TEACHER’S MANUAL
N O I T A Z I L A T CAP I N O I T A U T C N PU AN D
ENGLISH in context 1
ENGLISH iin n ccontext o n te x t
CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION GRAMMAR AND USAGE READING COMPREHENSION SPELLING VOCABULARY WRITING
Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Art: Elisa Ligon
SADDLEBACK PUBLISHING, INC. Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 E-Mail:
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Copyright © 2000 by Saddleback Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-56254-351-2 Printed in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 00 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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ENGLISH IN CONTEXT ■ PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Mastery of basic language skills is the overarching goal of the English in Context series. To this end, each of the six worktexts has been carefully designed to “begin at the beginning” and gradually proceed along the skills continuum. The low reading level (approximately 4.0) is consistent throughout the program. The worktexts are appropriate for use with small groups, a full class, or by independent learners. The self-explanatory nature of the lessons frees the teacher for individual mentoring. Students from middle school through adult classes will appreciate the variety of contextual themes, which include humor, amazing facts, historical highlights, and excerpts from real-world documents and forms, as well as high-interest material from academic content areas. Both illustrations and graphic art are used to support the instruction and maintain interest. A variety of puzzles, riddles, and games are intended to sharpen critical thinking skills as they provide additional interest and amusement. A handy reference guide at the back of each worktext promotes the invaluable habit of “looking up” a verifying reference when usage is in doubt. ■ TEACHING THE PROGRAM ◆ Make sure that every student has a dictionary close at hand. Many lessons refer the student to a dictionary for the purpose of checking spelling, different forms of the word, synonyms, etc. ◆ Before passing out the worktexts for the first time, anticipate the negative attitudes of students who have experienced little success in previous English studies. Point out that all lessons are short and that examples provided can be used as models. Ask students to read the worktext Introduction aloud, and then follow up with a class discussion. Encourage students to expect success. For the first few lessons in a worktext, ask a student volunteer to read the directions aloud while you observe the other students, making certain that the instructions are understood. ◆ Lesson extensions for homework and/or extra credit might include locating examples of “English in context” in newspaper or magazine clippings, or creative writing assignments such as making posters or charts, writing song lyrics or product descriptions, or finding and recording examples of the focus skill from their basal textbooks. Realia (actual business letters, operating instructions, classified ads, etc.) are extremely effective for demonstrating the relevance and everyday application of basic English skills.
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◆ Challenge students to find errors in written materials from the “real world.” Offer bonus grade points for examples of missing commas, incorrect capitalization, grammar slip-ups, etc. ◆ Riffle through each student’s worktext on a regular basis, checking to see that all assigned lessons are completed. If you think it useful, conduct a short weekly “answerchecking” session with the entire group. Keep an eye out for students who aren’t making progress. Record unit review scores on the class record chart provided. ◆ Students who are unable to keep pace with their classmates need individual evaluation. Those having difficulty with the reading level could be assigned a peer tutor or perhaps work together in a small group to thoroughly preview and follow up on lessons that are causing them problems. Some ESL students need more oral language practice before transitioning into an entire lesson presentation in print. All students need continuing encouragement from the teacher as well as his or her unflagging expectation of success. ◆ As students proceed through the worktexts, periodically reinforce selected skills and subskills in one of the following ways: (1) Choose an entry from the reference guide, write it on the board, and ask students to supply examples. (2) Integrate basic English skills instruction in various content-area presentations by asking questions about grammatical structure, interesting vocabulary, “rulebreaker” spellings, or any exemplary written formats. (3) Reinforce the correlation between spoken and written language by eliciting oral responses to the types of questions asked in the worktext lessons, e.g., “Can anyone name the part of speech for each word in the chapter title?”
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
5 860-2500 Saddleback Publishing, Inc., English in Context, © 2000 • Phone: (949)
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CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION UNIT
STUDENTS
ENGLISH IN CONTEXT
UNIT
CLASS RECORD CHART Record the number of items missed on each Unit Review next to the student’s name. If there are more than two errors, remediate as necessary.
