezhinka Village, Cave Hasarskata peshtera (Kr 2) (ANDREEV, 1972: 181). Philosciidae Chaetophiloscia hastata Verhoeff BG: Ostrovitsa Village, Cave Tilki Ini (Kr 1) – Vandel (1965: 264), Cave Zmiyarnika (Kodja Kaya)(Kr 8) (ANDREEV, 2002: 68).
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Trachelipodidae Trachelipus absoloni Schmalfuss GR: Avas, Nomos Evros (Schmalfuss, 1975). Platyarthridae Platyarthrus hoffmannseggi Brandt BG: Cave Maarata (Hs 2) (ANDREEV, 2002: 68). Porcellionidae Porcellium frontacutum Schmallfuss BG: Cave Aina ini, Ribino Village, 10.10.1995; Cave Samara, 10.10.1995; Cave Mechkina dupka near Beli Dol Village, 24.04.1995, B. Petrov leg. (H. Schmallfuss det.). New species for the fauna of Bulgaria. New species for the fauna of Bulgaria.
ARACHNIDA SCORPIONES (after FET, 2000) Euscorpiidae Euscorpius carpathicus complex BG: Devesilitsa Village, Kardjali District. GR: Avas Village, Essimi, Evros Distr. (Fet, 2000: 52). The material being still in study, the specimens are ascribed provisionnaly to “Group A, Subgroup A1”. ACARI ACARIFORMES Suborder A c a r i d i d a Glycyphagidae Cometacarus rhodopensis Angelkova et Ždarkova BG: Zlatograd (ANGELKOVA & ŽDARKOVA, 1983: 310). Type locality, endemic. Canestriniidae Procericola ichthyoides Cooreman BG: Gugutka Village, Kardjali Distr. (BERON, 1971: 205). Under elytrae of Procerus scabrosus (Col., Carabidae). Photia procera (Berlese) BG: Gugutka Village, Kardjali Distr. (BERON, 1971: 205). Under elytrae of Procerus scabrosus (Col., Carabidae). Suborder P r o s t i g m a t a Eupodidae Linopodes motatorius (Linnaeus) BG: 1 ex., Kremene Vill., P. Beron leg. et det. New species, genus and family for the Rhodopes.
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Trombiculidae Neotrombicula zachvatkini (Schluger) BG: Shadiytsa near Kardjali (KOLEBINOVA, 1981: 73). Suborder O r i b a t i d a (after JELEVA, 1964, 1966) Passalozetidae Bipassolozetes perforalus (Berlese) (syn. Passalozetes granulatus Mihelčič) BG: Mezek Village, Kardjali Distr. (JELEVA, 1964: 94). Trichoribatidae Trichoribates latelamellatus angustissima Mihelčič BG: Mezek Village, Kardjali Distr. (JELEVA, 1964: 95).
PARASITIFORMES Suborder G a m a s i d a Parasitidae Parasitus fucorum (De Geer) BG: Kardjali, ex Bombus terrestris (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 19). P. coleoptratorum (L.) BG: Podkova, ex Copris lunaris (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1981: 18) Pergamasus crassipes (L.) BG: Kardjali (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 20). Pergamasus (Leptogamasus) sp. BG: Kardjali (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 20). Rhodacaridae Euryparasitus emarginatus (C.L. Koch) BG: Gugutka Village, Popsko Village, Kardjali Distr. (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 62) Cyrtolaelaps minor Willmann BG: Popsko Village, Kardjali Distr. (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 62) Laelapidae Androlaelaps glasgowi (Ewing) BG: Popsko Village, Kardjali Distr. (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 63) Laelaps agilis C.L. Koch BG: Ivaylovgrad (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 63) Eulaelaps stabularis (C.L. Koch) BG: Ivaylovgrad (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 63)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes Haemogamasidae Haemogamasus nidi Michael BG: Ivaylovgrad (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 64) H. hirsutosimilis Willmann BG: Popsko Village, Kardjali Distr. (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 64) Hirstionyssidae Hirstionyssus apodemi Zuevsky BG: Ivaylovgrad (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1993: 64) Veigaiaidae Veigaia planicola Berlese BG: Kardjali (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 20). Aceosejidae Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Müller) BG: Kardjali (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 21). Zerconidae Zercon gurensis Mihelčič BG: Kardjali (KOYUMDJIEVA, 1983: 22). Suborder I x o d i d a Argasidae Argas persicus Oken BG: Zlatograd (DRENSKI, 1955: 118) Ixodidae Ixodes ricinus L. BG: Zlatograd, Momchilgrad, Podkova (DRENSKI, 1955: 125) I. vespertilionis C.L. Koch BG: Cave Razklonenata peshtera (Kr 7) (BERON et al., 2004: ?) Haemaphysalis inermis Birula BG: Katilovo Village, Kardjali Distr. (DRENSKI, 1955: 134) H. punctata Canestrini et Fanzago BG: Zlatograd (DRENSKI, 1955: 136) Boophilus calcaratus Birula BG: Podkova, Zlatograd, in Kardjali Distr. (DRENSKI, 1955: 141)
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P. BERON Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer) BG: Kardjali Distr. (DRENSKI, 1955: 143) Rhipicephalus sanguineus C.L. Koch BG: Zlatograd (DRENSKI, 1955: 149) Hyalomma aegyptium L. BG: Kardjali, Podkova (DRENSKI, 1955: 154) – “tortoise” [Testudo sp.] H. anatolicum Koch BG: Kardjali Distr. (DRENSKI, 1955: 157) H. dromedarii Koch BG: Perperek (DRENSKI, 1955: 156) H. plumbeum Panzer BG: Podkova, Momchilgrad (DRENSKI, 1955: 158; SARBOVA, 1964: 137)
I N S E C TA COLLEMBOLA Hypogastruridae Hypogastrura purpurescens (Lubbock) BG: Tarnovtsi Village, Cave Karagug (Kr 2) (THIBAUD, 1995: 22). Onychiuridae Onychiurus variabilis Stach BG: Tarnovtsi Village, Cave Karagug (Kr 2) (THIBAUD, 1995: 22). Protaphorura firmata Gisin BG: Popsko Village, Kardjali Distr. (THIBAUD, 1995: 22). Tomoceridae Tomocerus terrestris (Stach) BG: Dabovets Village, Kardjali Distr. (THIBAUD, 1995: 22). EPHEMEROPTERA (after RUSSEV, 1964) Oligoneuriidae Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) BG: Podkova (RUSSEV, 1964: 15) Heptageniidae Heptagenia sp. BG: Kardjali (RUSSEV, 1964: 16)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes Rhithrogena semicolorata (Curtis) BG: Rudozem, Podkova, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 16) Ecdyonurus lateralis Curtis BG: Rudozem, Ardino (RUSSEV, 1964: 16) E. venosus (Fabricius) BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 16) E. insignis (Eaton) BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 17) Ecdyonurus sp. BG: Podkova (RUSSEV, 1964: 17) Baetidae Baëtis scambus Eaton BG: Podkova, Ardino, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 17) B. rhodani (Pictet) BG: Rudozem, Podkova, Zlatograd (RUSSEV, 1964: 18) B. venustulus Eaton BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 18) Baëtis sp. (vardarensis Ikon., nympha) BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 18) B. tenax Eaton BG: Rudozem, Kardjali (RUSSEV, 1964: 18) B. bioculatus (L.) BG: Ardino, Podkova, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 18) Baëtis sp. BG: Ardino, Rudozem, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) Centroptilum pennulatum Eaton BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) C. luteolum (Müller) BG: Rudozem, Podkova, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) Cloëon simile Eaton BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19)
829
830
P. BERON Cloëon sp. BG: Kardjali (RUSSEV, 1964: 19)
Leptophlebiidae Habrophlebia lauta Mc. Lachlan BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) H. fusca (Curtis) BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) Paraleptophlebia submarginata (Strephens) BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) P. tumida Bengtss. BG: Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 19) Ephemerellidae Ephemerella ignita (Poda) BG: Rudozem, Podkova, Zlatograd, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 20) E. notata Eaton BG: Podkova, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 20) Torleya major (Klapálek) BG: Rudozem, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 20) Chitonophora mucronata Bengtss. BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 21) Caenidae Caenis macrura Stephens BG: Podkova (RUSSEV, 1964: 21) C. moesta Bengtss. BG: Rudozem, Podkova, Kamilski Dol (RUSSEV, 1964: 21) C. rivulorum Eaton BG: Kardjali (RUSSEV, 1964: 22) Ephemeridae Ephemera danica Müller BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 22)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
831
COLEOPTERA Superfam. Scarabaeoidea (Trogidae, Ochodaeidae, Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Melolonthidae, Rutelidae, Cetoniidae) (after MINKOWA, 1953; ANGELOV, 1965; ZACHARIEVA, 1965; ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975; BUNALSKI, 2000) Trogidae Trox scaber (L.) BG: Dolno Cherkovishte (BUNALSKI, 2000: 90) Scarabaeidae Scarabaeus pius Illig. BG: Mandritsa, Meden Buk, Kardjali (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 129) S. affinis Brullé BG: Kamilski Dol, Krumovgrad, Mandritsa, Podkova (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 129), Orlitsa (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184) Gymnopleurus mopsus Pall. BG: Kamilski Dol, Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, Mandritsa, Meden Buk, Vransko, Protogerovo (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130), Ivaylovgrad, Plevun, Podkova (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184) G. sturmi M’Leay BG: Kamilski Dol, Mandritsa (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130), Ivaylovgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184) G. geoffroyi Fuessl. BG: many localities (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130; ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184), Ivaylovgrad, Harmanli, Strazhevo (ANGELOV, 1965: 102) Sisyphus schäfferi L. BG: Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130), Ivaylovgrad, Plevun, Gorna Kula (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184) S. schäfferi boschniaki Fisch. BG: Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad, Mandritsa (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 184) Copris hispanus L. BG: many localities (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130) C. lunaris L. BG: many localities (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 130) Chironitis irroratus Rossi BG: Ivaylovgrad, Meden Buk (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131)
832
P. BERON C. hungaricus Harbst. BG: Meden Buk, Gorna Kula (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131)
C. furcifer Rossi BG: Mandritsa, Golyamo Bukovo, Meden Buk, Kardjali (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 185) Oniticellus fulvus Gol. BG: the whole region (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131), Podkova, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 102) O. pallipes F. BG: Mandritsa, Meden Buk (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131), Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 103) Caccobius schreberi L. BG: the whole region (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131), Podkova, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad, Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 106), Kamilski Dol (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 185) C. histeroides Men. BG: Mandritsa, Kamilski Dol (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131) Onthophagus amyntas Oliv. BG: Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 103) Onthophagus amyntas alces F. BG: many localities (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131) O. gibbosus Scriba. BG: Kamilski Dol, Protogerovo, Podkova (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131), many localities (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 186) O. taurus Schreber BG: Kamilski Dol, Plevun, etc. (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 131), Momchilgrad, Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 105), Ivaylovgrad, Mandritsa, Meden Buk (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) O. ovatus L. BG: Mandritsa, Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 105), Meden Buk (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) O. furcatus Fabricius BG: Mandritsa, Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Podkova, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 104)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
833
O. verticicornis Laich. BG: Chorbadjiysko, Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad, Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 105), Mandritsa, Plevun (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 188) O. fissicornis Stev. BG: Chorbadjiysko, Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad, Kardjali (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Krumovgrad, Podkova, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 103) O. fracticornis Preyssl. BG: Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 104) O. ruficapillus Br. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 105), Mandritsa (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) O. lemur Fabricius BG: Krumovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 104) O. vacca L. BG: Kardjali, Podkova, Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132) O. marginalis Gebl. BG: Meden Buk (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) O. nuchicornis L. BG: Kardjali (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132) O. coenobita Hbst. BG: Krumovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 103) O. joannae Goljam. BG: many localities (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) O. similis Scriba BG: many localities (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 187) Typhoeus fossor Waltl. BG: Krumovgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 100) Geotrupidae Geotrupes mutator Marsh. BG: Chorbadjiysko (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132)
834
P. BERON G. spiniger Marsh. BG: Plevun, Chorbadjiysko (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132)
Aphodiidae Aphodius erraticus L. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, Podkova (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132; ANGELOV, 1965: 96), Mandritsa (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 188) A. scrutator Herbst BG: Kamilski Dol, Mandritsa (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), in the areas of Zlatograd, Podkova, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 96), Plevun (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 188) A. fossor L. BG: Plevun, Meden Buk (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Ivaylovgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 188) A. luridus Fabricius BG: Krumovgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 132), Podkova, Momchilgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 99) A. quadrimaculatus L. BG: Kamilski Dol (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133) A. subterraneus L. BG: Plevun (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 188) A. haemorroidalis ab. sanguinolentus Hr. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Meden Buk (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 189) A. prodromus Brahm. BG: Momchilgrad (Zacharieva, 1965: 133), Podkova, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 99) A. consputus Creuts. BG: Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133) A. obscurus F. BG: Kamilski Dol (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133) A. fimetarius L. BG: Momchilgrad, Mandritsa (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133), Podkova (ANGELOV, 1965: 97) A. scybalarius F. BG: Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
835
A. granarius L. BG: Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEVA, 1965: 133) A. varians Duft. BG: Podkova, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 98), reg. Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) A. merdarius Fabricius BG: Podkova, Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 99) A. quadriguttatus Hbst. BG: Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1965: 99) A. thermicola Sturm. BG: Kamilski Dol (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) A. immundus Creutz. BG: Mandritsa Village, Meden Buk, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) A. lugens Creutz. BG: Mandritsa Village, Meden Buk, Ivaylovgrad, Plevun (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) A. nitidulus Fabricius BG: Meden Buk (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) Amphicoma arctos Pall. BG: Kamilski Dol, Momchilgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 190) A. lasserrei Germ. BG: Popsko Village, Podkova Village, Stankina Cheshma Village (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) A. psilotrichia Fald. BG: Stankina Cheshma (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Melolontidae Pseudotrematodes frivalsdszkyi Mén. BG: Harmanli (MINKOWA, 1953: 301), Kamilski Dol, Kardjali (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Rhizotrogus aequinoctialis Hbst BG: Harmanli (MINKOWA, 1953: 295)
836
P. BERON Amphimallon caucasicus Gyll. BG: Eastern Rhodopes (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191)
Anoxia orientalis Kryn. BG: Harmanli (MINKOWA, 1953: 288), Mandritsa (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Polyphylla fullo Fabricius BG: Mandritsa, Kardjali (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) P. olivieri Cast. BG: Haskovo (MINKOWA, 1953: 282) Melolontha melolontha L. BG: Everywhere (observ.) Anomala solida Er. BG: Mandritsa, everywhere (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Phylopertha lineolata F. BG: Stankina Cheshma, Popsko (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Anisoplia lata Er. BG: Eastern Rhodopes (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Epicometes hirta Poda BG: many localities (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Tropinota squalida Scop. BG: Stankina Cheshma, Krumovgrad (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Oxythirea funesta Poda BG: Stankina Cheshma (ZACHARIEWA & DIMOWA, 1975: 191) Cetoniidae Cetonia aurata L. BG: Ewerywhere (observ.). Elateridae (after TARNAWSKI, 1984) Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi) BG: Kardjali, Perperek, Sredna Arda, Djebel, Rudozem, Momchilgrad (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 240) Cardiophorus rufipes (Goeze) BG: Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 248)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes Dicronychus rubripes (German) BG: Kardjali, Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 251) Melanotus fuscipes (Schönherr) BG: Ardino (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 255) Synaptus filiformis (Fabricius) BG: Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 272) Adrastus lacertosus Erichson BG: Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 273) A. pallens (Fabricius) BG: Sredna Arda, Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 274) A. rachifer (Fourcroy) BG: Sredna Arda, Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 274) A. montanus (Scopoli) BG: Perperek, Djebel (TARNAWSKI, 1984: 275) Curculionidae (after ANGELOV, various papers) Sitona costipennis Faust. BG: Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969: 165) Bangasternus fausti Reitter BG: Harmanli, Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1969: 165) Heterophytobius muricatus Bris. BG: Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1969: 166 Corimalia languida (Bohemann) BG: Mandritsa (ANGELOV, 1977: 41) Troglorhynchus beroni Angelov BG: Tsvyatovo Village, Inkaya Cave (ANGELOV, 1985: 74) Mecaspis nanus Gyllenhall BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1988: 139) Lixus bituberculatus Smreczynski BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1975: 120) Larinus carinirostris Gyllenhall BG: Podkova (ANGELOV, 1975:120)
837
838
P. BERON Magdalis exarata Bris. BG: Kardjali (ANGELOV, 1976: 175) Tychius longirollis Bris. BG: Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1970: 170) Rhinoncus pericarpius L. BG: Kardjali, Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1966a: 129) Ceuthorrhynchus erysimi Fabr. BG: Djebel, Kardjali, Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1966a:131) C. contractus Marsh. BG: Harmanli, Djebel (ANGELOV, 1966a:131) C. asperifoliarum Gyllenhall BG: Ivaylovgrad (ANGELOV, 1966b:135) C. punctiger Gyllenhall BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1966a:130) C. polinarius Forst. BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1966a:130) C. sublineellus Bris. BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1976: 176) C. urticae Boh. BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1976: 176) Thylacites fritilum Panz. BG: Podkova (ANGELOV, 1966b:133) Dorytomus f lavipes Panz. BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1966a:132) Cionus galanus Angelov BG: Momchilgrad (ANGELOV, 1978b: 69)
Anthribidae (after ANGELOV, 1978a) Tropideres bilineatus (Germar) BG: Beli Brezi Hut (ANGELOV, 1978a: 160)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
839
Anthicidae (after UHMANN & GUÉORGUIEV, 2000) Notoxus monoceros (L.) BG: Momchilgrad (UHMANN & GUÉORGUIEV, 2000: 34) Dermestidae (after MROCZKOWSKI, 1958) Anthrenus scrophulariae var. senex Kraatz BG: Kardjali (MROCZKOWSKI, 1958: 5) A. verbasci (L.)(and var. confusus Reitter) BG: Kardjali (MROCZKOWSKI, 1958: 7) . Melyridae (after ANGELOV, 1989) Malachius scutellaris Er. BG: Krumovgrad (ANGELOV, 1989: 108) Meloidae (after ANGELOV, 1986) Meloe proscarabaeus L. BG: Djebel (ANGELOV, 1986: 54). M. variegatus Donov. BG: Eleshnitsa, Kardjali Distr. (ANGELOV, 1986: 54). M. cicatricosus Leach. BG: Haskovo (KANTARDJIEVA, 1929), Eleshnitsa, Kardjali Distr. (ANGELOV, 1986: 55). Mylabris f loralis Pall. BG: Harmanli (ANGELOV, 1986: 56). Lydus halybaeus Tausch. BG: Kardjali (ANGELOV, 1986: 57). HYMENOPTERA Tenthrеdinidae (after BEIGER, 1979) Fenusa ulmi Sunder BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 491) Heterarthrus aceris Kltb. BG: Momchilgrad (BEIGER, 1979: 491) Metallus gei Bri. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 492) Sphecidae (after LJUBOMIROV, 1995, 1997, 1999) Alysson spinosus (Panzer) BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1999: 22)
840
P. BERON Didineis crassicornis Handlirsch BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1999: 22) D. wuestneii Handlirsch BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1999: 22) Miscophus (M.) ater Lepeletier BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1997: 120) M. (M.) niger Dahlbom BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1997: 120) M. (M.) postumus Bischoff BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1997: 121) Harpactus laevis (Latreille) BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1995: 11) H. morawitzi Radoszk. BG: Arda Hut (LJUBOMIROV, 1995: 11, sub “H. formosus Jurine”, misident.)
Mymaridae (after DONEV, 1983) Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday BG: Kardjali (DONEV, 1983: 32) O. hemipterus Haliday BG: Kardjali (DONEV, 1983: 32) Apidae (after ATANASSOV, 1975) According to this author, in the Eastern Rhodopes live at least 17 of the 33 species of “Bombus” (now in various genera) and Psithyrus known in the Rhodopes. Bombus hortorum L. BG: Momchilgrad, Zlatograd (ATANASSOV, 1975: 146) B. ruderatus F. BG: Ivaylovgrad (ATANASSOV, 1975: 146) B. argillaceus Scopoli BG: Momchilgrad, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad, Meden Buk, Mandritsa Village (ATANASSOV, 1975: 146-147) B. pomorum Pz. BG: Ardino (ATANASSOV, 1975: 147)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
841
B. armeniacus Rad. BG: Zlatograd, Ivaylovgrad (ATANASSOV, 1975: 148) B. agrorum F. BG: Zlatograd, Ivaylovgrad, Mandritsa Village, Podkova Village, Popsko Village (ATANASSOV, 1975: 149) B. helferanus Seidl. BG: Krumovgrad, Eleshnitsa (ATANASSOV, 1975: 150) B. muscorum F. BG: Ardino (ATANASSOV, 1975: 151) B. silvarum L. BG: Ardino, Momchilgrad, Ivaylovgrad (ATANASSOV, 1975: 151) B. zonatus Sm. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Mandritsa Village, Guliyka (ATANASSOV, 1975: 152) B. soroeensis proteus Gerst. BG: Krumovgrad, Zlatograd, Momchilgrad (ATANASSOV, 1975: 152) B. terrestris L. BG: Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, Zlatograd (ATANASSOV, 1975: 153) B. lucorum L. BG: Zlatograd (ATANASSOV, 1975: 153) B. lapidarius L. BG: Ardino (ATANASSOV, 1975: 154) B. haematurus Kriechb. BG: Ardino (ATANASSOV, 1975: 156) Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. BG: Zlatograd (ATANASSOV, 1975: 158) P. distinctus Per. BG: Zlatograd (ATANASSOV, 1975: 158) Anthophoridae (after VASILEVA, 1994) Tetralonia graja Eversmann BG: Momchilgrad (VASILEVA, 1994: 51)
842
P. BERON Melecta luctuosa Scopoli BG: Kardjali (VASILEVA, 1994: 51)
Colletidae (after VASILEVA, 1997) Prosopis difformis Eversmann BG: Momchilgrad (VASILEVA, 1997: 97) Megachilidae (after VASILEVA, 1997) Osmia croatica Friese BG: Ivaylovgrad (VASILEVA, 1997: 98) Heryades crenulatus Nylander BG: Ivaylovgrad (VASILEVA, 1997: 98) MALLOPHAGA Philopteridae (after TULESKOV, 1959) Goniodes cypricus Kéler BG: Byuyukdere, Kardjali District (TULESKOV, 1959: 17) SIPHONAPTERA Ctenophthalmidae (after PISARSKA, 1973) Ctenophthalmus agyrtes Heller BG: Gugutka, Tokachka, Zlatograd, Madan, etc. (PISARSKA, 1973: 203) Ceratophyllidae (after PISARSKA, 1973) Leptopsylla segnis Schönherr BG: Gugutka, Tokachka, Zlatograd, Madan, etc. (PISARSKA, 1973: 204) L. taschenbergi Wagner BG: Gugutka, Tokachka, Madan (PISARSKA, 1973: 204) Doratopsylla dasycnema Rotschild BG: Gugutka (PISARSKA, 1973: 204) Peromyscopsylla silvatica Meinert BG: Madan (PISARSKA, 1973: 205) Ischnopsyllidae (after SKURATOWICZ et al., 1982; HŮRKA, 1984) Ischnopsyllus (I.) octactenus (Kolenati) BG: Dabovets near Ivaylovgrad, on Pipistrellus pipistrellus (HŮRKA, 1984: 209). Rhinolophopsylla u. unipectinata (Taschenberg) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (SKURATOWICZ et al., 1982: 105).
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
843
DIPTERA Culicidae (after PASPALEV, 1951) Anopheles maculipennis Meigen BG: in the areas of Zlatograd, Kardjali, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad, etc. (PASPALEV, 1951: 210) A. bifurcatus L. BG: in the areas of Zlatograd, Kardjali, Krumovgrad, Ivaylovgrad, etc. (PASPALEV, 1951: 214) A. superpictus Grassi BG: in the areas of Zlatograd, Ivaylovgrad, Krumovgrad, etc. (PASPALEV, 1951: 214) Agromyzidae (after BEIGER, 1979) Calycomyza humeralis (Ros.) BG: Momchilgrad (BEIGER, 1979: 511) Trilobomyza f lavifrons (Mg.) BG: Momchilgrad (BEIGER, 1979: 511) T. labiatarum (Hd.) BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 511) Amauromyza morionella (Ztt.) BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 512) Cerodontha pygmaea (Mg.) BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 513) Liriomyza amoena Mg. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 513) L. congesta Beck. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 514) L. sonchi Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 515) L. soror Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516) L. stigata Mg. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516)
844
P. BERON Paraphytomyza luteoscutellata Meij. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 516) Phytomyza artemisivora Spencer BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 517) Ph. conyzae Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 519) Ph. fulgens Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 520) Ph. herticola Gour. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 520) Ph. lappina Gour. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 521) Ph. obscura Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 522) Ph. tetrasticha Hd. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 525) Ph. vitalbae Kltb. BG: Mineralni Bani (BEIGER, 1979: 525)
Simuliidae (after KOVATSCHEV, 1975) Wilhelmia lineata (Meigen) BG: Studen Kladenets (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 206) Gnus degrangei (Dorier et Grenier) BG: Rudozem (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 206) Odagmia caucasica (Rubzov) BG: Studen Kladenets (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 207) O. variegata (Meigen) BG: Arda River (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 207) Tetisimulium condici (Baranov) BG: Studen Kladenets, Kamilski Dol, Podkova (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 207) T. latimentum Rubzov BG: Podkova (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 207)
Contributions of various authors to the faunistics of the Eastern Rhodopes
845
Simulium morsitans Edwards BG: Podkova (KOVATSCHEV,1975: 207) Blepharoceridae (after RUSSEV, 1964) Blepharocera fasciata Westwood BG: Rudozem (RUSSEV, 1964: 24) Nycteribiidae (after NOVOSAD et al., 1987; HŮRKA, 1972; KOCK, 1974). Nycteribia (N.) schmidli schmidli Schinner BG: Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (NOVOSAD et al., 1987: 678-680). GR: Cave of Coufovounou (TW 1) (HŮRKA, 1972: 710; KOCK, 1974: 93). Nycteribia (N.) latreillei (Leach) GR: Cave of Coufovounou (TW 1) (KOCK, 1974: 91). Nycteribia (N.) pedicularia Latreille GR: Cave of Coufovounou (TW 1, syn. “Kouvobono”, “Höhle bei Didymotichon”) (HŮRKA, 1972: 710; KOCK, 1974: 92). Nycteribia (Acrocholidia) vexata Westwood BG: Ivaylovgrad, Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (NOVOSAD et al., 1987: 682). GR: Cave of Coufovounou (TW 1) (HŮRKA, 1972: 710; KOCK, 1974: 94). Phthiridium biarticulatum (Hermann) (= Stylidia biarticulata) BG: Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (NOVOSAD et al., 1987: 683). Penicillidia (Penicillidia) dufouri (Westwood) BG: Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (NOVOSAD et al., 1987: 686). Penicillidia (Neopenicillidia) conspicus Speiser BG: Cave Dupkata (Kr 9) (NOVOSAD et al., 1987: 684-685). Streblidae Brachytarsina f lavipennis Macquart BG: Zandana (Hs 1), Samarskata Peshtera (Kr 4) (BERON et al., 2004: 807).
References ATANASSOV N. 1962. Untersuchungen über die Arten von der Gattung Xylocopa Latr. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in Bulgarien und auf der Balkanhalbinsel. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 11: 167 – 180 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ATANASSOV N. 1975. Artenzusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Bombus Latr. und Psithyrus Lep. (Hymenoptera) in den Rhodopen. - In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Sofia: 197 - 204 (In Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ANDREEV S. 1972. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Landasseln Bulgariens (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). II. - Bull. Inst. Zool., 24: 178-185.
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ANDREEV St. 1986. Contribution à l’étude des Isopodes terrestres de la Grèce. 3. Sur trois nouvelles espèces des genres Cordioniscus, Alpioniscus et Trichoniscus et nouvelles données sur les Isopodes terr. (Oniscoidea). - Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 11 (2): 153-164. ANDREEV St. 2002. Trois nouvelles espèces des genres Cordioniscus et Trichoniscus (Isopoda: Oniscidea) et nouvelles données sur les Isopodes terrestres de la Bulgarie. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 15: 55 - 72. ANGELKOVA E.B., E.ZDARKOVA. 1983. A revision of the Palearctic Genus Cometacarus (Acarina: Glycyphagidae), with description of New Species. - Acarologia, 24(3): 309-317. ANGELOV P. 1965. Mistkäfer (Coprinae, Scarabaeidae) aus Bulgarien. - Tr. scient. de l’Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, Biol., 3(1): 95 – 109. ANGELOV P. 1966a. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleopteren Fauna in Rodopi-Gebirgen IV. Neue Curculioniden aus Rodopi- Gebirgen (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). - Tr. scient. de l’Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, Biol., 4(1): 133 – 132 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.) ANGELOV P. 1966b. Neue Curculioniden-Gattungen und Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Tr. scient. de l’Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, Biol., 4(1): 129 – 137 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.) ANGELOV P. 1969. V. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Coleopteren-Fauna in Rodopi – Gebirge. Neue Curculionidae für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Tr. scient. de l’Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, Biol., 7(1): 165 – 167 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.) ANGELOV P. 1970. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bulgarischen Tychius-Arten (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). - Tr. Scient. Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, 8(2): 169 – 171 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ANGELOV P. 1975. Neue und Seltene Curculionidae (Col.) für die Fauna Bulgariens. - Univ. Plovdiv, Tr. Scient., 13 (4): 119 - 121 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ANGELOV P. 1976. Coleoptera, Curculionidae. I Part (Apioninae, Otiorhynchinae). - Fauna Bulgarica, 5. Sofia, 356 pp. ANGELOV P. 1977. Species unknown in Bulgarian Fauna (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). – Univ. Plovdiv, Tr. Scient., 15 (4): 41 - 44 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.) ANGELOV P. 1978a. Unbekannte Anthribiden und Attelabiden Arten (Coleoptera) für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Univ. Plovdiv, Tr. Scient., 16 (4): 159 - 163 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.) ANGELOV P. 1978b. Eine neue Art der Gattung Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). – Acta zool. bulgarica, 10: 68 - 69. ANGELOV P. 1985. Zwei neuen Troglorhynchus-Arten aus Bulgarien (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). - Reichenbachia, 23(12): 73-76. ANGELOV P. 1986. Über die Arten der Familie Meloidae in Bulgarien. - Tr. Scient. Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, 24(1): 53 – 59 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ANGELOV P. 1988. Unbekannte Rüsselkafer Arten für die Fauna Bulgariens (Curc., Coleoptera). – Tr. Sci. Univ. Plovdiv., 26(6): 139 – 141(in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ANGELOV P. 1989. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Familie Melyridae (Coleoptera) Bulgariens. - Tr. Scient. Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, 27(6): 107 – 110 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ATANASSOV N. 1975. Artenzusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Bombus Latr. und Psithyrus Lep. (Hymenoptera) in den Rhodopen. - In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Sofia: 197 - 204 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). BEIGER M. 1979. Materials to the knowledge of mining insects of Bulgaria. – Polskie Pismo Entomol., Wroclaw, 49: 485 – 534. BERON P. 1971. Sur les Acariens Tyroglyphoides, vivant en association phorétique sur les Mammifères et les Insectes en Bulgarie. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 33: 203-207. BERON P. 1994. Résultats des recherches biospéléologiques en Bulgarie de 1971 à 1994 et liste des animaux cavernicoles bulgares. - Série Tranteeva - 1, Sofia, 137 p. BERON P., PETROV B., STOEV P., 2004. The Invertebrate Cave Fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria, Greece). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia: 791-822. BUNALSKI M. 2000. Contribution to the knowledge Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. Part I. Results of the expeditions 1996 and 1998. – Wiad. entomol., 19(2): 85-92. DONEV A. 1983. Unbekannte Arten aus der Familie Mymaridae (Hym., Chalc.) für die Fauna Bulgariens. – Tr. Scient. Univ. Plovdiv, Biologie, 21(4): 31 - 34 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.) DRENSKI P. 1955. Artbestand und Verbreitung der Zecken (Ixodoidea) in Bulgarien (Im Hinblick auf ihre medizinische Bedeutung). - Bull. Inst. Zool. (S.), 4-5: 109 -168 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.)
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FET V. 2000. Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from the Balkan Peninsula in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia. - Historia naturalis bulgarica, 11: 47 - 60. HŮRKA K. 1972. Basilia mongolensis nudior subsp. n. nebst Bemerkungen zur Nycteribien- und Streblidenfauna Thrakiens (Diptera: Pupipara). – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 76: 709 – 713. HŮRKA K. 1984a. Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of Ischnopsyllidae (Siphonaptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam. – Acta ent. bohemoslov., 81: 204-211. HŮRKA K. 1984b. New taxa and new records of Palearctic Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (Diptera: Pupipara). - Vst. Čs. Spol. zool., 48: 90-101. JELEVA M. 1964b. Some new Oribatid Mites (Acari) for the Fauna of Bulgaria. - Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., Geol., Geogr., 57, Livre 1 - Biol., Zool., 1962/1963: 93 - 98 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). JELEVA M. 1966. Oribatide Mites (Acarina, Oribatei) from Thrace. - In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk), 3: 77 – 136 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). KOCK D. 1974. Pupipare Dipteren von Säugetieren des nordöstlichen Mittelmeerraumes (Ins.: Diptera). – Senckenbergiana Biol., 55: 87 - 104. KOLEBINOVA M. 1981. A contribution to the studies on the Trombiculid fauna (Acarina, Trombiculidae) of the Rhodopes. – Acta zool. bulgarica, 18: 72 – 77 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). KOSAROV G., I. ZONEV. 1966. Collembola aus den Kulturflachen Thrakiens. – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk), 3: 5 – 36 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). KOVATSCHEV S. 1975. Materialien über die Simuliidenfauna (Diptera, Simuliidae) der Rhodopen. - In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Sofia: 205 - 208 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). KOYUMDJIEVA M. 1981. Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea, Parasitiformes) associated with Scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulgarica, 17: 17 – 26 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). KOYUMDJIEVA M. 1983. Free-Living and Insecticolous Mites (Mesostigmata) from Rhodopes Mountains. Acta zool. bulgarica, 23: 19 - 24 (Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). KOYUMDJIEVA M. 1993. Les Acariens mesostigmates (Acarina, Mesostigmata) de la Bulgarie du Sud-Est. Acta zool. bulgarica, 46: 59 - 66. LJUBOMIROV T. L. 1995. The digger wasps from the genus Harpactus Shuckard, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in Bulgaria. – Acta entomol. bulg., 2: 11 – 12 (in Bulg., summ. Engl.). LJUBOMIROV T. L. 1997. On the specific staff of the digger wasps from the genus Miscophus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in Bulgaria. – Ann. de l’Univ. de Sofia, 88 (4): 119 – 121. LJUBOMIROV T. L. 1999. Overview of the species composition and the distribution of the digger wasp tribe Alyssontini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from Bulgaria. – Acta zool. bulgarica, 51(1): 21 – 23. MINKOWA S. 1953. Der Artbestand und die Verbreitung der Maikäfer (Melolonthinae Coleopt.) in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Sofia, 2: 275 - 312 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). MROCZKOWSKI M. 1958. Dermestidae (Coleoptera) collected in Bulgaria by members of the staff of the Zoological Institute of the Polish academy of sciences in the years 1950 and 1956. – Fragmenta Faunistica, 8(1): 1 – 9. NAIDENOW W. 1964. Das Zooplankton des Stausees “Studen kladenec”. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 61 – 77. NOVOSAD A., G. BATCHVAROV, P. PETROV. 1987. Bat flies (Nycteribiidae, Diptera) of bats collected in Bulgaria. - Polskie Pismo Entom., 57: 673-694. PASPALEV G. 1951. Recherches sur les musquets malariens dans la région des Rhodopes Orientales. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 1: 200 - 233 (Bulg., summ. Russ., Fr.). PISARSKA P. 1973. Aphaniptera auf den Kleinen Säugetieren in den südbulgarischen Grenzgebieten. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 37: 201 – 207 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). RUSSEV B. 1964. Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen der Arda und einiger ihrer Nebenflüsse. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 17: 5 – 49. SARBOVA S. 1964. Verbreitung und epidemiologische Bedeutung der Zecken von der Familie Ixodidae in Bulgarien. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus. Sofia, 15: 135 -150 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). SCHMALFUSS H. 1975. Neues Isopoden-Material aus Griechenland. – Sitz.-Ber. österr. Akad. Wiss., math.nat. Kl., Abt.1, 184: 27-66. SKURATOWICZ W., K. BARTKOWSKA, G. BATCHVAROV. 1982. Fleas (Siphonaptera) of small mammals and birds collected in Bulgaria. - Fragm. faunistica, Warszawa, 27(9): 101-140. STOYANOV I., T. LJUBOMIROV. 2000. Notes on Woodwasp families Siricidae, Xiphydriidae and Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulgarica, 52(3): 37 – 39. TARNAWSKI D. 1984. Die Schnellkäfer Bulgariens (Coleoptera, Elateridae). – Pol. Pismo ent., 54: 235 - 281.
