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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN Session 209
209 0913_04F9_c2
© 1999, Cisco Syst...
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209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN Session 209
209 0913_04F9_c2
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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What You Should Know
• BRI • T1 and E1 PRI • ISDN Protocol Architecture
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Basic Rate Access (BRI) • 2B + D • SO Interface B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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T1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) • T1 PRI or S1 Interface • Used in North America and Japan • 23 B + D B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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E1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) • E1 PRI or S2 Interface • Used in Europe • 30 B + D B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
Physical
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Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN
“
There are only two possible problems with IDSN:
The first problem occurs when you try to install it. The second problem occurs when you receive the first invoice. 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Troubleshooting ISDN
• Be systematic • Go step by step • Always troubleshoot both ends of the connection
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Troubleshooting Menu Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/Chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Ping Remote ISDN Int
ping 1.1.1.1
Ping remote int Ping remote net Tune cost
ping 1.1.1.2
1.1.1.1
Troubleshooting
ISDN
1.1.1.2
• Do not bother to look at routing or cost issues if that doesn’t work 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Debug Dialer Router# debug dialer events Dialing cause: BRIO: ip (s=172.16.1.111 d172.16.2.22)
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Ping Debug remote dialer net Tune Sh isdn coststat Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
Router# debug dialer packets BRIO: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes, interesting (ip PERMIT) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH ISDN Status Router#sh isdn status
Troubleshooting
ISDN BRIO interface
Layer 1 Status : DEACTIVATED Layer 2 NOT Activated Layer 3 Status : No Active Layer 3 Call(s)
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug LayerPPP 1 PingLayer remote 2 net TuneLayer cost 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TDM Multiplexing • Creates B1, B2 and D channels • 48 bit physical frame, 4000 frames/s, 192 kbits/s • 2 x 8 B1 bits, 2 x 8 B2 bits, 4 x 1 D bit 1
F
2 3
6
7
1
2 3
4
5
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB 11 111 1 11
F
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Troubleshooting
6 7
8
D
F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B A 22 2 22 2 22 1 11 1 11 11 Frame from NT to TE
D
B B BB BBB B 2 2 22 22 22
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B 1 11 1 111 1
D
F A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 111 1 Frame from TE to NT
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BB BBB B BB 22 22 22 22
D
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7
Synchronization Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
F
1st Line Code Violation
1
2 3
4 5 6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB BBB B B B 11 111 1 1 1
F
1
2 3 4
6
7 8
D
F N BB B BB B BB B BB B B B B B A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 Frame from NT to TE
B B BB B BBB 2 2 22 2 222
D
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B B B B B BB B 111 1 1 11 1
F
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2nd Line Code Violation
D
F A
B BB B BB B B D B B BB BBB B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 11 11 Frame from TE to NT
BB B BBB BB 22 2 222 22
D
D
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Activation ( A Bit ) Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
• A = 0 , Deactivated • A = 1 , Activated 1
F
2 3
1
F
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6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB 11 111 1 11 2 3
4
5
6 7
8
D A F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B A 22 2 22 2 22 1 11 1 11 11 Frame from NT to TE
D
B B BB BBB B 2 2 22 22 22
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B 1 11 1 111 1
D
F A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 111 1 Frame from TE to NT
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BB BBB B BB 22 22 22 22
D
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Activation Procedure: INFO 0 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal
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Activation Procedure: INFO 1 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
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Activation Procedure: INFO 2 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Activation Procedure: INFO 3 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
4– INFO 3–TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
F
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Activation Procedure: INFO 4 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
4– INFO 3–TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
F 5–INFO 4–NT Synchronizes and Sends Frames with A-bit = 1
F
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A=1