ANSWER KEY Editing with proofreading marks is being taught throughout this book. Whenever you see this symbol: ✐, in addition to checking for correct answers, you need to check the students’ correct use of proofreading marks. For your convenience, a chart of proofreading symbols and examples of their use follows:
Mark
Meaning
PROOFREADING MARKS Example I think dogs dream. When Fido sleeps, he makes odd noises. my dog seems to dream. My Mom is an engineer. I love pizza Sam please shut the door. I voted f ro Walt. Watch ou t for wet roads. the We drove to west end of town. I ate a giant-sized huge taco. Margo asked, Where is the exit? This is Ginas car.
Indent to begin paragraph. Change to a capital letter. Change to a small letter. Insert a period. Insert a comma. Reverse the order. Close this space. Insert anything missing. Omit something. Add quotation marks. Add an apostrophe.
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CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
3. Greetings and Closings in Letters A. 1. Dear 2. Sincerely 3. My dear 4. Yours very 5. Hi 6. Your loving 7. My dearest 8. Sincerely 9. Very truly 10. Missing B. 1. Dear 2. Sincerely 3. yours 4. dear 5. sincerely 6. Sincerely 7. truly 8. Your ✐C. 1. D ear … 2. Yours v ery t ruly 3. M y d earest … 4. D ear … 5. Your l oving g randson, 6. To w hom i t may c oncern: 7. C ordially y ours, 8. H i, Aunt … 9. U ntil w e m eet a gain, 10. G reetings, c itizens,
1. First Word in a Sentence A. 1. T he … 2. correct 3. B ig … 4. O nce I … 5. correct B. 1. Clouds 2. If 3. Cumulus 4. Usually 5. Gray ✐C. We usually … pure. T he truth … impurity. I t might … sand. O ther … pollution. Raindrops form …
2. First Word in a Direct Quotation A. 1. “that 2. “Yes 3. “he 4. “No 5. “about 6. “When 7. “Wouldn’t B. 1. is 2. There 3. Is 4. there 5. what 6. What ✐C. 1. “All …, “i nterested … 2. “To …, “he … 3. “Edison …, “t o … 4. “Before …, “experts … 5. “As …, “t oday …
4. The Personal Pronoun I and Interjection O A. 1. After …, I 2. Did you … I … 3. …, O …, offer you … 4. …, yet o h how angry I was. B. 1. I 2. you 3. I
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✐C.
✐C. D ear Grandma, T hanks …. Sarah and I really …, S arah asked, “W hen … again?” “…, “is to ask her.” … tell us w hen … Your a ffectionate g randdaughter, Amy
To entertain the king, I told him this story. “Yesterday I learned the … caves. This might interest you, O mighty king. Stalactites, I was … floor. When t hey meet, they form a pillar of stone.
5. Outlines A. I. Taking care of my dog A. Feeding the dog 1. Filling the water bowl 2. Filling the kibble bowl B. Grooming my dog 1. Brushing the dog daily 2. Bathing the dog monthly a. Where I bathe the dog b. How I bathe the dog ✐B. Seasons o f t he y ear I. Winter A. Things to w ear 1. W hen it is raining a. Raincoats b. R ain boots 2. When it is s nowing a. Boots and gloves b. H ats and coats B. Things to do 1. G o ice skating 2. Build a f ire II. S ummer A. Things to wear 1. When it is s unny a. S unscreen b. S unglasses
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7. Names and Initials A. 1. Roland 2. Suzanne 3. E. L. Konigsburg 4. Mary Cassatt 5. Susan B. Anthony 6. Elizabeth Cady Stanton B. 1–4. Answers will vary. 5. Carol D. Murphy 6. Richard D. Garcia ✐C. 1. Carla F. Johnson … 2. … S uzy Q. M organ. 3. … and C arla … M ildred D. Taylor. 4. … C eline D ion. 5. … James B. T yson.
8. Personal and Professional Titles A. 1. Queen 2. queen 3. Ambassador 4. ambassador 5. Sergeant 6. sergeant B. 1. Doctor 2. doctor 3. major general 4. Major General 5. president 6. President ✐C. 1. … Senator … 2. The s enator’s … 3. The d octor … 4. … D octor … 5. … governor … 6. … G overnor …
6. Proper Nouns
9. Titles of Relationship
A. 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. boy 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. Cynthia 9. C 10. Mississippi River B. 1. brother 2. Anna 3. baseball 4. Tigers 5. Africa 6. monkey 7. Buster 8. kangaroo 9. Joey, joey C. Answers will vary.
