Cyropaedia. Volume 1 (Loeb Classical Library No. 51)

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOtJ^DED BY JAMES LOEB, LX..D. EDITED BY tT. E. PAGE, tE. CAPPS, PH.D., ix.D. L. A. POS...

Author: Xenophon; Walter Miller (trans.)

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOtJ^DED BY JAMES LOEB,

LX..D.

EDITED BY tT. E.

PAGE,

tE. CAPPS, PH.D., ix.D. L. A.

POST,

L.H.D. E.

H.

C.H., LITT.D.

tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. WARMESTGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc.

XENOPHON'S CYROPAEDIA

XENOPHON CYROPAEDIA WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

WALTER MILLER IN

TWO VOLUMES I

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSE'lTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLX

V.I

First Printed 1914 Reprinted 1925. 1947, 1960

1113885

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

CONTENTS BOOK BOOK

—THB BOYHOOD OF CYRUS n. — THK EEOBOANIZATION OF

PAGE

I.

]

THE ARMY

....

BOOK ni.—THE CONQUEST OF ABHENIA AND SCYTHIA

133

.

215

BOOK IV. THE CAPTURE OF THE FIRST AND SECOyo CAHF8 OF THE ASSYRIANS

307

—

INTRODUCTION —

Xenophon, the son of a kniglitly family of Athens historian, philosopher, essayist— was born But there is a story, not probably about 429 B.C. very well authenticated, that his life was saved by Socrates in the battle of Delium (424 b.c), and that this marked the beginning of his attachment to his general,

great master.

If this story be true, the date of his

birth can hardly

Our

be placed later than 444

b.c.

chief interest in his career centres about his

participation

Cyrus (401

the

in

B.C.)

;

Expedition

of

the Anabasis, his

that brilliant failure, gives

him

the

Younger

own account

of

his chief claim to a

among the great names in historical and his successful conduct of the Retreat of the Ten Thousand gives him his high rank among the world's great generals and tacticians. When he arrived once more in a land of Hellenic civilization, he found that his revered master Socrates had been put to death by his purblind countrymen, that the knights, to whose order he belonged, were in great disfavour, that there was no tie left to bind him to his home ; and so, with the remnant of the high

place

literature

;

vii

INTRODUCTION troops that he had brought safe back to Hellas, he

joined the Spartan king Agesilaus as he was starting for the conquest of the East,

own

against his

From that date he Scillus, among the

And

Olympia.

his other

after 357

B.C.).

an exile from Athens, at beyond the Alpheus from

lived, hills

there he wrote the A7iahasis, the

The Uparlan most of

Essays on Agesilaus,

Cyropaedia, the

Hunting, and

Horsemanship,

Constitution,

and with him fought

native city at Coronea (394

He

books.

died at Corinth some time

b.c.

Xenophon's works have been roughly classified history, philosophy, and under three categories :

miscellaneous

can scarcely be three groups. has it

much

The

essays.

made

to

fit

many

ethics, politics, tactics, etc., It is

however,

any one of these but not history; it

It is historical,

Socratic dialogue, but

has discussions of

also,

Cyropaedia, into

it is

not jjhilosophy

;

questions of education,

but

it

not an essay.

is

not biography it contains in the episode of Panthea and Abradatas, one of

biographical, but

it is

;

the most cliarming love stories in literature. We best call it an historical romance the western

—

may

pioneer in that

Like fiction,

all

field

of literature.

his followers in the

Xenophon

allows himself

the facts of history.

The

set forth in the Cyropaedia, is

realm of historical Hbei-ties with

many

constitution of Persia, as is

no

oriental reality

;

it

the constitution of Sparta, which, in his admiration

viii

INTRODUCTION for

Agesilaus and Clearchus and the Spartan disci-

he has transfigured and set up as the model of monarchy. His Persians worship heroeSj go crowned with garlands into battle, send a watchword up and down the lines as they prepare for battle, sing a paean as they enter the fight, and do many other things that real Persians never, Spartans always, did. The simple fare and dress of the Persians smack much more of the austere life of the Eurotas Valley than of the luxurious East. Even the education of the Persian youth is identically the education of young Spartans and in the teacher of Tigranes no one can fail to plinCj

his idealized constitutional

;

recognize

Socrates

himself.

So,

too,

Cyrus's in-

vincible battle lines are not the wavering,

unwieldy

hordes of orientals, easily swept away by the Grecian phalanx like chaff before the strong south-wind, but the heavy, solid masses of Sparta

;

and

his tactics

on

the march and in the fury of battle are not the tactics of a " barbarian " king, but those of the

consummate tactician who led the famous Ten riiousand Greeks from Asia back to Hellas. Actual violence to historical facts

committed. force

(550

is sometimes For example. Media was subdued by

(and treachery) in the lifetime of Astyages not voluntarily ceded to Cyrus by Cyaxares

B.C.),

as the

dowry of

daughter

his

Xenophon's story

;

it

;

Cyaxares himself,

unknown, save through seems most probable that he is

the son of Astyages,

is

ix

INTRODUCTION The conquest

wholly unhistorical. to

of Egypt, ascribed

Cyrus, was in reality accomplished by

The

and successor, Cambyscs.

beautiful

of the peaceful passing of Cyrus

is

iiis

son

account

wholly out of

accord with the well-established record of his violent

death

in the battle against the Massagetae (529 B.C.). This exhausts the tale of serious divergences from historical accuracy. There is much, on the other

hand, that has been overlooked by the critics, though is of prime importance for the history and the

it

conditions of the orient in Xenophon's

own

times.

Armenians and Chaldaeans, for example, affords us information, more full and more valuable than we have from any other Xenophon knew his Herodotus and Ctesias, source. of course, and probably other earlier historians whom we cannot identify and he drew at will from those sources such facts as he needed for the earlier history But of far more value to us is the of the East. wealth of material gathered by him on his memorable march through Asia and the flood of light that in the Cyropaedia he throws on contemporary peoples and

The account he

gives

us

of the

;

manners and customs in the orient. As a work of art, the Cyropaedia brings together and sums up the results of nearly all of Xenophon's The Anabasis and the events that literary activity. led to its composition furnish the background of the McvKirahHia geography, history, and custom ;

and the discipleship

to

Socrates

contribute

tlie

INTRODUCTION Socratic

method

in the discussions of ethics, tactics,

generalship, and statesmanship

The Spartan ideal

state

Greek

soil

Conslilidion

afford

;

the Agesitatu and the

that might have been after

basis

for

the

constructed on

the pattern of the kingdom of

on Horsemanship and Hunting every book of the Cyropaedia the views set forth in the Oeconomicus on the social status of women and the ideal relations of married life and the home have their practical realization again in the story of Panthea and Abradatas. The title of the Ci/ropaedia {The Education of Cyrus) is misleading. In its scope it includes the whole life and career of the great conqueror. The first book covers the period of his boyhood and youth, and only one chapter of that has to do strictly with his education. In the remaining seven books the theme is not his own education but his campaigns of conquest and his training of others as soldiers and citizens in his new empire. But the first book, in Cyrus

;

the

essaj-s

find full illustration in

;

dealing with the education of Cyrus, really answers

—

the supreme questions of government how to rule and how to be ruled and therefore gives its name to the whole for that problem is the real theme

—

;

of the work-

The

spirit

of the book

is

Hellenic throughout

—

picture of the East with a dash of local colour, but

dominated by the civilization in which Xenophon was reared and the ideals that he had learned to cherish.

INTRODUCTION The

corner-stone of his idealized Persian constitution,

"equality of rights before the law"

(I.

iii,

the " boasted equal freedom of speech "

18),

and

10) are transferred bodily from the democracy of Athens (I.

iii.

environment of an oriental despurpose in writing the story of Cyrus was to give his people a picture of an ideal monarchy with an ideal monarch, guided by Socratic principles and carrying out the author's In the Cijropaedia political and philosophical ideals. the didactic element dominates both the history and the fiction and the hero is an idealistic composite portrait of Socrates, the younger Cjrrus, Clearchus, to the uncongenial

potism.

And yet

his chief

;

Agesilaus, and

Xenophon

himself.

However

it

may

have been received at Athens, it is only natural that such a book should have been extremely popular among the Romans, and that Cato and Cicero should liave found in it teachings that appealed strongly to them for the upbuilding of an empire founded on the majesty of the law and on justice and righteousness, and that the younger Scipio should have had it

"always

in his

hands " as

his vade mecum.

In point of literary merit, writings

been same

of Xenophon,

criticised as

it

stands

first

among the

His hero, though he has

being a

little

too good, has the

and him by the great prophets ''The Lord God of heaven" has given of Israel. him "all the kingdoms of the earth" (II. Cliron. qualities of greatness, goodness, gentleness,

justice that are given to

INTRODUCTION 23 ; Ezra, i. 1-2) ; and the greatest of Messianic seers finds in Xenophon's hero " the Lord's

xxxvi.

anointed " (the Messiah), and makes Jehovah say of

28 xlv, 1) : " He is my shepherd and perform all my pleasure whose right hand . have holden, to subdue nations before him."

him

shall 1

(Is. xliv,

;

.

.

ztii

BIBLIOGRAPHY The most important to three families, x, y,

manuscripts of Xenophou are ascribed

and

z.

The following

are cited in the

notes:

C '( E

R A

Parisinus G Etonensis

Paris

Bodleianus Erlangensis Bremensis

Oxford Erlangen

Eton

Bremen

A

G

Guelferbytanus Escorialensis

Paris Wolfenbiittel Escorial

V

Vaticanus

Rome

H

Parisinus

Fragmenta Oxyrrhynci Ambrosianus (I V.

7-14;

iii.

44-45)

Fourteenth century Fifteenth century Fifteenth century Fifteenth century Fifteenth century Fifteenth century Fifteenth century Twelfth century Twelfth century Third century

Tenth century

Ill.^Iilan

The earliest printed edition of Xenophon is the Ijatin version of Francis Phileifus, 147G. The Princeps of the Greek text was published by Giunta at Florence in 1516 (second edition, 1527), printed from a good manuscript now lost. The title-page runs t<£5« iviOTiv if Tp5« rp fii^Xtf "Efvo^CSyros Kvpov TlaiSeias 0t0\ia r} :

Haec

hoc libro eontinentur Xenophontis Cyripedias Anabaseos Libri VII. ; Apomnemoneumaton ; de Venatione de Re Equestri ; de Equis Alendis ; Lacedaemonionim Respublica Atheniensivim Respublica ; Oeconomica Hieron Symposium ; de Graecorura Gestis Libri VII. In aedibus P. Juntae Florentiae, 1516. ic.T.X.

Libri VIII.

in

:

;

;

;

;

;

:

Bomemann

Xenophontis Opera Omnia recensita et com: mentariis instructa. 4 voU. Lipsiae 18.38-1863. Breitenbach : Xenophons Kyropaedie f iir den Schulgebrauch erklart von Ludwig Breitenbach. Leipzig 1858. 3te Aufl. (I.-IV.) 1875. (V.-VIH.) 1878 ; 4te Aufl. (I.-IV. :

:

Biichsenachiitz), 1890.

Dindorf: Xenophontis Institutio Cyri, ex Recensione et cum Annotationibus Ludovici Dindorfii. Oxonii 1857. (Referred to in the notes as Dindorf or DindorP.) Dindorf'. Xenophontis Institutio Cyri, recensuit et praefatus est Ludovicus Dindorfius. Editio IV. emendatior. Lipsiae : 1875. (Referred to iu the Qotes as Dindorf ^) :

XV

BIBLIOGRAPHY Oatl

:

Xenophon, (Euvres Completes, tiaduites en Francois du texte Grec, de la version Latins, de

et accompagnt^es

notes critiques, des variantes desnianuscrits de la Bibliothfeque Royale, etc., par J. B. Gail. VII. Tomi. Paris 1797-1815. Oemoll Xenophontis Institutio Cyri, recensuit Gulielmus GemoU. Editio Maior. Leipzig 1912. Herlhin Xenophons Cyropadie. Erklart von Friedrich Karl Hertlein. Berlin: 1853; (V.-VII.) 3te Aufl. (I.-IV. Nitsche) 1SS6. 1876 Holden The Cyropaedeia of Xenophon with Introduction and Notes. B3' the Rev. Hubert A. Holden. 4 voll. Cambridge: 1887-1890. Hug: Xenophontis Institutio Cyri, recensuit Arnoldus Hug. Lipsiae 1905. (The basis of the present text. Hutchinjion Xenophontis de Cyri Institutione Libri VIII. Graeca recognovit, cum cod. Oxon. et omnibus fere libris editis contulit, pluribus in locis emendavit, versioiio Latina reformavit, etc., Th. Hutchinson. Ed. VI. Oxonii (Londini): (1727) 1765. Marchant Xenophontis Opera Omnia recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit E. C. Marchant. O.xonii :

:

:

:

;

:

:

:

:

:

1910.

Xenophon. Cyrus. Denuo recensuit adhibita cod. Medico-Laurent, collatione Ernestus Poppo. Lipsiae 1819; 1823. Sauppe Xenophontis Opera edidit Gustavus Sauppe. 5 voll. Lipsiae 1865-1867-1870. Xenophontis quae exstant. Ex librorum scripSchneider torum fide et virorum doctorum coniecturis recensuit et interpretatus est Joannes Gottlob Schneider. 6 voll.

Poppo

:

:

:

:

:

Lipsiae: 1790-1849. Stephnmis: 'E(vo
.

.

.

.

.

:

:

:

1804.

Xenophontis Opera, Lipsiae: 1778-1782.

Zeune

xvi

:

ed.

I.

C.

Zeune.

6

voll

XENOPHON'S CYROPAEDIA BOOK

I

THE BOYHOOD OF CYRUS

£:EN0a>0NT02 KYPOY HAIAEIA

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Sauppe Din-

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GemoU.

XENOPHON'S CYROPAEDIA BOOK

1.

The thought once

I

occurred to us

how

manypreftuM:

been overthrown by people who preferred to live under any form of government other than a republican, and again, how many monarchies and how many oligarchies in times past have been abolished by the people. We reflected, moreover, how many of those individuals who have aspired to absolute power have either been deposed once for all and that right quickly or if they have continued in power, no matter for how short a time, they are objects of wonder as having proved to be wise and happy men. Then, too, we had observed, we thought, that even in private homes some people who had rather more than the usual number of servants and some also who had only a very few were nevertheless, though nominally republics

have

;

masters, quite unable to assert their authority over

even those few.

bmt^y

o^

go'ernment

XENOPHON 2.

niTi oe 7r/909 Touroi? ivevoov/xev ort dp)(0V'T6
koX oi ^ovkoXoi t&v ^omv koL oi Ittttorwv Lmrcov, xal Travre^ Bk ol Kokovfievoi, vofiei
(jiop^ol

TTeidecrdaL rol^ dp-)(pvcn.

avrd'}

vo/j^vaiv

TTopevovTal

evOvvcoaiv

oi

Tov
rj

re

dvd p(OTrov
yap at dyeXat

vop,el
vefiovTai

re

rj

TOL
'X^copCa

OTTOta av avrd^i eTrdywaLV, direxovrai re wv av avrd^ dTreipyoiai' /cal rot? xapTrocf toIvvv tol^; yiyvofievoL
al dyeXai Trdai rolf aXXoipyXoa dp^ovai re Kal a)(j>6Xovp,evoi<} drr^ avrStv dvdpoiiTOL Bk eV ovBeva
rj

rol<;

iirixet-povvraf. 3. ''Ot6 /xev Bt] ravra iveOvfiovpieOa, ovrca iyiyv(oaKO/x€V rrepl avrcov, &)? dv9pd>TT(p TrecfiVKOTi irdv-

Twv Twv dXXcov paov

el'r]

^a)cov

rj

dvOpcoircov dp'xeiv.

ivevo/jaapev ort. Kvpo
TTpdrTT}.

4

K.vpa) yovv lafiev e9€Xi]CTavra
CYROPAEDIA, 2.

And

in

I.

addition to this,

cowherds are the riders of their are the rulers of their horses,

i.

2-3

we

reflected

cattle, that

and that

all

that Aninwu

grooms

who

tracubie °'®"

are *^'^

called herdsmen might })roperly be regarded as the nders of the animals over which they are placed in

Now we noticed, as we thought, that aU charge. these herds obeyed their keepers more readily than men obey their rulers. For the herds go wherever

^

them and graze in those places he leads them and keep out of those from

their keeper directs

to which

They allow their keeper, ^^ moreover, to enjoy, just as he will, the profits that And then again, we have never accrue from them. known of a herd conspiring against its keeper, either to refuse obedience to him or to deny him the At the privilege of enjoying the profits that accrue. same time, herds are more intractable to strangers than to their rulers and those who derive profit from them. Men, however, conspire against none sooner than against those whom they see attempting to rule over them. 3. Thus, as we meditated on this analogy, we were inclined to conclude that for man, as he is constituted, it is easier to rule over any and all other creatures than to rule over men. But when we reflected that Cyrus » ""*" there was one Cyrus, the Persian, who reduced to ^°' °' obedience a vast number of men and cities and which he excludes them.

nations, we were then compelled to change oiu: opinion and decide that to rule men might be a task neither impossible nor even difficult, if one should only go about it in an intelligent manner. At all events, we know that people obeyed Cyrus willingly, although some of them were distant from him a

^

XENOPHON rov
aTre)(^ovTa
/*ev

rob^ Sk

avTov, Toy?

Kal 4.

6fi(o
ohov,

Be koI ev et^ora? otl ou5' av tSoiev,

Kal yap

fjbev

ayaTToiT} 8'

tmv oXXodv

rot toctovtov SitjveyKC

Kal rwv

Kal Twv

fiev XKvOr]
dWov

rjfiepmv

TjOeXov avTcp vTraKoveiv.

/3a(rt\eo)v,

(poTcov

irafiTToWmv

fcal fxrivSiv, roi)^ he ouS' €Q)paK6Ta
hi

iraTpiovi

eavTMV

irapeiXr]-

waO^ 6 ovrwv ^kvOmv

Krrjo-afjbevcov,

KaiTTep irafiTroWwv

ovhevo^

ap^a<;

BvvaiT

^

av edvov; iirdp^ai,

tov eavrov €0vov<; apXfov SiayevotTO, Kol 6 ^pa^ ^paKOiv Kal 6 'iWu/Jto? ^XXKvpiwv, Kal ToXka he wcravTWi edvr] aKovofiev T^ yovv ev ttj ^vpcoTrrj en Kal vvv avrovo/jui elvaL Xeyerai ^ Kal XeXvadai air^ aXXijXcov' K.vpo<; he TtapaXa^wv tocrauTtw? ovrw Kal ra ev ry Aaia av

eOvT] avTovofJui

el

ovra

6pfiijOel<;

crrpaTLci eKoirrcov fiev rjy^craro M.-^hcov, ckovtcov he

"TpKaviwv, Karearpe-^aro he %vpov^, Kaavpiov;, afKpoTepov;, ^Apafiiov^, Ka7nrah6Ka
Avhov
BaKrpiwv Kal 'Ivhav Kal K.iXlkq)V, axrauTO)? he %aKcov Kal Ila(f)Xay6v(i)V Kal Mayahth&v, Kal aXXwv he TrafnroXXoyv eOvwv, wv ovh* av ra ovofuna gx^l Tt? eLnrelv, iTrrjp^e he koI 'EiXX'^vav T(ov ev rfj ^Aata, Kara/3a
DFG

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2

6

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

i.

3-4

journey of many days, and others of many months; others, although they had never seen him, and still others who knew well that they never should see him. Nevertheless they were all willing to be his subjects.

But aU this is not so surprising after all, so very was he from all other kings, both those who have inherited their thrones from their fathers and those who have gained their crowns by their own the Scythian king, for instance, would never efforts be able to extend his rule over any other nation besides his own, although the Scj-thians are very numerous, but he would be well content if he could maintain himself in power over his own people so 4.

different

^

;

;

the Thracian king with his Thracians, the lUjrrian with his Illyrians, and so also all other nations, we are told. Those in Europe, at any rate, are said to be free and independent of one another even to this But Cyrus, finding the nations in Asia also day. independent in exactly the same way, started out

with a little band of Persians and became the leader of the Medes by their full consent and of the Hyrcanians The

extent

he then conquered Syria, Assyria, Arabi.-i, kingdom Cappadocia, both Phrygias, Lydia, Caria, Phoenicia, and Babylonia ; he ruled also over Bactria, India, and Cilicia and he was likewise king of the Sacians, Paphlagonians, Magadidae, and very many other nations, of which one could not even tell the names he brought under his sway the Asiatic Greeks also and, descending to the sea, he added both Cyprus and Egypt to his empire.

by theirs

;

;

7

XENOPHON 5. Kai TOivvv TOVTmv rmv eOvoiv rjp^ev ovre avTq> o/j.oy\(jOTT(ov ovrcov ovre aXXijXoi^i, koI o/jLco^; ihvvdaOrj^ ecfeiKeadat fiev eVi roaavTrjv yrjv T(p a(f>

eavTov

Koi

fiTjSeva

(f)6^M,

wcrre

KaTairXij^at

iravra^

avrw, iBvvdcrdr}^ Se etriOv/xiav eji^aXelv rocravrrjv tov ^ avrtp 'xapi^ecrdai coare aei rfj avrov yvcofir) d^iovv Kv^epvdcrOac, dvr)prr](TaTO

e'Tn')(eipecv

Be

roaavra

Oeiv epyov iariv,

oiroi

aOai diro rwv jSaaiXetcov, 7r/909

kairepav

ijv

re

oaa

koX

SieX-

av dp^rjrai Tt9 nopeueirpo^

rjv

re

Trpo'i

dpKTOv

rjv

€co

re

rjv

re

irpo^

/Mearj/x^piav. 6. 'H/iet9 f^ev 8r) eb? d^cov ovra Oavixd^eadaL rovrov tov dvBpa iaKeyJrdfieOa Tt? ttot cov yevedv Kol TTOtav Tivd (pvat-v e'xwv koX iroia rivl iraiBela TratBevdeh roaovrov Bi^vejKev et9 to dp)^eiv dv6pwTT(ov. oaa ovv koI irrvdofieOa koi, riadrjcrdai BoKovfiev TTepl avrou, ravra Tretpaaopbeda Btrjyij-

aacrdai.

II

Xiyerai, yeveaOai 1. naT/)09 fxev Br] 6 K0/0O9 Kafi/3uaov Uepacov ^aac\eco
MSS., except yR^G, which have ihuvnOt). M8S., except D, which omits iravras [iravras] GemoU, Marchant.

8

J

iSvviffdri

^

rov iravTas

;

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

i.

5-ii.

i

5. He ruled over these nations, even though they The secret po»" did not speak the same language as he, nor one ° ^

same

he was able which he !^ inspired, that he struck all men with terror and no one tried to withstand him and he was able to awaken in all so lively a desire to please him, that they always wished to be guided by his will. Moreover, the tribes that he brought into subjection to himself were so many that it is a difficult matter even to travel to them all, in whatever direction one begin one's journey from the palace, whether toward the east or the west, toward the north or the south. this man to be deserving of all 6. Believing admiration, we have therefore investigated who he was in his origin, what natural endowments he jX)ssessed, and what sort of education he had enjoyed, that he so greatly excelled in governing men. Accordingly, what we have found out or think we know concerning him we shall now endeavour to present. nation the

as another

;

for all that,

to cover so vast a region with the fear

;

II

Cyrus is said to have been His 1. The father of p^""^« Cambyses, king of the Persians this Cambyses belonged to the stock of the Persidae, and the Persidae derive their name from Perseus. His mother, it is generally agreed, was Mandane ; and :

XENOPHON ^AaTvayov^

rjv

^acn\e(o

en Koi

OvyaTJjp tov

M.rj8(i)i/ yevofievov^ KO/oo? Xeyerai Kal aSerai

tmv ^ap^dpcov

koXKal (juXo/xadetTTUTO^ fcal <})i\oTifi6TaTO
viro

elSo^ fiev

\i(TT09, \(rv^T)v 8e (^nXavdpwTToraTO^ ,

eTraiveicrdai eveKU. 2.

^vcTLV

TOiavrr)v firjv

8t]

fjLev

ev Tlep(T(ov

t%

v6/j,oi<:'

T/79

"^1^%% ye

erraihevdrj

ovroi he BoKovaiv oi vofwi

tov koivov ayaOov

ap')(e(79aL

/cal

fjLop(f)r]'i

StafxvrjfioveveTar

e)((ov

iirifieXofMevoL

ovk

rat? TrXetcrTat? TroXeaiv dp')(pvTai. al fiev yap ifKelaTaL TroXeif dcpelcrai TraiSeveiv 07rci)9 Ti9 eOeXet tov<; eavTov tralha^, koI avTOv^ Tov<; Trp€cr^VTepov<; ottw? eOeXovcrc hidyeiv, eireiTU TT poaTUTTOvaiv avTOCS /xr) KXeiTTeiv firjSe dpTrd^eiv, ^ia et9 ocKiav Trapievai, fit] Traleiv ov firj fii] SiKaiov, prj fiot-xeveiv, fir) direideiv dp^ovTi, Kal ToXXa Ta roiavTa d}aavTO)<:- rjv 8e ti<; tovtcov 3. oi he Ti Trapa^alvT}, ^rjpiav avTol
^

irovijpov Tivo
XovTUi Be "EcrTty

rj

ala'y^pov epyov ecfyUaOai.

ifrifie-

cohe.

avToU iXevOepa dyopa

KoXovfievr), evOa

T€ fiaaiXeia Kal ToXXa dpx^^ TreTroirjevrevdev to, fiev MVia Kal ol dyopaloi Kal Tai. al TovTwv
Ta

^

yevoixfvov

xAHR, Hug, Marchant

;

not in other MSS.,

GemoU, Breitenbach. ^

yG

OVK fvdfVTTfp 4u Hertlein, Edd.; ovk tvdiv MiVKtp (iOtv F) ovx ifMius yap xAHRD^.

;

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

1-3

this Mandane was the daughter of Astva^es, sometime king of the Medes. And even to this day the barbarians tell in story and in song that Cyrus was most handsome in person, most generous of heart, most devoted to learning, and most ambitious, so that he endured all sorts of labour and faced all sorts of danger for the sake of praise. 2. Such then were the natural endowments, physical and spiritual, that he is reputed to have had but he was educated in conformity with the . laws of the Persians ; and these laws appear in their ^Cjif^^ ^-Z*** care for the common weal not to start from the same >** point as they do in most states. For most states permit every one to train his own children just as he will, and the older people themselves to live as they please ; and then they command them not to steal and not to rob, not to break into anybody's house, not to strike a person whom they have no right to strike, not to commit adultery, not to disobey an '

;

and so forth and if a man transgress anv one of these laws, they punish him. 3. The Persian Th« Persian laws, however, begin at the beginning and take care ^Son that from the first their citizens shall not be of such a character as ever to desire anything improper or immoral and the measures they take are as follows. They have their so-called "Free Square," where officer,

;

;

the royal palace and other government buildings are located. The hucksters with their wares, their

and their vulgarities are excluded from this and relegated to anotlier part of the city, in order cries,

XI

XENOPHON et9

dWov

rfj

rmv

roirov, to?

firj

fjbtyvvrjTai

TreiraiBevfiivoyv evKocrfiia.

17

tovtmv 4.

TVp/Si]

Sipprjrai Be

r) a'yopa 77 irepl ra apyeia rerrapa pipt]' TovTwv S' ecrriv ev pev Traiauv, ev Be e^7;y9ot9. aXXo r€k€ioi<; avBpdaiv, aXKo rol
avTf)

eavTOiv )^o)pa<; eKaarot tovtoov irdpeicnv, oi pev iralBe'i

apa

yepatrepoc

rfj

rjpepa koI

r^v'iK

av eKaarw

Tera
reXeioL dvhpe^, 01 Be

01

irpo-xutpy, ttXtjv ev rai<;

al<;

avTov<; Bei irapelvai.

xal KOipMvrai Trepl ra dpx^ta crvv T0t9 yvfivr]TiKol<; OTrXof? 7r\r]v rwv ^ejaprjKOTOiv oi

Be

ovTOl

ecprj^ot,

ovT€ eTTi^rjTOVVTat,

Se

rjv

p,r)

irpopprjOrj

iroWdKi^ direlvat, Kokov. 5. " Kp')(ovre<; 8' e<^' eKacnw tovtcov tcov peptov elai BcoBeKa- BcaBeKa yap koX TlepaSiv (f)v\al Birjprjvrai. Kol eirl pev toi<; Traialv eK tmv yepairepoyv rjprjpevoi elalv ot av BoKMai Tov'i]^oi<; TcXeicov dvBpCov ot av av tov<: e^rj^ov^ l3e\Ti(nov
dpxV'^' f^'o't Be Kal to)v yepairepwv TrpoardTai rjprj^ievoi, oc TrpoaTarevovcriv,^ OTrw? Kal ovToi rd KadtJKovTa d7rore\(oacv. a Be eKdarrj rjXiKLo. TTpoaTeraKTai iroielv Btrjyrjaopeda, to? paWov BrjXov yevrjTai ^ eiripekovTai a)? av

peyiaTq
^ekricrroi elev oi TroXcTai. ^

ot irpoaTaTevovffty

Snuppe, et

13

al.

MSS.;

[o!

vpoarartvouatv} Dindorf,

Hug,

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

3-5

that their tumult may not intrude upon the orderly Ufe of the cultured, i. This square, enclosing the government buildings, is divided into four parts one of these belongs to the boys, one to the youths, another to the men of mature years, and another to those who are past the age for military service. And the laws require them to come daily to their several quarters the boys and the full-grown men at daybreak ; but the elders may come at whatever time it suits each one's convenience, except that they must present themselves on cei-tain specified days. But the youths pass the night also in light armour about the government buildings all except those who are married no inquiry is made for such, unless they be especially ordered in advance to be there, but it is not proper for them to be absent too often. 5. Over each of these divisions there are twelve officers, for the Persians are divided into twelve tribes. To have charge of the boys, such are chosen from the ranks of the elders as seem likely to make out of the boys the best men ; to have charge of the youths, such are chosen from the ranks of the mature men as seem most likely on their part to develop the youths best to preside over the mature men, those are selected who seem most likely to fit them best to execute the orders and requirements of the highest authorities ^ ; and of the elders also chiefs are selected who act as overseers to see that those of this class also do their duty. And what duties are assigned to each age to perform we shall now set forth, that it may be better understood what pains the Persians take that their citizens may prove

—

—

;

lt« o*«*»*«»t*««»

;

be the very

to *

/.e.

best.

a Coancil of Elders, under the presidency of the king.

13

"^

XENOPHON 6.

O/ fjLev 8r) TratSe? e4otrmvT€';

Sidyoucri /xavddvovTe<; SiKaioavmjv' koI Xeyovacv

on

eirl

rovro

ypd/J./j.ara

ep')(0VTai

/ui6r](Top,evoi.

wairep irap ol

S"

^/jllu

dp')(ovTe
on ^

avroiv

BiareXovai to TrXeia-Tov t^? tifxepa^; BcKd^ovT€<; avToip6va>
n

Trecdopevovi T0t
^VTepov
»

in Cdbet, Edd.;

* Sf i5«i<7To ^

14

ol

tA

MSS.

MSS., except

StSaffKoutri

.

.

.

xDGR

iirxvpws uot in

which have

xAHR.

Sf oiix fJKiirTa.

CYROPAEDIA, 6.

The boys go

to school

I.

ii.

6-8

and spend their time

in

its

method

learning justice; .ind they say that they go there curriculum: for this purpose, just as in our countr}- they say that "*' ^°^* they go to learn to read and Avrite. And their officers ,

spend the greater part of the day in deciding cases them. For, as a matter of course, boys also prefer charges against one another, just as men do, of theft, robbery, assault, cheating, slander, and other things that naturally come up; and when they discover any one committing any of these crimes, they punish him 7. and they punish also any one whom they find accusing another falsely. And they bring one another to trial also charged with an offence for which people hate one another most but go to law least, namely, that of ingratitude and if they know that any one is able to return a favour and fails to do so, they punish him also severely. For they think that the ungrateful are likely to be most neglectful of their duty toward their gods, their

0,

for

<,— ,

'

ff

'"'^'^

;

;

p.'irents, their country, and their friends for it seems that shamelessness goes hand in hand with ingratitude and it is that, we know, which leads the way to every moral wrong. 8. They teach the boys self-control also and it greatly conduces to their learning self-control that they see their elders also living temperately day by day. And they teach them likewise to obey the officers and it greatly conduces to this also that they see their elders implicitly obeying their officers. And besides, they teach them self-restraint in eating and drinking and it greatly conduces to this also that they see that their elders do not leave their ;

;

;

juA/trf' ^^^

;

;

«S

a

XENOPHON T0U9 TTpea^vrepov^ ov irpoadev

evsKa Trplv av irapa

acficocnv ol

airouvrai

/xijrpl

orav

oioacTfcaXa),

yaarpo^;

d'7ri6vTa<;

otc

ov

aXka Trapk

r(p

koI

dp)(^ovT6<;,

ol TratSe?,

ol ap^ovTe
<^ipov-

rat oe otKodev arlrov fxev aprov, oyjrov Be KapSafiov, irieip oe, rjv t*9 Sii^^, K(i)6(ova, o)? airo

dpvaaaOac.

tt/jo?

8e

rovTOt
rov iroTajxav

fxavddvovcn kuI

^

TO^eveiv Kul uKovri^eiv. M€')(^pt

yevea
e^

8r}

fiev

ot

eirraKai^eKa ircov diro

rj

Taura 'Kpdrrovaiv, eK rovrov

7raiBe<;

de 6t9 Toix; e07;/3oi;9 i^ep-x^ovrai. 9.

OvroL

Trepl

rd rj

av

\prjcrdai

TToXeci)?

Kal

cuSc.

Se/ca fxev

8oK€i
a(o<^pocrvvii
Set],

fiev

Trjv rj^iipav

rt

i]v

orav Se

e^ir)

Secovrac

firjvo^.

eauTOv^ rot? dp')(pvaL

rod KOtvov.

virep

irdvre'i jxevovai ^acrt\.ev<;

r)/j,i(reiav t?}?
Tov

SidyovaLv

r/XiKva /ndXicrra eTrt/ieXet'a? helcrdaf irap-

exovai 8e koI

orav

ol ec^r^^oi

dp)(6La, Mcrirep Trpoeip/jKafiev, /cat
ev€Ka T^9 avTij

S'

ov dv €K nraihoiv e^eXOaxrc /cocficovTai

6T1] d'

eX'^i'P

"^

eirl

Trepl

d7]pav,

iroiel he

rd

koX

dp')(^ela'

i^dyei

ttjv

tovto ttoXXAki^

Be Bel tol"? e^Lovra^

irapd TTjv (^aperpav ev KoXecp KotriBa

rj

ro^a Ka\ crdyapiv,

en Be yeopov koI TraXra Bvo, utare ro /xev d(f>eliat, rw B\ idv Biij, ex ^et/ao? '^(pijadai. 10. Bid tovto ^

irphs 5e Tovrois

' ii^dyei

Kthti

.

.

.

DFGVir, Edd.;

(pvXaKrjs

xAHR

;

irph Se

rhs

tout^j'

tjij.ia'flas

xAHR.

^uXok^i Kara-

DFGV.

t6

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

8-10

hunger until the officers dismiss and the same end is promoted by the fact that the boys do not eat with their mothers but with posts to satisfy their

them

;

their teachers, from the time the officers so direct.

Furthermore, they bring from

home bread

for their

and for drinking, if any one is thirsty, a cup to draw water from the river. Besides this, they learn to shoot and to throw the food, cress for a rehsh,

spear.

This, then, is what the boys do until they are sixteen or seventeen years of age, and after this they are promoted from the class of boys and enrolled among the young men.

Now the young men in their turn live as follows ten years after they are promoted from the class of boys they pass the nights, as we said before, about the government buildings. This they do for the sake of guarding the city and of developing their powers of self-control ; for this time of life, it seems, demands the most watchful care. And during the day, too, they put themselves at the disposal of the authorities, if they are needed for any service to the state. Whenever it is necessary, they all remain about the public buildings. But when the king goes out hunting, he takes out half the garrison and this he does many times a month. Those who go must take bow and arrows and, in addition to the quiver, a sabre or bill ^ in its scabbard ; they carry along also a light shield and two spears, one to throw, the other to use in case of necessity in a hand-to-hand encounter. 10. They provide for such hunting out 9.

:

a.

for

;

* The oriental bill was a tool or weapon with a curved bkde, shorter than a sabre and corresponding very closely to the Spanish-American machete.

B

17

'

Tontba

XENOPHON Be

8r)/jLoa-la

tov drjpdv eTTifiekovrat, KaX ^acrikev'i

(oairep Koi iv

TroXefio)

av

dXrjdeardrr)

OTi

drjpSyaiv,

avTT}

rj

ITpep

aviaraadat

eariv avroi
rjyefj,(ov

TMv dWcov

avT6
fieXirrj tS>v 7r/309

avro2
*at

"^VXH

^

oncof

SoKel elvai

tov iroXefiov.

xal

iOc^ei

eVt/LteXeTat

Koi yap OaKTrr)

ave')(ea6ai, yvfivd^ei Be koc 68onroplai(} kuI 8p6-

dvdyKT) Se

p,oL<;,

/cat

ro^evaai

OTTOv av irapaTTLTrrr]. \dKi
avdyKT)

orav

Orjyeadat

dvdiaTfjraf iraieiv

Orjpicov

ffrjpiov

koX aKOVTiaat

kuI t^v '^jfv^vv

fxev

8e

ttoX-

twv dXKifiwv

ri

yap

Btjttov 8et

to

Ofioae yiyvofievov, (ftvXd^acrdai Be to i'm<^6p6p,evov'

ooaTe ov paBiov evpelv tl iv

ttj

dr]pa aTrearc Ttav

iv iroXififp TrapovTcov. Be

11. ^E^epx,ovTai

e^oi/re?

TciWa

irXelov pAv,

Be 6p,oiov.

arrjaeiav,

KaTap.elvai TTjv

rjv r)

ttjv

irrrl

to

co?

dypav t&v

elK6<;,

ovk dv dpi-

/cal d7]pu>vTe
Be

Setjarj

rt,

aWtu?

drjpav, TO ovv

rj

evcKa

iiri-

BiaTpl^au

irepl

drjpiov

iOeXi^crcoat

dpiarov TraiBcov,

dpiaTOV tovto

BecTrvijaavTe^i

v(TTepatav av drjpcoai pixP^ Beiirvov, xal p>iav TOVTco TO) rjpApa Xoyi^ovTai, oti p,td<; dp,(f)(o TTjV

Tip,epa<}

(tItov

Banravaxyi.

idi^eadai, eveKa,

SvvcovTai tovto

1

i8

iirif»i\fTat

'iv

xal

Troielv.

Dindorf,

tovto Be

idv tl koI iv

Hug

;

oyjrov Be

HifxfKflTai

iroiovcri

tov

•jroXep.cp Berjtjrj,

tovto eyov-

MSS., moat Edd.

CYROPAEDIA,

1.

ii.

lo-ii

of the public treasury ; and as the king is their leader in war, so he not only takes part in the hunt himself but sees to it that the others hunt, too. The state bears the expense of the hunting for the Theciiaaei ^°' reason that the training it gives seems to be the ^^^^ For it accustoms best preparation for war itself. them to rise early in the morning and to endure both heat and cold, and it gives them practice in taking long tramps and runs, and they have to shoot or spear a wild beast whenever it comes in their way. And they must often whet their courage when one of the fierce beasts shows fight for, of course, they must strike down the animal that comes to close quarters with them, and they must be on their guard against the one that threatens to attack them. In a word, it is not easy to find any quality required in war that is not required also in the chase. 11. When they go out hunting they carry along a lunch,^ more in quantity than that of the boys, as is ? but they proper, but in other respects the same would never think of lunching while they are busy If, however, for some reason it is newith the chase. cessary to stay longer on account of the game or if for some other reason they wish to continue longer on the chase, then they make their dinner of this luncheon and hunt again on the following day until dinner time and these two days they count as one, because they consume but one day's provisions. This they do to harden themselves, in order that, if ever it is necessary in war, they may be able to do the same. Those of this age have for relish thegame thatthey kill ;

;

;

•

^

the first (iptarov, ate but two meals a day toward midday, the other (Suiryoy, diner) towai-^

The Greeks

difeuner)

:

aon-down.

19

XENOPHON TrfKuKOvroL 6

(TLV ol

Kciphafxov.

el

8e

n

av dtjpdacoacv el Sk firj, to avrov^ oterat rj iadleiv

Tt9

orav KcipSafiou fiovov e'XaxTLV eirl rat (tCto), orav vSwp ttlvoxtiv, dvafMvrjcrOijra) TTw? fjuev r)8v fid^a koX dpro^ Treivcovri (pajeiv,

aTySw?, rj

TTiveiv drjSo)^,

TTto?

Be rjSv v8(op TTielv Si'^covrc.

At 8' av fjL€vov<7ai (pvXal BiaTpi^ova-i fieXerd re dWa d TraiSe^ 6vt€^ e/xadoi/ kuI To^eveiv Koi dKovrl^eiv, Kal Siaycovi^o/jievoi ravra 12.

TOiaaL

TTpo
aXX/;Xof

rovTcov

d'yoiue'i

BiareXovaLv.

elcrX

he Kal Stj/xoaioi

Kal dOXa •npoTiderai'

rofv (jivXoov irXelaTOi

wen

ev

Barj fioveararoL

7}

5'

av

Kal dv-

SpiKcoraTOi Kal evTrcaTOTaroi., eiraivovatv ol iroXlTut Kal ri/xuxTiv ov /xovov top vvv dpxovra avroiv,

dXXd Kal

6ari
ypSivrat, he Tol
rj

Xrjo-Ta^ vTTohpafielv

rd^ovi; epya

TavTa

^

rj

tmv

icp'^^av al dp^al,

rjv

KaKovpjov^ ipevvrjaai Kal dXXo rt oaa laxvof rj

rj rj

icm.

fxev hrj ol

€
irpdrrovaiv.

eTreihdv

rd BeKa tn] hiaTeXeacoaiv, i^epxovrai eh roi/f du e^eXdwai 13. d(f)' ov S' reXeiovi dvhpaf. he

ypovov

-

ovroL av irevre Kal etKOtriv

err]

hidyovtriv

irpSiTov fiev oiairep ol e(f)7}^oi irapexovaiv eavTOvq rat? a/5%at9 ^p^tr^at, ^v re her) virep rov o)he.

KOLVov, oaa (ppovovvrrov re rjhrj epya ean Kai en r^v he irot'^ her] arpareveadaL, ro^a hvvap,evo3v. ^ Before ipya xAHR have &\\a. * '

20

After xp^^o^ KOI Diudorf

;

y^

'^'^^

ttov

^^

MSS.

''"'**'

i
CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

11-13

they fail to kill any, then cresses. Now, if any one thinks that they do not enjoy eating, when they have only cresses with their bread, or that they do not enjoy drinking when they drink only water, let him remember how sweet barley bread and wheaten if

bread taste when one is hungr}-, and how sweet water is to drink when one is thirsty. 1 2. The divisions remaining at home, in their turn, pass their time shooting with the bow and hurling the spear and practising all the other arts that they learned when they were boys, and they continually engage in contests of this kind with one another. And there are also public contests of this sort, for which prizes are offered ; and whatever division has the greatest number of the most expert, the most manly, and the best disciplined young men, the citizens praise and honour not only its present chief officer but also the one who trained them when And of the youths who remain they were boys. behind, the authorities employ any that they may W^ need, whether for garrison duty or for arresting criminals or for hunting down robbers, or for any other service that demands strength or dispatch. Such, then, is the occupation of the youths. And when they have completed their ten years, they are promoted and enrolled in the class of the mature men. 13. And these, in turn, for twenty-five years a lutore ™** after the time they are there enrolled, are occupied as follows. In the first place, like the youths, they are at the disposal of the authorities, if they are needed in the interest of the commonwealth in any service that requires men who have already attained discretion and are still strong in body. But if it is

31

XENOPHON ^ev

ovTW

01

TraXrh

TrcTraiSevfievoi ovk€ti

ra

arrparevovrai,

Ocopaxd re

KoXovfieva,

yeppov

iv

Tlepcrai,

apiarepa,

ttj

iv

'iypvre'i,

he

olovrrep rfj

oifka

arepvof;

rot?

irepl

e^ovre^ ovBe

a^yeyuaya

S*

xal

ypd(f)ovTai

Se^ca

ol

fidycupav

fj

Kol ai dpyal 8e Trdcrai ck tovtq)p KaBi-

KOTTiha.

crravrai irXrjv ol tcov nraihcov hiZdaKoXoi. ^Kireihav he rcL irevre koX eixocriv errj SiareXe-

awatv, eirjaav

[xev cLv

rd TTevTTjKovra

r)

e^epypvrat he

yeved^'

diro

err]

eh rovf

rrjviKavra

ovtol rrXeiov ri yeyovore^

yepairepou^;

6vra<;

xal

re

Ka\ovfievov<;. 14.

Ot

S'

ovKeri e^co

av

t%

yepairepoi, ovroi arparevovrai /xev

eavr&v, oikoi he

rd re KOivd koX rd ovroi

Kpivovcn,

alpovvrai'

dvSpdatv

Koi

fcal rfv t*9

rd
ev

he

htxa^ovai

Kot davdrov he

dpyd<; €
ovroi rj

Trdaa<;

ev re\e[ot
iXXiTTT) ri ro)v vofMip,(ov, ^aivovcri /xev ol

(^vXapyoi eKacrrOL xal rwv ol

fievovre
thia irdvra.

yepatrepoi

dWav

aKovcravref

6 ^ov\6p,evo
eKKpivovaiv'

o

he

eKKpiOel<; dri/xo<; hiareXel rov Xoittov ^lov. 15.

"Iva he aa^ecrrepov hrjXwOfj irdaa

TToXcreta, fUKpov eTrdvetpLf vvv

av

ydp 2a

hrjXcodeirj

TLepcTat

yap

hid rd Trpoeiprjfieva. d/x(f)l

rd
hcoheKa

-f]

Tlepa-wv

ev fipayvrdrtp

Xeyovrai

/xvpcdhaf

/xev

elvaf

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

13-15

uecessary to make a military expedition anywhere, those who have been thus educated take the field, no longer with bow and arrows, nor yet with spears, but with what are termed '' weapons for close conflict"— a corselet about their breast, a round shield u|X)n their left arm (such as Persians are represented with in art), and in their right hands a sabre or bill. From this division also all the magistrates are selected, except the teachers of the boys. And when they have completed the five-andtwenty years, they are, as one w^ould expect, somewhat more than fifty years of age ; and then they come out and take their places among those who really are, as they are called, the "elders." 14. Now these elders, in their turn, no longer per- d. Eiders form military service outside their own country, but they remain at home and try all sorts of cases, both public and private. They try people indicted for capital offences also, and they elect all the officers. And if any one, either among the youths or among the mature men, fail in any one of the duties prescribed by law, the respective officers of that division, or any one else who will, may enter complamt, and the elders, when they have heard the case, expel the guilty party and the one who has been expelled spends the rest of his life degraded and disfranchised. 15. Now, that the whole constitutional policv The constiof the Persians may be more clearly set forth, I !^uc"^f will go back a little for now, in the light of what Persia has already been said, it can be given in a very few words. It is said that the Persians number about one hundred and twenty thousand men^;"^ * This number is meant to include the nobility only, the so-called " peers " {6/i^-i/io«), and not the total population of

^

;

;

Persia.

•3

XENOPHON TOVTcov

B

eavT&v

direXijXarcu

ovSe'if

aXk

apy^oiv,

TraiSa'; et?

dW

(TKoKeia.

vofiw

e^eari irdcn Tlepaai^

ra KOLva t^?

oi

fiev

ot

Tre/jbTTOVcrcv.^

e(f)i]^oiii

8'

Tpe<^€iv

e^eariv

veavKTKeveadai,

roif

Oelcnv ovro)<; ovk e^earcv.

rd

Biar€\e
tov<;

hwdjievoL

[irj

dv TraiSevdiocrt irapd rol^

StSac/caXot?,

oTjfioaioi'i

Kal tov<;

8iKatO(Tvvrj<; SiSa-

ovvd/juevoL

7raiSa<; dpyovvra^i Trefiirovaiv, ol he

ov

ti/jlmv

irefiiretv

ot

8'

Se

avToi
ev

Toc
BiairaiSev-

dv av ev

roi
e^eari TOVTOis €49 T0i»9 TeXelovi avSpw; avvaXi^ecrdac ^ KoX dp-ycov KaX rificov /nere'X^etv, ot S' dv p,r} 8cayevcovrac ^ ev tol<; e]
^ 01

in

Se

.

,

.

irefxirovfftv

^

(rvva\lCeff0ai

'

h.y /x^

yTlV

SiayeyajyTai

;

vofiifia

Troiovvre^,

not in CF.

ffwavXlCfirdai {to associate with) jTAGK. tiv oS iv rois Ttaial fj.^ {/xi] is not ;

yKGV

C) SiaTfXforaxTiv f) iv CAHR. * iTTve IV Cohet, Edd.; aToirrufij' » Toi Heindorf, Edd.; xov MSS.

MSS.

24

-i

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

15-16

and no one of these is by law excluded from holding offices and positions of honour, but all the Persians

may send

to the common schools only those do send them who are in a position to maintain their children without work ; and those who are not so situated do not.

their children

of justice.

StiU,

And

only to such as are educated by the public Each class is it permitted to pass their young manhood sft* to'tho the class of the youths, while to those who ""* *'^'*

teachers in

have not completed this course of training it is not so permitted. And only to such among the youths as complete the course required by law is it permitted to join the class of mature men and to

fill

offices

and places of

distinction, while those

who do not finish their course among the young men are not promoted to the class of the mature men. And again, those who finish their course among the mature men without blame become members of the class of elders. So, we see, the elders are made up of those who have enjoyed all honour and This is the policy by the observance of which they think that their citizens may become the best. 16. There remains even unto this day evidence of their moderate fare and of their working off by exercise what they eat for even to the present time it is a breach of decorum for a Persian to spit or to blow his nose or to appear afflicted with flatulence it is a breach of decorum also to be seen going apart either to make water or for anything else of that kind. And this would not be possible for them, if they did not lead an distinction.

:

;

'

•

XENOPHON Kal TO vypov iKTTOVOVVTe
co
aWj}

irrj a'iro)(a)p€LV.

TaOra

fiev

Xeyeiv ov TO,';

Kara

Srj

eueKa

S'

TrdvTcov

\0709

6

HepaMv

MpfijjOr],

exoficv

vvv Xi^o/xev

K.vpov 7rpd^€i<; dp^d/j,evoi avro jratBo^.

Ill 1.

KOpo? yap

TrXelov Tavrrj

fiexpi'

rfj

P'^v

ScoSexa iroiv

rj

oXiyrp

iraiSela eiraihevOr}^ /cat irdvrcov

Tcov n'XiKcov Siacpepoyp i<^aivero koX

to Ta^v

el
p,avddv€iv a Seat xal et? to /caXw? /eat dvBpeio)^

exacTTa

Troielv.

TrifjuyfraTO

iratSa

ex Se tovtov tov 'X^povov fieTe-

^AaTvdyij^

avTTJ<;'

ttjv

avTOV KoXov KayaOov M.avSdvT]

•jrpo
iavTOV dvyaTepa Kal tov

yap

ISeiv

elvat.

hreOvfiet,

epx^Tat,

oti S'

rjKovev

avTi] re

rj

Kvpov tov

tov iraTepa Kal tov

vlov e^ovaa. 2. ^

'n?

81?

d
Td^icTTa Kal eyvoi

6

KO/ao? tov

A.(7Tvdyr)v T779 firjTpo
7ral
(f)vcr€i

axTTrep

av

Srj

^CkocrTopyo^ wv rjcnrd^eTO re avTOv

et Tt9

TrdXat crvvTedpapLfxevo^ Kai irdXai

daird^oiTo, Kal opcov St) avTov KeKoafjurfpAvov Kal 6v

ol Trepl TTj Seprj *

it

Kal

to, yjriXta to,

^

irepl

TO E, Edd.; not in any other

tuU

MS.

^epcrtj/,

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

ii.

i6-iii.

2

abstemious life and throw off the moisture by hard work, so that it passes off in some other way. This, then, is what we have to say in regard to the Persians in general. Now, to fulfil the purp>ose with which our narrative was begun, we shall proceed to relate the history of Cyrus from his childhood on.

Ill

Such was the education that Cyrus received he was twelve years old or a little more and he showed himself superior to all the other 1.

until

boys of his age both in mastering his tasks quickly in doing everything in a thorough and manly fashion. It was at this period of his life that Cyrus goes Astyages sent for his daughter and her son for ^^dfathei he was eager to see him, as he had heard from time to time that the child was a handsome boy of rare promise. Accordingly, Mandane herself went to her father and took her son Cyrus with

and

;

her.

As soon

as she arrived and Cyrus had reAstyages his mother's father, being naturally an affectionate boy he at once kissed him, just as a person who had long lived with another and long loved him would do. Then he noticed that his grandfather was adorned with pencillings beneath his eyes, with rouge rubbed on his face, and with a wig of false hair the common Median fiashion. For all this is Median, and so are their purple tunics, and their mantles, the necklaces about their necks, and the bracelets on their wrists. 2.

cognized

in

—

27

XENOPHON Uepaai^ Be rot's oiKot koI vvv en ttoXv Ka\ ^avKorepai koX hianai evTeXiarepac op&v 8r) Tov Koa-fiov rov TrdTnrov, efi^XeTTcov avrw

€v

ecrdrjTe^

eXeyev,

'H

raxTi]^ 8e

Ka\6<; /xoi 6 TraTTTro?.

firjrep, o)?

avrov

Tr}
8oK€t elvai, 6 7rarr)p

Kvpo^, 'n

firjrep,

ovTO
rj

Uepa&v

ipw-

avrw direKplvaTo apa 6 ttoXv KoWtcrro^ 6

iroTepo^ koXXlcov

fiev

ifw^ irarrjp, ^rjhwv fiemoi ocrcov ieopuKa eycb koI iv rai<; 6Sol<; Kal eVl rat? Ovpai^ ttoXv ovto<; 6 €/Lt09

3.

ird'mro'i KaXXiarof;.

Se

^AvTaa7ra^6/ji,€vo<;

6

TraTTTTO?

avrov Kal

aroXrjv KaXrjv evetvae koI crrpeirrol'; Ka\ y^eXlot^ erifia /cat eKocryiei,

koX

ec iroi

e^eXavvoL,

e'^' ittttou

X^pvao'X^aXLvov Trepcrjyev, warrrep Kal avro
TTopeveadai.

are Trat? wv Kal

6 8e Kvpo<;

KaXo
fxavOdvcov iiirepe'xatpev' )(aXe'irov elvai opeiVTJ

ovarj

cnrdvcov 4.

Kal

Kal

Br)

6

yap Sia ro Kal linreveiv iv

I8ecv

Imrov

rrdvv

Aarvdr/i^^ (tvv ry dvyarpl

K-vpo), l3ovX6iJ,€vo<;

cva rjrrov

avra> Kal

7rapo-\}ri,8a<;

j3pa>fjbara.

rov rralBa

rd otKaBe

BeiTTvelv,

Kal

ittttovi;

rjv.

AecTTVcov Be TO)

%ft)/3a

(f)iX6-

Kal Imreveiv

ev IIipaac<;

Kal rpe^etv rfj

rfj crroXfj,

irodoir),

to?

rjBiara

Trpoarjyev

koI rravroBaTra ifi^dfifiara

rov Be K.vpov ec^acrav Xeyeiv^

'11

oaa irpdyfiara e%ef9 iv tcS Beirrvo)^ el avdyKT) croi iirl irdvra rd XeKapia ravra Biarelveiv rd<; ^elpa
TravroBairSiV fipco/jcdrcov.

2i

CYROPAEDIA,

iiu

I.

2-4

home even to this day have plainer clothing and a more frugal way of life. So, observing his grandfather's adornment and staring at him, he said " Oh mother, how handsome my grandfather is " And when his while the Persians at

much

^

:

I

mother asked him which he thought more hand- V^ some, his father or his grandfather, Cyrus answered " Of the Persians, mother, my father is the handsomest but of the Medes, as far as I have seen them either on the streets or at court, my grandfatlier here is the handsomest by far." him in return 3. Then his grandfather kissed and gave him a beautiful dress to wear and, as a mark of royal favour, adorned him with necklaces and if he went out for a ride and bracelets anywhere, he took the boy along upon a horse with a gold-studded bridle, just as he himself was accustomed to go. And as Cyrus was a boy fond of beautiful things and eager for distinction, he was pleased with his dress and greatly delighted at learning to ride ; for in Persia, on account of its being difficult to breed horses and to practise horsemanship because it is a mountainous country, it was a very rare thing even to see a horse. 4. And then again, when Astj'ages dined with a Median *"°" his daughter and Cyrus, he set before him dainty side-dishes and all sorts of sauces and meats, for he wished the boy to enjoy his dinner as much as possible, in order that he might be less Hkely And Cyrus, they say, observed to feel homesick. " How much trouble you have at your dinner, grandfather, if you have to reach out your hands to all these dishes and taste of all these different " kinds of food

at

once

:

much

;

;

^

!

XENOPHON Tt

^dvac

Si,

701 SoK€i elvai

TOP AaTvdyi]Vi ov 'yap ttoX.v KoKKiov roBe to helirvov rov iv '

U.€pcrai<;

Tov

Kvpov Trpo? ravra dtroKpivacrdai \\eyeOuK, CO rrrdirire, dWa ttoXv uTrXovcrrepa

Be

rai,^}

Kol evOvrepa irap rjplv

eariv cttI to ifiirXr}pev yap dpT0
vpiv

Trap

r)

r)

6S6
r}pd
TrdTuLi rjKopev.

AXX',

5.

Kal

(TV,

0)

e(f)i],

'AWa

irat,

TavTa

d'X^d6p,€voi

KaX

tov ^AaTvdyijv, ovk

(f)dvac

'rreptTrXavcopeOa-

yev6pepo
Be

yvcoaet oti rjBea ecrTLv. ere,

pvaaTTopevov Tavra

to,

tov K.vpov, ^pcopaTa.

opco,

u)

irdinre,

Kal TOV ^AcrTvdyi]v eirepecrOai, Kat tlvl Brj av TCKpaLpopevo^, & Trai, \eyeL<; ; ''Ort ere, (pdvat, opw, oTav pev tov dpTov d-y^rj, el? irdvv d')(j96pevo'i oti irkea aoi air 6.

avT&v

eyevcTO.

11/309

TOLVvv

TavTa

ovT(o

eu(i)')(ov,

TavTa

iva

Be tov

veavia
*AaTvdyi]v

etTrecv,

Et

dXkd Kpia ye dpa Be o'UaBe d'jre\6r]
yiyv(oaKei
&

irai,

XeyovTa

iroXkd avTot 7rapa
"

^

[\fytTai] Cobet, Edd.; Ktytrai

> 0^pcia CP,

lO

Rdd.;

Qiipia all

other

MSS. MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iii.

4-6

"Why so?" said Astyages. "Really now, don't you think this dinner much finer than your Persian dinners ?" " No, grandfather," Cyrus replied to this

;

" but

the road to satiety is much more simple and direct for bread and meat in our country than with you ;

but you, though you make for the same goal as we, go wandering through many a maze, up and down, and only arrive at last at the point that we long since have reached." 5. " But, my boy," said Astyages, " we do not and you also," object to this wandering about he added, " if you taste, will see that it is take us there

;

;

pleasant."

" But, grandfather," said Cyrus, " I observe that even you are disgusted with these viands." "And by what, pray, do you judge, my boy," " asked Astyages, "that you say this? " Because," said he, " I observe that when you touch bread, you do not wipe your hand on anything but when you touch any of these other things you at once cleanse your hand upon your napkin, as if you were exceedingly displeased that it had become soiled with them." 6. "Well then, my boy," Astyages replied to this, "if that is your judgment, at least regale yourself with meat, that you may go back home a strong young man." And as he said this, he placed before him an abundance of meat of both wild and domestic animals. And when Cyrus saw that there was a great " And do you really quantity of meat, he said ;

:

3»

|

*

XENOPHON ravTci

Kpia 6

to,

fioi

Ti

av ^ovKiofxat avroU

Xprjo-Oai;

N^

Aia,

(f)dvai, co iral, eycoyi

crof,,

rov Kvpov Xa^ovra r&v Kpecov SiaStSovai TOi? d/xcfil rov irdirirov Oepairevral'i,

^EvravOa

7.

8r]

eTTikeyovTa kKticnw,

pe Imreueiv eScoKw;- vuv Ka\S)
Zioi p,ep

ydp rovr e^w

6epa7revei
roiavra

tovto ore 8'

aoX

hLhdcrKei,
crol

S"

on,

(toI S'

on

7rpodvp,(0'i

p>oi

p,ov

rrjv

SieBiSov rrdvra

irroiei, ^(o^

iraXrov

ort rov Trdinrov p/rjrepa

a

eX.a/3e

Kpka.

^dxa

8.