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Debug BRI: Activation 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 1B 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 20 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 3 SID interrupt. status reg = C 23:57:24: BRI: Received activation indication… 23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E 23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug BRI: T3 Timer Expires BRI: Starting Power Up timer for unit = 2 BRI: write_sid: wrote 3 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Starting T3 timer after expiry of Power Up timeout for unit = 2, current state is F4 (…) BRI: write_sid: wrote 92 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 93 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: T3 timer expired for unit = 2, current state is F2 BRI: write_sid: wrote 1 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 0 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Forced interrupt for subunit 2, slot 1 is F BRI: write_sid: wrote FF for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 1 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 0 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Deactivation for unit = 2, current state is F2 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SH CONT BRI 0 Router#sh cont bri BRIO unit 0 D Chan Info : Layer 1 is Activated Idb 0x9F6E8, ds 0xA56F8, reset_mask 0x8 buffer size 1524 RX ring with 2 entries at 0x2101600 : Rxhead 0 00 pak=0x0AB0A4 ds=0x40CE70 status=D000 pak_size=0 (…) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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PRI : SH CONT: No Alarms sh cont t1 T1 2/0 is up Description: Primary Rate Interface to DMS-100 No alarms detected Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line Data in current interval (165 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 1 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 12 Unavail Secs 209 0913_04F9_c2
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PRI: SH CONT: Alarms sh cont t1 T1 2/1 is down Transmitter is sending remote alarm Receiver has loss of signal Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line Data in current interval (160 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 160 Unavail Secs 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH ISDN Status Router#sh isdn stat Troubleshooting
The current ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
ISDN BRI0 interface Layer 1 Status: Activated Layer 2 Status: NOT Activated Layer 3 Status: No Active Call(s)
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Physical
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Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
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14
The Data Link Layer • The ISDN network does not impose the use of any data link layer protocol for the B channels • On the D channel the use of Q.921 or LAPD is defined • LAPD: Link Access Procedure on the D channel • Specified in CCITT I.441 and Q.921 • Q.921 protocol is used between the TE and the local ISDN switch (not end-to-end)
Q.921–LAPD TE 209 0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET 29
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TEI Assignment • TE sends ID REQ, switch answers with ID ASSN • AI = 127 asks for any TEI • AI = 64 means TEI 64 is assigned • Reference Indicator (RI) is a random number • RI must match in request and response ID Request (AI = 127 , RI = 23) TE
ET ID Assigned (AI = 64 , RI = 23)
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Debug ISDN Q921: TEI Assigned
• TEI 64 gets assigned by the switch 2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64
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Debug ISDN Q921: No TEI • IDREQ gets retransmitted • Timer T202 (default 2 seconds) • Every IDREQ has a different RI 2424.920 TX -> IDREQ ri = 63529 ai = 127 2426.924 TX -> IDREQ ri = 31418 ai = 127 2428.928 TX -> IDREQ ri = 9819 ai = 127 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Connection Establishment • The TE or the switch send an SABME to establish the data link connection • SABME needs to be acknowledged by a UA SABME (SAPI=0 , TEI=64) TE
ET UA (SAPI=0 , TEI=64)
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Debug ISDN Q921: Connection • You need a TEI before you can send an SABME • SAPI=0 means this data link will be used for signalling 2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64 2656.652 TX -> SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64 2656.676 RX <- UAf sapi = 0 tei = 64 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Information Transfer • Once the data link connection is established, INFO frames can be exchanged • INFO frames get acknowledged by other INFO frames or by RR frames INFO (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(S)=0 , N(R)=0) TE
ET INFO (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(S)=0 , N(R)=1)
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=1) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug ISDN Q921: Info 2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64 2656.652 TX -> SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64 2656.676 RX <- UAf sapi = 0 tei = 64 2658.360 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 0 nr = 0 2658.368 TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 1 2658.372 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 0 nr = 1 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Data Link Monitor • If no INFO frames are exchanged, the status of the data link can be checked by the periodic exchange of RR frames • This procedure is optional RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=3)
TE
ET
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=7) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Debug ISDN Q921: RR 180484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5 180488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
190484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5 190488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
200484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5 200488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
210484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5 210484 TX -> RRf 209 0913_04F9_c2
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
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SH ISDN Status Layer 1 Status: Troubleshooting
ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status:
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Physical
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Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