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THIBAUD J. 1995. Collemboles de Bulgarie. I. – Historia naturalis bulgarica, 5: 19 - 27. TOMOV V. 1971. Some new and rare species of genus Cryptocephalus Geoffr. (Col. Chrysomelidae) for the fauna of Bulgaria and the Balcan Peninsula. – Tr. Scient. Ecole norm. sup., Plovdiv, 9(2): 151 – 154 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Engl.). TULESKOV K. 1959. Mallophaga als Ektoparasiten der Hühnervogel (Gallinaceae). - Bull. Inst. Zool. Sofia, 8: 15 - 20 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). UHMANN G., B. GUEORGUIEV. 2000. Review of Anthicidae (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria. – Historia nat. bulgarica, 12: 33 - 39. VANDEL A. 1965. Les Isopodes terrestres et cavernicoles de la Bulgarie. - Ann. de Spéléol., Toulouse, 20 (2): 243-270. VASILEVA E.A. 1994. New and rare Apian species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) for the Bulgarian fauna. – Acta zool. bulgarica, 47: 50 – 53. VASILEVA E.A. 1997. New faunistic data for Bulgarian species from the superfamily Apoidea (Hymenoptera). – Acta zool. bulgarica, 49: 97 – 99. ZACHARIEVA B. 1965. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Coprophagen Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) aus den Ostrhodopen. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., Sofia, 19: 129 - 134 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.). ZACHARIEWA B., W. DIMOWA. 1975. Faunistische Untersuchungen über die Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) aus den Rhodopen. - In: La faune des Rhodopes. Matériaux, Sofia: 183 - 196 (in Bulg., summ. Russ., Germ.).
Author’s address: Dr Petar Beron National Museum of Natural History Bul. Tsar Osvoboditel 1 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e – mail: beron @ mail.bg
Приноси на различни автори към фауната на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция), с бележки върху акарите (Myobiidae, Macronyssidae, Spinturnicidae) Петър БЕРОН (Р е з ю м е) С цел да се получи по-пълна представа за биоразнообразието на Източните Родопи, от отделни публикации са извлечени данни за 261 видa животни от групи, за които няма специални публикации в настоящия том. Без претенции за пълнота или за специализирано изследване, съвременна номенклатура и пр., приведени са данни за следните групи: Turbellaria, Amphipoda, Isopoda (Oniscidea), Scorpiones, Acari, Collembola, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeoidea, Elateridae, Curculionidae, Meloidae, Melyridae, Anthicidae, Dermestidae), Hymenoptera (Tenthredinidae, Sphecidae, Mymaridae, Anthophoridae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, Apidae), Mallophaga, Siphonaptera, Diptera (Culicidae, Agromyzidae, Simuliidae, Blepharoceridae, Nycteribiidae, Streblidae). Porcellium frontacutum Schmallfuss (Isopoda: Porcellionidae) е нов вид за фауната на България.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Fish species diversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Tihomir STEFANOV, Teodora TRICHKOVA
Stefanov T., Trichkova T. 2004. Fish species diversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 849-861. Abstract. The fish species diversity in the main water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes was studied based on published and survey data. A total of 26 fish species belonging to 8 families have been reported. A full faunistic list with some taxonomic notes is given. Cyprinidae family is best represented with 16 species. Nineteen of all the species found are autochthonous to the ichthyofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes, and 4 of them are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula. Some of the species have a high conservation status. The main threats disturbing the fish populations are mentioned. Key words: fish species diversity, autochthonous species, endemic species, Eastern Rhodopes, Aegean Sea basin
Introduction Before 2000 literature sources gave scanty and incomplete information on the occurrence of the fish species in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes. KOVATCHEV (1921) was the first who published data on the ichthyofauna of the Maritsa River and its tributaries including the Arda River. Later, CHICHKOFF (1939) and MICHAJLOVA (1970) studied the species diversity of the rivers from the Aegean Sea River system. DIKOV et al. (1994) studied the fish populations in the Arda River. Data on the content of heavy metals in the dominant fish species in the Arda River and the dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets were given by VELTCHEVA & BATCHVAROV (1994) and VELTCHEVA (1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1998a, 1998b). Some information about the distribution of fishes in the water bodies of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found in the two main works on the ichthyofauna of Bulgaria by DRENSKY (1951) and KARAPETKOVA & ZIVKOV (1995). VASSILEV (1998) described a newly found species (Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998) from the Rivers Krumovitsa and Byala Reka. Some data on the ichthyofauna of the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found in ECONOMIDIS (1991) and ECONOMIDIS & NALBANT (1996). The most extensive studies on the fish species composition in the region were carried out by PEHLIVANOV (2000). He reported on the finding of 20 fish species and subspecies in the rivers and dams of the Eastern Rhodopes and discussed the influence of different environmental factors on the abundance and distribution of the fish
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populations. Summarized data on the fish species diversity in the Eastern Rhodopes can also be found in the works of ZIVKOV & DOBREV (2001) and STEFANOV et al. (2003). Our goal was to make a review of the fish species diversity in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes based on published data and surveys.
Studied area The water bodies in the Eastern Rhodopes belong to the Aegean Sea basin. They are represented by the middle reaches of the Arda River and its tributaries, as well as the Byala Reka River. The Arda River is the biggest Rhodope River. It takes its source from the Ardabashi spring near the Ardin Summit (Yurta Summit, 1730 m a.s.l., the Western Rhodopes), runs in a West-East direction throughout the whole of the Eastern Rhodopes, and empties into the Maritsa River on Greek territory. The Bulgarian sector of the river is 241.3 km long with a catchment area of 5201.0 km2, and an average altitude of 648 m a.s.l. About 82% of its catchment area is situated in the Eastern Rhodopes. The river substratum is mainly gravel and stones. The river has about 25 tributaries, among them: the Davidkovska River, the Perperek River - the longest left tributary of the Arda River, the Varbitsa (Syutliyka) River - the longest right tributary of the Arda River (98 km long with a catchment area of 1203 km2), the Krumovitsa River, etc. The Byala Reka River is a tributary of the Maritsa River. On Bulgarian territory it is about 55 km long with a catchment area of 550 km2. The river bottom is covered mainly with sand and gravel. The catchment areas of the Arda River, its tributaries and the Byala Reka River are characterized by steep slopes of the river-beds almost throughout their entire lengthand by a very low degree of afforestation (about 40% for the Arda River). This causes a high fluctuation of discharge - the average annual discharge in the Arda River varies between 4.47 and 34.8 m3/sec. However, the water temperature ranges are high - the temperature of the Arda River reaches 25-29oC in August. The rivers flow, rapidly transporting large amounts of eroded silt downstream. They become torrential in winter and spring due to the high precipitation and snow thawing. This contributes to the formation of frequent floods and to the extremely high increase of erosion of the river banks. The Arda River is regulated by 3 big dams. The Kardjali Dam is the uppermost situated. It was impounded in 1964, and has a maximum depth (at the dam) of 103 m, a maximum water volume of 538.106 m3 and a maximum surface area of 16.07 km2. The Studen Kladenets Dam was impounded in 1957. It has a maximum depth of 67.5 m, a maximum water volume of 489.106 m3 and a maximum surface area of 25.60 km2. The Ivaylovgrad Dam was impounded in 1965. It has a maximum depth of 70 m, a maximum water volume of 185.106 m3 and a maximum surface area of 15.25 km2. The dams are used mainly for the production of electricity, and also for irrigation, water supply and fishfarming. They are strongly affected by deforestation and erosion. The waters of the Arda River and the adjacent dams have frequently suffered from the presence of different pollutants, such as: heavy metals and other toxic elements, fine particulate inorganic and organic matter, etc. (RUSSEV, 1959; VELTCHEVA & BATCH-
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VAROV, 1994; VELTCHEVA, 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b, 1998a, 1998b). In the past it was mostly due to the intensive development of the mine industry in the region, and now – mainly to sewerage pollution. The hydrological and morphometrical description of the water bodies is based on data published by MARINOV (ed., 1957, 1981-1984), KAISHEV (1970), PEHLIVANOV (2000), and KOPRALEV et al. (eds, 2002).
Material and methods The material was collected in the period between 1996 and 2002. The following sampling sites were visited: 1) the Arda River, above the Kardjali Dam; 2) the Arda River above the Ivaylovgrad Dam near the town of Madjarovo; 3) the Arda River, below the Ivaylovgrad Dam; 4) the Krumovitsa River, upper reaches; 5) the Krumovitsa River, in the section between Krumovgrad and the river mouth near Djanka village; 6) the Varbitsa River, close to its mouth; 7) the Byala Reka River, near Gugutka village; 8) the Studen Kladenets Dam. The fish was caught mainly with the use of gill nets, as well as seine nets and a fishing rod. In the field, the fish was stored in 6% formalin, keeping each catch separately. In the laboratory, each specimen was measured and labeled. For permanent preservation of samples a 70% alcohol solution was used. The classification of families follows that of NELSON (1994) and the scientific names of the species are given according to the review of KOTTELAT (1997).
Results and discussion A total of 26 fish species have been reported for the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes. They belong to 8 families according to NELSON (1994). The family Cyprinidae is represented by 16 fish species, which is 61.5% of all the fish species, found in the region. A total of 122 freshwater fish species have been reported so far to occur in the Bulgarian water basins and 50 of them - in the Aegean Sea river basins (KARAPETKOVA et al., 1998). Therefore, the number of the fish species in the Eastern Rhodopes amounts to 21.3% of all the freshwater ichthyofauna of Bulgaria and to 52.0% of the Aegean Sea basin ichthyofauna, which is an indication of comparatively high fish species diversity in the region. However, the number of the fish species found in the Eastern Rhodopes is lower than the one reported for the Western Rhodopes (40 fish species, STEFANOV & TRICHKOVA, unpublished data). This is probably due to the low intensity of stocking activities and is related to the introduction of new species, as well as to the irregular studies carried out in the region. The following species currently occur in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes.
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EEL FAMILY (ANGUILLIDAE) European Eel - Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) It was found only in the Arda River (Site 3) (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. CARP FAMILY (CYPRINIDAE) Roach - Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1970 - Rutilus rutilus mariza Drensky), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Perperek River and the Varbitsa River, as well as for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad by PEHLIVANOV (2000 - Rutilus rutilus mariza Drensky). Status: probably autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. European Chub - Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was found in the Arda River (Sites 1, 2, 3), in the Krumovitsa River (Site 5), in the Varbitsa River (Site 6), and in the Byala Reka River (Site 7). It was found in the Studen Kladenets Dam as well (our data). The species was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1970), for the Arda River by DIKOV et al. (1994), for the Arda River basins by VELTCHEVA (1995a, b), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, and for the Byala Reka River by PEHLIVANOV (2000). It was reported also for the Kardjali Dam by VELTCHEVA (1996a), and for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad by PEHLIVANOV (2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. European Minnow - Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the upper reaches of almost all rivers associated with the Aegean Sea (DRENSKY, 1951), for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970), and for the Arda River (DIKOV et al., 1994). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Rudd - Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970), and for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: probably autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Asp - Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) It was found in the Studen Kladenets Dam (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (MIHAILOVA, 1970) Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes.
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Bleak - Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Arda River (Sites 2, 3) (our data). It was reported for all the rivers of the Aegean Sea basin (DRENSKY, 1951; MICHAJLOVA, 1970). It was also reported for the Dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets (VELTCHEVA, 1996a, 1998b), as well as for the Byala Reka River and the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Schneider - Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) The species was found in the Arda River (Site 2) (our data). It was reported for the rivers of the Aegean Sea basin (DRENSKY, 1951; MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Alburnoides bipunctatus strymonicus Chichkov). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Vardar Nase - Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman 1928 The species was found in the Arda River (Sites 2, 3), in the Krumovitsa River (Site 5), in the Byala Reka River (Site 7), and in the Studen Kladenets Dam (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (CHICHKOFF, 1939; MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Chondrostoma nasus vardarensis Karaman), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, for the Byala Reka River, as well as for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000 - Chondrostoma nasus vardarensis Karaman). Status: endemic in the Balkan Peninsula. Bitterling - Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) It was reported for all the rivers in the Aegean Sea basin (DRENSKY, 1951; MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Bloch), for the Byala Reka River and the Ivaylovgrad Dam by PEHLIVANOV (2000 - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Bloch). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Common Gudgeon - Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) The species was found in the Arda River (Sites 1, 2, 3) and its tributary the Varbitsa River (Site 6) (our data). It was reported for the Arda River (KOVATCHEV, 1921; DIKOV et al., 1994), for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa, and Krumovitsa, as well as for the Byala Reka River (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Turkish Barbel - Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 The species was found in the Arda River (Sites 1, 2, 3), in the Krumovitsa River (Site 5), in the Byala Reka River (Site 7), and in the Studen Kladenets Dam (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (CHICHKOFF, 1939 - Barbus barbus cyclolepis, MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Barbus tauricus cyclolepis Heckel), for the Arda River (DIKOV et al., 1994), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, for the Byala Reka River, as well as for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes.
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Macedonian Vimba - Vimba melanops Heckel, 1837 It was found in the Arda River (Sites 2, 3), in the Krumovitsa River (Site 5), in the Byala Reka River (Site 7) and in the Studen Kladenets Dam (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins by CHICHKOFF (1939), DRENSKY (1951 - Vimba vimba melanops Heckel), and MICHAJLOVA (1970), for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, for the Byala Reka River, and for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad by PEHLIVANOV (2000), as well as for the Kardjali Dam by VELTCHEVA (1996a, b). Status: endemic in the Balkan Peninsula. Common Carp - Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 It was reported for the Maritsa River and its tributaries (DRENSKY, 1951), for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970), and for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (VELTCHEVA, 1998b, PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: in the past the wild form was distributed in the rivers of the Aegean Sea basin, but now it is extinct. The cultivated form of the species is widely introduced to the Dams of the Eastern Rhodopes. Crucian Carp - Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: probably autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. Silver Crucian Carp - Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) It was reported for the Dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets (PEHLIVANOV, 2000 Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). Status: introduced. Silver Carp - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) It was reported for the Dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: introduced. SPINED LOACH FAMILY (COBITIDAE) Strumica Loach - Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 It was found in the Arda River (Site 1), in its tributary the Krumovitsa River (Site 5), as well as in the Byala Reka River (Site 7) (our data). It was reported for the Rivers Krumovitsa and Byala Reka Reka (VASSILEV, 1998 - Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev), for the Arda River, its tributaries Perperek and Krumovitsa Rivers, for the Byala Reka River and for the Studen Kladenets Dam (PEHLIVANOV, 2000 - Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev). Status: endemic in the Balkan Peninsula. Note: SIVKOV & DOBROVOLOV (1986) described the species Cobitis peschevi Sivkov et Dobrovolov, 1986, from the rivers in the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea basins. According to ECONOMIDIS & NALBANT (1996) it was a synonym of Cobitis strumicae. VASSILEV (1998) described Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998 (Rhodope Loach) as an endemic species in the water bodies of the Rhodope Mountains. According to
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IVANOVA & DOBROVOLOV (2002) Cobitis rhodopensis is the same as Cobitis peschevi (=Cobitis strumicae). Golden Loach - Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) It was reported for all the rivers from the Aegean Sea basin by DRENSKY (1951 Cobitis aurata balcanica Karaman), and for the Arda River and its tributaries the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, for the Byala Reka River, and for the Studen Kladenets Dam by PEHLIVANOV (2000 - Sabanejewia aurata balcanica Karaman). Status: endemic in the Balkan Peninsula. Note: ECONOMIDIS & NALBANT (1996) considered Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) a subspecies of Sabanejewia aurata (Filippi, 1865) - Sabanejewia aurata balcanica (Karaman, 1922). According to them 3 subspecies of Sabanejewia aurata occur on the Balkan Peninsula: Sabanejewia aurata balcanica (Karaman, 1922), Sabanejewia aurata doiranika Economidis & Nalbant, 1996, and Sabanejewia aurata trakica Economidis & Nalbant, 1996, and only the subspecies Sabanejewia aurata thrakica can be found in the Maritsa River basin. EUROPEAN CATFISH FAMILY (SILURIDAE) Wels Catfish - Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the Studen Kladenets Dam (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1970), and for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad by PEHLIVANOV (2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. SALMON FAMILY (SALMONIDAE) Brown Trout - Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 The species was found in the upper reaches of the Krumovitsa River (Site 4) (our data). It was reported as widely found in the rivers of the Rhodope Mountains (DRENSKY, 1951 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), in the rivers of the Aegean Sea basin (MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus), and as rare in the Arda River (ECONOMIDIS, 1991 Salmo trutta macedonicus Karaman). Status: autochthonous to the Greek part and with a hardly determined status in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes Note: in Bulgaria it is found in the upper reaches of almost all the rivers, as well as in the mountain lakes, and introduced elsewhere. Most likely, in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes the artificially introduced populations of Salmo trutta have long since completely replaced the autochthonous forms. According to the review of KOTTELAT (1997) the species Salmo macedonicus (Karaman, 1924) is distinct from Salmo trutta and it is distributed only in the rivers associated with the Aegean Sea. Rainbow Trout - Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) Single specimens were found in the Arda River (Site 1) (our data). It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1970). Status: introduced.
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SUNFISH FAMILY (CENTRARCHIDAE) Pumpkinseed (Common Sunfish) - Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the Perperek River and the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: introduced. PERCH FAMILY (PERCIDAE) Pikeperch - Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) It was reported for the Aegean Sea river basins (MICHAJLOVA, 1970 - Lucioperca lucioperca Linnaeus). It was also found in the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000 - Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus)). Status: native to the Maritsa River, introduced to the dams of the Eastern Rhodopes. European Perch - Perca f luviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 It was reported for almost all rivers and marshlands associated with the Aegean Sea (DRENSKY, 1951). It was also reported for the Dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets (VELTCHEVA, 1994, 1998a, b), for the Arda River and its tributary the Krumovitsa River, as well as for the Dams Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Status: probably autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. GOBY FAMILY (GOBIIDAE) Tubenose goby - Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811) It was reported for the Maritsa River basins by CHICHKOFF (1939), for the Aegean Sea river basins by MICHAJLOVA (1970), for the Rivers Perperek and Krumovitsa and for the Byala Reka River by PEHLIVANOV (2000). Status: autochthonous to the Eastern Rhodopes. The faunistic survey shows that 19 of all the species recorded are autochthonous to the ichthyofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes. The status of four of them (Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Carassius carassius and Perca fluviatilis) is not clearly defined due to the scarce information available. They are given as “probably autochthonous”. Four of the species are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula: Chondrostoma vardarense, Vimba melanops, Cobitis strumicae and Sabanejewia balcanica. Three species found in the Eastern Rhodopes are native to Bulgaria but they are not typical for the water bodies in this region. Commercially valuable fish species such as Cyprinus carpio and Sander lucioperca were widely introduced to the dams in the past. Carassius gibelio was unintentionally introduced together with the breeding stock. Three species found in the region are not typical for the Bulgarian ichthyofauna. Oncorhynchus mykiss has been introduced to some of the dams and rivers, but it is not numerous. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix has been irregularly introduced to the Dams Kardjali and Studen Kladenets. Lepomis gibbosus was introduced accidentally but it showed a great adaptation potential and now the species is widely found in the water bodies of the Eastern Rhodopes. A total of 16 fish species have been recorded in the Arda River and its tributaries - the Rivers Davidkovska, Perperek, Varbitsa and Krumovitsa, and 10 fish species were recorded
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in the Byala Reka River. Typical rheophilous species predominated. The species Leuciscus cephalus, Barbus cyclolepis and Vimba melanops occurred most frequently maintaining stable and numerous populations. Gobio gobio was reported for all the rivers as frequently found and concentrated mainly in the large and shallow parts (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Although Cobitis strumicae and Proterorhinus marmoratus were not found in all of the rivers, they also occurred frequently maintaining stable populations. Rhodeus amarus was found only in the Byala Reka River, where it had a high abundance (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Alburnus alburnus was abundant in the Arda River but it was not found in its tributaries. Other fishes occurred rarely and it is difficult to make conclusions about the state of their populations. Chondrostoma vardarense was reported for all the rivers but it was rarely found. Alburnoides bipunctatus was found only in the section of the Arda River above the Ivaylovgrad Dam. PEHLIVANOV (2000) reported Sabanejewia balcanica for all the rivers as very rare. Phoxinus phoxinus was reported for the Arda River only by DIKOV et al. (1994). Single specimens of Rutilus rutilus, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Perca fluviatilis were found in the Arda and some of the other rivers, where they most probably had penetrated from the dams. Single specimens of Salmo trutta were found in the upper reaches of the Krumovitsa River. Anguilla anguilla is a very rare, almost extinct species in the Bulgarian rivers. It was found only in the Arda River near the Ivaylovgrad Dam. According to information given by local fishermen juvenile specimens were caught near the Studen Kladenets Dam as well. The comparatively high species diversity in the rivers was determined by the specific morphology of the river beds and substrata, the spawning and feeding migrations of fishes, the penetration of species from the dams and the negligible human pressure and pollution in some parts of the rivers (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Some threats such as deforestation and erosion related to it, hydro-power engineering development, unauthorized fishing and poaching often with the use of explosive and toxic substances, industrial and household pollution, etc., negatively influence the state of the fish populations and fish species diversity in the rivers of the Eastern Rhodopes. A total of 19 fish species have been reported for the ichthyofauna of the three big Dams in the Eastern Rhodopes: Kardjali, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad. The highest number of species (18) was recorded in the Studen Kladenets Dam. The species diversity is higher compared with the rivers due to the introduction of new species. The three Dams had a similar species composition. In the Dams the populations of Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus cephalus, Alburnus alburnus, Vimba melanops and Perca fluviatilis were predominant (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). Chondrostoma vardarense, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio and Lepomis gibbosus were frequently found in certain periods. Some species such as Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Barbus cyclolepis were recorded in the three Dams but their populations were not abundant (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). The species Carassius carassius was reported for the three Dams by PEHLIVANOV (2000) but it was not found during our survey. Commercially valuable fish species such as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Silurus glanis and Sander lucioperca were rarely caught recently (PEHLIVANOV, 2000). The main factors, which negatively influence the fish species diversity in the Dams, are: deforestation, excessive commercial and sports fishing and poaching, as well as industrial and household pollution. Some of the fish species in the Rhodopes have a high conservation status (Table 1). The species Anguilla anguilla is included in the category Threatened (T) of the Red
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Data Book of Bulgaria (BOTEV & PESHEV, eds, 1985). Vimba melanops is included in the category Vulnerable (VU) and the European population of Carassius carassius in the category Lower Risk / Near Threatened (LR/nt) of the IUCN Red List. Another four species are included in the IUCN Red List under the category Data Deficient (DD). A total of five species are included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention. Three species are included in Annex II and one species - in Annex V of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC (Table 1). The regions with the highest fish species diversity and of highest conservation importance are the Arda River in the part above and below the Ivaylovgrad Dam, the Rivers Krumovitsa and Perperek, as well as the Byala Reka River. Table 1 Conservation status of the fish species in the Eastern Rhodopes Family / Species Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinidae Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman, 1928 Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 Vimba melanops Heckel, 1837 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1840) Cobitidae Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) Siluridae Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 Salmonidae Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) Centrarchidae Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Percidae Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 Gobiidae Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811) Abbreviations are given in the text
Red Data Book
IUCN
BERN
DCE92/43
DD
III
II
T
III III DD VU
II V
LR/nt
DD DD
III III
III
II
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Conclusions Comparatively high fish species diversity has been established in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes. A total number of 26 fish species belonging to eight families has been reported, which amounts to 21.3% of all the freshwater ichthyofauna of Bulgaria. The family Cyprinidae is best represented with 16 species. The faunistic survey has shown that 19 of all the species found are autochthonous to the ichthyofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes. Four of them are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula: Chondrostoma vardarense, Vimba melanops, Cobitis strumicae and Sabanejewia balcanica. The results obtained also show the great conservation importance of the ichthyofauna in the region. One species is included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria and 10 other species are listed under different categories of international conservation agreements. Some threats, such as deforestation, hydro-power engineering development, excessive fishing and poaching, pollution, etc., strongly disturb the fish populations. This shows the necessity of undertaking regular monitoring and restoration activities in order to ensure the preservation of the biodiversity of the autochthonous fish species in the water basins of the Eastern Rhodopes.
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Authors’ addresse: Tihomir Stefanov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Teodora Trichkova Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
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Видово разнообразие на рибите в Източните Родопи (България) Тихомир СТЕФАНОВ, Теодора ТРИЧКОВА (Р е з ю м е) Направен е преглед на видовото разнообразие на рибите във водоемите на Източните Родопи на базата на публикуваните досега данни, както и на собствени теренни изследвания, проведени в периода 1996-2002 г. Установени са 26 вида риби, принадлежащи към 8 семейства, което представлява едно сравнително богато видово разнообразие. Даден е пълен списък на видовете със съответните находища и са направени някои таксономични бележки. С най-много видове (16) е представено сем. Cyprinidae. 19 от всички установени за района видове са автохтонни за ихтиофауната на Източни Родопи, като 4 от тях са ендемити за Балканския полуостров: Chondrostoma vardarense, Vimba melanops, Cobitis strumicae и Sabanejewia balcanica. В р. Арда и притоците й р. Давидковска, р. Перперек, р. Върбица и р. Крумовица са намерени 16 вида риби, а в Бяла река – 10 вида. Най-често срещаните видове в реките са Leuciscus cephalus, Barbus cyclolepis и Vimba melanops. Броят на установените в язовирите Кърджали, Студен кладенец и Ивайловград видове е по-висок (19 вида), което е резултат на провежданите зарибителни мероприятия. В язовирите доминират популациите на Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus cephalus, Alburnus alburnus, Vimba melanops и Perca fluviatilis. Някои от установените в изследвания район видове риби притежават висок природозащитен статус: един вид е включен в Червената книга на България, а 10 други вида – в международни природозащитни споразумения и конвенции. Редица фактори като обезлесяването и ерозията, изграждането на хидроелектрически съоръжения, промишленото и битовото замърсяване и най-вече неконтролирания риболов и бракониерството оказват отрицателно въздействие върху автохтонните рибни популации в района. Това налага провеждането на постоянен мониторинг и възстановителни дейности, които да осигурят опазването на видовото разнообразие на рибите във водоемите на Източните Родопи.
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T. STEFANOV, T. TRICHKOVA
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) Boyan P. PETROV
Petrov B. 2004. The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 863-879. Abstract. The paper outlines the species composition and distribution of the amphibians and the reptiles in the Eastern Rhodopes. Besides reviewing all data from the literature many new field records are added. The rich local herpetofauna encompasses 12 species of amphibians (11 in the Bulgarian part, 12 in the Greek part) and 30 species of reptiles (27 in Bulgaria, 28 in Greece). The herpetological richness is mostly due to the mosaic distribution of a large variety of habitats, the particular climate, the low population density and the weak economic development of the region. The distribution of the species was classified on the basis of their relative occurrence in 331 standard 5 x 5 km squares of which 251 are in Bulgaria and 80 in Greece. With regard to their distribution in the region five groups of species were recognized: very rare (e.g. Pelobates syriacus, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta praticola, Elaphe situla), rare (e.g. Bombina bombina, Eryx jaculus, Telescopus fallax), locally common (e.g. Rana graeca, Elaphe quatuorlineata, Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Elaphe longissima), common (e.g. Coluber najadum, Podarcis muralis) and widespread species (e.g. Rana dalmatina, Triturus vulgaris, Salamandra salamandra, Coluber caspius, Testudo hermanni, Testudo graeca, Lacerta viridis). The reasons for the presence/absence, abundance and habitat preferences of the majority of the species are discussed. The conservation status of the species and the threats to the herpetofauna are also discussed. Several sites were designated as holding greater herpetological diversity. Key words: Amphibia, Reptilia, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution, conservation
Introduction The herpetological diversity of a given region depends primarily on its geographic position, climate and habitat heterogeneity. Many other environmental factors delineate the local distribution and abundance of amphibians and reptiles. The occurrence and abundance of representatives of both classes could favor or restrict the distribution and population density of some species of birds, mammals and other animals. Furthermore, amphibians and reptiles are important groups in terms of conservation because many species are endangered by different human activities (e.g. building, afforestation, poaching, fires, etc.) which destroy or alter their habitats. The knowledge of their local distribution provides basic data for the regional conservation planning, mapping and selecting of biodiversity rich areas and their further designation and management as protected territories.
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The herpetofauna of the Greek part of the mountain was a subject of intensive research in the early 80’s when Dutch herpetologists studied the composition, distribution and habitat preferences of all the species found in the region (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985; STRIJBOSCH et al., 1989). Twelve amphibians and 27 species of reptiles altogether were discovered in this region. Bombina bombina and Lacerta praticola were recorded for the first time in Greece. There have been no further field studies to further raise the number of species in this part of the mountain, except for the finding of Typhlops vermicularis in 1991 (H. Strijbosch et al.) and Vipera berus by DIMITROPOULOS (in CHONDRROPOULOS, 1989). Recent herpetological trip in Northern Greece (including Evros Province) was carried out and many species (including Vipera xanthina) were discovered in areas where they were not previously known (JEROEN, 2004). However due to conservation reasons the exact localities for majority of these species were not pointed in details and therefore they were not considered in the analysis of distribution. The Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes were intensively herpetologically studied between 1992 and 2000 (PETROV et al., 2001). Respectively, 11 species of amphibians and 26 species of reptiles were found to occur. Recently, the Cat snake (Telescopus fallax) was discovered in the core of the mountain which raised the number of reptiles to 27 species (PETROV et al., 2002).
Material and methods The Eastern Rhodopes are the southeasternmost part the Rilo-Rhodopean mountain chain. The mountain covers 6005 sq. km of which 4172 sq. km belong to Bulgaria and 1833 sq. km are in Greece. The average altitude is about 350 m and the highest point reaches 1463m (Veykata Summit). The average annual air temperature varies between 8°C and 12.8°C (STANEV, 1973). The distribution of all species found in the Bulgarian part of the studied region was mapped according to the UTM grid system (Appendices I and II). All records come from PETROV et al. (2001). However new field data (listed below) and data by PETROV et al. (2002) and TZANKOV (2003) were also considered. In order to set precisely the ranges of the species we divided the standard 10 km x 10 km UTM squares into four 5 km x 5 km squares. Thus every standard square, e.g. MF29 was split and further considered as four: MF2901, MF2902, MF2903 and MF2904 (Fig. 1). The same surface coverage (5 x 5 km), however not based upon the UTM grid, was used to map the species distribution in the area studied by HELMER & SCHOLTE (1985) in the Greek Eastern Rhodopes (Fig. 2). Thus our analysis is based upon 251 standard squares in Bulgaria and 80 squares in Greece. Most of the marginal squares in the Bulgarian part (ca. 23) are in fact not represented with its full surface coverage (mostly half of it) which hinders the calculation (in sq. km) of the area actually inhabited by a given species. The occurrence of a species in a certain square was recorded even though the species actually occurs in a very limited area of that square. On the other hand, multiple findings (i.e. greater abundance) in one square were not further considered. Thus we aimed to depict the general ranges of all species. Exclud-
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Fig. 1. Map of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountain, Bulgaria (UTM 5 x 5 km grid). The studied area is confined with thicker line.
Fig. 2. Map of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountain, Greece (Grid 5 x 5 km).
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B. PETROV
ing some very small parts of the squares at the highest elevations along the border with Greece, in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes the distribution of Bufo viridis, Bombina variegata, Rana ridibunda, Hyla arborea and Lacerta viridis was considered continuous (i.e. they were considered occurring in 100% of the standard squares involved in the study). In order to rank their occurrence in the region studied the species were classified upon their relative occurrence. The latter (in percent) was calculated by dividing the number of squares where a certain species was found to the overall number of standard 5 x 5 km squares [N= 251 (BG) + 80 (GR)= 331) considered in this study (Figs. 1, 2). With regard to their distribution in the region five groups of species were recognized: very rare found in <1% of the squares; rare - 1-2.9%; locally common - 3-6.9%; common - 7-9.9% and widespread species - found in >10% of the squares. The Latin and the common names of the species follow ARNOLD & OVENDEN (2002).
Original data Bulgaria Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 – 1 specimen, 1.5 km E of Kaloyantsi, 29.04.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1.5 km NE of Selska Polyana, 2.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km E of the pass between Dabovets and Malko Gradishte, 4.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Triturus karelinii (Strauch, 1870) – 1 specimen, 2 km NE Dolno Sadievo, 30.4.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – 6 specimens, Tankovo, Tankovo Hut, 30.4.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) - 1 specimen, Gluhite Kamani above Valche Pole, 10.4.2002, B. Petrov and T. Ivanova leg.; 1 larva, in a stream above Mezek, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 3 larvae, Zlatoustovo, 1.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; Dupkata above Ivaylovgrad, Hr. Hristov leg.; above Madjarovo, Hr. Hristov leg.; on the road between Gorno and Dolno Lukovo, Hr. Hristov leg. Testudo graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) – 1 ‡, Mezek, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 subad., junction to mine “Zvezdel”, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 subad., Gorna Kula, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 ‡, junction towards Brussino, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 2 specimens, Vis, 25.5.2000, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, between Senoklas and Dolnoseltsi, 22.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, the pass between Efrem and Oreshets, 3.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 2 km N of Sheinovets Summit, 4.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 – 1 ‡, junction to mine “Zvezdel”, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 2 specimens, Vis, 25.5.2000, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km E of Malko Popovo, 23.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, between Senoklas and Dolnoseltsi, 22.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1.5 km W of the road between Tankovo and Zlatoustovo, 2.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1.5 km W of the pass between Efrem and Oreshets, 3.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 3 km N of Sheinovets Summit, 4.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.