Be, (f)dvai

bv iyo) fidXicrra

dpa Ka\6^

re

irpoadyeiv rov
ouSev

8l8a)<;

;

ra> olvo^oo),

6 8e 'EdKa
irvy^ave kuX np.rjv e^cov 8eo/j,€uov
^

(ov

'

ov
avrS> hoKoirj elvai Trpoadyeiv.

Kal rov K.vpov TToi'i p,r}8i'7rco

rov ^Aarvdyijv,

rifico,

iirepeadai

viroTrrrjaawv,

irpoTrerca^

Aid

ri

8?],

o)

di
dv

irdinre,

rovrov ovrco np^a^; K.al rov ^Aarvdyrjv aKcoyfravra elirelv, Ov^ 6pd
rpial

BaKrvXoi*; 6^ovvreid\r]v Kal dv ev8olev to eKiroypxi evXTjirro-

Trpocr(fi6povaiv to?

rara rw peXXovrt 9.

Kal

]^eXev
croi TTielv

(pdrai,

8ovvai ro

co

ecTrcop^a,

ey)(ea^ dvaKTtja-copMt, *

3*

rriveiv.

8j],

rov XdKav Kayco /taXw?

irdTTire,

iva

ere, r\v

T€ y, Edd.; ye xzR.

8vvcop,at.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

6-9

iii.

to give me all this meat, grandfather, to " dispose of as I please ? " Yes, by Zeus," said he, " I do." 7. Thereupon Cyrus took some of the meat and proceeded to distribute it among his grandfather's " 1 give this servants, saying to them in turn to you, because you take so much pains to teach me to ride to you, because you gave me a spear, for at present this is all I have to give to you, because you serve my grandfather so well and to you, because you are respectful to my mother." He kept on thus, while he was distributing all the meat that he had received. 8. "But," said Astyages, "are you not going toC3rTusai.d give any to Sacas, my cupbearer, whom I like best bear«^ of all.''" Now Sacas, it seems, chanced to be a handsome fellow who had the office of introducing to Astyages those who had business with him and of keeping out those whom he thought it not expedient to admit. And Cyrus asked pertly, as a boy might do who was not yet at all shy, " Pray, grandfather, why do " you like this fellow so much } And Astyages replied with a jest " Do you not

mean

:

;

;

;

:

"how Now

nicely and gracefully he pours the wine ? " the cupbearers of those kings perform their office with fine airs ; they pour in the wine with neatness and then present the goblet, conveying it with three fingers, and offer it in such a way as to place it most conveniently in the grasp of the one who is to drink. 9. " Well, grandfather," said he, " bid Sacas give me the cup, that I also may deftly pour for you to drink and thus win your favour, if I can." see," said he,

33

XENOPHON Kal Tov Kvpov

Kekevcrai

ovro) fi€v

Xa^ovra

Sovvai.

he

top

ev xXvaat to eKirwfia wcrirep

Bf)

rov SaKav ecopa, ovtco Be crTTJaaura to Trpocr(OTTov (TTTovBaidi'i Kol ev(r')(r]pov(o<; tto)? Trpoaeveyxeiv koI ivBovvai ttjv (fudXrjv tm irdTnra)

ware

avrbv Be rov

kol

cravra dvairr^Brjo-ai

yeXara Kvpov eKyeXd-

^Aarvar/ei ttoXvv

pur^rpX /cal ra>

rfj

irapacyx^elv.

irpo'i

tov irdirirov koI

<^l-

^dKU, aTroAxoXa?- eK^aXio ere ex Trjdvat, aov KdXXiov olvtyxprjcray Ka\ ovk eKiriofiai avTO^ tov

Xovvra apua

elirelv, 'Xl

olvov.

Ol BiBwai Kvd0(p

dpa

B*

TTjv

^acriXecov

TOiv

(f)idXr]v,

olvo'xpoi,

dpvcravTe
dir'

eireiBav

avTrj
tu)

dpiaTepav X^^P^ iyx^dp^voi KaTappo(povat,, TOV Brj el (pdppaxa ey^eoiev^ fir) et9

Tr]v

Xva-ireXelv avTot^. 10.

'E« Tovrov

Br)

6 *A(rTvdyr)^

eTnaKmirTOiv,

Kat Tt Br), e(t)r), S) Kvpe, ToXXa p,i/j,ovp£VO
Kat "Otc Kal

770)9 Br] vt)

TOi?

av tovto,

Ai

vpd<;

aciipuai

yap a ovk eare

€(f>r),

ecopcov

o) iral,

Koi

cr(f)aXXop,evov<;.

r)pd'i

Kareyvco^;;

yvcofiai<; TrpcoTOv fiev

Tal
toi/? 7rai8a<} iroielv,

TavTa

irdvTe^ pev yap dpa eKeKpdavTol eiroieiTe. epuvddveTe Be ovBev dXXrjXoiv, rjBeTe yeire, ^

34

iyX^oiff

yER

;

iKx^onv zO.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

9-10

iii.

And he bade him give it. And Cyrus took tlie cup and rinsed it out well, exactly as he had often seen Sacas do, and then he brought and presented the goblet to his grandfather, assuming an expression somehow so grave and important, that he made his mother and Astyages laugh heartily. And Cyrus himself also with a laugh sprang up into his grand" Ah, Sacas, you father's lap and kissing him said are done for I shall turn you out of your office for in other ways," said he, " I shall play the cupbearer better than you and besides I shall not drink up the wine myself." :

;

Now,

it is

;

a well

when they

known

fact that the kings' cup-

draw off some of with the ladle, pour it into their left hand, and swallow it down so that, if they should put poison in, they may not profit by it. " And why, Cynu's 10. Thereupon Astyages said in jest pray, Cyrus, did you imitate Sacas in everything else 1^^"""'* " but did not sip any of the wine ? " Because, by Zeus," said he, " I was afraid that bearers,

it

proffer the cup,

—

:

poison had been mixed in the bowl. And I had reason to be afraid ; for when you entertained your friends on your birthday, I discovered beyond a doubt that he had poured poison into your company's drink." " And how, pray," said he, " did you discover that, "

my

son? " Because, by Zeus," said he, " I saw that you were unsteady both in mind and in body. For in the first place you yourselves kept doing what you never allow us boys to do for instance, you kept shouting, all at the same time, and none of you heard anything that the ;

35

XENOPHON Kol fxaka

Se

yeXoLco^;,

ovk

tov

S^

aKpoco/bLefot

aBovTO
vfiMv

Tr)v

eavTOV

6p)(7]a6fj,evot,

fxr]

eiretT

pco/xrjv,

el

op^elcrOai

otrco^

aX)C ovS* opdovaOat iBvvaade.

avaaTair^re iv

pvdfiw,

iTreXeXrjcrde

8e

iravrdiracn av re oti ^acnXev
on

rore yap

(TV dp^cov.

Bt)

eycoye xal

KarifiaOov orv rovr

ror

eiroielre'

1 1

&

Kal

.

6

dp rfv r) Icnjyopia ovBiirore youv eaianrdre. ^Aarvdyrjf; Xiyei, 'O Be cro?

iral, TTiVcov

ov /xeOvcrKerai;

Ov

ecpr).

fid

'AWa

Al,

Kat Tc3

ol/xac,

7]

Toy

&

firjrrjp

XaKa ovrw

fjnaSi

vfiei
Trartjp,

TTco? TToiec;

Aiyfrcbv iraverai,

ov yap,

irpoyrov o

dXXo

Be

kukov ovBev

irdinTe, zdKa<; elrrev,

avr&

'Trdcr'X^ef

olvo')(pel.

'AX,Xa ri irore av,

S> iral,

iroXe/jieli;;

Be Kvpov elTretv, "On vt) Aia, dvai, avrov 7roXXdKi
einOvfiovvra

irpocyBpafieXv

ovro<}

6

fitapcoraro'i

dXX^ iKerevco, (f)dvai. Si irdmre, B6<; fioL rpet<; rjfiepa<; dp^aL avrov. Kat Toy ^Aarvdyrjv elirelv, Kat ttcos" dv dp^ai<; avrov; K.al rov K.vpov (fidvai, Sra? av warrep ovro<; CTTt rfj elcroBm, eirecra oirore ^ovXoiro Trapievai 67r' dpiarov, Xeyoifi dv on ovirco Bvvarov rat dpiarcp evrv)(elv' cnrovBd^ec yap irpo'i nva^' elO' orrore tjkol eirX ro Belirvov, Xeyoifi dv on aTTOKfoXvet.

36

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iii.

lo-ii

and you fell to singing, and in a most ridiculous manner at that, and though you did not hear the singer, you swore that he sang most excellently; and though each one of you kept telling stories of his own strength, yet if you stood up to dance, to say nothing of dancing in time, why, you could And all of you quite not even stand up straight. forgot you, that you were king and the rest, that you were their sovereign. It was then that I also for my part discovered, and for the first time, that what you were practising was your boasted equal freedom of speech at any rate, never were any of you silent." 11. " But, my boy," Astyages said, "does not your " father get drunk, when he drinks ? ** No, by Zeus," said he. " Well, how does he manage it ? " " He just quenches his thirst and thus suffers no for he has, I trow, grandfather, no further harm Sacas to pour wine for him." "But why in the world, my son," said his mother, Hisanti" are you so set against Sacas ? " toward "Because, by Zeus," Cjtus replied, " I don't like Sacas him for oftentimes, when I am eager to run in to see my grandfather, this miserable scoundrel keeps me out. But," he added, " I beg of you, grandfather, others were saying

'

;

—

;

'

'

;

^

;

;

me for just three days And how would you

allow

"

to rule over him." rule over him ?

''

said

Astyages. " I would stand at the door," Cyrus replied, "just as he does, and then when he wislied to come in to luncheon, I would say, ' You cannot interview the luncheon yet ; for it is engaged with certain persons.' And then when he came to dinner, I would say, 'Ifc 3:

XENOPHON XovTat'

irdvv

Be

el

cnrovBd^ot

(f)ayelv,

etiroifi

av OTi rrapa rat? yvvai^iv icrrcv e&)9 irapaTeivaifiL TovTov wa-Trep ovTO
rj

rov Trdirirov

dWov

rjv

yap Bvvano

Ti

r)

top

(f>dd
6

K.vpo'i

tj}? firjTpo<; dSeXcpov,

tovto TToujcravTa' 6 VTrepixo-i'PGV

avTol<:

XO'pi^ofiepo';.

13. 'EttcI

Be irdXiv

17

MavBdvT)

irapea-Kevd^eTO

&)?

rov avBpa, iBecTO avTrj(; rj Be dire6 ^A(TTvdyr)(; KarakLirelv rov K.vpov. Kpivaro on ^ovXoiro fiev dtravTa r^ irarpl ')(apL^e(T6at,, aKoina pbevroi rov iralBa ')(a\e'irov elvai vofjLi^eiv Karaknrelv. 14. "Ei'^a Br) * A(TTvdr/7)(; Xejec 7rpo<; rov aTTiovaa

K.vpov,

'O

irpof;

TTat,

rjv

fxevrj^

Trap*

ifioi,

Trpatrov

elaoBov croi ov XdKa<; dp^ei, aW' ^ov\r) elaiivat <»9 ep,e, eTrl crol ecTTai' Koi ^a/jfv cot eicro put o
Trap oTTorav

Trj
epik

aWa

39

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

11-14

iii.

And if he were very eager to eat, I at the bath.' would say, ' It is with the ladies.' And I would keep that up until I tormented him. just as he torments me by keeping me away from you." 12. Such amusement he furnished them at dinner and during the day, if he saw that his grandfather or ^ his uncle needed anything, it was difficult for any '^ one else to get ahead of him in supplying the need for CjTnis was most happy to do them any service that he could. 13. But when Mandane was making preparations Mandana to go back to her husband, Astyages asked her to leave J^Jug jy Cyrus behind. And she answered that she desired Media to do her father's pleasure in everything, but she thought it hard to leave the boy behind against his is

wiU. said to Cyrus " My boy, if you with me, in the first place Sacas shall not control your admission to me, but it shall be in }'our power to come in to see me whenever you please, and I shall be the more obliged to you the oftener you come to me. And in the second place you shall use my horses and everything else you will ; and when you go back home, you shall take with you any of them that you desire. And besides, at dinner you shall go whatever way you please to what seems to you to be temperance. And then, I present to you the animals that are now in the park and I will collect others of every description, and as soon as you learn to ride, you shall hunt and slay them with 14.

Then Astyages

:

will stay

spear, just as grown-up men do. I will also to be your playfellows ; and if wish an\i;hing else, just mention it to me, and

bow and find

you you

some children

shall

not

fail

to recei'* e

it.''

39

XENOPHON ravra elirev 6 ^AaTvdyr]<;, rj /jujrrjp Kvpov Trorepov /3ovXolto pevetv aiTLevai. o Se ovk i/jieWrjaev, dWa twyv 77 elirev on pAveiv ^ovKono. i'nepcorrjdel'; he ttoXiv VTTO rr]
rov

Sirjpdora

elvai,

p^rjrep,

Q)

evravOa rjXlKCOV'

Be

Kot

on

dvia.

aKOVTL^tov iinrevaiv

Kol TOVTO C^

"jrdvv

€fie

o28

'1(t6i,

Si

fjv

jxe

Si

To^evmv,

icaX

ijrroyv

elpX

p,t]Tep,

e(p7],

ratv

OTl

ivddSe VLepaat^ to,

KaTaXi'iTr]<;

pdOco iTTTreveiv, orav fiev iv aoi €Keivov<; rov^ dyaOoix; to, tre^LKa paSl(o<; viKijaeiv, orav S' et9 MJ7S0U9 eXOw, evOdhe ireipdKoX

ol/jial

aofiai rS> irdinru) i7r7rev<; (Tvp,fjLa')(elv

dyadwv

linrecov KpdrL(no
avrm.

16. T^i^ 8e firjrepa

el-Trelv,

Tr]v he StKaioavvrjv,

p^drjaei evOdBe e/cel ovrcov
S>

/9g)9

irS)
Tavrd ye olSa. av olcrOa; rrjv yiavhdvrjv

TIo)<;

"On,

elirelv.

8i8daKa\69 rjSt] dxpifSovvra TT)v BiKaiocrvvrjv koi aKkoL<; Kadccrrr] hiKd^eiv. KOI TOLVvv, (f)dvai, eirl fiid irore Slktj

(f>dvat,

7r\7]yd'i

17. r]v

8e

6

eXa^ov

a)9

Toiavrr).

ovk

6pdo)
oiKdaa
fiiKpov e^cov ^iTcoi'a Tralha puiKpov p,eyav e^ovra X'-'^^^f^ eK8vaa
BcKr)

7rac<;

fj£ya<;

BiKa^cov eyvcov ^eXriov elvai dp^orepoa rov dpfioTTOvra eKarepov '^iTWva e^^tv. iv 8e rovrw

40

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iii.

15-17

15. When Astyages had said this, his mother asked why he Cyrus whether he wished to stay or go. And he did ^^^^ *** not hesitate but said at once that he wished to stay. And when he was asked again by his mother why he wished to stay, he is said to have answered " Because at home, mother, I am and have the reputation of being the best of those of my years both in throwing the spear and in shooting with the bow but here I know that I am inferior to my fellows in horsemanship. And let me tell you, mother," said But if you leave me he, " this vexes me exceedingly. here and I learn to ride. I think you will find, when I come back to Persia, that I shall easily surpass the boys over there who are good at exercises on foot, and when I come again to Media, I shall try to be a help to my grandfather by being the best of good horsemen." 16. "But, my boy," said his mother, "how will you learn justice here, while your teachers are over " there? " Why, mother," Cyrus answered, " that is one thing that I understand thoroughly." " How so ? " said Mandane. "Because," said he, "my teacher appointed me. His trainon the ground that I was already thoroughly versed i°«^J" justice r in justice, to decide cases tor others also. And so, in one case," said he, " I once got a flogging for not deciding correctly. 17. The case was like this a big boy with a little tunic, finding a little boy with a big tunic on, took it off him and put his own tunic on him, while he himself put on the other's. So, when I tried their case, I decided that it was better for them both that each should keep the tunic that fitted him. And thereupon the master flogged me, •

11

1

i»i :

41

XENOPHON eiraicrev 6 8i8d(TKaX.o
/ie

Tov dpfxoTTOPTOf;

eirjv

Xe^a?

on

^

ovtq)

Kpirrj'i,

oirore fiev

8eoi iroielv,

Kplvai Sioi irorepov 6 ')(itwv etr], tout', elvai ri'i KTrjcrc vofitp eKeXeveu del tov BiKaarrjv TTjv yp-i](f)Ov Tideadai. ovTea iyd) crot, S) /JbiJTep, rd ye BuKaia iravraTTacrLV i]Sr] dKpL^(0' rfv he. oiroT0

he.

cTKeTTTeov

6^7;,

dpa

Tt

irpocrSeoy/xaL,

6

irdTnTd

fie,

€(f>r),

ovto<;

eTTiSiBd^ei.

18.

m iral, irapa ra> e(f)7j, xal ev Yiepaai
'AXX' ov ravrd,

TraTTTTft)

fiev

yap

t(ov ev M.i]8oi(; ttuvtcov eavTOV SeaTroTrjv

ireiroit^Kev, ev

6 cro9 TraTrjp Tr/awTO?^ to. TeTay-

/cat

fieva

iroLel

fiev

he to taov e^^iv huKacov

Tlepa-at^

vofu^eTUi.

iroXei,

tji

Xapb^dvei, fieTpov hk

avTw

tu

ov)(^

TeTuyfieva rj

i/^f;^^

he

aXX.'

OTr(o<; ovv [xrj dirdXel p^aoTiyovixevo'^, v6/ji0<; ecTTLV. ineihav oXkoi y';,^ av irapd tovtov fiadcbv t]kt]<; dvTL TOV ^acnXiKov to TvpavvLKov, ev eS ia-Ti TO irXelov oteadai ')(^py]vac TrdvTcov e^^tv. 'Aw' o ye cro9 iraTrjp, elirev 6 Kvpo^, heivo-

T€p6
rj

hehihax^i^ * Ae'las

0)

p,i]Tep,

01)^ opa
avTov p^lov

zER

;

hthdcrKeir

€(f)r),

jielov

r)

irXelov

otl koI Mt/Sou? diravTWi e')(eiv; *

w^Te ddppei,

&)
Xiyaiv yC^.

Hug

C

6 Trpwros irar^p i ahs waTTip irpaiTos Schneider, 6 ; ; ffhs irpwTosiraT-np yzER, Marchant; irpanos b crhs irariip GemoU. '

' *

42

fi Heindorf ; tris or fXri% MSS. ^ ovx • • • ^X^"' QO^ i" ^2'

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iii.

17-18

saying that when I was a judge of a good fit, I should do as I had done but when it was my duty to decide whose tunic it was, I had this question, he said, to consider whose title was the rightful one whether it was right that he who took it away by force should keep it, or that he who had had it made for himself or had bought it should own it. And since, he said, what is lawful is right and what is unlawful wrong, be bade the judge always render his is verdict on the side of the law. It is in this way, mother, you see, that I already have a thorough understanding of justice in all its bearings and," he added, " if I do require anything more, my grandfather here will teach me that" 18. " Yes, my son," said she ''but at your grand- Median father's court they do not recognize the same idJdl'^'' principles of justice as they do in Persia, For he justice has made himself master of everything in Media, but in Persia equality of rights is considered justice. And your father is the first one to do what is ordered by the State and to accept what is decreed, and his standard is not his will but the law. Mind, therefore, that you be not flogged within an inch of your life, when you come home, if you return with a knowledge acquired from your grandfather here of the principles not of kingship but of tyranny, one principle of which is that it is right for one to have more than all." " But your father, at least," said Cyrus, "is more shrewd at teaching people to have less than to have more, mother. Why, do you not see," he went on, " that he has taught all the Medes to have less than himself.^ So never fear that your father, at any rate. ;

—

^

;

;

43

XENOPHON o

7e

ovr aXXov ovBeva ovr fiadovra airoTre^y^ei.

irarr^p

cro9

•jvXeoveKTelv

ifie

IV ^OLavra

1. T€'\,o<;

8e

r)

iroWa

Br/

fiev

fiev /xrjrrjp aTrrfKde,

iXdXei

KOpo?

KoX aVTOV €Tpi(j)€TO. Kol Ta^^V fieV

(TVV€K€KpaTO MCTTe TOV
Trarepa^

oIk€1,(o^

avrwv

KO/JO?"

6

he

Karefieve

TOt
8iaK€icrOai,

Ta')(v

he

dvjjpTrjro, Trpoaiwv kcu evhrj-

Xo? av OTi 'qaird^ero avToJv tov<; vlei<;, cocne el ri Tov /SacrtXeo)? heoivro, tou? iralha^ i/ce\evov rov Kvpov heladai htaTrpd^aaOai (k^'ktiv, 6 he Kvpo
KoX (piXori/jiiav irepX 7ravTO<; eiroielTo hiaTrpdrreadai.

2.

KoX 6 'Acrrvdyijii he 6 ri heoiro avrov 6

Kvpo<; ovhev ihvvaro dvTe')(eLv /*»; ov 'Xctpi^eaOai. KoX yap dadevriaavTO
dWd

rrdaiv Kal drrodavrj' hi)\o
on

V7r€pe(f>o^eiro

yap e«

vvKr6<;

jxi'i

ol o irdmro'i rivo
ec

doKvorara yapieladai, Xarvdyi]v.

dveTrijha

vTrrjperrjcroyv

heoiro

Kal Tvdvrtov

^Acrrvdyrj<;, rrpoyro^ jjaOdvero Kvpo<;

6

ri

oioiro

Mare TravrdiraaLv dveicr^aaro rov

3. Kat rjv /JLev tV&)9 rro\v\oyd>r€po
44

iro\u\oyiiTtpos

xzR

;

ir. ij

iratSlffKos

In

ivrifios

&v y.

CYROPAEDIA, will turn either

him

to have too

1.

me

iii.

or anybody much."

i8-iv.

3

else out trained

under

IV

way Cyrus often chattered on. At Cj-rua's however, his mother went away, but Cyrus ^^"^^ remained behind and grew up in Media. Soon he xiedes had become so intimately associated with other boys of his own years that he was on easy terms with them. And soon he had won their fathers' hearts by visiting them and showing that he loved their sons so that, if they desired any favour of the king, they bade their sons ask Cyrus to secure it for them. And Cyrus, because of his kindness of heart and his desire for popularity, made every effort to secure for 2. And Astyages the boys whatever they asked. could not refuse any favour that Cyrus asked of him. And this was natural for, when his grandfather fell sick, Cyrus never left him nor ceased to weep but plainly showed to all that he greatly feared that For even at night, if his grandfather might die. Astyages wanted anj^hing, Cyrus was the first to discover it and with greater alacrity than any one else he would jump up to perform whatever service he thought would give him pleasure, so that he won In this

1.

last,

;

^^

;

_Astyages's heart completely. 3. He was, perhaps, too talkative, partly on account His of his education, because he had always been n^**^^*" required by his teacher to render an account of what he was doing and to obtain an account from others whenever he was judge ; and partly also because of

45

XENOPHON TO

elvai vroXXa

Trapovra'i

oaa

ttw?

(ivrjpcoTa

aWcov epwTWTO,

avTO
coaT

Ta')(y direKpLvero,

eivat

avro^ del

fxlv

e'x^ovra

tov<;

koI

TV'y')(avoL,

Bia to dy^Lvov<;

Travrmv tovtcov

i/c

TToXvXoyia (TVveXijero avrip' o-W' wanep yctp iv acopuTi, oaot vioi 6vre<; pA'yeOo^ eXa^ov, opoo^ r}

to veapov

epx^aLverat

avToi
r^v

KaTrjjopet

o

oXiyoeriav, ovrto koX ¥ivpov eV t^9 iroXvXo'ylaf}

ov

dpdcro^

dXX'

Si€
war

uKoveiv

criconMVTi irapelvat.

4.

rj

'n?

eireOvpei dv

wpav

tov

pev

ere

Ti<;

avrov

irpor^yev

hk

peyedei et?

Koi

TrXeico

avjov

dirXoT'q^;

aropjla,

6

^/ooi^o?

-Trpocrrj^ov

Xoyoi<;

avv r&

yeveaOai,

pavoTepoi<;

ev

rovTO)

Brj

Kol

(pfov^ ri cil8ov<; 8' eveTripTrXaro,

rfi

T049

ware Koi ipvdpalveaOai koI

Trpe(T^vrepoL
Trpoa-TTiTrreiv

opolui
to

ovTO)

a-vvov(TLaL
8r)

i-^pfjro

ottotg avvrvyx^dvoi

a/cuXa/cwSe?

ovkW^

riav')(ai,repo
opoioa^

pev

tjv,

to

Tot
irdaiv

TrpoireTe^i^

iv

Se ral
Kal yap oaa Sia-

Trdpirav €7r/%a/jt9.

tt/qo? dXX'^Xov;, ov^ a KpecTTcov rjSei wv, ravra Trpov/caXetro TOv
ycovL^ovrat 7roXXdKt.
dva7rr]8a>v

•qSr)

Karrjp'X^ev

Bi,aTO^eva6pevo
*

46

vpoweres ^i'jpX*

xAHR

y^

i

tj

;

eVt

rov
nrirovi

hiaKOVTLovpevo
wpoireToos

yG-

;

[irpoirerfs]

TaCTo i^vpxf xz, Gemoll.

r)

iV-

Cobet, Hug.

ffl,

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

3-4

he was habitually putting many him why things were tlius and so and because of his alertness of mind he readily answered questions that others put to him so that from all these causes his talkativeness grew upon him. But it was not unpleasant for just as in the body, in the case of those who have attained their growth although they are still young, there yet appears that freshness which betrays their lack of his natural curiosity,

questions to tliose about ;

;

;

years, so also in Cyrus's case his talkativeness disclosed

not impertinence but naivete and an affectionate disposition, so that one would be better pleased to hear still more from his lips than to sit by and have

him keep silent. 4. But as he advanced

in stature and in years to the time of attaining youth's estate, he then came to use fewer words, his voice was more subdued, and he became so bashful that he actually blushed whenever he met his elders ; and that puppy-like manner of breaking in upon anybody and everybody alike he no So he longer exhibited with so much forwardness. became more quiet, to be sure, but in social interThe boys liked him, hu spirit course altogether charming. too for in all the contests in which those of the same ^j!^'"'^'^®' age are wont often to engage with one another he did not challenge his mates to those in which he knew he was superior, but he proposed precisely those exercises in which he knew he was not their equal, saying that he would do better than they; and he would at once take the lead, jumping up upon the horses to contend on horseback either in archery or in throwing the spear, although he was not yet a ;

47

of

XENOPHON irdvv

7r(ov ovTTco

u>v,

€7ro')(o<;

Be avT6
t)TTa>fieuo
kavTw fidXtara iyeXa.

e^'

'n9

5.

eh

TO

ovK airehihpaaKev ck tov i)rTa(Tdai

S'

o

TTocelv

fiT)

aXX"

rjTr&TO,

eKaXivSelro

r& ireipaadaL av6i
he

ra')(y

Be TO, ev

to

epav tov epyov, Ta)(V

irapaBeiaat Orjpia avrfKooKet,

^dW(ov

Kul

Bia

Trap'pet

T&

Koi KaTaKalvcov,

Biookcov

twcrre o 'AaTvdyrji;

ovKeT el^ev avTW (rvWeyeiv drjpla.

koX 6 K.vpo<:

aladojxevo'i oti ^ov\6fievo<; ov BvvaiTo oi

iroWa TV

ep,e

6p,oi,(o<;

acpoBpa

ttjv

Orjpav

7ral<{

a>v,

avTov vpo'i tov

oti

ov

fjBrj

XdKa
eavT& eytyvcTO' ov

tBot

KUipo^;

el

[KaX oTTOTe

vTrepecpiXet 7.

Tpi(j)ea0ai.

kuI a irpoadev tm

TTpocr^ei.

p})

Trapiec

el

iBetTO TrdvTco^ arj^alvetv

poirf

eVt

avT0
Tcpoarju,

Sdxa

dXTC deiw,

Ta>

epeixj)6T0

irdTTirov,

yap

TavTa

i^cevai

^eavTU Trdirire,

e'^eiv;

criiv

Xiirapelv eBvvaTO wairep

dX)C OKvrjpoTepov

^uKU

drjpav

Orjpla, efiol

iBoi

Be

eTTidufjLcov

ovKed'

iirl

eKirefX'irrj'i

oaa av

vofitct)

6.

^rjrovvTa irpdypaT

ae Bel drfpia

eav

eXeye Trpb^ avTop, 'fi

'Trapi'^eiu,

r'jBr)

'ETTet

S'

Kacpo
koi ol ovv

eiTj^^

dWot

eyvco

avT&

6

Kai

eXt},

tov

oiroTe ey^o)-

cocrTe

6

%dKa^

7rdvTe
AcrTvdyr)<;

(T(f)6Bpa

avTov iTTiOvpovvra efo) Orjpav, eKTre^nrei avTOV crvv T^ 6e'i

Kol

.

.

.

•Tij

bracketed by Zeune, Hug, GemoU, Marchant.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

4-7

rider, and when he was beaten he laughed at himself most heartily. 5. And as he did not shirk being beaten and take refuge in refusing to do that in which he was beaten, but persevered in attempting to do better next time, he speedily became the equal of his fellows in horsemanship and soon on account of his love for the sport he surpassed them and before long he had exhausted the supply of animals in the park by hunting and shooting and killing them, so that Astyages was no longer able to collect animals for him. And when Cyrus saw that notwithstanding his desire to do so, the king was unable to provide him with many animals alive, he said to him "Why should you take the trouble, grandfather, to get animals for me ? If you will only send me out with my uncle to hunt, I shall consider that all the 6. But though he animals I see were bred for me." was exceedingly eager to go out hunting, he could no longer coax for it as he used to do when he was a boy, but he became more diffident in his approaches. And in the very matter for which he found fault with Sacas before, namely that he would not admit him to his grandfather he himself now became a Sacas unto himself; for he would not go in unless he saw that it was a proper time, and he asked Sacas by all means to let him know when it was convenient. And so Sacas now came to love him dearly, as did all the rest. 7. However, when Astyages realized that he was He goes exceedingly eager to hunt out in the wilds, he let ""^ '* him go out with his uncle and he sent along some older men on horseback to look after liim, to keep

good

;

—

49

XENOPHON irpe
airo r&v Svax^^piwv (pvXdrtmv dyplcov tl (f>aveir) drjpioiv.

6iTai
Toiev avTov koX

el

ovv K{)po9 TOJv erropevcov TrpoOufMOif; eirvvddvero ov ')(^pr) Orjpioi^ TreXd^eiv Kol irola -^prj dappovvra htwKeiv. ol 8' eXeyov on dpKroi re 7roWov
rj

rd

iroXKov'i

Or^pia'

yap

^Sr) avTot<; T0i9 i7nroi
KaraKprj/xvicrOr^vaL.

Kal

8.

Ovpw^'

elhev

Se

iTTcXadop-eva

TOiv

dXXo opwv rj avTW 6 'i'K'KO'i KUKeivov

ravra ipdvdave wpoeXa^ov eKirrjhrjaacrav, irdvwv rjKovcrev eSlcoKev ovSev

6 KO/309 Trdvra

CO?

oTTT)

Kai 7r&)9 SiaTrrjScov yovara, koX p,CKpov ov pbrjv dXX! eirefMeivev

ecpevye. et?

TTtTrrei

e^6Tpa')(r)Xia-ev.

Kal 6 itttto^ e^avearr]. &)9 yXdev, aKovriaa^i Kara^dXXei KciXov tl ')(^pr]pLa Kal peya. Kal

K.vpo<; /ioXt? 7r&J9, h'

eh TO

Trjv

irehiov

€Xa(f)ov,

6 p,ev

8r}

virepe'^atpev'

ol

Se

(f)vXaK6
-rrpoaeXd-

m ii

iXotSopovv avrbv xal eXeyov ^ et? olov o KivSvvov eXdoi, Kal ecfiacrav KaTepeiv avTov. ovv Kvpo
TavTa

rjVLaTO.

a)9

5'

rjadeTO

Kpavyr]<;,

dveiri]|

wairep ivdovaicov, Kal (09 rov uvt'lov Kairpov irpoai^epopevov, elSev eK dvTio'i eXavvet Kal SiaTeivdfievo^ evcrTo')(w^ ^ /SaXXet et9 TO pbermirov Kal KaTea'xe rov Konrpov. Bijaev eirl rov

^

KOi txeyov

* tv(XT6x<^s

50

lttttov

!

bracketed by Cobet, Hug, Marchant. ; eyxuxwy {auccea^vlly) xz.

yR

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

7-8

him away from dangerous places and guard him against wild beasts, in case any should appear. Cyrus, therefore, eagerly inquired of those who attended him what animals one ought not to approach and without fear.

what animals

And

one might pursue they told him that bears and

boars and lions and leopards had killed many who came close to them, but that deer and gazelles and wild sheep and wild asses were harmless. And they said this also, that one must be on one's guard against dangerous places no less than against wild beasts for many riders had been thrown over precipices, horses and all. But 8. All these lessons Cyrus eagerly learned. when he saw a deer spring out from under cover, he forgot everything that he had heard and gave chase, seeing nothing but the direction in which it was making. And somehow his horse in taking a leap ;

knees and almost threw him over However, Cyrus managed, with some difficulty, to keep his seat, and his horse got up. And when he came to level ground, he threw his spear and brought down the deer a fine, large quarry. And he, of course, was greatly delighted but the guards rode up and scolded him and told him into what danger he had gone and declared that they would tell of him. Now Cyrus stood there, for he had dismounted, and was vexed at being spoken to in this way. But when he heard a halloo, he sprang uf)on his horse like one possessed and when he saw a boar rushing straight toward him, he rode to meet him and aiming well he struck the boar between the eyes and brought him down. fell its

uf>on its

head.

—

;

5«

XENOPHON evjavOa

9.

/xevrot

koX 6

7]Brj

povfiivov

6fi(o<;

6eto<;

avra>

iXoi-

avrov XoiSoiSeiTO 6a a avrof eXa^e, ravra

SopelTO, TTjV OpaavrrjTa opwv.

6

idaai elaKOjucaavTa Bovvai tw

8'

rov Be

TraTTTTco.

delov elireiv (paaiv, 'AXV rjv aladrjTai on iBc(OK€<;, ov crol fMovov XotBop^crerai, koX ifioi, on

aWa

elwv.

ere

Kal

rjv

^ovXrjrai, (fydvai avrov, fiaanyaxTaTOi, avrw. koL crvye, 6 ^ov\ei,^

n

eTretBdv 7e iyo) But €(f>rj,

&

dele, nficopr]<7dfievo
ravra

o/jl(i><}

')(apiaai

flOl.

Kal 6 Kva^dprj'i fiivroc reXevrMV eiire, Yioiei ^ovXer av yap vvv
OTTW^

elvai.

10.

r&

re

Ovro)

Br)

ra Orjpia iBiBov avrb^ ravra Oijpd-

6 K.vpo<: elaKop^vcra^

7rd7nr(p Kal eXeyev

on

aeiev eKe'ivw. Kal ra aKovna iireBeiKvv p,ev ov, Kare6r}Ke Be r/p,ar(op,ipa ottov wero rov Trunrrov 6 Be ^Aarvdyrjii dpa elrrev, 'AXV, Si 6-\}r€adai. rral, Be^op^t P'€V eycoye r]Be(o
Bvveveiv.

Kal

o

tKerevfi),

K{)po9 co

ei7,

irdtrire,

Et

ep,ol

roivvv Bo
av

Beet,

6'ira>
rot?

p,r}

avrd,

r]XiKicorac<; iy(o BiaBco.

'AXX,',

0)

TTal,

€(f)j]

6

^

Aarvdyi]
ravra

Xa^div BcaBcBov 6r(p av ^ovXei Kal r&v dXXcov oTToaa i6eXei
o TJ

have '

Xa^Mv

BovKei Hug, Marchant

;

eBiBov re dpa
tj ffoiXet after TiixwpriatkjjLfvos. ipas zzR, &pa y (aceofdingly).

roh

MSS. ; but yliC-

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

9-11

This time, however, his uncle also reproved him, he had witnessed his foolhardiness. But for all his scolding, Cyrus nevertheless asked his permission to carr}' home and present to his grandfather all the game that he had taken himself. And his uncle, they say, replied " But if he finds out that you have been giving chase, he will chide not only you but me also for allo'wing you to do so." "And if he choose," said Cyrus, "let him flog me, provided only I may give him the game. And you, uncle," said he, "may punish me in any way you please only grant me this favour." And finally Cyaxares said, though with reluctance " Do as you wish ; for now it looks as if it were yon who are our king." 10. So Cyrus carried the animals in and gave them to his grandfather, saying that he had himself taken this game for him. As for the hunting spears, though he did not show them to him, he laid them down all blood-stained where he thought his grandfather would see them. And then Astyages said : " Well, my boy, I am glad to accept what you offer me ; however, I do not need any of tliese things enough for you to risk your hfe for them." " Well then, grandfather," said Cyrus, "if you do He not need them, please give them to me, that I may f^e*"]!"**' 9.

for

:

—

^y

them among my bov friends." among hia "All right, my boy/' ^id Astyages, "take both '«*'*"^*' this and of the rest of the game as much as you wish and give it to whom you will." 11. So Cyrus received it and took it away and divide

53

XENOPHON koX afxa eXeyev, 'fl TratSe?, w? dpa i^\va

Traitrl

povfiep ore

ra

r&

ev

TrapaBeicr^ Or^pia idrjpM/ubev

ofioiov e/ioiye BoKet elvat olovirep et rt? BeSefieva

^wa rjVt

TTpcoTOv

Oijpwrj.

eirena XeTrra

avrcov x^oXov

rjv,

yap

fiev

koX

ev /niKpa>

yjrcopdXea,

to Se ko\o/36v'

xal

)(wpi(p

to

/jcev

ra S' ev to?? Ka\d, &)? he

6peat KoX XeLfiaxTL 6-qpia w? fiev fieyaXa, w? 8e Xi'Trapa e<^aivero. Ka\ at fiev e\a(f)oi

Mairep Trrrival {'jWovto

7rpo
Kairpoi wairep tou? avSpa^ ecpepovro'

ofxoae

vtto

he

rov ovpavov, ol he

^aal tov^ avSpeiov; t^9

TrXarvrijTO'} ovhe

t tjv avrcov KaWico hi], e<^ri, ep,OLye hoKel kuI TedvTjKora elvai ravra 7) ^(ovra aXk' apa dv, e^rj, eKeiva ra 7repi(pKohofir}/j,€va. a/Maprelv

olov

d^elev Kal

Kal 12.

vfid<; ol irarepe^; irrl

pqBico<;

Kal

y

dv, €(f)aaav, el

Kvpo'i

6

elrre,

dtjpav;

Aarvdyr)<; KeXevoi,

Tt9 ovv dv ^/uv 'A-

crrvdyet pLvrjaOelri;

Tt9 yap dv, €<pacrav, aov ye iKav(or€po
54

virep rj/x&v

xzR

tV

dv ri

herj

hvvijaei irpdrreiv,

1

y (the weakling swears by Hera). S(ii/6Taros tteonclavius, Edd. ; SeivSraroy MSS. rlv Aia

:

"tipav

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

11-12

proceeded to distribute it among the boys, saying as " What tomfoolery it was, fellows, when we used to himt the animals in the park. To me at least, it seems just like hunting animals that were For, in the first place, they were in a small tied up. space ; besides, they were lean and mangy and one of them was lame and another maimed. But the animals out on the mountains and the plains ^how fine they looked, and large and sleek And the deer leaped up skyward as if on wings, and the boars came charging at one, as they say brav^e men do in battle. And by reason of their bulk it was quite impossible to miss them. And to me at least," said he, "these seem really more beautiful, when dead, than those pent up creatures, when alive. But say," said he, " would not your fathers let you " go out himting, too ? " Aye, and readily, " they said, " if Astyages should give the word." 12. " Whom, then, could we find to speak about it The boys ^y*'^*'"*" to Astyages ? " said Cyrus. " Why," said they, " who would be better able to hunting to gain his consent than you yourself.'' " No, by Zeus," said he, "not I I do not know . what sort of fellow I have become ; for I cannot *'''^ speak to my grandfather or even look up at him any more, as I used to do. And if I keep on at this rate," said he, " I fear 1 shall become a mere dolt and ninny. But when I was a little fellow, I was thought ready enough to chatter." "That's bad news you're giving us," answered the boys, " if you are not going to be able to act for us

he did so

:

;

—

!

^

;

55

XENOPHON

dW

aWou

Tfci/09

TO

13. ^AKOvcra
irrl

ae

ravra

6

^

dvdy/cr) ecrrai heiaOai.

Kvpo^

i8-qx^V>

'^^''

<^''7V

aTreXOcov hiaKeXeva-dfjuevo^ eavrcp roX/xdv elarjXOev, e7rt^ou\€V(Ta<; otto)? Trairirov

diroZpa ae tcov oIkctcov

TraTTTre, ijv xf?

avTw

avTov, tC

Tt aXKo,

7rpo
top

rol
iraialv

fxoi,,

e(f)7j,

<w

\d^T}<;

/cal

y^prjaei;

ecfirj, rj

8i](ra
ipyd^ecrdat dvayKda-(o;

Be avr6fiaT0<; TrdXiv eXdrj, ttco? irotijaec^;

''H.v

Be,

TOVTO

ey],

TTOLTJ,

"Clpa dv, eirj

ecTrot

EtVe

rjp^aro ovv wSe.

cov iSeovTO.

Ti

av dXvTroTUTa

koX StaTrpd^eiev aurw re koX

i^

fjLa
el firj

€<j>r}

6

KOpo?,

^ovXevopai ye ottw?

ae diroBpSi Xa^a>v tov? '^Xikkotu^ K.al 6 ^AcTTvdyrjii,

Ka\w9,

evBoOev ydp,

KiveiaBac.

a^$i
fir)

trapaaKevd^eaOat

crol

oTfp paaTiyco(rec<; pe, «W9

eiTTcov

Xva

dp)(r]
e^t],

'x^apUv ydp,

^(f>V>

iirl dijpav.

^T^oirjaa'; irpo-

dirayopevo}

ecjirj,

el

aoi

prj

eveKa KpeaBiwv

T^ dvyarpl top iracBa dTro^ovKoXijcraipi. 14. 'AKoucra? ravra 6 Kvpo<; eTreldero pev Ka\ epevev,^ dpiapo<; Be Kal aKvOpwrro^ 6 pevroi ^ A(7rvdr/T)<; eVet

yev.

pevov la-'X^upco^;, ^ovX6pevo *

^ttI ffi

« ifxeyev

xz,

Edd.;

F, Edd.;

M

crol

iij.ei.yfv

wv

eVi'ft)

aiwirfj Bii}-

avrbv Xvttov-

'^^api^ecrdai,

e^dyei

yRC^ {in your power). MSS. except F.

all

S6

i

CYROPAEDIA,

iv.

I.

12-14

need, and we shall have to ask somebody do your part." 13. And Cyrus was nettled at hearing this and went away >vithout a word and when he had summoned up his courage to make the venture, he went in, after he had laid his plans how he might with the least annoyance broach the subject to his grandfather and accomplish for himself and the other boys what they desired. Accordingly, he " Tell me, grandfather," said he, began as follows "if one of your servants runs away and you catch him again, what will you do to him ? " "What else," said he, "but put him in chains and in case of

else to

;

:

make him work

.''

" But if he comes back again of his own accord, " what will you do ? " What," said he, " but flog him to prevent his doing it again, and then treat him as before "It may be high time, then," said Cyrus, "for you to be making ready to flog me for I am planning to run away from you and take my comrades out .''

;

hunting." " You have done well to tell me in advance," said Astyages " for now," he went on, " I forbid you to stir from the palace. For it would be a nice thing, if, for the sake of a few morsels of meat, I should play the careless herdsman and lose my daughter her ;

son."

When

he obeyed and stayed downcast and sulky. However, when Astyages saw that he was exceedingly disappointed, wishing to give him pleasure, he took him out to hunt ; he had got the 14.

at

home; he

Cyrus heard

this,

said nothing, but continued

57

They have ?8Teat

XENOPHON eVl

Koi

Orjpav,

ttoWov';

Tre^ou?

auvakicra
ra Oripia

linrdcnfjba "X^copia

koI

l7nr€a<;

avveXdaa^

ra

elf

eTrolrjae fieydXrjv Orjpav.

Koi ^aai\ifC(a
0)

?}8ea)9

Oijpdv,

fie

tov<;

a
kut

ifie

7rdvTa
Kpdricrra Svvatro. 15. ^RvTUvda 8r) 6 *Aa-Tvdr/r)i\oviKovvTa? Kul Bi(OK0VTa<; kuI dKovrl^ovTa dvuKXd^ovTi, oirore ttXtjatd^oi dijpio), Kal irapaKakovvn ovo/Jbaarl eKaarov. KoX rov jxev KarayeXatuTa avrbv opwv r}v(f)paLvero, TOP Be TLva KOL eTraivovvra [^avrov rjaddvero] ^ ovS" TeXo
Tov

fiev

rio
irXelcTTOV

Br}

Kvpo<;, irddiv

r)Bovr}<; fiev

KaKov

^A/jL
Be

fievov

avrov

6

/xeXXayv

rovrov rov 1

'

58

ovro)

Birjyev

6

tivo<; (Tvvai-

Be ovBevo^.^

16.

yajxelv

'X^povov

Kal dyaQov

rd

irevre

vlbf

rj

rov

iTreBvfirjaev

')(p6vov.

cK/caiBeKa errj yevoAacrvpicov ^acrtXewi

avrbf

dKovwv ovv

drjpdaai,

ei?

iv ro2<; fiedopioi^

avrhv ipadiviTo MSS. ; bracketed by Herwerden, ohl(v6s xzR, Marcliant ; obitvi y, Gemoll.

Edd-

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

14-16

boys together, and a large number of men botli on foot and on horseback, and when he had driven the wild animals out into country where riding was practicable, he instituted a great hunt. And as he was present himself, he gave the royal command that no one should throw a spear before Cyrus had his fill of hunting. But Cyrus would not permit him to interfere, but said: "If you wish me to enjoy the hunt, grandfather, let all my comrades give chase and strive to outdo one another, and each do his very best." 15. Thereupon, Astyages gave his consent and from his position he watched them rushing in rivalry upon the beasts and vying eagerly with one another in giving chase and in throwing the spear. And he was pleased to see that Cyrus was unable to keep silence for delight, but, like a well-bred hound, gave tongue whenever he came near an animal and urged on each of his companions by name. And the king was delighted to see him laugh at one and praise another without the least bit of jealousy. At length, then, Astyages went home with a large amount of game ; and he was so pleased with that chase, that thenceforth he always went out with Cyrus when it was possible, and he took along 'vvith him not only many others but, for Cyrus's sake, the boys as well. Thus C_yTus passed most of his time, contriving some pleasure and good for all, but responsible for nothing unpleasant to any one. 16. But when Cyrus was about fifteen or sixteen years old, the son of the Assyrian king, on the eve of his marriage, desired in person to get the game for that occasion. Now, hearing that on the frontiers

59

XENOPHON TOK

avT&v Koi

T€

dv/jiTjaev

e^eXOelv.

e/xeWov avrat

i^eXdv

et? to, ipyda-ifid re

Se

iroXkb,

$rjpia

OTTOv

e'/c

twv Xaalcov rh koi evrfXara.

ra

avrol<;

rjv

ivravOa

OrjpmT),

aa(f)a\(b'i

iroWovf; koi 7re\ra<JTd<;,

otrive^

ovv

oiroif;

lirTTea^ re irpocreXu^e

fi€VO<;

Mj^Swy

TOi?

8ia rbv iroXefiov, ivravOa eVe-

dOrjpevTa

elvat

(jipovpia

iSetTrvoTroielro,

Orjpia d(f)iK6-

Koi

tt/jw

rj

t^

ucrrepaLa drjpdacov. 17. ^'HSrj 8e €<77repa
rj

SiaSoxv

'''fj

irpoaOev (pvXaKfj ep^^rat e/c 7roX-e&)9 fcal lirirel^ KaX Tre^oL eSo^ev ovv avTM ttoXKt] (rrpaTia irapelvai' Svo

yap

/tat vre^oy?.

XerjXaTfjaai

ovv /cpdricTTOV elvat

craro

M.r]8cKrj<;,

Kal

^vXaKal, iroWovf; i^ovXev-

ofiov rjaav

re auro<; rJKev €)(cou linreafi

XafiTrporepov

t

av

e/c

avrjvai

t7j<;

to

koi lepelwv av ttoXXtjv d^doviav ovra> 8r) irpm dvaaTa<; r^ye ivofii^e yevecrOai. TO arpdjeviia, Kal Tov
epyov

Trj<;

Oi]pa<;

irpoa-eXdaa'i 7rpo<;

ra rwv

M.'qhcDV

^eXriarovi Kal TrXetcrrov? €^(ov fied^ eavrov evravda Karifjuetvev, to? fir) fioy]6oiev ol (ppovpol t5)v M?^S&)i/ eirX rov<; KaTadeovra^, rov<; h' iTrirrjSeiov; dcfitJKe Kara (f)vXa
fxev

Oelv,

Kal cKeXeve irepi^aXofievov^ ora rif iirLTVyiXavveiv Trpo? eavrov.

'XjdvoL

Ol

/xev 8ri

ravra eirparrov.

Aarvdyei, on e^efBorjdei, Kal avro<; Be Tc5

60

^

TroXe/xLot, 7rpo
18. (Tr)[xav6evroiv

elaiv ev ry ^((apa,

rd opia

aiiv rol'i irepi

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

16-18

of Assyria and Media there was plenty of game that because of the war had not been hunted, he desired to go out thither. Accordingly, that he

might hunt without danger, he took along a large force of cavalry and targeteers, who were to drive the game out of the thickets for him into country that

was open and suitable for riding. And when he arrived where their frontier-forts and the garrison were, there he dined, planning to hunt early on the following day.

And now when

evening had come, the relief- The came from the city, f^J'^^ both horse and foot. He thought, therefore, that Media he had a large army at hand for the two garrisons were there together and he himself had come with a large force of cavalry and infantiy. Accordingly, he decided that it was best to make a foray into the Median territory and he thought that thus the exploit of the hunt would appear more brilliant and that the number of animals captured would be immense. And so, rising early, he led his array out the infantry he left together at the frontier, while he himself, riding up with the horse to the outposts of the Medes, took his stand there with most of his bravest men about him, to prevent the Median guards from coming to the rescue against those who were scoui*ing the country and he sent out the proper men in divisions, some in one direction, some in another, to scour the country, with orders to capture whatever they came upon and bring it to 17.

corps for the former garrison

;

;

hiiD.

So they were engaged in these operations. 18. But to Astyages that there were enemies in the country, he himself sallied forth to

when word was brought

61

XENOPHON avTov KoX 6

avrov ooaainoo^

vlo
crvp rot? irapa-

TV)(ovaiv iTTTToraif^ koI rot? aXKoi
TTCLCTLV

C09

Ze elhov 7roXkov
'Aaavpicov avvrera'yfxivov^ koI

rS>v

icr^fjuaivc

avO poiiTOV

TOv
iirirea^i

i)avx^<^v exovra
'O

KOpo?

Be

aWov
Tore OTrXa

ovirore

ev8v
dp/xoTTOvra

avrw

a

eTreTToirjTO.

ourco

Be

TO)

KoX 6

tTTTTft).

Ke\evaavTO
Koi

eK^orjOec

e^oTrXlaacrdai'

avTol
^

Kal

iK^or)dovvTa
6pa)P

iraacrvSl,

ol6/u,€vo
fidXa

Se

irdinro^

rov
Trp&TOV

avTb
ovTco
KoKa

i^OTrXicrdfievo'i

rjv

to

irepl

Kal

awfia

irpoarikaae

XaTvdyrj'i edavfiaae fiev

Tti/o?

Be elirev avT(p p,eveiv irap

tjkol, ofiQ)<;

eavTov. 19.

'O

Be

K.vpo
avTLov
elaiv,

o'l

*H

Kal eKelvoi,

KaKeiPOL

N^

^7],

i7nria
irdinre, irdkefuoi

Si

e(pearT^Kaa-L T0t9 ittttok; ^yoe'/ia;

TloXe/xioi fxevTot,

'H

ttoXXou?

elBe

609

ovTOi

TOP

e(jir).

ol

ecftt),

eXavpovre^i

fievTOL.

At',

Si

e<pr],

irdirire,

aW'

otip Tropijppf

ye ^aipoficpoi koI eVt Troprjpcop iinrapioip dyova-tr i^/ji&p

rd

r^fiSiP eir

avTOVS-

*AA,V ov^

T&p 6a

ovkovp XPV ^Xavpeip Ttm
'X^p'^fiaTa'

iTnreciiP

opa
e^r],

ea-TijKe

Si

real,

oaop ro

avPTCTayfiepop;

at

eV

_

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

the frontier in person with his

18-19 body-guard, and

likewise his son with the knights that

happened to

be at hand marched out, while he gave directions to all the others also to come out to his assistance. But when thej saw a large number of Assyrian

drawn up and their cavalry standing still, the also came to a halt. When Cyrus saw the rest marching out with all speed, he put on his armour then for the first time and started out, too this was an opportunity that he had thought would never come so eager was he to don his arms and the armour that his grandfather had had made to order for him was very beautiful and fitted him well. Thus equipped he rode up on his horse. And though Astyages wondered at whose order he had come, he nevertheless told tlie lad to come and stay by his side. 19. And when Cyrus saw many horsemen over against them, he asked " Say, grandfather," said he, "are those men enemies who sit there quietly " upon their horses } troops

Medes

Cyrus ^oes '''* ° ®

;

—

;

:

" Yes, indeed, they are," said he. " Are those enemies, too," said Cyrus, " riding *'

up and down

who

are

" .''

Yes, they are enemies, too."

"Well then, by Zeus, grandfather,"

said he, "at any rate, they are a sorry looking lot on a sorry lot of nags who are raiding our belongings. Why, some of us ought to charge upon them." "But don't you see, my son," said the king, "what a dense array of cavalry is standing there in

63

'

XENOPHON eKeivovi '^fi€i<; iXavvrofiev, vTroTCfiovpTai 7)fMd
TOV<;

/3(ivr]'i

Kol ov Kivijaovrai, Xeiav,

Tr]v

oi 8'

iireiSdv

(^o^rjaovraL

ovTOi

dyovTe^ evdi)^ d^rjcrovai Tiva<;

'iScocri,

eV

avTov
e\avvovra? Kal i
'Aarudyei,.

vovv.

Ovrai K-vpOf

0)9

elhov

elhev

Xa^oov rcav

dvSpcov

eppco/uLevcov

TrpoaeXavpei.

6pp.o)fievov
koI

i^opfia, koI

6

avro
Kva^dpyj^ fievroi Kal ol oXXol he ovk direXelirovro. tu? avrov^ ireXd^ovra^i ol XerfKarovvref,

rjyelro Ta%e&)9, Kal

id)ec7rero,

he

K.va^dpr](;

Kal

re

'irp5)ro
evOixi

6

hr]

iTTTTCov^

d(f)evre
ra

'x^prjp.ara

€evyov.

21. 01

8'

rov Kvpov LTrerifivovro, Kal 01)9 /xev KareK.vpore<; avrcov €(f}daaav, Karoiriv rovrov
rLvd
"Hcnrep he kvcov yevvalo^i

drreipo'i

Kal

(f)iperai Trpo^ Kdirpov, ovrco *

iKiivoi

MSS., Dindorf, Sauppe

;

dirpovorjrcdq

KO/J09

ecfyepero,

bracketed by Hug, Mar-

chant ; ivOiv^t Geraoll. ^ i\u y, Edd.; (\d(Ta> xzR. • h-Kwy F, Edd. ; liririuv xzDR.

64

I

CYROPAEDIA,

1.

iv.

19-21

line? If we charge upon those over tliere, these in turn will cut us off; while as for us, the main body of our forces has not yet come." "But if you stay here/' said Cyrus, "and take up the reinforcements that are coming to join us, these

fellows will be afraid

and

will not stir, while the

raiders will drop their booty, just as soon as they see

some of us charging on them." 20. It seemed to Astyages that there was some-

His plan for

thing in Cyrus's suggestion, when he said this. And ^ while he wondered that the boy was so shrewd and wide-awake, he ordered his son to take a division of the cavalry and charge upon those who were carrying off the spoU. "And if," said he, "these others make a move against you, I will charge upon them, so that they will be forced to turn their attention to

^

us."

So then Cyaxares took some of the most powerful and men and advanced. And when Cyrus saw them starting, he rushed off and soon took the lead, while Cyaxares followed after, and the rest also were not left behind. And when the foragers saw them approaching, they straightway let go their booty and took to flight. 21. But Cyrus and his followers tried to cut them off, and those whom they caught they at once struck down, Cyrus taking the lead and they pursued hard after those who sueceeded in getting past, and they did not give up but took some of them prisoners. As a well-bred but untrained hound rushes reck- hu reckieat lessly upon a boar, so Cyrus rushed on, with regard '^*""* horses

;

65

XENOPHON Traieiv rov oKiaKOfievov, aWo S" ovSev irpovoMV. Ot he TToXe/jLioi (09 kdopoiv irovovvra'i tolk; (T(f)€T€pov<;, TrpovKivt]aav to
fiovov opcov TO

Tov

fievov
a)OC

inro

ehicoKe

Bicoyfiov,

22. o

t?}?

kol

eVel

tSoiev

a(f)d(;

irpoop/j./)-

pboXkou aviei} avaKaXwv rov delov

KO/ao? ovhev

he

')(apixovri
i(j')(ypav

rrjv

7ro\e/itot9

rol
(fivyrjv

tearexdiv eiroiei, koX 6 K.va^dp7] toioutm el<;

TO

htcoKCiV Kal 01

fxr)

ttuvv

7rpo<;

tov^ ivavrlov;

akKifioL ovre
'O he ^Aarvdyjj'i Tou?

hicoKOVTU^,

dTrpovoijrwi d6p6ov<; re Kal

o)? e
he

iroXefiiovi

T€Tayfjbevov<; v7ravT(ovTa
tov vlov

eh rrapea icevaafievov
ara/cro)?

Kal tov K.upov ifnrecrovTe'i

fir)

irddoiev

ti,

rjyelTO

ev9v<;

tou?

irpo'i

TToXe/uoi'?.

23.

Ol

8'

av

irpoKLvrjOevra^i,

ol he

TO,

TToXepbLOL

elhov Toixi

a>'i

hiareivdfievoc

To^a elaTTjKeaav,

ol 609

fiev

M?;Sof9 TraXTo,

to.

av, eireihr]

^

et9

ro^ev/xa d(f>iKocvTO, aTrjcroixevov;, Scnrep to, TrXe?cTa elcoOeaav Troieiv. f^^xpi- yoip Toaovrov, oTrore eyyvTaTa yevoivro, irpoa-ijXavvov dWijXot'i Kal r^KpolSoXii^ovTO

TToWaKLf

p^expt

eairepaf;.

he ecopcov rov^ /lev (Tt^erepov^

(j>^yj)

(^epouevovi, tov^ 6' djK^l tov

Kvpov avv

ofiov dyofievovf, tov he ^AcrTvdyrjv ivUi J, Edd. ; iyieU xzR. ws aS, ivfiS^ Hug ; &i H, ireiSi] jRC^ ; a\\' XZ.

^h

errel

eavTOv<;

eir avTOv
*

'

%6

ivttSij

Marchant, Gemoll

;

&s

tty

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

21-23

iv.

for nothing but to strike down every one he overtook and reckless of anything else. The enemy, however, when they saw their comrades hard pressed, advanced their column in the hope that the Medes would give up the pursuit on seeing them push forward. 22. But none the more did Cyrus give over, but in his battle-joy he called to his uncle and continued the pursuit and pressing on he put the enemy to headlong flight, and Cyaxares did not fail to follow, partly perhaps not to be shamed before his father and the rest likewise followed, for under such circumstances they were more eager for the pursuit, even those who were not so very brave in the face of the enemy. But when Astyages saw them pursuing recklessly and the enemy advancing in good order to meet them, he was afraid that something might happen to his son and Cyrus, if they fell in disorder upon the enemy in readiness for battle, and straightway he advanced upon the foe. 23. Now the enemy on their part, when they saw the Medes advance, halted, some with spears poised, others with bows drawn, expecting that the other side would also halt, as soon as they came within bow-shot, just as they were accustomed generally to do; for it was their habit to advance only so far against each other, when they came into closest quarters, and to skirmish with missiles, oftentimes But when they saw their comrades till evening. rushing in flight toward them, and Cyrus and his followers bearing down close upon them, and ;

;

Astyages with his cavalry getting already within

67

XENOPHON ivTo^
ijSr}

TO^€UfiaTo
/cat

(pevyovatv ojxodev 8io)KovTa<; ava Kpdro^.

"Hipovv

TToWoy?" koI tol'9 fiev aXiaKOfievov^ Xmrov; koX dv8pa
Se

eiraiov koX

KareKcuvov xal ov irpoadev ecnrjuav irpiv^ irpo<; T0t9 7refot9 TbiV ^A-cravplcdv iyivovro. ivravOa Seicravra fxy koI ii/iSpa

/jbivTOt,

tc<;

fiec^wv

vire'iii,

eTria^ov.