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The Network Layer • The ISDN network does not impose the use of any network link layer protocol for the B channels • On the D channel the use of Q.931 is defined • Q.931 protocol is used between the TE and the local ISDN switch (not end-to-end!) • Inside the ISDN network SS#7 ISUP is used
Q.931 TE 209 0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET 41
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ISDN Switch Type • Q.931 comes in many local flavours • Use the ISDN switch-type command to specify the correct version of the protocol basic-1tr6 basic-5ess basic-dms100 basic-net3 basic-ni1 basic-nwnet3 basic-nznet3 basic-ts013 209 0913_04F9_c2
- ntt - primary-4ess - primary-5ess - primary-dms100 - primary-net5 - vn2 - vn3
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Call Set Up • En-bloc sending: the initial set-up message contains all necessary addressing information
TE
Setup
ET
ET
Set-up
TE
Call Proceeding Connect
Connect Connect ACK
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Debug ISDN Q931: Outgoing Call 248236 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 6 nr = 6 SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x02 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Channel ID i = 0x83 Called Party Number i = 0x80, '372756' 248392 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 6 nr = 7 CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x82 Channel ID i = 0x89 249460 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 7 nr = 7 CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x82 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug ISDN Q93: Incoming Call 251076 RX <- UI sapi = 0 tei = 127 SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x45 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Channel ID i = 0x8A Calling Party Number i = 0x0083, '372500' Calling Party SubAddr i = 0x80, 'P2902' Called Party Number i = 0x 251564 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 8 nr = 8 CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0xC5 251996 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 8 nr = 9 CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x45 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SPIDS • Service Profile Identifier • Used to bind a specific terminal to a specific service profile (only on BRI) • SPIDS are assigned by the service provider • SPID is 10 digit telephone number + extra digits • DMS-100 and NI-1 require SPIDS • Do not use SPIDS unless you have to • SPIDS are only used in North America 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SPIDS: Configuration • Isdn spid1 spid-number (ldn) • Isdn spid2 spid-number (ldn) • Spid-number: Assigned by service provider Usually ten digit telephone number + some extra digits
• ldn: local directory number Optional Required to receive incoming calls on the second B Channel 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SPIDS: Configuration Examples • Isdn spid1 415555836201 5558362 • Isdn spid2 415555837002 5558370 • Spid-number: 415: area code 555: exchange 8362 and 8370: station ID 01 and 02: terminal identifier
• ldn: local directory number 555: exchange 8362 and 8370: station ID 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SPID Validation • SPIDS are validated by the switch • Handshake between TE and local ISDN switch • Valid SPID is acknowledged with Endpoint ID INFO (SPID = SPID1) TE
ET INFO(ENDPOINT IDENT) INFO (SPID = SPID2) INFO (ENDPOINT IDENT)
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Debug ISDN Q931 : Valid SPIDS 11438.776 TX -> INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) SPID Information i = 0x363133373835323631323030 11438.872 RX <- INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) ENDPOINT IDent i = 0xF180 11443.848 TX -> INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) SPID Information i = 0x363133373835323631333030 11443.972 RX <- INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) ENDPOINT IDent i = 0xF080 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Invalid SPIDS • Rejected by the network
INFO (SPID = SPID1) TE
ET INFO (Invalid IE Contents) INFO (SPID = SPID2) INFO (Invalid IE Contents)
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Debug ISDN Q931: Incorrect SPID
11678.060 TX -> INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) SPID Information i = 0x31323334353536373736
11678.164 RX <- INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null) Cause i = 0x82E43A–Invalid IE contents
209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH ISDN Status Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 88, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Spid Status: TEI 88, ces = 1, state = 6(not initialized)
spid1 configured, no LDN, spid1 sent, spid1 NOT valid TEI Not Assigned, ces = 2, state = 1 (terminal down)
spid2 configured, no LDN, spid2 NOT sent, spid2 NOT valid Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 1 CCBs = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Call Refused
• Call can be refused for various reasons
TE
Set-up
ET
Release Complete
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ET
Setup
TE
Release Complete
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Debug ISDN Q93: Call Refused 0:03:10: 190.680 TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x01 0:03:10:
Bearer Capability i = 0x8890
0:03:10:
Channel ID i = 0x83
0:03:10:
Called Party Number i = 0x80, '4839625'
0:03:10: 190.756 RX <- RELEASE_COMP RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x81 0:03:10: 209 0913_04F9_c2
Cause i = 0x8295 - Call rejected 55
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Call Clearing • Any side can clear the call Disconnect TE
209 0913_04F9_c2
Disconnect ET
ET
TE
Release
Release
Release Complete
Release Complete