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NAMES OF PEOPLE
A. 1. aunt 2. Uncle 3. Uncle 4. cousins 5. Cousin 6. grandma 7. Grandma B. 1. mom 2. Mom 3. brother 4. Brother 5. grandma 6. Grandma ✐C. 1. My dad … 2. …, Dad.” 3. “…, S on,” … 4. … g randma’s … 5. … G randpa … 6. … G randma …
UNIT REVIEW A. 1. Have 2. There 3. you 4. Of 5. I 6. San Francisco 7. ballets B. 1. O 2. Your 3. A 4. oh 5. When 6. when 7. a. 8. yours
10. Nationalities and Languages A. 1. Native American 2. Italians 3. Japanese 4. Egyptian 5. Aztec 6. Canadian
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✐B. 1. … N orwegian … 2. … S wedish and R ussian people. 3. Some G erman … 4. A few P olish … 5. … E nglish quickly. 6. The American … ✐C. …, an A frican-A merican, … speak F rench, he …, a M exican-A merican girl …, an I talian immigrant.
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4. … B ritish Columbia in November. 5. … N orth A merica. C. Answers will vary.
13. Geographic Names A. 1. Lake Tahoe 2. lake 3. the Straits of Florida 4. the Mediterranean Sea ✐B. 1. California’s Mojave D esert … 2. That d esert … 3. … B ridalveil Falls. 4. The beautiful w aterfall … 5. … G ulf o f the Farallons. 6. After fishing the g ulf … C. Answers will vary.
UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Corporal 2. corporal 3. Chinese 4. Alex P. Majors B. 1. mother 2. grandmother 3. Mother 4. Grandmother 5. doctor 6. Doctor 7. optometrist 8. Optometrists ✐C. A family friend, D octor Silas Gross, lives in an American town on the M exican border. … my dear u ncle, whom I haven’t seen in months. My m om tells me that U ncle Charlie will … to speak S panish. He tells me that our friend the d octor is fluent …
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14. Words Formed from Place Names A. 1. Chinese 2. Roman 3. African 4. Irish 5. Greek 6. English ✐B. 1. Apple p ie … A merican dessert. 2. … M exican food is t amales. 3. … S wedish meatballs or I talian …? 4. On her Australian … kangaroos. 5. Some S panish flamenco d ancers … 6. Twelve Canadian g eese … ✐C. … a c lass in Japanese f lower a rranging. … H awaiian … as A frican v iolets. Barbara’s F rench t eacher … the f lower a rranging class.
NAMES OF PLACES
11. Names of Cities and Towns A. 1. San Francisco 2. Chicago 3. the Windy City 4. Arlington Heights 5. Oakland 6. Glenwood Springs 7. the Big Apple ✐B. 1. … D enver, … 2. … t he Mile High City. 3. …, Mexico C ity, Mexico, … t he Mile a nd a Half City. ✐C. … Manhattan B each. … in Las Vegas, … Truth o r Consequences, N ew Mexico. … F ort W orth, … in B aton Rouge before driving h ome.
15. Direction Words A. 1. north 2. Northwest 3. South 4. northern 5. eastern 6. north 7. western 8. Midwest ✐B. 1. Get on the s outhbound … 2. C 3. … w est to my house. 4. … to the S outh. ✐C. The stands … the N orth, the S outh, the East, and the W est. … the s outh side … from the S outhwest was … listening to his s outhern accent.
12. Names of States, Countries, and Continents
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A. 1. Peru 2. North America 3. West Virginia 4. New Zealand 5. Thailand 6. Costa Rica ✐B. 1. … F rance last summer. 2. … N ew Hampshire … 3. … C anada before.
UNIT REVIEW A. 1. Istanbul 2. Turkey 3. northwestern 4. west 5. sea 6. Grecian B. 1. mountains 2. Mountains 3. river 4. River 5. Gulf 6. gulf 7. north 8. North
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✐C.
