Books on Early American History and Culture, 1971-1980: An Annotated Bibliography

Books on Early American History and Culture, 1971-1980

Recent Titles in Bibliographies and Indexes in American History Guide to Native American Ledger Drawings and Pictographs in United States Museums, Libraries, and Archives John R. Lovett, Jr. and Donald L. DeWitt, compilers Native America and the Evolution of Democracy: An Annotated Bibliography Bruce E. Johansen, compiler The Kickapoo Indians, Their History and Culture: An Annotated Bibliography Phillip M. White, compiler The American Settlement Movement: A Bibliography Domenica M. Barbuto, compiler Reconstruction in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography David A. Lincove, compiler and annotator Books on Early American History and Culture, 1991-1995: An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin Peyotism and the Native American Church: An Annotated Bibliography Phillip M. White A Comprehensive Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of James Monroe, Volume I Daniel Preston A Comprehensive Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of James Monroe, Volume II Daniel Preston Books on Early American History and Culture, 1986-1990: An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin American Indian and African American People, Communities, and Interactions: An Annotated Bibliography Lisa Bier John Wesley Powell: An Annotated Bibliography Marcia L. Thomas

Books on Early American History and Culture, 1971-1980 An Annotated Bibliography

Raymond D. Irwin

Bibliographies and Indexes in American History, Number 51

FMEGER

WMtport Co

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatiqn Data is available at www.loc.gov

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2004 by Raymond D. Irwin All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. ISBN: 0-313-31431-4 ISSN: 0742-6828 First published in 2004 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984)A 10 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To Dawn

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Contents

Preface Abbreviations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

General Historiography and Public History Geography and Exploration Colonization Maritime History Native Americans Race and Slavery Gender Ethnicity Migration Labor and Class Economics and Business Society Families and Children Rural Life and Agriculture Religion American Revolution War of 1812 Constitution Politics and Government Law Crime and Punishment Diplomacy Military Ideas Literature Communication Education

IX

xi 1 25 29 41 47 51 63 75 77 79 81 85 101 109 113 115 139 175 179 183 235 243 245 251 259 267 275 279

viii Books on Early American History and Culture 29 30 31

Science, Medicine, and Technology Visual Arts and Material Culture Performing Arts

Author Index Subject Index

285 293 299 303 317

Preface

This volume is part of a series of annotated bibliographies in early American history—that is, North America and the Caribbean, from 1492 to 1815. It includes monographs, reference works, exhibition catalogues, and essay collections published between 1971 and 1980 and reviewed in at least one of thirty-one general periodicals and historical journals. Each entry gives the name of the book, its author(s) or editor(s), publisher, date of publication, ISBN and/or OCLC number(s), the Library of Congress call number and/or Dewey class number, the number of times the work has been cited in the journal literature covered by the Thomson ISI Arts and Humanities and Social Science citation indexes, and the number of OCLC member libraries holding the item as of August 2004. Following each detailed citation is a brief summary of the book and a list of journals in which the book has been reviewed. This book is composed of thirty-one thematic chapters, an organizational scheme that presents both significant advantages for the user and predictable difficulties for the bibliographer. Few books fit neatly and completely into a single category. As a result, I have made decisions about the placement of entries based on what I perceived to be the primary subject matter of each book. Quite a few of the books described in this bibliography could easily have been listed under a half-dozen chapter headings. For that reason, subject and author indexes are provided at the end of this book. I have tried to make this bibliography as complete and as useful as possible. It is intended to help researchers and teachers of history get a little better grasp on the explosion of scholarly literature that has marked the past several decades. Space limitations, however, make it impossible to give any book its due; rather, this volume should be a starting point for further investigation.

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Abbreviations

American Historical Review AHR AJLH American Journal of Legal History Am Ant American Antiquity American Journal of Sociology AmJSoc American Literature Am Lit American Political Science Review APSR Atl Month Atlantic Monthly Can Rev Am StdsCanadian Review of American Studies CHR Canadian Historical Review CJH Canadian Journal of History EAL Early American Literature Econ Hist Rev Economic History Review Ethnohistory Ethnohistory Hist Pol Econ History of Political Economy Hist Today History Today JAH Journal of American History JBus Journal of Business J Econ Hist Journal of Economic History J Econ Lit Journal of Economic Literature J Ethnic Stds Journal of Ethnic Studies J Eur Econ Hist Journal of European Economic History J Politics Journal of Politics JSocHist Journal of Social History J Urban Hist Journal of Urban History Labor Hist Labor History Library Journal U Nation The Nation Nail Rev National Review The New Republic New Republic Political Science Quarterly PSQ William and Mary Quarterly WMQ

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1 General

1 Abbot, W.W. The Colonial Origins of the United States: 1607-1763. New York: Wiley, 1975. ix, 134 p. ISBN 0471001392 (hbk.); ISBN 0471001406 (pbk.); OCLC 1111344; LC Call Number E188 .A23; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 2. Holdings: 345. Presents an overview of North America through the French and Indian War, framing colonial development in terms of the struggle to survive, the search for wealth and power, and role as "a functioning part of England's commercial empire." Focuses mainly on Massachusetts and Virginia as colonial "prototypes." JAH 62: 959-60. 2 Allain, Mathe and Glenn R. Conrad, eds. France and North America: The Revolutionary Experience. Lafayette, La.: USL Press, 1974. xiv, 260 p. OCLC 1230869; LC Call Number D214 .S9; Dewey 904/.7. Citations: 6. Holdings: 118. Presents papers from the Second Symposium of French American Studies, March 1973. Articles take up neoclassical art and Romanticism, architecture, play writing and theatre, elements of political revolutions, matters of church and state, poetry, science, the meaning of the French Revolution, links between revolutions in France and Santo Domingo, and Vergennes' English policy reflected in the Eden Treaty of 1786. JAH 62: 674-75. 3 Allen, H.C. and Roger Thompson, eds. Contrast and Connection: Bicentennial Essays in Anglo-American History. London: Bell, 1976. ix, 373 p. ISBN 0713519452; OCLC 2396392; LC Call Number E183.8.G7 C767; Dewey 301.29/41/073. Citations: 23. Holdings: 583.

2

Books on Early American History and Culture

Presents 14 essays covering Puritan sexuality, the Massachusetts charter of 1691, English dissent in the American Revolution, loyalism, migration, economics, female suffrage, the enduring Britain-U.S. alliance, and the origins of the Cold War. CJH 12: 278-80; JAH 64: 135. 4 Archdeacon, Thomas F. New York City, 1664-1710: Conquest and Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976. 197 p. ISBN 0801409446; OCLC 1940940; LC Call Number F128.4 .A72; Dewey 974.7/1/02. Citations: 22. Holdings: 527. Argues that ethnicity largely determined political behavior in late-seventeenthcentury New York City (to a greater extent than economics and social class) and asserts that heterogeneity in urban areas of the Middle Colonies "may hold the key to the origin of the democratic ethos and institutions of America." AHR 81: 1218; Am JSoc 82: 1417-18; CJH 11: 409-411; JAH 66: 907; U 100: 2245; WMQ 34: 491-92. 5 Barnhart, John D. and Dorothy L. Riker. Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period. Indianapolis, Ind.: Historical Bureau, 1971. xvi, 520 p. OCLC 154955; LC Call Number F526.H55; Dewey: 977.2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 405. Covers the history of Indiana through the adoption of its state constitution. Follows chronological organization from the French and British eras through American colonial governance and statehood. Discusses relations with Indians, land policy, military operations, the Northwest Territory, servitude and slavery, territorial administration and judiciary, and includes biographical sketches of noted individuals. AHR 79: 843-44; JAH 58: 1007-1008. 6 Billings, Warren M., ed. The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606-1689. Chapel Hill, published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1975. xxiv, 324 p. ISBN 080781234X (hbk.); ISBN 0807812374 (pbk.); OCLC 901106; LC Call Number F229 .B615; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 822. Collects original materials from seventeenth-century Virginia, from preparations for settlement, and local government and institutions, to conflicts with Indians, dependence on tobacco, and discontent leading to Bacon's Rebellion. Includes brief introductory essays for each section and suggested further reading. WMQ 33: 170-71. 7 Bridenbaugh, Carl. Jamestown, 1544-1699. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. xiv, 199 pp. ISBN 0195026500; OCLC 5007249; LC Call Number F234J3B7; Dewey 975.5/4251. Citations: 15. Holdings: 1642. Presents a brief history of Jamestown, its difficulties, ordinary people, and diverse emigrants. Analyzes the settlement's development and decline, and the roles of the chief Opechancanough, Bacon's Rebellion, disease, and tobacco. AHR 86: 450-51; JAH 67: 656; U105: 505.

General

3

8 Bridenbaugh, Carl and Roberta Bridenbaugh. No Peace beyond the Line: The English in the Caribbean 1624-1690. New York, Oxford University Press, 1972. xxii, 440 p. OCLC 303566; LC Call Number F2131 .B84; Dewey 917.29/03/3. Citations: 44. Holdings: 807. Studies exploration, settlement, defense, supply, and farming and trade in the seventeenth-century West Indies. Describes the role of sugar in the agricultural economy and society, the development of the African slave labor force, and the lives of slaves. JAH59: 676-78. 9 Browne, Gary Lawson. Baltimore in the Nation, 1789-1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xiii, 349 p. ISBN 0807813974; OCLC 4933318; LC Call Number HC108.B2 B76; Dewey 309.1/752/603. Citations: 38. Holdings: 380. Traces development of Baltimore from isolated, inland trade town to manufacturing center connected to the rest of the nation. Argues that elites dominated the city during the eighteenth century, but that immigration, the War of 1812, and industrialization broke down that control and encouraged the development of an active and vital middle class. JAH 67: 916. 10 Bushman, Richard L., ed. Uprooted Americans: Essays to Honor Oscar Handlin. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979. xvii, 366 p. ISBN 0316118109; OCLC 4805077; LC Call Number E169.1 .U76; Dewey 973. Citations: 63. Holdings: 738. Essays examine the career of Oscar Handlin, witchcraft and local culture in Hampton, New Hampshire, dependence and independence in 1776, independence and attachment, virtue and interest, Cherokee anomie (17941809), the politics of industrialism in Massachusetts from 1830 to 1870, Utopian fiction, the idea of the melting pot, and the work of Marcus Lee Hansen. AHR 85: 974-75; New Republic 182 (23 Feb 80): 36-38. 11 Campeau, Lucien. Etablissement a Quebec (1616-1634). Quebec: Presses de l'Universite Laval, 1979. 889 pp. OCLC 7463787; LC Call Number BX3711.Q82 C35x; Dewey 266/. 2714. Citations: 3. Holdings: 37. Studies the founding of New France and Roman Catholic (especially Jesuit) missions to eastern Canadian Indians. Provides an introduction, bibliography, documents, appendices, and notes. Gives physical descriptions of each document, its historical context, and summary with annotations. WMQ 39: 696-98. 12 Careless, J.M.S., ed. Colonists and Canadiens 1760-1867. Toronto, Macmillan of Canada, 1971. ix, 278 p. OCLC 148063; LC Call Number F1032 .C277. Dewey 971.02. Citations: 13. Holdings: 370. Collects eleven essays on pre-Confederation Canada. Covers trade and local economies of the Maritime provinces, migration in and out of Nova Scotia, shifting demographics throughout Canada, relations with the United States and the politics of Confederation.

4

Books on Early American History and Culture

CHR 53: 321-23; WMQ 29: 326-28. 13 Carter, Edward C , II. The Virginia Journals of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1795-1798. New Haven, Conn.: Published for the Maryland Historical Society by Yale University Press, 1977. 2 vols. ISBN 0300021984; OCLC 3223594; LC Call Number NA737.L34 C37; Dewey 720/.92/4. Citations: 15. Holdings: 381. Covers Latrobe's early years in Virginia, including his journey from England, some correspondence and sketches, and his Essay on Landscape. Also provides a chronology, genealogy, and sketches of individuals mentioned in the text. Covers plants and animals, geography, geology, agriculture, meteorology, medicine, law, government, literature, architecture, education, music, and art. AHR 83: 1342; JAH65: 1105; U103: 738; WMQ 36: 134-37. 14 Carton, Bruce, and William B. Catton. The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America's Founding Years, 1492-1815. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1978. x, 530 p. ISBN 0385003412; OCLC 10037051; LC Call Number E188 .C33; Dewey 973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 2296. Presents a narrative history of America, with attention to both individuals and movements that resulted in the early nation's development. JAH 66: 629; U103: 2332. 15 Cheetham, Nicolas. New Spain: The Birth of Modern Mexico. London: Gollancz, 1974. 336 p. ISBN 0575013796; OCLC 1104787; LC Call Number F1229 .C48; Dewey 917.2/03/2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 334. Presents an overview of early Mexican history, from pre-Columbian people and the Spanish conquest and rule under Cortes to the viceroy system and efforts at social and political control over Indians. AHR 81: 701. 16 Coleman, Kenneth. Colonial Georgia: A History. New York: Scribner, 1976. xviii, 331 p. ISBN 0684145553; OCLC 1863459; LC Call Number F289 .C64; Dewey 975.8/02. Citations: 11. Holdings: 1054. Synthesizes historical scholarship on colonial Georgia, taking up the settlement of various ethnic groups, Georgia's relationship to adjacent colonies, and the opposition of Governor James Wright to the Revolutionaries. AHR 82: 173-74; JAH 64: 414. 17 Corner, Betsy C. and Christopher C. Booth, eds. Chain of Friendship: Selected Letters of Dr. John Fothergill of London, 1735-1780. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971. xxiv, 538 p. ISBN 0674106601; OCLC 133278; LC Call Number R489.F6 A4; Dewey 610/.924. Citations: 14. Holdings: 343. Presents a biography of Fothergill and heavily annotated correspondence. Letters cover medicine and botany, support of the colonists, Quakerism, family, and his relationship with Benjamin Franklin. WMQ 28: 688-90.

General

5

18 Cronin, James E., ed. The Diary of Elihu Hubbard Smith (1771-1798). Philadelphia, Pa.: American Philosophical Society, 1973. xiii, 481 p. ISBN 0871690950; OCLC 599918; LC Call Number R154.S533 A3; Dewey 610/.92/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 313. Presents the diary (1795-98), letters and essays of Hubbard, medical journalist, physician, opera composer, poet, publisher, critic, and friend and correspondent of William Dunlap, Charles Brockden Brown, Benjamin Rush, and Benjamin Smith Barton. Entries include childhood recollections, opinions on literature and drama, descriptions of social conditions, and consideration of philosophical issues and medical problems. AHR 81: 654-55; Am Lit 45: 489. 19 Daniels, Bruce C. The Connecticut Town: Growth and Development, 1635-1790. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1979. xii, 249 p. ISBN 0819550361; OCLC 5173462; LC Call Number HT123.5.C8 D35; Dewey 301.36/09746. Citations: 52. Holdings: 519. Discusses the evolution of towns in Connecticut, including aspects of settlement, formation, population, government, economics, religion, and local institutions. Finds that the development of institutions, trade, and commerce connections were vital. AHR 85: 976-77; CJH 15: 280-82; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 327-46; JAH 61: 119; J SocHist 15: 119-22; WMQ3Z: 134-36. 20 Davies, K. D. The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974. xiv, 366 p. ISBN 0816607133; OCLC 1095143; LC Call Number JV131 .D38; Dewey 325/34. Citations: 0. Holdings: 703. Summarizes scholarship on North American and Caribbean settlement by the English, French, and Dutch. Covers exploration, colonization, migration, agriculture, trade, government, diplomacy, economics, ideas, and relations with natives. AHR 81: 375; CHR 57: 347-48; JAH62: 99-100; WMQ 33: 690-92. 21 Davis, Harold E. The Fledgling Province: Social and Cultural Life in Colonial Georgia, 1733-1776. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1976. xi, 306 p. ISBN 0807812676; OCLC 2020726; LC Call Number F289 .D24; Dewey 975.8/02. Citations: 12. Holdings: 656. Explores social structure, daily lives of settlers, labor, culture, language, religion, and education in mid-eighteenth century Georgia. Concludes that Georgia suffered from early instability, but that by 1776 was "squarely in the mainstream of contemporary American experience." AHR 82: 733; JAH 64: 760; WMQ 34: 508-511. 22 Dechene, Louise. Habitants et marchands de Montreal au XVIIAe siecle. Paris: Plon, 1974. 588 p. ISBN 0773506586 (hbk.); ISBN 0773509518 (pbk.); OCLC 1216909; LC Call Number HN110.M63 D43; Dewey 309.1/714/28. Citations: 103. Holdings: 319.

6

Books on Early American History and Culture

Explores the seventeenth-century development settlement and business. AHR 81: 696; CHR 56: 449-52; WMQ 32: 637-38.

of Montreal,

especially

23 Dibble, Ernest F. and Earle W. Newton, eds. Spain and Her Rivals on the Gulf Coast. Pensacola, Fla.: Historic Pensacola Preservation Board, 1971. vi, 143 p. OCLC 219901; LC Call Number F372 .G8; Dewey 976/.01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 228. Presents essays on French, Spanish, and English Indian policy on the Gulf coast from 1513 through 1763, revolt in Louisiana, Spanish Gulf coast culture in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, Gulf coast architecture, and films on the colonial era. Includes an appendix on sources for the history of the Spanish borderlands. AHR 17: 1411. 24 Dobyns, Henry F. Spanish Colonial Tucson: A Demographic History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976. x, 246 p. ISBN 0816504385; OCLC 2191790; LC Call Number F819.T9 D62; Dewey 979.1/77. Citations: 20. Holdings: 325. Studies ethnic diversity in the Arizona region prior to 1821, along with military, religious, biological, and environmental influences. Questions the success of frontier missions and finds that the Tucson presidio "determined the specific location of the modern city and set its pattern of early urban development." AHR 82: 735; Ethnohistory 24: 273-74; JAH 64: 117. 25 Eccles, W. J. France in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1972. xii, 297 p. ISBN 0060111526; OCLC 516443; LC Call Number E18.82 .E25; Dewey 970.02. Citations: 39. Holdings: 1627. Surveys French colonies and settlements in North America and the West Indies. Examines the conflict with the British and French aid of the American Revolution. Includes a bibliographical essay. AHR 79: 842; CHR 55: 313-15; JAH 61: 455. 26 Elliott, John B., ed. Contest for Empire, 1500-1775: Proceedings of an Indiana American Revolution Bicentennial Symposium: Thrall's Opera House, New Harmony, Indiana, May 16 and 17, 1975. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1975. xii, 95 p. OCLC 3071174; LC Call Number F482 .152; Dewey 977/.01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 262. Essays discuss agents of empire in colonial America, the impact of Europeans on Indian culture, Spanish Indian policy and the struggle for empire in the Southeast between 1513 and 1776, the French empire in the Ohio Valley and Old Northwest, Britain and the Ohio Valley, 1760-1775, and the advance of the Anglo-American frontier during the eighteenth century. .7/4//64: 405. 27 Feinstein, Estelle E. Stamford from Puritan to Patriot: The Shaping of a Connecticut Community, 1641-1774. 1976. iii, 236 p. OCLC 3001745; LC Call Number F104.S8 F43; Dewey 974.6/9. Citations: 0. Holdings: 63.

General

7

Examines settlement, social structure, government, religion, families, and agriculture in Stamford prior to the Revolution. Stresses the importance and surprising continuity of open field agriculture and family tribalism, and concludes that Stamford, though inland, was remarkably radical on issues leading up to the Revolution. AHR 82: 731; JAH 64: 126. 28 Fried, Marc B. The Early History of Kingston & Ulster County, N Y. Marbletown, N.Y.: Ulster County Historical Society, 1975. xxiv, 206 p. ISBN 0890620059; OCLC 1031292; LC Call Number F129.K5 F82; Dewey 974.7/34/02. Citations: 2. Holdings: 131. Focuses on Dutch-Indian relations in Ulster County, as well as settlement, trade, and British control. Includes a chronology and maps. JAH 62: 664-65; U100: 1214. 29 Fritz, Jean. Cast for a Revolution: Some American Friends and Enemies, 1728-1814. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1972. xii, 400 p. ISBN 0395139457; OCLC 495041; LC Call Number PS858.W8 F7; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 4. Holdings: 668. Surveys the American Revolutionary and early national eras, focusing on individuals such as Mercy Otis Warren, John and Abigail Adams, James Otis, and Thomas Hutchinson. JAH 60: 120-21. 30 Gast, Ross H. and Agnes C. Conrad, eds. Don Francisco de Paula Marin: A Biography; The Letters and Journal of Francisco de Paula Marin. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii for the Hawaiian Historical Society, 1973. 344 p. ISBN 0824802209; OCLC 629263; LC Call Number DU627.17.M37 G37; Dewey 919.69/1/0320924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 279. Presents a biography of Marin, Spanish navy deserter and early settler in Hawaii. Discusses his service of King Kamhameha I and his agricultural experiments. Includes notes from his journal (1809-1826) on daily life, foreign affairs, trade, and religion. AHR 79: 222-23; JAH 60: 1109-1110. 31 Gibson, James R. European Settlement and Development in North America: Essays on Geographical Change in Honour and Memory of Andrew Hill Clark. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978. viii, 230 p. ISBN 0802033571; OCLC 3869193; LC Call Number E179.5 .E94; Dewey 970. Citations: 73. Holdings: 473. Includes essays on the extension of France into rural Canada, old Russia in the New World, the formation of early American cultural regions, antebellum Tidewater rice culture in South Carolina and Georgia, the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade in the eighteenth century, territory and ethnic identity, the early Victorian city in England and America, the weakness of place and community in early Pennsylvania, and Andrew Hill Clark and his work. CHR 61: 216-18; WMQ 36: 475-78.

8

Books on Early American History and Culture

32 Giraud, Marcel. Histoire de la Louisiane francaise. Vol. 4: La Louisiane apres le systeme de law (1721-1723). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1974. 454 p. OCLC 687188; LC Call Number F372 .G5; Dewey 976.3. Citations: 13. Holdings: 895. Examines French Louisiana, its settlement and administration under the Company of the Indies, investments in the colony, economics, living conditions of ordinary settlers, slavery, relations with local Indians, the financial system of John Law, immigration of Germans in the 1720s, missionaries, and the importance of the King's engineers, especially in New Orleans. AHR 81: 439-40; WMQ 32: 361-63. 33 Halpenny, Francess G., ed. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 3: 1741-1770. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974. xliii, 782 p. OCLC 1566617; LC Call Number F1005 .D49; Dewey 920/.071. Citations: 2. Holdings: 1075. Presents 550 biographies of individuals of importance in Canada who died between 1741 and 1770. CHR 56: 445-47. 34 Halpenny, Francess G., ed. Dictionary 1771-1800. Toronto: University of Toronto 1566617; LC Call Number F1005 .D49; Holdings: 1075. Contains 504 biographies of individuals of between 1771 and 1800. CHR 61: 372-73.

of Canadian Biography. Vol. 4: Press, 1979. lvii, 913 p. OCLC Dewey 920/.071. Citations: 3. importance in Canada who died

35 Hamshere, Cyril. The British in the Caribbean. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972. xii, 240 p. ISBN 0674082354; OCLC 532561; LC Call Number F2131 .H35; Dewey 972.9. Citations: 7. Holdings: 556. Surveys the history of the British Caribbean. Examines exploration and colonization, conflict with the Spaniards, piracy, agriculture, labor, slavery, and imperial wars. Asserts that slavery "produced the great wealth that helped to finance the revolution in industry which turned Britain into a modern state." AHR78: 1559-60; JAH60: 781-82; WMQ31: 334-36. 36 Higginbotham, Jay. Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702-1711. Mobile, Ala.: Museum of the City of Mobile, 1977. 585 p. ISBN 0914334034; OCLC 3562831; LC Call Number F334.M6 H482x; Dewey 976.1/22. Citations: 12. Holdings: 468. Presents a largely "local history: an attempt to describe in as detailed and accurate a fashion as is presently possible the personalities and events surrounding the establishment and life of the now extinct town known to history as Old Mobile." Discusses area government, religion, Indians, slaves, and ordinary people. AHR 83: 1333-34; CHR 60: 69-70; JAH 65: 751.

General

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37 Howe, John R. From the Revolution through the Age of Jackson: Innocence and Empire in the Young Republic. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: PrenticeHall, 1973. xv, 224 p. ISBN 0133313557 (hbk.); ISBN 0133313484 (pbk.); OCLC 488379; LC Call Number E301 .H85; Dewey 973. Citations: 1. Holdings: 412. Synthesizes historical literature on the Revolutionary and early national periods and examines ideology, economics, blacks, Indians, and the lives of ordinary Americans from 1776 to 1850. JAH6\: 166-67. 38 Illick, Joseph E. Colonial Pennsylvania: A History. New York: Scribner, 1976. xix, 359 p. ISBN 0684145650; OCLC 1859816; LC Call Number F152 .144; Dewey 974.8/02. Citations: 21. Holdings: 1145. Traces the development of Pennsylvania from colony to state, covering its main social, political, economic, and religious currents. Suggests that the colony was complex and multifaceted. AHR 82: 430; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 57-65; JAH 64: 119-20; U 101: 1118; WMQ 34: 334-37. 39 James, Sydney V, Colonial Rhode Island: A History. New York: Scribner, 1975. xviii, 423 p. ISBN 0684143593; OCLC 1273610; LC Call Number F82 J35; Dewey 974.5/02. Citations: 21. Holdings: 1029. Offers a survey of colonial Rhode Island, focusing on settlements, religious disagreements, land disputes, relations with Indians, and the development of government and political factions. Contends that religious freedom emerged in the colony for pragmatic reasons, not ideological ones. AHR 81: 1215-16; JAH64: 755; WMQ35: 164-66. 40 Johnson, Leo A. History of the County of Ontario, 1615-1875. Whitby, Ont.: Corporation of the County of Ontario, 1973. 386 p. ISBN 0969099606; OCLC 1510678; LC Call Number F1059.O5; Dewey 971.3/55. Citations: 4. Holdings: 39. Surveys political, social, economic and demographic changes in Ontario from the early fur trade to Canadian nationhood. Presents a Marxist view of the county's development, focusing on rural poverty. CHR 59: 374-75. 41 Jones, Oakah L., Jr. Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979. xv, 351 p. ISBN 0806114320; OCLC 4193224; LC Call Number F799 J75; Dewey 979. Citations: 59. Holdings: 1041. Studies average civilian settlers in New Spain's northernfrontier,with emphasis on labor, education, postal service, crime, relations with Indians, social class, disease, and diet. Characterizes settlers and their families as isolated, impoverished, and lacking information. AHR 85: 241-42; JAH 66: 905.

10 Books on Early American History and Culture 42 Kammen, Michael. Colonial New York: A History. New York: Scribner, 1975. xix, 426 p. ISBN 0684143259; OCLC 1230649; LC Call Number F122 .K27; Dewey 974.7/02. Citations: 44. Holdings: 1403. Surveys New York's colonial past, stressing its diversity, conflicts in legal systems, political development, native populations, economics, religion, society, and move toward independence. AHR 81: 955; 7,4//63: 681-82; U100: 2322-23. 43 Kammen, Michael, ed. The History of the Province of New-York. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1972. 2 vols. ISBN 0674403215; OCLC 258416; LC Call Number F122 .S64; Dewey 974.7/02. Citations: 30. Holdings: 684. Presents an edited version of William Smith's 1757 work. Includes an introduction and history of the book, which covers New York from settlement through the 1730s. CJHS: 86-87; JAH 60: 112-114; WMQ 30: 535-37. 44 Kelley, Joseph J., Jr. Pennsylvania: The Colonial Years, 1681-1776. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980. x, 848 p. ISBN 0385021577; OCLC 5890907; LC Call Number F152 .K28; Dewey 974.8/02. Citations: 12. Holdings: 424. Provides a survey of Pennsylvania history from the colony's founding through the end of 1776, from William Perm through Benjamin Franklin. Covers religion, trade, Indian relations, society, and politics. JAH6&: 360-61; U 105: 1630. 45 Labaree, Benjamin W. Colonial Massachusetts: A History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1979. xvii, 349 p. ISBN 0527187143; OCLC 4591648; LC Call Number F67 X34; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1014. Surveys Massachusetts history through the Revolution, covering native inhabitants, English Puritan background, politics, economics, relationship to the British empire, the Dominion of New England, Salem witchcraft trials, and the struggle for independence. Includes illustrative biographical vignettes of Massasoit, John Winthrop, the Mather family, Samuel Sewall, Jonathan Edwards, Thomas Hutchinson, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Edward Rice, and John Parker. AHR85: 1255-56; JAH67': 115; WMQ38: 519-21. 46 Lefler, Hugh T. and William S. Powell. Colonial North Carolina: A History. New York, Scribner, 1973. xvi, 318 p. ISBN 0684135361; OCLC 799513; LC Call Number F257 .L52; Dewey 975.6/02. Citations: 18. Holdings: 1219. Surveys North Carolina from settlement to the beginning of the American Revolution, focusing on immigration, labor, diversity, society, and the role of the frontier. Concludes that "the revolutionary struggle led in large measure by the upper class, was a leveling influence that began to wipe out class differences, which had become rather deeply entrenched during the Colonial period."

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AHR 80: 482-83; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 57-66; JAH 61: 761-63; WMQ 31: 507509. 47 Lemmon, Sarah McCulloh. The Pettigrew Papers. Vol. 1: 1685-1818. Raleigh, N.C.: State Department of Archives and History, 1971. 2 vols. OCLC 277474; LC Call Number F254 .P48; Dewey 917.56/03/2. Citations: 4. Holdings: 204. Publishes records and letters of the Pettigrew family of North Carolina, focusing primarily on Charles and Ebenezer Pettigrew. Primarily covers the period after 1753 and takes up topics like religion, plantation management and family affairs. AHR 77: 1499-1500; JAH 59: 413-414; WMQ 30: 363-65. 48 MacLachlan, Colin M. and Jaime E. Rodriguez. The Forging of the Cosmic Race: A Reinterpretation of Colonial Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. xiv, 362 p. ISBN 0520038908; OCLC 5939323; LC Call Number Fl231 .M32. Citations: 45. Holdings: 715. Provides an overview of colonial Mexican history, examining conquest, colonial administration, women, families, economics, and society. Concludes that "No other part of the Spanish Empire attained a comparable integration of peoples and cultures," among Europeans, Native Americans and African descendants. AHR 87: 293; CJH 17: 146-48; U105: 1306. 49 Macmaster, Richard K. The Five George Masons: Patriots and Planters of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: Published for the Board of Regents of Gunston Hall by the University Press of Virginia, 1975. viii, 341 p. ISBN 0813905508; OCLC 1257015; LC Call Number E302.6.M45 C58; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 462. Presents a genealogical history of the Mason family from arrival in Virginia in the early 1650s through the sons of the Revolutionary leader George Mason. Covers larger issues of plantation and local institution development and connections between the Northern Neck of Virginia and Maryland's Western Shore. AHR 82: 433-34; JAH 63: 689-90. 50 Marambaud, Pierre. William Byrd ofWestover, 1674-1744. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1971. ix, 297 p. ISBN 0813903467; OCLC 157521; LC Call Number F229 .B98; Dewey 975.5/02/0924. Citations: 10. Holdings: 624. Considers Byrd's life, personality, and thought, noting that he was more a man of action than an intellectual. AHR 78: 148-49; Am Lit 43: 655-56. 51 Martin, James Kirby, ed. The Human Dimensions of Nation Making: Essays on Colonial and Revolutionary America. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976. vi, 370 p. ISBN 0870201581; OCLC 1733482; LC Call Number E208 .H84; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 28. Holdings: 376.

12 Books on Early American History and Culture Presents essays in honor of Merrill Jensen on Edmund Andros, property distribution in colonial Connecticut, Georgia Governor James Wright, Rhode Island in the Confederation period, and the militia system after the Revolution. JAH64: 129; U101: 1527-28; WMQ 34: 482-85. 52 McDermott, John Francis, ed. The Spanish in the Mississippi Valley, 17621804. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1974. xiii, 421 p. ISBN 0252002695; OCLC 820839: LC Call Number F352 .S72; Dewey 917.6/06/61. Citations: 18. Holdings: 593. Includes essays on the historiography of Spanish colonial Louisiana, resources in Louisiana depositories for the study of Spanish activities in Louisiana, Mexican archives and the historiography of the Mississippi valley in the Spanish period, land settlement policies and practices in Spanish Louisiana, the formulation of Spanish immigration policy in the Old Southwest (1787-88), Anglo-Spanish rivalry on the Louisiana frontier (1763-68), Governor Bernardo de Galvez and Spanish espionage in Pensacola (1777), Pedro Vial in upper Louisiana, Philip Nolan's entry into Texas in 1800, the role of the city government in the economic development of New Orleans (1783-1812), Spanish regulation of taverns and the liquor trade in the Mississippi valley, symbols of chiefly authority in Spanish Louisiana, the Osage in Upper Louisiana between 1763 and 1804, and Captain Fernando de Leyba and the defense of St. Louis in 1780. JAH6X: 1079-80. 53 Menier, Marie-Antoinette. Correspondance a Varrivee en provenance de la Louisiane. Paris: Archives nationales, diffusion la Documentation fran9aise, 1976. 771 p. ISBN 2860000879; OCLC 4001929; LC Call Number F372 .F8; Dewey 016.9763. Citations: 0. Citations: 0. Holdings: 75. Publishes the correspondence of the Secretaire d' Etat de la Marine involving the Louisiana colony between 1678 and 1753. Includes a short summary and an indication of length for each item. Covers issues of religious, political, military, diplomatic, and commercial importance, including slavery and relations with natives. AHR 82: 733-34. 54 Moody, Robert E. The Saltonstall Papers, 1607-1815: Selected and Edited with Biographies of Ten Members of the Saltonstall Family in Six Generations. Vol. I: 1607-1789. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1972. LC Call Number F61 .M41; Dewey 974.4 s 929/.2/0973. Citations: 7. Holdings: 159. Publishes selected papers from the Saltonstall family, including letters, deeds, and inventories. Documents discuss migration, slavery, witchcraft, Indian wars, the establishment of Yale and Harvard, the lead up to the Revolution, loyalists, and the British occupation of Boston. JAH61: 437-38; WMQ 33: 171-73. 55 Moody, Robert E. The Saltonstall Papers, 1607-1815: Selected and Edited with Biographies of Ten Members of the Saltonstall Family in Six Generations. Vol. II: 1791-1815. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1972. OCLC

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520980; LC Call Number F61 .M41 vol. 80-81; Dewey 974.4 s 929/.2/0973. Citations: 2. Holdings: 159. Documents focus on the activities of Leverett Saltonstall (1783-1845), including childhood, education, marriage, early career, and everyday activities. JAH62: 947-48; WMQ33: 171-73. 56 Munroe, John A. Colonial Delaware: A History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1978. xvii, 292 p. ISBN 0527187119; OCLC 3933326; LC Call Number F167 .M84; Dewey 975.1/02. Citations: 14. Holdings: 907. Provides an overview of early Delaware history, covering settlement by the English, the Swedes, and the Dutch, Quakerism, the "Three Lower Counties," politics and government, and relations with Pennsylvania and Maryland. AHR 84: 1470; JAH 66: 907; U104: 727; WMQ 36: 636-37. 57 Nasatir, Abraham P. Borderland in Retreat: From Spanish Louisiana to the Far Southwest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1976. x, 175 p. ISBN 0826303943; OCLC 2289264; LC Call Number F799 .N37; Dewey 976/.02. Citations: 9. Holdings: 560. Publishes seven essays synthesizing conflict among Spain, France, England, and the U.S. in the region between the Mississippi River and the Rockies. Focuses on Spain's attempts to defend Louisiana. AHR 82: 439; JAH63: 983-84. 58 Newton, Earle W. Spain and her Rivals on the Gulf Coast. Pensacola, Fla.: Historic Pensacola Preservation Board, 1971. vi, 143 p. OCLC 219901; LC Call Number F372 .G8; Dewey 976/.01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 228. Includes essays on French, Spanish, and English Indian policy on the Gulf coast between 1513 and 1763, the revolt in Louisiana, the Spanish Gulf coast cultural assemblage (1500-1763), Gulf coast architecture, and sources for the history of the Spanish borderlands. JAH 59: 125-26. 59 O'Crouley, Don Pedro Alonso. A Description of the Kingdom of New Spain, 1774. Translated and edited by Sean Galvin. San Francisco, Calif: J. Howell, 1972. xviii, 148 p. OCLC 938778; LC Call Number F1211. 02513. Citations: 0. Holdings: 394. Publishes the Idea Compendiosa del Reyno de Nueva Espana by O'Crouley, a Cadiz merchant who made several trips to New Spain. Describes the conquest of New Spain, ethnicity and size of the population, the flora and fauna, settlements, provinces, and government. AHR 78: 747-48. 60 Ouellet, Fernand. Le Bas-Canada, 1791-1840: Changements structuraux et crise. Ottawa: Editions de l'Universite d'Ottawa, 1976. 541 p. ISBN 0776650068; OCLC 3064458; LC Call Number HC117.Q4 089; Dewey 330.9714/02 19. Citations: 48. Holdings: 130. Provides an overview of rural society, economy, politics, and demographics in French Canada. Concludes that "The crisis of the rural economy and the

14 Books on Early American History and Culture population pressures building up at the beginning of the nineteenth century are the principal elements in the rural discontent which found expression first through the parti canadien etpatriote and then in an insurgent movement led by the French-Canadian middle class." AHR 82: 1367-68; CHR 59: 226-29. 61 Parrish, William E., ed. A History of Missouri. Vol. 1: 1673 to 1820. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971. ix, 237 p. ISBN 0826201083; OCLC 162472; LC Call Number F466 .H58; Dewey 977.8. Citations: 9. Holdings: 675. Surveys the history of Missouri from French and Spanish control as part of Louisiana to the U.S. purchase of the territory and statehood. Emphasizes the role of the area in the Lewis and Clark expedition and its position as a gateway to the West. AHR 79: 1249-50. 62 Penick, James , Jr. The New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811-1812. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1976. 181 p. ISBN 0826201954; OCLC 1991144; LC Call Number QE535.2.U6 P46; Dewey 977.8/985. Citations: 7. Holdings: 506. Reports on the earthquakes in the Mississippi valley between December 1811 and February 1812. Describes the destruction caused by the main quake and the aftershocks, and the effect on individuals, land, animals, and waterways. AHR 82:440; JAH 67: 136. 63 Pinckney, Elise and Marvin R. Zahniser, eds. The Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739-1762. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972. xxix, 195 p. ISBN 0807811823; OCLC 310132; LC Call Number F272 .P6416; Dewey 975.7/02/0924 B. Citations: 15. Holdings: 468. Publishes selected letters covering Pinckney's role in South Carolina society and business, and her views on childrearing, philanthropy, the treatment and education of slaves, and the Cherokee War. JAH 59: 690-91. 64 Platt, Virginia Bever, and David Curtis Skaggs, eds. Of Mother Country and Plantations: Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Conference in Early American History. Bowling Green, Oh.: Bowling Green State University Press, 1971. 127 p. OCLC 740197; LC Call Number E188 .P42; Dewey 970.03. Citations: 5. Holdings: 108. Publishes papers from a 1970 Bowling Green State University conference. Essays cover the British-Chesapeake trade between 1750 and 1775, the incorporation of Quebec into the British empire in the years immediately following the Seven Years' War, historical methodology, and the need for increased cooperation among historians. CHR 54: 82-84; JAH 59: 984; WMQ 30: 365-66.

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65 Pomfret, John E. Colonial New Jersey: A History. New York: Scribner, 1973. xix, 327 p. ISBN 0684133717; OCLC 743426; LC Call Number F137 .P717; Dewey 974.9/02. Citations: 14. Holdings: 1090. Emphasizes political, economic, and religious themes in the history of colonial and Revolutionary New Jersey. AHR 80: 178; JAH62: 374-75; WMQ3X: 505-507. 66 Pope, Thomas H. The History of Newberry County, South Carolina. Volume 1: 1749-1860. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1973. 351 p. ISBN 0872492486; OCLC 532295; LC Call Number F277.N5 P66; Dewey 975.7/39. Citations: 3. Holdings: 239. Explores settlement of Newberry County, largely by Scots-Irish and German artisans and small farmers, and traces its development into an economy dependent upon cotton and slave labor. Ties local history to national developments and considers controversies over nullification and secession. AHR79: 1251-52; JAH 60: 1096. 67 Powell, Philip Wayne. Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier, 1548-1597. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977. xi, 322 p. ISBN 0816505691; OCLC 3090055; LC Call Number F1219.C27 P68; Dewey 972/.02/0924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 332. Describes the life and career of Caldera, a mestizo settler in New Spain's Chichimeca frontier, Indian fighter, and civil administrator. Contends that his career reveals that the Spanish were much more interested in religious conversion of natives than were British Americans. Calls Caldera "the first of the continent's notable mixed-blood frontiersmen." AHR 83: 1377-78. 68 Proctor, Samuel, ed. Eighteenth-Century Florida and Its Borderlands. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1975. xiii, 157 p. ISBN 081300408X; OCLC 1130080; LC Call Number F314 .E34; Dewey 975.9/02. Citations: 9. Holdings: 243. Presents seven papers from a May 1972 University of Florida conference. Includes articles on southeastern slavery, Indian activities during the Revolution, British West Florida, the work of DeBrahm, and New World colonization. JAH 63: 683-84. 69 Proctor, Samuel, ed. Eighteenth-Century Florida: Life on the Frontier. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1976. xi, 110 p. ISBN 081300523X; OCLC 2074373; LC Call Number E263.F6 B52; Dewey 975.9/02. Citations: 9. Holdings: 390. Presents papers from a Florida Bicentennial symposium. Essays cover loyalists, blacks, Indians, Jews, George Washington, frontier music, and drama. JAH 64: 120-21. 70 Proctor, Samuel, ed. Eighteenth-Century Florida and the Revolutionary South. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1978. xvii, 125 p. ISBN

16 Books on Early American History and Culture 0813005841; OCLC 3002071; LC Call Number E263.F6 E37; Dewey 975.9/02. Citations: 5. Holdings: 233. Presents papers from a March 1975 Florida State University symposium. Essays examine post-1763 importation of English books into Florida, the work of William Gilmore Simms, South Carolina's pre-Revolution impact on East Florida, Thomas Brown and the East Florida Rangers, West Florida, and British strategy in the Revolution, and British merchant trading with Creeks, and other Indians in Spanish West Florida before 1790. JAH66: 121. 71 Rawlyk, George A. Nova Scotia's Massachusetts: A Study of Massachusetts-Nova Scotia Relations, 1630 to 1784. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1973. xviii, 298 p. ISBN 0773501428; OCLC 858368; LC Call Number F1038.R38; Dewey 971.6/01. Citations: 16. Holdings: 312. Underscores that Massachusetts' interest in Nova Scotia throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was intermittent. Finds that most Massachusetts residents, except "a relatively small number of fishermen, traders, and governmental officials," had little sustained interest in Nova Scotia. AHR 80: 712; CHR 56: 327-28; JAH62: 370-71; WMQ32: 153-55. 72 Reps, John W. Tidewater Towns: City Planning in Colonial Virginia and Maryland. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distributed by the University Press of Virginia, Charlortesville, 1972. xii, 345 p. ISBN 0813903327; OCLC 428505; LC Call Number HT167.5.V8 R46; Dewey 711/.4/097521. Citations: 26. Holdings: 599. Studies seventeenth- and eighteenth-century town planning in Annapolis, Williamsburg, Richmond, Baltimore, and Washington. Finds that government policy encouraging town planning for settlement failed as population movements resulted in the establishment of smaller towns wherever there was a need. AHR 78: 472-73; JAH60: 115-116; WMQ30: 540-42. 73 Risjord, Norman K. Forging the American Republic, 1760-1815. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1973. xii, 400 p. OCLC 613514; LC Call Number E195 .R57; Dewey 973. Citations: 0. Holdings: 245. Synthesizes Revolutionary and early national scholarship, focusing on ideas, economics, politics, religion, Indians, women, and blacks. JAH6\: 772. 74 Robinson, W. Stitt. The Southern Colonial Frontier, 1607-1763. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979. xvii, 293 p. ISBN 0826305024 (hbk.); ISBN 0826305032 (pbk.); OCLC 4859060; LC Call Number F212 .R62; Dewey 975/.02. Citations: 15. Holdings: 694. Traces the advance of the frontier in the South from the settlement of Jamestown to the end of the French and Indian War. Finds divisions between Tidewater and interior settlers and stresses the role of the tobacco and fur trade in territorial expansion. AHR 85: 975-76; JAH 67: 386; WMQ 37: 502-504.

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75 Rollins, Richard M. The Long Journey of Noah Webster. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1980. xi, 195 p. ISBN 0812277783; OCLC 5830105; LC Call Number PE64.W5 R6; Dewey 423/.092/4 B. Citations: 32. Holdings: 744. Focuses on changes in Webster's views over time. Asserts that Webster favored the Revolutionary ideology of liberty and equality, but became more conservative as a result of the excesses of the French Revolution, and finally became an authoritarian Calvinist Christian, which informed his lexicographical work. AHR 86: 454-55; Am Lit 53: 147-48; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 61-70; LJ 105: 607; WMQ 38: 328-30. 76 Rouse, Parke, Jr. The Great Wagon Road from Philadelphia to the South. New York: McGraw, 1973. xii, 292 p. ISBN 0070541019; OCLC 446080; LC Call Number El 88 .R85; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 804. Studies exploration, trade, missionary and military activities, and settlement in the area of the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, which ran from Philadelphia to Augusta, South Carolina, and around the Wilderness Road, which went from Fincastle, Virginia to Nashville. Notes the importance of these roads to exploration and English, Scotch-Irish, and German settlement, and military actions in Indian and imperial wars. WMQ 31: 158-59. 77 Rouse, Parke, Jr. James Blair of Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971. xiii, 336 p. ISBN 0807811750; OCLC 210538; LC Call Number F229 .B6195; Dewey 378.1/011/0924 B. Citations: 8. Holdings: 531. Examines the career of Blair, especially his work in establishing and governing the College of William and Mary, service as pastor and commissary of the Anglican Church in Virginia, and his politics. JAH 59: 126-27; WMQ 29: 661-62. 78 Royot, Daniel. La France et I'Esprit de 76: Colloque du Bicentenaire de I'Independance des Etats-Unis. Clermont-Ferrand: Faculte des Lettres et Sciences humaines de l'Universite de Clermont-Ferrand, 1977. 209 p. OCLC 4276215; LC Call Number E265 .F83; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 3. Holdings: 13. Collects essays from a May 1976 colloquium. Papers cover ethnicity in the American Revolution, the democratization of the military in Revolutionary America, loyalists, the life of Lafayette, Phillis Wheatley, American novelists before James Fenimore Cooper, Benjamin Franklin in the novels of Hawthorne, Melville, and Twain, and transcendentalists. JAH66: 126. 79 Simmons, R. C. The American Colonies: From Settlement to Independence. New York: McKay, 1976. 438 p. ISBN 0679505954; OCLC 2592910; LC Call Number El88 .S59; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 18. Holdings: 879. Provides a narrative survey of colonial history. Views colonial society generally as elitist and deferential and sees the American Revolution as a social movement.

18 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 82: 1058-59; CHR 59: 359-61; JAH 64: 749; U 101: 2279; WMQ 36: 310312. 80 Smith, Alice E. The History of Wisconsin. Volume 1: From Exploration to Statehood. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1973. xiv, 753 p. ISBN 0870201220; OCLC 1446777; LC Call Number F581 .S64 v.l; Dewey 977.5. Citations: 7. Holdings: 56. Surveys Wisconsin history through 1848. Considers the early explorations and settlements of Europeans and their contacts with Indians, French-British rivalries, the Revolution and early republican period, Indian removal, and the society, economy, government and politics of the territory. AHR79: 1618-19. 81 Smith, Page. The Shaping of America: A People's History of the Young Republic. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980. xxiv, 870 p. ISBN 0070590176; OCLC 4983182; LC Call Number E301 .S6; Dewey 973. Citations: 12. Holdings: 2077. Surveys politics, ideas, society, and culture in America between 1783 and 1824. Points to the importance of Protestant Christianity and immigration in the development of American character. U105: 100; WMQ3K: 514-517. 82 Steffen, Jerome O. William Clark: Jeffersonian Man on the Frontier. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. xii, 196 p. ISBN 0806113731; OCLC 2202488; LC Call Number F592.C56 S74; Dewey 917.8/04/20924 B. Citations: 7. Holdings: 821. Examines the life of Clark, of Lewis and Clark fame, emphasizing Clark's views on Indian policies and the problems of the Jacksonian era. Characterizes Clark as an eighteenth-century Enlightenment man with a multi-faceted personality. JAH64: 1095; U 102: 912; WMQ 35: 415-417. 83 Taylor, Robert J. Colonial Connecticut: A History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1979. xvi, 285 p. ISBN 0527187100; OCLC 4664349; LC Call Number F97 T25; Dewey 974.6/02. Citations: 17. Holdings: 934. Surveys early Connecticut politics, economy, religion, society, culture, the colony's place within the empire, and the coming of the Revolution. Argues that Connecticut's homogeneity and deferential social order generally prevented upheaval and violence and helps to explain Connecticut's slow movement to Revolution. Concludes that colonists jealously defended their 1662 Charter. AHR 85: 715; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 57-65; JAH 66: 905; WMQ 37: 353-54. 84 Terrell, John Upton. Pueblos, Gods and Spaniards. New York: Dial Press, 1973. xxiii, 358 p. OCLC 628364; LC Call Number E99.P9 T47; Dewey 970.4/9. Citations: 1. Holdings: 879. Focuses on Pueblo history from Coronado's 1540 expedition to de Vargas's 1693 reconquest. Intended for a general audience. AHR79: 1618.

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85 Thayer, Theodore. Colonial and Revolutionary Morris County. Morristown, N.J.: Morris County Heritage Commission, 1975. vi, 325 p. OCLC 2119996; LC Call Number F142.M8 T42; Dewey 974.9/74. Citations: 0. Holdings: 83. Presents a history of early Morris County, New Jersey. Discusses Indians, European settlement, trade, farming, society, politics, economics, transportation, religion, education, and law. Emphasizes its valuable geographical position in the Revolution. JAH63: 698; WMQ 34: 153-54. 86 Thomas, M. Halsey, ed. The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674-1729. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973. xxxvii, 1254 p. ISBN 0374139520; OCLC 781816; LC Call Number F67 .S514; Dewey 974.4/02/0924. Citations: 74. Holdings: 1677. Publishes the journals of Sewall, merchant, magistrate, and member of the South Church in Boston. Covers King Philip's War, the Salem witch trials, political conflicts, and everyday life. Presents Sewall's opinions on religion, dissent, slavery, the dispossession of Indians, and the fleeting nature of life. Includes annotations, Sewall's genealogy, a list of Sewall's writings, imprints for which he was responsible, and his antislavery tract The Selling of Joseph. AHR 80: 484; AJLH 19: 313-315; JAH 61: 460-62; Nation 218 (22 June 74): 790-93; WMQ 32: 348-49. 87 Tinling, Marion, ed. The Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, 1684-1776. Charlottesville: Published for the Virginia Historical Society by the University Press of Virginia, 1977. li, 859 p. ISBN 0813906695; OCLC 2797855; LC Call Number F229 .C8; Dewey 975.5/02/0922. Citations: 41. Holdings: 498. Publishes all known Byrd letters, except those by William Byrd II that are already available elsewhere. Provides biographical sketches of the three Byrds and annotations of the letters. AHR 83: 1332-33; Am Lit 50: 480-81; EAL 14: 118-19; JAH 66: 378; WMQ 37: 670-71. 88 Tishkov, V.A. OsvoboditeV noe dvizhenie v kolonial 'noi kanade. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1978. 384 pp. OCLC 5639606; LC Call Number F1032 T58; Dewey 971.02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 17. Surveys Canadian history of the period 1760-1867 from the Soviet perspective. Argues that the Confederation signaled bourgeoisie triumph over an oppressive, feudalistic colonial regime. CHR 62: 553-54. 89 Tully, Alan. William Penn's Legacy: Politics and Social Structure in Provincial Pennsylvania, 1726-1755. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. xvi, 255 p. ISBN 0801819326; OCLC 3001008; LC Call Number H31 J6 Ser. 95 no. 2; Dewey 320.9/748/02. Citations: 34. Holdings: 632. Examines the early eighteenth century in Pennsylvania, particularly politics, economics, institutions, and religion. Shows that Pennsylvania was extremely

20 Books on Early American History and Culture stable, something that reflected the goals of its settlers. Notes that the "Pennsylvania's political system kept power in the hands of the few while retaining the confidence of the many." AHR 83: 1334-35; CJH 13: 470-72; JAH 65: 1094; U 103: 663; WMQ 36: 29598. 90 Van der Zee, Barbara and Henri Van der Zee. A Sweet and Alien Land: The Story of Dutch New York. New York: Viking Press, 1978. xx, 560 p. ISBN 067068628X; OCLC 2595494; LC Call Number F122.1 .V22; Dewey 974.7/02. Citations: 0. Holdings: 693. Provides a general account of Dutch New York, covering quarrels between the colony's directors and settlers, and among New Netherlands colonists, the English and Indians, and continuing fights between Holland and England. AHR 84: 247-48; U102: 2160. 91 Van Deventer, David E. The Emergence of Provincial New Hampshire, 1623-1741. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. xviii, 302 p. ISBN 0801817307; OCLC 1818412; LC Call Number HC107.N4 V35; Dewey 330.9/742/02. Citations: 8. Holdings: 406. Studies New Hampshire from settlement through the middle of the eighteenth century. Focuses on colonists' origins and goals, the challenges of the environment, proprietary controversy, Indian wars, and boundary disagreements, along with trade and the political structure. Argues that economic development was responsible for a shift from localism to centralization and from communalism to individualism. AHR 82: 429-30; JAH 64: 413; WMQ 34: 511-512. 92 Vaughan, Alden T. and George Athan Billias, eds. Perspectives on Early American History: Essays in Honor of Richard B. Morris. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. ix, 405 p. ISBN 0060145048; OCLC 664203; LC Call Number E189.P47; Dewey 973.2 P46. Citations: 26. Holdings: 875. Publishes essays on Morris the historian, the early historians of Virginia and New England, political order in the Middle Colonies, Herbert Levi Osgood, Carl Becker, Lawrence Henry Gipson, Puritanism, historiography on the New England town, American colonial legal history, loyalists in American historiography, and the first party system. AHR 80: 481; JAH61: 154-55; WMQ31: 680-83. 93 Ver Steeg, Clarence L. Origins of a Southern Mosaic: Studies of Early Carolina and Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1975. xiii, 152 p. ISBN 0820303658; OCLC 1723473; LC Call Number F272 .V47; Dewey 975.7/02. Citations: 13. Holdings: 418. Seeks to debunk myths about the early Carolinas and Georgia. Contends that settlers jealously defended their rights as English subjects, that slaves were respected as talented ranchers and farmers, and that naval stores were more important than rice to the importation of slaves in eighteenth-century Carolinas. AHR 81: 957; JAH 63: 684-86; WMQ 34: 140-42.

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94 Wagoner, Jay J. Early Arizona: Prehistory to Civil War. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1975. xvi, 547 p. ISBN 0816503397 (hbk.); ISBN 0816505012 (pbk.); OCLC 1364295; LC Call Number F811 .W28; Dewey 979.1. Citations: 3. Holdings: 382. Provides an overview of Arizona history for a general readership. AHR 82: 173; JAH 62: 961-62. 95 Walett, Francis G., ed. The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman 1703-1782. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1974. xv, 316 p. ISBN 0912296046; OCLC 1119291; LC Call Number F74.W65 P19; Dewey 917.44/3/0320924. Citations: 11. Holdings: 375. Publishes the diary of Westborough church minister Parkman, from his college days through 1755. Records daily activities, details about preaching, farming, travels, conflict within the church, and the Great Awakening. EAL 10: 96-97\ JAH 62: 668-69. 96 Walker, Joseph E., ed. Pleasure and Business in Western Pennsylvania: The Journal of Joshua Gilpin, 1809. Harrisburg: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1975. vii, 156 p. OCLC 1960371; LC Call Number F159.P6 G54; Dewey 917.48/04/3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 125. Publishes the journal of Gilpin, a Philadelphia businessman who traveled to the Pittsburgh area to examine land. Discusses geography, the quality of land, plants and animals, society, trade, crops, and religious and ethnic groups. AHR SI: 1236-1237. 97 Wall, Robert Emmet, Jr. Massachusetts Bay: The Crucial Decade, 16401650. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1972. x, 292 p. ISBN 0300014848; OCLC 446286; LC Call Number F67 .W17; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 20. Holdings: 680. Finds that the 1640s were a particularly difficult time for Massachusetts Bay. Refers to disputes between General Court Magistrates and Deputies, difficulties with Samuel Gorton, Dr. Robert Child, and William Vassall, and Indian conflicts. Concludes that these problems set the stage for "the major tragedies of the next decade and the frustrating failures of the decade beyond." AHR 79: 570; CJH9: 237-38; JAH61: 159-60; WMQ30: 342-43. 98 Wallot, Jean-Pierre. Un Quebec qui bougeait: trame socio-politique au tournant du XIXe siecle. Quebec: Les Editions du Boreal Express, 1973. 345 pp. OCLC 979469; LC Call Number F1053 .W34; Dewey 971.4/02. Citations: 25. Holdings: 57. Discusses the historiography, politics, religion, economics, social life, and ideologies of Lower Canada in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. CHR 56: 455-56. 99 Wildes, Harry Emerson. William Penn. New York: Macmillan, 1974. ix, 469 p. ISBN 0026285703; OCLC 1114169; LC Call Number F152.2 .W46; Dewey 974.8/02/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1010.

22 Books on Early American History and Culture Presents a popular biography of Perm, emphasizing the complexities of his religious views, family background, proprietorship, and politics. Shows that Perm became more conservative and disillusioned in old age. AHR 82: 730; JAH 62: 371-72; U100: 389. 100 Wolf, Stephanie Grauman. Urban Village: Population, Community, and Family Structure in Germantown, Pennsylvania, 1683-1800. Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press, 1976. xi, 361 p. ISBN 0691046328; OCLC 2464481; LC Call Number HN80.G46 W6; Dewey 301.36/1/0974811. Citations: 60. Holdings: 571. Emphasizes ethnic and religious pluralism in Germantown and the town's development as an individualistic, socially and occupationally mobile community, with a relative lack of family and kinship ties. AHR 82: 1321; CJH 12: 280-81; JAH 64: 1083; U102: 122; WMQ 35: 173-75. 101 Wood, Jerome H., Jr. Conestoga Crossroads: Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1730-1790. Harrisburg: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1979. xi, 305 p. OCLC 5680654; LC Call Number F159.L2 W66; Dewey 974.8/15. Citations: 20. Holdings: 259. Discusses society, economy, and politics in Lancaster. Describes the town's settlement, government, inland trade, religion, and ethnic diversity. Finds that the town and surrounding region prospered in the eighteenth century as a commercial center. AHR 85: 978; JAH67: 120; WMQ37: 511-513. 102 Wright, J. Leitch. Britain and the American Frontier, 1783-1815. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1975. xii, 251 p. ISBN 0820303496; OCLC 1966245; LC Call Number E183.8.G7 W94; Dewey 327.41/073. Citations: 13. Holdings: 598. Discusses Britain's aspirations on the American western frontier after independence, particularly its goal to establish a unified, commercially oriented territory from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf Coast. Explains that Britain's efforts were influenced by American policy, Indian alliances, and European diplomacy and became a significant cause of the War of 1812. AHR 81: 1231; CJH U: 381-82; JAH63: 704-705. 103 Wright, William C , ed. Economic and Social History of Colonial New Jersey: Papers Presented at the Fifth Annual New Jersey History Symposium, December 1, 1973. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1974. 82 p. OCLC 1008341; LC Call Number HC107.N5 N43; Dewey 330.9/749/02. Citations: 0. Holdings: 100. Publishes essays on the production of iron, land riots, religion in the colony between 1689 and 1763, and the philosophical and educational ideas of Samuel Stanhope Smith. JAH 62: 107-108. 104 Young, Christine Alice. From "Good Order" to Glorious Revolution: Salem, Massachusetts, 1628-1689. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press,

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1980. vi, 263 p. ISBN 0835711013; OCLC 6603913; LC Call Number F74.S1 Y68; Dewey 974.4/5 19. Citations: 5. Holdings: 311. Discusses economic and social change in Salem over the course of the seventeenth century. Finds an increase in propertiless people after 1650 and argues that merchants were "the most significant unifying force in the town." JAH 6%: 110.

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105 Ceram, C. W. The First American: A Story of North American Archaeology. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. xxi, 357 p. ISBN 0151312508; OCLC 148450; LC Call Number E77.9 .M3713; Dewey 970.1. Citations: 6. Holdings: 2305. Studies the history of prehistoric research. Explains archaeological concepts and places North American archaeology in the context of the discipline as a whole. Discusses Thomas Jefferson's archaeological studies, but focuses mainly on the American Southwest. AHR 79: 568-69. 106 Cohen, Lester H. The Revolutionary Histories: Contemporary Narratives of the American Revolution. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1980. 286 p. ISBN 0877541779; OCLC 6043096; LC Call Number E209 .C63; Dewey 973.3/07/2. Citations: 36. Holdings: 752. Analyzes "the philosophical assumptions, ideological values, and aesthetic qualities" of the earliest historians of the Revolution, particularly John Marshall, Mercy Otis Warren, David Ramsay, and William Gordon. Finds that this generation changed the method of history writing, focusing not on Providence, but on the actions of humans. AHR 87: 529-30; Am Lit 53: 342; JAH 68: 920; WMQ 39: 383-85. 107 Cowing, Cedric B., ed. The American Revolution: Its Meaning to Asians and Americans. Honolulu: East-West Center, 1977. x, 334 p. OCLC 3624195; LC Call Number E209 .A647; Dewey 973.31. Citations: 2. Holdings: 234.

26 Books on Early American History and Culture Publishes 15 papers from a University of Hawaii symposium. Includes work from American and Asian scholars and covers politics, acquisitiveness, modernization theory, relationships of eighteenth-century Americans to Asian culture and the enduring tensions between authority and freedom. JAH 66: 381. 108 Cripe, Helen and Diane Campbell, eds. American Manuscripts, 17631815: An Index to Documents Described in Auction Records and Dealers' Catalogues. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1977. xii, 704 p. ISBN 0842021221; OCLC 3205280; LC Call Number Z1237 .C89; Dewey 016.973. Citations: 1. Holdings: 198. Indexes documents found in auctioneers' records and dealer catalogs. Arranges items chronologically and gives a description of content, the author and recipient (if known), date, and the catalog in which the item was found. Includes a bibliography of dealers' catalogs. WMQ 35: 753-55. 109 Ingram, K. E. Sources of Jamaican History, 1655-1838: A Bibliographical Survey with Particular Reference to Manuscript Sources. Zug: Inter Documentation, 1976. 2 vols. ISBN 3857500174; OCLC 2917618; LC Call Number Z1541 .153; Dewey 016.97292/03. Citations: 5. Holdings: 91. Surveys scholarly literature on early Jamaican history, as well as archival materials, county schools, and private collections. Divides material by subject, including government, religion, slavery, and business. Also covers newspapers, periodicals, and indexes. AHR 83: 305-306. 110 Kammen, Michael. A Season of Youth: The American Revolution and the Historical Imagination. New York: Knopf, 1978. xxi, 384 p. ISBN 0394496515; OCLC 3844057; LC Call Number E209 .K35; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 101. Holdings: 1204. Examines visual arts, drama, poetry and novels emphasizing Revolutionary themes from the 1770s through the 1970s, concluding that the Revolution was a key national rite of passage and the foundation of the American national tradition. AHR 84: 1144-45; Am Lit 51: 296; CJH 14: 475-77; EAL 14: 242-43; JAH 67: 909; U103: 1761; New Republic 180 (13 Jan 79): 35-36; WMQ 37: 314-318. 111 Loewenberg, Bert James. American History in American Thought: Christopher Columbus to Henry Adams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972. 731 p. ISBN 067120856X; OCLC 277981; LC Call Number E175 .L6. Dewey 973/.07/2073. Citations: 14. Holdings: 917. Examines changing ideas about historical writing in America. Discusses the ideas of Sparks, Bancroft, Parkman, Burgess, Henry Adams and Herbert Baxter Adams, as well as movements like nationalist and scientific history, graduate study at Harvard and Johns Hopkins, the idea of the frontier, and non-academic historians. Am Lit 44: 523; CHR 54: 463-65; JAH 59: 672-73.

Historiography and Public History 27 112 Miquelon, Dale. Society and Conquest: The Debate on the Bourgeoisie and Social Change in French Canada, 1700-1850. Totonto: Copp Clark, 1977. 219 p. ISBN 0773031324; OCLC 3942782; LC Call Number F1027 .S69; Dewey 971.4/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 63. Discusses the historiography of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century French Canada and provides excerpts from major works by Louis-Fran9ois-Georges Baby, Francis Parkman, and Jean Bruchesi. CHR 60: 355-57. 113 Shaffer, Arthur H. The Politics of History: Writing the History of the American Revolution, 1783-1815. Chicago: Precedent, 1975. 228 p. ISBN 0913750093; OCLC 1958616; LC Call Number E209 .S5; Dewey 973.3/07/2. Citations: 17. Holdings: 542. Examines early national histories of the Revolution by roughly 40 authors, including David Ramsay, Jeremy Belknap, Mercy Otis Warren, John Marshall, and Edmund Randolph. Contends that the main contribution of this generation of historical writers was to nationalize and secularize Puritan exceptionalism on matters of human nature, environment, and national character. AHR 81: \222-\223\ JAH63: 399-400; WMQ33: 545-47.

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3 Geography and Exploration

114 Akrigg, Helen B. British Columbia Chronicle, 1778-1846: Adventurers by Sea and Land. Vancouver: Discovery Press, 1975. xv, 429 p. ISBN 0919624022; OCLC 1962767; LC Call Number F1088 .A56; Dewey 971.1. Citations: 0. Holdings: 119. Discusses the early exploration of British Columbia by Drake, Cook, Quadra, Vancouver, Mackenzie, Fraser, Thompson, Simpson, Ogden, and Black, traders and their relations with Indians, fur company rivalries, American immigration to the Columbia River valley, the influence of John McLoughlin, and the 1846 U.S. takeover. AHR 82: 475. 115 Alexander, Edward Porter. The Journal of John Fontaine: An Irish Huguenot Son in Spain and Virginia, 1710-1719. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1972. xii, 190 p. ISBN 0910412960; OCLC 380552; LC Call Number F229 .F6615; Dewey 917.55/04/2. Citations: 9. Holdings: 318. Publishes the journal of Fontaine (b. 1693), which recounts Fontaine's experiences as a member of an expedition to the western Virginia frontier in 1716 and describes the everyday lives of the Fontaine family. Ethnohistory 19: 292-93; JAH59: 979-80; WMQ 30: 355-56. 116 Allen, John Logan. Passage Through the Garden: Lewis and Clark and the Image of the American Northwest. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975. xxvi, 412 p. ISBN 0252003977; OCLC 995121; LC Call Number F592.7 .A48; Dewey 917.8/04/20922. Citations: 29. Holdings: 921. Considers the ways in which the Lewis and Clark mapping of the Northwest radically changed widely held views of western geography. Includes 45 maps.

30 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 82: 439-40; Am Lit 49: 453; JAH 63: 113; WMQ 33: 684-86. 117 Bailey, Kenneth P. Christopher Gist: Colonial Frontiersman, Explorer, and Indian Agent. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1976. 264 p. ISBN 0208015647; OCLC 1733479; LC Call Number F229.G535 B154; Dewey 973.2/6/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 397. Examines the life of Gist, explorer of the Ohio Company of Virginia and Indian agent. Studies the exploration of the Ohio valley from the confluence near present-day Pittsburgh, down the Kanawha River through the Appalachians into the Carolinas. AHRS2: 171; JAH 63: 690-91; U101: 1519; WMQ 34: 177-78. 118 Bennett, Charles E., ed. Three Voyages. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida 1975. xxii, 232 p. ISBN 0813004233; OCLC 980230; LC Call Number F314 .L373; Dewey 917.59/1. Citations: 7. Holdings: 505. Translates accounts of Laudonniere's 1562, 1564, and 1565 voyages to Florida and the Caribbean. Includes a study of sixteenth-century Florida plants, an introduction to the voyages, and biographical material. Discusses French relations with Spaniards, the English, and Indians, as well as the discovery of gold fields. AHR 81: 954; WMQ33: 352-53. 119 Black, Jeannette D., ed. The Blathwayt Atlas: A Collection of Forty-Eight Manuscript and Printed Maps of the Seventeenth Century Relating to the British Overseas Empire in that Era, Brought Together about 1683 for the Use of the Lords of Trade and Plantations by William Blathwayt, Secretary. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1970-75. 2 vols. ISBN 0870571257 (Vol. 1); ISBN 0870571397 (Vol. 2); OCLC 126952; LC Call Number G1805 .B6. Dewey 912.1/9/71242. Citations: 13. Holdings: 163. Volume 1 reprints thirteen manuscript and 35 printed maps (1651 to 1683) used by the Lords of Trade and Plantation when advising Charles II on American colonial affairs. Volume 2 consists of commentary on the individual maps and their creators. AHR 81: 385-86; WMQ35: 159-62. 120 Bradford, Ernie Dusgate Selby. Christopher Columbus. New York: Viking Press, 1973. 288 p. ISBN 0670221562; OCLC 718567; LC Call Number El 11 .B78; Dewey 973.1/5/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 909. Publishes an illustrated general biography of Columbus. Criticizes Columbus's skills and early administration of the Indies. AHR 79: 1172. 121 Clark, Ella E. and Margot Edmonds. Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. viii, 171 p. ISBN 0520038223; OCLC 6301851; LC Call Number F592.7.S123 C55; Dewey 970.004/97. Citations: 14. Holdings: 1468.

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Describes the role of Sacagawea in the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the legends that have developed about her. Contends that the expedition would likely have been successful even without her help. X4//67:917;L/105:611. 122 Cook, Warren L. Flood Tide of Empire: Spain and the Pacific Northwest, 1543-1819. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. xiv, 620 p. ISBN 0300015771; OCLC 600312; LC Call Number F851.5 .C83; Dewey 979.5/01. Citations: 34. Holdings: 910. Examines Spain's role in the exploration and trade of the Pacific Northwest. Focuses on Spanish interactions in the area with natives, British, Russians, and Americans, contending that "Spanish alternatives, choices, successes and failures can be understood only in the context within which they acted." AHR 79: 569-70; JAH 60: 779-81. 123 Cumming, William P. British Maps of Colonial America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. xii, 114 p. ISBN 0226123626; OCLC 1070071; LC Call Number GA405.5 .C85; Dewey 526/.0941. Citations: 5. Holdings: 526. Discusses British mapping of America from its beginnings in the late sixteenth century through the end of the eighteenth century. Notes that in the South proprietors were responsible for mapping, while in the North more focus was placed on provincial and local cartographers. Contends that the mid-eighteenth century represented a turning point for mapmaking as more thoroughly trained cartographers employed better methods and tools. WMQ 32: 358-59. 124 Cutright, Paul Russell. A History of the Lewis and Clark Journals. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976. xxi, 311 p. ISBN 0806112468; OCLC 1111356; LC Call Number F592.4 .C87; Dewey 917.8/04/2. Citations: 11. Holdings: 505. Traces the publishing history of journals from the Lewis and Clark expedition, including those of subordinate members. Emphasizes the role of Jefferson in demanding, preserving, and publishing detailed records and looks at difficulties in journal keeping in the wilderness. Discusses artwork about the expedition and journal editors Nicholas Biddle, Elliott Coues, Reuben Gold Thwaites, Milo Milton Quaife, Ernest Staples Osgood, and Donald Jackson. AHR 82: 1069-70; JAH (A: 780; WMQ35: 176-78. 125 De Brahm, John Gerar William. Report of the General Survey in the Southern District of North America. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1971. Edited by Louis de Vorsey. xvi, 325 p. ISBN 087249229X; OCLC 219769; LC Call Number F272 .D4; Dewey 917.5. Citations: 14. Holdings: 364. Publishes DeBrahm's report from 1773, along with annotations and an introduction. Covers the topography, vegetation, climate, Indian demographics and languages, and European settlements in South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida.

32 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR77: 1504-1505; JAH59: 409-410. 126 Deconde, Alexander. This Affair of Louisiana. New York: Scribner, 1976. x, 325 p. ISBN 0684146878; OCLC 2164913; LC Call Number E333 .D42; Dewey 973.4/6. Citations: 21. Holdings: 957. Examines the background of the Louisiana Territory and negotiations for its acquisition. Evaluates the roles of Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe and the various reasons that France sought to sell Louisiana, including the impact of tropical diseases and Toussaint L'Overture's rebellion. Concludes that, from the American side the acquisition was "the result of a conscious expansionism." AHR 82: 1069; JAH 64: 430; U101: 2171; WMQ 34: 664-66. 127 Deloffre, Frederic and Melahat Menemencioglu, ed. Journal d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientates, 1690-1691 par Robert Challes, ecrivain du roi. Paris : Mercure de France, 1979. 654 p. OCLC 5218422; LC Call Number G490 .C45; Dewey 915.98/04/2. Citations: 5. Holdings: 140. Publishes the journal of Challes (1659-1721), which details his journey to India on board the Ecueil from February 1690 to August 1691. Includes information on food, winds, ports, interesting animals and plants, battles with English and Dutch ships, and the customs of natives. CHR 61: 218-19. 128 Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977. xxx, 533 p. ISBN 0816607826; OCLC 3488742; LC Call Number DP583 .D53; Dewey 946.902. Citations: 33. Holdings: 622. Argues that "Portuguese expansion was the result of long-trend economic and maritime developments, rather than the work of one man [Henry the Navigator]," that it "led all other nations in revealing the world to Europe," and that its "overseas administration set the model that other nations copied and modified." AHR 83: 1033-34; U102: 2158. 129 Dodge, Ernest S. Beyond the Capes: Pacific Exploration from Captain Cook to the Challenger, 1776-1877. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971. xv, 429 p. OCLC 146989; LC Call Number DU19 .D6; Dewey 919. Citations: 1. Holdings: 580. Examines European and American exploration of the Pacific through the time of the HMS Challenger's circumnavigation (1872-76). Includes explorers' views of natives, the role of economics and politics in Pacific exploration, fishing, Chinese goods, and the impact of fur and wood trade. AHR 77: 1411-1412. 130 Fisher, Raymond H. Bering's Voyages: Whither and Why. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977. xiii, 217 p. ISBN 0295955627; OCLC 3071755; LC Call Number G296.B4 F57; Dewey 910/.92/4. Citations: 19. Holdings: 437.

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Details Bering's 1728 and 1741 voyages and analyzes the possible motivations for them. Focuses on the 1725 orders of Peter the Great to explore the North Pacific, arguing that he sought to expand Russian territory into North America. Concludes that Peter "had to know exactly where northwest America was situated in relation to Siberia and how close to Russia the possessions in America of the Western imperial powers were," and that, knowing the geography he "sent Bering to find America." Finds that Bering's voyages have been misinterpreted because Peter ordered him to keep his destination secret. AHR 84: 502-503; CJH 14: 115-17; JAH 66: 120; WMQ 37: 163-64. 131 Fisher, Robin and Hugh Johnston, eds. Captain James Cook and His Times. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1979. 278 p. ISBN 0295956542; OCLC 4641566; LC Call Number G246.C7 C33; Dewey 910/.92/4 B. Citations: 19. Holdings: 453. Collects papers from a 1978 Simon Fraser University conference. Essays cover Cook's reputation, Sir Joseph Banks, Alexander Dalrymple, James Lind's experiments with citrus as a preventative to scurvy, Philip de Loutherbourg's The Apotheosis of Cook, Russian historiography on Cook, and Cook in the Nootka Sound. CHR 62: 244-45; WMQ 39: 554-57. 132 Galvin, John, ed. The First Spanish Entry into San Francisco Bay 1775: The Original Narrative, hitherto unpublished, by Fray Vicente Santa Maria and Further details by participants in the first explorations of the Bay's waters. San Francisco, Calif.: J. Howell, 1971. 130 p. OCLC 150354; LC Call Number F868.S156 S2; Dewey 979.4/6/02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 265. Includes selections from the journals of Fathers Miguel de la Campa and Vicente Santa Maria, as well as Captain Juan Manuel Ayala and the report of Jose de Cafiizares. Also gives the account of Father Juan Crespi and includes a glossary of terms, a table of measurements with English equivalents, maps, and sketches of California Indians. JAH 58: 992-93. 133 Gerhard, Peter. A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972. ix, 476 p. ISBN 0521080738; OCLC 379575; LC Call Number F1231 .G37; Dewey 911/.72. Citations: 82. Holdings: 1255. Seeks "to cast as pale, uniform light on the whole changing map of Mexico, from conquest to Independence." Covers New Spain from Tehuahtepec to the Rio Panuco and Lake Chapala, including 129 alcaldias mayores. Identifies indigenous and colonial settlements and discusses native political geography, colonial administration, ecclesiastical organization and sources. AHR 79: 914-915. 134 Gough, Barry M. Distant Dominion: Britain and the Northwest Coast of North America, 1579-1809. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980. 190 pp. ISBN 0774801131; OCLC 7977050; LC Call Number F851.5 .G68; Dewey 971.1/01. Citations: 25. Holdings: 340.

34 Books on Early American History and Culture Surveys the extension of Western power to the remote northwest Pacific coast from the voyages of Drake in the sixteenth century to those of Cook and Vancouver in the eighteenth. Emphasizes the establishment of fur trade and the importance of Asian markets in increasing international rivalry in the region. Concludes that British naval power was crucial to securing the area. AHR 86: 956-57; CHR 63: 256-57; CJH 18: 431-33. 135 Gunther, Ema. Indian Life on the Northwest Coast of North America: As Seen by the Early Explorers and Fur Traders during the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972. xiv, 277 p. ISBN 0226310884; OCLC 664017; LC Call Number E78.N78 G818; Dewey 970.4/95. Citations: 19. Holdings: 864. Examines accounts of Indians from late-eighteenth-century Spanish, Russian, and British explorers and traders. Focuses on expeditions to the Pacific Northwest and descriptions of the Nootka, Kwakiutl, Haida, Tlinkit, Bella Coola, Tsimshian, Chugach, and Aleuts. AHR 79: 571-72; Ethnohistory 19: 279-80; JAH 60: 427-28. 136 Hague, Harlan. The Road to California: The Search for a Southern Overland Route, 1540-1848. Glendale, Calif: A. H. Clark Co., 1978. 325 p. ISBN 0870621246; OCLC 4317058; LC Call Number F799 .H14; Dewey 979. Citations: 6. Holdings: 356. Describes the southern trail to California, along the present U.S.-Mexican border, over the course of three centuries. Covers the movement of explorers Cabeza de Vaca, Coronado, Juan Bautista de Anza, Francisco Garces, and Dominguez-Escalante, and the various roles of natives, the Mexican government, and American trappers, soldiers and settlers. AHRS4: 1159; JAH 66: 630. 137 Hanna, Warren L. Lost Harbor: The Controversy over Drake's California Anchorage. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. xvii, 459 p. ISBN 0520037855; OCLC 5133387; LC Call Number F851.5 .H47; Dewey 979.4/01. Citations: 14. Holdings: 418. Seeks to locate the "faire and goode Baye" to which Drake referred in June 1579 before he circumnavigated the globe. Concludes tentatively that Drake's Bay in California best fits the descriptions, but that "After four hundred years of mystery, including nearly two hundred years of controversy, we still have no solution to the Drake anchorage riddle." JAH 67: 384-85. 138 Harris, R. Cole and John Warkentin. Canada before Confederation: A Study in Historical Geography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. xiv, 338 p. ISBN 0195017919; OCLC 924251; LC Call Number HC115 .H33; Dewey 330.9/71. Citations: 42. Holdings: 613. Presents a general sketch of the early Canadian landscape, settlers' perceptions of the land, agriculture, and the development of urban, commercial, and industrial centers prior to Confederation. AHR 80: 1068-69; CHR 58: 68-70.

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139 Harrison, Lowell H. George Rogers Clark and the War in the West. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1976. x, 119 p. ISBN 0813102243; OCLC 2633445; LC Call Number E263.N84 H37; Dewey 973.3/3/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 458. Sketches the life of Clark, focusing on his work in the Ohio valley and Appalachians westward to the Mississippi. Characterizes Clark as vital to the survival of Kentucky and calls him the "Founder of the Commonwealth." JAH 64: 423. 140 Hawke, David Freeman. Those Tremendous Mountains: The Story of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. New York: Norton, 1980. xvi, 273 p. ISBN 0393013057; OCLC 5310863; LC Call Number F592.7 .H29; Dewey 917.8/04/2. Citations: 6. Holdings: 1230. Discusses the Lewis and Clark "Voyage of Discovery," including preparations, Jefferson's instructions, the friendship between the two captains, and achievements concerning geography, cartography, ethnography, and biology. U105: 508; WMQ 38: 751-53. 141 Hughes, Sarah S. Surveyors and Statesmen: Land Measuring in Colonial Virginia. Richmond, Va.: Virginia Surveyors Foundation, and the Virginia Association of Surveyors, 1979. x, 196 p. OCLC 6443878; LC Call Number TA522.V8H83; Dewey 526.9/2/09755. Citations: 11. Holdings: 173. Examines surveying techniques and surveyors in early Virginia and the impact of surveying on settlement and the colony's social structure. Notes that local surveying positions were subject to patronage and were crucial to those seeking to obtain and hold land. Finds that the status of the surveyor declined in the late seventeenth century, as appointments came from county courts. JAH70: 125; WMQ3%: 136-37. 142 Jakle, John A. Images of the Ohio Valley: A Historical Geography of Travel, 1740 to 1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. viii, 217 p. ISBN 0195022408; ISBN 0195022416; OCLC 3034346; LC Call Number F517 J28; Dewey 977/.02. Citations: 9. Holdings: 469. Examines "the early Ohio Valley landscape, not so much as it was, but more as it was thought to be" in the eyes of early travelers. Describes the travelers, ideas about wilderness, natives, and the military during the late-eighteenth- and earlynineteenth centuries. Concludes that "The Ohio Valley was considered a region of opportunity and adventure" and "was the nation's first 'West.'" AHR S3: 1092; JAH65: 454. 143 Johnson, Hildegard Binder et al, eds. This Land of Ours: The Acquisition and Disposition of the Public Domain: Papers Presented at an Indiana American Revolution Bicentennial Symposium, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, April 29 and 30, 1978. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1978. vii, 126 p. OCLC 5173144; LC Call Number HD243.I6; Dewey 333.1/0977. Citations: 4. Holdings: 303. Collects papers from a 1978 Purdue University symposium. Essays cover visual images of the land through contemporaries' perspectives, cartographers' and

36 Books on Early American History and Culture artists' techniques, the federal land office system in Indiana, the historiography of public land policy, Indian-white conflicts over land ownership and transfer through treaties, and the retention of public lands as a tool of nationalization. AHRS4: 1136. 144 Johnson, Patricia Givens. James Patton and the Appalachian Colonists. Verona, Va.: McClure Press, 1973. viii, 246 p. OCLC 799914; LC Call Number F229.P32J63; Dewey 917.55/03/20924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 188. Presents a biography of Patton, which explores the mid-eighteenth-century New River settlement in Augusta County, Virginia. Discusses the role of Germans and Irish on the Appalachian frontier and the struggle in the region between France and England. AHR 80: 715; JAH 63: 386. 145 Klinefelter, Walter. Lewis Evans and His Maps. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical Society, 1971. 65 pp. OCLC 159359; LC Call Number E162 .K6; Dewey 526/.0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 259. Presents a biography of Evans, with special focus on his later life. Examines Evans's maps of the Middle Colonies, placing them in historical context and explaining their extensive political influence. AHR 78: 152-53; WMQ 30: 366-68. 146 McManis, Douglas R. Colonial New England: A Historical Geography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. ix, 159 p. ISBN 0195019075; OCLC 1364794; LC Call Number HC107.A11 M17; Dewey 330.9/74/02. Citations: 24. Holdings: 816. Explores the effect of geography on colonial New England's settlement and demographic and economic development, especially agriculture, fishing, trade, shipbuilding, forestry, manufacturing, and communications. ZJ100: \4\4\ Econ Hist Rev 29: \S9;WMQ34: 159-60. 147 Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A.D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. xviii, 712 p. ISBN 0195013778; OCLC 3957287; LC Call Number E101 .M85; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 48. Holdings: 4461. Dismisses stories of pre-Columbian voyages by Phoenecians, the Welsh, and Irish, but gives credit to the Norse. Describes voyages of John Cabot, Verrazano, Carrier, Martin Frobisher, Sir Humfry Gilbert, and John Davis. AHR 76: 1518; Atl Month 227 (May 71): 112; CHR 53: 201-203; JAH 58: 990; WMQ 29: 167-69. 148 Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages, A.D. 1492-1616. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. xvii, 758 p. OCLC 1016819; LC Call Number E101 .M85; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 54. Holdings: 4461. Describes the exploratory voyages of Columbus, Magellan, Drake, Vespucci, and Sebastian Cabot. Portrays Columbus and Magellan very positively.

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AHR 81: 100-101; Atl Month 234 (Nov 74): 122; JAH 62: 98-99; Natl Rev 27 (11 Apr 75): 408-409; WMQ 32: 512-515. 149 Morison, Samuel Eliot. Samuel de Champlain: Father of New France. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1972. xix, 299 p. OCLC 340375; LC Call Number F1030.1 .M6; Dewey 971.01/13/0924. Citations: 4. Holdings: 1644. Presents a favorable account of Champlain, calling him "one of the greatest pioneers, explorers and colonists of all time." Focuses on Champlain's explorations of the St. Lawrence, Lake Nipissing, Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, the Bay of Fundy, and Lake Ontario, as well as his relations with Huron and Algonquin Indians. AHR7Z: 1147-48; JAH59: 976-78; WMQ31: 152-54. 150 Page, Evelyn. American Genesis: Pre-Colonial Writing in the North. Boston: Gambit, 1973. xiv, 286 p. ISBN 0876450729; OCLC 686710; LC Call Number E101 .P33; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 3. Holdings: 641. Studies writings on America from Christopher Columbus to John Smith. Covers travel accounts by sea and land, including descriptions of Martin Frobisher's third voyage, Henry Hudson's 1610 journey, and Hernando de Soto's explorations. Am Lit 46: 125; WMQ32: 151-53. 151 Parry, J.H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial Press, 1974. xv, 302 p. ISBN 080372019X; OCLC 914921; LC Call Number G80 .P37; Dewey 910/.45. Citations: 39. Holdings: 1161. Describes the history of human exploration by sea through the beginning of the sixteenth century, the design of ships, navigation, cartography, and motivations for voyages of discovery. Covers the achievements of the Chinese, Arabs, Portuguese, Basques, and Scandinavians. AHR 81: 354-55; U100: 452. 152 Pendergast, James F. and Bruce G. Trigger. Cartier's Hochelaga and the Dawson Site. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1972. xviii, 388 p. Examines connections between an Indian village discovered by Sir John W. Dawson in 1860 and a village that Jacques Carrier described in 1535 on his second North American voyage. Compares the Dawson site to other St. Lawrence Iroquois villages and discusses the origins of the Iroquois. Concludes that the Dawson site was not the same as the village described by Cartier. CHR 54: 444-45. 153 Pethick, Derek. First Approaches to the Northwest Coast. Vancouver: J. J. Douglas, 1976. xix, 232 p. OCLC 2686027; LC Call Number F851.5 .P47; Dewey 970/.00964/3. Citations: 5. Holdings: 398. Examines the exploration of the Northwest coast, especially the Nootka Sound between the 1740s and Vancouver's expeditions of 1792-94. Discusses Russian and Spanish voyages, the James Cook expeditions, the fur trade, and conflicting territorial claims. AHR 83: 796-97; JAH 65: 458.

38 Books on Early American History and Culture 154 Pethick, Derek. The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast, 1790-1795. Vancouver: Douglas & Mclntyre, 1980. 281 p. ISBN 0888942796; OCLC 7198872; LC Call Number F1089.N8 P47; Dewey 979.5. Citations: 11. Holdings: 238. Provides a year-by-year account of European and American voyages along the northwest coast at the end of the eighteenth century. Catalogs the ships and their commanders. AHR 88: 778. 155 Quinn, David Beers. England and the Discovery of America, 1481-1620: From the Bristol Voyages of the Fifteenth Century to the Pilgrim Settlement at Plymouth: The Exploration, Exploitation, and Trial-and-Error Colonization of North America by the English. New York: Knopf, 1974. xxiv, 497 p. ISBN 039446673X; OCLC 627770; LC Call Number E127 .Q49; Dewey 973.1/7. Citations: 43. Holdings: 1142. Contends that, based on the John Day letter, the "Britsol men" discovered North America before John Cabot's 1497 voyage, perhaps in the early 1480s. Discusses the lost colony of Roanoke and information the English had about America prior to permanent settlement. AHR 80: 1328; CHR 57: 510-12; JAH 61: 758-59; WMQ 31: 676-78. 156 Quinn, David Beers, ed. The Hakluyt Handbook. London: Hakluyt Society, 1974. 2 vols. ISBN 0521202124; OCLC 1184051; LC Call Number G161 .H2; Dewey 910/.9 s910/.92/4. Citations: 35. Holdings: 292. Provides maps, charts, and book lists, and a chronology of Hakluyt's life and writings. Includes essays on Hakluyt as geographer, colonization promoter, translator, and collector, as well as Hakluyt historiography. CHR 58: 89-90; WMQ 33: 168-70. 157 Quinn, David B. and Neil M. Cheshire, eds. The New Found Land of Stephen Parmenius: The Life and Writings of a Hungarian Poet, Drowned on a Voyage from Newfoundland, 1583. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972. xii, 250 p. ISBN 0802000274; OCLC 370381; LC Call Number PA8555.P34 A27; Dewey 871/.04. Citations: 8. Holdings: 230. Describes the life and work of Parmenius of Buda, who was on the Sir Humphrey Gilbert expedition of 1583 and who drowned near Sable Island, Newfoundland. Includes poems of Parmenius and annotated letters about his life. AHR 81: 421-22. 158 Sauer, Carl Ortwin. Sixteenth Century North America: The Land and the People as Seen by the Europeans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. xii, 319 p. ISBN 0520018540; OCLC 215780; LC Call Number E121 .S26; Dewey 973.1. Citations: 27. Holdings: 1041. Focuses on the Spanish, French, and English views of North America, especially geography, climate, soil, and changes to the landscape by Indians, as well as European expeditions, and settlements. AHR 77: 826; JAH 59: 122-23; WMQ 29: 660-61.