TOVTov

St) avrjyev o ^AarvdyT)';, jxaXa %atiTnroKparca, koI tov Kvpov ovk e^wy o T4 ')(^pr] \iyeiv, alriov fiev ovra elSoo^ tov epyov, fiaivofievov Se yiyvcoaKcou ttj to\/j,t}. koX yap rore diTLovTcav o'iKaSe fi6vu
24.

'

E/c

p(ov KoX

rf]

dWo

fi6Xi
auTov d(j>ekKV(TavTe^ ol iirl tovto ra'xd^vre'i Karvdyev, fidXa eimrpoaOev t5>

•rrpocrriyayov

TTOLOVfJievov Tov
(OTTOV

TOV TrdiTiTOV

avTOV. 25. *Rv fiev

"qypLOifievov

itrX

ttj

to TrpoaQka tt}

TavTa eyeyevrfTo, kol 61 re tov Kvpov 8id aT6/xaTo
8t} M.'^Soi'i

7rdvTe<;

* "Kpiv Dindorf, Breitenbach, et al.

68

Hug;

w^J.'

%

MSS., Gemoll, Marchant,

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

23-25

bow-shot, they broke and fled with all their might from the Medes who followed hard after them. The Medes caught up with many of them and those whom they overtook they smote, both men and horses and the fallen they slew. Nor did they stop, until they came up with the Assyrian infantry. Then, however, fearing lest some greater force might be lying in ambush, they came to a halt. 24. Then Astyages marched back, greatly rejoic-jThe "ctory due to him ing over the victory of his cavalry but not knowingi what to say of Cyrus for though he realized that his grandson was responsible for the outcome, yet hej recognized also that he was frenzied with daring.! And of this there was further evidence for, as the rest made their way homeward, he did nothing but ride around alone and gloat upon the slain, and only with difficulty did those who were detailed to do so succeed in dragging him away and taking him to Astyages and as he came, he set his escort well before him, for he saw that his grandfather's face was angry because of his gloating upon them. 25. Such was his hfe in Media and Cyrus was not only on the tongues of all the rest both in story and in song, but Astyages also, while he had esteemed him before, was now highly delighted with him. And Cambyses, Cyrus's father, was pleased to learn this. But when he heard that Cyrus was already performing a man's deeds, he summoned him home to complete the regular curriculum in Persia. And Cyrus also, we are told, said then that he wished to go home, in order that his father miglit not feel any displeasure nor the state be disposed to ;

;

;

;

;

;

69

XENOPHON 'AcTTfayei 8e eSoxei eivat avayKaiov airoTre^ireiv avTov. "RvOa or] LTTTTOvi; t€ avTa> 8ov<; ovacrav ovtiv ov 8aKpvovT d7roaTpe] ov * fidXiara r)(nrd^eTO. Toi)^ fievToi XajSovrwi koX he^afxevovf; rd 8o)pa Xeyerai 'Acrrvayec aTreveyKelv, ^AcTTvdyrjv 8e 8e^d/j,€vov Kvpa> dTroTre/jbyjrac, top Se irdXiv re diroireixy^ai et? Mj/Sou"? kol elirelv, Et ^ovXei, & irdirire, e'/^e /cat TrdXiv Uvat d)<; ere [xr] ala-)(yv6fxevov, ea e^^iv et tw Aa-Tvdytjv 8e ravra aKovcravTa Tt iyoD 8i8o)Ka' TTOirjcraL wairep K.vpo(; iirearei-Xev. 27. Et Se 8eL Kal 7rai8tKov Xoyov iinfivijcrdrjvat, Xeyerai, ore KOpo? dir^ei Kal aTrrjXXdTTovro dir^

aWa

^

dXXrjXmv,

en

t&>

(TrofxarL

TlepaiKS' Kal yap vvv rovro iroLovai Hepaar dv8pa Se riva rwv

lr)\5>v

in

avrov

vofxq)

ko} f)Ai/ces GemoU ; [Kal-rra75es] Marchant. ; Tovrtf] %v Jlug, Holden ; StjAov Sti roirif %v y ; rovTov xzR, Diiidorf, Breitenbach, et al. ; StjAowO'

* [/cal TJAi/ces]

* [6fj\ou

Hug

in

on rovTov H. J.

70

(Tvyyevel<; (f>i\ovvra
rov<;

dTTOTvepbiread ai

Miiller, Gemoll,

Marchant, et

al.

CYROPAEDIA, criticise

and Astyages,

;

too,

I.

iv.

25-27

thought

it

expedient to

send him home.

So he

him go and not only gave him the

let

His retani

horses that he desired to take, but he packed up

many

other things for him because of his love for also because he cherished high hopes that his grandson would be a man able both to help his friends and to give trouble to his enemies. And

him and

everybody, both boys and men, young and old, and Astyages himself, escorted him on horseback as he went, and they say that there was no one who turned back without tears. 26. And Cyrus also, it is And they say that he said, departed verj' tearfully. distributed as presents among his young friends many of the things that Astyages had given to him ; and finally he took off the Median robe which he had on and gave it to one whom he loved very dearly. It is said, however, that those who received and accepted his presents carried them to Astyages, and Astyages received them and returned them to Cyrus but Cyrus sent them back again to Media with this message "If you wish me ever to come back to you again, grandfather, without having to be ashamed, permit those to whom I have given anything to keep it" And when Astyages heard this, he did as ;

:

Cyrus's letter bade. 27.

Now,

we may relate a sentimental story, we A when Cyrus was going away and they J^™*"***'

if

are told that

were taking leave of one another, his kinsmen bade him good-bye, after the Persian custom, with a kiss upon his lips. And that custom has survived, for so the Persians do even to this day. Now a certain

XENOPHON MijScov fxaXa koKov Ka'yadov ovra eKirevXri^Oai

TToXvv TLva yjpovov

uTro\ei(f>6r]vai' eTret S' ol

T^

deiv

Tt

dWot

K.vpa) kcu elrrelv,

w

rSiv (rvyjevoyv,

(TKei<;

r& KoWet rov Kvpov,

irrl

he icopa tov<} cv
rjviKa

Si, eiireiv

aTrijXOov, irpoaeK-

'E/xe jjlovov

K.vpe;

rov Kvpov, ^ koX

MaXicrra,

(pdvai.

TavT dpa,

eltreiv

ov ycyvco-

crv arvyyevr)*; el;

rov Kvpov, koX evecopa^

^

fior

'^oWaKi'iydp Soku ce yiyvaxxKeiv rovro iroiovvra. n.po(Te\0€iv fid

yap

aoi, e^rj, del fiovX6fi€vo
rov^ 6eoif^ rja^vvofirjv.

'AW

ov/c eSei,

(f)dvai

rov Kvpov, a-vyyevrj ye

ovra' dfui Be irpotreXdovra (fnXrjaac avrov. 28.

Kal rov MijBov

epeadai,

'H kuX

iv Hepaaii; v6fio<; iarlv ovro<; a-vyyevel^; (f>i\€iv;

MaXtcrra,

Xpovov "D.pa

orav ye iSwaiv

(f^dvai,

dX\.i]\ov
dTriaav iroi air' aXXrfkcov.

rj

dv

(j)iXelv ifii'

eiTj,

6

ecfyij

d'jrep')(^Ofiai

M^So?, fidka

ydp,

tu?

opa^,

-rrdXiv

ere

ijBr].

Ovrco Kal rov Kvpov (faXyjcravra irdXiv diroTrefiireiv

*

* avroL
ivedpas y, Edd.

^ iiijvvaBai

72

Kal oBov re ovtto)

Kal dirievai.

BiTjvvadac

Kal rov MrjBov rjKeiv ;

R, Edd.

"ttoXXtjv

irdXiv

ivopas xzR. ;

Sitpiffdai

xz

;

SteXriKvaOat J.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

27-28

iy.

Median gentleman, very noble, had for some conbeen struck with Cyrus's beauty, and when he saw the boy's kinsmen kissing him, he hung back. But when the rest were gone, he came up to Cyrus and said " Am I the only one of your kinsmen, Cyrus, whom you do not recognize as siderable time

:

such

" ?

"What," **

"do you mean

said Cyrus,

you, too, are a kinsman

to say that

" ?

Certainly," said he.

"That

is

the reason, then,

" why you used to

it

me

seems," said Cyrus,

for if I am not have often noticed you doing so." "Yes," said he, "for though I was always desirous of coming to you, by the gods I was too

mistaken,

stare at

;

I

bashful."

—

" Well, you ought not to have been at any rate, you were my kinsman," said Cyrus and at the same time he went up and kissed him. 28. And when he had been given the kiss, the Mede asked " Really, is it a custom in Persia to if

;

:

kiss one's kinsfolk ?

"

" Certainly,"

said he "at least, when they see one another after a time of separation, or when they part from one another." "It may be time, then, for you to kiss me once again," said the Mede " for, as you see, I am parting from you now." And so Cyrus kissed him good-bye again and went on his way. But they had not yet gone far, when the Mede came back with his horse in a ;

;

73

XENOPHON iBpovvTi TO)

Ma

Ata,

oXCyov

tjkco

elireiv,

Sia

N^

rj,

elTrelv; ')(^p6vov.

AC,

w

(rvyy€i'€<;, 8i

ye.

Hoiov okiyov
aXV

(f)dvai,

Kat rov K.vpov

'AXV

Koi TOP Kvpov Ihovra,

iTTirq)'

eirekddov rt mv e^ovkov

cfxivai,

(o Jfivpe,

irdvv 7ro\u9

;

on

fioi

elveiv rov M.rjBov. ovk olaOa, Kal ocrov
Sokci elvai,

on

6pm

oi/^

rore

ToiovTov ovra;

top K.vpov yeXdaai re eK tcov Kal elireiv avr& dappetv diriovn, oti TrapecxTai, avTol<; oXcyov )(p6vov, ware opav i^iarai Kav ^ovXrjrai daKapBa/MVKTL. ^EiVTavOa

Brj

BaKpvav

efiirpoadev

1.

'O

Kvpa

fiev Br/

iviavTOV Xeyerai iv TO

fiev

TrpcoTop

* oyrtu? d-rreXOmv iv

rol<;

at

Traialv en, yeveadai.

iadiovTa avrov Kal

i-mBiBovra rjaOdvovro

eoopfov axrirep

eo

ttot

fwXXov rj

iv

Kal

eaKwrnov avrov w?

7raiBe<;

rjBvTradelv iv M.'^Bot'i fi€fiaOr]Ka)<; rjKOf

TTivovTa,

Uepaaf;

Kal avrol

eoprfi

avrov

rov

irpocrBeofxevov,

s'al

irrel Be

Kal

rjBeo)^

Kal

evtoyla

yevono,

eavrov

fi€pov<;

tt/do?

rovroi^ Be

rdXXa Kpanarevovra avrov koyrxav eavrwv, ivrav6a Br) irdXiv VTreTrrtjacov avr& ol r]XiK€
8k

BieXdcbv

rrjv

rraiBelav

ravrrjv

elarjXOev et? roiif i^ij^ov^, iv rovroi<;

74

a^

rjBr}

iBoKet,

m

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

iv.

28-v.

Cyrus saw him he said " Why, Did you forget something that you

And when

lather.

how now

?

i

:

"

intended to say ? " No, by Zeus," said he, " but I have come back after a time of separation." "By Zeus, cousin," said Cyrus, "a. pretty short time."

"Short, is it?" said the Mede ; "don't you know, Cyrus," said he, " that even the time it takes me to wink seems an eternity to me, because during that " time I do not see you, who are so handsome ?

Then Cyrus laughed through his tears and bade him go and be of good cheer, for in a little while he would come back to them, so that he might soon look at him without winking, if he chose.

—

Now when

Cyrus had returned, as before Cynia have spent one more year in ^u<»tion'* the class of boys in Persia. And at first the bovs Jn Per«a were inclined to make fun of him, saying that he had come back after having learned to live a life of luxurious ease among the Medes. But when they saw him eating and drinking with no less relish than they themselves, and, if there ever was feasting at any celebration, freely giving away a part of his own share rather than asking for more and when, in addition to this, they saw him surpassing them in other things as well, then again his comrades began to have proper respect for him. And when he had passed through this discipline and had now entered the class of the youths, among these 1.

narrated, he

is

said to

;

75

XENOPHON Kpariareveiv koI fieXercov & XPV^ ^ '^^'' fcaprepoiv Kol al8ovfA,evo<; tov<; irpea^vrepov^ kcu Treido/xevo'; Tol<; ap')(0vcn.

T(U9 '

>

rov ^povov 6

tipo'i6vTO
2.

M.i]8oL<; a'rrodvrjaKei,

AcTTvdyov;

7rat9,

6

fiev 'Aarrvdryi^^ iv

Ze K.va^dp7)<; 6 tov

t^9 Se Kvpou

firjrpo^

dSeX^O'i,

^acriXeiav ea^^ rrjv MrjScov. 'O Se Tcov ^Aaavpicov ^aaikev^i Karea-rpafi/jcivos

Tr)V

IjlIv

irdvra'i 2u/J0fvXov irdfiiroXv, virrjKoov he

tov ^ Apa^iwv ^aaiXea, virrjKOOV'i he Kal 'TpKavcov<;, "TroXtopKcov Se xal Ba/crpiov;, evofjui^ev, el tov<; M.^8ou^ dadevel^ 7roti](r€ie, Trdi'Tcov ye twv Trepi^ paSico<; dp^eiv lcr')(ypoTaTOv

ireTTOirifj,evo
e)(Mv

yap

57897

Tcop eYyt"? (ftvXcov rovro eSoKct elvai.

3.

ovro}

re tov<; vtt avrov nravra^ Koi irpo^ Kpocaov tov AvBwv ^aaiXea koL irpo
SiaTrefiTrei Trpo?

eTTOLovvTO, oi he Kal h(opoL<; Kal -x^prjixacnv dvaireidofieuof 'TToXXd yap Kal ToiauTa rjv avrcp. 4. Kva^dpr]<; he [0 tov 'AaTvdyovi iraU] ^ iirel ijaddveTO tyjv t eiri^ovXrjv Kal ttjv 7rapaaK€vr)v

Xpv>'Zeune, Edd.; xph MSS. 6... leaTs MSS., Dindorf ; bracketed by Hug, Gemoll, Marchant, Breitenbach, et ul. •

2

76

\

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

v.

1-4

he had the reputation of being the best both attending to duty and in endurance, in respect toward his elders and in obedience to the officers. 2. In the course of time Astyages died in Media, and Cyaxares, the son of Astyages and brother of Cyrus's mother, succeeded to the Median throne. ^ At that time the king ot Assyria had subjugated Assyria's all Syria, a very large nation, and had made the king worid<^"^"«'' of Arabia his vassal ; he already had Hyrcania under in turn in

dominion and was closely besetting Bactria. So he thought that if he should break the power of the Medes, he should easily obtain dominion over all the nations round about for he considered the Medes the strongest of the neighbouring tribes. 3. Accordingly, he sent around to all those under his sway and to Croesus, the king of Lydia, to the king of Cappadocia; to both Phrygias, to Paphlagonia, India, Caria, and Cilicia and to a certain extent also he misrepresented the Medes and Persians, for he said that they were great, powerful nations, that they had intermarried with each other, and were united in common interests, and that unless some one attacked them first and broke their power, they would be likely to make war upon each one of the nations singly and Some, then, entered into an subjugate them. alliance with him because they actually believed what he said others, because they were bribed with gifts and money, for he had great wealth. 4. Now when Cyaxares heard of the plot and of The Medes the warlike preparations of the nations allied against rersiaa*

his

;

;

;

77

XENOPHON Twv

avvi(TTa/iievo)v

eavrov, avro^i re evOecoi}

e(f>

oaa

iSvparo avr Lirapea Kevd^ero Koi et? T[epaa
pdadaL ap^ovra eXOelv

Kvpo^

/cat 6

iv

errj 5.

StarereA-e/cftx?

TOi
Ovra

8r)

roiv

dvSpcou,

rd iv Tot9

dvSpda-tv

Tiva
et

to Hepacov kolvov.

Tre/iTTOi cnpaTL(iiiTa
r]8r)

€(f>'t]^ot
yap ScKa

xjv.

Be^ap-ivov rov K.vpov oi /3ov\€Vovr€<;

yepatrepoi alpovvrai avrov dp)(^ovra

rrj
et9 M.'^Sov^

avrw KaX rrpoaeXeaOat Siaxocriov
op-orip-wv

av

"X^cXlcov

yiyvovrai

Uepaayv Sexa

rS)V

p,€v Sr)

ovrot

rovrcov €Kdcrrq> era^av

•^lXloie'/c

rov

rcbv 5' 8r]p,ov

p,ev TreXracrrdfi 'npoaeXecrdai,

BeKa he a(f)€v8ov7]ra<;, SeKa 8e ro^6ra K.vpa) v'TTrjpxov. iBoOr).

'ETrel Be yP^^'H To/^^iara, rip^ero rrpoiTov diro KaXXieprjadpevo
6.

rcov Oecov

rov^ BiaKOCTLOVi' eireX Be irpocreiXovro Kal ovrot Brj rov'i rerrapa
7.

(f)iXoL,

ov vvv rrpSiTov ^

78

vpo
eycb irpocrecXoP'rjv^ p,€v vp.a<;,

BoKcp,dcra
yR, Hug

;

dXX

eK ttulBcov opcov

rpou\6iir\v xz, other

Edd.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

v.

4-7

him, without delay he made what counter prepara- make he could himself and also sent to Persia both ^^^. to the general assembly and to his brother-in-law, tion» Cambyses, who was king of Persia. And he sent word to C>TUS, too, asking him to try to come as commander of the men, in case the Persian state should send any troops. For Cyrus had by this time completed his ten years among the youths also and was now in the class of mature men. 5. So Cyrus accepted the invitation, and the elders in council chose him commander of the expedition to Media. And they further permitted him to choose two hundred peers ^ to accompany him, and to each one of the two hundred peers in turn they gave authority to choose four more, these also from the peers. That made a thousand. And each one of the thousand in their turn they bade choose in addition from the common people of the Persians ten targeteers, ten slingers, and ten bowmen. That made ten thousand bowmen, ten thousand targeteers, and ten thousand slingers not counting the original thousand. So large was the army given to Cyrus. 6. Now as soon as he was chosen, his first act was to consult the gods and not till he had sacrificed and the omens were propitious, did he proceed to choose his two hundred men. And when these also had chosen each his four, he called them all together and then addressed them for the first time as follows 7. " My friends, I have chosen you not because I Cyrus now see your worth for the first time, but because hu^troo^* tions

;

:

^ The "peers," or "equals-in-honour," were so called because they enjoyed equality of rights in matters of education, politics, and omces of honour and distinction. See Index, e.v.

79

XENOPHON vfia^

&

fiev

KoXa

eKirovovvra'i,

77

a Be

7roXt9 vofii^et,

7rpo6vfji,a>(;

ravra

TravreXco^ rov eveKa ai/rof re ovk ukcov

ala')(^pa 'qyelrai,

Tcov aTre)(piJLivovv

S"

ToBe TO TeXo9 KareaTrjv Kal vfid
SteriXecrav airep fievTOi

epya

aperrj'i

o

I'Ofu^erai'

irpoaeKTrjaavTO toiovtoc ovre^

rj

rtp

rt

r&i

Ylepa&v Koiv(p ayadov rj avTolC o'C re rSiv TrapavrcKa r^BovSiv aneyppjevoi ovy^ iva /j,^]Be7roTe €V(f)pav06icn, TOVTO irpaTTOvaiv, aXhJ eo? Blcl ravrr]v TTjv iyKpdretav iroWaTrXda-ia eh rbv eireira )(p6vov eu^pavovfievot ovto) irapaaKevd^ovraL'

o'l

re Xiyetv TrpoOvpovpbevoi, Beivol jeviadai ovx '^va ev \eyovre
o'l

re av^ rd 7roX6p,iKd daKovvre^

ovj^^

w
p,a'^6fi€vot p.r)Bi7rore irav(Ta)vrai,rovT eKirovovcnv,

dXXd

vofML^ovT€<;

Kal ovrot rd iroXep.iKd dyadol

yevofievot iroXvv fxev oX^ov, iroXXrjv Be evBai/xovlav, p,eydXa^ Be rifid<} Kal eavrolf Kal iroXei Trepidyfreiv.

10. Et Be Tiv€
m

80

xyzR.

CYROPAEDIA,

v.

I.

7-10

I have obsei"ved that from your boyhood on you have been zealously following out all that the state considers right and abstaining altogether from all that As for myself, I wish to make it regards as wrong. known to you why I have not hesitated to assume this office and why I have invited you to join me. 8. " I have come to realize tiiat our forefathers were no whit worse than we. At any rate, they practising what are in also spent their time However, what considered the works of virtue. they gained by being what they were, either for

the commonwealth of the Persians or for themselves, 9. And yet I think I can by no means discover. that no virtue is practised by men except with the aim that the good, by being such, may have something more than the bad and I believe that those who abstain from present pleasures do this not that they may never enjoy themselves, but by this self-restraint they prepare themselves to have many times greater enjoyment in time to come. And those who are eager to become able speakers study oratory, not that they may never cease from speaking eloquently, but in the hoi)e that by their eloquence they may persuade men and accomplish great good. And those also who practise military science undergo this labour, not that they may never cease from fighting, but because they think that by gaining proficiency in the arts of war they will secure great wealth and happiness and honour both for themselves and for their country. ;

"But when men go through all this toil then allow themselves to become old and feeble before they reap any fruit of their labours, they 10.

id

81

The foUy eftrrt*""'

XENOPHON ireTTOvOivai olov

et

aireipaiv koI

ravra

oTTore KapirovaOat

aavyicoiJiLarov et9 rr)v jrjv

76

€4 Ti'9

ttoXKu

acrKr]Trj
irpodv-

yea)py6
ti<;

fMrjOeh lyeveaOaL /cal eS

eS
top Kapirov

imrj

heoi,

waXiv Karappetv.

koI

koi d^LovcKo^;

irovrjaa'i

av ovro^

'yevofievo'^ duaydovtcTTOf; Biare'K.iaeiev, ouS'

11.

BoK€L SiKaico'i dvairio'i elvat d^po(Tvvq
fxoi

a\V

rifiet<;,

&

civZpe^,

fir)

€7r€i7rep crvvKTfJbev r][uv avTol
icofxev €7rl

yap

irco

diro iraihuiv dp^d-

twv Kokoiv KdyaOSav epjmv,

fxevoi dcrKrjral oi/t€9

tou? TroXefiiovq, 0&9 iyo)

fiai ZStft)Ta9

ovra^

ovroi

aXV

ravra,

'irdOcofiev

iKavoL

elcnv

imara-

o"a<^a>9

dycovi^eaOai.

609 rrpo'i r)fid
dyoaviaTai,

ov

ol

av

TO^evayai Kal aKovri^wcn xal iTrirevcoaiv eTnarr}fiovcof;, tjv

Be ttov irovrjaai

Berj,

tovtw

dX)C ovroi IBicorai elcn Kara, tov^ ye

olruve^i

dypvTrvrjaai Biov rjrr&vrai tovtov,

Kal ovTOL IBiMTai Kara rbv thrvov

raura

fiev iKavoi, dvaiBevTOi, Be

pLd'^oi
BijXov

XeiircovTat,

Kal 7ro\6/itot9 %p^
Tcbv

fieyicTTcov

ft)9

ovBe

7r6vov<;'

dWd

ovBe ye ol

'^prj

dWd

Kal

crvfi-

Kal ovroi

7raiBevp,dTQ)v

direipa)
e^^ovaiv. 12. 'T/Aet? Be

'^fiipa

Bvvatcrd^

rjBeox;

'qye/x6va<;

vvktI

av

^

fiev Brjirov ocrairep ol

-x^prjcrdai, •7r6vov
vofii^ere,

Xi/jlw

Be oaairep

*

83

^rjv oyjro)

vBpoTToaLav Be paov twv XeovTwv KaWicTTOv Be nrdvTwv Kal TroXefiiKcoraTov

Biwxpr^aOe, ip€T€,

dWot

B^ rov

Svyataff

tiy

xzR, Edd.

;

SiyaaOe

my

{you can).

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

v.

10-12

seem to me at least to be like a man who, anxious to become a good farmer, should sow and plant well but, when harvest-time came, should permit his crop to fall back again to the ground ungathered. And again, if an athlete after long training and after getting himself in condition to win a victory should then persist in refusing to compete, not even he, I ween, would rightly be considered guiltless of folly. 11. But, fellow-soldiers, let us not make this mistake but, conscious that from our boyhood on we have practised what is good and honourable, let us go against the enemy, who, I am sure, are too untrained to contend against us. For those men are not yet valiant warriors, who, however skilful in the use of bow or spear and in horsemanship, are still found wanting if it is ever necessary to suffer hardship ; such persons are mere tiros when it comes to hardships. Nor are those men valiant warriors, who are found wanting when it is necessary to keep awake ; but these also are mere tiros in the face of sleep. Nor yet are those men valiant warriors, who have "^ these qualifications but have not been taught how they ought to treat comrades and how to treat enemies, but it is evident that they also are unacquainted with the most important branches of education. 12. "Now you, I take it, could make use of The the night just as others do of the day ; and you ISvInSges consider toil the guide to a happy life ; hunger «? Persiau o ^''y ^s ^ sauce, and you endure drinking plain water more readily than lions do, while you have stored up in your souls that best ;

83

XENOPHON Ta9 -^f^a? crvyKeKofiKrOe' eTraivovfievoi

KTrj/xa €49

yhp fiaXKov

r)

dWoi^

roi
eiraivov ipaa-Ta<; dvayKt}

rovov, iravra 06 klvBvvov 13. Et Se

ravra

8ia tovto iravra fiev viroSveaOai.^

r)8eQ)
ijo) Xiyo) irepl vfiSiv

yvcoaKcov, ifiavTov i^airarw.

uTTo^i^aeTaL trap' vfiwp, ei?

dWa

tov<; S*

ciiraai 'xatpere. ^

yhp

6 ri

dWrj

firj

to iWeiTTOv

ifie

TTiareveo roi rrj Tretpa Kal rfj v[x5iv

evvoia Kol

rfj

t&p

iroXefucov dvoia

ifie

yjrevaeiv fie

6p-

67ret3^ koI iKirohcov rjpuv yeyevT^rai. to

So^ai t5>v aKKoTpicav a8lKw
ep^ovTai

rj^ei.

el
dWd dappovvre^

TavTa<; Td
firj

yi-

toiovtov

vvv yap

fi€v 01 TroXifxcoc dp'^ovTe'; d8[,K(ov ')(€ipS>v,

KoXovai 8e rjfid^ eTriKovpov; ol Tov dXi^aadai BiKuioTepov

rj

koWlov; 'AXXa pi,r]v KUKelvo

tL otv ecTTiv tov Tot9 tXoc^

^'Ckoi' rj

dprjyeiv 14. fit)

TraprjfieXrjKOTa fie tcov

olfiai vfid<; dappelv, to

dedv

ttjv

e^o8ov

irotel-

adar ttoWo, yap /jlol avv6vTe
TTapacTKevacrd/xevoc tre dd)V

7rpo
iroXepLLoov *

ayiyKt) KtaaOeu

AEGEP add

xyR to.

vp,€i<;

fiev

dva\a^6vTe<; Kal ToXKa Mi]8ov
5'

iiraveX-

irpoei/ML 8t], OTrcy? to, tS)v

Ta'^^icrTa jiadcov old

After avdyKTi

' inroZitaQai

84

el<;

TOV iraTepa ct)9

aW

it oei €tc \eyeiv;

TOi'9 dv8pa
Kracrdai

vvoSvevdat z iik rovro atria, .

to

and

;

.

.

eaTi irapaaKevdatria. e

(above the line)

iiiroSiifad*

Dindorf

;

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

v.

12-14

all possessions and the one most suitable to war mean, you enjoy praise more than anything else and lovers of praise must for this reason gladly undergo ever}- sort of hardship and every sort of

of I

^

danger. 13.

"Now

if

I

say this concerning you while

I

believe the contrary to be true, I deceive myself For if any of these qualities shall fail utterly. to be forthcoming in you, the loss will fall on me. But I feel confident, you see, both from my own experience and from your good-will toward me and from the ignorance of the enemy that So these sanguine hojjes will not deceive me. let us set out with good heart, since we are free from the suspicion of even seeming to aim unjustly For, as it is, the enemy at other men's possessions. are coming, aggressors in wrong, and our friends What, then, is are calling us to their assistance. "^^ more justifiable than to defend oneself, or what more noble than to assist one's friends ? 14. "This, moreover, will, I think, strengthen

your confidence

:

I

have not neglected the gods

we embark

ujK)n this expedition. For you have been with me enough to know that not only in great things but also in small I always try to begin with the approval of the gods. " What more need I add } " he said in closing. " Choose you your men and get them together, and

as

when you have made the necessary preparations come on to Media. As for myself, I will first return to my father and then go on ahead of you, to learn as soon as possible what the plans of the enemy are and to make what preparations I may require, in

85

XENOPHON ^(Ofiai o ri

av hewfiai,

KoXXiarra avp

otto)^ &)9

Serp

aymvi^oo/jteda.

01

fi6i> 8r]

ravTa eirparTOP.

VI 1.

KCyoo? Se

eX,0oi)u

oiKaSe koX

7rpocrev^dfjbevo
'Eo"Tta irarpma koI Atl irarpaxp koX toZ^ dXkoi^ QipfiuTo eVt rrjv arpareiav, (rvfiTrpovirepi'ire

6eol
oe avTov xal o irarrip.

efw

Oe

67ret

olklw;

tt]^

avr& aXXo ovhiva av \vaavra ^

iyevovro, Xiyovrai darpaTral koI ^povraX

tovtcov 8e (pavivrcov ovSev

ataioi yevia-dai.

en olcovt^ofievoi evopevovTO^ 009 ra Tov

fieylcTTov Oeov arjfieia.

K.vpq) 6 Trarrjp *fl TTOi,

on

TrefiTTovcri ere

pbev ol 6eo\

koI ev

iTrtTrjSei;

ipfiTjvio)!' Td
2.

irpolovrt, Se

r(p

\6yov roiovSe'

lepot^i

ytyi'(oaK€i
(Tr]p,€ioi<;-

ravra

rjp')(^eTO

re KoX

'Ckea>

evfievei
BrjXov koI ev ovpavioL
Kot

avT6
iSiSa^dfirjv, ottg)?

iyo) firf

yap ae

81 aXXcov

TMV deSiV arvfi^ov\[a<; avvcetrjii,^ aXX ra opard kuI d/coixov ra aKOvcrrd

avTo<; Kol opcbv

p,r) eVt fidvTeaiv et'779, el ^ovKolvto ae e^airardv erepa \eyovTe
yiyvdxricoi^ Koi

*

ohliva

tiv

xiffavra

GR, Marchant, Breitenbach

Xx\H (710 one would fail to see) AT2ANTA) ovSeva \7i
\-f](raina

D

(for

GemoU

;

;

86

; oh^iva i.v\ o6i\v 6.\Xo aijaavra ovSfva ayvorjaavTa ; \

(no one would fail to understand).

' vvvLe'i-ns

j

;

Pantazides,

MSS., Dindorf,

GemoU, et al.

Marchant, Breitenbach

;

CYROPAEDIA, order that with God's help

I.

v.

14-vi.

2

we may make

as

good a

tight as possible."

They, for their part, proceeded to do as he had said.

VI 1. Now^ when Cyrus had gone home and prayed to The ancestral Hestia, ancestral Zeus, and the rest of the ^d?v^r°' gods, he set out upon his expedition ; and his father omen* also joined in escorting him on his way. And when they were out of the house, it is said to have thundered and lightened with happy auspices for him ; and when this manifestation had been made, they proceeded, without taking any further auspices, in the conviction that no one would make void the signs of the supreme god. 2. Then, as they went on, his father began to speak to Cjtus on this wise : " son, it is evident both from the sacrifices and from the signs from the skies that the gods are sending you forth with their grace and favour and you yourself must recognize it, for I had you taught this art on purpose that you might not have to learn the counsels of the gods through others as interpreters, but that you yourself, both seeing what is to be seen and hearing what is to be heard, might understand for I would not have you at the mercy of the soothsayers, in case they should wish to deceive you by saying other things than those revealed by the gods; and furthermore, if ever you should be without a soothsayer, I would not have you in doubt as to what to make of the divine

My

;

;

y

S7

XENOPHON yevoio, UTTopolo Oeloif; yiyvcocTKcov 8ta

/jLavTiKrjs

Trj<;

aXXa

6 ri %ppo,

ra irapa

rSiv OeSiV

crvfi^ov\€v6/Jb€va, tovtok; Tretdoio. 3.

Kal

iKeo) 01

w

Btj,

iJ-ev

6eol 6vT€
6
Kara tov abv Xoyov

fiefivqjxai

/j,€X6/jL€vo^.

(TOV OTL elfcoTCD^i cLV etr)

etprj 6 KOpo?, a>9 av av/x^ovXeveiv edeKcocnv,

irdrep, t)filv

yap,

€(f>T),

SiareXoi)

a/covaaf

imirore

Kol TTapo, 6eS)v 7rpaKTiKa)Tepo
oicnrep Kal Trap* avdpdoirwv

6(tti<;

yu.?)

oTrore ev

rore KoXaKevoi, aXk ore ra apiara irpajToc, Tore fidXicrra rcov Oewv fiefivfJTO' Kal aTTopoc^;

Twv

etr],

8'

-^prjvai

€(f)'r]cr6a

oi)aavT(o<;

out(0<;

iiTLfieXeaOai. 4.

T^9

OvKovv

B€r)(r6/jLevo
her),

vvv,

S)

e(f)r],

iral,

hid

y

eKeiva^

€7n/Ji€Xeia
on

\'qa-a<;

eXTrb^€i<;

avveihevai

mv dv

he fidXXov rev^ecrOac

aavrw

hoKel
dfie-

avrwv;

Udvv

fiev ovv,

€(f)r),

S>

Trdrep, to? tt/oo?

Tou? deov^ ovrw hidKei[iat. 5. Tt ydp, e
r&v 6.

6eS)v;

Nai *

[h.v]

' irtpi

88

lid

At", e^r]

6

Kvpo<;, fiefiinj/iai fUv-

Stephanus, Edd.; ttv iidynv Madvig, Hug ; not in MSS.

Sidyeiv

MSS.

m

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

2-6

revelations, but by your soothsayer's art I would have you understand the counsels of the gods and obey them." 3. " Aye, father," said Cyrus, "as you have taught me, I always try to take care, as far as I can, that the gods may be gracious unto us and willingly give us coimsel for I remember," said he, "having once heard you say that that man would be more likely to have power with the gods, even as with men, who did not fawn upon them when he was in adversity, but remembered the gods most of all when he was in the highest prosperity. And for one's friends also, you said, one ought always to show one's regard in precisely the same w^ay." ;

The secret fn

pnjir

4. " Well, my son," said he, " and owing to that very regard do you not come to the gods with a better heart to pray, and do you not expect more confidently to obtain what you pray for, because you feel conscious " of never having neglected them ? "Yes, indeed, father," said he; "I feel toward the gods as if they were my friends." 5. "To be sure," said his father; "and do you God helps remember the conclusion which once we reached ^^^ "^^^ that as people who know what the gods have granted themseires fare better than those who do not ; as people who work accomplish more than those who are idle as people who are careful live more securely than those who are indifferent so in this matter it seemed to us that those only who had made themselves what they ought to be had a right to ask for correspond" ing blessings from the gods ? 6. "Yes, by Zeus," said Cyrus; "I do indeed

—

;

;

89

XENOPHON TOt TOiavra

yap avdjKi] fie ere Xeyovra ae) alrelaOac irapa r&v OeSiV ovre ctov

aKovcra
TreiOeaOat rat \6yw' kcu

ovSe

609

Oe/jbi
linreveiv

KaX

yap olSd

fiadovraf; i7r7ro/jiaxovvTa
firj

eTrKTrafxevovi ro^eveiv ro^evovra^ Kparelv rtov

fiT)

ovre

i-m
ye

aTTeipovrd'i

ouBe

(fivecrdai,

kuXov

ev')(^eadaL

fir)

a-(orr)pCav alrelcrdac'

ovSe

Kv^epv(ovra<;,

vav
(tItov

Kv^epvav

€7naTa/M6vov<;

firj

eux^crdai

ye iv

irapa yap rov<;

/jLtj

avroi<; TroXi/io)

tcov decov

Trdvra rd roiavra etvar rov<; 8e dOe/iira

Oea-fiov'i

el/c6<; elvat irapa deSiv dTVxeiv &airep xal irapa dv0pco7rcov dirpaiCTeiv

evxofievov<; 6fiotQ)<; e^rjcrda

Tov<s 7.

Kal

irapdvofia

Beofiei'Ov
d irore

'E/cetVwi' Si, Q> irai, iireXdOov

ai)

ikoyi^ofieda

co? licavov etrj

epyov, el t4? Svvatro eircfieXrjdrjvai

T6 Ka\o
Boki/j,co<;

iyo)

kuI KaXov dvBpl 6ir(o
dv avr6
yevoiro Kal rdirirriBeia

avro^ re KaX ol oiKerai iKav(o<; e'XpLev; to Be, Tovrov /xeydXov epyov ouTO
rdirtrrjBeia

7rdvre
o'lovi

i^acvero 8.

Nat

irpoararevetv

dXXcav

irdvTa

Bet,

eKirXeco

KaX

o7rco
tovto davfiacTTOv

e^ovai ecrovrai

oirco<;

Bt^itov rjfilv

elvat..

fid

AC,

e(f>r).

Si

irdrep,

/lefiVTjfiai

Kal TOVTO aov XeyovTo' Kal vvv y, e^rj, raurd fiot, BokcI Tavra, brav tt/do?

avTO TO dp^eiv ckottcjv go

Xoyi^ayfiai,,

orav

fievToi

CYROPAEDIA,

vi.

I.

6-8

remember hearing you say so, and all the more because I could not help but agree with what you said. For I know that you always used to say that those who had not learned to ride had no right to ask the gods to give

them victory in a cavalry battle and those who did not know how to shoot had no right to ask to excel ;

marksmanship those who did know how and those who did not know how to steer had no right to pray that they might save ships by taking the helm ; neither had those who did not sow at all any riglit to pray for a fine crop, nor those who were not watchful in war to ask for preservation for all that is contrary to the ordinances of the gods. You said, moreover, that it was quite as likely that those who prayed for what was not right should fail of success with the gods as that those who asked for what was contrary to human law should be disappointed at the hands of men." 7. " But, my son, have you forgotten the discussion The ruler's you and I once had that it was a great task and ^^^ one worthy of a man, to do the best he could not only to prove himself a truly good and noble man but also to provide a good living both for himself and his household And while this was a great task, still, to understand how to govern other people so that they might have all the necessaries of life in abundance and might all become what they ought to be, this seemed to us worthy of all admiration." 8. "Yes, by Zeus, father," said he, "I do remember your saying this also and I agreed with you, too, that it was an exceedingly difficult task to govern well; and now," said he, "I hold this same opinion still, when I consider the matter and think of the principles of governing. When I look at other people, in

;

;

—

.''

;

91

XENOPHON 76

dWov<; avOpcoTTOv^

77/309

yoDVKTTal

r)filv

eaovrai, irdvv

6vTe<;

avra-

SoKel alaxpov

fioi

TO roiovrov^ avrov'i oi/ra? vTroirTTj^ai kuc

elvat /nt)

lBa)v Karavorjato oloi

Biayiyvovrac apyovre'i koI olot

6vT€<;

iOeXeiv levai

avTOi<;

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dp^dn€vo<;

ala-ddvo/jiai

iyo)

€(1)7),

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rcov

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TMv dp')(opAvwv

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Kal

Ta>

Bia(f)€p€iv

ttoXv-

TeXearepov Benrvetv koX TrXeov 6y(6iv evhov '^(pva-iov Kal irXeiova )(p6vov KadevBeiv xal iravra dnrovdieyo) Se olfiat, repov rSiv dpyofikvonv Bidyeiv. rov dp-)(Ovra ov ra paBiovpyelv 'xprjvai €(f)r], Bia(j)ipeiv

rwv

dp')(opLevaiv,

aXKa

t5>

irpovoelv

Koi (fnXoTTovelv.^ 9.

7r/309

^AXXd

rot,

w

€
irai,

dvOpco7rov9 dymvca-reov,

Trpdy/xara,

mv ov pddiov

avTLKa B^TTov olaOa

on

€V7ropco<; el firj e^ei

(TTparid, KaraXeXvcrerai'^ crov

OvKovv ravra irape^etv

(firja-l

dv

evid

dXXd

rj

iaTcv d

7r/jo9

ov

avrd tu

rrepiyevecrOai.

raTTiTijBeia

rj

dp'^ij.

& irdrep, Kva^aprj^; €(f)Tj, evrevOev lovai irdaiv oiroffoi

fiev,

TOt
axTi.

ToyTot9 Br) av, €cf)r), m ttoI, roi<; irapd Kva^dpov '^prjp.aaiv;

Tnarevwv ep^et

"£70)7', e^T) 6 l^upo^.

Tt

Be,

Ma

ecjit),

dlada

rov At',

^ tpiKoirovdv y,

ecfyr)

oirocra

92

eari;

Hug, GenioU, Marchant, Breitenbach

•Kovetv •Kjo9vfj.ovfj.ivov xzRy'^, ^

uvtm

6 KO/J09, ov fiev B^.

Uindorf.

KaraKeXixTfrai Cobet, Edd.

;

Kara\v<xerai

MSS.

;

CYROPAEDJA,

I.

vi.

8-9

however, and observe what sort of men those are who, in spite of their character, continue to rule over them, and what sort of opponents we are going to have, it seems to me an utter disgrace to show any respect for such as they are and not to wish to go to fight them. To begin with our own friends here," he continued, " I observe that the Medes consider it necessary for the one who governs them to surpass the governed in greater sumptuousness of fare, iii the possession of more money in his palace, in longer hours of sleep, and in a more luxurious manner of life, in every respect, than the governed. But I think," he added, " that the ruler ought to surpass those under his rule not in self-indulgence, but in taking forethought and willingly undergoing toil." 9. " But let me tell you, my boy," said the other, there are some instances in which we must wrestle not against men but against actual facts, and it is not so easy to get the better of these without trouble. For Supplies instance, you doubtless know that if your army does t^guc^ not receive its rations, your authority will soon come to naught." " Yes, father," said he ; " but Cyaxares says that he will furnish supplies for all who come from here, however many they be." "But, my son," said he, "do you mean to say that you are marching out trusting to the funds at the command of Cyaxares " " Yes, I do," said Cyrus. ••'

.''

'*

But say," said

much he has

"

you know how

his father, **do

?

" No, by Zeus/' said Cyrus, " about it."

I

know nothing

93

XENOPHON on

Be TOUTot? TriaT€v€L<; rot<{ a8r]\oc
"Ofio)
be

iroW&v

aol

fiev

Beijaei,

iroWa

aXXa vvv

Be koI

ava<^Ki) Bairavav eKelvov, ov
Hv

ovv,

eKoiv "^evarjTai,

on

ArjXov

a

aoc

irSi'i

ov

nva eto'i en

yevop-evov,

10. 'Epeora?,

Trdrep,

ev (f)ikLa iafiev, Xiye. True,

o)

ecprj,

yeveadai

rj

jxaWov

Be

dirb rov Bvvafiiv

evdevBe

aov

dv diro

rrrov

rivo
e-^tov

et«09

e')(pvT0fi;

ep^et dvB*

"TToWaTrXaaiav dWrjv ovk dv Bi^aio,

els' ore

Be

Ittttlkov

Si

€(f)t],

iropov koI aTr' e/ioO dv irpoa-

(TV Be ire^rjV fiev Bvvap.iv ri
koL

rj

t^9 aTpaTid<;;

drdp,

/caXco?.

Bairdmi

rj

e^ei to,

TTopo^ irpoayevono; diro iffTi TTopov

avrou

eiTthxTrr)

el €vopd
if

KOpo?.

6

e(f)7)

ecpT],

oirep

(Toi,

KpdntTTov,

to

yirjBcov

irolov ovv edvo<; ro>v rrrepi^ ov

(xvpup.ayov earai.

BoKel aoL KoX 'xapi^eadai ^ov\op,evov vpuv virrjpeTTjaeLV KOLvfi

n

KoX (po^ovp^vov

avv K^va^dpt]

vp,df}

Mv

Bel virapx^Lv,

irpoaoBov

p,rj'^avd(T6ai

p,d\icnd

piOL

aXX'

dvajKaarj' TTpb

Trj
* iKeivov,

ahriv, ov y.,

94

p,ep.vr)cro

TdircT'^Beia

TTopii^ecrdai

TrdOr);

roBe

p.rjBeirore

ear

p,r}')(av5>.

yiyvwffKeis

yU, Gemoll

d

'x^p'q

ae

eOov^ Be eveKa

kclI

iropov.

;

H\

Be

ttuvtcov

dvapt,eveiv

dv

orav pbaXiara

dtropia'i oil

Ti

p/Tj

(r/correlaOai p.-qiroTe eTriXiirr)

r)

%/3eta

evrrop^';,

koX

yap

to ere

rore rev^ec

Hug, Marchant, Breitenbach

^kupo ov

y.

xAGR,

Dindorf.

;

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

9-10

"And

do you nevertheless trust to these uncerAnd do you not know that you will need many things and that he must now have many other " expenses ? "Yes/' said Cyrus, "I do." "Well, then," said he, "if his resources fail or if he play you false on purpose, how will your army tainties

fare

"

?

"

?

"Evidently not very well; but father," said he, you have in mind any means that I might find at

if

my own command about

it,

while

we

for obtaining supplies, tell

are

still

in

me

a friendly country."

where 10. " Do you ask me, my son," said he, Where might you might yourself find means? you better look to find the means of obtaining Now supplies than to the one who has an army? you are marching out from here with a force of infantry which you would not exchange, I am sure, and you for any other though many time as large will have for cavalry to support you the Median '•

;

What horse, the best cavalry troops in the world. nation, then, of those around do you suppose will refuse to serve you, both from the wish to do your And side a favour, and for fear of suffering harm ? therefore in common with Cyaxares you should take care that you may never be without any of the things you need to have, and as a matter of habit, And above too, contrive some means of revenue. all I beg you to remember this : never postpone procuring supplies until want compels you to it ; but when you have the greatest abundance, then take measures against want. And this is most expedient for you will obtain more from those upon whom you

95

XENOPHON fjMKKov trap (av av Serj firj airopo'i Bok&v elpai, Kal en dvairio^ eaei irapa toi<{ cravrov errpan CK

(orai^'

TOVTOV 8e p,akXov

Koi

al8ov<; rev^ei, koI 7)v nva
tj

dXKcop

hir

ev Troiijaai

rfj

av e^mac ra Beovra oi orparitoTat vTnjpeTijaovai aoi, Kal TreicrnKco repov
rj

KaKco
TTOtelv iKavb
AW,

11. BoK€l<;

€(f>'>],

ravra

XiyovTai

vvv

avTcov

ifiol

Kal KaKa)
Trdrep, aXXoxj re fioi KaXax;

Xeyeiv

irdvra,

XTjyfreadac

rovTcop %a/)fi/

on &v

Kal

fiev

crrpanMrai, oySet? eXaerar taacn yap e^' oi

avTov^ K-va^dprjii iirdyerai ^ (Tvp,fid^ov
(piXov^

fiev

ev

iroiovvTa

dvTa)(f>eXeia6ai,

ean

he e')(dpov
n

TOVTO elvat alcr^pbv rj ec t49 e^fov fiev dypov
dpyovaav dvwt^eXrirov

rrjv €
p,rjSe7roT€ dfieXrj(rovTO<;

elvai;

(TTpaTKOTai'i (TV/x/Mrj^avdadai fiyjr ev TToXepia ovro)^ e)(e ttjv yvwjxrjv. * iviyirai Cobet, Hug, Marchant, Dindorf, Breitenbach, et al. '^

[exovTo] Madvig,

if

y

e/xov,

ev (piXba [xrjr

GemoU

Hug, GemoU, Marchant

Dindorf, Breitenbach. ^ &s MSS.; "As Edd., as

96

a><; ^

rov rd'mri'iSeia roh

Cambyses spoke

;

;

&yerai MSS.,

fxovra MSS.,

here.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

lo-ii

make demandsj if you do not seem to be in want, and besides you wUl thus be blameless in the eyes of your own soldiers in this way, furthermore, you will command more respect from others also, and if you wish to do good or ill to any one with your forces, your soldiers will serve you better as long as they have what they need. And let me assure you that the words you say will have more more power to convince, when you can abundantly prove that you are in a position to do both good and ill." 11. "Well, father," said he, "it seems to me that you are right in all you say, both on other grounds and also because not one of my soldiers will be grateful to me for that which according to the agreement he is to receive for they know on what terms Cyaxares is having them Ijrought But whatever any one receives in adas his allies. dition to what has been agreed upon, that he \vill consider as a reward, and he will probably be grateful to the giver. But for a man to have an army with which he may do good to his friends and get help in return and try to punish his enemies, and for him then to neglect to make due provision for it, do you think," said he, "that this is in any way less disgraceful than for a man to have fields and labourers to work them and after all to let his land lie idle and unprofitable ? But," he added, "I, at any rate, shall not fail to provide supplies for my men, whether in a friendly or in a hostile land you may be certain of that." ;

;

—

97

XENOPHON Tt

12. TToB^

f^ap, €
T&v aXXcov,

dvajKaiov elvai

Tjfuv

fir}

cop iBoKei

irapafieXelv,

r/

fie/Jbvrjo-ai;

Ev ^ yap, €
jxoi

i7rr]pcoTa
a)S4 7r&)9,

*Apd

€CTra
arpaTqyiKol^ koI olKovofiLa €Trefipt]a-6r] 6 dvrjp rov /XLcrdov (f)epei
0)

heovrai

Xiyav

iv Tot9

rj

oi

iv o'Ikw ocKerai.

rdXrjOrj elirov

€7r€fiv^a0r],

eirripov

on ovK fxe

eVei 8' iyco aoi otlovv irepl tovtov

irakiv et tI

fxoi

vyi€ia
Ka\ tovtcov oiairep koI rrj^ (npaTr^yia'i rov cnparrj'yov i'm/jbiXeadai. 13. co? Be koL ravr' aTrecprjaa, eirripov p,e av iraXiv et Tiva
r)

poofiij'i

eXe^ev,

Serjaov

eo?

Xoyov TTOLijaaLTo SiSdaKwv irepi tov ireidecrOaL Tf? paXLcrra p/riyav^TO. rr/v arpandv, &)9 dv 14. 67rei Be koX tovto Travrdiraacv dpprjrov i^aivero, T^A,09

B'^

ft

6

eiT'qpov

n

ttotc

BiBdaKcov

* ti Jacob, Hug, GemoU ; ol MSS. Dindorf, Marchant, Breitenbach. * ot Pantazides, most Edd. ; ah xz, Dindorf, et al. * Kpiriarai Hertlein, moat Edd. KpaniTToi MSS., Dindorf, ;

et

aL

98

CYROPAEDIA, 12.

"Well then, my

I.

vi.

12-14

boy," said his father, " tell An

me, do you remember the other points which, we " agreed, must not be neglected eh ? "Yes," said he, *'I remember well when I came to you for money to pay to the man who professed and you, while to have taught me to be a general you gave it me, asked a question something like this : ' Of course,' you said, ' the man to whom you are taking the pay has given you instruction in domestic economy as a part of the duties of a general, has he not? At any rate, the soldiers need provisions no whit less than the servants in your house.' And when I told you the truth and said that he had given me no instruction whatever in this subject, you asked me further whether he had said anything to me about health or strength, inasmuch as it would be requisite for the general to take thought for these matters as well as for the conduct of his campaign. 13. And when I said 'no' to this also, you asked me once more whether he had taught me any arts that would be the best helps in the business of war. And when I said no to this as well, you put this further question, whether he had put me through any training so that I might be able to inspire my soldiers with enthusiasm, adding that in every project enthusiasm or faintheartedness made all the difference in the world. And when I shook my head in response to this likewise, you questioned me again whether he had given me any lessons to teach me how best to secure obedience on the part of an army. 14. And when this also appeared not to have

—

;

'^

'

99

incom.

teacher of ™il^uce^

XENOPHON Kaya) Br] evraiida TaKTCKa. Kal (TV 7eX,acra? 8ii]\6i<; fjLOL TraparideU eKaarov tl elr} o(^eXo9 arpaTia TUKTiKOiv avev rwv eirLTqBetoiv, tl 8' avev rov vyiaivetv, rl 8' avev rod eiria'TaaOai 8' ^ tl Ta9 7]vpr]/xeva<; et
SiBdcTKecv.

(fiair) [xe

aTTOKpLvofiat

OTt

TO.

.

aaf

OTi

pLiKpov

Tl

ecr]

/jbepo
raKTLKa, eTrepo/xevov pov et BiBd^at iKav6<; ectj^;, diriovTa

tl p,€

.

.

ra tovtwv av pe ixeXevaa^ rot?

arparriyla';

SiaXeyeaOaL KOL TTudeaOai Trfj etcaara rovrwv yiyverai. 15. €k TOVTOV St) avvTJv TovTOi^ e, ov<; pdXtara (ppovicrrpaTrj'yLKOL'i

tovtcov

Trepl

p.ov<;

i'jKovov

iKavov

eTreiadrjv

Tpo(f)r]<;

dvBpdcri

vopi^opevoi<}

elvai.

elvai

/cat

p,ev

irepX

o

v7rdp')(ov

tl

Kva^dpr]<{ e/ieXXe irape^etv i)pZv, irepl Be vyieLa
laTpov
alpovvTaL

Kal

oi

aTpaTrjyol

TOiv (TTpaTicoTcov evcKCV larpov^ e^dyovaiv, ovtco

Kal iyco

TOVTOV

eirel ev

tm

iirep^'kridriv,

Trdvv iKavov^

ttjv

epavrov dvBpa^. 16. II/J09 Tavra

w

Tekei tovtoi eyevopjrjv, evdv
Brj

6

Te-)(yriv

TraTrjp

e^eiv

eLirev,

per

'AXX,,

wairep ipuTLOiv payevTOiv eiai Tive^ uKearaL^ ovtco Kal 01 laTpoi, oTav Tive<; voa^crcoai, rore lwvtul TOVTOV}' (Tol Be TOVTOV peydXoTTpeTTeaTepa ecrrat iral,

^

A

e(py],

2 aKeixral

lOO

ou?

Xeyei^,

lacuna, from which sometliing like ri

/xtay ?x«"' is lost,

chant

pev

ovtol

;

y,

riirrrral

6' avt-u

tov

irpoBv-

Poppo, GemoU, Marehant.

Photius,

Cobet, Breitenbach, GemoU, Mar-

xsR, Dindorf et ,

al.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

14-16

been discussed at all, you finally asked me what in the world he had been teaching me that he professed to have been teaching me generalship. And thereupon I answered, 'tactics.' And you laughed

and went through it all, explaining point by point, as you asked of what conceivable use tactics could be to an army, without provisions and health, and of what use it could be without the knowledge of the arts invented for warfare and without obedience. And when you had made it clear to me that tactics was only a small part of generalship, I asked you if you could teach me any of those things, and you bade me go and talk with the men who were reputed to be masters of military science and find out how each one of those problems was to be met. 15. Thereupon I joined Practical myself to those who I heard were most proficient ^^'°' military

•i_Li_

*!•in And

in those branches.

1

regard to provisions

—

was persuaded that what Cyaxares was to furnish us was enough if it should be forthcoming; and in regard to health as I had always heard and observed that states that wished to be healthy elected a board of health, and also that generals for I

—

the sake of their soldiers took physicians out with them, so also when I was appointed to this position, I immediately took thought for this and I think," he added, " that you will find that I have with me men eminent in the medical profession." 16. " Yes, my son," said his father in reply to this, "but just as there are menders of torn garments, so also these pliysicians whom you mention heal u« ;

when we

fall

sick.

But your

responsibility

for

lo"

science

XENOPHON f) T^9 v'yieia'i iTrifieXeia' ro yap apxw f^V KUfiveiv TO (TTpdrevfia, tovtov croi ?)ei fiiXeiv. K.al rlva hrj i Trdrep, 68ov la>v TOVTO irpcLTTeiv iKavb^ ecrofiai;

*Hi'

Sijirov

fiev

avrm

nva

')(p6vov

iv

fxiWi]'?

tw

TrpwTOV Set arpaToirehov fiT) dfxeXrjaaL' tovtov Be ovk av d/xdpToi,
vyieivov

vyieipwv fidpTvpe^i TraplaTavTat Td

T(bv

avTOiv

8e re

€KaTipoi<;

(ra
Kal

to,

eireiTU Se ov to, ')(a}pLa p,6vov dpKeaei

')(p(op,aTa.

(TKe^acrdai,

dWa

pvrjaOr^TV

av

aavTOv

jrSi^ Treipa

eTTip^ekecrdai oiraxf vyiaivr]
17.

Kat

ydp' pot,

o

KO/709

p,rjheTroTe

Treipwfjbat

eireiTa

BoKel

rj

elire,

UpwTov pev

vTrepiripi'TrkaaO ar

v?]

Ata

8va(f)opov

to, elaiovTa' ovtw vyieia p,dX\,ov irapapeveiv

Se eKirovM

ydp

Te

Kal

lo-xv^ 'TrpocryeviaOai.

OvTO) Toivvv, €7np,eXeaOai.

'H Kal

e(f>r],

&

e(f)r),

iral,

&

Kal tS>v

irdTep,

dWwv

Bel

eaTai awpa-

CTKelv Tot9 (TTpaTi(OTai<;;

Ov pa

At", e^r] o TraTTjp,

KOI avdyKT).

Bel

ydp

ov piovov ye,

Bi^ttov (TTpaTidv, el

dWd p^eWei

Ta BeovTa, pbrjBeTroTe iravea-dai rj toI<; KaKO, iropavvovaav rj eavTrj dyadd' xdXeTTOV p^ev Kal eva dvdpwrrov dpyov Tpe-

irpd^eiv

7ro\ep,Loi
(f)eaOai,

ttoXv

oXov, TrdvTCov Tpecpeiv.

Kal uTT Ida

eVt x^XeTTcoTepov,
S"

irXelcTTd Te

yap Ta eaOiovra

iXaxi<^Ta)v 6pp,(t)p,eva Kal 049

iv (TTpaTid

av Xd^rj

I

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

16-17

health will be a larger one than that : you must see your army does not get sick at all." " And pray what course shall I take, father," said " he, " that I may be able to accomplish that ? " In the first place, if you are going to stay for some time in the same neighbourhood, you must not neglect to find a sanitary location for your camp and with proper attention you can not fail in this. For people are continually talking about unhealthful and you localities and localities that are healthful may find clear witnesses to either in the physique and complexion of the inhabitants ; and in the second place, it is not enough to have regard to the localities only, but tell me what means you adopt to keep well yourself." 17. "In the first place, by Zeus," said Cyrus, "I try never to eat too much, for that is oppressive ; and in the second place, I work off" by exercise what I have eaten, for by so doing health seems more hkely to endure and strength to accrue." **That, then, my son," said he, '*is the way in which you must take care of the rest also." " Yes, father," said he ; " but will the soldiers find " leisure for taking physical exercise ? "Nay, by Zeus," said his father, "they not only can, but they actually must. For if an army is to do its duty, it is absolutely necessary that it never cease to contrive both evil for the enemy and good WTiat a burden it is to support even one for itself.

to it that

;

;

man

more burdensome

still to support a but the worst burden of all is to support an army in idleness. For not only are the mouths in an army very numerous but the supplies they start with are exceedingly limited,

idle

!

It is

whole household

in idleness

;

103

XENOPHON BayJriXia-Tara

ware

"^pcofieva,

dpyelv

ovTrore

Beijaei crrparidv.

18. Aey€i<;
€(f>r],

irarep,

S)

eo?

efiol

BoKei,

Mcnrep ovSe yecopyov dpyov ovBev 6(f)eXorj, dvaSe'X^ofjLai,

rjv

firi

Ti?

^Xdrrrrj, dfw.

6eo
Ka\

fidXiaTa e')(pvTa
*AX\.d fiivTot,

Twv

to ye fieXerdadai e/caara dycovaf dv Ttf /xoi SoKel, Trpoeiiroiv €Kdaroi<; kol ddXa

e
TToXefjiiKCOV epytov,

Trdrep,

0)

e(f)i],

7rpoTi0€l<;

fidXiar dv iroielv eb dcrKelcrOai, eKaara,

heono

axTre ^ OTrore ^ptjaOai.

J^dWiara

dv

e')(eLv

Xeyei^;,

tovto yap ra? Td^ei
iral'

S)

ecfyrj,

TTOc^crai;, adcj)' ladi, fjxnrep

rd

irapecrKeuaa-fievoi'i

')(ppov<;

irpoa-rjKOVTa fxe\eT(acra
'AWd

¥ivpo<>

/ji'^v,

Ovpiav efi^dXetv iKavcorepov elvai

rj

et<;

e<^ri,

ye to wpo-

ovBev

fxoc

to Svvaadai eXTrtSa?