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✐B. 1. … T he Silence of the Lambs. 2. … “T he Reasons for t he Civil War.” 3. … T he Red Badge of Courage. 4. … “A n Episode of t he American Civil War.” 5. … “When Lilacs Last i n t he Dooryard Bloom’d”? 6. … Memories o f President Lincoln. ✐C. Samuel wrote … “T he Day the C ircus Came to Town.” After rewriting … “A Week in the L ife of a Circus Clown.” A movie … titled Three Rings and No Nets. To help … book called Writing a Screenplay the Easy Way.
Walter has been studying F rench … visits P aris, F rance. Walter … to E urope … trip e ast of … the P arisian cafes. Perhaps … English C hannel … in the M idwest.
NAMES OF THINGS
16. Brand Names A. 1. photocopy 2. Duplox 3. self-stick notes 4. Stick-Its 5. Stop Rays 6. sunglasses ✐B. 1. Jake wears C ool’s … 2. … j eans to school. 3. Nick … i nstant p hotographs … 4. Carl took an I nsta-P rint … 5. … in the r efrigerator. 6. … Icy-Air hanging open? ✐C. Before going … P rimo, Shelly … B right-S mile and … M intybreath. She … t oothpaste, … her m outhwash. Next … S moothie, her favorite h and l otion. When … s andals, … C lunkystocks. She … c onvertible!
19. Days, Months, and Holidays A. 1. Fridays 2. August 3. October 4. Thanksgiving 5. Halloween 6. July ✐B. 1. … pumpkin seeds on S unday. 2. … beautiful morning in A pril. 3. … vegetables in the s pring. 4. By the first of M ay, the … 5. By the end of s ummer the … 6. … O ctober, … for H alloween. ✐C. One S aturday morning, … crisp a utumn air. It … for O ctober, she thought. This year, w inter would … decoration for the H alloween party on W ednesday.
17. Organizations and Religions A. 1. Hinduism 2. Hindus 3. Pacific Bell 4. Social Security Administration 5. Christianity 6. Episcopalians ✐B. 1. Thomas … about J udaism. 2. He has … are J ews. 3. … U nited S tates P ostal S ervice. 4. … Young M en’s C hristian A ssociation. 5. Fred … L utheran friends. ✐C. David was … by the D aughters of the A merican R evolution. That o rganization sponsors … attend a C atholic university … He is a B aptist, but … all religions—C hristians, M uslims, H indus, J ews—are …
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UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. on 2. Thursday 3. November 4. Thanksgiving 5. Toys for Tots 6. Jewish ✐B. 1. Marsha only buys B rite S mile … 2. In America, … R oman C atholics … 3. … called “Just Trying to Hold O n.” 4. On Presidents’ D ay, all … 5. I’ll celebrate … on F riday night. 6. Being born on F ebruary 29, I … ✐C. This year, N ew Year’s Day falls on a T uesday. Dina wants to take M onday off work … F riday, D ecember 29. Her ski club, which calls itself S liders and G liders, has … new s ki pants, made by a company called S nowbound. She will wear her S nowbounds …
18. Titles of Work A. 1. The Pyramids of Egypt 2. Island of the Blue Dolphins 3. My Heart Will Go On 4. All Quiet on the Western Front 5. The Care and Feeding of Iguanas
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✐B. 1. The Guinness Book of World Records lists M ary F aulkner as the w orld’s most prolific w riter. Using 6 pen names, this amazing S outh A frican author has written 904 b ooks. T wo of her b ook t itles are Wind of Desire and Harvest of Deceit. 2. A n American dime novelist, P rentiss I ngraham, occasionally wrote a 3,500-word b ook overnight! He wrote 200 books on B uffalo B ill alone. 3. S uyuti, an A rab who lived more than 500 y ears ago, wrote 561 books. H e wrote on just about every aspect of s cience and l iterature. H is best known works, however, were c ommentaries on the Koran. 4. L auren P aine, an A merican paperback n ovelist, has used 70 pen names. M ost of his 850+ works are westerns. O ne of his best known t itles is The Man from Wells Fargo, which was p ublished in 1961. 5. More than 100 years ago, a popular J apanese n ovelist called B akin wrote a 106-volume novel! T he name of this giant n ovel was H akkenden, which in E nglish means Tale of Eight Dogs. 6. A n E nglish writer named Barbara C artland has written nearly 300 books. S ometimes she has p ublished more than 20 novels in one y ear! T wo of her books’ titles are The Curse of the Clan and I Seek the Miraculous. ✐C. 1. T he Baker Street Journal is published by F ordham University P ress in the B ronx, New York. I t is the o fficial journal of the Baker Street Irregulars, the A merican Sherlock H olmes S ociety. 2. The Chocolate News is published in New York, NY. Two of its recent a rticles were called “M other F udge” and “Interview: J ames C oco.”