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Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) - 2 specimens, in a stream above Mezek, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, 1.5 km W of Senoklas,23.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg. Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) – 1 specimen, in a stream above Mezek, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, in Byala Reka River below Vis, 8.9.1997, N. Tzankov leg. Lacerta agilis Linnaes, 1758 – 1 †, “Plateau des Felsmassivs “Arda”, etwa 500 m NN, am Nordufer des Stausees “Studen Kladenez”, Bezirk Kardzali” (NESSING, 1989). This record was not included in PETROV et. al. (2001). Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 – 1 juv, Mezek, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 2 specimens, Dolno Lukovo, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 2 specimens, along the road between Meden Buk and Zhulti Chal, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg. Podarcis taurica (Pallas, 1814) - 1 specimen, Ilieva Niva close to Glumovo, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg. Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 - 1 specimen, Madjarovo, close to NICCER, April 1997, T. Stefanov leg. Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1789 – 1 specimen, junction towards Madjarovo above Dubovets, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, on the road 2 km from Kardjali towards Ardino, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 †, between Madjarovo and Bryagovets, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 specimen, junction towards Brussino, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 specimen, Tankovo, Tankovo Hut, 2.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, Gorata Ridge above Selska Polyana, 2.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) – 1 juvenile, Likan Cheshma, Odrintsi, 11.9.1998, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km E of Gorsko Diulevo, 2.9.1998, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km N of Dabovets, 6.9.1998, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, Mezek, 2.7.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann, 1804) – 1 specimen, on the road close to Siva Reka, 5.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, the fork towards Lyubimets and Krumovgrad above Ivaylovgrad, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, junction towards Huhla, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 2 specimens, junction towards Kobilino, 6.6.2002, B. Petrov leg.; 1 specimen, on the road 1 km from Djanka, 18.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1m, junction towards Pokrovan, 19.6.2002, B. Petrov and H. Strijbosch leg.; 1 juvenile, on the road between Madjarovo and Borislavtsi, 5.9.1998, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 2 km N of Svirachi, 28.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg. Natrix natrix persa (Pallas, 1811) – 1 specimen, Malki Voden, 6.9.1998, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1.5 km W of Senoklas, 23.8.2002, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km N of Sredna Arda Railway Station, 29.4.2003, N. Tzankov leg.; 1 specimen, 1 km E of the pass between Dabovets and Malko Gradishte, 4.5.2003, N. Tzankov leg. Greece Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 – 1 specimen, along Mavrorema river 5 km SWS of Dadia, 8.8.1991, H. Strijbosch, K. Pistolas and P. Babakas leg. Vipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) – 1 specimen, pot-hole Avanos Cave, Avas, Distr. Alexandroupolis, 17.5.1987, P. Beron leg. (the specimen is deposited in the herpetological collection of NMNH-Sofia).
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B. PETROV Results Amphibians Species composition
A total of 12 species of amphibians are known to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes (Table 1). Out of the 16 species known to occur in Bulgaria (BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002), 11 (69%) were found in the region. Out of the 16 amphibian species found on the continental lands of Greece (ENGELMANN et al., 1993), 12 (75%) were established in Evros Province. With less than 5% of the territory of Bulgaria and Greece respectively, the Eastern Rhodopes hold remarkably high amphibian diversity. With the exception of B. bombina, 11 species were found in both countries. Evros Province is the only region where this species was found in Greece.
Distribution The most common amphibians in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes are R. ridibunda, B. viridis, H. arborea and B. variegata. Although their occurrence was not precisely accessed compared to the rest of the species, these species are almost evenly distributed in a wide range of aquatic habitats (for R. ridibunda, H. arborea and B. variegata) as ponds, lakes, dams, streams, springs, riverine lines, etc. or they were found in different habitats all over the area studied (B. viridis). Similar occurrence patterns were established in Greece where their distribution was mapped in details. Together with R. dalmatina, T. vulgaris, S. salamandra and B. bufo we classified these species as “widespread species” for the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes (Table 2). Amongst the rarer species, the Fire-bellied toad occurs along the river Maritsa (= Evros) in Bulgaria but has not been found further deep in the mountain. The same is true for the Greek part of the study area where it stays rather close to the Evros river thus it Table 1 Distribution of amphibians in 5 x 5 km squares in the Eastern Rhodopes Species
Bulgaria squares (n=331) (share %)
Greece squares (n= 331) (share %)
Total (5 x 5 km squares)
Relative share (%) (n= 331)
Salamandra salamandra Triturus vulgaris Triturus karelinii Bufo viridis Bufo bufo Bombina bombina Bombina variegata Rana ridibunda Rana dalmatina Rana graeca Hyla arborea Pelobates syriacus
24 (7.3%) 18 (5.4%) 10 (3%) 251 (75.8%) 25 (7.6%) 251 (75.8%) 251 (75.8%) 21 (6.3%) 9 (2.7%) 251 (75.8%) 2 (0.6%)
17 (5.1%) 20 (6.0%) 1 (0.3%) 33 (10.0%) 30 (9.1%) 6 (1.8%) 32 (9.7%) 62 (18.7% 19 (5.7%) 6 (1.8%) 33 (10.0%) 1 (0.3%)
41 38 11 284 55 6 283 313 40 15 284 3
12.4% 11.5% 3% 85.8% 16.6% 1.8% 85.5% 94.6% 12.1% 4.5% 85.8% 0.9%
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Table2 Classified occurrence of amphibians in the Eastern Rhodopes Category
Bulgaria
Greece
Eastern Rhodopes
Very rare
Pelobates syriacus
Pelobates syriacus
Rare
Rana graeca
Locally common
Triturus karelinii Triturus vulgaris Rana dalmatina Salamandra salamandra Bufo bufo Bombina variegata Bufo viridis Hyla arborea Rana ridibunda
Pelobates syriacus Triturus karelinii Bombina bombina Rana graeca Salamandra salamandra Rana dalmatina Triturus vulgaris Bufo bufo Bombina variegata Bufo viridis Hyla arborea Rana ridibunda
Common Widespread species
Bombina bomb Triturus karelinii Rana graeca
Rana dalmatina Triturus vulgaris Salamandra salamandra Bufo bufo Bombina variegata Bufo viridis Hyla arborea Rana ridibunda
hardly belongs to the herpetofauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (s.str.). The most important environmental factor which restricts its occurrence tends to be the altitude (all localities are below 250m a.s.l.) rather than the presence of specific habitats (cf. BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002; MIHOV, 2002). P. syriacus was found only in one occasion in the marginal areas of the region studied (2 squares in Bulgaria, 1 in Greece). The species is mostly active at night and it prefers sandy soils along rivers. In Bulgaria its occurrence is probably overlooked in some river valleys (e.g. Arda Valley, Byala Reka Valley).
Reptiles Species composition The species diversity of the reptiles found in the Eastern Rhodopes is very high both on European and local scales. Out of the 32 terrestrial species of reptiles found in Bulgaria (BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002), 27 (i.e. 84%) were established in the region. Out of ca. 44 reptiles found in mainland Greece (ENGELMANN et al., 1993), 28 species (i.e. 64%) were proved for Evros Province. Out of the 30 species, which occur in the mountain (Table 3), 25 are in common for both countries. Some species lack in the Bulgarian part (Lacerta praticola, Elaphe situla and Vipera xanthina), another in the Greek part (Eryx jaculus, L. agilis). While the occurrence of L. praticola is highly probable in the Bulgarian part, E. situla and V. xanthina are very unlikely to occur there. The latter is rare in the Greek part (found in only 1 and 2 squares respectively) because the region lies on the border of their European range. It is striking that E. jaculus is not yet recorded from the Greek part since proper sandy habitats are common in many places in Evros Province and the species is found not far from the region (cf. GASC et al., 1997; pers. observations). The record of Lacerta agilis from not adequately described locality on the north-
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Table3 Distribution of reptiles in 5 x 5 km squares in the Eastern Rhodopes Species
Bulgaria squares (n=331) (share %)
Greece squares (n= 331) (share %)
Total (5 x 5 km squares)
Relative share (%) (n= 331)
Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Emys orbicularis Mauremys rivulata Cyrtopodion kotschyi Anguis fragilis Ophisaurus apodus Lacerta agilis Lacerta praticola Lacerta trilineata Lacerta viridis Ophisops elegans Podarcis erhardi Podarcis muralis Podarcis taurica Ablepharus kitaibeli Typhlops vermicularis Eryx jaculus Coluber caspius Coluber najadum Coronella austriaca Elaphe longissima Elaphe quatuorlineata Elaphe situla Malpolon monspessulanus Natrix tessellata Natrix natrix Telescopus fallax Vipera ammodytes Vipera xanthina
60 (18.1%) 58 (17.5%) 14 (4.2%) 9 (2.7%) 13 (3.9%) 6 (1.8%) 13 (3.9%) 1(0.3%) 16 (4.8%) 251 (75.8%) 6 (1.8%) 24 (7.3%) 16 (4.8%) 31 (9.4%) 5 (1.5%) 11 (3.3%) 5 (1.5%) 59 (17.8%) 17 (5.1%) 7 (2.1%) 13 (3.9%) 9 (2.7%) 24 (7.3%) 17 (5.1%) 32 (9.7%) 1 (0.3%) 17 (5.1%) -
43 (13.0%) 45 (13.6%) 22 (6.6%) 34 (10.3%) 8 (2.4%) 6 (1.8%) 27 (8.2%) 1 (0.3%) 37 (11.2%) 58 (17.5%) 27 (8.2%) 15 (4.5%) 11 (3.3%) 25 (7.6%) 24 (7.3%) 1(0.3%) 26 (7.9%) 7 (2.1%) 5 (1.5%) 10 (3.0%) 3 (0.9%) 1 (0.3%) 25 (7.6%) 28 (8.5%) 35 (10.6%) 4 (1.2%) 17 (5.1%) 2 (0.6%)
103 103 36 43 21 12 40 1 1 53 309 33 39 27 56 29 12 5 85 24 12 23 12 1 49 45 67 5 34 2
31.1% 31.1% 10.9% 13% 6.3% 3.6% 12.1% 0.3% 0.3% 16% 93.4% 10% 11.8% 8.2% 16.9% 8.8% 3.6% 1.5% 25.7% 7.3% 3.6% 6.9% 3.6% 0.3% 14.8% 13.6% 20% 1.5% 10.3% 0.6%
ern bank of the dam “Studen Kladenets” (NESSING, 1989) is uncertain and therefore the presence of this lizard in the central part of the Eastern Rhodopes is considered dubious.
Distribution The distribution of the species is not even in the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the mountain. Climatic features rather than (micro) habitat availability are presumed to have greater significance in defining the species occurrence, ranges and abundance Herpetologically Evros Province was studied intensively in the early 80s for a relatively short time (1983-1984) (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985). Since then no detailed research was conducted however further details of the study (e.g. STRIJBOSCH et al., 1989) and of other field studies were published (c.f. BAKALOUDIS et al., 1998; CHONDRROPOULOS, 1989). The distribution of reptiles in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes was studied
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during the 90s over a longer (10 years and more) period but the study covered a much bigger area compared to Greece. The classified occurrence of reptiles based on their distribution in 5 x 5 km squares is presented in Table 4. With regard to the slight but obviously limiting climatic differencTable4 Classified occurrence of reptiles in the Eastern Rhodopes Category
Bulgaria
Greece
Eastern Rhodopes
Very rare
Telescopus fallax Lacerta agilis
Lacerta agilis Lacerta praticola Elaphe situla Vipera xanthina
Rare
Ablepharus kitaibeli Eryx jaculus Ophisops elegans Anguis fragilis Coronella austriaca Mauremys rivulata Elaphe quatuorlineata Typhlops vermicularis Elaphe longissima Cyrtopodion kotschyi Ophisaurus apodus Emys orbicularis Podarcis muralis Lacerta trilineata Coluber najadum Vipera ammodytes Natrix tessellata Malpolon monspessulanus Podarcis erhardi Podarcis taurica Natrix natrix
Lacerta praticola Elaphe situla Typhlops vermicularis Vipera xanthina Elaphe quatuorlineata Telescopus fallax Coronella austriaca Anguis fragilis Coluber najadum Cyrtopodion kotschyi
Elaphe longissima Podarcis muralis Podarcis erhardi Vipera ammodytes Emys orbicularis
Typhlops vermicularis Anguis fragilis Coronella austriaca Elaphe quatuorlineata Cyrtopodion kotschyi Elaphe longissima
Ablepharus kitaibeli Malpolon monspessulanus Podarcis taurica Coluber caspius Ophisops elegans Ophisaurus apodus Natrix tessellata Mauremys rivulata Natrix natrix Lacerta trilineata Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Lacerta viridis
Coluber najadum Podarcis muralis Ablepharus kitaibeli
Locally common
Common
Widespread species
Testudo graeca Coluber caspius Testudo hermanni Lacerta viridis
Eryx jaculus Telescopus fallax
Ophisops elegans Vipera ammodytes Emys orbicularis Podarcis erhardi Ophisaurus apodus Mauremys rivulata Natrix tessellata Malpolon monspessulanus Lacerta trilineata Podarcis taurica Natrix natrix Coluber caspius Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Lacerta viridis
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es in the Bulgarian and the Greek parts of the mountain, the overall size of the two areas (251 vs. 80 squares) and the duration of the field surveys (ca. 2 vs. ca. 10 years), some species apparently belong to another group when comparing the countries. For instance, A. kitaibeli and O. elegans in Bulgaria are “rare” but “common” in Greece; M. rivulata is “rare” and “widespread”. Some species (e.g. P. erhardii, P. muralis) are known to be very common in adjacent areas but due to different reasons we suggest that their distribution in the Eastern Rhodopes (especially in Bulgaria) is underestimated (i.e. they are more common in the region than indicated by the available field data). On the other hand, the composition of the “widespread species” group in both countries is rather similar. The majority of the species in this group are widely distributed within the region as a whole, though their occurrence in the northern and southern parts of the mountain shows some peculiarities. M. rivulata, N. natrix and L. trilineata were found to be far more common in Greece than in Bulgaria. On the other hand, C. caspius is widespread in Bulgaria (found in 17.8% of the mountain) but less common in Greece (7.9%). Both major herpetological studies (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985; PETROV et al., 2001) showed that land tortoises are the most evenly and widely spread reptiles in the Eastern Rhodopes. Tortoises are common in ca. 1/3 of the mountain territory (31.1%) due to the high variety and mosaic distribution of the suitable habitats. In Bulgaria, apart from the specific habitat segregation (mostly open, bushy fields for T. graeca and forested areas or dense shrubs for T. hermanni) T. graeca was found in 58 squares, T. hermanni in 60 squares, sympatric occurrence was found in 33 of these squares (55%). However, we presume that both species live together in at least 70% of the squares, so far more than revealed by the available field data. In Greece, T. graeca was found in 45 squares, T. hermanni in 43 squares, sympatric occurrence was found in 34 of these squares (77%). T. graeca was established to be far more common higher in the mountain (above 500m) than T. hermanni. The latter was established as having higher density close to agricultural lands and along the edges of the hills.
Discussion The occurrence of some species is related to the presence/absence of specific habitats (e.g. human settlements for C. kotchyi; forested areas for A. fragilis and E. longissima; warm sandy soils for T. vermicularis; rocks and screes for T. fallax). No detailed data is available for a particular set of environmental conditions, which could restrict or favor occurrence for the rest of the species. The distribution of O. elegans in Greece was suggested to be confined mostly by ecological restrictions (e.g. competition with Podarcis spp.) as opposed to constraints due to local climatic features (STRIJBOSCH & VAN DER WINDEN, 1999). In Bulgaria, this lizard occurs mostly under 250 m of altitude (Byala Reka Valley, PETROV et al., 2001). After continuous field searches it was just recently confirmed for the region of Mezek (Gorata Ridge), where it lives on a forested slope between 300 m and 650 m of altitude (TZANKOV, 2003). The latter locality is the highest known within the European range of the species (in Greece it was found up to 500 m). Gorata Ridge was pointed to hold remarkably high diversity of 6 lacertid species (TZANKOV, 2003).
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The most frequently encountered reptile in all types of habitats and within a broad altitudinal range in the Eastern Rhodopes is the Green lizard (L. viridis) (BAKALOUDIS et al., 1998; HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985; PETROV et al., 2001). The most widespread and abundant “land snake” in the Eastern Rhodopes is the Large whip snake (C. caspius, 25.7% of the territory). This is mostly due to its low ecological demands for specific habitats, food source or climatic conditions. After Natrix natrix, the Montpellier snake (M. monspessulanus) is the third most widespread land snake in the region, the occurrence of which seems mostly restricted by the climate though its high adaptability and prominent competitive behavior probably play certain role in the expansion of its range particularly in Bulgaria (cf. BESHKOV & NANEV, 2002). Land tortoises (Testudo spp.) were established to occur in high densities in many squares all over the mountain. The region is known to shelter the richest and most compact population of both species in Bulgaria (PETROV et al., 2004). A rough estimation showed that ca. 25% of the overall tortoise populations in Bulgaria live in the Eastern Rhodopes (PETROV, 2002). The Bulgarian part is therefore a subject of special conservation attention, because the relative number of tortoises is rapidly declining due to poaching for food, medical purposes or pet trade (cf. BESHKOV, 1993; PETROV et al., 2004). It is worth mentioning that the record-size T. graeca known to date (carapax length: 389 mm; weight: 5.86-7 kg) was found in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes (BESHKOV, 1997). The largest specimen found in the Greek part had 262 mm carapax length and weighed “only” 2.52 kg (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985). Amongst the possible reasons for the presence of such giant specimens (particularly in Bulgaria) we can point the restricted human access (since the end of the Second World War) and the weak infrastructural and agricultural development of the areas along the border. There is no recent field record of Vipera aspis balcanica, which was found in 1933 close to Harmanli, Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes (BURESCH & ZONKOW, 1934). Its occurrence and systematic position was further discussed by BURESCH & BESKOV (1965) who concluded that this snake could be considered extinct in Bulgaria. Another viper, Vipera xanthina, is very rare in the Eastern Rhodopes, found in only two squares in the Greek part (Loutros- HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985; Avas- new record). All 3 specimens were found on the southernmost slopes of the Eastern Rhodopes close to the coastal plain in the vicinity of Alexandroupolis. Another record of this species comes from Makri, which is the westernmost point of its distribution in mainland Greece and in Europe as well (TIEDEMANN & GRILLITSCH, 1986). Vipera berus bosniensis was not included in the present species list although it was recorded for area of Didymoticho in Evros Province (CHONDRROPOULOS, 1989). In Bulgaria and in the southern Balkans in general, the latter viper was found entirely only in the mountainous zone above 700 m (cf. GASC et al., 1997). Its occurrence in the low and dry region of Didymoticho is hardly possible and it has never been confirmed by other intensive searches in this area. Under certain conditions, confusion with some of the latter two hornless vipers is possible. The diversity, distribution and abundance of many birds (especially the raptors) are known to be closely related to the regional herpetological richness (cf. BAKALOUDIS et al., 1998; HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985). Amphibians (mainly frogs) and their larvae are a significant food source for many species of birds associated with water such as Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardeolla ralloides, Ardea purpurea, Egretta garzetta, Himantopus himatopus, Cico-
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nia ciconia, etc. Lizards are very common prey in the diet of many buzzards (Buteo spp.) and falcons (Falco spp.). Land tortoises are locally essential food for Aquila chrysaetos, A. heliaca and to a lesser extent also for Neophron percnopterus, Aegypius monachus and Haliaetus albicilla. Larger snakes such as C. caspius and M. monspessulanus together with N. natrix are the most important prey for the Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus) during the breeding season in Dadia Forest Reserve. This eagle together with the Lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina), some buzzards and the falcons are the principal reptile-eating birds living in the region studied (BAKALOUDIS et al., 1998). Thus reptiles are an essential element in the food supplies of many species which are of considerable conservation value.
Conservation For a long time the Eastern Rhodopes Mountain has been a region of low population density, relative obscurity and weak economic development. The latter, together with the mosaic distribution of a large variety of habitats and a particular climate, have favored the abundance and even distribution of the rich local herpetofauna. Being water dependent in terms of reproduction or living, amphibians are sensitive mostly to pollution, changes in the water regime or substantial alteration of the aquatic ecosystems. Most reptile species of are primarily vulnerable to habitat changes. Many species have small home ranges, little ability and no instinct to migrate away from agricultural machinery or fire. The majority of the amphibians and reptiles found in the Eastern Rhodopes are listed in international conventions, red lists or national legislation acts (Table 5). Threats due to recent regional development trends raise concerns and impose the implementation of particular conservation activities (e.g. species action plans, management plans) especially for the species with high conservation value. The impact of certain threats on the population density and the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Eastern Rhodopes is presented in Table 6. Table5 Protective status of the herpetofauna according to national and international legislation Species / Protective status
ER
BG
GR
92/43
BERN
CITES
IUCN
Salamanders and newts Frogs and toads Terrapins Tortoises Lizards Snakes
3 9 2 2 12 14
3 9 2 2 5 11
2 5 2 2 8 10
1 8 2 2 10 11
3 9 2 2 11 14
2 1
1 2 1 2 1
Total:
42
32
29
34
41
3
7
Legend: ER - number of species in the Eastern Rhodopes; BG - number of species protected under Biodiversity Protection Act (since 2002); GR – Presidential Decree 67/1981 (FEK 23/A/30-1-81) for the protection of the endemic flora and fauna.; 92/43 - Directive 92/43 of EEC; BERN - Bern Convention; CITES - Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; IUCN - 2003 Red List of Threatened Species (www.redlist.org)
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Table6 Major groups of threats and their significance for the herpetofauna in the Eastern Rhodopes Species / Threats
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Salamanders and newts Frogs and toads Terrapins Tortoises Lizards Snakes
*** *** *** * * *
** *** ** *** ** **
* * * *** ** **
* * ** *** ** **
** ** * ** ** **
* * * *** *** ***
* * * *** * **
Threats: 1 - Water pollution; 2 - Land management; 3 - Re-afforestation; 4 - Disturbance; 5 - Road’s net; 6 - Fires; 7 - Poaching and legal control Impact scale: * - weak or no impact; **- medium impact; ***- strong impact
In Bulgaria, the highest herpetological diversity was established in the valley of the river Byala Reka- 26 species (7 amphibians, 19 reptiles, including O. elegans) and along the river Arda between Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad Dams- 23 species (7 amphibians, 16 reptiles, including T. fallax). Milder climate, habitat heterogeneity and permanent water supply are supposed to favor this diversity. On the other hand, both regions were the most regularly visited by different researchers and that undoubtedly led to the discovery of nearly all species, which inhabit these areas. Part of the Byala Reka Valley, which holds the richest regional herpetofauna, is legally protected (STOYCHEV & PETROVA, 2003). In Greece, the highest herpetological diversity was found within the borders of the strictly protected core areas of Dadia-Lefkimi Forest Reserve (27 species). The old, smallscale cultural landscapes between Melia and Pilea also hold 27 species (including V. xanthina) and around Nipsa, 25 species (including E. situla) were found (HELMER & SCHOLTE, 1985). The management of herpetologically rich habitats in terms of local biodiversity conservation is considered essential in guaranteeing their long-term sustainability.
Acknowledgements I thank B. Barov (BSPB-Sofia), S. Stoychev (BSPB-Haskovo), T. Ivanova (NMHN Sofia), T. Stefanov (NMNH Sofia) and Hr. Hristov (Madjarovo), who helped in the field research and shared their field observations, and P. Beron (NMNH) who kindly provided unpublished data from Greece. N. Tzankov (Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia) provided rich unpublished herpetological data. P. Stoev (NMNH Sofia) gave valuable suggestions, which improved earlier versions of the manuscript. F. Bozarova precisely drew the base of Figure 2. Maria Dimaki and Maria Panayotopulou helped me to present the protective status of the species according to the Greek legislation. My sincere thanks go to H. Strijbosch (Nijmegen) who took part in the research in 2002, provided unpublished data from Greece and kindly reviewed the manuscript.
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Appendix I UTM (5 x 5 km) distribution of the amphibians in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes (outline of literature and original data) (without Bombina variegata, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea and Rana ridibunda) Salamandra salamandra- LF6702, LG4104, LG5104, LG7101, LG7103, LG7104, LG8002, LG8101, LG9101, LG9103, MF0801, MF0803, MF1702, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF2801, MG0103, MG0201, MG1104, MG1203, MG2003, MG2004, MG2201; Triturus vulgaris- LF7802, LF7804, LF7902, LG7003, LG7103, LG8003, LG8403, LG9103, LG9203, MF0803, MF1803, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG0403, MG1101, MG1102, MG2203; Triturus karelinii- LG7403, LG8004, LG8401, LG8403, LG9203, MF2801, MF2804, MF2904, MF3802, MG0103; Bufo bufo- LF7802, LF7804, LF8704, LF8902, LG4101, LG4102, LG4104, LG6104, LG7104, LG8002, LG8101, LG8103, LG8403, LG9101, LG9103, MF0801, MF0803, MF1802, MF1803, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MF3802, MG0101, MG0103; Rana dalmatina- LF3904, LF9902, LG4004, LG4102, LG4104, LG5102, LG8004, LG8301, LG8303, LG9004, LG9101, LG9103, MG0103, MG0201, MG1102, MG1203, MG1303, MG2004, MG2201, MG2203, MG7104; Rana graeca- LG3004, LG4002, LG4002, LG4101, LG4104, LG5004, LG5103, MF0704, MF1702; Pelobates syriacus- MG0403, MG1401. Appendix II UTM (5 x 5 km) distribution of the reptiles in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes (outline of literature and original data) (without Lacerta viridis) Testudo hermanni- LF5904, LF6701, LF6702, LF6902, LF6903, LF6904, LF7802, LF7902, LF7904, LF8804, LF8903, LG3004, LG4004, LG4101, LG4103, LG4104, LG5002, LG5003, LG5004, LG5102, LG5103, LG5104, LG6003, LG6101, LG6103, LG6204, LG7103, LG7202, LG7203, LG8002, LG8003, LG8004, LG8101, LG8103, LG8403, LG9002, MF0803, MF0804, MF0903, MF1704, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF1804, MF1901, MF1902, MF1903, MF2801, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG0004, MG0102, MG0103, MG0104, MG0201, MG1101, MG1201, MG1203, MG1401; Testudo graeca- LF5804, LF5903, LF6702, LF6901, LF6903, LF6904,LF7802, LF7804, LF7902, LF7904, LF8804, LF8902, LF8903, LF9802, LF9803, LF9901, LF9902, LF9903, LF9904, LG4104, LG5002, LG5004, LG6202, LG7003, LG7004, LG7101, LG7103, LG8003, LG8004, LG8101, LG8103, LG8104, LG8403, MF0803, MF0903, MF1704, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF1804, MF1902, MF1903, MF2801, MF2803, MF2804, MF2903, MG0101, MG0103, MG1001, MG1101, MG1201, MG1203, MG1401, MG2002, MG2004, MG2201, MG2204; Emys orbicularis- LG9201, MF1802, MF1803, MF1901, MF2804, MG0102, MG1102, MG1104, MG1204, MG2201, MG2204, MF2804, MG1101, MG2903; Mauremys rivulata- MF0903, MF1803, MF2802, MF2804, MF2903, MG1104, MG1204, MG2201, MG2204; Cyrtopodion kotschyi- MF1803, MF2801, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG0103, MG0403, MG1101, MG1102, MG1103, MG1401, MG2003, MG2204; Anguis fragilis- LG4104, MG0403, MG1101, MG1103, MG1201, MG1401; Ophisaurus apodus- LF6702, LG9002, LG9103, MF1901, MF2804, MF2903, MG0103, MG0403, MG1103, MG1401, MG2002, MG2203, MG2204; Lacerta trilineata- LG6203, LG9002, LG9103, MF1803, MF2801, MF2803, MF2804, MG0101, MG0103, MG0403, MG1204, MG1401, MF1803, MG2201, MG2202, MG2203; Ophisops elegans- MF1803, MF2801, MF2803, MF2804, MF2903, MG2201; Podarcis erhardi- LF5901, LF5903, LF5904, LG4104, LG5104, LG6101, LG6103, LG7104, LG9002, LG9103, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF2801, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG1101, MG1103, MG1104, MG2002, MG2003, MG2201, MG2203; Podarcis muralis- LF5901, LF5903, LF5904, LF6701, LF6702, LG3004, LG4101, LG4104, LG5002, LG5004, MF0801, MF0803, MF1801, MF2903, MF2904, MG0103; Podarcis taurica- LF6702, LF7802, LF8804, LF8903, LF9803, LG6101, LG6103, LG6204, LG7202, LG8004, MF0803, MF0804, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG0003, MG0403, MG1102, MG1103, MG1104, MG1201, MG1303, MG1401, MG2002, MG2003, MG2201, MG2203, MG2204; Ablepharus kitaibeli- MF1801, MF1802, MG1004, MG1203, MG2201. Typhlops vermicularis- LG8004, MF2804, MF2904, MG0103, MG0403, MG1101, MG1103, MG1401, MG2204, MG2301, MG2302;
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Eryx jaculus turcicus- LG9401, MG0103, MG0403, MG1401, MG2204; Coluber caspius- LF5804, LF5904, LF6702, LF6902, LF6904, LF7802, LF7804, LF7902, LF7903, LF7904, LF8704, LF8902, LF8904, LG4104, LG5101, LG5301, LG6001, LG6101, LG6102, LG6202, LG7101, LG7103, LG7104, LG7203, LG7403, LG8002, LG8003, LG8004, LG8102, LG8102, LG8103, LG8303, LG8401, LG8403, LG9103, LG9203, MF0804, MF1802, MF1803, MF1902, MF2801, MF2804, MF2904, MG0101, MG0103, MG0104, MG0201, MG0403, MG1001, MG1004, MG1101, MG1103, MG1104, MG1401, MG2001, MG2002, MG2201, MG2202, MG2203; Coluber najadum- LF6702, LF6804, LF7904, LF8902, LG5302, LG7104, LG7403, LG8004, LG8401, LG9103, MF1801, MF1803, MF1804, MF2804, MG0403, MG1401; Coronella austriaca- LF9803, LG4004, LG4103, LG7403, LG8401, MG0403, MG1401; Elaphe longissima- LF6903, LF7902, LG4003, LG4004, LG7001, LG7104, LG8002, LG8102, MF2903, MG0103, MG1104, MG1301. MG2201; Elaphe quatuorlineata- LG7104, LG7401, LG7403, LG8401, LG8403, MG0001, MG0003, MG1401, MG2204; Malpolon monspessulanus- LG7104, LG8003, LG8102, LG8401, LG9001, LG9302, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF1904, MF2801, MF2804, MF2903, MF2904, MG0103, MG0403, MG1401, MG2001, MG2003, MG2004, MG2201, MG2202, MG2203, MG2204; Natrix tessellata- LF6902, LG3004, LG4101, LG4104, LG6001, LG7102, LG7103, LG8102, LG8301, LG8303, LG8403, MF1803, MF2804, MG0101, MG0103, MG2203, MG2204; Natrix natrix- LF9802, LG3004, LG4101, LG4104, LG5104, LG7101, LG7103, LG7104, LG8003, LG8102, LG8202, LG8203, LG8303, LG8304, LG9102, MF0804, MF1801, MF1802, MF1803, MF2801, MF2803, MF2804, MF2903, MG0403, MG1002, MG1102, MG1104, MG1203, MG1401, MG2201, MG2203, MG2204; Telescopus fallax- MG0103; Vipera ammodytes- LF7804, LG3004, LG4101, LG4103, LG5002, LG5004, LG7103, LG8303, MF0803, MF1803, MF2902, MF2904, MG0103, MG0403, MG1401, MG2001, MG2003.
References ARNOLD E., OVENDEN D. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 288 pp. BAKALOUDIS D., VLACHOS C., HOLLOWAY G. 1998. Habitat use by short-toed eagles Circaetus gallicus and their prey during the breeding season in Dadia Forest (north-eastern Greece). – Journ. Appl. Ecol., 35 (6): 821-828. BESHKOV V. 1993. On the distribution, relative abundance and protection of tortoises in Bulgaria. - Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 1 (1): 53-62. BESHKOV V. 1997. Record-sized tortoises, Testudo graeca ibera and Testudo hermanni boettgeri, from Bulgaria. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2 (4): 593-596. BESHKOV V., NANEV K. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles in Bulgaria. Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow, 120 pp. BURESCH I., BESHKOV V. 1965. Wird die Giftschlange Vipera aspis L. in Bulgarien angetroffen? - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 18: 5-30. BURESCH I., ZONKOW J. 1934. Untersuchungen über die Verbreitung der Reptilien und Amphibien in Bulgarien und auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Teil II: Schlangen (Serpentes). - Mitt. Königl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 7: 106-188. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ.). CHONDRROPOULOS B. 1989. A checklist of Greek reptiles. II. The snakes. – Herpetozoa, 2 (1/2): 3-36. ENGELMANN W-E., FRITZSCHE J., GUNTHER R., OBST F. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 440 pp. GASC J.-P., CABELA A., CRNOBRNJA-ISAILOVIC J., DOLMEN D., GROSSENBACHER K., HAFFNER P., LESCURE J., MARTENS H., MARTINEZ J., RICA P., MAURIN H., OLIVEIRA M., SOFIANIDOU T., VEITH M., ZUIDERWIJK A. (eds.). 1997. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Soc. Europ. Herp., Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur., Paris, 496 pp. HELMER W., SCHOLTE P. 1985. Herpetological research in Evros, Greece - proposal for a biogenetic reserve. Soc. Europ. Herp., Conserv. Comm., 142 pp.
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JEROEN S. 2004. Herpetological trip in northern Greece 30 April - 14 May 2004. - Belgian task group “HYLA”, http://users.skynet.be/stefanie.delarue/greece2004.htm. MIHOV S. 2002. Field guide for the amphibians in Bulgaria. Bulg.-Swiss Biodiv. Conserv. Progr., Burgas Coastal Wetlands Project, Nature series, 2: 46 pp. NESSING R. 1989. Zur Vorkommen der Zauneidechse Lacerta agilis bosnica Shreiber, 1912 in Süd-Bulgarien. – Salamandra, 25 (2): 120-121. PETROV B. 2002. Review of the reptiles (Reptilia) in the Eastern Rhodopes. - In: Project report, Assessment of existing information on biodiversity in the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulg. Soc. Protect. Birds, UN Devel. Progr., p. 12. PETROV B., BESHKOV V., POPGEORGIEV G., PLACHIISKI D. 2004. Action plan for conservation of tortoises in Bulgaria. Bulg. Soc. Protect. Birds, Bulg. Biodiv. Found., Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., 58 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROV B., HRISTOVA S., HRISTOV H.. 2002. First record of the Cat snake Telescopus fallax Fleischmann, 1831 (Reptilia: Serpentes) in the Eastern Rhodopes Mt., Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 15: 143-146. PETROV B., STOEV P., BESHKOV V. 2001. Review of the species composition and distribution of Amphibians (Amphibia) and Reptiles (Reptilia) in the Eastern Rhodopes Mt. – Hist. nat. bulg., 13: 127-153. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). STANEV S. 1973. Annual air temperature. - In: Galabov Zh. (ed.). Atlas of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria. General Direction of Geodesy and Cartography, Sofia, 51. STOYCHEV S., PETROVA A. 2003. Protected areas in Eastern Rhodopes and Sakar mountains. – Bulg. Soc. Protect. Birds, Sofia, Conservation Series, Book 7, 49 pp. STRIJBOSCH H., HELMER W., SCHOLTE P. 1989. Distribution and ecology of lizards in the Greek province of Evros. - Amphibia-Reptilia, Leiden, 10: 151-174. STRIJBOSCH H., VAN DER WINDEN J. 1999. Ecological restrictions in Ophisops elegans (Sauria: Lacertidae) of mainland Greece. - Contributions to the zoogeography and ecology of the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1: 237-242. TIEDEMANN F., GRILLITSCH H.. 1986. Zur Verbreitung von Vipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) in Griechenland (Serpentes: Viperidae). – Salamandra, 22 (4): 272-275. TZANKOV N. 2003. Sympatric distribution of six lacertid lizards. – Xth Scientific Session- 20-21.11.2003, University of Sofia, Faculty of Biology, Book of abstracts, Bulvest 2000, Sofia, 41 p.