SoKel

ifXTroieiv

dv9p(iyn-0L
'AW', olovirep

del fjiev

TTJ

e^»7,

et

S)

KXijcrei

yap

rjirep

irpSiTOV

vTraKovovaa
TeXevTMaat

rjv

ovB^

TreWojnai avT(p. ^

104

Oijpa

iv

oTav to

dva/caXoiTO opd. to

Orjptov

irpodvjJM)'; ev olS' oti e'X^ei Be TroXXa/ct? -^evBT^Tai, avrdi;, ottotov dXrjOo)^ opcov KaXfj

ovtw

tKaara, Sot* y, Dindorf,

Sauppe,

tovto ye tolovtov eaTUJ

Trat,

Kvva
Ti
teal

to

GemoU,

et

irepl al.

;

twv eXirvBwv

Sxrr* tKOtrra

xzR,

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

17-19

and they use up most extravagantly whatever they get, so that an army must never be left idle." 18. " Methinks you mean, father/' said he, " that just as a lazy farmer is of no account, so also a lazy general is of no account at all." " But at any rate, as regards the energetic general/' said his father, " I can vouch for it that, unless some god do cross him, he will keep his soldiers abundantly supplied with provisions and at the same time the best physical condition." " but at all events, as to inccntirps practice in the various warlike exercises, it seems to ^f^-^*'"'^ me, father, that by announcing contests in each one and to and offering prizes you would best secure practice in ^^hjigiaajn them, so that you would have everything prepared in

" Yes," said Cjtus

;

whenever you might need it." "Quite right, my son/' said he; "for if you do that you may be sure that you will see your comfor use,

I>anies

performing their proper parts like trained

sets of dancers." 19. " In the next place," said Cyrus, "for putting enthusiasm into the soldiers nothing seems to be more effectual than the power of inspiring men •»-ith

hopes." " Yes, my son," said he ; " but that is just as if any one on a hunt should always call up his dogs with the call that he uses when he sees the quarry. For at first, to be sure, he will find them obeying him eagerly ; but if he deceives them often, in the end they will not obey him when he calls,^ ever* though he really does see a wild beast. So it stands with respect to those nopes also. If any one too

I

OS

XENOPHON e%ef

TToWa/ct? irpocrhoKia^ a
\}f€vSi]Tai

aWa

KLvhvvov<; Bel 609

AWa

pukLara

iv Trta-Tei Biacrco^ecv.

Al,

ecprj 6 KOpo?, w irarept /caXw? pot SoK€i
val

p,a

top

TOVi (TTpUTl.MTa'i, OVK aTTet/Oft)? pLOl 8oK(o aVTOV S> irdrep' av re yap pe evdv<; tovto ck

€')(eiv,

aavrw ireldeadai dvayKa^cov eireiTa toI<; hthaaKoXoi^ irapeBwKa^, koI eKelvoi

TraiSlov iiraiheve^,

av ravTO tovto eirpaTTOv iirel S' iv roi'i e(l)7J/3oi<; rjpev, dp^cov tov uvtov tovtov ia^vp(a
dp'^ecrdai.

Karavooiv

tolvvv

irepl

tovtq)v

iv Trdaiv opdv poi Bok5) to TrporpeTTOv TretdeaOai

p,d\i(TTa ov TO TOV ireidopsvov iTraivelv

Ttpdv, TOV KoXd^eiv.

Kal

21.

&

iral,

Tj

Se

dtreiOovvTa

dXkq

eavTwv

^

ovTcot;

€)(ec iv

fferol Dindorf,

inR.

166

dXX,oi
most Edd.

;

(tv p^epovTO<;

tovtw 8' av

oti

re 7roX\ot9 Kal

Srj

elvai,

dvdpcoTTOi v7repr]Beco<; irelOovTai.

TovB'

icrrl crvvTopbo)-

ov yap av TjyrjcroyvTat irepl tov

kavTol
re koI re /cal

iirl p,ev ye to avdyKj) eireaOai avTi], 6S09 icTTLV' eTrl he to KpelrTov tovtov

TToXv, TO eKOVTa^ TTelOecrdaL,

repa.

aTipA^eiv

iriore

71/01179

xyG

;

aiytrat

AH

;

01

not

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

19-21

often raises false expectations of good things to come, eventually he can gain no credence, even when he But, my son, you holds forth well-grounded hopes. should refrain from saying what you are not perfectly sure of ; by making certain others your mouthpiece, however, the desired end may be accomplished ; but faith in your own words of encouragement you must keep sacred to the utmost to serve you in the greatest crises." " Yes, by Zeus, father," said Cyrus ; " I think you are right in what you say, and I like your idea 20. And then in regard to keeping the sol- How better. diers in a state of obedience, I think, father, that I "j^*"*^ am not inexperienced in that direction ; for you secured instructed me in obedience from my very childhood on, compelling me to obey you. Then you surrendered me to the charge of my teachers, and they pursued the same course ; and when we were in the class of young men, the officer in charge paid especial attention to this same point ; and most of the laws seem to me to teach these two things above all else, to govern and to be governed. rVnd now, when I think of it, it seems to me that in all things the chief incentive to obedience lies in this praise and honour for the obedient, punishment and dishonour for the disobedient." 21. " This, my son, is the road to compulsory obedience, indeed, but there is another road, a short cut, to what is much better namely, to willing obedience. For people are only too glad to obey the man who they believe takes wiser thought for their interests :

—

And you might recognize many instances but particularly in the

than they themselves do. that this

is

so in

107

XENOPHON KoX iv T0t9

/e
rd^ovra^ 6 OaXdrrr) Se

ri

eb?

irpoOvfiw';

(w
KoXovai'

rol<;

avfnr\eovT€<; treiOovTar koX

7'

oik;

av

otwvrat

KaKov Tt

ireiOofievoi

Trdvu

^r]fuai,
ovBe yap Scopa

eiraipeaOai,.

orav he

ovre

eirX rat

ol

&)? Ic'^vpo)^

ovtc

Xij-yjreadat,

iOeXovaiv etKecv

Tt

iv

vo/jbicrcoai

ideXovcriv.

dirokeiirecrOaL

ou8'

ctti-

fcal

Kv^epvrjrai^

^eXriov avrSyv oSoui elBevai,

rive<;

rovTcov

toi)?

7rpoOvfi(0<;

'^oietv

XPV

8copoi
avrov KaKw

€KQ)V ovSel<; 7ui/jij3dvet.

22. Aeyei
ov8ev

SoKciv elvai tcov

AejM yap Kat

7r&)9

OvK earIV, yevkcrBai rrepX

rj

w

Trdrep, roiavTTjv ho^av

avrov Trapaa'X^eadaL Bvpatro; e
<w

rovrmv

yvd)(T€t

fit}

linrev'i

ecpij.

irai,

avvrofiaiTepa

wv ^ovXei, Sokciv

ro,^ irepl

a-KOTTWV

dp')(ofieva)v.

t£9 dv,

S>;

cov

r)

ro irevOoixevov^ tov <}>povifJuoT6pov

Trdrep, et?

dvva-ifidrrepov

ovv,

rd')(^L(TTa Trepl

jSovXt)

&

(tv,

elvai,

(f)p6vifio
(^povifiov.

on iym

Kad^ ev

dXrjdrj

S'

Xiyco.

etn

oBo<;

elvai

r)

ro

eKacrrov rjv

yap

dya6o
larpcx;

rj

avXr)rr}
rj

aXV

orcovv, evvoet

dv fiTj^cLvdaOat tov Bokciv evexa. Kol el Br) Trelaaa iiratvetv re ce ttoXXou?, ottcd? Bo^av Xd^oi
oXiyo) varepov, ottov iretpav 80/7/9, e^eXtjXeyfievo^

dv

TTpocriri koI *

(08

M

t6,

oKa^cov (paivoio. Hug, Marchant

;

not in

MS8.

CYROPAEDIA, case of the sick

:

how

I.

vi.

21-22

readily they call in those

who

what they must do and at sea how cheerfully the passengers obey the captain and how earnestly travellers desire not to get separated from are to prescribe

;

;

who they think are better acquainted with the But when people think that they road than they are. are going to get into trouble if they obey, they will neither yield very much for punishment nor will they be moved by gifts for no one mllingly accepts even a gift at the cost of trouble to himself." those

;

"You mean

to say, father, that nothing is toward keeping one's men obedient than to seem to be wiser than they "Yes," said he, "that is just what I mean." " And how, pray, father, could one most quickly acquire such a reputation for oneself.-*" " There is no shorter road, my son," said he, "than Be wh»t really to be wise in those things in which you wish g^'JJ'to^u to seem to be wise and when you examine concrete instances, you will realize that what I say is true. For example, if you wish to seem to be a good farmer when you are not, or a good rider, doctor, flute-player, or anything else that you are not, just think how many schemes you must invent to keep up your pretensions. And even if you should persuade any number of people to praise you, in order to give yourself a reputation, and if you should procure a fine outfit for each of your professions, you would soon be found to have practised deception and not long after, when you were giving an exhibition of your skill, you would be shown up and convicted, too, as an impostor." 22.

more

effectual

.''

;

109

XENOPHON 23. ^p6vcfio<; Se irepl TTco?

dv Tt9

AtjXov, elBevat,

oaa

TO) ovTi

6
oaa jiev eari /ladovra rd rafcrtKa e/j.ade
ort

Trat,

CO

wcnrep

dv,

fiaOoiv

rov avvolaeiv fxeWovTO<;

yivoiTo;

Se dvdpa)7roi<; ovre /j.adrjrd

dv9pwirlvr) nrpovoia, 8id TTVvdavofjievo^

ovre Trpoopara

dv irapd de&v

fjiavTiKr]<;

dWcov

<^povifi(iiTepo
o

et9/
ti

^eXriov ov 7rpa')(6rivai, iirip-eKofievo^ dv TovTov (W9 dv Trpax^^i'V' '^'^^ J^P ''"o evipiXeadai ov dv hirj (ppovifxcorepov uvSpo^ r) to dfiekelv. 8e

yvoi7)<;

'A\X^

24.

dp')(^ofievcov,

fievTOi eVt to

elvai, SrjXov ort (filXfov

<^i\eiadat

r&v

viro

oirep efiotye iv Tot? jjLeyiaroL'i Boxei rj

r&v

avTrj 68b
cTTepyeaOai eTndvfioirj-

ev

yap

Selv

olf^ai

TToiovvra (pavepbv elvai.

'AWa

toOto

fiev,

€(f>r},

&

del Svvacrdat ev iroieZv ov
Ti
koI avva'^dofxevov,

edeXrj'

dyaObv

avvt}o6fiev6v re (^aivecrdai, rjv ri avfi^aivrj,

x^Xeirov ro to 8e

Trat,

ti

r)v

avTOi
kukov, kol

crvveirtKovpeiv Trpodvfiov/xevov Tai^ diropiai^ av-

Kol

t5)v,

(fto^ov/jbevov

voeiv Treipcojiievov o)? Bel

fxdWov

irpd^ewv

firj

fii]

rt

cr(f)aXa)(Ti,

av/XTrapofiapzeiv.

Be, tjv fxev iv

Kal

irpo-

acpdWcovTai., raurd^ 25.

Kal

irrl

7r&)9

tmv

Oepei oxri, rov dp)(ovTa Bel

Tov rjXiov ifkeoveKTOvvTa ^avepov elvai' rjv Be ev TOV \^v')(QV
'^eipoivt,

M ravra MSS.

ravra Stobaeus, Edd. Dindorf, z, iJ.6xOoi>v fxoxBe'iv xyR, Gemoll. ^

* 5ia

TIO

;

Marchant,

Breitenbach;

St-p

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

23-25

23. "But how could one become really wise in " foreseeing that which will prove to be useful ? " Obviously, my son/' said he, " by learning all that it is possible to acquire by learning, just as you learned tactics. But whatever it is not possible for man to learn, nor for human wisdom to foresee, that you may find out from the gods by the soothsayer's art, and thus prove yourself wiser than others ; and if you know anything that it would be best to have done, you would show yourself wiser than others if you should exert yourself to get that done ; for it is a mark of greater wisdom in a man to strive to secure what is needful than to neglect it." The way but as to the love of one's subjects 24. " Yes and this, it seems to me at least, is one of the most aff^ul)n important questions the same course that you would take if you wished to gain the affection of your friends leads also to that ; that is, I think, you must show yourself to be tlieir benefactor." " Yes, ray son," said he ; " it is a difficult matter, however, always to be in a position to do good to whom you wUl ; but to show that you rejoice with them if any good befall them, that you sympathize with them if any ill betide, that you are eager to help them in times of distress, that you are anxious that they be not crossed in any way, and that you try to prevent their being crossed ; it is in these respects somehow that you ought rather to go hand

—

;

—

in

hand with them.

25.

And

in his

campaigns

also, if

summer

time, the general must show that he can endure the heat of the sun better than his soldiers can, and that he can endure cold better than they if it be in winter ; if the way lead through

they

fall in

the

III

XENOPHON irdvra yap ravra eh to ^tXcCadai, viro

irovoiv

T(ov dp'^o/j,iv(ou

Aeyei^

avWafi^dvet. Trdrep, o)? koI Kaprepcorepov

crv, ecprj, c5

Set 7r/J09 TrdvTa rov dp')(pvra

Aiyco yap ovv,

yap

€v

iral'

icrOi

rwv

dp'X^o/j.ivcov elvat.

ddppet fiivrot tovto,

€
ore rS)v ofioicov

w

aotfidrcov oi

avTol TTovoi ou;^ o/iota)9 dirrovTai dp')(^ovr6
ddvei

ri

dp^ovn kul avro av

26. 'Ottotc

to elSii^ai

on ov \av-

Trocfj.

&

Be,

Trdrep, aoi

raTTir^Seia oi arpartcorat,

'^Srj

€')(^oiev

fiev

vyiaivotev Si, rrovelv

8e Svvaivro, rdt\orifiQ)(;

S'

e-x^oiev

7rpb
to dyaOoX (paive-

adai, TO 8e Treldeadai avrolf rjSiov eirj rov direiOelv, ovK av rrjvcKavra aaxppovelv av rt? aoi, Bokolt, Btaycovl^eadai fiov\6/jLevo
tt/jo?

TOv
TroXe/niovs

CO? rd'X^KTra;

Nat

/xeWoi ye irXelov e^eiv Kal avTo
Be

&)? ev

/xd

ixTj,

At',

€(f)7],

el

eycoy av oacp

ololfj.r]v

ixvpo)rdra) rrroietaOai.

27. JlXelov S'

'e)(eLv,

co

trdrep,

TroXefiicov

ttcov

av Tt? Bvvairo fidXtara; Ov ud AC, €(f)r], ovKert rovro (f)av\ov, w iral, oyS' dirXovv epyov epcora^i- dXX^ ev XctOl on Bel rov fieXXovra rovro rroti^aeiv Kal eiri^ovXov elvai Kal KpiryjrLvovv kuI BoXepbv kuI drrareoyva 118

CYROPAEDIA, difficulties,

that he

I.

vi.

25-27

can endure hardships better.

All tins contributes to his being loved

"

You mean

to say, father," said

by

his

men."

he, " that

in

everything the general must show more endurance than his men." " Yes," said he, "that is just what I mean however, never fear for that, my son for bear in mind that the same toils do not affect the general and the private in the same way, though they have the same sort of bodies but the honour of the general's position and the very consciousness that nothing he does escapes notice lighten the burdens for him." 26. " But, father, when once your soldiers had ;

;

;

supplies

and were well and able to endure

toils,

and

when they were

practised in the arts of war and ambitious to prove themselves brave, and when they were more inclined to obey than to disobey, under such circumstances do you not think it would be wise to desire to engage the enemy at the very first "

opportunity ? " Yes, by Zeus," said he ; " at any rate, if I Taidng expected to gain some advantage by it otherwise, ^^g^"^* for my part, the better I thought myself to be and e»einy the better my followers, the more should I be on my guard, just as we try to keep other things also which we hold most precious in the greatest possible ;

security." 27. " But, father, what would be the best way to " gain an advantage over the enemy } " By Zeus," said he, " this is no easy or simple question that you ask now, my son but, let me tell you, the man who proposes to do that must be designing and cunning, wily and deceitful, a thief ;

"

113

XENOPHON Kol K\e7rTt]v Kol apirwya koX ev iravrl irXeoviKTijv TU)V TToXefiLoyv.

K.al 6 }^vpo
av

olov

Xeyei^,

Oio9 av

Trdrep, SeXv

a)

o)v,^

^

^V"7>

vofiLp.d)TaTO
dvBpa

*H

'Hpa/cXet?,

[xe

yevkcrOai.

hiKaioraro^ re Koi

iral,

€i7)<;.

n&j? p,i]v, e<j>7], 7raiSa
28.

riixa
Koi

€(f)^^ov
Nat

AC,

fia

et^rj,

Kal TroXtra?*

re

koI vvv

tou9

Trpo'i

ye rouf

Si

o7ro)
Svvaiade KaKa>
Ov

SrjTa,

Tivo
e(f)r],

€76076,

eo

fjbav9dvovTa
Trdrep.

efxavdavere ro^evetv; eveKa aKovri^eLv; rlvo^ ^' evexa SoXouv v<; evEKa,

firjv

ecfyij,

dyplovov
TToBdypat^ Kal dpireBovaa; epM')(eade,

dWd

ravra

B eXd-

KaBiard-

nrkeove^ia^ rivo^ del

jxercb

eTreipdaOe dycovt^eadat yiyvco(TKei
ri,

Be \eov
ri,

apKroi
C\ov<;

iroXefuov;

avrd; r) ov rrdvra KaKovpylai re etcrc Kal

tt/oo?

on

dirdrai Kal BoXcoaei'i Kal ifKeove^iai; 29.

Be

el

Nal

p,ci

Al,

ecprj,

drjpCmv

TToXXa?

7rXrjyd<}

OvBe yap

dvdpdtirwv

olBa Xafi^dvcov.

ro^eveiv,

ol/juai,

dpcoTTOV eTrerpevofiev vfilv,

ovB^

dXk

\eiv iBiBdaKOfjLev, iva ye vvv fiev 1

114

ye'

Kal B6^ai/xt ^ovkeadat i^aTrarrjaai, riva,

&p Hertlein, Edd.

;

aKovri^eiv av-

cttI /xr)

o-kottov

^d\-

KaKovpyotrjre

not iu MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

27-29

vi.

and a robber, overreaching the enemy at every point."

O

Heracles, father," said Cyrus with a laugh, " a man you say I must become "Such, my son," he said, '' that you would be at the same time the most righteous and law-abiding man in the world." 28. " Why then, pray, did you use to teach us the opposite of this when we were boys and youths " Aye, by Zeus," said he "and so we would have **

"what

!

.''

;

towards your friends and fellow-citizens but, that you might be able to hurt your enemies, do you not know that you all were learning many

you

still

"

villainies

?

" No, indeed, father," said he

;

" not

at

any

shoot,

and

I,

rate."

"Why," said why to throw

he,

"did you learn

to

the spear? Why did you learn to ensnare wild boars with nets and pitfalls, and deer with traps and toils ? And why were you not used to confront lions and bears and leopards in a fair fight face to face instead of always trying to contend against them with some advantage on your side ? Why, do you not know that all this is villainy and " deceit and trickery and taking unfair advantage ? 29. " Yes, by Zeus," said he, " toward wild animals however but if I ever even seemed to wish to deceive a man, I know that I got a good beating for it" " Yes," said he " for, methinks, we did not permit you to shoot at people nor to throw your spear at them but we taught you to shoot at a mark, in order that you might not for the time at ;

;

;

"5

XENOPHON Toi/? (J)l\ov<;, el Si Trore iroXefio^ yevoiro,

hvvaiade

KaiavdpdoTToyv aTO^d^eadar Kol e^airarav he xal irKeoveKTelv ovk iv dv6pco7TOL<; eiraihevofMev v[ul^,

dXK iv 9r]pL0L^, iva fiijS^ ev rovroi^ rovf ^tXof 9 ^XdiTTOiTe, el Si ttotc iroXefMo^ f^/evono, fxrjhe rovTcov dyvfivaaTOC etrjre. OvKOVV, e irdrep, eXirep 'X^p)]a-ifid dfKporepa eiricxTaa'dai, ev re Troieiv xai KUKwfi dvdpco7rov
ecTTiv

eSei iv

^

dvdpu)TTOi
'AWa

Xeyerai, ecprj, & iral, iirl rcov irpoyovoov yevecrdac irore dvrjp SiSdaKaX09 Tcov iraihwv, 09 ihihaaKev apa tov^ 7ral8a<; ttjv 31.

TjfjieTepeov

hiKaLoavvrjV,

coairep

av

KeXevei^,

firj

yfrevSeadai

Kul yjrevSeadai, Kal fir) i^airardv koI i^airardv, Koi fir) Bia^dXXeiv Kal Sia^dXXeiv, Kcu /j,t] TrXeoveKTelv KOI irXeoveKTelv. Siwpi^e 8e rovriov d re irpo'i rov<; iplXov; Troirjreov koX a irpoLXovvei<; koI 7r/>09 to et> i^arrardv koX irpo'i to ev irXeoveKrelv, lacof Be Kal 7r/>09 TO
ravra

116

^'i

Marchant, Breitenbach

ye Dindorf, most Edd.

ASC^.

;

In

R

;

en

;

^x*

xzR, Din-

Sj irpoBhs

J

;

»fal

CYROPAEDIA,

1.

vi.

29-32

least do harm to your friends, but, in case there should ever be a war, that you might be able to aim well at men also. And we instructed you likewise to deceive and to take advantage, not in the case of men but of beasts, in order that you might not

injure your friends by so doing, but, if there should

ever be a war, that you might not be unpractised in these arts." 30.

" Well then,

father," said he, ''if indeed it

how

is Training

do good and how ^f^'"^ to do evil to men, we ought to have been taught advantage both these branches in the case of men, too." 31. "Yes, my son," said he; "it is said that in the time of our forefathers there was once a teacher of the boys who, it seems, used to teach them justice in the very way that you propose to lie and not to lie, to cheat and not to cheat, to slander and not to slander, to take and not to take unfair advantage. And he drew the line between what one should do to one's friends and what to one's enemies. And what is more, he used to teach this that it was right to deceive friends even, provided it were for a good end, and to steal the possessions of a friend for a good purpose. 32. And in teaching these lessons he had also to train the boys to practise them upon one another, just as also in wrestling, the Greeks, they say, teach deception and train the boys to be able to practise it upon one another. When, therefore, some had in this way become expert both in deceiving successfully and in taking unfair advantage and perhaps also not inexpert in avarice, they did not useful to understand both

to

;

:

1*7

XENOPHON ouS

Toiv (fitXwv TO

ov TrXeovcKTecv ouv e/c tovtwv prjTpa, y koX vvv ^(^pdtiixeOa en, aTrXw? hihd(TK€iv 70v<; TraiSa? Mcnrep tou? olKera
avTcov

CLTTO

fit]

33. iyivero

TTcipacrOai.

TTOiolev, KoXd^eiv, otto)? cri/v

^

roiovrco

eOei

adevTC^ irpaoTepoL iroSl'vai yevoivro. 34, €')(pLev Tr]v rfkLKiav rjv av vvv ex^t'i, V^V TT/oo? TOv<;

eOi-

errel he f*^^

'^^

TTokefxiov^ vofUfia iSoKei d(T(pa\e'i eivai

8i8d(TK€iv. ov yap av en e^ev€')(^dr]vaL BoKetre tt/Oo? TO dypiOL TToktrai yevecrdai ev tw alSeiadat dXXrjXov; (TvvTeOpafifievoi' &cnrep
pahLOVpyia
35. Ti

et

N^

Ar,

Tovrwv

efie

TMV

€(^7}'

roivvv

o)?

Toyv TrXeove^twv,

BiBdaKeiv

e^et?

w

OTreo?

oylrifiaOr}

ovra

Trdrep, prj (})eiBov irXeoveKTrjo-oi

iyco

iroXefiiwv.

icnl BvvaixLavr}
To'ivvv,

TOi?

rerayp^evoLf;

»

«r{/vMSS.;

'

ii8

al.

;

SteXeyS/jieea

Sauppe, Hug,

al.

viroSt^ft

Hug, et

Hug. MSS., Dindorf

drdKTOV^

^i/

* Bia\ey6iJ.f9a

Gemoll, et

oiroa-rj

e(f)r),

aavrov

MSS., Dindorf, most Edd.

;

bracketed by Cobet,

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

32-35

from trying to take an unfair advantage even 33. In consequence of that, therefore, an ordinance was passed which obtains even unto this day, simply to teach our boys, just as we teach our servants in their relations toward us, to tell the truth and not to deceive and not to take unfair advantage and if they should act contrary to this law, the law requires their punishment, in order that, inured to such habits, they may become more refined members of society. 34. But when they came to be as old as you are now, then it seemed to be safe to teach them that also which is lawful toward enemies ; for it does not seem likely that you would break away and degenerate into savages after you had been brought up together ui mutual respect. In the same way we do not discuss sexual matters in the presence of very young boys, lest in case lax refrain

of their friends.

;

discipline should give a free rein to their passions the young might indulge them to excess." said he; "but seeing that Howtouke learning about this art of taking ^J^,***^' advantage of others, do not neglect to teach me, enemy father, if you can, how I may take advantage of the

35.

I

am

"True, by Zeus,"

late

in

enemy." "Contrive, then," said he, "as far as is in your power, with your own men in good order to catch the enemy in disorder, with your own men armed to come upon them unarmed, and with your own men

awake

to surprise them sleeping, and then you will catch them in an unfavourable position while vou yourself are in a strong position, when they are in sight to you and while you yourself are unseen."

119

XENOPHON 36. Kal TTW? av, ecfyrj, rt? ToiavTa, w irdrep, afiaprdvovTWi ovvair av Tov
re fydp dvdyKrj dfi^orepov^, koldudyxr} d/M(f)OTepov<;, Kal ecoOev iirl rdvayKaia a^^^ov dfia iravra^i Set lecrdai Kal oirolai dv wai ToiavTat<; dvdyKr} 6Bot<; rat? d ')(^pri ce irdvra Karavoovvra, ev (a XPV<^0o,i. ytyvoyiyv(0(TKij<; dvyij 38. Bel Bi], ecjir}, (f)iXofiadr) ere tovtoov Oeadai. aTrdvTOiV ovra ovx, ot? dv fj,ddr]
adcrdai

re

oI? dv fidOaxri tovtoi<; fiovov oi/'x^ dTCkd Kal dXka via TreipwvTai Troietv. ^ Kal (r(f)6Bpa fiev Kal iv roi<; fwvciKol^ rd via

^ovcriKol

oi

)(^pSiVTai,

^

6uxe'p«TOTOTous Stephanas, Edd.;

'

I'e'a

zR, most Edd.

;

yea

/i«'Aij

x

;

fux«'^o('^I^)''''^''''"'^MSS.

yueA.ij

y

{songs).

120

I

Wk

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

36-38

" And how, father/' said he, " could one catch enemy making such mistakes ? " " Why, my son," said he, " both you and the enemy must necessarily offer many such opportuni36.

the

for instance, you must both eat, and you must ; both sleep, and early in the morning you must almost all at the same time attend to the calls of nature, and you must make use of such roads as you find. All this you must observe, and you must be particularly watchful on the side where you know yourselves to be weaker, and you must attack the enemy above all in that quarter in which you see that they are most vulnerable." 37. " And is it possible to take advantage in these ways only," said Cyrus, "or in other ways also ? " " Aye, far more in other ways, my son," said he "for in these particulars all men, as a rule, take for they know that they must. strict precautions But those whose business it is to deceive the enemy can catch them off their guard by inspiring them with over-confidence ; and, by offering them the opportunity of pursuit, can get them into disorder and, by leading them on into unfavoumble ground by pretended flight, can thwere turn and attack them. 38. However, my son," he continued, " since you ties

;

are desirous of learning

all these matters, you must not only utilize what you may learn from others, but you must yourself also be an inventor of stratagems against the enemy, just as musicians render not only those compositions which they have learned but try

to

compose others

also that are

new.

Now

if in

121

XENOPHON Kol

avOrjpa

evhoKifxei,

ttoXv

Bk

koI

iv

rot?

fidWov TO, Katva firj^avjjfutra evSoravra
'iro\€fiiKol
T0V9 VTTevavTiOV^. 39. Et 8e (TV

Kal OVK

Trdvv

€(f)r},

w

e^rj,

Tral,

dvO p(ti7rov
T0t9

iirX

otei av,

eV

fi€T€veyKoi<;

rj

fxiKpol
/jbT])(^ava<;

av yap

a?

ep,r}-^avSi,

6r}pL0t,
irpoaa) irdvv iXdcrai

rov<; 7ro\e/jiLov
dWo

firjSkv

rd<;

rrji;

irpo^

iirl fiev rdf;

6pvida<; iv Tu> ia-'xypoTaTM -^eip^wvi, dvi(7Tdfievo
iireiraihevvTo aoi vTTrjperelv, Ta<;

avrb<;

Se

ware

fiev

ra avfupepovra

Se 6/j,o(f>v\ov^ 6pvida<;

ivijSpeve^,

opdv

wcrre

fiev

i^aTrardv avTd<;,

firf

opdaOai Se vtt avratv 'qaKrjKei^; Be
iv aKoret vifierai, rrfv Kvva^ er/ae^e? at

fiev

8i8pdaK6i,

avrfvpiaKOv}

dWa^

on

5'

Tjj

rjfiepav ocr/ij}

diro-

avrov

he ra'xy e<^evyev, iirel evpedeir},

to Kard Kal ravTaevyovTe
7r6Ba
.

ivrjipiffKov y, irphs

.

.

139

.

iiriTerriBevfie.va'i irpo'i

el Be

most Edd. ; tvpuTKou xzR, Sauppe. alpovvrat MSS., Dindoif, Breitenbach ; [vphs} alpovyrat Hug {places which hares choose in their flight) ; .iftKyovvrai Marchant. del bpSivrai Gemoll ; irphs .

* "^

irpij

el)(^e
.

.

.

.

.

.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

38-40

is new and fresh wins applause, stratagems in warfare also win far greater applause^ for such can deceive the enemy even more

music that which

new

successfully. 39. "And if you, my son," he went on, "should ThelestoM do nothing more than apply to your dealings with appi'ild to** men the tricks that you used to practise so constantly *^6 •'^ ^ ''*' in dealing with small game, do you not think that you would make a very considerable advance in the art of taking advantage of the enemy ? For you used to get up in the coldest winter weather and go out before daylight to catch birds, and before the birds were astir you had your snares laid ready for them and the ground disturbed had been made exactly like the ground undisturbed and your decoy birds had been so trained as to serve your purposes and to deceive the birds of the same species, while you yourself would lie in hiding so as to see them but not to be seen by them and you had practised drawing your nets before the birds could escape. 40. And again, to catch the hare because he feeds in the night and hides in the daytime you used to breed dogs that would find him out by the scent. And because he ran so fast, when he was found, you used to have other dogs trained to catch him by coursing. And in case he escaped even these, you used to find out the runs and tlie places where hares take refuge and may be caught, and there you would spread out your nets so as to be hardly visible, and the hare in his headlong flight would plunge into them and entangle himself. And lest he escape even from that, you used to station men to watch for what might happen and to pounce ;

;

—

—

123

XENOPHON 01 iyyvOev (Tcadar koX avro^ ftev

Ka6i(TTij^,

uarept^ovcTT) rov

ware

XajM

Ta^v

e/xeWov

iiriyevij-

oiriadev Kpavjfj ovSev ^ocov e^eTrXv^rre? avrov

crv

dXiaKecrdai, tou? 8' (Tiydv SiSd^a^ eveSpevovra^i Xavddvetv

efiirpoadev

dpova^

eiroiei^;.

"dairep ovv TrpoelTrov, el roiaura edekrjiirl TOt<; dvO pcoTtot,^ pbTj^avdaOai, ovk olK eyw^e el tivo<; \eiiroLO ^ av rcav nroXefilrov. rjv he 41.

crai
Kol

TTore

dpa

rov

dvd/yKT) yevrjrai kol ev ru> laoireSm koI e«

€fi(f)avov<;

koL wTrXia/iievov^

dfj,(f>oT€pov<; p,d')(r]v

€k ttoWov TrapeaKevaapuevai irXeove^lai jxeya Svvavrat. ravra^ Be iya> Xeyco elvai, rjv tmv cTTpaTKOTCJv ev

crin/aTTTeiv, ev rip toiovto) St;, eo Trat, at

fiev

rd

(Tcofjuira

^aKrj/jiiva

rf,

ev

8e

at

^frvx^al

Te^vai fxefieXerrj42. ev 8k XPV '^^'' tovto elhevai fjuevai SxTiv. on oTTOcTovi dv d^ioi<; aot ireidecrOaL, KaX eKeivoi 7rdvT€
CTretBdv

-qfiepa

yevrjTUi, t?}?

KaXXiara

vvKTU

€t
e^et.

5'

rifiipa<; ott&x?

43. oVft)?

Be

rd ')(pi]

(npandv

tj ottw? dyeiv r]p,epa^ TrXareia^ 6Bov
rdrreiv rj

el
vvKT0<;

rj

fid^rjv

aTevd<;

r)

• &e z)6voi>s MSS., Dindorf, Sauppe. ^ rivos \eliroio Hertlein, most Edd.; nva \flirois yR rivas xlirois z ; riya Klvois (" leave any man alive ") Dindorf. ;

124

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

40-43

apon him suddenly from a place near

by.

And you

yourself from behind shouting with a cry that kept

up with the hare would frighten him so that he would lose his wits and be taken those in front, on the other hand, you had instructed to keep silent and made them lie concealed in ambush. 41. " As I said before, then, if you would employ Cambyses's such schemes on men also, I am inclined to think that sugge'stiona you would not come short of any enemy in the world. But if it is ever necessary as it may well be to join battle in the open field, in plain sight, with both armies in full array, why, in such a case, my son, the advantages that have been long since secured are of much avail by that I mean, if your soldiers are physically in good training, if their hearts are well right

;

—

—

;

steeled and the arts of war well studied. 42. Besides, you must remember well that all those from whom you expect obedience to you will, on their part, expect you to take thought for them. So never be careless, but think out at night what your men are to do for you when day comes, and in the daytime think out how the arrangements for the night may best be made. 43, But how you ought to draw up an army in battle array, or how you ought to lead it by day or by night, by narrow ways or broad, over mountains or plains, or how you should pitch camp, or how station your sentinels by night or by day, or how you should advance against the enemy or retreat before them, or how you should lead past a hostile city, or how attack a fortification or withdraw from

"5

XENOPHON ayevv ^ fj

irpo^

ottco?

OTTO)?

vaTry]

(pvXdTreaOat,

rj

ro^6ra
Koi

croc

ye

el

Stj

ottw^

€c

cttI

K€pa
17

dyovn

')(pr)

duriKaOi
dXkoOev iroOev

dvrcTrapdyeiv,

')(jj7)

ottco?

rj

(fidXayyo^ dyovTi

(jiaLvotvTO

TToXifMioc

ol

aTrdyetv,

dKOVTiard<;

Kara

TToXe/xiot eTTKpavetev, ttw?

ol

rj

Sia^aiveiv,

iTTTTLKoi'

Kol

dyeiv

Tel)(o
TroTa/jLoix;

t)

Kara

17

rd

oiroif;

rj

irpocrwjrov,

rwv

oirco<;

iroXepdoiv

dv Tt9 fj-dXiara alaOdvono,

rj 07ra>
TToXifiLoi rjKiaTa elSelev^

iyo) \eyoipL croi;

\dKt<; dKJjKoaf,

dWo^

re oarL<; eBo/cei ri tovtcov

eiriaraadai, ovhevo
rovToa

8ei

ovv

')(pi](Tdat

rjp.ekrjKa'i

ra

7rp6
ovS' dBar)
<jvp.j3alvovTa,

ol/j,ai,

oTTolov dv avpi^epeiv croi rovrcov

SoKJ}.

44. M.d6e Be

fieyiara' irapd fMrjSeTTOTe 0)9

fxtjre

dvOptoTTOi

fiov koX rd8e. Si iral, e(f)r), tu yap lepd koI olcovoi)^ firjre (ravra aTparca Kiv8vveva7)
alpovvrai irpd^ei^ ecKd^ovTe^, earai avrol^ rdyaOd. dv i^ avrcov t6)v ytyvop^ivcov ttoXfiev

elSoTe^; 8e oi/Bev diro iroia'i

45. yvoirj'i 8'

Xol

ydp

p,ev

8oKovvre
rovrov
dirdiXovro, l8c(ora
KUKa Kal

vcf)^

rroXXol

iroXei'; eireca-av /cat

cov

elvat ol

8e

iroXep^ov

€j5

ravra ol dpaadai

ireiaOevre^ iirideadat Tjv^rjaav koI

7roXXov
Kal TroXet? v(f> cop aii^rjOevrcDV ra p,eyterra rroXXol 8e oh e^fjv
'irradov,

^

If

i]8r]

cro(pcoraTOL

xdyra y, Edd.

;

not in xzR.

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

43-45

vi.

it, or how you should cross ravines or rivers, or how you should protect yourself against cavalry or spearmen or bowmen, and if the enemy should suddenly come in sight Mhile you are leading on in column, how you should form and take your stand against them, and if they should come in sight from any other quarter than in front as you are marching in phalanx, how you should form and face them, or liow any one might best find out the enemy's plans or how the enemy might be least likely to learn his why should I tell you all these things ? For what I, for my part, know, you have often heard; and if any one else had a reputation for understanding anything of that kind, you never neglected to get information from him, nor have yoa been un instructed. I think, then, that you should turn this knowledge to account according to circumstances, as each item of it may appear serviceable to you. 44. " Learn this lesson, too, from me, my son," obedience said he; "it is the most important thing of all *" ^j'i"*' guidance ir. J -.Li never go mto any danger either to yourself or to the first your army contrary to the omens or the auspices, '^* and bear in mind that men choose lines of action by conjecture and do not know in the least from which of them success will come. 45. But you may derive this lesson from the facts of history for many, and men, too, who seemed most ^vise, have ere now persuaded states to take up arms against others, and the states thus persuaded to attack have been destroyed. And many have made many others great, both individuals and states and when they have exalted them, they have suffered the most grievous wrongs at their hands. And many who

—

:

.

.

.

;

;

127

XENOPHON /naXXov

jSovXTjOevTei

avTWV TOVTtov rjpKeaev

^
8iKT)v

avTol
to

ixepo
e^ovai

^rjv

rjSio)^,

Tuvra

€Tn0v/ji'ijaavT6
Kol

wv

iroWol 8e rov iroXvev-

a'ireTV')(pv'

el'xpv

KTOV ttXovtov KaraKTrjacifievoi, 8ia tovtov \ovro.

46.

oinoi<;

r]

avdpanrivrj

ao^ia

jxaXkov 6l8e to apiarov alpeiadai ^ pevot o

&

Ti

Xa-xoi

iral, del oi/re?

vtt'

ovk

tovto

€4

irpaTTOi.

ti<;

airoi-

ovSev

KXrjpov6eo\

Be,

iravra laaai rd re jeyeirtjpiva

Kai ra ovra Koi 6 ri e^ eKacrrov avroov aTro^rjcrerai,

av

koI

iXeo)

twv av p^ovkevopLevav dvd puiiroiv

KoX a ov XP^Xevetp, ovSev eariv mp av

is»

trpoaripaivovaiv

oxTit

^^ ^^ f^V

^yo?/

ol?

iroieiv

'^dacv idiXovai avp,^ov-

davpaarov ov

firj

d re

lyap dvdyKtj

edekwaiv iirip^eXeadai.

avToU

CYROPAEDIA,

I.

vi.

45-40

friends and done favours from them, have received their just deserts from these very people because they preferred to treat them like slaves rather than as friends. Many, too, not satisfied to live contentedly in the enjoyment of their own proper share, have lost even that which they had, because they have desired to be lords of everything ; and many, when they have gained the much coveted wealth, have been ruined by it. 46. So we see that mere human wisdom does not know how to choose what is best any more than if any one were to cast lots and do as the lot fell. But the gods, my son, the eternal gods, know all things, both what has been and what is and what shall come to pass as a result of each present or past event ; and if men consult them, they reveal to those to whom they are propitious what they

might have treated people favours and received

as

them

ought to do and what they ought not to do.

But

if

they are not willing to give counsel to everybody, that is not surprising ; for they are under no compulsion to care for any one unless they will."

129

BOOK

II

THE REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY

B I

TofaCra

1.

opiwv

TOiV

Se^cb^

IIe/Do-tSo9*

TrporjyeiTO,

(f}av€l
Kal ripwac Aral

fiev Brj d(f)Lff0VT0 SiaXeyofievoi fiiypi

TTJ^

eVet

avTol<;

aeTOs

'rrpoaev^d/u.evoc

deol^i

S"

Uepa-iBa yfjv Karkyovaiv iXew? TrifiireLv a(f)d
toi<;

€vfi€velf;

eVetS^ 8e Bti^rjcrav, Trpocrrjv^ovTo avOL<; MrjSiav yfp Karey^ovcrLV t\€(i)<} Kal ravra Be iroirjaavTe^, €vfjiev€i<} Si'X^eaOat avTov^. dcriraadfievot dXh-rfKov^ wanrep elKO'i, 6 fxev iraTrjp TrdXiu €iv Ilepo-a? ^ aTrrjei, K.vpooiTcov 7r/309 u/xa? p,L(Tdo<^6pot,' dXkoi Be koI t(ov ovBenroTe e^eXOovrcov Trpoaep-x^ovrac r&v 6p,OTi,fjL(ov. Hoa-Qi TLvh; e<^r) 6 K.va^dpr)(i. 3. OvK dv 6 apidpo^ ae, e(f)r} 6 K.vpo
6eol
T0t9

dKOvaavra

€V(f>pdvet,ev'

dW*

eKelvo

evv6>]crov

Uepffas xy, most Edd. ; v6\iy z, Dindorf, vSauppe [to the * Tpiafivplovs Aldua, £dd.; Sia-fivpiovs MSS. capital). ^

i3«

BOOK

11

they arrived at the Persian Cynw Avhen an eagle appeared uf>on their ^J^^ '" right and flew on ahead of them, they prayed to the gods and heroes who watch over the land of Persia to conduct them on with grace and favour, and then proceeded to cross the frontier. And when they had crossed, they prayed again to the tutelary gods of the Median land to receive them with grace and favour ; and when they had finished their devotions, they embraced one another, as was natural, and the father went back again to Persia, while Cyrus went on to Cyaxares in Media. 2. And when he arrived there, first they embraced Oyrn* aud one another, as was natural, and then Cyaxares d^^'^j,e asked Cyrus how large the army was that he was situAtion 1.

In

sucli conversation

frontier.

And

bringing.

"Thirty thousand," he answered, "of such as have come to you before as mercenaries but others also, of the peers^ who have never before left their country, are coming." "About how many ? " asked Cyaxares. 3. "The number," said Cyrus, "would give you no pleasure, if you were to hear it ; but bear this in ;

^33

XENOPHON oXiyoi 6vTe<;

oTi

TToW&v (TLV.

ovroi

ardp,

ol

dWfov

ovTfov Tcov

avrwv

Beet ri

€(f)y,

KaXovfievoi

ofioTifjLoi

Uepaoiyv

j6a8i9

ap^ov-

fidrrjv i^o^ri-

rj

Bk TToXifxioi ovK ep-)(pvTai,;

Or)s, ol

Nat

p,a

4. II 0)9

On,

AC,

€<^'q,

TovTo

Kol TToWoi ye.

a-a(f)€
TToWol rJK0VTe
rpoTTOv

€(f)r},

'irdvT€
^AvdyKT] yap,

Tt OVV, eX€^a<;

€(f)r].

KO/309,

€^TJ

fioi, el

olada,

ttoo-tj

KoX

OV tl^

i)

SvVa/UV

TT}P

Trpotriovcra, koi

irdXtv T1JV rjfierepav, ottco^ €lB6re
ravra

BovXev(ii)p,e6a oirai;

dpicna dycovi^oi-

av

psda; "Akov€ 8^,

5. Kpoiao^i p^v ^<^rf o Kva^dprj^;. dyeiv Xeyerai p,vpiov
o

Av5o9

'

dp^ovTU Xeyovaiv

l7nr€a<; p,ev et9 o/craKia-xt'Xlov';

dyeiv, Xoyxo(f)6pov^ Be avv 'jreXraa-Tal<; ov p,elov
BoKcov Be

^aaiXea

l7r7r€a<; fiep e^aKicr'x^iXlov'i,

Kal ireXTaaTdf

ov

p.eiov
To^ora^

rpca-fivpifov,

rov

^Apd^iov Be "ApayBop linrea^ re et9 p,vpiov
XPVM^'

TOv
olKOvPTa^ ovBiv TTft) TOi'9 B^ diro ^pvyla
(Ta
tov<;

Xeyerai

Tr]<; Trpo
ip el

TJj

'Acr/a

eirovTai.

'YXXTja-irovru) avp,-

fiaXelp
CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

3-5

mind, that though the so-called peers are few, they easily rule the rest of the Persians, many though they be. But/' he added, "are you in any need of them, or was it a false alarm, and are the enemy not coming " Yes, by Zeus," said he, " they are coming and in great numbers, too." " 4. " How is this so certain ? " Because," said he, " many have come from there, and though one tells the story one way and another another, they all say the same thing." " We shall have to fight those men, then ? " " Aye," said he '• we must of necessity." " Well then," said Cyrus, " won't you please tell me, if you know, how great the forces are that are .''

;

and tell me of our own as well, ; so that with full information about both we may lay our plans accordingly, how best to enter the conflict."

coming against us

" Listen then," said Cyaxares. 5. " Croesus, the The king of Lydia, is said to be coming at the head of ^^iJ^r'of 10,000 horsemen and more than 40,000 peltasts and theopposbowmen. And they say that Artacamas, the king of "* ""^ Greater Phrygia, is coming at the head of 8000 horse and not fewer than 40,000 lancers and peltasts and Aribaeus, the king of Cappadocia, has 6000 horse and not fewer than 30,000 bowmen and peltasts while the Arabian, Aragdus, has about 10,000 horsemen, about 100 chariots of war, and a great host of slingers. As for the Greeks who dwell in Asia, however, no definite information is as yet received whether they are in the coalition or not. But the contingent from Phrygia on the Hellesp)ont, under Gabaedus, has arrived at Caystru-Pedium, it is said, to the number of 6000 horse and 10,000 peltasts. ;

135

XENOPHON K.dpa<; jxevroi koX KiXiKa^s koL I\a^Xayovaf; TrapaKXrjdevra'i ov ^aatv eireadat. 6 Se A(T avpio
'

8iaK0(TiQ)v, 7r€^ov
elcodec

yovv oTTore Bevp' ipb^dXkoi. 6. 2!v, Ky/jo?, 7ro\ep.Lov<: \ey€i
Bvvdpew^

TL

Tr\rjOo
p,ev linTel^ TrXetou? rotv ireXracyTaX Be KaX ro^orat yevoivT dv ttw? e'/c^ T^9 r)p,erepa
M.7]Bcov

e
pvpimv

TeTpaKicr'Xi\ioi, Tre^ol Be Biapvptoi.

Aeyeif;

av,

elvai p^elov

rj

€(f>rj

6

reraprov

K.vpo<;, ^

pApo<;

tTTTrea? pev rjpZv tov t&v TroXepiwv

iTTTTiKOv, 7re^ov<; Be ap,
'AW'

dvBpa>v irpoaBel rjpuv,

el p,ev

vopii^ei
6 Kvpo
e<^ri

koX p-t], av6i<; (Tvp,^ov\evcr6p,eda' rr}v Be pd-^V^ /^of, e<^r], Xe^ov eKdarcov ^TiT) o K.va^dpr)<;, irdvTwv rf avrrj' To^orai ydp elcri koi uKovTiffral oi r' eKeivuiv xai etre

01 r}p,erepot.

OvKOVV,

K.vpo
€(f>')j

earl toiovtcov ye

roiyv

aKpo^oTu^eaOat dvdyKrj

ottXcov ovrcov.

M

^ vws ix Breitenbach, later Edd.; i>s MSS., except E, which omits a>i. - rtraproy Hug, GemoU, Marchant, Breitenbach rplrov xz, ;

Dindorf (a third)

136

;

rb rphov y,

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

5-7

The Carians, however, and Cilicians and Paphlagonians, they say, have not joined the expedition, although they have been invited to do so. But the Assyrians, both those from Babylon and those from the rest of Aissyria, will bring, I think, not fewer than 20,000 horse and not fewer, I am sure, than 200 war-chariots, and a vast number of infantry, I suppose ; at any rate, they used to have as many as that whenever they invaded our country." 6. " You mean to say," said Cyms, " that the enemy have 60,000 horse and more than 200,000 peltasts and bowmen. And at how many, pray, do you estimate the number of your own forces ? " "There are," said he, "of the Medes more than 10,000 horse ; and the peltasts and bowmen might be, from a coimtry like ours, some 60,000 while from our neighbours, the Armenians, we shall get 4000 horse and 20,000 foot." "That is to say," said Cyrus, "we have less than one-fourth as many horsemen as the enemy and about half as many foot-soldiers." 7. " Tell me, then," said Cyaxares, " do you not consider the Persian force small which you say you are bringing "Yes," said Cyrus; "but we will consider later ;

.''

whether we need more men or not. Now tell me," he went on, "what each party's method of fighting is."

" About the same with all," said Cyaxares ; " for bowmen and spearmen both on their side and on ours." "Well then," said Cyrus, "as their arms are of that sort, we must fight at long range." there are

137

Their

^^^

**'

XENOPHON 8.

AvdyKT) lyhp ovv,

OvKOVV iv TOVTM TToXv yap av Oarrov

€(f)r}

6 Kva^cipijt;.

fM€V rSiV TrXeiOVCOV

oi

6\t,yoi

riTpcoa-Ko/jLevot avaXcoOelrja-av

f)

r)

VIKT}'

twv ttoWcov iroWoi vtto t(ov

vtto oi

oXiycov.^

Et ovv ovTW^ ^%^*> ^ Kvpe, rl av dWo KpeiTTov evpot rj irefnreiv eU Ile/Jcra?, koI a/xa hihdcTKetv avTov<;

Wepaa^ to

on

Beivov

et ri Trelaovrai,

ap,a

rj^et,,

8e

ti<;

fiev

Mr^Sot, et?

airelv

irXelov

arpdrevfia; 'AX\a TOVTO pev, e
he

eU

crdyapLf

rj

7rapa(TKevdar}(;, rjplv

rrjv

pev

€vavrioi<; levai dcrtpaXetrrarov, rot?

ro

Kav ravra

Se^idv

Troirjcreifi

ro opocre

rol<;

TroXe/Atot?

he

rdrrop,ev he, oi ye iirl rov
rj

rb p,eveiv alpercorepov.

prjre dvaarpec^eaOai. 10.

KO/009 pev ovr(o<; eXe^c

tc5

he

K-va^dprj

' OiiKovv 6\iywv erroneously given to Cyaxares by Hug, Gemoll, Marchant. 2 fifveiv ipevyeiy xz, Sauppe {to make their y, most Edd. .

.

.

;

tsrape).

138

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

8-10

"Yes," said Cyaxares, "that will be necessar}\" " In that case, then, the victory will be with the side that has the greater numbers for the few would be wounded and killed off by the many sooner than the many by the few." "If that is so, C}Tus, then what better plan could any one think of than to send to Persia to inform them that if anything happens to the Medes, the danger will extend to the Persians, and at the " same time to ask for a larger army ? " Why," said Cyrus, "let me assure you that even though all the Persians were to come, we should not surpass the enemy in point of numbers." " 9. " What better plan do you see than this ? " If I were you," said Cyrus, "I should as quickly Proposed as possible have armour made for all the Persians t^n^the P«'^ian who are coming here just like that of the so-called commouere peers who are coming from our country that is, a corselet to wear about the breast, a small shield upon the left arm, and a scimitar or sabre in the right And if you provide these weapons, you will hand. 8.

;

—

make

it

the safest procedure for us to fight at close

quarters with the enemy, while for the

enemy

flight

prove preferable to standing their ground. And it is for us," he continued, "to range ourselves against those who hold their ground, while those of them who run away we propose to leave to you and the cavalry, that they may have no chance to stand their ground or to turn back." 10. Thus Cyrus spoke. And to Cyaxares it seemed will

139

XENOPHON eBo^e re ev \iyeiv, Kal rov fiev TrXeiof? /ieraTre/iTreaOat ovkbti efMefivrjTO, TrapeaKevd^ero Se oirXa Ta Trpoeiprjfueva. Kal (T')(eh6v re €TOip.a rjv koI tmv Tlepawv ol ofioTi/xoi Trapfjaav e^ovTei? to aTro Uepcrcov (rrpdrevfia. 11.

Rvravda

St]

elireiv

ayaycbv avTOV'i' "AvSpa

Xeyerai (f)l,\oi,

6

iyoi

KOyoo? avvvfid
avTov<; fiev KadcoTrXiafievov; outo) koL rat? 7rap€aKevacr/j.€iov
')(€tpa<;

Toy? Be iirofievovi

cfufifii^ovTa^ toI^

vfxlv Tiepcra^ yiyvd)-

(TK(OV OTl OVTCO
TaTQ)

Ta')(devTe<;

fid')(e(TdaL,

opwv

yfrv^^al^;

eBeiaa

fir)

TTpoao)oXiyoi,

Kal epripoL o-u/.i/id^twi^ av/XTri7rT0VT6<; noXep.loi'i 7roXXoi9 TrddoiTC ri. vvv ovv, e^, awfiaTa [xev eyovre^ dvBpoiv ^Kere ov p^efiTrrd' oTrXa Be earai avTol
eaovrai.

'O

ol S' rjaO-qaav fiev 7r\€wv'r], Tt elirelv virep r)p,o)v, orav rd onrXa Xafi^dvcoacv 12.

p,ev

ovT(i}<;

elirev

7rdvT€<;, vo/iL^ovTe<; /xerd

dXXd yiyvdiaKW iKavardrcov Kal ev Kal KaK(b
ydp,

T&v

€(f)7),

ol

rcov

o/ioicov, o//.<w9 [iei^ovo
0dvovTe
140

on

Kal vvv,

€(p7],

avrd TLfx,a>vrai ol XafiUepaac Trapaardrai

ol

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

10-13

that he spoke to the point ; and he no longer talked of sending for reinforcements, but he set about procuring the arms as suggested. And they were almost ready when the Persian peers came with the

army from

Persia.

Cyrus is said to have called the Cyras peers together and said " xMy friends When I saw ^ ?he^n. you thus equipped and ready in heart to grapple with "^^^^ the enemy in a hand-to-liand encounter, and when I chan^*^ observed that those Persians who follow you are so armed as to do their fighting standing as far off as 11. Thereup)on

:

possible, I

:

was afraid lest, few in number and unaccom-

panied by others to support you, you might fall in with a large division of the enemy and come to some harm. Now then," said he, "you have brought with you men blameless in bodUy strength and they are to have arms like ours but to steel their hearts is our task for it is not the whole duty of an officer to show himself valiant, but he must also take care that his men be as valiant as possible." And they were all delighted, 12. Thus he spoke. for they thought they were going into battle with more to support them. And one of them also spoke as follows: 13. "Now," he began, "it will perhaps sound strange if I advise Cyrus to say something on our behalf, when those who are to fight along with us receive their arms. But I venture the suggestion, for I know that when men have most power to do both good and ill. then their words also are the most likely to sink deep into the hearts of the hearers. And if such persons give presents, even though the gifts be of less worth than those given by equals, still the recipients value them more highly. And now," said he, " our Persian comrades will be more ;

;

;

141

XENOPHON Kvpov iroXv

VTTO

fjLoXXov r]cr6ri
rj

v

rj/MCov

Kadtcnufxevoi, /3ey3atOTep&)9 (Tt^laiv Tjj7]aovTai ex^i'V tovto biro 0acn\€O)
irapaKoXovixevoi, et9 re Tov
6fj^oTLfi,ov
aTrelvac fievToi ouSe to, 7)/xeT€pa XP^'h "'^^^ ttuvtI Tpoiro) Sel TOiV avhpSiv drjyecv TrdvTO)^ to (jjpoi'Tjfia. rjpZv

yap

/SeXTiot-e?

ecTTav tovto yevwvTai.

OvTco

14.

picrov

/cat

hrj 6

p^;/37;<7i/i.ov

Kvyoo? KaTaOel^

avyKa\e(Ta
15.

ti

to,

av o^Tot

oirka

eh

to

Toy?

Uepa&i'

"AvSpa

Tlepaai,

TrcivTWi

(TTpaTKOTa^ eXe^e ToidSe' KoX

6

avTTJ ijplv Kol iTpdT]T€, Koi TO, crcopaTa re ovSev ijpMV x^^pova e^ere, i^ry^a? upel
€(f>VTe

ev

Trj

T€ ovSev KUKLovaq vplv TrpoarjKei rjficov ^x^iv. TotovTOL B ovTe^ iv per ttj iraTpi^L ov /ieretp^ere t5>v Xacdv rjplv, ovx b(f)^ Tjpcov aTvekadevTe^ a)OC uTTo Tov TdTTLTrjheia dvdyKT)v vplv elvat, iropC^eaOat, vvv he oirwi pev raOra €^€T€ ip,ol peX.'^crei (Tvv Tol'i deol<;' e^eaTi 8' vplv, el ^ovXeaOe, Xa^ov Ta<; oirXa oluTrep i]pei
After ^x^Mf xz and

Xfipoves

142

711J.UV

iffre

(in

the margin)

F add

/col

«1

n

(although you are somewhat inferior to u»).

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

13-16

highly pleased to be exhorted by Cyrus than by us and when they have taken their place among the peers they will feel that they hold this honour with more security because conferred by their prince and their general than ii the same honour were bestowed by us. However, our co-operation must not be wanting, but in every way and by all means we must steel the hearts of our men. For the braver these men are, the more to our advantage it will be." 14. Accordingly, Cyrus had the arms brought in and arranged to view, and calling all the Persian soldiers together he spoke as follows 15. " Fellowcitizens of Persia, you were bom and bred upon the same soil as we the bodies you have are no whit inferior to ours, and it is not likely that you have hearts in the least less brave than our own. In spite of this, in our own coxmtry you did not enjoy equal pri\ileges with us, not because you were excluded from them by us, but because you were obliged to earn your own livelihood. Now, however, with the help of the gods, I shall see to it that vou are provided with the necessaries of life and you are j)ermitted, if you wish, to receive arms like ours, to face the same danger as we, and, if any fair success crowns our enterprise, to be counted worthy :

;

;

of an equal share with

us.

" Now, up to this time you have been bowmen and lancers, and so have we ; and if you were not quite our equals in the use of these arms, there is nothing surprising about that; for you had not the leisure to practise with them that we had. But %\-ith this equipment we shall have no advantage over you. In any case, every man will have a corselet fitted to his 16.

143

cyroa

^nounce« proposed

^^"S^ commonei*

XENOPHON kKoxnm earai, eiOiafieda Se^ia,

T)

he.

iv rfj apiarepa, o Travre^

/xd'y^aipa

8k

rj

adyapi^; iv

rfj

iraUiv Tov
8r)

(jiv\arrofjLevov<;

Tt

lyeppov

(f>op€iv,

jxr]

tc 7rai,ovre
ovv av iv TOvroi
7r\r]v ToXfir}; rjv

ovSev

inroTp€
VLKr}<;

17. qjJLWv

Sia(f>epoi

vfitv rJTrov Trpocr^KCC

rj

re yap eTriOvfieiv,

^fiiv

^

ra

KoXa irdvra kul rdyadcL Krdrai re koL acio^ec, ri fxdWov rjiuv rj vfilv rrpoarJKei; Kpdrov<; re, o irdvra rh rwv tjTrovcov rot? Kpetrrocn hwpeirai, ri elKO
TeXo?

elrrev,

'AKrjKoare irdvra'

opdre rd

XPV^^^ XafijBaverw ravra /cal diro7rpo9 rbv ra^iap')(ov eh rr)v ofxoi'av

oTrXa* o fiev
rd^cv

I'jfitv

orcp

S'

dpKel iv ixL(x6o<^opov

x^PI

elvat, Karafieverco iv rot? vTrr}peTiKoi<{ 07r\oc<;.

'O fxev ovrax; elrrev. 19. dKovaavre
(l>ovrai 7rdvre<;

20. 'Ey levai,

daKetv

144

drroypd-

fiev

ovheirw, iv

rd

rovrw irreipdro

crciofiara rtav

fieff

6

eavrov

StSdcrKeiv 8e rd raxriKa, drp/eiv he eh rd rrdXefxiKd. 21. koI rrpwrov fiev irapd Kva^dpov V7rrjpera
la)(yv,

rd
XajScDv

8r)

irdvre^.