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159 Savage, Henry, Jr. Discovering America, 1700-1875. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. xvii, 394 p. ISBN 0060137827; OCLC 4835215; LC Call Number E162 .S26; Dewey 973. Citations: 13. Holdings: 1304. Examines explorers' and naturalists' accounts of discovery, with special emphasis on Lewis and Clark, Pike, the Astor groups, Fremont, Powell, and naturalists Thomas Nuttall, John James Audubon, and Alexander Wilson. AHR 85: 969-70; JAH67: 402; U104: 1562; WMQ 37: 667-70. 160 Smith, G. Hubert. The Explorations of the La Verendryes in the Northern Plains, 1738-43. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980. xvii, 160 p. ISBN 0803247125; OCLC 5613837; LC Call Number F1060.7.L392 S64; Dewey917/.04/3. Citations: 17. Holdings: 347. Recounts the expeditions of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, the Sieur de la Verendryes, and his sons to the Northern Great Plains and the Hidatsa Indians. Includes abridged translations of the La Verendryes journals. CHR 62: 226-27; CJH 16: 478-79. 161 Sprague, Marshall. So Vast, So Beautiful a Land: Louisiana and the Purchase. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1974. xix, 396 p. ISBN 0316807664; OCLC 796938; LC Call Number F352 .S75; Dewey 973.4/6. Citations: 0. Holdings: 1046. Synthesizes historical scholarship on Louisiana, from exploration through the U.S. purchase. Considers French and Spanish activities on the Mississippi and sketches the major leaders in the region. Intended for a general audience. AHR 80: 1382-83. 162 Vaughan, Thomas, ed. The Western Shore: Oregon Country Essays Honoring the American Revolution. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 1975. xii, 367 p. ISBN 0875950521; OCLC 2325260; LC Call Number F851 .W49; Dewey 979.5. Citations: 0. Holdings: 150. Presents essays about the British on the Northwest coast, Oregon geography, Indian use of natural resources prior to contact with Europeans, Spanish exploration of the Oregon coast, and Russians and Americans in the maritime fur trade. JAH 65: 459. 163 Wacker, Peter O. Land and People: A Cultural Geography of Preindustrial New Jersey: Origins and Settlement Patterns. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1975. xx, 499 p. OCLC 1339713; LC Call Number F137 .W3; Dewey 333.3/35/09749. Citations: 18. Holdings: 406. Discusses the geography, population, and crops of New Jersey, along with the Lenape, settlement, and land division. Calls New Jersey "one of the great 'laboratories' in which to seek answers to culturogeographic questions" because of its position between Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Bay. JAH63: 682-83; WMQ 34: 661-62. 164 Washburn, Wilcomb E., ed. Proceedings of the Vinland Map Conference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for the Newberry Library, 1971. xvii, 185

40 Books on Early American History and Culture p. ISBN 0226873943; OCLC 16206989; LC Call Number GA308.Z6; Dewey 912.02. Citations: 6. Holdings: 26. Publishes comment and opinions about the famed Vinland Map at Yale. Discusses its dating, creation, possible provenance, and relationship to the "Speculum" and the "Tartar Relation." AHR 80: 938-39; Atl Month 229 (Jan 72): 97; JAH 59: 397-98; WMQ 29: 64849. 165 Wilkinson, Doug. Arctic Fever: The Search for the Northwest Passage. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1971. x, 154 pp. ISBN 0772005044; OCLC 589794; LC Call Number G640 .W48; Dewey 919.8/04. Citations: 0. Holdings: 84. Discusses polar exploration in search of the Northwest Passage. Describes Eskimo prehistory, the Martin Frobisher expeditions, Hudson Bay and Barren Lands explorations, Parry's mapping of the Central Arctic, and journeys to Cambridge Bay and King William Island. CHR 55: 442-44.

4 Colonization

166 Andrews, K.R., N.P. Canny, and P.E.H. Hair, eds. The Westward Experience: English Activities in Ireland, the Atlantic, and America, 1480-1650. Liverpool : Liverpool University Press, 1978. xiv, 326 p. ISBN 853234531; OCLC 5072321; LC Call Number E127 .W47; Dewey 325.341. Citations: 116. Holdings: 348. Presents essays honoring David Beers Quinn. Articles examine English activities in the Caribbean, Ireland, and North America, noting the development of commercialism, the role of the Indian in promotional literature, the evolution of English law in Virginia, social problems in Ireland and Virginia, sixteenthcentury Gaelic nationalism, contraband tobacco trade in Trinidad and Guiana, the careers of Jacques LeMoyne and John White, religious propaganda and the Virginia Company, colonization in Massachusetts and the Caribbean, diversity in English overseas ventures, and New England's historiographical domination of the era. CHR 62: 70-71; WMQ 37: 500-502. 167 Breen, T.H. Puritans and Adventurers: Change and Persistence in Early America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. xviii, 270 p. ISBN 0195032071; OCLC 6142870; LC Call Number F67 .B83; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 66. Holdings: 1028. Publishes five essays on colonial Massachusetts and four on colonial Virginia. Emphasizes differences between the colonies based on the types of colonists who settled them, their motivations for emigration, and geographic and environmental factors. EAL 16: 2S7-SS;JSocHist 15: 719-21;LJ105: 1857; WMQ39: 534-36.

42 Books on Early American History and Culture 168 Canny, Nicholas P. The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: A Pattern Established, 1565-1576. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1976. xi, 205 p. ISBN 0064909549; OCLC 2392748; LC Call Number DA937 .C36; Dewey 941.505. Citations: 97. Holdings: 480. Describes the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland under Sir Henry Sidney and Sir Thomas Smith. Argues that Ireland established a pattern of colonization (or recolonization), labor, and promotion of settlement. AHR 82: 957-58; Hist Today 27: 476-78; WMQ 36: 123-25. 169 Earle, Carville V. The Evolution of a Tidewater Settlement System: All Hallow's Parish, Maryland, 1650-1783. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1975. x, 239 p. ISBN 0890650772; OCLC 1322912; LC Call Number HC107.M3 E25; Dewey 330.9/752/55. Citations: 36. Holdings: 349. Discusses Tidewater settlement, especially the influence of environment and tobacco prices, the population and urbanization of All Hallow's Parish, labor, plantation activities, transportation, and landholding and tenancy. Econ Hist Rev 30: 382-83; 7,4//63: 987-88; WMQ 34: 157-59. 170 Enterline, James Robert. Viking America: The Norse Crossing and their Legacy. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972. xx, 217 p. ISBN 0385025858; OCLC 11606806; LC Call Number E105 .E58; Dewey 973.13. Citations: 1. Holdings: 7. Argues that Baffin Island and Hudson Strait were likely spots of Viking colonization, not the Atlantic coast. Discusses the Vinland Map and asserts that Norse descendants lived around the Arctic Archipelago. CHR 55: 442-44. 171 Kavenagh, W. Keith, ed. Foundations of Colonial America: A Documentary History. New York, Chelsea House, 1973. 3 vols. ISBN 0835206246; OCLC 329121; LC Call Number JK49 .K38; Dewey 325/.342/0973. Citations: 7. Holdings: 1172. Collects documents on "the evolution of colonial government at all levels." Divides three volumes geographically, volume one for the Northeast, volume two for the Middle Atlantic, and volume three for the Southern colonies. Documents cover colonial charters, government structures and functions, royal proclamations and acts of Parliament, and local government. JAH60: 774-75; WMQ31: 327-30. 172 Lyon, Eugene. The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menendez de Aviles and the Spanish Conquest of 1565-1568. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1976. xi, 253 p. ISBN 0813005337; OCLC 2401756; LC Call Number F314 .L98; Dewey 975.9/01. Citations: 21. Holdings: 550. Looks at the founding of St. Augustine, Menendez's conflicts with French Huguenots, and the establishment of missions in Florida. Notes that Menendez had extensive plans for Florida and hoped to find the passage from the Chesapeake to the Pacific. Characterizes Menendez as intelligent, talented, and ambitious.

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JAH65: 418-19. 173 McDermott, John Francis, ed. Captain Philip Pittman's The Present State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1977. lxxxv, viii, 124 p. ISBN 0878700110; OCLC 2508020; LC Call Number F352 .P68; Dewey 977/.01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 780. Publishes Pittman's description of French towns from New Orleans to Cahokia and St. Louis, first published in London in 1770. Includes notes and an introduction to the Mississippi valley between 1764 and 1768 and a discussion of relations between the French and English. JAH 64: 1094-95. 174 Parry, J. H. Trade and Dominion: The European Overseas Empires in the Eighteenth Century. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971. xvii, 408 p. OCLC 186386; LC Call Number JV165 .P35; Dewey 325.3/09/033. Citations: 20. Holdings: 816. Provides an overview of European expansion into the South Atlantic, West Indies, North America, the Indian Ocean, East Indies, and China Sea. Describes colonial settlement, trade, administration, and imperial wars, and tensions among mother countries. AHR 78: 69-70. 175 Pohl, Frederick J. The Viking Settlements of North America. New York: C. N. Potter, 1972. xii, 339 pp. OCLC 286336; LC Call Number E105 .P66; Dewey 973.1/3. Citations: 2. Holdings: 879. Contends that Leif Eriksson's Vinland is located at Follins Pond in Massachusetts. Notes that Viking accounts match the geography of the Barnstable Peninsula and that artifacts unearthed nearby are of Norse origin. AHR 79: 1247-48; JAH 59: 675-76; WMQ 29: 665-66. 176 Quinn, David B., ed. New American World: A Documentary History of North America to 1612. 5 vols. New York: Arno Press, 1979. ISBN 0405107595; OCLC 3362188; LC Call Number E101 .N47; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 54. Holdings: 564. Volume 1 covers the early exploration of North America, Volume 2 the Spanish exploration of eastern North America and the conflict in Florida between the French and Spanish, Volume 3 English plans for North America, the Roanoke voyages, and New England ventures, Volume 4 Newfoundland and searches for the Northwest Passage, and Volume 5 settlement extension in Florida, Virginia, and the Spanish Southwest. AHR 87: 244-46; U104: 1685; WMQ 37: 497-500. 177 Quinn, David B. North America from Earliest Discovery to First Settlements: The Norse Voyages to 1612. New York: Harper & Row, 1977. xvii, 621 pp. ISBN 0060134585; OCLC 2464494; LC Call Number E101 .Q48; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 29. Holdings: 1464.

44 Books on Early American History and Culture Surveys voyages to North America and the Continent's economic exploitation and colonization. Discusses interactions with Indians, fishing, fur trade, geography, and politics. AHR 83: 261-62; JAH65: 415; U102: 105; WMQ 36: 474-75. 178 Roget, Jacques Petitjean. Histoire de Visle de Grenade en Amerique: 1649-1659. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal, 1975. 230 p. ISBN 0840502702; OCLC 1687977; LC Call Number F2056 .H57; Dewey 972.98. Citations: 0. Holdings: 88. Explores French colonization of Grenada, publishing the account of Father Benigne Bresson. JAH 63: 377-78. 179 Savelle, Max. Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713-1824. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974. xxi, 335 p. ISBN 0816607095; OCLC 1093826; LC Call Number E18 .S33; Dewey 325.73. Citations: 3. Holdings: 646. Integrates the history of European expansion in the Western Hemisphere, from the Treaty of Utrecht to general withdrawal of European powers. Compares settlement, mercantilism, society, Enlightenment, and ideas on independence among the British, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Portuguese in the Americas. Concludes that economics and the ideology of revolution are unifying themes in the Americas through the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. AHR 81: 358-59; JAH 62: 966-67; WMQ 32: 346-48. 180 Sears, Joan Niles. The First One Hundred Years of Town Planning in Georgia. Atlanta: Cherokee Publishing, 1979. xiii, 220 p. ISBN 0877970467; OCLC 5334775; LC Call Number HT123.5.G4 S4; Dewey 309.2/62/09758. Citations: 7. Holdings: 137. Examines extant Georgia town plans from the colonial era (1735-1776), the headlight period (1777-1802), and the lottery and cession period (1802-1835), and provides a narrative history of urban planning. AHR 85: 719; WMQ 38: 746-47. 181 Spalding, Phinizy. Oglethorpe in America. Chicago, 111.: University of Chicago Press, 1977. xi, 207 pp. ISBN 0226768465; OCLC 2372461; LC Call Number F289. 0367; Dewey 975.8/02/0924 B; Dewey 975.802 S739o. Citations: 7. Holdings: 848. Views Oglethorpe as vain and ambitious. Emphasizes his good relations with the Indians and 1742 defeat of the Spanish as major triumphs. Concludes that he was not very successful as an administrator. AHR 83: 267-68; U 102: 912; WMQ 35: 765-67. 182 Taylor, Paul S. Georgia Plan: 1732-1752. Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, 1971. xviii, 322 p. OCLC 212107; LC Call Number F289 .T37; Dewey 320.9/758/02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 127.

Colonization

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Explains that the Trustees' plan for Georgia was to emphasize small working farms without servants or slaves and rely on public financing. Finds that there was strong early disagreement about this model, though, as many wanted to emulate the West Indies. Concludes that the original plan worked well for more than a decade, when "the search for private gain" won out. AHR 77: 1498-99; WMQ 29: 649-52. 183 Trudel, Marcel. The Beginnings of New France, 1524-1663. Translated by Patricia Claxton. Toronto: McCLelland and Stewart, 1973. xii, 323 pp. ISBN 0771086105; OCLC 829679; LC Call Number F1030 .T8313; Dewey 971.01/1. Citations: 16. Holdings: 286. Studies exploration, settlement, development, economy, religion, natives, and society of New France. CHR 56: 61-62. 184 Trudel, Marcel. La Population du Canada en 1663. Montreal: Fides, 1973. xl, 368 pp. OCLC 1678867; LC Call Number F1030 .T86; Dewey 301.32/9/7101. Citations: 11. Holdings: 39. Analyzes the 3,035 inhabitants of Canada in 1663 by geographical distribution, age, sex, marital status, origins, and trade. Finds that most were immigrants from the western French provinces, young, male, and literate. CHR 56: 62-63. 185 Trudel, Marcel. Le Terrier du Saint-Laurent en 1663. Ottawa: Editions de l'Universite d'Ottawa, 1973. xlvi, 618 pp. ISBN 0776640860; OCLC 1036208; LC Call Number HD319.S24 T78; Dewey 333.3/232/09714. Citations: 2. Holdings: 54. Describes all land plots in Canada through June 1663. Suggests that there may have been more land speculation than occupation. CHR 56: 62-63. 186 Vaughan, Alden T. American Genesis: Captain John Smith and the Founding of Virginia. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1975. ix, 207 p. OCLC 1199143; LC Call Number F229 .S7495; Dewey 975.5/01/0924 B. Citations: 11. Holdings: 1469. Describes the origins of Virginia and Smith's part in it. Considers the beginnings of slavery, Indian-English relations, and the role of women. Notes that Smith was "a hard-working, hard-fighting soldier who cared deeply about his nation's expansion into the forests of America" and that he recorded "its progress as faithfully as he could." EAL 10: 314; JAH62: 366-67;U100: 581; WMQ32: 635-37. 187 Weddle, Robert S. Wilderness Manhunt: The Spanish Search for La Salle. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973. xiv, 291 p. ISBN 0292790007; OCLC 514463; LC Call Number F352 .W42; Dewey 973.1/6. Citations: 8. Holdings: 556. Examines the Spanish reaction to the 1685 LaSalle colonization expedition. Identifies explorer settlements and camps, and sketches the roles of Jean Gery,

46 Books on Early American History and Culture the Talon children, Jean L'Archeveque, Alonso de Leon Andres de Arriola and others. JAH 61: 455-56. 188 Wells, Robert V. The Population of the British Colonies in America before 1776: A Survey of Census Data. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. xii, 342 p. ISBN 0691046166; OCLC 1218553; LC Call Number HB3501 .W45; Dewey 301.32/9/73. Citations: 63. Holdings: 848. Synthesizes the information contained in all known censuses of 21 colonies in British North America between 1623 and 1775. Describes settlement patterns, demographics, regional similarities and differences, and household size and composition. AHR 82: 428-29; Econ Hist Rev 30: 383-84; JAH 64: 128; J Econ Lit 14: 129899; JSoc Hist 10: 384-85; WMQ 34: 337-38.

5 Maritime History

189 Caruthers, J. Wade. American Pacific Ocean Trade: Its Impact on Foreign Policy and Continental Expansion, 1784-1860. New York: Exposition Press, 1973. viii, 231 p. ISBN 0682477117; OCLC 814607; LC Call Number HF3043 .C35; Dewey 382/.0973/05. Citations: 0. Holdings: 159. Seeks "to summarize and interpret the main Pacific Ocean influences upon American development." Discusses early maritime activity, the Northwest coast, the influence of China on American policy, frontier California, and Hawaii and Japan. AHR 80: 1387; JAH 61: 1098. 190 Crowhurst, Patrick. The Defence of British Trade, 1689-1815. Folkestone, UK: Dawson, 1977. 281 p. ISBN 0712906991; OCLC 3660790; LC Call Number HF3506.C76; Dewey 382/.0941. Citations: 15. Holdings: 186. Discusses institutional efforts to protect trade against pirates and privateers. Focuses on the dangers posed by St. Malo, Bayonne, and Dunkirk privateers, the organization of conveys in the 1690s, the role of insurance concerns like Lloyd's, and various trade routes to America and East India. AHR 83: 1006; Econ Hist Rev 32: 420-21. 191 Goldenberg, Joseph A. Shipbuilding in Colonial America. Charlottesville: Published for the Mariners Museum, Newport News, Virginia, by the University Press of Virginia, 1976. xiii, 306 p. ISBN 0813905885; OCLC 1137977; LC Call Number VM23.G64; Dewey 623.82/03. Citations: 15. Holdings: 595. Studies the development of the shipbuilding industry, its financing, technical aspects, labor, and geographical distribution. Argues that the early colonial industry grew out of necessity, but expanded in the early eighteenth century due to war-induced demand and because it was much cheaper to build a ship in the

48 Books on Early American History and Culture colonies than it was in England. Notes that, by the Revolution, "at least a third of the British merchant fleet was American-built." AHR 81: 1213-14; JAH63: 988-89; WMQ34: 175-76. 192 Gwyn, Julian, ed. The Royal Navy and North America: The Warren Papers, 1736-1752. London: Navy Records Society, 1973. xiv, 463 p. ISBN 0853540713; OCLC 2577845; LC Call Number E198 .W37; Dewey 970/.03. Citations: 14. Holdings: 140. Collects papers of Peter Warren in North America prior to the War of Austrian Succession. Includes 349 documents on his early naval career (1730-1745), the siege of Louisbourg (1745), Warren's governship of Louisbourg (1745-46), the plan to conquer Canada (1746), and papers about America after Warren returned to England (1747-52). CHR 58: 492-94; JAH 64: 123. 193 Jackman, S.W., ed. The Journal of William Sturgis. Victoria: Sono Nis Press, 1978. 136 p. ISBN 0919462545; OCLC 4116918; LC Call Number F851.5.S88; Dewey 971.1/3/02. Citations: 5. Holdings: 125. Publishes the journal of Sturgis, a Bostonian involved in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century fur trade in the Pacific Northwest and China. Describes his voyages around the world, observations of Indians and the ins and outs of the maritime fur trade. CHR 61: 223-24. 194 Labaree, Benjamin W., ed. The Atlantic World of Robert G. Albion. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1975. vii, 263 p. OCLC 1848958; LC Call Number VK18 .A8; Dewey 909/.09/6308. Citations: 1. Holdings: 307. Presents essays on maritime history in the age of Albion, the medieval background of American Atlantic maritime development, fishing under sail in the North Atlantic, seafaring and the emergence of American science, early transatlantic steam travel, the American Merchant Marine as an expression of foreign policy, and the British strategic inheritance in American naval policy, 1775-1975. JAH 63: 678-80. 195 Lee, Robert E. Blackbeard the Pirate: A Reappraisal of His Life and Times. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J. F. Blair, 1974. viii, 264 p. ISBN 0910244774; OCLC 1210705; LC Call Number F257.T422 L43; Dewey 364.1/35 B. Citations: 4. Holdings: 521. Presents a favorable portrait of Blackbeard, who became notorious as a pirate in 1717 around Virginia and North Carolina. AHR 81: 652; JAH 62: 669-70. 196 Lower, Arthur R. M. Great Britain's Woodyard: British America and the Timber Trade, 1763-1867. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1973. xiv, 271 p. ISBN 0773500960; OCLC 627894; LC Call Number HD9761.5 .L65; Dewey 380.1/45/6740942. Citations: 22. Holdings: 362.

Maritime History

49

Describes the British market for wood, its supply from the Baltic, the effect of duties and war on supply, and the shift to American producers. Discusses labor in the timber industry and wood's processing and shipping. AHR79: 570-71; CHR 56: 68-69; Econ HistRev 27: 510-511. 197 Mathieu, Jacques. La Construction navale royale a Quebec, 1739-1759. Quebec: La Societe historique de Quebec, 1971. xvi, 110 p. OCLC 1172618; LC Call Number F1051 .S675 no. 23; Dewey 623.809. Citations: 5. Holdings: 33. Discusses New France naval construction and its role in the region's economic development. Examines the establishment of a shipyard at Quebec, the supply of timber for shipbuilding, and labor issues. Considers the special contribution of Gilles Hocquart and argues that the decision to build ships arose from a poor harvest and economy in 1737 and the threat of war with England. CHR 55: 81-82. 198 McKee, Christopher. Edward Preble: A Naval Biography, 1761-1807. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1972. x, 394 p. ISBN 0870215256; OCLC 549416; LC Call Number E335.P78 M32; Dewey 359.3/31/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 458. Discusses Preble's service in the Massachusetts navy during the Revolution, work in shipping and the maritime trades, service in the U.S. Navy, command of the frigate Essex and of a squadron in the Barbary wars, and his career supervising gunboat construction. AHR79: 1256-57'; JAH60: 785-87; WMQ31: 159-60. 199 Peterson, Mendel. The Funnel of Gold. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1975. xi, 481 p. ISBN 0316703001; OCLC 1527590; LC Call Number F2161 .P5; Dewey 972.9. Citations: 3. Holdings: 742. Studies the channels of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Florida Strait, waterways through which Europeans shipped gold and other precious cargo. Covers the area from Columbus through the mid-eighteenth century and discusses piracy, shipwrecks, storms, battles, trade routes, and maritime commerce. AHR SI: 1009-1010; U100: 2323. 200 Smith, Philip Chadwick Foster. Captain Samuel Tucker (1747-1833), Continental Navy. Salem, Mass.: Essex Institute, 1976. xv, 115 p. ISBN 0883890585; OCLC 2616046; LC Call Number E207.T8 S6; Dewey 359.3/32/0924 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 69. Describes the life of Tucker, merchant captain from Marblehead, Massachusetts and captain of the schooner Franklin. Discusses his role in the evacuation of Boston, and his seizure of British ships, commission in the Continental navy, defense of Charleston, and success as a privateer. JAH 64: 419. 201 Smith, Philip Chadwick Foster, ed. The Journals of Ashley Bowen (17281813) of Marblehead. Salem, Mass.: Peabody Museum of Salem in cooperation

50 Books on Early American History and Culture with The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1973. xxiv, 737 p. ISBN 0875770436; OCLC 1072787; LC Call Number F61 .C71; Dewey 015/.744/61; Dewey 917.44/5. Citations: 2. Holdings: 178. Publishes journals of Bowen from 1759 to 1795, which consist of nearly daily entries between 1766 and 1777. Includes material on trade, fishing, whaling, and privateering, service in the Royal Navy, and life as a ship's rigger. JAH 61: 464-65. 202 Stackpole, Edouard A. Whales & Destiny: The Rivalry between America, France, and Britain for Control of the Southern Whale Fishery, 1785-1825. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1972. xii, 427 p. OCLC 572074; LC Call Number SH383 .S7; Dewey 338.3/72/95. Citations: 8. Holdings: 371. Focuses on Nantucket whalers and their service of American, British, and French interests. Stresses the extraordinary influence that Nantucket whalers had over this extremely lucrative industry. AHR 79: 4S7-SS; JAH 60: 1105-1106; WMQ 30: 676-78.

6 Native Americans

203 Cook, S.F. The Indian Population of New England in the Seventeenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. vii, 91 p. ISBN 0520095537; OCLC 2633437; LC Call Number E78.N5 C67; Dewey 301.45/19/7074. Citations: 4. Holdings: 319. Provides a short demographic analysis of early New England natives. Argues that there were twice as many Indians in the region at the time of English colonization than has previously been supposed. WMQ 35: 586-88. 204 Denevan, William M., ed. The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. xxii, 353 p. ISBN 0299070506; OCLC 2705126; LC Call Number E59.P75 N37; Dewey 301.32. Citations: 204. Holdings: 1315. Presents essays on the debate over native population at the time of European contact for Hispaniola, Amazonia, Nicaragua, and North America. Critiques various estimates for Central Mexico and the methodologies for estimating native populations. Am Ant 44: 182-84; AHR 82: 1370-71. 205 Donnelly, Joseph P. Jean de Brebeuf 1593-1649. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1975. xii, 346 p. ISBN 0829402330; OCLC 1230643; LC Call Number E99.H9 B743; Dewey 282/.092/4 B. Citations: 2. Holdings: 284. Presents a biography of Brebeuf, examining especially the Jesuit missions and the Five Nations War against the Huron. AHRS2: 1101-1102.

52 Books on Early American History and Culture 206 Donnelly, Joseph P. Pierre Gibault, Missionary, 1737-1802. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1971. viii, 199 p. ISBN 0829402039; OCLC 214149; LC Call Number F597.G42 D6; Dewey 973.33/4/0924 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 346. Presents a biography of Gibault, focusing on his assistance to George Rogers Clark in the occupation of Vincennes (1778), his influence in the Ohio valley, and his work as a priest at Kaskaskai, Illinois, and as a missionary in the West. JAH 59: 399-400. 207 Fenton, William N. and Elizabeth L. Moore, eds. Customs of the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times by Father Joseph Francois Lafitau. 2 vols. Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1974-77. OCLC 1903593; LC Call Number E58 .L1613; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 52. Holdings: 452. Publishes Lafitau's observations on Iroquois institutions (1724), society, and behavior. Describes Iroquois matriarchy and matriliny, system of kinship, and politics. Observes that the Iroquois were similar in many ways to the ancient Greeks and Romans. CHR 60: 489-90. 208 Fisher, Robin. Contact and Conflict: Indian-European Relations in British Columbia, 1774-1890. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1977. xvi, 250 p. ISBN 0774800658; OCLC 2925629; LC Call Number E78.B9 F57; Dewey 301.45/19/709711. Citations: 84. Holdings: 482. Applies Ralph Linton's model of culture change to Indian-white relations in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British Columbia. Finds that prior to the early 1850s native culture change was nondirected (voluntary) and that Indians borrowed from Europeans selectively, but that Europeans were more coercive after that time. AHR 83: 563-64; CHR 59: 496-98. 209 Gagnon, Francois-Marc. La conversion par I'image: Un aspect de la mission des jesites aupres des indiens du Canada au XVII siecle. Montreal: Bellarmin, 1975. 141 p. ISBN 0885022092; OCLC 2122653; LC Call Number E78.C2 G34; Dewey 269/.2/0971. Citations: 20. Holdings: 58. Studies the Jesuit use of religious art in Indian conversion efforts. Notes that Indians were fascinated by the realistic imagery and that Jesuits saw the art as effective in forwarding their eschatological message, which led Indians to imbue the religious artwork with the power to kill. AHR 82: 776; CHR 58: 486-87. 210 Gibb, Sandra and N. Jaye Fredrickson. The Covenant Chain: Indian Ceremonial and Trade Silver. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1980. 168 p. ISBN 0660103478; OCLC 8430393; LC Call Number E98.S55; Dewey 739.2/3/074011. Citations: 4. Holdings: 245. Presents an exhibition catalog on Indian silver between 1760 and 1821. Contains descriptions and photographs of more than 200 silver coins and

Native Americans

53

ornaments. Includes an introduction on the importance of trade silver in the fur trade. CHR 63: 248-49. 211 Gibson, Susan G., ed. Burr's Hill: A 17th-Century Wampanoag Burial Ground in Warren, Rhode Island. Providence, R.I.: Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, 1980. 182 p. OCLC 7552830; LC Call Number F89.W19; Dewey 974.5/5. Citations: 8. Holdings: 91. Describes the Wampanoag cemetery, focusing on articles interred with the decreased, the impact of European items on the Wampanoags (including wine bottles and metal spoons and ornaments), and bone, stone, antler, firearm, ceramic, fabric, and bead artifacts. Am Ant 47: 249-50. 212 Goodwin, Gary C. Cherokees in Transition: A Study of Changing Culture and Environment Prior to 1775. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1977. ix, 207 p. ISBN 0890650888; OCLC 3072738; LC Call Number E99.C5 G663; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 3. Holdings: 367. Explains how natural forces influenced Cherokee cultural patterns prior to the American Revolution. Considers environment, settlement, plants, animal habitats, and changing settlement over time. JAH 65: 421; WMQ 36: 320-21. 213 Graymont, Barbara. The Iroquois in the American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972. x, 359 p. ISBN 0815600836; OCLC 194977; LC Call Number E99.I7 G67; Dewey 973.3/43. Citations: 42. Holdings: 1302. Provides background on Iroquois culture and the impact of European contact. Describes Iroquois diplomacy and participation in the Revolution and criticizes both the American and British for not honoring Iroquois pledges of neutrality. Concludes that "the power of the Iroquois was never broken until the end of the war when the British abandoned the Indians and turned their country over to their enemies the Americans." AHR 78: 4 8 0 - 8 1 ; ^ / / 5 9 : 686-87; WMQ29: 652-53. 214 Hamilton, Milton W. Sir William Johnson: Colonial American, 17151763. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976. xiv, 402 p. ISBN 0804691347; OCLC 2151089; LC Call Number E195 J664; Dewey 973.2/6/0924 B. Citations: 9. Holdings: 437. Concentrates on Johnson's finances and role in the French and Indian War. Argues that Johnson "did not despise the Indian's customs," but rather dealt fairly with and respected the Mohawks. AHR 82: 432, JAH 64: 123-24; WMQ 34: 339-41. 215 Hanke, Lewis. All Mankind Is One: A Study of the Disputation between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda in 1550 on the Intellectual and Religious Capacity of the American Indians. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1974. xvi, 205 p. ISBN 0875800432; OCLC 841323;

54 Books on Early American History and Culture LC Call Number F1411 .H32; Dewey 301.45/19/7. Citations: 42. Holdings: 627. Analyzes De Las Casas's In Defense of the Indians and places it in the context of the debate with Juan Gines de Sepulveda. AHR %\: 473. 216 Hanson, Lee H. The Buffalo Site: A Late 17th-Century Indian Village Site (46 Pu 31) in Putnam County, West Virginia. Morgantown: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, 1975. vii, 110 p. OCLC 2009499; LC Call Number E78.W6; Dewey 975.4/35. Citations: 2. Holdings: 55. Presents findings on the Buffalo Site, a part of the Fort Ancient culture located on the Kanawha River. Notes that the site is unique in its detailed village plan, house designs, and burial grounds. Am Ant 42: 298-99. 217 Hauptman, Laurence M. and Jack Campisi, eds. Neighbors and Intruders: An Ethnohistorical Exploration of the Indians of Hudson's River. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1978. vii, 285 p. OCLC 5726896; LC Call Number E78.H83; Dewey 974.7/3/00497. Citations: 6. Holdings: 94. Publishes fourteen papers covering Hudson valley prehistory, Delaware and Hudson valley Indians, Iroquois place names in the Lake Champlain valley, Dutch-Indian communication in early New Netherlands, experiences and attitudes of Dutch fur traders, explorers, and settlers, the Revolutionary War in the Hudson valley, and Indian dispossession on the Hudson. CHR 61: 365-67. 218 Heard, J. Norman. White into Red: A Study of the Assimilation of White Persons Captured by Indians. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973. ix, 180 p. ISBN 0810805812; OCLC 524262; LC Call Number E85 .H38; Dewey 301.24/1. Citations: 18. Holdings: 450. Examines narratives of whites captured by Indians and explores why some preferred death to captivity, while others assimilated. Argues that family, upbringing, religion, national origins, and length of time in captivity were insignificant factors. Concludes that age of the captive was most important and that individuals under age 12 assimilated most readily. JAH60: 1108-1109. 219 Heidenreich, Conrad. Huronia: A History and Geography of the Huron Indians, 1600-1650. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971. 337 p. ISBN 0771040768; OCLC 880431; LC Call Number E99.H9; Dewey 970.3. Citations: 55. Holdings: 205. Studies Huron life, geography, settlement, tribal organization, population, agriculture, economy and trade in the early seventeenth century. Contends that Huron use of the land and environment was more complex than has been realized. CHR 55: 444-45.

Native Americans

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220 Horowitz, David. The First Frontier: The Indian Wars and America's Origins, 1607-1776. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978. 251 p. ISBN 0671225340; OCLC 4194194; LC Call Number E82 .H84; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 839. Covers a narrative of Indian-European relations in America through independence. Covers European contact, conflicts, and imperial wars. AHR 85: 457; U104: 189-90. 221 Jacobs, Wilbur R. Dispossessing the American Indian: Indians and Whites on the Colonial Frontier. New York: Scribner, 1972. xiv, 240 p. ISBN 0684128608 (hbk.); ISBN 0684128594 (pbk.); OCLC 329091; LC Call Number E91 J17D6; Dewey 970.5. Citations: 32. Holdings: 2087. Collects thirteen essays on Indian-white relations focusing on native views of nature, intertribal relationships, and Indian military actions on the frontier. Argues that whites disrupted the Indian way of life, exploited them in trade, and cheated them out of their lands through treaties and ineffective imperial policies. JAH 59: 684-85; WMQ 30: 179-81. 222 Jaenen, Cornelius J. Friend and Foe: Aspects of French-Amerindian Cultural Contact in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. 207 p. ISBN 0231040881; OCLC 1976120; LC Call Number E92 J33; Dewey 323.1/197/071. Citations: 54. Holdings: 698. Deals with contact between the French and the Indians in Canada. Covers missionaries and the impact of Indian culture on European settlers, French understanding of nature religion, and Indian government, child-rearing, and alcohol consumption. AHR 82: 474-75; JAH 64: 408; WMQ 35: 175-76. 223 Jennings, Francis. The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 1975. xvii, 369 p. ISBN 0807812455; OCLC 1176061; LC Call Number F7 J46; Dewey 974/.02. Citations: 260. Holdings: 1623. Asserts that European colonization amounted to an invasion of Indian territory, a fact that has been hidden by myths that dehumanized natives and exaggerated differences between Europeans and natives. Concludes that Indians were generally peaceful, efficient land users and have given a great deal to American culture. AHR 82: 168-69; Ethnohistory 23: 82-84; JAH 63: 378-79; U 100: 2143; WMQ 34:312-314. 224 John, Elizabeth A. H. Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975. xvi, 805 p. ISBN 0890960003; OCLC 1322881; LC Call Number E78.S7 J64; Dewey 978/.004/97. Citations: 75. Holdings: 1315.

56 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines Spanish-Indian relations in Texas and New Mexico across the initial two and a half centuries of European settlement. Focuses on Apache, Navajo, Ute, Pueblo, Caddo, and Comanche Indians and Spanish territorial administration. AHR 81: 1220; JAH 63: 376-77. 225 Johnson, Elden, ed. Aspects of Upper Great Lakes Anthropology: Papers in Honor of Lloyd A. Wilford. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1974. x, 190 p. ISBN 0873510879; OCLC 1031260; LC Call Number E78.G7 A86; Dewey 970.4/7. Citations: 0. Holdings: 159. Presents fifteen papers covering the prehistoric humans of the Great Lakes region, mound building cultures of Minnesota and the Northeastern Plains, archaeological surveys in Wisconsin and Iowa, archaeology sites in northern Minnesota and southern Manitoba, the Cambia site in southwest Minnesota, the Oneota and the Effigy Mound, Mississippi cultures, Huron Island, and the Island of the Poutouatamis, and LeSueur and the Dakota Sioux. Am Ant 41: 248-49. 226 King, Duane H., ed. The Cherokee Indian Nation: A Troubled History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. xix, 256 pp. ISBN 0870492276; OCLC 4194151; LC Call Number E99 .C5 C414; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 23. Holdings: 1090. Presents the essays of twelve scholars on Cherokee history. Articles discuss prehistory, law, and government before 1828, slavery, factionalism after removal, locations of Cherokee towns, and William A. Bowles, a white man who posed as a Cherokee in Europe during the French Revolutionary era. AHR 84: 1473-74; U 104: 490. 227 Klinck, Carl F. and James J. Talman, eds. The Journal of Major John Norton, 1809-16. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1971. cxxiv, 391 pp. OCLC 281457; LC Call Number E99.I69; Dewey 970.3. Citations: 14. Holdings: 163. Publishes the journals of Norton, confidant of Joseph Brant and prominent player in the Six Nations Confederacy in Upper Canada. Covers his observations of Indian territory, governance, religious ceremonies, languages, intertribal relations, and relationships with whites, along with recollections of the War of 1812. CHR 53: 324-25. 228 Kraft, Herbert C , ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1974. vii, 160 p. OCLC 2072666; LC Call Number E99.D2; Dewey 974.8/004/97. Citations: 6. Holdings: 212. Presents papers from a May 1972 symposium at Seton Hall. Essays cover prehistoric New Jersey Indians, European-native seventeenth- and eighteenthcentury trade, the Delaware Indians in the Covenant Chain, and Delaware language, social organization, and name giving. Am Ant 41: 245-48; AHR 81: 950-51; Ethnohistory 22: 86-88.

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229 Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Settling with the Indians: The Meeting of English and Indian Cultures in America, 1580-1640. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1980. x, 224 p. ISBN 0847662101; OCLC 5219644; LC Call Number E58 .K86; Dewey 970/.02. Citations: 74. Holdings: 514. Discusses English descriptions of Indians, the clash of the cultures, and Indian religious beliefs and practices. Argues that "neither savagery nor race was the important category for Englishmen looking at Indians," but rather colonists "assumed that Indians were racially similar to themselves and that savagery was a temporary condition which the Indians would quickly lose." Finds that the English adopted racist views toward the middle of the seventeenth century when they abandoned the goal of Indian assimilation and began to view them as permanently different. AHR 86: 641-42; Ethnohistory 30: 182-83; JAH 67: 896; WMQ 38: 308-309. 230 Martin, Calvin. Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. xi, 226 p. ISBN 0520035194; OCLC 5841855; LC Call Number E78.C2 M33; Dewey 971/.004/97. Citations: 104. Holdings: 932. Examines the hunting-gathering tribes of eastern Canada, mainly the Ojibwa and Micmac. Argues that increases in hunting and trapping were not due to Indians' desires to trade with Europeans for luxury goods, but rather may be explained as an outgrowth of a shaken belief system brought on by epidemics. Contends that Indians saw European-borne disease and death as punishment from the animal spirits and as the breaking of the spiritual balance between humans and animals. AHR 84: 537-38; CHR 60: 351-53; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 347-54; Ethnohistory 27: 193-94; JAH 66: 110;L/103: 1429-30; WMQ 36: 317-20. 231 McNitt, Frank. Navajo Wars: Military Campaigns, Slave Raids, and Reprisals. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1972. xii, 477 p. ISBN 0826302467; OCLC 572168; LC Call Number E99.N3 M32; Dewey 978.9. Citations: 22. Holdings: 834. Studies Navajo warfare against Spaniards, Mexicans, and Americans from the seventeenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries. Examines Spanish and Mexican enslavement of Navajos and the religious justification for the practice, as well as Navajo reprisals. Describes the American conquest of the Navajo in the 1860s. JAH 60: 783-84. 232 O'Donnell, James H. Southern Indians in the American Revolution. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1973. xii, 171 pp. ISBN 0870491318; OCLC 708497; LC Call Number E83.775 .036; Dewey 973.3/15/97. Citations: 5. Holdings: 679. Describes the role of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Indians in the American Revolution. Finds that Indians mainly sought to defend their land and trade interests and saw the American rebels as a bigger threat to their way of life than were the British. AHR%0: 719; JAH61: 767-68; WMQ3X: 509-510.

58 Books on Early American History and Culture 233 Parker, John, ed. The Journals of Jonathan Carver and Related Documents, 1766-1770. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1976. x, 244 p. ISBN 0873510992; OCLC 2035064; LC Call Number F597 .C32; Dewey 917.7/04/10924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 344. Publishes the journals of Carver with notes and an introduction, along with the journal of James Stanley Goddard. Covers descriptions of the Menominees, Sacs, Foxes, Winnebagos, Ojibwas, and eastern Dakotas. JAH 64: 125. 234 Peters, Virginia Bergman. The Florida Wars. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1979. 331 p. ISBN 0208017194; OCLC 4135506; LC Call Number E83.817.P46; Dewey 973.5. Citations: 7. Holdings: 637. Describes the efforts of the U.S. government to remove the Seminoles from Florida in the early nineteenth century. Stresses that the war was expensive in terms of treasure, lives, and American military prestige. AHR 85: 209-210; JAH66: 923; U104: 190. 235 Pilkington, Walter, ed. The Journals of Samuel Kirkland: 18th-century Missionary to the Iroquois, Government Agent, Father of Hamilton College. Clinton, N.Y.: Hamilton College, 1980. xviii, 459 p. OCLC 6405133; LC Call Number E99.I7K57; Dewey 974.7/03/0924 B 19. Citations: 18. Holdings: 182. Publishes the journals of Kirkland which covers his work as a missionary, preacher, educator, and agent. CHR 63: 251; WMQ 38: 742-44. 236 Porter, H. C. The Inconstant Savage: England and the North American Indian, 1500-1660. London: Duckworth, 1979. xix, 588 p. ISBN 0715609688; OCLC 4737012; LC Call Number E91 .P67; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 40. Holdings: 270. Seeks "to present descriptions of the Indians and of Virginia by Tudor and Stuart observers, and to illustrate English thinking about Indians." Draws from literature, including the works of Shakespeare, Donne, Dryden, and Defoe, and notes the importance of religious works. AHR 86: 912-913; Am Lit 52: 330; CHR 61: 368-70; JAH 66: 902; WMQ 37: 146-51. 237 Randolph, J. Ralph. British Travelers Among the Southern Indians, 16601763. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1973. xv, 183 p. ISBN 0806110198; OCLC 388535; LC Call Number E78.S65 R3; Dewey 970.4/5. Citations: 3. Holdings: 561. Studies British travel accounts of Sir Alexander Cuming, Robert Beverley, and others. Notes that writings focused on Indian appearance, religious beliefs, dwellings, and subsistence, and that writers approached their subjects with open minds. Finds that English racism stemmed from negative views of Indian males and a failure to grasp Indian religion. JAH 60: 782-83; WMQ 30: 686-88.

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238 Ray, Arthur J. Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660-1870. Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1974. xii, 249 p. ISBN 0802062261; OCLC 1205837; LC Call Number E78.C2 R35; Dewey 380.1/439. Citations: 100. Holdings: 634. Covers the impact of the fur trade on Indian migrations, relations with Europeans and other tribes, cultural adaptation, and population in southwestern Hudson Bay, present-day Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Stresses the impact of European gift giving, drought, fires, and epidemics, and secondary trade of European goods among various Indian tribes. Concludes that the trade allowed Indians to survive independently for about two centuries. AHR 81: 651; CHR 57: 50-51; Ethnohistory 21: 276-79; JAH63: 729. 239 Ray, Dorothy Jean. The Eskimos of Bering Strait, 1650-1898. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1975. xvi, 305 p. ISBN 0295954353; OCLC 1502427; LC Call Number E99.E7 R29; Dewey 979.8/004/97. Citations: 37. Holdings: 597. Examines Alaskan geography, exploration, Russian and American influences, whaling, mining, education, and religion, and accounts of and about Eskimos. AHR 82: 169. 240 Reid, John Phillip. A Better Kind of Hatchet: Law, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Cherokee Nation during the Early Years of European Contact. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1976. vi, 249 p. ISBN 0271011971; OCLC 1364165; LC Call Number KF8228.C505 R4; Dewey 340.5/2/73. Citations: 14. Holdings: 528. Explores the interaction of British law and the Cherokee clan structure, which was facilitated by the British government's desire to regulate British traders in Cherokee lands. Finds that there was little change in either system through the 1720s, despite Cherokee dependence on European goods. AHR 82: 429; AJLH 21: 349-51; Ethnohistory 26: 199-200; JAH 64: 750; U 101: 1547; WMQ 34: 498-99. 241 Rowe, Frederick W. Extinction: The Beothuks of Newfoundland. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1977. 162 p. ISBN 0070823510; OCLC 3721338; LC Call Number E99.B4; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 6. Holdings: 59. Considers ten myths about the Beothuks and their early nineteenth-century extinction. Studies Beothuks' relationships with Europeans, noting that hostilities began in earnest in the seventeenth century with occasional raids and deteriorated from there, in large measure because Europeans became increasingly interested in fur trade and fishing. CHR 60: 210-14. 242 Russell, Howard S. Indian New England before the Mayflower. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1980. xi, 284 p. ISBN 0874511623; OCLC 6534431; LC Call Number E78.N5 R87; Dewey 974/. 00497 19. Citations: 18. Holdings: 1132.

60 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes for a general audience everyday life of New England Indians, including diet, agriculture, tools, family, languages, government, and religion. Ethnohistory 83: 229-30; JAH68: 107; U105: 1514; WMQ 3%: 517-519. 243 Sheehan, Bernard W. Savagism and Civility: Indians and Englishmen in Colonial Virginia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. xi, 258 p. ISBN 0521229278 (hbk.); ISBN 0521297230 (pbk.); OCLC 5239471; LC Call Number E78.V7 S53; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 78. Holdings: 738. Studies early contact between settlers and Indians, focusing on the gap between perceptions and reality. Considers economic and religious factors in the conflict and concludes that Virginians stubbornly held to the image of Indians as savages, despite many indications to the contrary. AHR 86: 451-52; CJH 16: 301-303; Ethnohistory 30: 183-84; U 105: 1082; WMQ 38: 506-509. 244 Sheehan, Bernard W. Seeds of Extinction: Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1973. xii, 301 p. ISBN 080781203X; OCLC 482732; LC Call Number E93 .S54; Dewey 970.5. Citations: 71. Holdings: 941. Explores European and American views of Indians and the effect of those ideas on policy. Shows that the Enlightenment mindset suggested that Indians could be "civilized" to become Christian farmers. Finds that this notion was put forward by Americans like Timothy Pickering, James Madison, Samuel Stanhope Smith, Jedidiah Morse, Benjamin Hawkins, and Thomas L. McKenney. Notes that experiments to civilize Indians failed, leading to a policy of removal and that, therefore, "ultimately, the white man's sympathy was more deadly than his animosity." APSR 69: 1049; CHR 56: 358-60; JAH 60: 1107-1108; WMQ 30: 658-61. 245 Simpson, Alan, and Mary Simpson, eds. Diary of King Philip's War, 1675-76. Chester, Conn.: Published for the Little Compton Historical Society by Pequot Press, 1975. xxi, 226 p. ISBN 0871060523; OCLC 1551091; LC Call Number E83.67 .C54; Dewey 973.2/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 402. Provides Benjamin Church's account of King Philip's War. Focuses on military action, Indian captives, and the causes of the conflict. AHR 81: S56\JAH62: 962-63; WMQ33: 706-707. 246 Todd, Helen. Tomochichi: Indian Friend of the Georgia Colony. Atlanta: Cherokee Publishing., 1977. xiii, 182 p. ISBN 0877970408; OCLC 3893214; LC Call Number E99.Y22 T657; Dewey 970/.004/97 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 75. Presents a biography of Tomochichi, Yamacraw Creek politician. Discusses his support of James Oglethorpe and the Georgia colony, diplomatic efforts, journey to England, and work in Indian education. JAH 65: 423.

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247 Trigger, Bruce G. The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1976. xxiii, 913 p. ISBN 0773502394; OCLC 3344685; LC Call Number E99.H9 T68; Dewey 970/.004/97. Citations: 146. Holdings: 490. Traces the history of Hurons in central Ontario from about 1530 to 1660, focusing on their society, government, and economics. Examines geography, ethnographic descriptions by Europeans, Huron archaeology, contacts with Europeans in the St. Lawrence valley, and development of military and economic relationships with the French. Analyzes the reaction of Hurons to Christianity, war with the Iroquois, and changes in Huron society by the midseventeenth century. Am Ant 45: 645-47; AHR 83: 302-303; CHR 59: 220-22; Ethnohistory 24: 28788; J Ethnic Stds 5: 80-89. 248 Upton, L. F. S. Micmacs and Colonists: Indian-White Relations in the Maritimes, 1713-1867. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1979. xvi, 243 p. ISBN 077480114X; OCLC 5857082; LC Call Number E99.M6 U67; Dewey 971.5/00497. Citations: 32. Holdings: 338. Examines Micmac life from the time of contact with Europeans, relations with French settlers, missionary efforts, the post-Revolutionary migration of loyalists, and efforts at survival. Finds that earlier relations with Europeans were good, but deteriorated with increased settlement of the French and New Englanders. AHR 87: 885-86; CHR 62: 73-74; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 347-54; Ethnohistory 29: 141-42; JAH 67: 659; WMQ3S: 523-25. 249 Van Der Beets, Richard. Held Captive by Indians: Selected Narratives, 1642-1836. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1973. xxxi, 374 p. ISBN 0870491458; OCLC 591526; LC Call Number E85 .V36; Dewey 970.1 B. Citations: 18. Holdings: 826. Includes captivity narratives of Father Isaac Jogues among the Mohawks, Mary Rowlandson, John Gyles of Maine, Elizabeth Hanson, Robert Eastburn, John Marrant, Charles Johnston, Mary Kinnan, and Rachel Plummer. Am Lit 45: 637; EAL 9: 345-46; Ethnohistory 20: 200-201; WMQ 31: 688-90. 250 Vogel, John J. Indians of Ohio and Wyandot County. New York: Vantage Press, 1975. 131 p. ISBN 0533016304; OCLC 2213751; LC Call Number E99 .H9V64. Citations: 0. Holdings: 49. Studies Wyandot (Huron) Indians in northwestern Ohio from the early eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century. Includes a history of white settlers in the area through about 1850. JAH 63: 686-87. 251 Washburn, Wilcomb E. Red Man's Land-White Man's Law: A Study of the Past and Present Status of the American Indian. New York: Scribner, 1971. viii, 280 p. ISBN 0684124890; OCLC 186092; LC Call Number E93 .W3; Dewey 342/.73/087. Citations: 50. Holdings: 1908.

62 Books on Early American History and Culture Summarizes the legal status of American Indians over time. Contends that European settlers were ideologically and commercially imperialistic, which led directly to Indian dependency, subordination, and exploitation. AJLH 16: 366-6% JAH 59: 685-86; WMQ 29: 313-15. 252 Woods, Patricia Dillon. French-Indian Relations on the Southern Frontier, 1699-1762. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1980. x, 239 p. ISBN 0835711005; OCLC 6423032; LC Call Number F372 .W66; Dewey 976.3/01. Citations: 7. Holdings: 241. Focuses on the diplomatic efforts of the LeMoyne brothers and the Natchez uprising of 1729. Contends that the French failed to achieve peace with tribes due to bureaucratic inefficiency and corruption, inability to compete with English traders, and changing positions of Indians themselves. JAH 6%: 106; WMQ 39: 698-700.

7 Race and Slavery

253 Anstey, Roger. The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition, 17601810. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1975. xxiv, 456 p. ISBN 0391003712; OCLC 1104190. LC Call Number HT1322 .A67; Dewey 382A44. Citations: 115. Holdings: 724. Emphasizes the role of Quakers and Evangelicals in the British abolition movement. Finds that members of Parliament who voted to abolish the slave trade in 1806-1807 were of the landed class and that these members were persuaded by "protectionist" or "mercantilist" arguments advanced by skillful abolitionists. AHR 81: 585-86; CHR 58: 93-94; CJH 11: 206-207; Econ Hist Rev 29: 338-39; WMQ 33: 337-39. 254 Auping, J. The Relative Efficiency of Evangelical Nonviolence: The Influence of a Revival of Religion on the Abolition of Slavery in North America, 1740-1865. Roma: Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, 1977. 263 p. OCLC 6774194; LC Call Number E441 .A8. Citations: 0. Holdings: 11. Examines John Woolman's work on slavery abolition, but focuses on the period between 1830 and 1860. Distinguishes between "prophetic abolitionists" (e.g. Garrison's followers) and "evangelical abolitionists," so-called Tappanites. Concludes that evangelicals were more effective than prophetic abolitionists because their personal religious experiences made their attacks on slavery more emotional and persuasive. JAH 66: 146. 255 Barker, Anthony J. The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550-1807. Totowa, N.J.: F. Cass, 1978. xi,

64 Books on Early American History and Culture 263 p. ISBN 0714630810; OCLC 3849824; LC Call Number HT1322 .B26; Dewey 305.8/96/041. Citations: 27. Holdings: 332. Examines British attitudes about and descriptions of Africans in Africa. Argues that by 1800 a great deal was known in Britain about Africa and its inhabitants, but that stereotypes and prejudice persisted and were, over a long period of time, based on the belief that environmental factors resulted in African inferiority. AHR 84: 158. 256 Berry, Mary Frances. Black Resistance/White Law: A History of Constitutional Racism in America. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1971. xi, 268 p. ISBN 0390088404; OCLC 156215; LC Call Number E185.61 .B45; Dewey 323.1/196073. Citations: 38. Holdings: 1742. Examines Constitutional law in America, arguing that the system and government resources prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment were constantly used to reinforce slavery and racism. Notes that the government did nothing to protect abolitionists from violence and that "states rights" views perpetuated racism well into the twentieth century. AHR 79: 567-68; AJLH 16: 362-66; JAH 58: 1009-1010. 257 Breen, T.H. and Stephen Innes. "Myne Owne Ground": Race and Freedom on Virginia's Eastern Shore, 1640-1676. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. viii, 142 p. ISBN 0195027272; OCLC 6142875; LC Call Number F232.E2B73 Dewey 975.5/1. Citations: 48. Holdings: 1006. Contends that in early Virginia many free blacks owned property, were relatively prosperous, and experienced little racial discrimination. Finds that this changed as a result of Bacon's Rebellion and increased importation of African slaves at the end of the seventeenth century, which led to the 1705 slave codes. JAH 68: 363; U 105: 1731; WMQ 38: 315-18. 258 Brown, Letitia Woods. Free Negroes in the District of Columbia, 17901846. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972. ix, 226 p. ISBN 0195015525; OCLC 348364; LC Call Number E185.93.D6 B69; Dewey 917.53/06/96073. Citations: 8. Holdings: 731. Examines the background of slavery in the area that would eventually become the District of Columbia, efforts of slaves to gain freedom, and the economic successes of free blacks. Concludes that "While the slave system in the United States could be characterized generally as 'closed and circumscribed,' the legal framework and practice in the District allowed an open end to slavery." AHR7S: 1124; JAH59: 991-92. 259 Craton, Michael. Searching for the Invisible Man: Slaves and Plantation Life in Jamaica. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978. xxiii, 439 p. ISBN 0674796292; OCLC 2542854; LC Call Number HT1096 .C7; Dewey 301.44/93/097292. Citations: 54. Holdings: 565. Uses the records of the Worthy Park Plantation in Jamaica to sketch out the lives of slaves and free laborers on a sugar plantation. Finds that deaths among slaves

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were greater than births through emancipation. Also includes biographies of plantation personnel. AHR 83: 1375-75; Econ Hist Rev 32: 447-48; JAH 66: 639; J Soc Hist 14: 15053; Labor Hist 23: 450-52; U103: 1404; WMQ 37: 337-39. 260 Craven, Wesley Frank. White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1971. 114 p. ISBN 0813903726; OCLC 241608; LC Call Number F229 .C897; Dewey 301.45/09755. Citations: 40. Holdings: 1511. Collects lectures on slave and servant demographics and on Virginia's relations with the Pamunkey Indians. Explains an upsurge in white migration to Virginia at mid-century in terms of English political and religious conflict and latecentury importation of African slaves for increased harvests. Discusses Indian institutions, war making, and leadership, noting that the Pamunkeys were destroyed because they miscalculated the trustworthiness of European settlers. AHR 78: 471-72; JAH 59: 678-79; WMQ 29: 492. 261 Crow, Jeffrey J. The Black Experience in Revolutionary North Carolina. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1977. ix, 121 p. OCLC 3705641; LC Call Number E185.93.N6 C76; Dewey 975.6/004/96073. Citations: 7. Holdings: 285. Argues that black slaves actively used African culture and religion to resist white culture and reject degradation. Notes that by the end of the eighteenth century, African-bom North Carolina blacks had created a separate community. Finds that they preserved their African culture through native crafts, religious rituals, and farming skills. AHR 83: 1341; JAH65: 1098. 262 Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1975. 576 p. ISBN 0801408881 (hbk.); ISBN 0801491568 (pbk.); OCLC 1177035; LC Call Number HT867 .D38; Dewey 301.44/93/09033. Citations: 311. Holdings: 2343. Studies slavery in light of the ideologies, politics, and military events of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century United States and English, French, and Spanish colonies in America. Notes that slavery survived in the United States because forming and maintaining the nation required the South's consent and because there was a strong belief in protecting private property. AHR 81: 443-44; CHR 58: 91-92; CJH 10: 259-61; JAH 62: 675-77; WMQ 33: 531-34. 263 Debien, Gabriel. Les esclaves aux Antilles francaises (XVIIAe-XVIIIAe siecles). Fort-de-France: Societe d'histoire de la Martinique, 1974. 529 p. ISBN 2900339949; OCLC 1412895; LC Call Number HT1107 .D4; Dewey 326.09729 D351e. Citations: 43. Holdings: 14. Studies seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French West Indian slavery. Examines the conditions of slaves in Saint-Domingue, their African origins, food, housing, clothing, health, mortality, reproduction, religion, resistance to

66 Books on Early American History and Culture slavery, manumission, and the typical situation of slaves over time. Concludes that half of all slaves died in the seasoning period, that slaves did not get enough to eat, and that conditions of slaves improved in the eighteenth century, but mostly for economic, not humanitarian, reasons. AHR 81: 700. 264 Dunn, Richard S. Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1972. xx, 359 p. ISBN 0807811920; OCLC 363974; LC Call Number F2131 .D8; Dewey 917.29. Citations: 176. Holdings: 1311. Compares the development of the British West Indies to other English colonies. Finds that landowners sought to imitate the gentry, but society in the West Indies was very different from England and colonies on the mainland. Contends that the cultivation of sugar and racial slavery became inextricably linked and made isolated colonies develop in remarkably similar ways. Econ Hist Rev 27: 505-506; JAH 59: 978-79; J Eur Econ Hist 2: 505-508; WMQ 30: 149-52. 265 Foner, Philip S. History of Black Americans: From Africa to the Emergence of the Cotton Kingdom. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975. 680 p. ISBN 0837175291; OCLC 1174363; LC Call Number E185 .F5915; Dewey 301.451; Dewey 909.0496. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1449. Covers the black experience in the Americas and the West Indies through about 1820. Discusses slavery in the various colonies, antislavery movements, slave resistance, slavery and the Constitution, blacks in the War of 1812, and figures like Phyllis Wheatley, Benjamin Banneker, Paul Cuffe, and Gabriel Prosser. AHR 82: 180; JAH 63: 374-75; WMQ 34: 172-74. 266 Genovese, Eugene D. From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the Modern World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979. xxvi, 173 p. ISBN 0807105864; OCLC 5239867; LC Call Number HT1048 .G43; Dewey 301.44/93/0973. Citations: 115. Holdings: 1229. Publishes revised 1973 Fleming Lectures given at Louisiana State University. Synthesizes research on Western Hemisphere slave revolts. Concludes that "by the end of the eighteenth century, the historical content of the slave revolts shifted decisively from attempts to secure freedom from slavery to attempts to overthrow slavery as a social system." AHR 86: 919-20; J Soc Hist 15: 122-26; Labor Hist 25: 589; U 104: 2457-58; New Republic 182 (19 Jan 80): 35-36. 267 Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Social Control in Slave Plantation Societies: A Comparison of St. Dominigue and Cuba. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971. xiii, 166 p. ISBN 0801812526; OCLC 247778; LC Call Number HT1081 .H35; Dewey 301.44/93/097291. Citations: 21. Holdings: 729. Explores slave social control via Christian religion, physical force, law, and racism. Also considers demography, mortality, and plantation development.

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Contends that as the sugar industry improved, slave revolts became more common in both colonies. Notes that revolutionary ideology caused the French to encourage free colored individuals and discourage pro-independence white planters, while Spain suppressed free colored people in Cuba. AHR 78: 183; WMQ30: 339-41. 268 Handler, Jerome S. and Frederick W. Lange. Plantation Slavery in Barbados: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978. xiii, 368 p. ISBN 0674672755; OCLC 3072140; LC Call Number HT1105.B3 H34; Dewey 301.44/93/0972981. Citations: 53. Holdings: 539. Focuses on the Newton Plantation in Barbados and describes the social, cultural, and economic lives of slaves. Examines burial sites and artifacts and finds that African cultures persisted in slaves' mortuary practices, while they rapidly adapted "to the conditions of the plantation system and wider features in the island's sociocultural and physical environments." Am Ant 44: 384-85; AHR 83: 1375-76; Ethnohistory 28: 286-87; JAH 66: 372; WMQ 37: 339-43. 269 Handler, Jerome S. The Unappropriated People: Freedmen in the Slave Society of Barbardos. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. xii, 225 p. ISBN 0801815657; OCLC 745929; LC Call Number HT1105.B3 H35; Dewey 301.44/93/0972981. Citations: 31. Holdings: 542. Studies nonwhite freedmen in Barbados, focusing on their social and legal status and their roles in the military, economy, religion, and educational system in the nineteenth century prior to emancipation. Discusses the Brown Privilege Bill of 1831, activities in trade, shopkeeping, and taverns (e.g., Rachel Pringle), and slave ownership. AHR 81: 473-74; Ethnohistory 21: 183-84. 270 Higginbotham, A. Leon, Jr. In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. xxiii, 512 p. ISBN 0195023870 (hbk.); ISBN 0195027450 (pbk.); OCLC 16489432; LC Call Number KF4757 .H53; Dewey 342/.73/087. Citations: 208. Holdings: 1679. Studies statutes and court cases from Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, South Carolina, Georgia, and Pennsylvania, the Somerset case in England, and the effect of the Declaration of Independence on blacks. Contends that the legal status of blacks gradually declined in eighteenth-century British America and that the severity of slave laws increased with the proportion of slaves in the population. Finds that laws were more severe in the South and that slavery developed even in areas where it was originally prohibited. AHRS4: 1142-43;AJLH23: 280-8\;APSR 74: 200-201; PSQ 94: 180-81; WMQ 37: 513-516. 271 Higham, B. W. Slave Population and Economy in Jamaica, 1807-1834. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976. vii, 327 p. ISBN 0521210534;

68 Books on Early American History and Culture OCLC 1733466; LC Call Number HT1096 .H53; Dewey 301.44/93. Citations: 0. Holdings: 440. Analyzes Jamaican slave demography, particularly distribution, age, sex ratios, fertility, and mortality. Finds that mortality was higher on sugar-producing properties than non-sugar producing properties, that high sex ratios did not depress fertility, and that climate was a negligible mortality factor. AHR 82: 1104-1105; Econ Hist Rev 31: 169-70; J Econ Lit 17: 99-100; J Soc Hist 14: 150-53; U102: 1015; WMQ 35: 398-401. 272 Klein, Herbert S. The Middle Passage: Comparative Studies in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. xxiii, 282 p. ISBN 0691100640; OCLC 4005389; LC Call Number HT975 .K55; Dewey 380.1/44. Citations: 116. Holdings: 784. Includes ten essays on the slave trade, taking up non-English participation, trade to Virginia, Rio de Janeiro, and Jamaica, slave shipments, origins, and landings at various ports, slave demographics, Brazil's internal trade, and French, Portuguese, and Cuban trade. AHR 84: 419-20; J Econ Lit 17: 549-52; J Eur Econ Hist 10: 502-504; WMQ 36: 472-74. 273 Lewis, Ronald. Coal, Iron and Slaves: Industrial Slavery in Maryland and Virginia, 1715-1865. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. xiii, 283 p. ISBN 0313205221; OCLC 4193275; LC Call Number E445.M3 L48; Dewey 331.1/1734/09752. Citations: 32. Holdings: 525. Studies slave labor in Virginia coal fields and ironworks around Baltimore and Richmond. Finds that slaveowners in these areas did not exercise absolute authority, but rather pragmatically yielded to slave demands within certain limits in order to maintain production and profit. AHR 85: 985-86; JAH 68: 663; Labor Hist 22: 601-603. 274 Littlefield, Daniel F., Jr. Africans and Creeks: From the Colonial Period to the Civil War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. xiii, 286 p. ISBN 0313207038; OCLC 4883992; LC Call Number E99.C9 L57; Dewey 301.44/93/0973. Citations: 20. Holdings: 543. Contends that as white contact increased and more slaves entered their territories, the Creeks adopted black slavery. Notes that this heavily influenced the Creek economy and Creek-Seminole relations, as more and more Creeks established plantations. AHR 85: 985; Can Rev Am Stds 15: 185-98; WMQ 37: 685-86. 275 Macleod, Duncan J. Slavery, Race and the American Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1974. vi, 249 p. ISBN 0521098777; OCLC 1322253; LC Call Number E446 .M19; Dewey 973.3 M165s. Citations: 42. Holdings: 813. Studies the ways in which southerners attempted to reconcile slavery and Revolutionary ideology. Notes that this was particularly difficult in the South where republican principles and slavery as an economic and cultural institution were both highly prized. Concludes that Southerners saw "in the character of

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the Negro the explanation for slavery which the Revolutionary debate demanded," which reinforced racism. AHR 81: 655-56; APSR 72: 692-93; CHR 58: 91-92; Econ Hist Rev 28: 731-32; JAH63: 1000-1001; WMQ 32: 653-54. 276 McManus, Edgar J. Black Bondage in the North. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1973. xiii, 236 p. ISBN 0815600917; OCLC 578016; LC Call Number E441 .M16; Dewey 301.44/93/0974. Citations: 32. Holdings: 1080. Surveys racial slavery in the North, pointing our differences with southern slavery. Finds that northern slaves had more free time than their southern counterparts and by the late eighteenth century were more likely to receive a Christian education. Concludes, though, that the "subordination of all blacks to whites was the heart of American slavery" and that the "slave systems of Brazil and Mexico were no different in their racial premises than slavery in Pennsylvania and Virginia." AHR79: \246-47; JAH61: 173-74; WMQ31: 337-39. 277 Miller, Floyd J. The Search for a Black Nationality: Black Emigration and Colonization, 1787-1863. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975. xiii, 295 p. ISBN 0252002636; OCLC 1218418; LC Call Number E448 .M56; Dewey 301.32/8/7306. Citations: 44. Holdings: 795. Focuses on the northern black efforts at black nation building and pan-black ideology. Discusses the work of Paul Cuffe, militant abolitionists, and the American Colonization Society. AHR 81: 966; JAH 64: 433; U100: 983. 278 Miller, John Chester. The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. New York: Free Press, 1977. xii, 319 p. ISBN 0029215005; OCLC 2983728; LC Call Number E332.2 .M54; Dewey 301.44/93/0924. Citations: 53. Holdings: 1807. Explores Jefferson's views on slavery and freedom, the James Callender affair, the stories of Sally Hemings and Maria Cosway, freedom of the press, and the Missouri Controversy. Notes that Jefferson hated slavery, saw blacks as temporary residents in America, and sought their eventual removal. AHR 83: 803; JAH 65: 438; U 102: 1642; Natl Rev 29: 1316-17; WMQ 35: 77779. 279 Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: Norton, 1975. x, 454 p. ISBN 039305554X; OCLC 1502335; LC Call Number E445.V8 M67; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 434. Holdings: 1909. Examines the coexistence of slavery and freedom in colonial Virginia. Contends that slavery developed from the system of indenture, that English settlers did not make use of racist ideas through the first half century of settlement, and that the economic advantages that racial slavery provided whites actually made Revolutionary assertion of rights possible.

70 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 81: 957-58; JAH 63: 371-73; J Soc Hist 10: 370-73; U 100: 1628-29; Natl Rev 28 (19 Mar 76): 279-80; PSQ 91: 742-43; WMQ 33: 669-72 280 Morris, Thomas D. Free Men All: The Personal Liberty Laws of the North, 1780-1861. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. xii, 253 p. ISBN 0801815053; OCLC 714139; LC Call Number KF4545.S5 M67; Dewey 342/.73/085. Citations: 40. Holdings: 717. Concentrates on the ideas of the antislavery supporters in Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Wisconsin, who stressed that all humans were born free, and that even slaves could not have freedom taken away except by due process of law. Notes that this view drove the creation of personal liberty laws in the North, and encouraged the use of habeas corpus and trial by jury as a way to guarantee freedom of northern blacks. Concludes that these tactics and personal liberty laws were important to the development of the Fourteenth Amendment. AHRS0: 13S6;JAH61: 1096-97. 281 Mullin, Gerald W. Flight and Rebellion: Slave Resistance in EighteenthCentury Virginia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972. xii, 219 p. ISBN 0195015142; OCLC 267324; LC Call Number E445.V8 M8; Dewey 301.44/93/09755. Citations: 87. Holdings: 1251. Studies slavery in eighteenth-century Virginia from the slave's perspective. Argues that by nineteenth-century standards it was "permissive and open," that material conditions were good, that slave families were stable, and that there was high freedom of movement and a "considerable degree of occupational specialization." Finds that slave resistance "was usually sporadic and solitary," and that whites were "confident in the security of their slave society." AHR 78: 154; JAH 59: 688-89; WMQ 30: 337-39. 282 Murray, David R. Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain, and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. xi, 423 p. ISBN 0521228670; OCLC 6085587; LC Call Number HT1077 .M87; Dewey 382/.44/097291. Citations: 34. Holdings: 396. Studies the diplomacy of Britain's efforts to end the Cuban slave trade, particularly the pressures that the British government applied to Spain. Explains that Cuba remained a profitable colony largely because of slave labor, so Spain resisted diminution of the trade despite its formal agreements to do so. AHR 88: 222. 283 Nash, Gary B. Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early America. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. xvii, 350 p. ISBN 0137698100 (hbk.); ISBN 013769802X (pbk.); OCLC 805864; LC Call Number E188 .N37; Dewey 917.3/03/2. Citations: 86. Holdings: 1539. Synthesizes the literature on Indian, European, and African contact in the New World. Covers America before Columbus, European contact and the meeting of cultures on the Chesapeake and in the Northeast, patterns of Indian-European interaction, the African response to slavery, the transformation of European

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culture, imperial wars and Indian strategies for survival, and the three cultures on the eve of the Revolution. AHR 80: 1379; JAH62: 660-61; WMQ32: 133-35. 284 Palmer, Colin A. Slaves of the White God: Blacks in Mexico, 1570-1650. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1976. 234 p. ISBN 0674810856; OCLC 1849061; LC Call Number HT1053 .P35; Dewey 301.44/93/0972. Citations: 39. Holdings: 604. Studies the early years of African slavery in Mexico, covering the role of the slave in society, working conditions, patterns of resistance, slave religion, relations with Indians, and manumission. AHR 82: 477-78; Ethnohistory 24: 89-90; U101: 2278; WMQ 35: 401-402. 285 Perdue, Theda. Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, 15401866. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. xiv, 207 p. ISBN 0870492594; OCLC 4036878; LC Call Number E99.C5 P394; Dewey 301.45/19/7073. Citations: 48. Holdings: 966. Sketches the transition of Cherokees during the eighteenth century from the enslavement of other Indians to the use of African slaves. Finds that this movement accelerated Cherokee acculturation, altered the Cherokee economy and culture, and resulted in factionalism. AHR 85: 200-201; Labor Hist 21: 450-51; U104: 490; WMQ37: 158-59. 286 Peukert, Wener. Der atlantische Sklavenhandel von Dahomey (17401797): Wirtschaftsanthropologie u. Sozialgeschichte. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1978. xvi, 412 p. ISBN 3515024042; OCLC 4512542; LC Call Number HT1334.D33; Dewey 966.8301. Citations: 24. Holdings: 62. Studies reports from European travelers and traders, as well as ship account books, to understand the slave trade of Dahomey. Maintains that there existed economic specialization and high income differentials, market-determined prices, and integration of trade, money, and markets. Concludes that the slave trade accounted for a relatively small part of the Dahomeyan economy. AHR 84: 1444. 287 Rice, Duncan. The Rise and Fall of Black Slavery. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. xiii, 427 p. ISBN 0060135522; OCLC 1363405; LC Call Number HT1048.R47; Dewey 301.44/93/0973. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1150. Provides an overview of racial slavery in the Western Hemisphere. Concludes that the origins of American slavery were economic and legal, not initially racial, and that abolition movements in Europe and America were unusual in the broader context of human slavery. AHR 82: 180; CJH 11: 206-207; Econ Hist Rev 28: 731-32; U 100: 1629; WMQ 34: 171-72. 288 Robinson, Donald L. Slavery in the Structure of American Politics, 17651820. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. xii, 564 p. ISBN 0151829721; OCLC 109722; LC Call Number E446 .R63; Dewey 326/.0973. Citations: 60. Holdings: 1153.

72 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines the impact of slavery on national politics from the Revolutionary era through the Missouri Compromise. Finds that the slavery issue often crept into debates about seemingly unrelated controversies and concludes that racismmore than slavery—divided American politicians. AHR7S: 1123-24; APSR 69: 1454-55; JAH 58: 734-35; WMQ29: 186-88. 289 Scherer, Lester B. Slavery and the Churches in Early America, 16191819. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975. 163 p. ISBN 0802815804; OCLC 1230704; LC Call Number HT913 .S33; Dewey 261.8/34/4930973. Citations: 7. Holdings: 696. Describes the development of slavery and its relationship to Christianity over roughly the first two centuries of North American settlement. Argues that early churches "generally related passively and permissively to the dehumanization of blacks." AHR 81: 958; Am J Soc 82: 1419-20; JAH 63: 680-81; U 100: 2050; WMQ 34: 498-99. 290 Simpson, George Eaton. Black Religions in the New World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. ix, 415 p. ISBN 0231045409; OCLC 4004217; LC Call Number BL2500 .S55; Dewey 291/.097. Citations: 48. Holdings: 1019. Focuses on African cults in America and their relationships to Sub-Saharan tribal religions. Discusses healing practices, spirit possession, sixteenth-century Caribbean missionaries, and blacks in Christian denominational life. Details declines of certain cults and the impact of social factors on religion. AHR 84: 1206-1207. 291 Stein, Robert Louis. The French Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century: An Old Regime Business. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979. xvii, 250 p. ISBN 0299079104; OCLC 5286555; LC Call Number HT985 .S73; Dewey 382/.44/0944. Citations: 55. Holdings: 539. Covers political, social, humanitarian, and economic positions on the slave trade, using a typical eighteenth-century slave trader as an illustration. AHR 86: 401-402; Econ Hist Rev 34: 346-47; U105: 100-101. 292 Sweet, Leonard I. Black Images of America, 1784-1870. New York: Norton, 1976. x, 214 p. ISBN 0393091953; OCLC 2180269; LC Call Number E184.65 .S84; Dewey 973/.04/96073. Citations: 14. Holdings: 690. Asserts that both blacks and whites perceived America in a providential way, but disagreed about the meaning of destiny. Contends that black leaders saw a future in which whites were punished for slavery and in which blacks gained their rightful places. AHRS2: \Sl; J Ethnic Stds 5: 94-96; L/101: 1528-29. 293 Wilson, Ellen Gibson. The Loyal Blacks. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1976. xi, 463 p. OCLC 3497984; LC Call Number DT516.7 .W54; Dewey 966.4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 813.

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Studies loyalist blacks in Nova Scotia. Explains that they were victims of discrimination and unfulfilled promises of land and were exploited as cheap labor. Notes that many migrated to Sierra Leone and experienced difficulties there as well. AHRS2: 1066-67; LI 101: 1016. 294 Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1650 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Knopf; distributed by Random House, 1974. xxiv, 346 p. ISBN 0394483960; OCLC 762469; LC Call Number E445.S7 W66; Dewey 975.7/02. Citations: 229. Holdings: 1472. Discusses the African origins of slaves, their use of language, diet and health, skills in agriculture and trades, and resistance resulting eventually in the Stono Rebellion. Contends that the Rebellion came close to succeeding and resulted in increased oppressive restrictions on slaves and emphasis on subservient Christianity. AHR 81: 204; Ethnohistory 20: 422-24; JAH62: 102-103; WMQ 32: 335-36.

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8 Gender

295 Akers, Charles W. Abigail Adams: An American Woman. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1980. x, 207 p. ISBN 0316020400; OCLC 6087708; LC Call Number E322.1.A38 A35; Dewey 973.4/4/0924. Citations 3. Holdings: 2027. Presents a biography of Adams for a general readership. Covers her religious and political views, influences from English literature, and intellectual abilities. AHR 85: 1259-60; JAH67: 662. 296 Boxer, C.R. Women in Iberian Expansion Overseas, 1415-1815: Some Facts, Fancies and Personalities. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. 142 p. ISBN 0195198174; OCLC 1477260; LC Call Number HQ1149.S7 B68. Dewey 301.41/2/0946. Citations: 9. Holdings: 401. Surveys the history of women in the Spanish and Portuguese empires, including colonies in Africa and the Americas. Considers female servitude in these areas as well as seclusion, property inheritance, and other economic and religious roles and views. AHR SI: 1009. 297 Cott, Nancy F. The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1855. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1977. xii, 225 p. ISBN 0300020236; OCLC 2598394; LC Call Number HQ1418 .C67; Dewey 301.41/2/09. Citations: 703. Holdings: 1847. Uses letters, diaries, and contemporary literature to show how women viewed themselves and their roles in the early republic and antebellum eras. Considers labor, domesticity, education, religion, and the idea of "sisterhood," arguing that, paradoxically, the "bonds" that united women also limited them. AHRS2: 1327; EAL 13: 309-311; JAH 64: 1101; J Soc Hist \\: 575-79; U 102: 803; WMQ 35: 566-68.

76 Books on Early American History and Culture 298 Kerber, Linda K.. Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America. Chapel Hill, N.C.: published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xiv, 304 p. ISBN 0807814407 (hbk.); ISBN 0807840653 (pbk); OCLC 7150447; LC Call Number HQ1418 .K47; Dewey 305.4/2/0973 19. Citations: 421. Holdings: 1612. Traces the changing role of women during and immediately after the Revolution. Argues that the importance of women in this era has long been ignored and that the Revolution shows how difficult it was to facilitate women's entry into politics without denying women's commitment to the home. Concludes that "Republican Motherhood" was a way to bridge the gap between politics and domesticity. AHR 86: 916-917; AJLH 26: 77-78; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 49-59; JAH 68: 119; U105: 2408-2409; WMQ 39: 231-38. 299 Koehler, Lyle. A Search for Power: The "Weaker Sex" in SeventeenthCentury New England. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1980. viii, 561 p. ISBN 0252008081; OCLC 6420866; LC Call Number HQ1438.A11 K63; Dewey 305.4/0974. Citations: 82. Holdings: 833. Examines the role of women in early New England Puritanism. Explains that Puritanism limited women to such a degree that they had to search for power in various areas, something that led to non-traditional women being accused of witchcraft at the end of the century. AHR 87: 246-47; JAH 68: 364; J Soc Hist 15: 721-23; U 105: 1630; WMQ 39: 238-40. 300 Norton, Mary Beth. Liberty's Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750-1800. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1980. xvi, 384 p. ISBN 0316612510; OCLC 5777119; LC Call No. HQ1418 .N67; Dewey 301.41/2/0973. Citations: 250. Holdings: 1863. Takes up the impact of the Revolution on women, arguing that it only temporarily improved the status of women before the onset of the "Cult of True Womanhood." Finds that during the Revolution women took on more responsibility and had more education, but that these advances largely vanished in the early nineteenth century. AHR 88: 750; JAH 69: 139. 301 Thompson, Roger. Women in Stuart England and America: A Comparative Study. Boston, Mass.: Routledge and K. Paul, 1974. ix, 276 p. ISBN 0710078226; OCLC 1056623; LC Call Number HQ1150 .T48; Dewey 301.41/2/0942. Citations: 37. Holdings: 770. Explains that American women had more privileges than their English counterparts due to their relative scarcity in the colonies, and their value as workers on the frontier. Concludes that American women, therefore, were able to get jobs, negotiate for better quality husbands, and gain opportunities normally denied them. AHR 80: 1299; JAH62: 101-102; WMQ 32: 524-26.

9 Ethnicity

302 Baudot, Georges. Utopie et histoire au Mexique: Les premiers chroniqueres de la civilisation mexicaine (1520-1569). Toulouse: Privat, 1977. xii, 554 p. ISBN 2708923544; OCLC 3333248; LC Call Number F1224 .B38; Dewey 972/.02. Citations: 34. Holdings: 790. Examines early studies of ethnography in Mexico by Franciscans, particularly the work of Fray Andres de Olmos, Fray Toribio de Benavente, Fray Martin de la Coruiia, Fray Francisco de las Navas, and Fray Bernardino de Sahagu, author of Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva Espana. Describes reactions against such ethnographic work and its revival. AHR S3: 1127-28. 303 Harling, Frederick and Martin Kaufman, eds. The Ethnic Contribution to the American Revolution. Westfield, Mass.: Westfield Bicentennial Committee, 1976. 119 p. OCLC 2645200; LC Call Number E269.F67 E86; Dewey 973.3/46. Citations: 0. Holdings: 393. Collects 18 essays on the contributions of various ethnic and racial groups to the American Revolution, including Greeks, Welsh, Swiss, Spanish, Czechs, Slovaks, blacks, Native Americans, Jews, French, Scotch-Irish, Dutch, and Poles. JAH M\ All. 304 Jones, George Fenwick, ed. Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America. Vol. 3: 1736. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1972. xx, 348 p. OCLC 10247587; LC Call Number F295.S1 U813; Citations: 2. Holdings: 465. Covers the Salzburgers' daily registers with notes and annotations WMQ 30: 533-35.

78 Books on Early American History and Culture 305 Kenney, Alice P. Stubborn for Liberty: The Dutch in New York. Syracuse: Published for the New York State American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, Syracuse University Press, 1975. xvi, 301 p. ISBN 0815601131; OCLC 1500245; LC Call Number F127.H8 K4; Dewey 974.7/004/3931. Citations: 7. Holdings: 485. Examines change and resistance of Dutch culture in New York. Gives the early modern background of the Netherlands, stressing its communitarian values, civil and moral liberty, personal independence, conservatism, moderation and tolerance, monopolistic economy, and union for common defense. Considers Leisler's Rebellion and the American Revolution against this background. WMQ 33: 700-702. 306 Lehmann, William C. Scottish and Scotch-Irish Contributions to Early American Life and Culture. Port Washington, N.Y.: National University Publications, 1978. viii, 232 p. ISBN 0804691738; OCLC 3003061; LC Call Number E183.8.G7 L36; Dewey 973/.04/9163. Citations: 6. Holdings: 307. Explores characteristics of Scottish and Scotch-Irish settlers and their influence in early America. Finds that they valued education, order, reason, and science, and had a significant impact on American economy, medicine, religion, philosophy, law, and politics. AHR 84: 843-44. 307 Schriver, Edward, ed. The French in New England, Acadia, and Quebec. Orono: University of Maine, 1973. 142 p. OCLC 3187379; LC Call Number F1027.C74; Dewey 971.6/004/41. Citations: 3. Holdings: 101. Publishes fifteen papers from a May 1972 University of Maine conference. Essays cover loyalist-Acadian relations, Acadians in New England, Acadian archives, Acadians in eighteenth-century Massachusetts, and Quebec-New England relations. CHR 56: 447-48. 308 Williams, Gwyn A. The Search for Beulah Land: The Welsh and the Atlantic Revolution. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1980. 190 p. ISBN 0841905894; OCLC 5725723; LC Call Number DA720 .W496; Dewey 942.9/07/3. Citations: 26. Holdings: 183. Stresses Welsh dissatisfaction, nationalism, and religious dissent in the context of late eighteenth-century revolutions in America and France. Discusses Welsh settlement in North America, their difficulties there, and revival of the Madoc tradition. JAH 67:397.

10 Migration

309 Gragg, Larry Dale. Migration in Early America: The Virginia Quaker Experience. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1980. viii, 135 p. ISBN 0835710955; OCLC 6355722; LC Call Number F235.F89 G7; Dewey 975.5/0088/286. Citations: 8. Holdings: 227. Studies 2,445 Virginia Quakers to determine "the age, family status, distance moved, and frequency of movement, among the Quakers moving into, within, and out of Virginia between 1711 and 1800." Notes the typical migrant was a young male whose family had moved 1.86 times, usually from Pennsylvania to Virginia and from there to the Carolinas or Ohio. Concludes that motivations for moving differed little from non-Quaker migrants. AHRS7: 1151-52; WMQ 38: 318-20. 310 Nunn, Charles F. Foreign Immigrants in Early Bourbon Mexico, 17001760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. xi, 243 p. ISBN 0521220513; OCLC 4497490; LC Call Number F1392 .Al N86; Dewey 301.32/972. Citations: 18. Holdings: 353. Disputes the widely held notion that Spanish xenophobia and mercantilist views led to the general exclusion of foreigners from Spanish American territories. Finds that, instead, Spanish authorities were highly selective about immigrants, screening them on the basis of religion, family status, and the type of work the foreigner would do. Concludes that Spaniards were surprisingly compassionate and tolerant toward immigrants. AHR 85: 742; Econ Hist Rev 33: 445-46.

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11 Labor and Class

311 Foner, Philip S. Labor and the American Revolution. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976. xi, 256 p. ISBN 0837190037; OCLC 2424538; LC Call Number E209.F67; Dewey 973.3/15/0623. Citations: 12. Holdings: 714. Synthesizes research on urban laborers in the 1760s and the 1770s, who, it is claimed "pushed the struggle forward during the ten-year period [prior to independence] and provided the apparatus and manpower for the transition from resistance to Independence." AHR 82: 1064; Labor Hist 19: 599-603; U102: 706; WMQ 35: 411-413. 312 Hardy, Jean-Pierre and David-Thiery Ruddel. Les Apprentis artisans a Quebec, 1660-1815. Montreal: Presses de l'Universite du Quebec, 1977. xviii, 220 p. ISBN 0777001780; OCLC 3605428; LC Call Number HD4885.C3; Dewey 331.2/5922/09714. Citations: 23. Holdings: 43. Studies apprenticeship indentures made in the city of Quebec from 1648 to 1815. Considers occupations, sponsorship, and social mobility. CHR 60: 66-69. 313 Kim, Sung Bok. Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664-1775. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1978. xxii, 456 p. ISBN 0807812900; OCLC 3167289; LC Call Number HD211.N7K55; Dewey 333.5/4/09747. Citations: 64. Holdings: 593. Examines the relationship between landlords and settlers in early English New York. Argues that the relationships were complex and that tenants were not always deferential to landowners, but instead took advantage of the constant need for labor in the colony. AHR 84: 250; CJH 14: 112-14; JAH 66: 376; WMQ 36: 622-24.

82 Books on Early American History and Culture 314 Mohl, Raymond A. Poverty in New York, 1783-1825. New York, Oxford University Press, 1971. xv, 318 p. ISBN 0195013670; OCLC 130430; LC Call Number HV4046.N6 M65; Dewey 362.5/097471. Citations: 52. Holdings: 778. Examines early state poor laws, public welfare structures, relief practices, private philanthropy, and the roles of religion, education, temperance, and labor. Finds that there was a shift in dealing with poverty during this period from paternalism to middle class moralism and that almshouses and voluntary associations became "characteristic nineteenth-century urban institutions." AHR 78: 483-84; AJLH 16: 361-62; Econ Hist Rev 26: 548-49; JAH 62: 981-82; WMQ 29: 182-84. 315 Olton, Charles S. Artisans for Independence: Philadelphia Mechanics and the American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1975. xii, 172 p. ISBN 0815601115; OCLC 1530901; LC Call Number HD2346.U52 P56; Dewey 322.4/2/0974811. Citations: 24. Holdings: 559. Argues that "mechanics" in Philadelphia coalesced against British taxation and regulatory policies after the Stamp Act, that they helped enforce boycotts of British goods, and that they were among the major agitators for independence. Concludes that they supported the federal Constitution and the Pennsylvania Republicans because of their interests in economic stability. AHR 81: 962; CJH 11: 414-15; JAH 63: 392-94; J Urban Hist 5: 241-53; Labor Hist 17: 115-19; U101: 337; WMQ 33: 538-40. 316 Rock, Howard B. Artisans of the New Republic: The Tradesmen of New York City in the Age of Jefferson. New York: New York University Press, 1979. xviii, 340 p. ISBN 0814773796; OCLC 4491717; LC Call Number HD2346.U52 N5524; Dewey 301.44/42. Citations: 82. Holdings: 506. Studies New York artisans in the early nineteenth century, focusing on economic influences on them, social status and mobility, and production methods. Contends that laborers developed political identities and tactics that would "inform labor movements in the following generations." AHR 85: 461; JAH 67: 126; Labor Hist 22: 603-606; U 104: 104; WMQ 38: 143-45. 317 Sheppard, Jill. The "Redlegs" of Barbados: Their Origins and History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1977. xiv, 147 p. ISBN 0527822302; OCLC 2967677; LC Call Number HC157.B353 P617; Dewey 301.44/1. Citations: 15. Holdings: 330. Explores the world of the "Redlegs," Barbadian poor whites, who originally came as indentured servants, and were later joined by felons and British political prisoners. Finds that, with the development of slavery on Barbados, Redlegs became rural subsistence farmers and adopted an attitude of racial superiority. AHR S3: 1130-31; U103: 185-86. 318 Stiverson, Gregory A. Poverty in a Land of Plenty: Tenancy in Eighteenth-Century Maryland. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. xv, 187 p. ISBN 0801819660; OCLC 2966180; LC Call Number HD1511.U5 S74; Dewey 333.5/3/09752. Citations: 31. Holdings: 389.

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Studies tenancy on eight manors owned by Lord Baltimore. Shows that lease holders had very little at death, small dwellings, no slaves, and no land improvements. Concludes that they were "barely distinguishable from small freeholders," but most were unable to accumulate the wealth required to buy a freehold. AHR 83: 1335; JAH65: 750; WMQ 36: 125-27.