Author’s address: Boyan Petrov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Херпетофауна (Amphibia и Reptilia) на Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) Боян П. ПЕТРОВ (Р Е З Ю М Е) Статията обобщава всички данни за видовото разнообразие и разпространението на земноводните и влечугите в Източните Родопи. Освен преглед на литературните данни са добавени множество нови находища за някои от видовете. Установени са 12 вида земноводни (11 в България, 12 в Гърция) и 30 вида влечуги (27 в България, 28 в Гърция). Високото херпетологично разнообразие се дължи на мозаичното разпространение на голям брой природни местообитания, мек климат,
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ниска степен на урбанизизация и слабото икономическо развитие. Разпространението на видовете е класифицирано според относителната им срещаемост в 331 5 х 5km квадрати, от които 251 са в България и 80 в Гърция. В зависимост от разпространението им видовете са групирани в пет групи: много редки (Pelobates syriacus, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta praticola, Elaphe situla), редки (Bombina bombina, Eryx jaculus, Telescopus fallax), обикновени на места (Rana graeca, Elaphe quatuorlineata, Cyrtopodion kotschyi, Elaphe longissima), обикновени (Coluber najadum, Podarcis muralis) и широко разпространени (Rana dalmatina, Triturus vulgaris, Salamandra salamandra, Coluber caspius, Testudo hermanni, Testudo graeca, Lacerta viridis). За много от видовете са обсъдени причините за тяхното присъствие/отсъствие, относителната численост и хабитатните им предпочитания. Природозащитният статус на видовете и заплахите за херпетофауната също са дискутирани. Няколко района в България (напр. долината на Бяла река и долината на р. Арда между Маджарово и Студен кладенец) и Гърция (напр. резервата Дадя и около Мелиа и Пилеа) са посочени като територии с високо херпетологично разнообразие.
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Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes
881
Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes
Stoycho STOYCHEV, Hristo HRISTOV, Petar IANKOV, Dimitar DEMERDZHIEV
Stoychev S., Hristov H., Iankov P., Demerdzhiev D. 2004. Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes. – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 881-894. Abstract. The present paper makes an overviеw of the existing information on the birds of the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes located in the Southern Central part of the country. The total number of the bird species established is 278, amongst which there are 171 breeding species (76 species are resident and 95 are summer visitors), 82 species are winter visitors, 154 species migrate through the area, 15 species are vagrants and 1 species is extinct. It could be noticed there is a high diversity and numbers of the birds of prey. All 37 Bulgarian diurnal raptor species have been recorded in the area. The Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes is important for the conservation of large numbers of rare or threatened species. Eleven species listed in the IUCN Red Data Book occur in the area, 12 species are classified as Endangered in Europe, 46 - as Vulnerable, 13 - as Rare, 32 as Declining. Six sites of high conservation significance were identified. Key words: Birds, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, distribution, conservation
Introduction Fragmented data about the birds of the Eastern Rhodopes can be found in many publications, including these of PATEV (1950), BOEV (1957), DONCHEV (1959, 1963, 1981), PASPALEVA (1965), IANKOV (1981), NANKINOV (1981), ROBEL (1972) and many others. Some studies exist on certain species or groups of birds in the area in question (IANKOV, 1986, 1991, 1998; DARAKCHIEV et al., 1983; PROFIROV & NIAGOLOV, 1984; IANKOV & NIAGOLOV, 1987; BAROV еt al., 1996, and others). The first complete study on the bird fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes has been done by IANKOV (1991). Later additional information was published: an inventory of the birds of the area (GERASSIMOV et al., 1997), the results of mapping the distribution of the breeding birds in 3 key parts of the territory (STOYCHEV et al., 1997), some newly recorded species of the Eastern Rhodopes (STOYCHEV & HRISTOV, 2002), study on birds of prey (HRISTOV, 1997), study on some endangered species (IANKOV et al., 1994b, 1994a; BAROV, 1997; PETROV, 1997; DEMERDZHIEV, 2002 and others), etc. In spite of the above mentioned publications there is no recent and complete overview on the bird fauna of this very interesting part of Bulgaria.
882
S. STOYCHEV, H. HRISTOV, P. IANKOV, D. DEMERDZHIEV Materials and methods
The region under study includes the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes within their geographical boundaries (IANKOV, 1991). The current paper summarises extremely large ammount of information covering the period 1890-2003. The bulk of the data has been systematically collected by the authors since 1969: 1969-1971 – dayly observations; 1972-1993 – monthly and during some periods - weekly observations; 1994-2003 – dayly observations. During the last period the area was a subject of a very intensive study of the whole biodiversity of the mountains within the framework of the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB) research and conservation project. A team of ornithologists collected information on the whole territory, including areas previously unvisited. The total number of fieldwork days exceeds several thousands. Observations have been carried out during all seasons. All available data, published or collected by other persons but not published, were used. We would like to take the opportunity here to acknowledge all our colleagues, who kindly provided their unpublished data. All information is preserved in the National Bird Data Bank within the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds.
Results and discussion Species list and status A total of 278 bird species have been recorded on the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes (Table 1). This is approximately 70% of the species composition of the Bulgarian bird fauna. According to their status they fall into the following categories: Resident Summer visitor Winter visitor Migrant Vagrant Extinct
76 species 95 species 82 species 154 species 15 species 1 species
It should be mentioned that the sum of the species in different categories is higher than the total number of the species in the area as some species fall into more than one category. The number of the breeding bird species (Resident + Summer visitor) is 171. One species – the Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax) that occurred in Haskovo region at the end of 19-th century (PATEV, 1950) is considered now to be extinct from the area (IANKOV, 1991; GERRASSIMOV et al., 1997). Two species considered to be breeding – White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla and Osprey Pandion haliaetus (BAROV et al., 1996; HRISTOV, 1997), have not been observed during the breeding season since 1997. At least 21 other species could occur in the area, as they have been observed in the territories around the Eastern Rhodopes (STOYCHEV & HRISTOV, 2002).
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes
883
Table 1 Species list and status of the bird fauna in the Eastern Rhodopes N 1
Species
Status LAW RDB WBD 2
3
4
5
6
R
I
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Gavia arctica Tachybaptus ruficollis Podiceps cristatus Podiceps grisegena Podiceps nigricollis Phalacrocorax carbo Phalacrocorax pygmeus Pelecanus onocrotalus Pelecanus crispus Botaurus stellaris Ixobrychus minutus Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeola ralloides Egretta garzetta Egretta alba Ardea cinerea Ardea purpurea Ciconia nigra Ciconia ciconia Plegadis falcinellus Platalea leucorodia Cygnus olor Cygnus columbianus Cygnus cygnus Anser fabalis Anser albifrons Anser anser Branta ruficollis
W Wms Wm M W Wm Wms M Wm M Ms Sm Ms Sm Wm Mws M Sm Sm M M Wm W W W W W W
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Thr
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
Tadorna ferruginea Tadorna tadorna Anas penelope Anas strepera Anas crecca Anas platyrhynchos Anas acuta Anas querquedula Anas clypeata Netta rufina Aythya ferina Aythya nyroca Aythya fuligula Clangula hyemalis Bucephala clangula Mergus albellus Mergus serrator Mergus merganser Pernis apivorus Elanus caeruleus
Ms Wm Mw Mw Wm Wrm Mw M Mw Mw Wmr M Mw W W W M W Sm V
+ +
Thr Thr
+
Thr
+ + +
R Thr Thr Thr Ext Thr Thr
Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr
R Thr Thr
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II-2 I I II-1 II-1/III-2 I
CITES BERN BONN IUCN SPEC EURO 7
I
I
I
I
I II-1/III-2 II-1 II-1/III-2 II-1/III-1 II-1/III-2 II-2 II-1/III-2 II-2 II-1/III-2 I II-1/III-2
III III III III III III III
+ + + + + +
Thr
II-2 I II-2 II-2 I I
II II
8
9
II
II
III II II III II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II III II II III III III II II II II III II II II III II III II III II III III II III III II II
10
11
12
3
V S S S S S V R V (V) (V) D V S S S V R V D E S L” S S S
II
II I/II I/II II II
II II II II II II II II II II II I/II
LR/nt LR/cd
3 3 2 3 2 3" 4"
VU B1+2c
II II
3 II II 4
II II II II II II II
S 1 3
II
I/II
2 3 1 3 3 3 3
S 3 S S V 3 S 3 S 1 S
3
4 3
L” V S V
V D V S S V S S S V
884 1 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
S. STOYCHEV, H. HRISTOV, P. IANKOV, D. DEMERDZHIEV 2 Milvus migrans Milvus milvus Haliaeetus albicilla Gypaetus barbatus Neophron percnopterus Gyps fulvus Aegypius monachus Circaetus gallicus Circus aeruginosus Circus cyaneus Circus macrourus Circus pygargus Accipiter gentilis Accipiter nisus Accipiter brevipes Buteo buteo Buteo rufinus Buteo lagopus Aquila pomarina Aquila clanga Aquila nipalensis Aquila heliaca Aquila chrysaetos Hieraaetus pennatus Hieraaetus fasciatus Pandion haliaetus Falco naumanni Falco tinnunculus Falco vespertinus Falco columbarius Falco subbuteo Falco eleonorae Falco biarmicus Falco cherrug Falco peregrinus Bonasa bonasia Alectoris chukar Perdix perdix Coturnix coturnix Phasianus colchicus Rallus aquaticus Porzana porzana Crex crex Gallinula chloropus Fulica atra Grus grus Tetrax tetrax Haematopus ostralegus Himantopus himantopus Recurvirostra avosetta Burhinus oedicnemus Charadrius dubius Charadrius hiaticula
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sm Wv Ws? V S Rm R Sm Ms M M Ms Rwm Rwm Sm Rwm R W Sm M V R R Sm S? Ms S?E? Rmw Ms Wm Ms V S S Rm R R R Sm R M M Sm R Wmr M E V S M Sm S M
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Thr R Thr Ext Thr Thr Ext Thr Thr R R R Thr Thr Thr
I I I I I I I I I I I I
Thr
I
Thr R R Thr R Thr R Thr Thr
I I
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
II II I/II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I/II II II I/II II II II II I/II II II II II II
II II
II II III III III III
II II
+ + +
I
I I I I I I
R I Thr I Thr Thr Thr
+
Ext
I I/II II-2 II/III II-2 II-2/III-1 II-2 I I II-2 II-1/III-2 I
+ + + + + +
Thr Thr R Thr
II-2 I I I
Thr + + + +
Thr
II
III
III II
III II II III II II III II II II II II
10
LR/nt
LR/nt
LR/nt
11
12
3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
V S R E E R V R S V E S S S R S (E) S R E V E R R E R (V) D V S S R
3 3 4
2 3
VU B1 VU C1
VU A1
3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3
2 3 3 3 3 3 S
II III
4 VU A2c 1
II
S 3
II II II II II
4/3" 3
E R S V V V (S) S V S V S S L” V (S) S
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154.
2 Vanellus vanellus Calidris temminckii Philomachus pugnax Lymnocryptes minimus Gallinago gallinago Scolopax rusticola Limosa limosa Numenius arquata Tringa erythropus Tringa totanus Tringa nebularia Tringa ochropus Tringa glareola Actitis hypoleucos Larus minutus Larus ridibundus Larus genei Larus cachinans Sterna caspia Sterna hirundo Sterna albifrons Chlidonias hybridus Chlidonias niger Columba livia Columba oenas Columba palumbus Streptopelia decaocto Streptopelia turtur Clamator glangarius Cuculus canorus Tyto alba Otus scops Bubo bubo Athene noctua Strix aluco Asio otus Asio flammeus Caprimulgus europaeus Apus apus Apus pallidus Apus melba Alcedo atthis Merops apiaster Coracias garrulus Upupa epops Jynx torquilla Picus canus Picus viridis Dryocopus martius Dendrocopos major Dendrocopos syriacus Dendrocopos medius Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi
3
4
Mw M M M Mw Mw M M Mw M M Wm M Mws? M Mw M R V Sm M M M R Ws Rw R Sm S Sm Rmw S R R R Rw W Sm Sm S Sm R Ms Sm Sm Sm R R R R R R R
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
5
6
7
II-2
Ext R
Thr Thr Thr
I/II II-1/III-1 II-1/III-1 II-1/III-2 II-2 II-2 II-2 II-2 II-2
III
I
R R R Thr Thr Thr Thr
II-2 I II-2 I I I I I II-1 II-2 II-1/III-1 II-2 II
R Thr
I
R
I I
I I
I I
R
I I I
8
9
III II III III II III III III III III III II II II II III II III II II II II II III III
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
10
3"
II II II II II II II
4 3" S V” 2 3" 2
3 3
II II II II
3 3 3 3
II
4 III III II III II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
11
4 S 3
3 2 3 3 4 3 2
II II
3 3 2 3 3 2
4 4
885 12 (S) (S) S (V)”
V D” S D S (S) D S D S (S) (S) (E) S D D D S S (S) D S S D (D) V D S S (V) (D) S (S) (S) D D (D) S D D D S S (S) S S
886 1 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207.
S. STOYCHEV, H. HRISTOV, P. IANKOV, D. DEMERDZHIEV 2 Dendrocopos minor Melanocorypha calandra Calandrella brachydactyla Galerida cristata Lullula arborea Alauda arvensis Riparia riparia Ptyonoprogne rupestris Hirundo rustica Hirundo daurica Delichon urbica Anthus campestris Anthus trivialis Anthus pratensis Anthus cervinus Anthus spinoletta Motacilla flava Motacilla cinerea Motacilla alba Bombicilla garrulus Cinclus cinclus Troglodytes troglodytes Prunella modularis Erithacus rubecula Luscinia luscinia Luscinia megarhynchos Phoenicurus ochruros Phoenicurus phoenicurus Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquata Saxicola maura Oenanthe isabellina Oenanthe oenanthe Oenanthe pleschanka Oenanthe hispanica Oenanthe leucura Monticola saxatilis Monticola solitarius Turdus torquatus Turdus merula Turdus pilaris Turdus philomelos Turdus iliacus Turdus viscivorus Cettia cetti Locustella fluviatilis Locustella luscinioides Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Acrocephalus palustris Acrocephalus scirpaceus Acrocephalus arundinaceus Hippolais pallida Hippolais olivetorum
3
4
R Ms Sm R Smw Smw Ms Sm Sm S Sm Ms Ms Mw Mw Mw Sm R Rm V Rw R Mw R M Sm Smw Sm Ms Sm M Sm Sm S?V? Sm V S Sr M Rm W Smw W Rwm M M M M M M Sm Sm S
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
5
6 I I I II-2
I
I
II-2 II-2 II-2 II-2 II-2
I
7
8 II II II III III III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III III III III III II II II II II II II II II
9
10
11 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
3 4
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
4 4 4 4 2 4 3
2 3 3 3 4 4 4" 4 4" 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2
12 S (D) V (D) V V D S D S S V S S (S) S S (S) S (S) (S) S S S S (S) S V S (D) (S) S (S) V E (D) (V) S S S S S S S S (S) S S S (S) (V) (R)
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes 1 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259.
2 Hippolais icterina Sylvia cantillans Sylvia melanocephala Sylvia hortensis crassirostris Sylvia nisoria Sylvia curruca Sylvia communis Sylvia borin Sylvia atricapilla Phylloscopus bonelli orientalis Phylloscopus sibilatrix Phylloscopus collybita Phylloscopus trochilus Regulus regulus Regulus ignicapillus Muscicapa striata Ficedula parva Ficedula semitorquata Ficedula albicollis Ficedula hypoleuca Aegithalos caudatus Parus palustris Parus lugubris Parus montanus Parus ater Parus caeruleus Parus major Sitta europaea Sitta neumayer Tichodroma muraria Certhia familiaris Certhia brachydactyla Remiz pendulinus Oriolus oriolus Lanius collurio Lanius minor Lanius excubitor Lanius senator Lanius nubicus Garrulus glandarius Pica pica Nucifraga caryocatactes Corvus monedula Corvus frugilegus Corvus cornix Corvus corax Sturnus vulgaris Sturnus roseus Passer domesticus Passer hispaniolensis Passer italiae Passer montanus
3
4
M S S S Sm Sm Sm M Sm
+ + + + + + + + +
S M Smw M Wr W Ms M M M M Rw R R V R R R R R V R R S Sm Sm Sm W S S R R V Rw W Rw R Rmw Vs R S S? R
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
5
6
II I
I I
I I
II-2 II-2 + II-2 II-2 II-2 + II-2 +
7
R
8
9
10
II
II II II
II
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II III III II
3 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
887
11
12
4 4 4 V 4
S S S
4 4 4 4 4
(S) S S S S
III III III III II III III
S (S) (S) S (S) S D (S) (E) S S S S (S) (S) S S S (S) (S) (S) S S (S) S (D) (D) D V (V) (S) S (S) S S S (S) S (S) S (S)
III
S
4 4 3 2 4 4
4
4
4
4
3 2 3 2 2
4
888 1 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278.
S. STOYCHEV, H. HRISTOV, P. IANKOV, D. DEMERDZHIEV 2 Petronia petronia Fringilla coelebs Fringilla montifringilla Serinus serinus Carduelis chloris Carduelis carduelis Carduelis spinus Carduelis cannabina Loxia curvirostra Bucanetes githagineus Pyrrhula pyrrhula Coccothraustes coccothraustes Emberiza citrinella Emberiza cirlus Emberiza cia Emberiza hortulana Emberiza schoeniclus Emberiza melanocephala Miliaria calandra
3
4
S? Rwm W R Rmw Rw Wrm Rmw V V Wr Rw Rw Rw R S Wm S Rw
+ + + + + + + + +
5
6
I + + + + + + + + +
I
7
8 II III III II II II II II II III III II II II II III II II III
9
10
11 4 4 4 4 4 3
4 4 3 2 2 4
12 S S S S S (S) S S S R S S (S) (S) V (V) S (V) (S)
Legend: Status - Main (S - Summer visitor; M - Migrant; R - Resident; W - Wintering; V - Vagrant; E - Extinct from the area), Secondary (s - Summer visitor; m - Migrant; r - Resident; w – Wintering; v – Vagrant); LAW – Species protected by the BIODIVERSITY ACT (2002); RDB – species included in the RED DATA BOOK OF BULGARIA (1985) within the folowing categories (R Rare; Thr - Threatened; Ext – Extinct); BERN – Species included in the Annex II or Annex III of the Bern Convention; BONN – Species included in Annex I and II of Bonn Convention; SPEC – Species of European Conservation Concern (TUCKER & HEATH, 1994) (1 - Species of global conservation concern (Globally Threatened Species); 2 - Species, the global population of which is concentrated in Europe and wich have an unfavourable conservation status in Europe; 3 - Species, the global populations of which is not concentrated in Europe but which has an unfavourable conservation status in Europe; 4 - Species, which global population is concentrated in Europe but which have a fvorauble conservation status in Europe); EURO – European Threat Status (TUCKER & HEATH, 1994) (E - Endangered; V - Vulnerable; R - Rare; D - Declining; L - Localized; S - Secure; “ - for wintering population; ( ) - the statut is contemporary).
The representation of the species by orders is shown in Table 2. Twelve out of thirteen orders occurring in Bulgaria are present in the Eastern Rhodopes. There are no representatives only of the order Procelariiformes. The best represented are the orders Passeriformes - 114 species, followed by Falconiformes - 37 species and Anseriformes - 25.
Conservation status of the ornithofauna Eleven globally endangered species of birds listed in the IUCN Red Data List (BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, 2000) have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes. Six of them fall into the category “Vulnerable” (Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus, Redbreasted Goose Branta ruficollis, Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca,
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes
889
Table 2 Species representation by orders Order
Numbers of species
%
Gaviiformes Podicipediformes Pelecaniformes Ciconiiformes Anseriformes Falconiformes Galliformes Gruiformes Charadriiformes Columbiformes Cuculiformes Strigiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Passeriformes
1 4 4 12 25 37 5 7 29 5 2 7 1 3 4 9 123
0.36 1.44 1.44 4.32 9 13.30 1.80 2.52 10.42 1.80 0.72 2.52 0.36 1.08 1.44 3.24 44.24
Total:
278
100
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni and Corncrake Crex crex) and five others - into the category “Low risk – Near Threatened” (Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca, White-tailed Eagle Haliaеetus albicilla, Black Vulture Aegypius monachus and Palid Harrier Circus macrourus). The European threat status is presented according to TUCKER & HEATH (1994) as follows: Endangered Vulnerable Rare Declining Localized Secure
12 species 46 species 13 species 32 species 3 species 167 species
According to BirdLife International categorisation (TUCKER & HEATH, 1994) 163 species fall into the four categories of Species of Particular European Conservation Concern (SPEC): SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC
1 2 3 4
7 species 21 species 76 species 55 species
– 84 species are included in Annex I of the EU Bird Directive.
890
S. STOYCHEV, H. HRISTOV, P. IANKOV, D. DEMERDZHIEV
– 271 species are included in the annexes of the Bern Convention - 197 in Annex I and 74 in the Annex II. – 77 species out of 100 included in RED DATA BOOK OF BULGARIA (1985) occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. – 245 species are protected according to the national legislation (BIODIVERSITY ACT, 2002).
Comparative review of the bird fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes A comparison of the total number of species and the breeding species in the Eastern Rhodopes (278/171) with those of the Western Rhodopes (243/149) (PETROV, 2002), the Strandzha Mountains (280/153) (MILCHEV, 1998), Sredna Gora Mountains (230/ 152) (PETROV, 1981) and Atanasovo Lake (314/48) (MICHEV et al., 1999) indicates that the Eastern Rhodopes have one of the richest bird faunas in the country. No other area in the country has such a high number of birds of prey. All 37 Bulgarian diurnal raptors have been observed in the Eastern Rhodopes, and 23 of them are breeding on the territory. The mountain is of international importance for the conservation of large number of threatened or rare species.
Conservation importance of the area Four out of the 11 globally threatened bird species are breeding in the Eastern Rhodopes – the Pigmy Cormorant, the Black Vulture, the Imperial Eagle and the Corncrake. Two of these species have internationally important populations in the area – the Imperial Eagle (2-3 pairs) and the Black Vulture (1-2 pairs). The region is especially important for the Black Vulture. This is because the Bulgarian and the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes form one and the same breeding and foraging territory for the main part of the Balkan population of this species. A large part of the breeding colony in Dadia Reserve in Greece regularly searches for food in the Bulgarian part. Up to 56 Black Vultures have been observed at the feeding places, organized by the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds in the Bulgarian part of the mountain (HRISTOV, 1997). The Corncrake has a small breeding population - 3-4 calling males. The Pigmy Cormorant was established as a new breeding species in 2001 (STOYCHEV & HRISTOV, 2002) with 3-4 pairs. There has been no evidence of breeding of the White-tailed Eagle and the Lesser Kestrel in the last five years. The Pallid Harrier, the Spotted Eagle and the Ferruginous Duck occur in the area during migration. The Red-breasted Goose winters in the region irregularly and in small numbers. Four Important Bird Areas of global importance for nine biome-restricted species specific for the Mediterranean biome are identified in the Eastern Rhodopes. These species are: the Black-eared Wheatear, Olive-tree Warbler, Sardinian Warbler, Subalpine Warbler, Masked Shrike, Black-headed Bunting, Rock Nuthatch. Important Bird areas of European significance are identified for ten species that have significant populations - the Black Stork, Egyptian Vulture, Short-toed Eagle, Levant Sparrowhawk, Booted Eagle, Eagle Owl,
Birds in the Bulgarian part of the Eastern Rhodopes
891
Scops Owl, Blue Rock Thrush, Olive-three Warbler, Wood Lark and Masked Shrike (KOSTADINOVA, 1997). The territory is of high importance for the conservation of the birds of prey. All 37 diurnal raptors established in Bulgaria occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. It is the only breeding area for the Black vulture and the Griffon vulture in the country. The breeding of 15 species of birds of prey on the relatively restricted territory of these mountains is higher than the average breeding density of this group for the country (HRISTOV, 1997). The National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy (MEINE, 1994) identified the Eastern Rhodopes as a territory of the highest species diversity in the country.
Sites of high conservation significance Six areas, which support large number of species of conservation importance, are identified: Studen Kladenets. The site includes Studen Kladenets Dam and the surrounding territories (KOSTADINOVA, 1997; BSPB National Bird Data Bank). The total number of the species, established within this site is 206. Eight of them are included in the IUCN Red List, 117 are of European conservation concern (SPEC), and 52 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The site is designated as an Important Bird Area of global significance for biome-restricted species specific for the Mediterranean biome. It is also one of the most important sites in the country for the Black Vulture Aegypius monachus, the Black Stork Ciconia nigra, the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, the Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius and the Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus. Under a proposal from the BSPB the site was declared a protected territory by the Ministry of Environment and Water (MoEW). Byala Reka Valley. The site includes the catchments of the river Byala Reka. The total number of species established on its territory is 157, 3 of them listed in the IUCN Red List, 93 are SPEC and 27 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The site is designated as an Important Bird Area of global significance for the Black Vulture and for some biome-restricted species specific for the Mediterranean biome. Also proposed by BSPB and declared a protected territory by the MoEW. Krumovitsa River Valley. The site includes the middle part of the Krumovitsa River Valley, its tributary the Dyushun Dere and the neighbouring low mountain slopes. The total number of species established within this site is 139, 2 of them are listed in the IUCN Red List, 81 are SPEC and 29 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The site is declared an Important Bird Area of global significance for some biome-restricted species typical for the Mediterranean biome. It is one of the most important sites in the country for the Black Stork Ciconia nigra and for the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus. The site was declared a protected territory under the BSPB proposal. Madjarovo. The site includes the valley of the Arda River between the town of Madjarovo and the village of Borislavtsi. The total number of bird species established on its territory is 82, 5 of which are listed in the IUCN Red List, 26 are SPEC and 27 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The site is declared an Important Bird Area of global significance for some biome-restricted bird species specific for the Mediterranean biome. It is
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one of the most important sites for the Black Stork Ciconia nigra and for the Scops Owl Otus scops. Most of its territory was proposed by BSPB and declared a protected site. Gorata Ridge. This is the easternmost ridge of the Eastern Rhodopes. The total number of the bird species established on its territory is 123, 1 of them is listed in the IUCN Red List, 68 are SPEC and 24 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The area was identified as one of the five most important sites for the Birds of Prey in the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains (HRISTOV, 1997). Harmanliyska River Valley. The site includes the Harmanliyska River Valley and the neighboring hills near the village of Stoykovo. The total number of bird species established here is 123, 1 of them is listed in the IUCN Red List, 86 are SPEC and 28 are included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria. The site is identified as one of the five most important areas for the diurnal raptors in the Eastern Rhodopes (HRISTOV, 1997).
Conclusions The present paper shows the extremely high conservation significance of the Eastern Rhodopes for the bird fauna and especially for the birds of prey and for the species of the Mediterranean biome. The existence of a number of very specific habitats in these mountains, although some of them being the result of human influence throughout centuries, is another very important part of the rich biodiversity heritage of the Eastern Rhodopes. All these qualities of the area confirm the urgency of declaring the Eastern Rhodopes a Nature Park (IUCN V Category) under the proposal made by the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds.
Acknowledgements There are many people who have been working with the BSPB scientific teams and experts on the better understanding of the ornithological richness of the Eastern Rhodopes. It is just impossible to mention all of them, but we would like to express all our gratitude for their dedication and help. We thank Boris Barov (BSPB - Sofia), Borislav Borisov (Regional Inspectorate on the Environment and Water - Haskovo), the late Maurice Waterhouse (RSPB), Assen Ignatov (BSPB – Sofia) who helped us with the field research and shared their field observations.
References BAROV B. 1997 Status of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) population in the Eastern Rhodopes, 1995-1996. - In: Conservation of the biological diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 3: 17-20. BAROV B., GERASSIMOV G., CHRISTOV Ch. 1996. Current status of the populations of globally threatened raptors in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. Poster presentation, Second International Conference of the Raptor Research Foundation, Urbino, Italy, 8 p. BIODIVERSITY ACT. 2002. State Gazette, No 77 (In Bulgarian). BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL. 2000. Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, 852 pp. BOEV N. 1957. Supplement to the species list of the birds in Bulgaria. - Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 6: 589-597. (In Bulgarian, summ. French).
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DARAKCHIEV A., GEORGIEVA I., DELCHEV K. 1983. Contribution to the study of some rare birds in Kardzhali district. – Bull. Plovdiv University, 21 (4): 57-66. (In Bulgarian). DEMERDZHIEV D. 2002. Report on the Project: Study and Conservation of the Imperial Eagle in The Eastern Rhodopes. BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria, 5 p. (In Bulgarian). DONCHEV ST. 1959. Contribution to the study of migration and wintering of some birds in Bulgaria. –Bull. Inst. Zool., 8: 161-168 (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DONCHEV ST. 1963. New Data on the migration, wintering and distribution of some birds in Bulgaria –Bull. Inst. Zool. Mus., 14: 111-125 (In Bulgarian, summ. German). DONCHEV ST. 1981. New habitats of some bird species of southeastern origin in Bulgaria. – Аquila, 87: 27-29. GERASSIMOV G, PROFIROV L., IANKOV P. 1997. Species Diversity of the Birds in the Eastern Rhodopes. - In: Conservation of the biological diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 3: 2-10. (In Bulgarian). HRISTOV H. 1997. Status of the Birds of Prey Populations in the Eastern Rhodopes. - In: Conservation of the biological diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 3: 71-93. IANKOV P. 1981. A new breeding site of the Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus Hablizl) in the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains. – Bull. Inst. Zool. Byelorussian AS, Series Biol. Sci., 5: 117-118. (In Russian, summ. Engl.). IANKOV P. 1986. Some observations on the birds of the orders Аnseriformes and Charadriiformes in the Eastern Rhodopes. – Orn. Inf. Bull., 19-20: 111–121. (In Bulgarian). IANKOV P. 1991. The Birds of the Eastern Rhodopes. I. Terms of occurrence and dynamic of the bird fauna. – Ecology, 24: 26-42. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). IANKOV P. 1998. Conservation of the Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in Bulgaria. – In: Tewes E. et al. (eds). The Black Vulture in South Eastern Europe. BVCF/FZS, Palma de Mallorca, 43-45. IANKOV P., KHRISTOV K., AVRAMOV S. 1994a. Changes in Status of the Black Vulture Aegypius monachus in Bulgaria for the period 1980-1990. - In: Meyburg B.-U., Chancellor R. D. (eds). Raptor Conservation Today. WWGBP/The Pica Press, 139-142. IANKOV P., NIAGOLOV K. 1987. Observations on the birds in the Eastern Rhodopes in 1984. – Orn. Inf. Bull., 21-22: 42–54. (In Bulgarian). IANKOV P., PETROV TZ., MICHEV T., PROFIROV L. 1994b. Past and present Status of the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni in Bulgaria. - In: Meyburg B.-U., Chancellor R. D. (eds). Raptor Conservation Today. WWGBP/The Pica Press, 133-137. KOSTADINOVA I. 1997. Impotrant Bird Areas in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds. Conservation Series. Book 1. BSPB, Sofia, 176 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). MICHEV T., PROFIROV L., DIMITROV M., NIAGOLOV K.. 1999. The birds of the Atanasovsko lake. Burgas wetlands publication series, Вourgas, 1: 34 pp. MILCHEV B. 1998. The birds of the Bulgarian part of the Strandja Mountains. I. Species list and status. – Ann. Sofia Univ. “St. Kliment Ohridski,” Fac. Biol., Book 1 - Zoology, 88-90, 25-43. NANKINOV D. 1981. Some observations on the Bulgarian Birds of Prey. – Orn. Inf. Bull., 9: 25–35. (In Bulgarian). MEINE C. 1994. National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Biodiversity Suport Program, Washington, D.C., 116 pp. PASPALEVA M. 1965. Bulletin of the Bulgarian Ringing Centre, Inst. Zool., 2: 1-31. PATEV P. 1950. The Birds of Bulgaria. Sofia, 364 pp. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PETROV Tz. 1981. The Birds of The Sredna Gora Mountains. – Bull. Mus. South. Bulgaria, 7: 9-49. (In Bulgarian). PETROV Tz. 1997. The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Eastern Rhodopes. - In: Conservation of the biological diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 3: 11–16. (In Bulgarian). PETROV Tz. 2002. Expert Report on the Project: Assessment of the existing species diversity of the birds in the Western Rhodopes Mountains. Sofia, 21 pp. (In Bulgarian). PROFIROV L., NIAGOLOV K. 1984. Some observations on the birds of prey in the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains. - Orn. Inf. Bull., 15-16: 78–84. (In Bulgarian). RED DATA BOOK OF BULGARIA. 1985. 2. Animals. Sofia, 183 pp. (In Bulgarian). ROBEL,D.1972. Zur Virkommen von Nonen – und Isabellsteimschmatzer in Bulgarien (Oenanthe leucomela und Oenanthe isabelina). – J. Orn., 113: 445-447.
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STOYCHEV S., STOYNOV E., BAROV B. 1997. Mapping of the breeding bird fauna. – In: Conservation of the biological diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Sofia, 3: 21-38. (In Bulgarian). STOYCHEV S., HRISTOV H. 2002. Review of the Birds in the Eastern Rhodopes. Project report. - In: Assessment of the existing information on the biodiversity in the Eastern Rhodopes. Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/United Nations Development Program, 35 pp. TUCKER G., HEATH M. 1994. Birds in Europe: their conservation status. - BirdLife International, BirdLife Conservation, Cambridge, 3: 600 pp.
Authors’ addresses: Stoycho Stoychev BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria P.O.Box 130 6300 Haskovo, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]; www.bspb.org Hristo Hristov BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria BSPB Nature Conservation Centre “Eastern Rhodopes” Madjarovo, Bulgaria Petar Iankov BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria P.O.Box 50 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected];
[email protected]; www.bspb.org Dimitar Demerdzhiev BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria P.O.Box 562 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]; www.bspb.org
Птиците в българската част на Източните Родопи Стойчо СТОЙЧЕВ, Христо ХРИСТОВ, Петър ЯНКОВ, Димитър ДЕМЕРДЖИЕВ (Р е з ю м е) Обобщава се съществуващата информация за птиците в българската част на Източните Родопи. Общият брой на установените видове е 278, от които 171 са гнездещи (76 вида са постоянни и 95 вида са гнездещо-прелетни), 82 вида са зимуващи, 154 вида преминават през района при миграция, 15 вида се появяват в Източните Родопи при скитанията си. Характерно е голямото видово разнообразие на дневни грабливи птици (Falconiformes) – всички 37 вида, установени в България, са регистрирани и в Източните Родопи. Районът е с високо консервационно значение за опазването на голям брой редки и застрашени видове птици. Тук се срещат 11 вида птици, включени в Световния Червен списък на IUCN, 12 застрашени, 46 уязвими, 13 редки и 32 намалявящи в Европа. В района са определени 6 места от особена важност за опазване на птиците.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Small mammals (Insectivora and Rodentia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Teodora MINKOVA
Minkova T. 2004. Small mammals (Insectivora & Rodentia) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 895-906. Abstract. Six insectivorous and fourteen rodent species were identified in the Eastern Rhodopes during a field survey conducted in 1995-1996. Another two rodent species are known from literature data. Six species that occur in the adjacent areas are likely to be found in the region. The colonies of Spermophilus citellus (a protected species and the main food source for the imperial eagle) were mapped and their abundance was estimated. Despite the efforts of 800 trap-nights, the two rarest species Myomimus roachi and Cricetulus migratorius, reported in the literature for the adjacent areas, have not been trapped. The estimated low abundance of the small mammal populations is most likely due to unfavorable natural conditions, the severe summer drought in 1996, and the fact that many species are at the edge of their geographic range and is less likely due to the human activities. A preliminary conservation assessment and recommendation for management of the small mammal populations was done. Key words: small mammals, Spermophilus citellus, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, conservation
Introduction The check-list of Bulgarian small mammals includes 42 species. In different parts of the country this number varies from 16 to 27. In general, the Bulgarian small mammal fauna contains few rare species, but some of the rarest are of particular interest for all of Europe (POPOV, 1993). In this category are the mouse-tailed dormouse (Myomimus roachi bulgaricus), grey hamster (Cricetulus migratorius), Guenther’s vole (Microtus guentheri), and European souslik (Spermophilus citellus) which were reported in the literature for the Eastern Rhodopes and the adjacent areas. The Eastern Rhodopes is at the periphery of the geographical ranges of many small mammal species, which makes it a region of high zoogeographic interest. It is the northern edge of the range of some Mediterranean species (Suncus etruscus), the southern fringe of the range of few Central-European species (Spermophilus citellus, Microtus subterraneus), and the north-west boundary of distribution of some species from Asia Minor (Microtus guentheri).