8e ol rroXefiLOi iXeyovro fiev irpoa-

rrapyjaav Sk

K.vpo
o5

ovrco

dveXa^ov re rd ottXu

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

16-21

breast, upon his left arm a shield, such as we have all been accustomed to carry, and in his right hand a sabre or scimitar with which, you see, we must strike those opposed to us at such close range that we need not fear to miss our aim when we strike. 17. In this armour, then, how could any one of us have the advantage over another except in courage And this it is proper for you to cherish in your hearts no less than we. For why is it more proper for us than for you to desire victory, which gains and keeps safe all things beautiful and all things good And what reason is there that we, any more than you, should desire that superiority in arms which gives to the victors all the belongings of .''

.''

the vanquished

}

"You

have heard all," he said in conclusion. " You see your arms whosoever will, let him take them and have his name enrolled with the captain But whosoever is in the same companies with us. satisfied to be in the position of a mercenary, let him remain in the armoiu- of the hired soldiery." Thus he spoke. 19. And when the Persians heard The it, they thought that if they were xmwQling to ^^™°°"" 18.

;

when in\ited to share the same toils and enjoy the same rewards, they should deserve to live

accept,

want through all time. And so they were enrolled and all took up the arms. 20. And while the enemy were said to

in

all

be approaching but had not yet come, Cyrus tried to develop the physical strength of his men, to teach

them 21.

tactics,

And

first

Cyaxares and

and of

all

to

steel

their hearts

for

war.

he received quartermasters from

commanded them

to furnish ready

made

M5

PreiiminMy '*'^

XENOPHON eKaaroi^ tSw aTparKOToiiv iKavwf; ^ cov iSeovro Trdvra TreTTOLii^fieva 'rrapacr^elv tovto 8k nrapa(TKevdara^ ovhev avTOtl TOP TToXe/jLov, eKelvo Bokcov Karafie/xadi]Kevai on ovroi KpariaroL cKaara yiyvovTac oi av d
€17)

Tot9

"TToXe/jLLOif;,

ofioXoyrjTeop

rj

/ii/Sei'o?

tovto Se y^aXe'nov ofMOelhwaip oti ovBe Si' ep

elvat d^t,ov
dp

Xoyrjaai oiTipe^ dXXo TpecpoPTai

07r&J9

rj

/J.a')(ovpTa(.

virep

tmp

otl

irepl

Tpe
22. "Ert

TovTOif

7rpo9

Se

evvorjaaf;

dp iyyePoypTai dpdpd)7roiiXopiKiat,^ fidXXop iOeXovcri TavT daKeip, dyoipd^i tc

OTTOcrcop

TToXi)

oiroaa eyiypaxTKep aTpaTtcoTcop Kal Trpoelire TaBe, IBkottj fiep iavTov TTape')(6ip evTreidP] T0t9 dp)(^ovcrt Kal edeXoirovop Kal (f)tXoKLpBvpov /jL€t^ evTa^La<; Kal iirLO-Ti'ipiopa tmp aTpaTicoTLKcop Kal ^lXokoXop Trepl oir'Xa Kal (^iXoTifiop irrl Trdai uTrdvTcop

TrpoetTrep

avToi
daKelaOai dyaOop

elpai

viro

Tot9 TOiovTot,
BvpaTOP TOtavTTjp BexdBa d>(TavT(M}
7rape)(^eip,

\o^aya>

^

Ikcw&s Castalio,

Edd.

'

iyyfvuvrat

(piKoviKiai

vrirai

146

.

.

.

.

.

.

^iKovtiKla

y

;

;

M8S.

iKavovs

Hug,

yti'ui'rat

.

.

BeKaBdp^cp Be ttjp top Xoxop, Kal

Be

Genioll, .

Marchant

;

^77/-

(pikovdKiai xz, Diudorf.

CYUOPAEDIA,

II.

i.

21-22

each of the soldiers a liberal supply of everything And when he had provided for this, he had left them nothing to do but to practise the arts of war, for he thought he had observed that those became best in any given thing who gave up paying attention to many things and devoted themselves to that alone. So, in the drill itself he relieved them of even the practice with bow and spear and left them only the drill with sword and shield and breastplate. And so he at once brought home to them the conviction that they must go into a hand-to-hand encounter with the enemy or else admit that as allies they were good for nothing. But such an admission is hard for those who know that they are being maintained for no other purpose than to fight for those who maintain them. for

that he needed.

22.

And

as, in addition to this,

he had further

CompetitiT«

people are much more willing to ^'^ practise those things in which they have rivalry among themselves, he appointed contests for them in everything that he knew it was important for soldiers to practise. What he proposed was as follows to the private soldier, that he show himself obedient to the officers, ready for hardship, eager for danger but subject to good disciphne, familiar with the duties required of a soldier, neat in the care of his equipment, and ambitious about all such matters ; to the corporal, that, besides being himself like the good private, he make his squad of five a model, as far as possible to the sergeant, that he do likewise with his squad of ten, and the Ueutenant observed

that

;

M7

XENOPHON KaX Twv u^' avr(p ap-yovToav

ap ap^uxTL irapi^ovai

^A6\a

23.

adat

ottco'?

Ta
T&v S

eaeadai,

ra^idp^tov

eKeivot

'x^copa'i

8i Xo'^a'ySiv

rcov

Xo^oui?

iTrava^rjaeadai,

'X^oopa'i

tmv

ra?

et?

KaraarijcreaOai, tmv

7r€p,7ra8dp^a)V maavTO)^ et9 ra^

TMV

irep.irahdp-)(oi>v.

TrpcoTov

dp^opbevcov,

^e

vTrrjpx'^

S*

'rracrc

CTreiTa Se KaX

Tovroif

Tt ev ra> eiriovn y^povw

ra^

Toh

viro

tmv

aXKat Tipal at

irpe-

TTOvaai eKaaroi^ avp/irapenrovro. Be KaX p,eL^ov€
av

heKahdp')(a>v,

depaTreveadai

pev

ot

aTroSeiKvvvai,

Tbiv ye p,r]v ISicotcov tov^ Kparia-TevovTai; et9

dp^ovai

ft)9

rd^ei
av BcKaSdp'^cdv rov^ KpaTL(XTOv
Xop^a7wy

av &v

pev Ta^idp^ot<;

TOt
So^eiav toi"?

ratv

eTrifiiXea-Oai

Biovra 7roiovvTa<;.

Se Trpovcprjve

'x^iXidp'X^ov'i

Kpariarovi

T(i)v

to,

Kparicna^ h6^avra
TOV
etV

ovra

aveiriKK'qrov avrov

Ta^idp')(^co

rot?

iiraveTelvovTo

d^ioi
dyaOov

eiraivov,

el

pbel^ov (f)avoiTo.^

24. TTpoecTre Be viKtjT'^pia KaX 6\ai
vaX oXoi<; T0t9

\6'^oi<;,

KaX rai^ BcKdaiv axravrco^

KaX Tat? irep-irdaLV, at av

^

(fyavvcovrai

^ (pavoiTo Cobet, most Edd. ; (palvoiro MSS., Breitenbach. ' at tLv Dindorf, most Edd. ; iav AISS., Sauppe.

148

evmaroDindorf,

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

22-24

with his platoon^; and to the captain, that he be unexceptionable himself and see to it that the officers under him get those whom they command

do their duty.

to

As rewards, moreover, he offered the following Bew»rrU ™*^" the case of captains, those who were thought to ° have got their companies into the best condition should be made colonels of the lieutenants, those who were tliouglit to have put their platoons into the best condition should be advanced to the rank of captains ; of the sergeants, those who were the most meritorious should be promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the same way, the best of the corporals should be promoted to the rank of sergeants and finally of the privates, the best should be advanced to the rank of corporal. Moreover, all these officers not only had a right to claim the respect of their subordinates, but other distinctions also appropriate to each office followed in course. And to those who should deserve praise still greater hopes were held out, in case in time to come any greater good fortune should befall. 24. Besides, he offered 23.

:

in

;

;

;

whole companies and to whole platoons and to squads of ten and of five likewise, if they showed themselves implicitly obedient to the

prizes of victory to

^

'

The

divisions of Cyrus's JHviHon

"^^^ds

army were

H S^^U)

""'^1q^ds}=r^''TA^x
companies

10 regimenta

={^ '^'"(^^f^) =|^ '"^[^XootJ?)

^^

as follows

:

Total

Officer

}

•••

»«Keant(*«.^,o.)

}-"e«tona.t(.Vox.^) }

••

} "

''"^ptoorvs) }

•

captaJn (Taf.'apxw) '''''°"*'

(X<^'«PXo«)

8«»««»1 (Mvp«VXo«)

...

10

..-

50

.

-

100 1,000

•• 10,000

149

XENOPHON rarai

ap-)(ovaiv

toI<;

da-Kovcrai

koX

olxrac

irpoeiprjueva.

to,

irpoOvfiorara he

rjv

ra

TavraL
vLKTfTrjpLa ola Sr) et? TrXrjOo'? npeTrei.

Tavra uev

Brj

koI

re

Trpoeipr/To

rjCTKelTo

i)

(JTparid. 25.

oaoi

'S./crjva'i

elvai

icK'^vovv

av8p€<;.

T^

iv he

XetcrOai ecopcijv

ivrjv

/xev

rj

8e^

rd^i
iKavd^

eKUTov

Kara rd^eii;' avrw to^e-

ovtco

Bi]

tjv

ofiov aKTjvovv ehoKovv fiev 7r/jo
top fieWovra

d\Xi]Xov(i

irpo^aai^

KaKLco

kKacrTrj'

7r\rj0o
wcrre

Se

fiiyeOo^

rjorav,

rd^ei

rfi

avToh KareaKevaa-e,

S'

Ta^lap-^oi

koI

fjieiove^iWi ooare vcpUcrOaC

erepov eripov elvai

on

rovro

dySiva

Tpe(pop,evov
ofioio)^

ovk

Tiva
^

rov^ noXejxLOv^.

irpo'i

ihoKOvv avT& kuI

irpo^;

to yiyvw-

(TKeiv aXkr]Xov<^ 6/jlov (TKrjvovvre
iv he

tw

8'

oxpeXeladai,

(TKeadai

kclI

yiyvco-

to ala^vveadac irdat hoKel fidXXov

eyyiyveaOai, ol he dyvoovpievoi pahtovpyelv ttco^; fiaXXov hoKOvaiv, axrirep ev (tkotu ovre^. 26. ehoKovv 8' avTW Koi eh to to.^ Td^ei^; dxpi/Sovv

fieydXa

yap

hid

(tx^eXela-Qai

tt}v

ava-Kr^viav.

el'^ov

Ta^lap^oi v<j) eavTol
fiev

* iKitrrri^

ISO

Tivas

t)

5? y,

Hug,

most Edd.

later

Edd.

;

;

ripa

iKdcrrr] 5*

MSS-,

^ z

;

earlier

l/fao-rrj

Edd.

8e x.

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

24-27

and very ready in performing the afore mentioned duties. And the prizes of victory for these divisions were just such as were appropriate to groups of men. Such, then, were the competitions appointed, and the army began to train for them. 25. Then, he had tents made for them in number, Tenting by '=''™p*'i'®* as many as there were captains in size, large enough to accommodate each a company. A company, moreover, was composed of a hundred men. Accordingly, they lived in tents each company by itself; for Cyrus thought that in occupying tents together they had the following advantages for the coming conflict: they saw one another provided for in the same way, and there could be no possible pretext of unjust discrimination that could lead any one to allow himself to prove less brave than another in the face of the enemy. And he thought that if they tented together it would help them to get acquainted with one another. And in getting acquainted with one another, he thought, a feeling of considerateness was more likely to be engendered in them all, while those who are unacquainted seem somehow more indifferent like people when they are in the dark. 26. He thought also that their tenting together helped them not a little to gain a perfect acquaintance with their positions. For the captains had the companies under them in as perfect order as when a company was marching single file, and the lieutenants their platoons, and the sergeants and corporals their squads in the same way. 27. He thought, moreover, officers

—

;

—

that such

perfect acquaintance

with

their places

was exceedingly helpful both to prevent their being thrown into confusion and to restore in the line

151

XENOPHON Xidcov Koi ^v\cov av Berj a-vvapfwadrjvai, kuv ottolxtovv Kara^e/SXrjfieva rv^i(rj, crvvapfioaai avra evTrero)^, rjv e')(r] yvtopiafiaTa war ev8r}\ov elvat, e^ 6iToia
7€

/cat

eari,

Kol

Tp€
TT/oo?

on

airoXeiireiv,

TO tjttov aXXijXov^

ecopa koI

t^

Beivov e')(QVTa irodov,

(f)6/jL€va

drjpla

eOeKeiv

ra

crvvrpe-

avTo, hiaaira

rjv Ti
air aXkrfKmv. 29. ^Fi7refj,e\€T0 Be koI tovtov

av'iBpwToi

fjitjirore

TO

Belrrvov

IBpcoTa

elaioLev.

avTol<;

€^r]vpi(TK€V at

Trpd^ai

€L

Kol

TTOvelv,

elvai oi

efxeWov

Kal

iBpa>ra

firf

TO

Kal

'iTape')(etv,

tovto yap

iiravloiev dviBpcoTL.

tt/jo?

Kal

vyiaiv€iv

7r/009

dyadov

to ^Sew? iadtecv to

to

irpo^

Be

dXki]Xoc
rjyeiTO toi'9

irovovq

elvai

BuvacrOai

TrpaoTepov;

elvai,

oti

Kal

avpmovovvTe'i aKXr]Koi<; TrpaorepoL avv-

ear'^Kao'C.

7rpo9

ye

firfv

Xo4>pove(TT€poi, ylyvovrai

ev

Toiavra^

iraiBia';

Trj<;

dyaOov

'iTTiToi

Orjpav i^dycov

iirl

rj

07r&)9

rj

Kol

7r/909

K.vpo<;

TL Beo^ieva Tvypi', ovTOi^ i^TjyeiTo

irpd^eax; o)? r/yetTO

jap

rj

Tra/oet^ei',

6

to apicnov koI

iirX

"yevofjijevoi,

o't

Tov
av

7ro\efiiov
p^a-

(TVveiBcoa-iv eai/Tot?

'^cTKTjKore';.

30. KO/309 S'

&(TTe iKavrjv Be

ft)9

eavTM

e')(eiv ol<;

a-KrjvrjV fiev

KaXoirj

Karecr KevdtraTo

ejrl Belfrvov.

CKaXec

ra ttoWo, twv Ta^idp^cov ov^ Kaipo^ avTw

BoKoirj elvai, eaTi

5'

oVe Kal

to>v

\o')(ay&v Kal

152

I

CYROPAEDIA,

11,

i.

27-30

order sooner in case they should be thrown into confusion just as in the case of stones and timbers which must be fitted together, it is possible to fit them together readily, no matter in how great confusion they may chance to have been thrown down, ;

they have the guide-marks to make it plain in what place each of them belongs. 28. And finally, he thought that comradeship would be encouraged by their messing together and that they would be less likely to desert one another ; for he had often observed that even animals that were fed together had a marvellous yearning for one another, if any one separated them. 29. Cyrus also took care that they should never Physical come to luncheon or to dinner unless they had had a c*^^-,"* sweat. For he would get them into a sweat by discipUn* taking them out hunting ; or he would contrive such sports as would make them sweat ; or again, if he happened to have some business or other to attend to, he so conducted it that they should not come back without having had a sweat. For this he considered conducive to their enjoying their meals, to their health, and to their being able to endure hardships, and he thought that hardships conduced to their being more reasonable toward one another, for even horses that work together stand more quietly together. At any rate, those who are conscious that they have been well drilled are certainly more courageous in the face of the enemy. 30. And for himself Cyrus had a tent made big Cyms'* enough to accommodate all whom he might invite to "^^it«'^»<«" dinner. Now he usually invited as many of the captains as he thought proper, and sometimes also some of the lieutenants and sergeants and corporals ; if

^53

XENOPHON Twv Be/caSap^wv rcva^ koI twv TrefiTraBdp^cov eKoXec, ear I 8' ore koI rwv a-rpariwrMv, ecrrc 8' ore Koi irefiirdha oXrjv koI SeKaSa oXijv koX Xoyov oXov KoX rd^tv oXrjv. exdXei Se koI irtfia OTTore riva^ iSoi roiovrov ri iroirjaavra'i o avro'i^ e^ovXero iroielv. tjv Be ra TrapariOefjLeva del laa avru) re koi rol
t
rifidv

d^iov

eBo/cec

eTroier ovBev

del

avrw

elvat,

toi»9

"yap rjrrov d/j,(f)l

ra

ovre KrjpvKcov ovre rrpeaKal yap Tricrrov^ -^yelro Beiv elvat rovrov^ fiecov. Kul e7ri,artjp.ova<; rSiv crrparicorcKcov Kal avverov<;, Trpoaert Be Kal a(f)oBpov<; Kal ra-^el
v'irrjpera
II

ovv eirepbeXero o K-vpa, otrbre ev^apicrroraroi re a/jia \oyoi ip0Xrj9ijaovrai Kal irapoppwyref; ei9 rdyadov. d(f)iK€To Be Kal 6t9 rovBe irore rbv Xoyov 1.

'Aet

p,ev

av
07r(o
^Apd ye, €
avrhs xz, most Edd.

;

itavras y, Gemoll.

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

i.

30-ii.

i

and occasionally he invited some of the

privates,

sometimes a squad of five together, or a squad of ten, or a platoon, or a whole company in a body. And he also used to invite individuals as a mark of honour, whenever he saw that they had done what he himself wished everybody to do. And the same dishes were always placed before those whom he invited to dinner as before himself. 31. The quartermasters in the army he always The allowed an equal share of everything for he thought maste™ that it was fair to show no less regard for the pun'cvors of the army stores than for heralds or ambassadors. And that was reasonable, for he held that they must be trustworthy, familiar unth military affairs, and intelligent, and, in addition to that, energetic, quick, resolute, steady. And still further, Cyrus knew that the quartermasters also must have the qualities which those have who are considered most efficient and that they must train themselves not to refuse any service but to consider that it is their duty to perform whatever the general might require of them. ;

11 1. Whenever Cyrus entertained company at dinner, he always took pains that the conversation introduced should be as entertaining as possible and that it should incite to good. On one occasion he opened

the conversation as follows

:

"Tell me, men," said he, "do our new comrades seem to be any worse off than we because they have not been educated in the same way as we, or prav do you think that there will be no difference 155

Cjrug'i

^ente*'"

XENOPHON Btotaeiv

i)fio)v

ovt

iv rat? crvvovcriai,
aycovL^ecrO at tt/jo? Tot»? iTo\efUov
Kal

'T(TTdcnra<;

oirotoi fiev Tiv€
eaovrai

viroXa^cbv

;

elirev,

'AW

et? rov
eycoye iiricTTafxai' ev fiivroi

r-p

avvova-ia SvaKoXoi

vol fia Tou? deov^ evioi avr&v (fjalvovrac. irpwrjv fiev ye, €(f)r], Kva^dpr]<; eTre/i-v/rer et? rrjv rd^iv

Kal iyevero Kpea cKdarfp r}p,Siv koI TrXeio) rd irepi^epojieva. Kal rjp^aro

6/cdaT7]V lepeia,

rpua

rj

6 fidyeipo
fiev

TrepKJjipwv

3. dvuKpaycov ovv ti<; rS>v tov kvkXov KaraKecp^evcov (nparKorSyv Ar, e<^ri, TcavBe p,ev ovBev icrov iariv, etye a^' r}p,S)v ye t(ov ev peaw ovBel^ ovBerroTe dp^erai. Kal iyoo uKovcra^ rj^deaOrjv, et tc p,elov BoKolev 6 Be e^eiv, Kal eKoXeaa evdvopd';' KaTevo<; eXa/9e, KaT eBo^ev auTa> petov XajSeiv Kai /SaXei/ ovv^ o eka^ev co? eTepov \riy^6pevo
avdiraXiv

Kara

(fiepeiv.

p^etrov

Ma

* k3t' /ter' ifxe Sevrepos- ws 5' 6 rplros oiv xz, Edd. ^\a$e Kol iSo^ev avrhv fJ-ti^ov kavrov \a$e7v Kara^dWei y (next after me ; and lohen the third man loas served, and m,y man .

156

.

.

;

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

ii.

1-4

between us either in social intercourse or when we " shall have to contend with the enemy ? 2. " Well," said Hystaspas in reply, "for my part, a atory cannot tell yet how they will appear in the face of nianuer* the enemy. But in social intercourse, by the gods, some of them seem ill-mannered enough. The other day, at any rate," he explained, "Cyaxares had meat sent in to each company, and as it was passed around each one of us got three pieces or even more. And the first time round the cook began with me as he passed it around but when he came in the second time to pass it, I bade him begin Avith the 3. Then one last and pass it around the other way. of the men sitting in the middle of the circle called out and said, ' By Zeus, this is not fair at all at any rate, if they are never going to begin with us here in the middle.' And when I heard that, I was vexed that any one should think that he had less than another and I called him to me at once. He obeyed, showing good disciphne in this at least. But when that which was being passed came to us, only the smallest pieces were left, as one might expect, for we were the last to be ser\-ed. Thereupon he was greatly vexed and said to himself: ' Such luck that I should happen to have been called here just now 4. * Well, never mind,' said I. 'They will begin with us next time, and you, being first, will get the biggest piece.' And at that moment the cook began to pass around the third time what was left of the course and the man helped himself; and then he thought the piece he had taken too small ; so he put back the piece he had, with the intention of taking another. And the cook, I

;

—

!

!

'

;

thought his neighbour had got

down

etc.).

a

bigger piece than he, he threw

XENOPHON 6 dpTafio
ol6/j,€vo
7rapa(f>ep(ov

ivravda

5.

hr]

avrov ovhiv Ti helaOai 6'^ov, Trplv Xa^etv avrov erepov.

ovrco

^apeax;

)]veyK€

to

Tra^o?

ware avrfKoiTO fiev avTM o €iX't](f>€C o^jrov, o Sk en avTW \onr6v r}v rov ep/SuTTTeaOai, tovto tto)? vtto rv)(rj opjl^eaOai eK'ne'ifkrj-)(6ai re Koi rfj o fiev Brj Xo^aybf 6 8va9eTOvpevo<; ai'eTpeyjrev. eyyvTara r^pCjv l8(ov avveKpoTrjae ra> %et/?e kuI T& yeXcort T^vc^paivero. iyco jxevrot, ecfii], irpoaeovhe yap avTO^ eSvvdfiijv top TroLovp,r}v ^rjTreLV' yiXiora Karaa')(elv. toiovtov jxev hrj (rot eva, to

rov

KOpe,

T(t)v

'Ett^ 6.

eTaipcov einheLKVvco.

p,ev

dXXo^ Bi

8rj,

Si

Kupe,

8r)

wairep

TOVTO)

Ti? eXe^e

elKo
iyeXaaav.

tmv Ta^idp^oyv, Outo?

o)? eoLKev,

/xev

ovtq) Bva-KoXai iireTV^^ev.

Ta9 Ta^ei^ d7re7rep,-\jra<; Kal eKeXevaaf BtBdcrKeiv ttjp eavTOV exaarov Ta^iv a irapd aov epddop,ev, ovtco Brj koI eya>, axTirep Kal ol dXXoi eiroiovv, iXOonv eBlBacTKOV eva fcal aTrjaa
peapLa
iiropeveTo.

IBcop

tov Xo')(ayov irpoTepof; eiirop,

"ApOpcorre,

tI

Kal 09 €(f)r), Upoep^opai wcnrep av Kayo) elirop, 'AXV ovk iyw ere fiopop KeXeveL
.

Kay on

158

;

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

4-7

ii.

thinking that he did not want any more to cat, went on passing it before he got his other piece. 5. Thereupon he took his mishap so to heart that he lost not only the meat he had taken but also what was still left of his sauce for this last he upset somehow or other in the confusion of his vexation and anger over his hard luck. The lieutenant nearest us saw it and laughed and clapped his hands in amusement. And I," he added, " pretended to cough for even I could not keep from laughing. Such is one man, Cyrus, that I present to you as one of our comrades." At this they laughed, of course. G. But another a comical of the captains said " Our friend here, it seems, uterai"^ Cyrus, has fallen in with a very ill-mannered fellow, obedience But as for me, when you had instructed us about the arrangement of the lines and dismissed us with ;

;

:

orders each to teach his own company what we had learned from you, why then I went and proceeded to drill one platoon, just as the others also did. I assigned the lieutenant his place first and arranged next after him a young recruit, and the rest, as I thought proper. Then I took my stand out in front of them facing the platoon, and when it seemed to me to be the proper time, I gave the command to go aliead. 7. And that young recruit, mark you, stepped ahead of the lieutenant and marched in front of him And when I saw it, I said ' Fellow, what are you doing }' 'I am going ahead, as vou * Well,* ordered,' said he. said I, * I ordered not only you, but all to go ahead.' When he heard this, he turned about to his comrades and said ' Don't you hear him scolding? He orders us all to go ahead.' Then the men all ran past their lieutenant

—

!

:

:

159

XENOPHON TOP \o-)(a^ov yaav auTOi'9

HoTepo)

irpolevai, o

S"

p^p?;

ovk id.

\o^ayb
eXeyov, vvv yap 6 fiev KeXevei jal

i8v
TreideaOai

8ij

8. eVel Be 6

7r/)09 efii.

dve-x^copi^ev,

;

ravra

€70) fievroi iveyKoov

i^ ^PX^I^ ^^ Kara-xj^pia-a^ elirov firjSiva iSiv OTTiaOev KiveiaOat irpXv av 6 irpoaOev rjyijTat, dXka TovTO fiovov opav TrdvTa irpocrOev TTpacof;

eireaOai. 7rpo
9.

&>?

KoX

ifi€

S'

Ile/jo-a? rc
ei?

iKeXevcri

diricbv rjXOe

etnaToXi^v

rrjv

fie

rjv

eypay^a oiKuSe Bovvai, Kayco, 6 ydp \o;^a7o9 -pBei OTTOV eKeiro tj iirtaroXi], eKeXevaa avjov Spa/j,6vra iveyKelv

rrjv

iiriaroXrjv,

veavia
fiev Bi-j erpex^v, 6 Zk Xoxciy(p crvv avrra tcS Kol 6 dXXo'i he 7rd<; Xo'xp'i

tm

BcopaKL Koi rfi KOTTiZi,, IBmv eKelvov avverpeyov

KaX

tt}v eTrcaToXrjv.

(^epovre
tjkov

ovt(o<;,

e(f)r],

ol

dKpi^ol Trdvra rd irapd aov. 10. 0/ fiev Br) dXXoi tu? 6tVo9 iyeXwv

Xoxo'i

dvBpa

6 y

e/i09

croi

tt}?

Bopv
*n ZeO KOI

6

€7ri(JToXrj
7rdvTe<} Oeoi, olou<;

Kupo?

Be

dpa

eirX

rfj

elirev,

^/iet«? e^x^Ofxev

dvBpa<; eraLpov;, oX ye eia-lv

evdepdirevroi /xev ovTco
uxTT

Tndavol 8' ovrax; elai to irpocrraTronevov irpo670) p,ev ovk olBa iroiovt Tivd
Xov<;
irpXv elBevai

repop Trecdovrai. p,dXXov ev^aadao

'X^pr/

rj

roiovTov<;

arparKora^

ex'^iv.

11.

'O

p,ev Bt) Kt)/)09 dp.a

TOv
ev Be

rfj

yeX&v

ovtco<; eirrfveae

aKrjvfj

T&v Ta^idpxf>>v *AyXaiTdBa
irvyxave

Tt9

ovofia, dvrjp rov

TpoTTOv roiv (rTpi(f)voTep(op dvOpcoTTcov, 09 ovTuxri

160

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

ii,

7-1

and came toward me. 8. But when the lieutenant ordered them back to their places, they were indignant and said Pray, which one are we to obey ? For now the one orders us to go ahead, and '

:

the other will not let naturedly, however, and

us.'

when

took

I

this

good-

had got them in position again, I gave instructions that no one of those behind should stir before the one in front led off, but that all should have their attention on this only to follow the man in front. 9. But Avhen a certain man who was about to start for Persia came up and asked me for the letter which I had written home, I bade the lieutenant run and fetch it, for he knew where it had been placed. So he started off on a run, and that young recruit followed, as he was, breastplate and sword and then the whole I

—

;

seeing him run, ran after. And the men came back bringing the letter. So exactly, you see, does my company, at least, carry out all your orders." 10. The rest, of course, laughed over the military escort of the letter, and Cyrus said " Zeus and all the gods What sort of men we have then as our comrades; they are so easily won by kindness that we can make many of them our firm friends with even a little piece of meat and they are so obedient that they obey even before the orders are given. I, for my part, do not know what sort of soldiers one could ask to have in preference to these !" 11. Thus Cyrus praised his soldiers, laughing at obj^-Mon* the same time. But one of his captains, Aglaitadas l^^t^}" 1 both stories L r 1 by name, one ora j.\ the mostL austere of men, happened to be in Cyrus's tent at the same time and he spoke somewhat as follows " You don't mean to say, fifty,

:

O

!

;

I

:

161

XENOPHON 'H

eiTTev

7r&)9

ryap

otei,

€(f)r),

w Kvpe,

tovtov^

Xeyeiv ravra;

dXtjdfj

'AWa

firjv

Ti>

^ovXofievot,

e(f)r]

6 Kvpo<;,

y^ev-

hovrai;

Tt

S'

aWo

Te9 vTrep 12.

oi)

Kat

y, €(f>r), el fir] yeKxara iroieiv ideXovXeyovat ravra Kal aXa^ovevovrai. K{)/)09, ^v<pr]fj,ec, e(f)i], fjurjSe Xiye

6 aXal^oov aXa^oi'Wi elvai rovrov^. fxev yap epLOiye 8ok€i ovofxa Keladac eirX T0i9 Trpoairoiovfievoiav€poL
yeXora

)(ava)pi6V0L

T0t9

crvvovat

prjre

cttI

rS)

avrSiv KepSei prjr errl ^rjpla rwv aKovovrmv fiijre eVt pXdfir) pijSepia, 7rto9 ov^ ovroi dcrrelot civ Kal ev\dpLre^ StKaiorepov ovopd^oivro p,dXXov rj

dXa^ove^; 13. 'O p,6v Srj Ki)/>09 ovrco'} drreXoyricyaro irepl rfav rov yeXcora Trapaaxovrcov avr6<; 8e 6 ra^iap-)(0'i ^ 6 rrjv rov X6)(pv ')(apiriav 8t,7)yr]adp,evo
*

&

ra^lapxos

\ox»y^i MSS.

162

;

Zeune,

Dindorf,

[d \oxay6s'i

Gemoll,

Breitenbach

Bornemann, Marchant.

;

6

CYROPAEDIA, Cyrus, that you think " is true ?

II.

ii.

11-14

what these fellows have been

telling

" Well," said Cyrus, " what object could they have, pray, in telling a lie

" ?

"What object, indeed," said the other, "except that they wanted to raise a laugh ; and so the}- tell these stories and try to humbug us." " Don't call these men 12. " Hush " said Cyrus. !

For to me, the name humbug seems to apply to those who pretend that they are richer than they are or braver than they are, and to those who promise to do what they cannot do, and that, too, when it is evident that they do this only for the sake of getting something or making some gain. But those who invent stories to amuse their companions and not for their own gain nor at the expense of their hearers nor to the injury of any one, why should these men not be called 'witty' and " ' entertaining rather than ' humbugs ? 13. Thus Cyrus defended those who had furnished isitbettw the fun, and the captain himself who had told the men^augh anecdote about his platoon said " Verily, Aglaitadas, '*'*° we«pf

humbugs.

'

'

'

'

:

you might find serious fault with us, if we tried to make you weep, like some authors who invent touching incidents in their poems and stories and try to move us to tears but now, although you vourself know that we wish to entertain you and not to do you any harm at all, still you heap such reproaches upon us." 14. "Aye, by Zeus," said Aglaitadas, "and justly. ;

XENOPHON eVet

ye, Toixi

a^ia

koi

(f>iXov(;

avrov rod K\aiovTa<; ^ KaOi^ovro^ TToXXa^oO efioije 8ok€i ekdrrovo^

SiaTrpdrreadai

v(Ofi€vo^,

6 yiXcora avTol^ f^VX^' Se koI try, -^v 6pdoi<; Xoyi^r),

evpt]creL<;

i^e a\r)6i) Xeyovra. vloi
a(0(f>poauuriv

dyada

TTULcrlv

xXavfiaai

fiiv
koI iraTepe^

koX

SiBdaKoKoL

pbrf'^avSiVTaL

fiadrjfiara, koX vofioi ye 7roXi,Ta
Sia rod K\aiovra
'\{rv^d^ oIkovoacofiara dxjieXoOvra^ rj TroXtTiKoorepaf 15. 'E/c TOVTOV 6 "TardaTraf; eoSe Treo? etTre' eiirelv

rj

-fj

p.iKa)Tepa
iu,

€
w ^AyXaiTdSa,

rjv

i/Mol

irelOr],

eU

jxev

Oappojv 8a7rav^aei
K.al 6 Ta^iap')(^o
dpa efTTLV

€7rel

iKTpL'\frei€V

rj

^

elire,

eK ye crov

TpoTTOv

iTrefieiBiaae. * ^

164

p,d

A", dv6r}T0^ paov dv rt?

yeXcoTU e^aydyoiro.

16. 'EttI rovTQ) fiev

TOV

Nat

rrrvp, ol/iai,

et'Sore?

xal 6

8r} o'i re dXXoi eyeXaaav, AyXalrdBwi avTOV, 6 t' '

K.vpo
l8(ov

avrov

/rXaifif MSS. KXdoyras Cobet, Edd. Koxayis Ta^iapxos Philelphua, Edd.

;

;

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

ii.

14-16

he that makes his friends laugh seems to them much less service than he who makes them weep and if you will look at it rightly, you, too, At any rate, fathers Mrill find that I speak the truth. develop self-control in their sons by making them too, since

me

to do

;

weep, and teachers impress good lessons upon their pupils in the same way, and the laws, too, turn the But citizens to justice by making them weep. could you say that those who make us laugh either do good to our bodies or make our minds any more fitted for the management of our private business or " of the affairs of state ? answered somewhat as Hystaspas Hereupon 15. follows " If you will heed me, Aglaitadas, you will freely expend this very valuable commodity upon your enemies and will try to set them to weeping but upon us and your friends here you will please to And you can, for lavish this cheap article, laughter. I know you must have a great quantity of it stored up for you have never spent it upon yourself nor do you ever afford any laughter for your friends or for your enemies if you can help it. So you have no excuse for begrudging us a laugh." " What " said Aglaitadas " do you really think, " Hystaspas, to get a laugh out of me ? " Well, by Zeus," said the other captain, "he is a very foolish fellow, let me tell you, if he does for I believe one might rub fire out of you more easily than provoke a laugh from you." 16. At this, of course, the rest laughed; for they knew his character, and Aglaitadas himself smiled at the sally. And Cyrus seeing him brighten up said :

;

!

;

;

:

T65

XENOPHON 0ima,

'ASi/cet?,

on

ra^iap'^e,^

3)

e<j)ij,

avZpa

qfiiv

TOP cTTOvSaioraTov hia^deipeL<; yeXdv avaireiBcov, Koi ravra, €4>r}, ovtoo iroXifiiov ovra tm jeXcoTt. 17. Tavra ivravBa fiev 8rf rovTov Xpva-dvra^ wSe eXe^ev ecpr],

eX-q^ev.

€k

'AW'

18.

KO/je koX iravre'; ol -jrapovTe^, evvow

0)

he

iydo,

on

(Tvve^ekrfKvOacn fiev rjfuv ol fiev koX ^e\TCove
ovtol

d^Kocrovcriv

ovSev

eycoye elvai

tov

rj

Be

Trdvre^

dviadoTepov i
n

Icro/xotpetv.

iv

vofii^co

oi

wyadov,

/caiToi

dv9pci)7roi<;

rov re kukov koI tov dyadov

d^iovaOai.

Kal rSiV

Kupo?

6

OeSiV,

etTre Trpo?

dvSp€<;,

0)

TOVTOV ^ovXtjv

irepX

n

tovto, 'A/)' ovu, irpo^

Kpanarov to

et?

fjpuv

ifji^akelv

crTpdrevfia,

8&

iroTepa

dyadov, Icro/jLOtpov; iravra^; iroielv, r) a-Koirovvra'i rd epya CKdarov tt/jo? ravTa Kal rd^ Tifia^ eKaaTcp irpoanOevai; SoKei,

19.

fjv

Kat

€K T(ov TTOvcov

rl

Set,

€
6

6

0e6
'K.pvadvra'i,

i/ii^aXeiv

tovtov, dXX" ov-^i irpoetirelv on ovrca TTOi'^aea; ov Kol Toiff dya)va<; ovtco irpoelirwi koI

Xoyov

irepX

rd ddXa;

^AXXd

6 Kvpo<;, ou^ ofioia ravra ydp dv arparevofievoi Krrjcrayvrai, Koivd olpai eavr&v rjyijaovrai elvar rrjv Se dp-^rjv eKetvoi^'

rrji;

fid At', e<^rj

d

fiev

arpand<; iprjv ca(o<; ere oiKodev vofiC^ovcriv ware hiardrrovra efie roii^ imardra^ ovSev

elvai,

olfiai dSiKeiv vofii^ovaiv. *

i66

ra^lapx^ Philelphus, Edd.

;

A<»x«7«'

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA, " It

II.

ii.

16-19

not rightj captain, for you to corrupt our most man by persuading him to laugh, and that, too," said he, "when he is such a foe to laughter." 17. With that, the subject was dropt. But at this IK)int Chrysantas spoke as follows 18. " Cvrus," said he, " and all you here present, I observe, for my j)art, tliat some have come out with us who are of superior merit, others who are less deserving than we. Now, if we meet with success, these will all expect to have share and share alike. And yet I The proper do not believe that anything in the world is more diftritmtin" unfair than for the bad and good to be awarded priz« money equal shares." " Well, then, in the name of the gods, my men," Cyrus replied to this, " will it not be a very good thing for us to suggest to the army a debate on this question shall we, in case God gives us any success to reward our toils, give to all an equal share or shall we take into consideration each man's services and bestow increased rewards upon him commensurate " with them ? 19. "And what is the use," said Chrysantas, "of starting a discussion concerning this matter ? Why not rather announce that you propose to do thus and so ? Pray, did you not announce the games and offer the is

serious

:

:

prizes that

way ?

"

" Yes, by Zeus," said Cyrus " but this is not a parallel case. For what the men obtain by fighting, that, I suppose, they will consider their own common property but the command of the army they still consider fairly to be mine, so that when I appoint the judges, I am sure they think I am within mv ;

;

rights."

i6l

XENOPHON 20.

*H Kol

oi€i,

6 Xpvcrai^Ta?, yjrrjipLaaaBat

€
av TO ifkriOo^ (Tvvekdov wcne

aWa

Tuy^^^dveiv,

fir)

rifial<; ical

irKeoveKrelv;

8(i)poL
"Eycoy, Xiyeiv to

p,r)

Ku/^o?,

6

€<pr)

(TVvayopevovTcov,

8k

afia

olfiai,

afuz

koX

tov TrXetcrra

ovj^v

olpai

u^iovaOai. (Tvp,(jiepov

S',

fiev

r}fioiV

xal ala-)(pov ov avri-

Kal oi)(f)e\ovvTa to kolvov tovtov

21.

tacov eKacrrov

KpariaTovf; xal

tov<;

Kal

e^rj,

irovovvTa

koI peyiaTcov T0t<;

KaKi,a-TOL<;

(^aveladai tov^ ayadov^ 7r\eov€KT€iv.

'O 8k Kvpo^ i^ovXeTo koI avTcov evcKa twv

op,oTip(ov yeveadai tovto to ycLp

&p Kot avTOVf

OTi

ix

epycov

Ta>v

d^Lcov Tev^ovTai.

vvv ifi^aXelv

ylrTjcfjicrpa'

^€\tlov<;

rjyelTo tovtov^ elvai, el elSeiev

avTol

Kal

irepX

Kpivopevoi

tovtov

yjrrjcfjov,

iv

w

/co*

OpOTipOL WKVOVV TYjV TOV 6')(Xov IcTOpOipiav. 8t)

(TvveSoKei

toIi;

Tcav

ovv i86K€i avrcp elvai

Kaipo<;

oi

OVTCO

ev tJj (TKijvfj avjj,fia\eaOai irepl

TOVTOV Xoyovi; koI avvayopeveiv TavTU e^acrav ^prjvat 6(TTtcnrep dprjp oXolto elvai.

twv Ta^idp'xoiv dv8pa ol8a KaX tov

22. ^EiTiysXdaa'i 8e

'Aw'

ey(i>,

€(fir],

avvepei mcttc

"AWo?

S'

p,r)

Ti9 elirev, 8i]piov

69

eiK'p ovtccx} l(Top,oip[av elvai.

dvTTjpeTO TOVTOV Tiva vrj A.L

dvrjp

ev iravTi pacrTevei ifkeov

e')(€iv.

direKpivaTO, "Eo-rt

rjp,iv

Xeyoi.

6

S'

ava-Ki}vo
''AW09 S' eirripeTo avTov, 'H kcli tmv ttovcov; Ma AC, €^rj, ov p,€V 8'^' dW-d tovto ye yjrevSo16S

CYROPAEDIA, 20. •'•

'*

And do you

II.

ii.

20-22

really believe," said Chrysantas,

that the mass meeting would adopt a resolution

each one should not have an equal share, but both in " honours and gifts ? "Yes," said Cyrus, "I do, partly because we re- Rewards commend it, and partly because it is mean to oppose J^^^"^ a proposition that the one who suffers the most and does the most for the state should also receive the highest rewards. And I think," said he, "that even to the worst it will seem proper that the good should have the larger share." 21. Now Cyrus wished for the sake of the peers for he themselves that this measure should pass thought that even they themselves would be better, if they knew that they also should be judged by tlieir works and should receive according to their And so it seemed to him to be the proper deserts. time to bring this matter to a vote now, while the peers also were questioning the commoners' claims Accordingly, those in the tent agreed to equality. to submit the question to a discussion and they said that whoever thought himself to be a man ought to advocate it. 22. But one of the captains said with a laugh " Well, I know a man of the commoners, too, who support the proposition not to have share and tliat

that the best should have the preference

;

:

wU

share alike in that indiscriminate fashion."

Another asked him whom he meant and he answered " By Zeus, he is a messmate of ours, who ;

:

in everything does his best to get the largest share." " What the largest share of hard work, too ? " I

asked another. " No, by Zeus," said he

;

" not by any

means

;

but 169

XENOPHON koI yap

eaXw/ca.

fi€PO^

Twv TOLOvrwv

fxelov ex^iv irap

23.

'A\V

ycyvcoaKQ)

vvv

fievov

e')((£Lv

T^9

eK

iycb

fiiv,

Xiyei,

to

TO, TTOvripd.

6fioyv(Ofiova<;

Saioi.

7]

yap

olpiai to,

avrrj

^

elvai

to fMcv ttoXv

av

ij

oi

€7rc')(eipovaiv

Tt9 /jbev

TroWdKif roivvv irXeiova^

Xafi^dvovaiv Trovijpia Bta

opboyvoyfiovetv

fioi

koX

7rei$6-

koKo, KayaOd, ol he irovrjpol

24. koI

TTopevofxivr] Tavra<^

koI

olov eTreaOai

elvai

8

avBpe^,

olov

i^aipereovi;

yap

SoKel

w

KOpo?,

ivepyov

arpdrevfia,

Kokol KayaOoX eVl eVl

^ovKofievov

avOpooirov^

8ec

e'iirep

TMV (TTparicorMV dyetv

6

€(f)r)

ToiovTOV
a-TpaTia<;.

rjyrjrai'

koI rfav oKXwv

dappaXia><;

ovrivaovv.

tov<;

ovro
ttovcov

opoi irdvv

oi (fyavXoi

rj

ol airov-

tmu irapavTiKa rjSovMV

avinreLOovcra^

e^et

^

S'

dperij

7rpo9

ttoXXou? opdiov

dyovcra ov irdvv Setv^ iariv iv rSt irapavrLKa Koi rjv dWoi etKT] Zairdvr) puovov ^ijpwvv tol'? KoivS)va
f^aipfriovs Stephanus,

Edd.

;

i^aiperovs

MSS.

Touj Koivwvas Pantazides, Hertlein, most Koivwvovs xy ; ttjs Koivmvtas z, Dindorf, Sauppe. '

170

(choict).

Edd.

;

rovs

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

22-25

ii.

For my have been caught in a falsehood. is that he very good-naturedly consents to have a smaller share of hard work and other things of that sort than anybody else. 23. Well, men," said Cyrus, " I am convinced that The Ticioo* such fellows as this one of whom our friend has just have no been telling us must be weeded out of the ranks, if ^^*°*° we are to keep our army industrious and obedient. For it seems to me that the majority of the soldiers are the sort to follow wherever any one leads and the good and noble, I think, try to lead only to what is good and noble, and the vicious to what is vicious. 24. And therefore the base oftentimes find a larger following of congenial spirits than the noble. For since vice makes her appeal through the pleashere

I

observation

;

ures of the moment, she has their assistance to persuade many to accept her views but virtue, leading up hill, is not at all clever at attracting men at first sight and without reflection and especially is this true, when there are others who call in the opposite direction, to what is downhill and easy. 25. And so, when people are bad only because of lazi;

;

ness and indolence,

damage keeping.

I

believe that they, like drones,

by the cost of their But those who are poor companions in toil, extravagant and shameless in their desire

their associates only

and also for any advantage, these are likely also to lead others to what is vicious for they are often able to demonstrate that \ice does gain some advantage. And so we must weed out such men at any cost. ;

171

XENOPHON Kal

26.

fjLr)

fiivToi

aKOirecTe

^

irokiTOiv avTi7r\r)p(t)(reTe Ta
ITTTTOt

aV dpiCTTOl

SxTlV, Olf^ 01

ck

ottoo^

rSiv

aX)C wcrTrep

Td^€i<;,

TTaTpiCOTai,

CIV

T0VT0V<; ^rjTetre, ovtco Kal dvd patirovfi ex ttclvtcov

av vfuv BoK&cn ixaXicna

ot

KOI

(rvy/cocr/jii]cretv,

re

avvtcT'^^^upielv

^

vfid<;

fiapTvpd

Tovrov
8e fiat Koi ToSe 7rpo<; rb d
dWd

rovro

on

fjbovov

(i)€\7]aovaiv ol

KttKol direaovrai,

KaKol daipeO€vr€<;

dWd Kal

rcov Karafievovrcov KaKia^, diroKadapovvrai irdXtv ravTr)<;, ol 8e dyaOol tou? fcaKoix; ISovre^ dnfuia-0evra<; ttoXv evdvfwrepov Trj
o'l

O

28.

fiev

ovT(o
elire'

tol<;

Be

(f>L\,oi,<;

auveSo^e raura, Kal oi/tg)? errooovv. 'E« 8e rovrov irdXtv avrol<; a-K(t)/jLfiaro<;

Trdcn

r)p')(^ero

Karavo7Jaa<; ydp nva rS>v \o')(ayo)v a-vvSeiTTVov Kal TrapaKXirrjv Trerroirj/jbivov dvSpa vnepSacrvv re Kal virepaiaxpov, dvaKaXecra^ rov Xo'X^ayov ovofiaarl elrrev mBs- 'H Xapb^avXa, e^i/, Kvpo<;.

dXK ^

rj

Koi

Kal av Kara rov '^WyjvcKov rpoirov,

/j.^

jj-ivroi

Hug, Gemoll, Marchant

Dindorf, Sauppe, Breitenbach ^

After

afOpdwovs.

17a

-navToiv

Hug

omits

;

koI

;

/tijSe /jLtyroi

ivOpdirwy

;

/iTjSe

yC

;

GemoU

on

/^evrot

z,

koI fi4vroi

brackets

CYROPAEDIA, 26. "

Do

II.

ii.

26-28

not, however, endeavour to fiU

but, just as in selecting a

up

own countrymen

their Hotr

to

mi

pu^ in team you seek out not horses *^^ ^^^

places in the ranks with your

only

;

that are home-bred but those which are best, so also

—

in the case of men, take them from all sources whoever you think will be most likely to contribute to

your strength and to your honour. And I have the following illustrations to prove the worth of my suggestion a chariot would never go fast, I am sure, if slow horses were attached to it, nor would it be serviceable if horses unfit for service were harnessed to it nor yet could a house be well managed if it employed vicious servants, but it would suffer less from having no servants at all than from being kept in confusion by incapable servants. 27. " Let me assure you of this, too, my friends," he added, " that the weeding out of the vicious will bring not only this advantage, that the vicious will be out of the way, but also among those who remain the ones that have already been infected with vice will be purged of it, while the virtuous seeing the vicious :

;

disgraced will cleave more eagerly to virtue." 28. With that he concluded; and all his friends agreed that what he said was true, and they began to act upon that principle. After that Cyrus began again to jest with them The ugij for he had observed that one of the lieutenants had f*'"""^ brought along as a guest and companion at table an exceedingly hairy and exceedingly ill-favoured man and addressing the lieutenant by name he spoke as " Well, Sambaulas," said he, " so you also follows have adopted the (J reek fashion, have you, and take ;

:

173

XENOPHON KoXov iari, Trepidyeb

tovto

^

to

to

fieipuKCOP

irapaKaraKelfievov aoi;

N^

rov At",

e?7

6 Sa/jL^avXwi, TjSo/jLai

yovv Koi

eyo) a-vvcov re xal Oeotfievof; rovrov.

ravra

29. *AKOvaavr€
e^Xeyfrav

(u?

virep^dWov eiTre,

Ilpo?

ae epyo) 30.

axxjKr^voi

irpocr-

dvSpo<;

ata')(^ei, iyeXaaav iravre^. kul t*? tmv de&v. Si Xa/x^avXa, iroLw ttotc

6 dvrjp

Kat

09

ovto^ dvrjpTrjTai; eLTTev,

'Eyo)

vpZv

^

rov Ala,

vrj

yap avrov eudXecra

oiroadKi'i

ipSi.

dvBpe
ol

Be elSov to Trpoacoirov tov

vvKro
Trpov^aaiaaro ovre ^dStjv

dcr')(p\iav

aW*

del

Trpd^ai re Trpocri-

re avr5>

oirocrdKi.'i

rpe-)((iiv'

inrrJKovo'ev,

Si

etre

ra^a, ovSev dviBptorc irore avrov elSov iroiovvra. TreTTOirjKe 8e

31.

Kal rov<; SeKaBea^; 7rdvra
dXX epyw

ov Xoyoi

Kat

Tt9

d7roBei,Kvv
etTre,

K-diretra

roiovrov ovra ov

0tXet9 avrov axTTrep rov
Kal

o

al(TXpo
€Kelvo<; 7r/)09

Ata* ov yap (JuXottovo^ eariv epe

el

rfdeXe

(fiiXelv,

toOto

eirel rjpxet

e^rj'

Ma

av avrw,

rovro dvrl irdvroiv rSiv^

yvp.va<Ti(ov. veptdyr) (above ed. Cobet, most Edd. -nepidyfis xzD, Dindorf. Edd. aj'{7r(jo-E)i'jjU7iTa( AISS. Muretus, atrfjprrirai rwf xyGH, Gemoll, Marchant ; not in A, Dindorf, et al. kinds of exerciaea).

* ittpidyei

the line *

'

(all

174

-et)

Juntine

F

,

;

;

;

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

28-31

ii.

who

about with you everywliere this youngster

now

beside you, because he

is

so

handsome ?

" Yes, by Zeus," said Sambaulas

;

" at

all

is

"

events

I

enjoy both his company and his looks." 29.

at the

When man

messmates heard this, they looked and when they saw that his counte-

his ;

nance was exceedingly ugly, they all laughed. And " In the name of the gods, one of them said Sambaulas, what has this fellow done to make such " a hit with you } :

30. "

By Zeus, fellows," he answered, ** I will tell Every time that I have called him, whether by day or by night, he has never made any excuse saying that he had not time,' nor has he answered my call

you.

'

slowly, but always

on a run. And as often as I have I have never seen him per-

bidden him do an}-thmg,

form it without sweat and besides, by showing them not by precept but by example what sort of ;

men they ought

to be, he has

made

his

whole squad

of ten just like himself." 31.

He

"And

yet/' said one of the

men, "although

such an excellent fellow, you don't kiss him as " you do your relatives And the homely man answered this and said " No, is

.''

:

by Zeus,

for

he

is

not fond of hard work

;

for if

he

wished to kiss me, that would be an ample substitute for all his drill-work."

»75

XENOPHON III

1.

Toiavra

koX yeXoia

Brj

fiev

Kal eXAyero kuI iirpuTreTo iv

koI
aKrjvfj.

rfj

Be Ta
rajaOa

T0t9 0eol
T^

S*

vcnepaia,

tTT par LOOT a
rrjv crKqvrjv et? Kolrrjv SieXvov.

}^vpo<;

6

2. "AvSpe'i

6

<^i\oi,

irpoaepxovrat yap oi viKr)
Set

rjv

Kal

irdvTa'

T&v

fiev

Xeyeiv he

rjv

irpoKenai.

axetv

vi.K03fiev

koI

iroielv),

a>9

yevofievoL

av

orav

on

SrjXov

e(f)T],

oX

re

fiev

out a rd

viKcofieda, Kal

irdvTa T049 ovrco

3.

(tovto ydp,

koX rd t&v TroXeptcov dyadd

rjixetq

viKcofiivcov

dywv 677^? '^fuv rd S' dOXa t;)?

fiev

rroXi/Mioi.

r)/j,et'i

r]p,erepoL

TToXifiLoi

crvveXe^e 7rdvTa<{ rov
kcu eKe^e roidhe'

Srj,

vikSxtiv

e^i;,

Bel

d&Xa

del

yiyvco-

vfid<;

dvOpcoiroi koivcovoI TroXifiov

iv eai/rot?

^Kacrroi

e%&)
009,

el

fir)

r&v SeovTOiv, Ta^y TroXXd Kal KuXd Biair paTTovrar ovSev ydp avTol
avrof

Ti
fievcov

oTav

Trpodv/iijaerai,

ovBev

eKacrrof Biavorjdrj

S'

iaofievov

dWo^

d)
6 irpdrroiv Kal 6 fjia')(opevo<;, kcLv avTo<; ^rjrai,

tovtol<;,

rd

€(f)r),

ev

care

on

earat

paXaKi-

irdcTLv

dfia

Kal 6 6eo
Trdvra

176

t]K€i

'x^aXeird <^ep6fieva.

4.

CYROPAEDIA,

11.

iii.

1-4

III

Things of this sort, both grave and gay, were and done at the dinner party. And finally when they had made the third Hbation ^ and prayed to the gods for their blessings, the party broke up, and they all went to bed. Then on the morrow, Cyrus The mtsa called all his soldiers together and spoke as follows ™^tu>K 2. " Friends, the conflict is at hand for the enemy are approaching. As for the prizes of victory, if we are victorious and we must assume that we shall be and work to that end it is evident that the enemy and all that is theirs will belong to us. But, on the other hand, if we are defeated in this case, 1.

said

:

;

—

—

—

vanquished are invariably the prizes set for the victors. 3. Accordingly," said he, " you must realize that when men who are united as comrades in war are fully persuaded that nothing will come out as it should unless each individual man exerts himself, then many splendid achievements are speedily accomplished for nothing that needs to be done is neglected. But when each one assumes that there will be some one else to do and to fight, even if he proves a weakling, let me assure you," said he, "that to such men, all ahke, too, all the possessions of the

;

that is grievous comes in a flood. 4, And God has ordained it in some such way as this in the case of those who will not compel themselves to work out their own good, he assigns others to be

all

:

^ Xenophon here introduces a Greek custom ; the Persians poured no libations. But at the conclusion of a dinner, the Greeks poured three libations the first, to tlie gods the second, to the heroes the third to Zeos, or to Hermes. :

;

;

177

XENOPHON evOdhe avacrraf;

avrov tovtov Trore/aw? av

irepl

fiaWov

TTjv apeTrjv

oterai acTKelaOai,

irap

rjjjuv,

irXeiara kuI irovelv koI KivBvveveiv 7rXet
fieXkoi

€1

iOeXwv

on

ovSev 8i,a
elhwfxev

yap 5.

7rdvT€<;

dvi]p ovre

ofiOTificov,

€(f}T],

pA
he Biaipepcov,

(ppovrjaei

ovre la)(ypoti

'AW

eXe^ev,

K.vpe, ovBe Siavoovfiei'ov

S)

p,ev,

Bel

taov

co?

ere

ISeiv,

olfiai

xaKOv^ Tot9 dyadol't ep,^a\elv tovtov dTTOireipoofievov et xf? dpa eaTai dvrjp ocTTt? edeXrjcreL eTTtBel^ai kavTOv o)? BiavoecTUi fiTjBev /caXov Kayadov ttolmv, av aXXoL Ty dpeTjj exjeiv rov
Tov \6yov,

dW

KaTairpd^toai, TOvru>v

ovTe

TToaiv

elpn

laojiioipctv.

Ta^^'i

ovTe

6.

yiyvdxT Ktd re oti i^ 0)v av iyco tS> TTOirjaa),

oif

Kpidelijv

06VTepo
ovo

ovt€

av

iyco

^epcrlv

B', ecfirj,

l
ifia)

acofiaTi

av irpSiTO^ ovtc

dv pvpiOcxTO^' dXXd Kal eKelvo,

ecfyrj,

av

o ovo

')(iXioaTO'i, tcrtw?

aa(f>(o^ eiri-

(TTap,ai oTi el fiev ol BvvaTol eppco/uLevco^i dvTiXt]yjrovTai Toav irpayfidTcov,

dyadov

Tiv6
fxeTeaTai

ToaovTOV [xepo<; ocrov dv BlxaLov tj' el B' oi p-ev KUKol fiTjBev TTOi'^aouatv, oi B' dyadoX Kal BvvuTol e^ovai,

d6vp.co
PmXXov

y)

BeBotKa,

e
dXXov

pbtj

TOV dyadov p,e6e^(o -nXelov

fi€po<{

Tivo
iyo)

^ovXop,ai. 7. 5'

Xpv(TdvTa<;

eV

178

avT(p

pev

Brj

ovtco^

^epavXa
elTrev.

tkov

dvecTTt) BrjfioToyv,

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iii.

4-7

commanders. Now, therefore, let any one Cyras up and speak to this question before us, ^^^^u on whether he thinks that valour would be more ^^^^^^ cultivated among us, if the one who ^\^ll do and dare most is also to receive the greatest rewards, or if we know that it makes no difference whether a man be a coward or not, as we shall all share and share their

stand

alike." 5. Hereujwn Chrysantas, one of the peers, a man ChrysMitM neither large nor powerful to look upon, but pre- ^^,,1 eminent in understanding, stood up and spoke " Well, C\Tus," said he, " I think that you are introducing this discussion not because you think that the bad ought to have an equal share with the good, but because you wish to prove whether a single man will reallv be found who will care to let it be known that he thinks that, even if he himself does nothing good and noble, he should have an equal share of 6. Now I," that which others win by their valour. he went on, " am neither fleet of foot nor strong of arm, and I know that in \iew of what I shall accomplish by my bodily strength I should not be judged either the first or the second, or even, I suppose, the thousandth, and perhaps not even the But on this point I am perfectly ten thousandth. clear, that if those wlio are powerful men take matters vigorously in hand, I shall have as large a share of anv good fortune that may come as I deserve. But if the bad do nothing and the good and strong lose heart, I am afraid," said he, "that I shall have a larger share than I wish of something other than good." And after him j^^^M^" spoke Chrysantas. 7. Thus Pheraulas stood up, one of the Persian common- support

179

XENOPHON Kvpo) avSpl Si

TO

fiaL

fiev

aOai

a6t)p,a

ioiKco<;,

Kvpe Koi ro

^

Hepcrai, ^joveV rov 'icrov vvv opfiddycovi^eadat irepl dperrj^' 6p5) yap 7rdvTe
irdvra'i

-^fidf;

ei
oiKoOev

(Tvv)jdr)
6Tt

7r&)9

avr\p, KciX

opboia fiev Tpo(j>7J 'jrdvTa'i ripd
Ta?,

6fjLoia
Se

<Jvvovaia
ravra he irdaiv

7rdvra
r]fuv irpoKeiraL.

daKOVv-

d^iovfievov
to Te yap

TOt<;

dp-)(pvcn rrreldeadai irdacv iv kolvui Kelrai, Koi 09

dv ^avr) tovto dir po^aaiarco^ iroLUiv, tovtov opo) irapd Kvpov Tifx,rj<; rvyx^dvovra' to re^ 7rpo9 roix; irokepiov'i uXki/jlop elvai ov t& p,ev irpocrrjKOv rip 8 ov, Trdai kuI touto TrpoKeKpirat Kd\-

dWd

Xiarov

elvat.

Nw

e^r), r]fuv kuI SeiKwrai^ fJ^XV> iravra^ dvO pcoirovfi ^vaei eTriarafJLevov
rjv

iyd)

iyd),

8\

opco

€'rj,

eK iraih'iov ev6v
ardjMrjv Trpb rovrcov 6 ti fjLT)

dWo

fxrjhev

Q)p,r]v

rjirt-

7r\rjy)](j€adat' el Se

exoifii, rd) %et/oe rrrpoeyjcav iveiro-

^ rb (TcD/ua xz, Marchant; rh {not physically unfit).

a&n* oIk

cupv^s y,

most Edd.