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12 Economics and Business

319 Anderson, Terry Lee. The Economic Growth of Seventeenth-Century New England: A Measurement of Regional Income. New York: Arno Press, 1975. viii, 160 p. ISBN 0405072554; OCLC 1634702; LC Call Number HC107.A11 A83; Dewey 330.9/74. Citations: 0. Holdings: 178. Uses probate inventories to argue that New England experienced extensive, strong economic growth through the seventeenth century, averaging perhaps as much as 1.6 percent annual real per capita income growth. JEcon Hist33: 299-301; WMQ34: 160-62. 320 Andrews, Kenneth R. The Spanish Caribbean: Trade and Plunder, 15301630. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978. xi, 267 p. ISBN 0300021976; OCLC 3608726; LC Call Number HF3312 .A5; Dewey 972.9/02. Citations: 29. Holdings: 492. Studies the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the coast of Central America, the Panama Isthmus, and the Tierra Firme coast from Cartagena to the Orinoco Delta. Gives an overview of economy, society, and government in Spanish America, and the intrusions of the French, English, and Dutch throughout the sixteenth century. Concludes that colonization of the region resulted from economic decline. AHR 84: 596-97; Econ Hist Rev 33: 145-46; U103: 1978. 321 Arbuckle, Robert D. Pennsylvania Speculator and Patriot: The Entrepreneurial John Nicholson, 1757-1800. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975. 266 p. ISBN 0271011688; OCLC 835337; LC Call Number HC102.5.N5 A7; Dewey 332/.092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 356. Offers a biography of Nicholson, an active post-Revolutionary land speculator. Shows that Nicholson misused his position as controller-general of Pennsylvania

86 Books on Early American History and Culture to acquire 6,000 square miles of frontier land, supported internal improvements, and started a number of manufacturing enterprises that failed. JAH62: 976-77; U100: 2240; WMQ 33: 174-76. 322 Archibald, Robert. The Economic Aspects of the California Missions. Washington, D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan History, 1978. xiii, 196 p. OCLC 4152035; LC Call Number F864 .A65; Dewey 330.9/794/02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 164. Examines the economic role of missions, arguing that Franciscan missions were vital to the survival of the colony through 1810. Notes that missions struggled early on, but that they improved the efficiency and production of crafts and agricultural products and thus quickly helped California go "from a struggling frontier bastion to virtual economic independence." AHR 84: 1471-72. 323 Brock, Leslie V. The Currency of the American Colonies, 1700-1764: A Study in Colonial Finance and Imperial Relations. New York: Arno Press, 1975. ix, 601 p. ISBN 0405072570; OCLC 1678302; LC Call Number HG508 .B7; Dewey 332.4/973. Citations: 23. Holdings: 244. Examines each colony's individual decisions regarding currency, the medium of exchange each used, and the financial policy each followed. Sketches English reactions to colonial currency, especially by merchants, Parliament, and the Board of Trade. Traces the transition of British policy on colonial currency from acceptance and leniency to hostility and rigidity. JAH 64: 752-53; WMQ 34: 494-96. 324 Campbell, Marjorie Wilkins. Northwest to the Sea: A Biography of William McGillivray. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1975. xiv, 230 p. ISBN 0772010278; OCLC 2199986; LC Call Number F1060.7.M12 C25; Dewey 381/.439/00924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 123. Presents a biography of McGillivray, chief superintendent of the North West Company from 1799 to 1821, originally published in 1962. Covers rivalries with Selkirk, Astor, and the Hudson's Bay Company. CHR 58: 313-14. 325 Carr, Lois Green and David William Jordan. Maryland's Revolution of Government, 1689-1692. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1974. xviii, 321 p. ISBN 0801407931; OCLC 827832; LC Call Number F184 .C29; Dewey 320.9/752/02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 545. Argues that there was no real revolution in Maryland between 1689 and 1692 because Crown governance did not result in any significant change in governors. Finds that Protestant conflict with Baltimore after 1689 did not change the lives of ordinary residents because local government operated as it always had to insure stability and order. AHR 80: 713-14; APSR 71: 694-95; JAH 61: 1076-77; WMQ 32: 518-21. 326 Carroll, Charles F. The Timber Economy of Puritan New England. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1973. xiii, 221 p. ISBN 0870571427;

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OCLC 7116262; LC Call Number HD9757.A1 C35; Dewey 380.1/41/490974. Citations: 12. Holdings: 529. Focuses on northern New England forest products, the influence of the forest on settlers, and the impact of settlers on forest ecology. Presents background on the role of timber in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England. Finds that England imported relatively little wood from the colonies because of prohibitively high freight charges, but that the colonies found other markets. Notes that by the early eighteenth century over a half million acres of forest had been cleared for farming. Includes appendices on timber shipping tonnage and ship departures from Boston between 1662 and 1717. AHR 80: 1039-40; WMQ 31: 686-88. 327 Catanzariti, John. The Papers of Robert Morris. 1781-1784. Vol. 3: October I, 1781-January 10, 1782. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977. 616 p. OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302 .M82; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 659. Provides both diary entries and official correspondence of Morris. Covers difficulties obtaining supplies, negotiations with the French and individual states, and problems with debt and credit. AHR 83: 1340-41; JAH65: 724-26. 328 Clemens, Paul G. E. The Atlantic Economy and Colonial Maryland's Eastern Shore: From Tobacco to Grain. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1980. 249 p. ISBN 080141251X; OCLC 5727063; LC Call Number HC107.M32 E323; Dewey 330.9/752/1. Citations: 81. Holdings: 582. Studies the Eastern Shore of Maryland from settlement through the ups and downs of the tobacco economy. Considers economics, land use and distribution, immigration, population growth, and the social order. Describes dependency on tobacco in the early eighteenth century and wheat's introduction as an alternate cash crop. AHR 86: 200; Econ Hist Rev 34: 682-83; J Soc Hist 15: 550-52; WMQ 38: 52123. 329 Clokey, Richard M. William H Ashley : Enterprise and Politics in the Trans-Mississippi West. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1980. xiii, 305 p. ISBN 0806115254 (hbk.); ISBN 0521295424 (pbk.); OCLC 5354436; LC Call Number F592.A84 C55; Dewey 978/.02/0924. Citations: 14. Holdings: 496. Presents a biography of Ashley, an entrepreneur, trader, land speculator, militia commander in the War of 1812, and lieutenant governor of Missouri. Discusses his fur trading partnerships with Andrew Henry and Jedediah Smith, and service in Congress, as well as his personal affairs and social life. AHRS5: 1261-62; U105: 196. 330 Clowse, Converse D. Economic Beginnings in Colonial South Carolina: 1670-1730. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission by the University of South Carolina Press, 1971. ix, 283 p. ISBN

88 Books on Early American History and Culture 0872491862; OCLC 117739; LC Call Number HC107.S7 C56; Dewey 330.9757/02. Citations: 23. Holdings: 412. Describes the economic role of agriculture in early South Carolina, the importance of slavery and the cultivation of rice, proprietorship and land policy, and paper currency. Emphasizes differences between merchants and planters. JAH5%: 715-716; WMQ 31: 512-13. 331 Coleman, Peter J. Debtors and Creditors in America: Insolvency, Imprisonment for Debt, and Bankruptcy, 1607-1900. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1974. xiii, 303 p. ISBN 0870201417; OCLC 801518; LC Call Number KF1501 .C64; Dewey 346/.73/07709. Citations: 73. Holdings: 441. Studies borrowing and lending in American history through the era in which bankruptcy relief was enacted. Examines imprisonment for debt, the law of borrowing, and the relationship between borrower and lender. Finds that New England colonies and states were hesitant to offer bankruptcy relief, that the situation was more flexible in the Mid-Atlantic, and uncertain and variable in the South. AHR 81: 649-50; JAH 62: 663-64; J Econ Lit 15: 98-99; WMQ 32: 359-61. 332 Crouse, Maurice A. The Public Treasury of Colonial South Carolina. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission by the University of South Carolina Press, 1977. xiii, 142 p. ISBN 0872492559; OCLC 2633269; LC Call Number HJ687 .C76; Dewey 336.757. Citations: 2. Holdings: 187. Discusses public finance in colonial South Carolina and the influence of the treasury on the general economy. Covers currency, duties, taxes, and administrators. Concludes that by the 1760s the tax structure represented "no special burden to the average South Carolinian." AHR 83: 512-13. 333 Crowley, J. E. This Sheba, Self: The Conceptualization of Economic Life in Eighteenth-Century America. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. xi, 161 p. ISBN 0801815797; OCLC 827877; LC Call Number BR115.E3 C76; Dewey 301.5/5. Citations: 65. Holdings: 519. Claims that in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries "views on the relationship between self and society were at the core of considerations about men's livelihoods," that relationships were viewed in moral terms, and that acquisitiveness and egocentrism were distrusted. AHR 81: 440; Hist Pol Econ 9: 442; JAH 62: 965-66; WMQ 32: 646-48. 334 D'Allaire, Micheline. Montee et declin d'une famille noble: les Ruette d'Auteuil (1617-1737). Ville LaSalle, Quebec: Hurtubise HMH, 1980. 303 p. ISBN 2890454533; OCLC 6986947; LC Call Number CT286 .A44; Dewey 971.01/8/0922. Citations: 1. Holdings: 26. Discusses the lives of Denis-Joseph Ruette d' Auteuil (1617-1679) and his son Francis. Argues that the rise of the family was due to its noble status,

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government appointments, and intermarriage with the gentry, while its decline can be traced to bad business decisions. CHR 62: 541-43. 335 Davis, Ralph. The Rise of the Atlantic Economies. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973. xiv, 352 p. ISBN 0801408016; OCLC 769500; LC Call Number HC240 .D32; Dewey 330.9/4. Citations: 51. Holdings: 879. Presents economic histories of Spain, France, the Netherlands, England, and Portugal from the mid-fifteenth to late eighteenth centuries. Examines specifically the role of American colonies in the shifting of economic power from Germany and Mediterranean Europe to the Atlantic states. AHR 79: 1142; Econ Hist Rev 28: 155-57; J Eur Econ Hist 4: 796-98; WMQ 31: 694-95. 336 Devine, T.M. The Tobacco Lords: A Study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and Their Trading Activities, c. 1740-90. Edinburgh: Donald, 1975. xi, 209 p. ISBN 0859760103; OCLC 2048366; LC Call Number HD9141.8.G57 D48; Dewey 380.1/45/67970941443. Citations: 39. Holdings: 192. Identifies eighteenth-century Scottish tobacco merchants, examines their business practices, and discusses the impact of the Revolution on their trade. Finds that most came from middling social ranks, that there were relatively few (three or four firms controlled about half the trade), that their investments produced growth in other Scottish industries, and that financing of the tobacco trade was done mostly by individuals, not banks. Demonstrates that the Virginia tobacco trade did not collapse as a result of the Revolution, but rather Scottish merchants moved from re-export to the direct carrying trade. AHR 81: 597; Econ Hist Rev 30: 185-86; JAH 63: 105; WMQ 34: 496-98. 337 Douglas, Elisha P. The Coming of Age of American Business: Three Centuries of Enterprise, 1600-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971. xii, 606 p. ISBN 080781170X; OCLC 212041; LC Call Number HF3021 .D63; Dewey 338/.0973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 974. Focuses on the development of financial, commercial, agricultural, transportation, and manufacturing businesses. Argues that specialization largely took place in the early nineteenth century and the process of integration in the late nineteenth century. AHR 78: 142-43; Econ Hist Rev 28: 353; JAH 59: 393-95; J Bus 46: 484-85. 338 Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce and Navigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972. xv, 291 p. ISBN 0226170012; OCLC 660621; LC Call Number HF3699.M4 D85; Dewey 382/.09469/8. Citations: 26. Holdings: 392. Focuses on the Madeira, Azores, and Cape Verdes islands as vital seventeenthcentury Atlantic trading centers. Examines early settlement and various types of trade, including slave trade. WMQ 30: 671-73.

90 Books on Early American History and Culture 339 Edgar, Walter B., ed. The Letterbook of Robert Pringle. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Historical Society and the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission by the University of South Carolina Press, 1972. xxix, 905 p. ISBN 0872492400; OCLC 393666; LC Call Number HF3153 .P75; Dewey 380.1/092/4. Citations: 14. Holdings: 268. Publishes letters of Pringle, a South Carolina merchant and judge. Includes the time period April 1737 to April 1745. Covers relationships with merchants in the West Indies, England, Europe and other North American British colonies. Includes information on international relations, but focuses largely on business matters, prices, goods, and laws affecting commerce. JAH 60: 114-115; WMQ 30: 362-63. 340 Ferguson, E. James. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784. Vol. 1: February 7-July 31, 1781. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973. 504 p. ISBN 0822932679; OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302.6.M8 A35; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 29. Holdings: 659. Includes the beginnings of Morris's career as superintendent of finance. Documents cover the creation of the Bank of North America, the plan to establish a permanent revenue stream, reform of financial administration, creation of a national debt, foreign loans, making a requisition system for the army, and currency issues. AHR 80: 1042-43; JAH 61: 745-46; WMQ 31: 514-17. 341 Ferguson, E. James. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784. Vol. 2: August-September 1781. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1975. xxxv, 400 p. ISBN 0822932970; OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302.6.M8 A35; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 29. Holdings: 659. Papers cover proposals to supply the military through private firms rather than government requisition processes, payment of soldier salaries, the transport of French money from the port at Boston to the treasury in Philadelphia, proposals for the reorganization of military hospitals, and control of the navy. AHR SI: 1225-1226. 342 Ferguson, E. James. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784. Vol. 4: January 11-April 15, 1782. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978. 720 p. ISBN 0822933527; OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302.6.M8 A35; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 29. Holdings: 659. Includes documents on the role of merchants in wartime supply, Morris's daily activities as superintendent of finance and agent of marine, trade, loans, shipping, and Revolutionary politics. WMQ 40: 156-60. 343 Frese, Joseph R. and Jacob Judd, eds. Business Enterprise in Early New York. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Press, 1979. vii, 209 p. ISBN 0912882387; OCLC 5101763; LC Call Number HC107.N7 B87; Dewey 330.9/747/03. Citations: 6. Holdings: 399. Presents seven essays from an October 1978 American Economic Enterprise conference. Papers examine early national technology, colonial entrepreneurs,

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the work of Alexander Hamilton and Robert Morris, and the problems of land speculation. JAH 67: 665-66. 344 Gemery, Henry A., and Jan S. Hogendom, eds. The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade. New York: Academic Press, 1979. xvi, 448 p. ISBN 0122798503; OCLC 4638218; LC Call Number HT1322.U55; Dewey 382/.44/09. Citations: 240. Holdings: 505. Presents 16 essays from an August 1975 conference. Articles are largely quantitative and cover the trans-Saharan and East African slave trade between 600 and 1900, estimates on the magnitude of the Atlantic trade and its mortality rates, the impact of slavery on kinship and mode of production in West Africa, "slave marketing," the slave trade of the Bight of Benin and Angola, consumption patters in eighteenth-century West Africa, the early seventeenthcentury Dutch role in the slave trade, the "triangular trade," economic costs of the trade to West Africa, the economics of the replacement of indentured servitude with slavery, and Denmark's abolition of the slave trade. AHR 85: 603; Econ Hist Rev 35: 149-50; JAH 67: 898; J Econ Lit 18: 595-96. 345 Gibson, James R. Imperial Russia in Frontier America: The Changing Geography of Supply of Russian America, 1784-1867. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. x, 257 p. OCLC 2085278; LC Call Number F907 .G52; Dewey 979.8/02. Citations: 18. Holdings: 614. Focuses on the activities of the Russian American Company and the Russian government in the American fur trade. Notes that finding adequate provisions, labor, and agricultural techniques were difficult and ultimately resulted in failure. AHR 82: 178. 346 Goldstein, Jonathan. Philadelphia and the China Trade, 1682-1846: Commercial, Cultural, and Attitudinal Effects. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. 121 p. ISBN 0271005122; OCLC 2798259; LC Call Number HF3163.P5 G64; Dewey 382/.09748/11051. Citations: 17. Holdings: 453. Surveys Philadelphia's trade with China in the colonial and early national periods. Finds that the East India Company's grip on trade was broken by the Revolution and allowed Philadelphia merchants to carry about one-third of America's China trade. Discusses Philadelphia's opinions on the opium trade, the impact of traders' fortunes on the larger Philadelphia economy and philanthropy, the effect on trade industries like shipbuilding and agriculture, and material and cultural aspects (e.g. wallpaper, furnishings, etc.). AHR 84: 257-5%; JAH66: 137; WMQ36: 152-55. 347 Gregory, Frances W. Nathan Appleton: Merchant and Entrepreneur, 1779-1861. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975. xix, 358 p. ISBN 0813905613; OCLC 1174495; LC Call Number HF3023.A6 G73; Dewey 338.7/67/700924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 336.

92 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes the transformation of Appleton from New England merchant to textile entrepreneur. Notes Appleton was an investor in the country's first integrated textile mill at Waltham, Massachusetts. Discusses his trading career as a partner with his brother and the fortune he made just before and during the War of 1812. AHR%\: 1228-1229; JAH64: 790; U101: 1010. 348 Gwyn, Julian. The Enterprising Admiral: The Personal Fortune of Admiral Sir Peter Warren. Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 1974. xvi, 292 pp. ISBN 0773501703; OCLC 1214325; LC Call Number HG172.W27; Dewey 332. Citations: 8. Holdings: 256. Examines the naval career of Warren (1703-1752), demonstrating that it was the source of his wealth. Discusses Warren's investments and financial management of prize fortunes from the West Indies, Louisbourg, and near Cape Ortegal. Notes that Warren purchased property in England, Ireland, Manhattan, and the New York frontier, and kept personal bonds and mortgages of New York and New England merchants and English aristocrats. Characterizes Warren as an entrepreneur and shrewd investor who gained the bulk of his fortune in prize money. CHR 58: 94-96; CJH 11: 105-107. 349 Hughes, J. R. T. Social Control in the Colonial Economy. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. vi, 178 p. ISBN 0813906237; OCLC 1500352; LC Call Number HC104 .H83; Dewey 330.9/73/02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 431. Analyzes legal, economic, and governmental controls on development, namely restrictions on participation in the economy, and circumscription of prices and quality of goods and services. Considers property and inheritance, restraints on labor, currency and resources, and taxation. Concludes that Americans did not develop a laissez-faire economy, but rather integrated many elements of the British mercantile system. JAH 63: 989-90; WMQ 34: 338-39. 350 Johnson, E.A.J. The Foundations of American Economic Freedom: Government and Enterprise in the Age of Washington. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1973. ix, 335 p. ISBN 0816606641; OCLC 713596; LC Call Number HD3616.U46 J59; Dewey 338/.0973. Citations: 10. Holdings: 589. Reviews late eighteenth-century public debates about economic issues, which gave way to "conscious and unashamed acceptance of a system of politicoeconomic pluralism." Notes that the system favored by the Framers was pragmatic, and that it married the ideas of government intervention and free enterprise. JAH 61: 170-71; WMQ 31: 330-32. 351 Jones, Alice Hanson. American Colonial Wealth: Documents and Methods. New York: Arno Press, 1977. 3 vols. ISBN 0405055463; OCLC 2632497; LC Call Number HC104 J66; Dewey 339.4. Citations: 62. Holdings: 370.

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Describes estate documents, inventories, and probate records, and reproduces a sample of the inventories used in the analysis. Discusses methodology of estimating wealth in the colonies and its regional distribution. AHR 83: 793-94; Econ Hist Rev 32: 452-53; JAH 65: 747; J Econ Hist 41: 41520; WMQ 39: 359-65. 352 Jones, Alice Hanson. Wealth of a Nation To Be: The American Colonies on the Eve of the Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. xxxvi, 494 p. ISBN 0231036590; OCLC 5942603; LC Call Number HC104 J67; Dewey 330.973/027. Citations: 157. Holdings: 851. Compares the wealth and income of American colonists with eighteenth century individuals in other countries. Discusses aggregate and per capita wealth, and the forms and distribution of wealth. AHR 86: 644; JAH 68: 113; J Econ Hist 41: 415-20; J Econ Lit 20: 90-91. 353 Kershaw, Gordon E. The Kennebeck Proprietors, 1749-1775: "Gentlemen of Large Property & Judicious Men". Somersworth: New Hampshire Publishing, 1975. xvi, 343 p. ISBN 0912274492; OCLC 1416365; LC Call Number F27.K3K47; Dewey 974.1/6/04. Citations: 4. Holdings: 196. Shows how wealthy Massachusetts men formed the Kennebeck Purchase Company to engage in land speculation. Examines the land purchased, its settlement, the operation of the Company, and figures like Silvester Gardiner and James Bowdoin, their interactions with government, and the connections of the Company to pre-Revolutionary events. AHR 81: 1221; U100: 1920; WMQ 33: 348-50. 354 Lang, James. Conquest and Commerce: Spain and England in the Americas. New York: Academic Press, 1975. vii, 261 p. ISBN 0124364500; OCLC 1103023; LC Call Number F1410 .L29; Dewey 325/.37/094. Citations: 18. Holdings: 546. Examines economic interests of Spain and England in America, noting that in both cases "state power was closely associated with commercial hegemony." Finds that in Spain's case, though, "the economic interests and needs of the colonists in the long run determined the nature of the economy," while in England economic policy was determined from the top down and was "an enormous success both commercially and strategically." AHR 81: 1219-1220; Am J Soc 82: 1103-1105; JAH 62: 957-58; WMQ 33: 69294. 355 McCusker, John J. Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 16001775: A Handbook. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1977. 367 p. ISBN 0807812846; OCLC 2614444; LC Call Number HG219 .M33; Dewey 332.4/5/0212. Citations: 116. Holdings: 696. Provides a guide "to convert a sum stated in one money into its equivalent in another money." Gives tabular information on rates of exchange and transatlantic payment methods over time.

94 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 87: 149; Econ Hist Rev 34: 675-76; JAH 66: 373; U 103: 658; WMQ 35: 738-39. 356 Miquelon, Dale. Dugard of Rouen: French Trade to Canada and the West Indies, 1729-1770. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1978. xi, 282 p. ISBN 0773502998; OCLC 4881910; LC Call Number HF489.D82 M56; Dewey 380.1/06/544. Citations: 17. Holdings: 227. Examines trade between France and French colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Focuses on the life of the trader Dugard, the finances of his enterprises, and his movement later in his career to government subsidized trade and monopolies. AHR 84: 1504; CHR 62: 71-73; CJH 14: 470-72; WMQ 36: 642-43. 357 Mitchell, Robert D. Commercialism and Frontier: Perspectives on the Early Shenandoah Valley. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977. xiv, 251 p. ISBN 081390661X; OCLC 2372792; LC Call Number HD211.V8 M58; Dewey 333.7097559 M68c. Citations: 64. Holdings: 438. Seeks "to examine how the processes of commercialization influenced land utilization and social evolution in newly settled areas over time and to evaluate the degree to which the emerging structures and patterns may have been modified by considerations of environmental variation, external political control, and different cultural heritages." Sees frontier areas between 1720 and 1810 "as progressing from a brief phase of primary subsistence and nascent commercialism through various degrees of commercialism" and "westward settlement expansion as a process of diffusion of a steadily increasing commercial bias." AHR 83: 794-95; Can Rev Am Stds 9: 193-99; JAH 65: 764; WMQ 36: 634-36. 358 Nish, Cameron. Francois-Etienne Cugnet, 1719-1751: Entrepreneur et enterprises en Nouvelle-France. Montreal: Fides, 1975. xxxi, 185 p. ISBN 0775505587; OCLC 2949189; LC Call Number F1053.C8 N6x; Dewey 330.9. Citations: 4. Holdings: 40. Examines Cugnet's career in Canada from his arrival in 1719 to his death in 1751, including his political, administrative, and business interests. Focuses on his fur trade, breeding, iron producing, tobacco exporting and glue manufacturing enterprises, arguing that Cugnet was representative of an eighteenth-century merchant class in Canada. AHR 82: 1366-67; CHR 59: 222-24. 359 Norton, Thomas Elliott. The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1974. x, 243 p. ISBN 0299064204; OCLC 698662; LC Call Number HD9944.U46 N45; Dewey 380.1/45/675309747. Citations: 21. Holdings: 588. Focuses on the fur trade around Albany, which by its municipal charter had a monopoly. Traces the evolution of the trade through court battles, relationships with the Iroquois, struggles with Quebec, and ending with the American Revolution. Presents a positive view of Dutch traders in and around Albany.

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CHR 58: 347-48; CJH 11: 411-12; JAH 62: 375-76; J Ethnic Stds 3: 111-13; WMQ 32: 515-517. 360 Ogden, Adele. The California Sea Otter Trade, 1784-1848. Millwood, N. Y., Kraus Reprint, 1974. xi, 251 p. OCLC 1330388; LC Call Number SH364 .04; Dewey 639.11 034c. Citations: 9. Holdings: 358. Reprints a 1941 book. Studies California sea otter hunters, focusing on initial American-Russian cooperation and Americans' negotiations with Spanish and Mexican authorities. Includes an appendix of vessels involved in the trade. AHR SI: 1232. 361 Papenfuse, Edward C. In Pursuit of Profit: The Annapolis Merchants in the Era of the American Revolution, 1763-1805. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. xi, 288 p. ISBN 0801815738; OCLC 1092556; LC Call Number HF3163.A4 P36; Dewey 330.9/752/5602. Citations: 20. Holdings: 456. Discusses the efforts of merchants to make Annapolis a regional center of commerce, much as Charleston was for the planters of South Carolina. Argues that they had succeeded partially before the Revolution and that afterwards geography dictated that Baltimore would overtake Annapolis in trade and as a center of high society. AHR 81: 442; JAH 62: 970-71; J Urban Hist 5: 241-53; WMQ33: 158-60. 362 Perkins, Edwin J. The Economy of Colonial America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. xii, 177 p. ISBN 0231049587 (hbk.); ISBN 0231049595 (pbk.); OCLC 6278507; LC Call Number HC104 .P47; Dewey 330.973/02. Citations: 57. Holdings: 1212. Surveys the colonial economy, covering foreign and domestic commerce, demographics, labor, currency, taxes, and living standards. Finds that "The distribution of wealth in agricultural areas changed very little over the eighteenth century" and that "the degree of economic regulation and the level of imperial taxation were not significant causes of the War for Independence." AHR 86: 915; Econ Hist Rev 35: 649-50; JAH 68: 359; J Econ Lit 19: 1586-88; LJ 106: 446-47; WMQ 40: 630-32. 363 Powell, H. Benjamin. Philadelphia's First Fuel Crisis; Jacob Cist and the Developing Market for Pennsylvania Anthracite. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. 167 p. ISBN 0271005335; OCLC 3844116; LC Call Number HD9547.P4 P63; Dewey 338.2/7/2509748. Citations: 4. Holdings: 330. Discusses the importance of coal in early Pennsylvania, focusing on the role of Cist in popularizing anthracite. AHRS4: 1149; JAH 66: 640. 364 Price, Jacob M. Capital and Credit in British Overseas Trade: The View from the Chesapeake, 1770-1776. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980. viii, 233 p. ISBN 0674094808; OCLC 6222824; LC Call Number HC110.C3 P75; Dewey 332/.041/0975518. Citations: 53. Holdings: 341.

96 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes the capital used in the expansion of plantation economics of eighteenth-century Virginia and Maryland. Specifically considers personal wealth, banking, long-term borrowing, and merchant credit. Finds that borrowing from banks was not common, while trade credit was crucial. AHR 86: 837; Econ Hist Rev 35: 148; JAH 69: 962; WMQ 39: 527-29. 365 Price, Jacob M. France and the Chesapeake: A History of the French Tobacco Monopoly, 1674-1791, and of Its Relationship to the British and American Tobacco Trades. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1973. xxii, 1239 p. ISBN 047208738X; OCLC 633475; LC Call Number HD9145.F72P75; Dewey 382/.41/3710944. Citations: 70. Holdings: 404. Studies the tobacco monopoly in France between 1674 and 1791, foreign buying of tobacco, especially in Britain, and the effect of the American Revolution on the French tobacco trade. Contends that the French used elaborate accounting techniques and were remarkably efficient managers. CHR 57: 93-95; Econ Hist Rev 27: 507-509; JAH 60: 1093-96; WMQ 31: 14243. 366 Rainbolt, John C. From Prescription to Persuasion: Manipulation of Eighteenth Century Virginia Economy. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1974. viii, 218 p. ISBN 080469057X; OCLC 902472; LC Call Number HC107.V8R34; Dewey 330.9/755/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 423. Discusses the limiting of tobacco cultivation and the push to develop other products for the purposes of economic diversification. Notes that the policy was unsuccessful in the seventeenth century because it was coercive and was forced on Virginians by English leaders. Finds that the eighteenth-century effort focused more on persuasion from Virginia-born leaders. Concludes that both approaches failed, but helped Virginians to understand better the imperial relationship, politics, and society. AHR SO: 1384; JAH 61: 1080-81; WMQ 32: 135-37. 367 Ray, Arthur J. and Donald B. Freeman. "Give Us Good Measure": An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudson's Bay Company before 1763. Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1978. xvi, 298 p. ISBN 0802054188 (hbk.); ISBN 0802063349 (pbk.); OCLC 5076476; LC Call Number E78.C2 R34; Dewey 971.01. Citations: 63. Holdings: 314. Analyzes the economics of the fur trade using the account books of the Hudson's Bay Company between roughly 1670 and 1770. Asserts that in this period the Indian focus shifted from a non-market to a market orientation in which pricing became important. AHR 84: 1503-1504; CHR 61: 219-21; Ethnohistory 28: 287-89; JAH 66: 904. 368 Riley, G. Michael. Fernando Cortes and the Marquesado in Morelos, 1522-1547: A Case Study in the Socioeconomic Development of SixteenthCentury Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1973. 168 p. ISBN 0826302637; OCLC 622032; LC Call Number HC137.M6 R55; Dewey 333.3/232/09724. Citations: 14. Holdings: 417.

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Summarizes the formation and operation of the Morelos portion of the Cortes estate in New Spain. Argues that this area produced a significant part of the estate's total revenues after 1531. AHR79: 1676-77. 369 Seaburg, Carl and Stanley Paterson. Merchant Prince of Boston: Colonel T H Perkins, 1764-1854. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971. xi, 478 p. ISBN 0674569105; OCLC 221396; LC Call Number HF3023.P46 S42; Dewey 380,1/0924 B. Citations: 13. Holdings: 439. Provides a biography of Perkins with emphasis on his entrepreneurship in shipping, ironworks, hotels, and railroads. AHR 79: 575. 370 Shepherd, James F. and Gary M. Walton. Shipping, Maritime Trade, and the Economic Development of Colonial North America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972. ix, 255 p. ISBN 0521084091; OCLC 515919; LC Call Number HF3025 .S717; Dewey 382/.0973. Citations: 84. Holdings: 540. Examines overseas commerce in early America, emphasizing shuttle voyages, the effect of distribution costs on production, and the importance of shipping. Argues that the African trade was relatively insignificant, but that revenue from tobacco shipments and cargo services were extremely valuable. AHR 81: 441-42; CHR 55: 342-43; Econ Hist Rev 27: 509-510; JAH 60: 424-26; WMQ 30: 332-34. 371 Sheridan, Richard B. Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. xiii, 529 p. ISBN 0801815800; OCLC 934359; LC Call Number HC157.B8 S5; Dewey 330.9/729. Citations: 96. Holdings: 592. Traces the economy of the West Indies from European settlement through the beginning of the American Revolution. Examines politics, the Navigation Acts, sugar consumption, and the economic development of Jamaica, Barbados, and the Leeward Islands. Finds that English merchant bankers were vital in creating increased sugar production from investment. Econ Hist Rev 29: 182-83; JAH 61: 1075-76; J Econ Lit 13: 497-99; WMQ 32: 333-35. 372 Smith, James K. Alexander Mackenzie, Explorer: The Hero Who Failed. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1973. x, 190 p. ISBN 0070776199; OCLC 810236; LC Call Number F1060.7 .M252; Dewey 971.9/01/0924. Citations: 5. Holdings: 135. Evaluates Mackenzie's achievements as an explorer and fur trader. Demonstrates that he failed to find the sought-after route to the Pacific and was unable to break the Hudson's Bay Company monopoly and establish a viable transcontinental fur trade system. CHR 56: 202-203.

98 Books on Early American History and Culture 373 Tarrade, Jean, he commerce colonial de la France a la fin de VAncien Regime: Uevolution du regime de "VExclusif de 1763 a 1789. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1972. 2 vols. OCLC 932158; LC Call Number HC275 .T37; Dewey 382.0944. Citations: 32. Holdings: 101. Explores French colonial trade between 1763 and 1789, focusing on policy and administration. Looks at the influence of the due de Dubuc, Jean-Baptiste Praslin, Antoine-Gabriel de Sartine, and the marquis de Castries. Notes that the trade mainly occurred in the West Indies and involved sugar, coffee, chocolate, codfish, and slaves. AHR 79: 519-20. 374 Taylor, Robert J. The Susquehannah Company Papers. Vol. 10: 17891800; Vol. 11: 1801-1808. xiii, 606 pp.; xxxvii, 565 p. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press for Wyoming Historical & Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1971. OCLC 2896572; LC Call Number F157.W9 S97; Dewey 974.8. Citations: 2. Holdings: 398. Includes papers regarding Van Home's Lesee v. Dorrance, continuing disputes over land ownership between Pennsylvania and Connecticut, and agreements worked out in the Compromise Act by Thomas Cooper and Tench Coxe. AHR 77: 1176-77; WMQ 30: 176-78. 375 Van Winter, Pieter J. American Finance and Dutch Investment, 17801805: With an Epilogue to 1840. New York: Arno Press, 1977. 2 vols. ISBN 040509860X; OCLC 2985383; LC Call Number HJ247 .R54; Dewey 382/.09492/073. Citations: 5. Holdings: 94. Provides an English translation of a history of the U.S.-Dutch financial relationship. Finds that Amsterdam merchant bankers invested greatly in America between 1782 and 1805, and notes that Dutch loans assisted in New York land speculation, U.S. internal improvements, and the Louisiana purchase. AHRS3: 1274-75; JAH 65: 1108. 376 Walker, Geoffrey J.. Spanish Politics and Imperial Trade, 1700-1789. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979. xvii, 297 p. ISBN 0253121507; OCLC 4193137; LC Call Number HF3686 .W35; Dewey 382/.0946/08. Citations: 32. Holdings: 430. Focuses on early eighteenth-century Spanish imperial trade, particularly policy and difficulties encountered by convoys. AHR 88: 223; U104: 2459-60. 377 Walton, Gary M. and James F. Shepherd. The Economic Rise of Early America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. x, 226 p. ISBN 0521222826 (hbk.); ISBN 0521294339 (pbk.); OCLC 4136417; LC Call Number HF3025 .W34; Dewey 390.1/0973. Citations: 42. Holdings: 583. Describes commerce in English North America through 1792. Attributes growth to expanding foreign trade and argues that wealth and standard of living grew greatly in the seventeenth century, along with social inequality. AHR 85: 457; CJH 15: 119-20; WMQ 38: 314-315.

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378 Weber, David J. The Taos Trappers: The Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971. xiii, 263 p. ISBN 0806109440; OCLC 141247; LC Call Number HD9944.U46 S67; Dewey 338.3/72/9. Citations: 25. Holdings: 587. Describes trappers in Mexico's northern frontier who spent their winters in Taos. Finds that skins and pelts "probably constituted New Mexico's chief export item at the end of the Spanish period." Notes that, as a result, there existed intense competition among Spaniards, the French, and Americans in the area. AHR 78: 726-27; JAH 59: 141.

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13 Society

379 Alexander, John K. Render Them Submissive: Responses to Poverty in Philadelphia, 1760-1800. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980. xi, 234 p. ISBN 0870232894; OCLC 5564421; LC Call Number HV4046.P5 A4; Dewey 362.5/09748/11. Citations: 47. Holdings: 432. Analyzes the response of Philadelphia to poverty during the Revolutionary era. Argues that Philadelphia elites used poor relief, medical aid, and education to "defuse what they perceived as the potential danger from below." AHR 86: 207; JAH 68: 121; J Econ Lit 19: 104-106; Labor Hist 26: 151-53; U 105: 1161; WMQ3S: 305-308. 380 Ames, Susie M., ed. County Records of Accomack-Northampton, Virginia, 1640-1645. Charlottesville: Published for the Virginia Historical Society by University Press of Virginia, 1973. xviii, 494 p. ISBN 0813903947; OCLC 782451; LC Call Number KFV2916.A93 A7; Dewey 929/.375515 19. Citations: 10. Holdings: 284. Transcribes the records of Accomack-Northampton County, including those of Monthly and County Courts. Covers civil and criminal case records, wills, inventories and appraisals, depositions, bills of sale, gifts, deeds, leases, assignments, powers of attorney, bills obligatory, and arbitration awards. Also includes some commissions, oaths, and gubernatorial orders and proclamations. AJLH 19: 78-82; WMQ 34: 501-503. 381 Ammerman, David L., and Thad W. Tate, eds. The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American Society. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 1979. viii, 310 p. ISBN 0807813605; OCLC

102 Books on Early American History and Culture 4593701; LC Call Number F187.C5 C46; Dewey 975.5/18. Citations: 215. Holdings: 872. Includes nine essays on the early Chesapeake region. Articles cover historiography, emigration of servants to the area, environment, disease and mortality, marriage and family, settlement patterns, freedmen, politics and native-bom elites in Maryland, and English and Creole elites in Virginia. AHR 86:452; JAH67: 900; WMQ3S: 115-121. 382 Baltzell, E. Digby. Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia: Two Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Class Authority and Leadership. New York: Free Press, 1979. xii, 585 p. ISBN 0029013208; OCLC 5219749; LC Call Number F73.3 .B33; Dewey 974.4/61. Citations: 97. Holdings: 1255. Discusses class authority and leadership, the European origins of American culture, and the development of institutions. Finds that upper class leadership existed in Puritan Boston, but not Quaker Philadelphia. Argues "that Bostonians, whether Puritans, Unitarians, Episcopalians, Catholics, Jews, agnostics, or atheists, have continued to be influenced by the hierarchical communalism of Puritanism, just as their counterparts in Philadelphia are still infected by the egalitarian individualism of the Quaker founders of the holy experiment." AHR 86: 199-200; Am J Soc 88: 435-39; JAH 68: 351; J Soc Hist 15: 289-90; New Republic 182 (28 June 80): 36-37. 383 Bartlett, Richard A. The New Country: A Social History of the American Frontier, 1776-1890. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 487 p. ISBN 0195017382; OCLC 1069434; LC Call Number HN57 .B34; Dewey 917.8/03/2. Citations: 28. Holdings: 1526. Describes the movement of settlers to the frontier, their origins, their primary occupations, the clearing of forests, transportation, the roles of women and laborers, education on the frontier, and urbanization. AHR 81: 206; JAH 62: 382-83; New Republic 171 (21 Dec 74): 18-19. 384 Booth, Sally Smith. Seeds of Anger: Revolts in America, 1607-1771. New York: Hastings House, 1977. xiii, 301 p. ISBN 0803867425; OCLC 2984277; LC Call Number E188 .B74; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 580. Describes popular revolts from Jamestown to the Revolutionary era. Notes that most involved yeomen against gentry or Crown officials, religious disagreements, and slave foments or Indian uprisings, and that most took place in the South. AHR 84: 541; JAH 65: 748; U102: 2060. 385 Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974. xxi, 231 p. ISBN 0674785258; OCLC 851371; LC Call Number BF1576 .B6; Dewey 301.2/1. Citations: 171. Holdings: 1949. Studies the roles of various groups in the 1692 persecutions, from farmers to businessmen to clergy. Contends that the Salem witch trials resulted from social divisions created by "emergent mercantile capitalism."

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AHRSO: 1381; Am Lit 46: 422; Atl Month 233 (Apr 74): 120; CHR 57: 331-32; JAH6X: 1077-79; J Soc Hist 8: 151-53; JFM032: 137-39. 386 Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum, eds. Salem-Village Witchcraft: A Documentary Record of Local Conflict in Colonial New England. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Publishing, 1972. xxv, 416 p. ISBN 0534001130; OCLC 309207; LC Call Number BF1575 .B68; Dewey 133.4/3/097445. Citations: 13. Holdings: 660. Collects documents largely from Salem village records and Samuel Parris's book of sermons. Covers land and church disputes, and includes tables and maps. Views witchcraft "primarily as the particular (and particularly dramatic) outlet through which the almost unbearable conflicts and tensions generated within their small agricultural settlement found expression." WMQ 30: 528-29. 387 Boyer, Paul and Stephen Nissenbaum The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft. New York: Da Capo Press, 1977. 3 vols. ISBN 0306706555; OCLC 2964217; LC Call Number KFM2478.8.W5 S24; Dewey 345/.744/0288. Citations: 71. Holdings: 368. Publishes in three volumes legal documents related to the Salem witch trials derived from WPA transcripts (1938), but including a previously excluded death warrant and documents related to the case of John Willard. AHR 84: 538-39; JAH65: 1093. 388 Brathwaite, Edward. The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1971. xvi, 374p. ISBN 0198231636; OCLC 240306; LC Call Number F1884 .B7; Dewey 309.1/7292/033. Citations: 97. Holdings: 413. Contends that at the end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth, Jamaican blacks and whites created a distinctive Creole culture, one that was neither British nor African. AHR 78: IS5-S6; Am J Soc 79: 1059-61. 389 Brown, Jennifer S. H. Strangers in Blood: Fur Trade Company Families in Indian Country. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980. xxiii, 255 p. ISBN 0774801255; OCLC 6675286; LC Call Number F1060.7 .B76; Dewey 971.03. Citations: 93. Holdings: 458. Examines the role of families among fur trade companies in the St. Lawrence valley and Hudson Bay, particularly the place of children from European men and Indian women. Finds that the Hudson's Bay Company's permanent and remote trading posts encouraged stable relationships, marriage, and a role in the company for the children of Indian women and European men. Contrasts this situation with the North West Company in the more accessible St. Lawrence valley, whose traders maintained closer ties to regions in Britain, and thus did not have permanent relationships with Indian women. Finds that the situation changed as business interests merged, and as more European women, clergy, and educators moved into fur trading areas.

104 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 87: 291; CHR 62: 342-43; Ethnohistory 83: 231-32; WMQ 39: 240-41. 390 Brown, Richard D. Modernization: The Transformation of American Life, 1600-1865. New York: Hill and Wang, 1976. 229 p. ISBN 0809069806 (hbk.); ISBN 080900125X (pbk.); OCLC 2331648; LC Call Number HN54 .B76; Dewey 309.1/73. Citations: 106. Holdings: 947. Traces the transition of American society from essentially English, traditionalist and medieval to distinctly American and "modem." Finds significant change over the course of 250 years in thinking, lifestyles, institutions, and work. CJH 14: 288-90; JAH 65: 125; J Soc Hist 11: 580-82; U 101: 2060; WMQ 34: 656-57. 391 Charbonneau, Hubert. Vie et mort de nos ancetres: etude demographique. Montreal: Universite de Montreal, 1975. 267 p. ISBN 084050313X; OCLC 2092088; LC Call Number HB3530.Q4 C47; Dewey 301.32/9/714. Citations: 43. Holdings: 81. Examines seventeenth-century Canadian demographics and compares them to other North American regions and Europe. Finds a mean marriage age of 22 for females and 27.6 for males, a prenuptial conception rate of 4.5%, a mortality rate of 20% for children under ten years old, a typical two-year span between births, and a mean 7.7 children per couple. Concludes that the Canadian profile was similar to that of New England. AHR 83: 562-63; WMQ 34: 489-91. 392 Cook, Edward M. The Fathers of the Towns: Leadership and Community Structure in Eighteenth-Century New England. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. xvii, 273 p. ISBN 0801817412; OCLC 1991091; LC Call Number JS431 .C66; Dewey 301.15/53/0974. Citations: 49. Holdings: 728. Asserts that office holding patterns indicate that 74 eighteenth-century New England towns were relatively egalitarian. Argues that poor agricultural towns were egalitarian as well (broad access to significant offices and no major social, religious, or educational differences), while commercial and political centers were more stratified. AHR 82: 731-32; CJH 12: 124-26; JAH 64: 417; J Soc Hist 11: 440-42; U 101: 1630; WMQ 34: 485-87. 393 Crandall, Ruth. Tax and Valuation Lists of Massachusetts Towns before 1776: Finding List for the Microfilm Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History, 1971. xvii, 158 p. OCLC 305151; LC Call Number HJ9255.A3. Citations: 2. Holdings: 39. Includes a sample of approximately 1,200 tax lists from 21 Massachusetts towns. Provides an introduction on colonial Massachusetts tax assessment and a discussion of various list formats. AHR 78: 146-48. 394 Flaherty, David H. Privacy in Colonial New England. Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia, 1972. xii, 287 p. ISBN 0813903394; OCLC

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422558; LC Call Number JC599.U52 Al 13. Dewey 323.44/0974. Citations: 70. Holdings: 586. Asserts that colonial New Englanders were very concerned with maintaining privacy, that they lived separately, attempted to limit crowding within their homes, and consistently tried to thwart all official forms of intrusion in their lives. AHR 78: 473-74; JAH 59: 679-81; WMQ 30: 168-70. 395 Fries, Sylvia Doughty. The Urban Idea in Colonial America. Philadelphia, Perm.: Temple University Press, 1977. xviii, 218 p. ISBN 0877221030; OCLC 3641256; LC Call Number HT167. F743; Dewey 301.36/3/0973. Citations: 13. Holdings: 538. Focuses on the planned English communities of Boston, Philadelphia, Williamsburg, and Savannah. Notes that most American settlers were from rural areas and were suspicious of cities, but hoped that New World urban areas would help create order (as in the Puritan-Augustinian image of the City of God and Perm's ideal of an extension of rural society). Finds that the founders of Williamsburg had slightly different ideas, viewing cities as symbols of urbane power and influence and a center of culture. Characterizes Savannah as the most distinctive of the colonial cities and as an integration of city and country. AHR 83: 1332; JAH 66: 374; WMQ 36: 492-93. 396 Gildrie, Richard P. Salem, Massachusetts, 1626-1683: A Covenant Community. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1975. x, 187 p. ISBN 081390532X; OCLC 1055617; LC Call Number F74.S1 G5; Dewey 917.44/5. Citations: 23. Holdings: 514. Explores the early development of Salem, emphasizing divisions among settlers according to the time and place of settlement, the impact of commerce, and inequalities of wealth and political power. AHR 81: 958-59; JAH 63: 101; WMQ 34: 487-89. 397 Gross, Robert A. The Minutemen and Their World. New York: Hill and Wang, 1976. xiii, 242 p. ISBN 0809001209; OCLC 1993277; LC Call Number F74.C8 G76; Dewey 974.2/72. Citations: 110. Holdings: 1762. Looks at the lives of ordinary people in Concord, Massachusetts prior to and immediately after the American Revolution. Suggests that before the Revolution most were simple frontier farmers who had little interest in government, but that increasing tensions with Britain made them more interested, particularly in local governance. Finds that religious divisions in the town helped shape Concordians' responses to the Revolution, as did tensions between fathers and sons over land. Concludes that, overall, the Revolution did not change Concordians much, as they remained faithful to government by elites and continued to suffer intergenerational conflict. AHR 82: 437; JAH 66: 122; U101: 894; WMQ 35: 404-406. 398 Henretta, James A. The Evolution of American Society, 1700-1815: An Interdisciplinary Analysis. Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1973. 242 p. ISBN

106 Books on Early American History and Culture 0669846082; OCLC 763546; LC Call Number HN57 .H532; Dewey 309.1/73. Citations: 75. Holdings: 576. Surveys late colonial and early national society and synthesizes recent historical scholarship. Concludes that demographic and economic growth profoundly influenced society so that "people's actions no longer conformed to accepted norms, and the extant principles of government could no longer encompass the divergent social reality." JAH6X: 465-66; WMQ 31: 510-512. 399 Hofstadter, Richard. America at 1750: A Social Portrait. New York: Knopf, 1971. xvi, 293 p. ISBN 039446589X; OCLC 183047; LC Call Number HN57 .H545; Dewey 309.1/73/026. Citations: 36. Holdings: 2141. Explores the roles of the middle class and elites in eighteenth-century American society and the impact of religious pluralism and the Great Awakening. Argues that the century was marked by increasing social and economic inequality and by exploitation of white servitude and racial slavery, but also by opportunity. AHR 77: 1502; JAH 59: 407-409. 400 Holmes, Richard. Communities in Transition: Bedford and Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1729-1850. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Press, 1980. vi, 213 p. ISBN 083571098X; OCLC 6487262; LC Call Number HN80.B45 H64; Dewey 307.7/2/097444. Citations: 2. Holdings: 272. Focuses on demographic, economic, and community change in Bedford and Lincoln. Argues that the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were critical to these towns' development from "peasant" societies to cohesive, "modern" communities. WMQ 38: 740-42. 401 Jedry, Christopher M. The World of John Cleaveland: Family and Community in Eighteenth-Century New England. New York: Norton, 1979. xiii, 234 p. ISBN 0393012700; OCLC 5126109; LC Call Number HN80.I67 J42; Dewey 309.1/744/5. Citations: 55. Holdings: 478. Studies everyday life in eighteenth-century Ipswich, Massachusetts. Contrasts the enduring Puritan communalism of Ipswich with the atomism of larger commercial centers, concluding that "stability and self-sufficiency were [Ipswich's] outstanding characteristics down to the eve of the Revolution." Analyzes the career and social role of Ipswich's pastor John Cleaveland. AHR 86: 452-53;JAH 67: 118; U104: 2569; WMQ 37: 661-65. 402 Lockhart, James, and Enrique Otte, eds. Letters and People of the Spanish Indies: Sixteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976. xiii, 267 p. ISBN 0521208831; OCLC 1863319; LC Call Number F1419.S63 L48; Dewey 980/.01. Citations: 14. Holdings: 674. Selects private letters from a variety of individuals in the Spanish Indies focusing on conquest, way of life, and administration problems. Includes an introduction and notes. AHR SI: 1284; U 101: 1014.

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403 Lockridge, Kenneth A. Literacy in Colonial New England: An Enquiry into the Social Context of Literacy in the Early Modern West. New York: Norton, 1974. xii, 164 p. ISBN 0393055221 (hbk.); ISBN 0393092631 (pbk.); OCLC 821430; LC Call Number LC152.N57 L62; Dewey 301.44/5. Citations: 142. Holdings: 634. Defines literacy in terms of an individual's ability to sign a will. Concludes that New England literacy was not as high as has been supposed and its growth was flat until the eighteenth century. Finds that the prime motivation to be literatereligion—remained constant through the colonial period. AHR 81: 203-204; CHR 57: 502-503; Econ Hist Rev 28: 741-42; JAH 62: 105106; WMQ 32: 638-40. 404 Miller, Richard G. Philadelphia-The Federalist City: A Study of Urban Politics, 1789-1801. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976. xi, 192 p. ISBN 0804691355; OCLC 1976840; LC Call Number JS1266 .M54; Dewey 320/.9748/1103. Citations: 10. Holdings: 511. Studies the development of political parties in Philadelphia during the 1790s, examining the influence of wealth and occupations, ethnicity and religion. Argues that Federalists were generally from the upper strata, and Republicans were largely from the trades and were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, Germans, and Irish. Concludes that "local conditions," not congressional contests, produced party divisions. AHR 82: 437-38; JAH 63: 1003-1004; J Urban Hist 5: 265-71; PSQ 91: 728-29; WMQ 34: 492-94. 405 Peterson, Harold L. Americans at Home: From the Colonists to the Late Victorians. New York, Scribner, 1971. xviii 205 p. ISBN 0684123444; OCLC 161112; LC Call Number NK2002 .P4; Dewey 917.3/03. Citations: 5. Holdings: 653. Examines pictures suggesting the use of objects or arrangement of rooms between 1659 and 1876. Contends that interiors "both reflect and condition attitudes, impose limitations, and provide the environment for achievement." AHR 77: 583. 406 Rohrbough, Malcolm J. The Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, Societies, and Institutions, 1775-1850. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. xiv, 444 p. ISBN 0195022092; OCLC 3609262; LC Call Number F484.3 .R64; Dewey 977/.02. Citations: 32. Holdings: 1022. Studies government, economy, religion, and society in the region between the Appalachians and the Great Plains. Finds that the pattern of institutional development had been set by 1815, that law and government structures were simply duplicated on the frontier, and that state support was much greater for southern settlers than it was for northern frontiersmen. AHR 84: 1150-51; JAH 66: 393; U103: 1746. 407 Russell, Loris. Everyday Life in Colonial Canada. Toronto: Copp Clark, 1973. 207 p. ISBN 0773040021; OCLC 995396; LC Call Number F1021 .R87; Dewey 917.1/03. Citations: 1. Holdings: 122.

108 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes "What it was like to be a colonial Canadian" between 1608 and 1867. Discusses fanning, furniture, clothing, education, and games and social activities. CHR 56: 66-67. 408 Taylor, William B. Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1979. 242 p. ISBN 0804709971; OCLC 4782683; LC Call Number F1219.3 .S57 T39; Dewey 301.44/43/0972. Citations: 175. Holdings: 553. Analyzes eighteenth-century Indian peasant communities in 29 alcaldias mayores and 72 towns in Mexico. Focuses on drinking, homicide, and rebellion around Mexico City and the Oaxaca region. Finds that after conquest Indians drank more and more frequently, but that there was no "plague of alcoholism" related to escapism. Notes that homicide was motivated by personal problems, not group, class, or political motivations, and that rebellions occurred at the same level throughout the period and were actually more common after independence. AHR 85: 240-41; CJH 15: 83-89; U104: 415.

14 Families and Children

409 Farber, Bernard. Guardians of Virtue: Salem Families in 1800. New York: Basic Books, 1972. xiv, 228 p. ISBN 0465027849; OCLC 297593; LC Call Number HQ537 .F37; Dewey 301.42/09744/5. Citations: 31. Holdings: 629. Examines family values and behavior in light of economic changes in Salem between 1790 and 1820. Finds that the Old Testament model of family organization "helped to produce certain institutional norms which persisted long after Puritanism died away and which affected the economy directly." Asserts that technological and demographic changes forced upon the family adaptations that were helpful in the transition to industrial capitalism. WMQ 30: 359-62. 410 Frost, J. William. The Quaker Family in Colonial America: A Portrait of the Society of Friends. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973. vi, 248 p. OCLC 752019; LC Call Number BX7636 .F76; Dewey 289.673. Citations: 45. Holdings: 1005. Gives background on Quaker theology and relates religious beliefs to the everyday practices of Friends. Examines Quaker childrearing, literacy, and wealth and compares them to the general population. Concludes that there was still remarkable diversity among Quakers as a group. AHR 79: 1621-22; JAH61: 458-59; WMQ32: 141-43. 411 Greven, Philip. The Protestant Temperament: Patterns of Child-Rearing, Religious Experience, and the Self in Early America. New York: Knopf, 1977. xiv, 431 p. ISBN 0394404238; OCLC 3168557; LC Call Number BR515 .G75; Dewey 301.5/8. Citations: 198. Holdings: 1485.

110 Books on Early American History and Culture Discusses the influence of early American religion on childrearing. Divides the colonial and early national Protestant temperament into three groupings: evangelicals, who believed childrearing required breaking the child's will through shame and guilt; moderates, who focused on love, duty, free will, and gradual religious conversion; and genteel parents, who indulged their children and disciplined them through surrogates. AHR 84: 248-49; EAL 13: 225-26; JAH 65: 1091; U 103: 562; WMQ 36: 29092. 412 Klein, Randolph Shipley. Portrait of an Early American Family: The Shippens of Pennsylvania across Five Generations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. ix, 373 p. ISBN 0812277007; OCLC 1918495; LC Call Number CS71.S557 K5; Dewey 929/.2/0973. Citations: 7. Holdings: 567. Examines Shippen kinship networks, with the hope of generating "new insights into many perplexing problems of social history." Traces the family from Edward Shippen (1639-1712) through five generations, and finds that the family illustrates that "the revolution in Pennsylvania was more thoroughgoing than many care to admit." AHR 81: 1229-30; JAH63: 688-89; U 101: 886; WMQ33: 702-704. 413 Laslett, Peter, ed. Household and Family in Past Time: Comparative Studies in the Size and Structure of the Domestic Group Over the Last Three Centuries in England, France, Serbia, Japan and Colonial North America, With Further Materials From Western Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1972. xii, 623 p. ISBN 0521084733; OCLC 515967; LC Call Number HQ515 X38; Dewey 301.42/1. Citations: 761. Holdings: 710. Includes essays from a 1969 Cambridge conference. Articles discuss demographic determinants, the history and evolution of the family, household size and structure in England, France, Tuscany, Corsica, the Netherlands, the Balkans, Japan, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. J Soc Hist 8: 105-118; WMQ32: 640-43. 414 Slater, Peter Gregg. Children in the New England Mind: In Death and in Life. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1977. 248 p. ISBN 020801652X; OCLC 2964823; LC Call Number BV4907 .S58; Dewey 261.8/34/314. Citations: 32. Holdings: 677. Discusses Puritan doctrines of infant damnation and juvenile depravity, as well as eighteenth- and nineteenth-century childrearing advice. Shows that Puritans warmly described their own children and rarely wrote about the damnation of children. Notes that nineteenth-century evangelicals dropped infant damnation doctrine. AHR 83: 1330; EAL 14: 240-41; JAH65: 1090; U 102: 2272; WMQ 35: 763-65. 415 Smith, Daniel Blake. Inside the Great House: Planter Family Life in Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake Society. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1980. 305 p. ISBN 0801413133; OCLC 6280672; LC Call Number HQ555.C46 S63; Dewey 306.8/09755/18. Citations: 99. Holdings: 818.

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Studies family life in eighteenth-century Virginia and Maryland, specifically "the personal values, beliefs, and emotions given expression in the daily life of the family." Finds that the family was transformed from low emotion (as a result of high mortality) in the seventeenth century to an eighteenth-century authoritarian and patriarchal institution andfinallyemotional, child-centered and nurturing entity in the mid-eighteenth century. AHR 86: 9X5-916; JAH68: 361; WMQ 39: 226-31.

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15 Rural Life and Agriculture 416 Bridenbaugh, Carl. Fat Mutton and Liberty of Conscience: Society in Rhode Island, 1636-1690. Providence: Brown University Press, 1974. xxiv, 157 p. ISBN 0870571435; OCLC 994966; LC Call Number F82 .B73; Dewey 917.45/03/2. Citations: 14. Holdings: 710. Explores commercial farming in the Narragansett region. Finds that Rhode Island was agriculturally successful and therefore able to develop trade with other colonies in grain, livestock and, eventually, crafts. AHR 81: 650-51; JAH62: 372-74; U100: 290-91; WMQ 32: 643-45. 417 Ewald, Ursula. Estudios sobre la hacienda colonial en Mexico: Las propiedades rurales del Colegio Espiritu Santo en Puebla. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1976. xix, 190 p. ISBN 351502168X; OCLC 2632889; LC Call Number HD1471.M6E8x; Dewey 338.10972. Citations: 11. Holdings: 73. Studies the rural properties owned by the Jesuit college in Mexico during the colonial period. Focuses on land near Puebla, the Huamantla area, and Mixteca Baja, giving information about acquisition, improvements, economics, labor, and disposition of lands after the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767. Concludes that the Jesuits acquired and systematically developed underused rural estates through rents, agricultural specialization, and divestiture of less valuable land. AHR 82: 779-780. 418 Frank, Andre Gunder. Mexican Agriculture, 1521-1630 : Transformation of the Mode of Production. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1979. xiv, 91 p. ISBN 0521222095; OCLC 3845262; LC Call Number HD1792 .F7; Dewey 338.1/0972. Citations: 32. Holdings: 360. Examines the early development of agricultural systems in Mexico, arguing that the Spanish got labor through debt peonage, that the hacienda system was

114 Books on Early American History and Culture essentially capitalistic, and that the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries were years of economic expansion and prosperity, not depression. AHR 85: 240; Econ Hist Rev 33: 640-43. 419 Kelsey, Darwin P., ed. Farming in the New Nation: Interpreting American Agriculture, 1790-1840. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural History Society, 1972. ii, 239 p. OCLC 713244; LC Call Number S441 .F26; Dewey 338.1/0973. Citations: 1. Holdings: 201. Presents papers from a September 1970 symposium at Old Sturbridge Village, Massachusetts, sponsored by the Agricultural History Society, Old Sturbridge Village, the Smithsonian Institution, and the United States Department of Agriculture. Essays cover agricultural historiography, science and technology in agriculture, agricultural museums, and changes in livestock, grain, and use of space in farming. WMQ 30: 358-59. 420 Konrad, Herman W. A Jesuit Hacienda in Colonial Mexico: Santa Lucia, 1576-1767. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1980. xii, 455 p. ISBN 0804710503; OCLC 7162647; LC Call Number BV2833 .K66X; Dewey 330.972/52. Citations: 37. Holdings: 334. Studies Hacienda Santa Lucia, focusing on Jesuit work in Mexico, the management and function of the hacienda, labor and everyday life, and Santa Lucia in the broader context of Mexican economics and politics. AHRS6: 1180-81. 421 Lemon, James T. The Best Poor Man's Country: A Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1972. xviii, 295 p. ISBN 0801811899; OCLC 309467; LC Call Number HD211.P4 L45; Dewey 911/.748. Citations: 193. Holdings: 768. Describes settlement and land-use patterns in seventeenth-century southeastern Pennsylvania. Argues that farming practices remained stable in the area over time and finds that the land was productive and surpluses were common. AHR 78: 475-76; CHR 56: 488-89; Econ Hist Rev 26: 547-48; JAH 59: 689-90; WMQ 29: 645-48.

16 Religion

422 Andrew, John A. III. Rebuilding the Christian Commonwealth: New England Congregationalists and Foreign Missions, 1800-1830. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1976. vii, 232 p. ISBN 0813113334; OCLC 2455725; LC Call Number BV2530 .A8; Dewey 266A5/8. Citations: 18. Holdings: 383. Finds that Congregationalists responded to internal divisions by initiating foreign missionary activities. Discusses the decline of Congregationalism and the denomination's early missions to the Sandwich Islands. AHR 82: 741-42; JAH 64: 434; WMQ 34: 350-51. 423 Baillargeon, Noel. Le Seminaire de Quebec de 1685 a 1760. QuebecPresses de TUniversite Laval, 1977. xiv, 459 p. ISBN 0774667745; OCLC 4137799; LC Call Number BX920.Q446; Dewey 207/.714471. Citations: 14. Holdings: 48. Describes the Seminaire de Quebec, concentrating on the role of Monsenieur de Saint-Vallier and various state-church conflicts and dissension within the church. Notes that the Seminary's finances were mismanaged and that leadership was deficient. CHR 60: 70-71. 424 Baker, Frank. From Wesley to Asbury: Studies in Early American Methodism. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1976. xiv, 223 p. ISBN 0822303590; OCLC 2319145; LC Call Number BX8236 .B34; Dewey 287/.0973. Citations: 6. Holdings: 645. Explores the Wesleys in Georgia, the origins of Methodism in America, the role of laypeople in the church, the work of Captain Thomas Webb, early Wesleyan preachers in America, the activities of Francis Asbury and the first Methodist

116 Books on Early American History and Culture bishop Dr. Thomas Coke, and early Methodist doctrine. Portrays American Methodism as tightly tied to the English context. AHR 83: 267; WMQ 35: 767-68. 425 Bauman, Richard. For the Reputation of Truth: Politics, Religion, and Conflict among the Pennsylvania Quakers, 1750-1800. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971. xviii, 258 p. ISBN 0801811783; OCLC 155239; LC Call Number BX7648.P4 B38; Dewey 261.7. Citations: 19. Holdings: 583. Studies disagreement among late eighteenth-century Pennsylvania Quakers. Finds three behavioral patterns: worldly compromise, internal religious reform, and political activism that still fell within Quaker principle. AHR 77: 1502-1503; CHR 54: 93-94; CJH 7: 76-77; JAH 58: 997-98; WMQ 29: 510. 426 Becker, Martin Joseph. A History of Catholic Life in the Diocese of Albany, 1609-1864. New York: United States Catholic Historical Society, 1975. 242 p. OCLC 2319484; LC Call Number BX1417 .A37 B42; Dewey 282A747/43. Citations: 1. Holdings: 175. Examines the Diocese of Albany from the bottom up, paying particular attention to missionary priests and the laity. Covers French missions to the Iroquois, the shaky beginnings of the Catholic Church in the region, Catholic migration, and daily lives of the faithful. Also discusses internal rifts among congregants at Troy, Oswego, Carthage, and Utica. JAH 64: 409-410. 427 Bedard, Marc Andre. Les Protestants en Nouvelle-France. Quebec: La Societe historique de Quebec, 1978. 141 p. OCLC 6089855; LC Call Number BR575.Q3; Dewey 280/.4/09714. Citations: 8. Holdings: 41. Examines Protestants in New France from 1534 to 1763. Notes that most were soldiers, many of them foreign prisoners of war, as well as captive civilians. Finds that many came from LaRochelle and England. CHR 60: 491-92. 428 Benes, Peter. New England Meeting House and Church: 1630-1850. Boston, Mass.: Boston University, 1980. 145 p. OCLC 7849446; LC Call Number N7905 .B46. Citations: 18. Holdings: 391. Essays discuss the meeting and dwelling house, Asher Benjamin and Charles Bulfinch, Lavius Fillmore and the federal style meeting house, the architecture of the 1751 meeting house at Abington, Connecticut, Anglican embellishments, comfort and uniformity in New England meeting houses between 1750 and 1850, pews in Marblehead, the spiritual dynamics of Puritan worship, and the Lord's Supper in early New England. JAH 6%: 916. 429 Berens, John F. Providence and Patriotism in Early America, 1640-1815. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978. xi, 188 p. ISBN 0813907799; OCLC 3843619; LC Call Number E162 .B45; Dewey 973. Citations: 21. Holdings: 554.

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Examines "religious-nationalist ideas articulated in post-1740 America," particularly notions of America as the New Israel, jeremiads, and millennialism. Explores the origins of providentialism in New England Puritanism, and its playing out in the Great Awakening, American Revolution, and War of 1812, and its shaping of ideas about the republic and the American empire. AHR 84: 1471; Am Lit 51: 422-23; EAL 14: 128-30; JAH 66: 910; WMQ 36: 629-32. 430 Berk, Stephen E. Calvinism versus Democracy: Timothy Dwight and the Origins of American Evangelical Orthodoxy. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1974. xiv, 252 p. ISBN 0208014195; OCLC 749963; LC Call Number BX7260.D84 B47; Dewey 285/.8/0924 B. Citations: 20. Holdings: 492. Examines Dwight's theology, the social and political context in which he worked, and his views on human nature. Portrays Dwight as a utilitarian and "transitional fusion of Edwards and Franklin." AHR SI: 1235-1236. 431 Berryman, Charles. From Wilderness to Wasteland: The Trial of the Puritan God in the American Imagination. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1979. ix, 214 p. ISBN 0804692351; OCLC 4665652; LC Call Number PS 166 .B4; Dewey 810/.9/31. Citations: 8. Holdings: 499. Surveys "religious imagination" in America as revealed in "doctrines of faith, the narratives of fiction, and the design of history." Argues that Puritanism has had extraordinary influence in nearly all facets of American life. Am Lit 52: 506-508; JAH 67: 110. 432 Boles, John B. The Great Revival, 1787-1805: The Origins of the Southern Evangelical Mind. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1972. xiii, 236 p. ISBN 0813112605; OCLC 329602; LC Call Number BV3773 .B65; Dewey 269/.2/0975. Citations: 11. Holdings: 902. Argues that the frontier environment did not create the Great Revival, but rather originated in settlers' belief systems nurtured by eastern-trained ministers. Notes that the series of awakenings starting in Virginia in the 1740s were connected to the great revivals that were sublimated temporarily by the American Revolution. Concludes that the revival ending in 1805 has had a lasting effect on the Southern evangelical mind. AHR7S: 728-29; JAH 60: 118-20; WMQ 30: 349-51. 433 Boxer, C.R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion, 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. xi, 148 p. ISBN 0801820421; OCLC 3710776; LC Call Number BX1584 .B68; Dewey 282A46. Citations: 27. Holdings: 613. Examines Iberian missions, the Roman Catholic Church's view on slavery, the role of Jesuits, the Inquisition, and the long-term impact of Iberian missions around the world. AHR 84: 712-13; CJH 14: 281-83; Hist Today 29: 410-412.

118 Books on Early American History and Culture 434 Brauer, Jerald C , ed. Religion and the American Revolution. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1976. xi, 73 p. ISBN 0800612418; OCLC 2559113; LC Call Number BR520.R44; Dewey 209/.73. Citations: 12. Holdings: 437. Collects essays on the influence of Puritanism and revivals on the Revolution, tensions between Christian virtue and self-interest, and the role of Christianity and Enlightenment ideas on the Revolutionary era. Am J Soc 84: 490-91. 435 Bremer, Francis J. The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976. xv, 255 p. OCLC 2205562; LC Call Number F7 .B77; Dewey 974/.02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 1516. Presents a survey of American Puritanism, including the English background, the movement's evolution in the New World, and relationship to the Enlightenment and Great Awakening. Discusses family, town government, art, education, and race, and examines the historiographical currents of Puritan studies. WMQ 34: 165-66. 436 Brumm, Ursula. Puritanismus und Literatur in Amerika. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1973. x, 110 p. ISBN 353406142X; OCLC 1074718; LC Call Number BX9354.2 .B78; Dewey 810.9001. Citations: 2. Holdings: 63. Seeks to explain the popularity of American Puritan studies after Perry Miller and to offer a bibliographic guide to American Puritanism. Surveys Puritan research, summarizing main treatments by Bancroft, Parrington, Miller, and others. Discusses Miller's methodology and arguments, the meaning of history to Puritans, Puritan religious literature and poetry, and the work of Jonathan Edwards. EAL 10: 93-94; WMQ 32: 526-27. 437 Buckley, Thomas E. Church and State in Revolutionary Virginia, 17761787. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977. xii, 217 p. ISBN 081390692X; OCLC 2874976; LC Call Number BR555.V8 B8; Dewey 261.7/09755. Citations: 40. Holdings: 611. Examines the question of religious liberty in Revolutionary Virginia and the establishment of the Act for Establishing Religious Freedom (1786). Notes that the government after the Revolution abandoned the idea of a state church, which was a "genuinely revolutionary cause of action." Stresses that evangelicals played a role in establishing religious freedom that was at least equal to that of the "rationalists." AHR 83: 1337-38; JAH67: 908; WMQ 35: 775-77. 438 Bumsted, J.M. Henry AUine: 1748-1784. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. ix, 116 p. ISBN 0802032478; OCLC 142467; LC Call Number BV3785.A46 B8; Dewey 269/.2/0924. Citations: 9. Holdings: 217. Examines the life and theology of Alline, who moved at a young age from Rhode Island to Nova Scotia and became an itinerant preacher. Studies his role

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in the Great Awakening and concludes that Alline was "British Canada's most important and prolific intellectual voice in the eighteenth century." CHR 53: 78-80; JAH 59: 406-407; WMQ 30: 526-28. 439 Burg, B. R. Richard Mather of Dorchester. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1976. xiii, 207 p. ISBN 0813113431; OCLC 2720496; LC Call Number BX7260.M368 B87; Dewey 285/.8/0924. Citations: 9. Holdings: 526. Examines Mather's life and the role of churches and ministers in New England generally. Sees Mather as a social climber who was humiliated by his early failure to form a church at Dorchester, an event that shaped his negative view of magisterial interference in church matters. AHR 82: 1059-60; Am Lit 49: 453-54; EAL 16: 192-93; EAL 18: 292-93; JAH 65:426; WMQ 35: 570. 440 Bush, Sargent. The Writings of Thomas Hooker: Spiritual Adventure in Two Worlds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980. x, 387 p. ISBN 0299080706; OCLC 6041042; LC Call Number BX7260.H596 B87; Dewey 285.8/092/4. Citations: 27. Holdings: 465. Surveys and offers commentary on Hooker's extant sermons and writings, along with a description of his pedagogical methods and an examination of his role in Puritanism generally. Divides Hooker's works into "occasional works" (mostly English and Dutch works, which were sharply partisan) and "timeless works" (pastoral works, mostly completed in New England). AHR 86: 1144-45; Am Lit 53: 542-43; EAL 16: 190-92; WMQ 38: 312-14. 441 Butler, Jon. Power, Authority, and the Origins of American Denominational Order: The English Churches in the Delaware Valley, 16801730. Philadelphia, Penn.: American Philosophical Society, 1978. 85 p. ISBN 0871696827; OCLC 3752551; LC Call Number BR520 .B96; Dewey 280/.4/09749. Citations: 9. Holdings: 334. Explores the development of denominations in the Delaware valley, particularly the Society of Friends, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Anglicans. Finds that the religious pluralism of the region made it look much like the future United States and that the area was "crucial to the shaping of American denominational life." Concludes that these denominations were not democratic, but were controlled by clergy and a few laymen, a hierarchical pattern transferred from England. AHR 84: 540; WMQ 36: 483-84. 442 Buxbaum, Melvin H. Benjamin Franklin and the Zealous Presbyterians. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975. 265 p. ISBN 0271011769; OCLC 1008230; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 B94; Dewey 277.3. Citations: 13. Holdings: 530. Traces changes in Franklin's attitudes towards religious groups throughout his life, and their interactions with politics. Argues that many of Franklin's writings were informed by his hostility toward Congregationalists and Presbyterians and that his Autobiography was essentially propaganda for America and himself. Am Lit 47: 446-48; EAL 10: 222-26; JAH 63: 104; U 100: 1628; WMQ 33: 35052.

120 Books on Early American History and Culture 443 Calam, John. Parsons and Pedagogues: The S.P.G. Adventure in American Education. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. xi, 249 p. ISBN 0231033710; OCLC 123564; LC Call Number LC582.U53 C3; Dewey 377A8/373. Citations: 8. Holdings: 465. Explores American missions of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Contends that SPG missionaries sought to create a British-style deferential society in America but failed because they misunderstood Americans, were too arrogant and conservative, and failed to get colonists' support. AHR 77: 202-203; WMQ 29: 191-92. 444 Caravaglios, Maria Genoino. The American Catholic Church and the Negro Problem in the XVIII-XIX Centuries. Edited by Ernest L. Unterkoefler. Charleston, S.C.: Caravaglios, 1974. xv, 375 p. OCLC 1207077; LC Call Number HT917.C3 C37; Dewey 261.8/34/4930973. Citations: 0. Holdings: 54. Discusses the influence of the Catholic Church on slavery, especially local diocesan responses. Views the Catholic Church favorably, noting its moral distaste of slavery and sympathy for slaves. AHR 80: 1383-84. 445 Carroll, Peter N. The Other Samuel Johnson: A Psycho-History of Early New England. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1978. 247 p. ISBN 0838620590; OCLC 4005767; LC Call Number BX5995.J59 C37; Dewey 283/.092/4. Citations: 9. Holdings: 326. Examines the life of Johnson, Anglican missionary and first President of King's College, hoping to "observe the formation of a mature personality and explore the subtle relationships between emotional, sometimes unconscious, feelings and more visible behavior." AHR 85: 205; JAH 66: 911; WMQ 38: 527-29. 446 Cherry, Conrad. Nature and Religious Imagination: From Edwards to Bushnell. Philadelphia, Penn.: Fortress Press, 1980. x, 242 p. ISBN 0800605500; OCLC 4883234; LC Call Number BT695.5 .C47; Dewey 230. Citations: 25. Holdings: 557. Focuses on the idea of nature in New England from the early eighteenth century through the middle of the nineteenth. Finds that the imagery of nature appeared in the work of Jonathan Edwards, declined for a time, and resurfaced in Horace Bushnell's religious romanticism. AHR 86: 1145-46; JAH 67: 376; WMQ 38: 525-27. 447 Coffrnan, Ralph J. Solomon Stoddard. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1978. 224 p. ISBN 0805771980; OCLC 3844710; LC Call Number BX7260.S816C63; Dewey 285/.8/0924. Citations: 13. Holdings: 610. Presents a biography of Stoddard, pastor of Northampton, Massachusetts and grandfather of Jonathan Edwards. Discusses his background and education, his admission of the baptized but unconverted to communion, advocacy of reformed polity, and his preaching as a precursor to the evangelical style. Includes a list of items in his library in 1664, his genealogy, a list of his writings, and bibliography.

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AHR 85: 455. 448 Davidson, James West. The Logic of Millennial Thought: EighteenthCentury New England. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1977. xii, 308 p. ISBN 0300019475; OCLC 2507144; LC Call Number BR520 .D29; Dewey 261. Citations: 68. Holdings: 692. Discusses the use of the apocalyptic tradition in New England prior to the Revolution. Notes that such themes were extremely complex and were influenced by English thought and the Enlightenment. Contends that the central currents in millennial doctrine were affliction and judgment, "the pattern behind the grand history of the Revelation," and concludes that these ideas were used in every major event in eighteenth-century New England. AHR 83: 797-98; JAH65: 124. 449 Desroche, Henri. American Shakers: From Neo-Christianity to Presocialism. Edited and translated from French by John K. Savacool. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1971. 357 p. OCLC 158661; LC Call Number BX9766.D413; Dewey 289.8/0973. Citations: 19. Holdings: 898. Examines American Shakerism in light of Marxist materialism and Troeltsch's typology of religious forms. Characterizes Shakers as a sect that demonstrated "the primitive social consciousness of a British proletariat still in its Luddite phase." Notes that millenarianism and perfectionism led Shakers to establish permanent communitarian institutions. AHR 77: 586-87. 450 Elliott, Emory. Power and the Pulpit in Puritan New England. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. 240 p. ISBN 069107206X; OCLC 1119786; LC Call Number BV4208.U6 E43; Dewey 285/.9/0974. Citations: 49. Holdings: 725. Explores changes in the tone of New England Puritan sermons through the seventeenth century. Finds that first-generation ministers were harsh, emphasizing repression, shame, guilt, and exclusive church membership, while second- and third-generation preachers began changing between 1660 and 1690, from "one dominant archetype—the image of the angry and wrathful God the Father—to another archetype—the figure of the gentle, loving, and protective Christ." AHR 81: 955-56; Am Lit 48: 410-11; CJH 11: 129-30; EAL 11: 105-107; JAH 63: 383-85; WMQ33: 694-96. 451 Emerson, Everett, ed. Letters from New England: The Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1629-1638. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. xix, 263 p. ISBN 0870232096; OCLC 1975939; LC Call Number F67 .L663; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 27. Holdings: 654. Collects letters sent from New England settlers back to England. Selections cover motivations for migration, land description, natives, orthodoxy, and toleration. Includes letters from William Bradford, John Winthrop, Israel Stoughton, Richard Mather, John Pond, Francis Higginson, Thomas Dudley, and John Cotton.

122 Books on Early American History and Culture EAL 12: 206-207; WMQ 34: 678-81. 452 Emerson, Everett. Puritanism in America, 1620-1750. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1977. 180 p. ISBN 0805776923; OCLC 2874779; LC Call Number BX9354.2 .E47; Dewey 285/.9/0973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 854. Provides an "overview of the historical development of Puritanism in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, with particular attention to its ideas, the changes that took place within it, and its cultural contributions." Focuses on writings of Edward Taylor, Anne Bradstreet, Thomas Hooker, Cotton Mather, Michael Wigglesworth, Samuel Seward, and Thomas Shepard. AHR 83: 1083; EAL 13: 224-25; JAH65: 749. 453 Endy, Melvin B., Jr. William Penn and Early Quakerism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973. viii, 410 p. ISBN 069107190X; OCLC 763421; LC Call Number F 152.2 .E52; Dewey 289.6/092/4. Citations: 16. Holdings: 756. Examines the life of Penn, with specific emphasis on his ideas and theology. Places Penn in the context of the English Reformation and stresses differences between Quakerism and more rationalistic Puritanism. Seeks to "serve as a guide to Penn sources for students of colonial history, English religious thought, and Quakerism." AHR 80: 483-84; JAH 61: 459-60; WMQ 32: 344-46. 454 Erdt, Terrence. Jonathan Edwards: Art and the Sense of the Heart. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980. xiv, 123 p. ISBN 0870233041; OCLC 6280583; LC Call Number B874.A4 E72; Dewey 111/.85. Citations: 21. Holdings: 427. Connects and explores artistic imagination and conversion experience in Edwards's work. Finds that Edwards's "sense of the heart" came from the Calvinist tradition and that art and natural beauty were ways to delight in God even without being sure of regeneration or holiness, which brought true, divine beauty. AHR 86: 914-915; Am Lit 53: 342; JAH68: 647. 455 Fantel, Hans. William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. New York: Morrow, 1974. xiv, 298 p. ISBN 0688003109; OCLC 922907; LC Call Number F152.2 .F36; Dewey 974.8/02/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 689. Provides a biography of Penn for a general readership. Discusses Perm's personal peculiarities and the influences on his personality and ideas. AHR 82: 730. 456 Ferm, Robert L. Jonathan Edwards the Younger, 1745-1801: A Colonial Pastor. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1976. 214 p. ISBN 080283485X; OCLC 2606710; LC Call Number BX7260.E4 F47; Dewey 230/.8/0924 B. Citations: 9. Holdings: 601. Studies Edwards's early life, education, career in New Haven, presidency of Union College, and role in reconciling Congregationalists and Presbyterians with the Plan of Union. Focuses on his writings in favor of the New Divinity

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movement, concluding that his "theology was rigid and legalistic and basically unacceptable to an age which was confident of its power, freedom, and selfdetermination," and that his life "illuminates our understanding of his age." AHRS2: 1062; JAH 64: 416. 457 Foster, Stephen. Their Solitary Way: The Puritan Social Ethic in the First Century of Settlement in New England. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1971. xxii, 214 p. ISBN 0300014082; OCLC 215940; LC Call Number F7 .F76; Dewey 917.4/03. Citations: 32. Holdings: 900. Notes that the Puritan ethic was based on order and love and in New England took up matters of governance, wealth, and social rank. Finds that in New England elements of the foundational ethic contradicted (e.g. calling and social hierarchy) and had to be mitigated. AHR 78: 145-46; JAH 62: 369-70; WMQ 29: 494-96. 458 Gaustad, Edwin S. George Berkeley in America. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979. xi, 225 p. ISBN 0300023944; OCLC 4907763; LC Call Number B1347 .G38; Dewey 192. Citations: 24. Holdings: 712. Studies Berkeley's three-year stay in the colonies (1729-31). Explains that his goal was the establishment of an Anglican college and seminary to promote morals and virtue and to train Indian converts to become missionaries themselves. Notes that the plan failed due to lack of Parliamentary support and colonial opposition. Concludes that his relatively short trip had enormous intellectual influence on the American colonies. AHR 85: 977-78; JAH67: 388; U104: 2344; WMQ 37: 507-509. 459 Gilpin, W. Clark. The Millenarian Piety of Roger Williams. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. viii, 214 p. ISBN 0226239971; OCLC 4515038; LC Call Number BX6495.W55 G54; Dewey 286/. 1/0924. Citations: 28. Holdings: 611. Contends that Williams's thought was unified by the notion of a "millenarian vision of history." Notes that this influenced his separatism and his belief that the true, visible church would only come with Christ's return. AHR 85: 455-56; EAL 16: 96-97; JAH67: 116; WMQ 37: 318-20. 460 Goen, C.C., ed. The Works of Jonathan Edwards. Vol. 4: The Great Awakening. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. xii, 595 p. ISBN 0300014376; OCLC 16194870; LC Call Number BX7117 .E3; Dewey 269/.2/0974. Citations: 12. Holdings: 685. Includes A Faithful Narrative, The Distinguishing Marks, Some Thoughts Concerning the Revival, letters relating to the revival, and the Preface to Bellamy's True Religion. WMQ 29: 655. 461 Griffin, Edward M. Old Brick: Charles Chauncy of Boston, 1705-1787. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980. x, 248 p. ISBN 0816609071; OCLC 5846728; LC Call Number BX7260.C527 G74; Dewey 285.8/32/0924. Citations: 16. Holdings: 450.

124 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines Chauncy's life, covering his family background, early life and education, and career as a minister and controversialist. Notes that Chauncy was not as conservative as he has been made out to be, particularly in his opposition to the Anglican Church and British government in the Revolutionary era. AHR 87: 529; Am Lit 52: 684; Can Rev Am Stds 18: 143-59; EAL 16: 89-90; JAH 67: 901; WMQ 38: 137-40. 462 Guest, Francis F. Fermin Francisco de Lasuen (1736-1803): A Biography. Washington, D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan History, 1973. xx, 374 p. OCLC 624510; LC Call Number F864 .G93; Dewey 271.3/024. Citations: 7. Holdings: 163. Discusses the life of Lasuen, from his early life in the Basque provinces to his work in the 1770s and 1780s at San Borja, San Diego, and San Juan Capistrano. Describes relationships with military governors Rivera, Fages and Neve, as well as the duties of presidial chaplains and relations with Indians. AHR 81: 652-53. 463 Hall, David D. The Faithful Shepherd: A History of the New England Ministry in the Seventeenth Century. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1972. xvi, 301 p. ISBN 0807811939; OCLC 521004; LC Call Number BR520 .H3; Dewey 253. Citations: 78. Holdings: 931. Studies orthodox ministers in early New England. Finds that separation from England led them to stress calling, more inclusive baptizing and initial church admissions policies, and the idea of grace. Notes that they dealt constantly with discipline problems, difficulties with civil government, declining religious education within families, and increased secularism. Concludes that the clergy responded to challenges with jeremiads and emphasis on preparation and conversion. AHR 78: 1117-1118; Am Lit 45: 148; JAH 60: 775-76; WMQ 30: 498-500. 464 Hancock, Harold B. The Loyalists of Revolutionary Delaware. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1977. 159 p. ISBN 0874131162; OCLC 3017794; LC Call Number E277 .H26; Dewey 973.3/14/09751. Citations: 2. Holdings: 403. Revises The Delaware Loyalists, published in 1940. Surveys the role of Delaware loyalists, including motivations, family relationships, religion, and economics. Argues that "the division of Whig and Tory continued long after" the end of the Revolutionary war. Finds that former loyalists generally supported the Federalists. AHR 83: 133S-39; JAH65: 757. 465 Hanley, Thomas O'Brien. The John Carroll Papers. Vol. 1: 1755-1791; Vol. 2: 1792-1806; Vol. 3: 1807-1815. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976. ISBN 0268011869; OCLC 1858106; LC Call Number BX4705.C33 A2; Dewey 282/.092/4. Citations: 30. Holdings: 454.

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Contains Carroll's letters, sermons, memoranda, and miscellany. Documents cover challenges to American Catholicism in the Revolutionary and early national eras and Carroll's interest in politics, education, war, and slavery. AHR 82: 736-37; JAH 64: 398; U101: 885; WMQ 35: 179-80. 466 Harlan, David. The Clergy and the Great Awakening in New England. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1980. 172 p. ISBN 0835710971; OCLC 6580098; LC Call Number BR520.H33. Citations: 4. Holdings: 351. Examines the roles and attitudes of the New England clergy during the Great Awakening. Finds that most were moderate "Old Calvinists" who sided with neither the New Lights nor the Old Lights. Notes that organizations and associations of clergy during the period were short-term and haphazard. JAH 6%: 109-110. 467 Holbrook, Clyde A. The Ethics of Jonathan Edwards: Morality and Aesthetics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1973. ix, 227 p. ISBN 0472448005; OCLC 695225; LC Call Number BX7260.E3 H57; Dewey 285/.8/0924. Citations: 10. Holdings: 515. Describes the two approaches to the "history of man's engagement with a Supreme Being": the theological objectivists, "who have found in their experiences of the great being the whole aim and goal of life," and the theological objectivists, "who have conceived the deity as attendant upon man's desires and values." Concludes that Edwards's thought contained elements of both, but that he largely came down on the side of the objectivists because the "conviction of God's centrality, power, and beauty penetrated Edwards's use of language." AHR 79: 844-45; WMQ32: 139-41. 468 Holifield, E. Brooks. The Covenant Sealed: The Development of Puritan Sacramental Theology in Old and New England, 1570-1720. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1974. xi, 248 p. ISBN 0300017332; OCLC 1093255; LC Call Number BV800 .H64; Dewey 234/.16. Citations: 44. Holdings: 591. Presents the early Reformation controversies over sacramental theology, the development of Puritan views, and their integration of sacramental and covenant theology (as opposed to viewing sacraments as converting ordinances). Argues that the New England debates had essentially been framed in England and influenced several other areas of New World Puritan life. AHR 81: 956-57; JAH62: 367-69; WMQ32: 645-46. 469 Hood, Fred J. Reformed America: The Middle and Southern States, 17831837. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1980. 254 p. ISBN 0817300341 (hbk.); ISBN 0817300368 (pbk.); OCLC 5942845; LC Call Number BX9496.M53 H66; Dewey 285.7/75. Citations: 29. Holdings: 438. Examines the influence of Reformed Protestants in America outside of New England, focusing on the role of two presidents of the College of New Jersey, John Witherspoon and Samuel Stanhope Smith. Explains that they combined Reformed doctrine with Scottish Enlightenment and American democratic

126 Books on Early American History and Culture ideals. Concludes that their ideas were highly influential, but failed to make inroads in the political realm and had completely faded by the time of the Presbyterian schism of 1837. AHR 86: 920-21; JAH 68: 372. 470 Jaenen, Cornelius J. The Role of the Church in New France. New York: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1976. x, 182 p. ISBN 0070822581; OCLC 2436237; LC Call Number BX1421.2.J34; Dewey 282/.71. Citations: 15. Holdings: 186. Surveys Catholicism in New France, including missions to Indians, and its role in politics, economics, society, and morals. Views Catholic social services positively and finds that in practice settlers continued to favor "the intermediary approach through the Virgin Mary and the saints and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament." AHR 82: 1366; CHR 58: 487-89; WMQ 34: 341-42. 471 Jones, James W. The Shattered Synthesis: New England Puritanism before the Great Awakening. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. xi, 207 p. ISBN 0300016190; OCLC 813683; LC Call Number F7 .166; Dewey 974.4/02/0922. Citations: 8. Holdings: 681. Discusses seventeenth-century background of New England Puritanism, John Norton (1606-1663), Giles Firmin (1614-1697), Samuel Willard (1640-1707), Cotton Mather (1663-1728), Benjamin Colman (1673-1747), Solomon Stoddard (1643-1729), Puritan liberalism, Lemuel Briant (1721-1754), Ebenezer Gay (1696-1787), Jonathan Mayhew (1720-1766), and Charles Chauncy (17051787). Contends that no coherent Puritanism existed during the seventeenth century and that divisions became clear in the Great Awakening. AHR 80: 710-711; Am Lit 47: 445-46; JAH 61: 462-63; WMQ 31: 524-26. 472 Karp, Abraham J. Beginnings: Early American Judaica: A Collection of Ten Publications, in Facsimile, Illustrative of the Religious, Communal, Cultural & Political Life of American Jewry, 1761-1845. Philadelphia, Perm.: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1975. 11 vols. ISBN 0827600763; OCLC 2090826; LC Call Number BM205 .B38; Dewey 296.3/0973. Citations: 0. Holdings: 225. Publishes documents on early American Judaism, including evening service of Roshashanah and Kippur, a sermon preached at the synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island, a talk delivered in the synagogue in New York, an oration delivered before the Hebrew Orphan Society, Governor Worthington's speech on the Maryland Test Act, service for the two first nights of the Passover, persecution of the Jews in the east, the Occident and American Jewish Advocate, a monthly periodical (April 1843), and "Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews." JAH 63: 991-92. 473 Keller, Karl. The Example of Edward Taylor. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1975. 319 p. ISBN 087023174X; OCLC 1093423; LC CallNumberPS850.T2Z74;Dewey811/.l. Citations: 18. Holdings: 466.