UNIT 1– 4 REVIEW: CAPITALIZATION IN CONTEXT ✐A. D ear U ncle Joe, So far, our trip to Los A ngeles has been a lot of fun. When we landed at the airport, Calvin said, “P lease, M om, can we visit a movie studio now?” That’s why C alvin, M om, and I went to the city of B urbank on M onday. W e wanted to tour a movie studio there. When we walked onto the lot, Calvin said, “O dear Mother! This may be the start of my movie career. Bless you for taking u s here!” He’s s uch a clown! After the studio tour, we went s outheast of Burbank to the H untington L ibrary. As you know, that place is much more than just a l ibrary. I have always wanted to visit the fine art g allery there. We saw the famous painting by Thomas Gainsborough, The Blue Boy. In the same room we saw S ir Thomas Lawrence’s famous painting, Pinkie. Did you know it is a portrait of Elizabeth Barrett B rowning’s a unt? After wandering through the museum, we went to the E nglish T ea R oom. We had tea, sandwiches, and fancy d esserts. Have you ever visited this wonderful place in S an Marino, California? Next month, we’re planning a trip to the r iver. In fact, we’ll be rafting on the S acramento River within three weeks! Can you ask M r. Ferraro for a few days off work. Tell him you want to visit our I talian relatives who live near the r iver. If you come, don’t forget to bring your S un-G uard. You’ll need some s unscreen while we’re rafting! I’m sure the A merican M edical Association would agree! Well, that’s it for n ow. I hope to hear from you soon. Your l oving niece, Estelle
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B. 1. What an exciting …! 2. Oh, no! The dog …! 3. Just look at that …! 4. What delicious …! ✐C. 1. Wow! The rain forest …! 2. Look over there! What a …! 3. Quick! Hand me the …! 4. What a great photograph …! 5. Oh, no! You opened …! 6. You’ve ruined all my …!
3. Last Month’s Newsletter is p ublished in Philadelphia, PA, by the P rocrastinators’ C lub of A merica. T he magazine once a nnounced that it would give an a ward to the “P rocrastinator of the Year.” The announcement invited r eaders to submit a nominee “when you get a round to it.” ✐D. 1. “N ever give in,” Winston C hurchill advised, “n ever, never, never, never, never, never!” 2. “N ever tell people how to do things,” advised US A rmy G en. George S. P atton. “T ell them what to do and they will surprise you with their i ngenuity.” 3. Robert L. S tevenson said, “Keep your f ears to yourself, but share your courage with o thers.” ✐E. 1. T he f ather of Frederick the G reat forced g iant men to marry g iant women so he could “raise” tall guards. 2. A t one time C zar Nicholas II considered building an e lectric fence all around R ussia.
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23. Periods with Abbreviations and Initials
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A. 1. Mr Jerome B. Hollander 2. 74 Oakland Ave , Oakland, CA 94610 3. Dr and Mrs Howard Sanchez 4. C 5. Liam L Leprechaun, Jr 6. 16 ft, 7 in 7. 8 lbs of beets B. 1. … Mr Anthony B Jones to … 2. … 428 Maple Ave , her home. 3. Roz lives in Hillsdale, NJ 07642. ✐C. 1. … three lbs of fish. 2. … six mi today. 3. … Dr Harry S Blackthorn. 4. … on Elverta St is closed. 5. … is Sat , Aug 3. 6. … an in thick.
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UNIT REVIEW
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A. 1. ? 2. 3. ! 4. ? 5. Sat 6. Jan 7. Blvd B. 1. Fla 2. FL 3. yds 4. ! 5. Mrs 6. E 7. ? 8. ✐C. Jamie C Anderson … Dr. Heather M Jones, live at 14423 W Main St , Eastport, NY 11941. Last … Canyon What … had! They … Apr was … Ariz , … five mi deep! Both … one in —much less one ft—closer … 1,000-lb weight. They …
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21. Question Marks
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A. 1. …? 2. C 3. …? 4. …? B. 1. …? 2. … 3. …? 4. …? 5. …? 6. … ✐C. 1. …? 2. …? 3. …? 4. …? 5. C 6. …? 7. …?