^ t6 re C, Breitenbach, Marchant ; ri r' ad yG, Dindorf, Gemoll. ' StiKyvrai x, Marchant, Gemoll ; S/Sct/cTot yz, most Edd.

180

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iii.

7-10

but a man who for some reason or other had from the beginning won Cyrus's confidence and besides he was well-favoured in body and affection His speech was as follows a gentleman at heart. 8. " I think, Cyrus/' said he, " and all you Persians ers,

;

:

here assembled, that we are all now starting on an for I observe equal footing in a contest of merit that we are all taking the same bodily exercise, that we all have the same rations, that we are all considered worthy to move in the same society, and that the prizes are offered alike to all. For obedience to the officers has been enjoined equally u|K»n us all, and whoever shows himself prompt to comply, I observe that he Again, to be brave receives honour from Cyrus. in the face of the enemy is not a thing to be expected of one and not of another, but it is considered far the noblest thing for all alike. 9. " And now," he continued, " we have been ini;

tiated into a method of fighting, which, I observe, all men naturally understand, just as in the case of other creatures each understands some method of fighting

which it has not learned from any other source than from instinct for instance, the bull knows how to fight with his horns, the horse with his hoofs, the dog with his teeth, the boar with his tusks. And all know how to protect themselves, too, against that from which they most need protection, and that., too, though they have never gone to school to any teacher. 10. As for myself, I have understood from my very childhood how to protect the spot where I thought I was likelv to receive a blow ; and if I had nothing else I put out my hands to hinder as well as I could :

181

XENOPHON Si^ov o Tt iSvvdfiyjv rov TraiovTW kol tovto eiroiovv

aXXa

ov SihaaKOfievos,

eV

/cal

avrip Tovra iraio-

fjLd')(aipdv

fievo^, el 'rrpoj3a\oifJurjv.

ye

evdv<;

/xrjv

TraiSiov o)V rjpira^ov oirov iBotfit, ovSe Trap

ovSe rovTO fxaOoov 07r
evo^

irapa

rj

co? iyo) 0?;/ii. CTroiovv yovv Kot
iraTpo^ vtto t>}9

irpdTTeiv rji'ayKa^ofirjv.

Koi vaX fid Aia enaiov ye ttj fiaxciipa ov yap fiovov Svvaifiijv Xai'ddveiv.

6 tl

ttolv

(fyvcet

rjv,

to ^aSl^eiv Kal Tpe')(eiv, dXkd Kai vSv ToG 7r€(f)VKevai tovto i8oK€t fioi etvai.

ioairep 7r/)09

'ETret

11.

XeLireTai, ev ecTTi,

ovv,

S'

y

avTrj

ecprj,

7rpoffv/jLLa<;

fidxH kutu epyov

rj

fidWov

rj Te-)(yri<;

TOvaSe toi)? Ta fiev ad\a Tr}<; taa irpoKeiTai, irapa^aWofxevoi he ovk

iroi^i

r}[M,v

ov^

Trpo?

?;Sef09

ofioTifiov^ dyfovKTTeov; oirov ye dpeTTj'}

i<xa

el<;

tov kIvZvvov

ovtoi

ifiev, aX-X'

oairep fxovo^ rjhiaTO'i, ^iov,

rjfielf;

p,ev kvTLfiov,

8e iirnrovov

/mev,

aTi/jiov 8e, ocTTrep olfiai 'X^aXeircoTaTOfi.

12. /ift)?] ^

oTi

MdXiaTa el
K0po9

dWd

rov 6

8e,

(o

tt/Oo?

Kpivcov ecTTat,

{(Tvv OeSiV

tovto fie [evOvrovaBe irapopfia

dv8pe<;,

dywva tov

o
6pK(p Xeyoo)

ov rf

(f)dov(p

firjv

ifiol

Kptvei,

8oK€i

dyadov^ (f)iXelv ovBev TfTTOv eavTOV' TovToa yovv op5> avTov b tl av e)(V Ku/jo?

ovariva<; av 6 pa,

-

1 €v0v,uws MSS. ; bracketed or omitted fvBv vois GemoU {straight on). * hv 6pq. y, most Edd. ; 6p^ xz, GemoU.

182

by most Edd.

;

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

ui.

10-12

And this I did the one who was trying to hit me. not from having been taught to do so, but even though I was beaten for that very act of putting out my hands. Furthermore, even when I was a Uttle fellow I used to seize a sword wherever I saw one, although, I declare, I had never learned, except from instinct, even how to take hold of a sword. At any rate, I used to do this, even though they tried to keep me from it and certainly they did not teach me so to do just as I was impelled by nature to do certain other things which my father and mother tried to keep me away from. And, by Zeus, I used to hack with a sword everything that I could without being caught at it. For this was not only instinctive, like walking and running, but I thought it was fun in addition to its being natural. 11. Be that as it may," he went on, ''since this method of fighting awaits us, which demands courage more than skill, why should we not gladly compete with the peers here ? For the prizes proposed for excellence are equal, but we shall go into the trial not having at stake interests equal with theirs for they have at stake a life of honour, which is the most happy of all, while we risk only a life of toil unhonoured, which 1 think is most burdensome. 12. "And this, comrades, gives me the most courage for the competition with these gentlemen, that Cyrus is to be the judge ; for he decides not with partiality, but (I swear it by the gods) I verily think that Cyrus loves no less than himself those whom he recognizes as valiant. At any rate, I observe that, whatever he has, he is much more pleased to give it to them than to keep it

—

—

'^'

;

183

XENOPHON SiBovra /maXXov

tjBiov^ roi,

ireiraihevvTai Trpo^

plya

rjfiel^

VTTO

7}

on

oiSa

e(f)rf,

koI

Stj

avTOV

rj

ovroi

(f)povovaiv

on

hi^av Kal on Kal ravra

\ifiov koL

tt/jo?

Kaprepelv, kukm^; elBoTe*;

BiSaaKoXov

KpeiTTOvo^

13. Kai-

€')(0VTa.

fieya

TreTraiSeufxeda

ov yap ean, 8iSdaKaXo
ovroi.

KpciTTcov

avdyKt}^,

Trj<;

cLKpi^ovv iBi8a^€. (pepovre^

ipeXercov,

Tjvpijfiiva 609 ai'

r)

'qfid
Kal Xiav ravr

Kal irovelv ovtoc

1 4.

a icrnv

ev^opcoTara

fiev to,

S,7ra
oirXa

dvOpdoiroi';

8e
rjixel^

/McyaXoi^ (popnoi^ Kal ^a8i^eiv Kal rpkyetv rjvayKa^ofieOa, ware vvv epxn 8ok€ip to roiv oirXcov (^oprjfjui 7rTepoi
ovv

fl?

15. 67rot09

Tt9

civ

d^iaxrovTO^,

Kal

vfuv

0)

Kara

ovtw^,

7',

ye Kal

€p,ov

€(f)r),

rrjv

w

e<^7),

CO

dv8p€<;

epiv opixdcrdat, ravTrf<; t?79

et9

Kal

d^iav

fie

K.vpe,

yiyvaxTKe. irapaivco

Brj/xorai, p,d')(ri^

rip-dv

'7rpo
vvv yap dv8pe
7r€7rai8ev/jievov<;

fievot elcrlv

dycovLovp,evov

ToucrSe*

roi/'?

elXrjp,-

^epavXa<; fiev 8t} ovrca elirev. dvicnavro aXXoL TroWot kKarepayv crvvayopevovre^. e8o^e Kara ttjv d^iav rifxacrOat CKaarov, K.vpov Be Tov Kplvovra eJvai. ravTa p,ev Brj ovrco 16.

8e Kal

irpovKe^wprjKei. 17. ^[iKaXeae

eVt Belirvov 6 K.vpo<; Kal oXtjv ra^idp'^a), IBcov avrov tovs fiev ^/iicrei^ rcov dvBpwv rfj<; rd^eo)^ dvnrd^avra eKaripcodev eh e/i^oXyv, dcopaKa^ fiev dp<^oTepov^ TTOTC

rd^iv (Tvv

'

^^inv y,

' fij'Spes

184

S'

rS)

most Edd.

;

not in xz, GemoU.

Schneider, Edd.

;

&vhpes

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA, for himself,

13.

And

yet

II.

I

iii.

know

12-17 that these

men

upon having been trained, as they say, to endure hunger and tliirst and cold^ but they do not know that in this we also have been trained by a better teacher than they have had for in these branches there is no better teacher than necessity, pride themselves

;

which has given us exceedingly thorough instruc14. And they have been in traintion in them. ing for hard labour by carrying weapons, which all men have so devised that they may be as easy while we, on our part, have as possible to bear been obliged to walk and to run with heavy burdens, so that the carrying of arms now seems to me more like having wings than bearing a burden. 15. " Let me inform you, therefore, Cyrus," said he, "that I. for one, shall not only enter this contest, but I shall also expect you to reward me according to my deserts, whatever I am, for better or worse. And you, my fellow-commoners," he concluded, "I recommend you to enter with alacrity into the competition with these gentlemen in this sort of warfare for now they have been trapped in a contest with commoners." ;

;

And many others 16. Thus Pheraulas spoke. from both orders rose to speak in favour of the measure. They decided that each one should receive rewards according to his deserts, and that Cyrus should be the judge. Thus, then, the matter was satisfactorily settled. 17. And once Cyrus invited a captain and his whole A sham company to dinner, because he had noticed him ^^eii drawing up one half of the m4;n of his company •«. against the other half for a sham battle. Both sides "^

185

XENOPHON koI ^yeppa iv

e')(OVTa
vdp0r)Ka<;

B€^ia<;

Tot?

S' €T€poi<;

eltrev

ra?

Tal
ray^el';

rol';

eSwKe,

rjfiiaea-iv

on ^dWeiv

dvaipov-

Beijcroi

18. 'Evret Be irapea Kevaa ixevot ovTa)<; earrjcrav,

evravOa

avTol
ia-ijfirjvev

e^aWov

ral'i

Bt]

Kol OwpaKcov Kol jeppwv, ol Be Kal

Te\o
eiraiov

Be

ye

firjv

ravrd

vdpdrjKa'i

yeXcorc

eiroiiqaav

eVi

vap6r]Ko
Kal

Tov
ev

TracBia.

TrdXtv

\a^6vTe
erepot

ol

')(^eipa<;,

rd vfora.

Kal

eBvwKOV ol

ttoWcS

Be

eiriKvirrovrcov

rpaxn^ov;

rpeyfrd/jievoi

7rai0VT€<; fiepei

rov
Kal

Be

ra)v

KV7]fxa<;,

^co\ov<;

Kal

/j,y]pov

tmv

erraiov roiv puev firipov^,

Be

rSiv

jxev

eVet Be o/xov ijevovTO, ol toi)? vdpOr)Ka<;

Kvr)/j,lBo<;.

e'XpvTe'i

ol

iTvy^avov

Kal eaTiv ot

^(o\oi<;

raU

rov<;

yStwXot?

^dXkovTa<;. 19.

Tavra

dya
S'

'ra^tdp-)(ov tt)v eirlvoiav, d/iia

iyvfivd^ovTO, dfia

fiev

Be evLKdiv ol elKaa6evre<; TOVToi
Kal ev

TOV

Trj

fJL€v

rjcr6el<;

crKr}vfi

Tcva

Xot9.

20. 6

6p,ov eyev»VT0

oTe irpocru)

e^aaav 1

86

rfj

tov

K.vpo<;,

Be ttjv

TjvSvfxovvro,

Be

rmv Hepamv

eKdXeae re

eirl

fjbev

on

Tretdco,

d/xa

OTrXlaec,

Belirvov avTov<;

IBoov TLva
TOV Be ')(elpa, i^pcoTa eXeyov oti TrXrjyelev Talf /3(w-

dvrcKV7]/jiiov,

ol O

Tt Trddoiev.

6

rwv

Be r)

rjcrav.

irdXiv

e7rt]pQ)Ta

oTe Trpoato rjaav. iirel

Be

o/jlov

iroTepov oi

B

eirel

eXeyov

eyevovTO, iraiBidv

elvat KaXXia-Trjv ol vapdi]KO(f)opof

oi

Be

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iii.

17-ao

had breastplates and on their left arms their shields hands of the one side he placed stout cudgels^ while he told the other side that they would have to :

in the

pick up clods to throw. 18. Now when they had taken their stand thus equipped, he gave the order to begin battle. Then those on the one side threw their clods, and some struck the breastplates and shields, others also struck the thighs and greaves of their opponents. But when they came into close quarters, those who had the cudgels struck the others some upon the thighs, others upon the arms, others upon the and as still others stooped to pick up clods, shins the cudgels came down upon their necks and And finally, when the cudgel-bearers had backs. put their opponents to flight, they pursued them laj'ing on the blows amid shouts of laughter and merriment. And then again, changing about, the other side took the cudgels with the same result to their oppononts, who in turn threw clods. 19. In this Cyrus admired both the captain's cleverness and the men's obedience, and he was pleased to see that they were at the same time having their practice and enjoying themselves and also because that side was victorious which was armed after the fashion of the Persians. Pleased with this he invited them to dinner and in his tent, observing some of them wearing bandages one around his leg, another around his arm he asked them what the matter was ; and they answered that they had been hit with the clods. 20. And he inquired further, whether it had happened when they were close together or far apart. And they said it was when they were far apart. But when they came to close quarters, it was capital fun so

—

;

;

—

—

—

187

XENOPHON aveKpa
vdpOrj^LV

Tot9

avyK€KOfifji€VOi

(T^iac SoKOiT) TratSia elvat

eTreheiKwaav tmv vapdrjKwv ra
cifia

Kol €v

%e/9crt

TovTOv<s p^ipjovpevcov KaX el p,T] aWo ti (tttovBaiorepov irpaTToiev, tuvtij Trj iratSid e)(pa>VT0. 21.

^AWov

Be TTore IScdv Ta^iap')(pv a
Tci^iv diro Tov iroTapiOv ein to dpiaTepov

e<^' ei/09,

Kal OTTOTe SoKOiT) auTO) Kaipov

Stephanus, Edd.

;

irdvTwy

MSS.

The manoeuvre here described is perfectly simple they are coming up from the river, from the left, thus (letting "

:

.

corporal, f ^or sergeant, * Tor of a division of twenty-five], § for

stand for private, J for lieutenant [in captain)

command

:

•J

^

>

t

t

First

f*

Formation :

— :.....f»

t

j.....t

t»

1

second division

third divUlon

(onrth division

f

t

first

J..

division

The first division halts, and the other three, in succession, up abreast with the first the second formation haa the

line

;

four lieutenants abreast in front and

deep Sj^

is

twenty-five

men

:

>

—

Second Formation

—

;

t

J

t

1

t

:

t

:

t

:

t

:

Then each

t

:

t

• • *

•

J

division doubles up, and the third formation, with the eight sergeants abreast in front, and the eight corporals abreast further back ia

188

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iii.

20-21

the cudgel-bearers said ; but those who had been thoroughly drubbed with the cudgels cried out that it did not seem any fun to tliem to be beaten at close quarters, and at the same time they showed the marks of the cudgels on their arms and their necks and some also on their faces. And then, as was natural, they laughed at one another. On the following day the whole plain was full of men following their example ; and if they had nothing more important to do, they indulged in this sport. 21. And once he saw another captain leading his MUitary company up from the river left about in single file pi^^^^* and ordering when he thought it was proper, the second division * and then the third and the fourth i#

Third ForwMtioH—

>-

t

:

:

—

•

t

:

t

J

t

:

t

:

t

:

t

:

t

• • • •

I

With another doabling up of ranks, they assume of sixteen men and a depth of six Forurtk Formation— > i»

a front

:

t

: t

•

: t

: t

•

t

: t

•

t

-ii.'.'t

• •

Finally in these groups of six each, they are led, singla file, in to dinner.

189

XENOPHON Kai rov reraprov, oi

et? /neTtoirov, eTrel S' iv fxerdi'ira}

Xo^dyol eyeiovTO,

Tov

\6^ov

el
percoTTov

8r)

Traprjyov ol BcKaSap'X^oi

fi' av iBoKei avrGt Katpo
ottotc

elvai, Traprjj^eiXev

oi Tr€p,7rdBapx,oi

8r)

hvo dyeiv

irapriyyvrjcrev 6i?

eK TOVTOV

8e eVt dvpai
av

€i
TrapayyeiXai;

ijjeiTO

ovtod

elaco'

8'

elcrayayoov

KUTeKXivev eTrl to Belirvov oyairep eiaeiropevovTO' TOVTOV 01) V o Ki)/909 ayaudeX^ t?}? re TTpaoTr^TO^ T% SiBaaKa\[a
aXXo9 Ta^tap^09,

T^i;

tm

8'

Belirvfp

ip,^v,

K€K\r)p€vo
€(f>r],

tu^iv,

w

Kvpe, ou Ka\etr}, Tov^ e^oiv TOv
ft)9

Bel

(iTrcevat.

eTreiBav

Be,

e<pr),

KaTaaTOipev etrl tov Bpopov evda TrepiiraTOV' pev, OTav p,ev 7rp6 pev rjyovpai, ^

iSyronv ovTws Weiske, Breitenbach Oemoll, Marchant. Taina Diudorf, Edd. ; rovra MSS.

[l6yTc»v] •*

[90

;

MSS., Dindorf

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iii.

21-22

to advance to the front; and when the lieutenants were in a row in front, he ordered each division Thus the sergeants to march up in double file. Again, when came to stand on the front line. he thought proper, he ordered the divisions to

up four abreast in this foi*mation, then, the corporals in their turn came to stand four abreast in each division and when they arrived at the doors of the tent, he commanded them to fall into single file again, and in this order he led the first division into the tent the second he ordered to fall in line behind the first and follow, and, giving orders in like

line

;

;

;

and fourth, he led them inside. led them all in, he gave them their places at dinner in the order in which they came in. Pleased with him for his gentleness of discipline and for his painstaking, Cjtus invited thir company also with its captain to dinner. 22. Now there was present another captain who Cyrus, had been invited to the dinner and he said My will you not invite my company to your tent.^ company, too, does all this when we go to mess, and when the meal is finished the rear-guard leader of the last division leads that division out, keeping in the rear those whose place in the battle line is in front then, next after them, the second rear-guard leader brings out the men of the second division, and the third and the fourth in like manner, in order that," he explained, "they may also know how to

manner

to the third

And when he had thus

'•'

:

;

withdraw, if ever it is necessary to retreat before the enemy. And when we take our places on the parade-ground, I take the lead, when we march toward the east, and the first division of the company

191

XENOPHON KoX 6 Trpwro'i \6-)(ov SeKciSe^ Kol 7refi7rdS€r), tt/jo? ecnrepav itofiei^, 6 ovpay6r]yovvrai' €fiol

TreiOovrai varepq) lovri, Xva eTreadai koI •qyeladav op^oio);

ovTco

p,evToi

idi^covTai

Kal

weidopevoi. 23.

Kat

Kf}y909 e^r;,

'07roadKt
ye,

e(f>r),

'H Kal

kol del TovTOTroulre; 8enrpo7roLov/j,e6a,

vrj

^ia.

KaXw

TOLVvv, ecfirj, vpd
oi')(iav 'irape')(^eLV.

24. •^fjbepa,

Ma

At", e<^r) 6 ra^iapxo'i, p.J]Tot

el

fir)

Kal

StTrXa?

'^p,iv

Ta9

y

iv p,ia

yacrrepa
7rape^ei
Kat Tore pev

ovreo to TeXo? rr}? aKtjvTJ'i varepaia o KO/ao? eKaXeaev eKeivrjv rrjv rd^iv, Marrep e<pr], Kal rfj dWr). ai(xQbpevoi Be ravra Kal ol dWot, ro Xotirov Travre? eTroirjtTavro.

Brj

rfj

S'

avrov
IV *^^era
pevov ev

I

CYROPAEUIA,

II.

iii.

22-iv.

i

goes first, the second in its proper order, and then the third and the fourth and the squads of ten and five in each division, until I give the order for some change of formation ; then," said he, " when we march toward the west, the rear-guard leader and Still, even so, they the rear-guard lead off first have to look to me for the commands, though I marcli last, so that they may get into the habit of obeying just the same whether they follow or whether they lead." 23. " Do you always do that way? " asked Cyrus.

" Yes, by Zeus," said he, " as often as we go to dinner." " Well then," said Cyrus, '* I will invite you, because you give your lines practice both in coming and in going, by night and by day, and also because you give your bodies exercise by marching about, and improve your minds by instruction. Since, therefore, you do all this doubly, it is only fair that I should furnish you a double feast also." 24. " No, by Zeus," said the captain, "at any rate not on the same day, unless you will furnish us with double stomachs as well." Thus they brought that dinner to a close. And on the following day Cyrus invited that company, as he had promised, and again the next day. And when the others heard about it, they all followed, in the future, the example of that company.

IV 1. Once when Cyrus was holding a general review An embassy and parade of all his men under arms, a messenger ^™ ^"^ came from Cyaxares saying that an embassy had

193

XENOPHON KeXeyet ovv

fieia'

ere

iXdelv

rd'^icrTa.

&)<>

(f>epQ)

koXe^ovXero yap ere &>? XajiTTpoTara Ka\ evKoapiorara Trpocrd>yeLv, &>? oy\ropjiva)V tcop ^IvSwv O7rco9 av nrpoait]^. 8e

aoi,

^A.Kovcra
2.

ravTu

6 Kvpo<;

Terayfievw Ta^idp)(^(p

TTpcoTft)

€0'

evo
Koi

Tft)

rrjv

Kva^dpov

irapa

Xktttjv

xal aroXrjv

ayyeXo';,

6

e(f)r}

iraprj'yyeiXe

t&)

et? p^ercoTrov arrival,

ayovra

tt}v rd^iv, iv Se^ia e^ofTa eavrov, Sevrepm eKeXevae ravrb tovto irapayyeiXat, kol 8ia irdvTwv ovrw irapaScBovat eKeXev-

ra^v

fiev TTaprjyyeXXov,

ra TrapayyeXXopeva

eTToiovv, ev oXiytc

oi he

(rev.

ra^^v

he

ireidopevoi,

XP^^V iyevovTO ro p,ev percowov eirl TpiaKoaitov,^ ToaovTot yap yaav ol ra^tap^ot, rb he ^ddo^ i(f>^ he

eKarov. crep

d>
riyeZro.

3. eireX he Karecmjaav, av avTO
eirel

he Karevoyjcre ttjv

eirecrOao €Ke\eu-

Tpo^d^wv

ev0v<;

dyviav

ttjv 7rp6<}

TO ^acrlXeiov epovaav (rrevorepav ovcrav rj to? eirl percoTTOv 7rdvTa
hevrepav Kar

Trj
epiirpoadev e'lirovTO.

4. "RTrepyfre he Trj
heov

dyvtd^, TTOielv.

Kal

oirco^i

&)?

ei S'

v7rr)peTa<;

d(f)LK0VT0

dvpa Trpcoro) ^

rpMKoaiwv Muretua, Edd.

194

hvo eVt to arop^a

Tt? dyvoouj, arjpbaivoiev to

;

eirl

rd<;

ra^idp^w

^loutoaluiv

M8S.

Kva^dpov ttjv

Ta^iv

{two hundred).

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

1-4

"He

therefore bids you come arrived from India. Moreover/' said the messenger, as soon as possible. " I am bringing you a very beautiful robe from

Cyaxares as

;

he expressed the wish that you appear and splendid as possible when you the Indians will see how you approach for

brilliant

come, him,"

for

2. And when Cyrus heard this, he gave orders to the cajitain who was stationed first to take his stand at the head of the line, bringing up his company in he told single file and keeping himself to the right him to transmit the same order to the second captain and to pass it on through all the lines. And they obeyed at once and passed the order on, and they all executed it promptly, and in a little while they were three hundred abreast on the front line, for that was the number of the captains, and a hundred men deep. 3, And when they had got into their places, he ordered them to follow as he himself should lead. And at once he led them off at a double quick step. But when he became aware that the street leading to the king's headquarters was too narrow to admit all his men with such a front, he ordered the first regiment in their present order to follow him, the second to fall in behind the first, and so on through them all, while he himself led on >\-ithout stopping to rest, and the other regiments followed, each the one before it. 4. And he sent also two adjutants to the entrance of the street, to tell what was to be done, if any one And when they arrived at did not understand. Cyaxares's doors, he ordered the fii*st captain to draw up his company twelve deep, while th** sergeants ;

195

XENOPHON raTreiv /3ddo^,

BdoSe/ca

el
tov<; 8e Bo)8€Kdp)(OV<$ ev

fierdoTru)

KadtaTcivac irepX to ^acTLKeLOv, Kol

Sevrepo)

Tavra ixiXevae

TravTOf ovT(o^.

5.

ovBev ri v^pta-fieur]. tS> [xev Ta;^e4 rjcrdr], kcli

r]')(deadri,

oi fiev 8r)

rov K.va^dpr)v ev

elcrrjei irpo'i

ravr eTroLouv 6 S' ttj HepaiK^ (noXfj

i8a)v Be avrov t^ Be ^uuXottjtc

elnre,

Tt

rovro,

6

c5

Kva^dpT)
t?}?

KOpe;

olov

TreTTolijKa^ ovrto <pave\^ roi
ae

yap

KO
av

a)9

XafiTrporarov

(pavrjvac-

rovro, e/i^9 ovra viov on, fieyakoTrpeTrecrrarov (palvecOai. ifMol

Kal

6.

6

tjv

K{)/309 7rpo
tw

napayyeZkac, kuI Sia

ravra

elrre,

e(f>T],

koX

dBeXcfyi]^;

Kal

rrori-

Kva^dpr), fidWov ae eKoap^ovv, ecirep 7rop(f)vpiBa evBv^ Kal -^ekia \a^a>v kcli arpeTzrov TrepiOejJLevo'i a'^^oXfj KeXevovrc vttiJkouov aot, rj vvv ore crvv roiavTTj kol roaavrrj Bvpd/xec ovro)
pco<;

7.

dv,

OL

a(f)d<;

Be

(!)

elaeXOoprei; eXe^av ore ^aacXevf KcXevcov ipcorav

'Ii'Sot

6 ^IvBwv

vre/ii/rete t'^

orov

re koI r(p ^Aaavpio)' 'ETret Be crov aKOvaatfiev, eneXevaev iX66vTa
ecTj M.i]8oi
rov Aacrvpiov KUKei'vov ravra 7rv$eaOaf 8' dfi(f)orepot
TO BiKaiov

reXo<;

ore 6 ^IvBcov /SaaiXev^,

fierd rov rjBiKrjfievov

etreadai. 8.

196

IIoo? ravra o K.va^dp->]<;

elirev,

'E/xoi) jxev

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

4-8

were to take their places on the front line about the He bade him transmit the same orders to the second captain^ and so on to all the rest 5. and they proceeded to do so^ while he preking's headquarters.

;

Cyrus

sented himself before Cyaxares in his Persian dress, hln^f and which was not at all showy. When Cyaxares sawiii««™y him, he was pleased at his promptness but displeased with the plainness of his dress and said " How is What do you mean by appearing thus this, Cyrus ? before the Indians.^ Now I wished you to appear Avith as much magnificence as possible, for it would have been a mark of respect to me to have my sister's son appear in all possible grandeur." I be showing you more respect, 6. " Should Cyaxares," Cyrus made reply to this, " if I arrayed :

myself in purple and adorned myself with braceand put on a necklace and at my leisure obeyed your orders, than I have in obeying you \nth such dispatch and accompanied by so large and so efficient an army And I have come myself adorned with sweat and marks of haste to honour you and I present the others likewise obedient to you." Thus Cyrus spoke, and Cyaxares recognizing that he was right summoned the Indians. 7. And when The the Indians came in they said that the king of India a^d'e'*'* had sent them with orders to ask on what ground the Medes and the Assyrians had declared war. " And he has ordered us," they said, " when we have heard your statement, to go also to the Assyrian and ask him the same question and finally, he bade us say to both of you that the king of India declares that when he has weighed the merits of the case, he will side with the party wronged." 8. ** Well, then," Cyaxares made reply to this, lets

.''

;

197

XENOPHON TOLvvv aKovere on ovk dSiKovfMev tov 'Aaavpioi' ovhev €K€ivov S', €1 Selade, e'X^orre? vvv irvOeaOe 6 Ti Xeyei. TIapcbv Be 6 Ki)/309 -ijpero rov K.va^dpr]v, 'H Kol iyoi, €(pr], elirm 6 ti yi'yvuxTKw; koX o K.va^dpr}^ eKeXevaev. "Tfi€l<;

roivvv,

/3a<Ti\€i TaSe, el (pafiev

rj/jLei^, ei

^\(T(Tvpio^,

dirayyeiXaTe

e^rj' fiij

ri

ri

(f)i](Tiv

v(f)^

rjfiwv

^\vBwv

tG>

dXko K.va^dpT}

SokgI, oti

dSiKeurOai 6

alpeiaSai, avTov tov 'IvBcov jSaatXea

SlKaCTIJV.

Ol fiev 8f] TavTU dKov(ravT€<; (j!>-)(pvTO. 9. eirel Be i^rjXOov ol ^IvBol, 6 Kvpo<; tt/oo? tov K.va^dpr]v rjp^UTO Xojov TOiovBc

K.va^dpv,

'Xl €')(a>v

iyoi) fjuev

^XOov ovBev

IBia x^pyj/xaTa oi/coOev

irdw oXiya Xonrd

T09* Tificov

ev

KoX

ccrdi,

S'

tl

iroXXd

r]V,

tovtwv

dvrjXcoKa Be,

e<^ri,

eh

tovto taco<;, €(f)r), 6aviyd) dvrjXwKa aov avTOv<; Tp€
Toixi (TTpaTC(OTa<;'

fid^ei^ (TV TTCO?

e'^co'

oirbcra 5'

kuI

€(j>r],

'x^apt^o/xevo'i,

oti ovBev

oTav

tivI

dXXo

ttoimv

rj

dyaa6a> twv

10. SoKcl ydp fioi, etprj, TrdvTaiXov
fiev ov<;

dv

ti<;

dya6ol<; tov dp')(pvTO
198

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

8-10

" let me tell you that we are not guilty of doing any wrong to the Assyrian but go now, if you wish, and ask him what he has to say." Cyrus, who was present, asked Cyaxares, " May I also tell them what I think " And Cyaxares bade him say on. " Well then," said he, " if Cyaxares has no objec;

.''

king of India that we propose, in case the Assyrian says he has been wronged by us, to choose the king of India himself to be our tion, tell the

arbitrator."

U|X)n hearing

this,

when they had gone

they went

away.

9.

And

out, Cyrus addressed Cyaxares

as follows

" Cyaxares, I came from home without very much of my own, and of what I had I have very little left. 1 have spent it," he said, " ujwn my soldiers. Now you wonder, perhaps, how I have spent it upon them, when you are maintaining them but I want you to know that it has gone for nothing else than rewards and entertainments, whenever I am pleased with any of my soldiers. 10. For," said he, "in the case of all those whom one wishes to

money

make

any enterprise of any seems to me pleasanter to draw them on by kind words and kind services rather than by compulsion and force but in the case of those whom one wishes to make enthusiastic followers in his plans of war, one must by all means try to capture them with kind words and kind offices. For those men who are to be trusty comrades, who will not envy their commander in his successes nor betray him in his adversity, must be his friends and efficient coadjutors in

sort whatsoever, it

;

199

Cyrus

calls

cra^ares for funds

XENOPHON KaKoi<; "jrpohwcyovTa^}

fjbkv

ovv

opav ov aladdvofiai iroKka SokcI elvav aKOireiv 5'

travra

ere

^airavoiVTa arotrov dl^iGi Koivj] Kcbi

ravr ovv iym ovreo Sokm irpoaheiadai. tt/jo?

11.

irpoyLyvcoaKwwx^pijfidTcov

/xoi

ae Kol

ifie oirco^

firj

eiriXei'y^eL

iav yap av d(f)dova ^XV** ol8a on koX ifiol av etrj Xafi^dvetv otrore Beoifirjv, aX-A,©? re Koi el €19 ToiovTov Tt Xafjbfidvoifjti o /xeWoi koX (to\ ')(^prifiara.

hairavr}dev ^iXriov elvai. 12. craf;

"FiVayxo'i ovv

to?

o

crov fxefivrj/xai dxavKara^povoir] crov vvv, on

irore

^Apfievi,o
aKOvei T0v<s TroXefitov; 7rpo(Ti6vTa<; rjfuv, xal ovre TO ^ (rrpdrevfia TrefiTTOt ovre rbv Sacrfiov ov eBei dirdyoi. Ilotet

yhp ravra,

&

e^rj,

Kvpe,

eKelvo^i'

Mare

eycoye diropco irorepov fiOL Kpeirrov arpareveaOai KaX Treipdadat dvdyKrjv avrw irpoadelvai, rj^ edaai ev

r& irapovn,

Kol tovtov iroXifiiov Trpof rol^

fir)

dXkoL'i nrpoaOdoixeOa.

13. Kal o KO/309 iirrjpeTO, Ai 8' olKrj(T€i
irdvv ev ex^pol
rrapaxpVf^^ ^^

dcr(f}a\ec

vTTOxeipLO^ yevecrOai, * wpoSeiffovras ^

xAK, Edd.

rh Schneider, Edd.

'

fj

Hug,

DG2; vwz.

200

et

al.

;

tj

;

elvai

firjBe ;

rov

/jurj

avro^ ye

oaa ivravda Bvvatro

oppuiSva-ovrasyG (shrink in /ear).

not in

MSS.

KvffiT«\et(-rj

E) xF, Dindorf ;

\vtnre\e7i>

CYROPAEDIA, not his enemies.

11.

11.

iv.

10-13

Accordingly, as

this in advance, I think I

1

recognize

need more money.

How-

me

unreasonable for every one to be looking to you, who, I observe, are put to great expense ; but I think that you and I should together lay plans that funds may never fail you. For if you have plenty, I am sure it would be possible ever,

for

it

seems to

me

especially

draw

to if

I

money whenever

should take

it

1

needed

it,

to spend for some-

thing that would be more to your advantage also. 12. *'Now I remember hearing you say one day The recently that the Armenian king despises you now, dofecticm" because he has heard that the enemy are coming against you, and that therefore he is neither sending troops nor paying the tribute which is due." *' Yes, Cyrus," he answered " that is just what ; he is doing and so, for my part, I am in doubt whether it is better to proceed against him and try to enforce allegiance or to let him alone for the present, for fear we bring him also upon us as an enemy, in addition to the others." 13. "But his residences," asked Cyrus, "are they all in fortified places or are perhaps sopie of them in places easy of approach " His residences," answered Cyaxares, "are in places not very well fortified ; I did not fail to attend However, there are mountains where he to that. could take refuge and for a time be safe from falhng into our hands himself, and where he could insure the safety of whatever he could have carried up ;

.''

201

XENOPHON VTreKKOfiicratrOai,

el

fit]

Ti<;

TroXtop/coii]

KadrjjJLevo^, Mcrirep 6 e/z.09 iraTrjp

14. 'E«:

rovTOV

OeXoi^,

€(f)r],

et

Br)

ifxe

6

tovto

irpoa-

eTToirjaev.

Kupo? Xiyet rdSc' l'mrea<;

ire/xyfrat,

fioi

'AA,X'

irpoa-

BoKOvai fierpioi elvai, olfiai av i\ov avrov pRWov rjfilv yevqaeaOai rj vvv ear I. ^et?

OTTOcroL

Tol
6eol
15.

"TToirjaai

6 Kva^dpr)(i elire, Kal e
Kai

eXTTL^co 7r/30
iraihwv croi yeveadai avrov' cocrr t(TO)
OvKovv

SoKel,

crot

€(f)r}

elvai ro XeXrjdevat rjfid^

M.dWov yap avrwv

av,

€(f>r}

6

KO/ao?,

crvfKpopov

ravra ^ovXevovrwi; 6

K.va^dpr)^, koI

eXdoi

^etpa?, Kal el ripa<; Kal tj}? r&v ^Ap/xevia)v, Kai nnrea'i r&v evdevhe eraipmv r]8r) rrpoa-Xa^oov rivd<; rL<;

et?

dxpCKO/Jbrjv.

Td

fiev

rolvvv Ofxoia ttoimv, €<pr) 6 Kva^dprj';, el Be ttoXv ttXckov t) Bwafiif

ovK av viroirrevoio' (f>aLvoiro

779

e%(»i^

eiwda^

Orjpdv,

rovro

rjSrj

viroirrov &v yevoiro. *

iLwapiaKfvoi

Marchant,

Dindorf,

GemoU

;

Breitenbach

;

0LirapaffKtva(Tr6rfpoi y.

anapaffKevaaroi

z,

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

13-16

there secretly, unless some one should occupy the approaches and hold him in siege, as my father did.'' 14. "Well," Cyrus then made answer, "if you would give me as many horsemen as you think reasonable and send me there, I think that with the help of the gods I could make him send the troops and pay the tribute to you. And besides, I hope that he will be made a better friend to us tlian he now is." 15. "I also have hopes," Cyaxares replied, "that they would come to you sooner than to me for I understand that some of his sons were among your and so, perhaps, they companions in the chase would join you again. And if they should fall into your hands, everything would be accomplished as we ;

;

wish."

" Well then," said Cyrus, " do you think it good " policy to have this plan of ours kept a secret ? " Yes, indeed," said Cyaxares "for then some of them would be more likely to fall into our hands, ;

if one were to attack them, they would be taken unprepared." 16. "Listen then," said Cyrus, "and see if you Cyrus** think there is anything in what I say. Now I have ^^^0*1^0 often hunted with all my forces near the boundar}- Armenian between your country and the Armenians, and have even gone there with some horsemen from among my companions here." "And so," said Cyaxares, "if you were to do the same again, you would excite no suspicion but if they should notice that your force was much larger than that with which you used to hunt, this would at once look suspicious."

and besides,

;

203

XENOFHON 'AXV

17.

Kcu

eartv,

Karaa-Kevdcrai

(paaiv Tjv

TL
Kvpo^, koI irpoivOdSe ovk aTnarov, 6

€<j)r]

koI

€K€ccr€ i^ayyeiXj},

fieydX'tjv Orjpav Troirjaav

w? iyw ^ovXoLfirjv

Koi imria^,

alroC-

€(f>i],

dv ere e/c tov (f)av€pov. K.dWi(rra Xiyei^, €r) 6 Kva^dprj';' iyco Se (Toi OVK iOeXr'jCTco BiSovai irXrjv fi€Tptov<; Ttvd<;, to? ^ov\6/xei'o9 iyvpcarara. oirore r]v

Se

TrpoeXTjXvdoLrji; criw

(TV

KoX

0r)pa>7)^

8r)

8vo

iKavov
0^9

fievaov,

dv

8

cry

e)((OV

Trpoa-Q)

vfioiv

Xa^oov elvai,

€Xoc<;

tva,

Svvdfiet,

Trifi'yjrac/J.i

rwv irap

evdv
dXXrjv

TTjV

^

rj/j,ipa
dv

i/juol

toL
koX

dv aoi rjOpoia-

Kot avTO<;

Svvafiiv TrecpM/xrjv fir) €i irov Kaipo<; eh},

eTTKpavecrjv.

18.

rd

OvTOi

(f)povpia

8t)

6

fikv

riOpoi^ev

K.va^dp7}^ evdico'; 7rpo
'nrirea';

Se crcrov Trpovirefnre tvjv cttI

d/j,d^a<;

tu

(f)povpia

iOuero iirl rfj Tropeia, kuI dfia Tre'/iTTft)!/ iirl tov K.va^dpr)v jJTei rSiv vecorepcov iTTTTewv. 6 Se irdvv ttoXXmv ^ovXofxivcov eTreadai ov ttoXXov^ eScoKev avTU). UpoeXTjXvOoro^ 8 i]8t] tov K.va^dpov avv 8vvdfiei Tre^fj koi lirirLKy ttjv 7rp6<; Td (f>povpia 686v yiyveTai tm Kv/sw ra lepd eVl tov ^Apfieviov livai ^ KaXd' koI ovTOi
6

8e

K.vpo
Trapea-KevatTfievo^;.

MSS.

* ftr lots Stephanus, Edd. ; &viois ' Uvat xy, Breitenbach, et al. ; omitted [if raj]

204

Marohant, GemoU.

by Dindorf,

et

al.

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

ry-iS

17. "But," said Cyrus, ''it is possible to devise a pretext that will be credited both here and also there, if some one bring them word that I wish to institute a great hunt ; and horsemen I should ask of you openly." " A very clever scheme " said Cyaxares ; " and I shall refuse to give you more than a reasonable number, on the ground that 1 wish to visit the outposts on the Ass}Tian border. And that will be no lie, for in reality," said he, " I do wish to go there and to make them as strong as possible. And when you have gone ahead with the forces you have and have already been hunting for two days, I will send you a sufficient number of the cavalry and infantry that are mustered with me, and you may take them and make an inroad at once. And I myself, with the rest of my forces, will try to be not far away from you, to make my appearance upon the scene, should occasion require it." 18. Thereupon Cyaxares at once proceeded to get his cavalry and infantry together for visiting the outposts, and to send out wagon-loads of provisions on the road to the outposts. But Cyrus proceeded to offer sacrifice in behalf of his expedition, and at the same time he sent to Cyaxares and eisked for some of his younger horsemen. But, although very many wished to go along, Cyaxares would not give !

him many.

Now after Cyaxares with his forces of cavalry and infantry had already started off on the road to the outposts, Cyrus's sacrifice turned out favourable for proceeding against the Armenian. Accordingly, he led his men out equipped as if for hunting. 205

XENOPHON 19.

Ylopevofievo)

auTcS evOvf; iv rtp TrpdoTM

S'

viraviaTarai Xayco';' deTO Oi]pa xaXr) ')(a)pL(d

m

earai, 20.

Sxnrep

Se

rrrpo^

rot?

eyevovro,

opioid

koi

idijpa-

elcodei

to

Ta OiqpLa i^aviaTalev

he

oi

ev6v
twv

7r\r]0o^

fiev

xal t(ov irmriayv cjy fievov avTw,

irei^oyv

6vT€
dv8pe<;, rjv 6 Oe6
'fl<;

o)?

cTTi-

dpicTToi

/cat

Kol i7nrec<; SteaTacrav Kol TuviaTdfieva VTreBe^ovTO Kal eSicoKOV' kclI rjpovv TroWov
21. 'Ettci

rd

opia

Trj

vaTepaia

opr)

wv

TTOteiTo.

rjaOeTO

ekrj^e

S'

T(ov

avdi<;

copeyeTO.

TO

t!j<{

Se

idijpa

Trpoaiov, viroiTep.'y^a'i

dire'XpvTa'i

ainov

Xavddveiv iirei avT&v rrrapeivai ^

'

Trpo
aTpdrevpia avTOv<;

to?

elirev

hvo rrapaavfi^aXelrat tt/jo? to

heLirvoirotelcrdai &)? co?

he heiirvrjaeLav,^ elire t&> dp)(^0VTi irpof avTov.

iviirrSufvos Cobet,

most Edd.;

p^erd he to heZirvov iirnrra^evos

MSS., Gemoll.

KariS^v Dindorf, Edd. ts nariSdiv xz is KarerSej/ z. Dindorf, Breitenbach, etal. ; Sfivyijffaiev MSS., ;

Senrviiffeiav

Marchant, Gemoll.

2o6

iSenrpoTronjaaTo- koI TrpoaekOoov Trpo
eVet S' Trapd J^va^dpov

(rdyya^, tovto TrpolScbv

^

0i]pa<;, 7rpoa/xi,^a
^Apfievtcov

;

CYROPAEDIA, And

19.

first field

as

II.

iv.

he proceeded on

his

a hare started up.

19-21

way, in the very eagle flying up

And an

from the east ^ caught sight of the hare as it ran and swooping down struck it, seized it, and carried it up, then bore it away to a hill not far off and disposed of his prey at his pleasure. Then Cyrus, observing the omen, was delighted and did homage to Sovereign Zeus and said to those who were by " Our hunt, comrades, please God, will be successful." 20. When they arrived at the frontier, he at once The hunt proceeded to hunt, as he used to do and the most of Amu!ni*i» his men, on foot and on horseback, were marching in frontier :

;

a straight line before him, in order to start up the game as they approached. But the best of his foot and horse stood at intervals and lay in wait for what was started up, and pursued it in relays. And they took many boars, deer, antelope, and wild asses for many wild asses breed in those regions even unto ;

this day.

And when he stopped hunting, he marched up Armenian border and dined and on the following day, he went up to the mountains toward which he was aiming and hunted again. And when again he stopped, he sat down to dinner but when he saw the army from Cyaxares approaching, he sent to them secretly and bade them take their dinner at a distance of about two jjarasangs, for he foresaw that this also would contribute to the secrecy of his design but he ordered their conmiander to come to him when they had finished their dinner. Then, 21.

to the

;

;

;

*

oT
(good)

home

means, strictly speaking, "auspicious," "bringing ; " and good omens came from the east, the

omens

of light.

207

XENOPHON ra^tdp^ov<; irapeKoXei'

Tov
"AvBp6<;

22.

6

<^'l\oi,

hk

eirei

Traprjaav,

irpoaOev

^App.iuio'i

puev

^v koX virrjKoo^ K.va^dpij' vvv S'
Koi

crv/J,paxo'i

rjv

Bvvcopeda,

cv

TToielv. fir]Ofj<;

r&v

rfkOopbev.

ocTov fierpiov,

crvv rjpiv

Wl

e5S'

ovv,

€(f)r],

SoKec

Xpucrai/Ta, eTreiSav

diroKOL-

Xa^cov

JJepawv

0)

fiiv,

rov<{

rifiLcret<;

KaraXa^e ra

opeivrjv koi

rrjv

649 d a(riv avrov, orav ri c^o^rfdy, Kara23. (f)a(rl (pevyeiv r)
Trpb

rov a-Tpar€vpaTO
ioiK6ra
dv

€1

(Toi,

Tivi

€v^covov<; dvBpa<; XrjcrTal-s

Kal Ta9

'rr\r)do<}

evTV'y)(dvoLev

aTo\d<;,

tcov

ovtol

^Apfievtcov,

dv (j-vX\ap,^dvovre
avTOiv KcoXvotev BvvaiVTO Xa/x^dveiv, dv ifnroBwv ylyvoivTO tov ^ firj d'iro(Tol3ovvTe9 24. koX
Tou?

/jL€v

tS)v e^ayyeXiMV, ov
€<j>T),

ouTO)

iroiei'

t&v

eym

fir)

dpba

Be

ttj

rjP'epa

toi'9

e^wv, ttuvtw; Be T0v
r}p,i<jet
BrjXov

OTi

*

208

fxeTaSeiv

evTavda

(})€vyy,

trel^SiV

Brj,

Be^^trer e(f>r},

TOV MSS., most Edd.

;

rjv

aov

5'

6t9

epyov

rh Dindorf, Hug.

rd

oprf

firjBeva

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

21-24

captains; and as follows 22. " My friends, the Armenian king formerly was Cyrus Uys both an ally and a dependent of Cyaxares but ^^i^ now since he has seen the enemy coming upon before his '^P'^"" us, he is insolent and neither sends us his comNow, plement of soldiers nor pays his tribute. therefore, he is the game we have come to catch, And here is the plan that I think if we can. we should pursue do you, Chr}santa.s, when you His instrue have liad as much rest as you reasonably need, take chrysantM half of the Persians who are with us, and following the mountain road take possession of the heights to which they say he flees for refuge when anyI %vill furnish you with guides. thing alarms him. 23. Now they say that these mountains are thickly wooded, and so I have hopes of your not being seen. Nevertheless, suppose you send ahead of your army some active men, in the guise of brigands both as to numbers and accoutrements ; these, if they met any Armenians, would capture them and so prevent their spreading any reports ; or, if they failed to capture them, they would frighten them away and so prevent their seeing the whole of your army, and would thus cause them to take precautions as against only a band of thieves. 24. Do you, then," said he, " do after dinner,

he called together

his

when they had come he addressed them

;

:

but I, at break of day, with half the infantry the cavalry, will proceed through the plain And if he resists, we straight toward the capital. shall have to fight, of course and if he abandons the but if he field, of course we shall have to chase him flees to the mountain, then it is your business not to let any one of those who come your way escape.

this

and

;

all

;

;

209

XENOPHON d
ae u^iKvovfxivcov.

8e coanrep ev Orjpa r}p,a^ fxev TOV
eaeadai,

ae Be rov

ovv CKelvo

on

xaT?

iirX

Bet

<j>ddv€iv

25. vofMi^e

eiri^rirovvTa^^

apKvai'

fxi/jbvrjao

7re(f>pa'y/jLevov'i

TTopovi irplv Ktveladai Ti]v Orjpav.

tov^;

xal XeXrjdevai

/leWovac firj ra 7rpo(T(f)ep6/xeva. 26. fxrj fievroi, ^pvcrdvTa, ovrco<; av iroiei coairep eviore

Bel Tov
Be

dirorpe^lretv €<j)r],

Btk

(o

rrjv

<\>iko9irjpiav'

vuKTa dvTTvo^ TOv
dvBpa<;

ttoXKukl^
dWd

7rpa'y/j,aTever

to

fxeTpiov

vvv edaai

dTTOKOifirjdijvai,

&>?

rrjv '^pi]

av

Bvvcovrat vTrvopia')(elv.

ov^

27. yirjBe ye, ore

ifkava dvd rd

oprj,

aXV

ottt)

Tai, ravrr) fieTa6ec
^ara Tropevov,

dWd

dv6 pcairovf; dv rd drjpia vcjir)'yrjkoX vvv ovtco rd Bva-

r}
KeXeve

edv

TToXv fidaacov r/ 6So9 ^, rrjv paa-rrjv ^yelardar a-rparia 29. dyadov Be koI rSiV fiecra) rrj
fir)

*

2IO

i-Ki^Ttrwvras Stephanus,

Edd.

;

hri^rtT-i\ffoinas

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

25-30

And

bear in mind that, just as in hunting, we be the ones beating out the game, you the man in charge of the nets. Remember this, then, that the runs must be blocked before the game starts and those at the entrance to those runs must keep out of sight, if they are not to turn the animals aside as they come on. 26. However," he added, "do not in this case do as you sometimes do, Chrysantas, in your fondness for hunting you often keep yourself busy all night without sleeping but now you should let your men rest long enough, so that they may be able 25.

shall

;

:

;

to resist drowsiness. 27. "Again, do not, because you personally are accustomed to wander up and down the mountains without following human guides but running after the game wherever it leads you do not now go into such dangerous and difficult places, but order your guides to lead you by the easiest road, unless it is much too long for the easiest road is the shortest for an army, 28. And do not lead your men at a run because you are used to running up mountains, but lead with moderate haste, that your army may be able to follow you easily. 29. And it is a good thing for some of the strongest and most zealous to fall back sometimes and encourage the rest and when the column has passed by them, it is an incentive to all to hasten when these are seen running past them as they walk." 30. On hearing this, Chrysantas was elated with his commission from Cjtus he took his guides and went away, and after giving what orders he thought necessarj' to those who were to go with him he went

—

;

;

;

211

XENOPHON 8k dTTCKOifiTjOrjaav o
pevero

iirl

ra

oprj.

31. K.vpo<; Se, €7r€iBr) -qfiepa iyivero,

tov Wpfiiviov,

djyeXov fiev

avr5> Xiyeiv K.vpo<;, & ^Ap/jAvie, /ceXevet ovtco Troiecv ae (SSe* OTTO)^ 0)9 Td)(^i
elircov

Xeye KavravOa rdXrjOr] ort ovk olada. idv 8' OTToaot, iajxev irvvddvTjTaL, avfiTre/x-Treiv jiva KeXeue koI fiaOelv. 32. Tov fiev Brj a/yyekov ima-reiXa^ ravra elvat, fj fir) €7refi-\Jre, vopi^wv ^iXiKcorepov ovr(o
T0t9 aTpaTici)TaL<; firjSeva dSiKeiv, koI et Tt? ^ApfieT&) ivTvyy^dvoL, Oappelv re "jrapayyeXXeiv xal

vLwv

dyopav tov OeXovra

ciyeiv ottov

av

mctlv, etVe crtTa

etT6 iroTO, Tvy)(^dvoi ircoXeiv ^ovX6jj,evo
oXaois

tnlhi,

tit

AH

EC

CYROPAEDIA,

II.

iv.

30-32

rest. And when they had slept as long as he thought reasonable, he started for the mountains. 31. And when it wjis day, Cyrus sent forward a Cyrua'a messenger to the Armenian with instructions to '^*™*'"™ speak to him as follows " ' King of Armenia, Cyrus bids you take steps as quickly as possible to deliver And if he asks to him the tribute and the troops.' where I am, tell the truth and say that I am at the

to

:

frontier.

And

if

he asks whether

I

also

in person, tell the truth in that case also

am coming and say that

you do not know. But if he inquires how many men we are, bid him send some one along with you and find out."

instructions he sent the messenger he thought that this was a more friendly course than to march up>on him without notice. And 32.

off,

With such

for

he himself set out with his army in the formation which he thought best adapted both for covering He ordered distance and for fighting if necessary. his soldiers to molest no one, and, if any one met any Armenians, to bid them have no fear but to say that if any one of them wished to sell food or drink, he should feel free to bring it wherever they were and open a market.

•u

BOOK

111

THE CONQUEST OF ARMENIA AND SCYTHIA The

First

Great Battle

I

*0

1.

vio
ft)9

Kot

on

dBiKoirj

TO

^aaiXeia olKohofxelv

dp)(^6/J£vo<; o)?

IjAyjeadaL

fxev BteTrefMirev

Kol rd
Kal

rd<;

T)v rr}v

ravra

St]

oprj

dvyarepa
rov vecorepov eavrov koI

v'lov

rrjv

Xd^apiv rod viov,

koI Koafiov Se kol KaraaxevTrpo7rofji7rov<;

avrb
rl irpdrjoi K.vpo<;, dfia Se cruvirarTe rov
aav dXkoi evravOa

VTre^copei. \Apfjbevioi,

Xeyovre'i

on

koX

koX ra^v iraprj-

eh

Sr)

avro^

ofioO.

8r}

ovKen

dx;

Se rovr eiSov ironjaavra avrov

erXtj

hiehihpaaKov

rov, ^ovXafxevoi,

2l6

dv 'iKavd diro-

ttjv re

7rapayi,yvofi€VOV<; ra>v 'Ap/j.evlcov'

3.

TO

ejneWe ra

irdvTa okvmv d/Mt

ifkeiarov d^iav crvvaireTrefiire

8ov
ocpd'^crea-Oai

dOpoi^cov Tr}v eavrov Svvafiiv, dfia

eh rd

S' eirefiiTev

Sid

Kol

TrifiTrcov,

on

2.

top hacxfwv

zeal

ov

fxeycarov, €(f)o^€lro,

etrj.

6 Se ^Apfie-

rov dyyeXov ra irapa K.vpov,

rfKovcre

i^eTrX-dyT], ivvorjaa<;

XeLTTCOV

^v

K0/)O9 iv TOVTOi<;

fjikv Sri

r^hi]

')(elpa
eicaaro^

rd ovra eKirohmv

ekdelv, dX)C

iiri

ot

rd eav-

troielaOai.

BOOK

III

was thus employed but when the "Hie 1. CvRUs **** Armenian king heard from the envoy the message ^^ „£ Cyrus's of Cyrus, he was alaiTued, for he knew tliat he was ^p^'"***' doing wrong in withholding the tribute due and in failing to send the troops, and he was afraid most of all because he saw that he was sure to be detected in ;

the act of beginning to build his palace in such a way as to render it strong enough for armed resistance. consciousness of all these 2. Disturbed by the faults, he sent around and collected his forces, and at the same time he sent away to the mountains his younger son, Sabaris, and the women, both his queen and his son's wife, and his daughters. And he sent along with them his most valuable jewels and chattels and gave them an escort. At the same time he sent scouts to spy out what Cyrus was doing, while he went on assigning p>ositions in his service to the Armenians as they came in to him. Presently still others arrived with the news that the man him3. Then he no longer liad the self was quite near. courage to join battle with him but retreated. When the Armenians saw him act thus, they dispersed at once, each to his own possessions, wishing to get their belongings out of the way.

217

XENOPHON

O

oe

Kupo?

«l)9

€(t)pa

StadeovTiov koL eXavvov-

Ttov TO Trehlov fieaTOV, vTroTri/XTrmv eXeyev oti ovSevl

7roX€fiio
^evyovra

ovt(o

•X^prjcrono.

B ot vire^copovv 4.

tS>v

etrj

fxevovrcov.

Eiirel 8' oi

Be

el

\^-\jroiTO, Trporjyopevev on-

&)
riva

TrdXe/XLO)

ttoWoI Karefievov, rjaav avv tw ^aa-iXec. avv rai'; yvvai^l 7rpol6vTe<; ivsireBt} ol jxev

opei,

Kpavyyjv re eu6v
Kul (pevyovTCf rjXiaKovro ttoXXol ye avroiv. TeXo
TTai? kul

edXma-av, kov ra

yvvaiKe<; Kal al 6vyarepe
ai

oaa avv

')(^pr)fjLara

avToi<; dyo-

fxeva erv^ev.

O

Be ^acriXev^ avro'^,^

airopcov irol 5.

o

S'

av

TpdnoiTO J^vpo'i

co?

jjadeTo ra yiyvo/xeva,

iirl X6cf)ov

ravTa

riva Kara^evyei.

IBrnv

\6(f>ov TcS irapovTL arparevfiari,

(rdvrav XiTTovra

7refi\j/a^

yjKetv.

trepdaraTat top koX

tt/oo?

Xpu-

eKeXeve (pvXaKrjv rov opov<; kutu-

ro

fxev Br]

crrpaTevfia -rjOpol^eTO

TO) K.vpo).

'O Be 7refi'\jra<s 7r/)09 top ^Ap/j,eviov KijpvKa rjpero EtVe /jloi, ecfuj, m ^App,evie, irorepa ^ovXei avTov fievcov tco Xi/xw kul too Biylrei ixd')(eadai, a)Be'

rj

TO IcroireBov fcaTa^a^ tj/jllv Bia/jid')(^ea6ai; AireKpivaTo 6 Apfievio^ otl ovBeTepoi
ct9

/j,d^ea-Oai.

6.

irdXiv

Kvpo<;

6

Tre/x-v/ra?

rjpcora

Tt ovv Kd6rj(rai evTavda Kal ov KaTa^aivei^; 'Atto/owi/, e^Tj, 6 Ti ' avrSs Pantazides, Breitenbach.

2l8

XPV

most

TToielv.

Edd.; awTwc

MSS.,

Dindorf,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

i.

3-6

And when Cyrus saw the plain full of men running about and driving away, he sent secretly to say that he had no quarrel with any who remained but he declared that if he caught any one trying to get away, he should treat him as an enemy. Accordingly, the most of them remained, but some retreated with ;

the king. 4. Now as those with the women in charge went Cbiymntas forward they came upon the forces in ti>e mountain. ^Hu*^**** At once they raised a cry and as they tried to escape ^"SJ'^i'*" many of them were caught. And finally the young

prince and the wives and daughtei-s were captured all the treasure that happened to be in the

and

train.

When

the king himself learned what was going on, quandary which way to turn and took refuge upon a certain hill. 5. And when C}tus saw The king this he surrounded the hill with the troops he had eJitrapped with him and sent orders to Chrysantas to leave a guard upon the mountains and come. Thus Cyrus's army was being brought together. Then he sent a herald to the Armenian to ask him the follo%ving question " Tell me, king of Armenia," he said, "whether you prefer to remain there and

he was

in a

:

fight against

hunger and

the plain and fight

it

thirst, or to

out with us

"

come down

into

?

The Armenian answered

that he had no wish to Again Cyrus sent to him and then do you sit there and refuse to

fight against either.

asked

:

"Why

come down?

"

6.

" Because," he answered,

"I am

in a

quandary

what to do."

219

XENOPHON 'AXV e^cffTi

ovhev,

jdp

e<pr}

6

croL iirX SIkijv

Kv/jo?,

airopelv

ae

Set'

Kara^aiveiv,

Tt? S', €(f)rj, ecrrat, 6 ScKa^oov; ArfKov on (o o c/eo? eocoKe kul avev biKr]
rovTW

he r5) y^povta 6 irpecr^vrepo^

Tofl ^Apfjievlov Ttypdvr]<;

e^

diroSrjfMia'; tivo<;

^

iral^

irpoa-

Kat 6? KoX avv9T}p6 K.vp(p' fjKovae rd yeyevijfieva, evOv^ iropeverai caairep w? S' elSe irarepa re koI el%6 7r/309 rov Kvpov. puqrepa koX dSe\(})ov9

yey evrjfxevovi, iSd/cpvcrev, wairep avTov dWo fiev ovBev on Et9 Kaipov i(j>i\,o(f>pov^aaTO avT&, elire B '!jKei<;, e(f)r}, otto)? t^9 B{,Kr)<; aKOvcrrj^; ^ irapcov t^9 d/M
8.