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Discusses the sacramental theory of language in Taylor (1645-1729), by which belief and life were connected by artistry that gave the illusion of oneness with God, even in degenerate individuals. Places Taylor in the humanistic tradition. Am Lit 48: 83-84; EAL 12: 304-306; U100: 482; WMQ 33: 346-48. 474 Kessell, John L. Friars, Soldiers, and Reformers: Hispanic Arizona and the Sonora Mission Frontier, 1767-1856. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976. xv, 347 p. ISBN 0816504873; OCLC 2477832; LC Call Number F811 .K466; Dewey 979.1/02. Citations: 18. Holdings: 381. Studies the post-1767 Sonora-Arizona frontier, examining the Jesuit expulsion and Franciscan takeover, Queretaro college in Pimeria Alta and Jalisco college in Pimeria Baja, missionary conflicts with reformers like Jose de Galvez and Antonio de los Reyes, and the role of the military. Notes internal Franciscan conflicts and the decline of the missions through the time of the Gadsden Purchase. AHR 82: 439; Ethnohistory 24: 285-87; JAH64: 786. 475 Lafaye, Jacques. Quetzalcoatl and Guadalupe: The Formation of Mexican National Consciousness, 1531-1813. Translated by Benjamin Keen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. xxx, 336 p. ISBN 0226467945; OCLC 2034700; LC Call Number F1210.L313; Dewey 972. Citations: 120. Holdings: 825. Focuses on the role of religion in early Mexican life, particularly myths of Spain and New Spain. Discusses Indians, Creoles, mestizos, Franciscans, Jesuits, and the leadership of the Hidalgo-Morelos revolution. Argues that religious images and myths were vital to the development of Mexican nationhood. AHR Si: 1128-29; Ethnohistory 24: 401-402; U101: 1853. 476 Levin, David. Cotton Mather: The Young Life of the Lord's Remembrancer, 1663-1703. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978. xvi, 360 p. ISBN 0674175077; OCLC 3706427; LC Call Number F67.M43 L48; Dewey 973.2/092/4 . Citations: 44. Holdings: 904. Examines Mather's life through age 40. Argues that Mather went to extremes in all that he did and that he identified himself with New England and the political future of Massachusetts in these early years, but afterwards shifted to his ministerial role. AHRS4: 1140-41; Am Lit 51: 419-21; EAL 14: 343-44; JAH 67: 658; WMQ 37: 153-55. 477 Lipson, Dorothy Ann. Freemasonry in Federalist Connecticut, 17891835. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977. x, 380 p. ISBN 0691046468; OCLC 3205541; LC Call Number HS537.C82 L56; Dewey 366/. 1/09746. Citations: 16. Holdings: 390. Characterizes Freemasonry as a social movement and fraternal counterculture "defined by selective affiliation," whose members adhered to "a subsystem of ideas and values at odds with the Calvinist tradition." Notes that Freemasons valued secular moralism, "virtue and charity, masonically defined," and pledged allegiance to the order and other Masons first and foremost, above even state,

128 Books on Early American History and Culture church, and family. Discusses opposition to Masonry from religious groups and families. AHR 83: 1086-87; CJH 13: 288-89; JAH65: 754; WMQ 36: 497-99. 478 Lovelace, Richard F. The American Pietism of Cotton Mather: Origins of American Evangelicalism. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 1979. x, 350 p. ISBN 0802817505; OCLC 4775317; LC Call Number F67.M43 L68; Dewey 973.2/092/4. Citations: 24. Holdings: 350. Views Mather as an early revivalist. Places Mather in the context of European theology, noting his ideas about revelation, justification, regeneration, sanctification, millenialism, piety, and evangelicalism. Concludes that Mather's theology is "the key to his character and achievements." AHR 87: 1152; EAL 17: 89-91; JAH 67: 388; WMQ3S: 309-312. 479 Lowance, Mason I. Increase Mather. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1974. 185 p. ISBN 0805704779; OCLC 793519; LC Call Number F67 .M4737; Dewey 974.4/02/0924 B. Citations: 5. Holdings: 739. Discusses "the development of Mather as a writer and thinker" and "his relationship to the Puritan culture of late seventeenth-century New England." Analyzes Mather's Autobiography, the place of his Indian histories in Puritan historiography, Illustrious Providences (1684), and his defense of the New England Way. Concludes that Mather is "the most vitally representative Puritan of his age." EAL 10: 229-30; JAH 62: 963-64; WMQ 34: 168-69. 480 Lowrie, Ernest Benson. The Shape of the Puritan Mind: The Thought of Samuel Willard. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1974. xiii, 253 p. ISBN 0300017146; OCLC 1093781; LC Call Number BX7260.W5 L68; Dewey 230/.5/90924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 566. Analyzes Samuel Willard's A Compleat Body ofDivinty, placing it in European context and describing its influence on later thinkers like Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. Concludes that Willard's thought "exhibits the depth and breadth of the cultural heritage New England received from England and the medieval universities." AHR 81: 651-52; JAH62: 104-105; WMQ32: 527-29. 481 Lucas, Paul R. Valley of Discord: Church and Society along the Connecticut River, 1636-1725. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1976. xiv, 275 p. ISBN 0874511216; OCLC 2206033; LC Call Number BR520 .L8; Dewey 277.44/2. Citations: 42. Holdings: 535. Examines conflict among the congregations of Connecticut, church polity and the influence of the clergy, and the development of Samuel Stoddard's ideas. Concludes that stability was not the hallmark of Puritan Connecticut society, but rather "their cherished ideals were contradictory," that "efforts to forge consensus only sharpened conflict," and that "the result was an institutional structure that never found stability." AHR 82: 730-31; Am Lit 49: 144; JAH 63: 986-87; J Soc Hist 11: 442-44; WMQ 34: 136-38.

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482 Marcus, Jacob Rader. Early American Jewry: The Jews of New York, New England and Canada, 1649-1794. New York: Ktav Pub. House, 1975. 2 vols. ISBN 0870682695; OCLC 714245; LC Call Number E184.J5 M22; Dewey 917.3/06/924. Citations: 9. Holdings: 566. Publishes a one-volume revision of earlier work on early American Jews. Examines the European background of American Jewish communities and Jews in New Amsterdam, New York, New England, and Canada. Considers Jews' roles in commerce, the military, philanthropy, relations with Indians, politics, education, and the American Revolution. AHRSl: 1216-17. 483 Matson, Daniel S. and Bernard L. Fontana, eds. Friar Bringas Reports to the King: Methods of Indoctrination on the Frontier of New Spain 1796-97. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977. ix, 177 p. ISBN 0816505241; OCLC 3080535; LC Call Number F1219.3.M59 B7313; Dewey 266/.023/097917. Citations: 14. Holdings: 319. Publishes a report by Bringas in New Spain to the King of Spain regarding the conditions and problems of the Pimeria Alta missions. Blamed local conditions, geography, and a high numbers of Indians for difficulties and requested more people and money for the missions. Ethnohistory 31:211-12; JAH65: 141. 484 McGiffert, Michael, ed. God's Plot: The Paradoxes of Puritan Piety. Being the Autobiography & Journal of Thomas Shepard. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1972. vii, 252 p. OCLC 475860; LC Call Number BX7260.S53 A32; Dewey 285/.9/0924. Citations: 48. Holdings: 1249. Reprints Shepard's Autobiography, which cover's Shepard's life from birth in 1604 through his New England ministry in the early 1640s. Publishes Shepard's Journal, which reveals internal spiritual struggles between 1640 and 1644. AHR 79: 844; Am Lit 44: 706; EAL 9: 338; JAH 60: 110-111. 485 McLoughlin, William G., ed. The Diary of Isaac Backus. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1979. xxxviii, 1780 p. ISBN 0870571486; OCLC 4956680; LC Call Number BX6495.B32 A33; Dewey 286/. 1/0924. Citations: 17. Holdings: 347. Publishes in three volumes the diary of New England Baptist leader Isaac Backus, from his conversion in 1741 to 1806, a few months before his death. Also includes travel journals and some church records. ZJ105: 516-17; WMQ 40: 141-42. 486 McLoughlin, William G. New England Dissent, 1630-1833: The Baptists and the Separation of Church and State. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971. 2 vols. ISBN 0674611756; OCLC 128483; LC Call Number BX6239 .M25; Dewey 322/.1. Citations: 103. Holdings: 812. Traces Baptist history from modest origins in New England to major player in American evangelical Protestantism. Discusses Baptist dissent, relations with other religious groups, beliefs, internal conflicts, and role in gaining disestablishment of state churches.

130 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 78: 474-75; AJLH 17: 185-200; JAH 59: 402-405; WMQ 28: 664-667. 487 Mekeel, Arthur J. The Relation of the Quakers to the American Revolution. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1979. vii, 368 p. ISBN 0819107921 (pbk.); OCLC 5816283; LC Call Number E269.F8 M4; Dewey 973.3 19. Citations: 6. Holdings: 395. Stresses transatlantic relationships among Quakers, Quaker pacifism and objections to loyalty oaths, and English Quaker support for American Independence. AHR 86: 643-44; JAH 6%: 112. 488 Middlekauff, Robert. The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, 1596-1728. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. xii, 440 p. ISBN 0195013050; OCLC 136108; LC Call Number F67.M4865; Dewey 285/.9/0922. Citations: 73. Holdings: 2040. Examines seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Massachusetts Puritanism through the lives and careers of Richard Mather (1596-1669), Increase Mather (1639-1723), and Cotton Mather (1663-1728). Contends that Increase Mather was responsible for the "invention" of New England, while Cotton Mather was responsible for the revival of the idea of a divinely ordained mission for New World Puritans. Concludes, therefore, "that Puritan mission was defined more by the second generation in America than the first, that religious psychology and covenant preaching were more 'affective' than has been suspected." Am Lit 44: 477-78; EAL 8: 209-210; JAH 58: 993-94; WMQ 29: 165-67. 489 Miller, Howard. The Revolutionary College: American Presbyterian Higher Education, 1707-1837. New York: New York University Press, 1976. xxiii, 381 p. ISBN 0814754076; OCLC 2371709; LC Call Number LC580 .M48; Dewey 377/.8/5. Citations: 20. Holdings: 497. Examines Presbyterian higher education in the context of the denomination's ecclesiology and ideology of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Finds that Presbyterian schools were "institutional manifestations of crucial changes within American Presbyterianism." Views a shift in Presbyterian colleges from expansive and inclusive of many different Christians in the mideighteenth century to "bastions of Presbyterian orthodoxy and important weapons in the sectarian competition" in the early nineteenth century. Sees this shift as a reflection of what was happening in Presbyterianism at large. AHRS2: 1062-63; JAH 64: 410; WMQ35: 166-68. 490 Mills, Frederick V., Sr. Bishops by Ballot: An Eighteenth-Century Ecclesiastical Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. xii, 367 p. ISBN 0195024117; OCLC 3627356; LC Call Number BX5881 .M55; Dewey 262/. 12. Citations: 14. Holdings: 381. Studies the transformation of the Church of England in America into the Protestant Episcopal Church, arguing that the changes paralleled the political revolution. Finds that it involved "the substitution and canonization of republican concepts and practices in place of hierarchical ones." Contends that

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this change was largely undertaken by "Low Church" patriots who emphasized lay participation in the Church. AHR 85: 1257; JAH67: 124; WMQ 3%: 747-49. 491 Morin, Marie. Histoire simple et veritable. Critical edition by Ghislaine Legendre. Montreal: Les Presses de L'Universite de Montreal, 1979. xxxv, 351 p. ISBN 2760604217; OCLC 6096858; LC Call Number F1054.5.M88 M665; Dewey 971.4/281. Citations: 6. Holdings: 52. Presents Morin's institutional history of the Hospitalers of St. Joseph, focusing on its establishment, founders, and difficulties in Montreal before 1697. Includes an introduction with textual analysis, a chronology, bibliography, glossary, notes, and name and place indexes. CHR 61: 515-16. 492 Moulton, Phillips P., ed. The Journal and Major Essays of John Woolman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. xviii, 336 p. OCLC 189524; LC Call Number BX7795.W7 A3; Dewey 289.6/0924. Citations: 17. Holdings: 706. Publishes the journal of John Woolman and some of his essays, including "Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes" and "A Plea for the Poor." EAL 8: 203-204; WMQ29: 507-508. 493 Noll, Mark A. Christians in the American Revolution. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Christian University Press, 1977. 195 p. ISBN 0802817068; OCLC 3002385; LC Call Number E209 .N64; Dewey 277.3. Citations: 8. Holdings: 523. Explores four major responses of Christians to the Revolution: "Patriots" (mostly Congregationalists and Presbyterians who combined Christian and radical Whig doctrines in support of the American cause); "Reformers" (revivalist New Lights who supported the American side but refused to identify it with absolute good); "Loyalists" (mostly northern Anglicans who opposed the Revolution); and "Pacificists" (members of peace churches like Moravians, Quakers, and Mennonites). Concludes that the Revolution was a major secularizing event, in that it replaced religious doctrine with political ideology. AHR S3: 1337; JAH65: 1101. 494 Oury, Guy-Marie. Marie de VIncarnation (1599-1672). Quebec: Presses de l'Universite Laval, 1973. ix, 607 p. OCLC 867093; LC Call Number BX4705.M36 092; Dewey 271/.974/024. Citations: 15. Holdings: 77. Examines the life of Canadian missionary Marie Guyart, including spiritual development, admission to the convent of the Ursulines of Tours, and foundation of an Ursuline community in Canada aimed at the education and conversion of Indian girls. AHR 79: 1669-70; CHR 56: 63-64. 495 Pierce, Richard D., ed. The Records of the First Church in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629-1736. Salem, Mass.: Essex Institute, 1974. xxvi, 421 p.

132 Books on Early American History and Culture ISBN 088389050X; OCLC 1527242; LC Call Number F74.S1 S173; Dewey 929/3744/5. Citations: 11. Holdings: 134. Publishes Salem Church records, which provide information on polity, discipline, baptism, communion, catechism, hymns, prayer, witchcraft, church attendance, membership lists, selection of pastors and elders, and formation of other churches. WMQ 33: 173-74. 496 Pilcher, George William. Samuel Davies: Apostle of Dissent in Colonial Virginia. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 1971. xi, 229 p. ISBN 0870491210; OCLC 159856; LC Call Number BX9225.D33 P55; Dewey 285/. 1/0924. Citations: 12. Holdings: 602. Provides a biography of Davies (1723-1761), southern Presbyterian, poet, preacher, and president of Princeton. Covers Davies' background, youth, and education, the events of the Great Awakening, Davies' work as minister, sermons, attitudes toward education and slavery, conflict with political leaders and the established church, career in the French and Indian War, and death. AHR 77: 830-31; Am Lit 43: 657-58; JAH 58: 996-97; WMQ 29: 657-60. 497 Rezneck, Samuel. Unrecognized Patriots: The Jews in the American Revolution. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975. xiv, 299 p. ISBN 0837178037; OCLC 1177062; LC Call Number E269.J5 R49; Dewey 973.3/15/03924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 603. Describes political, economic, and military activities of Jews in the Revolutionary era. Notes that Jews could be found on both sides of the conflict, but that there were only about 2,500 Jews in the colonies at the time and therefore "their contributions, while not insignificant, were moderate if not altogether minor." AHR 81: 1216-17; JAH 63: 109; J Ethnic Stds 4: 114-15; U 100: 1546; WMQ 33: 553-54. 498 Ritchie, Carson I. A. Frontier Parish: An Account of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Anglican Church in America, Drawn from the Records of the Bishop of London. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1976. xiii, 210 p. ISBN 0838617352; OCLC 1693878; LC Call Number BX5881 .R57; Dewey 266/.3/73. Citations: 1. Holdings: 225. Quotes from the Fulham Papers of the Lambeth Palace Library with commentary on the colonial Church of England. JAH 64: 416. 499 Scheick, William J. The Will and the Word: The Poetry of Edward Taylor. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1974. xvi, 181 p. ISBN 0820303143; OCLC 913731; LC Call Number PS850.T2 Z79; Dewey 811/.1. Citations: 12. Holdings: 559. Focuses on Taylor's Preparatory Meditations to show that Augustinian will was central to Taylor's ideas about reason, human nature, and faith. Concludes, therefore, that Taylor's work is not really mystical, but rather focuses on love in the "quest for conversion."

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Am Lit 46: 397-98; EAL 9: 198-200; WMQ 32: 355-56. 500 Scheick, William J. The Writings of Jonathan Edwards: Theme, Motif, and Style. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1975. xiv, 162 p. ISBN 0890960046; OCLC 1531784; LC Call Number PS742 .S3; Dewey 285.8/092/4. Citations: 5. Holdings: 557. Argues that Edwards initially emphasized the laws of nature and reason as expressions of God's mind, but that later in life he "focused on the ability of the soul, independent of the sensorium, to detect intuitively the 'inward sweetness' of grace." Concludes that this focus on interior feeling led Edwards to experiment with his rhetoric to achieve maximum emotional response in his audience. Am Lit 49: 454-55; EAL 14: 342-43; WMQ 34: 169-71. 501 Schlenther, Boyd Stanley, ed. The Life and Writings of Francis Makemie. Philadelphia, Perm.: Presbyterian Historical Society, 1971. 287 p. OCLC 217105; LC Call Number BX9225.M34 A3; Dewey 285/.2/0924 B. Citations: 7. Holdings: 166. Publishes all known extant writings of Makemie, the "Father of American Presbyterianism" and staunch opponent of a state church in New York. Papers cover debates with George Keith on catechism and proceedings of Lord Combury's court. JAH 59: 405-406. 502 Scott, Donald M. From Office to Profession: The New England Ministry, 1750-1850. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978. xv, 199 p. ISBN 0812277376; OCLC 3447161; LC Call Number BR520 .S36; Dewey 253/.0974. Citations: 68. Holdings: 568. Argues that the role and status of the New England clergy changed between 1750 and 1850 from a greatly respected, stable, public office to a mobile profession accorded less deference and controlled by the laity. Finds that the change resulted from the development of political parties and the abolitionist movement. AHR 83: 1342-43; JAH 65: 1117; U103: 883; WMQ 36: 305-306. 503 Sernett, Milton C. Black Religion and American Evangelicalism: White Protestants, Plantation Missions, and the Flowering of Negro Christianity, 1787-1865. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1975. xvi, 17-320 p. ISBN 081080803X; OCLC 1207385; LC Call Number BR563.N4 S47; Dewey 280/.4/0975. Citations: 15. Holdings: 748. Examines missionary efforts to the slaves on plantations on behalf of white churches between the Constitution and the end of the Civil War, as well as the development of black churches. Emphasizes the role of the evangelical movement, which sought mass conversion of slaves, especially the efforts of Morris Brown, Christopher Rush, Daniel A. Payne, and Reverend William P. Quinn. JAH 62: 982-83.

134 Books on Early American History and Culture 504 Shuffelton, Frank. Thomas Hooker, 1586-1647. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977. xii, 324 p. ISBN 0691052492; OCLC 2985479; LC Call Number BX7260.H596 S55; Dewey 285/.8/0924 . Citations: 15. Holdings: 678. Presents the first modem biography of Hooker. Discusses Hooker's ideas and life, with particular attention to education, conversion, exile in the Netherlands, journey to Massachusetts, and participation in theological controversies. Contends that Hooker emphasized meditative piety and preparationist theology and was influential in New England "as a preacher and pastor, as a theologian, and as an architect of the religious community." AHR 83: 792-93; Am Lit 50: 121-22; CJH 13: 275-76; EAL 13: 139-41; JAH 65: 424. 505 Silverman, Kenneth, ed. Selected Letters of Cotton Mather. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971. xxvi, 446 p. ISBN 0807109207; OCLC 241398; LC Call Number F67 .M4215; Dewey 917.3/03/25. Citations: 22. Holdings: 696. Includes over 400 of Mather's letters along with introductions and explanatory essays. Concludes that letters show that Mather sought to "restore American Puritanism to the mainstream of European culture." AHR IS: 141-42; Am Lit 44: 176. 506 Smith, Elwyn A., ed. The Religion of the Republic. Philadelphia, Perm.: Fortress Press, 1971. viii, 296 p. OCLC 217830; LC Call Number BR515 .R44; Dewey 200/.973. Citations: 11. Holdings: 680. Presents eleven essays covering the development of Judaism, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism in America, and the Protestant clergy's role in the drafting of the First Amendment. AHR 79: 215-216. 507 Smith, Elwyn A. Religious Liberty in the United States: The Development of Church State Thought since the Revolutionary Era. Philadelphia, Perm.: Fortress Press, 1972. xiv, 386 p. ISBN 0800600711; OCLC 356930; LC Call Number BR516 .S57. Citations: 17. Holdings: 924. Explores the idea of religious liberty in the writings of Isaac Backus, and James Madison, the role of Reformed theology and the Catholicism of John Carroll, John Courtney Murray, and John England, and the separation of church and state as a legal issue. AHR IS: 1125-26. 508 Smith, George L. Religion and Trade in New Netherlands: Dutch Origins and American Development. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1973. xiii, 266 p. ISBN 0801407907; OCLC 842976; LC Call Number BR555.N7 S62; Dewey 261. Citations: 15. Holdings: 513. Explains the relationship between trade and religion in New Netherlands, focusing on the role of Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch Reformed Church. Contends that the West India Company demanded toleration patterned after Amsterdam, which created a pluralistic colony oriented toward trade. AHR 80: 481-82; CHR 56: 96-97; JAH 61: 457-58.

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509 Solberg, Winton U. Redeem the Time: The Puritan Sabbath in Early America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977. xii, 406 p. ISBN 0674751302; OCLC 2372825; LC Call Number BV111 .S64; Dewey 263/.0973. Citations: 31. Holdings: 710. Explores the idea of Sabbath in early American Puritan thought. Notes that Puritans were influenced by Covenant theology and conditions in England to become strictly observant and that in all colonies the Sabbath influenced patterns of work, and attitudes toward God, family, religion, and the state. AHR 83: 266-67; JAH65: 128; WMQ 35: 162-64. 510 Sprunger, Keith L. The Learned Doctor William Ames: Dutch Backgrounds of English and American Puritanism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972. xi, 289 p. ISBN 0252002334; OCLC 483544; LC Call Number BX9339.A65 S6; Dewey 285/.9/0924. Citations: 35. Holdings: 424. Contextualizes the career of Ames in England and the Netherlands, focusing on production of pamphlets and opposition from radical Puritans to English authorities. Examines Ames's conversion by William Perkins, academic careers at Cambridge and Colchester, life as an army chaplain, and exile in the Netherlands. AHR 79: 755-56; JAH 60: 111-112; WMQ 30: 538-40. 511 Stagg, Albert. The First Bishop of Sonora: Antonio de los Reyes, O.F.M. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976. ix, 109 p. ISBN 0816504865; OCLC 2422628; LC Call Number BX4705.R49 S73; Dewey 266/.2/0924 B. Citations: 1. Holdings: 218. Tells the story of Reyes, Franciscan missionary on the northern frontier of eighteenth-century New Spain. Notes particularly his service at Cucurpe in central Sonora and appointment as bishop of Sonora. Notes that he attempted to improve the mission system in the face of opposition from subordinates and secular authorities. Concludes that he was a competent administrator who was sympathetic toward the Indians. JAH 64:752. 512 Stannard, David E. The Puritan Way of Death: A Study in Religion, Culture, and Social Change. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. xii, 236 p. ISBN 0195022262; OCLC 3016522; LC Call Number BT825 .S76; Dewey 230/.5/9. Citations: 118. Holdings: 1588. Explains how New England Puritans handled death. Argues that Puritan theological considerations of depravity and uncertainty about salvation caused them to face death with tremendous fear. AHR 84: 249-50; JAH 66: 631; J Soc Hist 13: 338-42; U 102: 1297; New Republic 177 (10 Dec 77): 32-34; WMQ 35: 757-58. 513 Stein, Stephen, ed. The Works of Jonathan Edwards. Vol. 5: Apocalyptic Writings. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1977. x, 501 p. ISBN 0300019459; OCLC 2680833; LC Call Number BS2825.A2; Dewey 285/.8; Dewey 228/.06. Citations: 10. Holdings: 602. Publishes Edwards's notes on apocalyptic Scriptures and An Humble Attempt.

136 Books on Early American History and Culture WMQ 35: 758-61. 514 Steiner, Bruce E. Samuel Seabury, 1729-1796: A Study in the High Church Tradition. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1972. xiii, 508 p. ISBN 0821400983; OCLC 403176; LC Call Number BX5995.S3 S73; Dewey 283/.092/4. Citations: 7. Holdings: 395. Discusses the life of Seabury, including his years as a parish priest, pamphleteer in the King's College controversy, and appointment as bishop for the Episcopal Church of Scotland. AHR 80: 178; JAH 59: 982-83; WMQ 30: 537-38. 515 Stoeffler, F. Ernest, ed. Continental Pietism and Early American Christianity. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1976. 276 p. ISBN 08028164IX; OCLC 1993241; LC Call Number BR1652.U6 C66; Dewey 280/.0973. Citations: 18. Holdings: 611. Includes essays on the influence of pietism on colonial American Mennonites and Lutherans, Reformed pietism, colonial Moravianism, radical pietism, the influence of pietism upon the Wesleys and Methodist beginnings in America, and the Brethren in early American church life. WMQ 34: 348-49. 516 Stoever, William K. B. 'A Faire and Easie Way to Heaven': Covenant Theology and Antinomianism in Early Massachusetts. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1978. xi, 251 p. ISBN 0819550248; OCLC 3730878; LC Call Number BT155 .S77; Dewey 238. Citations: 53. Holdings: 538. Recounts the ministerial debate between John Cotton, who emphasized the Spirit in salvation, and Peter Bulkeley and Thomas Shepard, who viewed regenerating grace more objectively. Places the debate in the context of Reformed and English Puritan theology and concludes that Cotton was an innovator, while his opponents fell well within the Reformed tradition. AHR 84: 1140; EAL 16: 92-93; JAH 66: 377; WMQ 36: 480-83. 517 Stowell, Marion Barber. Early American Almanacs: The Colonial Weekday Bible. New York: B. Franklin, 1977. xviii, 331 p. ISBN 0891020632; OCLC 2595425; LC Call Number AY31.A1 S8; Dewey 082 S893e; Dewey 051. Citations: 20. Holdings: 619. Describes the role of almanacs in colonial life, particularly as a source of entertainment and factual information. Examines the history, production, and popularization of the almanac, emphasizing its importance to the wider culture. AHR 84: 539-40; Am Lit 51: 112-113; JAH65: 429; LI 102: 926-27. 518 Van Dyken, Seymour. Samuel Willard, 1640-1707: Preacher of Orthodoxy in an Era of Change. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1972. 224 p. ISBN 0802834086; OCLC 315213; LC Call Number BX7260.W5 V3; Dewey 285/.9/0924. Citations: 5. Holdings: 244.

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Tells the story of Willard, pastor of Boston's South Church and acting president of Harvard College. Contends that Willard sought to defend the core principles of first-generation orthodoxy by adapting them slightly in each crisis. AHR 79: \24S-49; JAH 59: 681-82; WMQ 30: 181-83. 519 Van Til, L. John. Liberty of Conscience: The History of a Puritan Idea. Nutley, N.J.: Craig Press, 1972. vi, 192 p. OCLC 713967; LC Call Number BV741 .V32; Dewey 323.44/2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 164. Studies the idea of liberty of conscience from Elizabethan England to the American Revolution. Distinguishes between toleration and liberty of conscience and finds a strong strain of the latter in the English dissenting tradition of William Perkins, the Westminster Confession, and John Locke. Notes that generally liberty of conscience was considered a God-given right. JAH 60: 776-77. 520 Vaughan, Alden T. and Francis Bremer, eds. Puritan New England: Essays on Religion, Society, and Culture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977. 395 p. ISBN 0312656955; OCLC 3120944; LC Call Number BX9355.N35; Dewey 285/.9/0974. Citations: 12. Holdings: 734. Reprints 21 previously published essays as a primer to New England Puritanism. Articles cover English Puritanism, faith and practice, Puritan social order, dissent, aesthetics, revival, and the legacy of Puritanism. CJH 13: 120-21. 521 Vivan, Itala. Caccia alle streghe nelVAmerica puritana. Milano: Rizzoli, 1972. 751 p. OCLC 975294; LC Call Number BF1576 .V58; Dewey 133.43. Citations: 1. Holdings: 23. Presents a general history of Puritanism and its influence on American culture. Includes Puritan views on dissent, religious ideas, and relationship with Indians. AHR IS: 1118. 522 Wellenreuther, Hermann. Glaube und Politik in Pennsylvania, 1681-1776: Die Wandlungen der Obrigkeitsdoktrin und des Peace Testimony der Quaker. Koln, Bohlau, 1972. xx, 475 p. ISBN 3412912727; OCLC 528875; LC Call Number BX7648.P4 W43; Dewey 277.48. Citations: 8. Holdings: 101. Analyzes the application of Pennsylvania Quaker pre-Revolution peace teachings. Argues that there was an inherent contradiction between pacificsm and colonial governance, which became very clear in the imperial wars of the eighteenth century leading to the Revolution. AHR 80: \3S0;JAH 60: 422-23; WMQ31: 154-56. 523 White, Eugene E. Puritan Rhetoric: The Issue of Emotion in Religion. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1972. xiv, 215 p. ISBN 0809305631; OCLC 410446; LC Call Number BR112 .W46; Dewey 285/.9. Citations: 18. Holdings: 666. Traces the development of the form and content of the Puritan sermon in America. Analyzes sermons of Jonathan Edwards, Charles Chauncey, and Ebenezer Gay, noting the tension between emotion and reason.

138 Books on Early American History and Culture Am Lit 44: 706; JAH 60: 110. 524 Williams, George H., ed. Thomas Hooker: Writings in England and Holland, 1626-1633. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975. ix, 435 p. ISBN 0674885201; OCLC 1956712; LC Call Number BX7117 .H58; Dewey 230/.5/8. Citations: 10. Holdings: 387. Includes "Spiritual Munition; A Funeral Sermon," "The Church's Deliverances," "The Carnal Hypocrite," "Epistle to the Reader of John Rogers' The Doctrine of Faith," "The Poor Doubting Christian Drawn unto Christ," "The Faithful Covenanter," "The Danger of Desertion," "Answers to the XX Questions by John Paget," "Letter from Rotterdam to John Cotton," and "Preface to William Ames' a Fresh Suit Against Ceremonies." AHR 84: 747; EAL 12: 88-90; JAH 65: 425; WMQ 34: 166-68; WMQ 35: 76163. 525 Worrall, Arthur J. Quakers in the Colonial Northeast. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1980. x, 238 p. ISBN 0874511747; OCLC 5939531; LC Call Number BX7639 .W67; Dewey 289.6/74 19. Citations: 27. Holdings: 579. Examines Quaker discipline and politics in New England and Friends' positions on oaths, military service, taxation, and slave owning and slave trading. Finds that Quaker Meeting discipline was most severe in older meetings, especially after 1770, and that compromise and gentleness were more common in areas where Quakers were numerous. AHR 86: 643-44; JAH68: 111; WMQ 39: 545-46. 526 Youngs, J. William T., Jr. God's Messengers: Religious Leadership in Colonial New England, 1700-1750. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. xi, 176 p. ISBN 0801817994; OCLC 2557559; LC Call Number BX7136 .Y68; Dewey 253/.0974. Citations: 34. Holdings: 668. Describes the New England clergy, especially their education, ordination, daily lives, and pastoral duties. Argues that throughout the early eighteenth century the clergy sought to increase their authority and status and were locked in struggles with the laity for church control. AHR 83: \0S3-S4; JAH65: 127; WMQ34: 677-78. 527 Ziff, Larzer. Puritanism in America: New Culture in a New World. New York: Viking Press 1973. xiv, 338 p. ISBN 0670583103; OCLC 737005; LC Call Number F7 .Z53; Dewey 917.4/03/2. Citations: 52. Holdings: 1229. Focuses on the functioning of Puritan ideas in the everyday lives of New Englanders. Asserts that the idea of being "chosen people" psychologically helped Puritans cope in the New World wilderness and shaped their reactions to domestic crises like Indian wars, antinomianism, witchcraft, and political problems. AHR 79: 1248; JAH 61: 158-59; WMQ 31:493-95.

17 American Revolution

528 Adams, Thomas R. The American Controversy: A Bibliographical Study of the British Pamphlets about the American Disputes, 1764-17S3. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press for the Bibliographical Society of America, 1980. 2 vols. ISBN 0870571508; OCLC 6555616; LC Call Number Z1238 .A39; Dewey 016.97327 19. Citations: 16. Holdings: 347. Arranges British pamphlets on American issues chronologically, along with descriptions, libraries in which they are located, and appendices on answers to pamphlets. Seeks to "stimulate further inquiry into the bibliographical or historical aspects of the role played by printing and publishing in political affairs." U 106: 1062; WMQ 38: 531-33. 529 Albanese, Catherine L. Sons of the Fathers: The Civil Religion of the American Revolution. Philadelphia, Perm.: Temple University Press, 1976. xiv, 274 p. ISBN 0877220735; OCLC 2821665; LC Call Number E209 .A4; Dewey 209/.73. Citations: 48. Holdings: 814. Examines the American Revolution as a religious event, complete with rituals (e.g. liberty trees), crusade language, and the mythology of Washington. Concludes that essentially an American civil religion emerged and that the American Revolution was "in itself a religious experience." AHR 82: 1322-23; EAL 12: 202-203; J Politics 40: 552-53; U 101: 2381; WMQ 35: 171-73. 530 Alden, John R. 1776. Sarasota, Fla.: S. Stevens, 1976. 142 p. ISBN 088866575x; OCLC 3291513; LC Call Number E208 .S49; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 179.

140 Books on Early American History and Culture Presents papers from the October 1974 McMaster Association for Eighteenth Century Studies Symposium. Includes articles on the decision for war and the impact of the Revolution on Canada and Spanish America. JAH65: 130-31. 531 Ammerman, David. In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974. xii, 170 p. ISBN 0813905257; OCLC 828297; LC Call Number E210 .A45; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 10. Holdings: 579. Argues that resistance to the Coercive Acts represented the turning point of the colonists toward the Revolution. Contends that the opposition to the Acts cut across social and political lives and took the form of effective committees, which facilitated communication and the enforcement of nonimportation and nonconsumption agreements. AHR 81: 961-63; JAH62: 380-81; WMQ33: 688-90. 532 Angermann, Erich, Marie-Luise Frings, Hermann Wellenreuther, eds. New Wine in Old Skins: A Comparative View of Socio-Political Structures and Values Affecting the American Revolution. Stuttgart: Klett, 1976. 204 p. ISBN 3129103104; OCLC 2875779; LC Call Number JK54 .N47; Dewey 309.1/73/02. Citations: 26. Holdings: 107. Presents essays from a Bicentennial Symposium at the University of Cologne in February 1976. Articles examine revolution and empire, the Shays' and Whiskey rebellions, the relationship of the army to society in revolutionary America, elections and politics, popular ideology, and psychological dimensions of the Revolution. JAH 64: 768. 533 Balderston, Marion, and David Syrett, eds. The Lost War: Letters from British Officers during the American Revolution. New York: Horizon Press, 1975. xi, 237 p. ISBN 081800813X; OCLC 1992995; LC Call Number E203 .L67; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 8. Holdings: 791. Publishes selections from the letter book of Basil Fielding, sixth earl of Denbigh. Letters take up his efforts on behalf of friends in the British forces and include descriptions of combat in the Revolutionary War. Includes an introduction, which places letters in context, and annotations to the letters themselves. AHR 81: 1227; JAH63: 396-97; U101: 708; WMQ 34: 147-48. 534 Bellot, Leland J. William Knox: The Life and Thought of an EighteenthCentury Imperialist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977. xii, 264 p. ISBN 0292790074; OCLC 2463600; LC Call Number DA506.K58 B44; Dewey 973.3/1/0924. Citations: 9. Holdings: 450. Considers the formation of Knox's thought, his early life in Georgia, his work as an undersecretary in the British American Department during the Revolution. Portrays Knox as a well-intentioned administrator who sought to maintain British rule in America, but was frustrated by Lord North's ill-fated ministry and British military failures.

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AHRS3: 16\;JAH65: 135;L/102: 1838; WMQ35: 576-7S. 535 Berkin, Carol. Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of an American Loyalist. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. xi, 200 p. ISBN 0231038518; OCLC 947967; LC Call Number E278.S512 B512; Dewey 973.3/14/0924. Citations: 5. Holdings: 904. Chronicles Sewall's role in Massachusetts politics between 1761 and 1775, and considers the social forces that shaped him and influenced his loyalism. AHR 81: 961-62; CJH 10: 287-88; JAH 62: 381-82; U100: 118; WMQ 32: 65456. 536 Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N. Russia and the American Revolution. Tallahassee, Fla.: Diplomatic Press, 1976. Translated by C. Jay Smith, xiv, 277 p. ISBN 0910512205; OCLC 1959682; LC Call Number E249 .B6413; Dewey 973.3/2/7. Citations: 5. Holdings: 324. Examines the diplomatic role of Russia during the Revolution, the Francis Dana mission (1781-83), the beginnings of trade between the colonies and Russia, the establishment of scientific and cultural ties, A.N. Radishchev's role, and the participation of individual Russians in the Revolution. Concludes that Russia was of "vital significance" in the American struggle for independence. AHR 84: 115-16. 537 Bowden, David K. The Execution of Isaac Hayne. Lexington, S.C.: Sandlapper Store, 1977. 102 p. ISBN 0878440372; OCLC 3143368; LC Call Number E263.S7H392; Dewey 973.3/81. Citations: 1. Holdings: 153. Examines the execution in August 1781 of a South Carolina planter and militia colonel for treason against the Crown. Notes that Hayne's case was typical of a conflict that forced individuals of high status to choose sides and that the risks were significant no matter what the choice. JAH 65: 139-40. 538 Bowman, Larry G. Captive Americans: Prisoners During the American Revolution. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1976. viii, 146 p. ISBN 0821402153 (hbk.); ISBN 0821402293 (pbk.); OCLC 2728213; LC Call Number E281 .B76; Dewey 973.3/7. Citations: 10. Holdings: 549. Argues that British treatment of American prisoners during the Revolution was fairly humane, that the British treated them as prisoners of war even without formal recognition of that status until near the end of the war, and that prisoner exchanges were extremely limited. AHR 82: 1065; JAH64: 421; U102: 705-706. 539 Bray, Robert C. and Paul E. Bushnell, eds. Diary of a Common Soldier in the American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Annotated Edition of the Military Journal of Jeremiah Greenman. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1978. xliv, 333 p. OCLC 3516600; LC Call Number E275 .G78; Dewey 973.3/3/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 718. Presents the diary of Greenman, a Continental soldier from Rhode Island who participated in the Quebec campaign (where he was imprisoned by the British),

142 Books on Early American History and Culture the battle of Monmouth, the invasion of Rhode Island, the defense of Fort Mifflin, and the Hudson valley. JAH 66: 124-25. 540 Bridenbaugh, Carl. Silas Downer: Forgotten Patriot: His Life and Writings. Providence, R.I.: Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation, 1974. 118 p. OCLC 1433817; LC Call Number F82.D68 B74; Dewey 973.3/11/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 230. Discusses the life of Downer, a Rhode Island politician in the Revolutionary era. Presents documents by or about Downer produced between 1764 and 1768. Concludes that Downer was a skillful orator who made "outstanding" contributions to the Revolutionary cause. JAH 62:973. 541 Bridenbaugh, Carl. The Spirit of76: The Growth of American Patriotism Before Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. xii, 162 p. OCLC 1721532; LC Call Number E210 .B74; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 5. Holdings: 1253. Argues that the development of the American nation occurred over a long period of time before the Revolution, and that the separation from England came about as a result of strengthened intercolonial ties, American consciousness, urbanization, and colonists' looking toward the frontier. JAH 63: 394; U100: 1214; WMQ 33: 549-52. 542 Buel, Richard. Dear Liberty: Connecticut's Mobilization for the Revolutionary War. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1980. xiii, 425 p. ISBN 0819550477; OCLC 6251348; LC Call Number E263.C5 B83; Dewey 973.3/09746. Citations: 32. Holdings: 482. Takes up issues of financing and supplying forces in the field, recruitment, and the effect of war mobilization on Connecticut. Finds that the people of Connecticut hoped for a quick victory, but that as the War dragged on the colony suffered severe social and economic difficulties and outmigration. Explains that, despite problems, Connecticut was still able to supply thousands of soldiers to the Revolutionary effort throughout the War. AHR 86: 918; JAH68: 364; U105: 2407; WMQ 39: 375-77. 543 Calhoon, Robert M. The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 1760-1781. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. xviii, 580 p. ISBN 0151547459; OCLC 640906; LC Call Number E277 .C24; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 18. Holdings: 927. Summarizes and evaluates loyalist historiography and seeks "to make the loyalists intelligible and comprehensible." Notes that previous scholars have examined loyalist ideas and attitudes and have tried to determine who they were. Presents sketches of loyalists from various periods and concludes that loyalists showed "total antipathy to popular political activity and expressions of discontent." AHR 80: 487-88; CHR 56: 491-93; JAH63: 1001-1002; WMQ 31: 495-96.

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544 Calhoon, Robert M. Revolutionary America: An Interpretive Overview. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976. ix, 212 p. ISBN 0155767127; OCLC 2237596; LC Call Number E210 .C34; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 351. Surveys scholars' ideas about the Revolutionary era, focusing on ideas of empire, resistance, war, and constitutionalism. JAH 63: 997. 545 Cappon, Lester J. Atlas of Early American History: The Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790. Princeton, N.J.: Published for the Newberry Library and the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the Princeton University Press, 1976. 157 p. OCLC 1582479; LC Call Number G1201.S3 A8; Dewey 911/.73. Citations: 45. Holdings: 1464. Includes maps detailing mail routes, newspaper circulation, locations of churches, academies, and ironworks, customs districts, loyalist settlements, Revolutionary military activities, the Proclamation of 1763, western settlements, congressional and state legislative representation, and Federalist and Antifederalist areas. AHR 82: 432; Atl Month 238 (Sept 76): 97; CHR 58: 348-51; JAH 66: 637; U 101: 2357-58; WMQ 34: 310-312. 546 Champagne, Roger J. Alexander McDougall and the American Revolution in New York. Schenectady, N.Y.: New York State American Revolution Bicentennial Commission in conjunction with Union College Press, 1975. xiii, 280 p. ISBN 0912765055; OCLC 1174739; LC Call Number E207.M12 C47; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 11. Holdings: 542. Presents a biography of McDougall, general in the Revolution, friend of Washington, founder of New York City's first commercial bank, and state political leader. Emphasizes McDougall's role in political and military affairs and notes the evolution of his thinking through the 1770s. CJH 11: 130-31; JAH 63: 111; Labor Hist 17: 115-19; LJ 100: 1412; WMQ 33: 163-65. 547 Christie, Ian R. and Benjamin W. Labaree. Empire or Independence, 17601776: A British-American Dialogue on the Coming of the American Revolution. New York: Norton, 1976. xi, 332 p. ISBN 0393055566; OCLC 2195456; LC Call Number E210 .C54; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 14. Holdings: 1025. Surveys the events leading to the American Revolution from the perspectives of individuals in England and America. Concludes that "In the end it was not what Great Britain intended by its policies that mattered, but what intentions the Americans suspected." L/101: 1116; WMQ 34: 657-59. 548 Coleman, John M. Thomas McKean: Forgotten Leader of the Revolution. Rockaway, N.J.: American Faculty Press, 1975. xv, 332 p. ISBN 0912834072; OCLC 1363529; LC Call Number E302.6.M13 C64; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 3. Holdings: 548.

144 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines the life of McKean through 1780, focusing on his role in Pennsylvania politics prior to the Declaration of Independence. Notes that there was division on the issue of independence, but that McKean attempted to secure unanimity on the matter. AHR 81: 961-62; APSR 71: 1172; JAH 62: 972-73; WMQ 33: 166-68; WMQ 34: 673-75. 549 Crow, Jeffrey J. and Larry E. Tise, ed. The Southern Experience in the American Revolution. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1978. xvii, 310 p. ISBN 0807813133; OCLC 3205585; LC Call Number E230.5.S7 S68; Dewey 973.3/0975. Citations: 38. Holdings: 917. Essays cover social and political origins of the Revolution in the South, early revolutionary leaders in the South and the problem of southern distinctiveness, personality development and the American Revolution in the southern colonies, political culture, social change, and the origins of the American Revolution in Virginia (1763-1766), class, mobility, and conflict in North Carolina on the eve of the Revolution, the British strategy for pacifying the southern colonies (17781781), Carolina and Georgia patriot and loyalist militia (1778-1783), southern women and the American Revolution, British Caribbean and North American slaves in the Revolutionary era (1775-1807), and republicanism and the slave society. AHR 84: 844-45; CJH 14: 477-78; JAH 66: 383; WMQ 37: 676-79. 550 Cumming, William P. and Hugh F. Rankin. The Fate of a Nation: The American Revolution through Contemporary Eyes. New York : Praeger, 1975. 352 p. ISBN 0714816442; OCLC 1560694; LC Call Number E208 .C87; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 1. Holdings: 993. Selects and gives captions for 240 illustrations of people, battles, maps, and events produced prior to 1800. Also presents textual accounts of the Revolution from both American and British participants. JAH63: 109. 551 Curwen, Samuel. The Journal of Samuel Curwen, Loyalist. Edited by Andrew Oliver. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, for the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., 1972. xxxiv, 1083 p. ISBN 0674483804; OCLC 570786; LC Call Number E278.C9 A34; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 8. Holdings: 429. Presents the journal of Samuel Curwen, loyalist and merchant from Salem, Massachusetts, who spent the American Revolution in exile in England. Includes extensive annotations and identification of individuals. AHR7S: 1525; JAH60: 1104-1105; WMQ30: 675-76. 552 Dann, John C , ed. The Revolution Remembered: Eyewitness Accounts of the War for Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. xxvi, 446 p. ISBN 0226136221; OCLC 5285932; LC Call Number E275.A2 R48; Dewey 973.3/8. Citations: 26. Holdings: 1578.

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Collects Revolutionary soldiers' narratives from their pension records. Focuses particularly on state and local militia members. Includes background information on soldiers or sailors, including black and female participants. Atl Month 246 (July 80): 86-87; U 105: 1082; New Republic (26 July 80): 3234; WMQ 3S: 140-41. 553 Davies, K. G., ed. Documents of the American Revolution, 1770-1783. Colonial Office Series. Vol. 1: Calendar, 1770-1771; Vol. 2: Transcripts, 1770; Vol. 3: Transcripts, 1771. New York: Irish University Press, 1973. 1156 pp. ISBN 0716520850; OCLC 836225; LC Call Number E203 .G68; 973.2/7. Citations: 2. Holdings: 465. Documents describe "the situation in which the administration in Whitehall was placed." Calendars 2,984 documents and transcribes 281 of those. Publishes mostly letters from the American secretary to colonial governors, military commanders, lesser American officials, and to other departments in London. AHR 80: 488-89; WMQ 31: 683-85. 554 Davies, K. G., ed. Documents of the American Revolution, 1770-1783. Vol. 19: Calendar, 1781-1783, and Addenda, 1770-1780; Vol. 20: Transcripts, 1781. Shannon: Irish Univ. Press, 1978-79. OCLC 635037; LC Call Number E203 .G68; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 7. Holdings: 23. Calendars and prints documents from the British "colonial office" in an effort to "recreate the situation as regards information in which the Secretary of State for the American Department found himself." Includes an introduction covering major events of the period. AHR S6: 1146-47. 555 Dearden, Paul F. The Rhode Island Campaign of 1778: Inauspicious Dawn of Alliance. Providence, R.I.: Published for the Rhode Island Publications Society by the Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation, 1980. xv, 169 p. ISBN 0917012178 (pbk.); OCLC 8032064; LC Call Number E241.R4 D4; Dewey 973.3/34. Citations: 3. Holdings: 148. Examines the failed Franco-American campaign to defeat the British in August 1778. Focuses on the siege of Newport, arguing that the French Admiral D'Estaing was justified in withdrawing in the face of a superior British force under the command of Admiral Richard Howe. AHR 87: 248-49. 556 Dippel, Horst. Germany and the American Revolution, 1770-1800: A Sociohistorical Investigation of Late Eighteenth-Century Political Thinking. Translated by Bernhard A. Uhlendorf. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 1977. xxiv, 448 p. ISBN 080781301X; OCLC 2798870; LC Call Number E209 .D5713; Dewey 301.15/43/9733. Citations: 31. Holdings: 650. Surveys late eighteenth-century German perceptions of America and the American Revolution by region and social class. Notes that in 1776 many Germans had an overly idealized view of America, but little factual knowledge,

146 Books on Early American History and Culture and that this changed with the progression of the Enlightenment and French Revolution. AHR 83: \2S0-S\; JAH65: 759; WMQ35: 742-44. 557 Dupuy, R. Ernest, Gay Hammerman, and Grace P. Hayes. The American Revolution: A Global War. New York: D. Mckay, 1977. viii, 311 p. ISBN 0679506489; OCLC 2597513; LC Call Number E269.F67 D86; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 799. Discusses European balance of power after the Seven Years' War, causes of the American Revolution, the use of foreigners in Continental and British armies, the peace settlement, and the interests of the governments of France, Spain, and the Netherlands in the conflict. Finds that Britain's naval forces were fully engaged around the world and that action in North America was just one part of a global conflict. AHR 83: 800; JAH 65: 129; U 102: 487-88. 558 East, Robert A. and Jacob Judd, eds. The Loyalist Americans: A Focus on Greater New York. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1975. xiv, 173 p. ISBN 091288214X; OCLC 1217333; LC Call Number F123 .L7; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 5. Holdings: 702. Essays examine the British perspective of the loyalist problem in the lower Hudson valley, the guerrilla activities of James DeLancey's cowboys in Westchester County, loyalist Frederick Philipse III of Westchester County, loyalist Peter Van Schaack, the career of William Franklin, and the New York loyalists. Provides an appendix on the Philipse estate. AHR 81: 962-63;JAH63: 112; LI 100: 1822; WMQ33: 542-44. 559 Everest, Allan S. Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1976. xi, 217 p. ISBN 0815601298; OCLC 2597340; LC Call Number E269.C27 E9; Dewey 973.3/46/0924. Citations: 2. Holdings: 496. Discusses Hazen's imprisonment by and commission offers from Americans and Canadians, his command of a Canadian force on the American side, and his efforts to gather a force for the invasion of Canada. Describes his service in the French and Indian War and in the Revolution at Long Island, Brandywine, Germantown, and Yorktown. AHR 83: 1339; CHR 59: 224-25; WMQ 36: 146-47. 560 Fast, Howard. The Crossing. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1971. 213 p. OCLC 11460714; LC Call Number E241.T7 F27; Dewey 973.33/2. Citations: 0. Holdings: 2265. Examines Washington's Trenton-Princeton campaign (1776), with special focus on the capture of the Hessians at Trenton. Characterizes Washington as a farsighted, patient, persuasive, temperamental, and brave leader. AHR 77: 203. 561 Ferguson, E. James. The American Revolution: A General History, 17631790. Homewood, 111., Dorsey Press, 1974. x, 255 p. ISBN 0256015147;

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OCLC 805165; LC Call Number E208 .F4; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 3. Holdings: 513. Surveys the Revolutionary era, noting that social mobility was declining in America toward the end of the eighteenth century, but that the economy was healthier than in Europe and allowed for a better standard of living. Argues that men like Robert Morris were particularly important in the establishment of a strong central government. JAH 61: 769-70; WMQ 32: 143-44. 562 Ferling, John E., ed. The American Revolution: The Home Front. Carrollton, Ga.: West Georgia College, 1976. vii, 106 p. OCLC 2799552; LC Call Number E209.A5; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 104. Collects essays on the Revolution and the southern social structure, urbanism and social stratification, the impact of the Revolution on Virginia's Anglican churches, loyalist Jonathan Boucher, laborers' and other ordinary individuals' views of the Revolution, and the adoption of the Electoral College in the Constitution. CJH 12: 126-27. 563 Ferling, John E. The Loyalist Mind: Joseph Galloway and the American Revolution. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977. 157 p. ISBN 0271005149; OCLC 3088790; LC Call Number E278.G14 F47; Dewey 973.3/2/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 662. Provides a short biography of Galloway, along with discussions of his views on government, empire, and Revolution. Characterizes Galloway as a "mainstream" loyalist, who favored resistance, but rejected revolution, believed that government curbed humans' "mean" tendencies, and saw empire as a natural political extension of the English nation. AHR 83: 1084-85; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 65-71; JAH 65: 758; U 103: 454; WMQ 36: 145-46. 564 Fingard, Judith. The Anglican Design in Loyalist Nova Scotia, 1783-1816. London: Published for the Church Historical Society by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 1972. x, 244 p. ISBN 0281026106; OCLC 348027; LC Call Number BX5611.N8 F55; Dewey 283/.716. Citations: 12. Holdings: 106. Studies the role of the Anglican Church in Nova Scotia after 1783, focusing on the career of Charles Inglis. Contends that the British government saw the Church as a vital link to the remaining North American colonies, but that by 1816 the Church "with its uncompromising stand and dependence on external aid" had become "a minority denomination declining in energy and influence during the years of Inglis' episcopate, fearful of its privileges, jealous of its rivals' success, exclusive, conservative and unimaginative." CHR 53: 447-49. 565 Fleming, Thomas J. 1776: Year of Illusions. New York: Norton, 1975. xii, 525 p. ISBN 0393055426; OCLC 1288498; LC Call Number E232 .F57; Dewey 973.3/32. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1877.

148 Books on Early American History and Culture Concentrates on military actions in 1776, particularly the demoralization of the Continental Army by defeat and internal dissension. Contends that little remained to save the nation except the faith of the Revolutionaries themselves. Atl Month 236 (Sept 75): 85; U100: 1544-45; WMQ 33: 552-53. 566 Fohlen, Claude and Jacques Godechot, eds. La Revolution Americaine et VEurope. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1979. 593 p. ISBN 2222024595; OCLC 7008006; LC Call Number E269.F67 R48; Dewey 973.3/1. Citations: 28. Holdings: 100. Presents papers from a symposium commemorating the 1778 Franco-American alliance. Articles cover the transatlantic influence of Jefferson, Franklin, St. John de Crevecoeur and Condorcet, French political symbolism, constitutional differences between France and the U.S., the influence of American revolutionary ideas on Quebec, and the treaties of 1778. JAH 67: 660-61. 567 Foner, Eric. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. xx, 326 p. ISBN 0195019865; OCLC 1940051; LC Call Number JC178.V2 F65; Dewey 320.5/1/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1609. Traces Paine's activities in America from his arrival in 1774 to his departure in 1787. Describes his reactions to the foment for independence, Pennsylvania politics, and colonial economic policy. Concludes that "In both England and America, Paine's brand of republican ideology struck its deepest chords among the artisans." AHR 85: 715-716; EAL 12: 91-92; New Republic 175 (7 Aug 76): 33-34; WMQ

37: 324-26. 568 Fowler, William M., Jr. Rebels Under Sail: The American Navy during the Revolution. New York: Scribner, 1976. xi, 356 p. ISBN 0684145839; OCLC 1863602; LC Call Number E271 .F68; Dewey 973.3/5. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1079. Covers the Continental Navy, as well as state navies, privateering, Washington's schooner squadron during the siege of Boston, and Benedict Arnold's Lake Champlain fleet. Includes information on navy administration and maritime operational aspects. Stresses the importance of naval activities in the Revolution. AHR S2: 176-77; JAH 63: 997-98; U101: 1012; WMQ 35: 594-95. 569 Fursenko, A.A. Amerikanskaia revoliutsiia i obrazovanie SshA. Edited by V.L Rutenberg. Leningrad: "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1978. 416 p. OCLC 7966704; LC Call Number E208 .F87. Citations: 0. Holdings: 27. Provides a Soviet perspective on the American Revolution that generally shows admiration for the Revolutionaries. AHR 85: 207. 570 Gerlach, Larry R., ed. New Jersey in the American Revolution, 17631783: A Documentary History. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission,

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1975. xx, 474 p. OCLC 1945625; LC Call Number E263.N5 N72; Dewey 974.9/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 176. Publishes 187 letters, speeches, newspaper articles, and other documents with background information. Documents take up issues like taxation, law, loyalism, military matters, Revolutionaries' activities, and everyday life. WMQ 34: 329-31. 571 Gerlach, Larry R. Prologue to Independence: New Jersey in the Coming of the American Revolution. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1976. xxi, 535 p. ISBN 0813508010; OCLC 1256870; LC Call Number F137 .G47; Dewey 974.9/02. Citations: 5. Holdings: 448. Explores New Jersey between 1763 and 1776, specifically its movement from protest to rebellion. Focuses on politics and shows that just after the Seven Years' War New Jersey seemed unlikely to rebel due to its flat social structure and lack of serious political clashes. Notes that New Jersey residents were more cautious and moderate than their neighbors in other colonies and their revolution was more political than social. AHR 82: 430-31; JAH63: 996-97; U101: 1631. 572 Gifford, George E., Jr., ed. Physician Signers of the Declaration of Independence. New York: Science History Publications, 1976. 163 p. ISBN 0882021591; OCLC 2424527; LC Call Number E221 .P55; Dewey 973.3/13/0922. Citations: 3. Holdings: 242. Presents biographies of the five physician signers of the Declaration: Benjamin Rush, Josiah Bartlett, Oliver Wolcott, Matthew Thornton, and Lyman Hall. JAH 65: 137-38. 573 Glover, Michael. General Burgoyne in Canada and America: Scapegoat for a System. London: Gordon & Cremonesi, 1976. 254 p. ISBN 0860330133; OCLC 2230129; LC Call Number DA67.1.B8 G58; Dewey 973.3/41/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 285. Studies Burgoyne's role in the campaign of 1777 and his plans to move south from Canada to Albany, join with another British army in New York and divide and conquer the colonies. Argues that Burgoyne was not at fault in the plan's failure since he did not have all the troops he had been promised and since Howe failed to meet him. AHRS2: 1064-65; U101: 1852-53. 574 Griffith, Samuel B. II. In Defense of the Public Liberty: Britain, America, and the Struggle for Independence—From 1760 to the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1976. 725 p. ISBN 0385025416; OCLC 2344987; LC Call Number E208 .G83; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 2. Holdings: 866. Presents a military history of the Revolution, discussing American and British political and military leaders. Provides global context for the War, including developments in Europe and the West Indies. JAH 65: 432; U 101: 2370; Natl Rev 29 (18 March 77): 347; WMQ 34: 691-93.

150 Books on Early American History and Culture 575 Gruber, Ira D. The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution. New York: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va. by Atheneum, 1972. ix, 396 p. OCLC 333567; LC Call Number E267.G86; Dewey 973.3/3. Citations: 14. Holdings: 955. Describes the Howes' roles in the Revolution and the English political background of their military missions. Finds that the Howes hoped for reconciliation through the end of 1776 and then applied coercive power inconsistently and inefficiently before resigning. Concludes that "personal weaknesses" are to blame for the Howes' military failures. AHR 78: 478-80; CHR 55: 220-22;JAH 60: 117-118; WMQ3Q: 158-61. 576 Harley, J. B., Barbara Bartz Petchenik, and Lawrence W. Towner. Mapping the American Revolutionary War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. viii, 187 p. ISBN 0226316319; OCLC 2966878; LC Call Number GA405.5 .H37 Dewey 911/.73. Citations: 7. Holdings: 445. Presents five essays from a 1974 Newberry Library symposium. Essays focus on how maps were used in the Revolution, military cartography generally, cartographers, and the quality of maps in the Revolution. AHR 84: 846-47. 577 Hatch, Robert McConnell. Thrust for Canada: The American Attempt on Quebec in 1775-1776. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1979. 278 p. ISBN 0395276128; OCLC 4983081; LC Call Number E231 .H37; Dewey 971.02/4. Citations: 7. Holdings: 622. Covers the American reaction to the Quebec Act, Canadian views of their American neighbors, and the military effort against Canada. Focuses on the campaign in the Lake Champlain corridor and suggests that neither Benedict Arnold nor Guy Carleton were great military leaders. JAH 67: 397; U104: 2096. 578 Haynes, Robert V. The Natchez District and the American Revolution. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1976. viii, 191 p. ISBN 0878050728; OCLC 2205569; LC Call Number E230.5.M7 H38; Dewey 977/.01. Citations: 2. Holdings: 314. Examines relationships among loyalists, Revolutionaries, Spaniards, and Indians along the Mississippi River. Tells the story of Natchez, the Willing Raid (1778), the Spanish siege of Baton Rouge, and events at New Orleans, Pensacola, and Mobile. AHR 82: 174; JAH 64: 133. 579 Higginbotham, Don, ed. Reconsiderations on the Revolutionary War: Selected Essays. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978. x, 217 p. ISBN 0837198461; OCLC 3272775; LC Call Number E204 .R4; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 25. Holdings: 537. Presents essays on the American war of independence in world perspective, British military strategy, American strategy, logistics and operations in the American Revolution, American society during the Revolutionary era, the American militia, American generals, the influence of time on the Revolution,

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and the relationship between the Revolutionary War and European military thought and practice in the second half of the eighteenth century. AHR S4: 250-51; JAH 65: 1100. 580 Higginbotham, Don. The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763-1789. New York: Macmillan, 1971. xvi, 509 p. OCLC 142627; LC Call Number E210 .H63; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 45. Holdings: 1527. Sets out "to examine military policy and attitudes toward war" in the Revolutionary period. Describes battles, strategies, tactics, the tension between civil politics and the military, diplomacy, economics, and the impact of the war on America and Europe. JAH5S: 1006-1007; WMQ30: 166-68. 581 Higgins, W. Robert. The Revolutionary War in the South: Power, Conflict, and Leadership. Essays in Honor of John Richard Alden. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1979. xxii, 291 p. ISBN 0822304031; OCLC 5227939; LC Call Number E230.5.S7 R48; Dewey 973.3/0975. Citations: 19. Holdings: 510. Presents a festschrift for John Alden. Includes essays on alternative styles of political leadership in Revolutionary Virginia, the ambivalence of freedom, the South on the eve of the Revolution, James Iredall and the Revolutionary politics of North Carolina, Benjamin Lincoln and American military leadership in the Southern Campaign, Major General Horatio Gates as a military leader, Arthur Lee, autonomy and diplomacy in the American Revolution, the life and death of John Laurens, Britain's Southern strategy, functions of the partisan militia in the South during the American Revolution, and the British withdrawal from the South (1781-85). AHR 85: 978-79; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 49-59. 582 Hoerder, Dirk. Crowd Action in Revolutionary Massachusetts, 1765-1780. New York: Academic Press, 1977. xvi, 394 p. ISBN 0123516501; OCLC 2875465; LC Call Number E263.M4 H65; Dewey 301.18/2/09744. Citations: 51. Holdings: 477. Examines crowd activity, arguing that mobs were disciplined and goal-oriented and directed toward political and social structures. Finds that local riots often involved attacking an individual's displays of wealth or status, especially if the target of animosity profited "at the expense of the rest of the community." Concludes that the primary lesson learned by lower orders in the Revolutionary period was that "officials and the wealthy, whatever their political persuasion, could be opposed." AHR 83: S0X-S02; JAH66: 123; WMQ 37: 322-24. 583 Hoerder, Dirk. People and Mobs: Crowd Action in Massachusetts during the American Revolution, 1765-1780. Berlin: N.P., 1971. vii, 700 p. OCLC 1259944; LC Call Number F67 .H8; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 1. Holdings: 55.

152 Books on Early American History and Culture Studies crowd action, focusing on urban uprisings from the perspective of the participants. Argues that mobs were conscious of social hierarchy and politics, and that rich-poor divides were harnessed by leaders during the Revolution. Contends that crowds distinguished between economic revolts, in which they attacked objects, and anti-authoritarian riots, during which mobs struck at people. Concludes that, in Massachusetts, the presence of English troops antagonized crowds rather than pacifying them. AHR 80: 717-18. 584 Hoffman, Ronald. A Spirit of Dissension: Economics, Politics, and Revolution in Maryland. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. xiv, 280 p. ISBN 0801815215; OCLC 662104; LC Call Number HC107.M3 H63; Dewey 975.2/03. Citations: 27. Holdings: 590. Studies the relationship between economics and power in Maryland. Finds that prior to 1775 the attitudes of planters and merchants toward England depended less on the political activities of Parliament than on the state of the economy. Argues that during the Revolution wealthy Marylanders felt as threatened by lower social groups as they did by England. AHR 80: 713-14; CHR 56: 490-91; CJH 10: 137-38; JAH 62: 108-110; WMQ 32: 144-46. 585 Howson, Gerald. Burgoyne of Saratoga: A Biography. New York: Times Books, 1979. xviii, 360 p. ISBN 0812907701; OCLC 4055970; LC Call Number DA67.1.B8 H68; Dewey 973.3/41/0924. Citations: 2. Holdings: 457. Studies the relationships among Burgoyne, Lord George Germain, Sir Henry Clinton, General William Howe, and General Guy Carleton leading up to the battle at Saratoga. Argues that Burgoyne requested additional forces all along, a call that Germain and Howe ignored. JAH 66: 914-15. 586 Idzerda, Stanley J., ed. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776-1790, Vol. 1: December 7, 1776-March 30, 1778. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977. 535 p. ISBN 0801410312; OCLC 2984634; LC Call Number E207.L2 A4; Dewey 944/.04/092/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 680. Documents cover Lafayette's agreement to serve in the Continental Army, his arrival in America and reception by Congress in Philadelphia, service at Brandywine and Valley Forge, and planning for an expedition into Canada. AHR 87: 250-51; CJH 13: 285-86; JAH 65: 436; WMQ 36: 484-86. 587 Idzerda, Stanley J., ed. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776-1790. Vol. 2: April 10, 1778-March 20, 1780. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. 518 p. OCLC 2984634; LC Call Number E207.L2 A4; Dewey 944/.04/092/4. Citations: 31. Holdings: 680. Examines Lafayette's military career and role in maintaining France's alliance with the American colonists. Covers Lafayette's activities in Pennsylvania, the planning of an attack on Newport, return to France to prepare for an invasion of England, and preparation of a French force for America.

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AHR 87: 250-51; JAH67: 129; WMQ39: 719-21. 588 Jackson, John W. The Pennsylvania Navy, 1775-1781: The Defense of the Delaware. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1974. xiv, 514 p. ISBN 0813507669; OCLC 737064; LC Call Number E271 J26; Dewey 973.3/5. Citations: 1. Holdings: 448. Discusses the defense of the Delaware River by fleets, fortifications, and obstructions. Notes that the Continental Congress, by 1775, had authorized eleven colonies to mobilize maritime forces. Describes the types of vessels used and the land defenses of Fort Mifflin and Fort Monroe. Includes appendices with ship rosters, pay scales, state navy regulations, and fort ordinance. AHR 80: 1385; WMQ 32: 363-64. 589 Jaffa, Harry V. How to Think About the American Revolution. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1978. xii, 183 p. ISBN 0890890331; OCLC 4724921;LC Call Number E209.J32. Citations: 15. Holdings: 339. Argues that the Revolution established new ideas about government based on consent and equality, that the nation was endangered from the beginning by the conflicting, contradictory practice of slavery, and that the Declaration if Independence was a Whiggish document that viewed the King merely was a lawless executive. APSR 73: 1131-32; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 79-88; Natl Rev 30 (22 Dec 78): 16011603. 590 James, Coy Hilton. Silas Deane-Patriot or Traitor? East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1975. viii, 152 p. ISBN 087013194X; OCLC 1818171; LC Call Number E302.6.D25 J35; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 1. Holdings: 334. Considers the case of Deane, who was accused of working against the Revolution and of impropriety in office. Argues that Deane was inept and guilty of questionable activities, but was not a traitor. Concludes that the charges arose instead from a "lack of a well defined line between public and private interest and from a general distrust of the merchant class." JAH63: 389-90; U 100: 2246-47. 591 Jellison, Richard M., ed. Society, Freedom, and Conscience: The American Revolution in Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York. New York: Norton, 1976. v, 233 p. ISBN 0393091600; OCLC 2121400; LC Call Number E263.V8 S58; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 35. Holdings: 497. Consists of revised McClellan Lectures presented at Miami University of Ohio. Essays seek to "offer not only important insights into the Revolution but also reveal the nature and thrust of current research in American colonial history." Essays cover eighteenth-century Virginia political culture, political consciousness of Massachusetts farmers, and New Yorkers who could not bring themselves to support either side in the Revolution. AHR 82: 432-33; JAH 64: 412; U101: 1771.

154 Books on Early American History and Culture 592 Jensen, Merrill. The American Revolution within America. New York: New York University Press, 1974. v, 224 p. ISBN 0814741451; OCLC 1244749; LC Call Number E210 J45; Dewey 320.9/73/03. Citations: 18. Holdings: 605. Publishes the Anson G. Phelps Lectures. Argues that the Revolution allowed existing democratic ideas to be expressed, especially through state legislatures. Concludes that, after 1776, a strong counter-revolution took hold in America led by wealthy elites. WMQ 33: 156-58. 593 Johnson, Patricia Givens. William Preston and the Allegheny Patriots. Pulaski, Va.: B. D. Smith, 1976. xiii, 318 p. OCLC 2524058; LC Call Number E230.5.A43 J63; Dewey 975.5/8/02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 123. Tells the story of Preston, surveyor, farmer, politician and militiaman who died in 1783. Asserts that Preston "more than any individual held Virginia's Allegheny frontier for the American cause." JAH 64: 764-65. 594 Kaplan, Lawrence S., ed. The American Revolution and "A Candid World." Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1977. xiv, 169 p. ISBN 0873382056; OCLC 2965781; LC Call Number E249 .A54; Dewey 973.3/2. Citations: 10. Holdings: 702. Presents essays on George III, the North ministry's politics and efforts at conciliation, early American diplomacy, John Adams and the "model treaty," Catherine the Great, the British opposition and the American Revolution, the law of nations, and the Franco-American alliance from 1775 to 1801. AHR 83: 798-99; JAH 65: 430. 595 Ketchum, Richard M. The Winter Soldiers. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973. 435 p. ISBN 0385054904; OCLC 640266; LC Call Number E259 .K47; Dewey 973.3/44. Citations: 0. Holdings: 1602. Tells the story of Washington's army after the defeats of late 1776. Notes the challenges soldiers faced from combat, disease, and lack of supplies. Describes Washington's winter campaign, asserting that victories at Trenton and Princeton preserved the Revolution. AHR 79: 1624-25. 596 Kevitt, Chester B. General Solomon Lovell and the Penobscot Expedition, 1779. Weymouth, Mass.: Kevitt, 1976. xiii, 185 p. OCLC 2655088; LC Call Number E235 .G46; Dewey 973.3/35 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 67. Describes, using mainly excerpts from journals, letters, and documents, a combined army-navy expedition against the British at Penobscot Bay in June 1779 organized and financed largely by Massachusetts. Notes that it was a costly failure because army commander Solomon Lovell and fleet commander Dudley Saltonstall were unable to agree on a plan of attack. JAH 64: 767-68.

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597 Knollenberg, Bernhard. Growth of the American Revolution, 1766-1775. New York: Free Press, 1975. xxii, 551 p. ISBN 0029171105; OCLC 979186; LC Call Number E210 .K64; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 4. Holdings: 1258. Reviews the main events in the conflict with Britain from the Stamp Act repeal (1766) to Lexington and Concord. Argues that actions by Parliament and the British government were provocative and irrevocable and turned the colonies toward revolution. AHR 81: 653-54; JAH63: 395-96; U100: 759; WMQ 33: 534-36. 598 Kurtz, Stephen G. and James H. Hutson, eds. Essays on the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1973. xi, 320 p. ISBN 0807812048 (hbk.); ISBN 0393094197 (pbk.); OCLC 482672; LC Call Number E208 .E83; Dewey 973.3/08. Citations: 133. Holdings: 1312. Includes essays on the central themes and preconditions of the American Revolution, violence and military conflict of the American revolution, the structure of politics in the Continental Congress, the role of religion in the Revolution, the Revolution considered as a social accident, and conflict and consensus in the Revolution. APSR 68: 1332-33; CHR 55: 474-79; CJH 8: 279-81; JAH 60: 1099-1100; PSQ 90: 170-72; 0^031:311-314. 599 Launitz-Schurer, Leopold S. Loyal Whigs and Revolutionaries: The Making of the Revolution in New York, 1765-1776. New York: New York University Press, 1980. xiv, 225 p. ISBN 0814749941; OCLC 5678246; LC Call Number E263.N6 L38; Dewey 974.7/02. Citations: 14. Holdings: 448. Describes the decline of elites such as the DeLancey and Livingston families and the increasing political power of middle class leadership in pre-Revolution New York. Sees men like Alexander McDougall as embodying more democratic ideals, but downplays the role of economic and social conflict in the decade before the Revolution. AHR 86: 453-54; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 49-59; JAH 68: 918; U 105: 857; WMQ 39:378-81. 600 Lesser, Charles H., ed. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. xxxvii, 262 p. ISBN 0226473325; OCLC 1676162; LC Call Number E259 .S56; Dewey 973.3/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 635. Presents reports on the number of Continental troops in the field each month reconstructed from the so-called "elephant folio." Asserts that the farther removed a unit was from Washington's command, the more likely its troop counts were to be inaccurate and incomplete. L/101: 1013-14; WMQ34: 154-57. 601 Library of Congress. The Development of a Revolutionary Mentality: Library of Congress Symposia on the American Revolution, May 5 and 6, 1972. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1972. 157 p. ISBN 0844400459;

156 Books on Early American History and Culture OCLC 514611; LC Call Number E204 X53; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 699. Includes essays on America and the Enlightenment, European republicanism in the century and a half before 1776, republican virtue, corruption and power in provincial America, royal and republican corruption, the beginnings of American republicanism in the decade prior to independence, the preconditions for American republicanism, and the loyalist critique of the Revolution. CHR 55: 474-79; JAH60: 789-90; WMQ 31: 332-34. 602 Library of Congress. Fundamental Testaments of the American Revolution: Papers Presented at the Second Symposium, May 10 and 11, 1973. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1973. 119 p. ISBN 0844401110; OCLC 737146; LC Call Number JA84.U5 L5; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 503. Presents papers that contextualize and evaluate Thomas Paine's Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Treaty of Paris (1783). Includes an essay on the enduring influence and value of these documents. AHR 80: \3S6; JAH62: 968-70; WMQ 32: 534-37. 603 Library of Congress. Leadership in the American Revolution: Papers Presented at the Third Symposium, May 9 and 10, 1974. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1974. ix, 135 p. ISBN 0844401498; OCLC 1119658; LC Call Number E204 .L53; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 470. Presents symposium papers on Revolution-era congressional, intellectual, and military leadership, which demonstrate that the leadership of the Revolution was fragile and thin. JAH63: 112. 604 Library of Congress. The Impact of the American Revolution Abroad: Papers Presented at the Fourth Symposium, May 8 and 9, 1975. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976. viii, 171 p. ISBN 084440182X; OCLC 2119462; LC Call Number E209 .L52; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 522. Presents essays on the impact of the American Revolution abroad, particularly in France, the Dutch Republic, Great Britain, the Russian Empire, the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking world, Ireland, Germany, Japan, and Spain. JAH 63: 1002-1003. 605 Lord, Walter. The Dawn's Early Light. New York: Norton, 1972. 350 p. ISBN 0393054527; OCLC 7338414; LC Call Number E354 .L85; Dewey 973.5/2. Citations: 3. Holdings: 2514. Examines the period between August 1814 and January 1815. Tells the stories of the battle at Bladensburg, the burning of Washington, the defense of Baltimore, and Jackson's victory at New Orleans. Atl Month 230 (July 72): 94-95; WMQ 30: 682-83. 606 Lorenz, Alfred Lawrence. Hugh Gaine: A Colonial Printer-Editor's Odyssey to Loyalism. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1972. xii,

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192 p. ISBN 0809305887; OCLC 446287; LC Call Number Z232.G2 L6; Dewey 070.5/092/4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 334. Presents a biography of Gaine, a New York printer, entrepreneur, and editor. Discusses Game's agonizing over Revolutionary crises and his eventual movement to loyalism. JAH60: 790-91; WMQ30: 680-82. 607 Lucas, Stephen E. Portents of Rebellion: Rhetoric and Revolution in Philadelphia, 1765-76. Philadelphia, Perm.: Temple University Press, 1976. xxi, 333 p. ISBN 0877220875; OCLC 2635287; LC Call Number E210 .L8; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 14. Holdings: 446. Studies the use of rhetoric in pre-Revolutionary Philadelphia, particularly "how the public discourse of Whig writers and speakers contributed to the development of revolutionary beliefs and behaviors." Argues that radical Whig rationale for rebellion was powerfully expressed and coincided with a change from elite to popular politics. AHR 83: 269-70; J Urban Hist 5: 241-53; LI 101: 2061; WMQ 35: 573-74. 608 Lunt, James. John Burgoyne of Saratoga. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975. xiv, 369 p. ISBN 0151464022; OCLC 1365257; LC Call Number DA67.1.B8 L86; Dewey 973.3/41/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 599. Focuses on Burgoyne's Saratoga campaign and his political and literary achievements. Portrays Burgoyne sympathetically, as a military reformer hesitant to use Indian allies and a competent commander who carefully considered the implications of his decisions. AHR 81: 1228; Atl Month 236 (Nov 75): 123-24; U 100: 2144; WMQ 34: 33334. 609 Lynn, Kenneth S. A Divided People. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977. 113 p. ISBN 0837192714; OCLC 2991427; LC Call Number E277 .L96; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 11. Holdings: 468. Examines the childhoods of thirteen loyalists and eighteen Revolutionaries for clues to their Revolutionary choices. Finds that all loyalists examined had dysfunctional relationships with their fathers and that fifteen of eighteen Revolutionaries experienced "restrained" parental authority. AHR 83: 268-69; JAH65: 119; U102: 1015-16; WMQ 35: 736-38. 610 MacDougall, William L. American Revolutionary: A Biography of General Alexander McDougall. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977. xiii, 186 p. ISBN 0837190355; OCLC 2644111; LC Call Number E207.M12 M3; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 275. Discusses McDougall's career as a pro-Revolution merchant and privateer in New York City and his role in the evacuation of American troops from New York and the defense of the Hudson. Contends that McDougall's chief contribution was his influence on the New York elite to join the Revolutionary cause. JAH64: 1091;U 102: 911; WMQ35: 597-99.

158 Books on Early American History and Culture 611 Maier, Pauline. From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765-1776. New York: Knopf, 1972. xviii, 318 p. ISBN 0394461908; OCLC 219576; LC Call Number E210 .M27; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 122. Holdings: 1728. Stresses "the political conclusions and strategy individuals shared in a common trajectory toward revolution and independence" in the period 1765 to 1776. Argues that colonists used orderly violence both to shape the goals of the Revolution and guarantee wide support. AHR 78: 154-55; APSR 68: 284-85; CJH 9: 359-61; JAH 59: 693-95; WMQ 30: 152-54. 612 Martin, James Kirby. In the Course of Human Events: An Interpretive Exploration of the American Revolution. Arlington Heights, 111.: AHM Pub. Corp., 1979. xi, 271 p. ISBN 0882957945 (hbk.); ISBN 0882957953 (pbk.) OCLC 5106450; LC Call Number E208 .M35; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 4. Holdings: 611. Synthesizes scholarship on the Revolution. Asserts that poor colonists supported radical Revolutionary leaders and were opposed by a group fearful of popular democracy. Contends that popular revolts after the Revolution shifted power to nationalistic Federalists who sustained the initiative and secured their interests via the Constitution. JAH 66: 912-13. 613 Martin, James Kirby. Men in Rebellion: Higher Governmental Leaders and the Coming of American Revolution. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1973. xiii, 263 p. ISBN 0813507502; OCLC 539803; LC Call Number El88 .M37; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 11. Holdings: 865. Compares 487 colonial and early Revolutionary elites who served as governors, high administrative officers, superior court judges, and councilors in the colonies between 1774 and 1776. Argues that officers in 1776 were less wealthy, less educated and held lower status occupations than those in 1774, but that both groups had similar ages, religions, and places of origin. Concludes that "The preconditions and precipitants of revolution grew out of the frustrations of insurgent community leaders" and that "The American Revolution from the outset was a contest for power involving men in power." AHR 79: 1624; JAH 61: 164-66; J Soc Hist 8: 132-34; WMQ 31: 149-50. 614 McCaughey, Elizabeth P. From Loyalist to Founding Father: The Political Odyssey of William Samuel Johnson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. xi, 362 p. ISBN 0231045069; OCLC 5170883; LC Call Number E302.6.J7 M3; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 13. Holdings: 570. Notes that Johnson was a leading lawyer, member of the Stamp Act Congress and Connecticut legislature, the colony's co-agent in London between 1767 and 1771, Confederation congressman, and member of both the Constitutional Convention and Connecticut ratifying convention. Discusses his brief service in the U.S. Senate and as President of Columbia University. Finds that he disfavored resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress, disliked John Wilkes, favored elimination of nonimportation after most taxes had been repealed by Parliament,

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and supported the Connecticut Compromise of the Constitution. Explains that he rejected independence, a decision that led him to resign several public offices. AHR 86: 202-203; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 199-207; CJH 16: 139-41; JAH 67: 902; U104: 2565; WMQ 38: 145-46. 615 Meaney, Neville, ed. Studies on the American Revolution. South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1977. 224 p. ISBN 0333229185; OCLC 3541804; LC Call Number E208 .S93; Dewey 973.3/1. Citations: 3. Holdings: 33. Offers perspectives on the American Revolution from Australian scholars. Essays discuss historiography, the coming of the Revolution in New York, the development of republican governments in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, the role of Timothy Pickering, and Shays' Rebellion. JAH 65: 132-33. 616 Metzger, Charles H. The Prisoner in the American Revolution. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1971. x, 309 p. ISBN 082940175X; OCLC 127799; LC Call Number E281 .M48; Dewey 973.3/7. Citations: 2. Holdings: 311. Discusses British, German, American, and Canadian prisoners of war, both patriot and loyalist, civilian and military, regulars and irregulars, and those captured on land and on the sea. Examines prisoner treatment, complaints, daily life, and exchanges, and the ways in which American and British generals handled prisoners. JAH 5S: 724-25; WMQ 29: 506-507. 617 Miller, Lillian B. "The Dye Is Now Cast": The Road to American Independence, 1774-1776. Washington, D.C.: Published for the National Portrait Gallery by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1975. xvi, 328 p. OCLC 1169836; LC Call Number E302.5 .N38; Dewey 973.3/074/0153. Citations: 1. Holdings: 1167. Presents a catalog of a National Portrait Gallery exhibition. Includes biographies and portraits of key figures in the two years leading to American independence. Provides 166 captioned illustrations. JAH63: 397-98; U101: 615. 618 Miller, Nathan. Sea of Glory: The Continental Navy Fights for Independence, 1775-1783. xi, 558 p. New York: D. McKay 1974. OCLC 844299; LC Call Number E271 .M5; Dewey 973.3/5. Citations: 9. Holdings: 841. Discusses the operations and activities of the Continental, British, and French navies, some state navies, and privateers during the Revolution. Examines British and American naval policy and recounts major battles. AHR 80: 1042; CJH 10: 288; WMQ 32: 162-64. 619 Mitchell, Broadus. The Price of Independence: A Realistic View of the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. x, 374 p. OCLC 893207; LC Call Number E208 .M55; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 1249.

160 Books on Early American History and Culture Provides nineteen brief essays illustrating the difficulties faced by Americans in the Revolution. Discusses the attack on Canada (1775-76), the Revolution as a civil war, frontier warfare, the Benedict Arnold conspiracy, treatment of prisoners of war, the end of the war at Yorktown, and the Treaty of Paris (1783). JAH61: 1082-83; WMQ31: 692-93. 620 Morgan, Edmund S. The Meaning of Independence: John Adams, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. 85 p. ISBN 0813906946; OCLC 2121438; LC Call Number E322 .M85; Dewey 973.3/13/0922. Citations: 11. Holdings: 1088. Focuses on the personal traits of Adams, Washington, and Jefferson and the influence of the Revolution upon each leader. Explains that independence allowed Adams to pursue fame and his ambitions, that Jefferson stressed the individual over governments, and that Washington valued honor and "interest." AHR 82: 1323-24; JAH 64: 1087; U 102: 604. 621 Morgan, William James. Naval Documents of the American Revolution. Volume 5: American Theatre: May 9, 1776-July 31, 1776. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. xxx, 1486 p. OCLC 426774; LC Call Number E271 .U583; Dewey 973.35. Citations: 28. Holdings: 1245. Provides documents related to Revolutionary naval warfare from archives and colonial newspapers, covering vessel arrivals and departures. AHR 77: 831. 622 Morris, Richard B. Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. 334 p. ISBN 0060130784; OCLC 618363; LC Call Number E302.5 .M67; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1783. Examines the psychological makeup of Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. Asserts that there existed a "fortuitous conjunction of character and destiny" and "that creative individualism . . . marked the leadership of the American Revolutionary era." AHR 80: 489; JAH 62: 113-114. 623 Murdoch, David H., ed. Rebellion in America: A Contemporary British Viewpoint, 1765-1783. Santa Barbara, Calif: Clio Press, 1979. xxxviii, 1041 p. ISBN 0874362253; OCLC 3415291; LC Call Number E249.3 .R43; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 2. Holdings: 330. Publishes articles from the Annual Register on the American situation. Includes an introduction and notes. CHR 62: 75-76. 624 Nash, Gary B. The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979. xix, 548 p. ISBN 0674930568; OCLC 4933823; LC Call Number E188 .N38; Dewey 309.1/73/02. Citations: 291. Holdings: 1343.

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Studies commercial development and growth in Boston, Philadelphia, and New York prior to the Revolution. Finds that such changes altered labor relations and resulted in calls for revolution in the social order. Contends that Philadelphia's laborers united and agitated for the most radical social reforms, while the upper classes in Boston and New York were better able to keep a lid on the lower social orders. Concludes that the Revolution in Boston was more political than social and that the notion of republicanism was seen as an agrarian, egalitarian notion. AHR 86: 200-201; CHR 62: 74-75; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 199-207; JAH 67: 390; JSoc Hist 15: 119-22; J Urban Hist 8: 217-29; U105: 200; WMQ 37: 655-58. 625 Neatby, Hilda. The Quebec Act: Protest and Policy. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1972. 142 p. ISBN 0137481292 (hbk.); ISBN 01374811IX (pbk.); OCLC 416368; LC Call Number F1032 .N33; Dewey 971.02. Citations: 5. Holdings: 169. Explores the history and historiography of the Quebec Act, arguing that it sparked "the most violent and continued controversy" because of revolutionary feelings in the colonies and fear of the boundary clause, which connected the St. Lawrence region to the Ohio country. CHR 55: ISS-S9; JAH60: 1100-1101. 626 Nelson, Paul David. General Horatio Gates: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976. xiii, 319 p. ISBN 0807101591; OCLC 1990899; LC Call Number E207.G3 N44; Dewey 973.3/3/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 552. Discusses Gates' background and military career, especially in America. Describes his differences with Washington, controversy about command of the Northern Department, victory at Saratoga, defeat at Camden, and involvement in the Conway Cabal and Newburgh Conspiracy AHR 82: 174-75; JAH 65: 763; WMQ 34: 331-33. 627 Neuenschwander, John A. The Middle Colonies and the Coming of the American Revolution. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1973. 273 p. ISBN 0804690545; OCLC 866072; LC Call Number E263.P4 N48; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 1. Holdings: 622. Studies the period from the Coercive Acts to the Declaration of Independence, focusing on the reluctance of Middle Colonies leaders to break from England. Argues that New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware acted in selfinterest in opposing revolution, prospered within the empire, and were suspicious of New England imperialism. AHR 80: 1041-42; JAH 61: 1083-85; WMQ 32: 146-48. 628 Norton, Mary Beth. The British-Americans: The Loyalist Exiles in England, 1774-1789. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1972. x, 333 p. ISBN 0316612502; OCLC 328924; LC Call Number E277 .N66; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 20. Holdings: 910. Tells the story of loyalists who returned to England in the Revolutionary era. Finds that life in England was difficult for them as they came to know "how

162 Books on Early American History and Culture American they were only after they had abandoned America." Describes loyalists as financially troubled and isolated and sometimes the objects of contempt or abuse. AHR 78: 655-56; CHR 56: 491-93; CJH 8: 278-79; WMQ 30: 506-508. 629 Palmer, Dave Richard. The Way of the Fox: American Strategy in the War for America, 1775-1783. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975. xx, 229 p. ISBN 0837175313; OCLC 1054123; LC Call Number E230 .P24; Dewey 973.3/3. Citations: 3. Holdings: 552. Contends that Washington was a competent military strategist and did not simply stall in the face of a superior British force. Concludes that Washington alternated between aggressive (1775-76, 1778-79, 1781) and defensive (177678, 1779-80) campaigns depending on the particular circumstances. AHR 82: 435-36. 630 Pancake, John S. 7777: The Year of the Hangman. University: University of Alabama Press, 1977. viii, 268 p. ISBN 0817351124; OCLC 2680804; LC Call Number E233 .P27; Dewey 973.3/33. Citations: 2. Holdings: 749. Describes Burgoyne's campaign in New York and William Howe's activities in Pennsylvania. Provides background on the happenings of 1777 and argues that the year was militarily crucial to the Revolution. AHR 83: 270; JAH65: 434; LJ 102: 1643. 631 Parker, John, and Carol Urness, eds. The American Revolution: A Heritage of Change: The James Ford Bell Library Bicentennial Conference University of Minnesota. Minneapolis: Associates of the James Ford Bell Library, 1975. ix, 173 p. OCLC 2296773; LC Call Number E204 J35: Dewey 973.31. Citations: 0. Holdings: 222. Publishes eleven essays covering motivation for early colonial settlements, Revolutionary ideologies, the frontier in the Revolution, ideological change, Revolutionary historiography, private enterprise, the role of the colonial militias, eighteenth-century attitudes toward violence, and the development of political stability in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. JAH 63: 391-92. 632 Peach, Bernard, ed. Richard Price and the Ethical Foundations of the American Revolution: Selections from His Pamphlets, with Appendices. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1979. 350 p. ISBN 0822304007; OCLC 4742171; LC Call Number E211 .P96918; Dewey 973.3/1. Citations: 21. Holdings: 363. Publishes Price's General Introduction and Supplement to the Two Tracts on Civil Liberty (1778), Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty (1776), Additional Observations (1777), and Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution (1785). Includes responses by Edmund Burke, John Lind, John Wesley, Adam Ferguson, and William Markham. WMQ 37: 326-28.