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A. 1. Carl Sagan’s … series 2. Please sit down … with me 3. C 4. I wish Cosmos, … air again 5. Make some … show starts 6. Listen to … says about plants B. 1.–5. ✐C. 1.–5.
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END PUNCTUATION
20. Periods
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6 COMMAS 24. Separating Items in a Series A. 1. Carol, Tina, and Emily 2. May, June, and July 3. water lilies, wildflowers, and ferns 4. lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams
22. Exclamation Points A. 1. C 2. Hurry! The baby … pool! 3. …! 4. My goodness! Look …! 5. Jake! Come …!
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B. 1. … along coastlines, at the edges of marshes, and by rivers. 2. … large, yellow, fragrant flowers. 3. … hard, heavy, and valuable. 4. … to build houses, to burn as fuel, to make dyes, and to tan leather. ✐C. 1. … Farhad washed the dishes, swept the floor, and did some yard work. 2. … nickels, dimes, and quarters. 3. … books, paper, and pens. 4. … sisters, brothers, and cousins.
✐C. 1. … fishermen, clams and … 2. … crops, these fishermen … 3. …shore some …
28. Setting Off Separate Thoughts or Explanations
A. 1. , a type of rock, 2. , stream in Pennsylvania 3. , forming a waterfall 4. , who wanted a weekend home 5. , which are made of concrete, 6. , which open to terraces, B. 1. Charleston, a coastal city, was … 2. … Museum, the oldest in North America, was … 3. … New Orleans, the Big Easy. 4. … Mardi Gras, a fabulous festival, ✐C. 1. … 1850s, is … 2. … Museum, … 3. The building, formerly known as the Old Market Building, is … 4. … tower, which … 5. … museum, which is open daily, is a very …
25. Separating Parts of Addresses and Dates A. 1. July 3, 1999, 2. July 4 3. Encinitas, California 4. Oceanside, California, B. 1. … June 12, 1999, was … 2. … Dallas, Texas, for … 3. C ✐C. 1. …Tennessee, is … 2. … Hollywood, California. 3. … April 15. 4. … May 21, 2001. She … 5. … December 31, 1999? 6. … Pago Pago, American Samoa, …
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UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Washington, and 2. , an art collector, 3. jade, gold, stone, and wood B. 1. Andrew Carnegie, a self-made millionaire, was … 2. …America, he … 3. …Carnegie Institute, a cultural … 4. …history museum, an art museum, a library, and a … ✐C. Milton’s favorite book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was … story begins, Huck is living … her sister, Miss Watson. Huck’s father, who had always neglected his son, shows up one day. Hearing … kidnaps him, imprisons him in a cabin, and tries to get the treasure. After Huck escapes, he hides on Jackson’s Island. There he meets Jim, Miss Watson’s runaway slave, and his adventures really begin. The book was published in London, England, in December 1884. A few months later, in February 1885, it was published in New York.
26. Connecting Parts of Compound Sentences A. 1. , and 2. , and 3. , but 4. , or 5. , nor 6. , but B. 1. … backbones, but worms … 2. … shells, and others … 3. …snails, or do … 4. …gills, or it … 5. … gills, and they … ✐C. 1. … mollusk, but it has no shell. 2. … and each … 3. … itself, or it can move … 4. … water in, and … 5. …backward, but it …
27. Setting Off Introductory Words A. 1. world, starfish 2. coast, you 3. off, a 4. orange, they B. 1. … rock rested … 2. … lately, the … 3. … feet, the … 4. … meal, the …
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✐C.
7 APOSTROPHES AND QUOTATION MARKS 29. Apostrophes to Show Ownership A. 1. boys’ bikes 2. deer’ s antlers 3. Marge’ s message 4. teachers’ lounge B. 1. dancers’ 2. writer’ s 3. men’ s 4. actor’ s ✐C. 1. Sandra’ s … 2. … boys’ suits … 3. … grandmother’ s house … 4. … Lana’ s hours … 5. … moose’ s antlers …
Kim recently read the novel Julie of the Wolves. She … short story … called “ Every loyal.” Her … sculpture … called Midnight Howling. Next Kim read a magazine article called “ Our Friends, the Wolves.” … poem called “ Enough About Wolves Already.”