6 he K.vpo
rov^ rcov ^irjBoiV irpocreKakei Kal ec Ti9 ^Apfievicov rcov ivTL/jicov Traprjv. kclI t^9 yvvaiKa
Bk

nrpia^vraros xy {oldest). z, Edd. Weiske, later Edd. rks aSf\cpas MSS. " aKova-ps xzD, Dindorf ^, Breitenbach, GemoU, Marchant, et al. ; iKovarets F. ; aKovcei Dindoii *, Hug. ^

vpeafivrepos

2 a56A(^oi>s

;

;

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

i.

6-9

But," said Cyrus, " there

is uo occasion whatever you are free to come dowTi for trial." "And who," said he, ''will be my judge?" " He, to be sure, to whom God has given the power to deal with you as he will, even without a '*

for that

;

for

trial."

Then the Armenian,

recognizing the exigency of

came down. And Cyrus received both the king and all that belonged to him into the midst and set his camp round them, ibr by this time he his case,

had 7.

all his forces

Now

together.

at this juncture Tigranes, the king's elder

from a journey abroad. He it was who had been Cyrus's companion once on a hunt and when he heard what had occurred, he came at once, just as he was, to Cyrus. And when he saw his father and mother and brothers and sisters and his o^vn \vife all made prisoners, he wept, as might be expected. 8. But Cyrus, when he looked upon him, showed him no token of friendship, but merely remarked " You son, returned

;

:

have come just in time to attend your father's trial." And immediately he called together the officers of The court both the Medes and the Persians and all the Armenian nobles who were present. And the women who were there in their carriages he did not exclude but permitted them to attend. 9. When everything was in order, he began his examination " King of Armenia," said he, " I advise :

you in the

first

place in this

trial to tell

the truth.

asi

the king

XENOPHON TO evfJLia-tjTOTarov' TO yap -y^evhofievov <^aiev cadi otl koI rov (rvy'yi>cofn]
CLTTTJ

veadat,

dWa

iradelv^ rju iyo) rdXijOP] Trvdcofiai.

'AXV

ipcora,

ToXrjdrj

o) Kvpe, o tl ^ovXei, q}<; rovTOV eveKa koX yeveadw 6

e<pr},

ipovvTO<;.

rt ^ovXerai.

Ae^e

10.

ttotc 'A<7tuirarpX Kal rot? aXkoi
Br] pxii, €(j>rj, iiroXifirjadti

dr/ei rat rrjq

ifiijii

/at/t/jo?

M'^8ot<;;

"£70)7',

€(f>T].

S' i/tt' avrov arvv(OfioX6yrjaa
K.paTr)6el^

otaeiv Kal

"^

Kal ipvfutra

^Hv

e^etv;

rav-ra.

Nw

ovv

TO

ovre

p,r)

8id

ri

rov

ovT€

a-rpdrevfia

haajiov

eirefnTa,

eTei'x^c^h

diryyes re rd

ipvfjiaTa;

^EiXevOepiaii eireOvpovv

KaXov ydp

Kal avrov eXevOepov eXevdepiav KardXirrelv. elvat 1 1

.

Kat

ydp

iarcv,

e<pr)

elvac 6

fiot

Kal

KO/oo?,

eBoKCt Traialv

KaXov

pd'X^eadai, otto)? prjirore ri^ S0OX09 fieXXoc yevr]-

(jeadar 1

rjv

vvffTpartvffeatai

ffvffrpaTfiKTaffdai «

222

he

Siroi

Br]

r)

Kparrj$el<;

7roXep,a>

Stephanus,

Edd.

;

z.

Dindorf later Edd. ,

;

'6irov

MSS.

rj

Kal xy

CYROPAEDIA, that you

may be

III.

i.

9-n

guiltless of that offence

which

is

hated more cordially than any other. For let me assure you that being caught in a barefaced lie stands most seriously in the way of a man's receiving any mercy. In the next place/' said he, "your children and your wives here and also the Armenians present are cognizant of everything that you have done and if they hear you telling anji;hing else than the facts, they will tliink that you are actually condemning your own self to suffer the extreme penalty, if ever I discover the truth." ;

"Well, Cyrus," said he, "ask what you will, and I will tell the truth, let happen what

be assured that

will as a result of it." 10. "Tell me then," said the other, "did you ever have a war with Astyages, my mother's father, and " with the rest of the Medes ? " Yes," he answered, " I did." " And when you were conquered by him, did you agree to pay tribute and to join his army, wherever he should command you to go, and to own no

forts

?

"Those are the facts." " Why, then, have you now tribute

failed

to

pay the

and to send the troops, and why have you "

been building forts ? " I longed for liberty for it seemed to me to be a glorious thing both to be free myself and to bequeath ;

my

children." are right," said Cyrus "it is a noble thing to fight that one may never be in danger of

liberty to 11.

"You

becoming a

slave.

;

But

if

any one has been conquered

a23

XENOPHON aWov

Tiva

rpoirov

CTrc'^eip&u

tov\o)6eX
ti<;

(paLvrjrai tov<$ heaTroTa
TOV

TrpwTO^ TTOTcpov

(TV

KoXa TrpdrrovTa

rcfid^

ayaObv dvSpa koI

d><;

eo9

rj

dScKOVvra,

rjv \d^rj<;,

/co\d^€i.<s;

KoXa^ft),

6v

TTorepov

aacpM^,

8r} rjV

yap ea?

01)

€i]'

Aiye eKaarov

12.

Kad*

KO/J09,

6

Tt9 't^XV o"o* icaX dfjidprrj,

dp)(^ri)v

dp^eiv

e'a?

crv ^jrevSeadai.

e(f)r)

dWov

rj

dvr

KadiaTT]
avTOv; "AXXoi/ KaOcaTTj/jLi.

Tt rj

Be,

ttoWo.

rjv "X^pTjfjbaTa

irXovrelv

ia
e')(r],

TrevTjTa TTotet?; *A(f)aipov/jbai, e^rf,

*Hv

8e Kol

av e'xwv

rv'y')(dvr}.

7rpo9 iroXejiiovi

yLyvdtXTKrjf;

avrbv

dcjiiard/jbevov, tI 7rotei9;

KaraKaLVd),

on

-ylrevSofiai

ri

e(br]'

airodavetv

yap Set fidWov rj

iXeyxOevTa rdXrjdrj

\e-

yovra; 13,

"Ev^a

Zt]

6

avTOv

7rat9

fiev

0)9

r/Kovcre

ridpav kuI TOv
ravra, irepieairdaaro

XcoXorcov Ke\evara
(T(fi(ov ^

elirev,^

fikv

to,

Etei/*

rjpZv

Ki)/oo9 /xev

he

rl

Srf

a-icoTrija-ac

ad

SUaca

avfi^ov\€v€i
iaccoira drrop&v irorepa

*Apfiivio
C^G'F^ most Edd. wc(i/t«v a-cpuy xyz, Dindorf, moat Edd. vaKiy ehey xy, Gemoll.

•

ffS>y

'

€ljr«»' z,

224

8r)

koI

ijhvj.

ravra, w ^Apfxevie' ix rovrcov iroielv;

'O

rrjv

;

;

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

L 11-13

war or in any other way reduced to servitude and then caught attempting to rob his masters of himself, are you the first man to reward him as an honest man and one who does right, or do you punish him " as a malefactor if you catch him ? " I punish him," said he ; " for you will not let me tell a He." 12. "Answer each of these questions explicitly then," said Cyrus; "if any one happens to be an officer under you and does wrong, do you permit him to continue in office or do you put another in his in is

place

" "

" ?

put another in his place." And what if he has great possessions do you allow him to continue rich, or do you make him " poor ? " I confiscate all that he may happen to possess," I

—

said he. '* And if you find out that he is trying to desert to " the enemy, what do you do ? "I put him to death," said he; "1 may as well confess, for why should I convict myself of lying and be put to death for that, instead of telling the truth?" 13. Then his son, when he heard this, stripped off his turban and rent his garments, and the women cried aloud and tore their cheeks, as if it were all over with their father and they were already lost. But Cyrus bade them be silent and said "Very well, king of Armenia so that is your idea of justice in accordance with it, then, what do you advise us to :

;

;

do?"

Then the Armenian was

silent, for

he was

in a

225

The king

'^^

XENOPHON avfi^ovXevoi

t& Kypw KaraKaiveiv avrov ^

vavTia SiSdcTKOi 7rai
avTOV

eVet

K.vpe,

^ avfi^ovKevdb) ^eXriara elvai;

eotKCv,

K.al 6 6

Ku/909,

Ti'ypdvrj<;,

davfia^ofievov viro rov

avrov aKovcrai 6

ttuttjp

diropovvTi olfiai aoi

avrw avrw avvovra kul

ore avvedypa

rjcrdrip.evo'i,

a'Ocf)ta'Ti]V

Be

top K^vpov, EiTre

avrov a

d

irepl

tu-

14. 6

iroieiv.

ecprj

Ti
0)

ecjiT),

fjLOi,

oiv avTO<;

Tiva

Tiypdvov, irdvv iiredvfieL epoirj- Kal 7rpo6vfjLO)<;

iror

ri

eKekevcre Xeyeiv 6 ri yiyvcoaKOL. 15. 'E7&)

roivvv,

€(f)i]

ayacrai rov 7rarpo
el

irdvv fievrot

Tiypdvrjf,

avpu^ovXevco rovrov

aoi

aoi SoKec

av/x^ovXevci) rovrov

6

oaa ^e^ovXevrai

rj

fir]

irdvra

el

p.ev

rj

oaa

/Mip,el-

ypaprrjKevac,

p,ifjbeladat.

rd BiKaia iroicov K.vpo<;, OvKovv, e(f)T] 6 rjKKrr^ av rov dfiaprdvovra fiifMOi/xrjv. "Ear IV, e(f)i], ravra. K.oXaar€ov dp av eirj Kard ye rov aov \6yoi rov Traripa, elnrep rov dhiKovvra BcKaiov koXd^eiv.

Uorepa ra>

cTftj

ay

S'

dyaOo)

rjyel,

(a

K.vpe,

d/xeLVov

rd<; rificopia^ Troieiadai

elvai 7)

avv

avv rfj

^'nfila;

'Efiavrbv dpa, 16.

y av

'AWa ^rjpiolo,

€(f)7),

p,evroi,,

el rov
ovrco e^rj

y av

rifimpoipLTqv,

Tiypdvr)^,

OTTore aoL rrXeiarov d^toi elev K€Krrja6ai.

226

fieydXa

aeavrov KaraKaivoL
CYROPAEDIA,

111.

i.

13-16

quandary whether to advise Cjtus to put him to death or to propose to him a course opposite to that which he admitted he himself always took. 14. But Tigrane* his son Tigranes put a question to Cyrus, saying fither'i'aL " Tell me, Cyrus, since my father seems to be in doubt, may I advise you in regard to him what 1 think the best course for you ?" Now Cyrus had observed when Tigranes used to go hunting with him that there was a certain philosopher with him who was an object of admiration to Tigranes consequently he was very eager to hear what he would say. So he bade him express his opinion with confidence. 15. "Well," said Tigranes, "if you approve either of my father's theory or his practice, then I advise you by all means to imitate him. But if you think he has done wrong throughout, I advise you not to :

;

imitate him." "Well then," said Cyrus, "if I should do what is right, I should surely not be imitating the one who

does wrong."

"That is true," said he. "Then, according to your reasoning, your father must be punished, if indeed it is right that the one who does wrong should be punished."

"Which do you think is better for you, Cyrus, to mete out your punishments to your benefit or to your own injury?" " In the latter case, at least," said he, " J should be punishing myself 16. "Aye, but you would be doing yourself a great injury," said Tigranes, "if you should put your friends to death just at the time when it was of the greatest advantage to you to have them."

227

XENOPHON n«i>9

av,

S*

Tore

KO/309,

€(f)r)

ir^eiaTOV

d^ioi ytyvoLvro avOpcoirot oTrore ahtKovvre^ aki-

aKotvTo;

Ei T0T6,

olfiac, aa)(f)pove'i

fwt,

&

ovB

aW?;?

aa)(f)povi

av

iroXei;

')(^pij<Jifio
17.

TovT

rj

yap

avSpelw

irXovaiw,

Se

av, fir)

8e

ri

avv 8k (Tox^poavvrj Kal

(ptko^

Kal depdvcov Tra? dya06
r^Be

irarrjp ev

Tt

rt

elvat,'

la^vpa>

ri,
tTTTTt/cw]/

[^

Swdarrj iv Tra?

dperP]^ ovSev 6
'^(^pijcratT

€(f>7),

SoKec yap

yiyvoiVTO.

}£vp€, ovTcof ex^iVt auev fiev acocfipoavvrjt,

Xiyec^

ecfiT],

ttj

fiid rjixipa

&)?

kol

6

fro?

i^ dcppovo^ aux^pwv

yeyevrjrat;

VLdvv

fiev ovv,

€r).

dpa

t?}?

TidOrjixa

araxppoavvTjv,

TTjv

Xeyeif

'^^

'^^X^'^

wairep Xvtttjv, ov

elvat

ov

fiddrjfMa'

yap &v BrjiTov, ecye (ppovtfjLov Set yeveaOat rov pAXkovTa aax^pova eaeaOai, TrapaxpVH^ ^^ d(^povo<{
18.

Tt

av Ti? yevocro. €(pr), 0) KOpe,

B\

ovtto)

Kal

•^crOov

eva dvSpa 8i d
Treiravpevov ttj^ S*,

€(f)r],

7rpo
OVTTCO

tt/jo?

tovtov

edipaKat;

'^Trrjdfj,

d(f>po
iroXiv

evOv<;

ttoKlv

dvriTarTopivrjv

ttoXlv eripav, ^9 iTreiSdv rjTrrjOfj Trapaxp'ipct

TavTTj avrX rov p-dx^aOai TreldecrOat idekei; 1

[fl

iTfTiKcf

228

lirTtiK^I Schneider, most Edd. Dindorf, Sauppe, et al.

;

% Iitvik^

MSS.

;

ri

5'

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

L 16-18

"How," said Cyrus, "could men be of the greatest advantage to me just at the time when they were caught doing wrong?" "They would be, I think, if at that time they The For it seems to me to be ^^iBcretioii should become discreet. true, C3TUS," said he, " that without discretion there for what," is no advantage at all in any other virtue he continued, "could one do with a strong man or a brave man, or what with a rich man or a man of power in the state if he lacked discretion ? But every friend is useful and every servant good, if he be endowed with discretion." 17. "Do you mean to say, then," Cyrus answered, "that in one day's time your father has become discreet when he was indiscreet before ? "Yes," said he, " I do, indeed." ;

"By

that you mean to say that discretion is an of the soul, as sorrow is, and not an For I do not suppose that a man could acquisition.^ instantly pass from being indiscreet to being discreet, if indeed the one who is to be discreet must first have become wise." 18. "What, have you never observed, Cyrus," said he, "that when a man indiscreetly ventures to fight a stronger man than himself and has been worsted, he is instantly cured of his indiscretion toward that And again," he continued, "have particular man? you never seen how when one state is in arms against another it is at once willing, when defeated, to submit to the victor instead of continuing the fight?" ^ Xenophon makes Cyrus apparently accept the Socratio doctrine that wisdom and the other virtues are matters for learning, the results of study and practice— not a mood, like sorrow, anger, or any other emotion. affection

229

XENOPHON 19. Tloiav iraTpo'i

vicrdat

'^Hv fiev

^

Kal

KO/JO?,

o

la-)(vpi^ei

tov

avrov; VT)

Ai,

SovXo^

a

Se

ovSev

fi€vo<;

SiaTTpd^aaOai.

\rj6'q
e^airarrjaat

waTrep dv rt?

8'

Xadelv

tovtcov

ae

€\€vd€pia
ovheir coir ore yevo-

a)?

^pijvai

(prjdr)

airofitaaacrOaL,

kavT
(TVVOlheV

€(firj,

€"771,6 Vfiij(Ta<;,

fievo<;, 7]

e^r;

S',

rjrrav Xeytov ovra)
Se olSev,

rj

cjiddcrai

iKavo^

yevo-

a

e/3ou-

fiev

avrov, outo)? i^aTraTyjaavTU

TV\ov
Kal

Ka)ov<;

Kal

firjS'

otiovv

a he (prjOrjq Xadeiv y^prjvai, ovt(o ae olSe XaOovra axTre a evofii^ev eavrm ex^P^ X^P^^ aTroKetcrdat, ravra crv €ipKTa<;

(fipovovvra'i

e^a-naTr^creiev

avTO) ' eXa^e? 7rpoKaraaKevdaa
JIoXv ye fidWov, fidyrf

6

Tt? riTT7]6fj.

6

€(f>r)

p-ev

Tiypdvr}<;,

yap

i(T')(yi

rj

orav

KparrjOel^;

dvapa'X^eladar Kal irpoaXa^ova-ai otovrat dvapLa')(e(Taa9aL dv ov<; 8' dv ^eXriovf; rive
TToXet?

ye

dXovcrat

o-u/i/ia^oi'?

not in z, Zeune, Saiippe, Hug. xy, most Edd. (rot z (in G marked for ouTy xFD'^, Gemoll kavrcji erasure) ; travr^ Ed. ; ffv Sauppe, Dindorf. ^

fl

2

230

;

;

W

;

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

i.

19-20

"To what

defeat of your father's do you "that you are so confident that he has been brought to discretion by it?" "Why that, by Zeus," Tigranes answered, "which How the he is conscious of having sustained, inasmuch as ^^eifia when he aimed at securing liberty he has become learned discretion ., ti a slave than ever, and as he has not been more ot/•i able to accomplish a single thing of all that he thought he should effect by secrecy or by surprise or by actual force. And he knows that when you desired to outwit him, you did it as effectually as one could do who set out to deceive men blind or deaf or deprived of all their senses ; and when you thought you ought to act secretly, you acted with such secrecy that the fortified places which he thought he had provided for his own safety you had secretly turned into prisons for him in advance. And so much did you surpass him in dispatch, that you came from a distance with a large army before he could muster the forces he had at home." 20. "Well," said Cyrus, "do you really think that such a defeat is adequate to make men discreet mean, when they find out that others are their " superiors ? " Yes," said Tigranes, " much more than when they are defeated in combat. For the one who is overcome by strength sometimes conceives the idea that, if he trains his body, he may renew the combat. Even cities too, when captured, think that by taking 19.

refer," said Cyrus,

jLT_

—

on new allies they might renew the fight. But if people are convinced that others are superior to themselves, they are often ready even without compulsion to submit to them,"

231

XENOPHON 21. Xv, e^r}, eoiKa^ ovk oiecrOai rov<; vfipiara^i Tov
'yL'yvoiCTKeLv

T0U9 /cXeTTTa? y^evhofievovf;

a8iKovvTa
e(j)r],

ovKer

on

teal

to,

vvv

'^/jLireSov

7]/ji€i<;

ovSe tov<; ovSe T01/9 hUaia iroiovvTa^' ovk olaOa, 6 0-09 irarrjp iyfrevaaro Koi

roi)^ tov<;

^

ovS*

KXeTTTOvra^,

fir]

toXijOt]

XiyovTa
ra^

oTiovv

(ov

'

Acrrvdyr}^

avvedero

Trapa^avvo/xev 22.

'AXV

ouS* iyo) tovto Xeyco

tt>9

to yv&vai

pbovov Toii^ j3€\TLova
BoSovai VTTO

T&v

^eSjTLovoiv, wGirep 6

ifi6<:

irarrjp

vvv hihaxTLV.

'Aw',

e0?7 o K{)/)09, o

ye

0-09 Trarrjp ireirovOe

OTIOVV TTW KUKov (po^elrcd ye fiivrot €v oto on fiT) travra ra Gayara Traurj. 23. Otet ovv n, e^rj 6 Ttypdvr]<;, /xdWov p,€v

ovS*

KaraSovXovcrOai dv6p(07rov
fiivoif; 6Tt

'

^

23»

fifjiirfSov Cobet, Edd. ; ovk ^^rjnirgSov MSS. Bracketed by Madvig and most later Edd. {are despond-

ovKtr'

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

21-24

i.

21. "You seem to think," said the other, "that the insolent do not recognize those more discreet than they, that thieves do not recognize honest men, that liars do not recognize the truthful, and wrongdoers those who do right. Do you not know," he continued, "that even now your father has played false and has not kept his agreement with us, although he knew that we have not been violating " any of the agreements made by Astyages ? but neither do I mean that simply 22. " Yes ;

recognizing their superiors makes people discreet, unless tliey are punished by those superiors, as my father

now is."

" But," said Cyrus, " your father has not yet suffered the least harm but he is afraid, to be sure, that he ;

will suffer

the worst."

23. "Do you think, then,'' said Tigranes, "that Fear of anything breaks a man's spirit sooner than abject ^^the"* fear ? Do you not know that those who are beaten reaUty with the sword, which is considered the most potent instrument of correction, are nevertheless ready to fight the same enemy again ; but when people really fear anyone very much, then they cannot look him " in the face, even when he tries to cheer them } "You mean to say," said he, "that fear is a heavier punishment to men than real correction." 24.

"And

you,"

said

he,

"know

you are aware

that what

I

on the one who are afraid that they are to be exiled from their native land, and those who on the eve of battle are afraid that they shall be defeated, say is true hand, those

;

eiU,

and

wrecked^)

tha<>e ;

[jcal

for

that,

teho at tea fear that they .

.

.

yavaynavai] GemoU.

otrt,

going

to

be

XPLNOPHON ovre airov ov6^ vttvov hv-

(f>o^ovfi€VOi, ovroc fiev

Xayydveiv Sea tov

vavrat,

yaSe?,

ijSr]

B rjrTTjfiivoi,

(f)60ov' ol he

tjSr)

fiev (f)v-

rjhi-)

8e SovXevovre^;, eariv

ore SvvavTai Koi /xdWov rSyv evSaifiovwv iaOieiv 25. eVi Bk (pavepcorepov koI T€^ Kol KaOevSeiv. iv rolaSe olov (f)6pr]fj,a 6 ^o^o'i- evcoi yap (po^ov/jL€voi firj XrjcfjdevTei; aTroOdvcocri irpoairoOvrjaKovcnv VTTO TOV (j^o/BoV, ol fJLeV pi7rT0VPT€
tS)v

BeivoiV

TOV

^frvxd^•

6

BiaKelcrdai rr]v

dXXa Kal

fidXiara KaTaTrXijrrei ra? vvv 7rM
(f)6^o^ 5' ifiov

irepX

irarepa,

Twv reKVcov [SoyXeta?] ^ (f)o0elTai; Kat 6 KO/JO? elirep, 'AXXa vvv /xev

TrdvTcov

26.

efiotye

tovtov ovt(o BiaKclcrOai' BoKel /xivTOL fioL TOV avTov dvBpo<; elvat KaX evrv^ovvTa i^v^piaai KaX Trrataavra Ta^u Trrrj^ai, KaX dvedivra ye irdXiv av fieya r}, m Kvpe, e^^i fiev 7rpo(f)daeir), rjp,df; fiev airiarov

ovSev

n

€^ei
ovBev ti tovtoi<; fieya Xvirovfievov;' ficfivr]yap otl T)fiei<; avTcov aiTCol eafiev el Be

(TOfieda

Ttvc ^

r&v

iadUiv rt X, most Edd.

'

most Edd.

234

;

iaOUiv

n

dp^vv

rrjv

koX itivtiv yz,

Gemoll

and

drink). iov\'Us xyz, Dindorf.

(both eat

irapaBom

dvafiapTijrcov

;

not in Vaticanus 987

;

[SovAfi'as]

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

24-27

i.

and those who fear slavery or bondage, all such can neither eat nor sleep for fear whereas those ;

who

are already in

exile

or already

defeated or

already in slavery can sometimes eat and sleep better

than those enjoying a happier following considerations

it

lot. is

25.

still

And from the

clearer

what a

some, for fear that they will be burden fear is caught and put to death, in terror take their own some by hurling themselves lives before their time over a precipice, other by hanging themselves, others by cutting their own throats so does feai crush down the soul more than all other terrors. As for my father," he added, "in what a state of mind do you think he is ? For he is in dread not only for himself, but also for me, for his wife, and for all :

—

;

of his children." 26. •' Well," answered Cyrus, "it is not at all unlikely, I suppose, that he is for the moment in such However, it seems to me that we a state of mind. expect of a man who is insolent in success and abject in failure that, when set on his feet once more, he will again wax arrogant and again cause more trouble." 27. " Well, by Zeus, Cyrus," said he, " our wrong- Tigr*ne« doing does, no doubt, give you cause to distrust us '*}^'i^ but you may build forts in our country and occupy adjurtment the strongholds already built and take whatever else you wish as security. And yet," he added, "you will not find us very much aggrieved by your doing ;

remember that we are to blame for you hand over our government to some one of those who have done no wrong and yet show

so

;

for

it all.

we

But

shall

if

835

XENOPHON diriaTMV avT0?9 (pavel, opa fir) a/xa re ev TroLrjaei^ Koi a/xa ov (filXov vofiiova-l ae' el h' av (f)v\aTTO aTre')(9dvea6aL ftr) eTnOrjCTei^ avrol^ rofjbevo's ^vyd rov imtj v/3pi,aai, opa firj €K€LVov<; av herjaei ae (TQXppovL^eiv ctc fidWov rj rj/xd^ vvv iBerjaev. 28. 'AX,Xa val fid rov<; 0€ov<;, €r], toiovtoi<; fiev 670)76 vTTrjperai^;, ov<; elSeirjv

rovvTa
d7]8a><;

dv

fiov

Sokco

dvdyKrj virrjpeov^ Be

')(^priadar

yiyvdxTKeiv Bokoli}v on evvoia Kal i\ia rfj ifiy TO Beov (TvWafM^dvotev, tovtov<; dv fiot Bokw Ka\ dfiaprdvovTa^ paov (pepeiv rj tou? fiiaovvra^ fiev, eKirXeco Be iravra dvdyKrj BiairovovpAvov^, Ttypdv7]<; elire tt/jo? ravTa, ^iklav Be Kat irapd TLvcov dv Trore XdjSoK roaavTtjv oarjv trot Trap rjfXMV e^eart tcrrjo-aaOaL vvv; Hap cKeivcov olfiai, e
yvvaiKa

firj

fidXXov

rj

d(f)aip7},

6

Orjvai;

rrjv 8'

olffOd

riva,

tk ae

vofil^Q)v

^Apfievimv ecfyrj,

rovrov eveKa

TTpoarjKeiv

avrw

^acnXeiav

dXXov

fidXXov

el

(f)cXr}<7€i

a
e^ei,

Xvrrovfievov

ovkovv Kal rovr, e^rj, BrjXov on o rj rifm

*opa

GemoU.

236

MSS., Dindorf, Hui{;

[iraph]

Cobet,

March»nt,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

L 27-29

that you distrust them, see to it lest they regard you as no friend, in spite of your favours to them. But if again, on your guard against incurring their hatred, you fail to place a check upon them to keep them from rebellion, see to it lest you need to bring them to discretion even more than you did in our case just now." 28. " Nay, by the gods," said he, " I do not think should like to employ servants that I knew served me only from compulsion. But it I had servants who I thought assisted me, as in duty bound, out of goodwill and friendship toward me, I think I should be better satisfied with them when they did wrong than with others who disliked me, when they performed all their tasks faithfully but from compulsion." To this Tigranes replied " From whom could you ever get such friendship as you now can from us "From those, I presume," said he, "who have never been my enemies, if I would do them such favours as you now bid me do you." 29. " But, Cyrus," said he, " as things now are. He argue* could you find any one to whom you could do as great coLtlnuanca favours as you can to my father ? For example, if you of bi» ' grant any one of those who have done you no wrong ^iga his life, what gratitude do you think he will feel toward you for that ? And again, who will love you for not depriving him of his wife and children more than he who thinks that it would serve him right to lose them ? And do you know of any one who would be more grieved than we, not to have the throne of Armenia ? Well, then," he added, " it is evident that he who would be most grieved not to be king, would also be most grateful for receiving the throne. I

:

.''

»SI

XENOPHON el Si ri aoi, e(f)rj, fieXet koX tov TeTapay/xeva rdBe KardXtirecv, orav aTTLTj^, aKoirei, €(f>r}, irorepov av oiei rjp6fj,eaTepa><; e')(eLv ra ivddBe KaivPi
30.

etSeirj.

609

rjKiaTa

KarafievovaT]^'

elcoOvlafi

el

Si

ri

(tol

fx,iXei

koI

aTpariav e^dyeiv, tlv' av otei fidWov e^erdcrai ravTrjv 6p6w
a)9

TrXeicrrrjv

Ke^prj/iiivov;

avTTJ

TLva &v TavTa

Se

el

koI

'^(prjfidTmv

Seijcrei,

KpeiTTOv eKTroplaac tov Kal et8oT09 Kal e^ovTO
Ku/oe, (f)v\a^at

e7],

^r)/j,i(oar)(i

'O

p,ev

irXeLOi

rj

diroQaXoiv aavTov

r/fid^i

fit)

6 TraTrjp eSvvrjOrj ere ^Xdy^raL.

ToiavTa eXeyev.

31. 6 Se Kvpo<; ukovcov

vireprjSeTO, otl evofii^e Trepaivecrdai,

ocrairep virecr^eTo

yap

eliroiv otl

irdvTa

tw Kva^dprj Trpd^eiv

koI

(filXov oiolto

fidXXov

avTW

efjLe/xvrjTO r)

irpoaOev

iroirjcreLv.

Kat Se

Sr)

e/c

TOVTOV

TavTa

Sr)

tov ^Apfiiviov epcoTa, *i{v

'ireidco/xai.

vfiiv,

Xiye

/jloi,

eiprj,

av,

Apfiivie, TToarjv fiev cTTpaTidv fMot (TVfjLTriiJ.y^ei'i, TTocra Se ')(^prjfiaTa avfi^aXel eh tov TroXe/Mov; Si

32. 11/309 C'XQ),

TavTa

& Kvpe,

SiKaioTepov

rj

St)

ecfiT),

Xeyet,

6

'Apfievto<;,

dirXova-Tepov

Set^at fiev ifie Se ISovTa oa-rjv

ecTrecv

irdaav dv fjuev

Tr)v

OvSev ovSe ovcrav

Svvafiiv, ae act SoKrj (TTpaTidv dyeiv, ttjv Se KaTaXiireiv tj)^ x^P^^ 0)9 8' avTco^ irepl %yOJ7/iaT&)i' SrjXoicrai (f>vXaKrjv. fxev ifie SiKaiov aoi irdvTa ra ovTa, ere Se tovtcov avTov yvovTa otroaa re dv ^ovXy cjiipeaOai Kal onroaa dv ^ovXrj KaTaXnreiv.

238

CYROPAEDIA, 30.

And

it

you care at

III.

i.

30-32

to leave matters here in

all

as little confusion as possible

when you go away,

consider whether you think the country would be

more

tranquil under the beginning of a

new adminis-

one we are used to should continue. And if you care to take with you as large an army as possible, who do you think would be in a better position to organize the troops properly than he who has often employed them ? And if you need money also, who do you think could supply it better than he who knows and commands all the sources of supply ? My good Cyrus," he added, " beware lest in casting us aside you do yourself a greater injury than any harm my father has been able to do you." Thus he spoke. 31. And Cyrus was more than pleased at hearing him, for he thought that everything that he had promised Cyaxares to do was in course of accomplishment for he remembered having told him that he would make the Armenian more his friend than he was before. " Tell me, king of Armenia," he therefore asked, Cynw " if I yield to you in this matter, how large an army ^n^ifatorv will you send with me and how much money will attitude " you contribute to the war? 32. " I have nothing to propose more simple or more fair, Cyrus," the Armenian replied to this, " than for me to show you all the forces I have and for you, when you have seen them, to take as many as you see tration than if the

;

leaving the rest here to protect the country. in the same way in regard to the money, it is proper for me to show you all that I have, and for you to decide for yourself and take as much as vou please and to leave as much as you please." fit,

And

239

XENOPHON Kai

33.

aoi

^Kvravda TOLvvv

Brj

eh

he

Xeyec

'A/j/i6wo9,

o

Terrapa^;

eariv eh

'iTTTret?

oi<;

fxev

6KTaicLaj(^LXiovq,

8\

ypt'^fxara

/jLvpid8a(i'

(Tvv^ Tot9 6r]cravpot
€(f>y],

eh

^

[^Apfzevicov]

elcrlv

ireKol

rSiv

Xe^ou fioi iroarj Xi^ov Se kuI iroaa 'x^prjfiaTa.

o K.vpo<; elirev, "lOi 8r)

8vvafj,i
KareXnrev

6 irarrjp

apyvpiov XoyiadivTa rdXaPTa

irXeito

TpL(T')(^iXi(»iv.

Kat

34.

KOpo? ovk

6

KaXSaioi Tcov

8e

croi, e(f)r},

TToXefiovcrc, TOv
dvri

-x^prj/xaTfov

TaXdvTCDv

aXV

efieXXrja-ev,

T?}? fiev TOivvv arparia'i, eirei

avfnre/jLTre'

fjioi

twv

fiev

TrevTr^Kovra

Kva^dprj

SacTfiov St7rXd
oiv €
^opdv

a7roSo9, OTt eXi7re
8\

ep,o\

elire,

ol ojjbopot,

dXXa

e(f)r],

€KaTov hdveiaov iyo) 8e aoi u7rta)(i'ovfiai, rjv 6 9e6<} ev 8l8m, dvO^ cov dv ifxol 8aveiar]
"qv

dv

varo<;

Svvcofiai,'

^aivoip/qv,

rjv

8e

fir)

8vv(0fiai,

d8iK0<;

olfiai,

S'

ovk

d8v-

dv

8iKaiai'i KpLvoifirjv.

35.

Kal

KOyoe,

(b

fie €^ei<{'

^TTov

o

p-r)

'Ap/j,€vio<;,

dXXd

crd elvai

Etev,

vofii^e,

wv dv

ecf>r),

€(f>r},

rSiv p,i],

deoav,

ecprj,

ov Oappovvrd

dv KaTaXitrr]^

p,7]8ev

e'XfiiV d7rlrj
Kt)/709'

107;

diroXa^elv,

JJ p6
ovTco Xeye' el 8e

iroaa dv

cocrre

8e

rrjv

yvvaiKa

p,0L 'x^pTjfiara 8oi,r]f;;

'Oirocra dv 8uvaLfi7)V, ecprj. Tt 84, ware rov<; TratSa?; K.al TovTcov, *

'Apfttylav

«

ffi/v

240

e(f)r),

oTroaa dv 8vvaip.rjv.

MSS.; bracketed by Hug, Marchant, Gemoll. iy C^EHG {among the treasures) ;

yC\ Edd.

;

CYROPAEDIA, 33.

" Come

III.

then,'' said Cyrus,

i.

33-35

" tell me how large

your forces are and how much money you have." "Well," the Armenian then answered, "there are about eight thousand cavaliy and about forty thousand infantry. And the property," said he, "including the treasures that my father left me, amounts, when reduced to cash, to more than three thousand talents."

34. And without hesitation, Cyrus replied " Send Hia with me then," said he, "only half the army, since *'"'*'* your neighbours, the Chaldaeans, are at war with And of the money, instead of the fifty talents you. which you used to pay as tribute, pay Cyaxares double that sum because you are in arrears with your payments. And lend me personally a hundred more," said he; "and I promise you that if God prospers me, I will in return for your loan either do you other favours worth more than that amount or at least pay you back the money, if I can ; but if I cannot, I may seem insolvent, I suppose, but I should not iustly be accounted dishonest." 35. " For heaven's sake, Cyrus," said the Armenian, "do not talk that way. If you do, you will make me :

lose heart.

leave here

is

But consider," said he, "that what you no less yours than what you take away."

" Very well," said Cyrus " now how much money would you give to get your wife back ^ " ;

"As much as I could, said he. " And how much to get your children ? " "For these also," said he, "as much as I "

could."

241

*

XENOPHON OvKOvv,

Kvpo
6017

t5>v ovtcov.

36.

cri/

Be,

ravTa

ecfyr],

w

fiev rjhr]

BnrXdcria

Tiypdvrj, Xe^ov

jjlol

TToaov av irptaio ware rrjv jvvatKa diroX-a^elv.

*0 Ze TTjv

€Tiry)(^av€ veoyafiof;

re cov Kol virepcpiXfov

yvvatKa.

'EyoD piu,

&

€<j)r},

Kvpe, k&v

t»}? yjrv^ijti

irpt-

aiprjv coare prjiroTe Xarpeva-ai ravrrjv.

Su

37.

p,ev

roivw,

€(f)r),

dirdyov rip cnjv

ovS^

yap ec\rjdai eycoye alxpdXcorov ravrrjv vopx^o) aov ye prjircoTrore <j)vy6vro<; T)pd<;. koX av Se, & dirdyov rrjv yvvatKa Kal rovv Karadei<;, "v elSaxriv on ekevdepoi rrpo
38. Aiaa-KTjvovvrcov Be p,erd Belirvov eirripero o EtVe poi, ecprj, co TiypdvT}, rrov B^ €K€cv6s

Kvpo<;,

ecrriv 6 dvrjp

o
avvedrjpa rjplv Kol av

px)L

p,d\a

eBoKci^ davfid^eiv avrov.

Ov

ydp,

e(f>r},

direKreivev avrov ovroal 6

ifi6<;

rrarrip;

Tt \a^u>v dBiKovvra; AcaipOeipeiv avrov e(f)r} efie. Kairot y, ecpi), Si K.vpe, ovrco /taXo? Kayado^ eKeivo^ Tjv o)? koX ore drrodvrjaKeiv epeWe irpoaKaXeaa^ pe eWe, M'q ri av,

T^

€(f)r), 0)

Tiypdin],

on

diroKreiveL

ydp KaKovoia nv\

p,e, ')(a\e'iTavdfi^

rovro Troiei, aX.V dyvoia' orroaa Be dr/vola dvOpwiroi i^apaprdpovai, rrarpL' ov

irdvT*

aKovaia ravr eycoye

^

vopl^co.

Tiyl zED, Dindorf rp (rp F, most Edd. {touxtrd you) ry y« Hug, supposedly after C. ^

24a

;

;

rp

CVROPAEDIA,

III.

L 35-38

"Well then," said Cyrus, "that makes already much as you have. 36. And you, Tigranes," said he, "tell me how much you would pay to get twice as

your wife back

Now

it

"

?

happened that he was newly married and

loved his wife very dearly. "I would give my life, Cyrus," said he, "to keep her from slavery." 37. " Well then," said he, " take her back ; she is Hia g^'^erosity your own. For I, for my part, do not consider that of war at all, since a prisoner she has been made you never ran away from us. And you too, king of Armenia, may take back your wife and children without paying any ransom for them, that they may know that they return to you free men and women. And now," said he, "stay and have dinner with us

and when you have dined you may drive away wherever you have a mind to go." So they stayed. 38. And after dinner, as the party was breaking up, a Socrates Armenia Cyrus asked " Tell me, Tigranes, where is the man '" You seemed to admire who used to hunt with us him very much." "Ah," he replied, "did not my father here have :

.''

him put

to death

"

?

" did he find him doing ? He said that he was corrupting me. And yet, Cyrus," said he, "he was so noble and so good that when he was about to be put to death, he called me ' Be not angry with your father, to him and said for he does it, Tigranes, for putting me to death not from any spirit of malice, but from ignorance, and when men do wrong from ignorance, I believe " they do it quite against their will.'

" "

What wrong

:

;

243

XENOPHON 39.

*0

eVt tovtok; ehre,

fihf Br) K.vpof;

^ev rov

av8p6
'O

S'

eXe^ev, Ovtoc, e^rj,

^ApfiePio
&

Kvpe,

ads' 01 ral
aWoTpiovi jvvacKa^, 7rpo
on

co? d
a\^M vopi^ojrr€<;

avrov'i

avroU

ov rovro alridifievoL avrov^

av8pa<;

KaraKaivovaiv^

TroLovpra^*

Td<;

avrov^

rrjv

d<j)aip€ia-Oat

Bid. rovro Kal iyo) iKeivo),

<^i\iav,

%/3&)i^Tat.

co?

rroXefiloL'i

ecprj,

i06vovv,

iBoKct rov i/x6v vlov Trocelv avrov fiaXKov 0avp,d^ecv r) e'/xe. fioL

40.

Kal

deov
dfiaprecv

KO/oo?

6

€<pr],

Kal av,

'A\X
elrrev,

^Apfievie,

0)

Tiypdvr), (rvyyiyvaxTKe

a>

r&

rrarpi.

Tore psv

roiavra

Brj

BidXe-)(devre<; Kal (f)i\o
VTjOevre^ warrep elK0
Ta9

eVfc

avv

dpp,a/j,d^a
ral
yvvac^iv drrrjXavvov

evpaiv6p,€voi.

eKeyov rov KOyoou o Be rrjv Kapreplav, 6 Be rrjv

41. 'EtTrel S* rfkOov ocKuBe, jxev ri<; riiv (T0(f)Lav, 6

irpaorijra, 6 Be

^EvOa Kal aoi,

Brj

rt
KaX ro Ka)0^o
fi€ye0o
6 Tiypdvr)<} eirrjpero rrjv yvvaiKa,

e<^^,

w

'H

^Apfxevla, /caXo9 eBoKet, 6 K.vpo^

elvai;

*AWd fid

At*,

*AXkd rlva

ec^T],

ovK eKelvov

i$ecofiijp.

fi^v; ^(f^V o Tcypdi>7)<}.

* KaraKalvovcriv Cobet, Marchant, Gemoll MSS., Dindorf, Breitenbach.

*

;

GemolL *

TOMvvrat yO, £dd.

244

KaraKrHyovffiv

Stephanus, Dindorf, Breitenbach, Hug; a,uoaucppovfcrrepas zE ; aKparfrrtpas yC, Marchant

i4>poi'f
Bfcrrepas

;

;

TcioCtrej zE.

CYROPAEDIA, 39.

'*

Poor

man

!

III.

39-41

i.

Cyrus exclaimed on hearing

"

this.

Here the Armenian king interrupted " Do not men :

who

discover strangers

wives

kill

with their

them, not on the ground that they make

their wives

more inclined to

that they alienate from for this reason

them

folly,

but in tlie belief

their wives' affections

they treat them as enemies.

was jealous of him because

my son

intercourse

in

I

So

I

thought that he made

regard him more highly than he did me."

" Well, by the gods, king of Armenia," said Cyrus, " your sin seems human ; and you, Tigranes, 40.

must forgive your

father."

Then when they had thus conversed and showed was

their friendly feelings toward one another, as

natural after a reconciliation, they entered carriages 41.

their

and drove away with their wives, happy.

And when

they got

home they

talked, one of Armenian

Cyrus's wisdom, another of his strength, another of of c^ls his gentleness, and still another of his beauty and

commanding presence. Then Tigranes asked his

his

Armenian princess," " Cyrus handsome ? " Why, by Zeus,"

said he,

wife

:

"Tell me,

"did you,

said she, " I did

too,

my

think

not look ^t

him." **

At whom, then

?

"

asked Tigranes.

«4S

XENOPHON Tov

elirovra

irpiairo

Tore

Aia

vrj

wairep

fiev Srj

ay;

elKO
T^

8'

varepala

^

"'/^f^^?

&v

e« tolovtwv aveiravov-

6 ^Apfjbivio
(TTpaTia aTrdar) ^ivia

TTJ

t^9 uvtov

BovXevetv.

fi€

fxrj

aWi]\oi^.

TO
ware

eavTov,

Kvpay

fikv

koI

Be

TOt
CTre/iTre, irpoelTre

(TrparevecrOai, elf rpirrjv

ov
rjixe-

pav Trapetvat' ra Be ^^ptj/xara wv elTrev 6 K.vpo<; BnrXdaia dirrjpiOfirja-ev. 6 Be K.vpo
rdWa

\a^(ov

KeXevT)^'

ifie Berj

43.

Trore/jo?

7rai<;

r)

avro^.

Be

6

aov,

iral't

ovra>
'E^ct)

p.ev

ovk

Kvpe, ovB* av aKevot^opov

co

aoi^ crvvaKoXovOecv.

Kal dv,

TTocft)

on

dycov, 6

6 fiev ttuttjp ovrw^, 'Oirorepov av

elirerr^v Bk dfia

airoikei'^lrofiaC

Be

ijpero

direirep^'^ev'

earai 6 to (TTpdrevp,a

Kv/Jo?

6 eri,

i'rriyeXda'a^

iO€Xoi<;

Tr)v

K.al

eiTre,

yvvaixd

crov

eirl

d/covcrai

(TKevo(^opel
*A.XX' ovBev,

e(f>7],

aKoveiv

avrrjv

Berjcrei

d^co

yap, axrre opdv e^ecrrai avrfi 6 ri dv iyco Trparru).

"£lpa dv, No/Lit^',

dv

Ti

e<pr), €(f)r),

ava-Kevd^eaOai

v/xiv

a-vv€aK€vacr/jbivov<;

etrj.

7rape
6 iraTrjp B&.

Tore

fiev Brj

^evicrdivre^ oi crrpaTiwrat eKOifi'^-

6r}crav. ^

avTov Edd.

' S*T7 (Toi

246

;

avrov

MSS.

Stephanos, Edd.

;

Se^o-oi

yz

;

Se^o-ei

E

;

8«i^
C.

CYROPAEDIA,

L 41-43

III.

" At him, by Zeus, who said that he would give keep me from servitude." Then as might be expected after such experiences, they went to rest together. 42. And on the following day the Armenian king sent guest-presents to Cyrus and all his army, and he commanded those of his men who were to take the field to present themselves on the third day and he paid Cyrus double the sum of money that he had named. But Cyrus accepted only the amount speciThen he asked which of fied and returned the rest. the two was to go in command of the forces, the king himself or his son. They both answered at the same instant, the father saying " Whichever you command " and the son " I will never leave you, Tigranw Cjnnis, not even if I have to accompany you as a ^^g", his life to

;

:

:

;

""^

camp-follower." 43.

And

Cyrus, laughing, said

:

*'

How much would

you take to have your wife told that you were a camp>- follower

" ?

" Why," said he, " she will not need to be told anything about it for I shall take her with me, so that she will be in a p>osition to see whatever I do." " Then," said he, " it may be high time for you to be getting your things together." " Be sure," said he, " that we shall be here with ;

everything brought together that

my

father gives

us."

And when the soldiers had received their presents they went to bed. 847

XENOPHON II

T^

1.

VTjv

8'

avaka^mv

V(TT€paia

Kol rwv yirjhoiv iTTTTewv

tS)v

eavTov

(fitXmv oiroaov;

rov Tiypd-

6 Kvpo<;

TOv
Kparia-Tov^ koI

Kaipo
iSoKCL elvai,

TrepieXauvayv rrjv ^eo/jai' Karedearo, (TKoirSiv ttov

Kal

rev^iaeLe
pcora Tov Ttypdvrjv irola

UKpov tl iXdcov eirrjtmv opecov oiroOev ol

eir etij

^aXhaloi KaraOiovrei; Xrj^ovrac. Kal 6 Tcypdvr](i he ravra to, optj

iSeLKVv.^ 6 Be TrdXtv rjpero, eprjfid

Ov pA 01

Nw

iariv;

AC,

€7},

dX)C del

aripaivovcn

toI<;

aXA.ot9 o ri dv opo)crc.

Tt ovv,

€(f)T],

BoTjdovcrtv,

TTOiovariv, eirrfv

alcrdwvTai;

eVt ra UKpa,

€(f>r],

eKelvwv

(TKOTTol elalv

dv ^Kaaro^

a>9

SvprjTai. 2.

TavTa p^v

hrj 6

Karevoei TroWrjv

rot<;

'X^copa<;

pov Kal dpybv ovaav Sia tov puev

d7rf}\6ov

ro

eirl

a-KOircov Be

K.vpo
t?}?

^App€vioi<; epr}-

Kal Tore

7roXep,ov.

crrpaTOTreBov

Kal

henrvrj-

(TavT€<; iKoip,i]Or]
T^

S'

vtrrepala aiTO
avveaKeva(Tpevo
et?

i7r7r€i
roy?

)(^L\iov
avveXeyovTO avrw Kal To^oTai

p,vpiov<;,

Kal TreXraa-ral

'O

Be KO/309 iv

KaXd rd

lepd

rjv

1 fSf/wu Dindorf, chant. Gemoll.

248

(p

dWot

avveXeyovro idvero'

iSeiKVvev

el
tov<;

roaovroi.

avro), crvveKdXeae rov<;

Hug;

iraprji'

rerpaKia-

eirei

Be

re Ta)v

MSS., Breitenbach, Mar-

CYROPAEDIA,

111.

ii.

1-3

II 1. On the morrow Cyrus took with him I'igranes, Prep*r»the best of the Median horsemen, and as many of conq^es'j^f* his own friends as he thought proper, and rode Chaidaea around to inspect the country with a view to finding And when he had a place in which to build a fort. come to a certain eminence he asked Tigranes which were the mountains from which the Chaldaeans were accustomed to descend to make forays into the country. And Tigranes pointed them out. And again he " asked " And are these mountains now mioccupied ? " No, by Zeus," said he ; "but they always have scouts up there who signal to the rest whatever they :

see."

"Then," said he, "what do they receive the signals?" "They run out to the heights to "each as best he can." 2. Such was the account to which and as he looked he observed that

do,

when they

help," said he,

Cyrus listened

a large portion of the Armenians' country was deserted and uncultivated as a result of the war. And then they went back to camp and after they had dined they

went to

rest.

On

day

Tigranes presented ready for the start and under his command were assembled about four thousand horsemen and about ten thousand bowmen the following himself with his baggage 3.

all

;

and as many peltasts besides. While they had been coming together, Cyrus had been sacrificing and when his sacrifice gave favourable omens, he called a meeting of the officers of the ;

249

XENOPHON neptTcov r]y€fi6va<; Koi Tov
4.

eVei

8'

ofiov Tjaav, eke^e rotdhe'

tA oprj raina a opcoXaXBaicov el Se ravra KaToXd^oifiev xal eir fj,€v dxpov re 'App,eiloi 7roXefi[ov<: avWeyrj^Av8pe<; ^iXoL, earc fiev

vai dva0dvTe
Tcov ovv TTovayv ovBel^ pacov ovS' dKivBvvoreia-rl Tov vvv KapTeprjaai airevBovra^. .^ koI tre ovv iirl tu oTrXa, 'Tyciet? /jiiv, (o MijBoi, iv dpia-repa rjfjL&v iropev5.

po^,

€
.

ecrOe'

vfiel^i Be,

w ^Apfievioi, oi

ol S' T)fiLaei
a>

.

fiev rjfjLiaea iv Be^ia,

r)/j,(bv

rjyeicrde'

vfiei^

oina-dev enea-de TrapaKeXevofievoi

wOovvTC^ dvco

r)fid
rjv

Be

ti<;

fjuaXaKvvrjTat,

B\ Kal firj

eTTLTpeirere. 6.

TaOr' elnrwv 6

K.vpo<;

r^yelro opOiov^;

^dXBalot

ttoii]-

eyvcoaav rrjv opfiTjv dvo) ovcrav, ev6v
'

A

tov^ \6xov
lacuna,

in

ol Be

which preparations are

Marchant, Gemoll. 2

250

ixX'hXovs Schneider, Edd.; h.\\4\Xois

MSS.

tw?

effected.

Hug,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

3-6

ii.

Persians and of the Medes 4. and when they were come together, he spoke as follows "My friends, these mountains whicli we see belong to Chaldaea but if we should seize them and have a fort of our own built upon the summit, both parties the Armenians, I mean, and the Chaldaeans would have to behave with discretion toward us. ;

:

;

—

—

Now, the sacrifices give us favourable omens but, for the execution of our plan, nothing would be so For if we strong an ally to human zeal as dispatch. get up there before the enemy have time to come together, we may gain possession of the heights altogether without a battle, or we may at least find enemies few in number and without strength. 5. "Of the tasks before us, therefore, none isHehurU ;

"than There-

easier or less fraught with danger," said he,

iilto^the^

now

S^unta^",

bravely to endure the strain of haste.

arms And .... "You, Medes, march on our left and you, Armenians, half keep to our right and half lead on

fore, to

!

;

cavalrymen, shall follow behind, encourage and push us on upward and if any one is inclined to show weakness, do not allow it." 6. With this command Cyrus brought his companies to ploy into column and took his place at their head. And when the Chaldaeans realized that the movement was directed toward the heights, they immediately gave the signal to their people, called to one another in front; while you,

to

;

to assemble,

And

and began to come together.

Cyrus gave conuuand

:

"Fellow- Persians, they

151

XENOPHON (nrevBeiv.

(Trjfiaivovai

yap

rjv

dva>

(f>6d(Ta)jj,€v

ovSev rd tcov iroXffucov hvvrjaerai. ^l^ov S' ol 'KdkSaioi yeppa re kuI TraXrd

•yevofievoL, 7.

Svo' KOL TToXefiiKcoTaroi 8e Xiyovrai ovtoi

rwv irepl

iKetvrjv rrjv ')((opav eivai- Kal fiKrOov a-rpaTevovrai,

oTTorav

ian 8.

avrwv

ri,
Kol oXiyr} 'fl<>

Berjrai, Sid to irokep.t.Koi re

kol ydp

elvar

7r€V7jT€^

rd

rj

Kat

dp

Kj)pe,

avTiKa pdXa 01) fir}

koI %copa avrol<; opeivq re

')(^pi]p.ara 'iy^ovaa.

he fidXXov €7rXj]ai,a^ov ol

rcov uKpoyv, 6 Tiypdvr]<; eVtrev, 'fl

r)

avv

ol(r0\

dfX(f)l

rov Kvpoy

toj Kupci) iropevofievo^

on

e<pr},

Sc'^crei p,d')(ea6aL;

avrov^ Vf^d
609

he^ovrat, rovf iroXeixiov;. 6

KOpo?

iraprjyyvrjcre rot<;

elircov

on

elBebr]

rovro,

ev6v<;

Uepaai^ TrapacrKevd^eadai,

avrlfca Seijaov SicoKeiv, eireiZdv vrraydyuxji rroXefi'iov^ v7ro(f>evyovr€^ ol 'Apfieviot r}p,iv

co?

rom

war eyyu?

yeveaOai.

pkv ol ^Ap/u,evior rwv irapovra, «>
Se

Ouro)

Sr)

^aXZaiwv

evavnov^

Tiyovvro

ol

lxa-)(aLpoq>opov<;

lefxevovi

avco,

01

fiev

avroif

TreXdcravre^ 't^X^ diriOvrjcrKov, ol S' €(f)evyov, ol Be nv€
eK rS>v 6771^? oiKijaecDv. 11. *0 he Kvpo
TTai/re?

ol

arpanSirai

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

6-11

for if we get up there ; the enemy's efforts will be of no avail." 7. Now the Chaldaeans carried each a wicker shield and two spears, and they were said to be the most They also warlike of the peoples in that region. serve for hire when any one wants them, for they are fond of war and poor of purse for their country is mountainous and only a small part of it is pro-

are signalling us to hasten first,

;

ductive. 8. But when Cyrus and his men were getting The battle nearer to the heights, Tigranes, who was marching wth Cyrus, said " Do you know, Cyrus, that we ourselves shall have to do the fighting, and in a very few moments ? For the Armenians, I am sure, will never sustain the enemy's attack." Cyrus answered that he knew that and gave the command to the Persians to make ready, as it would be necessary in a moment to give chase, as soon as the Armenians by pretending flight should decoy the :

enemy

into close quarters.

So the Armenians led on.

9.

And when they

near, the Chaldaeans already there raised the battle cry, according to their custom, and charged upon them. And the Armenians, according to their 10. But when custom, failed to sustain the charge. the Chaldaeans in pursuit saw before them the swordsmen rushing up against them, some came near and were cut down at once, others fled, and some others of their number were taken prisoners ; and

came

soon the heights were taken.

men were

And when

Cyrus and

possession of the heights, they looked down on the dwellings of the Chaldaeans and saw the people fleeing from their homes near by. 11. Then when the soldiers were all together, his

in

253

XENOPHON iyevovTO,

ofiov

rj(xav

Kara^aOwv evOa

at crKoiraX

al rwv ^aXSaicov ipv/xvov re 6v Kol evvhpov,

ev6v
ottoctoi

e'X^ovra

iirl fiev Br]

rofioi,}

koI tov Tcypdvrjv ixeXeve

tov irarepa Koi xeXeveiv Trapajevi-

TrefiTreiv eirX

aOai

TraprfyyuXev.

apLaTOiroielcrdat

eirel he rjpicTTTJKecrav,

elev reKTOvi^

irapovaiv eTeixi'^^v.

6 8e Kvpo
12. 'Ei/ Se To{)T(p irpocrdyovai al')(P'CiXci)Tov<;

fievovi'

Xido-

kcu

re

tov ^Apfxiviov wx^to dyyeXo(iJ^vpat

t5)

tov<;

BeBe/xevov^, Toi'9 Be Tiva<; kol TeTpoo-

Be elBev, ev6v<: Xvecv fikv exeXevae tov<}

(»9

Be TeTpco/Jbivov; laTpov
BeBefjL€Vov<;, roti?

KaXeaa^

depaireveiv eKeXevaev eireiTa Be eXe^e T049

XaX-

8atot9 OTC rjKOL ovt€ diroXecrat eiridviMOiv €Keivov
ovre TToXefietv

Be6fievo<;,

TTOiijaat ^Ap/iievioL<;

Ylplv

fjiev

iSeicrde etp^e,

vfui<;

(Tvv

Be

TO,

fiAv

XiOorS/uioi

254

el

elprjvrjv ^ovX6[ievo
aKpa

to,

otS' otl ovBev

pAv yap vp,eT€pa

^App^evicov

rjyeTe

da(f>aX(o<;

koI

e
13. eyco ovv d(pirjfu

etXr]p,fj,evov
koX

BiBcofii

XaXBaLoi'i ^ovXevaaaOai

iroXefielv

iroXe/xov

Valckeiiaer.

to,

ev o'lw eVre.

aXXoi
dvev ottXcov, *

twv Brj

oiKuBe TOV
^ovXeaOe rjv

ovv e^eadai,

elprivrj
vvv Be opuTe

aX,V

kuI XaX8atot9.

yjfuv

elVe

alpijade,

p.r]KeTi

aax^povelTe'

Dindorf, most Edd.

(f>LXoi.

rjv

;

Be

elvat.

rjKere

eip7]vr)f;

Ki6oS6(xoi

MSS.

;

vfiiv

etre

koX

Bevpo BoKr)T€ \i6o\6yot

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

11-13

and when Cyrus bade his men take luncheon they had lunched and he had discovered that the place where the scouts had their posts of ;

was

observation

strong

and

well

supplied

witli

water, he at once proceeded to build a fort there. He also bade Tigranes send for his father and all the carpenters and masons So a messenger was off to bring the Armenian king, but Cyrus proceeded to build the wall with the men he had at hand.

bid

him come with

that he had.

12.

At

this juncture

prisoners in chains

wounded.

and

they brought to Cyrus the He releases also

some that had been

And when he saw them he

at

once

ordered that the fetters be taken off, and he sent for surgeons and bade them attend to the wounded men. And then he told the Chaldaeans that he had come with no wish to destroy them and with no desire to make war, but because he wished to make peace between the Armenians and the Chaldaeans. " Now 1 know that before the heights were taken you had no wish at all for peace, for everything of yours was secure, while you carried off and plundered the property of the Armenians but now see in what a predicament you are 13. Now I am going to let you who have been captured go home and consult with the rest of the Chaldaeans whether you wish to have war with And if you choose war, us or to be our friends. do not come this way again without weapons, if you are wise but if you decide that you desire peace, come without arms. I shall see to !

;

"55

p^^nert

XENOPHON SeicrOai, &.V€V oirXcov 7JK€T€' to? Be Ka\a>
to

v/j,€T€pa, rjv (f)LXoL yevrjaOe, i/xol /MeX^'jcrei.

ravra

14. ^AKovaavTe<; 8k fiev

TroXXa

i7raive(TavT€
^aXhaiot, iroWa rov

oi

8e

te^icoadfievoL

K.vpov afx^ovTO ocKaSe. O Se Apfievio^ 0)9 rfKOvae rrjv re kXtjctiv rov K.vpov Koi rrjv rrpd^iv, Xa^cbv rov
irore eyevofirjv cTrel

Xevac <»9

vo/it(ravre
vvv

ovSeTTMTTore.

TToXXa KaKCL e')(ovra
eTriarco,

o)

vvv

eiravovro

rovrovi Kal rovro iyo) wcrre direXdaai

on

opat

16.

rjv^ofirjv.

KvyOG,

a-ea-ooa/xevoi

ovBeTrcoTrore

Troiovvre'i,

eyu>

wcrirep €(f)7j,

yap

o't

r)p,d
aTroXa)-

edXcofiev, aa(f)a)
dva
TroXXanXdaia av eBcoKa '^ijfiara wv av vvv e%€t9 rrap' epuov' /cat a vTrityxyov Troiijcreiv dyaOa r]fid
Kol irpoao^eiXovre'i aot dXXa7]va/x€V, a9 r)p,€l<; ye, el firj Ka/coi, ea-fiev, ala'^v-

dv

volpueB'

17.

croL fir) d7ro8c86vre<;.

roaavr eXe^ev. 01 8e ^aX8aLoi

fiev ^Ap/jbe-

VLO
eiprjvriv

a(f)icrt

avrov
^AXXo

^

256

re,

8e6p,evot

rJKOv

rroirjaai. €(f)r],

iyOputroi Dindorf, later

Kal ay

6

^aX8alot,

Edd.