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633 Peckham, Howard H. The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. xv, 176 p. ISBN 0226653188; OCLC 1210719; LC Call Number E230 .P35; Dewey 973.3/3. Citations: 15. Holdings: 836. Presents a list of military and naval engagements of the Revolution, along with dates, locations, units involved, commanders, and what happened. Includes "verifiable minimums" of American casualties categorized according to killed, wounded, captured, missing, and deserted. WMQ 32: 338-40. 634 Pelenski, Jaroslaw, ed. The American and European Revolutions, 17761848: Sociopolitical and Ideological Aspects. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1980. xviii, 412 p. ISBN 0877450978; OCLC 5564336; LC Call Number E204.C66; Dewey 301.29/73/04. Citations: 30. Holdings: 366. Includes essays on experiences of the American Revolution and the problem of revolutionary consciousness in America and Europe, religion and the American revolution, the development of the Federal style in the relations between religion and civil authority, American ethnicity in the Revolutionary era, American women and the Revolution, Revolutionary consciousness in America and Europe from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century, PolishAmerican relations in the Revolutionary era, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Kazimierz Pulaski, the state of the Jacobin dictatorship in France, the French Revolution and the 'New' elite in the early nineteenth century, the ambiguous heritage of the French Restoration, the Haidamak insurrections and the Old Regimes in Eastern Europe, the model of revolution in East Central European political thought during the Napoleonic Era, an East European variant of the liberation struggle in the restoration era, the problem of revolution in Polish thought (1831-48/49), and art and politics between 1770 and 1830. AHR 87: 148-49. 635 Peterson, Merrill D. Adams and Jefferson: A Revolutionary Dialogue. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1976. xiv, 146 p. ISBN 0820304018; OCLC 2744749; LC Call Number E210 .P47; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 16. Holdings: 1203. Describes the personal relationship and friendship between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, particularly their exchanges on the meaning of the Revolution. Finds that they disagreed about the origins of the Revolution, with Jefferson blaming the British government in London and Adams viewing it as flowing from the antagonisms of English officials in America. AHR 82: 1323-24; JAH 64: 1089; U102: 490; Natl Rev 29 (18 Mar 77): 344. 636 Rankin, Hugh F. Francis Marion: The Swamp Fox. New York: Crowell, 1973. xv, 346 p. ISBN 0690000979; OCLC 672156; LC Call Number E207.M3 R36; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 849. Examines Marion's military career in detail. Finds that he was frequently ruthless, but was extraordinarily adept at using small forces in surprise attacks. Concludes that Marion's "greatest strength was in keeping his men well-

164 Books on Early American History and Culture mounted, thereby frustrating the designs of a superior force to bring him to a decisive action and destroy him." AHR 80: 489; WMQ 31: 693-94. 637 Rankin, Hugh F. The North Carolina Continentals. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971. viii, 428 p. ISBN 0807811548; OCLC 133728; LC Call Number E263.N8 R29; Dewey 975.6/03. Citations: 3. Holdings: 655. Studies North Carolina's role in the Revolution and traces the movements of the colony's soldiers. Contends that the contribution of North Carolina to the Revolution was greater than most have realized. AHR 79: 221-22; JAH 58: 1005-1006; WMQ 29: 315-16. 638 Reid, John Philip. In a Defiant Stance: The Conditions of Law in Massachusetts Bay, the Irish Comparison, and the Coming of the American Revolution. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977. 225 p. ISBN 0271012404; OCLC 2463402; LC Call Number KFM2478 .R4; Dewey 340/.09744. Citations: 34. Holdings: 613. Compares legal reactions to British rule by residents of Massachusetts and Ireland. Concludes that Americans used hot rhetoric while maintaining moderation in deed; in Ireland, action was much more violent. Finds that differences can be explained by the control American colonists exercised over their legal system and relative desperation in Ireland. AHR 83: 1335-36; AJLH24: 367-6S; JAH65: 756; WMQ37: 155-58. 639 Reid, John Phillip. In a Rebellious Spirit: The Argument of Facts, the Liberty Riot, and the Coming of the American Revolution. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1979. 168 p. ISBN 0271002026; OCLC 3707660; LC Call Number KFM2478 .R43; Dewey 340/.09744. Citations: 21. Holdings: 394. Examines the legal and rhetorical fight against British officials in Boston prior to the stationing of troops there in late 1768. Argues that the speeches and writings of both sides must be understood as interpretations of facts to sway the opinions of leaders in London. AHR 85: 457-58; AJLH 26: 376-79; JAH 66: 911; WMQ 37: 520-22. 640 Rice, Howard C. and Anne S. K. Brown, eds. The American Campaigns of Rochambeau's Army, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1972. 2 vols. ISBN 0691046107; OCLC 635838; LC Call Number E265 .R513; Dewey 973.3/47. Citations: 9. Holdings: 568. Publishes the journals of Clermont-Crevecouer, Verger, and Berthier, officers in Rochambeau's army. Includes six itineraries that describe the movements of the French army and landscape from Newport to Yorktown to Boston. WMQ 30: 544-46. 641 Rider, Hope S. Valour Fore & Aft: Being the Adventures of the Continental Sloop Providence, 1775-1779, Formerly Flagship Katy of Rhode Island's Navy. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1977. xiv, 259 p. ISBN

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0870217445; OCLC 2918166; LC Call Number E273.P75 R5; Dewey 973.3/5. Citations: 1. Holdings: 192. Follows the career of the Continental navy's sloop Providence, which began as the merchant ship Katy and served as the flagship of the Rhode Island navy until joining the Continental Navy in December 1775. Describes participation in assaults on Nassau, Canso, and Penobscot. JAH 64: 1092. 642 Rossie, Jonathan Gregory. The Politics of Command in the American Revolution. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1975. xi, 252 p. ISBN 0815601123; OCLC 1676397; LC Call Number E259 .R67; Dewey 973.3/1. Citations: 3. Holdings: 631. Focuses on "the causes of discord" among Continental army officers, and between commanders and the Congress, with special emphasis on disagreements between Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates in 1777, and the Conway Cabal. Criticizes Washington's ineffectiveness and Schuyler's procrastination, while praising the leadership of Gates. AHR SI: 1227-1228; CJH 11: 261-62; U 100: 2049-50; JAH 63: 394-95; WMQ 34: 327-29. 643 Royster, Charles. A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775-1783. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1979. xi, 452 p. ISBN 0807813850; OCLC 4775897; LC Call Number E259 .R69; Dewey 973.3/4. Citations: 124. Holdings: 1146. Explores "some of the most important emotions, attitudes, and conduct" of Continental soldiers. Concludes that they generally served out of a sense of patriotism, that "the national character of revolutionaries formed one of the principal bases of their wartime allegiance." AHR 85: 1257-58; CHR 61: 517-18; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 199-208; JAH 67: 907; J Soc Hist 15: 316-17; U 105: 507; New Republic 183 (26 Jul 80): 32-34; WMQ3S: 121-25. 644 Rutyna, Richard E. and Peter C. Stewart, eds. Virginia in the American Revolution: A Collection of Essays. Norfolk, Va.: Old Dominion University, 1977. 2 vols. OCLC 3649340; LC Call Number E263.V8 V85; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 0. Holdings: 175. Presents essays on the historiography of Virginia's role in the Revolution, religion, the economic effects of the Revolution, and the economy in the Confederation period. AHR 83: 802; JAH 65: 762. 645 Ryerson, Richard Alan. The Revolution Is Now Begun: The Radical Committees of Philadelphia, 1765-1776. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978. xv, 305 p. ISBN 0812277341; OCLC 3205100; LC Call Number F158.4 .R87; Dewey 974.8/11/03. Citations: 44. Holdings: 609. Attempts to explain how in Philadelphia Whig resistance ideology was taken "out of the realm of theory and rhetoric into the domain of reality and action."

166 Books on Early American History and Culture Argues that the Whig leadership gradually broadened the base of resistance and was, by 1774, effectively in political control of Philadelphia, but that, by 1776, elite leadership was replaced by leaders from the middle class. AHR 83: 1336-37; JAH 65: 1096; J Urban Hist 8: 217-29; WMQ 35: 739-41. 646 Sabine, William H. W. Murder, 1776 & Washington's Policy of Silence. New York: T. Gaus' Sons, 1973. 207 p. OCLC 668206; LC Call Number E207.W8 S29; Dewey 973.3/32. Citations: 0. Holdings: 307. Investigates the death of Brigadier General Nathaniel Woodhull, commander of American militia at the Battle of Long Island. Explains that Woodhull was captured by the British and died in mysterious circumstances, which Washington, Congress, and Woodhull's family never fully discussed. Hints that Woodhull's capture and disappearance was part of a larger conspiracy to ensure Washington's defeat at Long Island. JAH 62: 677-78. 647 Selby, John. The Road to Yorktown. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976. x, 214 p. ISBN 0241892937; OCLC 2329928; LC Call Number E230 .S44; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 636. Presents a military history of the Revolution from the British viewpoint. Finds that George III was conciliatory toward the Americans in 1775, but that war became necessary because of American actions. Gives accounts of life in American military camps and the brutality of the War. JAH63: 700-701; U 101: 1773. 648 Sellers, Charles Coleman. Patience Wright: American Artist and Spy in George Ill's London. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1976. x, 281 p. ISBN 0819550019; OCLC 2331536; LC Call Number NK9582.W74 S44; Dewey 736/.93/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 528. Tells the story of Wright, a maker of wax effigies in London and supporter of the American Revolutionary cause. Notes that she was able to glean valuable information from visitors to her shop and pass it along to leaders in the colonies and that she sought revolution among the lower classes within England as well. WMQ 35: 584-86. 649 Sessions, Gene Allred. Latter-day Patriots: Nine Mormon Families and Their Revolutionary War Heritage. Salt Lake City, Ut: Deseret Book Co., 1975. xiv, 219 p. ISBN 0877476004; OCLC 2089046; LC Call Number BX8693 .S47; Dewey 289.3/3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 26. Provides essays on the Revolutionary ancestry of Joseph Smith, John Young, Daniel Wood, Ezra Taft Benson, Daniel Wells, Edward Bunker, John Brown, Christeen Golden Kimball, and Hartman Rector, Jr. JAH 63: 702-703. 650 Showman, Richard K. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene. Vol. 1: December 1766-December 1776. Chapel Hill: Published for the Rhode Island Historical Society by University of North Carolina Press, 1976. vi, 411 pp.

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ISBN 0807813842; OCLC 2331814; LC Call Number E207.G9 A3; Dewey 973.3/3/0924 19. Citations: 3. Holdings: 726. Papers cover Greene's life before the Revolution, seizure of a family ship by the HMS Gaspee, relationship with the Society of Friends, and military experience and appointment. Includes maps, illustrations, and a glossary of military terms. JAH 64: 394-95; WMQ 34: 668-70. 651 Showman, Richard K. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene. Vol. 2: 1 January 1777-16 October 1778. Chapel Hill: Published for the Rhode Island Historical Society by University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xxxix, 606 pp. ISBN 0807813842; OCLC 2331814; LC Call Number E207.G9 A3; Dewey 973.3/3/0924 19. Citations: 15. Holdings: 726. Provides 530 documents, 170 of which are calendared and abstracted. Papers cover Greene's military career and participation in battles at Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and Newport. Includes appointment and early service as quartermaster general. AHR 86: 647; JAH 67: 906. 652 Shy, John. A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. xv, 304 p. ISBN 0195020138; OCLC 2237594; LC Call Number E230 .S5; LC Call Number E230 .P43; Dewey 973.3/3. Citations: 76. Holdings: 1164. Examines the historiography of the American Revolution, colonial militias, the various pre-war roles of Henry Ellis, Thomas Pownall, and Thomas Gage, the history of Lawrence Gipson, Charles Lee and American strategy, "Long Bill" Scott and Peterborough, New Hampshire, armed loyalism in the lower Hudson valley, and the military conflict considered as a revolutionary war. Concludes that the War was not "an instrument of policy or a sequence of military operations," but rather "a social process of political education." AHR 82: 436-37; JAH63: 998-1000; WMQ34: 325-27. 653 Smelser, Marshall. The Winning of Independence. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1972. 427 p. ISBN 0812901894; OCLC 241591; LC Call Number E208 .S64; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 7. Holdings: 1097. Provides an overview of political and military events of the American Revolution for a general readership. JAH 59: 411; WMQ 30: 170-72 654 Smith, Charles R. Marines in the Revolution: A History of the Continental Marines in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps by the U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975. xviii, 491 p. OCLC 1560110; LC Call Number E271 .S65; Dewey 973.3/5. Citations: 1. Holdings: 950. Explores the role of the Marines in the Revolution from their formation in November 1775 through the end of the war, noting their participation in the expedition against New Providence, Jones's Atlantic crossing, the Penobscot expedition, the defense of Charleston, and activities on the Mississippi. Finds

168 Books on Early American History and Culture that approximately 2,000 marines were recruited during the War and that they served under 131 commissioned officers. JAH 63: 398-99. 655 Smith, Page. A New Age Now Begins: A People's History of the American Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. xi, 1899 p. ISBN 0070590974; OCLC 1257071; LC Call Number E208 .S67; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 5. Holdings: 2615. Details battles, politicians, and military leaders, while also stressing the contributions of ordinary Revolutionaries. Emphasizes the role of Reformed Christianity in the development of American politics through the Revolution. U 100: 2322; Nation 222 (29 May 76): 664-66; WMQ 34: 322-25. 656 Smith, Paul, ed. English Defenders of American Freedoms, 1774-1778: Six Pamphlets Attacking British Policy. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1972. x, 231 p. ISBN 0844400092; OCLC 195431; LC Call Number E249.3 .S55; Dewey 301.15/43/9733. Citations: 2. Holdings: 772. Publishes English radicals' views of British policy toward America. Includes pamphlets by Jonathan Shipkey, bishop of St. Asaph, Matthew RobinsonMorris, Baron Rokeby, Catharine Macaulay, John Cartwright, and Willoughby Bertie, earl of Abingdon. CHR 55: 335-36. 657 Smith, Paul, ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 1: August 1774-August 1775; Vol. 2: September-December 1775. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976-77. xxxvii, 751 pp.; xxvii, 583 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033; Dewey 973.3/12. Holdings: 1963. Publishes 57 letters on the American crisis, along with an introduction to the 1774-75 Continental Congress. AHR 84: 542-43; JAH66: 127; WMQ 35: 748-51. 658 Smith, Paul, ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 3 January I-May 15, 1776; Vol. 4: May 16-August 15, 1776. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1978-79. xxix, 735 pp.; xxviii, 739 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033; Dewey 973.3/12. Holdings: 1963. Letters cover war finance, supplying the Continental army, dealing with loyalists and war prisoners, the aftermath of the failed expedition against Quebec, and the possibility of a negotiated settlement with Britain. JAH 68: 366-67. 659 Stanley, George F. G. Canada Invaded, 1775-1776. Toronto: Hakkert, 1973. xiv, 186 p. ISBN 0888665377; OCLC 865341; LC Call Number E231 .S82; Dewey 971.02/4. Citations: 2. Holdings: 242. Recounts the American invasion of Canada and analyzes the efforts of Guy Carleton, Philip Schuyler, Richard Montgomery, and Benedict Arnold. Argues that lack of coordination between forces doomed the American effort.

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AHR 79: 1670; CHR 56: 452-53. 660 Starr, J. Barton. Tories, Dons, and Rebels: The American Revolution in British West Florida. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1976. ix, 278 p. ISBN 0813005434; OCLC 2388501; LC Call Number E263.F6 S72; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 8. Holdings: 438. Discusses political and military events in British West Florida during the American Revolution. Explains the loyalism of West Florida in terms of its isolation from the thirteen colonies, the threats from Spanish Louisiana, the high number of British troops in the area, and the migration of loyalists to the area. AHR 83: 802-803; JAH65: 1099; U102: 2344. 661 Stewart, Catesby Willis. The Life of Brigadier General William Woodford of the American Revolution. Richmond, Va.: Whittet & Shepperson, 1973. xiii, 1446 p. OCLC 1580252; LC Call Number E207.W79 S73; Dewey 973.3/3/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 59. Presents a biography of Woodford, Revolutionary brigadier from Virginia. Includes information on the era's society, politics, and military affairs. AHR 79: 1254-55; JAH 60: 1103-1104. 662 Stewart, Gordon, and George A. Rawlyk. A People Highly Favoured of God: The Nova Scotia Yankee and the American Revolution. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1972. xxii, 219 p. ISBN 0208012834; OCLC 267745; LC Call Number BV3777.N6 S73; Dewey 277.16. Citations: 16. Holdings: 321. Explains Nova Scotia's neutrality in the Revolution in terms of religious conversion and exceptionalism, by which inhabitants saw themselves as heirs to the Puritan tradition. Stresses the importance of Henry Alline, who helped explain and popularize alienation from New England Revolutionaries. AHR 78: 182; CHR 54: 447-48; JAH 59: 986-87; WMQ 30: 524-26. 663 Stout, Neil R. The Perfect Crisis: The Beginning of the Revolutionary War. New York: New York University Press, 1976. xvii, 206 p. ISBN 0814777740; OCLC 2401606; LC Call Number E210 .S85; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 3. Holdings: 539. Surveys the period leading to the Revolution, beginning with the Coercive Acts. Concludes that "To the extent that Americans rebelled against the Coercive Acts the war for American independence was made in England." AHR S3: 799; JAH65: 133. 664 Stout, Neil R. The Royal Navy in America, 1760-1775. A Study of Enforcement of British Colonial Policy in the Era of the American Revolution. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1973. ix, 227 p. ISBN 0870215531; OCLC 800731; LC Call Number E216 .S76; Dewey 973.3/11. Citations: 4. Holdings: 446. Presents a narrative of British naval activities in America in the period leading to the Revolution. Finds that "as a deterrent to illicit trade, the Royal Navy easily outranked the Customs Service," but its role in bringing about the Revolution remains unclear.

170 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 80: 406; JAH 61: 469-70; WMQ 31: 503-505. 665 Suggs, George G., Jr., ed. Perspectives on the American Revolution: A Bicentennial Contribution. Carbondale, 111.: Published for Southeast Missouri State University by Southern Illinois University Press, 1977. xiv, 141 p. ISBN 0809308274; OCLC 2894090; LC Call Number E208 .P47; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 499. Essays discuss interpretations of the American Revolution, the idea of independence, John Adams and the coming of the Revolution, and James Iredell and the origins of American federalism. AHR 83: 798. 666 Thayer, Theodore. The Making of a Scapegoat: Washington and Lee at Monmouth. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1976. viii, 124 p. ISBN 0804691398; OCLC 2091548; LC Call Number E207.L47 T46; Dewey 973.3/34/0924 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 345. Provides an account of the battle at Monmouth and the conflict between Charles Lee and George Washington that began there. Notes that American intelligence before the battle was poor and that the geography was not favorable. JAH 64: 132-33. 667 Thomson, Buchanan Parker. Spain: Forgotten Ally of the American Revolution. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher Publishing House, 1976. 250 p. ISBN 0815803419; OCLC 2401578; LC Call Number E249 T45; Dewey 973.3/2/6. Citations: 3. Holdings: 197. Asserts that, though relatively small, Spanish aid was important to the Revolutionary cause. Emphasizes the work of Don Diego de Garoqui and Bernardo de Galvez. AHR 82: 434-35; JAH 64: 134. 668 Toohey, Robert E. Liberty and Empire: British Radical Solutions to the American Problem, 1774-1776. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1978. xiv, 210 p. ISBN 081311375X; OCLC 4724962; LC Call Number DA510 T66; Dewey 320.9/41/073. Citations: 16. Holdings: 388. Examines the radical ideas of James Burgh, John Cartwright, Catherine Macaulay, Richard Price, and Granville Sharp, particularly their efforts to resolve the colonial crisis. Views them as laying the foundation of British reforms of the 1830s. AHR 85: 122-23; U104: 628; WMQ 38: 529-31. 669 Toth, Charles W., ed. The American Revolution and the West Indies. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1975. xi, 225 p. ISBN 080469110X; OCLC 1502293; LC Call Number E263.W5 A53; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 4. Holdings: 543. Essays cover the peace of Paris and the politics of sugar, Creoles, government finances, conflict with England, the economics of interdependence, the founding fathers and the West Indies, St. Eustatius and Saint Domingue during the Revolution, Cuba, St. Croix, the Bahamas, and Puerto Rico, Bermuda and

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American independence, West Indian privateering and its role in the Second Empire, and the American and the British West Indies after Revolution, particularly the loyalist migration. AHR 82: 174; LJ100: 2248-49. 670 Tustin, Joseph P., ed. Diary of the American War: A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979. xxxi, 467 p. ISBN 0300021534; OCLC 4638574; LC Call Number E268 .E9213; Dewey 973.3/42. Citations: 10. Holdings: 697. Publishes an edited and annotated version of the journal of Ewald, who commanded the Second Jager Company from Hesse-Cassell. Recounts his service in New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, and Yorktown. CJH 15: 289-90. 671 Underdal, Stanley J., ed. Military History of the American Revolution: The Proceedings of the 6th Military History Symposium, United States Air Force Academy, 10-11 October, 1974. Washington, D.C. : Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF by the U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. 198 p. OCLC 1864427; LC Call Number E230 .M48; Dewey 973.3/3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 307. Publishes essays on the legacy of the American Revolution, the origins of British strategy in the War, a seaman's view of the American Revolution, loyalists in the War, the militia system in the aftermath of the Revolution, Washington and his lieutenants, problems in the military command, and the life of the common soldier. JAH 64: 1091. 672 Van Schreeven, William J. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence. Vol. 1: Forming Thunderclouds and the First Convention, 17631774: A Documentary Record. Charlottesville: Published for Virginia Independence Bicentennial Commission by University Press of Virginia. 1973. 5 vols. ISBN 0813905001; OCLC 802770; LC Call Number E263.V8 V23; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 13. Holdings: 550. Arranges chronologically 33 documents related to the coming of the Revolution in Virginia. Includes papers on the issuance of paper currency, the Stamp Act, resolutions on rights, and petitions to the King. JAH 61: 467-69. 673 Ward, Harry M. Duty, Honor or Country: General George Weedon and the American Revolution. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical Society, 1979. xi, 297 p. ISBN 0871691337; OCLC 5532064; LC Call Number E207.W435 W37; Dewey 081 s 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 3. Holdings: 325. Looks at the life of Weedon (1734-1793), Fredericksburg, Virginia tavernkeeper and Revolutionary brigadier general. Discusses his service at Brandywine, Princeton, and Yorktown. Characterizes Weedon as a supporting player who dealt with issues like recruitment, supply logistics, and disposition of prisoners of war. JAH 67: 128-29.

172 Books on Early American History and Culture 674 Ward, Harry M. and Harold E. Greer, Jr. Richmond during the Revolution, 1775-83. Charlottesville: Published for the Richmond Independence Bicentennial Commission by the University Press of Virginia, 1977. xi, 205 p. ISBN 0813907152; OCLC 3090107; LC Call Number F234.R557 W37; Dewey 975.5/451/03. Citations: 2. Holdings: 410. Presents a general account of Richmond in the Revolution, with focus on social, economic, political, military, and logistical aspects. Notes that the war had a significant impact on Richmond in terms of dislocation and destruction, especially due to the British invasions of 1781 and 1782. AHR 84: 251-52; JAH65: 761. 675 Washington, Ida H. and Paul A. Washington. Carleton's Raid. Canaan, NH: Phoenix Publishing, 1977. viii, 103 p. ISBN 0914016377; OCLC 2894088; LC Call Number E241.C2 W37; Dewey 973.3/34. Citations: 0. Holdings: 166. Examines the October 1778 raid of Major Christopher Carleton on American settlements on the east side of Lake Champlain. Finds that the raid was a success, as it yielded 39 prisoners and destroyed civilian buildings and provisions. JAH 65: 134-35. 676 White, Donald Wallace. A Village at War: Chatham, New Jersey, and the American Revolution. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1979. 311 p. ISBN 0838621031; OCLC 3730692; LC Call Number F144.C49 W48; Dewey 974.9/74. Citations: 10. Holdings: 223. Discusses politics, religion, and socioeconomics in Chatham, New Jersey during the Revolutionary era for a general audience. Suggests that the Revolution had a hand in transforming town government and expanding political participation. AHR 85: 458-59; WMQ 37: 320-22. 677 White, Morton. The Philosophy of the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. xii, 299 p. ISBN 0195023811; OCLC 3447225; LC Call Number B878.W48; Dewey 191. Citations: 114. Holdings: 1033. Describes the political theories of John Locke, Jean Jacques Burlamaqui, Thomas Jefferson, James Wilson, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton, placing the ideas of the Declaration of Independence in the context of rationalistic, Enlightenment natural law. Argues that many of the elucidated principles were actually elitist, not democratic. AHR 84: 845-46; JAH 66: 634; U 103: 1642; Nation 228 (31 Mar 79): 342-44; WMQ 36: 466-69. 678 Williams, Edward G. Fort Pitt and the Revolution on the Western Frontier. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, 1978. ix, 237 p. OCLC 4149817; LC Call Number F159.P68 F678; Dewey 974.8/85. Citations: 1. Holdings: 71. Presents the history of western Pennsylvania, especially Fort Pitt, during the Revolution. Focuses on the roles of commanders Edward Hand, Lachlan

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Mclntosh, Daniel Brodhead, and William Irving. Contends that Fort Pitt was crucial to the American Revolutionary effort. JAH 66: 382. 679 Wright, Esmond, ed. Red, White and True Blue: The Loyalists in the Revolution. New York: Published for the Institute of United States Studies by AMS Press, 1976. ii, 222 p. ISBN 040415400X; OCLC 2493282; LC Call Number E277 .R3; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 10. Holdings: 360. Includes essays on the political philosophy of the American loyalists, tribal loyalty and tribal independence, the Indian dilemma in war and peace, Mohawk missionary and loyalist Rev. John Stuart, loyalists in the West Indies, Bermuda in 1776, the mission of John Anstey, British ministerial perspectives during the American revolutionary crisis, 1763-1776, and the possibilities for quantitatively oriented research on the loyalists in Canada. AHR 82: 1065-66. 680 Wright, J. Leitch. Florida in the American Revolution. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1975. xvi, 194 p. ISBN 0813005248; OCLC 1582571; LC Call Number E263.F6 W74; Dewey 975.9/02. Citations: 2. Holdings: 481. Provides an overview of the role of Florida in the American Revolution, including matters of indirect Spanish aid for the colonists, the George Rogers Clark expeditions, and the campaigns of Bernardo de Galvez. AHR 82: 739-40; JAH 63: 696-97; WMQ 34: 151-53. 681 Wright, William C , ed. New Jersey in the American Revolution II: Papers Presented at the Fourth Annual New Jersey History Symposium, December 2, 1972. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1973. 88 p. OCLC 858371; LC Call Number E263.N5 N3; Dewey 974.9/03. Citations: 0. Holdings: 90. Papers cover civil government in New Jersey during the Revolution, Whigs in East Jersey, and military cartography. JAH6X: 168-70. 682 Wroth, L. Kinvin, ed. Province in Rebellion: A Documentary History of the Founding of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1774-1775. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1975. viii, 343 p. ISBN 0674719557; OCLC 2073200; LC Call Number E263.M4 P77; Dewey 974.4/02. Citations: 2. Holdings: 282. Provides more than 2,800 pages of documents on microfiche cards related to the provincial Congresses of 1774 and 1775. JAH63: 695-96; WMQ33: 536-38. 683 Young, Alfred F., ed. The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1976. xv, 481 p. ISBN 0875805191; OCLC 21638075; LC Call Number E208 .A43; Dewey 973.3 A512b. Citations: 189. Holdings: 1074. Includes essays on social change and the growth of pre-Revolutionary urban radicalism, eighteenth-century northern land rioters, the North Carolina

174 Books on Early American History and Culture regulation, 1766-1776, popular culture and the Revolution in Virginia, ideology and an economic interpretation of the Revolution, radical ideology and social change in the writings of Tom Paine, Boston leaders and Boston crowds, 17651776, the "disaffected" in the Revolutionary South, the Indians' Revolution, the Revolution in black life, and women and the American Revolution. AHR 82: 737-39; U101: 1529; WMQ 35: 168-71. 684 Zimmer, Anne Y. Jonathan Boucher, Loyalist in Exile. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1978. 395 p. ISBN 0814315925; OCLC 3608394; LC Call Number E277.B753 Z55; Dewey 973.3/14/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 428. Discusses Boucher's life as English cleric, schoolmaster, colonial minister, lexicographer and historian. Notes that he was "the leading Tory figure" and possessed "intellectual capacity and ability to philosophize." Concludes that Boucher was slowly able to adjust in England to his loss of American status and reintegrate into English society. AHR 84: 1472; CHR 61: 90-91; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 65-71; EAL 14: 132-33; JAH 66: 125; WMQ 37: 159-60.

18 War of 1812

685 Berton, Pierre. The Invasion of Canada, 1812-1813. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1980. xi, 363 p. ISBN 0771012357; OCLC 7275785; LC Call Number E355 .B47; Dewey 973.5/2. Citations: 11. Holdings: 148. Discusses the military events of the early stages of the War of 1812. Contends that British success early on in the conflict was due to Indian support, military competence, and control of the Great Lakes. CHR 62: 332-33. 686 Eckert, Edward K. The Navy Department in the War of 1812. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1973. vii, 77 p. ISBN 081300389X; OCLC 650610; LC Call Number VB23 .E34; Dewey 973.5/25/0973. Citations: 1. Holdings: 230. Focuses on William Jones's administration of the Navy Department from January 1813 to December 1814. Characterizes the Department as disorganized and bureaucratic and portrays Jones as a reformer and effective scavenger for much-needed resources. WMQ 31: 696-98. 687 Garitee, Jerome R. The Republic's Private Navy: The American Privateering Business as Practiced by Baltimore during the War of 1812. Middletown, Conn.: Published for Mystic Seaport by Wesleyan University Press, 1977. xx, 356 p. ISBN 0819550051; OCLC 2542418; LC Call Number HE752.M3 G37; Dewey 973.5/25. Citations: 17. Holdings: 360. Focuses on privateering as a business in Baltimore during the War of 1812, with special emphasis on investors and others who profited. Finds that it was an expensive and risky business and estimates that one-fifth of Baltimore's laborers depended in some way upon privateering for their livelihoods.

176 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 83: 805; JAH 65: 435; U102: 706; WMQ 35: 774-75. 688 Gribbin, William. The Churches Militant: The War of 1812 and American Religion. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. viii, 210 p. ISBN 0300015836; OCLC 578239; LC Call Number BR525 .G7; Dewey 973.5/21. Citations: 7. Holdings: 704. Examines church attitudes toward the War of 1812, focusing on views presented in published sermons. Finds that New England Congregationalists vehemently opposed the War, while most other groups favored it. Notes that groups favoring the War saw the greatest growth throughout the nineteenth century. AHR79: 848-49; JAH60: 805-806; WMQ31: 518-19. 689 Hammack, James Wallace, Jr. Kentucky and the Second American Revolution: The War of 1812. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1976. x, 115 p. ISBN 0813102162; OCLC 2287735; LC Call Number E359.5.K5 H35; Dewey 973.5/246/9. Citations: 2. Holdings: 297. Focuses on Kentucky's military response to the War of 1812. Finds that Kentuckians were consistently unrealistic about chances for military victory and constantly bickered with the national government over commanders, supplies, and strategies. Concludes that success depended upon "changing attitudes and conditions within the state," as well as long-range planning. JAH63: 1010-1011. 690 Lemmon, Sarah Mcculloh. Frustrated Patriots: North Carolina and the War of 1812. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973. viii, 223 p. ISBN 0807812099; OCLC 571564; LC Call Number E359.5.N7 L43; Dewey 973.5/24/56. Citations: 4. Holdings: 474. Considers the role of North Carolina in the War of 1812, noting that the state entered the war reluctantly (one-quarter of the state's congressional delegation and one-third of the state legislature opposed the war as an example of executive overreaching) and fought mostly to defend national honor. Finds that North Carolina supplied a larger proportion of troops than most states. Concludes that the war destroyed the state's Federalist Party and opened the Southwest, which drained the state of some of its best people and caused it to slip into a twodecade economic decline. AHR 80: 496-97; JAH 61: 776-78. 691 Lindley, Harlow, ed. Fort Meigs and the War of 1812: Orderly Book of Cushing's Company, 2nd U.S. Artillery, April, 1813-February, 1814 and Personal Diary of Captain Daniel Cushing, October, 1812-July, 1813. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1975. xiii, 146 p. OCLC 1662067; LC Call Number E355 .C96; Dewey 973.523. Citations: 0. Holdings: 61. Publishes the diary and orderly book of Cushing, captain of the Second Artillery at Fort Meigs. Covers the British siege of April-May 1813 and their failed attack in July. Includes maps drawn by soldiers at the fort. AHR 81: 968-69.

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692 Mahon, John K. The War of 1812. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1972. xii, 476 p. ISBN 0813003180; OCLC 554290; LC Call Number E355 .M33; Dewey 973.5/23. Citations: 17. Holdings: 948. Surveys the War, showing "the British side of the war more fully and accurately" than previous histories and seeking "to place the operations of the War of 1812 precisely within the politics and culture of the time." AHR 78: 1528-29; CHR 55: 315-16; JAH 60: 804-805; WMQ 31: 160-62.

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19 Constitution

693 Adair, Douglass. Fame and the Founding Fathers: Essays. Edited by Trevor Colboum. New York: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by Norton, 1974. xxxv, 315 p. ISBN 0393054993; OCLC 724420; LC Call Number JK155 .A32; Dewey 329/. 1/008. Citations: 107. Holdings: 811. Presents Adair's essays on the Founders, the Constitution, and The Federalist, along with a bibliographic essay. Am Lit 46: 422-31; APSR 71: 677-78; CHR 57: 332-33; WMQ 32: 500-504. 694 Boyd, Steven R. The Politics of Opposition: Antifederalists and the Acceptance of the Constitution. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1979. xiii, 178 p. ISBN 0527104655; OCLC 4883397; LC Call Number JK116 .B65 Dewey 342/.73/029. Citations: 25. Holdings: 413. Examines the politics of Constitution ratification, seeking to explain the Antifederalist defeat. Contends that the Antifederalists were not less organized than the Federalists; rather, the problem was tactical since, by arguing "within the framework of the proposed Constitution," they thereby "contributed to the ultimate legitimization of the very Constitution they opposed." AHR 85: 980-81; APSR 74: 1076-77; JAH 67: \3\;PSQ95: 164; WMQ3S: 14143. 695 Coleman, Frank M. Hobbes and America: Exploring the Constitutional Foundations. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977. 159 p. ISBN 0802053599; OCLC 2524931; LC Call Number JA84.U5 C6; Dewey 320.5/1/0973. Citations: 35. Holdings: 581. Examines "the predicament of modem liberalism" and finds that American inability to deal effectively with social problems stems from the errant belief

180 Books on Early American History and Culture that the Constitution is based on Lockean philosophy. Argues that the Constitution, instead, is thoroughly Hobbesian. APSR 73: 73: 200-201; Hist Pol Econ 12: 295-98; J Politics 40: 545-46; U 102: 1766. 696 Crosskey, William Winslow and William Jeffrey. Politics and the Constitution in the History of the United States. Vol. 3: The Political Background of the Federal Convention. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. ISBN 0226121380; OCLC 499411; LC Call Number KF4541 .C7; Dewey 342.73/029; Dewey 347.30229. Citations: 34. Holdings: 1213. Studies the ideological and political background of the U.S. Constitution. Finds that the writing of a constitution was resisted in the South and was aimed at granting Congress power over the regulation of commerce. Argues primarily that "the political astuteness and adroit maneuverings of a handful of men of the North," especially over the Jay-Gardoqui negotiations, convinced southerners to support a stronger central government. AHR 86: 1147-48; APSR 75: 1036-38; JAH 68: 655; J Politics 44: 254-56; PSQ 96: 505-507; WMQ 39: 552-54. 697 Ferris, Robert G. Signers of the Constitution: Historic Places Commemorating the Signing of the Constitution. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1976. xi, 355 p. OCLC 1959101; LC Call Number E302.5 .F47; Dewey 973.3/18. Citations: 2. Holdings: 1002. Gives historical background of the Constitution and includes biographies of 39 signers. Lists and describes 31 places associated with these signers. JAH 64: 770-71. 698 Jacobs, Clyde E. The Eleventh Amendment and Sovereign Immunity. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1972. viii, 216 p. ISBN 0837160588; OCLC 447248; LC Call Number KF1322 J 3 ; Dewey 342/.73/088 Citations: 83. Holdings: 602. Presents background on the doctrine of sovereign immunity and the ways in which it was understood and applied in America prior to the writing of the U.S. Constitution. Argues that the Framers intended that states could be defendants in federal court suits brought by citizens of other states. AJLH 18: 256-59; JAH 60: 796-97. 699 Jensen, Merrill, ed. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 1: Constitutional Documents and Records, 1776-1787. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976. 392 p. ISBN 0870201530; OCLC 1365137; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63; Dewey 347.30229; Dewey 342.73/029. Citations: 57. Holdings: 1074. Provides background information on the national debate over ratification, and important fundamental documents, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and related documents, and ordinances for organization and government of western territories, proceedings of the Annapolis Convention, and proposals at Philadelphia. AHR 82: 740-41; JAH64: 395; WMQ34: 479-81.

Constitution 181 700 Jensen, Merrill, ed. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 2: Ratification of the Constitution by the States: Pennsylvania. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976. 779 p. ISBN 087020159X; OCLC 1365137; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63; Dewey 347.30229; Dewey 342.73/029. Citations: 64. Holdings: 1074. Presents documents related to the ratification of the Constitution in Pennsylvania. AHR 82: 740-41; JAH 64: 395; WMQ 34: 479-81. 701 Jensen, Merrill, ed. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 3: Ratification of the Constitution by the States: Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976. 672 p. ISBN 0870201751; OCLC 1365137; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63. Citations: 16. Holdings: 1074. Documents reveal that ratification was relatively quick and simple in Delaware, New Jersey, and Georgia, but more difficult and contentious in Connecticut. JAH 66: 385. 702 Marks, Frederick W. III. Independence on Trial: Foreign Affairs and the Making of the Constitution. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973. xvi, 256 p. ISBN 0807100528; OCLC 794698; LC Call Number E303 .M417; Dewey 327.73. Citations: 48. Holdings: 1058. Discusses American diplomacy in the era of the Articles of Confederation and examines the effect of foreign affairs on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution. Claims that the role of diplomacy in movement to a stronger national government has been overlooked. Downplays Shays' Rebellion as a factor in the push for the Constitution and claims that the impact of British disruption of trade and other threatening actions were more important. Concludes that supporters of the Constitution had greater experience with and knowledge of foreign affairs and that southerners favored central control of foreign commerce. AHR 80: 491-92; APSR 69: 1041-42; CHR 56: 357-58; JAH 61: 470-72; WMQ 31:517-18. 703 Pole, J.R. The Pursuit of Equality in American History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. xv, 380 p. ISBN 0520032861; OCLC 3740197; LC Call Number KF4764 .P64; Dewey 323.4/0973, Citations: 108. Holdings: 1612. Analyzes the idea of equality as a goal of government, stressing equality before the law, and equality of opportunity, esteem, community or inclusion, religion, and gender. Notes that the notion has changed over time and according to its application to specific groups or individuals. AHR 84: 243-44; Am J Soc 85: 1252-56; AJLH 24: 182-84; CJH 14: 298-300; U 103: 663; PSQ 94: 179-80; WMQ 36: 464-66. 704 Schwartz, Bernard. The Great Rights of Mankind: A History of the American Bill of Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. x, 279 p.

182 Books on Early American History and Culture ISBN 0195021916; OCLC 2867132; LC Call Number KF4749 .S34; Dewey 342/.73/085. Citations: 50. Holdings: 1659. Studies individual rights from the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights of 1692 through the American Bill of Rights. Emphasizes American colonial protections of "basic" freedoms in colonial charters and their enforcement in constitutions, including checks and balances in the U.S. Constitution. Argues that Madison and others incorporated phrases already existing in state constitutions into the U.S. Bill of Rights. X4//66:635;ZJ102:614. 705 Sofaer, Abraham D. War, Foreign Affairs and Constitutional Power: The Origins. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1976. xxxvi, 533 p. ISBN 088410222X; OCLC 23761485; LC Call Number KF5060 .S6; Dewey 342.73/0412; Dewey 347.302412 19. Citations: 78. Holdings: 647. Examines the writing of the Constitution and relations between Congress and the executive through 1828, particularly regarding war powers. Concludes that in the Washington administration Congress began delegating to the President discretion over foreign relations and therefore matters of war and peace, powers not given to the executive in the Constitution. AHR 83: 271-72; JAH 65: 439; PSQ 92: 724-25. 706 Wiecek, William M. The Guarantee Clause of the U. S. Constitution. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1972. 324 p. ISBN 0801406714; OCLC 251603; LC Call Number KF4600 .W55; Dewey 342/.73/042. Citations: 46. Holdings: 690. Examines Article IV, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees all states a republican form of government. Describes the origins and applications of the clause, especially in Rhode Island suffrage debates and conflicts over slavery and Reconstruction. AHR 79: 567; APSR 6S: 1344-45; AJLH 17: 212-215. 707 Wiecek, William M. The Sources of Antislavery Constitutionalism in America, 1760-1848. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977. 306 p. ISBN 0801410894; OCLC 3169317; LC Call Number KF4545.S5 W53; Dewey 346/.73/013. Citations: 129. Holdings: 713. Explores the origins of abolitionism in England, surveys legal and constitutional arguments over slavery, and discusses the Somerset and Quock Walker cases and other freedom suits in the 1780s. Argues that both pro-slavery and antislavery groups were able to use the U.S. Constitution to support their positions, due to the ambiguity of the document on the issue. AHR 84: 1160-61; AJLH 22: 275-77; CJH 16: 144-45; U 102: 2499; WMQ 36: 130-33.

20 Politics and Government

708 Adams, Willi Paul. The First American Constitutions: Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era. Chapel Hill: Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xviii, 351 p. ISBN 0807813885; OCLC 4774846; LC Call Number JK31 .A2413; Dewey 342/.73/029. Citations: 136. Holdings: 957. Revises and translates Adams's Republikanische Verfassung. Explores the development of state constitutions prior to 1787, particularly the role of Whig thought, dual sovereignty, popular government, and informal revolutionary networks. AJLH 26: 274-76; APSR 75: 757-58; CJH 17: 547-49; JAH 68: 118; U 105: 1628; New Republic 186 (10 Feb 82): 36-38; WMQ 38: 297-301. 709 Adams, Willi Paul. Republikanische Verfassung und burgerliche Freiheit: Die Verfassungen und politischen Ideen der amerikanischen Revolution. Darmstadt: Luchterhand 1973. 394 p. ISBN 3472745371; OCLC 1238480; LC Call Number JK31 .A24; Dewey 342.73. Citations: 14. Holdings: 240. Focuses on the Revolutionary era's conventions and congresses and processes of constitution-making. Concludes that ideas were important in shaping the interests of constitutional framers and, as such, exerted indirect influence on the construction of government. AHR 81: 965-66; JAH 62: 111-112; WMQ 32: 541-43. 710 Adrian, Charles R. and Ernest S. Griffith. A History of American City Government: The Formation of Traditions, 1775-1870. New York: Published for the National Municipal League by Praeger, 1976. v, 233 p. ISBN

184 Books on Early American History and Culture 0275512304; OCLC 3007463; LC Call Number JS309 .G722x; Dewey 320.4. Citations: 8. Holdings: 86. Surveys the development of municipal government, focusing on legal status, suffrage, intergovernmental relations, referenda, political organization, finance, and leadership. Finds that the period between the American Revolution and Reconstruction was marked by a broader electorate and changes in the types of leaders selected. JAH67: 399; J Urban Hist 5: 511-20. 711 Alden, John Richard. Robert Dinwiddie: Servant of the Crown. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; distributed by University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1973. x, 126 p. ISBN 0879350024; OCLC 810114; LC Call Number F234.W7 W7; Dewey 975.5/02/08. Citations: 3. Holdings: 383. Studies Dinwiddie's career, suggesting that his time in Virginia was shaped by westward migration through the Alleghenies, conflict with the French, American colonists' disputes with the government in London, and his personal arguments with John Robinson, Peyton Randolph, and Landon Carter, especially over raising money for defense of the colony. AHR 80: 716; WMQ 31: 690-92. 712 Almaraz, Felix D. Tragic Cavalier: Governor Manuel Salcedo of Texas, 1808-1813. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971. xii, 206 p. ISBN 029270139X; OCLC 163590; LC Call Number F389 .A22; Dewey 976.4/02/0924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 537. Studies the career of Salcedo, the last major colonial governor of Spanish Texas, and the impact on Texas of Father Miguel Hidalgo's push for Mexican independence. Finds that Salcedo faced much opposition from local bureaucrats and accomplished relatively little. Concludes that his failures helped bring about the end of Spanish rule in Texas. AHR7S: 160-61; JAH 59: 412-13. 713 Amacher, Richard E. American Political Writers: 1588-1800. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1979. 250 p. ISBN 0805772375; OCLC 4857475; LC Call Number El88 .A49; Dewey 320.9/73. Citations: 3. Holdings: 761. Presents brief biographies of more than 60 political thinkers and writers and summarizes some important works. Includes entries on John Wise, John Dickinson, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and James Madison. JAH 67: 657. 714 Ammon, Harry. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971. xi, 706 p. ISBN 0070015821; OCLC 133632; LC Call Number E372.A65; Dewey 973.5/4/0924. Citations: 38. Holdings: 1697. Characterizes Monroe as a student of political trends, an able administrator, and thorough thinker who was generous and tolerant. Praises Monroe's awareness of the importance of western territory, his diplomacy, and his handling of the Bank of the United States.

Politics and Government 185 AHR79: 1625-26; JAH59: 131-33;L/115: 119; WMQ29: 161-63. 715 Anna, Timothy E. The Fall of the Royal Government in Mexico City. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978. xix, 289 p. ISBN 0803209576; OCLC 3447460; LC Call Number F1232 .A57; Dewey 972/.03. Citations: 31. Holdings: 503. Asks how "a regime that survived so many threats to its existence from 1808 to 1816" could be so quickly overthrown in 1821. Argues that the revolution was not reactionary, but rather resulted from the Spanish Crown's loss of ruling authority via abdications, Bonapartism, "the mindless reaction of the restored Ferdinand VII," financial difficulties, and despotism among Mexican viceroys. AHR 84: 884-85; CJH 14: 121-23. 716 Aptheker, Herbert. Early Years of the Republic: From the End of the Revolution to the First Administration of Washington (1783-1793). New York: International Publishers, 1976. x, 167 p. ISBN 0717804712; OCLC 2424859; LC Call Number E303 .A67; Dewey 320.9/73/0318. Citations: 6. Holdings: 631. Examines the historiography and main events of the post-Revolution period. Notes that serious internal and external threats explain the structure and appeal of the Constitution, in contrast to the Articles of Confederation. JAH64: 771;U102: 378; WMQ34: 675-77. 717 Ayling, Stanley. George the Third. New York: Knopf, 1972. 510 p. ISBN 0394481690; OCLC 297850; LC Call Number DA506.A2 A9; Dewey 942.07/3/0924. Citations: 14. Holdings: 1199. Examines George Ill's life, particularly political happenings of his reign, and his family and personal life. Emphasizes his defense of imperial and constitutional ideals, strict moral principles, and alienation from America. CJHS: 177-78; JAH 60: 1098-99. 718 Bailey, Raymond C. Popular Influence upon Public Policy: Petitioning in Eighteenth-Century Virginia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. xii, 203 p. ISBN 0313208921; OCLC 4859129; LC Call Number KFV2812.P47 B34; Dewey 323.4/8/09755. Citations: 35. Holdings: 321. Studies petitions brought before the Virginia legislature in the eighteenth century. Notes their variety, from individual requests to petitions with many names. Explains the process of petitioning and the usefulness of petitions in suggesting legislation. Concludes that petitioning "offered a much broader means of participating in the governing process than did voting in eighteenthcentury elections, for even disenfranchised individuals-women, free blacks, the very poor, even an occasional slave-sent petitions to the legislature." AHR 85: 1256-57; JAH67: 122; WMQ 37: 509-511. 719 Bailyn, Bernard. The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1974. xx, 423 p. ISBN 0674641604; OCLC 867505; LC Call Number F67 .H9805; Dewey 973.3/14/0924. Citations: 52. Holdings: 1608.

186 Books on Early American History and Culture Focuses on Hutchinson's public service after 1760, stressing his efforts to moderate colonial radicalism while pleasing ministers in London. Finds that the colonists vilified him while British government leaders ignored his advice. Concludes that Hutchinson was well-meaning, but still wedded to the British system of class interest and preferments. AHR 82: 735-36; Am Lit 46: 422; CHR 56: 354-55; JAH 61: 771-72; New Republic 170 (4 May 74): 30-31; WMQ 32: 329-33. 720 Banning, Lance. The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1978. 307 p. ISBN 0801411513; OCLC 3397316; LC Call Number E302.1 .B2; Dewey 320.5/0973. Citations: 170. Holdings: 904. Contends that from 1763 to 1815 and beyond, every American political question was related to how liberty could be maintained in popular government. Explains that Americans made extensive use of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English opposition rhetoric. Concludes that English opposition ideas became palatable to Americans as "balanced" rather than "mixed" government with curbed influence of the executive, standing armies, and a moneyed elite. AHR 84: 544; CJH 13: 478-80; JAH 65: 1110; PSQ 93: 534-36; WMQ 35: 74446. 721 Becker, Robert A. Revolution, Reform, and the Politics of American Taxation, 1763-1783. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980. xi, 323 p. ISBN 0807106542; OCLC 5310323; LC Call Number HJ2368 .B4. Dewey 336.2/00973. Citations: 33. Holdings: 590. Examines taxation in the thirteen colonies and states before, during, and immediately after the Revolution. Finds that taxes were unpopular, difficult to collect, and used as political and economic weapons by one faction against another. AHR 86: 645; JAH 68: 114; J Econ Lit 19: 1584-85; U 105: 1512; WMQ 39: 381-83. 722 Beckman, Gail McKnight. The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania in the Time of William Penn: Compiled under the Authority of the Act of May 19, 1887, as Supplemented. Vol. 1: 1680-1700. New York: Vantage Press, 1976. ISBN 0533020824; OCLC 2895828; LC Call Number KFP30.5; Dewey 348/.748/022. Citations: 6. Holdings: 92. Includes the Duke of York's Laws (1665), the Charter and Laws agreed Upon in England (1682), the Petition of Right (1693), the three Frames of Government (1682, 1683 and 1696), and approximately 280 extant session laws enacted on or before 12 February 1700. Provides an extensive introduction on legal developments in early Pennsylvania. AJLH 22: 185-86. 723 Beeman, Richard R. The Old Dominion and the New Nation, 1788-1801. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1972. xiv, 282 p. ISBN 0813112699; OCLC 521656; LC Call Number F230 .B43; Dewey 320.9755. Citations: 16. Holdings: 617.

Politics and Government 187 Covers the ways in which the Virginia press reacted to national issues, local party meetings, and the role of leading families in Virginia politics. Asserts that Madison focused on local matters after 1790 in order to keep power in the Virginia political structure, and that his state-based perspective influenced his view on national matters. AHR 80: 181; JAH 60: 429-31; WMQ 30: 510-13. 724 Beeman, Richard R. Patrick Henry: A Biography. New York: McGrawHill, 1974. xvi, 229 p. ISBN 0070042802; OCLC 960156; LC Call Number E302.6 .H5 B44; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 1100. Concentrates on Henry's political career and its social context. Notes that Henry's early political success came from his position among elites in a hierarchical society, but that his rise was also based on personal style and parochialism. Concludes that, at the same time, Henry's views foreshadowed "the coming of a political structure more open and responsive than that of the past." AHR 81: 442-43; WMQ 32: 531-33. 725 Beilharz, Edwin A. Felipe de Neve: First Governor of California. San Francisco: California Historical Society, 1971. 194 p. OCLC 492040; LC Call Number F864.N52 B44; Dewey 979.4/02/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 279. Examines the life of Neve, lifetime servant of the Spanish Crown and governor of California (1774-1782). Notes that he was an able administrator who saved the province from financial ruin, reshaped the army, challenged the missions and developed secular governance, and organized internal government via his Reglamento. AHR 78: 481-82; JAH 59: 687-88. 726 Bell, Rudolph M. Party and Faction in American Politics: The House of Representatives, 1789-1801. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973. xiii, 311 p. ISBN 0837163560; OCLC 702768; LC Call Number JK1323 1789 .B4; Dewey 328.73/07/2. Citations: 14. Holdings: 578. Calculates roll call votes in the House of Representatives between 1789 and 1801 and suggests voting patterns. Argues that "issue" factions worked effectively through 1785 and that new office-oriented parties emerged afterward. AHR 80: 719-20; JAH62: 114-116; WMQ32: 340-42. 727 Bennett, Walter Hartwell, ed. Letters from the Federal Farmer to the Republican. University: University of Alabama Press, 1978. xl, 145 p. ISBN 0817351132; OCLC 3003089; LC Call Number JK146 .L46; Dewey 347.302243; Dewey 342.73/0243. Citations: 18. Holdings: 406. Collects Antifederalist essays along with an introductory essay, which concludes that Richard Henry Lee was likely not the author of the Federal Farmer letters. JAH 66: 3S4;LJ\03: 1630-31. 728 Berkeley, Edmund and Dorothy Smith Berkeley. John Beckley: Zealous Partisan in a Nation Divided. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical

188 Books on Early American History and Culture Society, 1973. xiii, 312 p. ISBN 0871691000; OCLC 771668; LC Call Number E302.6.B325 B37; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 378. Explores Beckely's life as an indentured servant, clerk of the House of Delegates of Virginia, mayor of Richmond, clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, his partisan attacks on Federalists, and work as Jefferson's campaign organizer in Pennsylvania. Argues that Beckley, along with Madison and Monroe, was a main organizer of the early Republican Party. AHR 80: 720; JAH61: 1089-90; WMQ3X: 519-21. 729 Billias, George Athan. Elbridge Gerry: Founding Father and Republican Statesman. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. xviii, 442 p. ISBN 0070052697; OCLC 2202415; LC Call Number E302.6.G37 B54; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 19. Holdings: 668. Presents a biography of Gerry with special focus on his ideas and political career. Calls Gerry "a classical republican" with an "overwhelming fear of power," which led him to support independence but to refuse to sign the Constitution. AHR 82: 737; JAH 64: 765; U101: 1621; WMQ 34: 672-73. 730 Bonomi, Patrica U. A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. xiii, 342 p. ISBN 0231035098; OCLC 196242; LC Call Number F122 .B65; Dewey 917.47/03/2. Citations: 63. Holdings: 862. Contends that early New York politics were fractured by dispersed settlement, culturally diverse immigrants, and the lack of a representative assembly until the end of the seventeenth century. Concludes that early divisions were felt well into the nineteenth century. AHR 78: 150; CHR 54: 465-66; WMQ 29: 497-99. 731 Bonomi, Patricia U., ed. Party and Political Opposition in Revolutionary America. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Press, 1980. xi, 157 p. ISBN 0912882395; OCLC 6195888; LC Call Number JK2260 .P37; Dewey 324.2732. Citations: 9. Holdings: 536. Presents essays on civil wars, revolutions, and political parties, religion and politics in revolutionary New England, the legal and religious context of natural rights theory, the pattern of factional development in Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts between 1682 and 1776, the empire and British political factions, the South Carolina election of 1768, and parties and the transformation of constitutional ideals in Revolutionary Pennsylvania. AHR 87: 247. 732 Bonwick, Colin. English Radicals and the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. xxii, 362 p. ISBN 0807812773; OCLC 2188999; LC Call Number HN400.R3 B66; LC Call Number HN400.R3 B723; Dewey 322.4/4/0942. Citations: 43. Holdings: 799. Discusses the influence of the American Revolution on British radicalism extending through the early nineteenth-century efforts to reform "rotten boroughs" and eliminate codes against religious dissent. Shows that

Politics and Government 189 transatlantic communication among reformers was made easier by their socioeconomic similarities. AHRS2: 1245-46; JAH 66: 632; U102: 1181; WMQ 35: 406-409. 733 Bowen, Catherine Drinker. The Most Dangerous Man in America: Scenes from the Life of Benjamin Franklin. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1974. xiv, 274 p. ISBN 0316103969; OCLC 922916; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 B79. Dewey 973.3/2/0924. Citations: 4. Holdings: 2214. Describes portions of Franklin's life prior to the Declaration of Independence: his life as an essayist for the New England Courant, achievements and fame as a scientist, the Albany Congress and Plan of Union (1754), his time in London during the Stamp Act Crisis, and the Alexander Wedderburn episode. Portrays Franklin as both an Enlightenment figure and common man. AHR 81: 205-206; New Republic 171 (2 Nov 74): 37-38. 734 Boyd, Julian P., ed. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 18: 4 November 1790 to 24 January 1791. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972. 646 p. ISBN 0691045828; OCLC 26749194; LC Call Number E302 J45; Dewey 973.46 18. Citations: 1. Holdings: 1564. Documents cover the last part of the First Congress, Jefferson's service as Secretary of State, and efforts to achieve commercial reciprocity with Great Britain. AHR 79: 852-53; JAH 60: 98-100; WMQ 32: 656-59. 735 Boyd, Julian P., ed. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 19: 24 January to 31 March 1791. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974. 682 p. ISBN 0691045836; OCLC 26749194; LC Call Number E302 J45; Dewey 973.46 18. Citations: 12. Holdings: 1564. Papers cover the debate over the establishment of a national bank, the nature of republicanism, science and philosophy, and remembrances of Benjamin Franklin. AHR 81: 1226-1227; WMQ32: 656-59. 736 Brodie, Fawn M. Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History. New York: Norton, 1974. 591 p. ISBN 0393074803; OCLC 672400; LC Call Number E332 .B787; Dewey 973.4/6/0924. Citations: 62. Holdings: 3614. Presents a psychological analysis of Jefferson, focusing on passion and selfcontrol. Argues that in his personal life, Jefferson had a difficult time controlling himself, as in the cases of Maria Cosway and Sally Hemmings, but that he was remarkably rational in his role as President. AHR 80: 1390; Am Lit 46: 580-81; APSR 71: 339-40; JAH 61: 1090-91; WMQ 32:510-512. 737 Brooke, John. King George HI. London: Constable, 1972. xix, 411 p. ISBN 0070080593; OCLC 528652; LC Call Number DA506.A2 B75; Dewey 942.07/3/0924. Citations: 33. Holdings: 1411.

190 Books on Early American History and Culture Explores George's personality, particularly his shyness, as well as the influence of Lord Bute, George's attempts to manage factions, efforts to follow the Constitution and, especially, shifting political coalitions prior to 1770. CJH 9: 346-47; JAH60: 428-29; WMQ 30: 531-33. 738 Broussard, James H. The Southern Federalists, 1800-1816. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978. xiii, 438 p. ISBN 0807102881; OCLC 3706394; LC Call Number F213 .B76; Dewey 320.9/75/03. Citations: 13. Holdings: 635. Studies Southern Federalists after the 1800 election, taking note of the events of 1800, the decline of the party through 1808, its revival through 1816, its role in southern state politics and society, and Federalist voters. Argues that Southern Federalism was not based on commercial, urban, or elite interests, but rather on national interests and the fear of France. Concludes that Southern Federalists were isolated from their northern counterparts and were not united on economic issues. AHR 84: 1147; JAH66: 921;U103: 2516; WMQ3S: 322-25. 739 Brown, Ralph Adams. The Presidency of John Adams. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1975. x, 248 p. ISBN 0700601341; OCLC 1218581; LC Call Number E321 .B84; Dewey 973.4/4/0924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 1418. Presents a positive assessment of Adams's presidency. Characterizes Adams as a wise and determined leader who spared the United States from disastrous internal conflict and war with France. AHR 81: 1234; JAH63: 401; U 101: 525-26. 740 Browning, Reed. The Duke of Newcastle. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975. xiv, 388 p. ISBN 0300017464; OCLC 1251841; LC Call Number DA501.N5 B76; Dewey 941.07/2/0924. Citations: 22. Holdings: 560. Studies Newcastle's role in the War of Jenkin's Ear, the Seven Years' War, patronage, and English finance. Finds that Newcastle "handled both foreign and financial affairs in a fashion we can call professional," but that "ultimately he was a failure" in domestic policies. AHR 82: 634; CHR 58: 335-36; WMQ 33: 342-43. 741 Buel, Richard, Jr. Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789-1815. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972. xii, 391 p. ISBN 0801407052; OCLC 329442; LC Call Number JK2260 .B8; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 59. Holdings: 956. Argues that Federalists and Republicans arose from fundamental disagreement about the nature of the republic in the early 1790s. Notes that they squared off with greatest vehemence over foreign relations, divided sovereignty, and the nature of political power. Concludes that "Federalism was the choice of those who felt insecure as leaders because of changes wrought by the Revolution" and that Republicans were able "to assimilate both revolutionary ideology and popular preferences."

Politics and Government 191 AHR 79: 850-51; APSR 68: 274-75; JAH 60: 431-32; WMQ 30: 503-506. 742 Burkholder, Mark A. and D. S. Chandler. From Impotence to Authority: The Spanish Crown and the American Audiencias, 1687-1808. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977. xii, 253 p. ISBN 0826202195; OCLC 2508309; LC Call Number E123 .B88; Dewey 347/.46/014. Citations: 50. Holdings: 461. Analyzes 693 judges appointed to the American audiencias between 1687 and 1821, focusing on the years after Charles IPs decision to sell the judgeships. Finds that in the late seventeenth century Creoles increasingly were appointed as judges, and that many were native bom. Notes that after 1750 the number of Creoles in office declined sharply and that by 1808 only about 25 percent were Creoles. AHR 82: 1373. 743 Butterfield, L. H. , Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline,eds. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975. ix, 411 p. ISBN 0674078551; OCLC 1735330; LC Call Number E322.1 .A293; Dewey 973.4/4/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 2188. Presents selections from the letters of John and Abigail Adams and from John Adams's diary, arranged for a general readership. Includes explanatory notes. AHR 81: 960-61; EAL 11: 347-48; Natl Rev 28: 460-61; New Republic 173 (11 Oct 75): 27-29. 744 Callahan, North. George Washington: Soldier and Man. New York: Morrow, 1972. xiii, 296 p. OCLC 402990; LC Call Number E312.25 .C28; Dewey 973.4/1/0924. Citations: 2. Holdings: 997. Offers a biography of Washington for a general readership. Focuses on his role in the Revolutionary War and characterizes Washington as an extraordinary leader and personality. AHR 80: 489; JAH 61: 768-69. 745 Cassell, Frank A.. Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland, 1752-1839. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971. xiii, 283 p. ISBN 0299060004; OCLC 241594; LC Call Number E302.6.S575 C3; Dewey 328.73/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 560. Presents a biography of Smith, a Maryland merchant, soldier, and politician. Examines Smith's fortune-building, his lengthy career in the House and Senate, his views on foreign policy and defense, and his role in the defense of Baltimore during the War of 1812. AHR 78: 153-54; JAH59: 988-89; WMQ 29: 653-55. 746 Chase, James S. Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789-1832. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973. xvii, 332 p. ISBN 0252003128; OCLC 900691; LC Call Number JK2255 .C45; Dewey 329/.0221/0973. Citations: 4. Holdings: 687.

192 Books on Early American History and Culture Traces the development of presidential nominating conventions through those held by the Antimasons, National Republicans, and Democrats in 1832. Provides English and American backgrounds for convention practices and finds that Antimasonry led in the development and use of conventions. AHR 80: 1388; APSR 71: 342-43; JAH 61: 1097-98. 747 Clarfield, Gerard H. Timothy Pickering and the American Republic. Pittsburgh, Perm.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1980. viii, 320 p. ISBN 0822934140; OCLC 5676845; LC Call Number E302.6.P5 C553; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 16. Holdings: 536. Studies the life of Pickering, particularly his service in the Revolution, land speculation, work as Secretary of War and of State, Postmaster General, negotiator of Indian treaties, and service in Congress. ,4/fl? 86: 917-918; 7,4//68: 370; ZJ 105: 1506; WMQ3S.331-32. 748 Clark, Barbara Louise. E. B.: The Story ofElias Boudinot IV, His Family, His Friends, and His Country. Philadelphia, Perm.: Dorrance, 1977. xiv, 472 p. ISBN 0805922466; OCLC 3281664; LC Call Number E302.6.B7 C57; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 117. Publishes some correspondence of Boudinot, along with comment. Covers Boudinot's official roles and political career, his views on the Revolution, and his family life. JAH 65: 437. 749 Collier, Christopher. Roger Sherman's Connecticut: Yankee Politics and the American Revolution. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1971. xiv, 409 p. ISBN 0819540358; OCLC 146675; LC Call Number E302.6.S5 C6; Dewey 973.31. Citations: 9. Holdings: 544. Focuses on Sherman, "but colony, state, and national politics are developed as he and they act and react on each other." Discusses Sherman's rapid social rise, his activities in government at all levels, and notes that he was "more concerned with position and power than particular policies." Characterizes Sherman "as a major participant in the national politics that founded the American Nation." AHR7S: \57;JAH5S: 1003-1004; WMQ 29: 499-501. 750 Conkin, Paul K. Self-Evident Truths: Being a Discourse on the Origins & Development of the First Principles of American Government—Popular Sovereignty, Natural Rights, and Balance & Separation of Powers. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1974. xii, 211 p. ISBN 0253351502; OCLC 797762; LC Call Number JA84.U5 C63; Dewey 320/.0973. Citations: 13. Holdings: 788. Considers the origins and original eighteenth-century meanings of popular sovereignty, natural rights, mixed government, and separation of powers. Stresses that these meanings have changed greatly over the course of two centuries. AHR 81: 205-206; JAH 62: 379-80; WMQ 32: 349-51.

Politics and Government 193 751 Conley, Patrick T. Democracy in Decline: Rhode Island's Constitutional Development, 1776-1841. Providence: Rhode Island Historical Society, 1977. xvi, 433 p. ISBN 0917012097; OCLC 3716043; LC Call Number KFR401.5 .C6; Dewey 974.503. Citations: 5. Holdings: 258. Explores Rhode Island constitutional and political history from the beginning of state government to the Dorr War. Suggests that demographic shifts resulted in the decline of democracy and a gradual slide into near oligarchy. AHRS3: 1087-88;AJLH24: 84-86; JAH65: 1111; WMQ36: 155-56. 752 Cooke, Jacob E. Tench Coxe and the Early Republic. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1978. xiv, 573 p. ISBN 0807813087; OCLC 3608895; LC Call Number E302.6.C74 C66; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 20. Holdings: 535. Studies the life and writings of Coxe, early republican political thinker and public servant. Discusses Coxe's background, various public and private roles, and ideas on politics and economics. Stresses Coxe's venomous rhetorical style and his straddling of Federalist and Jeffersonian parties. AHR 84: 546-47; JAH 66: 389; UJ103: 1054; WMQ 36: 298-300. 753 Coward, Joan Wells. Kentucky in the New Republic: The Process of Constitution Making. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1979. 220 p. ISBN 0813113806; OCLC 4593719; LC Call Number F454 .C86; Dewey 320.9/769/03. Citations: 13. Holdings: 378. Reviews the drafting of Kentucky's first state constitutions. Finds that the strongest disagreements came over the continuation of slavery, the rules governing the manumission of slaves and, most fundamentally, whether settlers of the southern and western parts of Kentucky could be considered the political equals of the Bluegrass elites. AHR S6: 204-205; JAH 70: 140; WMQ 37: 525-26. 754 Cox, Joseph W. Champion of Southern Federalism: Robert Goodloe Harper of South Carolina. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1972. x, 230 p. ISBN 0804690251; OCLC 533412; LC Call Number E302.6.H29 C69; Dewey 328.757/092/4. Citations: 2. Holdings: 415. Sketches the life and career of Harper, a South Carolina Federalist. Focuses on Harper's career in the House of Representatives and his efforts to establish government structures in the early Republic. Characterizes Harper as a conservative nationalist who stubbornly held to his views. AHR 79: 854-55; JAH 60: 124-25. 755 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. Circular Letters of Congressmen to Their Constituents, 1789-1829. Vol. 1: First Congress-Ninth Congress, 1789-1807; Vol. 2: Tenth Congress-Fourteenth Congress, 1807-1817; Vol. 3: Fifteenth Congress-Twentieth Congress, 1817-1829. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1978. lxiii, 1634 p. ISBN 0807812897;

194 Books on Early American History and Culture OCLC 2401707; LC Call Number E310 .C55; Dewey 328.73/04. Citations: 32. Holdings: 422. Collects circular letters for the first twenty Congresses (1789-1829). Includes an introduction, directory of legislators, notes and an index. Letters summarize the activities of each congressional session, with general emphasis on foreign affairs. AHR 84: 847-48; CJH 14: 479-80; WMQ 36: 486-88. 756 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. The Process of Government under Jefferson. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. xii, 357 p. ISBN 0691046514; OCLC 3480474; LC Call Number JK180 .C86; Dewey 320.9/73/046. Citations: 30. Holdings: 902. Reveals details about the operation of Jefferson's federal government. Covers executive decisions on the budget, patronage, foreign affairs, and negotiations with Congress, as well as the Congressional committee system, petitions, and party politics. Asserts that Jefferson was a harder working and more capable administrator than either Washington or Adams. AHR 84: 848-49; JAH 66: 134; U 103: 1268; PSQ 94: 546-48; WMQ 36: 300302. 757 Dabney, Virginius, ed. The Patriots: The American Revolution Generation of Genius. New York: Athenaeum, 1975. xii, 248 p. ISBN 0689106904; OCLC 2234631; LC Call Number E302.5 .P37; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 1. Holdings: 611. Presents short sketches of 50 Revolutionary figures. Focuses on the achievements of each in various endeavors, with an emphasis on government. JAH 63: 694-95; U 100: 2321. 758 Daniels, Bruce C , ed. Town and County: Essays on the Structure of Local Government in the American Colonies. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1978. xiv, 279 p. ISBN 0819550205; OCLC 3730879; LC Call Number JS311 T68; Dewey 352.073. Citations: 42. Holdings: 803. Essays cover English legal change and the origins of local government in northern Massachusetts, political structure of local government in colonial Connecticut, local government in colonial Maryland, county courts in colonial Virginia, the Anglican Church as a basic institution of local government in colonial Virginia, the gentry of colonial South Carolina and their roles in local government (1670-1770), the development and structure of local government in colonial New York, local government in colonial Pennsylvania, and government of eighteenth-century Philadelphia. AHR 84: 1143-44; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 327-46; JAH 66: 375; WMQ 37: 506507. 759 Dargo, George. Roots of the Republic: A New Perspective on Early American Constitutionalism. New York: Praeger, 1974. 187 p. OCLC 755074; LC Call Number JK54 .D35; Dewey 320.9/73/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 544. Examines colonial law and government, focusing on procedural and substantive law, government by consent, religious freedom, freedom of expression, and

Politics and Government 195 open political process. Contends that the American colonies made substantial achievements in "the liberality of American law," "courageous and competitive journalism," "religious liberalism," "genuine spiritual freedom," and an effective political system. JAH 61: 1088-89. 760 Davis, Joseph L. Sectionalism in American Politics, 1774-1787. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. x, 239 p. ISBN 0299070204; OCLC 2345609; LC Call Number E303 .D38; Dewey 320.9/73/03. Citations: 14. Holdings: 628. Examines "sectional identity, sectional differences, and sectional interest, values, and jealousies" in Revolutionary America. Concludes that sectionalism "complicated the struggle between the proponents and opponents of stronger central government" and inhibited the latter group from fully defending its ideology and the Articles of Confederation. ^///?83:270-71;yv4//65:433; WMQ 35: 574-76. 761 Dawidoff, Robert. The Education of John Randolph. New York: Norton, 1979. 346 p. ISBN 0393012425; OCLC 5126257; LC Call Number E302.6.R2 D28; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 21. Holdings: 733. Focuses on Randolph's upbringing and education, asserting that they were the keys to his personality. Notes that Randolph's early conservatism was shaped by his childhood, but that his later reading came mostly from English satirical Whig writers. Concludes that he was influenced by a "vision of America compounded of nostalgia for the Revolutionary and English past as well as for a personal past." AHRS5: 1260-61; JAH67: 134; U104: 2344; WMQ 36: 526-29. 762 De Pauw, Linda Grant, ed. Documentary History of the First Federal Congress of the United States of America, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1791. Vol. 1: Senate Legislative Journal. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972. ISBN 0801812801; OCLC 410137; LC Call Number KF350 .D63; Dewey 328.73/01. Citations: 3. Holdings: 338. Presents the journal of the first United States Senate. Includes entries on both insignificant and weighty matters. Discusses things like the admission of new states and the governing of western territory, the federal judiciary and the Bill of Rights, and the proper way of addressing the President. AJLH 17: 369-72; JAH 60: 412-414; WMQ 30: 508-510. 763 De Pauw, Linda Grant, ed. Documentary History of the First Federal Congress of the United States of America, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1791. Vol. 2: Senate Executive Journal and Related Documents. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. xvii, 574 p. ISBN 080181572X; OCLC 820978; LC Call Number KF350 .D63; Dewey 328.73/01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 367. Publishes the first Senate's Executive Journal with notes and related documents and short biographies of nominees for government posts considered by the

196 Books on Early American History and Culture Senate. Includes documents on Indian treaties (1783-1790), consular conventions with France (1784, 1788), and letters regarding prisoners in Algiers. JAH 62:95-96. 764 De Pauw, Linda Grant, ed. Documentary History of the First Federal Congress of the United States of America, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1791. Vol. 3: House of Representatives Journal. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. xxix, 900 p. ISBN 0801818192; OCLC 2493291; LC Call Number KF350 .D63; Dewey 328.73/01. Citations: 1. Holdings: 282. Presents documents on official House actions, but no account of debates. Includes an index with cross-references to Senate documents. AHR 82: 1324-25; JAH65: 413. 765 Deny, John W. English Politics and the American Revolution. London: J.M. Dent, 1976. 215 p. ISBN 0460100890; OCLC 2617914; LC Call Number E211 .D4; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 5. Holdings: 418. Approaches the American Revolution "as a debate about the meaning of the inheritance derived from the Glorious Revolution, carried on within the particular context of the British political system in the middle years of the eighteenth century." Shows that both sides of the debate believed that they were upholding the English constitution. JAH 65: 131; WMQ 35: 741-42. 766 Dinkin, Robert J. Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689-1776. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977. x, 284 p. ISBN 0837195438; OCLC 3186037; LC Call Number JK97.A3 D56; Dewey 329/.023/7302. Citations: 22. Holdings: 614. Studies the pre-Independence political process in America, including candidates, influences on and qualifications of voters, balloting, and the magnitude of voting. Contends that, overall, the system was more democratic than aristocratic and became more democratic over time. AHR 84: 540-41 ;JAH 66: 120; WMQ 36: 127-28. 767 Dominguez, Jorge I. Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American Empire. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980. ix, 307 p. ISBN 0674456351; OCLC 6580232; LC Call Number F1412 .D67; Dewey 980/.02 19. Citation: 37. Holdings: 460. Explains the breakdown of the Spanish American empire in terms of "the political relations between elites participating in politics and the imperial and local governments responding to them." Focuses on Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela. AHR 86: 1177-78; APSR 76: 163-64. 768 Durham, Walter T. Daniel Smith, Frontier Statesman. Gallatin, Term.: Sumner County Library Board, 1976. xiv, 318 p. OCLC 2542249; LC Call Number E340.S54 D87; Dewey 328.73/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 89. Examines the life of Smith, Virginia and Tennessee frontiersman, surveyor and founder of the town of Abingdon. Trades his service as a militia officer during

Politics and Government 197 Dumore's War, member of the Committee of Safety, Indian fighter, and negotiator of the Virginia-North Carolina border, secretary of the Southwest Territory, and Senator from Tennessee. WMQ 34: 687-88. 769 Durham, Walter T. James Winchester: Tennessee Pioneer. Gallatin, Term.: Sumner County Library Board, 1979. xii, 281 p. OCLC 5915309; LC Call Number F436.W74 D87; Dewey 976.8/04/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 83. Concentrates on the career of Winchester (1752-1826), captain and prisoner of war during the American Revolution, official and militia commander in Sumner County, Tennessee, supporter of ratification of the U.S. Constitution, member of the legislative council of the territory southwest of the Ohio River, Tennessee state senator and general during the War of 1812. Notes his friendship with Andrew Jackson and role in founding Memphis. AHR 86: 204. 770 East, Robert A. John Adams. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1979. 126 p. ISBN 0805777237; OCLC 4774905; LC Call Number E322 .E27; Dewey 973.4/4/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 475. Presents a biography generally critical of Adams. Describes Adams as egocentric and not politically astute, but an effective administrator and welltraveled individual. Traces his life from childhood, to education, practice of law, and service in the Continental Congress and as minister to Britain, Vice President, and President. JAH 67: 394. 771 Ellis, Richard E. The Jeffersonian Crisis: Courts and Politics in the Young Republic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. xii, 377 p. OCLC 135055; LC Call Number KF5130 .E44; Dewey 320.9/73/046. Citations: 99. Holdings: 1190. Surveys state and federal judiciaries in the 1790s and early 1800s, arguing that it was the primary domestic issue for Jefferson's first term as president. Contends that it represented not a simple Federalist-Republican conflict, but also a split within the Jeffersonian faction between moderates and "Old Republicans" who wanted tighter restrictions on the judiciary. Finds that Jefferson steadfastly supported judicial independence, despite an intense struggle among the branches of government. AJLH 16: 197-200; JAH58: 727-29; WMQ2S: 671-73. 772 Ernst, Joseph Albert. Money and Politics in America, 1755-1775. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1973. xix, 403 p. ISBN 080781217X; OCLC 622650; LC Call Number HG508 .E75; Dewey 973.3/1. Citations: 27. Holdings: 722. Analyzes British motivations behind, and colonial reactions to, the Currency Act of 1764. Contends that rebellion and protests were generally linked to economics.

198 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 80: 717; APSR 70: 635-36; CHR 56: 355-57; Econ Hist Rev 28: 742-43; JAH 61: 765-67; J Econ Lit 13: 54-55; WMQ31: 673-76. 773 Evans, Emory G. Thomas Nelson of Yorktown: Revolutionary Virginian. Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1975. x, 204 p. ISBN 0879350245; OCLC 1176146; LC Call Number F234.W7 W7; Dewey 975.5/03/0924. Citations: 4. Holdings: 485. Provides a biography of Nelson, signer of the Declaration of Independence and governor of Virginia during the 1781 British invasion. Points out the humble beginnings of the Nelson family and its accumulation of wealth through trade. Characterizes Nelson as having talent, particularly in public finance, and as an especially influential individual. AHR 81: 963-64; JAH 63: 387-88; U100: 2042; WMQ 33: 165-66. 774 Fleming, Thomas. The Man Who Dared the Lightning: A New Look at Benjamin Franklin. New York: Morrow, 1971. x, 532 p. OCLC 121760; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 F57; Dewey 973.32/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1347. Presents a biography of Franklin for a general readership. Discusses Franklin's political and scientific careers, as well as his economic interests. AHR77: 1503-1504. 775 Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington: Anguish and Farewell (1793-1799). Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1972. xii, 554 p. ISBN 0316286028; OCLC 379457; LC Call Number E312.29 .F56; Dewey 973.4/3/0924. Citations: 18. Holdings: 1843. Sketches Washington's later life and death, characterizing him as an ailing and faltering man who at times "seems to have lost contact with reality." Discusses Washington's desires to free his slaves, his sale of household goods, and collection of art. AHR7S: 1124-25; JAH60: 791-93; WMQ30: 663-65. 776 Flexner, James Thomas. Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1974. xvii, 423 p. ISBN 0316286052; OCLC 886409; LC Call Number E312 .F556; Dewey 973.4/1/0924. Citations: 16. Holdings: 2604. Abridges Flexner's four-volume biography of Washington for the general reader. Argues that Washington was indispensable to the Revolution's success, the Constitution, and the formation of a viable republican government. AHR SI: 655. 777 Flexner, James Thomas. The Young Hamilton: A Biography. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1978. xiv, 497 p. ISBN 0316285943; OCLC 3327914; LC Cal Number E302.6.H2 F58; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 1902. Focuses on Hamilton's early years to explain his later conduct. Describes his illegitimacy, father's financial problems, and mother's promiscuity. Concludes that early wounds and emotional detachment caused Hamilton to become irrational and hysterical and the "most psychologically troubled of the founding fathers." AHR 84: 252-53; Atl Month 241 (Apr 78): 127; U103: 966.

Politics and Government 199 778 Foner, Philip S. The Democratic-Republican Societies, 1790-1800: A Documentary Source-Book of Constitutions, Declarations, Addresses, Resolutions, and Toasts. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976. xiii, 484 p. ISBN 0837189071; OCLC 2596550; LC Call Number E310 .D4; Dewey 320.9/73/04. Citations: 22. Holdings: 475. Provides documents from societies opposed to Hamilton and the Federalists on a range of foreign policy and domestic matters. Includes an introduction that touches on the origins, membership, and influence of such institutions. U 101: 2570; WMQ 35: 413-415. 779 Forster, Cornelius P. The Uncontrolled Chancellor: Charles Townshend, His American Policy. Providence: Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation, 1978. xv, 155 p. ISBN 091701216X; OCLC 4994160; LC Call Number DA501.T7 F6; Dewey 941.07/2/0924. Citations: 4. Holdings: 264. Concentrates on the end of Townshend's career, from his appointment as Secretary of War (1761) until his death in 1767. Argues that Townshend's positions on issues generally shifted, but that he consistently pursued his own promotion and a program designed to guarantee England's supremacy in the American colonies. AHR 85: 205-206; JAH 66: 633; U104: 1248-51; WMQ 36: 673-76. 780 Forsythe, Dall W. Taxation and Political Change in the Young Nation, 1781-1833. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. x, 167 p. ISBN 0213041926; OCLC 2798805; LC Call Number HJ2368 .F67; Dewey 336.2/00973. Citations: 8. Holdings: 471. Views taxation as the central issue in the early republican period because of its importance to the scope and functions of government. Studies the history of taxation from the Revolutionary era to the War of 1812 and through tariff controversies leading to the Nullification Crisis. AHR 83: 804; APSR 73: 237-38; JAH 65: 455; PSQ 93: 533-34; WMQ 36: 15152. 781 Fowler, William M., Jr. The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1980. xiii, 366 p. ISBN 0395276195; OCLC 5493800; LC Call Number E302.6.H23 F65; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 8. Holdings: 932. Presents a biography of Hancock for a general readership. Rejects the idea that Hancock was a "rich empty-headed dilettante" who fell under the dominating influence of Samuel Adams. AHR 85: 1260; JAH67: 392; U104: 2564. 782 Fowler, William M., Jr. William Ellery: A Rhode Island Politico and Lord of Admiralty. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973. vi, 231 p. ISBN 0810805766; OCLC 516360; LC Call Number F83.E44 F68; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 234. Presents a biography of Ellery with a focus on the Revolutionary years. Discusses Ellery's service as Rhode Island delegate to the Continental Congress, and work as commissioner of admiralty. Notes that Ellery championed state

200 Books on Early American History and Culture interests, but also served the national interest as a member of the committee to develop the Continental Navy. JAH62: 971-72; WMQ31: 339-41. 783 Friedlaender, Marc and L.H. Butterfield, eds. Adams Family Correspondence. Vol. 3: April 1778-September 1780; Vol. 4: October 1780September 1782. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1973. lvii, 426 p.; xvii, 472 p. OCLC 3890197; LC Call Number E322.1 .A27. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1106. Publishes letters covering the Silas Deane controversy, inflation, the war, and diplomacy. Includes annotations and an index. AHR 80: 490-91. 784 Ganyard, Robert L. The Emergence of North Carolina's Revolutionary State Government. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1978. vii, 104 p. OCLC 4127595; LC Call Number E263.N8 G25; Dewey 320.9/757/03. Citations: 2. Holdings: 159. Describes the royal government, the Regulator uprising, the revolutionary political organization, and the development of a state constitution. Concludes that the state's revolutionary government "established the foundation upon which greater democracy could build in the nineteenth century." JAH 66: 634. 785 Gerlach, Larry R. Connecticut Congressman: Samuel Huntington, 17311796. Hartford: American Revolution Bicentennial Commission of Connecticut, 1976. 142 p. ISBN 0918676045; OCLC 3273169; LC Call Number E302.6.H914 G47; Dewey 328.73/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 104. Presents a biography of Huntington, Connecticut assemblyman, representative to the Continental Congress, president under the Articles of Confederation, and governor of Connecticut. Notes that Huntington was not a strong leader, but rather followed the general will of those around him. JAH 65: 1104. 786 Haffenden, Philip S. New England in the English Nation, 1689-1713. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1974. xiii, 326 p. ISBN 0198211244; OCLC 1121414; LC Call Number F7 .H22; Dewey 974/.02. Citations: 10. Holdings: 445. Examines the relationship between England and New England in the two decades following the Glorious Revolution. Contends that Massachusetts had to figure out how to fit "into an empire they had refused earlier to recognize" and reverted to the idea of religious mission. Concludes that assimilation in the empire and the rivalry with the French played at least as large a role in shaping New England attitudes as its earlier provincial autonomy. AHR 82: \70-7\;JAH62: 667-68; WMQ32: 517-18. 787 Hall, Van Beck. Politics without Parties: Massachusetts, 1780-1791. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972. xvii, 375 p. ISBN

Politics and Government 201 0822932342; OCLC 315459; LC Call Number F69 .H3; Dewey 320.9/744/03. Citations: 19. Holdings: 447. Argues that coherent socioeconomic concerns formed the basis of factions even before political parties were organized in Massachusetts. Examines 343 political units that sent representatives to the General Court and finds that coastal, commercial areas and more isolated, inland regions disagreed over state debt issues. AHR 78: 482; JAH 59: 699-700; WMQ 30: 161-63. 788 Hammond, Cleon E. John Hart: The Biography of a Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Newfane, Vt.: Pioneer Press, 1977. xv, 357 p. OCLC 3273511; LC Call Number E302.6.H33 H35; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 115. Traces the life of Hart, businessman, justice of the peace, New Jersey legislator, member of the Continental Congress, and signer of the Declaration. Includes material on Hart's slaves, personal interests, family, illness, and death. JAH 65: 136-37. 789 Hatfield, Joseph T. William Claiborne: Jeffersonian Centurion in the American Southwest. Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1976. xiv, 393 p. OCLC 2644819; LC Call Number E353.1.C6 H37; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 2. Holdings: 134. Presents a biography of Claibome, territorial governor of Mississippi, governor of the Territory of Orleans, and first elected governor of the state of Louisiana. Covers his role in the War of 1812, the Burr conspiracy, and West Florida controversy. JAH 64:431. 790 Hawke, David Freeman. Benjamin Rush: Revolutionary Gadfly. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971. x, 490 p. OCLC 157511; LC Call Number E302.6.R85 H3; Dewey 973.3/0924. Citations: 24. Holdings: 1085. Examines the early life of Rush, physician, politician, and social reformer in early America. Characterizes Rush as a persistent, but overly talkative, arrogant, and not particularly creative individual. AHR7S: 156-57; APSR 66: 1364-65; JAH 58: 1000-1002; WMQ 29: 309-310. 791 Hawke, David Freeman. Franklin. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. ix, 436 p. ISBN 0060117796; OCLC 1958152; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 H38; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 3. Holdings: 722. Studies Franklin's life and character through July 1776. Covers Franklin's public service, courtship and marriage, and science, among other things. AHR 83: 513-14; JAH63: 995-96; LJ101: 886. 792 Hawke, David Freeman. Paine. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. x, 500 p. ISBN 0060117842; OCLC 3611157; LC Call Number JC178.V2 H34; Dewey 320.5/1/0924. Citations: 27. Holdings: 1637. Examines the life of Paine, arguing that he was not without a conservative strain of thought. Explains that he favored equal opportunity and believed that the

202 Books on Early American History and Culture execution of Louis XVI during the French Revolution may have gone too far. Sees Paine's major contribution not in radicalism, but in journalism. AHR 80: 1041; AmLit47: 117-118;XM/61: 1086-87. 793 Hecht, Marie B. John Quincy Adams: A Personal History of an Independent Man. New York: Macmillan, 1972. xiv, 682 p. OCLC 488426; LC Call Number E377 .H43; Dewey 973.5/5/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1021. Focuses on the details of Adams's personal life, including his childhood, family, health, social life, and European travels. JAH 60: 441-42; WMQ 30: 683-84. 794 Henderson, H. James. Party Politics in the Continental Congress. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974. xvii, 475 p. ISBN 0070281432; OCLC 960253; LC Call Number JK1033.H43; Dewey 973.3/12. Citations: 38. Holdings: 569. Examines roll call votes in Continental Congresses between 1774 and 1786 to see if de facto parties existed. Finds that the coherence of voting patterns was based on geography, with Middle Atlantic representatives being the most conservative. Concludes that sectional coherence collapsed in 1783. JAH 62: 980-81; WMQ 32: 632-35. 795 Hendricks, J. Edwin. Charles Thompson and the Making of a New Nation, 1729-1824. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1979. xi, 211 p. ISBN 0838620728; OCLC 4884285; LC Call Number E302.6.T48 H4; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 278. Offers a biography of Thompson, secretary to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1789. Discusses Thompson's careers as teacher, merchant, politician, and biblical scholar, and role in designing the Great Seal of the United States. WMQ 38: 330-31. 796 Henretta, James A. "Salutary Neglect": Colonial Administration under the Duke of Newcastle. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972. xii, 381 p. ISBN 0691051968; OCLC 352074; LC Call Number E195 .H4; Dewey 325/.31/0973. Citations: 18. Holdings: 641. Discusses English politicians and administrators who had interests in America from the 1720s through the 1750s, chief among them the Duke of Newcastle. Finds that Newcastle had a poor understanding of the colonies and less influence over them than has previously been supposed. Concludes that "Newcastle failed to make a single positive contribution to the functioning of the colonial system." AHR 78: 437-38; CHR 55: 328-29; JAH 59: 980-82; WMQ 30: 329-32. 797 Hemdon, G. Melvin. William Tatham, 1752-1819: American Versatile. Johnson City, Term.: Research Advisory Council, East Tennessee State University, 1973. ix, 311 p. OCLC 889156; LC Call Number F340.T27 H4; Dewey 973.4/092/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 85. Presents a biography of Tatham, "clerk, frontiersman, soldier, merchant, lawyer, legislator, engineer, geographer, cartographer, author, civil servant, world traveler, self-styled diplomat, and book collector." Argues that Tatham's life

Politics and Government 203 "reflects the cruel realities of the struggle for success in a land of opportunity much more distinctly than do the lives of the great." AHR 79: 846-47; JAH 60: 1098. 798 Higginbotham, Don, ed. The Papers of James Iredell. Raleigh: Division of Archives and History, Department of Cultural Resources, 1976. 2 vols. OCLC 2491698; LC Call Number KF8745.I7 A4; Dewey 347A73/2634. Citations: 6. Holdings: 224. Contains correspondence, political essays and other documents of Iredell's from his arrival in Edenton, North Carolina (1767) to the end of the American Revolution. Includes an introduction on Iredell and scholarly notes. AHR 82: 1061-62; JAH65: 412; WMQ 35: 588-90. 799 Hill, C. William, Jr. The Political Theory of John Taylor of Caroline. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1977. 343 p. ISBN 0838619029; OCLC 2401401; LC Call Number JK305 .H54; Dewey 320.5/092/4. Citations: 7. Holdings: 330. Argues that Taylor (1753-1824) was a political theorist whose work covered "a wide range of topics in an integrated fashion." Explains that Taylor was not a proponent of states' rights, strictly speaking, but of division of power and that therefore he opposed sectionalism and his ideas precluded secession. AHR S4: 547; APSR 73: 1130-31; WMQ 35: 582-84. 800 Hoerder, Dirk. Society and Government 1760-1780: The Power Structure in Massachusetts Townships. Berlin: John F. Kennedy-Institut, 1972. ii, 200 p. OCLC 990316; LC Call Number JS315.M4 H63; Dewey 352/.00722/09744. Citations: 5. Holdings: 96. Describes political structures in Amherst, Weston, Worcester, Plymouth, and Boston. Contends that Massachusetts egalitarianism resulted from incomplete development rather than redefinition of the social structure. Points out that large, complex settlements replicated the same system of deference extant in English society. AHR SO: 179-80; JAH 60: 787-88; WMQ 31: 513-514. 801 Hutson, James H. Pennsylvania Politics, 1746-1770: The Movement for Royal Government and Its Consequences. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972. viii, 264 p. ISBN 0691046115; OCLC 354663; LC Call Number F152 .H86; Dewey 320.9/748/02. Citations: 24. Holdings: 634. Explores pre-Revolution Pennsylvania politics. Asserts that post-1770 British acts are of limited relevance and that "by 1764 Pennsylvanians were temperamentally prepared for the Revolution which occurred twelve years later." AHR 78: 476-77; JAH 59: 984-86; Nation 217 (10 Sept 73): 217-18; WMQ 30: 327-29. 802 Israel, J. I. Race, Class and Politics in Colonial Mexico, 1610-1670. London: Oxford University Press, 1975. xiii, 305 p. ISBN 0198218605; OCLC

204 Books on Early American History and Culture 1584740; LC Call Number F1231 .183; Dewey 972/.02; Citations: 50. Holdings: 394. Presents a general survey of seventeenth-century Mexico, covering race, class, politics, economics, and religion. Discusses interactions of Indians, Spaniards, Basques, Portuguese, Italians, and Jews, government structures and controversies, and conflicts between state and church leaders. Argues that the 1624 uprising had essentially political causes. AHR 81: 701. 803 Jackson, Donald, ed. The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1: 174865; Vol. 2:1766-70. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. lv, 373 p.; xvi, 374 p. OCLC 1959598; LC Call Number E312.8. Citations: 37. Holdings: 866. Publishes Washington's diaries for the period 1748 to 1770, including annotations, illustrations, and maps. Recounts expeditions against the French, the acquisition and management of Mount Vemon, agricultural methods, and business transactions. AHR 82: 1060; U102: 195; WMQ 36: 624-28. 804 Jackson, Donald, ed. The Diaries of George Washington, Vol. 3: 1771-75, 1780-81; Vol. 4: 1784-June 1786. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976-1979. xv, 494 p.; xv, 405 p. OCLC 1959598; LC Call Number E312.8. Citations: 37. Holdings: 866. Publishes edited and annotated versions of Washington's diaries. Covers early events in the Revolution, as well as Washington's social and family relationships. AHR 85: 459; JAH64: 1062; WMQ 36: 624-28. 805 Jackson, Harvey H. Lachlan Mclntosh and the Politics of Revolutionary Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979. xi, 209 p. ISBN 082030459X; OCLC 3913414; LC Call Number E207.M13 J32; Dewey 975.8/03/0924. Citations: 6. Holdings: 328. Surveys the life of Mclntosh, from his youth in Georgia through his service as a general in the Revolutionary War. Concentrates on politics in Revolutionary Georgia and Mclntosh's rise from obscurity to prominence. AHR 85: 717; JAH66: 913; WMQ 37: 522-23. 806 Jensen, Merrill, and Robert A. Becker, eds. The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790. Vol. 1. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. xxxi, 896 p. ISBN 0299066908; OCLC 1527247; LC Call Number JK171.A1 D6; Dewey 329/.023/7303. Citations: 70. Holdings: 798. Presents some information on the Confederation period and federal elections in South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Includes correspondence, newspaper commentaries, legislative records, and election data. AHR 82: \324;JAH64: 106; WMQ34: 481-82.