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Previous investigations on the small mammals in the Eastern Rhodopes are limited to: two expeditions of Peshev and Angelova (PESHEV et al., 1960b; PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1968), and two visits of Vohralik in Momchilgrad in 1977 and 1978 (VOHRALIK, 1985). Faunistic data from the adjacent territories are from MARKOV (1964) and PESHEV et al. (1960a) for the surroundings of Svilengrad, Harmanli, and Haskovo; ONDRIAS (1966) for Greece; VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU (1992) for Aegean Thrace; KURTONUR & OZKAN (1991) for the European part of Turkey. MILTSCHEV et al. (2004) present a list of small mammal species extracted from pellets of Tyto alba from several localities in Southeast Bulgaria, all of which are outside the Eastern Rhodopes. The aim of the present study is to determine the composition distribution and habitat use of small mammals in the Eastern Rhodopes and to present a preliminary conservation assessment and recommendation for future management of their populations.
Methods The field survey was conducted in 1995 and 1996 as part of the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme. Three 14-day visits (in spring, summer and autumn) were organized each year. Since the small-mammal group consists of various living forms (terrestrial, subterranean, arboreal, and semi-aquatic) different methods for inventory were used. Most terrestrial species (shrews, mice and voles) were collected by pitfall traps, live-traps and snaptraps. Thirteen biotopes representative for the region were sampled by permanent pitfalltraps; on average there were 10 traps per biotope. Fifty live-traps and forty snap-traps were installed in another six localities considered to be suitable habitats for several rare species. The average duration of the live and snap-trap sessions was five nights per location. Collected material was processed in the Institute of Zoology (Sofia) and deposited in its collection. The morphological criteria used for discrimination among closely related species were according to PESHEV et al. (in press). The European souslik colonies were mapped through extensive field survey in suitable habitats and each colony was estimated by the number of holes inhabited in the spring. Considerable pellet material (most possibly of Asio otus) from the village of Gorno Malino (MF18 on the VTM maps) was analyzed and the small mammals species’ composition in this area was determined. The arboreal species (big dormouse, forest dormouse and red squirrel) and the digging species (mole and molerat) were identified through personal observations on animals or mole hills and by interviewing the local people and the colleagues working in the region. The distribution of all species is presented on UTM maps with 10 km grid.
Results Six insectivorous and fourteen rodent species were registered in the Eastern Rhodopes during our investigation. Another two species are known from literature data. Additional six species that are known to occur in the adjacent areas are expected to occur in this region as well.
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Family Erinaceidae (Fig. 1) The four collected specimens of eastern hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) were found in vegetable gardens. According to the local people the species is widespread but rare in the region. Family Talpidae (Fig. 1) Three closely related mole species are distributed in the Southern Balkan Peninsula: common mole (Talpa europaea L., 1758), levant mole (Talpa levantis Thomas, 1906) and blind mole (Talpa caeca Savi, 1822). According to POPOV & MILCHEV (2001) T. levantis is restricted to the Strandja Mountain and the neighboring areas near the sea coast, where climatic conditions (most probably humidity) are the main favoring factor for its distribution. T. caeca encompasses the mountainous areas in the southwest part of the peninsula and is not found in Thrace (NIETHAMMER, 1990; VOHRALIK & SOFIANIDOU, 1992) or further west. The morphological differentiation between these species is difficult and requires intact pelvic bones. Since most of our information about the distribution of the moles in the Eastern Rhodopes was from skull fragments found in pellets, visible molehills, and interviews with local people, it was impossible to identify the species. However, based on the literature data on their distribution, we assumed that the mole distributed in the Eastern Rhodopes is T. europaea. According to the local people this species is a major agricultural pest in the area.
Erinaceus concolor Talpa europaea Sciurus vulgaris Glis glis Dryomys nitedula
Fig. 1. Distribution of families Erinaceidae, Talpidae, Sciuridae, and Gliridae based on personal data (filled symbols) and literature data (open symbols). Grid: 10x10 km
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Family Soricidae (Fig. 2) The bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) were found to be common throughout the region. The water shrew (Neomys fodiens), the Miller’s water shrew (Neomys anomalus), and the pigmy shrew (Sorex minutus) were captured in the mountainous forests in the southern part of the region. The common shrew (Sorex araneus) was not detected by us and has not been reported by other authors. Because of its widespread distribution in Bulgaria and its preferences toward mountainous habitats (MITEV, 1970) the species is expected to be found in the woods in the southern part of the Eastern Rhodopes. The pygmy white-toothed shrew (Suncus etruscus) was not found during the two-year survey of its suitable habitats. According to POPOV & NIJAGOLOV (1991) this Mediterranean species is confined to areas with an average annual temperature above 12oC: the southern Black Sea coast, the valleys of the rivers of Maritsa, Byala Reka and Struma. MILTSCHEV et al. (in prep.) found this species in pellets from several localities in the Sakar Mountain. Vorharlik mentioned the pygmy white-toothed shrew as a possible inhabitant of Aegean Thrace (VOHRALIK & SOFIANODOU, 1992). Distribution of the white-toothed shrew in Eastern Rhodopes is highly likely. Family Sciuridae The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) (Fig. 1) is widespread in the region and is well known to local people. The European souslik (Spermophilus citellus) is a speccies with high conservation status (Table 1) and is a major food source for the imperial eagle (one of the rarest birds of
Crocidura leucodon Crocidura suaveolens Neomys anomalus Neomys fodiens Sorex minutus
Fig. 2. Distribution of family Soricidae based on personal data (filled symbols) and literature data (open symbols). Grid: 10x10 km
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prey in Europe). That made us investigate closely its distribution and abundance in the Eastern Rhodopes. The species occurs in open pasture areas often close to agricultural lands or villages. We found scattered colonies, most of them with very low numbers (Fig. 3). Only four colonies had more than 30 inhabited spring holes. Natural environmental Table 1 Conservation status of the small mammal species of the Eastern Rhodopes and the adjacent areas (*) Species Erinaceus concolor (Martin, 1838) Таlpa europaea (Linnaeus, 1758) Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780) Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811) Neomys fodiens (Pennent, 1771) Neomys anomalus (Cabrera, 1907) Sorex araneus (Linnaeus, 1758)* Sorex minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) Suncus etruscus ((Savi, 1882)* Sciurus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Near Threatened Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus, 1766) Glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766) Dryomys nitedula (Pallas, 1779) Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758)* Myomymus roachi (Bate, 1937)* Мus musculus (Rutty, 1772) Мus macedonicus (Petrov & Ruzic, 1983) Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Sylvaemus sp. Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) Microtus ex gr. arvalis (Pallas, 1779) Microtus subterraneus (de SelysLongchamps, 1838) Microtus guentheri (Danford & Alston, 1880) Arvicola terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) * Nannospalax leucodon (Nordman, 1840) Cricetulus migratorius (Pallas, 1773)*
IUCN
Vulnerable Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Vulnerable
Bern Convention
Recommend. Bulgarian Biodiversity No 43 Red Book 2002
Appendix III
Appendix 3
Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
III III III III III III II
Appendix 3
Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
III II Appendix B III III III II Appendix B Rare
Appendix 3
Appendix B Rare
Appendix 3
Low Risk Vulnerable Low Risk
IUCN - The 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Bern Convention - Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats, adopted by the Council of Europe in 1998; Appendix II – strictly protected fauna species, Appendix III – protected species Recommend. No 43 - Recommendation on the conservation of threatened mammals in Europe (1995) and its Amendment (1996) adopted by the Standing Committee of Council of Europe; Appendix B: Taxa to be evaluated as candidates for conservation or recovery plans Bulgarian Red Book - Red Data Book of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (Volume 2 Animals) published in 1985 Biodiversity 2002 – Biodiversity Protection Act (State Gazette, No. 77 from 9 August 2002); Appendix 3 – protected species on the territory of Bulgaria
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T. MINKOVA
over 30 inhabited holes 10–30 inhabited holes 1–10 inhabited holes abandoned colony
Fig. 3. Distribution and abundance of Spermophilus citellus colonies based on the inhabited holes in the spring. Grid: 10x10 km conditions and the type of planted crops in the Eastern Rhodopes are not optimal for this species – most of the open areas are dry, stony and with insufficient grass vegetation, a significant part of the low hills is covered by xerophilous oak or white pine forests, the southern mountainous part is covered with beech forests, and the main crop in the region is tobacco. The lack of previous data on the European souslik in the Eastern Rhodopes does not allow us to reveal any trend in its numbers. The general trend in most European populations is a decrease in numbers due to habitat destruction and isolation (HOFFMANN et al., 2003). Family Gliridae (Fig. 1) Both the fat dormouse (Glis glis) and the forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula) were well know by the local people. They were frequently abserved by us throughout the region and were numerous in the analyzed pellets. The common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) was not found in the Eastern Rhodopes. There are no data of its occurrence in the adjacent areas (POPOV, 1993). The common dormouse is distributed in thickets and forests throughout Bulgaria, and the southern periphery of its geographic range goes far beyond the Rhodopes. Hence the species is expected to occur in the same habitats here. PUCEK (1989) indicates that the common dormouse has become rare throughout much of its range because of the forest habitat destruction. It is now receiving a full legal protection in most countries where it occurs. The mouse-tailed dormouse (Myomimus roachi) was of great interest in the current study and was object of an intensive search due to its rarity and high conservation status
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901
(Table 1). Our efforts included three trap sessions in the summer with total of 800 trap nights in habitats similar to those described in the literature. The reports from Bulgaria are from lowland open areas close to crops or vineyards, where the species is described as terrestrial. The last report from Turkey are from orchards (KURTONUR & OZKAN, 1991) and indicated a predominantly arboreal life. Our trap stations were set along the Byala Reka River (between Ivaylovgrad and the village of Mandritsa) in both open areas and orchards. No evidence of the species presence was found. This species is a relict of the relatively diversified Pliocene glirid fauna. This group of dormice is now reduced to only two vicarious species: M. roachi and M. personatus (POPOV, 1993). The current distribution of the mouse-tailed dormouse is in Southeast Bulgaria, Turkish Thrace and West Anatolia (PESHEV, SPASSOV, 1985; KURTONUR & OZKAN, 1991). The data on the distribution of the species in Bulgaria are from PESHEV at al. (1960b) PESHEV & ANGELOVA (1968) and MARKOV (1964) who captured it in the surroundings of Svilengrad, the village of Voden and numerous localities in the Burgas region. MILTSCHEV et al. (2004) found it in pellets of Tyto alba collected north of Lyubimets and Harmanli. Remarkably little is known about this species. PUCEK (1989) designates the mouse-tailed dormouse as one of the “top ten endangered rodents in Europe”. According to the IUCN (2002) the suitable habitats are evidently very limited and declining. Family Muridae (Fig. 4) According to the local people the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) inhabits most towns and villages in the region.
Sylvaemus sp. Apodemus agrarius Ms musculus Mus macedonicus Rattus rattus Rattus norvegicus
Fig. 4. Distribution of family Muridae based on personal data (filled symbols) and literature data (open symbols). Grid: 10x10 km
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T. MINKOVA
The Balkan short-tailed mouse (Mus macedonicus Petrov et Ruzic, 1983, previously known as M. abbotti, M. spretoides, or species 4A) is closely related to the house mouse, but is strictly free living species. It was collected by us outside villages. All rats captured or extracted from pellets were identified by us as black rat (Rattus rattus). PESHEV & ANGELOVA (1968) collected a grey rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Momchilgrad and according to them this species is common and numerous in the towns in the region. The group described by us as Sylvaemus sp. includes the yellow-necked mouse (Sylvaemus flavicollis, previously known as Apodemus flavicollis) and the wood mouse (Sylvaemus sylvaticus, previously known as Apodemus sylvaticus). Most of the collected material was either young specimens or scull fragments found in pellets, both of which made morphological differentiation between the two species impossible. Sylvaemus sp. are the most common and abundant rodent species in the region. The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) was found in thickets on the banks of the Arda River. Family Arvicolidae (Fig. 5) Microtus ex gr. arvalis consists of two morphologically indistinguishable species – the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the sibling vole (Microtus epiroticus Ondrias, 1966 = M. rossiameridionalis). In the Eastern Rhodopes these voles are not as abundant as in other parts of Bulgaria (STRAKA & GERASIMOV, 1971), mainly because of tobacco being the main crop in the region.
Microtus arvalis Mirotus subterraneus Microtus guentheri Nannospalax leucodon
Fig. 5. Distribution of families Arvicolidae, Cricetidae and Spalacidae based on personal data (filled symbols) and literature data (open symbols). Grid: 10x10 km
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903
The common pine vole (Microtus subterraneus) was identified by one jaw fragment extracted from a pellet from the village of Gorno Malino. Prior to the current study the Gunther’s vole (Microtus guentheri) has been reported in Bulgaria from the Strandja Mountain and the Sakar Mountain (POPOV, 1983; MILTSCHEV et al., 2004). Its capture on the banks of the Byala Reka River, near the village of Meden Buk, is its westernmost reported occurrence in Bulgaria. Special live-traps were set for the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) on the banks of Byala Reka River near the village of Meden Buk, and the Arda River near Madjarovo, but the species was not trapped. The data provided by the local people was controversial, because this species is often mistaken for rat or mouse. Literature data for the adjacent areas are from the Harmanli region (MARKOV, 1964) and Svilengrad (PESHEV & ANGELOVA, 1968). The water vole is widespread in the country and is expected to occur in the Eastern Rhodopes. Family Spalacidae (Fig. 5) The lesser molerat (Nannospalax leucodon) is a common pest species in the crops and vegetable gardens around Ivaylovgrad and Pokrovan. Its mole hills were not found in the western part of the region and the species was not known to the local people there. Family Cricetidae The grey hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) is remnant of a rich Late Quaternary foreststeppe fauna (POPOV, 1993). Currently it is represented in Bulgaria by small scattered populations in the southeast part of the country (MARKOV, 1960; PESHEV et al., 1960a; HRISTOV, 1985). These reports do not include any findings in the Eastern Rodopes. The species inhabits dry lowland open and shrub areas, often close to agricultural lands. We set 50 live-traps for 8 nights in three similar biotopes south of Ivaylovgrad but the species was not captured. It was not extracted from pellets either.
Discussion With 22 species of small mammals reported so far in the Eastern Rhodopes, the region is not among the regions with the greatest small-mammal species diversity in Bulgaria. Neither is it among the regions with the greatest number of rare species, nor among the localities with the most representative sample of the small mammal fauna (POPOV, 1993). Six additional species, three of them rare (Suncus etruscus, Cricetulus migratorius and Myomimus roachi)(Table 1) are expected to occur in the region and their identification would change the status of the region. The possible reason for not detected the three rare species is the low density of their scattered populations and the severe summer drought in 1996 when most of the trapping was done. This drought led to a severe decrease in the numbers of small mammal populations throughout Bulgaria. Climatic conditions in the Eastern Rhodopes (especially the combination of high summer temperature and insufficient rains), the stony substrate and xerophilous vegetation, as well as the composition of the cultivated crops, do not support high density of the
904
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small mammal populations in the area. Exceptions are the riverbanks and the mountain slopes in the southern part of the region. The fact that many of the species are at the edge of their geographic range also contributes to the low population densities.
Future management and conservation planning The data on the distribution of small mammals could not be used as a sole basis for identification of areas in need of protection, because most of these species are widely distributed, very few species are listed as protected, and most of the rare and protected species occur close to or in the agricultural lands. Small mammals are important prey for raptors, snakes and mammalian carnivores. The survival of these predators and the maintenance of viable populations depend on the small mammals’ abundance and availability. In this context small mammals should be surveyed so as to establish proper conservation planning and define protected areas for the predators. As a consequence of their small size, insectivores and rodents are directly dependant on small-scale environmental factors and respond readily to spatial heterogeneity (MINKOVA & POPOV, 2002). This, together with their intermediate trophic position and high dispersal abilities make them useful indicators of environmental changes in biotic and abiotic environment. The abundance small mammals species could be used for future monitoring studies in the Eastern Rhodopes The economic importance of small mammals is twofold: as agricultural pests and as reservoir hosts for zoonotic diseases. An incompetent use of rodenticides or use of inappropriate chemicals could seriously harm various elements of the biota. The low densities of small mammal populations in the Eastern Rhodopes do not suggest serious damages to the crops or outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, and hence the use of high amounts of rodenticides is unlikely in the area. The most important threats to the small mammals in Bulgaria are the fragmentation and isolation of their natural habitats as a result of human activity (intensification of agriculture, urban growth, road building, inappropriate silvicultural activities, modification of the physical environment, etc.). This treat results in poor local survival combined with inhibited immigration. The natural lowland habitats, including northern part of the Eastern Rhodopes, are of particular importance because of their fast declining area and the destruction of the natural corridors between them, are of particular importance in this respect (POPOV, 1993). The rarest and the most threatened small mammal species in the Eastern Rhodopes and adjacent areas occur in agricultural landscapes (Myomimus roachi, Cricetulus migratorius, Spermophilus citellus, and Suncus etruscus). These habitats may not be of importance for other widelife species but they must be given special attention in the future conservation planning especially in case of intensification of the land use. European souslik populations are particularly vulnerable to the replacement of traditional rural landscapes by monoculture and to isolation of their colonies because they are highly dependent on immigration (HOFFMANN et al., 2003).
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Priorities for future research 1. Continue the search for M. roachi, C. migratorius and S. etruscus to determine their presence, distribution, habitat preferences. 2. Continue monitoring surveys of S. citellus, to determine the population demographic trend and the effect of habitat changes. 3. Establish the population density of food source (sousliks) necessary to sustain the imperial eagles nesting in the region. If needed, reintroduction of sousliks could be planned. 4. Establish database of species distribution in the region that could be used as a base line in comparative studies and long-term monitoring. 5. Conduct monitoring surveys of bioindicator small mammal species (by comparing their abundance, distribution, and survivorship rates in anthropogenic habitats and in native habitats) to assess the ongoing environmental changes.
References HOFFMANN I., MILLESI E., PIETA K., DITTAMI J. 2003. Anthropogenic effects on the population ecology of European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) at the periphery of their geographic range. - Z. f. Säugetierkunde, 68 (4): 205-213. HRISTOV L. Cricetulus migratorius. - In: Botev B., Peshev Ts. (ed.). Red Data Book of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria. 2. Animals. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, p. 141. (In Bulgarian). KURTONUR G., OZKAN B. 1991. New records of Myomimus roachi (Bate 1937) from Turkish Thrace (Mammalia: Rodentia: Gliridae). - Senckenbergiana biol., 7: 239-244. MARKOV G. 1960. Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Hamster (Cricetinae) in Bulgarien. - Bull. Inst. zool., 9: 293304. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., German). MARKOV G. 1964. Insektenfressende Säugetiere und Nagetiere in Thrakien (Südbulgarien). – In: Die Fauna Thrakiens (Sammelwerk). Band I. Verlag Bulg. Akad. Wiss., Sofia, 19-53. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Germ.). MILTSCHEV B., BOEV Z., GEORGIEV V. 2004. Die Nahrung der Schleiereule (Tyto alba) in Südost-Bulgarien. - Egretta, 47: 66-77. MINKOVA T., POPOV V. 2002. Spatial patterns of terrestrial small mammal communities in Central West Bulgaria (Mammalia: Insectivora, Rodentia). - Acta zool. bulg., 54 (3): 55-74. MITEV D. 1970. Etudes sur Sorex araneus L. des Rhodopes. - Trav. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup., Plovdiv, 8 (2): 175183. (In Bulgarian, summ. French). ONDRIAS, J. 1966. The taxonomy and geographical distribution of the rodents of Greece. -Säugertierkundliche Mitt., 14, Suppl.: 136 pp. PESHEV TS., ANGELOVA V., DINEV T. 1960a. Cricetulus migratorius Pall. (Cricetidae) - a new species of mammal for the fauna of Bulgaria. - Bull. Inst. zool., 9: 393-396. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). PESHEV TS., DINEV T., ANGELOVA V. 1960b. Myomimus personatus Ogn. (Myoxidae) - a new species of rodent for the fauna of Europe. - Bull. Inst. zool., 9: 305-314. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). PESHEV TS., ANGELOVA V. 1968. Insectivora and Rodentia in the Southern parts of Bulgaria. - Annuaire Univ. Sofia, Fac. Biol., 61 (4): 89-98. PESHEV TS., PESHEV D., POPOV V. In press. Fauna Bulgarica. 28. Mammalia. Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia. PESHEV TS., SPASSOV N. 1985. Myomimus roachi bulgaricus. - In: Botev B., Peshev Ts.(ed.). Red Data Book of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria. 2. Animals. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, p. 140. (In Bulgarian). POPOV V. 1993. The Small Mammals (Insectivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) of Bulgaria. – In: The National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Volume 1. Biodiversity Support Program, Sofia, 615-630. (In Bulgarian). POPOV V., MILCHEV B. 2001. New Data on the Morphology and Distribution of Talpa levantis Thomas, 1906 (Mammalia: Insectivora) in Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 53 (3): 79-94.
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POPOV V., NIJAGOLOV K. 1991. А new record of Suncus etruscus (Savi, 1882) (Mammalia, Soricidae) from Bulgaria. - Acta zool. bulg., 41: 69-71. PUCEK Z. 1989. A preliminary report on threatened rodents in Europe. - In: Lidicker W. (ed.). Rodents. A World Survey of Species of Conservation Concern, 26-32. STRAKA F., GERASIMOV S. 1971. Correlations between some climatic factors and the abundance of Microtus arvalis Pall. in Bulgaria. - Ann. Zool. Fenn., 8 (1): 113-116. VOHRALIK V. 1985. Notes on the distribution and the biology of small mammals in Bulgaria (Insectivora, Rodentia). I. - Acta Univ. Carol., Biol., 1981: 445-561. VOHRALIK V., SOFIANIDOU T. 1992. Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) of Thrace, Greece. - Acta Univ. Carol., Biol., 36: 341-369.
Author’s address Teodora Minkova Washington Department of Natural Resources 1111 Washington St. SE Olympia, WA 98504, USA e-mail:
[email protected]
Дребни бозайници (Insectivora и Rodentia) от Източните Родопи (България) Теодора МИНКОВА (Р е з ю м е) Шест вида насекомоядни бозайници и четиринадесет вида гризачи бяха регистрирани на територията на Източните Родопи през периода 1995-1996 г. Други два вида гризачи са известни от литературните данни. За шест вида дребни бозайници, известни от прилежащите територии, се предполага да бъдат намерени в района. Колониите на Spermophilus citellus (зашитен вид и основен хранителен ресурс за царския орел) бяха картирани и числеността на всяка колония беше оценена по наличието на обитаеми дупки през пролетта. Въпреки специалните усилия за намиране на Myomimus roachi и Cricetulus migratorius (800 капаноденонощия в подходящи биотопи) тези два редки вида, известни от прилежащите североизточни райони, не бяха уловени в Източните Родопи. Ниската плътност на популациите на дребните бозайници в Източните Родопи най-вероятно се дължи на неблагоприятните климатични условия в по-голямата част от района, на силното засушаване през лятото на 1996 и на факта, че за много от видовете тук минават границите на техните ареали, а не са резултат от антропогенно повлияване. Направени са предварителна консервационна оценка и предложения за управление и монитринг на популациите на дребните бозайници в района.
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) – species diversity, zoogeography and faunal patterns
Teodora IVANOVA, Antoaneta GUEORGUIEVA
Ivanova T., Gueorguieva A. 2004. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) – species diversity, zoogeography and faunal patterns. - In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 907-927. Abstract. A study on the bat fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) was carried out in the period 1995-2002 by using mist netting and checking of known and potential roosts such as caves, galleries, buildings, etc. The existing literature data were reviewed and new data were added for 25 bat species from 86 localities: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. hipposideros, Rh. euryale, Rh. mehelyi, Rh. blasii, Myotis myotis, M. blythii, M. bechsteinii, M. emarginatus, M. capaccinii, M. daubentonii, M. aurascens, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, P. nathusii, P. kuhlii, Hypsugo savii, Eptesicus serotinus, Plecotus austriacus, B. barbastellus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis. Four species (Myotis bechsteinii, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Barbastella barbastellus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.str.) were recorded for the first time for the region. Zoogeographic characteristics and faunal patterns were discussed. Key words: Chiroptera, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece, distribution, zoogeography, faunal patterns.
Introduction Bats still remain one of the less known group of mammals, including the fact that still there are new species described in Europe. The level of knowledge concerning different species is also unequal, the “Mediterranean” ones being less studied than the inhabitants of Central and Western Europe. The Balkan Peninsula remains one of the regions in Europe with the richest but relatively less studied bat fauna. Among the main aims of the present study are a review of available information, investigation of the species diversity and distribution of bats on the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) and an outline of the biogeographic patterns of the bat fauna under study.
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T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA History of research
The bat fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes has not been subject of a detailed study since the start of the present one. On the Bulgarian territory of the Eastern Rhodopes 8 species from 6 localities are cited: Rhinolophus hipposideros (BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967; BERON, 1994), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (BERON, 1994), Rhinolophus blasii (GUEORGUIEV & BERON, 1962), Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.l. (HANÁK & JOSIFOV, 1959), Pipistrellus pygmaeus (DIETZ et al., 2002), Miniopterus schreibersii (NOWOSAD et al., 1987; BESHKOV, 1998) and “big” Myotis (Myotis myotis/blythii) (BESHKOV, 1998). VASILEVA & TODOROVA (1994) mentioned the presence of Nyctalus noctula and Plecotus auritus, but without exact localities. Dr. Ivan Horáček (Charles University, Prague) kindly allowed us to use unpublished data from a database where information for 5 more localities of 5 species is found (Rh. euryale, Myotis mystacinus, M. daubentonii, P. austriacus and P. pipistrellus). The list of the “13 most important bat caves in Bulgaria” (BESHKOV, 1998) includes the cave Yarasa Ini (= the Bat Cave), Kardjali district, with data about the species diversity, size and seasonal dynamics of the bat colony. For the Greek part of the Eastern Rhodopes 20 bat species from 16 localities are known: Rh. ferrumequinum (HURKA, 1972; NIETHAMMER, 1974; KOCK, 1974; ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI & ONDRIAS, 1986; KRYŠTUFEK, 1993; ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), Rh. hipposideros (KANELLI & HATZISARANTOU, 1963; ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), Rh. euryale (KOCK, 1974; ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; CRUCITTI, 1988; IVANOVA, 2000), Rh. mehelyi (HURKA, 1972; NIETHAMMER, 1974; VOHRALÍK & SOFIANIDOU, 1992; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), Rh. blasii (ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; HANÁK et al., 2001), M. myotis (ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), M. blythii (HURKA, 1972; NIETHAMMER, 1974; VOHRALÍK & SOFIANIDOU, 1992; SPITZENBERGER, 1996; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001;), M. emarginatus (ILIOPOULOUGEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; CRUCITTI, 1988; IVANOVA, 2000), M. capaccinii (HURKA, 1972; NIETHAMMER, 1974; KOCK, 1974; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), M. mystacinus s.l. (HURKA, 1972; CRUCITTI, 1988), Nyctalus noctula (ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001), Nyctalus leisleri (IVANOVA, 2000), Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.l. (KANELLI & HATZISARANTOU, 1963; ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000), Pipistrellus nathusii (ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000), Pipstrellus kuhlii (ADAMACOPOULOS et al., 1995), Hypsugo savii (IVANOVA, 2000), Eptesicus serotinus (HANÁK et al., 2001), Plecotus austriacus s.l. (ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1983; IVANOVA, 2000), Plecotus austriacus s.str. (SPITZENBERGER et al., 2001), Miniopterus schreibersii (HURKA, 1972; NIETHAMMER, 1974; KOCK, 1974; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001) and Tadarida teniotis (HANÁK et al., 2001). The Cave of the Cyclops (Maronia) (ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1983; PETROCHEILOU, 1984) and the Cave of Koufovouno (Koufovouno) (NIETHAMMER, 1974) are known as “bat” caves. A bat survey started in 1995 on the Bulgarian territory as part of the Program for Biodiversity Conservation of the Eastern Rhodopes. Additional studies in the adjacent regions of the Eastern Rhodopes in North Greece were necessary for a more exhaustive investigation and were performed in the period 1997-2000 (IVANOVA, 2000). The article of HANÁK et al. (2001) presents all new records and a complete list
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of published records of bats from Greece, but in fact bats in Evros province have not been specially studied, beside the field studies of Dr. Manuel Ruedi (Geneva) in the summer of 2000. New data for the Bulgarian territory were collected during the summer field camp of the Dutch Mammal Society (BUYS & IVANOVA, 2003; VAN DER WAL et al., 2003).
Material and methods Study area The study area covers the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes situated on the border between Bulgaria and Greece and limited to the North by the valley of Arda River (including the northern ridges Kayadjik and Gorata), to the West – by the valley of Varbitsa River and the ridge Zhalti Dyal in Bulgaria, and the valley of Kuru River in Greece, to the South it reaches the valley of Tarnava River and the Aegean Sea and to the East - the valley of Maritsa (Evros) River (Fig. 1). The area is dominated by law mountain and hilly ranges (the average altitude is 300 m). Material The field studies were carried out in the period 1995-2002 in Bulgaria and Greece (217 days). The total number of observed bats is about 160 000 ind. from 24 species (1 species is known only from literature data) recorded in 72 localities. Localities are presented in Table 1 and Fig. 1. List of the material – locality (number, country, name of village, name of locality), date, number of individuals, sex, age, method and observer (if different from the authors) or a reference is presented in Appendix I.
Fig. 1. Map of the studied area and localities where bats were recorded (the number of localities corresponds to those in Table 1)
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Table 1 List of localities where bats were recorded (see Fig.1) No Country and village
Name of locality
Geographical coordinates
1
BG Spahievo
41° 53' N, 25° 19' E art. gallery
400
3
-
MN
2 3
BG BG
41° 49' N, 25° 36' E over river 41° 47' N, 26° 1' E art. gallery
180 200
1 3
-
MN V
4 5
BG BG
41° 32' N, 25° 4' E cave 41° 36' N, 25° 16' E cave
600 580
1 2
-
V V
6
BG
41° 40' N, 25° 18' E cave
400
2
-
V
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
BG BG BG BG BG BG BG
41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41°
300 220 250 400 450 400 400
1 1 2 5 2 2 5
? N H
V V V V V, MN V V
280 280
2 1
-
V V
41° 38' N, 25° 37' E volcanic cave 375
3
-
V
41° 36' N, 25° 38' E building
200
1
-
V
41° 38' N, 25° 38' E cave
260
2
-
V
41° 37' N, 25° 45' E cave
300
4
-
V
41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41° 41°
cave cave cave building building art. gallery art. gallery
380 380 380 450 220 350 200
3 1 9 1 1 1 1
N -
V MN V, MN V, M V V V
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E art. gallery
160
8
-
V, MN
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E between rocks 180
1
-
V
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E art. gallery
180
1
-
MN
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E building 41° 37' N, 25° 52' E building
200 180
1 1
N N
V V
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E art. gallery
380
2
-
V
41° 37' N, 25° 52' E rocky crevice
200
1
-
V
16 BG 17 BG 18 BG 19 BG 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
BG BG BG BG BG BG BG
27 BG
28 BG 29 BG 30 BG 31 BG
32 BG 33 BG
5
38' N, 25° 22' E 37' N, 25° 25' E 37' N, 25° 28' E 40' N, 25° 31' E 40' N, 25° 31' E 42' N, 25° 31' E 40' N, 25° 37' E
building cave cave volcanic cave volcanic cave cave cave
41° 38' N, 25° 37' E cave 41° 38' N, 25° 37' E cave
36' 36' 36' 40' 37' 43' 37'
N, N, N, N, N, N, N,
25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25°
45' 45' 45' 49' 46' 25' 52'
E E E E E E E
6
Method
2
artificial gallery in a hill Knizhovnik over a bridge Lozen art. gallery between Lozen and Cherna Mogila Byal Izvor Djin Gugu Cave Kobilyane Vodnata Peshtera Cave Dazhdovnitsa Hasarskata Peshtera Cave Kardjali Kardjali Ostrovitsa Tilki Ini Cave Shiroko Pole Karangil Cave Visoka Polyana Yarasa Ini Cave Visoka Polyana Gyumbyurdek Ini Cave Madrets Maarata Cave Byala Polyana Manaf Koyusyu Cave Byal Kladenets Karadjainler Cave Byal Kladenets Malkata Peshtera Cave Byal Kladenets Goljamata Peshtera Cave Studen Kladenets Studen Kladenets Dam, the dam wall Svetoslav rocky niche in river bank, S of the village Dolno Zandana Cave Cherkovishte Oreshari Gouk In Cave Oreshari Bliznatsite Cave Oreshari Karangin Cave Dolni Glavanak building Strandjevo building Stremtsi gallery Madjarovo galleries №1 & №2, near the road to Haskovo Madjarovo gallery №3, right under the road to Borislavtsi Madjarovo between rocks in Peshter-Dere Valley Madjarovo gallery №4, left to the road toBryagovets Madjarovo buildings in the village Madjarovo Nature Inf. Conservation Center (NICCER) Madjarovo gallery №5, road to Senoklas Madjarovo rocky cliff Kovan Kaya
4
Alt. (m) Number of species
1
14 BG 15 BG
3
Type of locality
7
8
Mammalia: Chiroptera 1
2
34 BG Gaberovo
3
4
Caves in Gyurgen41° 37' N, 25° 55' E Dere Valley (1, 2 ,3, 4) 35 BG Efrem building 41° 43' N, 25° 55' E 36 BG Malki Voden building 41° 40' N, 25° 56' E 37 BG Dabovets over Dalbokata River 41° 40' N, 26° 0' E 38 BG Ivaylovgrad Dam Electric Power 41° 34' N, 26° 6' E Station Ivaylovgrad 39 BG Ivaylovgrad Dam abandoned buildings 41° 34' N, 26° 6' E 40 BG Ivaylovgrad Dupkata Cave 41° 31' N, 26° 7' E 41 BG Ivaylovgrad the municipality 41° 31' N, 26° 7' E building 42 BG Tarnovtsi Karaguk Cave 41° 30' N, 25° 15' E 43 BG Momchilgrad over water 41° 31' N, 25° 25' E 44 BG Momchilgrad Momchilgrad 41° 31' N, 25° 25' E 45 BG Tatul a karstic acve 41° 32' N, 25° 33' E 46 BG Tatul small volcanic caves 41° 32' N, 25° 33' E near the village 47 BG Belopolyane Balopolyanskata 41° 27' N, 26° 8' E Peshtera Cave 48 BG Kostilkovo abandoned village 41° 25' N, 26° 3' E 49 BG Dolno Lukovo bridge over Byala 41° 22' N, 26° 4' E Reka River 50 BG Meden Buk over Byala reka River 41° 22' N, 26° 1' E 51 BG Zhalti Chal abandoned house 41° 21' N, 26° 0' E 52 BG Beli Dol Caves (1 and 2) 41° 25' N, 25° 56' E 53 BG Beli Dol Mechkina Dupka Cave 41° 25' N, 25° 56' E 54 BG Gugutka over Chukurska River 41° 25' N, 25° 55' E 55 BG Strazhets abandoned house 41° 22' N, 25° 52' E 56 BG Malka Chinka under a bridge on the 41° 22' N, 25° 31' road to Golyama Chinka 57 BG Ribino Kondjalar Cave 41° 22' N, 25° 31' 58 BG Ribino Ayna Ini Cave 41° 22' N, 25° 31' 59 BG Ribino Brashlyanovata Cave 41° 22' N, 25° 31' 60 BG Ribino Prilepnata Cave 41° 22' N, 25° 31' Samara Cave 41° 22' N, 25° 31' 61 BG Ribino 62 BG Kremen cave 41° 19' N, 25° 21' E 63 BG Kremen Golyamata Peshtera 41° 19' N, 25° 21' E Cave 64 GR Didimotichon cave 41° 21' N, 26° 29' E 65 GR Koufovouno Cave of Koufovouno 41° 22' N, 26° 26' E 66 GR Giannouli military bunker 41° 13' N, 26° 11' E 67 GR Dadia galleries Tsoutourou 41° 8' N, 26° 13' E (1,2,3) 68 GR Dadia galleries Saint Barbara 41° 8' N, 26° 13' E 69 GR Kotronia art. gallery 41° 10' N, 26° 7' E 70 GR Kotronia over Diavolorema River 41° 9' N, 26° 7' E 71 GR Dadia Diavolorema River, 41° 7' N, 26° 13' E NW of Dadaia 72 GR Dadia Diavolorema River, 41° 7' N, 26° 13' E near bridge of Dadia 73 GR Dadia rocky hill SW of 41° 7' N, 26° 13' E Dadaia 74 GR Dadia Kamilata Cave 41° 7' N, 26° 13' E 75 GR Lefkimi Bouba Lefkimis Cave 41° 1' N, 26° 11' E 76 GR Lira small pond W of Lira 41° 4' N, 26° 16' E 77 GR Provatonas big rocky niche 41° 1' N, 26° 15' E 78 GR Provatonas over Provatonas river 41° 1' N, 26° 15' E 79 GR Lefkimi Cave 41° 1' N, 26° 11' E 80 GR Esimi Esimi 41° 4' N, 25° 53' E 81 GR Avas Avantos Cave 40° 55' N, 25° 55' E
5
6
7
911 8
volcaniccave
500
5
N
V, MN
building building over river building
320 120 160 100
1 1 2 3
N N
V V, M MN V
building cave building
80 350 180
2 3 1
N N
V, MN V V
cave over river building cave volcaniccave
400 320 320 340 380
3 2 2 1 1
-
V MN V V V
cave
200
2
-
V, MN
building over river
340 100
1 2
-
V MN
over river building cave cave over river building over river
100 400 200 200 200 440 380
3 1 1 2 1 1 1
-
MN V V V MN V MN
cave cave cave cave cave cave cave
460 400 415 410 410 500 500
3 9 2 1 10 1 1
N V, MN N, H V, MN, TT V V H V, MN V V
cave cave building art. gallery
90 90 200 230
7 6 1 6
N N N
V, MN V, TT V V
art. gallery art. gallery over river over river
240 300 160 100
4 1 4 5
H -
V, MN V MN MN
over river
20
4
-
MN
on rocky hill 100
1
-
MN
volcanic cave volcanic cave over river volcanic cave over river volcanic cave building cave
8 4 1 6 2 2 1 3
(N) N (N)
V, MN V MN V, MN MN ? ? ?