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UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Michael’s 2. didn’t 3. “ What 4. that 5. “ Birches” 6. “ that 7. children’s 8. Kennedy’s B. 1. … girl’s chair. 2. She wouldn’ t … 3. … I’ ll sit … 4. She should’ve … 5. … “ Please save my seat.” 6. … that I would. ✐C. Haven’ t you … called Jenny. It … movie Forrest Gump. In …, “ I’ m going to name all my ships after Jenny.” Here’ s a book called What to Name Your Baby. I … a boat’s name, too.
30. Apostrophes for Missing Letters A. 1. can’ t 2. couldn’ t 3. isn’ t, it’ s 4. hasn’ t 5. doesn’ t B. 1. could’ ve 2. might’ ve 3. we’ ve 4. you’ ve 5. they’ ve 6. would’ ve ✐C. 1. I should’ ve … 2. If you’ d …, you would’ ve won. 3. You’ ve come … 4. I’ ll help …
31. Quotation Marks for Direct Quotations
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A. 1. ducks 2. thick,” 3. feathers. 4. “ They ✐B. 1. …wrote, “ Nothing is certain but death and taxes.” 2. … alive,” said Henry David Thoreau. 3. … to simplify their lives. 4. … said Thoreau, “ that never fails.” C. … him if he had cut down the cherry tree. He supposedly replied, “Yes, Mother. I did cut down the cherry tree.” I then said to my mother, “ I still didn’t break the kitchen window!”
SPECIAL PUNCTUATION
33. Colons and Semicolons A. 1. trip: sandals 2. up, wash 3. 10:15 4. Jones: 5. down; we 6. down, we ✐B. At about 6:15 … types of movies: comedies, … picked one out; it was a … home, she … ingredients: chicken … She also added salt, … come over; Paula was …
34. Hyphens and Dashes 1. 3. 6. 7. 8.
32. Special Uses of Quotation Marks A. 1. “ My Pet Iguana.” 2. Carmen 3. “ To Build a Fire.” 4. Citizen Kane 5. Water Lilies ✐B. 1. … ballet The Nutcracker Suite. 2. … novel The Giver last month. 3. This poem, “ The Song of the Jellicles,” was … 4. … ship named Onward. 5. Stu’s essay, “ Dolphins at Play” …
twenty-four 2. One third im-por-tant 4. —it 5. know-it-all up-to-date, up to date recollect, re-collect red-faced, son-in-law
35. Ellipses and Slashes 1. Diana … did not know when the Revolutionary War ended. 2. Roberto … still wanted to be friends with him. 3. The exercise was made up of true/false questions.
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4. Corinne … bought eight yards of red velvet. 5. Albert and Liz … went to the prom together. 6. Cash/check /charge were the payment choices offered. 7. Stanley … knew he was ready to play baseball. 8. The question required only a yes/no answer. 9. From morning ’til night, / Then ’til dawn’s early light, / I tremble with anticipation. / The time it grows short, / Soon someone will report, / The words of my imagination. / I will soon jump and cheer, / When those words at last I hear, / You’ve graduated! Congratulations!
UNIT 5–8 REVIEW: PUNCTUATION IN CONTEXT ✐A. Answers may vary; some parentheses could be replaced with dashes or brackets. People raise chickens and turkeys for the meat; they also raise chickens for their eggs. Both the male chicken (called a rooster) and the female chicken (called a hen) have combs. The comb is a fleshy red piece of skin—I’m sure you’ve seen it on a chicken’s head. Chickens also have extra skin under the beak; this skin is called a wattle. Males have bigger combs and wattles than females do— but you already knew that. Turkeys ( larger animals than chickens) are also interesting birds. Male turkeys are called toms; females are called hens. The females (as is usual in the bird kingdom) are smaller and not as colorful as the males. Male turkeys have long wattles; they do not have a comb. Instead, they have a long piece of skin (it looks so weird) called a snood. This skin hangs over the tom’ s beak. Dave told me this: “Male turkeys have a special display to attract females. The male follows this procedure: (1) He puffs up his feathers until he is almost round. (2) He spreads his colorful tail like a fan. (3) He dances in a circle.” I asked Dave why the tom behaves this way. Dave said, “Well, haven’t you ever noticed how some boys behave around girls? They strut around and act like big shots [of course I’ve noticed this] who own the world. They’re trying to get attention, just as the tom does.” Then Dave continued by saying this: “The best example of such behavior, of course, is the peacock [such a spectacular bird].”