Politics and Government 205 807 Johnstone, Robert M., Jr. Jefferson and the Presidency: Leadership in the Young Republic. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978. 332 p. ISBN 0801411505; OCLC 3433292; LC Call Number E331 J69; Dewey 353.03/13/0924. Citations: 17. Holdings: 797. Studies Jefferson's presidency in light of political science theories on political leadership. Concludes that "Jefferson's presidency marked the pioneering effort in erecting a working model of presidential leadership characterized by persuasion and the cultivation of influence." AHR 84: 254-55; APSR 73: 876-77; CJH 14: 300-301; JAH 66: 388; U 103: 745; WMQ 36: 302-304. 808 Jones, Robert F. George Washington. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1979. 178 p. ISBN 0805777261; OCLC 5171477; LC Call Number E312 J79; Dewey 973.4/1/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1254. Synthesizes research on Washington for a general readership. Characterizes Washington as a man of ordinary talents but extraordinary self-discipline and leadership who was able to apply things that he learned in one area of his life to other endeavors. JAH 67: 393-94. 809 Judd, Jacob, and Irwin H. Polishook, eds. Aspects of Early New York Society and Politics. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1974. viii, 150 p. ISBN 0912882069; OCLC 618420; LC Call Number F122 .A84; Dewey 974.7/02. Citations: 9. Holdings: 409. Presents essays on New York City and the province of New York, the historiography and local government of colonial New York, New York as a prototype of modem America, society and demographics in New York City (1689-1710), military experience and the origins of federalism and antifederalism, and John Jay in the American Revolution. AHR 80: 485; APSR 71: 1183-84; CHR 57: 503-505; JAH 61: 456-57; WMQ 32: 148-51. 810 Judd, Jacob, ed. The Van Cortlandt Family Papers. 3 vols. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976-78. ISBN 0912882271; OCLC 1974235; LC Call Number CS71.V224; Dewey 929/.2/0973 s 19. Citations: 5. Holdings: 303. Includes the Revolutionary War memoir and letters of Philip Van Cortlandt and family letters covering the period 1748 to 1804. Covers Philip Van Cortlandt's service in the New York Continentals at Saratoga and Yorktown, in the Valley Forge campaign and in the Clinton-Sullivan expedition, the career of his father Pierre Van Cortlandt, including service as New York lieutenant governor, and the letters of Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. JAH64: 132; U101: 1767; WMQ36: 648-50. 811 Karsten, Peter. Patriot-Heroes in England and America: Political Symbolism and Changing Values over Three Centuries. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. ix,257p. ISBN 0299075001; OCLC 4055971; LC Call Number DA375.K3; Dewey 301.2/1/0941. Citations: 29. Holdings: 512.

206 Books on Early American History and Culture Studies the ways in which English and Americans used images of heroes, arguing that they were evoked by elites to serve their purposes and elicit a particular response in public opinion. Shows that during the American Revolution, for example, Americans venerated Englishmen like Algernon Sydney and John Hampden, who were heroes for resisting tyranny, but turned to characters of strong power and authority (e.g. Oliver Cromwell and Abraham Lincoln) when needed. AHR 85: 371; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 79-88; U104: 827; WMQ 37: 354-55. 812 Kelch, Ray A. Newcastle. A Duke Without Money: Thomas PelhamHolles, 1693-1768. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. x, 222 p. ISBN 0520025377; OCLC 866070; LC Call Number DA501.N5 K44; Dewey 914.2/03/72. Citations: 7. Holdings: 465. Studies Newcastle's personal finances, concluding that he was impoverished by his extravagance in keeping and improving houses, entertainment, agricultural experiments, etc. Notes that he raised money by liquidating landholdings. AHR 80: 1332-33; Econ Hist Rev 28: 330-31; J Eur Econ Hist 6: 758-60; WMQ 32: 160-62. 813 Kelley, Robert. The Cultural Pattern in American Politics: The First Century. New York: Knopf, 1979. xiv, 368 p. ISBN 0394319540; OCLC 4493204; LC Call Number JK2260 .K44; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 69. Holdings: 722. Explores the role of economics and ethnocultural influences in political behavior. Studies Scotch-Irish Presbyterians in the Middle Colonies prior to the Revolution, the appeal of the Jacksonian Democratic party for northern immigrants and of the Whig party for southern Appalachians and French Cajuns. Views the American Revolution as a struggle between Anglicizers and "outgroups." AHR 85: 204. 814 Ketcham, Ralph. From Colony to Country: The Revolution in American Thought, 1750-1820. New York: Macmillan, 1974. xiv, 318 p. ISBN 0025629301; OCLC 873777; LC Call Number E169.1 .K417; Dewey 917.3/03/3. Citations: 7. Holdings: 1076. Traces American intellectual development from the Revolutionary era through the early national period. Argues that the main challenge for the Founders was to define American characteristics upon which a successful political system could be based. Concludes that American political thought evolved from protest aimed at securing interests within the British empire to government founded on the consent of the governed expressed in the Declaration of Independence. JAH 62: 378-79; U 100: 292; PSQ 90: 169-70; WMQ 33: 544-45. 815 Ketcham, Ralph. James Madison: A Biography. New York: N.Y., Macmillan, 1971. xiv, 753 p. OCLC 126987; LC Call Number E342 .K46; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 51. Holdings: 1534.

Politics and Government 207 Provides a biography "useful to general readers as well as to scholars." Portrays Madison as an effective political thinker and public servant generally, but a failure as a wartime president. AHR 79: 574-75; JAH5S: 731-33; WMQ29: 169-71. 816 Kettner, James H. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1978. xi, 391 p. ISBN 0807813265; OCLC 3627234; LC Call Number JK1814 .K47; Dewey 323.6/0973. Citations: 126. Holdings: 1018. Explores what it meant to be an American citizen from settlement through the end of the Civil War. Notes that English law emphasized the personal relationship between the king and subject, while in America the need for settlement required a looser definition, one that rested on consent and allowed for immigration and depersonalized governance. Concludes that judicial problems regarding citizenship were essentially resolved in America by 1870. AHR 84: 1463-64; AJLH 24: 81-84; JAH 66: 629; U 104: 196; WMQ 36: 61820. 817 Knox, J. Wendell. Conspiracy in American Politics, 1787-1815. New York: Arno Press, 1972. 326 p. ISBN 0405041551; OCLC 267746; LC Call Number E302.1.K56; Dewey 320.9/73/04. Citations: 3. Holdings: 192. Explores espionage and conspiracy from the Randolph affair to the Hartford Convention. Finds that "the ready acceptance of a conspiratorial interpretation of events, which was common in the early republic and is not rare today, interferes with a realistic appraisal of issues." JAH 60: 795-96. 818 Land, Aubrey C , Lois Green Carr, and Edward C. Papenfuse, eds. Law, Society, and Politics in Early Maryland: Proceedings of the First Conference on Maryland History, June 14-15, 1974. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. xvi, 350 p. ISBN 0801818729; OCLC 2644292; LC Call Number F184 .C7; Dewey 309.1/752/02. Citations: 99. Holdings: 397. Collects fifteen essays on colonial Maryland covering post-independence relations with Britain, the role of social class, religion, and ethnicity in voting patterns, Jeffersonian politics in Baltimore, the Panic of 1819, early Maryland demographics and families, the social structure and politics, and slave owning and agriculture. AJLH22: 351-53; JAH65: 138; WMQ36: 294-95. 819 Lomask, Milton. Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, 1756-1805. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1979. xiii, 443 p. ISBN 0374100160; OCLC 11688070; LC Call Number E302.6.B9 L63; Dewey 973.4/6/0924 B 19. Citations: 19. Holdings: 164. Seeks out "the real Aaron Burr," considering his Revolutionary service, charges of adultery, political machinations, and law practice. Argues that Burr was generally naive, not conspiratorial, but that he was occasionally underhanded politically and had no well-defined political ideology. Concludes, in fact, that

208 Books on Early American History and Culture Burr was "unique among the Founding Fathers in that he never preached anything at all." AHR S5: 7\7-7IS; JAH67: 132; WMQ 37: 333-35. 820 Lopez, Claude-Anne, and Eugenia W. Herbert. The Private Franklin: The Man and His Family. New York: Norton, 1975. xv, 361 p. ISBN 039307496X; OCLC 1502331; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 L82; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 1637. Presents vignettes on members of both Franklin's immediate and extended family. Discusses son William and daughter Sally, as well as Frances Folger, Richard Bache, Polly and Margaret Stevenson, Jonathan Williams, Jr., and Jane Mecom. Portrays Franklin's wife Deborah positively. AHR 81: 1223; Am Lit 48: 232; EAL 11: 344-45; JAH 63: 386-87; U 100: 1915; WMQ 34: 148-51. 821 Lovejoy, David S. The Glorious Revolution in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1972. xvi, 396 p. ISBN 006012721X; OCLC 538774; LC Call Number E191 .L68; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 43. Holdings: 1335. Compares and contrasts reactions to the Glorious Revolution across the American colonies. Contends that colonists used the Glorious Revolution as an opportunity to reassert their equal rights with residents in England. Notes that this ultimately failed and concludes that while the Revolution "liberalized the English constitution and permitted Parliament to clip the wings of the Crown," still "the imperial constitution for overseas dominions had changed very little." AHR7S: 1120-21; JAH62: 376-78; WMQ 30: 500-503. 822 Lutz, Donald S. Popular Consent and Popular Control: Whig Political Theory in the Early State Constitutions. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980. xvi, 258 p. ISBN 0807105961; OCLC 5219212; LC Call Number JK2331 .L88; Dewey 342/.73/029. Citations: 58. Holdings: 364. Compares Whig and Federalist political thought on matters of civic virtue, popular consent, republicanism, charters and constitutions, separation of powers, and bills of rights. Finds that Federalist and Whig views on these issues grew out of similar political theory and practice. L/105: 729; WMQ3S: 749-51. 823 Mace, George. Locke, Hobbes, and the Federalist Papers: An Essay on the Genesis of the American Political Heritage. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979. xiii, 162 p. ISBN 0809308908; OCLC 4504542; LC Call Number JC153.H66 M28; Dewey 320.9/73/04. Citations: 22. Holdings: 465. Argues that the bases of American government "are certainly more Hobbesian than Lockean" and claims that The Federalist represents "the genesis of that heritage" in that it advocates for a system that encourages "the pursuit of private interest to attain the public good." JAH 66: 916.

Politics and Government 209 824 Maier, Pauline. The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams. New York: Knopf, 1980. xxii, 309 p. ISBN 0394510968; OCLC 6250167; LC Call Number E302.5 .M23; Dewey 973.3/092/2. Citations: 42. Holdings: 1304. Considers the careers of Samuel Adams, Isaac Sears, Dr. Thomas Young, Richard Henry Lee, and Charles Carroll, and discusses the letters of Josiah and Mary Bartlett. AHR S6: 916; JAH 68: 115;L/105: 1630; PSQ 96: 353-54; WMQ 39: 557. 825 Main, Jackson Turner. Political Parties before the Constitution. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1973. xx, 481 p. ISBN 0807811947; OCLC 482364; LC Call Number JK2484 .M33; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 54. Holdings: 1064. Discusses political divisions between 1779 and 1788 at both the state and national levels. Analyzes legislative voting patterns, correlating voting blocs to legislators' residences, wealth, slaveholdings, religion, etc. Concludes that "parties" existed in all states and that legislators coalesced around sectional, economic, and cultural interests. AHR 78: 1525-27; CHR 55: 222-23; JAH60: 793-95; WMQ 30: 661-63. 826 Main, Jackson Turner. The Sovereign States, 1775-1783. New York: New Viewpoints, 1973. vii, 502 p. ISBN 0531063550 (hbk.); ISBN 0531064816 (pbk); OCLC 533337; LC Call Number E208 .M33; Dewey 973.3. Citations: 23. Holdings: 1083. Studies colonies on the eve of the Revolution, including society, geography, labor, and government. Examines the development of state constitutions and governments, and economic and social change, loyalism and sectional politics during the Revolution. Concludes that the Revolution "neither destroyed an old order nor created a new one, but accelerated or modified certain trends already well in process." AHR 79: 1253-54; CHR 56: 98-100; JAH 61: 167-68; WMQ 31: 319-20. 827 Malone, Dumas. Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805-1809. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1974. xxxi, 704 p. ISBN 0316544663; OCLC 1929523; LC Call Number E332 .M25; Dewey 973.46. Citations: 32. Holdings: 1103. Evaluates Jefferson's second term as President, concluding that his reelection "marked the zenith of his Presidential career," while domestic difficulties (Federalist opposition, Burr's conspiracy and acquittal, the James Wilkinson affair) and diplomatic failures (especially the embargo) marked the end of his term and "also its nadir." AHR 81: 445-46; Am Lit 47: 306; JAH 61: 774-75; New Republic 170 (13 Apr 74): 23-24; WMQ 32: 130-33. 828 Marshall, Peter and Glyn Williams, eds. The British Atlantic Empire Before the American Revolution. Totowa, N.J.: Cass, 1980. 130 p. ISBN

210 Books on Early American History and Culture 0714631582; OCLC 7022664; LC Call Number E188.5 .B77; Dewey 973.2 19. Citations: 28. Holdings: 208. Includes six essays covering the historiography of the British Atlantic, the role of elites and migration, the Board of Trade and London-American interest groups, Whig ideology, the causal relationship between the Seven Years' War and the American Revolution, and balance of payments and the American economy prior to the Revolution. WMQ 39: 529-31. 829 McCaughey, Robert A. Josiah Quincy, 1772-1864: The Last Federalist. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974. xii, 264 p. ISBN 0674483758; OCLC 959943; LC Call Number E302.6.Q7 M32; Dewey 973.5/092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 545. Examines Quincy's life as a congressman, mayor of Boston, President of Harvard, opponent of slavery, and proponent of Federalist political ideology. Concludes that Quincy was energetic and innovative and "perhaps the most successful urban reformer in early nineteenth-century America." AHR 80: 1392; Am Lit 46: 605. 830 McCoy, Drew R. The Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va. by the University of North Carolina Press, 1980. ix, 268 p. ISBN 0807814164; OCLC 5411509; LC Call Number HC105. M235; Dewey 320.9/73/046. Citations: 281. Holdings: 832. Seeks to explain how Jeffersonians reconciled the problem of the virtuous republic with the inequalities of wealth that a free society would inevitably produce. Finds that Madison and Jefferson envisioned a society of independent farmers and artisans of moderate means who could buy manufactured products as necessary from abroad. Notes that this required territorial expansion and an aggressive foreign policy, and therefore "the national independence and isolated self-sufficiency boasted of by the Jeffersonians were illusory." AHR 86: 647-48; CJH 17: 349-53; Can Rev Am Stds 15: 159-65; JAH 68: 123; U 105: 1859; WMQ 38: 301-305. 831 McDonald, Forrest. Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. New York: Norton, 1979. xiii, 464 p. ISBN 0393012182; OCLC 4493051; LC Call Number E302.6.H2 M32; Dewey 973.4/092/4 B. Citations: 56. Holdings: 1563. Characterizes Hamilton as among the most gifted of the Founders. Finds that he was constantly concerned with the public good, that his political and economic ideas were drawn largely from English thinkers, and that many of his views were contradictory. JAH 67: 911; U 104: 1556; Natl Rev 31 (3 Aug 79): 976; Natl Rev 33 (20 Feb 81): 171-73. 832 McDonald, Forrest. The Presidency of George Washington. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1974. xi, 210 p. ISBN 0700601104; OCLC 672397; LC Call Number E311 .M12; Dewey 973.4/1/0924. Citations: 32. Holdings: 1852.

Politics and Government 211 Gives Washington credit for Hamilton's fiscal program, maintaining neutrality, opening the Mississippi to American boats, and resolving long-standing problems in the Old Northwest. Argues that Washington "was not, except in a symbolic sense, particularly efficacious in establishing the permanence of his country" and was important "only for what he was, not for what he did." Concludes that Washington essentially mediated among strong-willed, contentious subordinates and took credit "for achievements that he had no share in bringing about." AHR 80: 1389-90; JAH 61: 1087-88; WMQ 32: 157-58. 833 McDonald, Forrest. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1976. xi, 201 p. ISBN 0700601473; OCLC 1994166; LC Call Number E331 .M32; Dewey 320.9/73/046. Citations: 28. Holdings: 1663. Explores Jefferson's two presidential terms. Traces Jeffersonian ideas to eighteenth-century Bolingbroke opposition and notes that his support was strongest among Scotch-Irish farmers, slaveholders, and evangelical Protestants. Explains that Jefferson's presidency was occupied by problems of the judiciary, national debt, the Burr Conspiracy, John Randolph, Napoleon, the Louisiana Purchase, and conflicts with British ministers. Concludes that Jefferson's first term was highly successful, while the second was "merely a calamity." JAH64: 142; U101: 1853-54; WMQ34: 505. 834 Mcllwaine, H.R., ed. Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1979. xviii, 667 p. ISBN 0884900770; OCLC 4957195; LC Call Number J87 .V58; Dewey 975.5/02. Citations: 25. Holdings: 447. Publishes Council and General Court records, along with an 1829 "Memorandum of the Records in the General Court Office," which lists documents destroyed in the 1865 Richmond fire. Also includes a copy of the standing rules of the General Court from 1691 to 1775. AJLH 26: 186-87. 835 Mevers, Frank C. The Papers of Josiah Bartlett. Hanover, N.H.: Published for the New Hampshire Historical Society by the University Press of New England, 1979. xxxvii, 477 p. ISBN 0874511682; OCLC 4490775; LC Call Number E302.6.B2 A2; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 5. Holdings: 315. Publishes selected papers of Bartlett, statesman in Revolutionary New Hampshire. Papers cover politics, the Articles of Confederation, treaties with France, military activities, British peace initiatives, the Treaty of Paris (1783), and Vermont land disputes. JAH 67: 125. 836 Meyer, Donald H. The Democratic Enlightenment. New York: Putnam, 1976. xxvii, 257 p. ISBN 0399503331; OCLC 1365276; LC Call Number E163 .M48; Dewey 973. Citations: 26. Holdings: 967. Discusses the religion and the experimental method of reasoning, the ideas of Jonathan Edwards, morality in America, Benjamin Franklin and the art of virtue,

212 Books on Early American History and Culture the ethics of belief and the mind, science, rhetoric, and revolution, Thomas Jefferson and the rhetoric of republicanism, the political thought of John Adams, "political mechanics," the institutionalization of the Enlightenment in America, John Witherspoon and the education of the public conscience, William Ellery Charming and the inward enlightenment, and American Enlightenment achievements. U 100: 1414; WMQ 34: 317-318. 837 Miller, Helen Hill. George Mason: Gentleman Revolutionary. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975. xi, 388 p. ISBN 0807812501; OCLC 1176771; LC Call Number E302.6.M45 M53; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 14. Holdings: 768. Focuses on Mason's political ideas and career, especially his role in creating constitutions and the federal Bill of Rights. Includes extensive illustrations. AHR 82: 433-34; JAH63: 388-89; U101: 523; WMQ 33: 547-49. 838 Mooney, Chase. William H Crawford, 1772-1834. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1974. xi, 364 p. ISBN 0813112702; OCLC 883739; LC Call Number E340.C89 M66; Dewey 973.5/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 527. Discusses Crawford's service as U.S. Senator, minister to France, Secretary of War, and Secretary of the Treasury, and activities in local politics in Georgia. Notes that as a member of Monroe's cabinet he had little freedom to act, but that he was a "competent and ethically sound" public servant and a "reasonably imaginative, practical, efficient" administrator. AHRS0: 1392;JAH62: 118-20. 839 Moore, John Preston. Revolt in Louisiana: The Spanish Occupation, 17661770. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976. xiv, 246 p. ISBN 080710180X; OCLC 2188391; LC Call Number F373 .M75; Dewey 976.3/03. Citations: 7. Holdings: 512. Examines the French revolt in Louisiana in the years of Spanish control after the Seven Years' War. Describes the failure of Antonio de Ulloa, the new Spanish governor, to secure possession of the territory and establish legitimacy. Notes that the revolt was led by traders and landowners who viewed Spanish control as economically threatening. AHR 82: 734-35; JAH65: 753; U102: 604; WMQ 35: 178-79. 840 Moore, Virginia. The Madisons: A Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979. xviii, 568 p. ISBN 0070429030; OCLC 4003781; LC Call Number E342 .M6; Dewey 973.5/1/0922. Citations: 6. Holdings: 911. Describes the relationship between James and DoUey Madison in the early 1800s. Characterizes James as pragmatic and intellectual and Dolley as emotional and innocent. Finds that through family difficulties and the political crises of the Jay Treaty and War of 1812, the couple became closer and began to share personality traits.. JAH 66: 921; U104: 397.

Politics and Government 213 841 Moorhead, Max L. The Presidio: Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1975. xiii, 288 p. ISBN 0806112395; OCLC 1085658; LC Call Number F799 .M795; Dewey 623/.1/0979. Citations: 28. Holdings: 898. Studies the northward expansion of the Spanish frontier in Mexico in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Describes the presidio, its construction, personnel, administration, and relationship with Spanish settlements, ranchos, and Indian reservations. Notes that the presidial system was vital to the military defense of the frontier, but that it was poorly administered. AHR 81: 1010; JAH63: 98. 842 Morgan, David T. and William J. Schmidt. North Carolinians in the Continental Congress. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J. F. Blair, 1976. x, 150 p. ISBN 0910244898; OCLC 2401869; LC Call Number E303 .M87; Dewey 973.3/12. Citations: 1. Holdings: 235. Studies the North Carolina delegation to the Continental and Confederation Congresses (1774-1783). Focuses on seventeen representatives and the major issues they faced, including the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, recruiting and supplying armies, state cessions of western lands, and the peace with Britain. JAH 66: 128-29. 843 Morris, Richard B. , ed. John Jay: The Making of a Revolutionary. Vol. 1: Unpublished papers, 1745-1780. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. x, 866 p. ISBN 0060130806; OCLC 7479786; LC Call Number E302 J42; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 11. Holdings: 143. Covers Jay's early years, education at King's College, law career, life as a Revolutionary, presidency of Congress, mission to Spain, and family life. AHRSl: 1224-1225;AJLH21: 365-69;U101: 1007; WMQ34: 134-36. 844 Morris, Richard B., ed. John Jay: The Winning of the Peace. Vol. 2/ Unpublished Papers, 1780-1784. New York: Harper & Row, 1980. x, 765 p. ISBN 0060130482; OCLC 7479798; LC Call Number E302.6.J4 P3. Citations: 14. Holdings: 65. Papers cover Jay's work as plenipotentiary in Spain and peace negotiator in Paris alongside Benjamin Franklin. JAH 70: 648; WMQ 40: 160-62. 845 Neville, John D., ed. Bacon's Rebellion: Abstracts of Materials in the Colonial Records Project. Jamestown, Va.: Jamestown Foundation, 1976. xv, 427 p. ISBN 0917394003 (pbk.); OCLC 2624359; LC Call Number Z1345 .N43; Dewey 016.9732/4 20. Citations: 2. Holdings: 110. Lists manuscript sources and depositories valuable to the study of Bacon's Rebellion, and synopsizes important documents. Covers collections in the British Public Records Office, the British Museum, Magdalene College, Cambridge, the Bodleian Library at Oxford, the Edinburgh University Library, the Bibliotheque Nationale, and private collections. WMQ 35: 417-418.

214 Books on Early American History and Culture 846 Newcomb, Benjamin H. Franklin and Galloway: A Political Partnership. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. ISBN 0300015062; OCLC 508170; LC Call Number F152 .N43; Dewey 973.3/2/0924. Citations: 8. Holdings: 614. Describes the political alliance between Benjamin Franklin and Joseph Galloway. Characterizes Franklin as a democratic humanist and Galloway as calculating and foul-tempered, but notes that they were drawn together by their efforts to remove proprietary rule and make Pennsylvania a royal colony. Notes that they were finally split apart, however, on the issue of Parliamentary authority. AHR 79: 847-48; JAH 60: 788-89; WMQ 30: 522-24. 847 O'Connor, John E. William Paterson: Lawyer and Statesman, 1745-1806. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1979. xv, 351 p. ISBN 0813508800; OCLC 5101212; LC Call Number E302.6.P3 027; Dewey 973.4/092/4 B. Citations: 12. Holdings: 480. Presents a biography of Paterson, author of the New Jersey Plan in the Constitutional Convention, Washington Supreme Court appointee and noted jurist, New Jersey attorney general and governor, U.S. Senator, and presiding judge at the trial of Matthew Lyon. Notes Paterson's background, education at Princeton, economic views, and involvement in manufacturing at the Great Falls of the Passaic. Finds that Paterson considered both state and nationalist views before the "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention and then became an ardent Hamiltonian Federalist. AHR 86: 203-204; JAH 67: 391; WMQ 37: 679-81. 848 Olsberg, R. Nicholas, ed. The Colonial Records of South Carolina: The Journal of the Commons House of Assembly. Vol. 10: 23 April 1750-31 August 1751. Columbia: Historical Commission of South Carolina OCLC 10710982; LC Call Number KFS1818.2; Dewey 328.757/01. Citations: 5. Holdings: 345. Covers Commons actions and debates on Indian relations, colony finances, the role of colonial assemblies, the governorship of James Glen, defense, new towns and parishes, land tenure, slavery regulations, infrastructure, and educational and religious institutions. WMQ 33: 704-706. 849 Olson, Alison Gilbert. Anglo-American Politics, 1660-1775: The Relationship between Parties in England and Colonial America. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. xiii, 192 p. ISBN 0198223730; OCLC 708320; LC Call Number JK2260 .047; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 19. Holdings: 657. Examines "the way in which the first British Empire affected local political divisions in England and America, and, in rum, the way in which the emergent parties helped to bring the empire together at first and to tear it apart in the end." Studies how English leaders viewed colonial factions, arguing that policy was based on these perceptions. AHR 79: 1550-51; CHR 56: 97-98; JAH 61: 463-64; WMQ 31: 324-26.

Politics and Government 215 850 Onuf, Peter S., ed. Maryland and the Empire, 1773: The Antilon-First Citizen Letters. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. x, 236 p. ISBN 0801815479; OCLC 762390; LC Call Number F184 .D825; Dewey 975.2/02/0922. Citations: 1. Holdings: 329. Presents Daniel Dulany's "Antilon" letters and Charles Carroll's "First Citizen" replies, which first appeared in the Maryland Gazette between January and July 1773. Includes an introduction of issues raised in the exchange. AJLH19: 156-59; APSR 71: 1195-96; JAH 61: 1081-82; WMQ 32: 336-38. 851 Ostrom, Vincent. The Political Theory of a Compound Republic: A Reconstruction of the Logical Foundations of American Democracy as Presented in The Federalist. Blacksburg, Va.: Public Choice, VPI & SU, 1971. vii, 132 p. OCLC 1047484; LC Call Number JK155 .08; Dewey 342.73/029; Dewey 347.30229. Citations: 94. Holdings: 430. Analyzes The Federalist as a coherent whole and finds as underlying assumptions individualism, self-interest, human fallibility, and the need for governmental constraints to produce the greater good. APSR 68: 385-86. 852 Ott, Thomas O. The Haitian Revolution, 1789-1804. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1973. x, 232 p. ISBN 0870491431; OCLC 627919; LC Call Number F1923 .087; Dewey 972.94/03. Citations: 35. Holdings: 734. Presents a narrative of the Haitian Revolution, focusing on the roles of Leger Felicite Sonthonax, Charles Leclerc, and Toussant L'Ouverture. AHR 79: 1673. 853 Pancake, John S. Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business: 1752-1839. University: University of Alabama Press, 1972. 248 p. ISBN 0817351612; OCLC 577965; LC Call Number E302.6.S575 P36; Dewey 328.73/092/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 387. Presents a biography of Smith, Baltimore politician and businessman who fought in the Revolution, served in the Senate and House of Representatives, and garnered a large fortune in privateering. Discusses his political views and role in the destruction of the First Bank of the United States. JAH60: 784-85; WMQ30: 678-80. 854 Parker, Mattie Erma Edwards. North Carolina Higher-Court Records, 1697-1701. Raleigh: State Department of Archives and History, 1971. 5 vols. OCLC 362281; LC Call Number KFN7919.A4 A7; Dewey 929/3756 19. Citations: 4. Holdings: 248. Includes primarily minutes, pleadings, and proceedings from the General Court between February 1696/97 and October 1701, including Court of Chancery records. AHR 7S: 150-51. 855 Pasler, Rudolph J. and Margaret C. Pasler. The New Jersey Federalists. Rutherford N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1975. 256 p. ISBN

216 Books on Early American History and Culture 0838615252; OCLC 994728; LC Call Number JK2308 .N5; Dewey 329/. 1/009749. Citations: 1. Holdings: 268. Discusses the New Jersey political system in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, focusing on the shift from the first party system to the second in the Jacksonian era.. Shows that New Jersey Federalists were older, better educated, and from a higher social status than were Republicans, and notes that Federalist fortunes rose and fell with deferential society. AHR 81: 965; WMQ32: 659-60. 856 Patterson, Stephen E. Political Parties in Revolutionary Massachusetts. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973. ix, 299 p. ISBN 0299062600; OCLC 609196; LC Call Number JK103.M4 P37; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 11. Holdings: 773. Finds that, despite rhetoric of unity, political parties existed in Revolutionary Massachusetts, and were based mostly on social class, as eastern conservatives used Revolutionary ideology to suppress calls for reform from inland constituencies. Analyzes legislative voting records and finds "Court" and "Country" patterns based on geographic, social, economic and ideological differences. AHR 80: 486; CHR 56: 227-28; CJH 9: 23S-39; JAH 60: 1101-1103; WMQ 31: 320-22. 857 Peters, Ronald M., Jr. The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780: A Social Compact. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1978. xiii, 242 p. ISBN 087023143X; OCLC 3516166; LC Call Number JK3125 1780 .P47; Dewey 342/.744/029. Citations: 25. Holdings: 442. Considers civil liberty, religious freedom, the idea of a written constitution, and John Adams's role in constructing the 1780 framework for Massachusetts government. Asserts that the Massachusetts Constitution stands with the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Federalist as "one of the five most important documents of the revolutionary era." AHR 84: 543-44; JAH 66: 129; WMQ 36: 315-317. 858 Peterson, Merrill D. Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. ix, 1072 p. ISBN 0195019091 (pbk.); OCLC 16581956; LC Call Number E332 .P45; Dewey 973.4/6/0924; Dewey 923.173. Citations: 113. Holdings: 1941. Focuses on Jefferson's philosophy, diplomacy, and politics. Offers a sympathetic portrayal, noting that Jefferson had informed "the ideas, the values, [and] even the dilemmas of the new nation." CJH 9: 359-61. 859 Pocock, J.G.A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. x, 602 p. ISBN 0691075603; OCLC 969433; LC Call Number JC143.M4P6; Dewey 320.1/092/4. Citations: 2450. Holdings: 1152.

Politics and Government 217 Analyzes the tradition of civic humanism and the institutions of "mixed government" that came out of it. Notes that Machiavelli and others attempted to fashion a system that did not rely on favorable circumstances or uniformly virtuous citizens for its success. Explains that the ideas of James Harrington were influential and that the Americans in their Revolution simply applied an ancient pattern of protest against corruption. AHR 81: 890-91; APSR 71: 1151-52; J Politics 38: 487-88; PSQ 91: 380-82; WMQ 33: 335-37. 860 Pocock, J.G.A., ed. The Political Works of James Harrington. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977. xviii, 878 p. ISBN 0521211611; OCLC 2331062; LC Call Number JC153 .H315; Dewey 320.5/092/4. Citations: 149. Holdings: 370. Publishes Harrington's political works such as Oceana and The Prerogatve of Popular Government, along with an essay on his ideas and their context. AHR 83: 1003-1005; WMQ35: 755-57. 861 Pocock, J.G.A., ed. Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980. ix, 468 p. ISBN 069105293X (hbk.); ISBN 069110087X (pbk.); OCLC 5941551; LC Call Number DA375 .T45; Dewey 941.06. Citations: 209. Holdings: 686. Essays examine the results of the English revolutions of the seventeenth century, crisis and regrouping of the political elites in England from the 1630s to the 1660s, British revolutions and the personality of kingship, tradition and innovation and the Great Rebellion, the Bill of Rights of 1688-89, two American revolutions (1689 and 1776), the revolution against Parliament in 1776, Parliament, empire, and parliamentary law (1776), English radicalism in the age of George III, and a comparison of the revolution settlements in England (16881721) and America (1776-1816). AHR 86: 588-89; CJH 16: 305-307; U105: 1732; WMQ 38: 735-38. 862 Pole, J. R. Foundations of American Independence: 1763-1815. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1972. xix, 275 p. OCLC 379151; LC Call Number E195 .P83; Dewey 309.1/73. Citations: 3. Holdings: 563. Examines politics, religion, education, social structure, and westward movement in Revolutionary and early national periods. Finds that in this era America was "forced to realize its own identity through the exigencies of political action" and that the opening of the west was "one of the more revolutionary aspects of the Revolution" because it changed "the balance of American political and economic geography." JAH 60: 116-117. 863 Powell, William S. John Pory, 1572-1636: The Life and Letters of a Man of Many Parts. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. xviii, 187 p. ISBN 0807812706; OCLC 1991185; LC Call Number DA378.P6 P68; Dewey 975.5/01/0924 B. Citations: 10. Holdings: 330.

218 Books on Early American History and Culture Sketches the life of Pory, speaker of the first legislature in Virginia and secretary to Virginia's first governor. Covers his life in England and on the Continent, his letters, diplomacy, and scholarly writings. AHR S3: 160; U102: 482; WMQ 36: 139-41. 864 Powell, William S., ed. The Regulators in North Carolina: A Documentary History, 1759-1776. Raleigh: North Carolina State Department of Archives and History, 1971. xxxix, 626 p. OCLC 148666; LC Call Number F257 .P595; Dewey 975.6/02. Citations: 5. Holdings: 209. Collects documents on the Regulator movement. Includes an introduction and identifies people and places involved. AHR 77: 1504. 865 Prince, Carl E. The Federalists and the Origins of the U.S. Civil Service. New York: New York University Press, 1977. xiii, 381 p. ISBN 081476570X; OCLC 3205327; LC Call Number JK2306 .P75; Dewey 329/. 1/009033. Citations: 12. Holdings: 576. Describes the filling of federal jobs in the early national period and its relationship to politics. Finds that the process was extremely partisan and resulted in inefficiency and corruption through the Federalist administrations of Washington and Adams. AHR 84: 255-56; JAH66: 133;U103: 164; WMQ36: 128-30. 866 Prince, Carl E., ed. The Papers of William Livingston. Vol. 1: June 1774June 1777. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1979. 434 p. ISBN 0897430441; OCLC 4494437; LC Call Number E302 .L63; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 8. Holdings: 262. Presents the early Revolutionary papers of Livingston, focusing on his public pronouncements and military actions. AHR 86: 646-47; JAH 61: 367-69. 867 Prince, Carl E., ed. The Papers of William Livingston. Vol. 2: July 1777December 1778. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1979. 600 p. ISBN 0897430492; OCLC 4494437; LC Call Number E302 .L63; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 3. Holdings: 262. Publishes Livingston's writings, including his "Parody of Burgoyne's Proclamation" and several polemic tracts appearing in the New-Jersey Gazette. JAH 6S: 367-69. 868 Rakove, Jack N. The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress. New York: Knopf: distributed by Random House, 1979. xvii, 484 p. ISBN 0394423704; OCLC 4775394; LC Call Number E210.R34; Dewey 973.3/12. Citations: 113. Holdings: 1070. Covers intercolonial political cooperation in the 1770s, the functioning of-and problems with—the Articles of Confederation, and developments leading to the Constitutional Convention. Contends that there was remarkable agreement among leaders regarding the political future of the new nation. AHR 85: 979-SO; JAH67: 903;U104: 2214; WMQ3S: 125-30.

Politics and Government 219 869 Reardon, John J. Edmund Randolph: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1974. xvi, 517 p. ISBN 0026012006; OCLC 1046134; LC Call Number KF363.R35 R42; Dewey 973.4/1/0924. Citations: 14. Holdings: 847. Examines the life of Randolph, Virginia attorney general and governor, congressman, supporter of the Constitution, and U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of State. Notes that he was not partisan, but rather remained a "political loner," a position that made him an "indispensable" adviser to President Washington. JAH 62: 973-74; WMQ 32: 660-63. 870 Reid, John G. Maine, Charles II and Massachusetts: Governmental Relationships in Early Northern New England. Portland: Maine Historical Society, 1977. ix, 278 p. ISBN 0915592282; OCLC 3608945; LC Call Number F23 .R44; Dewey 974.1/02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 100. Discusses Maine's relationship to Massachusetts and its role in shaping Restoration policy toward the Bay Colony. Finds that Maine lost its influence after the Glorious Revolution due to Massachusetts' acquiescence to the Crown. JAH 69: 137; WMQ 36: 137-39. 871 Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767-1821. New York: Harper & Row, 1977. xix, 502 p. ISBN 0060135743; OCLC 3119769; LC Call Number E382 .R43; Dewey 973.5/6/0924. Citations: 126. Holdings: 1771. Recounts Jackson's early life through his governorship of Florida. Emphasizes the influence of events in his youth on his later life, particularly his orphaning. Describes his social and economic gaffes, land speculation, and military service. AHR 84: 258-59; JAH65: 770; U102: 2342. 872 Renzulli, L. Marx. Maryland: The Federalist Years. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1972. 354 p. ISBN 083867903X; OCLC 588804; LC Call Number JK2308 .M3; Dewey 328/. 1/009752. Citations: 5. Holdings: 340. Studies the ascendancy and decline of the Federalist Party in Maryland. Notes that the Potomac region elites were staunchly Federalist because of their interests in economic and social stability. Concludes that the party faltered due to internal dissension, unwillingness to include non-aristocratic leaders, and resistance to change. AHR 78: 1528; WMQ 30: 684-86. 873 Ridgway, Whitman H. Community Leadership in Maryland, 1790-1840: A Comparative Analysis of Power in Society. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. xxi, 414 p. ISBN 0807813559; OCLC 4493481; LC Call Number HN79.M3 R5; Dewey 301.5/92. Citations: 25. Holdings: 325. Studies society and politics in Baltimore City and Frederick, St. Mary's, and Talbot counties, which were economically diverse. Argues that "the structure of authority in Maryland's political institutions conformed to Tocqueville's general description of democratic government," since "the ultimate power behind

220 Books on Early American History and Culture government rested with the people, while government responsibility was divided through various divisions and balances." AHR 85: 9SX-S2; JAH 67: 400; WMQ 37: 523-25. 874 Risjord, Norman K. Chesapeake Politics, 1781-1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. xiv, 715 p. ISBN 0231043287; OCLC 3869728; LC Call Number JK2295.M32 R57; Dewey 309.1/75/03. Citations: 26. Holdings: 561. Studies politics in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina from the end of the Revolution until Jefferson's election, focusing on the development of political parties. Concludes that parties were based on differences between debtors and creditors, which continued through the Federalist-Antifederalist divisions over the Constitution and into the 1790s. AHR 84: 1147-48; JAH 66: 915; LJ 104: 828; WMQ 37: 328-30. 875 Ritchie, Robert C. The Duke's Province: A Study of New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. xii, 306 p. ISBN 0807812927; OCLC 2799130; LC Call Number JK99.N69 R57; Dewey 309.1/747/02. Citations: 23. Holdings: 628. Discusses New York from the transfer to English control through Leisler's Rebellion. Views New York as a "chaotic melange of individuals, groups, and regions struggling for economic, political, and social dominance" and finds that Leisler's Rebellion created divisions that lasted into the 1720s. AHR 86: 913-914; CJH 13: 281-82; JAH 65: 427; U 103: 165; WMQ 36: 63334. 876 Rogers, Alan. Empire and Liberty: American Resistance to British Authority, 1755-1763. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. xiv, 205 p. ISBN 0520022750; OCLC 1229325; LC Call Number E199 .R68; Dewey 973.2/6. Citations: 15. Holdings: 734. Views the Seven Years' War as an intensely radicalizing experience for the American colonists, largely because it was used to justify increased imperial government power over the lives of Americans. Looks at colonists' resistance to military service, property seizures, and control over trade. Concludes that the conflict gave colonists valuable experience in resistance and forced them to reflect on the nature of liberty. AHR 81: 653-54;JAH62: 672-73; U 100: 479-80; WMQ33: 160-61. 877 Rogers, G.C., Jr. and David R. Chesnutt, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 3: Jan. 1, 1759-August 31, 1763. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1972. xxvi, 600 p. OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302. L3; Dewey 973.2/092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 707. Documents cover service with British troops against the Cherokee, and Laurens' failure to be elected to the South Carolina Commons. WMQ 30: 351-53. 878 Rogers, G.C., Jr. and David R. Chesnutt, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 4: September 1, 1763-August 31, 1765. Columbia: University of

Politics and Government 221 South Carolina Press, 1974. xxvi, 720 p. OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302.L3; Dewey 973.2/092/4. Citations: 6. Holdings: 707. Papers describe Laurens' mercantile activities, involvement in the development of western South Carolina, southern Georgia, and East Florida, service in the Commons House of Assembly, and reaction to the Stamp Act crisis. WMQ 34: 666-68. 879 Rogers, G.C., Jr. and David R. Chesnutt, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 5: Sept. 1, 1765-July 31, 1768. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1976. xxxii, 840 p. OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302. L3; Dewey 973.2/092/4. Citations: 9. Holdings: 707. Includes papers that illustrate "how a conservative merchant became an opponent of the British ministry." Documents also include accounts of plantation management and trade activities. WMQ 34: 666-68. 880 Rogers, G.C., Jr. and David R. Chesnutt, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 6: Aug. 1, 1768-July 31, 1769. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1978. 685 p. ISBN 0872493563; OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302. L3; Dewey 973.3/0924. Citations: 12. Holdings: 707. Papers focus on Laurens' conflict with English customs officials and with viceadmiralty judge Egerton Leigh. AHR 84: 252. 881 Rowe, G.S. Thomas McKean: The Shaping of an American Republicanism. Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press, 1978. xiv, 503 p. ISBN 0870811002; OCLC 3960688; LC Call Number E302.6.M13 R68; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 321. Seeks "to explore McKean's impact on American republican ideas and practices" and how they, in rum, affected him. Finds that he was heavily influenced by his Presbyterianism, Anglophobia nurtured on the frontier, and the antiauthoritarianism of his father, but that, ironically, one of his main contributions was Anglicization of American law. AHR 84: 545-46; JAH 65: 1102; WMQ 36: 304-305. 882 Rrojas, F. De Borja Medina. Jose de Ezpeleta: Gobernador de la Mobila, 1780-1781. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla, C.S.I.C: Excma. Diputacion Foral de Navarra, 1980. lxxxii, 869 p. ISBN 8400046498; OCLC 8591088; LC Call Number F314.E95 B67; Dewey 976/.02 19. Citations: 0. Holdings: 65. Detailes the work of Ezpeleta as governor in Mobile from May 1780 to May 1781, focusing on conflict with the British and French and preparations for Bernardo de Galvez's 1781 assault on Pensacola. Characterizes Ezpeleta as an effective administrator and military leader. AHR 87: 531. 883 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 7: 3 May 1783-20 February 1784. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. xiii, 479 p. ISBN

222 Books on Early American History and Culture 0226501078; ISBN 0813912121; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 2580. Papers cover Madison's service in the Confederation Congress, including notes on debates, reports of committees, reports to and from the Virginia delegation, and Madison's business affairs. Includes information on the peace with Great Britain and relations with other European nations, trade with the West Indies, and congressional powers. AHR 79: 849-50; JAH 59: 115-17; WMQ 35: 147-55. 884 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 8: 10 March 1784-28 March 1786. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. xxviii, 560 p. ISBN 0813912121; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 53. Holdings: 2580. Includes about 200 letters focusing on Madison's friendship with Jefferson, science, continuing conflict with Britain, and affairs in Virginia. AHR 79: 849-50; WMQ 35: 147-55. 885 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 9: 9 April 1786-24 May 1787. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975. xxvi, 447 p. ISBN 0226501078; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 17. Holdings: 2580. Papers focus on the failings of the Confederation, Shays' Rebellion, and movement toward the Philadelphia Convention. AHR 81: 1226; WMQ 35: 147-55. 886 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 10: 27 May 17873 March 1788. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977. xxvi, 572 pp. ISBN 0226501078; ISBN 0813912121; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 21. Holdings: 2580. Papers cover the beginning of the Constitutional Convention, its drafting and promotion, speeches, and contributions to The Federalist Papers. AHR 82: 1325; WMQ35: 147-55. 887 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 11:7 March 17881 March 1789. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. ISBN 0813912121; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 51. Holdings: 2580. Papers cover Madison's participation in Virginia's ratification of the Constitution, the first federal election resolution, and Virginia's election of U.S. senators and representatives. AHR S4: 255; JAH 66: 130. 888 Rutland, Robert A. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 12: 2 March 178920 January 1790 with a Supplement 24 October 1775-24 January 1789. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1979. xxiv, 498 p. ISBN 0226501078; ISBN 0813912121; OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19; Dewey 973.5/1/0924. Citations: 57. Holdings: 2580.

Politics and Government 223 Includes papers on the first session of the First Congress, covering import and tonnage duties, the President's removal power, location of the national capital, and the Bill of Rights. JAH67: 130-31. 889 Schwarz, Philip J. The Jarring Interests: New York's Boundary Makers, 1664-1776. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1979. xvi, 343 p. ISBN 0873953770; OCLC 3730190; LC Call Number F127.B7 S27; Dewey 911/.74. Citations: 10. Holdings: 228. Discusses pre-independence border conflicts between New York and neighboring colonies. Describes the roles of Cadwalader Colden, Robert Livingston, Jr., and William Smith, Jr., and concludes that problems arose from local occupation and ownership of land and then widened to the territorial or colonial administrative level. AHR 85: 204-205; JAH66: 909; WMQ37: 161-63. 890 Seed, Geoffrey. James Wilson. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1978. viii, 229 p. ISBN 0527810509; OCLC 3706939; LC Call Number E302.6.W64 S44; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 18. Holdings: 441. Presents a biography of Wilson, member of the Continental Congress, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and Supreme Court Justice. Asserts that Wilson's views on politics were highly influential and that they "more nearly foreshadowed the national future than those of any of his well-remembered contemporaries." AHRS4: 1146-47; JAH 66: 386; U103: 2105; WMQ37: 160-61. 891 Shalhope, Robert E. John Taylor of Caroline: Pastoral Republican. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1980. ix, 304 p. ISBN 0872493903; OCLC 6143339; LC Call Number E302.6.T23 S42; Dewey 975.5/03/0924. Citations: 41. Holdings: 390. Explains Taylor's political philosophy, its development, opposition to it, and Taylor's application of his philosophy to contemporary problems. Distinguishes between Taylor and Jefferson on republicanism and analyzes Taylor's rebuttal to John Adams. Finds that Taylor's views changed slightly from the 1790s when he "remained within the mindset of an eighteenth-century oppositionist" to a post-1812 realization "that industrialism and capitalism were at the base of the situation." AHR 86: 921-22; JAH69: 141; WMQ3S: 537-38. 892 Shaw, Peter. The Character of John Adams. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1976. ix, 324 p. ISBN 0807812544; OCLC 1364087; LC Call Number E322 .S54; Dewey 973.4/4/0924. Citations: 32. Holdings: 1581. Sees Adams as arrogant, contentious, ambitious, proud, and eager to achieve fame. Finds that Puritanism was a significant influence on Adams and was the source of his anxiety and inability to keep friends.

224 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 84: 541-42; Am Lit 48: 254; EAL 11: 222-23; JAH 63: 703-704; U 101: 1008; Nation 222 (29 May 76): 664-66; WMQ 34: 133-34. 893 Sisson, Daniel. The American Revolution of 1800. New York: Knopf, distributed by Random House, 1974. xvii, 468 p. ISBN 0394484762; OCLC 827886; LC Call Number E310 .S57; Dewey 320.9/73/04. Citations: 9. Holdings: 622. Argues that the 1800 election was not about "a new mode of political organization," but rather a model for revolution. Stresses the conflict between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians, concluding that Jefferson "acted to preserve the spirit and principles of the American Revolution," while Hamilton was nearly "blinded by power." AHR 81: 964-65; JAH 62: 383-85; WMQ 32: 539-41. 894 Skaggs, David Curtis. Roots of Maryland Democracy, 1753-1776. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973. xii, 253 p. ISBN 0837164028; OCLC 613509; LC Call Number F184 .S65; Dewey 320.9/752/02. Citations: 11. Holdings: 502. Contends that before the Revolution Maryland had a deferential social system in which "class, kinship, and friendship determined status" and that prior to 1776 democracy was "merely a glimmer on the horizon." Concludes that, through "internal revolution" Maryland was able by 1801 to achieve a "more democratic social, political and economic order." AHR 79: 1623-24; APSR 69: 1456-57; JAH 61: 466-67; WMQ 31: 322-24. 895 Smith, Culver H. The Press, Politics, and Patronage: The American Government's Use of Newspapers, 1789-1875. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977. xv, 351 p. ISBN 0820304042; OCLC 3149683; LC Call Number PN4738 .S65; Dewey 070.4/12. Citations: 25. Holdings: 614. Explores the government's use of press patronage to print laws and congressional proceedings, and communicate the administration's views on issues. Concludes that the patronage system "became a factor in attaching the interest of the states, localities, and the humbler people, including the editors themselves, to their national government." AHR 83: 518-19; CJH 13: 291-92; JAH 65: 142; U102: 2160. 896 Smith, Sam B. and Harriet Chappell Owsley, eds. The Papers of Andrew Jackson. Vol. I: 1770-1803. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980. ISBN 0870492195; OCLC 5029597; LC Call Number E302 J35; Dewey 973.5/6/0924. Citations: 12. Holdings: 750. Papers cover Jackson's early life and legal career, service as a delegate to the Tennessee state constitutional convention, service in Congress, and as a state supreme court judge. JAH 67: 915; U105: 2080-82. 897 Sosin, J. M. English America and the Restoration Monarchy of Charles II: Transatlantic Politics, Commerce, and Kinship. Lincoln: University of

Politics and Government 225 Nebraska Press, 1980. 389 p. ISBN 0803241186; OCLC 6331628; LC Call Number E191 .S67; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 19. Holdings: 441. Studies the relationship between the colonies and the imperial government during the reign of Charles II, particularly with regard to administration and finance. Concludes that "the government of Charles II had no overall plan; it reacted to disparate events as they occurred in the individual American colonies." AHR 87: 1150-51; CJH 17: 155-56; Econ Hist Rev 35: 147-48; JAH 6S: 646; WMQ 39: 525-27. 898 Stiverson, Gregory A. and Phebe R. Jacobsen. William Paca: A Biography. Baltimore, Md.: Maryland Historical Society, 1976. 103 p. OCLC 3914146; LC Call Number E302.6.P12 S85; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 2. Holdings: 105. Examines the life of Paca, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Notes his early life, family background, education, law practice, service in the Maryland Assembly as a member of the antiproprietary faction, opposition to the Stamp Act, membership in the Continental Congress, organization of militia troops in the Revolution, work as governor of Maryland, opposition to the Constitution, and appointment to a federal judgeship. WMQ 34: 504. 899 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 16: February 1794-July 1794; Vol. 17: August 1794-December 1794. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972. xvii, 664 p.; xiii, 620 p. . OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302 .H247; Dewey 973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1281. Includes papers on ship timber, ship seizures, suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion, and negotiations leading to the Jay Treaty. AHR 79: 853-54; JAH 60: 409-412. 900 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 18: January-July 1795; Vol. 19: July-December 1795. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973. xviii, 557 p.; xviii, 546 p. OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302 .H247; Dewey 973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1281. Documents cover 1795, particularly Hamilton's service as Secretary of the Treasury, defense of Jay's Treaty, and activities after retirement from the Cabinet. AHR 80: 495; JAH6\: 438-40; WMQ 31: 678-80. 901 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 20: January 1796-March 1797; Vol. 21: April 1797-July 1798. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. xvi, 597 p.; xiv, 560 p. . OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302.H247; Dewey 973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1281. Documents cover the fight over Jay's Treaty in the House of Representatives, Washington's Farewell Address, the election of 1796, controversies over Maria and James Reynolds, tensions with France, and the XYZ Affair. AHR 81: 206-207; JAH63: 368-69; WMQ33: 677-80.

226 Books on Early American History and Culture 902 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 22: July 1798-March 1799; Vol. 23: April 1799-October 1799. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975-76. xiv, 649 p.; xiv, 728 p. . OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302 .H247; Dewey 973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1281. Papers cover military service, family issues, and relations with France. JAH 64: 107-109; WMQ 33: 677-80; WMQ 34: 670-72. 903 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 24: November 1799-June 1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. xii, 708 p. OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302 .H247; Dewey 973 19. Citations: 3. Holdings:. 1281. Covers Hamilton's military activities, expense accounts, and efforts to secure a government post for his son-in-law. AHR 82: 1325-26; WMQ 34: 670-72. 904 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 25: July 1800-April 1802. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. xvi, 646 p. OCLC 382437; LC Call Number E302 .H247; Dewey 973 19. Citations: 19. Holdings: 1281. Documents cover military duties, end of Cabinet service in the Adams administration, the 1800 election, loss of party and political influence, the death of eldest son Philip in a duel, and the building of a country house. AHR 84: 253-54; Am Lit 50: 312; JAH 65: 1069; WMQ 37: 330-33. 905 Syrett, Harold C , ed. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 26: May 1, 1802-October 23, 1804. Additional Documents, 1774-1799, Addenda and Errata. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. xx, 921 pp. Citations: 6. Holdings: 1281. Includes papers on Hamilton's dual with Burr, including third-party accounts, his law practice and farm, controversy over supposed support of monarchy at the Constitutional Convention, and misgivings about the Louisiana Purchase. JAH 66: 919; WMQ 37: 330-33. 906 Szatmary, David P. Shays' Rebellion: The Making of an Agrarian Insurrection. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980. xiv, 184 p. ISBN 0870232959; OCLC 5564258; LC Call Number F69 .S99; Dewey 974.4/03. Citations: 88. Holdings: 1102. Argues that the Rebellion was essentially a clash between traditional, communal agrarianism and individualistic, market-oriented commercialism. Explains that merchants sought to reestablish credit with British traders and thus attempted to collect debts from inland customers. Finds that this intensified "already existing antagonism between merchants and yeomen," a situation made even worse by increased taxation by the merchant-dominated state government. Concludes that some elements of the Constitution were directly influenced by Shays' Rebellion. AHR 86: 648-49; JAH 68: \22;JEcon Lit 19: 1588-89; UJ 105: 1386; WMQ 38: 533-36.

Politics and Government 227 907 Taylor, Robert J. Papers of John Adams. Vol. 1: September 1755October 1773; Vol. 2: December 1773-April 1775. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977. xlviii, 356 p.; xii, 466 p. OCLC 2874335; LC Call Number E302 .A275. Citations: 50. Holdings: 770. Includes papers on judicial independence, the Massachusetts House of Representatives debate with Hutchinson over Parliamentary supremacy, Adams's schooling and legal training, and the beginning of the Revolutionary War. AHR 83: 1084; AJLH25: 82-84. 908 Teaford, Jon C. The Municipal Revolution in America: Origins of Modern Urban Government, 1650-1825. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975. viii, 152 p. ISBN 0226791653; OCLC 1217511; LC Call Number JS309 .T4; Dewey 352.008 T. Citations: 37. Holdings: 644. Examines the development of municipal government, focusing on structures, functions, and representation. Argues that the Revolution destroyed the elite hold on municipalities and expanded participation in city government. AHR SI: 1218-19; AJLH 20: 171-75; JAH 63: 102; J Urban Hist 5: 511-20; U 100: 2057-58; WMQ34: 162-65. 909 Thomas, P.D.G. British Politics and the Stamp Act Crisis: The First Phase of the American Revolution, 1763-1767. New York: Clarendon Press, 1975. vi, 394 p. ISBN 0198224311; OCLC 1343765; LC Call Number E215.2 .T48; Dewey 973.3/111. Citations: 32. Holdings: 576. Explores the political history of the Stamp Act Crisis, focusing on British opinion, debate over Parliamentary power, and the need for funds from the colonies. Argues that the British were nearly unanimous about Parliamentary sovereignty in the colonies and about colonists' sharing the burden of their defense. Concludes that the "lesson of the Stamp Act Crisis was that there would be very few friends of America in Britain in any future clash with the colonies." AHR 81: 386-87; JAH 62: 673-74; WMQ 32: 648-50. 910 Tourtellot, Arthur Bemon. Benjamin Franklin: The Shaping of Genius, The Boston Years. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977. xviii, 459 p. ISBN 0385032307; OCLC 2423343; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 T7; Dewey 973.3/092/4 B. Citations: 11. Holdings: 1226. Examines Franklin's early life in New England, focusing on social, intellectual, political, and religious influences on him. Discusses the books that Franklin read and his family background. AHRS2: \060-6l;JAH64: 1086;U102: 194. 911 Van Home, John C , ed. The Correspondence of William Nelson as Acting Governor of Virginia, 1770-1771. Charlottesville: Published for the Virginia Historical Society by the University Press of Virginia, 1975. xxxi, 176 p. ISBN 0813905850; OCLC 1365180; LC Call Number J87 .V617; Dewey 353.9/755/035. Citations: 0. Holdings: 190.

228 Books on Early American History and Culture Publishes letters of Nelson, interim governor of Virginia from October 1770 until the arrival of Lord Dunmore in September 1771. Papers deal largely with speculation in western lands and jurisdiction over maritime criminal cases. JAH64: 125; WMQ34: 174-75. 912 Vipperman, Carl J. The Rise ofRawlins Lowndes, 1721-1800. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission by the University of South Carolina Press, 1978. xiii, 276 p. ISBN 0872492591; OCLC 3966263; LC Call Number F272.L87 V56; Dewey 975.7/03/0924 B. Citations: 0. Holdings: 226. Presents a narrative biography of Lowndes, explaining his rise from modest circumstances to successful planter, magistrate, legislator, and President of South Carolina in the late 1770s. Finds that Lowndes' rise was not as dramatic as is frequently portrayed since he was assisted in his ascent by family and political connections. AHR 84: 1145-46; AJLH 24: 181-82. 913 Walsh, Richard. Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland. Volume 10, Journal of Council, 1789-1793. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1972. OCLC 2851060; LC Call Number F176.A67; Dewey 975.2M369. Citations: 0. Holdings: 28. Publishes Council actions involving commissioning local justices, bonds, appeals from county courts, payment demands, petitions, and taxes. AHR7S: 1527-28. 914 Ward, Harry M. Statism in Plymouth Colony. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1973. 193 p. ISBN 0804690367; OCLC 700372; LC Call Number JK99.M39 W37; Dewey 323.4/09744/82. Citations: 2. Holdings: 555. Examines the relationship between government and individuals, freedom and authority in Plymouth colony. Concludes that Plymouth authorities were not unduly repressive, but rather that the colony achieved balance between "statism" and individual freedom even in areas of personal expression. APSR 70: 228-29; WMQ 31: 521-22. 915 Ward, Harry M. "Unite or Die": Intercolony Relations 1690-1763. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1971. ix, 323 p. ISBN 0804690138; OCLC 136649; LC Call Number E195 .W37; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 7. Holdings: 708. Reviews relations among colonies from the late seventeenth century through the end of the Seven Years' War. Seeks "the origin of American federalism in the colonial experience" and concludes that by the 1760s "the colonists were not ready for union," but "unconsciously were being thrust towards it" mainly through Indian and imperial warfare. AHR7S: 149-50; JAH58: 1002-1003; WMQ29: 192. 916 Watlington, Patricia. The Partisan Spirit: Kentucky Politics, 1779-1792. New York: Atheneum, 1972. viii, 276 p. OCLC 320631; LC Call Number F454 .W3; Dewey 976.9/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 486.

Politics and Government 229 Studies Revolutionary and early national politics in Kentucky. Argues that three groups shaped the territory's politics: the "partisans" (speculators with little attachment to Virginia who favored statehood initially); the "articulate center" (those with grants from Virginia who opposed the creation of a separate state); and a "coimtry party" (planters and farmers favoring legal separation from Virginia). Notes that early politics were particularly contentious. AHR 78: 727-2S; JAH59: 698-99; WMQ 30: 163-66. 917 Watterson, John Sayle. Thomas Burke: Restless Revolutionary. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980. xi, 288 p. ISBN 0819109436; OCLC 5830094; LC Call Number E302.6.B88 W37; Dewey 973.3/12/0924. Citations: 3. Holdings: 145. Provides a biography of Burke, North Carolina Revolutionary, member of the Continental Congress, and governor. Finds that Burke was not radical and moved from support of state sovereignty to centralized power, largely as a result of the British southern campaign. JAH 67: 661-62. 918 Wechsler, Louis K. Benjamin Franklin: American and World Educator. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1976. 206 p. ISBN 0805776672; OCLC 2020777; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 W3; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 285. Presents a biography of Franklin with special emphasis on theories of education that can be derived from his career. JAH 64: 763; WMQ 35: 768-71. 919 Wendel, Thomas. Benjamin Franklin and the Politics of Liberty. Woodbury, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series, 1974. xiv, 454 p. ISBN 0812004590; OCLC 938234; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 W56; Dewey 917.3/03/30924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 243. Presents a short biography of Franklin for a general audience, focusing on his skills in the art of persuasion. Includes selections from Franklin's writings. JAH 62: 112. 920 Weslager, C. A. The Stamp Act Congress. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1976. 279 p. ISBN 0874131111; OCLC 1976656; LC Call Number E215.2.W47; Dewey 973.3/111. Citations: 5. Holdings: 711. Studies the first intercolonial assembly of the imperial crisis. Describes Grenville's policies, members of the Congress, and their discussions of issues. Concludes that a principal achievement of the Congress was to convince New York merchants to institute the first American boycott of British goods. AHR 82: 1063-64; JAH 64: 766; U101: 2574; WMQ 35: 779-80. 921 Weymouth, Lally, ed. Thomas Jefferson: The Man, His World, His Influence. New York: Putnam, 1973. 254 p. ISBN 029776540X; OCLC 879902; LC Call Number E332 .W49; Dewey 973.4/6/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 1087.

230 Books on Early American History and Culture Presents essays on Jefferson and the Enlightenment, the meaning of the Declaration of Independence, the political economy of Thomas Jefferson, his relationship to the Italian Renaissance, the West, Jefferson and the press, Jefferson as architect and civil libertarian, and the Jeffersonian legacy. JAH 62: 112-13. 922 Wharton, Leslie. Polity and the Public Good: Conflicting Theories of Republican Government in the New Nation. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1980. 147 p. ISBN 0835711552; OCLC 7179341; LC Call Number JA84.U5W48; Dewey 320.5/0973 19. Citations: 1. Holdings: 179. Argues that republicanism was not monolithic, but depended upon regional economic interests, as illustrated by the ideas of John Taylor of Caroline (southern agrarian), John Adams (New England Federalist), and Alexander Hamilton (supporter of the government role in the economy). JAH 68: 369-70. 923 Whisenhunt, Donald W. Delegate from New Jersey: The Journal of John Fell. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1973. 212 p. ISBN 0804690413; OCLC 900804; LC Call Number E302.6.F43 A33; Dewey 973.3/12/0924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 361. Publishes the journal that Fell kept between November 1778 to November 1779 while a delegate to the Continental Congress. Includes over 300 journal entries and background information. JAH 61: 1085. 924 Wickwire, Franklin B. and Mary Wickwire. Cornwallis: The Imperial Years. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xi, 340 pp. ISBN 0807813877; OCLC 4775450; LC Call Number DA506.C8 W5; Dewey 941.07/3/0924. Citations: 10. Holdings: 637. Examines Cornwallis's life and career from 1781 until his death in 1805. Discusses his work as a cabinet minister and lord lieutenant of Ireland, and his military and political career in India. Concludes that success he enjoyed in public life after the defeat at Yorktown came from strength of character, not intellectual ability. AHR S5: 1194-95; U 105: 1078. 925 Williams, John A., ed. Journals and Proceedings of the General Assembly of the State of Vermont, 1791-1792. Montpelier: Secretary of State, 1978. OCLC 4895974; LC Call Number F49 .S72. Citations: 0. Holdings: 29. Includes early bills, resolutions, reports, and committee actions from the Vermont Assembly, including communications from the governor and Council. AHR 78: 485-86. 926 Williamson, Audrey. Thomas Paine: His Life, Work and Times. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973. 296 p. OCLC 1289012; LC Call Number JC178.V2 W54; Dewey 320.5/1/0924. Citations: 7. Holdings: 901. Interprets Paine's life and work with special focus on his early life in England, seeking to "make clear to general readers, not only historians, his importance as

Politics and Government 231 a figure in our democratic history." Emphasizes his relationship to the working class and his influence on nineteenth-century reform movements. WMQ 31: 698-99. 927 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 15: January 1 through December 31, 1768. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. xxix, 327 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 10. Holdings: 1382. Presents papers, letters and essays by Franklin covering political, scientific, religious, and social topics. AHR 78: 155-56; Am Lit 44: 525; JAH 60: 96-98; WMQ 30: 343-47. 928 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 16: January I through December 31, 1769. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. xxiv, 359 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 5. Holdings: 1382. Papers cover Franklin's scientific interests, activities in London, the Grafton administration, the nonimportation movement, efforts to repeal duties, and the larger issues of taxation and sovereignty. AHR79: 1252-53; JAH60: 1071-73; WMQ35: 155-59. 929 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 17: January 1 through December 31, 1770. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. xxxii, 430 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 1382. Papers discuss the Townshend duties, nonimportation, taxation as a constitutional issue, Parliamentary sovereignty, events in Massachusetts, and land speculation. AHR 79: 1252-53; JAH60: 1071-73; WMQ 35: 155-59. 930 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 18: January 1 through December 31, 1771. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1974. xxix, 302 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 3. Holdings: 1382. Includes documents on Franklin's interview with Lord Hillsborough, scientific work, and moral philosophy. AHRSl: 1223-24; JAH63: 974-75; WMQ35: 155-59. 931 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 19: January 1 through December 31, 1772. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976. 529 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 1382. Papers cover toleration, the slave trade, science, disclosure of the Hutchinson letters, and British politics. JAH63: 974-75; WMQ 35: 155-59. 932 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 20: January 1 through December 31, 1773. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University

232 Books on Early American History and Culture Press, 1976. xxxviii, 624 pp. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 1382. Includes letters on science, the constitutional debate between Massachusetts Governor Hutchinson and the General Court, the Tea Act and political events in England, land speculation, the call for committees of correspondence, and Franklin's sending the Hutchinson-Oliver letters to correspondents in Massachusetts. AHRS2: 1321. 933 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 21: January 1, 1774 through March 22, 1775. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978. 704 p. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 14. Holdings: 1382. Papers cover the suit against Franklin in Chancery, the case of the Hutchinson letters, the Coercive Acts, Parliamentary sovereignty, debates in the Commons, and Franklin's decision to return to America. EAL 17: \S4; JAH67: 395. 934 Wiltse, Charles M., ed. The Papers of Daniel Webster: Correspondence. Vol. 1: 1798-1824. Hanover, N.H.: Published for Dartmouth College by the University Press of New England, 1974. ISBN 0874510961; OCLC 1232810; LC Call Number E337.8 .W373; Dewey 973.5/092/4. Citations: 11. Holdings: 1398. Letters cover Webster's legal education, politics, election to Congress (1812), and his rise to national prominence. AHR 83: 272-73; JAH 62: 360-62; U100: 761. 935 Zemsky, Robert. Merchants, Farmers, and River Gods: An Essay on Eighteenth-Century American Politics. Boston, Mass.: Gambit, 1971. 361 p. OCLC 138981; LC Call Number JK3125 1730 .Z45; Dewey 320.9/744/02. Citations: 29. Holdings: 654. Examines Massachusetts politics between 1730 and 1755, focusing on the interplay among coastal merchants, inland farmers and Connecticut valley landowners. Asserts that "the Revolution was not so much inevitable as unexpected," because there were "no dire warnings of impending conflict." AHR 77: 1501-1502; CHR 53: 468-69; CJH 7: 75-76; JAH 58: 725-26; WMQ 29: 176-77. 936 Zolrvany, Y.F. The Government of New France: Royal, Clerical, or Class Rule? Totonto: Prentice Hall, 1971. viii, 115 p. ISBN 0133615928; OCLC 141722; LC Call Number F1030 .Z62; Dewey 320.9/71/01. Citations: 1. Holdings: 169. Studies the historiography of New France government. Discusses and evaluates contemporary accounts and Liberal, Whig, conservative, clerical, neonationalist and social views. CHR 53: 446-47.

Politics and Government 233 937 Zvesper, John. Political Philosophy and Rhetoric: A Study of the Origins of American Party Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977. vii, 237 p. ISBN 0521213231; OCLC 2424440; LC Call Number JK2260 .Z93; Dewey 329/.02. Citations: 21. Holdings: 623. Casts the debate between Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians in terms of modernism and liberalism. Calls the Federalists "realists" and the Republicans "idealists," arguing that Republicans were the first modem political party due to their use of "effective rhetoric." AHR S3: 514-15; APSR 72: 1442; U 102: 1646; WMQ 36: 120-23.

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21 Law

938 Baker, Leonard. John Marshall: A Life in Law. New York: Macmillan, 1974. x, 845 p. ISBN 002506360X; OCLC 702982; LC Call Number KF8745.M3B3; Dewey 347A73/2634. Citations: 31. Holdings: 1612. Considers Marshall's entire life, but concentrates on his work as a lawyer, politician, and justice. Emphasizes Marshall's view that humans struggle to live under the law and his idea that the purpose of the judiciary is "to execute the laws in a peaceable, orderly manner, without shedding blood or creating a contest." AJLH20: 155-58; JAH61: 1092-93; WMQ33: 709-711. 939 Billikopf, David Marshall. The Exercise of Judicial Power, 1789-1864. New York: Vantage Press, 1973. 438 p. ISBN 0533007550; OCLC 898962; LC Call Number KF5130 .B5; Dewey 347/.73/12. Citations: 1. Holdings: 193. Studies jurisdiction through the issues of mandamus, admiralty, removal and appeal from state to federal courts, diversity of citizenship cases, habeas corpus, and rules of construction. Summarizes chronologically court decisions on matters of jurisdiction. JAH 61: 472. 940 Bloomfield, Maxwell. American Lawyers in a Changing Society, 17761876. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976. ix, 397 p. ISBN 0674029100; OCLC 1364018; LC Call Number KF366 .B5; Dewey 340/.0973. Citations: 79. Holdings: 900. Presents essays covering Peter Van Schaack and the problem of allegiance, antilawyer sentiment in the early republic, William Sampson and the codification movement, the family in antebellum law, attempts to improve the professional image of lawyers, riot control in Philadelphia, Frederick Grimke and the

236 Books on Early American History and Culture dynamics of social change, the Confederate lawyer William Pitt Ballinger and John Mercer Langston and the training of black lawyers. AHR 82: 175-76; JAH 63: 993-94; U101: 1440; WMQ 34: 320-22. 941 Bourguignon, Henry J. The First Federal Court: The Federal Appellate Prize Court of the American Revolution, 1775-1787. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical Society, 1977. 362 p. ISBN 0871691221; OCLC 3505987; LC Call Number Q l l . P612; LC Call Number KF8757; Dewey 081 s 347A73/24. Citations: 26. Holdings: 451. Examines Washington's 1775 proposal for prize courts, Congress's recommendation of state courts with trial by jury and Congress's retention of regulatory and privateer commissioning rights, its establishment of an appeals process, and problems encountered in appeals and the enforcement of decisions. Also discusses the British legal context and the influence of the Constitution on prize cases. AHR 83: 1339-40; AJLH22: 271-73; JAH65: 1107; WMQ35: 771-74. 942 Brewer, John and John Styles, eds. An Ungovernable People: The English and Their Law in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. London: Hutchinson, 1980. 400 p. ISBN 0091382009; OCLC 6084102; LC Call Number KD612 .U5; Dewey 340/. 115/0942. Citations: 244. Holdings: 642. Presents essays on the theme of the English "legal process and people's attitudes towards it." Articles cover seventeenth-century juries, constables, and justices, Maldon grain riots, Wilkites and the law, Yorkshire coiners, and the King's Bench debtor's prison. CJH 17: 307-314; WMQ 38: 132-34. 943 Bryson, William Hamilton. Census of Law Books in Colonial Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978. xxvii, 90 p. ISBN 0813907462; OCLC 3168492; LC Call Number KFV2401 .B79; Dewey 016.34/009755. Citations: 19. Holdings: 239. Surveys library lists to determine how widespread law books were in colonial Virginia collections. Describes the use of case reports, treaties, and statutes. AJLH23: 91-92. 944 Bryson, William Hamilton, ed. The Virginia Law Reporters Before 1880. Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia, 1977. 130 p. ISBN 0813907470; OCLC 3168517; LC Call Number KFV2926.C68 V57; Dewey 348/.755/0430922. Citations: 0. Holdings: 217. Gives biographies of reporters of Virginia cases, along with bibliographies. Includes essays on Frances Walker Gilmer, Thomas Jefferson, St. George Tucker, William Walker Hening, William Mumford, and George Wythe. Provides a guide to printed Virginia reports as well. AJLH23: 91-92. 945 Dargo, George. Jefferson's Louisiana: Politics and the Clash of Legal Traditions. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975. x, 260 p. ISBN

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0674473701; OCLC 1287643; LC Call Number KFL78 .D28; Dewey 340/.09763. Citations: 21. Holdings: 557. Studies the preservation and continuity of Latin culture in Louisiana as it was integrated into the Anglo-American republic. Focuses on the clash between civil and common law traditions, the Burr conspiracy, and the legal disagreements between Edward Livingston and Thomas Jefferson in the Batture controversy. Identifies the territory's adoption of the Civil Digest of 1808 and its acceptance by the Jefferson administration as a significant step in resolving tensions between the two cultures. AHR 81: 657; AJLH 20: 259-60; JAH 62: 986; U100: 848; WMQ 33: 698-700. 946 Dumbauld, Edward. Thomas Jefferson and the Law. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978. xv, 293 p. ISBN 080611441X; OCLC 3844235; LC Call Number KF 363 J4D8; Dewey 340/.092/4. Citations: 21. Holdings: 513. Discusses Jefferson's career as a practicing lawyer, including general difficulties lawyers had in determining what the law was in their own jurisdictions. Notes that Jefferson collected and preserved early laws of Virginia. Analyzes Jefferson's casebook of 939 cases, arguing that as a lawyer Jefferson was careful, thoughtful, and creative. AJLH26: 284-85; JAH66: 917. 947 Gawalt, Gerard W. The Promise of Power: The Emergence of the Legal Profession in Massachusetts, 1760-1840. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. x, 254 p. ISBN 0313206120; OCLC 4492432; LC Call Number KFM2478 .G38; Dewey 340/.09744. Citations: 46. Holdings: 443. Studies lawyers' social backgrounds, training, income, career patterns, and professionalization in Massachusetts. Finds that economic development after the Revolution increased demand for lawyers and that they became more individualistic, but more powerful. Concludes that professionalization occurred in the early nineteenth century. AHR 85: 207-208; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 67-77; AJLH 25: 176-77; JAH 66: 918; WMQ37: 151-53. 948 Goebel, Julius. History of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. 1: Antecedents and Beginnings of 1801. New York: Macmillan, 1971. xxv, 864 p. OCLC 214512; LC Call Number KF8742.A45 H55; Dewey 347A73/26. Citations: 147. Holdings: 647. Discusses the background of American law, the traditions of judicial control over legislation, statehood and the principle of constitutional authority in the early republic, the Continental Congress and national judicial authority, the Constitutional Convention and the judiciary, the Framers as propagandists, the Bill of Rights, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Process Acts, the circuit courts, the organization of the court system, civil and appellate jurisdiction, criminal jurisdiction of courts, and the Supreme Court before 1801. AHR 79: 1250-51; APSR 69: 1445-47; JAH 59: 994-96; WMQ 29: 643. 949 Goodwin, Everett C. The Magistracy Rediscovered: Connecticut, 16361818. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1980. viii, 181 p. ISBN

238 Books on Early American History and Culture 0835711609; OCLC 7197058; LC Call Number KFC3678 .G66; Dewey 347.746/01/09; Dewey 347.4607109. Citations: 6. Holdings: 138. Contends that for the first century and a half of its existence, Connecticut's legal system was Puritan in nature and controlled by the General Court religious magistracy. Finds that legislation and independent common law adjudication only became separated in 1795. JAH69: 135; WMQ39: 700-702. 950 Haw, James. Stormy Patriot: The Life of Samuel Chase. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1980. viii, 305 p. ISBN 0938420003; OCLC 7182055; LC Call Number E302.6.C4 S8; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 11. Holdings: 163. Explores Chase's childhood, education, and legal and political career in Baltimore and Annapolis. Notes his service in the Maryland legislature and Continental Congress and his appointment to the Supreme Court in 1796. Characterizes Chase as a brilliant legal mind whose impulsive behavior led to his impeachment. AHR 86: 1148; JAH 68: 657; WMQ 40: 162-64. 951 Henderson, Dwight F. Courts for a New Nation. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1971. viii, 166 p. OCLC 260379; LC Call Number KF8754 .H4; Dewey 347/.73/109. Citations: 7. Holdings: 313. Focuses on Federal circuit and district courts prior to 1801. Finds that federal courts of the early national period differed most from state courts in the decisions they made. Describes judges, attorneys, and marshals who made the system run and discusses political conflicts over the creation of inferior federal courts. Concludes that, however, "the courts remained above politics in most instances." AHR 78: 484-85; AJLH 16: 295-96; JAH 58: 1008-1009. 952 Horwitz, Morton J. The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977. xvii, 356 p. ISBN 0674903706; OCLC 2373299; LC Call Number KF366 .H6; Dewey 346/.73/009033. Citations: 956. Holdings: 1237. Examines torts, contract, property and commercial law in the early republic and antebellum periods. Explains that traditionally legislatures "made" and judges "found" law based on equity and laws of nature, but that this changed with the development of a competitive market economy to emphasize legislative lawmaking and the shaping of the law by state courts to encourage the flow of goods and productivity of property. AHR 82: 1067-68; AJLH 21: 175-79; APSR 73: 244-45; JAH 64: 1099; U 102: 506; New Republic 176 (26 March 77): 34-35; WMQ 35: 562-64. 953 Johnson, Herbert A. Imported Eighteenth-Century Law Treatises in American Libraries, 1700-1799. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1978. xlvi, 95 p. ISBN 0870492209; OCLC 4195309; LC Call Number KF1 J6; Dewey 016.34/00973. Citations: 23. Holdings: 225.

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Examines English and Continental law texts in the libraries of 22 eighteenthcentury American jurists. Finds that practice manuals were prevalent followed by abridgments and commentaries, law dictionaries and specialized treatises. Argues that these works were acquired for their utility and show the influence of English law and procedure in America. AJLH25: 79-80. 954 Johnson, Herbert A., ed. The Papers of John Marshall. Vol. 1: Correspondence and Papers, November 10, 1775-June 23, 1788, Account Book, September 1783-June 1788. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974. 494 p. ISBN 0807812331; OCLC 915868; LC Call Number E302 .M365; Dewey 347.73/2634. Citations: 12. Holdings: 889. Publishes or calendars "every extant Marshall paper from the time of his birth to June 30, 1788." Includes accounts of Marshall's Virginia General Court cases, documents on his legal practice, warrants, deeds, and letters on land speculations, and speeches at the Virginia constitutional ratification convention. AHR 81: 1225; AJLH20: 161-65; JAH62: 359-60; WMQ33: 154-56. 955 Johnson, Herbert A. The Papers of John Marshall. Vol. 2: Correspondence and Papers, July 1788-December 1795; Account Book, July 1788-December 1795. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974. 583 p. ISBN 0807813028; OCLC 915868; LC Call Number E302. M365; Dewey 347.73/2634 347.3073534 19. Citations: 6. Holdings: 889. Includes documents and letters illustrating Marshall's legal career in Virginia, arguments in important cases like Bracken v. College of William and Mary, the Fairfax land disputes, and Commonwealth v. Randolph, and Marshall's everyday life. AHR 84: 544-45; AJLH 25: 84-86; JAH 67: 913-14; LJ 103: 164; WMQ 36: 64648. 956 Johnson, Herbert A. The Papers of John Marshall. Vol. 3: Correspondence and Papers, January 1796-December 1798. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975. 582 p. ISBN 0807813028; OCLC 915868; LC Call Number E302. M365; Dewey 347.73/2634 347.3073534 19. Citations: 12. Holdings: 889. Covers documents related to Marshall's role in the XYZ mission, his election to and service in Congress, his legal practice, and family life. AJLH25: 86-88; JAH67: 913-14. 957 Konig, David Thomas. Law and Society in Puritan Massachusetts: Essex County, 1629-1692. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. xxi, 215 p. ISBN 0807813362; OCLC 4492771; LC Call Number KFM2999.E8 K66; Dewey 340/.09744. Citations: 105. Holdings: 934. Explores the role of the early Massachusetts legal system in relation to Puritanism. Suggests that Puritans enthusiastically supported the civil law as a formal way to maintain order, particularly among non-church members. AHR 85: 976; AJLH 25: 77-79; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 313-22; JAH 67: 117.

240 Books on Early American History and Culture 958 Konig, David Thomas, ed. Plymouth Court Records, 1686-1859. Wilmington, Del.: M. Glazier distributed by Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1978. 16 vols. ISBN 0894530968; OCLC 15549735; LC Call Number KFM2916.P55 A7; Dewey 929/374482 19. Citations: 18. Holdings: 154. Presents edited court records at Plymouth colony, covering both civil and criminal actions. AJLH26: 73-77; WMQ 38: 730-35. 959 McClellan, James. Joseph Story and the American Constitution: A Study in Political and Legal Thought with Selected Writings. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971. xvii, 413 p. ISBN 0806109718; OCLC 213755; LC Call Number KF8745.S83 M34; Dewey 342/.73/00924. Citations: 48. Holdings: 822. Presents a short biography of Story, including his early life, education, and law practice in Massachusetts, legal writings and teaching, and political career. Describes Story's appointment by Madison to the Supreme Court and his views on natural law, Christianity, the Constitution, and common law, the law of property and nature of the Union. Contends that Story was more important to the development of American law than was John Marshall. AHR 78: 159-60; JAH59: 704-706; WMQ30: 172-74. 960 Nelson, William E. Americanization of the Common Law: The Impact of Legal Change on Massachusetts Society, 1760-1830. Cambridge, Mass.; Harvard University Press, 1975. ix,269p. ISBN 0674029720; OCLC 6160385; LC Call Number KFM2478 .N44; Dewey 340/.09744. Citations: 234. Holdings: 895. Surveys criminal, contract, and tort law in early national Massachusetts, as well as the law of debt. Argues that prior to the Revolution law served the needs of a society unified by shared values and controlled by local, community needs, but that after the Revolution unity had been destroyed and law came to be used by self-interested individuals and groups to impose their wills on society. AHR 82: 175; AJLH 21: 86-90; JAH 63: 692-93; U 100: 1434; WMQ 34: 31820. 961 Powell, Richard R. Compromises of Conflicting Claims: A Century of California Law, 1760 to 1860. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1977. xiv, 332 p. ISBN 0379006553; OCLC 2632787; LC Call Number KFC78 .P68; Dewey 340/.09794. Citations: 7. Holdings: 164. Examines law in California from its Spanish and Mexican origins through statehood. Focuses on the development of law through compromise and "the articulated effort" of groups "to get along together." AJLH 24: 184-87; JAH 65: 160-61. 962 Smith, M. H. The Writs of Assistance Case. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. xii, 589 p. ISBN 0520033493; OCLC 4174621; LC Call Number KF364.W73 S58; Dewey 346/.73/04360269. Citations: 38. Holdings: 567.

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Discusses the colonial use of Writs of Assistance, which involved local authorities in customs inspections and made disobedience a contempt of court. Finds that such writs were used by the royal governor of Massachusetts to secure private profit, a major irritant to colonists. AHRS4: 1144;U103: 869-70; WMQ36: 313-315. 963 Tachau, Mary K. Bonsteel. Federal Courts in the Early Republic: Kentucky, 1789-1816. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. ix, 234 p. ISBN 0691046611; OCLC 3844318; LC Call Number KFK1278 T 3 ; Dewey 347/.769/0109. Citations: 32. Holdings: 492. Studies lower federal courts in early republican Kentucky. Contends that these early courts were important in people's everyday lives. Considers the role of Harry Innes, attorneys, marshals, and other personnel, and focuses on federal revenue laws, property cases, civil suits, and criminal cases. AHR 84: 1149-50; AJLH 24: 187-88; JAH 66: 387; UJ 103: 2518; WMQ 36: 488-90.

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22 Crime and Punishment

964 Greenberg, Douglas. Crime and Law Enforcement in the Colony of New York, 1691-1776. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1976. 259 p. ISBN 0801410207; OCLC 2317976; LC Call Number HV6793.N5 G74. Dewey 364A9747. Citations: 42. Holdings: 577. Analyzes 5,297 criminal cases in colonial New York, mostly from New York City, to determine the characteristics of those charged with crimes and the disposition of their cases in the criminal justice system. Finds that generally defendants were white, male, and of English ancestry, and that very few cases involved blacks. Notes that women were more likely than men to be prosecuted for theft, that riot was more common in rural areas, and that after the 1750s theft and personal violence crimes rose sharply. Also shows that 87 percent of female defendants were unmarried and that blacks brought to trial were far more likely to be convicted than whites. AHR 82: 732-33; AJLH 22: 266-69; CJH 12: 281-83; JAH 64: 758; J Soc Hist 11: 281-83; U101: 1650; WMQ 34: 659-61. 965 Hindus, Michael Stephen. Prison and Plantation: Crime, Justice, and Authority in Massachusetts and South Carolina, 1767-1878. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980. xxviii, 285 p. ISBN 0807814172; OCLC 5310591; LC Call Number HV8145.S6 H55; Dewey 364A9759. Citations: 127. Holdings: 655. Studies the development of criminal law and justice in Massachusetts and South Carolina, particularly prosecution, punishment, penal and legal reform, court structure, and the role of social class. Notes higher legal professionalism in Massachusetts and more informal processes in South Carolina. Finds that plantations in South Carolina and penitentiaries in Massachusetts similarly

244 Books on Early American History and Culture served as labor institutions supporting the upper class's interests in terms of production, profit, and social control. AHR 86: 649;AJLH26: 7S-79;JAH6S: 662; U105: 1731-32. 966 Lachance, Andre. La justice criminelle du roi au Canada au XVIII siecle: Tribunaux etofficiers. Quebec : Presses de l'Universite Laval, 1978. xvi, 187 p. ISBN 0774668210; OCLC 4665736; LC Call Number KE8813 .L3; Dewey 345/.71/05. Citations: 11. Holdings: 71. Examines criminal justice in New France between 1712 and 1748, covering the Prevote of Quebec, the Royal Courts of Trois-Rivieres and Montreal, and the Superior Council of Quebec. Studies magistrates, royal prisons, trial procedure, and punishments. Concludes that the penal system was "much less strict in Canada than in Great Britain and in New York." AHR 84: 881; CHR 61: 370-71; WMQ 36: 312-313. 967 MacLachlan, Colin M. Criminal Justice in Eighteenth-Century Mexico: A Study of the Tribunal of the Acordada. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. viii, 141 p. ISBN 0520024168; OCLC 1306427; LC Call Number JL1276 .M33; Dewey 345/.72/05. Citations: 15. Holdings: 355. Notes that widespread poverty in eighteenth-century Mexico resulted in extensive crime, which the existing system was unable to handle. Describes the creation of the Tribunal of the Acordada to deal with the problem and concludes that it was a necessary and reasonable-if tentative-measure. AJLH21: 90-91. 968 Merrill, Boynton. Jefferson's Nephews: A Frontier Tragedy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976. xv, 462 p. ISBN 0691046409; OCLC 2387966; LC Call Number F457.L7 M47; Dewey 976.9/03. Citations: 9. Holdings: 1266. Reconstructs the 1811 murder and mutilation of a house slave in Kentucky by two nephews of Thomas Jefferson, Lilburne and Isham Lewis. Describes the crime, an ensuing suicide pact by the Lewis brothers, possible motives for the murder, and the financial difficulties of the Lewis family. AHR 82: 741; AJLH 21: 354-57; JAH 64: 781; U 101: 2370; New Republic 176 (12 Mar 77): 32-34; WMQ 34: 689-91.