450 260 20 90 80 100 700 150
912 1 82 83 84 85 86
T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA 2
GR GR GR GR GR
Kirki Alexandroupoli Makri Maronia Maronia
3
4
river 6 km E ? ? creek 2 km SW Cave of the Cyclops
40° 40° 40° 39° 39°
58' N, 25° 50' E 51' N, 25° 52' E 51' N, 25° 14' E 54' N, 25° 32' E 54' N, 25° 33' E
5
6
over river ? ? over river cave
300 0 50 170 190
7 2 2 1 1 8
8 N,H
MN ? ? ? V, TT
N = nursery colony of one or several species, H = hibernacula (>20 ind.)
In the text and tables the following abbreviations are used: BG = Bulgaria; GR = Greece; V = visual observation; MN = mist netting; TT = Tuttle trap; M = manual catching; BD = ultrasound bat detector; ind. = individuals; ad = adult; juv = juvenile; BP = Boyan Petrov; PB = Petar Beron; IH = Ivan Horáček; VZZ = information collected during the summer camp of the Dutch Mammal Society. Methods The species diversity was determined by using the following methods: visual observations; mist netting from April to October at cave entrances, over small streams, around buildings, etc.; catching with harp (Tuttle) trap; checking of potential roosts - caves, artificial galleries, buildings, tree holes, etc. For every caught individual the following features were determined - species, sex, age and reproductive status; morphometric measurements were taken. The localities (roosts) were identified by using available literature data, questionnaires among local people and checking of potential roosts. A detailed survey has been done on the underground roosts. From the 140 known caves in the Bulgarian part (data from the catalogue of the Bulgarian Speleological Federation), 80 were checked (including all caves longer than 20 m) and assessed as recent or potential bat roosts. All caves in Greece known from the literature were checked also. Petterson D100 and D200 ultrasound bat detectors were used to search for roosts, count the size of colonies and for species determination. Subfossil material was collected and determined from underground roosts. The field work was done under license of the Ministry of environment and waters (BG) and the Ministry of environment, agriculture and regional planning (GR).
Results and discussion Species diversity On the study territory of the Eastern Rhodopes 25 bat species are recorded (Table 2). They represent 70% (3 families and 10 genus) of the total number of 351 species (3 families and 10 genus) inhabiting the continental part of Europe and indicate a high diversity of bat fauna on European level. The species Myotis bechsteinii, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Barbastel1
The number of European bat species is presented according SCHOBER & GRIMMBERGER (1998) plus the lately described species: Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Myotis alcathoe, M. aurascens, Plecotus kolombatovici, P. macrobullaris.
Mammalia: Chiroptera
913
Table 2 List of bat species recorded in the Eastern Rhodopes and their occurrence Species
RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Rhinolophus hipposideros Rhinolophus euryale Rhinolophus mehelyi Rhinolophus blasii VESPERTILIONIDAE Myotis myotis Myotis blythii Myotis bechsteinii Myotis emarginatus Myotis capaccinii Myotis daubentonii Myotis mystacinus s.l. Myotis aurascens Nyctalus noctula Nyctalus leisleri Nyctalus lasiopterus Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.l. Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. str. Pipistrellus pygmaeus Pipistrellus nathusii Pipistrellus kuhlii Hypsugo savii Eptesicus serotinus Plecotus austriacus s.l. Plecotus austriacus s. str. Barbastella barbastellus Miniopterus schreibersii MOLOSSIDAE Tadarida teniotis
BG
GR
Number of localities
% of the total number of localities (n = 86)
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
47 37 15 5 11
55 43 17 6 13
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (+) + +
+ + + + + + + + + (+) + + + + + + +
16 6 2 7 15 2 6 1 6 1 1 15 4 1 2 1 8 6 13 1 1 13
19 7 2 8 17 2 7 1 7 1 1 17 5 1 2 1 9 7 15 1 1 15
+
+
3
3
la barbastellus and P. pipistrellus s.str. are recorded for the first time for the studied area. P. kuhlii is known only from literature data. For the territory of Bulgaria 21 species (3 families and 10 genus) or 66 % of the bat fauna of the country are recorded. Eleven (11) species are recorded for the first time for the area: Rh. mehelyi, M. bechsteinii, M. emarginatus, M. capaccinii, M. daubentonii, H. savii, E. serotinus, Nyctalus lasiopterus, B. barbastellus, Tadarida teniotis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus s.str. For the territory of Greece 21 species are recorded (3 families and 9 genus) or 66% of the country bat fauna (32 bat species, after HANÁK et al. 2001). One species - M. bechsteinii is recorded for the first time for the area. The distribution of recorded species among the known 86 localities and their occurrence is presented in Table 2. With highest number of known localities and respectively highest percentage of occurrence are the species Rh. ferrumequinum and Rh. hipposideros (55% and 43%), followed by M. myotis (19%), Rh. euryale, M. capaccinii and P. pipistrellus
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T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
s.l. (17%), P. austriacus and M. schreibersii (15%), Rh. blasii (13%), H. savii (9%), M. emarginatus (8%). The occurrence of the rest of the species is 1% to 6%. Zoogeographic characteristic The views concerning the origin and zoogeography of the recent mammal fauna of Bulgaria, including the bat fauna, are summarized by POPOV & DELCHEV (1997) and POPOV (1997). Large-scale biogeographic patterns and major trends of Palearctic bat fauna are revealed by HORÁČEK et al. (2000) based on detailed taxonomic and biogeographic analysis. The zoogeographic patterns of the European bat fauna according POPOV (1997) and HORÁČEK et al. (2000) are similar in principle, with main differences in the concept for the range of the zoogeographical categories. The zoogeographic characteristics of the bat fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes are based on the concept of HORÁČEK et al. (2000) (Table 3) and presented in Table 4. Table 3 Zoogeographic patterns in European bat species (after HORÁČEK et al., 2000) Faunal complex
Species
1. Boreal (Species, related to the coniferous (taiga) and mixed forests)
P. auritus E. nilssonii V. murinus
M. brandtii M. daubentonii M. dasycneme
2. Nemoral (Species, reaching maximal abundance in the temperate deciduous forests)
N. noctula N. leisleri N. lasiopterus P. nathusii (P. pygmaeus ?)
M. nattereri M. bechsteinii M. mystacinus B. barbastellus
3.1 Species that essentially extends their ranges beyond limits of the Mediterranean
Rh. ferrumequinum Rh. hipposideros P. pipistrellus E. serotinus P. austriacus
M. myotis M. blythii M. emarginatus
3.2 Species with ranges centred within the Mediterranean
Rh. euryale Rh. mehelyi Rh. blasii M. capaccinii
P. kuhlii H. savii M. schreibersii T. teniotis
3. Mediterranean (Species, related with thermoxerophile forests and steppes)
(M. aurascens ?)
Table 4 Zoogeographic characteristic of the bat fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes (occurrence is presented as % from the total number of localities, n = 86) Faunal complex
Bulgaria Number of species
%
Eastern Rhodopes Number of species % Occurrence (%)
Boreal Nemoral Mediterranean
6 9 17
19 28 53
1 7 17
4 28 68
2 16 96
Total
32
100
25
100
-
Mammalia: Chiroptera
915
The biogeographic analysis of HORÁČEK et al. (2000) reveals that the bat fauna of Bulgaria (as well as of the whole Balkan Peninsula) is dominated by the Mediterranean faunal complex. On the territory of the Eastern Rhodopes this tendency is particularly outlined as 68% of the bat species with occurrence in 96% of the known localities are Mediterranean faunal elements. Those species are represented with high number of individuals in the area and for all of them (except P. kuhlii) nursery colonies are known. The nemoral faunal complex is weakly represented with species recorded in 16% of the localities and presented with single, mostly male individuals. For all of the nemoral species there are no data for reproduction activity in the area. The boreal faunal complex is represented very weakly with only one species in 2% of the localities. For some of the other boreal species, as E. nilssonii, M. brandtii and M. dasycneme, Bulgaria is on the southern border of their range and their possible occurrence in the studied area is highly unlikely (HANÁK & HORÁČEK, 1986; BENDA, 1999; LIMPENS, 2001). Faunal patterns Recent genetic and morphological studies have confirmed the existence of new sibling bat species in Europe, all of them having their range of distribution also on the Balkan Peninsula. This raised a lot of questions related to species identification in faunal studies and it requires special attention to be given to the interpretation of faunal data from the area. The taxonomic groups of special concern are: a) Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus. As shown by HANÁK et al. (2001), DIETZ et al. (2002) and the data from our study, both species occur in sympatry in the Eastern Rhodopes. Preliminary data suggest higher occurrence of Pipistrellus pipistrellus. There are already some data on the ecology of both species that could explain such a pattern – P. pipistrellus seems more synanthropic, and P. pygmaeus seems more related to primary forest habitats. b) the genus Plecotus. The occurrence of four species in south-eastern Europe was revealed - in addition to P. auritus and P. austriacus, there are P. kolombatovici Đulić, 1980 and P. macrobullaris Kuzjakin, 1965 (= P. alpinus Kiefer et Veith, 2002, = P. microdontus Spitzenberger, 2002) (ĐULIĆ, 1980; HANÁK et al., 2001; KIEFER et al., 2002; SPITZENBERGER et al., 2002; KIEFER & HELVERSEN, 2004 a, b). Concerning the Balkan Peninsula, all these four species have been confirmed to occur in Greece, both mainland and some islands (HANÁK et al., 2001; KIEFER & HELVERSEN, 2004 a, b). A revision of the systematic and distributional status of the genus Plecotus in Bulgaria (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003) reveals that only two species can be considered as verified to occur in the territory of Bulgaria – P. auritus and P. austriacus. P. austriacus is the more common species, widely distributed at low altitudes, and P. auritus is restricted to mountain ranges in Bulgaria (> 1000 m a.s.l.). Concerning these data, we could expect P. austriacus to be the most abundant Plecotus species in the Eastern Rhodopes as well, but this should be the aim of further detailed field studies to evaluate the occurrence of Plecotus species in Bulgaria. c) Myotis mystacinus-group. The present taxonomic revisions of the group reveal the occurrence of four species on the Balkans – M. brandtii, M. mystacinus, M. aurascens and M. alcathoe. The southernmost records of M. brandtii are from mountain areas in Bulgaria
916
T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
and the species is not recorded for Greece (BENDA, 1999), e.g. occurrence in the Eastern Rhodopes is less probable. The occurrence of M. aurascens is confirmed both for Bulgaria (including the Eastern Rhodopes) and Greece, suggesting that it is the most abundant form in the Balkans (BENDA & TSYTSULINA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). M. alcathoe is known from several mountain localities in Central Greece, but recently it was also confirmed in Central Europe (HANÁK et al., 2001; RUEDI et al., 2002; BENDA et al., 2003). Most critical and debatable is the occurrence of M. mystacinus s. str. on the Balkans. According to the present knowledge M. mystacinus and M. alcathoe can hardly be separated on the basis of morphological characters but merely through genetic methods. This makes it impossible to evaluate the present distribution of M. mystacinus s. str. in the area under study, as well as over the whole Balkan range (see HELVERSEN et al., 2001; HANÁK et al., 2001; BENDA et al., 2003). The fact that the occurrence of P. kuhlii was not confirmed is possibly due to its synanthropy patterns of distribution and the relatively limited surveys in the towns and villages in the area. The relatively low occurrence of the nemoral bat species (1-6%) could be explained on the one hand by the limited suitable biotopes in the studied area, namely humid deciduous forests within the range of about and above 1000 m a.s.l., and on the other hand by the fact that exactly those habitats are situated along the borderline and their investigation was impeded. The described localities of bats in Eastern Rhodopes have an average altitude of 278 m a.s.l. (20 m minimum and 600 m maximum), e.g. they belong to the same altitudinal range (see PANDURSKA, 1996). A comparison of the studied bat fauna with that of the European part of Turkey (Thrace), described by BENDA & HORÁČEK (1998), revealed mostly a full correspondence regarding species diversity and occurrence. The only exception is the occurrence of M. nattereri and P. auritus in Turkey, but their localities are situated in Strandja Mts. (= Istranca Mts.), which differs significantly in its physical geographic characteristics (especially climate and vegetation) from the Eastern Rhodopes.
Acknowledgements We are especially grateful to Svetlana Miteva and Hristo Hristov, as well as to the teams of Nature Information Conservation Center Eastern Rhodopes, Madjarovo and Dadia Project - WWF Greece, Dadia for the logistic support in the whole period of study. Special thanks to Dimitar Uzunov, Nikolay Simov, Boyan Petrov, Chavdar Gussev, Todor Troanski, Maria Zlatkova and all other friends and colleague for their assistance in the fieldwork. The research was supported by grants from the following institutions: Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science MU-MB-20/96, Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program 1995/96 and 1998/99, EUROBATS Secretariat 1998 and The Dutch Mammal Society (VZZ) 2002.
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KIEFER A., HELVERSEN O. V. 2004b. Plecotus kolombatovici Ðulić, 1980 – Balkanlangohr. – In: Krapp, F. (ed.): Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 4: Fledertiere II. Vespertilionidae 2, Molossidae, Nycteridae. Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim, 1059-1066. KIEFER A., MAYER F., KOSUCH J., HELVERSEN O. V., VEITH M. 2002. Conflicting molecular phylogenies of European long-eared bats (Plecotus) can be explained by cryptic diversity. – Mol. Phylogen. Evol., 25: 557–566. KOCK D. 1974. Pupipare Dipteren von Säugetieren des nordöstlichen Mittelmeerräumens (Ins.: Diptera). – Senckenbergiana Biol., 55: 87-104. KRYŠTUFEK B. 1993.Geographic variation in the Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in southeastern Europe. – Acta Theriol., 38: 67-79. LIMPENS H. 2001. Assesing the European distribution of the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme) using bat detectors and other survey methods. - Nietoperze, 2 (2): 169-178. NIETHAMMER J. 1974. Zur Verbreitung und Taxonomie griechischer Säugetiere. - Bonn. zool. Beitr., 25 (13): 28-55. NOWOSAD A., BATCHVAROV G., PETROV P. 1987. Bat flies (Nycteribiidae, Diptera) of bats collected in Bulgaria. - Polskie Pismo Entom., 57: 673-694. PANDURSKA R. 1996. Altitudinal distribution of bats in Bulgaria. - Myotis, 34: 45-50. PETROCHEILOU A. 1984. The Greek caves. Ekdotike Athenon S.A., Athens. 160 pp. POPOV V. 1997. Fauna contents: Mammals. - In: Jordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Academic Publishing House Prof. Marin Drinov, Sofia, 328-330 (In Bulgarian). POPOV V., DELTSHEV Ch. 1997. Formation of contemporary fauna. - In: Jordanova M., Donchev D. (eds). Geography of Bulgaria. Academic Publishing House Prof. Marin Drinov, Sofia, 310-316 (In Bulgarian). RUEDI M., JOURDE P., GIOSA P., BARATAUD M., ROUÉ S. Y. 2002. DNA reveals the existence of Myotis alcathoe in France (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). - Rev. Suisse Zool., 109: 643-652. SCHOBER W., GRIMMBERGER E. 1998. Die Fledermäuse Europas. Kosmos Naturführer. Stuttgart, 265 pp. SPITZENBERGER F. 1996. Distribution and subspecific variation of Myotis blythi and Myotis myotis in Turkey (Mamm., Vespertilionidae). - Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 98 (B): 9-23. SPITZENBERGER F., HARING E., TVRTKOVIĆ N. 2002. Plecotus microdontus (Mammalia, Vespertilionidae), a new bat species from Austria. – Natura Croat., 11: 1–18. SPITZENBERGER F., PIÁLEK J., HARING E. 2001. Systematics of genus Plecotus (Mammalia, Vespertilionidae) in Austria based on morphometric and molecular investigations. – Folia Zool., 50: 161–172. VAN DER WAL A., WILLEMSEN J., DE WIT J. (eds). 2003. Mammal survey Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). Veldwerkgroep VZZ, Arnhem, 68 pp. (unpubl. report). VASILEVA S., TODOROVA S. 1994. [The wealth of one South region. Publ. Rodopi, Kardjali], 86 pp. (In Bulgarian). VOHRALÍK V., SOFIANIDOU T. 1992. Small mammals (Insectivore, Rodentia) of Thrace, Greece. – Acta Univ. Carol., Biol., 36: 341-369.
Appendix I List of material Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) New data: (3) BG: Lozen, art. gallery: 12.4.1998, 6 ind., V, BP. (5) BG: Kobilyane, Vodnata Peshtera Cave: 12.2.1998, 2 ind., V. (6) BG: Dazhdovnitsa, Hasarskata Peshtera Cave: 18.11.1991, 15 ind., V; 23.9.1996, 4 ind., V. (9) BG: Shiroko Pole, Karangil Cave: 1.4.1992, 1 ind., V, BP. (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 31.3.1991, 2 ind., V, BP; 31.3.1992, 20 ind., V, BP; 14.3.2000, 1 ind., V. (12) BG: Madrets, Maarata Cave: 10.10.1995, 10 ind., V, BP. (13) BG: Byala Polyana, Manaf Koyusyu Cave: 8.2.1998, 5 ind., V. (14) BG: Byal Kladenets, Karadjainler: 10.10.1995, 2 ind.,V,.BP; 5.5.1996, 1 ind., V; 10.10.1998, 5ind., V. (16) BG: Byal Kladenets, Golyamata Peshtera Cave: 3.3.1999, 3 ex, V. (18) BG: Svetoslav, rocky niche: 3.3.1999, 1 ind., V. (19) BG: Dolno Cherkovishte,
Mammalia: Chiroptera
919
Zandana Cave, 13.2.1996; 21.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP; 27.4.1996, 10 ind., V; 29.4.1997, 1 ind., V; 8.2.1998, 12 ind., V. (20) BG: Oreshari, Gouk In Cave: 13.2.1996, 1 ind., V; 21.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP; 27.4.1996, 2 ind. V. (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 27.4.1996, 1 † ind., MN,TI. (25) BG: Madjarovo, gallery No1: 9.7.1995, 1 ind., MN. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery No3: 3.4.1992, 2 ind., V, BP. (34) BG: Gaberovo, caves in GyurgenDere Valley (1, 3, 4): 13.7.1997, 330 ind. nursery colony, V; 14.4.1998, 3 ind., V, BP; 19.5.1998, 80 ind., V, BP; 14.6.1998, 200 ind., V; 19.7.1998, 150 ind., V. (38) BG: Ivaylovgrad Dam, Electric power station: 5.7.1995,1 ind.,V. (40) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Dupkata Cave: 27.4.1995, 1 ind., V, BP; 16.2.1996, 4 ind., V; 23.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP. (42) BG: Tarnovtsi, Karaguk Cave: 24.10.1995, 1 ind., V. (47) BG: Belopolyane, Belopolyanskata Peshtera Cave: 27.4.1995, 2 ind., V, BP; 23.4.1996, 3 ind., V,BP; 5.7.1995, 3 †† ind., MN. (48) BG: Kostilkovo, building: 17.6.1998, 1 ind., V. (52) BG: Beli Dol, caves (1, 2): 15.4.1998, 4 ind.,V, BP. (53) BG: Beli Dol, Mechkina Dupka Cave: 24.4.1995, 1 ind., V, BP; 22.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP. (55) BG: Strazhets, building: 23.4.1995, 2ind., V, BP. (57) BG: Ribino, Kondjalar Cave: 23.9.1996, 1 ind., MN. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 11.10.1995, 20 ind., V, BP; 22.10.1995, V; 9.2.1998, 2 ind., V, BP. (59) BG: Ribino, Brashlyanovata Cave: 2.1.1997, 3 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 2 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 3 ind., V. (60) BG: Ribino, Prilepnata Cave: 22.7.2002, ca. 30, V, VZZ. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 20.4.1995, 10 ind., MN, BP; 7.7.1995, 2 ind., MN; 22.10.1995, 3 ind., V; 1.5.1996, 2 ind., V; 21.9.1996, 1 ind., MN; 2.1.1997, 160 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 95 ind., V; 18.5.1998, 5 ind., V, BP; 11.10.1998,1 ind., V; 5.11.1998, 29 ind., V; 4.3.1999, 110 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 140 ind., V; 9.2.1998, 170 ind., V, BP. (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 25.1.1999, 200 ind., V; 2.3.1999, 140 ind., V; 30.6.1999, 70 ind., V, TI. (67) GR: Dadia, galleries Tsoutourou: 24.1.1999, 4 ind., V; 18.6.1999, 3 ind., V. (68) GR: Dadia, galleries Saint Barabara: 19.7.1997, 2 ind., V; 24.1.1999, 33 ind., V; 22.6.1999, 2 ind., V. (69) GR: Kotronia, gallery: 26.1.1999, 2 ind., V. (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 25.1.1999, 3 ind., V. (75) GR: Lefkimi, Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 27.1.1999, 3 ind., V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 30.1.1999, 200 ind., V. Literature data: (40) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Dupkata Cave (BERON, 1994). (64) GR: Didimotichon (= Didimotiho, cave): 8 ind. (KRYŠTUFEK, 1993; НANÁK et al., 2001); 21.6.1994, colony ca. 300 ind.; 22.7.2000, colony (HANÁK et al., 2001); (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 8-9.6.1965 (HURKA, 1972; KOCK, 1974; НANÁK et al., 2001); 3.8.1971, ca. 200 ind. (NIETHAMMER, 1974; KOCK, 1974; НANÁK et al., 2001); 23.7.1997, 150 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 18.7.1997, 1 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001); Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; НANÁK et al., 2001). (81) GR: Avas, Avantos cave (ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI & ONDRIAS 1986; НANÁK et al., 2001). Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) New data: (3) BG: Lozen, gallery: 12.4.1998, 1 ind., V, BP. (4) BG: Byal Izvor, Djin Gugu Cave: 12.2.1998, 1 ind., V. (5) BG: Kobilyane, Vodnata Peshtera Cave: 12.2.1998, 7 ind., V. (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 31.3.1992, 1 ind., V, BP; 5.1.1997, 3 ind., V; 14.3.2000, 1 ind., V. (13) BG: Byala Polyana, Manaf Koyusyu Cave: 8.2.1998, 8 ind., V. (14) BG: Byal Kladenets, Karadjainler Cave: 5.5.1996, 1 ind., V; 10.10.1998, 1
920
T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
ind., V. (15) BG: Byal Kladenets, Malkata Peshtera Cave: 5.5.1996, 1 ind., V. (16) BG: Byal Kladenets, Golyamata Peshtera Cave: 5.5.1996, 1 ind., V. (17) BG: Studen Kladenets Dam, tunnel in the dam wall: 4.5.1996, 30 ind., V. (18) BG: Svetoslav, rocky niche: 3.3.1999, 2 ind., V. (19) BG: Dolno Cherkovishte, Zandana Cave: 21.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP; 8.2.1998, 6 ind., V. (20) BG: Oreshari, Gouk In Cave: 27.4.1996, 2 ind. V; 8.2.1998, 2 ind., V. (26) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №2: 11.2.1996, 1 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 20.4.1996, 2 ind., V, BP; 13.4.1998, 1 ind., MN, BP. (28) BG: Madjarovo, Peshter-Dere Valley: 13.4.1998, 3 ind., V, BP. (30) BG: Madjarovo, electric post: 14.6.1996, 6 ind., V. (31) BG: Madjarovo, NICCER, building: 5.6.1996, 4 ind., V; 18.7.1996, 6 ind., V; 13.7.1997, 5 ind., V; 17.6.1998, 5 ind., V; 7.6.1999, 10 ind., V; 2.7.1999, 14 ind., V; 25.7.1999, 15 ind., V. (32) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №5: 12.2.1996, 5 ind., V. (38) BG: Ivaylovgrad Electric power station: 5.7.1995, 20 ind.,V; 21.9.1996, 10 ind., V. (39) BG: Ivaylovgrad Dam, buildings: 21.9.1996, 1 ind., V. (40) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Dupkata Cave: 5.4.1992, 1 ind., V, BP. (42) BG: Tarnovtsi, Karaguk Cave: 26.4.1996, 2 ind., V, BP. (45) BG: Tatul, cave: 3.2.1989, 1 ind., V. (47) BG: Baloplyane, Beloplyanskata Peshtera Cave: 23.4.1996, 1 ind., V, BP. (51) BG: Zhalti Chal, buildings: 10.6.1996, 4 ind., V. (53) BG: Beli Dol, Mechkina Dupka Cave: 24.4.1995, 1 ind., V, BP. (57) BG: Ribino, Kondjalar Cave: 7.7.1995, 5 ind., V. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 9.2.1998, 1 ind., V, BP; 4.3.1999, 1 ind., V. (59) BG: Ribino, Brashlyanovata Cave: 22.10.1995, 1 ind., V; 2.1.1997, 3 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 2 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 1 ind., V; 22.7.2002, 1 ind., V, VZZ. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 1.4.1995, 3 ind., V, PB; 20.4.1995, 1 ind., V, BP; 1.5.1996, 1 ind., V; 2.1.1997, 1 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 4 ind., V; 9.2.1998, 15 ind., V, BP; 18.5.1998, 2 ind., V, BP; 11.10.1998,1 ind., V; 4.3.1999, 4 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 3 ind., V. (62) BG: Kremen, cave: 20.7.1996, 1 ind., V. (63) BG: Kremen, Golyamata Peshtera Cave: 20.7.1996, 1 ind., V. (66) GR: Giannouli, military bunker: 24.6.1999, 5 ind., V. (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 24.1.1999, 2 ind., V. Literature data: (8) BG: Ostrovitsa, Tilki Ini Cave: 15.7.1962 (BERON & GUEORGUIEV, 1967); (40) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Dupkata Cave (NOWOSAD et al., 1987). ). (74) GR: Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; НANÁK et al., 2001). (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 18.7.1997, 1 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001); (83) GR: Alexandroupoli: 21.5.1962 (KANELLI & HATZISARANTOU, 1963; НANÁK et al., 2001), 1 ind. (HANÁK et al., 2001). Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853 New data: (1) BG: Spahievo, gallery: 14.7.1986, 1 ind., MN, IH. (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 11.7.1995, 4 ind., V. (13) BG: Byala Polyana, Manaf Koyusyu Cave: 4.1.1997, 20 ind., V; 8.2.1998, 15 ind., V. (19) BG: Dolno Cherkovishte, Zandana Cave: 21.4.1996, 4 ind., V, BP; 29.4.1997, 4 ind., V; 8.2.1998, 10 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 11.5.1996, 1 ind., MN, BP; 13.4.1998, 1 ind., MN, BP; 16.5.1998, 1 ind., MN, BP; 20.4.1996, 10 ind., V, BP. (32) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №5: 11.2.1996, 1 ind., V. (34) BG: Gaberovo, cave №1 in Gyurgen-Dere Valley: 13.7.1997, 20 ind., V. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 8.7.1995, 360 ind., V; 22.10.1995, ?, V; 1.5.1996, 360 ind., V; 11.6.1996, 5 ind., TT; 2.1.1997, 430 ind., V; 14.7.1997, 1750 ind., V; 22.7.1998, 550 ind., V; 18.11.1997, 430 ind., V; 9.2.1998, 360 ind., V, BP; 18.5.1998, 200 ind., V, BP; 11.10.1998, 10 ind., V; 4.3.1999, 180 ind., V; 4.7.1999, 700 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 700 ind., V; 11.9.2000,
Mammalia: Chiroptera
921
1000 ind., V, MN; 9.9.2001, 1300 ind., V. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 20.4.1995, 7 ind., MN, BP; 7.7.1995, 6 ind., MN; 11.10.1995, 2 ind., V, BP; 1.5.1996, 1 ind., V; 21.9.1996, 15 ind., MN; 9.2.1998, 300 ind., V, BP; 18.5.1998, 2 ind., V, BP; 4.3.1999, 120 ind., V. (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 18.6.1999, 900 ind., V. (74) GR: Dadia, cave Kamilata Cave: 19.6.1999, 60 ind., V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 31.1.1999, 1500 ind., V; 26.6.1999, 50 ind. nursery colony, V; 26.9.2000, 60 ind., V, BP. Literature data: (64) GR: Didimotichon (= Didimotiho): 3.8.1971 (KOCK, 1974; НANÁK et al., 2001). (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 19.7.1997, 10 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001); (75) GR: Lefkimi, cave: 28.7.1987, 11 ind. (CRUCITTI, 1988; НANÁK et al., 2001); Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 24.7.1997, 250 ind. nursery colony, V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (81) GR: Avas, cave Avantos (ILIOPOULOUGEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; НANÁK et al., 2001). Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901 New data: (13) BG: Byala Polyana, Manaf Koyusyu Cave: 8.2.1998, 1 ind., V. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 23.9.1996, 1 ind., V; 11.9.2000, 10 ind. nursery colony; (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 7.7.1995, 1 ind., MN. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.6.1999, 12 ind. nursery colony, TT; 26.9.2000, 10 ind., V, BP. Literature data: (64) GR: Didimotichon, cave: 22.6.1989, 3 ‡‡, MN (НANÁK et al., 2001); in owl pellets, 12.9.1990 (VOHRALÍK & SOFIANIDOU, 1992; НANÁK et al., 2001). (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 8-9.6.1965 (HŮRKA, 1972); 3.8.1971, 400 ind. nursery colony (NIETHAMMER, 1974; НANÁK et al., 2001); 16.7.1997, 500 ind. V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 New data: (6) BG: Dazhdovnitsa, Hasarskata Peshtera Cave: 18.11.1991, 13 ind., V, М, BP; 23.9.1996, 12 ind., V. (13) BG: Byala Polyana, Manaf Koyusyu Cave: 4.1.1997, 25 ind., V; 8.2.1998, 13 ind., V. (19) BG: Dolno Cherkovishte, Zandana Cave: 21.4.1996, 6 ind., V, BP; 29.4.1997, 6 ind., V; 8.2.1998, 25 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 20.4.1996, 6 ind., V, BP; 16.5.1998, 1 ind., MN, BP. (56) BG: Malka Chinka, under bridge: 18.5.1998, 2 ind., MN, BP. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 8.7.1995, 590 ех., V; 22.10.1995, ?, V; 1.5.1996, 590 ind., V; 11.6.1996, 7 ind. , TT; 14.7.1997, 2950 ind., V; 22.7.1998, 880 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 700 ind., V; 9.2.1998, 590 ind., V, BP; 18.5.1998, 350 ind., V, BP; 4.3.1999, 300 ind., V; 4.7.1999, 1200 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 1200 ind., V. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 7.7.1995, 8 ind., MN; 11.10.1995, 1 ind., V, BP; 21.9.1996, 16 ind., MN; 9.2.1998, 470 ind., V, BP; 4.3.1999, 190 ind., V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.6.1999, 70 ind., nursery colony, V, TT; 26.9.2000, 80 ind., V, BP. Literature data: (42) BG: Tarnovtsi, Karaguk Cave: 8.10.1960 (GUEORGUIEV & BERON, 1962). (74) GR: Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al.,1995; НANÁK et al., 2001). (81) GR: Avas, road 2 km S, 20.6.1989, 1 ‡ ad MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) (the size of the mixed with M. blythii colonies is shown in brackets) New data: (9) BG: Shiroko Pole, Karangil Cave: 1.8.1995, 5 ind., V, BP. (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 31.3.1991, 500 ind., V, BP; 16.11.1991, 100 ind., V;
922
T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
31.3.1992, 500 ind., V, BP; 11.7.1995, 8000 ind., V; 12.8.1995, 3500 ind., V, BP; 19.10.1995, 200 ind., V; 6.5.1996, 2500 ind., V; 18.9.1996, 1500 ind., V; 28.4.1997, 7000 ind., V; 15.7.1997, 10000 ind., V; 17.5.1998, 2000 ind., V; 23.7.1998, 3000 ind., V; 5.7.1999, 10 ind., V. (11) BG: Visoka Polyana, Gyumbyurdek Ini Cave: 7.5.1998, 10 ind., V, BP; 22.7.1998, 1 ind., MN. (12) BG: Madrets, Maarata Cave: 10.101995, 1 ind., V, BP. (20) BG: Oreshari, Gouk In Cave: 8.2.1998, 1 ind., M. (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 20.10.1995, 17 ind., MN; 27.4.1996, 28 ind., MN; 17.9.1996, 2 ind., MN; 29.4.1997, 1500 ind., V; 14.7.1997, ?, V; 17.5.1998, 700 ind., V; 17.6.1998, 500 ind., V; 20.7.1998, 550 ind., V; 11.4.1999, 1000 ind., V; 10.6.1999, 700 ind., V; 3.7.1999, 900 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 8.2.1998, 1 ind., V, BP. (38) BG: Ivaylovgrad Elactric power station: 5.7.1995, 1 ind., V; 21.9.1996, 2 ind., V. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 11.10.1995, 300 ind., V, BP; 22.10.1995, ?, V; 1.5.1996, 3000, V; 11.6.1996, 32 ind., TT; 14.7.1997, 3000 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 20 ind., V; 18.5.1998, 1000 ind., V, BP; 22.7.1998, 250 ind., V; 11.10.1998, 20 ind., TT; 4.7.1999, 2000 ind., V. (60) BG: Ribino, Prilepnata Cave: 2.1.1997, 1 ind., V. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 1.4.1995, 15 ind., V, PB; 20.4.1995, 2 ind., MN, BP; 7.7.1995, 4 ind., MN; 11.10.1995, 10 ind., V, BP; 21.9.1996, 1 ind., MN; 2.1.1997, 30 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 30 ind., V; 9.2.1998, 40 ind., V; 18.5.1998, 5 ind., V, BP; 4.3.1999, 40 ind., V; 30.12.1999, 35 ind., V. (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 23.7.1997, (600) ind., V; 25.1.1999, 2 ind., V; 30.6.1999, (1000) ind., V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.7.1997, (3500) ind. nursery colony, V; 30.1.1999, (40) ind. nursery colony, V; 26.6.1999, (2000) ind., V. Literature data: (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, cave Yarasa Ini Cave (BESHKOV, 1998). (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 21.6.1994, ca. 50 ind., V; 22.7.2000, 2 ††, MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; НANÁK et al., 2001). (75) GR: Lefkimis, Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 24.7.1997 (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (77) GR: Provatonas, big rocky niche: 21.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) (the size of the mixed with M. myotis colonies is shown in brackets) New data: (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 23.7.1997, (600) ind., V; 25.1.1999, 2 ind., V; 30.6.1999, (1000) ind., V. (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 19.7.1997, 500 ind. nursery colony, V; 18.6.1999, 200 ind. nursery colony, V. (68) GR: Dadia, galleries Saint Barbara: 22.6.1999, 15 ind., MN. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.7.1997, (3500) ind. nursery colony, V; 30.1.1999, (40) ind. nursery colony, V; 26.6.1999, (2000) ind., V. Literature data: (64) GR: Didimotichon, cave 2 km W: 22.6.1963 (HŮRKA, 1972; НANÁK et al., 2001); 23.6.1989, 1 † ad, MN (HANÁK et al., 2001); 12.9.1970, 1 ind. in owl pellet (VOHRALÍK & SOFIANIDOU, 1992; НANÁK et al., 2001). (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 22.6.1963, 2 ††, 6 ‡‡ ind. (SPITZENBERGER, 1996; НANÁK et al., 2001); 3.8.1971, (800) ind., nursery colony (NIETHAMMER, 1974; НANÁK et al., 2001); 23.6.1989, colony, V; 22.7.2000, 28 ind., MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 24.7.2000, 41 ind. (HANÁK et al., 2001). (68) GR: Dadia, galleries Saint Barbara: 19.7.1997, 2 ††, obs. ca. 10 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (77) GR: Provatonas, Rocky niche: 21.7.1997, 4 ind., MN (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001).