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Debug ISDN Q931: Call Cleared 312.900 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 96 ns = 1 nr = 2 DISCONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x81 Cause i = 0x82D8 Signal i = 0x03 312.912 TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 96 nr = 2 received HOST_DISCONNECT_ACK 312.920 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 96 ns = 2 nr = 2 RELEASE pd = 8 callref = 0x01 Cause i = 0x8090 312.948 RX <- RRr sapi = 0 tei = 96 nr = 3 313.220 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 96 ns = 2 nr = 3 RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x81 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Show ISDN Status Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status: 6 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 6 CCB:callid=8020, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=22 CCB:callid=8026, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=20 CCB:callid=8027, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=18 CCB:callid=8029, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=23 CCB:callid=A02D, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=21 CCB:callid=A030, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=19
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 6 209 0913_04F9_c2
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ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
Physical
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Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
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Point-to-Point Protocol • PPP: RFC 1548 + others
Troubleshooting
• Three main components of PPP
Ping remote int
Debug dialer Multiprotocol encapsulation Sh isdn stat Link Control Protocol (LCP) Debug PPP LCP Establishing and maintaining the Speed 56/64 data link Pap/chap NCP Option negotiation (e.g. use CHAP) Ping remote net Tune cost Several Network Control Protocols (NCP) Establishing and configuring network layer protocols Protocol specific option negotiation (addresses, …) IPCP, IPXCP ATCP, … 209 0913_04F9_c2
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LCP Negotiation • Configure-Req proposes certain options • If all options are acceptable, the remote station returns a Configure-ACK Configure-Req
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
Configure-ACK 209 0913_04F9_c2
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LCP Negotiation • In reality all PPP negotiations are double negotiations Configure-Req
Configure-ACK
Configure-Req
Configure-ACK 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug PPP Packet: LCP ACK
• PPP BRI: B-Channel 1: I LCP CONFREQ(1) id 2 (4) • PPP BRI: B-Channel 1: O LCP CONFACK(2) id 2 (4)
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Debug PPP Negotiation ppp: sending CONFREQ, type = 3 (CI_AUTHTYPE), value = C023/0 ppp: sending CONFREQ, type = 5 (CI_MAGICNUMBER), value = 8C01B4 ppp: config ACK received, type = 3 (CI_AUTHTYPE), value = C023 ppp: config ACK received, type = 5 (CI_MAGICNUMBER), value = 8C01B4 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH INT BRI 0 1 BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is BRI MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) lcp state = OPEN ncp ipcp state = REQSENT ncp osicp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp ipxcp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp xnscp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp vinescp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp deccp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp bridgecp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp atalkcp state = NOT NEGOTIATED Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec 9099 packets input, 855915 bytes, 0 no buffer (…) 209 0913_04F9_c2
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
64 and 56 KBit/s • Inter-switch connections may limit the speed to 56 kbit/s
Troubleshooting
• The bearer capability can specify that the call is a 56 kbit/s call that uses V.110 rate adaptation • If the internal signalling protocol in the ISDN network is adapted to ISDN (SS#7 ISUP) this 56 kbit/s indication will carried up till the remote subscriber Setup(56) TE 209 0913_04F9_c2
(56) ET
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Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
Setup(56) ET
TE 66
33
64 and 56 KBit/s • The dialer map allows you to specify the speed for the outgoing call • Dialer map ip 1.1.1.1 123456 speed 56 • Default is 64 kbit/s Setup(56) TE
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(56) ET
Setup(56) ET
TE
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Call Not End-to-End ISDN • Many (international) ISDN connections do not yet use full ISDN signalling in the network • The consequence is that the 56 kbit/s indication is not passed to the remote switch Set-up(56) TE
(56) ET
Set-up(64) ET Not End-to-End ISDN
TE
• The receiving side thinks a 64 kbit/s call • The only indication is that the call is not end-to-end isdn. You can configure isdn not-end-to-end 56 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug ISDN Q931 17993.584 TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x02 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Troubleshooting Channel ID i = 0x83 Ping remote int Called Party Number i = 0x80, '97832480' Debug dialer 17993.820 RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8 Sh isdn stat callref = 0x82 Debug PPP LCP Channel ID i = 0x89 Speed 56/64 Locking Shift to Codeset 5 Pap/chap Codeset 5 IE 0x2A i = 0x808E0C, 'OUTSIDE CALL' NCP Ping remote net 17994.696 RX <- PROGRESS pd = 8 callref = 0x82 Tune cost Progress Ind i = 0x8A81 Call not end-to-end ISDN 17996.648 RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x82 Progress Ind i = 0x8482 - Destination address is non-ISDN 209 0913_04F9_c2
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PAP and CHAP • Authentication protocols Troubleshooting
• PAP: Password Authentication Protocol • CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
• CHAP is to be preferred over PAP 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Configuration CHAP hostname left username right password cisco int bri 0 encapsulation ppp ppp authentication chap ip add 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 dialler map ip 1.0.0.2 name right 12345
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hostname right username left password cisco int bri 0 encapsulation ppp ppp authentication chap ip add 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 dialler map ip 1.0.0.1 name left 54321
ISDN