23 Diplomacy

969 Ammon, Harry. The Genet Mission. New York: Norton, 1973. x, 194 p. ISBN 0393054756 (hbk.); ISBN 0393094200 (pbk.); OCLC 515940; LC Call Number E313 .A45; Dewey 327.44/073. Citations: 17. Holdings: 690. Argues that Genet's infamous violations of American neutrality offered party leaders the first opportunity to take a controversial issue to the public. Finds that the effort to sway public opinion was spearheaded by Alexander Hamilton and that it succeeded in mobilizing popular participation in politics. Concludes that Genet's downfall was due to his ignorance of the American political system. JAH61: 172-73; WMQ31: 336-37. 970 Bashkina, Nina N., ed. The United States and Russia: The Beginning of Relations, 1765-1815. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. lxxxii, 1184 p. OCLC 6627803; LC Call Number E183.8.R9 U59; Dewey 327.73047 19. Citations: 17. Holdings: 740. Publishes documents on the early relationship between the U.S. and Russia. Includes correspondence on science among Benjamin Franklin, Ezra Stiles, and their counterparts in Russia, diplomatic materials (e.g. Russian declarations of neutrality during the Revolution, Francis Dana's mission, efforts to get accreditation for John Miller Russell, correspondence of Levett Harris, appointment of Andrei I. Dashkov as consul general at Philadelphia and appointment of John Quincy Adams as minister to Russia and of Count Fedor P. Pahlen minister to the U.S.), Russian descriptions of America, documents on Russian activities on the Pacific coast of America, accounts of trade conflicts between Russians and Americans, John Ledyard's description of the initial meeting between Americans and Russians on the Northwest coast, excerpts from Iurii F. Lisianski's travel journal in America, and letters from Americans in Russia.

246 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 86: 887-88; JAH 68: 124; U106: 55; WMQ 38: 725-30. 971 Bowman, Albert Hall. The Struggle for Neutrality: Franco-American Diplomacy during the Federalist Era. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1974. xvii, 460 p. ISBN 0870491520; OCLC 793507; LC Call Number E183.8.F8 B65; Dewey 327.73/044. Citations: 15. Holdings: 611. Takes the Jeffersonian view of the Genet mission, Randolph affair, ratification of the Jay Treaty, the XYZ Affair, and undeclared war with France. Characterizes Federalists as too pro-British, selfish, and dishonest. AHR 80: 1390; CHR 58: 351-53; CJH 9: 361-62; JAH 61: 1094-96; WMQ 32: 158-60. 972 Currey, Cecil B. Code Number 72/Ben Franklin: Patriot or Spy? Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972. viii, 331 p. ISBN 0131394932; OCLC 409702; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 C798; Dewey 973.3/2/0924. Citations: 5. Holdings: 747. Explores Franklin's time in England and France as an agent and colonial envoy. Contends that Franklin may have been a spy in the employ of the English Secret Service, and that his ultimate goal was to get a substantial land grant from George III. AHR 79: 573-74; EAL 8: 78-80; WMQ 31: 150-52. 973 Dull, Jonathan R. The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy, 1774-1787. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. xv, 437 p. ISBN 0691069204; OCLC 1500030; LC Call Number E265 .D8; Dewey 973.3/2/4. Citations: 34. Holdings: 615. Examines the effect of naval activities on French policy during the American Revolution. Finds that the French goal was to target and destroy Britain's maritime trade with America, a policy which guaranteed the stagnation of the French monarchy. Details financial and logistic problems and difficulties in holding together a Franco-Spanish alliance. AHR 82: 118; CJH 11: 397-98; JAH 63: 699-700; U 101: 1117; WMQ 34: 14547. 974 Hill, Peter P. William Vans Murray, Federalist Diplomat: The Shaping of Peace with France, 1797-1801. Syracuse, N.Y. Syracuse University Press, 1971. ix, 241 p. ISBN 081560078X; OCLC 139279; LC Call Number E183.8.F8H5; Dewey 327/.44/073. Citations: 5. Holdings: 478. Studies Murray's career in Congress and as minister at the Hague, and his role in opening relations with France. Concludes that Murray was a skillful diplomat who played a key role in American foreign relations of the 1790s. AHR 77: \506; JAH5S: 729-30; WMQ29: 184-86. 975 Hutson, James H. John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1980. vii, 199 p. ISBN 0813114047; OCLC 6086256; LC Call Number E249 .H87; Dewey 973/.3/2/0924. Citations: 38. Holdings: 702.

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Examines Adams's Revolutionary diplomatic rule. Covers the Lee-Deane conflict, Adams's struggles with Vergennes, the role of Congress in Revolutionary diplomacy, negotiations at the Hague, and Adams's economic views and his "Model Treaty." Characterizes Adams's diplomacy as "customary, European, and conservative." AHR 86: 644-45; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 61-70; JAH 68: 117; WMQ 3S: 536-37. 976 Jones, Howard. To the Webster-Ashburton Treaty: A Study in AngloAmerican Relations, 1783-1843. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. xx, 251 p. ISBN 0807813060; OCLC 2968639; LC Call Number E398 J66; Dewey 327.73/041. Citations: 17. Holdings: 642. Describes persistent diplomatic problems between the United States and Britain, from the Maine border dispute, to disagreements over maritime laws and slave trading. Argues that most issues at stake were minor but were inflated by emotions of honor, prestige, and distrust. AHR 83: 804-805; Am Lit 46: 582-84; CHR 59: 498-500; JAH 65: 769; LI 103: 163. 977 Jones, J.R. Britain and the World, 1649-1815. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1980. 349 p. ISBN 0855272252; OCLC 7096769; LC Call Number DA375 J77; Dewey 327.41. Citations: 26. Holdings: 337. Surveys British foreign policy, especially as it relates to economics. Finds that national support of the mercantile system drove the government's foreign affairs and was relatively successful. AHR 87: 448-49; U106: 1304. 978 Kaplan, Lawrence S. Colonies into Nation: American Diplomacy, 17631801. New York: Macmillan, 1972. xiii, 331 p. OCLC 251370; LC Call Number E249.K32; Dewey 327.73 Kl7c. Citations: 11. Holdings: 637. Reviews diplomacy in the Revolutionary era, stressing constitutional divisions between England and America and noting the role of colonial agents "as diplomatists in the making and breaking of the British Empire." Contends that viewing early national diplomacy in stark Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian terms is too simplistic and that more independent individuals like John Jay, Gouvemeur Morris, William Short, James Madison, John Adams, and George Washington were vital in shaping policy. AHR 80: 1384-85; JAH59: 691-92; WMQ30: 347-49. 979 Kushner, Howard I. Conflict on the Northwest Coast: American-Russian Rivalry in the Pacific Northwest, 1790-1867. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975. xii, 227 p. ISBN 0837178738; OCLC 1273341; LC Call Number E669 .K93; Dewey 979.8/02. Citations: 7. Holdings: 669. Emphasizes conflict between Americans and Russians in the Pacific Northwest as a result of the Russian-American Company's efforts to exclude American trappers and whalers. Finds that Russians sold Alaska unwillingly and only after Americans applied decades of economic and political pressure. AHR 81: 1231-1232; Can Rev Am Stds 9: 179-84; JAH 63: 405; U 100: 132021.

248 Books on Early American History and Culture 980 Lester, Malcolm. Anthony Merry Redivivus: A Reappraisal of the British Minister to the United States, 1803-06. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978. x, 161 p. ISBN 0813907500; OCLC 3361840; LC Call Number DA506.M55 L47; Dewey 327/.2/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 476. Examines the career of Merry in America. Notes his complaints about American lack of protocol and deficiencies of Washington food and culture. Explains that past historians have been too hard on Merry, that he had been shaped by service in Europe, and that he served in the U.S. at a particularly inauspicious time for Anglo-American relations. AHR 84: 1472-73; WMQ 36: 493-95. 981 Osinga, Jacob. Frankrijk, Vergennes en de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheid, 1776-1783. Amsterdam: J. Osinga, 1980. 182 p. OCLC 8707917; LC Call Number E265 .08; Dewey 973.3/2 19. Citations: 5. Holdings: 10. Studies the Franco-American relationship throughout the Revolution and contends that France was not a "loyal and generous" ally. Argues instead that Vergennes opposed American independence and sought only to maximize damage inflicted on Britain through a prolonged war. WMQ 39: 385-86. 982 Ruigomez de Hernandez, Maria Pilar. El gobierno espanol del despotismo ilustrado ante la independencia de los Estados Unidos de America: Una nueva estructura de la politica internacional (1773-1783). Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Direccion General de Relaciones Culturales, 1978. ISBN 8485290097; OCLC 4513652; LC Call Number E249; Dewey 973.32. Citations: 0. Holdings: 261. Places Spain's role in the American Revolution within global diplomatic context. Examines political and economic competition among France, Britain, and Spain in the eighteenth century, Spanish assistance of the American colonists, and the negotiation of the western border of North America. AHR 85: 206-207. 983 Singh, R. John. French Diplomacy in the Caribbean and the American Revolution. Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1977. xi, 235 p. ISBN 0682488917; OCLC 3304173; LC Call Number DC131.5 .S56; Dewey 327.44. Citations: 4. Holdings: 136. Explores French military, colonial, and diplomatic policies regarding the Caribbean between 1763 and 1778. Argues that the Caribbean was strategically vital for the French struggle against England. AHR 83: 1024-25. 984 Spivak, Burton. Jefferson's English Crisis: Commerce, Embargo, and the Republican Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1979. xiii, 250 p. ISBN 0813908051; OCLC 37531939; LC Call Number E331 .S68; Dewey 973.4/6/0924. Citations: 35. Holdings: 569. Examines Jefferson's diplomacy toward the English between 1803 and 1809 and its implications for Jefferson's ideas about republicanism. Sees the embargo as

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a defensive policy and asserts that Jefferson never meant for it to be viewed offensively. AHR 85: 459-60; JAH 67: 133; U104: 1138-39; WMQ 36: 518-20. 985 Stinchcombe, William. The XYZ Affair. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980. 167 p. ISBN 0313222347; OCLC 6042740; LC Call Number E323 .S86; Dewey 327.73044. Citations: 17. Holdings: 738. Describes the 1797 mission of Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry to smooth over relations with France and their treatment in Paris, which came to be known as the XYZ Affair. Discusses its implications for the relationship, party politics, and the men involved. AHR 86: 918-919; JAH 68: 371; U106: 557; WMQ 39: 394-97. 986 Williams, Joyce G. and Jill E. Farrelly. Diplomacy on the Indian-Ohio Frontier, 1783-1791. Bloomington: Indiana University Bicentennial Committee, 1976. ix, 118 p. OCLC 2644687; LC Call Number E78.N76 W54; Dewey 341.42. Citations: 0. Holdings: 84. Discusses post-Revolution relationships among British, Americans, and Indians in the Old Northwest. JAH 64: 424. 987 Wright, Esmond, ed. A Tug of Loyalties: Anglo-American Relations, 176585. London: Published for the Institute of United States Studies by Athlone Press, 1975. vi, 92 p. ISBN 0485129027; OCLC 2137370; LC Call Number E277 .T83; Dewey 973.3/14. Citations: 0. Holdings: 327. Essays cover the loyalists in Britain, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the loyalists and British policy after the Revolution, and loyalists, Whigs and the idea of equality. JAH 63: 106. 988 Wright, J. Leitch. Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in North America. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1971. xiii, 257 p. ISBN 0820303054; OCLC 213106; LC Call Number E188 .W78; Dewey 973.1. Citations: 8. Holdings: 681. Studies the struggle between England and Spain over Florida in the early eighteenth century. Discusses trade, espionage, the European background, the role of natives, and Andrew Jackson's invasion. AHR 78: 140-41; CJH7: 2S4-S6; JAH59: 400-401; WMQ29: 328-30.

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24 Military

989 Archer, Christon I. The Army in Bourbon Mexico, 1760-1810. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1977. xv, 366 p. ISBN 0826304427; OCLC 2984426; LC Call Number UA789 .A7; Dewey 355.352. Citations: 51. Holdings: 416. Considers the historiography of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Mexico, proposals for the formation of an army in New Spain, problems with the defense of Veracruz, conflicts among people and viceroys, and the Spanish fear that the creation of a strong army in the colony might result in an independent government. Describes military bureaucracy, administration, and leadership and concludes that the army in New Spain was never really autonomous. AHR 84: 288-89. 990 Atwood, Rodney. The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. xi, 292 p. ISBN 0521228840; OCLC 5353702; LC Call Number E268 .A89; Dewey 973.3/42. Citations: 22. Holdings: 515. Studies Hessian operations in America, including Trenton, and studies society and military in Hesse-Kassel. Concludes that Hessians were courageous and professional, but poorly led. AHR 86: 645-46; JAH 68: 116;L/105: 1628; WMQ 39: 377-78. 991 Baker, Norman. Government and Contractors: The British Treasury and War Supplies, 1775-1783. London: Athlone Press, 1971. x, 274 p. ISBN 0485131307; OCLC 213891; LC Call Number HJ1013 .B155; Dewey 355.8/0942. Citations: 7. Holdings: 228.

252 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines administrative and logistical aspects of supplying the British army during the American Revolution. Focuses on the relationship between the treasury and the contractors and the particular role of Francis Baring. Finds that, although frequently exaggerated, inefficiency and fraud were significant and were only reduced at the very end of the war. AHR 78: 689-90; JAH 59: 695-96; WMQ 29: 501-503. 992 Bowler, R. Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America, 1775-1783. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1975. xi, 290 p. ISBN 0691046301; OCLC 1121074; LC Call Number E267 .B68 Dewey 973.3/41. Citations: 19. Holdings: 668. Contends that British forces in America were not "adequately fed, clothed, housed, transported and serviced generally" and this helps explain the loss of the war to the Americans. Finds that logistical considerations had a very real impact on the ways in which British generals fought. CHR5S: 338-39; CJH 11: \0S;JAH62: 975-76; WMQ33: 540-42. 993 Buckley, Roger Norman. Slaves in Red Coats: The British West India Regiments, 1795-1815. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979. xi, 210 p. ISBN 0300022166; OCLC 4004282; LC Call Number HT1091 .B77; Dewey 355.3/52. Citations: 39. Holdings: 461. Studies the British formation and operation of slave regiments within the army. Notes that planters opposed the regiment, causing the government to purchase slave recruits from Africa. Finds that the forces were effectively organized, trained, disciplined, and used in the British Caribbean. AHR 85: 242-43; CJH 15: 463-64. 994 Delery, Simone de la Souchere. Napoleon's Soldiers in America. Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing, 1972. xviii, 214 p. ISBN 0911116583; OCLC 525260; LC Call Number E184.F8 D441; Dewey 917.3/06/41. Citations: 2. Holdings: 163. Reprints the story of French artillery lieutenant Pierre Benjamin Buisson, initially published in France in 1950. Describes Buisson's journey to New Orleans in 1817 and examines the city's cultural and social life. Notes that, generally, the Napoleonic soldiers who settled in the area became respectable, productive citizens. JAH 60: 806-807. 995 Ferling, John E. A Wilderness of Miseries: War and Warriors in Early America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980. xiv, 227 p. ISBN 031322093X; OCLC 5706410; LC Call Number El81 .F44; Dewey 301.6/334/0973. Citations: 26. Holdings: 441. Examines the impact of warfare on society in early America, with emphasis on the Revolution. Characterizes colonial Americans as militaristic and violent and that these tendencies "rendered most colonists ready, even anxious, to challenge the parent state" in the 1760s and 1770s. Finds that Americans accepted war as part of change, which came out of the ethic of the European religious wars and was nurtured by wilderness warfare against Indians.

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AHR 86: 1143-44; CJH 16: 479-81; JAH 6S: 35S;JSoc Hist 16: 149-50; WMQ 39: 546-48. 996 Fortier, John. Fortress of Louisbourg. Toronto : Oxford University Press, 1979. 80 pp. ISBN 0195403029; OCLC 5683956; LC Call Number F1039.5.L8 F67; Dewey 971.6/95. Citations: 1. Holdings: 95. Presents a photographic history of the Louisbourg fortress, from its eighteenthcentury destruction to its twentieth-century reconstruction. Suggests that the fortress failed to protect the town's residents. CHR 61: 222-23. 997 Gill, Harold B., Jr. The Gunsmith in Colonial Virginia. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1974. vii, 139 p. ISBN 0879350083; OCLC 1129931; LC Call Number TS533.3.V8 G54; Dewey 683/.4/009755. Citations: 0. Holdings: 209. Finds evidence of gunsmithing in very early Virginia and of the production of rifled guns prior to 1640. Identifies gunsmiths who served in the Revolution, provides an alphabetical list of gunsmiths, a list of rifles and muskets purchased for the state (1775-76), and information on the Rappahannock Forge. JAH 63: 687-88. 998 Hoffman, Paul E. The Spanish Crown and the Defense of the Caribbean, 1535-1585: Precedent, Patrimonialism, and Royal Parsimony. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980. xiv, 312 p. ISBN 080710583X; OCLC 5171174; LC Call Number F2161 .H7; Dewey 972.9/02. Citations: 22. Holdings: 378. Examines the ways in which the Spanish government defended its possessions in the Indies during the mid-sixteenth century. Finds that the Spaniards were engaged in open naval warfare by 1548 and the government's focus shifted from islands to the Potosi and Zacatecas mines. Describes merchant fleet convoys that emerged between 1564 and 1577. Concludes that Spanish defenses were reasonably effective and were not neglected. AHR 86: 227-28. 999 Ivers, Larry E. British Drums on the Southern Frontier: The Military Colonization of Georgia, 1733-1749. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974. xiii, 274 p. ISBN 0807812110; OCLC 605775; LC Call Number F289 .193; Dewey 975.8/02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 537. Examines "southern frontier politics, Indian diplomacy, and military campaigns from the British colonial viewpoint," as well as "soldiers' personalities, assigned tasks, efficiency, and life on campaign and in garrison." Focuses on James Oglethorpe as soldier, colonial militias, British regulars and Highlanders, Indian scouts, scouting boats, and Mounted Rangers. Describes battles, the boredom in frontier garrisons, and the depressing life of average soldiers. AHR 80: 714-15; JAH 61: 764-65. 1000 Kennett, Lee. The French Forces in America, 1780-1783. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977. xviii, 188 p. ISBN 0837195446; OCLC

254 Books on Early American History and Culture 3186038; LC Call Number E265 .K37; Dewey 973.3/47. Citations: 12. Holdings: 532. Finds that French soldiers and sailors in America came from a representative cross section of the Old Regime military, that they were competent professionals on a mission, and that they did a remarkable job on logistics and securing provisions. AHR S3: 1269; U103: 163. 1001 King, Irving H. George Washington's Coast Guard: Origins of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, 1789-1801. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1978. xi, 229 p. ISBN 0870212222; OCLC 4265442; LC Call Number HJ6645 .K5; Dewey 359.9/7/0973. Citations: 0. Holdings: 218. Finds the origins of the Revenue Cutter Service in Philadelphia customs collector Sharp Delaney's request of Alexander Hamilton for boats. Describes the first cutters, their officers, administration, and activities of the crews. Concludes that the Service was generally successful in collecting duties, reducing smuggling, enforcing quarantines, and improving navigation. JAH 66: 388. 1002 Knox, John. The Siege of Quebec and the Campaigns in North America, 1757-1760. Edited by Brian Connell. Mississauga, Ont.: Pendragon House, 1980. 319 p. ISBN 0887610080; OCLC 6037472; LC Call Number E199 .K764; Dewey 973.2/6. Citations: 2. Holdings: 222. Publishes a heavily edited version of Knox's journal from 1757 to 1760. Describes the campaign up the St. Lawrence (1759), military orders, Quebec and Montreal, and climate and geography. CHR 61: 517. 1003 Kohn, Richard H. Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783-1802. New York: Free Press, 1975. xx, 443 p. ISBN 0029175518; OCLC 1365952; LC Call Number UA23 .K737; Dewey 355.021/3/0973. Citations: 54. Holdings: 1142. Discusses military development in the early republic. Finds that there were two views: nationalists sought professionalization and centralization, while others favored a decentralized militia system. Finds that nationalists wanted a standing army as a symbol of strength and guarantee against upheaval. AHR 81: 964; JAH63: 107; U100: 1545; WMQ 33: 680-82. 1004 Kopperman, Paul E. Braddock at the Monongahela. Pittsburgh, Perm.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977. xxvi, 322 p. ISBN 0822933268; OCLC 2372716; LC Call Number E199 .K77; Dewey 973.2/6. Citations: 4. Holdings: 591. Studies Braddock's defeat on the Monongahela in 1755. Reconciles various accounts of the battle, arguing that Lt. Colonel Thomas Gage, not Braddock, failed to secure the flanks and therefore was the main officer responsible for the disaster. Concludes, though, that "in the final analysis the day was lost, not because one or more officers blundered, but because the regulars panicked." AHR 83: 268; U101: 2277.

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1005 Kuethe, Allan J. Military Reform and Society in New Granada, 17731808. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1978. 234 p. ISBN 0813005701; OCLC 3168861; LC Call Number UA789 .K83; Dewey 355.3/1/0946. Citations: 30. Holdings: 302. Studies the impact of military service and reform in New Granada. Finds that Creoles of interior provinces did not see any particular advantage in army service, but that in the coastal region around Cartagena lower social orders saw it as a way to advance themselves. Considers the Communero Revolt of 1781 and notes that military reform and defense planning occurred in a piecemeal way. AHR 84: 1506-1507. 1006 Leach, Douglas Edward. Arms for Empire: A Military History of the British Colonies in North America 1607-1763. New York: Macmillan, 1973. xiii, 566 p. OCLC 600357; LC Call Number E181 .L436; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 34. Holdings: 782. Provides an overview of American wars through the Seven Years' War. Argues that hostile natives and European rivals immediately created a military culture in the colonies as evidenced by extensive militia laws. Also examines military subordination to civil authority and selective service. JAH 61: 156-57; WMQ 31: 501-503. 1007 Liss, Peggy K. Mexico under Spain, 1521-1556: Society and the Origins of Nationality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975. xvi, 229 p. ISBN 0226484955; OCLC 1176031; LC Call Number F1230 .L76; Dewey 972/.02. Citations: 18. Holdings: 792. Examines Mexico in the quarter century after Cortes defeated the Aztecs. Notes that this period was influenced by military, crusader ideals, as well as by a desire of the military class to win seigniorial estates in America. Argues that the Crown resisted such aspirations and therefore refused to see Indians as serfs on feudal lands. AHR 82: 1373-74; Ethnohistory 22: 68-70; U 100: 2248. 1008 Stevens, S. K., Donald H. Kent and Autumn L. Leonard The Papers of Henry Bouquet. Vol. 1: December 11, 1755-May 31, 1758. Harrisburg, Perm.: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1972. OCLC 945837; LC Call Number F152 .B76; Dewey 973.2/6/0924. Citations: 7. Holdings: 278. Papers cover Bouquet's Dutch military service and early participation in the Seven Years' War in America, focusing on quartering, recruitment, and preparation for the 1758 campaign. AHR 78: 477-78; WMQ 30: 185-86. 1009 Straub, Eberhard. Das Bellum Iustum des Hernan Cortes in Mexico. Koln: Bohlau, 1976. 222 p. ISBN 3412059757; OCLC 2379650; LC Call Number F1230 .C9385; Dewey 972/.02. Citations: 3. Holdings: 43. Explores European "just war" ideas and their application to Cortes's conquest in Mexico. Shows that Cortes sought to justify his actions to people in Spain and that his letters were essentially propaganda pieces portraying himself as a hero.

256 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 82: 223-24. 1010 Stuart, Reginald C. The Half-Way Pacifist: Thomas Jefferson's View of War. Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1978. x, 93 p. ISBN 0802054315; OCLC 3869299; LC Call Number E332.2 .S87; Dewey 327. Citations: 11. Holdings: 360. Discusses the Enlightenment influence on Jefferson's ideas about war, that war should be used only when all peaceful means have been exhausted. Finds that, in practice, Jefferson strayed from these views on occasion, as in frontier warfare and territorial acquisition. Concludes, however, that Jefferson never behaved as a crusader, even though "In Europe the crusading zeal aroused by the revolutionary wars shattered the edifice of limited war." AHR 86: 454; CJH 14: 302-303; JAH66: 636. 1011 Symonds, Craig L. Navalists and Antinavalists: The Naval Policy Debate in the United States, 1785-1827. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1980. 252 p. ISBN 0874131308; OCLC 5029875; LC Call Number VA56 .S85; Dewey 359/.03/0973. Citations: 18. Holdings: 281. Studies naval threats to the fledgling U.S. from Muslim potentates, the Spanish, French, and British, and Caribbean pirates. Notes that these diverse challenges made force design particularly difficult, and turned America toward frigates, stoops, and schooners to protect trade. Finds that Federalist navalists favored a strong navy to deter aggression and protect commerce, while antinavalists argued against systematic defense policy and sought naval action only to defend national rights and protect maritime trade. AHR 86: 206-207; JAH 67: 666. 1012 Thorpe, Frederick J.. Remparts lointains: La politique francaise des travaux publics a Terre-Neuve et a Vile Royale, 1695-1758. 194 p. ISBN 2760350118; OCLC 6900228; LC Call Number F1039.5.L8 T4714; Dewey 971.6/95 19. Citations: 6. Holdings: 57. Examines the financing and construction of fortifications at Placentia, Newfoundland, and Louisbourg. Argues that the fortifications were used to protect French codfishing vessels and were not to be used for offensive purposes. Finds that the French government spent large sums on forts "not only because they served metropolitan interests, but also because they were profitable to the trade of He Royale [Cape Breton]." AHR 88: 219; CHR 62: 533-34. 1013 Trussell, John B. B., Jr. Birthplace of an Army: A Study of the Valley Forge Encampment. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1976. iv, 145 p. OCLC 2650476; LC Call Number E234 .T77; Dewey 974.803 T87b. Citations: 3. Holdings: 475. Argues that the American army was bom at Valley Forge. Describes the campaign before the encampment, difficulties with supply, the weather, medical care, crime and punishment in the ranks, organization and leadership, and soldier pay. Contends that Washington was plagued by circumstances generally beyond his control.

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JAH 64: 1093. 1014 Trussell, John B. B., Jr. The Pennsylvania Line: Regimental Organization and Operations, 1776-1783. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1977. viii, 368 p. OCLC 4188025; LC Call Number E263.P4 T78; Dewey 973.3/44/8. Citations: 4. Holdings: 237. Asserts that too much attention has been paid to larger, better known units. Focuses on organization and operations of Pennsylvania Continental units with particular attention paid to social status and geographical origins of the soldiers. JAH 65: 1097-98. 1015 Webb, Stephen Saunders. The Governors-General: The English Army and the Definition of the Empire, 1569-1681. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1979. xxi, 549 p. ISBN 0807813311; OCLC 3893018; LC Call Number JV1061 .W4; Dewey 325/.31/0941. Citations: 65. Holdings: 617. Explores the relationship between the English army and the development of empire, noting that the commercial motive for expansion has been overemphasized. Emphasizes the military backgrounds of provincial governors in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and concludes that the pattern of "garrison government" was set through developments in Ireland, Jamaica, and Virginia. AHR 86: 589-90; Can Rev Am Stds 14: 279-86; JAH 67: 385; LJ 104: 2570; WMQ 37: 658-61. 1016 Williams, Edward G., ed. Bouquet's March to the Ohio: The Forbes Road: From the Original Manuscript in the William L. Clements Library. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, 1975. x, 158 p. OCLC 2136337; LC Call Number E83.76 .G7; Dewey 973.27. Citations: 2. Holdings: 84. Publishes the 1764 orderly book of Henry Bouquet's forces as they marched into the Ohio country to put down Pontiac's uprising. Covers movement from Carlisle to the staging area at Fort Pitt and includes daily orders and instructions. JAH 63: 390-91. 1017 Woehrmann, Paul. At the Headwaters of the Maumee: A History of the Forts of Fort Wayne. Indianapolis, Ind.: Historical Society, 1971. xv, 306 p. OCLC 157233; LC Call Number F521 .141. Citations: 2. Holdings: 294. Describes French and British activities in the area around Fort Wayne and the fort as an American outpost between 1794 and 1819. Notes its use as a center for Indian acculturation and role in the War of 1812. AHR7S: 159; JAH 58: 1004-1005.

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25 Ideas

1018 Aldridge, A. Owen, ed. The Ibero-American Enlightenment. Urbana : University of Illinois Press, 1971. x, 335 p. ISBN 0252001222; OCLC 128158; LC Call Number B1008.E5 12; Dewey 901.9. Citations: 40. Holdings: 679. Publishes 14 papers, many from a May 1969 conference of the University of Illinois and the Hispanic Society of America. Articles cover the Spanish background of the Enlightenment, its definition, historiography and connections with Jansenism, and developments in both Spanish and English America. AHR 78: 511. 1019 Benson, C. Randolph. Thomas Jefferson as Social Scientist. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1971. 333 p. ISBN 0838677053; OCLC 138984; LC Call Number E332.2 .B4; Dewey 300/.924. Citations: 0. Holdings: 419. Examines Jefferson's views on natural science, economics, politics, law, education, and religion, among other things. Discusses his Enlightenment influence and contends that Jefferson was both a genius and a product of his times. APSR 67: 9S2-S4; JAH 58: 726-27; WMQ 29: 323-24. 1020 Bercovitch, Sacvan. The American Jeremiad. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. xvi, 239 p. ISBN 0299073505; OCLC 4003853; LC Call Number PS362.B43; Dewey 810/.9/38. Citations: 398. Holdings: 1064. Contends that the Puritan jeremiad is an archetypal expression of American exceptionalism developed by the first New England generation. Notes that the jeremiad fuses sacred and secular in a uniquely American way, played an important role in the Revolution, and influenced the development of nineteenthcentury middle-class culture.

260 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 84: 1141-42; Am Lit 51: 421-22; EAL 14: 347-49; JAH 66: 116; New Republic 182 (31 May 80): 36-37; WMQ 36: 620-22. 1021 Bercovitch, Sacvan. The Puritan Origins of the American Self. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975. x, 250 p. ISBN 0300017545; OCLC 1945750; LC Call Number F7 .B48; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 288. Holdings: 1369. Covers Puritanism and the self, the Puritan vision of history, the "elect nation" in New England, hermeneutics and symbolism, the development of the myth of America, and Cotton Mather's life of John Winthrop. Concludes that "the myth of America is the creation of the New England Way." AHR 81: 954; Am Lit 48: 230-31; EAL 11: 211-216; JAH 63: 382-83; Nation 222: 789-90; WMQ 33: 672-74. 1022 Cassara, Ernest. The Enlightenment in America. New York: Twayne, 1975. 208 p. ISBN 0805736751; OCLC 1055645; LC Call Number E162 .C34; Dewey 917.3/03. Citations: 1. Holdings: 529. Discusses interactions of Christian faith and reason, Copemican cosmology, natural rights and the formation of government, "natural religion," and the creation of a public educational system to serve the public. JAH63: 693-94; WMQ 34: 176-77. 1023 Chappelli, Fredi. First Images of America: The Impact of the New World on the Old. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. xxii, 957 p. ISBN 0520030109; OCLC 2185029; LC Call Number E101 .F53; Dewey 970.01. Citations: 0. Holdings: 742. Collects essays on the impact of America on the Old World. Articles cover art, philosophy, literature, history, and geography. AHR 82: 724-26; Hist Today 27: 265-66; JAH65: 121. 1024 Commager, Henry Steele. The Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1977. xiv, 342 p. ISBN 0385116721; OCLC 2654890; LC Call Number E163 .C7; Dewey 973.2. Citations: 53. Holdings: 1924. Finds contrast between the European and American Enlightenments, explaining that Americans lacked intellectual centers of the Old World, but also lacked European distinctions between political and intellectual leadership. Warns that "we take for granted what neither Americans not Europeans took for granted in the eighteenth century; not only have we lost that sense of astonishment and exultation that animated Jefferson's generation, we have almost lost our ability to understand it." AHR 84: 843; U 102: 916; Natl Rev 29: 1123-24; PSQ 93: 113-14. 1025 Davis, Richard Beale. A Colonial Southern Bookshelf: Reading in the Eighteenth Century. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979. x, 140 p. ISBN 0820304506; OCLC 3729882; LC Call Number Z1003.3.S85 D38; Dewey 028/.9. Citations: 24. Holdings: 518.

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Looks at books found in eighteenth-century southern collections and considers their impact on the intellectual milieu of the region. Finds books covering history, politics, law, religion, drama, classical and English literature, popular fiction, and criticism. Argues that Locke's Two Treatises on Government was influential in Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas by the 1730s and that religious works were remarkably varied and included Anglican, Quaker, Puritan and Deistic treatises. Am Lit 52: 137-3S; JAH67: 389; WMQ 37: 350-53. 1026 Davis, Richard Beale. Intellectual Life in the Colonial South, 1585-1763. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1978. 3 vols. ISBN 0870492101; OCLC 2798780; LC Call Number F212. D28; Dewey 975/.01. Citations: 82. Holdings: 974. Discusses exploration, promotion and settlement of the South, the importance of native cultures, the influence of education, books, libraries, printing, reading, religion, science and technology, agriculture, fine arts, politics, and law. Asserts that the Southern mind "did at least as much toward the shaping of the later national mind as did that of New England." AHR 84: 1469-70; AJLH 22: 348-49; Am Lit 50: 674-77; EAL 14: 123-25; JAH 66: 115; WMQ 36: 469. 1027 D'Elia, Donald J. Benjamin Rush: Philosopher of the American Revolution. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical Society, 1974. 113 p. ISBN 0871696452; OCLC 1104407; LC Call Number E302.6.R85 D44; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 3. Holdings: 334. Focuses on Rush's ideas on slavery, education, religion, morality, gender, and the idea of human perfection. Pays less attention to his role as physician and portrays Rush as an enlightened thinker who in many ways was ahead of his time. AHR 81: 963; JAH 62: 974-75; WMQ 32: 533-34. 1028 Eadie, John W. and Meyer Reinhold, eds. Classical Traditions in Early America. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Center for Coordination of Ancient and Modem Studies, University of Michigan, 1976. xvi, 265 p. ISBN 0915932024; OCLC 3007164; LC Call Number E169.1 .C58; Dewey 880.7. Citations: 13. Holdings: 142. Publishes nine essays from a 1975 University of Michigan symposium. Articles cover the influence of classicism on American perceptions of race, on British American Revolutionary War strategy, on American Revolutionary and early national politics, and on language and literature. WMQ 35: 580-82. 1029 Ellis, Joseph J. The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of Connecticut, 1696-1972. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. xii, 292 p. ISBN 0300016158; OCLC 762680; LC Call Number LD1245 1754 .E44; Dewey 283/.092/4. Citations: 7. Holdings: 636. Presents a biography of Johnson, Anglican religious leader, philosopher, and first president of King's College (Columbia University). Discusses the

262 Books on Early American History and Culture influence of the English Enlightenment on Johnson and his alienation from New England culture. Argues that despite Johnson's internal ideological struggles, he fundamentally remained a Puritan. AHR 80: 13S2; JAH 61: 759-60. 1030 Erikson, Erik H. Dimensions of a New Identity: The 1973 Jefferson Lectures in the Humanities. New York: Norton, 1974. 125 p. ISBN 0393055159; OCLC 797894; LC Call Number E332.2 .E74; Dewey 973.4/6/0924. Citations: 56. Holdings: 1159. Takes up Jefferson's personality and foibles, talents, and belief in American "newness" and uniqueness. Argues that Americans must overcome their obsession with newness and concentrate more on Jeffersonian love of humanity. JAH 61: 1091-92; Nation 220 (7 June 75): 697-98; New Republic 170 (8 June 74): 22-23. 1031 Friedman, Lawrence J. Inventors of the Promised Land. New York: Knopf, distributed by Random House, 1975. xviii, 344 p. ISBN 0394472632; OCLC 1177089; LC Call Number E164 .F88; Dewey 973. Citations: 30. Holdings: 540. Argues that early republican patriotism was both sexist, as suggested by the notion of "True American Womanhood," and racist, as revealed by efforts to return blacks to colonies in Africa. Traces the prevalent image of white male supremacy to the Revolutionary generation's ideal of individual and national perfection. AHR 81: 659-60; WMQ 33: 345-46. 1032 Gebhardt, Jiirgen. Die Krise des Amerikanismus: Revolutionare Ordnung und gesellschaftliches Selbstverstandnis in der amerikanischen Republik. Stuttgart: E. Klett, 1976. 337 p. ISBN 3129103600; OCLC 3096793; LC Call Number E169.1 .G37; Dewey 320.5/12/0973. Citations: 3. Holdings: 316. Explains American "civil theology," which involves near deification of the Founding Fathers. Notes that Lincoln presided over the first major crisis of the republic in which this theology was challenged, and concludes that survival of another, future crisis may be more difficult. APSR 73: 850-51; JAH65: 118. 1033 Hatch, Nathan O. The Sacred Cause of Liberty: Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New England. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1977. xi, 197 p. ISBN 0300020929; OCLC 2965935; LC Call Number BR520.H34; Dewey 261.7/0974. Citations: 135. Holdings: 636. Studies "civil millennialism" from the mid-eighteenth century through the early nineteenth century. Notes that it consisted of a combination of civic humanism and Protestant millennialism that originated shortly before the Seven Years' War. Argues that England replaced France as the colonists' object of enmity and, to millennialists, the American victory was expected to bring about a new era. AHR 83: 1085-86; EAL 14: 128-30; JAH 65: 755; WMQ 35: 560-62.

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1034 Hook, Andrew. Scotland and America: A Study of Cultural Relations, 1750-1835. Glasgow: Blackie, 1975. xi, 260 p. ISBN 0216900417; OCLC 1915639; LC Call Number E183.8.G7 H77; Dewey 301.29/73/0411. Citations: 26. Holdings: 232. Examines "the impact upon America of the literary and intellectual movement which distinguished Scotland in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries." Discusses transatlantic connections of writers and thinkers, the American importation and reading of books by Scottish authors, and American travelers' impressions of Scotland. Am Lit 48: 95-96; WMQ 34: 142-43. 1035 Jones, Howard Mumford. Revolution and Romanticism. London: Oxford University Press, 1974. xi, 487 p. ISBN 0196904129; OCLC 16302658; LC Call Number CB411 J66; Dewey 901.933. Citations: 15. Holdings: 1040. Explores "the complex problem of the relationships in art and thought between the New World, more particularly the United States, and the Old." Discusses eighteenth-century culture, society, neoclassicism and the Enlightenment, politics, economics, philosophy, religion, literature, and the arts. Concludes that "there is a frequent connection between the revolutionary spirit and the spirit of romanticism," but "there can be revolution without romanticism and romanticism with revolution." AHR 80: 1046-47; Am Lit46: 582-84; CJH 10: 99-101; WMQ32: 128-30. 1036 Kammen, Michael. People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization. New York: Knopf, 1972. xvii, 316 p. ISBN 0394460774; OCLC 266928; LC Call Number E162 .K2; Dewey 917.3/03. Citations: 92. Holdings: 1649. Rejects the consensus view of American history, arguing instead that America was founded on oppositional ideas. Notes that divisions were already prevalent in England and some were exaggerated in the American environment. AHR 79: 832-34; APSR 68: 1331-32; JAH 62: 653-55; New Republic 167 (4 Nov 72): 32-33; WMQ 30: 491-95. 1037 Leventhal, Herbert. In the Shadow of the Enlightenment: Occultism and Renaissance Science in Eighteenth-Century America. New York: New York University Press, 1976. 330 p. ISBN 0814749658; OCLC 2056345; LC Call Number BF1434.U6 L38; Dewey 133/.0973. Citations: 34. Holdings: 443. Argues that, despite Enlightenment influence, Renaissance ideas about the occult and science persisted in eighteenth-century America, particularly in popular almanacs consumed by lower social orders. Concludes that such Renaissance ideas were modified in America, but not replaced by Enlightenment ideas. AHR S2: 431; JAH 63: 990-91; J Soc Hist 12: 159-67; U101: 1527. 1038 Loveland, Anne C. Emblem of Liberty: The Image of Lafayette in the American Mind. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971. ix, 196 p. ISBN 0807108049; OCLC 206771; LC Call Number E207.L2 L68; Dewey 973.3/0924. Citations: 5. Holdings: 456.

264 Books on Early American History and Culture Looks at the mythic image of Lafayette in American culture, focusing on reactions to Lafayette's tour of the U.S. in 1824 and 1825. Concludes that "Americans made Lafayette their primary exemplar [of virtue]" and saw in him the renewal of the American mission to reform Europe. AHR 79: 848; APSR 68: 282; JAH 59: 133-34; WMQ 29: 503-504. 1039 Lowance, Mason I. The Language of Canaan: Metaphor and Symbol in New England from the Puritans to the Transcendentalists. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980. x, 335 p. ISBN 0674509498; OCLC 5725703; LC Call Number PS243 .L6; Dewey 810/.9/15. Citations: 58. Holdings: 693. Explores Puritan exegesis through allegory and typology. Suggests that allegory is symbolic and liberal, while typology is predictive and conservative, and that both are vital to Puritan epistemology, imagination, and historiography. Focuses on the work of Samuel Mather, Edward Taylor, Cotton Mather, and Joel Barlow. Finds that in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century there was a shift "from a spiritual use of the language of Canaan toward a secular meaning," but that "the continuity of Puritan imagery was not lost." AHR 86: 1144-45; Am Lit 53: 508-510; Can Rev Am Stds 16: 197-203; EAL 14: \2S-30; JAH 68: 108; WMQ 39: 540-42. 1040 May, Henry F. The Enlightenment in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. xix, 419 p. ISBN 0195020189 (hbk.); ISBN 0195023676 (pbk.); OCLC 2400359; LC Call Number E 163 .M39; Dewey 973. Citations: 219. Holdings: 1640. Explores eighteenth-century Americans' navigations between moral certitude and desire for progress and change. Sees the Enlightenment as a European intellectual movement that was essentially superimposed on largely Calvinistic Protestants in America. Finds that American reception of Enlightenment ideas was mixed and depended upon the region. AHR 82: 722-24; Can Rev Am Stds 9: 84-89; CJH 11: 412-14; JAH 64: 420; U 101: 2370; WMQ 34: 314-317. 1041 Powell, J.M. Mirrors of the New World : Images and Image-Makers in the Settlement Process. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1977. 207 p. ISBN 0208016546; OCLC 3758732; LC Call Number E127 .P68; Dewey 970. Citations: 12. Holdings: 360. Emphasizes the importance of human attitudes in geography, comparing settlement in America, Australia, and New Zealand. Considers relations with natives, the idealization of the yeoman farmer, the changing image of wilderness, utopianism, and millennialism. AHR 84: 420-21. 1042 Rayapati, J.P. Rao. Early American Interest in Vedanta: PreEmersonian Interest in Vedic Literature and Vedantic Philosophy. New York: Asia Publishing House, 1973. x, 133 p. ISBN 0210405082; OCLC 763452; LC Call Number B132.V3 R44; Dewey 181/.48. Citations: 3. Holdings: 218. Discusses early American interest in Vedic literature translations, including those of Sir William Jones, and other British and French scholars. Concludes

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that Americans were fascinated by India, but that overall interest in Vedic literature was "of a passing nature." Am Lit 46: 228-29. 1043 Ronan, Charles E. Francisco Javier Clavigero, S.J. (1731-1787): Figure of the Mexican Enlightenment, His Life and Works. Chicago, 111.: Loyola University Press, 1977. xiv, 396 pp. OCLC 3953330; LC Call Number F1225 .C55 R66; Dewey 972. Citations: 5. Holdings: 217. Examines Clavigero's life in Mexico and in Italy after the Jesuit expulsion. Describes his education, admission to Jesuit orders, study of philosophy and theology, work as a missionary to the Indians, and writing of Mexican history. AHR 84: 1207-1208. 1044 Rossiter, Clinton. The American Quest, 1790-1860: An Emerging Nation in Search of Identity, Unity, and Modernity. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. xvi, 396 p. ISBN 0151061106; OCLC 126602; LC Call Number E301 .R68; Dewey 973.4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 1074. Analyzes the early American "frame of mind," focusing on the goals of the new nation, whether or not they were achieved, models and methods of the nation's strivings, and the Civil War. Concludes that successful nationhood required responsible and reliable constitutional procedure, democracy, and individualism. AHR 79: 851-52; WMQ29: 173-76. 1045 Schlereth, Thomas J. The Cosmopolitan Ideal in Enlightenment Thought: Its Form and Function in the Ideas of Franklin, Hume, and Voltaire, 1694-1790. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977. xxv, 230 p. ISBN 0268007209; OCLC 2423402; LC Call Number B802 .S34; Dewey 190/.9/033. Citations: 38. Holdings: 520. Studies cosmopolitanism in Greek and Roman classics and the ideass revival in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Argues that during the Enlightenment the conditions were favorable to culture that transcended national boundaries. WMQ 35: 578-80. 1046 Scott, William B. In Pursuit of Happiness: American Conceptions of Property from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977. xi, 244 p. ISBN 0253329302; OCLC 3001970; LC Call Number HB701 .S36; Dewey 333.3/0973. Citations: 52. Holdings: 669. Examines the idea of property, noting that it included the view that land forms the basis of political power and freedom, that labor improves the land and benefits society, and that the ability to acquire and possess property is paramount. Argues that slavery and industrialization were major factors affecting change in property concepts. AHR 84: 244-45; U102: 2498; Natl Rev 30 (7 Jul 78): 852. 1047 Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press,

266 Books on Early American History and Culture 1973. viii, 670 p. ISBN 0819540552; OCLC 333612; LC Call Number PS88 .S5; Dewey 810/.9. Citations: 446. Holdings: 1591. Analyzes narratives that reveal popular ideas about the frontier wilderness and the people in it. Examines the application of these views to the art of the American Renaissance, notably the Leatherstocking tales, Walden and Moby Dick. Concludes that frontier mythology and heroic figures were central to American identity. AHR 78: 1116-1117; Am Lit 45: 454-56; APSR 69: 705-706; Can Rev Am Stds 7: 102-106;EAL9: 333-36; JAH62: 365-66; WMQ31: 143-46. 1048 Wills, Garry. Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1978. xxvi, 398 p. ISBN 0385089767; OCLC 3630568; LC Call Number E221 .W64; Dewey 973.3/13. Citations: 330. Holdings: 2626. Views the Declaration of Independence as a Congressional and Jeffersonian document and as America's "National Symbol." Argues that Jefferson's original conception of the Declaration was "philosophical in the eighteenth-century sense, that is, scientific," having been written "in the lost language of the Enlightenment." Concludes that the Declaration was influenced more by Francis Hutcheson and the Scottish Enlightenment than by John Locke and that it is based not on the idea of contract, but rather on the notions of benevolence and affection. AHR 84: 530-31; EAL 14: 350-51; JAH 66: 380; J Politics 42: 905-907; U 103: 1275; Nation 228 (31 Mar 79): 342-44; Natl Rev 30 (7 Jul 78): 846-48; New Republic 179 (26 Aug 78): 32-34; WMQ 36: 462-64.

26 Literature

1049 Aderman, Ralph M., ed. The Complete Works of Washington Irving: Letters. Vol. 1: 1802-1823. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1978. ISBN 0805785221; OCLC 4211056; LC Call Number PS2081 .A34; Dewey 818/.2/09. Citations: 3. Holdings: 548. Collects Irving's letters in the first of four volumes. Suggests that letters show that Irving was "a typical representative of the middle-class mentality of nineteenth-century America." Am Lit 52: 127-28. 1050 Anderson, Gillian B., ed. Freedom's Voice in Poetry and Song. Part I: An Inventory of Political and Patriotic Lyrics in Colonial American Newspapers, 1773-1783. Part II: Song Book. Wilmington, Delaware : Scholarly Resources Inc., 1977. xxxiv, 888 p. ISBN 0842021248; OCLC 3508387; LC Call Number M1631 .F73; Dewey 784.7/1. Citations: 5. Holdings: 487. Inventories 1,455 "political and patriotic lyrics" from newspaper issues published between 1775 and 1783. Reprints words and music of a "representative sampling" of 100 items. Lists songs chronologically by newspaper for each state, giving the title, first line, author, and source for each. Provides title, proper name, and first-line indexes. WMQ 36: 147-49. 1051 Cohen, Edward H. Ebenezer Cooke: The Sot-Weed Canon. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1975. x, 125 p. ISBN 0820303461; OCLC 1582312; LC Call Number PS732 .C6; Dewey 811/.1. Citations: 6. Holdings: 399. Examines The Sot-Weed Factor (1708), Cooke's elegies on Thomas Bordley (1726) and Nicholas Lowe (1728), Sotweed Redivivus (1730), The Maryland

268 Books on Early American History and Culture Muse (1731), and elegies on William Lock and Benedict Leonard Calvert (ca. 1732). Am Lit 48: 82-83; WMQ 34: 507-508. 1052 Daly, Robert. God's Altar: The World and the Flesh in Puritan Poetry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. ix, 253 p. ISBN 0520034805; OCLC 4277435; LC Call Number PS312 .D35; Dewey 811/. 1/09. Citations: 31. Holdings: 884. Covers Puritanism and poetry, Anne Bradstreet, Gnosticism and naturalism, and Edward Taylor. Concludes that "American Puritans were not hostile to the art they produced," that "they often used sensuous and sensual language to illustrate spiritual states and religious doctrine; and that they believed symbols capable of bridging the gap between the visible world of creation and its invisible Creator." Am Lit 51: 111-112; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 193-200; EAL 14: 337-39; WMQ 36: 628-29. 1053 Davis, Richard Beale. Literature and Society in Early Virginia, 16081840. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973. xxiv, 332 p. ISBN 0807102156; OCLC 668137; LC Call Number PS266.V5 D3; Dewey 810/.997/55. Citations: 6. Holdings: 654. Collects essays covering obscure gentlemen-scholars, libraries, poets such as Samuel Davies and James Reid, fiction writers like Arthur Blackamore, John Davis, and William Byrd II. Concludes that the intellectual and literary life of Virginia declined after Jefferson's death largely because significant thinkers moved from the local to the national stage. AHR 80: 711; Am Lit 45: 628; WMQ 31: 685-86. 1054 Elliott, Emory, ed. Puritan Influences in American Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979. xx, 212 p. ISBN 0252007336; OCLC 4858047; LC Call Number PS 166 .P8; Dewey 810/.9/3. Citations: 24. Holdings: 763. Collects essays with "a common interest in questions about the relationship of the Puritans to later American literature." Articles cover Milton's and Roger Williams's views on the role of writers in society, natural observation and theological explanations in Anne Bradstreet's longer poems, Edward Taylor's God's Determinations, the idealism of Jonathan Edwards, Puritan influence of Revolutionary Whig rhetoric, Hawthorne's Marble Faun, Thoreau's travel journals, Melville's Clarel, and familial images in Emily Dickinson's poems. Am Lit 52: 506-508; EAL 16: 175-86. 1055 Emerson, Everett, ed. American Literature, 1764-1789: The Revolutionary Years. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. xvi, 301 p. ISBN 0299072703; OCLC 2542053; LC Call Number PS193 .A4; Dewey 810/.9/001. Citations: 33. Holdings: 1086. Essays take up the cultural context of the American Revolution, patriot pamphleteers, Thomas Paine and the loyalists' replies, preachers, the theater and drama, Benjamin Franklin, Philip Freneau, Francis Hopkinson, and Thomas Jefferson, African-American writers, travel narratives of Carver, Bartram, and

Literature 269 Woolman, Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, the "Connecticut wits," and The Federalist. Am Lit 49: 458-60; U102: 496; WMQ 35: 409-411. 1056 Emerson, Everett H. Captain John Smith. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1971. 143 p. ISBN 0805706763; OCLC 210473; LC Call Number F229 .E4; Dewey 973.2/1/0924. Citations: 7. Holdings: 1394. Focuses on Smith's writings. Identifies works attributed to Smith and places them in historical context. Describes Smith's role in The General History, his work as a historian and autobiographer, and his writings on New England. JAH 59: 398-99. 1057 Emerson, Everett, ed. Major Writers of Early American Literature. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972. 301 p. ISBN 0299061906; OCLC 554604; LC Call Number PS185 .E4. Dewey 810.9 E53m. Citations: 37. Holdings: 1691. Articles cover William Bradford, Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Cotton Mather, William Byrd, Jonathan Edwards, Benjamin Franklin, Philip Freneau, and Charles Brockden Brown. AHR 80: 1380; Am Lit 45: 453-54; EAL 8: 80-85; JAH 60: 777-78; WMQ 30: 667-69. 1058 Franklin, Wayne. Discoverers, Explorers, Settlers: The Diligent Writers of Early America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. xiii, 252 p. ISBN 0226260712; OCLC 4804634; LC Call Number E141 .F7; Dewey 970/.01. Citations: 59. Holdings: 706. Places early travel books in three categories: discovery, exploration, and settlement. Examines language in the work of Thomas Harriot, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, John and William Barrram, and Thomas Jefferson. Concludes that "from the start language and event in America have been linked almost preternaturally to each other." AHR 85: 969-70; Am Lit 52: 310-312; Can Rev Am Stds 12: 301-311; EAL 15: 87-89; JAH 67: 899; WMQ 38: 509-514. 1059 Granger, Bruce. American Essay Serials from Franklin to Irving. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1978. ix, 277 p. ISBN 0870492217; OCLC 3729519; LC Call Number PS426 .G7; Dewey 814/.1/05. Citations: 10. Holdings: 563. Examines the literary essay genre from its appearance in the New-England Courant (1721) through the early republic in Boston, Philadelphia and the South. Discusses the contributions of Trumbull, Freneau, Dennie, Judith Sargent Murray, William Wirt, and Irving. Am Lit 52: 683; EAL 14: 130-31; WMQ 36: 643-46. 1060 Havens, Daniel F. The Columbian Muse of Comedy: The Development of a Native Tradition in Early American Social Comedy, 1787-1845. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1973. 181 p. ISBN 0809306093; OCLC

270 Books on Early American History and Culture 605762; LC Call Number PS336.C7 H37; Dewey 812/.052. Citations: 5. Holdings: 454. Examines 14 representative American social comedies published between 1787 and 1845. Describes and evaluates them in historical context. Focuses on Royall Tyler's The Contrast (1787), William Dunlap's The Father (1789), James Nelson Barker's Tears and Smiles (1808), Robert Montgomery Bird's The City Looking Glass (1828), Anna Cora Mo watt's Fashion (1845), and nine other "minor comedies." Am Lit 46: 109-110; JAH 62: 116-117; WMQ 32: 537-39. 1061 Hirsch, David H. Reality and Idea in the Early American Novel. The Hague: Mouton, 1971. 221 pp. OCLC 306983; LC Call Number PS371.H5; Dewey813/.03. Citations: 6. Holdings: 366. Discusses novels by Brackenridge, Brown, Cooper, Hawthorne, and Melville. Concludes that "The serious American writers who composed novels were deeply concerned with the relation of the human form to ideas of revolution and order, republicanism and monarchy, and their interest in these ideas inevitably found its way into their fiction." Am Lit 44: 4S3. 1062 Kenney, W. Howland, ed. Laughter in the Wilderness: Early American Humor to 1783. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1976. ix, 236 p. ISBN 0873381858; OCLC 2201972; LC Call Number PS530 .L35; Dewey 817/.1/08. Citations: 4. Holdings: 763. Selects examples of early American humor from travel accounts, newspapers, pamphlets, poems, and plays. Includes a background introduction, and sections on New England, southern, democratic, and Revolutionary satirical humor. Am Lit 48: 617; EAL 12: 86-88; JAH 64: 127; U102: 496; WMQ 34: 682-84. 1063 Leary, Lewis, ed. The Complete Published Poems of Nathaniel Tucker Together with Columbinus: A Mask. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1973. 176 p. ISBN 082011121X; OCLC 677534; LC Call Number PR3736.T784; Dewey 811. Citations: 3. Holdings: 165. Publishes all known poems of Tucker (1750-1807). Includes Columbinus A Mask (1783), The Bermudian (1774), and The Anchoret (1776). Presents a brief biography of Tucker and a bibliography. Am Lit 46: 227-28. 1064 Leder, Lawrence H., ed. The Colonial Legacy. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. 2 vols. ISBN 006136052X; OCLC 588676; LC Call Number E277 .L434; Dewey 973.3/07/2022. Citations: 9. Holdings: 157. Presents eighteen essays on writers like William Douglass, Alexander Howat, Jonathan Boucher, Joseph Galloway, Robert Proud, Thomas Clap, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Smith, Mercy Otis Warren, Archibald Kennedy, and William Livingston. AHR 79: 572; AHR 80: 1391; JAH 60: 105-106; WMQ 29: 666-69; WMQ 32: 356-58.

Literature 271 1065 Lemay, J.A. Leo, ed. Essays in Early Virginia Literature Honoring Richard Beale Davis. New York: B. Franklin, 1977. xviii, 282 p. ISBN 0891020675; OCLC 2681029; LC Call Number PS266.V5 E8; Dewey 810/.99755. Citations: 17. Holdings: 283. Includes essays on Samuel Davies, Arthur Lee, St. George Tucker, William Wirt, John Camm, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Hariot, John White, Samuel Purchas, Henry Norwood, Robert Beverly, William Byrd, and Captain John Smith. WMQ 37: 348-50. 1066 Lemay, J. A. Leo. Men of Letters in Colonial Maryland. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1972. xvi, 407 p. ISBN 0870491377; OCLC 541001; LC Call Number PS266.M3 L4; Dewey 810/.9/001. Citations: 37. Holdings: 538. Discusses ten Maryland writers and thinkers, such as Ebenezer Cooke, Dr. Alexander Hamilton, and Richard Lewis. Argues that men of letters in Maryland did a fairly good job of keeping up with intellectual currents in England and adapting them for colonial consumption. AHR 78: 1119-1120; Am Lit 45: 302-303; JAH 60: 778-79; WMQ 30: 665-67. 1067 Lemay, J. A. Leo, ed. The Oldest Revolutionary: Essays on Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1976. x, 165 p. ISBN 0812277074; OCLC 2138919; LC Call Number PS752 .04; Dewey 973.3/092/4. Citations: 29. Holdings: 776. Includes essays on Franklin as printer, press agent, and traveler, Franklin in England, Franklin and the travel-writing tradition, Puritan harmonics in Franklin's Autobiography, Franklin's Poor Richard's almanacs, the text, rhetorical strategies, and themes of "The Speech of Miss Polly Baker," Franklin's sanity, and literature from Franklin to Emerson. Am Lit 48: 432; EAL 11: 216-19; JAH 63: 994-95; WMQ 34: 684-85. 1068 Leverenz, David. The Language of Puritan Feeling: An Exploration in Literature, Psychology, and Social History. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1980. xi, 346 p. ISBN 0813508827; OCLC 5219117; LC Call Number F7 .L5; Dewey 301.29/74. Citations: 56. Holdings: 505. Examines texts of early New England ministers, including Thomas Hooker, John Cotton, Thomas Shepard, Increase Mather, and Samuel Willard, with a focus on masculinity in Puritanism. Contends that "unconscious ambivalence about the father's authority, and a broader weakening of traditional norms for male identity helped energize the Puritan vision." Notes that most Puritan fathers were viewed as weak by their sons and that the near obsession with patriarchal authority was, in effect, fantasy. AHR 86: 198-99; Am Lit 52: 508-509; EAL 16: 198-200; J Soc Hist 14: 780-82; WMQ 37: 665-67. 1069 Nolan, Charles F., Jr. Aaron Burr and the American Literary Imagination. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980. xiv, 210 p. ISBN

272 Books on Early American History and Culture 0313212562; OCLC 5353725; LC Call Number PS169.B85 N6; Dewey 810/.8/0351. Citations: 7. Holdings: 368. Reviews popular images of Aaron Burr in 82 plays, stories, and novels published since Burr's death in 1836. Discusses controversies, Burr's treatment in the press, his life in drama and fiction, and links between Burr and "the darker side of American life." Sees Burr as an "American symbol" who revealed "some of American society's deepest fears." AHR 86: 202; Am Lit 53: 338-39; EAL 15: 283-84; JAH67: 911. 1070 Petter, Henri. The Early American Novel. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 1971. xiii, 500 p. ISBN 0814201458; OCLC 136767; LC Call Number PS375.P4; Dewey 813/.03. Citations: 36. Holdings: 1165. Describes about 90 early American novels published between 1789 and 1820 in an effort to "prepare the ground for an adequate appreciation of the comparative achievements among the contemporary and the later fiction in America." Considers morals, taboos, didactics, satire, polemics, love stories, and adventure novels. Am Lit 43: 485-86; WMQ 30: 516-518. 1071 Santraud, Jeanne-Marie. La mer et le roman americain dans la premiere moitie du dix-neuvieme siecle. Paris: Didier 1972. 458 p. OCLC 549731; LC Call Number PS217.S4S2; Dewey 811.3. Citations: 2. Holdings: 82. Asserts that the sea was crucial to the development and identity of early America and that by the end of the eighteenth century had a key place in American literature. Focuses on the work of James Fenimore Cooper, especially The Pilot, The Red Rover, The Water-Witch, Two Years Before the Mast, and The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, as well as Melville's Typee and Moby Dick. Am Lit 45: 456-57. 1072 Sappenfield, James A. A Sweet Instruction: Franklin's Journalism as a Literary Apprenticeship. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1973. xiv, 230 p. ISBN 0809306107; OCLC 628376; LC Call Number E302.6.F8 S33; Dewey 808. Citations: 6. Holdings: 488. Explores Franklin's early journalistic writings in Boston and Philadelphia, arguing that this thirty-five-year "apprenticeship" served him well in the writing of his Autobiography. EAL 9: 204-205; WMQ 31: 522-24. 1073 Seelye, John. Prophetic Waters: The River in Early American Life and Literature, 1582-1730. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. ix, 423 p. ISBN 0195020472; OCLC 2776122; LC Call Number PS195.R55 S4; Dewey 810.9/321693 20. Citations: 24. Holdings: 916. Argues that the literature of Virginia is equal in quality to Puritan literature. Discusses histories, poetry, and narratives, concluding that the environment largely shaped the literary response of early American writers. Am Lit 50: 137-38; U102: 497; Nation 224: 727-29; WMQ 35: 568-70.

Literature 273 1074 Stanford, Ann. Anne Bradstreet, the Worldly Puritan: An Introduction to Her Poetry. New York: B. Franklin, 1974. xiv, 170 p. ISBN 0891020306; OCLC 2191991; LC Call Number PS712 .S8; Dewey 811/.1. Citations: 22. Holdings: 589. Analyzes Bradstreet's poetry, dividing poems into "Ipswich poems" and "Andover poems." Argues that Bradstreet's poetry was informed by a continuous inner conflict between the strictures of Puritanism and her own feelings. Concludes then, that her poems typically include "a statement of belief and a counter-current of emotional disagreement running against it." Am Lit 4S: 383-84; EAL 11: 220-22; WMQ 33: 696-98. 1075 Steele, Colin. English Interpreters of the Iberian New World from Purchas to Stevens: A Bibliographical Study, 1603-1726. Oxford, UK: Dolphin Book Co., 1975. 206 p. ISBN 8439927789; OCLC 1394510; LC Call Number E141 .S82; Dewey 980/.01. Citations: 1. Holdings: 166. Deals with Spanish and Portuguese works translated into English, including New World travel literature, and information on missions, geography, and politics. AHR 82: 779. 1076 Tichi, Cecelia. New World, New Earth: Environmental Reform in American Literature from the Puritans through Whitman, xii, 290 p. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979. xii, 290 p. ISBN 0300022875; OCLC 4076351; LC Call Number PS169.E25 T5; Dewey 810/.9/36. Citations: 61. Holdings: 824. Explores early American attitudes toward the environment, tracing them to millennial expectations to reform and redeem the land as part of the divinely ordained New World mission. Analyzes such ideas in the writings of Edward Johnson, Joel Barlow, Walt Whitman, George Bancroft, and Henry David Thoreau. AHR 85: 456; Am Lit 51: 567-68; Can Rev Am Stds 11: 193-200; EAL 14: 24546; JAH 69: 952; U104: 404; WMQ 37: 504-506. 1077 Vitzthum, Richard C. Land and Sea: The Lyric Poetry of Philip Freneau. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1978. 197 p. ISBN 0816608601; OCLC 4005073; LC Call Number PS759 .V5; Dewey 811.2. Citations: 7. Holdings: 396. Contends that Freneau's "search for the meaning of life was much more coherent, purposeful, and ultimately self-satisfying than has heretofore been suggested" and that "this search was conducted at an intensely private level almost wholly distinct from Freneau's public concerns." Argues that the approximately 100 poems written by Freneau in 50 years represent his "intellectual and emotional evolution from youth to old age." Am Lit 52: 667-68; Can Rev Stds 16: 197-203; EAL 14: 238-39. 1078 Westbrook, Perry D. William Bradford. Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, 1978. 172 p. ISBN 080577243X; OCLC 3770846; LC Call Number PS708.B7 Z94; Dewey 818/.1/09. Citations: 4. Holdings: 782.

274 Books on Early American History and Culture Focuses on Bradford's work as a writer and historian, analyzing his prose style and explaining the social and intellectual environment in which he wrote. Argues that Bradford was surprisingly balanced and humanistic in his writings, and occasionally "does not even hint at . . . a providential origin of the calamities he records." AHR 84: 1139-40; EAL 14: 243-44. 1079 White, Elizabeth Wade. Anne Bradstreet, The 'Tenth Muse. " New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. xvi, 410 p. ISBN 0195014405; OCLC 211896; LC Call Number PS712 .W54; Dewey 81 l/.l. Citations: 20. Holdings: 814. Presents a biography of Bradstreet, focusing on her development as a poet and early intellectual and creative influences on her. Concludes that "it is as a human being, however, that she can still appeal to us over the centuries." Am Lit 44: 154-55; EAL 9: 19-26; WMQ 29: 662-63. 1080 Zall, Paul M., ed. Comical Spirit of Seventy-Six: The Humor of Francis Hopkinson. San Marino, Calif: Huntington Library, 1976. ix, 207 p. ISBN 0873280679; OCLC 2182982; LC Call Number PS775 .C6; Dewey 818/. 1/07 Citations: 3. Holdings: 315. Prints 26 humorous pieces by Hopkinson published between 1774 and 1788. Includes introductions, notes, and a biography of Hopkinson. Am Lit 49: 141; EAL 12: 86-88; WMQ 34: 347-48.

27 Communication

1081 Bailyn, Bernard and John B. Hench, eds. The Press and the American Revolution. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1980. 383 p. ISBN 0912296186; OCLC 6239628; LC Call Number PN4861 .P7; Dewey 071.3. Citations: 0. Holdings: 1088. Papers examine printers and the American Revolution, freedom of the press and libertarianism in Revolutionary America, the role of the newspaper press in the Southern colonies on the eve of the Revolution, the colonial German-language press, the loyalist press, British correspondence in the colonial press in the twelve years prior to the American Revolution, statistics on American printing during the Revolutionary era, and the legacy of the press in the America Revolution. Am Lit 52: 516; JAH 67: 905; U105: 1628; WMQ 38: 320-22. 1082 Bond, Donovan H. and W. Reynolds McLeod, eds. Newsletters to Newspapers: Eighteenth-Century Journalism: Papers Presented at a Bicentennial Symposium, at West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, March 31-April 2, 1976. Morgantown: School of Journalism, West Virginia University, 1977. x, 318 p. ISBN 0930362004; OCLC 3650894; LC Call Number PN4861 .N4; Dewey 070/.9. Citations: 0. Holdings: 268. Includes essays on newsletters in England between 1689 and 1715, with emphasis on John Dyer, the journalist Richard Steele, Steele's "Tatler," Swift's "Conduct of the Allies," Boston press coverage of Anglo-Massachusetts militancy in the 1730s, Franklin's "Silence Dogood," journalist Samuel Johnson, the "ladies magazine" and the history of the eighteenth-century Englishwoman, non-indigenous influences on Benjamin Franklin's journalism, Ann Franklin, Rhode Island's woman printer, the press and post office in eighteenth-century America, the impact of the Stamp Act on the colonial press, Samuel Paterson

276 Books on Early American History and Culture and "The Templar," the British press on the American Rebellion, the role of editorial writers in encouraging the Revolution, the work of James Rivington, the history of free press theory, freedom of expression in eighteenth-century Connecticut, journalism in Philadelphia between 1764 and 1794, commercial speech in the eighteenth century, Freneau, Jefferson, Genet and the partisan press, and Noah Webster's work as a journalist between 1783 and 1803. AHR 83: 6S7-SS; JAH65: 428. 1083 Gaines, Pierce W. William Cobbett and the United States, 1792-1835: A Bibliography with Notes and Extracts. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1971. xxi, 249 p. ISBN 0912296003; OCLC 258548; LC Call Number Z8177 .G34; Dewey 016.94207/3/0924. Citations: 4. Holdings: 259. Lists and describes works by and about Cobbett. Includes items sometimes attributed to Cobbett, a bibliography of secondary works, and name index. Am Lit 44: 344; U107: 1092; WMQ 32: 351-53. 1084 Heath, Shirley Brice. Telling Tongues: Language Policy in Mexico, Colony to Nation. New York: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1972. xx, 300 p. ISBN 0807715085; OCLC 427412; LC Call Number PM3009.H4; Dewey 301.2/1. Citations: 30. Holdings: 421. Examines language policies of New Spain and Mexico from the Franciscan missionaries through independence, noting in general terms that language is important to a nation's sociopolitical structure. Suggests that efforts to enforce a uniform language were elitist and reactionary. AHR 80: 199-200; APSR 68: 821-22. 1085 Morgan, John S. Noah Webster. New York: Mason/Charter, 1975. vii, 216 p. ISBN 0884051080; OCLC 1230748; LC Call Number PE64.W5 M67; Dewey 423/.092/4 B. Citations: 5. Holdings: 564. Focuses on Webster's careers as Revolutionary, educator, and lexicographer. Contends that Webster's work in language was vital to the development of distinct American culture and that he was the "father of copyright." Am Lit 48: 232-33; U100: 1119; WMQ 33: 711-712. 1086 Pred, Allan R. Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973. xiv, 348 p. ISBN 0674930908; OCLC 854196; LC Call Number HT123.P7; Dewey 301.36/3/0973. Citations: 122. Holdings: 561. Explores the impact of the flow of information on commerce and urban development. Explains the rise of New York in terms of its proximity to communications networks in both Europe and America. AHR 80: 494; Econ Hist Rev 28: 744-46. 1087 Tebbel, John. A History of Book Publishing in the United States: Vol. 1: The Creation of an Industry, 1630-1865. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1972. ISBN 0835204898; OCLC 354115; LC Call Number Z473 .T42; Dewey 070.5/0973. Citations: 68. Holdings: 1264.

Communication 277 Provides English background of book publishing, eighteenth-century developments in America, economics of and specialization in the book trade, and the rise of modem publishing in the nineteenth century. JAH 62: 662-63.

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28 Education

1088 Axtell, James. The School upon a Hill: Education and Society in Colonial New England. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1974. xxi, 298 p. ISBN 0300017235; OCLC 1094786; LC Call Number LA230.5.N4 A95; Dewey 370/.974. Citations: 40. Holdings: 745. Discusses catechism, children and childbearing, the choosing of a "calling," apprenticeship training, teaching children their social "place," the use of schools for social control, living in colleges, and lessons learned from Indians. Argues that by the middle of the eighteenth century, New England's ideal and operational values were in conflict. AHR 81: 440-41; JAH 62: 106-107; WMQ 32: 342-44. 1089 Calhoun, Daniel. The Intelligence of a People. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973. xix, 408 p. ISBN 0691046190; OCLC 740784; LC Call Number BF431 .C256; Dewey 153.9/2/09747. Citations: 43. Holdings: 617. Examines schooling in New York between 1750 and 1870, particularly pedagogy, the teaching profession, the roles of parents and members of the public, and the practical outcomes of schooling in preaching, bridge building, and shipbuilding. Argues that, by the late nineteenth century schools were developing verbal and spatial skills in students, but neglecting the analytic and quantitative skills. WMQ 31: 496-98. 1090 Cremin, Lawrence A. American Education: The National Experience, 1783-1876. New York: Harper and Row, 1980. xii, 607 p. ISBN 0060109122; OCLC 6014953; LC Call Number LA215 .C74; Dewey 370/.973. Citations: 128. Holdings: 1415.

280 Books on Early American History and Culture Studies the development of American education in both formal (schools) and informal (voluntary associations and churches) channels. Argues that American education succeeded in popularization and accessibility of education and concludes that "the trend toward liberating literacy was the most fundamental outcome of the American system of popular education during the first century of national life." AHR 86: 205-206; AtlMonth 246 (Nov 80): 9S;JAH 68: 125;ZJ105: 1511. 1091 Godbout, Arthur. L'Origine des ecoles francaises dans VOntario. Ottawa: Editions de l'Universite d'Ottawa, 1972. xvi, 183 p. OCLC 1372006; LC Call Number LA418.06 G62; Dewey 370/.9713. Citations: 1. Holdings: 55. Studies French language schools in Upper Canada, examining French Canadians in society, linguistic accommodation by the British, Jay's Treaty, and the War of 1812. Concludes that early on such schools enjoyed public approval and government support. CHR 55: 322-23. 1092 Humphrey, David C. From King's College to Columbia, 1746-1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. x, 413 p. ISBN 0231039425; OCLC 1959596; LC Call Number LD1249 .H85; Dewey 378.747/1. Citations: 12. Holdings: 516. Points out that religious diversity prevented King's from becoming an Anglican college and that its urban environment made student residences unnecessary and, from its governors' perspectives, undesirable. Notes that the institution served the economic and social elites almost exclusively, a fact that is reflected in the composition of its early alumni. AHRS2: 172-73; JAH63: 992-93; WMQ34: 143-45. 1093 Jones, Thomas Firth. A Pair of Lawn Sleeves: A Biography of William Smith (1727-1803). Philadelphia, Perm.: Chilton Book Co., 1972. 210 p. ISBN 0801956536; OCLC 277885; LC Call Number LD4525 1755 J6; Dewey 378.1/11/0924 B. Citations: 1. Holdings: 306. Studies Smith, provost of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, church leader and political commentator. Presents a negative view of Smith, stressing his occasional drunkenness, stubbornness, and financial difficulties. AHR7S: 152. 1094 Kaestle, Carl F. The Evolution of an Urban School System: New York City, 1750-1850. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973. xiv, 205 p. ISBN 0674271750; OCLC 698262; LC Call Number LC5133.N4 K32; Dewey 370.19/348/097471. Citations: 62. Holdings: 569. Traces the development of education in New York City from private and informal in the mid-eighteenth century to public and "modem" by 1850. Notes that schooling excluded occupational training (the domain of apprenticeship) and moral education (left to homes and churches). Discusses the impact of immigration on the schools and the role of social class. AHR 79: 845-46; JAH 61: 162-63; J Urban Hist 1: 116-22.

Education

281

1095 Laugher, Charles T. Thomas Bray's Grand Design: Libraries of the Church of England in America, 1695-1785. Chicago: American Library Association, 1973. x, 115 p. ISBN 0838901514; OCLC 714253; LC Call Number Z674.A75; Dewey 021/.00973. Citations: 6. Holdings: 576. Notes the activities of Bray, who established six provincial libraries, 39 parochial libraries, and at least 35 layman's libraries. Examines Bray's broad plan for libraries in America, the resistance to his plans, and difficulties with funding and maintaining libraries. WMQ 32: 155-57. 1096 Lovett, Robert W., ed. Documents from the Harvard University Archives, 1638-1750. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1975. xxix, 855 p. OCLC 1958690; LC Call Number F61 .C71; Dewey 974.4/02/08 s 378.744/4. Citations: 1. Holdings: 62. Provides documents from the archives, which reveal some information about Harvard's students and faculty, governance and finance, the library, and bequests from Thomas Hollis, Sr. AHRS2: 171-72. 1097 Madsen, David. Early National Education: 1776-1830. New York: Wiley, 1974. vii, 162 p. ISBN 0471563269 (hbk.); ISBN 0471563277 (pbk.); OCLC 797858; LC Call Number LA808 .M33; Dewey 370/.973. Citations: 2. Holdings: 444. Considers informal and formal education against the background of early U.S. politics and culture. Finds that the primarily agrarian society favored voluntary, local education over a national system. AHR 81: 666-67. 1098 McLachlan, James. Princetonians, 1748-1768: A Biographical Dictionary. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976. xxviii, 706 p. ISBN 0691046395; OCLC 2615661; LC Call Number LD4601 .M32; Dewey 378.749/67. Citations: 18. Holdings: 274. Provides biographies for 338 Princeton graduates, most of whom came from New England and the Middle Colonies. Notes that 158 were clergymen, while 93 were lawyers or physicians and that, on the whole, a higher percentage became Revolutionaries than did Harvard graduates. WMQ 35: 595-96. 1099 Nissenbaum, Stephen, ed. The Great Awakening at Yale College. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Publishing, 1972. xii, 263 p. ISBN 0534001017; OCLC 315133; LC Call Number BR520 .N73; Dewey 277.46/8. Citations: 2. Holdings: 202. Collects documents relevant to the Great Awakening at Yale in the 1740s. Includes an introduction, sermons, diaries, letters, newspaper accounts, church records, government proceedings, the records of the Yale trustees, and an autobiography. WMQ 30: 530-31.

282 Books on Early American History and Culture 1100 Novak, Steven J. The Rights of Youth: American Colleges and Student Revolt, 1798-1815. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977. vii, 218 p. ISBN 0674770161; OCLC 2463478; LC Call Number LA229 .N68; Dewey 371.8/1. Citations: 8. Holdings: 681. Studies accounts of student rebellions at Harvard, Princeton, North Carolina, Virginia, William and Mary, Yale, and Dartmouth in the early national period. Finds that these movements "contained virtually no ideology," but rather arose because the post-Revolutionary generation "needed a cause which would prove their manhood and establish their identity." AHR 83: 272; JAH 64: 1100; J Soc Hist 11: 432-34; U 102: 1275; WMQ 36: 149-51. 1101 Reinhold, Meyer, ed. The Classick Pages: Classical Reading of Eighteenth-Century Americans. University Park.: Pennsylvania State University, 1975. xvii, 231 p. OCLC 1218380; LC Call Number PA3621 .R44; Dewey 880/.08. Citations: 9. Holdings: 239. Presents essays that celebrate "the role of the Classics in the formation of our national traditions." Finds that "the Founding Fathers were beneficiaries of a Classical Education, and that many were steeped in Classical learning." WMQ 33: 177-79. 1102 Schultz, Stanley K. The Culture Factory: Boston Public Schools, 17891860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973. xvi, 394 p. OCLC 691709; LC Call Number LA306.B7 S3; Dewey 370/.9744/61. Citations: 52. Holdings: 630. Traces the development of Boston elementary schools from their origins, to the influence of society and immigration, through the development of administrative machinery to the enacting of compulsory attendance. Takes up issues like segregation, racism, socioeconomic factors in schooling, and moral education. AHR79: 1255-56; JAH 61: 163-64. 1103 Shipton, Clifford K. Sibley's Harvard Graduates. Vol. 16: Biographical Sketches of Those who Attended Harvard College in the Classes 1764-1767. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1972. 598 p. OCLC 924744; LC Call Number LD2139 .S5 v.16; Dewey 378.744. Citations: 3. Holdings: 7. Presents sketches of 197 Harvard graduates, almost all of whom were from New England, one-third of whom became ministers, 20 percent merchants, 16 percent physicians, 12 percent lawyers, and 11 percent educators. AHR7S: 1122-1123; WMQ33: 674-77. 1104 Shipton, Clifford K. Sibley's Harvard Graduates. Vol. 17: Biographical Sketches of Those who Attended Harvard College in the Classes 1768-1771. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1975. 724 p. OCLC 2273978; LC Call Number LD2139 .S5; Dewey 378.744. Citations: 7. Holdings: 7. Presents sketches of 192 Harvard graduates, one-third of whom entered the ministry, one-sixth law, and another one-sixth medicine. AHR 81: 1220-1221.

Education

283

1105 Sloan, Douglas, ed. The Great Awakening and American Education: A Documentary History. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1973. x, 270 p. OCLC 693423; LC Call Number LA205 .S57; Dewey 370/.973. Citations: 4. Holdings: 613. Collects documents on ministerial education, the purposes of higher education, self-education, and philosophical debates on discovering "truth." Includes introductory notes and concludes that "no attempt at an adequate understanding of colonial education can avoid a careful appraisal of the broad cultural and social impact of the Great Awakening." JAH 61: 161-62. 1106 Sloan, Douglas. The Scottish Enlightenment and the American College Ideal. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1971. xi, 298 p. OCLC 134459; LC Call Number LA226 .S58; Dewey 378.73. Citations: 49. Holdings: 535. Studies the "thoughts and careers of representative individual educators who were related to the [Presbyterian] academy and early Princeton traditions." Focuses on the Scottish Enlightenment background, Francis Alison, and John Witherspoon. Concludes that Scottish universities and intellectuals heavily influenced eighteenth-century American higher education. AHR 77: \500-\50\; JAH58: 719-20; WMQ29: 189-91. 1107 Smith, Murphy D. Oak from an Acorn: A History of the American Philosophical Society Library, 1770-1803. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1976. xv, 291 p. ISBN 0842020764; OCLC 3019856; LC Call Number Z733.A4693 S54; Dewey 027/.2/74811. Citations: 3. Holdings: 133. Describes the Library's acquisition process from its founding in October 1770 to the appointment of the first librarian in March 1803 and lists those acquisitions alphabetically. AHR S4: 1148-49; JAH 65: 145. 1108 Warch, Richard. School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701-1740. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1973. xii, 339 p. ISBN 0300016050; OCLC 707504; LC Call Number LD6335 .W34; Dewey 378.746/8. Citations: 16. Holdings: 486. Discusses the founding and early development of Yale, arguing that fear of Anglicanism and well-known apostasies of Timothy Cutler and Samuel Johnson drove the college farther into the camp of the Reformed tradition, especially under the rectorship of Elisha Williams. AHR SO: 4S5; JAH 61: 160-61; WMQ 31: 314-19. 1109 Whitehead, John S. The Separation of College and State: Columbia, Dartmouth, Harvard, and Yale, 1776-1876. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1973. x, 262 p. ISBN 0300016069; OCLC 737246; LC Call Number LC173 .W53; Dewey 379. Citations: 17. Holdings: 621. Discusses relationships between government and the four colonial colleges after independence. Argues that no public-private distinction existed in American higher education before the end of the nineteenth century. Finds that through

284 Books on Early American History and Culture roughly 1820 informal alliances with state governments existed, but that these arrangements dissolved by mid-century because of increased educational competition and changing societal needs. AHR 79: 1626-27. 1110 Wolf, Edwin. The Library of James Logan of Philadelphia, 1674-1751. Philadelphia, Penn.: Library Company of Philadelphia, 1974. Ivii, 578 p. ISBN 0914076515; OCLC 2296132; LC Call Number Z997 .L825; Dewey 019/. 1 Citations: 10. Holdings: 158. Describes the development of Logan's library from the early eighteenth century until his death in 1751. Provides an annotated list of 2,184 books known to have been owned by Logan, arranged alphabetically by author. Characterizes Logan as "a bookman extraordinary." WMQ 33: 176-77.

29 Science, Medicine, and Technology

1111 Bedini, Silvio A. The Life of Benjamin Banneker. New York: Scribner, 1971. xvii, 434 p. ISBN 0684125749; OCLC 241422; LC Call Number QB36 .B22 B4; Dewey 520/.92/4. Citations: 13. Holdings: 1537. Presents a biography of Banneker, early American black scientist known for his Chesapeake Bay almanacs and exchanges with Thomas Jefferson. Notes that Banneker was curious about weather, agriculture, and mathematics, and that he was solitary and modest. AHR 78: 729-30; JAH 59: 696-98. 1112 Bedini, Silvio A. Thinkers and Tinkers: Early American Men of Science. New York: Scribner, 1975. xix, 520 p. ISBN 0684142686; OCLC 1194860; LC Call Number Q127.U6B33; Dewey 509/.73. Citations: 15. Holdings: 1070. Examines the "practitioner" movement in the United States and its role in the foundation of nineteenth-century science and technology. Includes a glossary of mechanical and technical terms, illustrations, and a bibliography. AHR 81: 952-53; JAH 63: 385-86; U100: 1640. 1113 Bell, Whitfield J., Jr. The Colonial Physician and Other Essays. New York: Science History Publications, 1975. 229 p. ISBN 0882020242; OCLC 1255009; LC Call Number R152 .B43; Dewey 610/.9748/11. Citations: 10. Holdings: 692. Includes essays on the characteristics of colonial physicians, Philadelphia medical students in Europe, 1750-1800, John Redman (1722-1808), Thomas Parke, James Hutchinson (1752-1793), James Smith and public encouragement of vaccination, Benjamin Franklin's role in the practice of medicine,

286 Books on Early American History and Culture biographical dictionaries of Thacher, Williams and Gross, Joseph M. Toner as a medical historian, biographer John Morgan, Adam Cunningham's Atlantic crossing in 1728, William Shippen's introductory lecture, body-snatching in Philadelphia, an eighteenth-century American medical manuscript, and Dr. James Rush and his teachers. WMQ 33: 343-45. 1114 Berkeley, Edmund and Dorothy Smith Berkeley. Dr. John Mitchell: The Man who Made the Map of North America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974. xix, 283 p. ISBN 0807812218; OCLC 707395; LC Call Number QK31.M48B47; Dewey 570/.92/4. Citations: 7. Holdings: 533. Deals with Mitchell's early life and medical practice in Virginia, education in Scotland, later life in England, and scientific work, particularly his plant specimens from America and his taxonomic and cartographic efforts, as well as his contacts with contemporary scientists. AHR 81: 204-205; JAH 62: 100-101; WMQ32: 353-55. 1115 Blanco, Richard L. Physician of the American Revolution: Jonathan Potts. New York: Garland STPM Press, 1979. xv, 276 p. ISBN 0824071042; OCLC 4775280; LC Call Number E283.P67 B55; Dewey 610/.92/4. Citations: 0. Holdings: 157. Attempts "to place Potts into the historical perspective that he merits." Relates his associations with Benjamin Rush, John Morgan, and William Shippen, Jr., his service at Fort Ticonderoga, Trenton, and Princeton, and the general difficulties with patient care and sanitation that medical personnel faced in the Revolution. AHR 85: 716-717; WMQ 38: 744-46. 1116 Brown, Sanbom C. and Leonard M. Rieser. Natural Philosophy at Dartmouth: From Surveyors' Chains to the Pressure of Light. Hanover, N.H.; Distributed for Dartmouth College by the University Press of New England, 1974. xii, 127 p. ISBN 087451102X; OCLC 1054469; LC Call Number QC9.U5 B76; Dewey 530/.07/117423. Citations: 2. Holdings: 161. Examines scientific research at Dartmouth, particularly its administration and place in the curriculum from 1769 through the late nineteenth century. Looks at the college's establishment, the careers of John Smith, John Hubbard, Ebenezer Adams, Ira Young, and Charles Emerson. AHR 81: 959-60. 1117 Cash, Philip. Medical Men at the Siege of Boston, April, 1775-April, 1776. Philadelphia, Perm.: American Philosophical Society, 1973. xi, 185 p. ISBN 0871690985; OCLC 720684; LC Call Number R246.B67 C3; Dewey 973.3/75/0974461. Citations: 3. Holdings: 374. Provides background on eighteenth-century American medicine, particularly the training of physicians. Lists 43 army physicians and discusses the roles of Boston doctors Benjamin Church and Joseph Warren, as well as the service of Philadelphia physicians John Morgan and William Shippen. JAH 62: 110-111; WMQ 31: 695-96.

Science, Medicine, and Technology 287 1118 Chuinard, Eldon G. Only One Man Died: The Medical Aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Glendale, Calif: A. H. Clark Co., 1979. 444 p. ISBN 0870621289; OCLC 5109672; LC Call Number F592.7 .C543; Dewey 610/.973. Citations: 13. Holdings: 436. Provides background on Native American, European colonial, and army medicine. Discusses medical preparations for the voyage of discovery by Thomas Jefferson and Meriwether Lewis and the roles of Benjamin Rush and Antoine Saugrain. Describes the death of expedition member Charles Floyd, attributing it to a perforated appendix. Examines diet, exercise, sanitation, and weather and notes that most men suffered from venereal disease. JAH 67: 401-402. 1119 Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972. xv, 268 p. ISBN 0837158214; OCLC 329398; LC Call Number E98.D6 C7. Dewey 574.5. Citations: 253. Holdings: 1721. Explores the interchange of organisms between the Old and New Worlds and their ecological impacts. Focuses on the devastating effects of smallpox, measles, and syphilis, the transplantation of wheat, potatoes, maize, and beans, and the use of European farm animals in the Americas. Finds that the exchange of microorganisms killed people in Europe and America and that, on balance, "all of the life on this planet are the less for Columbus, and the impoverishment will increase." AHR 80: 67; JAH 60: 420-22; WMQ 30: 542-43. 1120 Dain, Norman. Disordered Minds: The First Century of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia 1766-1866. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1971. xiii, 207 p. ISBN 091041288X; OCLC 130892; LC Call Number F234.W7 W7; Dewey 362.2/1/097554252. Citations: 16. Holdings: 335. Describes the early history of the Eastern State asylum. Characterizes the hospital as negatively influenced by local politics and prominent families. Discusses therapies used in the hospital, especially those developed by superintendent John Minson Gait. Compares the institution to similar ones elsewhere in the United States. JAH 5S: 718-719; WMQ 29: 316-18. 1121 Donegan, Jane B. Women and Men Midwives: Medicine, Morality, and Misogyny in Early America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978. viii, 316 p. ISBN 0837198682; OCLC 3670926; LC Call Number RG518.U5 D66; Dewey 618.2. Citations: 59. Holdings: 789. Explains the ways by which men took over midwifery from women. Argues that men developed skills in some techniques believed to provide safer delivery, but that their takeover also mirrored larger social movements. Am J Soc S7: 252-54; JAH 66: 142; U103: 1649-50. 1122 Estes, J. Worth. Hall Jackson and the Purple Foxglove: Medical Practice and Research in Revolutionary America, 1760-1820. Hanover, N.H.:

288 Books on Early American History and Culture University Press of New England, 1979. xvi, 291 p. ISBN 0874511739; OCLC 5289362; LC Call Number R154.J27 E83; Dewey 610/.92/4. Citations: 16. Holdings: 390. Focuses on the medical practice and achievements of Jackson (1739-97), a Portsmouth, New Hampshire physician. Discusses his work in surgery, obstetrics, and pathology, and details his service in the Continental Army. Describes his practice, fees, treatment of smallpox, malaria, and diphtheria, and places his work in context of eighteenth-century public health. Emphasizes his pioneering use of digitalis as a treatment for dropsy (better known in modem times as edema). AHR 85: 1258-59; JAH 67: 660; U104: 2475. 1123 Gill, Harold B., Jr. The Apothecary in Colonial Virginia. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1972. vii, 127 p. ISBN 0879350016 (hbk.); ISBN 0910412995 (pbk.); OCLC 571813; LC Call Number RS67.U7 V53; Dewey 615/.1/09755. Citations: 3. Holdings: 312. Gives background on English and American colonial apothecaries and discusses the apothecary in Williamsburg specifically. Describes pharmaceutical equipment, hospitals and apothecaries in Williamsburg, and an accoimt of diseases in Virginia between 1745 and 1781. AHR 79: 572-73. 1124 Hindle, Brooke, ed. America's Wooden Age: Aspects of Its Early Technology. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1975. vii, 218 p. ISBN 0912882158; OCLC 1253905; LC Call Number T21 .A59; Dewey 609.73 A512. Citations: 17. Holdings: 1081. Includes essays on the Forest Society of New England, woodworking in America, early lumbering, mathematical instrument-makers, colonial watermills in the wooden age, and waterpower in the century of the steam engine. AHRSl: 1213; JAH 63: 114;L/100: 1938. 1125 Jones, Gordon W., ed. The Angel of Bethesda. By Cotton Mather. Barre, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society and Barre Publishers, 1972. xl, 384 p. ISBN 0827172206; OCLC 656403; LC Call Number R128.7 .M34; Dewey 616/.026. Citations: 16. Holdings: 394. Publishes Mather's 1724 general work on medicine. Covers his beliefs about smallpox inoculation, communicable diseases generally, illness as God's punishment, tobacco, medicinal plants, home remedies, miraculous cures, diet, exercise, physicians, and conditions like headaches, toothaches, gout, rheumatism, venereal disease, and epilepsy. AHR7S: 1118-1119; Am Lit 45: 489; EAL 8: 205-209; WMQ3\: 162-63. 1126 Lanning, John Tate. Pedro de la Torre: Doctor to Conquerors. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974. xiv, 145 p. ISBN 0807100641; OCLC 994762; LC Call Number R558.T67 L36; Dewey 610/.92/4. Citations: 4. Holdings: 319.