Mammalia: Chiroptera
923
Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) New data: (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 20.4.1995, 1 † ind., MN, BP. (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 19.6.1999, 1 † ind., MN. Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) New data: (34) BG: Gaberovo, caves in Gyurgen-Dere Valley (1, 3): 13.7.1997, 7000 ind. nursery colony, V; 19.5.1998, 50 ind., V; 14.6.1998, 500 ind., V; 19.7.1998, 500 ind., V. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini: 11.6.1996, 2 ind., TT. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 1.4.1995, 1 ind., V, PB; 20.4.1995, 1 ind., V, BP; 18.10.1997, 1 ind., V; 18.5.1998, 1 ind., V, BP; 30.12.1999, 3 ind., V. (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 19.6.1999, 2 ind., MN. Literature data: (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 24.7.1997, 1 ind., MN (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (75) GR: Lefkimi, cave: 28.7.1987 (CRUCITTI, 1988; НANÁK et al., 2001). (77) GR: Provatonas, rocky niche: 17.7.1997, 2 ind., MN (IVANOVA, 2000; НANÁK et al., 2001). (81) GR: Avas, cave Avantos (ILIOPOULOUGEORGUDAKI, 1977, 1983; НANÁK et al., 2001). Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) New data: (3) BG: Lozen, gallery: 12.4.1998, 1 ind., V. (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 31.3.1991, 10 ind., V, BP; 16.11.1991, 100 ind., V; 12.8.1995, 100 ind., V, BP; 19.10.1995, 130 ind., V; 6.5.1996, V; 18.9.1996, 200 ind., V; 5.1.1997, 20 ind., V; 28.4.1997, V; 15.7.1997, 500, V; 18.10.1997, 100 ind., V; 17.5.1998, 500 ind., V; 23.7.1998, 1000 ind., V; 13.10.1998, 250 ind., V; 5.7.1999, 9000 ind., V; 25.7.2002, >1000 ind., V, VZZ. (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 27.4.1996, 12 ind., MN; 17.9.1996, 1 ind., MN; 29.4.1997, V; 14.7.1997, V; 17.5.1998, V; 17.6.1998, V; 20.7.1998, 10 ind., MN; 11.4.1999, 130 ind., V; 3.7.1999, 50 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 11.5.1996, 1 ind., MN, BP. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 22.7.1998, 20 ind., V; 4.3.1999, 3 ind., V. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 22.7.2002, 3 ind., V. (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 25.1.1999, 20 ind., V; 30.6.1999, V. (68) GR: galleries Saint Barbara: 24.1.1999, 4 ind., V. (71) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River, NW of Dadia: 17.6.1999, 1 ind., MN. (75) GR: Lefkimi, Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 25.6.1999, 250 ind., nursery colony, V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.6.1999, 200 ind., nursery colony, V. Literature data: (64) GR: Didimotichon, cave: 22.6.1963 (HURKA, 1972; НANÁK et al., 2001); 22.6.1989, 1 Mjuv, 6 ‡‡ ad, MN; 21.6.1994, 2 ind., V; 22.7.2000, colony (HANÁK et al., 2001). (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 8-9.6.1963 (HURKA, 1972; HANÁK et al,. 2001); 3.8.1971, 100 ind., nursery colony (NIETHAMMER, 1974; KOCK, 1974; HANÁK et al., 2001); 23.7.1997, 300 ind., nursery colony, V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 19.7.1997, 100 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); 24.7.2000 (HANÁK et al., 2001). (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 22.7.1997, 1 † juv., MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (75) GR: Lefkimi, Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 24.7.1997, 150 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (82) GR: Kirki, over river: 21.7.2000, 1M, MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) New data: (1) BG: Spahievo, galleries in the hill Aida: 14.7.1986, 1 † ind., MN, (IH). (49) BG: Dolno Lukovo, over Byala Reka River: 11.6.1999, 3 ‡‡ ad, 1Mjuv, MN, BP.
924
T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817) s. l. New data: (1) BG: Spahievo, gallery, 14.7.1986, 3 †† ind., MN, (IH). (2) BG: Knizhovnik, over a bridge, 21.7.1986, 1 ‡ ind., MN, (IH). (36) BG: Malki Voden, building: 25.7.2002, nursery colony ca. 200 ind., V, M, VZZ. (37) BG: Dabovets, over Dalbokata River, 30.6.1983, 1 ‡ ind., MN, (IH). Literature data: (80) GR: Esimi, building, 21.8.1984 (CRUCITTI, 1988; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); (84) GR: Makri, 2 km W, 2.10.1966 (HURKA, 1972; HANÁK et al., 2001). Myotis aurascens Kusjakin, 1935 Literature data: (44) BG: Momchilgrad: 2 ‡‡ (BENDA & TSYTSULINA, 2000). Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) New data: (22) BG: Meden Buk, over Byala Reka River: 7.6.1996, 2 ††, MN; 16.6.1998, 1 †, MN; 23.7.2002, 1 †, MN, VZZ. (71) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River NW of Dadia: 17.6.1999, 1 †, MN. (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 16.6.1999, 1 †, MN. Literature data: (64) GR: Didimotichon, cave, in Tyto alba pellets: 21.6.1994 (HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia, Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; HANÁK et al., 2001). (78) GR: Provatonas, over Provatonas River: 21.7.1997, 2M, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) Literature data: (71) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River NW of Dadia: 19.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). Nyctalus lasiopterus (Kuhl, 1817) New data: (50) BG: Meden Buk, over Byala Reka River: 23.7.2002, 1 †, MN, VZZ. Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) s. l. New data: (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 17.9.1996, 1M, MN. (34) BG: Gaberovo, Gyurgen-Dere Valley, Cave №1: 7.10.1998, 1 ‡, MN. (37) BG: Dabovets, over Dalbokata Reka River: 29.6.1983, 11 ind. (1 †, 10 ‡‡), MN, IH. (41) BG: Ivaylovgrad, building: 5.7.1995, V. (43) BG: Momchilgrad, over water: 18.6.1977, 4 ind.(2 ††, 2 ‡‡), MN, IH. (44) BG: Momchilgrad: 19.6.1977, 1 ‡, MN, IH. (49) BG: Dolno Lukovo, over Byala Reka River: 11.6.1999, 1 ‡, MN, BP. (50) BG: Meden Buk, over Byala Reka River: 7.6.1996, 1 †, MN. (70) GR: Kotronia, over Diavolorema River: 16.6.1999, 1 †, MN. (76) GR: Lira, pond: 18.6.1999, 3 ††, MN. Literature data: (7) BG: Kardjali: 15.10.27 (HANÁK & JOSIFOV, 1959). (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 22.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 24.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (77) GR: Provatonas, rocky niche: 21.7.97, 3 ††, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (83) GR: Alexandroupoli (KANNELI & HATZISARANTOU, 1963).
Mammalia: Chiroptera
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Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) s. str. New data: (23) BG: Dolni Glavanak, building: 27.7.2002, 1 † juv, 1 ‡ ad postlactating, nursery colony, V, M, BD (45 kHz), VZZ. (24) BG: Strandjevo, buildings: 25.7.2002, two colonies, V, BD (45 kHz), VZZ. (30) BG, Madjarovo, building: 24.11.01, 1 †, M, BD (45 kHz); 5.5.03, 1 † ad, M, BD (45 kHz); electric power pole: 25.7.2002, ca. 40, V, BD (45 kHz), VZZ. (39) BG: Ivaylovgrad Dam, building: 5.7.1995, 40 ind., V, BD(45 kHz); 10.7.1995, 40 ind. nursery colony (8 ‡‡, 1 ‡ juv, 2 †† juv), MN (45 kHz); 10.7.1995, 150 ind., V, BD (45 kHz); 2.5.96, 92 ind., V, BD (45 kHz). Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach, 1825) Literature data: (31) BG: Madjarovo, NICCIR, under the bark of withered Quercus sp.: 12.9.2001, 1 †, M (DIETZ et al., 2002). Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius, 1839) Literature data: (71) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River, forest of Alnus sp.: 19.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; HANÁK et al., 2001). Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) Literature data: (74) GR: Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; HANÁK et al., 2001).). Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte 1837) New data: (11) BG: Visoka Polyana, Gyumbyurdek Ini Cave: 22.7.1998, 1 ind., MN. (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 17.9.1996, 1 †, MN. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 11.5.1996, 1 ‡, MN, BP; 13.4.1998, 1 †, MN, BP. (57) BG: Ribino, Kondjalar Cave: 23.9.1996, 1 †, MN. (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 16.6.1999, 7 ‡‡, MN. (73) GR: Dadia, rocky hill SW of Dadia: 14.6.1999, 1 ‡, MN. Literature data: (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 19.7.1997, 2 ‡‡ juv, 1 † juv, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 24.7.1997, 6 ††, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (78) GR: Provatonas, over Provatonas River: 21.7.1997, 6 juv, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber 1774) New data: (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 20.7.1998, 1 †, MN. (46) BG: Tatul, volcanic cave: 3.5.1996, 1†, M. (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 16.6.1999, 2 ††, MN; 17.6.1999, 1†, MN. (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 19.6.1999, 2 ‡‡, 2 ††, MN. Literature data: (72) GR: Dadia, over Diavolorema River: 19.7.1997, 1 ‡ lactating, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 24.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); Dadia Forest Reserve (ADAMAKOPOULOS et al., 1995; HANÁK et al., 2001). (78) GR: Provatonas, over Provatonas River: 21.7.1997, 1 ‡ lactating, nursery colony ca. 20 in rocky fissure, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (85) GR: Maronia, creek 2 km SW: 19.6.1989, 1 † ad (HANÁK et al., 2001).
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T. IVANOVA, A. GUEORGUIEVA
Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829) s. l. New data: (21) BG: Oreshari, Bliznatsite Cave: 10.6.1999, 1 †, MN. (68) GR: Dadia, galleries Saint Barbara: 24.1.1999, 1 ind., V. (30) BG: Madjarovo, building in the village: 25.7.2002, 2 ind., V, VZZ. (35) BG: Efrem, building in the village, 12 ind., V, VZZ. (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 19.6.1999, 1 ind., V. Literature data: (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 20.10.1995, 7 ††, MN; 17.9.1996, 7 ind. (6 ††, 1 ‡), MN (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (25) BG: Stremtsi, art. gallery: 1 ind., V (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery No3: 11.5.1996, 1 †, MN (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (32) BG: Madjarovo, gallery No5: 9.12.2000, 1 ‡, M (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (34) BG: Gaberovo, caves in GyurgenDere Valley (1, 3): 7.10.1998, 4 ind. (3 ††, 1 ‡), MN (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (43) BG: Momchilgrad, over water: 18.6.1977, 1 ind., MN (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003). (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 2.1.1997, 2 ind., V (BENDA & IVANOVA, 2003) (74) GR: Dadia, Kamilata Cave: 24.7.1997, 1 †, MN (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops (ILIOPOULOU-GEORGUDAKI, 1983). Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829) s. str. Literature data: (84) GR: Makri, 1966, 1 ind. (SPITZENBERGER et al., 2001; HANÁK et al., 2001). Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) New data: (54) BG: Gugutka, over Chukurska Reka River: 14.4.1998, 1 ‡, MN, BP. Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl 1819) New data: (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave: 31.3.1991, 10 ind., V, BP; 11.7.1995, 1000 ind., V; 12.8.1995, 100 ind., V, BP; 19.10.1995, 250 ind., V; 6.5.1996, 950 ind., V; 18.9.1996, 300 ind., V; 28.4.1997, 1000 ind., V; 15.7.1997, ?, V; 17.5.1998, 700 ind., V; 23.7.1998, 5000 ind., V; 13.10.1998, 10 ind., V; 5.7.1999, 1000 ind., V; 25.7.2002, >2000, V, VZZ. (22) BG: Oreshari, Karangin Cave: 20.10.1995, 3 ind., MN; 27.4.1996, 15 ind., MN; 29.4.1997, V; 14.7.1997, V; 17.5.1998, 500 ind., V; 17.6.1998, 500 ind., V; 20.7.1998, 20 ind., MN; 11.4.1999, 370 ind., V; 10.6.1999, 800 ind., V; 3.7.1999, 500 ind., V. (27) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №3: 16.5.1998, 1 ind., MN, BP. (29) BG: Madjarovo, gallery №4: 12.5.1996, 1 ind., MN, BP. (58) BG: Ribino, Ayna Ini Cave: 11.10.1995, 100 ind., V, BP; 22.10.1995, V; 1.5.1996, 500, V; 11.6.1996, 20 ind., TT; 14.7.1997, 1000 ind., V; 18.10.1997, 200 ind., V; 18.5.1998, 100 ind., V, BP; 22.7.1998, 500 ind., V; 11.10.1998, 350 ind., TT; 4.3.1999, 100 ind., V; 4.7.1999, 1000 ind., V; 22.7.2002, ca. 500, V, VZZ. (61) BG: Ribino, Samara Cave: 1.4.1995, 100 ind., V, ПБ; 20.4.1995, 2 ind., MN, BP; 11.10.1995, 5 ind., V, BP; 12.6.1996, 3 ind., V; 21.9.1996, 1 ind., V; 4.3.1999, 90 ind., V; 22.7.2002, ca. 50, V, VZZ. (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 25.1.1999, 3500 ind., V; 2.3.1999, 3500 ind., V; 30.6.1999, V. (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.6.1999, 1000 ind., nursery colony, V. Literature data: (10) BG: Visoka Polyana, Yarasa Ini Cave (BESHKOV, 1998). (40) BG: Ivaylovgrad, Dupkata cave: 22.3.1975 (NOWOSAD et al., 1987). (64) GR: Didimotichon, cave: 22.6.1963 (HURKA, 1972); 22.6.1989, 1 † ad, 2 ‡‡ ad, MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). (65) GR: Koufovouno, Cave of Koufovouno: 8-9.6.1965 (HURKA, 1972);
Mammalia: Chiroptera
927
3.8.1971, 2000 ind., nursery colony (NIETHAMMER, 1974); 23.7.1997, 3500 ind., nursery colony, V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); 22.7.2000, colony, V (HANÁK et al., 2001). (67) GR: galleries Tsoutourou: 22.7.1997, 50 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001); 24.7.2000, colony (HANÁK et al., 2001). (75) GR: Lefkimi, Bouba Lefkimis Cave: 24.7.1997, 200 ind., V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). (81) GR: Avas, road 2 km S: 20.6.1989, 1 †, MN (HANÁK et al., 2001). (86) GR: Maronia, Cave of the Cyclops: 26.7.1997, 1500 ind., nursery colony, V (IVANOVA, 2000; HANÁK et al., 2001). Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) New data: (33) BG: Madjarovo, rocky cliff Kovan Kaya: 28.7.2002, ca. 20 ind., V, BD, VZZ; 11.9.2002, ca. 20 ind., V, BD; 30.10.2002, ca. 20 ind., V, BD. (56) BG: Malka Chinka, 11.9.2000, BD, Bjoern Siemers det. Literature data: (82) GR: Kirki, river 6 km E: 21.7.2000 (HANÁK et al., 2001). Authors’ address: Teodora Ivanova, Antoaneta Gueorguieva National Museum of Natural History 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected]
Прилепите (Mammalia: Chiroptera) в Източните Родопи (България и Гърция) – видов състав, зоогеографска и фаунистична характеристика Теодора ИВАНОВА, Антоанета ГЕОРГИЕВА (Р е з ю м е) През периода 1995-2002 е проведено проучване върху прилепната фауна на Източните Родопи на територията на България и Гърция. Използвани са улов с орнитологични мрежи и проверка на известни и потенциални убежища (пещери, галерии, постройки и др.). Направена е литературна справка и са представени нови данни за разпространението на 25 вида прилепи от 86 находища: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. hipposideros, Rh. euryale, Rh. mehelyi, Rh. blasii, Myotis myotis, M. blythii, M. bechsteinii, M. emarginatus, M. capaccinii, M. daubentonii, M. aurascens, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, P. nathusii, P. kuhlii, Hypsugo savii, Eptesicus serotinus, Plecotus austriacus, B. barbastellus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis.. Четири вида (M. bechsteinii, N. lasiopterus, B. barbastellus, P. pipistrellus s.str.) се съобщават за първи път за територията на Източните Родопи. Направена е зоогеографска и фаунистична характеристика на изследваната прилепна фауна.
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Macromammalia
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Biodiversity of large mammals (Macromammalia) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Nikolai SPASSOV, Georgi MARKOV
Spassov N., Markov, G. 2004. Biodiversity of large mammals (Macromammalia) in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria). – In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 929-940. Abstract. Of the twenty macromammal land species (mouflon provisionally included here) inhabiting Bulgaria today, only two do not occur in the Eastern Rhodopes, and for one there is no solid evidence. They belong to two orders and seven families of recent Palearctic mammals. Key words: Macromammalia, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, biodiversity
Brief review of the group Macromammalia is not a taxon. This term is used for convenience and groups together the orders including mainly large-sized species. These species have some similarities in regard to their ecoloagy, biology and distribution, related to their larger weight. In our fauna, Macromammalia includes carnivores, artiodactyls, cetaceans and pinnipeds, only the first two being represented in the fauna of the Eastern Rhodopes. In the list we do not include the European mink and the lynx which are believed to have gone extinct during the 20th century (recent reports on the occurrence of lynx in Bulgaria have not been proven yet: SPASSOV et al., 2001). This list doesn’t include such species as the yak, the European bison, the mouflon and other game species, acclimatized or re-acclimatized. The list however features the fallow deer (practically reintroduced; it occurred in the Balkans until the Middle Ages – SPASSOV & ILIEV, 1994); and the raccoon dog, dispersing by itself. They are already self-dependent species of the Bulgarian recent fauna (SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV,1998). Large mammals are better studied than small mammals in respect to their dispersal, and for many of them (e.g. game species) also to their biology. There are species whose discrete mode of life leaves numerous aspects of their ecology poorly studied (among them are many small carnivores). Large mammals are especially ethnosignificant species, which makes them important in terms of their conservation (otter, bear, wolf, chamois, pine marten etc.). Many species (deer, wild boar, fox etc.)
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are important as game. Others (some carnivores, e.g. wolf) are of economic importance as forestry and reserve pests. According to some authors the Bulgarian weasel belongs to a subspecies which is most probably a Balkan endemic or subendemic – Mustela nivalis galinthias (DOUMA-PETRIDOU & ONDRIAS, 1986). According to Buresch and Miric the lynx is also a separate subspecies (Balkan endemic) but this viewpoint has been challenged by numerous authors. A poorly studied problem is the possible endemism of our populations of the steppe polecat, which probably hasn’t migrated from the East lately, contrary to some authors, and the bear, which seems to belong to an endemic Mediterranean population. Its subspecific taxonomic status is not entirely clarified (SPASSOV, 1997). The land large mammals of the recent Bulgarian fauna and their occurrence in the Eastern Rhodopes is given by orders and families in Table 1. Тable 1 List of the land large mammal (Macromammalia) species in Bulgaria by orders and families and their occurrence in the Eastern Rhodopes Species of the Bulgarian fauna CARNIVORA Canidae Grey wolf – Canis lupus Golden jackal – Canis aureus Red fox – Vulpes vulpes Raccoon dog – Nyctereutes procyonoides Ursidae Brown bear – Ursus arctos Mustelidae Weasel – Mustela nivalis European polecat – Mustela putorius Steppe polecat – Mustela eversmanni Marbled polecat – Vormela peregusna Pine marten – Martes martes Stone marten – Martes foina Badger – Meles meles Otter – Lutra lutra Felidae European wildcat – Felis silvestris ARTIODACTYLA Suidae Wild boar – Sus scrofa Cervidae Red deer – Cervus elaphus Fallow deer – Dama dama Roe deer – Capreolus capreolus Bovidae Chamois – Rupicapra rupicapra Mouflon – Ovis musimon* *Mouflon included provisionally (see above)
Occurrence in Eastern Rhodopes
+ + + ? + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Macromammalia
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Degree of study of the large mammal fauna of the region and habitats compared to the other regions of the country. Brief review of scientific research Due to a number of social and economical reasons the Eastern Rhodopes are still among the least studied regions, and among the regions with relatively less developed gamebreeding. We should note however the successful acclimatization of the mouflon and the fallow deer, mainly due to the suitable conditions of landscape and climate. Macromammals are characteristically largely mobile, of significant ecological plasticity, and occupying extensive individual territories. Because of this, the level of knowledge on the separate species in the area mainly depends not on the study of the actual territories, but on the degree of study of the species as a whole. Among the better-studied areas are those of the Arda river valley, the surroundings of Madjarovo, the reserves Zhenda and Valchi dol, and the large game reserves such as Studen Kladenets. It should be noted that the division into game reserve districts here and in the whole country provides data on the abundance and dispersal of game by forestries. Although this taxation information is not too reliable, it provides an opportunity to note the tendencies and interpret the data. Data on the status of many species, even trivial or typically mountain animals (European polecat, pine marten, European wildcat), are too scarce. Some information (relative abundance, population density, acclimatization etc.) can be found in special forestry literature (GENOV, 1987; PETROV & PETROV, 1987; DRAGOEV, 1982). A more recent summary is the report by SHEREMETIEV (2000) in the framework of a BSBCP project. A specialized research on the wolf as a conflict species and a species from the Bulgarian Red Data Book has been made in the frames of a BSBCP project for the protection of biodiversity in the Eastern Rhodopes (STOEV, 2000). Data on the status of the wolf have been collected as well in the framework of a Wilderness Fund project (SPASSOV, 2001). Information on separate species is mostly available in the literature studying their distribution in the country as a whole. The tendencies in the dispersal of the brown bear from the West Rhodopes to the east are presented in SPASSOV et al. (in press) and the report by SHEREMETIEV (2000). Data on the status of the otter in the region can be found in the paper by SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV (1989) on the status and distribution of the species in the country. These authors also provide information on the distribution of Vormela peregusna in the region (SPASSOV & SPIRIDONOV, 1993). Data on the occurrence of the jackal can be found in publications and doctoral theses (GENOV & WASSILEV, 1989; DEMETER & SPASSOV, 1993; RAYCHEV, MS); on the fox – GRIGOROV (1987а), on stone marten, pine marten and badger – GRIGOROV (1987b).
Status of the group in the Eastern Rhodopes Faunal diversity and specificity of the fauna Of the twenty macromammal land species (mouflon provisionally included here) inhabiting Bulgaria today, only two do not occur in the Eastern Rhodopes, and for one there is no solid evidence. They belong to two orders and seven families of Recent Palearctic mammals (Table 1). This indicates a relatively large species diversity of the region in this
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respect. One should bear in mind however that because of the small territory of the country, and the fact that large mammals are mobile and euribionts, the regions in the country which are poor in such species wouldn’t differ too drastically in the number of occurring species from the Eastern Rhodopes (the difference would be ca. 20-25% of the species number of this region). Of greater comparative importance would be the data on the number and population density of the separate species. Carnivores, and especially mustelids, are the richest in number of species, which is mainly due to the following reasons: - This group is the richest in number of species in the country as a whole. - Carnivores have an especially high ecological plasticity and adapt rapidly, incl. to unfavourable conditions. - Small carnivores are especially adaptive, due to their size (finding sanctuaries, bearing lairs etc.), (a special case is the otter which is narrowly adapted to a specific habitat). Their reproduction rate is high. Among the peculiar and conservation-wise important features of the large mammals in the region are: - Permanent occurrence of some carnivores of global or European conservation importance such as the otter and the marbled polecat (IUCN Red Data List), wolf and jackal (European Red Data List) in populations which are very good or viable. This makes the local fauna especially valuable on national and supra-national level. - Attempts for a natural self-dispersal of the brown bear (species of European conservation importance). - Good acclimatization of ungulates that hardly bear winters with heavy snows (fallow deer, mouflon etc.). - Relatively weak occurrence and even lack (compared to other Bulgarian mountains) of typically forest species (pine marten?, wild boar), and mountain species (chamois - extinct), and species needing rich razing (red deer). The main reasons for the actual recent status of the conservationally significant species will be treated below.
Zoogeographic analysis, habitats of the species, status of the ones significant in terms of conservation, and negative factors Despite the low level of study, the Eastern Rhodopes flora and invertebrate fauna are rich and specific (see e.g. the BSBCP project - protection of biodiversity of the Eastern Rhodopes, Reports: 2000). Most of the autochtonous macromammals inhabiting the Eastern Rhodopes are, as in the other regions of the country, typical European forest-mountain species. Species such as Vormela peregusna and Canis aureus indicate an Asian / Asia Minor influence. The marbled polecat probably came through the Bosphorus isthmus, which existed at the end of the Pleistocene, until ca. 7000 years according to recent data. As for the jackal, it might have migrated in historical times (SPASSOV, 1989; DEMETER & SPASSOV, 1993; SPASSOV & SPIRIDONOV, 1993). The status of the macromammals is determined by several main factors: 1. The species diversity and specificity are positively affected by the mild climate with its January temperatures high for the country (related to the Mediterranean influ-
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ence); the complex relief; and for some species - the well-developed (especially for mountain conditions) river system. 2. The economic backwardness of the region and its neglect are another positive factor for the populations of some large carnivores. 3. On the other hand, the large-scale deforestation of the Eastern Rhodopes and erosion have a negative effect on the habitats of the mouintain-forest species typical for the country. The reduced planning of game-farming activity is another negative factor influencing the abundance of such species (especially game). That’s why the population density of ungulate species is not high. We should also note that data on the status of the species are influenced by the lack of specialized studies on many of them. The eastern peripheral parts of the region (of mixed landscape) are, according to some data, one of the relatively good habitats of the marbled polecat – Vormela peregusna peregusna (IUCN Red Data List subspecies) (SPASSOV & SPIRIDONOV, 1993). Although the population of higher density here takes no large territory, this territory – habitat of a IUCN Red Data List subspecies must be taken into consideration in future conservation measures. It should be born in mind that even in regions of relatively high population density the marbled polecat is a rare animal, according to observations. It often gets caught in traps laid for other small carnivores. For the time being, there are no apparent reasons to change the status of the species. Due to the well-developed river system, cutting the specific relief of the mountain, and the available artificial water basins, the otter has a high population density in the Eastern Rhodopes region. According to SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV (1989), this region has the highest population density in the country (together with Southeastern Bulgaria and some regions of Middle Bulgaria), estimated after a 4-grade system. This makes the Eastern Rhodopes population important on a European and even global scale in terms of the species conservation, as far as the South Bulgarian population (see map in SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV, 1989) is among the weakly affected populations in Europe. After an approximate estimation, based on data by SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV (1989), the region is probably inhabited by more than 10% of the country’s otter population, or roughly 100 individuals. A major threat for the species is poaching, especially near breeding-ponds and artificial basins. River pollution and change of water regime are important factors too, affecting the nutritional basis of the species. Destruction of riversides makes habitats insecure. (In relation to all these, an important issue is the control upon the construction of the new large Gorna Arda cascade). The Eastern Rhodopes are one of the original habitats of the wolf (IUCN Red Data List species) in Bulgaria (SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV, 1985; SPIRIDONOV, 2000), where it has a rather high density (STOEV, 2000). This is assisted by the desolation of the region and the low control of grazing livestock. According to data collected in the framework of a Wilderness Fund 1999 project (STOEV, 2000), the wolf has broadened its presence in the region during the nineties, although its abundance, judging upon the estimation of local forestry authorities and the number of submitted pelt, is not too high. At the same time, damages mainly on livestock (presumably due to the relative scarcity of local ungulate fauna) are considerable: in the small forestry Zhenda (district of Kardjali) 34 animals have been registered for 1999. This indicates a normal family structure of the population. Forestry experts’ estimations of the wolf population, based on questionnaires, show a
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stable or slightly growing population. On the other hand, these data should be regarded as tentative. The wolf is largely persecuted as pest, and shooting is the main factor regulating its numbers. Another factor affecting the population is the relatively small abundance of ungulates, which makes the wolf pray on domestic animals and escalates the human/ predator conflict. The jackal is another European Red Data List species. In Europe it is practically localized in the Balkans, and its main habitats are in Bulgaria. This species didn’t leave the Eastern Rhodopes during the crises of its population numbers, and it has probably always occurred there. This is due to the suitable climatic and environmental conditions, related to the Mediterranean influence (almost snowless winters), the specific relief and the shrinking of forests (SPASSOV, 1989; DEMETER & SPASSOV, 1993). Jackal habitats in the Eastern Rhodopes region are situated mainly in the northern and the southern periphery and less in the inner areas (RAYCHEV, MS). The jackal population however, though stable, doesn’t seem to be of high density. Again according to data by RAYCHEV (MS), for 1996-1997 the population density is significantly lower than the red fox density in the region, and visibly lower than the jackal population in large territories in Northern and Southeastern Bulgaria. A probable reason is the mountain terrain and the relatively poor nutritional basis (incl. game drop-off), except for some separate restricted areas. The occurrence of the wolf could be a natural factor suppressing the growth of the jackal population. There’s not enough data on the status of the European wildcat (European Red Data List species) in the region. One of the habitats of highest population density, according to PETROV (1991) is the region at the middle current of Maritsa. A number of more southern habitats in thе Eastern Rhodopes could be suitable for the wildcat, because low mountain areas are among the most suitable habitats for this species (PETROV, 1991). Such should be the older forests of the beech and oak belt, mainly in the southern parts (Arda forest region of the mountain). It’s worth noting that as a whole Bulgaria keeps some of the best wildcat habitats in Europe, which indicates the conservation significance of the Bulgarian population. A serious threat for the purity of the population in the relatively accessible areas of the Eastern Rhodopes could be hybridization with feral domestic cats (SPIRIDONOV & SPASSOV, 1998). There are data on considerable numbers of feral cats in the area (SHEREMETIEV, 2000). In open habitats a serious threat to the wild cat could be (besides the jackal and the wolf) feral dogs. Their number is large in the region (SHEREMETIEV, 2000). It can’t be accepted that the brown bear (European Red Data List species) inhabits the Eastern Rhodopes. It’s worth noting though that during the last ten years there have been cases in which individuals from the Western Rhodopean habitats of the species penetrated the Eastern Rhodopes (SPASSOV et al., in press). It seems that this happens seasonally (SHEREMETIEV, 2000) or as a dispersal attempt by young males moving east along natural “ecological corridors” such as wooded river ravines (R. Guntchev, pers. comm.). These penetrations must be born in mind when planning the protection of the habitats in the Eastern Rhodopes. A hindrance to such a self-dispersal is poaching, or branding such bears as “meat-eating”. The pine marten (Bulgarian Red Data Book species) has no suitable enough habitats in the Eastern Rhodopes, where little of the old forests have survived.
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The chamois (endemic Balkan subspecies and Bulgarian Red Data Book species) is long absent from the Eastern Rhodopes and occurs only in the less accessible and more forested areas of the Western Rhodopes (SPIRIDONOV & GENOV, 1997) due to non-regulated hunting in the past. Its penetration to relatively suitable areas in the Eastern Rhodopes such as Zhenda wouldn’t be too easy due to the lack of suitable and inaccessible to humans “ecological corridors” of dispersal. A future self-dispersal would be hindered by poaching, which has become increasingly active in the last ten years. Ungulate game as a whole is not too abundant. This is true even for the wild boar, although it occurs in the larger part of the studied territory, except for the southeastern areas (see table of distribution; it is inappropriate to fix the distribution of many other species on a map because of their mobility). Due to bad game planning the number of wild boars shows a tendency to decrease. The number of roe deers is relatively stable, while the red deer is traditionally weakly represented. There are good climatic and environmental conditions for the mouflon and the fallow deer, the latter species having increased in numbers (SHEREMETIEV, 2000). Data from the species taxations for the last 5 years are presented in Table 2. It has to be noted that an analysis of the population dynamics based on these data would be too hazardous because of the largely subjective methods of collecting the information. The list of the species in the taxation data table (Table 2) includes the hare too. The species does not belong to Macromammalia, Table 2 Data on the abundance of the studied species in the Eastern Rhodopes according to taxation data 1997-2001 year
area (ha)
red deer
fallow roe deer deer
mouflon chamois
1998 1999 2000 2001
4113 4113 4113 4113
-
-
7 9 13 11
-
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
4192 4191 4191 4191 4191
44 43 40 47 50
-
81 80 83 72 74
60 60 61 51 34
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
3340 3340 3909 3439 -
8 12 13 16 -
61 65 80 67 -
63 82 103 132 -
10 20 28 36
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
9614 -
30 38 36 36 73
90 90 76 80 176
130 130 90 140 189
181 190 144 185 273
Zlatograd Ardino Kardjali Zhenda -
wild boar
bear
wolf
wild cat
fox
hare
10 14 11 9
-
1 2 2 2
-
18 21 23 17
76 68 64 60
70 65 70 80 92
-
3 2 3 3 5
-
25 20 20 20 20
68 30 40 50 70
94 96 116 102 -
-
2 -
-
12 10 16 21 -
237 250 250 220 -
90 100 68 70 201
1 1 3
5 5 3 4 7
-
60 60 50 25 71
60 60 45 81
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but is included provisionally as a game species whose number is observed in game farms (Lepus capensis is accepted by many authors as the valid name for the European hare. Recent investigations in biochemical systematics show that the traditional name L. europaeus, should probably be restored for the Palearctic population). For obvious reasons among the macromammals of the Eastern Rhodopes there is only one endemic (and this seems to need a revision) - the weasel in the Balkans, Mustela nivalis galinthias is supposed to be a form inhabiting only the Balkans (Southern Balkans?) (DOUMA-PETRIDOU & ONDRIAS, 1986). Nevertheless, it is of no conservation importance. Not quite clear is the possible relict status of the marbled polecat population. It is possible that its European subspecies survived glaciations in a Balkan-Asia Minor-Transcaucasian refugium (SPASOV, unpublished).