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Debug PPP CHAP ISDN Event: Connected to 2823680 on B1 at 64 Kb/s BRI0: B-Channel 1: PPP AUTH CHAP input code = 1 id = 10 len = 14 BRI0: B-Channel 1: PPP AUTH CHAP input code = 2 id = 16 len = 26 BRI0: B-Channel 1: remote passed CHAP authentication BRI0: B-Channel 1: PPP AUTH CHAP input code = 3 id = 10 len = 4 BRI0: B-Channel 1: Passed CHAP authentication with remote… 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH DIALER Brussels# sh dial BRI0 - dialler type = ISDN Dial String
Successes Failures
4085261234
0
0
Last called Last status
never
0 incoming call(s) have been screened BRI0: B-Channel 1 - dialler type = ISDN Rotary group 0, priority = 0 Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Time until disconnect 85 secs Connected to 4085261234 (Dallas) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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The Prefix Issue • Without PAP or CHAP
Router 54321 Left
1st Call (from 40854321) 2nd Call (to 54321)
54321
Router Right
54321 Not Yet Connected
12345
• With PAP or CHAP
Router 54321 Left
Call (from 40854321)
54321 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Router Right
Left Already Connected
12345 74
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The Prefix Issue • PAP/CHAP enables you to know which site is connected • Without PAP or CHAP, this would be based on the ISDN calling number This is often problematic Calling number may not be present Calling number may be presented with/without prefixes
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
• The net result is that without PAP or CHAP you would open two half-duplex B channels (instead of one full duplex) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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NCP
• Network control protocols • Negotiate and verify network level parameters (address) • Different NCP for the different network protocols (IPCP,IPXCP, …) NCP Configure-req
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
NCP Configure-ACK 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug PPP Negotiation BRI0: B-Channel 1: O IPCP CONFREQ CONFREQ id D (10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 40 BRI0: B-Channel 1: I IPCP CONFREQ CONFREQ id C (10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 1 BRI0: B-Channel 1: O IPCP CONFACK CONFACK id C (10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 1 BRI0: B-Channel 1: I IPCP IPCP CONFACK CONFACK id D (10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 40 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH INT BRI 0 1 BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is BRI MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) lcp state = OPEN ncp ipcp state = OPEN ncp osicp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp ipxcp state = REQSENT ncp xnscp state = NOT NEGOTIATED
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
(…) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH INT BRI 0 1 BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up, line protocol is up
Troubleshooting
Hardware is BRI MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) lcp state = OPEN
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
ncp ipcp state = OPEN (…) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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ISDN Protocol Architecture
Physical Data Link
IP, … PPP
Q.931 LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
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Physical
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D-Channel Network Data Link
Network
B-Channel
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Ping Remote Networks ping 2.2.2.2 from 3.3.3.3 Troubleshooting
ping 3.3.3.3 from 2.2.2.2
1.1.1.1
ISDN
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
1.1.1.2
2.2.2.2
3.3.3.3
• Now that we con ping the remote ISDN interface, we can look at routing issues 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Static or Dynamic Routes • Static routes are most often used • Dynamic routes risk to bring up the lines all the time • If you use dynamic routes, make sure broadcast updates are forwarded over ISDN • Snapshot routing is best suited dynamic solution • ip route 170.11.12.0 255.255.255.0 170.11.18.1 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Don’t Wait for the First Bill
ping 2.2.2.2 from 3.3.3.3 Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
ping 3.3.3.3 from 2.2.2.2
2.2.2.2 209 0913_04F9_c2
1.1.1.1
ISDN
1.1.1.2
3.3.3.3
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Interesting Traffic • Dialer filter triggers call if traffic is interesting • Use sh ISDN history, debug dialer, and the ISDN mib to debug issues int bri 0 dialer-group 1 access-list 101 deny igrp 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 access-list 101 permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 dialer-list 1 list 101 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Show ISDN History Router#sh isdn hist ------------------------------------------------------------ISDN CALL HISTORY ------------------------------------------------------------History Table MaxLength = 100 entries History Retain Timer = 15 Minutes ------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Duration Remote Time until Type Number Number Seconds Name Disconnect ------------------------------------------------------------------------Out 01234 220 Paris Out 04567 521 LA Out 345 Failed In 43078 320 Orlando In 785601 Active(57) Brussels 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug Dialer router# debug dialer events Dialling cause: BRI0: ip (s=172.16.1.111 d=172.16.2.22)
router# debug dialer packets BRI0: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes, interesting (ip PERMIT) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Troubleshooting ISDN
• Be systematic • Go step by step • Always troubleshoot both ends of the connection
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Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost
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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 209
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