36. Parentheses and Brackets A. 1. (tennis … dress shoes) 2. (3) a sense of humor 3. [Didn’t he know …racing?] 4. (Jim, Jan, and Chris) 5. [whatever that means!] B. 1. … ingredients (saffron … chestnuts) are … 2. … tomorrow [hooray!], but … 3. …today: (1) put … (2) go … (3) swim … 4. … nervous (which … him) but …
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UNIT REVIEW A. 1. hours; all 2. self-assurance 3. one-third 4. —don’t take this the wrong way— 5. either/or 6. [as if I could!] B. 1. … applause: Tonya … 2. … saying, “I am … the best.” 3. … rock; I skinned my knee. 4. … cheering—a wonderful … 5. … Chapters 2 and 3 [ I’ve already done that] and … C. … fire, / …in ice. / …of desire / … favor fire. / … perish twice, / … of hate / … destruction ice / is also great / And would suffice.
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Then Dave (he seems so smart) started talking about peacocks. When he was about three fourths of the way through his speech, I had to leave. I had to pick up supplies for my preThanksgiving party. ✐B.
UNIT 1–8 REVIEW: CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION IN CONTEXT ✐A. 1. Tan asked, “ Did you know that Socrates, the brilliant Greek philosopher, invented a totally new method of study?” 2. “ Yes, I did,” Alexis answered “Later, Socrates’ study system became the basis of the scientific method we use today.” 3. “ Socrates, who lived from 470 BC to 399 BC, was condemned to death for his shocking ideas,” Tan went on 4. Alexis then explained that Socrates was the main character in his student Plato’s famous work The Republic 5. Tan then told A lexis that in The Republic Plato tried to define justice 6. “ Wow!” said Mr. Baldwin, their teacher “ You two have been studying hard.” 7. “ Do you also know that A ristotle was a student at Plato’s academy and later became a teacher there?” M r Baldwin asked.
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At one time or another Mr Ashrita Furman has held 30 world records for feats including basketball dribbling, brick carrying, and pogo- stick jumping In June 1993, he carried a 9- lb brick in one hand while he ran 64 mi From Apr 5 to Apr 6, 1991, he completed 307 games of hopscotch in 24 hrs A very versatile man, he can yodel for hrs on end, skip long distances, and juggle as he runs In Jamaica, NY, he speed-walked 70 mi while balancing a milk bottle on his head at the same time Ashrita attributes his success to practice, meditation, and relaxation
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✐C. 1. Ms Nikki Fierstos scored a field goal of approximately 79 ft, the longest basketball shot ever made by a woman, on Jan 2, 1993, in Huntington, IN
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2. In Oct 1993, Jamie Borges of the USA dribbled a basketball without “traveling” from Barrington, MA, to Boston, MA, a distance of 284.9 mi.
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Aristotle became a b rilliant teacher When Alexander the Great was 14 y ears old, he became Aristotle’ s student A ristotle taught young A lexander about the ideals of G reek civilization! He inspired Alexander with his k nowledge of natural sciences, his love of l iterature, and a respect for s ports and physical strength Aristotle was one of the few people of his a ge to recognize the wrongs of s lavery H e wrote as follows: “ T he distinction between a slave and a free person . . . has no place in Nature . . . and is devoid of j ustice ” T he amazing Aristotle wrote hundreds of books on various subjects To day he is considered one of the greatest thinkers in h istory
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3. On Apr 21, 1992, Paul Lynch of Great Britain did 124 consecutive push- ups while balancing on one index finger.
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4. Golfer L Bruce, while playing in Arkansas, aced the longest hole- in- one, a shot of 480 yds on Nov 15, 1962.
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5. Before being beaten by Notre Dame, University of Oklahoma football teams won 47 consecutive games from 1953 to 1957.
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