Science, Medicine, and Technology 289 Explores the life of Torre, a native of Castille who came to the Americas and practiced medicine. Notes his imprisonment for practicing medicine without a license, and for heresy, blasphemy, and bigamy. Discusses sixteenth-century medical practice and Torre's career as Mexico's protomedico. AHR 81: 473. 1127 Lysaght, A.M., ed. Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766: His Diary, Manuscripts and Collections. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. 512 p. ISBN 0520017803; OCLC 262158; LC Call Number QH31.B19L93; Dewey 500.9/718. Citations: 16. Holdings: 358. Lists notes, drawings, letters, maps, and charts, and the diary of Banks during his 1766 trip to Newfoundland and Labrador. Covers Banks' scientific interests and the specimens he collected around St. John's, Croque, and Chateau Bay. CHR 53: 323-24. 1128 Morgan, John S. Robert Fulton. New York: Mason/Charter, 1977. xi, 235 p. ISBN 0884054381; OCLC 2799222; LC Call Number VM140.F9 M67; Dewey 623.82/4/0924. Citations: 2. Holdings: 533. Presents a popular biography of Fulton, focusing on his artistic career in England, work as a military engineer in France, and his ideas on canals, submarine warfare and the steam boat. Concludes that, "as an inventor, Fulton was largely a compiler, adapter, and sometimes improver of others' discoveries," but also was "one of America's first engineers." AHR S3: 805-806; JAH64: 1098; U102: 1271. 1129 Numbers, Ronald L. Creation by Natural Law: Laplace's Nebular Hypothesis in American Thought. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977. xi, 184 p. ISBN 0295954396; OCLC 2508404; LC Call Number QB981 .N85; Dewey 521/.54. Citations: 21. Holdings: 519. Contends that Pierre Simon Laplace's nebular hypothesis "came to enjoy widespread popularity with educated Americans, including the nation's most prominent scientists, well before the appearance of Darwin's Origin of the Species in 1859." Argues that it paved the way for acceptance of naturalistic explanations for physical and biological phenomena in America. AHR S2: 1335; JAH 65: 144. 1130 Oleson, Alexandra and Sanbom C. Brown, eds. The Pursuit of Knowledge in the Early American Republic: American Scientific and Learned Societies from Colonial Times to the Civil War. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. xxv, 372 p. ISBN 0801816793; OCLC 1958213; LC Call Number AS25 .P87; Dewey 061.3 P977. Citations: 93. Holdings: 830. Presents essays on the intellectual order and organization in early America, the national pattern of American learned societies (1769-1863), the professionalization of science in America in the nineteenth century, the Royal Society in America, the underside of the learned society in New York (17541854), the early history of the Albany Institute, early learned societies in and around Boston, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia between 1812 and 1850, science, technology, and the Franklin Institute, the growth of learned

290 Books on Early American History and Culture and scientific societies in the southeastern United States to 1860, the Western Academy of Natural Science of Cincinnati and the structure of science in the Ohio Valley (1810-1850), the nature of humanistic societies in early America, medicine and the learned societies in the United States (1660-1850), the organization of American agricultural improvement (1785-1865), the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1848-1860, the early development of scientific societies in Canada, the Newagen Study, and suggestions for further research. Am J Soc 83: \553-55; JAH 66: 392; WMQ 34: 345-47. 1131 Reingold, Nathan. The Papers of Joseph Henry. Vol. 1: December 1797October 1832: The Albany Years. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, distributed by Braziller, New York, 1972. ISBN 0874741238; OCLC 379240; LC Call Number Q143.H6 A2; Dewey 537/.092/4. Citations: 42. Holdings: 501. Publishes the papers of Henry, physicist and Princeton professor, and secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Documents cover his life in Albany, experiments with electricity, and work with the Albany Lyceum of Natural History and Albany Institute. AHRS0: 181; JAH 60: 1073-75. 1132 Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1971. xx, 376 p. OCLC 142176; LC Call Number HV91 .R73; Dewey 361/.973. Citations: 719. Holdings: 1723. Traces the development of institutions for criminals, the insane, and the dependent poor from colonial times through the 1850s. Argues that colonists did not view deviance or vagrancy as special social problems, but simply as part of the divinely ordered society. Finds that this changed during the Enlightenment and by 1820 resulted in institutions like asylums. APSR67: 1380-81; JAH58: 1015; WMQ30: 368-70. 1133 Sellers, Charles Coleman. Mr. Peale's Museum: Charles Wills on Peale and the First Popular Museum of Natural Science and Art. New York: Norton, 1980. xiv, 370 p. ISBN 0393057003; OCLC 5970251; LC Call Number AM101.P496S44; Dewey 069/.09748/11 19. Citations: 57. Holdings: 719. Describes the history of Peale's Museum in the context of political, scientific, and artistic happenings in early national Philadelphia. Notes that the museum grew directly out of Peale's concern for public science education. JAH 67: 663; WMQ 36: 681-83. 1134 Shirley, John W., ed. Thomas Harriot: Renaissance Scientist. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1974. viii, 181 p. ISBN 0198581408; OCLC 1046518; LC Call Number Q143.H36 T47; Dewey 510/.92/4. Citations: 49. Holdings: 316. Presents papers from a 1971 University of Delaware symposium. Essays cover the relationship between Ralegh and Harriot, Harriot's interest in the New World and Amerindian language, mathematical navigation, development of the

Science, Medicine, and Technology 291 Mercator chart, Harriot's associates, and the influence of Harriot's ideas, especially in astronomy. WMQ 32: 523-24. 1135 Saffron, Morris H. Surgeon to Washington: Dr. John Cochran, 17301807. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. 302 p. ISBN 0231041861; OCLC 2818488; LC Call Number R154.C43 S23; Dewey 616.9/8023/0924; Citations: 1. Holdings: 404. Examines the life of Cochran, a physician and surgeon in the French and Indian War, and director of U.S. hospitals between 1781 and 1783. Covers his training, typical medical problems of soldiers, military service, and politics. U102: 2344. 1136 Stapleton, Darwin H. The Engineering Drawings of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. New Haven, Conn.: Published for the Maryland Historical Society by Yale University Press, 1980. xx, 256 p. ISBN 0300022271; OCLC 4056748; LC Call Number TA175 .L27; Dewey 624/.092/4. Citations: 18. Holdings: 235. Discusses Latrobe's career as an engineer, especially in the areas of transportation, river improvements, canals, roads, bridges, urban waterworks, river control, and steam engines. Reproduces many of Latrobe's drawings. AHR 87: 252-53. 1137 Wilkinson, Norman B. E. I. du Font, Botaniste: The Beginning of a Tradition. Charlottesville: Published for the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation, University Press of Virginia, 1972. xi, 139 p. ISBN 0813903998 (hbk.); ISBN 081390398X (pbk.); OCLC 528904; LC Call Number SB63.D87 W55; Dewey 712/.6/0922. Citations: 2. Holdings: 291. Discusses the life of du Pont with special emphasis on his interest in botany. Describes the beginning of the interest in France and the application of such specialized knowledge in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century America. JAH 60: 426. 1138 Williams, William H. America's First Hospital: The Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751-1841. Wayne, Pa.: Haverford House, 1976. 186 p. ISBN 0910702020; OCLC 2320106; LC Call Number RA982.P5 P478; Dewey 362.1/1/0974811. Citations: 10. Holdings: 205. Studies the administration of the hospital and patient care. Finds that through the 1780s most patients were unable to pay and that mortality rates at the hospital were remarkably low. AHR 82: 438-39; JAH 64: 121-22. 1139 Winslow, Ola Elizabeth. A Destroying Angel: The Conquest of Smallpox in Colonial Boston. Boston, Mass.: Houghton-Mifflin, 1974. x, 137 p. ISBN 0395184533; OCLC 737148; LC Call Number RC183.5.M4 W46; Dewey 614.5/21/0974461. Citations: 8. Holdings: 480. Discusses the advocacy of smallpox inoculation by Cotton Mather and Zabdiel Boylston in Boston in 1721, the practice throughout the eighteenth century,

292 Books on Early American History and Culture particularly in Marblehead and Salem, and the work of Edward Jenner and Benjamin Waterhouse. AHR 80: 1300-1301; Am Lit 46: 422; JAH 62: 103-104; WMQ 32: 364-65.

30 Visual Arts and Material Culture

1140 Adams, William Howard, ed. Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1976. 293 p. OCLC 2640966; LC Call Number E332.2J46; Dewey 973.4/6/0924. Citations: 16. Holdings: 584. Publishes seven essays on Jefferson's views of the arts, including his role as an art collector, interest in English gardens and French furniture, and talents as an architect and planner of the Capitol. Also includes portraiture of Jefferson. JAH 64: 1089. 1141 Alexander, Robert L. The Architecture of Maximilian Godefroy. Baltimore, Md." Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. 246 p. ISBN 0801812860; OCLC 983962; LC Call Number NA737.G55 A78; Dewey 720/.92/4. Citations: 2. Holdings: 385. Studies the architecture of Godefroy (1765-ca. 1840), noted designer of the Battle Monument, St. Mary's Chapel, and the First Unitarian Church in Baltimore. Places the work of Godefroy in European context and details his contributions to American architecture. AHR 81: 658; JAH 62: 985-86; U100: 972. 1142 Allodi, Mary. Printmaking in Canada: The Earliest Views and Portraits. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1980. xxviii, 244 p. ISBN 0888542607; OCLC 6453691; LC Call Number NE541 .A44; Dewey 769.971/074/011. Citations: 10. Holdings: 115. Presents etchings and lithographs of city views, portraits, landscapes, news, and political cartoons between 1781 and 1850. Provides notes and biographies of engravers.

294 Books on Early American History and Culture CHR 63: 97-98. 1143 Benes, Peter. The Masks of Orthodoxy: Folk Gravestone Carving in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, 1689-1805. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977. 273 p. ISBN 0870232371; OCLC 2695095; LC Call Number BV153.U6B46; Dewey 230/.5/9. Citations: 16. Holdings: 500. Studies approximately 4,000 single gravestones for individuals buried in Plymouth County, Massachusetts. Argues that gravestone carving symbolism expressed folk religious ideas such as skulls (spirits freed by death), and facial expressions (grace, resurrection, and salvation), and that these were influenced by contemporary events (e.g., witchcraft controversies). AHR 83: 1330-32; EAL 14: 328-36; JAH 66: 117; WMQ 37: 346-48. 1144 Benes, Peter, ed. Puritan Gravestone Art: The Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife Annual Proceedings 1976. Dublin: Boston University, 1977. 142 p. OCLC 3526188; LC Call Number NB1856.N4 P87. Citations: 17. Holdings: 213. Collects seminar papers from a Dublin, New Hampshire conference in June 1976. Articles cover styles of individual carvers, approaches to gravestone studies, technical and scientific aspects of studying gravestone art, and the relationship of gravestone art to formal religious and political discourse and to Puritan theology. AHR S3: 1330-32; JAH 66: 118. 1145 Bush, Clive. The Dream of Reason: American Consciousness and Cultural Achievement from Independence to the Civil War. London: Edward Arnold, 1977. xi, 397 p. ISBN 0312219601; OCLC 3751007; LC Call Number E169.1 .B975; Dewey 973. Citations: 11. Holdings: 662. Presents a history of American consciousness and culture drawn mostly from literature and painting. Examines Puritan Ramism, the rise of the military ethic, and natural history and geography, especially in the work of Jefferson, Crevecoeur, William Bartram, John James Audobon, Herman Melville, George Catlin, Thomas Cole, James Fenimore Cooper, Currier and Ives, and Charles Wilson Peale. Concludes that "The years between 1776 and 1860 see the progressive failure of a popular antimilitarism (the individualist sentiment) and the proportional growth of a centralizing military-aggressive, state bureaucracy." AHR 84: 532; Am Lit 51: 568-69; CJH 13: 289-91; U 103: 744; WMQ 37: 68385. 1146 Cummings, Abbott Lowell. The Framed Houses of Massachusetts Bay, 1625-1725. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1979 xiv, 261 p. ISBN 0674316800; OCLC 3893734; LC Call Number NA730.M4 C85; Dewey 728. Citations: 0. Holdings: 733. Examines early Massachusetts house plans, framing, construction, chimneys, and interior and exterior finishes. Focuses on Suffolk, Essex, and Middlesex counties. Includes appendices and illustrations. JAH 61: 3S7;U 104: 1687.

Visual Arts and Material Culture 295 1147 Deetz, James. In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1977. 184 p. ISBN 038508031X; OCLC 3121046; LC Call Number F6 .D43; Dewey 974/.02. Citations: 198. Holdings: 1500. Assets that founders of Plymouth "brought with them a blueprint—in their minds—for re-creating the culture they had left behind." Examines small artifacts like ceramics and furniture to get some insight into the thinking of early English settlers and New England African slaves. Am Ant 45: 643-45; JAH 65: 417. 1148 Ellis, Joseph J. After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture. New York: Norton, 1979. xvi, 256 p. ISBN 0393012530; OCLC 5171264; LC Call Number E164 .E4; Dewey 920/.073. Citations: 13. Holdings: 893. Seeks to explain why the Revolutionary and early national eras produced little in creative arts, despite expectations of the Revolutionary generation that America would become the cultural center of the world. Argues that liberalism and its attendant equality, mobility, and acquisitiveness dampened creativity and turned the attentions of talented individuals toward national development and bland, utilitarian, mass culture. Concludes that American artists and thinkers did not consciously separate from society until Emerson. AHR 86: 201-202; EAL 17: 87-89; JAH 67: 398; U 104: 2457; Nation (9 Feb 80): 150-52. 1149 Hitchings, Sinclair. Boston Prints and Printmakers, 1670-1775. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1973. xxv, 294 p. OCLC 698518; LC Call Number F61 .C71; Dewey 769/.9744/61; Dewey 917.44/03/208. Citations: 8. Holdings: 383. Contains eight essays from an April 1971 Colonial Society of Massachusetts conference. Papers take up early American graphic art, Thomas Jefferson and printmaking, printed plans and pictures of colonial Boston, William Burgis's and Andrew Oliver's account of Peter Pelham, Boston heraldry and emblems, early prints of American Indians, and scientific illustrations. AHR19: \62\;JAH60: 1092-93. 1150 Hood, Graham. Bonnin and Morris of Philadelphia: The First American Porcelain Factory, 1770-1772. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1972. xiii, 78 p. ISBN 0807812005; OCLC 538999; LC Call Number NK4210.B66 H66; Dewey 738.2/09748/11. Citations: 6. Holdings: 373. Examines porcelain production in Philadelphia prior to the Revolution. Analyzes the Mease basket and compares it to various other pieces of the same period. Proves that ceramics were locally manufactured by Bonnin and Morris, not imported. WMQ 30: 673-75. 1151 Hume, Ivor Noel, ed. Five Artifact Studies. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, distributed by University Press of Virginia, 1974.

296 Books on Early American History and Culture viii, 116 pp. ISBN 0879350105; OCLC 858144; LC Call Number F234.W7; Dewey 917.55/4252. Citations: 0. Holdings: 221. Analyzes artifacts from a well, shoe buckles, bayonets, window glass, and horseshoes, all from colonial Williamsburg. Am Ant 41: 121-22. 1152 Jaffe, Irma B. John Trumbull: Patriot-Artist of the American Revolution. Boston, Mass.: New York Graphic Society, 1975. vi, 346 p. ISBN 0821204599; OCLC 1229525; LC Call Number ND237.T8 J33; Dewey 759.13 B. Citations: 19. Holdings: 1009. Lists and describes 200 works of Trumbull (1756-1843), Washington's aide-decamp and the first artist to paint scenes from American history in the grand European style. Includes illustrations. JAH 63: 698-99; U100: 2236; WMQ 36: 650-53. 1153 Kelso, William M. Captain Jones's Wormslow: A Historical, Archaeological, and Architectural Study of an Eighteenth-Century Plantation Site near Savannah, Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979. xvi, 196 p. ISBN 0820304476; OCLC 3706633; LC Call Number F294.W6 K44; Dewey 975.8/724. Citations: 1. Holdings: 252. Identifies and describes a plantation south of Savannah based on archaeological evidence. Examines house architecture, noting that it was similar to that of seventeenth-century English settlers in northern Ireland, but that construction techniques were dictated by local conditions and borrowed from the Spaniards. Notes that the site belonged to Noble Jones. JAH 61: 123-24. 1154 Moogk, Peter N. Building a House in New France: An Account of the Perplexities of Client and Craftsmen in Early Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977. 144 p. ISBN 0771054661; OCLC 3702392; LC Call Number TH4809.C2 M66; Dewey 690/.8/09714. Citations: 3. Holdings: 86. Explores how houses were built in New France. Considers farmhouses, techniques, and architecture. Shows that there was a shift from wood to stone in the 1720s, indicating increased wealth and "a commitment to the new land." CHR 59: 491-95. 1155 Neil, J. Meredith. Toward a National Taste: America's Quest for Aesthetic Independence. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1975. xiii, 402 p. ISBN 082480340X; OCLC 1255135; LC Call Number NX503 .N44; Dewey 700/.973. Citations: 10. Holdings: 471. Traces Americans' attitudes towards the arts after the Revolution, gleaned mainly from opinions revealed in periodicals between 1783 and 1815, and from the papers of notable Americans. Finds that Revolution-era Americans judged art from a European perspective and generally felt inferior, but that "By 1815 the ground had already been well prepared for an American art," which became clear in the shift from neoclassicism to romanticism. AHR 81: 1232-33; U100: 2049; WMQ33: 686-88.

Visual Arts and Material Culture 297 1156 Oliver, Andrew. The Portraits of John Marshall. Charlottesville: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University Press of Virginia, 1977. xi, 209 p. ISBN 0813906334; OCLC 2189166; LC Call Number E302.6.M4 044; Dewey 704.94/23/0973. Citations: 2. Holdings: 268. Studies the portraits of John Marshall by Fevret de Saint-Memin, Cephas Thompson, George Catlin, Robert M. Sully, Chester Harding, John Wesley Jarvis, John Frazee, Henry Inman, Rembrandt Peale, and Mary Willis Ambler, among others. WMQ 35: 592-94. 1157 Quimby, Ian M. G., ed. American Painting to 1776: A Reappraisal. Charlottesville: Published for the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum by the University Press of Virginia, 1971. x, 384 p. ISBN 0813903785; OCLC 247311;LC Call Number ND207.W5; Dewey 759.13. Citations: 14. Holdings: 367. Publishes papers from the 1971 Winterthur Conference. Includes essays on painting in New England, the Hudson valley and New York City and the work of John Smibert, Robert Feke, and Gustavus Hesselius. Articles study New England wall painting techniques, Hudson valley limners, and methods for studying early American painting. AHR19: 1619-20; JAH 59: 410-411. 1158 Silverman, Kenneth. A Cultural History of the American Revolution: Painting, Music, Literature, and the Theatre in the Colonies and the United States from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1793-1789. New York: T. Y. Crowell, 1976. xvii, 699 p. ISBN 0690010796; OCLC 1858539; LC Call Number NX503.5 .S54; Dewey 700/.974 19. Citations: 80. Holdings: 1696. Examines American art, music, poetry, literature and theater in the Revolutionary era, including the work of Peale, Billings, and Wheatley. Contends that the Revolution was the beginning of a distinct American culture. Am Lit 49: 456-57; EAL 13: 133-38; JAH 64: 130; U101: 1419; WMQ 34: 65456. 1159 Stone, Lyle M. Fort Michilimackinac, 1715-1781: An Archaeological Perspective on the Revolutionary Frontier. East Lansing: The Museum, Michigan State University, 1974. xviii, 367 p. OCLC 1611551; LC Call Number F572.M16; Dewey 977.4/923. Citations: 5. Holdings: 252. Reports on archaeological findings from eighteenth-century Fort Michilimackinac through 1966. Describes glass, ceramics, structures, hooks, buckles, earthenware, and gunflints, among other items. Am Ant 41:249-51. 1160 Tashjian, Dickran and Ann Tashjian. Memorials for Children of Change: The Art of Early New England Stonecarving. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1974. xv, 309 p. ISBN 0819540617; OCLC 623992; LC Call Number GT3203 .T37; Dewey 736/.5/0974. Citations: 17. Holdings: 549.

298 Books on Early American History and Culture Studies Puritan stonecarving, especially gravestone portraiture and other adornments. Argues that the carvings demonstrate a great deal about Puritan culture through symbols, motifs and epitaphs. Am Lit 46: 421-22; EAL 14: 328-36; WMQ 32: 529-31.

31 Performing Arts

1161 Bost, James S. Monarchs of the Mimic World, or, The American Theatre of the Eighteenth Century through the Managers—The Men Who Made It. Orono, Me.: University of Maine at Orono Press, 1977. 194 p. ISBN 0891010335; OCLC 3495539; LC Call Number PN2291 .B67; Dewey 792/.0973. Citations: 2. Holdings: 155. Discusses the role of managers, actors and actresses in the early American theater, conflicts, intrigue, and the reactions of audiences to plays. Emphasizes that "the early theatre in America was a transatlantic British theatre" and a prime method of expression. Am Lit 50: 286-87. 1162 Camus, Raoul F. Military Music of the American Revolution. Westerville, Oh.: Integrity Press, 1975. xii, 218 p. ISBN 0918048109; OCLC 29216729; LC Call Number ML1311 .C35; Dewey 785/.06/71. Citations: 10. Holdings: 832. Surveys eighteenth-century European military music and American colonial music before examining martial music in the American Revolution, especially in the Continental Army. Distinguishes between field music (mainly fifers and drummers, who kept marching cadence and provided signals) and the "band of music" (larger corps of oboes, clarinets, horns, and bassoons that provided entertainment for officers and music for ceremonies and parades). Concludes that few bands developed in the Continental Army. AHR 82: 437; U101: 1425; WMQ 34: 503-504. 1163 Cripe, Helen. Thomas Jefferson and Music. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974. viii, 157 p. ISBN 0813905044; OCLC 858385; LC Call Number ML429.J43 C7; Dewey 780/.92/4. Citations: 11. Holdings: 600.

300 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines Jefferson's musical interests, collection, and instruments, and the musical education of Jefferson's daughters and granddaughters. Explains that music was not Jefferson's major passion, that he likely did not play violin in his later years, and that he probably did not organize the Marine Band, but that he was interested in designing improved instruments and invented a metronome and music stands. Finds that Americans in the early republic nurtured "a surprisingly large and varied musical culture." AHR 80: 718-19; WMQ 32: 365-66. 1164 Doty, Gresdna Ann. The Career of Mrs. Anne Brunton Merry in the American Theater. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971. xiii, 170 p. ISBN 0807109479; OCLC 286797; LC Call Number PN2287.M625 D6; Dewey 792/.028/0924. Citations: 1. Holdings: 412. Examines the theatrical career of Merry in America from her arrival in 1796 to her death in 1808. Notes that she was both an actress and manager at the Chesnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia and there became "the most celebrated actress in the American theatre." Describes the large number of roles actors would play and their manner of payment. AHR 78: 157-58; Am Lit 44: 344. 1165 Epstein, Dena J. Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977. xix, 433 p. ISBN 0252005201; OCLC 2929602; LC Call Number ML3556 .E8; Dewey 784.7/56/009. Citations: 77. Holdings: 1221. Surveys African-American music from the colonial era through the end of the Civil War. Uses contemporary accounts to describe the form, content, and use of the music. Finds that Africans brought instruments to—and reproduced them in—America, that secular and spiritual songs were both common and shared many attributes, that music was used for many purposes (e.g. commentary on masters, celebration, entertainment, worship, passing the time, etc.) and that the music retained its essentially African character, even after exposure to and mixture with European styles. AHR 84: 557-58; JAH 65: 446. 1166 Hill, West T. The Theatre in Early Kentucky, 1790-1820. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1971. xiii, 205 p. ISBN 0813112400; OCLC 162075; LC Call Number PN2275.K4 H5; Dewey 792/.09769. Citations: 5. Holdings: 428. Traces the development of theater in Kentucky in the early national period though the examination of journals, playbills, newspapers, and other documents. Finds that "Kentucky, especially Lexington, gave the early West the great bulk of drama production before 1810." Downplays the role of Samuel Drake and his company. AHR IS: 158. 1167 McKay, David P. and Richard Crawford. William Billings of Boston: Eighteenth-Century Composer. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,

Performing Arts

301

1975. xii, 303 p. ISBN 0691091188; OCLC 1054209; LC Call Number ML410.B588 M3; Dewey 783/.092/4. Citations: 21. Holdings: 936. Studies Billings's compositions, including Singing Master's Assistant (1778), Chester, and the Lamentation Over Boston. Argues that his music reflected Revolutionary America's self-confidence and "helped to focus the militant emotions the American Revolution aroused." Concludes that Billings was "the foremost American musician of the eighteenth century." AHR 81: 656-57; U100: 857; WMQ 33: 712-714. 1168 Meserve, Walter J. An Emerging Entertainment: The Drama of the American People to 1828. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977. x, 342 p. ISBN 0253370078; OCLC 3001967; LC Call Number PS332 .M39; Dewey 812/.009. Citations: 32. Holdings: 735. Examines "all recorded drama written in North America prior to the establishment of the United States of America" and through 1828, seeking its connection to the "cultural and historical progress of the country." AHR 83: 1323-24; Am Lit 50: 519-21; EAL 14: 125-26; JAH 65: 767; U 102: 2362. 1169 Shockley, Martin Staples. The Richmond Stage, 1784-1812. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977. 451 p. ISBN 0813906865; OCLC 2238246; LC Call Number PN2277.R54; Dewey 792/.09755/451. Citations: 8. Holdings: 258. Describes drama in Richmond from the arrival of the first professional theater company to the 1811 destruction of the main Richmond theater by fire. Identifies actors, companies, and plays, and discusses performance critiques. Finds that British plays continued to be popular through the 1790s, but that the repertoire also included work by Americans William Dunlap, Royall Tyler, and John Daly Burk, as well as a satirical piece by Benjamin Latrobe. Am Lit 49: 460-61.

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Author Index

Reference numbers indicate bibliography entry numbers. Abbot, W.W., 1 Adair, Douglass, 693 Adams, Thomas R., 528 Adams, Willi Paul, 708, 709 Adams, William Howard, 1140 Aderman, Ralph M., 1049 Adrian, Charles R., 71.0 Akers, Charles W., 295 Akrigg, Helen B., 114 Albanese, Catherine L., 529 Alden, JohnR., 530, 711 Aldridge, A. Owen, 1018 Alexander, Edward Porter, 115 Alexander, John K., 379 Alexander, Robert L., 1141 Allain, Mathe, 2 Allen, H.C., 3 Allen, John Logan, 116 Allodi,Mary, 1142 Almaraz, Felix D., 712 Amacher, Richard E., 713 Ames, Susie M., 380 Ammerman, David L., 381, 531 Ammon, Harry, 714, 969 Anderson, Gillian B., 1050 Anderson, Terry Lee, 319 Andrew, John A. III., 422

Andrews, Kenneth R., 166, 320 Angermann, Erich, 532 Anna, Timothy E., 715 Anstey, Roger, 253 Aptheker, Herbert, 716 Arbuckle, Robert D., 321 Archdeacon, Thomas F., 4 Archer, Christon I., 989 Archibald, Robert, 322 Atwood, Rodney, 990 Auping, J., 254 Axtell, James, 1088 Ay ling, Stanley, 717 Backus, Isaac, 485 Bailey, Kenneth P., 117 Bailey, Raymond C, 718 Baillargeon, Noel, 423 Bailyn, Bernard, 719, 1081 Baker, Frank, 424 Baker, Leonard, 938 Baker, Norman, 991 Balderston, Marion, 533 Baltzell, E. Digby, 382 Banning, Lance, 720 Barker, Anthony J., 255 Barnhart, John D., 5

304 Books on Early American History and Culture Bartlett, Richard A., 383 Bashkina, Nina N., 970 Baudot, Georges, 302 Bauman, Richard, 425 Becker, Martin Joseph, 426 Becker, Robert A., 721, 806 Beckman, Gail McKnight, 722 Bedard, Marc Andre, 427 Bedini, Silvio A., 1111-12 Beeman, Richard R., 723-24 Beilharz, Edwin A., 725 Bell, Rudolph M., 726 Bell, WhitfieldJ., Jr., 1113 Bellot, Leland J., 534 Benes, Peter, 428, 1143-44 Bennett, Charles E., 118 Bennett, Walter Hartwell, 727 Benson, C. Randolph, 1019 Bercovitch, Sacvan, 1020-21 Berens, John F., 429 Berk, Stephen E., 430 Berkeley, Dorothy Smith, 728, 1114 Berkeley, Edmund, 728, 1114 Berkin, Carol, 535 Berry, Mary Frances, 256 Berryman, Charles, 431 Berton, Pierre, 685 Billias, George Athan, 92, 729 Billikopf, David Marshall, 939 Billings, Warren M., 6 Black, Jeannette D., 119 Blanco, Richard L., 1115 Blathwayt, William, 119 Bloomfield, Maxwell, 940 Boles, John B., 432 Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N., 536 Bond, Donovan H., 1082 Bonomi, Patrica U., 730-31 Bonwick, Colin, 732 Booth, Christopher C, 17 Booth, Sally Smith, 384 Bost, James S., 1161 Bourguignon, Henry J., 941 Bowden, David K., 537 Bowen, Ashley, 201 Bowen, Catherine Drinker, 733 Bowler, R. Arthur, 992

Bowman, Albert Hall, 971 Bowman, Larry G., 538 Boxer, C.R., 296,433 Boyd, Julian P., 734-35 Boyd, Steven R., 694 Boyer, Paul, 385-87 Bradford, Ernie Dusgate Selby, 120 Brathwaite, Edward, 388 Brauer, Jerald C, 434 Bray, Robert C, 539 Breen,T.H., 167,257 Bremer, Francis J., 435, 520 Brewer, John, 942 Bridenbaugh, Carl, 7, 8,416, 54041 Bridenbaugh, Roberta, 8 Brock, Leslie V., 323 Brodie, Fawn M., 736 Brooke, John, 737 Broussard, James H., 738 Brown, Anne S. K., 640 Brown, Jennifer S. H., 389 Brown, Letitia Woods, 258 Brown, Ralph Adams, 739 Brown, Richard D., 390 Brown, Sanbom C, 1116, 1130 Browne, Gary Lawson, 9 Browning, Reed, 740 Brumm, Ursula, 436 Bryson, William Hamilton, 943-44 Buckley, Roger Norman, 993 Buckley, Thomas E., 437 Buel, Richard, 542, 741 Bumsted, J.M., 438 Burg, B. R., 439 Burkholder, Mark A., 742 Bush, Clive, 1145 Bush, Sargent, 440 Bushman, Richard L., 10 Bushnell, Paul E., 539 Butler, Jon, 441 Butterfield, L. H., 743, 783 Buxbaum, Melvin H., 442 Calam, John, 443 Calhoon, Robert M., 543-44 Calhoun, Daniel, 1089 Callahan, North, 744

Author Index Campbell, Diane, 108 Campbell, Marjorie Wilkins, 324 Campeau, Lucien, 11 Campisi, Jack, 217 Camus, Raoul F., 1162 Canny, Nicholas P., 166, 168 Cappon, Lester J., 545 Caravaglios, Maria Genoino, 444 Careless, J.M.S., 12 Carr, Lois Green, 325, 818 Carroll, Charles F., 326 Carroll, Peter N., 445 Carter, Edward C , 13 Caruthers, J. Wade, 189 Carver, Jonathan, 233 Cash, Philip, 1117 Cassara, Ernest, 1022 Cassell, Frank A., 745 Catanzariti, John, 327 Carton, Bruce, 14 Carton, William B., 14 Ceram, C. W., 105 Challes, Robert, 127 Champagne, Roger J., 546 Chandler, D.S., 742 Chappelli, Fredi, 1023 Charbonneau, Hubert, 391 Chase, James S., 746 Cheetham, Nicolas. 15 Cherry, Conrad, 446 Cheshire, Neil M., 157 Chesnutt, David R., 877-80 Christie, Ian R., 547 Chuinard, Eldon G., 1118 Church, Benjamin, 245 Clarfield, Gerard H., 747 Clark, Barbara Louise, 748 Clark, Ella E., 121 Clemens, Paul G. E., 328 Clokey, Richard M., 329 Clowse, Converse D., 330 Coffman, Ralph J., 447 Cohen, Edward H., 1051 Cohen, Lester H., 106 Coleman, Frank M., 695 Coleman, John M., 548 Coleman, Kenneth, 16 Coleman, Peter J., 331

305

Collier, Christopher, 749 Commager, Henry Steele, 1024 Conkin, Paul K., 750 Conley, Patrick T., 751-52 Conrad, Agnes C , 30 Conrad, Glenn R., 2 Cook, Edward M., 392 Cook, S.F., 203 Cook, Warren L., 122 Comer, Betsy C , 17 Cott, Nancy F., 297 Coward, Joan Wells, 753 Cowing, Cedric B., 107 Cox, Joseph W., 754 Crandall, Ruth, 393 Craton, Michael, 259 Craven, Wesley Frank, 260 Crawford, Richard, 1167 Cremin, Lawrence A., 1090 Cripe, Helen, 108, 1163 Cronin, James E., 18 Crosby, Alfred W., 1119 Crosskey, William Winslow, 696 Crouse, Maurice A., 332 Crow, Jeffrey J., 261, 549 Crowhurst, Patrick, 190 Crowley, J. E., 333 Cumming, William P., 123, 550 Cummings, Abbott Lowell, 1146 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr., 755-56 Currey, Cecil B., 972 Curwen, Samuel, 551 Cushing, Daniel, 691 Cutright, Paul Russell, 124 Dabney, Virginius, 757 Dain, Norman, 1120 D1 Allaire, Micheline, 334 Daly, Robert, 1052 Daniels, Bruce C , 19,758 Dann, John C , 552 Dargo, George, 759, 945 Davidson, James West, 448 Davies, K. D., 20 Davies, K. G., 553-54 Davis, David Brion, 262 Davis, Harold E., 21 Davis, Joseph L., 760

306 Books on Early American History and Culture Davis, Ralph, 335 Davis, Richard Beale, 1025-26, 1053 Dawidoff, Robert, 761 De Brahm, John William, 125 De Pauw, Linda Grant, 762-64 De Vorsey, Louis, 125 Dearden, Paul F., 555 Debien, Gabriel, 263 Dechene, Louise, 22 Deconde, Alexander, 126 Deetz, James, 1147 Delery, Simone de la Souchere, 994 D'Elia, Donald J., 1027 Deloffre, Frederic, 127 Dene van, William M., 204 Derry, John W., 765 Desroche, Henri, 449 Devine, T.M., 336 Dibble, Ernest F., 23 Diffie, Bailey W., 128 Dinkin, Robert J., 766 Dippel, Horst, 556 Dobyns, Henry F., 24 Dodge, Ernest S., 129 Dominguez, Jorge I., 767 Donegan, Jane B., 1121 Donnelly, Joseph P., 205, 206 Doty, Gresdna Ann, 1164 Douglas, Elisha P., 337 Dull, Jonathan R., 973 Dumbauld, Edward, 946 Duncan, T. Bentley, 338 Dunn, Richard S., 264 Dupuy, R. Ernest, 557 Durham, Walter T., 768-69 Eadie, John W., 1028 Earle, Carville V., 169 East, Robert A., 558, 770 Eccles, W. J., 25 Eckert, Edward K, 686 Edgar, Walter B., 339 Edmonds, Margot, 121 Edwards, Jonathan, 460, 513 Elliott, Emory, 450, 1054 Elliott, John B., 26 Ellis, Joseph J., 1029,1148

Ellis, Richard E., 771 Emerson, Everett, 451-52, 1055-57 Endy, Melvin B., Jr., 453 Enterline, James Robert, 170 Epstein, Dena J., 1165 Erdt, Terrence, 454 Erikson,ErikH., 1030 Ernst, Joseph Albert, 772 Estes, J. Worth, 1122 Evans, Emory G., 773 Everest, Allan S., 559 Ewald, Johann, 670 Ewald, Ursula, 417 Fantel, Hans, 455 Farber, Bernard, 409 Farrelly, Jill E., 986 Fast, Howard, 560 Feinstein, Estelle E., 27 Fenton, William N., 207 Ferguson, E. James, 340-42, 561 Ferling, John E., 562-63, 995 Ferm, Robert L., 456 Ferris, Robert G., 697 Fingard, Judith, 564 Fisher, Raymond H., 130 Fisher, Robin, 131,208 Flaherty, David H., 394 Fleming, Thomas, 565, 774 Flexner, James Thomas, 775-77 Fohlen, Claude, 566 Foner, Eric, 567 Foner, Philip S., 265, 311, 778 Fontaine, John, 115 Fontana, Bernard L., 483 Forster, Cornelius P., 779 Forsythe, Dall W., 780 Fortier, John, 996 Foster, Stephen, 457 Fothergill, John, 17 Fowler, William M., Jr., 568, 78182 Frank, Andre Gunder, 418 Franklin, Wayne, 1058 Fredrickson, N. Jaye, 210 Freeman, Donald B., 367 Frese, Joseph R., 343 Fried, Marc B., 28

Author Index Friedlaender, Marc, 743, 783 Friedman, Lawrence J., 1031 Fries, Sylvia Doughty, 395 Frings, Marie-Luise, 532 Fritz, Jean, 29 Frost, J. William, 410 Fursenko, A.A., 569 Gagnon, Francois-Marc, 209 Gaines, Pierce W., 1083 Galvin, John, 132 Galvin, Sean, 59 Ganyard, Robert L., 784 Garitee, Jerome R., 687 Gast, Ross H., 30 Gaustad, Edwin S., 458 Gawalt, Gerard W., 947 Gebhardt, Jurgen, 1032 Gemery, Henry A., 344 Genovese, Eugene D., 266 Gerhard, Peter, 133 Gerlach, Larry R., 570-71, 785 Gibb, Sandra, 210 Gibson, James R., 31, 345 Gibson, Susan G., 211 Gifford, George E., Jr., 572 Gildrie, Richard P., 396 Gill, Harold B , Jr., 997, 1123 Gilpin, Joshua, 96 Gilpin, W. Clark, 459 Giraud, Marcel, 32 Glover, Michael, 573 Godbout, Arthur, 1091 Godechot, Jacques, 566 Goebel, Julius, 948 Goen, C.C., 460 Goldenberg, Joseph A., 191 Goldstein, Jonathan, 346 Goodwin, Everett C, 949 Goodwin, Gary C, 212 Gough, Barry M., 134 Gragg, Larry Dale, 309 Granger, Bruce, 1059 Graymont, Barbara, 213 Greenberg, Douglas, 964 Greenman, Jeremiah, 539 Greer, Harold E., Jr., 674 Gregory, Frances W., 347

307

Greven, Philip, 411 Gribbin, William, 688 Griffin, Edward M., 461 Griffith, EmestS., 710 Griffith, Samuel B. II, 574 Gross, Robert A., 397 Gruber, Ira D., 575 Guest, Francis F., 462 Gunther, Ema, 135 Gwyn, Julian, 192, 348 Haffenden, Philip S., 786 Hague, Harlan, 136 Hair, P.E.H., 166 Hall, David D., 463 Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo, 267 Hall, Van Beck, 787 Halpenny, Francess G., 33, 34 Hamilton, Milton W., 214 Hammack, James Wallace, Jr., 689 Hammerman, Guy, 557 Hammond, Cleon E., 788 Hamshere, Cyril, 35 Hancock, Harold B., 464 Handler, Jerome S., 268-69 Hanke, Lewis, 215 Hanley, Thomas O'Brien, 465 Hanna, Warren L., 137 Hanson, Lee H., 216 Hardy, Jean-Pierre, 312 Harlan, David, 466 Harley, J. B., 576 Harling, Frederick, 303 Harrington, James, 860 Harris, R. Cole, 138 Harrison, Lowell H., 139 Hatch, Nathan O., 1033 Hatch, Robert McConnell, 577 Hatfield, Joseph T., 789 Hauptman, Laurence M., 217 Havens, Daniel F., 1060 Haw, James, 950 Hawke, David Freeman, 140, 79092 Hayes, Grace P., 557 Haynes, Robert V., 578 Heard, J. Norman, 218 Heath, Shirley Brice, 1084

308 Books on Early American History and Culture Hecht, Marie B., 793 Heidenreich, Conrad, 219 Hench, JohnB., 1081 Henderson, Dwight F., 951 Henderson, H. James, 794 Hendricks, J. Edwin, 795 Henretta, James A., 398, 796 Herbert, Eugenia W., 820 Hemdon, G. Melvin, 797 Higginbotham, A. Leon, Jr., 270 Higginbotham, Don, 579-80, 798 Higginbotham, Jay, 36 Higgins, W.Robert, 581 Higham,B.W.,271 Hill, C. William, Jr., 799 Hill, Peter P., 974 Hill, West T., 1166 Hindle, Brooke, 1124 Hindus, Michael Stephen, 965 Hirsch, David H., 1061 Hitchings, Sinclair, 1149 Hoerder, Dirk, 582-83, 800 Hoffman, Paul E., 998 Hoffman, Ronald, 584 Hofstadter, Richard, 399 Hogendom, Jan S., 344 Holbrook, Clyde A., 467 Holifield, E. Brooks, 468 Holmes, Richard, 400 Hood, Fred J., 469 Hood, Graham, 1150 Hook, Andrew, 1034 Hooker, Thomas, 524 Horowitz, David, 220 Horwitz, Morton J., 952 Howe, John R., 37 Howson, Gerald, 585 Hughes, J. R. T., 349 Hughes, Sarah S., 141 Hume, Ivor Noel, 1151 Humphrey, David C, 1092 Hutson, James H., 598, 801, 975 Idzerda, Stanley J., 586-87 Illick, Joseph E., 38 Ingram, K. E., 109 Innes, Stephen, 257 Israel, J. I., 802

Ivers, Larry E., 999 Jackman, S.W., 193 Jackson, Donald, 803, 804 Jackson, Harvey H., 805 Jackson, John W., 588 Jacobs, Clyde E., 698 Jacobs, Wilbur R, 221 Jacobsen, Phebe R., 898 Jaenen, Cornelius J., 222, 470 Jaffa, Harry V., 589 Jaffe,IrmaB., 1152 Jakle, John A., 142 James, Coy Hilton, 590 James, Sydney V., 39 Jedry, Christopher M., 401 Jeffrey, William, 696 Jellison, Richard M„ 591 Jennings, Francis, 223 Jensen, Merrill, 592, 699-701, 806 John, Elizabeth A. H., 224 Johnson, E.A.J., 350 Johnson, Elden, 225 Johnson, Herbert A., 953-56 Johnson, Hildegard Binder, 143 Johnson, Leo A., 40 Johnson, Patricia Givens, 144, 593 Johnston, Hugh, 131 Johnstone, Robert M., Jr., 807 Jones, Alice Hanson, 351-52 Jones, George Fenwick, 304 Jones, Gordon W., 1125 Jones, Howard, 976, 1035 Jones, J.R., 977 Jones, James W., 471 Jones, Oakah L., Jr., 41 Jones, Robert F., 808 Jones, Thomas Firth, 1093 Jordan, David William, 325 Judd, Jacob, 343, 558, 809, 810 Kaestle, Carl F., 1094 Kammen, Michael, 42,43, 110, 1036 Kaplan, Lawrence S., 594, 978 Karp, Abraham J., 472 Karsten, Peter, 811 Kaufman, Martin, 303

Author Index Kavenagh, W.Keith, 171 Kelch,RayA.,812 Keller, Karl, 473 Kelley, Joseph J., Jr., 44 Kelley, Robert, 813 Kelsey, Darwin P., 419 Kelso, William M., 1153 Kennett, Lee, 1000 Kenney, Alice P., 305 Kenney, W. Howland, 1062 Kent, Donald H., 1008 Kerber, Linda K., 298 Kershaw, Gordon E., 353 Kessell, John L., 474 Ketcham, Ralph, 814-15 Ketchum, Richard M., 595 Kettner, James H., 816 Kevitt, Chester B., 596 Kim, Sung Bok, 313 King, Duane H., 226 King, Irving H., 1001 Kirkland, Samuel, 235 Klein, Herbert S., 272 Klein, Randolph Shipley, 412 Klinck, Carl F., 227 Kline, Mary-Jo, 743 Klinefelter, Walter, 145 Knollenberg, Bernhard, 597 Knox, J.Wendell, 817 Knox, John, 1002 Koehler, Lyle, 299 Kohn, Richard H., 1003 Konig, David Thomas, 957-58 Konrad, Herman W., 420 Kopperman, Paul E., 1004 Kraft, Herbert C, 228 Kuethe, Allan J., 1005 Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, 229 Kurtz, Stephen G., 598 Kushner, Howard L, 979 Labaree, Benjamin W., 45, 194, 547 Lachance, Andre, 966 Lafaye, Jacques, 475 Lafitau, Joseph Francis, 207 Land, Aubrey C, 818 Lang, James, 354

309

Lange, Frederick W., 268 Lanning, John Tate, 1126 Laslett, Peter, 413 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 13 Laugher, Charles T., 1095 Launitz-Schurer, Leopold S., 599 Leach, Douglas Edward, 1006 Leary, Lewis, 1063 Leder, Lawrence H., 1064 Lee, Robert E., 195 Lefler,HughT.,46 Legendre, Ghislaine, 491 Lehmann, William C, 306 Lemay, J.A. Leo, 1065-67 Lemmon, Sarah McCuUoh, 47, 690 Lemon, James T., 421 Leonard, Autumn L., 1008 Lesser, Charles H., 600 Lester, Malcolm, 980 Leventhal, Herbert, 1037 Leverenz, David, 1068 Levin, David, 476 Lewis, Ronald, 273 Library of Congress, 601-604 Lindley, Harlow, 691 Lipson, Dorothy Ann, 477 Liss, Peggy K., 1007 Littlefield, Daniel F., Jr., 274 Lockhart, James, 402 Lockridge, Kenneth A., 403 Loewenberg, Bert James, 111 Lomask, Milton, 819 Lopez, Claude-Anne, 820 Lord, Walter, 605 Lorenz, Alfred Lawrence, 606 Lovejoy, DavidS., 821 Lovelace, Richard F., 478 Loveland, Anne C, 1038 Lovett, Robert W., 1096 Lowance, Mason I., 479,1039 Lower, Arthur R. M., 196 Lowrie, Ernest Benson, 480 Lucas, Paul R., 481 Lucas, Stephen E., 607 Lunt, James, 608 Lutz, Donald S., 822 Lynn, Kenneth S., 609 Lyon, Eugene, 172

310 Books on Early American History and Culture Lysaght, A.M., 1127 MacDougall, William L., 610 Mace, George, 823 MacLachlan, Colin M., 48, 967 Macleod, Duncan J., 275 Macmaster, Richard K., 49 Madsen, David, 1097 Mahon, John K., 692 Maier, Pauline, 611,824 Main, Jackson Turner, 825-26 Malone, Dumas, 827 Marambaud, Pierre, 50 Marcus, Jacob Rader, 482 Marin, Francisco de Paula, 30 Marks, Frederick W. Ill, 702 Marshall, Peter, 828 Martin, Calvin, 230 Martin, James Kirby, 51, 612-13 Mather, Cotton, 1125 Mathieu, Jacques, 197 Matson, Daniel S., 483 May, Henry F., 1040 McCaughey, Elizabeth P., 614 McCaughey, Robert A., 829 McClellan, James, 959 McCoy, Drew R., 830 McCusker, John J., 355 McDermott, John Francis, 52, 173 McDonald, Forrest, 831-33 McGiffert, Michael, 484 Mcllwaine, H.R., 834 McKay, David P., 1167 McKee, Christopher, 198 McLachlan, James, 1098 McLeod, W. Reynolds, 1082 McLoughlin, William G., 485-86 McManis, Douglas R., 146 McManus, Edgar J., 276 McNitt, Frank, 231 Meaney, Neville, 615 Mekeel, Arthur J., 487 Menemencioglu, Melahat, 127 Menier, Marie-Antoinette, 53 Merrill, Boynton, 968 Meserve, Walter J., 1168 Metzger, Charles H., 616 Mevers, Frank C , 835

Meyer, Donald H., 836 Middlekauff, Robert, 488 Miller, Floyd J., 277 Miller, Helen Hill, 837 Miller, Howard, 489 Miller, John Chester, 278 Miller, Lillian B., 617 Miller, Nathan, 618 Miller, Richard G., 404 Mills, Frederick V., Sr., 490 Miquelon, Dale, 112,356 Mitchell, Broadus, 619 Mitchell, Robert D., 357 Mohl, Raymond A., 314 Moody, Robert E., 54, 55 Moogk, Peter N., 1154 Mooney, Chase, 838 Moore, Elizabeth L., 207 Moore, John Preston, 839 Moore, Virginia, 840 Moorhead, Max L., 841 Morgan, David T., 842 Morgan, Edmund S., 279, 620 Morgan, John S., 1085, 1128 Morgan, William James, 621 Morin, Marie, 491 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 147-49 Morris, Richard B., 622, 843-44 Morris, Thomas D., 280 Moulton, Phillips P., 492 Mullin, Gerald W., 281 Munroe, John A., 56 Murdoch, David H., 623 Murray, David R., 282 Nasatir, Abraham P., 57 Nash, Gary B., 283, 624 Neatby, Hilda, 625 Neil, J. Meredith, 1155 Nelson, Paul David, 626 Nelson, William E., 960 Neuenschwander, John A., 627 Neville, John D., 845 Newcomb, Benjamin H., 846 Newton, Earle W., 23, 58 Nish, Cameron, 358 Nissenbaum, Stephen, 385-87, 1099

Author Index Nolan, Charles F., Jr., 1069 Noll, Mark A., 493 Norton, John, 227 Norton, Mary Beth, 300, 628 Norton, Thomas Elliott, 359 Novak, Steven J., 1100 Numbers, Ronald L., 1129 Nunn, Charles F., 310 O'Connor, John E., 847 O'Crouley, Pedro Alonso, 59 O'Donnell, James H., 232 Ogden, Adele, 360 Oleson, Alexandra, 1130 Oliver, Andrew, 551, 1156 Olsberg, R. Nicholas, 848 Olson, Alison Gilbert, 849 Olton, Charles S., 315 Onuf, Peter S., 850 Osinga, Jacob, 981 Ostrom, Vincent, 851 Ott, Thomas O., 852 Otte, Enrique, 402 Ouellet, Femand, 60 Oury, Guy-Marie, 494 Owsley, Harriet Chappell, 896 Page, Evelyn, 150 Palmer, Colin A., 284 Palmer, Dave Richard, 629 Pancake, John S., 630, 853 Papenfuse, Edward C, 361, 818 Parker, John, 233, 631 Parker, Mattie Erma Edwards, 854 Parkman, Ebenezer, 95 Parrish, William E., 61 Parry, J.H., 151, 174 Pasler, Margaret C, 855 Pasler, Rudolph J., 855 Paterson, Stanley, 369 Patterson, Stephen E., 856 Peach, Bernard, 632 Peckham, Howard H., 633 Pelenski, Jaroslaw, 634 Pendergast, James F., 152 Penick, James , Jr., 62 Perdue, Theda, 285 Perkins, Edwin J., 362

311

Petchenik, Barbara Bartz, 576 Peters, Ronald M., Jr., 857 Peters, Virginia Bergman, 234 Peterson, Harold L., 405 Peterson, Mendel, 199 Peterson, Merrill D., 635, 858 Pethick, Derek, 153-54 Petter, Henri, 1070 Peukert, Wener, 286 Pierce, Richard D., 495 Pilcher, George William, 496 Pilkington, Walter, 235 Pinckney, Elise, 63 Pittman, Philip, 173 Platt, Virginia Bever, 64 Pocock, J.G.A., 859-61 Pohl, Frederick J., 175 Pole, J. R, 703, 862 Polishook, Irwin H., 809 Pomfret, John E., 65 Pope, Thomas H., 66 Porter, H. C, 236 Powell, H. Benjamin, 363 Powell, J.M., 1041 Powell, Philip Wayne, 67 Powell, Richard R., 961 Powell, William S., 46, 863-64 Pred, Allan R., 1086 Price, Jacob M., 364-65 Price, Richard, 632 Prince, Carl E., 865-67 Pringle, Robert, 339 Proctor, Samuel, 68-70 Quimby,IanM. G., 1157 Quinn, David Beers, 155-57, 17677 Rainbolt, John C, 366 Rakove, Jack N., 868 Randolph, J. Ralph, 237 Rankin, Hugh F., 550, 636-37 Rawlyk, George A., 71, 662 Ray, Arthur J., 238, 367 Ray, Dorothy Jean, 239 Rayapati, J.P. Rao, 1042 Reardon, John J., 869 Reid, John G., 870

312 Books on Early American History and Culture Reid, John Philip, 240, 638-39 Reingold, Nathan, 1131 Reinhold, Meyer, 1028, 1101 Remini, Robert V., 871 Renzulli, L. Marx, 872 Reps, John W., 72 Rezneck, Samuel, 497 Rice, Duncan, 287 Rice, Howard C, 640 Rider, Hope S., 641 Ridgway, Whitman H., 873 Rieser, Leonard M., 1116 Riker, Dorothy L., 5 Riley, G. Michael, 368 Risjord, Norman K., 73, 874 Ritchie, Carson I. A., 498 Ritchie, Robert C, 875 Robinson, Donald L., 288 Robinson, W. Stitt, 74 Rock, Howard B., 316 Rodriguez, Jaime E., 48 Rogers, Alan, 876 Rogers, G.C., Jr., 877-80 Roget, Jacques Petitjean, 178 Rohrbough, Malcolm J., 406 Rollins, Richard M., 75 Ronan, Charles E., 1043 Rossie, Jonathan Gregory, 642 Rossiter, Clinton, 1044 Rothman, David J., 1132 Rouse, Parke, Jr., 76, 77 Rowe, Frederick W., 241 Rowe, G.S., 881 Royot, Daniel, 78 Royster, Charles, 643 Rrojas, F. De Borja Medina, 882 Ruddel, David-Thiery, 312 Ruigomez de Hernandez, Maria Pilar, 982 Russell, Howard S., 242 Russell, Loris, 407 Rutland, Robert A., 883-88 Rutyna, Richard E., 644 Ryerson, Richard Alan, 645 Sabine, William H. W., 646 Saffron, Morris H., 1135 Santa Maria, Vicente, 132

Santraud, Jeanne-Marie, 1071 Sappenfield, James A., 1072 Sauer, Carl Ortwin, 158 Savage, Henry, Jr., 159 Savelle,Max, 179 Scheick, William J., 499, 500 Scherer, Lester B., 289 Schlenther, Boyd Stanley, 501 Schlereth, Thomas J., 1045 Schmidt, William J., 842 Schriver, Edward, 307 Schultz, Stanley K., 1102 Schwartz, Bernard, 704 Schwarz, Philip J., 889 Scott, Donald M., 502 Scott, William B., 1046 Seaburg, Carl, 369 Sears, JoanNiles, 180 Seed, Geoffrey, 890 Seelye, John, 1073 Selby, John, 647 Sellers, Charles Coleman, 648, 1133 Sernett, Milton C, 503 Sessions, Gene Allred, 649 Sewall, Samuel, 86 Shaffer, Arthur H., 113 Shalhope, Robert E., 891 Shaw, Peter, 892 Sheehan, Bernard W., 243-44 Shepard, Thomas, 484 Shepherd, James F., 370, 377 Sheppard, Jill, 317 Sheridan, Richard B., 371 Shipton, Clifford K., 1103, 1104 Shirley, John W, 1134 Shockley, Martin Staples, 1169 Showman, Richard K., 650-51 Shuffelton, Frank, 504 Shy, John, 652 Silverman, Kenneth, 505, 1158 Simmons, R. C, 79 Simpson, Alan, 245 Simpson, George Eaton, 290 Simpson, Mary, 245 Singh, R. John, 983 Sisson, Daniel, 893 Skaggs, David Curtis, 64, 894

Author Index Slater, Peter Gregg, 414 Sloan, Douglas, 1105,1106 Slotkin, Richard, 1047 Smelser, Marshall, 653 Smith, Alice E., 80 Smith, Charles R., 654 Smith, Culver H., 895 Smith, Daniel Blake, 415 Smith, Elihu Hubbard, 18 Smith, Elwyn A., 506, 507 Smith, G. Hubert, 160 Smith, George L., 508 Smith, James K., 372 Smith, M. H., 962 Smith, Murphy D., 1107 Smith, Page, 81,655 Smith, Paul, 656-58 Smith, Philip C. F., 200, 201 Smith, Sam B., 896 Smith, William, 43 Sofaer, Abraham D., 705 Solberg, Winton U., 509 Sosin, J. M., 897 Spalding, Phinizy, 181 Spivak, Burton, 984 Sprague, Marshall, 161 Sprunger, Keith L., 510 Stackpole, Edouard A., 202 Stagg, Albert, 511 Stanford, Ann, 1074 Stanley, George F. G., 659 Stannard, David E., 512 Stapleton, Darwin H., 1136 Starr, J. Barton, 660 Steele, Colin, 1075 Steffen, Jerome O., 82 Stein, Robert Louis, 291 Stein, Stephen, 513 Steiner, Bruce E., 514 Stevens, S. K., 1008 Stewart, Catesby Willis, 661 Stewart, Gordon, 662 Stewart, Peter C, 644 Stinchcombe, William, 985 Stiverson, Gregory A., 318, 898 Stoeffler,F. Ernest, 515 Stoever, William K. B., 516 Stone, LyleM., 1159

313

Stout, Neil R, 663-64 Stowell, Marion Barber, 517 Straub, Eberhard, 1009 Stuart, Reginald C, 1010 Sturgis, William, 193 Styles, John, 942 Suggs, George G., Jr., 665 Sweet, Leonard I., 292 Symonds, Craig L., 1011 Syrett, David, 533 Syrett, Harold C, 899-905 Szatmary, David P., 906 Tachau, Mary K. Bonsteel, 963 Talman, James J., 227 Tarrade, Jean, 373 Tashjian, Ann, 1160 Tashjian, Dickran, 1160 Tate,ThadW,381 Taylor, Paul S., 182 Taylor, Robert J., 83, 374, 907 Taylor, William B., 408 Teaford, Jon C, 908 Tebbel, John, 1087 Terrell, John Upton, 84 Thayer, Theodore, 85, 666 Thomas, M. Halsey, 86 Thomas, P.D.G., 909 Thompson, Roger, 3, 301 Thomson, Buchanan Parker, 667 Thorpe, Frederick J., 1012 Tichi, Cecelia, 1076 Tinling, Marion, 87 Tise, Larry E., 549 Tishkov, V.A., 88 Todd, Helen, 246 Toohey, Robert E., 668 Toth, Charles W, 669 Tourtellot, Arthur Bemon, 910 Towner, Lawrence W., 576 Trigger, Bruce G., 152, 247 Trudel, Marcel, 183-85 Tmssell, John B. B., Jr., 1013-14 Tucker, Nathaniel, 1063 Tully, Alan, 89 Tustin, Joseph P., 670 Underdal, Stanley J., 671

314 Books on Early American History and Culture Upton, L. F. S., 248 Umess, Carol, 631 Van der Beets, Richard, 249 Van der Zee, Barbara, 90 Van der Zee, Henri, 90 Van Deventer, David E., 91 Van Dyken, Seymour, 518 Van Home, John C , 911 Van Schreeven, William J., 672 Van Til, L. John, 519 Van Winter, Pieter J., 375 Vaughan, Alden T., 92, 186, 520 Vaughan, Thomas, 162 Ver Steeg, Clarence L., 93 Vipperman, Carl J., 912 Vitzthum, Richard C , 1077 Vivan, Itala, 521 Vogel, John J., 250 Wacker, Peter O., 163 Wagoner, Jay J., 94 Walett, Francis G., 95 Walker, Geoffrey J., 376 Walker, Joseph E., 96 Wall, Robert Emmet, 97 Wallot, Jean-Pierre, 98 Walsh, Richard, 913 Walton, Gary M., 370, 377 Warch, Richard, 1108 Ward, Harry M., 673-74, 914-15 Warkentin, John, 138 Washbum, Wilcomb E., 164, 251 Washington, George, 803, 804 Washington, Ida H., 675 Washington, Paul A., 675 Watlington, Patricia, 916 Watterson, John Sayle, 917 Webb, Stephen Saunders, 1015 Weber, David J., 378 Wechsler, Louis K., 918 Weddle, Roberts., 187 Wellenreuther, Hermann, 522, 532 Wells, Robert V., 188 Wendel, Thomas, 919 Weslager, C. A., 920 Westbrook, Perry D., 1078 Weymouth, Lally, 921

Wharton, Leslie, 922 Whisenhunt, Donald W., 923 White, Donald Wallace, 676 White, Elizabeth Wade, 1079 White, Eugene E., 523 White, Morton, 677 Whitehead, John S., 1109 Wickwire, Franklin B., 924 Wickwire, Mary, 924 Wiecek, William M., 706, 707 Wildes, Harry Emerson, 99 Wilkinson, Doug, 165 Wilkinson, Norman B., 1137 Willcox, William B., 927-33 Williams, Edward G., 678, 1016 Williams, George H., 524 Williams, Glyn, 828 Williams, Gwyn A., 308 Williams, John A., 925 Williams, Joyce G., 986 Williams, William H., 1138 Williamson, Audrey, 926 Wills, Garry, 1048 Wilson, Ellen Gibson, 293 Wiltse, Charles M., 934 Winius, George D., 128 Winslow, Ola Elizabeth, 1139 Woehrmann, Paul, 1017 Wolf, Edwin, 1110 Wolf, Stephanie Grauman, 100 Wood, Jerome H., Jr., 101 Wood, Peter H., 294 Woods, Patricia Dillon, 252 Woolman, John, 492 Worrall, Arthur J., 525 Wright, Esmond, 679, 987 Wright, J. Leitch, 102, 680, 988 Wright, William C , 103, 681 Wroth, L. Kinvin, 682 Young, Alfred F., 683 Young, Christine Alice, 104 Youngs, J. William T., Jr., 526 Zahniser, Marvin R., 63 Zall,PaulM., 1080 Zemsky, Robert, 935 Ziff, Larzer, 527

Author Index 315 Zimmer, Anne Y., 684 Zoltvany, Y.F., 936 Zvesper, John, 937

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Subject Index

Reference numbers indicate bibliography entry numbers. abolitionism, 253-54, 282, 707 Acadia, 307 Accomack, Virginia, 380 Acordada, 967 Adams family, 783 Adams, Abigail, 295, 743 Adams, John, 620, 622, 635, 739, 743, 770, 892, 907, 975 Adams, John Quincy, 793 Adams, Samuel, 824 Africa, 255, 265, 274, 284-85, 290, 296, 503 Alabama, 36 Albany, N.Y., 426 Albion, Robert G., 194 Alden, John Richard, 581 All Hallow's Parish, Maryland, 169 Allegheny River, 593 Alline, Henry, 438 almanacs, 517 American Philosophical Society, 1107 American Revolution, 2, 26, 29, 37, 51,70,78,85,106, 107,110, 113,162,213,232,261-62,275, 298,300,303,311,315,352, 361,434,437,487,493,497, 528-684,708,709,721,732, 749, 757, 765, 773, 784, 805, 826,828,856,862,917,941, 973, 975, 978, 981a-83, 990-92, 1000, 1027, 1033, 1050, 1055,

1081,1117,1122,1148,1152, 1159,1162 Ames, William, 510 Annapolis, Md., 361 anthracite, 363 anthropology, 225 Antifederalists, 694, 727 Antilles, 263 Antilon letters, 850 Antinomianism, 516 apocalypse, 513 apothecaries, 1123 Appalachians, 144, 406 Appleton, Nathan, 347 apprenticeship, 312 archaeology, 105, 268, 1147, 1151, 1153,1159 architecture, 428, 1141, 1146, 1154 Arizona, 94, 474 art, 454, 467, 648 artisans, 315-16 Asbury, Francis, 424 Ashley, William H., 329 Asia, 107 assistance, writs of, 962 asylums, 1120, 1132 Atlantic Ocean, 20, 166,253, 255, 272, 286, 308, 328, 335, 338, 344 audiencias, 742 Azores, 338

318 Books on Early American History and Culture Backus, Isaac, 485 Bacon's Rebellion, 845 Baltimore, Md., 9, 687 Banks, Joseph, 1127 Banneker, Benjamin, 1111 Baptists, 486 Barbados, 268-69, 317 Bartlett, Josiah, 835 Beckley, John, 728 Bedford, Mass., 400 Beothuks, 241 Bering Strait, 239 Bering, Virus Jonassen, 130 Berkeley, George, 458 Bill of Rights, 704 Billings, William, 1167 biology, 1119 Blackbeard, 195 Blair, James, 77 Blathwayt Atlas, 119 Blathwayt, William, 119 Bonnin and Morris Co., 1150 Boston, Mass., 369, 382,461, 910, 1102,1117,1139,1149,1167 botany, 1137 Boucher, Jonathan, 684 Boudinot, Elias, 748 Bouquet, Henry, 1008, 1016 Bourbon family, 310 Bowen, Ashley, 201 Braddock, Edward, 1004 Bradford, William, 1078 Bradstreet, Anne, 1074, 1079 Bray, Thomas, 1095 Brebeuf, Jean de, 205 Bresson, Benigne, 178 Bringas, Friar, 483 Bristol Voyages, 155 British Columbia, 114, 208 Buffalo Site, 216 Burgoyne, John, 573, 585, 608 Burke, Thomas, 917 Burr, Aaron, 819, 1069 Burr's Hill, 211 business, 22, 96, 174, 319-78, 745, 853 Byrd family, 87 Byrd, William, 50, 87

Caldera, Miguel, 67 California, 132, 136-37, 322, 360, 462, 725, 961 Calvinism, 430 Canada, 11, 12, 33, 34, 40, 60, 88, 98,112,114,138,157,184-85, 208, 209, 222, 227, 230, 238, 241, 247-48, 356, 372, 391,407, 423,438,482,491,494,559, 573, 577, 659, 662, 685, 966, 1002 Cape Verdes, 338 captivity narratives, 218, 249 Caribbean Sea, 8, 35, 199, 320, 983, 998 Carleton, Christopher, 675 Carolinas, 93 Carroll, John, 465 Carrier, Jacques, 152 cartography, 545, 576, 1114 Carver, Jonathan, 233 carving, 1143-44, 1160 Cavelier, Robert, 187 Challenger, HMS, 129 Challes, Robert, 127 Champlain, Samuel de, 149 Charles II (England), 870, 897 Chase, Samuel, 950 Chatham, N.J., 676 Chauncy, Charles, 461 Cherokees, 212, 226, 240, 285 Chesapeake, 364-65, 381, 415, 874 childrearing, 411 China, 346 Church, Benjamin, 245 Cist, Jacob, 363 citizenship, 816 civil service, 865 Claibome, William, 789 Clark, Andrew Hill, 31 Clark, George Rogers, 139 Clark, William, 82 classics, 1028, 1101 Clavigero, Francisco Javier, 1043 Cleaveland, John, 401 coal, 273, 363 Coast Guard, U.S., 1001 Cobbett, William, 1083

Subject Index 319 Cochran, John, 1135 Coercive Acts (1774), 531 colleges, 1100, 1106 colonization, 7, 8, 11, 12, 25, 35, 41, 155, 163,166-88,277,999 Columbia University, 1092, 1109 Columbinus, 1063 Columbus, Christopher, 120, 1119 comedy, 1060,1062, 1080 Concord, Mass., 397 Congregationalists, 422 Congress, U.S., 657-58, 726, 755, 762-64, 785, 794, 806, 842, 868, 923 Connecticut, 19, 27, 83,477, 542, 749,785,949,1029 Connecticut River, 481 conscience, liberty of, 519 conspiracy, 817 Constitution, U.S., 256, 709, 825, 959 constitutions, 708, 753, 759, 822, 857 Continental Army, 600, 643 Continental Marines, 654 conventions, political, 746 Cook, James, 129, 131 Cooke, Ebenezer, 1051 Cornwallis, Charles, 924 Cortes, Fernando, 368, 1009 cosmopolitanism, 1045 covenant theology, 516 Coxe, Tench, 752 Crawford, William H., 838 credit, 331, 364 Creeks, 274 Creoles, 388 crime, 408, 646 Cuba, 267, 282 Cugnet, Fran^ois-Etienne, 358 Currency Act of 1764, 772 currency, 323, 355 Curwen, Samuel, 551 Cushing, Daniel, 691 Dahomey, 286 Dartmouth College, 1109,1116 Davies, Samuel, 496

Davis, Richard Beale, 1065 Dawson, John W., 152 Deane, Silas, 590 death, 512 DeBrahm, John Gerar William, 125 debt, 331 Declaration of Independence, 572, 788, 1048 Delaware, 56,464 Delaware Indians, 228 Delaware River, 441, 588 Democratic-Republican Societies, 778 demography, 24, 184, 188, 204, 271,391 Dinwiddie, Robert, 711 diplomacy, 240, 282, 667, 702, 705,844,915,969-88 District of Columbia, 258 Dorchester, Mass., 439 Downer, Silas, 540 Drake, Francis, 137 drama, 1168 drinking, 408 DuPont,E.L, 1137 Dugard family, 356 Dutch, 90, 375, 508, 510 Dwight, Timothy, 430 earthquakes, 62 Eastern State Hospital, 1120 economics, 103, 104, 174, 271, 291, 319-78, 584, 830, 897, 906, 935 education, 443, 489, 1088-1110 Edwards, Jonathan, 454, 460, 467, 500, 513, Edwards, Jonathan, Jr., 456 elections, 766, 806 Eleventh Amendment, 698 Ellery, William, 782 engineering, 1136 England, 23, 35, 58, 90, 102, 119, 134, 155, 166, 188, 190, 196, 202, 229, 236-37, 243, 253, 255, 264,282,301,354,365,371, 413,451,468,510,524,628, 717,732,737,765,786,796,

320 Books on Early American History and Culture 812,828,849,861,870,876, 897, 909, 942, 976-77, 980, 984, 987, 988, 991-93, 999, 1006, 1015, 1075 England, Church of, 443, 458, 490, 498,514,564,1095 Enlightenment, 836, 1018, 1022, 1024, 1037, 1040, 1043, 1045, 1106 environment, 1076 equality, 703 Eskimos, 239 Essex County, Mass., 957 ethics, 382,467, 632 ethnography, 302 evangelicals, 430,432,478, 503 Evans, Lewis, 145 Ewald, Johann, 670 exploration, 35, 114-65 Ezpeleta, Jose de, 882 family, 100,409-415 Federal Farmer letters, 727 Federalist Papers, 823, 851 Federalists, 404, 477, 738, 754, 778, 829, 855, 865, 872, 1003 Fell, John, 923 First Church, Salem, Mass., 495 First Citizen letters, 850 Florida, 68-70, 172, 234, 660, 680 Florida Strait, 199 Fontaine, John, 115 Forbes Road, 1016 Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 36 Fort Meigs, 691 Fort Michilimackinac, 1159 Fort Pitt, 678 Fort Wayne, 1017 Fothergill, John, 17 France, 2, 23, 25, 32, 58, 78, 98, 112,178,183,187,197,202, 222,224,252,263,291,307, 356,365,373,413,427,555, 566,971,974,981,983,985, 994, 1000, 1012 Franciscans, 302 Franklin, Benjamin, 442, 622, 733, 774,791,820,846,910,918-19,

927-33, 972, 1045, 1067, 1072 Freemasons, 477 French and Indian War, see Seven Years' War French Revolution, 2 Freneau, Philip, 1077 frontier, 67-69, 74, 82, 102, 116, 117, 220-21, 345, 357, 383,406, 474,483,498,678,768,841, 986,1047,1159 Fulton, Robert, 1128 fur trade, 135, 230, 238, 359-60, 378, 389 Gaine, Hugh, 606 Galloway, Joseph, 563, 846 Gates, Horatio, 626 gender, 295-301, 1031 Genet mission, 969 geography, 31, 114-65, 133, 138, 143,145-46,163,219,345,421 George III (England), 648, 717, 737 Georgia, 16, 21, 93, 180-82, 246, 805, 999 Germans, 304, 556 Germantown, Pennsylvania, 100 Gerry, Elbridge, 729 Gibault, Pierre, 206 Gilbert, Humphrey, 157 Gilpin, Joshua, 96 Gist, Christopher, 117 Glasgow, Scotland, 336 Glorious Revolution, 104, 821 Goddard, Stanley, 233 Godefroy, Maximilian, 1141 government, 89, 288, 325, 329, 332, 350,404, 556, 611, 613-14, 624, 656-58, 708-937, 991 gravestones, 1143-44 Great Awakening, 460, 466, 471, 1099,1105 Great Lakes, 225 Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, 76 Great Revival, 432 Greene, Nathanael, 650-51 Greenman, Jeremiah, 539

Subject Index 321 Grenada, 178 Guadalupe, 475 Guarantee Clause, 706 gunsmithing, 997 Guyart, Marie, 494 haciendas, 417, 420 Haiti, 852 Hakluyt, Richard, 156 Hamilton College, 235 Hamilton, Alexander, 622, 777, 831,899-905 Hancock, John, 781 Handlin, Oscar, 10 Harper, Robert Goodloe, 754 Harrington, James, 860 Harriot, Thomas, 1134 Hart, John, 788 Harvard College, 1096,1103,1104, 1109 Hayne, Isaac, 537 Hazen, Moses, 559 Henry, Joseph, 1131 Henry, Patrick, 724 Hessians, 670, 990 historiography, 105-113, 612, 615, 623, 665, 683 HMS Challenger, 129 Hobbes, Thomas, 695, 823 Holland, 90, 524 Hooker, Thomas, 440, 504, 524 Hopkinson,Francis, Francis,1080 1080 Hopkinson, Hopitalers of St. Joseph, 491 Howe, Richard, 575 Howe, William, 575 Hudson Bay, 238 Hudson River, 217 Hudson's Bay Company, 367 Huguenots, 115 Hume, David, 1045 humor, 1060, 1062, 1080 Huntington, Samuel, 785 Hurons, 219, 247, 250 Hutchinson, Thomas, 719 ideas, 110, 111, 292, 298, 333,431, 446,448,480,519,523,602604,677,714,720,741,799,

814,859,922,937,1018-48, 1145 IleRoyale, 1012 India, 127, 1042 Indiana, 5, 26 Ipswich, Mass., 401 Iredell, James, 798 Ireland, 115, 166, 168, 306, 638 iron, 273 Iroquois, 213, 235 Irving, Washington, 1049 Jackson, Andrew, 871, 896 Jackson, Hall, 1122 Jamaica, 109,259,271,388 Jamestown, Va., 7 Japan, 413 Jay, John, 622, 843-44 Jefferson, Thomas, 278, 316, 620, 622, 635, 734-36, 756, 771, 789, 807, 827, 830, 833, 858, 893, 921,945-46,968,984,1010, 1019,1048,1140,1163, jeremiads, 1020 Jesuits, 209 Jews, 472, 482, 497 Johnson, Samuel, 445, 1029 Johnson, William, 214 Johnson, William Samuel, 614 journalism, 1072, 1082 just war theory, 1009 Katy, 641 Kennebeck Proprietors, 353 Kentucky, 689, 753, 916, 963, 1166 King Philip's War, 245 King's College, 1092; see also Columbia University Kingston, N.Y., 28 Kirkland, Samuel, 235 Knox, William, 534 labor and class, 311-318, 624, 802 Labrador, 1127 Lafayette, marquis de, 586-87, 1038 Lafitau, Joseph Francis, 207 Lancaster, Pa., 101

322 Books on Early American History and Culture land, 185 language, 1084 Laplace, Pierre Simon, 1129 Las Casas, Bartolome de, 215 LaSalle, Robert Cavelier de, 187 Lasuen, Fermin Francisco de, 462 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 13, 1136 Laudonniere, Rene de, 118 Laurens, Henry, 877-80 LaVerendryes, Sieur de la, 160 law, 240, 251, 256, 270, 280, 638, 742,771,818,834,847,851, 854, 938-63 law, common, 960 Lee, Charles, 666 Lewis and Clark expedition, 116, 121,124,140,1118 Lewis, Isham, 968 Lewis, Lilburne, 968 libraries, 953, 1095, 1107, 1110 Lincoln, Mass., 400 literacy, 403 literature, 436, 499, 500, 713, 1039, 1049-80,1158 Livingston, William, 866-67 Locke, John, 823 Logan, James, 1110 London, 17, 648 London, Bishop of, 498 Louisbourg, 996, 1012 Louisiana, 32, 53, 57, 126, 161, 839, 945 Lovell, Solomon, 596 Lowndes, Rawlins, 912 loyalists, 293,464, 535, 543, 551, 558, 563-64, 599, 606, 614, 628, 660, 679, 684 Machiavelli, Niccolo, 859 Mackenzie, Alexander, 372 Madeira, 338 Madison, DoUey, 840 Madison, James, 622 Madison, James, 815, 840, 883-88 Maine, 870 Makemie, Francis, 501 manuscripts, 108, 109 maps, 119, 123, 145,545,576,

1114 Marin, Francisco de Paula, 30 Marines, U.S., 654 Marion, Francis, 636 maritime history, 35, 189-202; 348, 370 maritime provinces, 12, 248 Marshall, John, 938, 954-56, 1156 Maryland, 49, 72, 169, 273, 318, 325, 328, 361, 364, 584, 745, 818,850,872-73,894,913, 1066 Mason family, 49 Mason, George, 49, 837 Massachusetts, 45, 71, 86, 95, 97, 167, 200-202, 353, 369, 393, 400,439,451,461,582-83,591, 638, 682, 719, 787, 800, 856-57, 870,947,957,960,965,1146 Mather family, 488 Mather, Cotton, 476, 478, 488, 505 Mather, Increase, 479, 488 Mather, Richard, 439,488 Maumee River, 1017 McDougall, Alexander, 546, 610 McGillivray, William, 324 Mclntosh, Lachlan, 805 McKean, Thomas, 548, 881 medicine, 572, 1113, 1115, 111718, 1121-22,1125, 1136 Menendez de Aviles, Pedro, 172 Merry, Anne Brunton, 1164 Merry, Anthony, 980 Methodists, 424 Mexico, 15, 48, 67, 284, 302, 310, 368, 408, 417-18, 420, 475, 715, 802, 967, 989, 1007, 1009, 1043, 1084 Mexico, Gulf of, 23, 58, 199 Micmacs, 248 midwifery, 1121 migration, 304, 309, 310 military, 192, 231, 533, 539, 568, 580-81, 600, 618, 621, 626, 629, 633, 640, 642, 646-47, 652, 654, 659,670-71,673,685-86,973, 989-1017,1162 millenarianism, 459

Subject Index 323 millennialism, 448, 1033 ministry, 450, 463, 466, 502, 526, missions, 322, 422, 503 Mississippi River, 52, 62, 173, 329 Missouri, 61 Mitchell, John, 1114 Mobile, Ala., 36, 882 Monmouth, battle of, 666 Monongahela River, 1004 Montreal, 22,491 Morelos, 368 Mormons, 649 Morris County, N. J., 85 Morris, Richard B., 92 Morris, Robert, 327, 340-42 Murray, William Vans, 974 music, 1050, 1158, 1162-63, 1165, 1167 Napoleon, 994 Natchez, 578 Native Americans, 117, 135, 158, 203-252, 260, 283, 367, 389, 986 natural law, 1129 natural philosophy, 1116 natural rights, 750 nature, 446, 1076 Navajos, 231 navy, 192, 197-98, 200, 588, 641 Navy, French, 973 Navy, U.S., 198, 200, 568, 618, 621,641,686, 1011 Nebular Hypothesis, 1129 Nelson, Thomas, 773 Nelson, William, 911 Netherlands, 90, 305, 375, 510, 524 Neve, Felipe de, 725 New England, 146, 203, 242, 297, 299,319,326,392,394,401, 403,414,422,428,435,445, 448, 450-51, 457, 463, 466,468, 471, 482,486, 502, 520, 525-26, 786, 870, 1029, 1033, 1088, 1160, New France, 11, 32, 60, 98,112, 149,183,197,222,252,307, 358, 373,427,470, 936, 966,

1012,1154 New Granada, 1005 New Hampshire, 91, 835 New Jersey, 65, 85, 103, 163, 57071, 676, 681, 855, 923 New Madrid, 62 New Netherlands, 90, 305, 508 New Spain, 15, 24,41, 52, 57, 59, 84,133,172,224,310,368, 475,483,841 New York, 28,42,43, 90, 305, 313-14, 343, 359, 426, 482, 546, 558,591,599,730,809,875, 889, 964 New York City, 4, 316, 1094 Newberry County, S.C., 66 Newcastle, duke of, 740, 796, 812 Newfoundland, 157,241, 1127 newspapers, 895, 1050,1081-82 Nicholson, John, 321 Nootka, 154 Norse, 170, 175, 177 North Carolina, 46, 47, 93, 261, 637, 690, 784, 842, 854, 864, 917 Northampton, Va., 380 Northwest, 116, 122, 134-35, 15354, 162, 979 Northwest Passage, 165 Norton, John, 227 Nova Scotia, 71, 293, 564, 662 novels, 1061, 1070 occult, 1037 Oglethorpe, James, 181 Ohio, 250, 986 Ohio River, 142 Old Mobile, Ala., 36 Ontario, 40, 247, 1091 Oregon, 162 Paca, William, 898 Pacific Ocean, 122, 129, 153-54, 162,189,979 Paine, Thomas, 567, 792, 926 painting, 1152, 1157-58 Parkman, Ebenezer, 95 Parmenius, Stephen, 157

324 Books on Early American History and Culture Paterson, William, 847 Patton, James, 144 Peale, Charles Willson, 1133 Penn, William, 89, 99, 453, 455, 722 Pennsylvania, 38,44, 96,100,101, 321,412,421,425,453,455, 522,588,678,722,801,1014 Pennsylvania Hospital, 1138 Penobscot Expedition, 596 Perkins, T.H., 369 personal liberty laws, 280 petitioning, 718 Pettigrew family, 47 Pettigrew, Charles, 47 Pettigrew, Ebenezer, 47 Philadelphia, 76, 315, 346, 363, 379,382,404,607,645,1110, 1150 philanthropy, 244 Pickering, Timothy, 747 pietism, 515 Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, 63 piracy, 195 Pittman, Philip, 173 Plymouth, 155,914,958 poetry, 499, 1050, 1052, 1074, 1077, 1079 politics, 89, 113, 288, 325, 329, 332, 350, 376,404, 425, 522, 556, 584, 611, 613-14, 624, 642, 656-58, 696, 708-937, 945, 947, 949, 1050 popular sovereignty, 750 porcelain, 1150 portraiture, 1142, 1156 Portugal, 128, 296,433, 1018,1075 Pory, John, 863 Potts, Jonathan, 1115 poverty, 314, 318,379 powers, separation of, 750 Preble, Edward, 198 Presbyterians, 442,489, 501 President, U.S., 746 presidios, 841 Preston, William, 593 Price, Richard, 632 Princeton University, 1098

Pringle, Robert, 339 printing, 606, 1142, 1149 prisoners of war, 538, 616 prisons, 965 privacy, 394 privateering, 687 prize courts, 941 property, 1046 Providence, 641 public lands, 143 publishing, 1087 Pueblos, 84 Puritans, 167, 299, 326, 382, 431, 435-36,450,452, 457, 463,466, 468,471,480,484,509,510, 512,519-21,523-24,526-27, 957, 1020-21, 1039,1052, 1054, 1068,1074,1076,1143-44 Putnam County, W.Va., 216 Quakers, 309, 382,410,425, 453, 455, 487, 522, 525 Quebec, 11, 98, 197, 307, 312,423, 577, 1002 Quebec Act, 625 Quetzalcoatl, 475 Quincy, Josiah, 829 race, 253-94, 503, 802, 1031 Randolph, Edmund, 869 Randolph, John, 761 ratification (Constitution), 699-701 reading, 1025 "Redlegs," 317 Reformed Protestantism, 469 Regulators, 864 religion, 206, 215, 254, 289-90, 411,422-527,529,688,1032, 1037 Report of the General Survey, 125 republicanism, 859, 922, 1033 Revenue Cutter Service, U.S., 1001 revolts, 384, 408, 582-83, 639, 839 Revolution of 1800, 893 revolutions, 2, 634, 861 Reyes, Antonio de los, 511 Rhode Island, 39, 211,416, 555, 641,751,782

Subject Index 325 Richmond, Va., 674, 1169 Rochambeau, comte de, 640 Roman Catholics, 426,433,444, 465,470 Romanticism, 1035 Rouen, France, 356 Royal Navy (England), 192, 664 Ruette d'Auteuil family, 334 Ruette d'Auteuil, Denis, 334 Rush, Benjamin, 790, 1027 Russia, 345, 536, 970, 979 Sabbath, 509 Sacagawea, 121 sacramental theology, 468 Saint-Laurent, 185 Salcedo, Mauel, 712 Salem, Mass., 104, 385-87, 396, 409,495 Saltonstall family, 54, 55 Saltonstall, Leverett, 55 Salzburgers, 304 San Francisco Bay, 132 Santa Lucia, 420 Santa Maria, Vicente, 132 Saratoga, battle of, 585, 608 Scotland, 306, 336,1034, 1106 sea otters, 360 Seabury, Samuel, 514 sectionalism, 760 Seminaire de Quebec, 423 Seminoles, 234 Sepulveda, Juan Gines de, 215 Serbia, 413 serials, 1059 settlement, 41, 163, 1041 Seven Years' War, 1002, 1004, 1008,1016 Sewall, Jonathan, 535 Sewall, Samuel, 86 Shakers, 449 Shays' Rebellion, 906 Shenandoah River, 357 Shepard, Thomas, 484 Sherman, Roger, 749 shipbuilding, 191, 197 Shippen family, 412 silver, 210

Six Nations Confederacy, 227 slavery, 231, 253-94, 344,444, 707, 993 smallpox, 1139 Smith, Daniel, 768 Smith, Elihu Hubbard, 18 Smith, John, 186, 1056 Smith, Samuel, 745, 853 Smith, William, 1093 society, 21, 89,100,103, 104, 112, 267,313,349,379-408,435, 457,481,512,520,532,624, 730,800,809,818,875,957, 960, 1005 Sonora, 474, 511 Sonora, Bishop of, 511 South Carolina, 63, 66, 93, 294, 330, 332, 339, 754, 848, 965 Spain, 15,23,24,41, 52, 57-59, 84, 115,122,132,172,187,224, 282,296,310,320,354,368, 376, 402,433, 474-75, 667, 742, 767, 839, 841, 982, 988, 998, 1007,1018, 1075, Spanish Indies, 402 spirituals, 1165 St. Domingue, 267 Stamford, Conn., 27 Stamp Act, 909, 920 Stoddard, Solomon, 447 Stono Rebellion, 294 Story, Joseph, 959 Sturgis, William, 193 sugar, 371 Supreme Court, U.S., 948 surveying, 141, 889 Susquehannah Company, 374 Taos, 378 Tatham, William, 797 taxation, 393, 721, 780, 906 Taylor, Edward, 473,499 Taylor, John, 799, 891 Teach, Edward, 195 technology, 1124, 1135 tenancy, 313, 318 Tennessee, 769 Texas, 712

326 Books on Early American History and Culture theater, 1158, 1161, 1164, 1166, 1168-69 theology, 468 Thompson, Charles, 795 Tidewater region, 72, 169 timber, 196, 326 tobacco, 328,336, 365 Tomochichi, 246 Torre, Pedro de la, 1126 towns, 19, 27, 72, 100, 101, 104, 180,392,395,710,758,800, 908, 1086 Townshend, Charles, 779 trade, 174, 189-90, 196, 240, 320, 336, 346, 364-65, 370, 373, 376, 508 Trade, Lords of, 119 travel, 142, 150, 237 Trenton, N.J., 560 Trumbull, John, 1152 Tucker, Nathaniel, 1063 Tucker, Samuel, 200 Tuscon, Arizona, 24 Ulster County, N.Y., 28 Ursulines, 494 Valley Forge, 595, 1013 Van Cortlandt family, 810 Varennes, Pierre Gaultier de, 160 Vedic literature, 1042 Vergennes, comte de, 981 Vermont, 925 Vikings, 170, 175 Vinland, 175, 177 Vinland Map, 164 violence, 1047 Virginia, 6, 7, 13,49, 72, 77, 115, 141,167,186,243,257,260, 273,279,281,309,364,366, 380,437,496,591,644,672, 674,718,723-24,834,911, 943-44,997,1053,1065,1120, 1123 Voltaire, 1045 voting, 766, 806 Wales, 308

Wampanoags, 211 War of 1812, 605, 685-92, 1017 war, 995 war powers, 705 Warren, Peter, 192, 348 Warren, R.I., 211 Washington, D.C., 258 Washington, George, 560, 620, 622, 666, 744, 775-76, 803, 804, 808, 832, 1001 Webster, Daniel, 934 Webster, Noah, 75, 1085 Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 976 Weedon, George, 673 West Florida, 660 West Indies, 264, 356, 371, 669, 993 West Virginia, 216 whaling, 202 Whig political theory, 822 Wilford,LloydA.,225 Willard, Samuel, 480, 518 Williams, Roger, 459 Williamsburg, Va., 1120 Wilson, James, 890 Winchester, James, 769 Wisconsin, 80 witchcraft, 385-87 Woodford, William, 661 Woodhull, Nathaniel, 646 Woolman, John, 492 Wright, Patience, 648 writs of assistance, 962 Wyandot County, Ohio, 250 XYZ Affair, 985 Yale College, 1099, 1108,1109 Yorktown, Va., 773

About the Author RAYMOND D. IRWIN teaches American history, language, and culture at the Just Institute in Columbus Ohio, where he is director of Academic Information Services. He has written articles on colonial American religion, government, and historiography, as well as social studies teachers' guides and reference works. His bibliography, Books on Early American History and Culture, 1986-19 (Greenwood) was published in 2001.