Conservation problems As already noted, macromammals are among the most ethnosignificant species. For this reason the group is of special conservation importance. Among the macromammals from the Eastern Rhodopes region especially important are some carnivores: European marbled polecat, otter, wolf and jackal: these are species from the European or World Red Data List, having stable populations in the region (see ch. 4). The jackal is a problem species for the country today, especially for Southeastern Bulgaria, because of the increase from ca. 5000 individuals at the end of the 1980’s to more than 10 000 (?) (judging from pelts submitted). We shouldn’t forget however that this carnivore, exotic to Europe and of almost entirely unstudied biology on the continent, was near complete extinction on the Balkans during the 1950’s. It probably survived in some miniature “nuclei” - Strandja region (Bulgaria and Turkey), part of the Dalmatian coast, a small territory in Aegean Macedonia and a small population in the Peloponnese (SPASSOV, 1993). As far as the recent population ‘boom” is caused mainly by changes due to human activities, it is impossible to reliably prognosticate future tendencies in the population dynamics affected by this same variable influence. It is not impossible that the abundance of this species diminishes as rapidly as it enlarged. For this reason the support of original jackal populations (such as the Eastern Rhodopes population) and their management by territorial protection should be regarded as a task in future management plans. There are also difficulties related to the conservation of the other problem species - the wolf, the otter (the latter could cause significant damage to fish-farming: see Conservation measures below).
Species of economic significance These species could be divided into: - Species causing damage (these could be species of high conservation importance which creates a serious conflict regarding their treatment). - Species of game and economic significance. The first category includes mainly carnivores such as the wolf (on damages caused by this species see reference above, and the cited Wilderness Fund project and
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the report by STOEV (2000) ) and the jackal. According to some observations, the jackal can cause serious damage to forestry killing new-born roe-deer, mouflons and even fallow-deer. The second category includes ungulates, mainly the red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, roe deer and wild boar. In the local natural-climatic conditions this is especially true for the fallow deer and the mouflon (although the latter cannot be entirely included among the free-living species independent of human assistance). The hare should be mentioned here too (discussed here provisionally - as a game species of some economicimportance, though not a macromammal). The stone marten – Martes foina, which has displaced the pine marten on large territories due to the destruction of old forests, could be of economic significance because of its fur. From this viewpoint, the European wildcat could be noted too. In perspective, we could note that species such as the wolf could have economic significance as trophies, and such an approach, with due regulation, could help the management and conservation of the population.
Threats to the group Threats to the species This problem was discussed in details above. In summary, direct extermination is one of the main threats to many of the priority species - wolf, otter, jackal, marbled polecat, European wildcat (and bear, as far as it is present in the fauna of the region). This extermination is caused by the farmers - predators conflict, causing damage, and (in some cases) by economic interests - hunting for furs or trophies. Poaching (trapping and shooting) is among the main reasons for the diminishing of many carnivores and ungulates. According to official taxation data for the last few years, the game has been almost entirely exterminated in the districts of Krumovgrad and Momchilgrad. Threats to the habitats This is another major threat to many species more dependent on specific biotopes such as the otter (wooded riversides) and the pine marten (old forests). Due to the active deforestation this threat is very serious for many ungulate and carnivore species, limiting secure lairs, nutritional stations and places to breed the young (deer, wild boar, wolf, bear). In some of the southernmost areas (game farms in the districts of Krumovgrad and Momchilgrad) the game is practically absent and no taxations are done. One of the reasons is the lack of habitats. The new Gorna Arda cascade points at the problem of the possible landscape changes in some areas. Recommendations and conservation measures 1. To protect the habitats and ecological corridors between the subpopulations of the wolf, jackal and marbled polecat:
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- Creation of new protected areas of different regime and widening of reserves (e.g. Valchi Dol). - Such are natural riversides (otter); wooded valleys, forests - zones of permanent wolf lairs; mixed pastoral landscapes and low mountain crossed and desolate rocky areas (marbled polecat and jackal). - Such zones of concrete regime of protection must be envisaged in areas identified as potential natural “ecological corridors” of dispersal for the brown bear and the chamois. 2. Creation of population management plans for problem carnivore species of conservation value, to mitigate the human-predator conflict. These plans should include: - Preventive measures for the protection of agriculture, stock-farming and forestry from predators (some NGO’s - Balkans, Wilderness Fund, already have some background with the breeding of Karakachan dogs for the protection of flocks and herds). - Creation of compensation mechanisms regarding the damage caused by predators. - Propaganda and educational activities among specialized groups of the population and in the schools (the young generation). 3. Creation of conditions stimulating ecotourism, in places - game tourism. 4. Solving the problem with feral dogs (and cats?) is important for the conservation of many species and the mitigation of the predator-farmer conflict.
References DEMETER A., N. SPASSOV. 1993. Canis aureus L., 1785 - Schakal. - In: Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Aula Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. Band 5/I (Carnivora). DOUMA-PETRIDOU E., ONDRIAS J. 1986. Contribution to the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the weasel Mustela nivalis on the Southern Balkan peninsula. - Säugetierk. Mitt., 33 (2-3): 235-243. DRAGOEV P. 1982. [Acclimatization and reacclimatization of the game animals.] – Bull. Centr. Counc. Bulg. Union Hunt., 2: 64-72. (In Bulgarian). GENOV P. 1987. Distribution, number, density and use of trophies of the wild boar (Sus scrofa attila Thomas) in Bulgaria. - In: Savremenni postizheniya na balgarskata zoologiya. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 231-234. (In Bulgarian). GENOV P., VASSILEV V. 1989. Der Schakal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgarien. Ein Beitrag zu seiner Verbreitung und Biologie. - Z. Jagdwiss., 35: 145-150. GRIGOROV G. 1987а. Ecological investigations on the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) and its influence on the hare (Lepus europaeus) in Bulgaria. Summary of the PhD Thesis. Inst. Zoology. Sofia., 32 pp. (In Bulgarian). GRIGOROV G. 1987b. On the number and exploatation of certain species from the Mustelidae family in Bulgaria during 1974-1983. – Forest Science, 2: 48-54. (In Bulgarian, summ. Russ., Engl.). PETROV CH., PETROV I. 1987. Distribution, number, use and trophies oof the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Bulgaria. – In: Savremenni postizheniya na balgarskata zoologiya. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 235-238. (In Bulgarian). PETROV I. 1991. [The Wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Bulgaria.] PhD Thesis. Inst. Zool., Sofia. (In Bulgarian). RAYCHEV E. 2001. Investigations on the food and some morphometric features of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the jackal (Canis aureus), the wildkat (Felis silvestris) and the stone marten (Martes foina) in the regions of Central Balkan range and Surnena Sredna Gora Mountain. MS of a PhD Thesis (in prep.). Trac. Univ., Fac. Agric., Stara Zagora. (In Bulgarian). SHEREMETIEV G. 2000. The game farming in Easthern Rhodopes. BSBCP, phase I: E. Rhodopes, vol. 3. Conservation of the biodiversity of Easthern Rhodopes. BSBCP, 2000. (In Bulgarian). SPASSOV N. 1989. The position of jackals in the Canis Genus and life-history of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) in Bulgaria and the Balkans. – Hist. nat. bulg., 1: 44-56. SPASSOV N. 1993. [The jackal.] – Ecocurrier, 3 (4): 40-41. (In Bulgarian).
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SPASSOV N. 1997. Evidences for a late pleistocene isolation and a separate taxonomic status of the Mediterranean brown bear and the conservation value of the Balkan bear population. – Hist. nat. bulg., 7: 109-113. SPASSOV N. 2000. Project: “Integrated Preservation of the Balkan Wolf Population by Diminishing of the Human-Carnivore Conflict and Alterning the Attitudes towards the wolf”. Wilderness Fund, Bulgaria. SPASSOV N., GEORGIEV K., IVANOV V. In press. Status Of The Brown Bear Along The Bulgarian-Greek Border. - Glasnik Prirodnjačkog Muzeja u Beogradu. Beograd. SPASSOV N., GEORGIEV K., SPIRIDONOV G. 2001. Brief notes on the status and problems of the lynx in Bulgaria. - In: Breitenmoser-Wursten C., Breitenmoser U. (eds.). The Balkan lynx population – History, Recent Knowledge on its Status and Concervation Needs. Kora Bericht. Muri, 7: 26-27. SPASSOV N., ILIEV N. 1994. Animal Remains from the Submerged Late Eneolithic - Early Bronze Age Settlement Near Sozopol (The South Black Sea Coast of Bulgaria). - Tracia Pontica, 6: 1-30. SPASSOV N., SPIRIDONOV G. 1993. Vormela peregusna Gueld., 1770- Tigeriltiss. - In: Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Aula Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. Band 5/II (Carnivora). SPIRIDONOV G. 2000. Map of the Distribution of the wolf population in Bulgaria after the ban on poisonous baits in the beginning of 1970. - In: Aladgem S. (ed.). The Green Gold of Bulgaria. USAID, ABV-Teh Ltd Sofia, 116 pp. (in Bulgarian). SPIRIDONOV G., GENOV P. 1997. Bulgaria. - In: Shackleton D. (ed.). Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives. IUCN/SSC. Caprinae Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, 86-89. SPIRIDONOV G., SPASSOV N. 1985. The Wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758); The Bear (Ursus arctos L. 1758); The Lynx (Felis lynx L. 1758). - In: Red Data Book of Bulgaria. 2. Animals. Publ. House Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, 132, 133, 137-138. (In Bulgarian). SPIRIDONOV G., SPASSOV N. 1989. The otter (Lutra lutra L, 1785) in Bulgaria, its status and conservation. – Hist. nat. bulg., 1: 57-64. SPIRIDONOV G., SPASSOV N. 1998. Large mammals (Macromammalia) of Bulgaria. - In: Meine C. (ed.). Bulgaria’s Biological Diversity: Conservation and Status Needs Assessment. Biodiversity Support Programm, Washington D.C., 1-2: 467-483. (Bulgarian version - 1993). STOEV P. 2000. С. Report on the wolf investigations in Eastern Rhodopes for the period 1995-1996. BSBCP, phase I. E. Rhodopes. 3. Conservation of the biodiversity of Easthern Rhodopes. BSBCP, 2000. (In Bulgarian).
Authors’ addresses: Nikolay Spassov National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail:
[email protected] Georgi Markov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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N. SPASSOV, G. MARKOV Биоразнообразие на едрите бозайници (Macromammalia) в Източните Родопи (България) Николай СПАСОВ, Георги МАРКОВ (Р е з ю м е)
В българската част на Източните Родопи се срещат 17 или 18 от всичките 20 вида сухоземни едри бозайници, установени в България. Територията е важна за запазването на жизнени популации от видри и други ценни бозайници, защитени в цяла Европа. Разглеждат се тенденциите, благоприятните и неблагоприятните фактори за съществуването на едрите бозайници в Източните Родопи.
Estimation
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Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia
Estimation of the Faunistic Diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes
Zdravko HUBENOV
Hubenov Z. 2004. Estimation of the faunistic diversity of the Eastern Rhodopes.– In: Beron P., Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 941-951. Abstract. A total of 4329 species has been established in the Eastern Rhodopes, belonging to 410 families, 86 orders, 16 classes and 6 types. The taxa with a Mediterranean type of distribution for some of the investigated groups are between 40 and 70%. Two hundred and ninety-six species are rare (7.2%), 158 species (3.8%) are endemics and 68 species (36.7% of the Bulgarian relicts) are relicts. The number of the taxa of conservation significance is over 400 (9.9%), of which 72 species are of the highest category – of world importance. Key words: Fauna, diversity, conservation, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria, Greece.
Introduction Despite the prolonged investigations and good level of study of some groups, the Eastern Rhodopes remain insufficiently explored. The low interest of the Bulgarian malacologists in this considerable area (about 5.5% of the Bulgarian territory) is impressive in regard to the other regions of the country. The possible reasons for this fact are as follows: late beginning of the investigations that have a casual character here; the lack of big and attractive for visitors karst areas with rich malacofauna; the relative remoteness of natural science centers or high roads; a poor attendance by many zoologists in comparison with other regions and a slight popularity of the mountain as a tourist attraction. Most literature data are fragmentary, they concern separate parts of the mountain or are scattered in different articles that do not particularly refer to the Eastern Rhodopes. The last systematic investigations include Arachnida, Myriapoda, Orthopterida, Chalcidoidea, Lepidoptera, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. The most continuous and systematic are the investigations, concerning butterflies and birds. Two periods are outlined in the contemporary investigations of the Eastern Rhodopes. The first stage began with collecting of orthopterous insects by G. Peshev, included birds’ development by P. Yankov and ended with butterflies’ investigations by S. Beshkov. The second stage is connected with the Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme. Owing to that, many young specialists began work and the investigations got a complex character. Thus, the publishing of the present monograph with articles on the fauna of the
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Eastern Rhodopes became possible. This monograph fills a significant gap in the knowledge on many taxonomic groups. The aim of the paper is to present a summary of the faunistic investigations in the monograph, as well as to analyze the taxonomic diversity of the fauna and the conservation significance of the investigated groups.
Approach The articles, included in the monograph, are various and can be divided into 5 groups: 1) Information on separate taxa in the Eastern Rhodopes; 2) Accidentally included literature data; 3) Generalization of the reported data for the corresponding group from the investigated region; 4) Generalized papers, where the literature data are complemented by current investigations; 5) Systematic contemporary investigations. A part of the articles analyzes the Greek territory of the mountain - such as the ones, concerning the cave fauna, Pseudoscorpiones, Araneae, Myriapoda, Odonata, Orthopterida, Neuropterida, a part of Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Amphibia, Reptilia and Chiroptera. The lack of a generalized plan in preparing the papers, their heterogeneous character and the different level of knowledge on the included groups make it difficult to extract equivalent information from all papers. The level of study is based on the families investigated. Because of the great differences, the number of species in Bulgaria for Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, except for the total, is given separately for the included families (Table 1, in front of the inclined line). The data, given in Table 2, have to be accepted as tentative and the presented information for the separate taxa should not be considered final. The conservation significance of the species is determined according to the number of their populations in Bulgaria. For local endemics, 100% of their populations are localized in the territory of the country, so they have the highest category - world importance (W). The regional endemics, because of their restricted distribution and species from the IUCN Red List, are included in this category too. The Balkan endemics and subendemics; the species, protected by Bulgarian legislation and the ones, included in the Bulgarian Red Book, the Bern and Bonn Conventions, the Birds and Habitats Directives, EUROBATS, ESC Red List and CORINE, belong to the taxa of European importance (E). Relicts, rare taxa and troglophils form the group of national importance (N).
Results and Discussion A total of 4111 species, belonging to 410 families, 86 orders, 16 classes and 6 types have been established in the Eastern Rhodopes so far (Table 1). That represents 29.2% of the studied family species in Bulgaria and 17.3% of the total species composition of the orders. The explored territory includes 30 to 70% of the Bulgarian fauna for the wellstudied groups. The estimated study level of the separate taxa is different. Ciliophora, Crustacea, Collembolla, Aphidodea and Siphonaptera are the most poorly investigated. Entire families from these groups remain almost unknown, so the data in this monograph are accidental. A small number of families from Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera
Estimation
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Table 1 Taxonomic diversity and level of study of the investigated groups in the Eastern Rhodopes
Types
Classes
Orders
1
2
3
Ciliophora (35)
4
5
Kinetofragminophorea (16) Prostomatida Pleurostomatida Trichostomatida Colpodida Synhymeniida Nassuliida Cyrtophorida
5 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 2 1 1 1 1 2
Olygohymenophorea (11)
4 3 2 2 1 4 1
6 3 2 2 1 5 1
Polyhymenophorea (8)
Coelenterata (1)
Number of Eastern Rhodopes Number included number level of of species families of species study, % in Bulgaria
Hydrozoa
Annelida (1)
Oligochaeta Turbellaria Arthropoda (3562) Crustacea (11)
Arachnida (359)
Chilopoda (39)
Diplopoda (26)
Insecta (3401)
Hymenostomatida Scuticociliatida Peritrichida Heterotrichida Oligotrichida Hypotrichida Trachylida Lumbriculida
1 1 Isopoda: Oniscidea 5 Amphipoda 1 Decapoda 1 Scorpiones 1 Pseudoscorpiones Opiliones 5 Araneae 35 Scutigeromorpha 1 Lithobiomorpha 1 Scolopendromorpha 2 Geophilomorpha 5 Glomerida 2 Polydesmida 3 Chordeumatida 2 Callipodida 2 Julida 2 Collembola 3 Odonata 10 Plecoptera 4 Blattodea 3 Mantodea 2 Isoptera 1 Orthoptera 16 Dermaptera 2 Homoptera: Aphidodea 2
1 1 9 1 1 1 19 20 (+11) 281 1 23 5 10 4 5 2 2 13 3 46 9 8 4 1 108 4 13
6
7
10-15 300 (without marine)
15 70
1000 50-100 70 65 60
2(?3) 51 51 975
20
230
4-5 92 40-50 45 100 50 75 20
208 68 100 15 4 2 207 7
2-4
380
944
Z. HUBENOV
1
Mollusca (42)
Vertebrata (409)
2
Gastropoda
Pisces (26)
Amphibia (12) Reptilia (30)
Aves (276)
Mammalia (65)
6
16
3
4
5
6
7
Homoptera: Cicadina Heteroptera Coleoptera Hymenoptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Mallophaga Mesogastropoda Basommatophora
12 34 15 4 15 44 3 36 1 ?2 5
128 468 611 456 81 1186 3 279 1 ?3 6
30 60 15-60 30-40 80 80 3-5 25-30
650 1050 1424/5900 1300/4000 258 2900 75 1200/3500
Stylommatophora Anguilliformes Cypryniformes Siluriformes Salmoniformes Perciformes CaudataAnura Testudines Sauria Ophidia Gaviiformes Podicipediformes Pelecaniformes Ciconiiformes Anseriformes Falconiformes Galliformes Gruiformes Charadriiformes Lariiformes Columbiformes Cuculiformes Strigiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Passeriformes Insectivora Chiroptera Rodentia Carnivora Arctiodactyla 83
20 1 2 1 1 3 15 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 2 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 20 3 3 5 4 3 400
38 1 18 1 2 4 39 4 12 14 1 4 4 12 25 37 5 6 20 9 5 2 7 1 3 4 9 122 6 25 18 13 5 4329
20-30
30 30
334 (without marine)
90
217
100
16
95
36
95-98
400
90 10 80 32 80 33 100 16 100 8 2-100 13914/23145
Note. The percentage of study is formed on the basis of the investigated families. Data for the level of study are not given if there are only single reports for taxa in the Eastern Rhodopes. The number of species for types and classes is given in brackets.
Estimation
945
have been regarded (from 4 to 30), although in Bulgaria they include from 60 to 103 families and thousands of species. Thus, these orders (except for a part of the families included) have to be considered poorly investigated, as 8.2 to 11.4% of the Bulgarian species are recorded in the Eastern Rhodopes. Mollusks, of which 13.5% of the known species in Bulgaria have been reported in the investigated region, should be considered poorly investigated as well. Arachnida, Orthopterida, Neuropterida, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera and Vertebrata are well studied (from 60 to 90%). Three of the studied classes are the richest in species: Insecta (3401 species – 16.9% of the Bulgarian entomofauna as a whole), Arachnida (359 species – 12.4% of the Bulgarian arachnofauna) and Aves (276 species – 69% of the Bulgarian ornithofauna) and 4 of the orders – Lepidoptera (1186 species – 35%), Coleoptera (611 species – 8.3%), Heteroptera (467 species – 44.5%) and Hymenoptera (456 – 11.4% of the species, established in Bulgaria). The following groups are with a moderate species richness: Araneae (281 species – 28.8%), Orthopterida (125 species – 50%), Homoptera (142 species – 10.9%), Diptera (279 species – 8.3%) and Passeriformes (122 species 72.6%). The other groups are poor in species (below 100 species) or are presented with separate reports. For most groups, the Eastern Rhodopes is a region with a very rich species composition. This fact particularly applies to Amphibia, Reptilia and Chiroptera, for which 75 to 80.5% of the Bulgarian species have been found. What makes an impression is that the mountain has a high species richness in comparison to the Central Balkan National Park (2570 species) and Rila National Park (3861 species). Recently an inventory of the parks’ fauna was done but their territories are situated above 700-1000 m and the greater faunistic richness of the Eastern Rhodopes, despite its poorer level of study, has to do with this fact. It can be accepted that the mountain has a rich faunistic diversity but the total level of study is about 30-40%. This low value is connected with the poor investigation of the groups of invertebrates with high species richness. The total taxa number could reach about 10000 after a thorough investigation of the fauna. It is evident that for the small number of groups (Pseudoscorpiones, Araneae, Orthopterida, Neuropterida, a part of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Amphibia, Reptilia and Chiroptera – a total of 1806 species), for which the vertical distribution is presented, the main part of the species (1663 – 92.1%) has been established in the zone up to 600 m (Table 2). The low altitude of the Eastern Rhodopi Mts., the diffused presence of 2 vegetation belts and the poor study level of part of the taxa do not allow some important conclusions for the vertical distribution of the groups to be made. Often, the more widely distributed species reach to above 1000 m, whereas these ones with a Mediterranean type of distribution rarely reach over 500-700 m and usually do not leave the belt of the xerothermic oak forests. For poorly investigated groups the vertical distribution reflects mostly the region of the material collecting. The percentage of the species with a Mediterranean type of distribution is high for some of the investigated groups (Orthopterida – 69.6%, Chiroptera – 68%, Buprestidae – 60%, Heteroptera – 50.9%, Opiliones - 50%, Odonata – 43.5%, Reptilia – 42.8% and Lepidoptera – 39.4%) and is closed to the percentage in Sandansky-Petrich Valley and Kresna Gorge (PESCHEV, 1962; JOSIFOV, 1963, 1999; SAKALIAN, 1994; MITOV, 2001; SIMOV, 2001).
2
35 1 1 1 11 1 19 24 281 64 3 46 9 125 609 489 456 81
Ciliophora Hydrozoa Turbellaria Oligochaeta Crustacea Scorpiones Pseudoscorpiones Opiliones Araneae Myriapoda Collembola Odonata Plecoptera Orthopterida Hemiptera Coleoptera Hymenoptera Trichoptera
Number of species in the Eastern Rhodopes
1
Taxa
to 600 m
66 113
14 40
41
240
125
5
4
600-1000 m
1 1 1 1 1 18
3
above 1000 m
11
6
5
Mediterranean type of distribution
87 238 51
20
15
6
6
Rare species 14
33 4 18
68 20
7
local and regional 4
2
1 7
8
Bulgarian 3
2 4
3
9
Balkan and subendemics 13
1 1 16 6 28
2 7 5 16
10
1
3 1 5
27
11
preglacial
Relicts
glacial 1 1
11
12
cave forms 17
3
1 1 12 10
7
13
protected in Bulgaria 3
1
14
Bulgarian Red Book 15
16
Altitudinal zones
17
Bern Convention
Endemics
18
Bonn Convention
Altitudinal zones
IUCN
Table 2 Faunistic diversity and conservation significance of the investigated groups of animals in the Eastern Rhodopes
19
Birds Directive
Habitats Directive 20
EUROBATS 21
ESC Red List 1
1
22
CORINE 1
1
8
23
946 Z. HUBENOV
3
1186 980 1 298 42 26 12 12 29 28 1 4 4 12 25 37 5 6 20 9 5 2 7 1 3 4 9 122 6 25 25 18 13 5 3644 1546 415 65 4059 1611
2
7
17 7 24
162 20 182
5
10 10
62
4
823 31 854
17
2 12
6
400
6
258 33 291 N
2 2
1 1
2
2
1 9
2 9 1 1
3
98
7
15 15 E
16 W
2
1
9
16
1
1
8
119 7 126 E
3 8 5 1 1
13
10
46 N
46
9
11
18 2 20 N
4 2
1
12
70 10 80 N
10
2 6
11
13
4 6 8 30 2 2 9 6 1
4 12 16 36 1 5 19 8 2 2 7 1 3 4 9 111 2 25 5 10 1 5 320 325 E 94 94 E
2 2 6 1
1 1
3
1 1 7 1
15
4 12 20 1
1
14
11 45 56 W
13 9 2
1
1 6
2
1 6 3 4
10
16
Note. Different taxonomic categories are included in the table (if enough data are available) in order to present generalized data.
Lepidoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Mollusca Pisces Amphibia Reptilia Gaviiformes Podicipediformes Pelecaniformes Ciconiiformes Anseriformes Falconiformes Galliformes Gruiformes Charadriiformes Lariiformes Columbiformes Cuculiformes Strigiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Passeriformes Insectivora Chiroptera Rodentia Carnivora Arctiodactyla Invertebrata Vertebrata Total Conservation value
1
1 6 12 28 1 3 4 12 25 36 5 6 20 9 4 2 7 1 3 4 9 120 8 25 6 11 5 9 372 381 E
8
17
177 177 E
25
48
2
1 1 3 7 25 36 1 4 19 5
18
131 131 E
2 5 25
1
3 11 22 22 5 6 15 8 5
1
19
4 7 1 9 40 49 E
24
1 4
8
20
25 25 E
25
21
13 164 177 E
3
3 5 71
6 1
2 9 11 29 3 3 9 5 3
1
1
10
22
31 E
31
1
20
23
Estimation 947
948
Z. HUBENOV Rare species
This category comprises taxa with scanty populations or such known from single localities only. Usually, such species are connected with definite biotopes and require specific conditions of life. Every negative change of the microclimate, environment pollution and disturbances of their habitats is connected with extinction of species on a local or areal scale. Two hundred and ninety-six species (7.2%) from 21 of the regarded groups are accepted as rare (Table 2). The richest in rare species are Myriapoda (31.2%), Reptilia (31%), Orthopterida (26.4%), Falconiformes (24.3%) and Araneae (24.2%). Approximately equal is this percentage for the invertebrate (7.1%) and vertebrate (7.9%) animals. The most numerous rare taxa have been established for Araneae and Lepidoptera (Table 2). Quite probably, with continuation of the investigations, the list of rare species invertebrates would increase.
Endemics Taxa, which are not distributed outside the borders of the Balkan Peninsula, belong to this category. They are divided into: Balkan (occurring in the territory of more than one Balkan country), Bulgarian (found in Bulgaria only), regional (known from more localities in a definite region) and local (found in one restricted locality). Endemics are of a high conservation value for the evaluation of any territory and show the uniqueness of the fauna. A total of 158 (3.8%) endemic forms for 16 of the investigated groups have been established (Table 2). The percentage of endemism is very high in some groups – Opiliones (50%), Myriapoda (35.9%), Mollusca (24.4%), Pisces (19.2%), Orthopterida (17.6%) and Trichoptera (16.6%). Local endemics (16 species – 10.1%) have been found for 6 groups (Araneae, Myriapoda, Orthopterida, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Mollusca). Myriapoda is the most numerous in endemics – 7 species (10.9%). Bulgarian endemics (15 species – 9.5%) have been established for Plecoptera, Orthopterida (the richest – 4 species), Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Mollusca. Balkan endemics are the richest (127 species – 80.4% from 16 taxa groups) in endemics. Endemic vertebrate animals belong to the last category as well – 7 species (Table 2). The endemism of the invertebrate animals is higher (3.7%) than vertebrates (1.7%) but is lower than the total percentage (4.2%) of the endemic species in Bulgaria (HUBENOV, 1996). A great number of endemics (22 to 35) has been established for Myriapoda, Orthopterida and Coleoptera.
Relicts The relict elements of the fauna are the result of the palaeclimatic and palaegeographical changes from the Tertiary till now. Relicts significantly contribute to the specificity and uniqueness of the fauna and are of high conservation importance. According to their origin, the relicts are preglacial and glacial (Table 2). The percentage of relicts is the highest for Mollusca (28.9%) and Araneae (13.5%). The preglacial relicts (46 species – 67.6%), represented in 6 systematic groups, predominate in the Eastern Rhodopes. They
Estimation
949
are the most numerous for Araneae, Coleoptera and Mollusca (from 5 to 27). The number of the glacial relicts (22 species – 32.4%) is smaller. Representatives of the vertebrate animals also belong to the last category – 2 species fishes. The Eastern Rhodopes occupies the fourth place (68 species - 36.7% of the Bulgarian relicts) after Rila Mt., Vitosha Mt. and Pirin Mt. in terms of the number of relict taxa (Hubenov, 1996).
Underground fauna The confined areals, small number and great vulnerability of the troglophilic and troglobiontic forms, when under destruction of their habitats or change of the conditions there, determine their high conservation importance. In the Eastern Rhodopes, 36 caves have been investigated and 10 troglobionts (from Isopoda, Myriapoda and Coleoptera), 34 troglophilic and 26 trogloxen forms, divided into 11 taxa groups, have been established (Table 2). They are elements of the underground communities and the troglobionts are protected by Bulgarian legislation.
Protected and threatened species Five species of invertebrate animals, protected by the Bulgarian legislation, have been found. Troglobiontic forms (15 species total) belong to this group as well. The European Red Lists of the invertebrate animals are done mostly for the Central and West Europe, but a lot of species, distributed in Bulgaria, are included in them as well. Thus, a small number of taxa from the Eastern Rhodopes are included in: the IUCN Red List – 11 species of Lepidoptera and Mollusca; the Bern Convention – 9 species of Lepidoptera and Mollusca; the Habitats Directive – 9 species of Lepidoptera and Mollusca; the ESC Red List – 17 species of Mantodea, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Mollusca; CORINE – 31 species of Odonata, Mantodea, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Mollusca. The richest in such species (from 8 to 20 species) are Odonata and Lepidoptera. The number of protected and threatened vertebrate animals is very big: 320 species are protected by the Bulgarian legislation, 94 species are included in the Bulgarian Red Book, 45 species – in the IUCN Red List, 372 species – in the Bern Convention, 177 species – in the Bonn Convention, 131 species – in the Birds Directive, 40 species – in the Habitats Directive, 25 species – in EUROBATS and 164 species – in the ESC Red List (Table 2).
Taxa of high conservation value Twenty-seven species of invertebrate animals, accepted as important in terms of conservation, have been established (16 local endemics and 11 included in IUCN Red List). For the invertebrates, the Balkan endemics (2.9%) and CORINE species are mostly of European importance, whereas the rare species (6.3%) of national importance are the most numerous. The underground fauna is accepted as nationally important, despite the presence of world important taxa in it. However, these taxa are included in the local endemics.
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Forty-five species of vertebrate animals (10.8%) are considered world important (included in IUCN Red List). From the taxa of European importance (89.6%) predominate those, which are protected in Bulgaria and included in the Bern Convention, Birds Directive, ESC Red List and Bulgarian Red Book. The taxa of national importance are defined by the rare species (7.9%). The total number of taxa of significant conservation importance exceeds 400 species (9.9%), usually belonging to several categories. Nevertheless, their number is very big and cogently demonstrates the great conservation significance of the Eastern Rhodopes (Table 2). Note: The figures (except of the total of 4329 species) have been calculated on an earlier stage of study and should be taken as approximate.
Acknowledgements The author thanks his colleagues Dr. Petar Beron, MSc Boyan Petrov, MSc Gergin Blagoev, Dr. Pavel Stoev, Dr. Milen Marinov, Dr. Alexi Popov, Dr. Krassimir Kumanski, MSc Nikolay Simov, Dr. Borislav Guéorguiev, MSc Eugeni Chehlarov, MSc Vassila Jordanova, Dr. Georgi Georgiev, Dr. Anelia Stojanova, Dr. Peter Boyadzhiev, Dr. Stoyan Beshkov, Prof. Dr.Venelin Beschovski, MSc Tihomir Stefanov, Dr. Teodora Ivanova and Dr. Nikolai Spassov for the kindly given additional data.
References HUBENOV Z. 1996. Faunistic diversity of Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 11-16. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). JOSIFOV M. 1963. Heteropteren aus der Umgebung von Petrich (SW Bulgarien). - Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 13: 93-132. (In Bulgarian, summ. Germ., Russ.). JOSIFOV M. 1999. Heteropterous insects in the Sandanski-Petrich Kettle, Southwestern Bulgaria. - Hist. nat. bulg., 10: 35-66. MITOV P. 2001. Harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgarien). - In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 75-83. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.). PESCHEV G. 1962. Composition et répartition oecologique des Orthoptères de la montagne Bélassitza. Bull. Inst. zool. mus., 12: 59-107. (In Bulgarian, summ. French, Russ.). SAKALIAN V. 1994. Studies on Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in the Sandanski-Petrich and Gotse Delchev valleys - Southwest Bulgaria. 3. Zoogeographical characteristic. - Acta zool. bulg., 47: 35-42. SIMOV N. 2001. Heteropterous fauna (Insecta: Heteroptera) of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgarien). - In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Kresna Gorge (SW Bulgaria). Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, 189-202. (In Bulgarian, summ. Engl.).
Author’s address: Zdravko Hubenov Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail:
[email protected]
Estimation
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Оценка на фаунистичното разнообразие на Източните Родопи Здравко ХУБЕНОВ (Р е з ю м е) В Източните Родопи са установени 4329 вида, които принадлежат към 410 семейства, 86 разреда, 16 класа и 6 типа. Това представлява 29,2% от видовете на разгледаните семейства в България и 17,3% от общия видов състав на разредите. При добре проучените групи разглежданата територия включва от 30 до 70% от българската фауна. Процентът на видовете с медитерански тип на разпространение е висок при някои от разгледаните групи (между 40 и 70%) и e близък до този в Санданско-Петричката котловина и Кресненския пролом. За редки са приети 296 вида (7,2%) при 21 от разгледаните групи. Процентът на редките видове е най-висок при Myriapoda (31,2%), Reptilia (31,0%), Orthopterida (26,4%), Falconiformes (24,3%) и Araneae (24,2%). При 16 от разгледаните групи са установени общо 158 (3,8%) ендемични форми. Процентът на ендемизъм е най-висок при Opiliones (50%), Myriapoda (35,9%), Mollusca (24,4%), Pisces (19,2%), Orthopterida (17,6%) и Trichoptera (16,6%). По брой на реликтите (68 вида – 36,7% от българските реликти) Източните Родопи са на четвърто място. Процентът им е най-висок при Mollusca (28,9%) и Araneae (13,5%). Доминират преглациалните реликти (46 вида – 67,6%), които са застъпени в 6 систематични групи. Броят на застрашените животни е много голям: 340 вида са защитени от българското законодателство, 94 вида са включени в Червената книга на България, 56 вида – в IUCN, 381 вида – в Bern Convention, 177 вида – в Bonn Convention, 131 вида – в Birds Directive, 49 вида – в Habitats Directive, 25 вида – в EUROBATS и 181 вида – в ESC Red List. Общият брой на консервационно значимите таксони е над 400 (9,9%) като 72 вида са от най-висока категория - световно значение. Приведените цифри са изчислявани на по-ранен етап от изследванията и трябва да се смята, че отразяват приблизителното съотношение на съответните категории. Само крайната цифра (4329) отразява пълния брой на установените в Източните Родопи видове животни.
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