;

6.v6f>it>TOi

Kvpov

rov

Kvpo^

eiri^pero

rf

MSS.

rovrov

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

13-17

it that you have no cause to complaiu, if you become our friends." 14. And when the Chaldaeans heard this, they commended Cyrus highly, shook hands with him heartily, and departed for home. Now, when the king of Armenia received Cyrus's summons and heard of his plans, he came to Cyrus as quickly as he could witli the carpenters and all that he thought was necessary. 15. And when he saw Cyrus, he said: "How little of The the future, Cyrus, we mortals can foresee, and yet ^^®°'*'* how much we try to accomplish. Why, just now, expresses when I was striving to secure liberty, I became gratification more a slave than ever before ; and when we were taken prisoners, we then thought our destruction certain, but we now find that we are saved as never before. For those who never ceased to do us no end of injury I now behold in just the condition that I desired. 16. And believe me, Cyrus," said he, " when 1 say that to have driven the Chaldaeans from these heights I would have given many times as much money as you now have from me and the benefit that you promised to do us, when you received the money, you have already conferred so fully that we obviously now owe you a new debt of gratitude besides and we on our part, if we have not lost all self-respect, ' should be ashamed if we did not repay it to you. 17. Thus the Armenian king spoke. Now the Chaldaeans had come back with the request that Cyrus should make peace with them. And Cyrus asked them " Is this the reason that you, Chaldaeans^ now desire peace, because you ;

;

:

257

XENOPHON ev€Ka

€.iprjvr)<;

T^Jarepov

civ

vvv iiriOvfJ^lre hvvacrdai

7ro\,efiovvTe<;, iireiSr]

^rjv

ri/j,ec<;

on

vofui^ere da(f)a-

elprjvr}
'yevofievrj<;

rj

TciS" exofiev;

"E^flKrav^ ol XaXSaloi.

Kal

18.

09,

Tt S\

e(f)rj,

ei

koX

aXKa

vfilv

ayada

TrpocryivocTO Bia rrjv eipijvrjv;

"Ert dv, ejTe
Tp]
aeadai. 19. Tt Si, (TV, 6(f>r}, 3) ^Apfievte, ^ovXolo dv croc rr)v vvv dpyov ^ ovaav yijv ivepyov yevecrdai, el fieWoiev rd vo/u^ofieva irapd ao\ diroreKelv ol ipya^o/ievoi; "E^r; 6 ^Apfjb€Vio<;

ttoWov dv tovto

Trplacrdai'

TToXv yap dv av^dvecrdat Trjv irpoaohov. 20. Tt 8', vfiec<;, e(f)r), o) XaA.8atot, eVet opr) dyaOd ep^ere, idiXoiT dv edv ve^eiv TavTa tov^; App.evlov
aduL ovBev *

;

iXfyofJitv

'58

Q)(f)€\ec-

fx^M-^"! ^(pciTav z, moat Edd.; ret &Kpa tx"!^^"' ^(p^terav TJcAA* (^xo/^^y i<paaav ; tSaAo i<paaav ix^h^" * 5 TauT'

TtiS'

Hug *

XaXSatof TroWd yap dv

TrovovvTe*;.

F

TdWa

afr/hv

l^x^M-^" ^(ptiffav

Stephauus, Edd. ;

D.

ipyiiv

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

17-20

ii.

think, that since we are in possession of these heights, you could live in greater security if we

had peace than

if

we were

The Chaldaeans "

at

war

"

?

assented.

And

what," said he, "if still other blessings should accrue to you as a result of the proposed " peace ? " We should be still more pleased," they answered. " Well," said he, " do you think that you are now poor for any other reason than because you have " so little fertile land ? In this also they agreed with him. " Well then," said Cyrus, '• would you avail yourselves of the permission to till as much Armenian land as you wish on condition that you paid in full just as much rental as other tenants in 18.

Armenia do?

"

" Yes," said the Chaldaeans, " if we could be sure of not being molested." 19. " Tell me. King of Armenia," said he, "would you be willing that that land of yours which now lies uncultivated sliould be cultivated, if those " who cultivate it would pay you the usual rental ? The Armenian answered that he would give for in this way his a great deal to have it so revenues would be greatly increased. 20. " And tell me, Chaldaeans," said he, " seeing that you have fine mountains, would you be willing to let the Armenians pasture their herds " there, if the herdsmen would pay you what is fair ? ;

The Chaldaeans own

would ; for they would without any labour on their

said they

get large profits by

it,

part.

259

XENOPHON 2y

Si,

w

€(firj,

av

^Apfievie, i6eXoi<;

^pr]a9ai,

vofxat
Tal
toutwv

axpeXwv Xa\-

fieXKoi
el

Satou? TToXu TrXeio) Mcj^eXtjaeadai,;

Kat

av,

acfioSpa

ecprj,

eiirep

oloi/iijv aa-(f)aXa)^

vifieiv.

OvKOvv, exoire

e(f)i],

dcr(pa\a)
ra axpa

vkfioire, ei

6 ^Ap/j.evio<;.

"Ecfii]

AC,

21. 'A\X.
&v

(TVfifjLa')(a;

rj/jiet
€(f)a(rav

ol

da<paK(o<; ipya^oifieOa

jxr]

dX>C ovS" av

TTjv

rjfierepav,

XaXBatoi, ovk

on

ttjv

ovtol

el

tovtwv,

to,

aKpa

e-^oiev.

Et

vfuv av,

S'

e^rj,

ra dxpa

a-v/jbfuf)(^a etrj;

Ovr(o
'AXXa av

/ia

Ka\S)
rd aKpa

,

6(^7]

6

K.vpo<;

enrev,

iyo) TTOirjau)' ovherepoL
aW'

rjfiel<;

OvrwaX

u/jlcov

(})vXd^op,€V avrd'

23. 'fl?

S'

val eXeyov

7rdvre
260

•qfuv

Kav dSiKcoaiv

rd

r/fi€i<;

6(f)r],

TrapaScoaco, vfioov

iaofieda.

rjKovaav ravra dfKpoTepoi, eTr'pveaav

on

Kal

tolvvv,

rd aKpa

oirorepoL, ai/v rot? d8LKovfj,€voi<;

yevoiro.

ovk dv

6 ^Apfievio<;,

ovtov TrapaXrjyfrovTai irdXiv

el

dXX(o<; re Kal reTei^^^ta-fMeva.

Kal

22.

At

e^oL,

e')(pL.

ovrax; dv ixovoi^ eTTi

rovrot^

r)

elprjvi]

ehocrav

Kal

^e^aia eXa^ov

TTiard, Kal iX€V0ipov<} fiev d/x(j)OTepov
CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

20-23

" And yoUj King of Armenia," said he, " would you be willing to rent their pasture lands, if by letting the Chaldaeans have a little profit you " were to get much greater profit for yourself? " Why, of course," said he, " if I thought I could pasture

my cattle

there in security."

'•'Well then," said he,

there

in

security,

if

"could you pasture them heights were in the

the

" possession of your friends ? ''Yes," said the Armenian. 21. "But, by Zeus," said the Chaldaeans, "we could not even work our own farms in security, to say nothing of theirs, if they were to have possession of the heights." " But," said Cyrus, " suppose on the other hand that the heights were in the possession of your

friends.?"

" In that case," they answered, " all

we

should be

right."

"But, by Zeus," said the Armenian, "we, on our part, should not be all right, if they are again to get j>ossession of the heights, especially now that they have been fortified." 22. "This then," said Cyrus, "is what I shall Cyrus do I shall not give possession of the heights ^^[J^"**** to either of you, but we shall keep a garrison between there ourselves and if either of you does wrong, we shall side with the injured party." :

;

23. ^ides in

And when gave

this

it

they heard this proposal, both

their approval

and

way could the peace be

said that only effective ; and

upon these conditions they interchanged assurances of friendship, and agreed that each party should be independent of the other, that there should 261

XENOPHON dWijXcDv

aTT*

Kol

elvai

avveTiOevTO,

elvai

koX

e7repyaaia
^'

i7nyafua<;

i7rivo/ua(i,

xal

eV^-

fUfX^iav Se koivijv, et rt? dBiKOir] OTrorepov^.

Ovrui

21:.

ovv Tore

fiep

xal vvv

hLeirpd'xdT)'

Be €Ti ovTQ) hiajjAvovcnv ai Tore f^evofxevai avvOrj-

XaXSatot? koI

Kat

Se al

iirel

t&

ttjv

X^^ov re dfM(f)6r€poi, 7rpodvfico<} Kol rdTriTTJBeia crvveia-rjyov. 25. 'Evrei

^ev

8'

<&?

€')(pVTi.

(rvverei-

Koivov (f)povpiov

ecnrepa Trpoa-pei, a-vvSeiirvov^ e\a-

w?
dpi
avcrKr]vovvTcov

Bk elire

TOi?

fjL€v

elcrl

8e tiv€<; t(ov

eavrbv

•^Brj.

TL
on etrf

XaXhaccov oi Xrj^ofievoi ^wcri av €7ria-TaivTo ip
Kal ovT vaiVTO,

*Kpixeviav

avvdrjKac eyeyivrjvro, evdi)^

eWicrpiAvoi

diro

iroXifiov

fiioreueLV

del

yap iX'p^ovT* rj €fiia6o(f)6povv, TroWa/ci? f^ev irapa T« ^\vBSiv ^aa-cXel (xal yap, ecfiacrav, 7ro\v'Xpvaor], Tt ovv ov kuI vvv trap e/ioi jxta-Oo^opovcnv; eyo) yap BaxTro oaov Tt9 Ka\ dWo<; irXelaTOv Bi^iroTe eBcoKC. %vve(f)acrav [oi],^ Kal ekeyov rovf e6e\r}(T0VTa
Kai ravTa

Be K.vpo<;

6

^IvBov ol '

[01]

MSS. 268

(^9

fiev

rjKovaev

7roWov
Brj

ovroy

ye

avvw^oXoyelro.

on ttoWukl^

XaXBaloL etropevovTo,

eaeaOai

7rpo<;

tov

dvafivr}cr0€l<; ore

omitted by Dindorf and bracketed by later Edd.

;

ol

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

23-27

be the right of intermarriage and of mutual tillage and pasturage in each other's territory, and that there should be a defensive alhance, in case any one should injure either party. 24. Such, then, was the agreement entered into at that time and to this day the covenants which were then made between the Chaldaeans and the king of Armenia still continue in force. And when the treaty was made, they both together began with enthusiasm at once to build the fort for their common protection, and then together they stocked it with provisions. 25. When evening was drawing on, he entertained both sides, now made friends, as his guests at dinner. And while the party was in progress, one of the chaidaean °»«r<=«^ri«' Chaldaeans said that to all the rest of them this state of affairs was desirable ; but there were some of the Chaldaeans, so they said, who lived by plundering and would not know how to farm and could not, for they were used to making their living by the business of war ; for they were always making raids or serving as mercenaries they were often in the service of the Indian king (and he paid well, they said, for he was a very wealthy man) and often in the service of Astyages. 26. " Then why do they not enter my service now ? " asked Cyrus " I will pay as much as ;

;

;

any one ever did." They assented and said that the volunteers would be many. and Cyrus 27. These terms were thus agreed upon when Cyrus heard that the Chaldaeans made frequent anTmSasy trips to the Indian king, remembering that represen- *" 1°^" ;

263

XENOPHON avrov

rfK0ov Trap TO. avTcov

Mt^Soi/?

KUTacrKeyjrofievot,^ et?

Trpdyixara koI m^ovTO tt/jo? T01/9 TToXefXiovi, 0770)9 av KoX TO, €K€LVOiv Kar'ihwaiv, i^ovkero jxaOelv top ^IvBov ra kavrut TreTrpay/jbiva. 28. rjp^aro ovv Xoyov toiovSc O, ^Ap/jL€vie, Kol vfi€t<;, S) XaXSatoL, €(f)')], eiTrare fjbot, et riva iyo) vvv rcov ificov airoareXXoifiL TTpb^ TOP 'IvSoi/, crvfnrefiyjraiT^ av fiot rSyv vfiereptov olLTive^ avTa> rrjv re oSov rjyolvro av Kcu avixTTpdrroLev ware yeveaOai rjiuv irapa rov

a

*Iv^ov

iyoo ^oiiXofxai;

yap

eyoi

')(^pi]p,ara

fiev

irpoayeveadai ert civ ^ov\oi/j.rjv rjfj.iv, 07ro)<j e%&) Kal fiiadov d(f)06va><; SiSovai ol? av Set) Kal rifiav Kal Scopeicrdai rcov avarpuTevofxevcov rov<; d^lov;TOVToov 8r) €V€Ka ^ovkofULi, Qi<; d(f)0ov(OTaTa )(pi]fjuiTa

Be

e)(eLV,

vfieTcpcov

vfid<;

r]8i]

SelcrOai

rjhv

vofiL^ay

tovtcov

vofu^cov.

dire'x^eaOaL'

fj,ot

rwv yap

nrapd 8e rov ^IpSov ^Seeo? av

Xd^oifii, el BcBoirj. 29. 'O ovv dyyeXo^, o5 KeXevw vfid
8e

irpoahelcrOat

(o

^IvSe, Trpo?

ere-

irpoaSexop'evo^ dXXrjv (XTparidv oiKodev ck Tiepawv {Kal yap TrpoaSi'^ofiai, €(f>7}') rjv ovv avTw irefii^'i oiroaa (TOL TTpoywpel, (f)r](TLV, '^v Oeo<; dyaObv reXo<; 8i8(p (f>r)(rl

')(^prjiJbdroiv,

avTw, Treipdaeadai iroirjaai ware ae vop^i^eiv Ka^e^ovXeva-Qai 'XP'picrdfievov avru). 30. ravra

Xtb<;

[xev 6 Trap

ifiov Xe^ei.

toI<;

he irap v/jLmv

^

KaraffKfxj/S/xfvot

2

5<5(p

264

Stephanus, Edd.

MSS., most Edd.

;

Sy

Hug

;

av

vfi€t<;

i7rt(rTeXXer€ 6 ri v/xlv (rvp,(f)opov SokcI elvat. KaraffKe^^iixevot

Kai

MSS.

after Weckherlin.

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

27-30

ii.

once come to Media to invesand had then visited the enemy to inquire into theirs also, he wished to have him 28. Accordingly, he began learn what he had done. to speak as follows '* King of Armenia," said he, " and you Chaldaeans, if I should now send one of my men to tell me the Indian king, would you send along some of yours to conduct him on the way and to co-operate with him in getting what I want from the king of India ? Now I should like to have more money, in order to be in a position both to pay generous wages when I ought, and to honour with rewards those of my fellowand the reason why I wish soldiers who deserve it to have as generous a supply of money as possible is that I expect to need it, and I shall be glad to spare yours for I now count you among my friends but from the Indian king I should be glad to accept a contribution, if he would offer it. 29, " Now, when the messenger, to whom I am asking you to furnish guides and co-workers, arrives ' King of India, there, he will speak on this wise he says that he needs Cyrus has sent me to you more funds, for he is expecting another army from and that is true," said he, " for I his home in Persia if, therefore, you will send him «s am expecting one much as you conveniently can, he says that if God will give him good success, he will try to make you think that you were well advised in doing him this favour.' do you now, in your 30. This my envoy will say turn, give your representatives such instructions tis you think expedient for you. And if we get anytatives

from him

liad

tigate conditions there

:

—

;

;

;

:

;

—— '

•

;

265

XENOPHON avrov, a^Oovwrepoi^ fjbev Xd^cofiev, e(fyrj, Trap XP^c^ofieOa' rjv Be firj Xd^cofiev, elaofxeda on ovSefilav avTO) %a/3ti' o^eiKofJiev, a)OC i^iarai fjv

eKelvov ev€K€V

r)fiiv

to rjiMerepov

irpb^

crvfi(f)epov

iravra rideadcu. 31. TaOr' elirev 6 K.vpo
Koi

ApfievLcov

avTov ola

ToiavTa

XaXSat'ft)!/

avT6
iireOv/xet

Kol Xeyeiv koI uKoveiv irepl avrov. oTTore Ka\(a<;

hrj,

Xe^eiv irepl dvOpcoTrovi koX Tore p,ev

7rdvra<;

8cd\.varavT€<; rrjv

ei')(^e,

a-Krjvrji/

dveiravovTO. Ill

T^

1.

va-repaia

S*

6

re

dyyeXov iTna-reiXa^ oaairep Kal

01

ivo/xi^ov

KO/oo? eTrefnre tov koL 6 ^ApfjLevio
€(f>r]

X.a\Baloi avveirep^irov ov<; iKavwrdrovi elvai kcu avp/wpa^ai, koI elrrelv rrepl

K.vpov rd irpoai^KOvra. 'E« Be rovTov Karacr Kevdcaf;

^

Kv/JO?

o

to

(f)povpiov fcal (pvka^LV t/cavoi^; kuI TOt
avT&v KaraXnroov Mr]Bov ov av /ndXiara 'X^apiaaadai, diryei (TvXXa^cov TO a-Tpdrev/jia oaov re rfkdev e')(a>v Trdcrt

Kol

aieTO

J^va^dprj

dp')(pvr

Kal o Trap" ^Apfieviiov 7rpocreXa/3e, koI tov<; irapd XaXBaicov eh rerpaKia^iXiov;, ol tpovTO Kal

dXXwv

crvfXTrdvTCOV TOiv 2.

'n?

efjuecvev '

;

KUTe^rj

KpeiTTOve<; elvai.

et?

evBov ^Kp/ievicov

KOTa
ready)

266

Bk

Tr^z^

ovt

Poppo, moBt Edd.

iirireKiffas

xy

{completed).

oiKovfxevTqv,

ovBel
oure

yvvrj,

dvijp ;

wapwrittviaat z {made

\

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

ii.

30-iii.

2

thing from him, we shall have more abundant funds to use ; and if we do not, we shall know that we owe him no thanks, but may, as far as he is concerned, settle everything >vith a view to our own interests."

and l>e believed that 31. Thus Cyrus spoke those of the Armenians and Chaldaeans who were to go would say such things of him as he desired all men to say and to hear of him. And then, Avhen it was time, the banquet came to an end, and they went to rest ;

III 1. On the following day Cyrus gave the envoy the commission of which he had spoken and sent him on his way and the Armenian king and the Chaldaeans sent along those who they thought would be most competent to co-operate and to say what was appropriate concerning Cyrus. Then he manned the fort with a comjietent garrison, Cyms't supplied it with all things necessary, and left in from'*^^"^* command a Mede who he thought would be most ArmenU acceptable to Cyaxares and then he departed, taking Avith him not only the army which he had brought with him but also the reinforcements that he had received from the Armenians, and about four thousand Chal;

;

daeans, who considered tiiemselves actually better than all the rest put together. 2. And when he came down into the inhabited pjart of the country, not one of the Armenians re-

mained indoors, but

all,

both

men and women,

in

367

XENOPHON

aWa

7rayT€9

virrjvrayv

rjSofievoi

ri €KaaTo
KoX

ovk Jj^Oero,

Tovroi
^Apfj,ivio
koX

elp'qvrj

tjj

^epovra Kol dyomre^ 6

a^iov €t%e. ovtq}<;

TOP K.vpov fiaWov rjSeadai iravTOOv Ti/iiy. r^Xo? 8e virrjVTrjae koX vofil^cov Kttl

rrj 77

av vtro

yvvT}

dvyarepa^ e-)(ov
^

Apfievlou,

Ta<;

Koi T(o fiev 'Apfievi,a) /MijKeTi Sa><; avra Karopv^at, eKTrefiyjrov 8e tov vlov to? KaWicTTa air* avTcov^ KaTaaKevdaaaa eVt ttjv (nparidv aiTO Be tS}v Xolttmv ktco koI aavTjj xal T(p dvSpl KaX Tai
Sid^€T€'

OTav

eh

Be TrjV yijv,

e
€KacrTO
'O

TavT

dpKeiTeo

t^

acofiaTa,

KaTaKpxmTeiv.

6 8' 'ApKaX 01 dXXoi Trai/re? dvOpcoTTOL, dvaKaXovvTe
fiev

irXeiova, <&9 5.

eliruiv TrapijXavvev'

aufjiTrpovTrefiTre

[juevio's

OuTO)

€lpi]vi]
Srj^ 6

ovy a eka^e

oXkoi ovcri]^.

K.vpa

dirrjet,

jjlovov '^p'^fiaTa,

Ace^T^/itt*/ KT/ievo?

dXXd

ttoXv irXelova

TOXJTCov '^TOCfxacr/jiivo^ 8ia tov Tpoirov,

wo

le Xafi-

fidveiv oiroTC SeoiTO.

268

'

ar'

"

5j»

avrwv zD, Edd. cnrdvTcov x MSS., most Edd.; «' Hug. ;

;

airdyroov V,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

2-5

their joy at the restoration of peace^ came forth to meet him, each one carrying or bringing whatever he had of value. And their king did not disapprove, for he thought that Cyrus would thus be all the And better pleased at receiving honour from all. finally also the queen with her daughters and her younger son came up to him bringing not only the money which before Cyrus had refused to take, but

other gifts as well.

And when he saw it Cyrus said " You shall No, make me go about doing good for pay good queen take back home with you this money 3.

:

not

!

;

which you bring and do not give it to the king again to bury, but with it get your son as fine an outand with fit as possible and send him to the army what is left get both for yourself and your husband, your daughters and your sons, anything the possession of which will enable you to adorn yourselves more handsomely and spend your days more happily. But let it suffice," he added, "to bury in the earth only our bodies, when the end shall come to each." And the 4. Thus he spoke and rode past her. king of Armenia escorted him on his way, as did all the rest of the people, proclaiming him again and again their benefactor, their valiant hero. And this they continued to do until he had quitted their borders. And as there was now peace at home, the king increased the contingent of troops that he sent with him. 5. Thus Cyrus departed, not only enriched with the ready money that he had received, but also having secured by his conduct far larger funds in reserve, to draw upon in time of need. ;

;

169

XENOPHON K.al Tore ixev iarpaTOTreSeva-aro ev rot? fieOopioi
rfj

8'

varepaia ro

TO, ')(p7]fiaTa eTrefMyjre

(TLOv

r]v,

oianrep

7rpo<;

fiev

'ETrel B

6.

ehcoKe Tot9

iKava

Kot

dr]pLoi<;

elvai,

oiroi';

^

tmv

KaX v
eKelvot kavTOv
e)(oiev

eKdarw

ripAv,

et

ydp,

el

ivo/xt^e

ro oXov

koI avro
e')(eiv.

(Trpartdv,

el
eirt-

y^prjfidroiv

ro p^epo^ d^ieTraivov irovqaeie,

avrw KoKoi^ tBoi ov

oirovirep

ra^idpx,oi<; ocra iSoKei

Tivwi dyaivTO rcov eKacno'i

iOyjpa

7)V(f)paiveT0.

dipiKero ei? Mt/Sou?,

avTov

ttXt)-

avrb^ 8e (TVV Tcypavfj

e^rjaev

KOL YlepcrSiV T049 dplcTTOLf;

Tvy^dvoi€V

kcu

(TTpdrev/xa

K^va^dpriv 6 Be

ravra

Krcl>fievo<;

BieBcopeiro

del d^icordrois, vopi^cov 6 ri KcCkov Koryadov

roi'!

ro arpdrevfjui,

e^oi

rovroi<;

airaaiv auT09

/ce-

Koap^rjcrdai,.

'HvLKU Be avrol
7.

b)Be 7r&)9 €49

K(u irdvraiv

oaov
r]p,lv ev(f)po(Tijvi] ri'i

iripa'

"AvBpe'i

Tt9 vvv irapelvai, Kol

TTpoayejeprjrai KaX

on

cfiiXoi,

on

e^o/iev d<^

BoKel

eviropia

wv npav

eo? av eKaarof d^iof fj. 8. 7rdvra>
e^op,ev

ov<;

Kal ro

fir)

^

270

ir

av /SovXcofieda koX rtfidardai

el^ai T0t9 rroXep.loL';.

Hug, Breitenbach

;

ovrco^i

ot)v

not in MSS. or most Edd.

')(^pi-j

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

5-8

That night he encamped upon the frontier, and the next day he sent the army and the money to Cyaxares for he was near by, as he had promised to But Cyrus himself went hunting with Tigranes be. and the best of his Persians, wherever they came across game, and he was dehghted with the sport. 6. Now when he came back to Media he gave to Rewards each of his captains as much of the money as he meritorioua thought sufficient, so that they in turn might be able to reward any of the men under them with whose conduct they were pleased ; for he thought that if each one made his di%ision worthy of commendation, he would find the whole army in fine condition. And whenever he himself saw anywhere anything calculated to improve his army, he always procured it and distributed it in presents from time to time among the most deserving for he thought that everything that his army had that was beautiful and fine was ;

;

an adornment to himself. 7. And when he was about to distribute a portion of what he had received, he took his place in the midst of the captains, lieutenants, and all whom he was about to reward, and spoke to this " My friends, there seems now to be a kind effect of gladness in our hearts, both because some degree of prosperity has come to us and because we have the means of rewarding those whom we will and of :

receiving rewards, each according to his deserts. 8. But let us be sure to remember to what kind of conduct these blessings are due ; for if you will consider, you will find that it is this watching when occasion

—

demanded, undergoing toil, making due haste, and never yielding to the enemy. Accordingly, we must «7i

XENOPHON TO XoiTTOv avBpa
fcal

on T)

"f)

Kol KLvhvvoi trapexovTai.

Karavowv Se 6 KOpo? to? ev fxev avTcp el^ov ado/xara ol (TrparL&rai 7rpo9 to Svvaadai, (TTpaTtWTLKOV^ TTOVOVi (jiipeCV, €V Bk tA? y^v)(a
TO.

ovv eiredvp^L tl

roiv

r}hr)

TrpaTjeiv, yiyvdoaxaiv

on

irpo^ rov
ev t&) /u.eX.Xetv ttoXXukc^ irapaaKevr)'; dXKa\.rj
dp^ovai Koi rf]v on ^iXoTt/ito? eyovTe^, iv ot? dvT'qywvi^ovTO, iroXXoX koX eVt^^oj/o)? elypv irpo^ dXXriXovt; to3V crTpariwroiv, koX tovtcov^ eveKU e^dyeiv avrov^ e^ovXero et? rrjv troXep.Lav Td)(Lara, etScb? OTt oi koivoI klvSvvoi (piXooi'i TOi?

(f>p6i'a>i;

TToiovaLV

tov<;

e;^eti/

ovKen

crvp./j,dxov<;

7r/309

ovre Tot? iv 07rX.ot9 KO(7p,ovp,evoi<{ (jiOovovcrcv ovre Tot? So^»7
koI

iv

tovtq)

.

dpcara, eireira 8e avveKdXeae /jLvptdp^ov<; /cal ovroi yiXidpxovi Kal Ta^idpxov<; koX Xoxctyov
rovTwv Breitenbacb, ; tovtuv Si z.

Sauppe

272

later

Edd.

;

ruvht xy, Dindorf,

CYROPAEDIA, in future also

III.

iii.

8-11

be brave men, knowing that obedience,

perseverance, and the endurance of toil and danger at the critical time bring the great pleasures and the

great blessings." 9.

Cyrus

now saw

that his soldiers w^ere in good Cyrus

physical condition to endure the fatigue of inilitary invading service, that their hearts were disposed to regard the ^unt^y™^

enemy with contempt,

that they were skilled each in

the exercise adapted to his kind of armour, and that they were all well disciplined to obey the officers accordingly, he was eager to undertake some move against the enemy at once, for he knew that generals often find some even of their best laid plans brought to naught through delay. 10. And he further observed that, because they were so eager to excel in those exercises in which they vied with one another, many of the soldiers were even jealous of one another ; for this reason also he wished to lead them into the enemy's For he knew that country as soon as possible.

common dangers make comrades

kindly

disposed

toward one another, and that in the midst of such dangers there is no jealousy of those who wear decorations on their armour or of those who are striving for glory on the contrary, soldiers praise and love their fellows even more, because they recognize in them co-workers for the common ;

good.

Accordingly, he first completely armed his He rouses and marshalled them in the best and most to^akTtUe imposing order possible then he called together the offeuaive generals, coloneb, captains, and lieutenants for 11.

forces

;

;

273

XENOPHON yhp airoKeXufievoi ^aav rov KaraXeyeaBat TttACTtYot? apidfioL^,

T^

aTparirya)

Kal OTTore Seot

irapayyiWetv

rj

aKka

KaTekeiireTo,

dvap')(ov

ev rot?

vTruKoveiv

rj

ti, oyS'

ovB^v

0)9

8a)8€xaSdp^oi
e^ahdp)(ov^ irdvTa rd KaraXenrofieva BceKOcxfielro. 12. 'ETrel Be a-vvrjXdov 01

eirtKaipioi,

Trapdywv

avToix; iireBeiKW re avToi
iBlSaaKev t'Trel

fj

eKaarov

ia')(ypov rjv rcov crvfJLfia'X^iK&v.

Be KUKeivovf; eTToit^aev €pcoTiKa)
TToielv Ti, eiTrev

avrol^ vvv

e')(ei,v

rov

ijBi]

fiev dirievat irrl rd<;

Ta^et? Kal BiBdaKeiv eKaarov rov
drrrep

auTo? eKeivovi, Kal Treipdadat avrov^ emOvp.iav ep^aXelv Trdcri rov urpareveadai, 6it(0^ evOvfxo-

rara 7rdvre<; e^opfi&vro, rraph Be irpeivai cttI rd<; Kva^dpov 6vpa
S'

rfj

varepava dfia

rrap^crav ol iirLKaipioL itrl 6vpai<;.

ovv 6 Kvpo<; elaeXdmv

rrpo'i

rfj

rj/juepa

(tvv rovroi^

rov Kva^dprjv r^pxero

Xoyov rocovBe^

OlBa

p.ev, e^rj,

(Tol

al(TXvv€L

Xeyeiv avrd,

rpe<^et,
aia)7rd<;, eycb

^

& Kva^dpij,

rrdXai BoKel ovBev tjrrov

i^oBov

fir)

Xe^co Kal

vrrep

a fieXXa Xeyeiv

rifilv

dXX'

to-o)?

dx^ofievo^ 14.

aov Kal

iirel

virep

o5v

on crv

rj/jL&v.

"the most timely," "the most It is consistently rendered " in this translation, though the word may Btaff-officers

of ^iri/cotp«o«

274

17

BoKTJf;

fie/jLvfjadat,.

are literally

important," " the chief oiEcers."

by "

on,

CYBOPAEDIA,

III. iii

11-14

these had been exempted from enrolment in the lines of the regular battalions; and even when it was necessary for any of them to report to the commander-in-chief or to transmit any order^ no part of the anny was left without a commanding officer^ for the sergeants and corporals kept in proper order the divisions from which the superior officers had gone. 12. And when the staff-officers^ had come together, he conducted them along the ranks, showed them in what good order everything was and pointed out to them the special strength of each contingent of the

And when he had filled them with an eager desire for immediate action, he bade them auxiliaries.

then go to their own several divisions and tell their men what he had told them and try to inspire in them all a desire to begin the campaign, for he wished them all to start out in the best of spirits and early in the morning they were to meet him at they all went 1.3. Thereupon Cyaxares's gates. At daybreak on their way and proceeded so to do. the following day the staff-officers presented themSo Cjtus went in selves at the gates of the king. with them to Cyaxares and began to speak as follows

:

"I am sure, Cyaxares," said he, "that you have He Uys his this long time been thinking no less than we of the ?^"x^^* proposition that I am going to lay before you but perhaps you hesitate to broach the subject for fear it should be thought that you speak of an expedition from here because you are embarrassed at having to maintain us. 14. Therefore, since you do not say aaything, I will speak both for you and for ourselves. ;

be applied to all

who

are in aatUority, whether military or

uiviL

275

XENOPHON yhp BoK€i

ffiuv firj

X^t^pa-v,

Trdaiv, eTreiiTep irapeaKevdcy jjueOa,

ifi^aXwaiv

iiret-hav

rrjv TTokefiiav.

TTjv

TTOWd

15.

TroXefiioc et?

prjS' iv

aW'

fi€vov
6vT€
ol

Tore p^dx^crdai,

vvv

fiev

TJj

livai &>?

yap

iv

icofiep, to,

afj

arjv

KaOrj-

rd^iara t^

TCOV CTcbv CTlVOfieda dK0VT6
irdkeplav

rrjv

<^i\iq

eiV

x^P^

YjV 8' 649

eKeivcov KaKa)
^Sofievoi.

16. "ErrecTa vvv pAv cri) r]pM
T^9 trdkepia'i.

17.

ep^Wev

KLvSvvof;

en

he el pev peO^wv rt?

elvai

-qp^lv 6

evOdhe, ia(o<{ to dar
r)

l6vTepe6a rjv re eir €KeLvov
Tr)v

eKeCvoov

r}pei
ovre<;

Be KCLKelvot,

paKkov

rjpd^ (^o^rjaovrat, orav d/cov-

ov (f>o^ovp€voi Trnjaaopev avTOV'i Tuxtcrra avppi^copev, KoX ovK dvapAvopbev ew? dv rj -qperepa %<»/>« KUKcoTat, (f>6dvovr€r}, ei re eKeivov; pev (po^epcoTe(Tcoaiv OTt

dWd

pov
iroXv TOVTO rjpiv eyay TrXeoveKrrjpa vopi^oi, Kal Tov KivBvvov 0VT(i)<; ripiv pev eKdrro) Xoyl^opai, Tot? Se TToXepioL^ p^L^co, iroXv yap pdXXov, Kal 6

276

CYROPAEDIA,

We

III.

iii.

14-19

agreed that, inasmuch as we are quite sit down here in a friendly country and wait till the enemy have invaded your territory before we begin to fight, but to go as quickly as possible into the enemy's country. 15. For now, while we are in your country, we do your people's property much injury quite against our will ; but if we go into the enemy's country, we shall do injury to theirs with all our hearts. 16. " In the second place, you support us now at great expense whereas, if we take the field, we shall get our supp>ort from the enemy's country. 17. And then again, if we were likely to be in any greater danger there than here, we should, perhaps, have to choose the safer course. But their numbers will be the same, whether we wait here or whether we go and meet them in their own territory. And our numbers in the fight will be just the same, whether we engage them as they come hither or whether we go against them to join battle. 18. We shall, however, find the courage of our soldiers much better and stronger, if we assume the offensive and show that we are not unwilling to face the foe and they will be much more afraid of us, when they hear that we do not sit down at home and cower in fear of them, but that, when we hear that they are coming, we advance to meet them to join battle as soon as f>ossible, and do not wait until our country is ravaged, but take the initiative and devastate theirs. 19. And surely," he added, "if we make them more afraid and ourselves more courageous, I think it would be a great gain to us and it would, as I reckon it, lessen the danger under such circimistances for us and increase it for the enemy. And my father are

ready,

all

it is

best not to

;

;

«77

XENOPHON irarrjp act Xiyei

koi av

xal ol aXXot Be irdv-

(f)r}(;

fwXkov

re? ofioXoyovaiv, eo? at fid^at Kpivovrai Tal<; y}rv)(^ai<;

'O

20,

fcpivaTo,

rj

Tai<; rayv crwfjidreov pcofiai^.

fxev

ovra)
'AW'

Hepaat, iyat

Kua^dpr]
etTre*

&

oTTto? fiiv,

d')(doixai

v/j,d
Se

aTre-

K.vp€ Kol 01 aXXot

rpecfxov

firjS'

TO ye fxevTOC Uvai eh rrjv TroXefilav

virovoelre'

rjhr)

KaX

ep^ol

SoKet ^eXriov elvai tt/jo? iravra. 'ETret

roivvv,

6

e(f)r]

Kupo?,

t&v

6fioyv(o/j,ovovfiev,

crvcTKeva^difMeOa koX

rjv TCt

auyKaraivfj, e^ccofxev

o)? rd')(iara.

Oecov

r^ixlv

Odrrov

21. 'E/tf TOVTOV Tot9 /jiev crT/aaTiwrat? el-nov avaxevd^ecrdar 6 Se KOpo? edve irpMTov fiev Att ^aaiXel, eTreira Be koI toc<; aWoi
KaX av/ji^ov\ov<; tmv dyaOcov. 22. aufiripa)a
irapeKdXet Be kol

KaX

K7]Befi6va(;.

^EiireX 8'

eKaXXciprjcre re kuX ddpoov

aTpdrevfia

irpofi toI<; 6pioL
rore

Brj

rjv

avrw

re

olavol^ XPV'

eve^aXev eh ttjv iroXefiiav. eireX rd opia, e/cet av KaX Trjv IXd(TKero 'xpah KaX 6eov
Be

Ta^tcra

Bie^rj

(Tvpta<; olKijropai; rjifxevi^ero.

avOa

ravra

Be TTOiifaas

Att irarpaxp edve, KaX et Tt9 a\Xo9 deS>v dve-

<^aiveTo, ov8evo<; ^p-eXei.

23. 'Evret Be 7re^oi'9

278

KaXm

ravra

'7rpoayay6vTe
ei^ev, evdix; tow? fih

7roXXr]v

oBov icTparo-

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

19-23

always says, and so do you, and all the rest agree, that battles are decided more by men's souls than by the strength of their bodies." 20. Thus he spoke ; and Cyaxares answered : " Do Cyaxares not let yourselves imagine, Cyrus and the rest of you *pp^'"" Persians, that I am embarrassed at having to support As for invading the enemy's country at once, you. however, I too consider that the better plan from every point of view." " Well then," said Cyrus, " since wc are agreed, let us make ready and, as soon as ever the gods give us their sanction, let us march out without a moment's delay."

Hereupon they gave the

soldiers the word to to break camp. And Cyrus proceeded to sacrifice first to Sovereign Zeus and then to the rest of the gods and he besought them to lead his army with their grace and favour and to be their mighty defenders and helpers and counsellors for the common good. 22. And he called also upon the heroes who dwelt in Media and were its guardians. And when the sacrifice was found to be favourable Cjtu» and his army was assembled at the frontier, then amid favourable auspices he crossed into the enemy's country. And as soon as he had crossed the boundary, there again he made propitiatory oflFerings to 21.

make ready

:

^^^

Earth with libations and sought ^^ith sacrifices to win the favour of the gods and heroes that dwelt in Assyria. And when he had done this he sacrificed again to Zeus, the god of his fathers; and of the other divinities that were brought to his attention he neglected not one. 23. And when these rites were duly performed, they at once led the infantry forward a short distance

279

XENOPHON TreBevovTo, toi<; S' tTTTrot? KaTaBpofirjv •jroirjad/jLevot

Trepie^aXovTO iroXKrjv

/cat

koI

TravTOtav \eiav.

TO XoLTTOv Se /iieraa-rpaTO'TreBevofievoi Kal a6ova TaTTLTTJSeca Kal SrjovvTe^; rrjv

e'^ovre'i

')(^(opav

dvi-

fievov Toy? TToXe/itou?.

'HvLKa Se irpoa-iovTe^ iXeyovro ovkcti Bex'

24.

ohov

r)pb€p5>v

pXoi<;

d'jTe')(eLV,

wpa

K.va^dpr],

8oK€cv

fii]T€

avrnrpocrievat,

tots

Srj

6 Kvpo
diravrdv Kal

Brj

TOi
dWh

p,rjTe

Tol
iroXe-

t^fierepoL^
SrjXoi cofiev oti

p,r}

ovk aKovre
pjxXovp^Oa.

ravra avveBo^e ra Kva^dpr), ovtw avvTeraypivoi irpo'paav too-ovtov Ka6^ 'qp.epav

25. 'ETTet Be Bt}

ocTov eBoKei avTol
Kara <^W9

del

«aXw9

€Kaov iv Tft) arparoTTeBq)' arparoTTeBov eKaov, ottci)?

Kal Belirvov p,ev irvpd Be vvKTcop ovk e/xTrpoadev /xevroi tov op&ev fiev ec rive^ vv-

e^eiv.

iiroLovvro,

to trvp, fir) opwvTO S' vtto T&tv TToWa/ft? Be Kal oiriaOev tov trrpaTOireBov eiTvpiToKovv dTrdrrjf; eveKa tmv TroXe/xLoov. axTT ecTTiv ore Kal KardaKOTroi eveimnov eh Td<; 7rpo(f)vXaKd^ avTCOV, Bid to OTrtcrOev Ta irvpa elvai kt6<; Trpocriotep Bid

TTpocriovTcov.

tTi TTpoato

Ot

26. eirel

^Si;

TOV (TTparoTreBov olopevoi elvac. ovv 'Aacrvpioi, Kal ol ciiv avToi<;, £771/9 dXX'^Xcov Ta (TTpaTCvpaTa iyC^

fiev

Kal vvv en dv arpaTOireBevwvTai, Td(f>pov Trepi^dXXovrat, evTreTto^ Bid Trjv TToXv^^eipcav laaci ydp on Ittttikov
yvcTO,

Td(f>pov

TTOLOVcTiv ol

1

irpSa-a

z,

oirep

/Sacr/Xet9, oirov

Dindorf, Breiteiibaoh, Marchant

Gemoll {far from),

280

Trepie^dXovTo,

^dp^apoi

;

ir6ppw

xy,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

23-26

and pitched camp, while with the cavalry they made a raid and got possession of a large quantity of every

And

thenceforward they shifted to time, kept provisions supplied in abundance, and ravaged tlie country, while they awaited the enemy's approach. 24. And when rumours came that the enemy were advancing and no longer ten days' march away, then Cyrus said " Now, Cyaxares, is the time for us to go to meet them and not to let either the enemy or our own men suppose that we fail to advance against them out of fear, but let us make it clear that we are not going to fight against our will." 25. As Cyaxares agreed to this, they advanced Cyra« and in battle order each day as far as they thought advance* proper. Their dinner they always prepared by *o ™eet day-light, and at night they never lighted a fire in camp. They did, however, keep fires burning in front of the camp, in order that if any one approached in the dark, they might see him by the light of the And frequently also they kept fire but not be seen. fires burning in the rear of the camp for the purpose of deceiving the enemy ; and so sometimes the enemy's scouts fell into the hands of the pickets; for because the fires were behind, they supposed themselves to be still far in front of the camp. 26. Then, when the two armies were near each A barbariaa other, the Assyrians and their allies drew a ditch TOeut"^ around their camp, as even to this day the barbarian kings do whenever they go into camp and they throw up such entrenchments with ease because of the multitude of liands at their command. They take this precaution because they know that cavalry sort of booty.

their

camp from time

:

;

281

XENOPHON revfia iv vvktI Tapa')(Sihh ea-Ti koI hva')(^pr]
eVt

27. Treirohiafievov^ Tal
(f)dTvai<;,

koX

yap

el rt?

eV

avTOv<; ioi, epyop /xev vvkto<; Xvcrat ittttov;, epyov Be yoKivoiaaL, epyov S' eTria-d^ai, €p
Sid aTparoTreSov iravrdiraaiv dhvvarov.

€V€Ka iravToyp

8r)

/cat ol

dWoL

kuI

rovrcov

i/ceivoi

rd ipv-

/xara irepi^dWovrat, koX dfia avrol
28.

Toiavra

fiev Brj iroiovvref;

€771*9

dWrfKoiv

iirel Be 7rpocn6vTe<; diret'^^^ov oaov lylyvovTo. Trapaadyyrjp, ol fiev ^Aaavpioi outco? earparoireBevovTO uxnrep eiprjTai,, iv 7repiTeTa(f)p€Vfiiv

Kot

opca/xeva

(jjo^epcfrepa

iKCLVTjv fiev rrjv

Tot9

VvKra wairep

ivavTiot
elvat.

eirpeire 7rpo(f>v-

\a/ca9 TTOcrjcrdfievoi ^Karepoc eKOt/x'^drjaav. 29. T^ 5' varepaia 6 fiev *Aaavpio<; Kol 6 dWoi i^yep,ove]\ov iyevero ol iroXe/jbioc, /j,a')(^ovfi€Voi. on ouK i^Locev ol iroXe/itot iK tov ipvparo'i ovBe p,d)(r]v iroLrjo-oivTO iv TavTrj rfj rjpepa, 6 fiev Kva^dprj'i KaXecrm tov Kvpov Koi tcov dWcov TOL'9 i'TTiKai.piov'i eke^e ToidBe' 30. AoKec fioi, e^rj, & dvBpe
I

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

26-30

—

—

are at night troops especially barbarian cavalry prone to confusion and liard to manage. 27. For they keep their horses hobbled at the mangers, and if any enemy should make an attack, it is a difficult task to loose the horses in the darkness, it is difficult to bridle them, difficult to saddle them, difficult to put on a coat of mail, and utterly impossible to mount and ride through camp. For all these reasons and also because they think that if they are behind fortifications they are in a position to choose their time for fighting, the Assyrians and the rest of the barbarians throw up breastworks. 28. With such tactics the armies were approaching each other but when, as they advanced, they were only about a p)arasang apart, the Assyrians encamjied in the manner described in a place surrounded, Cyrus, on the indeed, by a ditch, but open to view. other hand, encamped in a place as much out of sight as possible, keeping under cover behind the hills and villages, for he thought that if all one's equipment for war flashes suddenly into view, it And that night inspires more terror in the enemy. each side stationed advance guards, as was proper, ;

and went

to rest.

And on

the following day the Assyrian king Gyms and and Croesus and the other commandei-s let their ^^t*^* troops rest within the entrenchments but Cyrus attack and Cyaxares awaited them in battle array, ready to fight if the enemy should come on. But when it was evident that the enemy would not come out from behind their breastworks nor accept battle that day, Cyaxares called Cyrus and the staff officers 30. "Men," said he, besides and spoke as follows: '•'I propose to march up to those fellows' breast-

I

29.

;

283

XENOPHON TwyiJbevot oi/To)? levat Trpo<;

to

epvfjia

r&v avSp&v

on

ovti], iav fir) avT€Tr€^LQ)aiv i/celvoc, oi fiev •^fiirepoi fidWov $apprjcravre<; airiaaiv, oi TroXifxioc Se

BrjXovv

fcal

T^v roXfiav 31.

ISovTCf; rjfiwv

Tovrm

'Mri8a/ji(t)
fxev

7r/)09

e(f)r},

ovTO) Trof^ao)fi€v. (TOfjieOa,

a>9

av

fidWov

ovTa><}

el

(f^o^'^aovrai.^

iSoKei.

6

Se

Kvpo
Twr Oecov, & K.va^dpri, yap T]8r) ifC(f>av€PT€q iropev-

k€\€V€i<;, vvv re 7rpoa-i6vra
oi TroXefiioi Oedaovrai, ovSev (po^ovfievot, elSore^ OTi ev da(f>aX€t elai rov firjSev fraOeiv, eTreiSdv T€ fiTjSev 7roi7]aavTe<; aTTLoofiev, irdXiv Kadopcovre^; ttoXv evheearepov rov iavrcov r}p,(iiv TO 7rXi]do<;

Karaippov^aovcn, koI avptov i^iaat ttoXv ippoj32. vvv 8\ €<pr), elTal
fj,€vecrTepai<;

SoTd

fiev OTi

irdpeafiev,

oy%

6pa>VT€
Se

^fid<;,

ov KaTa<j)povov(riv, dXXa (f>povTi^ovcri TV TTore toOt' eari, Kul BiaXeyofievoi orav 8' nrepl r)fi&v eytuS' oTt ovSev Travovrai. i^Loycri, rore Bel avToi<; afia <^avepov
eTricrTd),

iK0ifit]6r]crav.

34. fievo<; Ti,fioi<; ^

T^

S'

(poB'fiaotvai

Sauppe.

284

va-Tepala 7rpa> K.vpo<; fiev iareipavci)-

eOve, TrapijyyeiXe Be koX to*? aXXoa ofiolepa Trapeivac. '7rp6avcofievoi
moat

Edd.

;

o0ri6r)trotn€U

MSS.,

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

30-34

works, drawn up just as we are now, and show them that we are eager to fight. For," said he, "if we do that and they do not come out against us, our men will come back to camp more full of courage, and the enemy seeing our daring will be more frightened." 31. Such was his proposal. But Cyrus said "No, by the gods, Cyaxares, let us not do that; never! For if we march out and show ourselves, as you suggest, the enemy will see us marching up but will have no fear, for they know that they are secure against any injury and when we withdraw without having accomplished anything, they will furthermore see that our numbers are inferior to their own and despise us and to-morrow they will come out with much stouter hearts. 32. But as matters stand now," said he, "as they know that we are here but do not see us, you may be sure that they do not despise us but inquire anxiously what in the world this means, and I am positive that they are talking about us all the time. But when they come out, then we must show ourselves and at once engage them hand to hand, when we shall have them where we have long since been wishing to have them." 33. When Cyrus had thus spoken, Cyaxares and :

;

;

the rest agreed with him. And then, when they had dined and stationed their sentinels and lighted many fires in front of the outposts, they went to rest.

34. Early on the following day Cyrus crowned Cyrua offers himself with a garland and prepared to sacrifice, and !l^°(i*fxhui-u sent word to the rest of the peers to attend the t^e pe«is

285

XENOPHON dvaia,
eTret Sk reXo<; el-^ev

eXe^ev

vrcLa-yyovvrai jxev

ev

irdpaivwv

17

ol

"Av8pe
fiev

toI<;

35. ijob

lepol'i.

TToiov^

TLva
')(pr}

Be

elvac

v/.uv

iv

ru)

dv

olSa yhp vpiR<; ravra i7ri(7Ta/j,evov
Kav

alcT'xyvoiiJbiiv

KajavevorjKorei^ , aKovaaTe' 36.

009 yap

veoxrrl

avfifxd')(^ov<;

Kal TreipcofieOa f)fuv avrol^ Be

Tov
Bel

7)fid
erpe(f)6/jie6a

vtto

6/xoiov<;

viro/Mi/jivrjaKeiv

K.va^dpov, a

re e^'

B*

avrov^

Mv

Beimel

oI?

rovTe

re -qcTKovixev, e^'

a re avrov^ irapaKeKXrjKap.ev, wv re ^ dvraywviaral €(j)aa-av rj/iiv eaecrOat. rovro

e^o/i-ei'

iroielv,

virofiLfivriaKere

on

-tjBe

dcrfievoi

37. 17

Ka]

rjfiepa

iariv d^LO^. wv yap av yevwvrai, ovBev Oavfiaarov

eKaar6
6^lrifia6et<; dvOpcoiroi,

avrtov Kal rov v7rofjLip.vrj(TKovrov rretpav X7]-\frea6e. et rive
aW'

6

fxev

yap Bvvdfievo^

Belt]

reXe(o<;

^

oTdirep iy
iinrfp eyd x

;

yBrj

Dindorf, Marchant

omitted by Pantazides ;

Sffxc

xy

6

Be rrjv rovrcov

Kal rovr

p,6vo
Breitenbach. ' wv Tt Schneider, Edd. (£66

dv

dvijp mv,

dyado
vTTOfivrjacv avrb
roiwBe Kal dXXov avvei-

iv ra>

l3eXrLov<; iroielv ecKoraxi

;

; ;

dyair&v,

iyd y, Gemoll bracketed by Hug

airep

irapaK«ie\r)n(vv re z.

;

CYROPAEDIA,

III. iiL

34-3S

sendee with chaplets on their heads. And when the sacrifice was concluded, Cyrus called them together and said " Men, the gods announce, as the soothsayers say and also as I interpret it, that there through the omens of the sacrifice is to be a battle they grant us victory and promise us no loss. 35. Now I should be ashamed indeed to suggest to you how you ought to conduct yourselves at such a time ; for I know that you understand what you have to do, that you have practised it, and have been continually hearing of it just as I have, so that you might properly even teach others. But if you happen not to have had this other matter called to :

;

your attention, listen. 36. " Those whom we recently took as our comrades and whom we are trying to make hke ourselves these men we must remind of the conditions on which we have been maintained by Cyaxares, what we have been in training for, why we have invited them to join us, and what it is in which they said they would gladly be our rivals. 37. And remind them also that this day will prove what each one is For when people are late in learning anyworth. thing, it is not surprising that some of them actually need a monitor and we may be content if they manage even with the help of a suggestion to prove themselves valiant. 38. And in doing this, you will at the same time be getting a proof of yourselves also. For he who on such an occasion can make others more valiant would naturally also gain the consciousness that he is himself a thorouglily valiant man he, on the other hand, who keeps all to himself the admonition to such conduct and rests satisfied v/ith ;

287

XENOPHON av •^/xireXf} avrov^ vo/u^oi. 39. rovrov ovK iyco, €r}, avroif Xi'yw, a\V t'/ia9 KeKeva \iyeiv, iva Koi apeaKeiv v/xiv Treipwvrar €l/cora)
8

ev€/ca

yap koI 7r\rjcnd^€T€

vfieZ^

eavTov

€v

fiepei.

S'

avrol
iiriaTaade

d>
eicacTTO'i rjv

r^

dappovvTa<;

TOVToii;

vfid<; avTOv<; i7nS€iKvw]Te, koI TOVTOV
iaTe(f)av(OfA,evov<;

649

koX (X7rov8d<{

Ta9 Tafet9 auTol^

'ETret

8'

ironja-a/JLevovi; i]K€iv

(TT€(fidvoi
dTTrjXdov, av6i
CKaXeae, Kal tovtoc^ TOtdBe iuereXXero' 8pe^ JJepaai, vfxei^ xal

Kal eTTiXeXeyiJ-evoL eVre, Tot9

KpaTiaToi
Kul

Tepoi.

rjrrov

evTi/j.ov

oTTiaOev

o/jLOioi

6vTe
Ti9

et

ol

rcov

SoKelre rd fiev rrj

e^ere

')(d>pav

dyadov
avT0t9

fiaXaKL^oiTO,

dWa

rfKtKia

S'

TrpcorocrTaTMV'^

t

41. "Avyeyovare

ofiorificov

elvat,,

roivvv

rov
Kal eTTiKeXevovre'i

Kal

rcav

vfi€l
dv

Kal

ovhev

yap

i(^op(ovTe
eVt KpeLTTOVf

ttoioitc,

tovtov

6pcovr€<;

koX

OVK av iirirpiTTotTe avT^. 42. crvfK^epeL 8" vfilv, eiirep tco Kal dXX
efjLTrpoadev dvaKaXovi>T€
yvwavv, v7raKov€T€

avToh, Kal

07r&)9

firjS^

iv

TovTfp avTcov rjTTrjOija-eaOe, avTiirapaKeXevofievoL auTot? daTTOv rjyelaBaL^ eirl T0V
' '

288

avrhv Edd. ; avThi> MSS. oar aTwv Dindorf, later Edd. ; irpoa-raTuy ^7er(r0ai kStephauus, Edd.; ^ytiaOt MSS. ir pair

MSS.

CYROPAEDIA,

III. in.

38-42

that might properly consider himself but half valiant.

The reason why 1 do not speak to them but bid you do so is that so they may try to please you, for you are in touch with them, each in his own division. And remember this, that if in their eyes you prove yourselves courageous, you will teach not only your comrades but many others also, not by precept merely but by example, to be courageous." 40. In concluding, he told them to go with their chaplets on and take luncheon and when they had poured the libation to go, still wearing the chaplets, to their 39.

posts.

And when

they had gone away, he called in the He exhort* of the rear-guard and gave them the follow- ^1°.^^ ing instructions: 41. "Men of Persia, you also offic«rm have now taken you. places among the peers, and you have been selected for your positions because you are considered in every way equal to the bravest, and by virtue of your years even more discreet than they. And so you occupy a place not at all less honourable than that of our front-rank men. For as you are behind, you can observe those who are valiant and by exhorting them make them still more valiant and if any one should be inclined to hang back and you should see it, you would not permit it. 42. And because of your years and because of the weight of your armour it is more to your advantage than to any others' that we should be victorious. And if those in front call to you and bid you follow, obey them and see that you be not outdone by them even in this respect but give them a counter cheer to lead on faster against the enemy. Now go and officers

;

289

XENOPHON teal airiovTe^i,

dpKTTTjaavre'i koI

e(j)rj,

av(i}fjiivoi

eh

^vpov

iv

0/

43.

ajx^l

8r)

fjikv

vfiel
rJKcre

Ta
TOVToi
rjaav

^Kaavpioi koX Brj rjpia-TqKoref; i^fjcrdv re dpaaeoy^ kcu TraperdTTOvro ippco/xevoy^. iraperaTre

ol Se

he avTov
Kot

Xavvojv

vvv

^Aacrvpiot, 'yap virep

hei

'^v')(5)V

apfiUTO'i

e<^'

dyaOovi etvar

dv8pa<;

rwv

irape-

44. "AvSpei;

irapeKeXevero'

vfjbeTepcov

vvv

dya>v Kol vtrep

^

€VT€ Kot^ oXkwv iv oh irpd^-qre, Kot fi yvvaiKMV re koI reKveov Koi irepl TTavrcov vtKi]cravTe<; fiev yap dnrdvireiTaaOe dyaOwv.

yrj
iv ^

virep 0)v

^

roLaSe

axnrep irpocrdev Kvpioc ecrecrde' eiJ tare on TrapaScoaere ravra 45. are ovv viKi}<; ip(ovTe<; irdvra to?? iroXepbioi';. fi&pov yap to Kparetv /Soufiivovre^ p,d')(ecr6e. Xofxevov^ TO, rv(f>\a rov crd>pmo
vfi€t<;

rjTrrjOi^aeade,

(bevyeiv

i7n')(€i.poi'r},

etSto?

on

ol

viKcavre^

p-ev

a-(o^ovrai, ol 8k (f)evyovre<; drroOvricTKOvai fidWov r&v fxevovrcov fio)po<; 8e xal ei ti? XPV/^drcov

i'm6vp,a)v rjrrav Trpoaierai. ol pi^ev viK(ovre
on

ret rS>v r^rrwixevfuv

dp,a

fjievot

ri^ yap ovk ol8ev eavrwv aco^ovai fcal

irpoaXafx^dvovaLV, ol 8e I'jrrd)re Kal ra eavr&v irdvra

eavrov
diro^dWovcriv; 1

{,ir\p

Dindorf,

z,

Marchant

Breitenbach,

;

»6pl

xym,

Gemoll. 2 Ka\

Hug

;

KoX irepl

Marchaut, Gemoll,

290

MSS., Dindorf

;

[koI irtpl]

Breitenbach,

CYROPAEDIA,

42-45

III. iii

get your luncheon and then go with your chaplets on your heads with the others to your posts."

Thus Cyrus and

43.

the Assyrians,

his

men were

when they had

occupied

and

;

lunched, came out

drew up in line. And the king person rode along in his chariot and marshalled the lines and exhorted them as follows 44. " Men of The

boldly and bravely in

:

now

Assyria,

is

the time for you to be brave

now impending

men

;

one for vour lives, for the land in which you were bom, for the homes in which you were bred, for your wives and children and all the blessings you enjoy. For if you are victorious, you will have possession of all that, as before but if you are defeated, be well assured that you will surrender it all to the enemy. 45. Therefore, as you desire victory, stand and fight for it would be folly for men who desire to win a battle to turn their backs and offer to the enemy the side of their body that is without eyes or hands or weapons and any one who wishes to live would be a fool if he tried to run away, when he knows that it is for the struggle

is

;

;

;

the victors to run

those

who

who

For

who is

likely to

meet

stand their ground.

sires wealth,

what

save their lives, while those

away are more he

also

is

foolish if

who

try

their death than

And

if any one dehe submits to defeat.

know that the victors not only save own but take in addition the property

does not

their

of the vanquished, while the vanquished throw both

themselves and

all

they have away ?

291

king

exiioru"*ia

^

XENOPHON

O

46. he

Brj

/jl€V

K.va^dpr)
on

Kaipo^

i)8r}

yap

Et

vvv,

oTfV

/JLT]

eirj

ayetv

en

cS

ava/x€iva>fx,€v

dW'

vcovTai.

ev

tovtoi<;

top

tt/jo?

iirl

6

tjv.

eXeyev

K.vpov

iroXefiLovi'

rov<;

e^o) rov av Trpoaicofiev iroWol eaovrai'

e^T),

ev

epv/iarof;,

^A(Tavpio<;

irifnrav

okiyoi

at

&v TrXeiov;

eG)9

en

eo)?

icofiep

elcXv

r/fi&v

olofieda

ye-

evireroy^

av avTcov KpaTrjaai. 47. 'O 5' av Kvpo
6\Lyoi
TOL
r^TTrjaOai,

dpeivov av

epovai (fto^ovpevov^ to

eTTC'^eip'fjcrcii,

a>OC iaco({

a\Xr}
7r\fjdo
avToX Bk ov voptovcnv

aoL

pd'X,'>]
^ovXevcraivTO

rj

Be'^crei,

ev

y

vvv ^e^ovXevvTac,

TrapaBovTe^ iavToix; r/plv Tap,ievea6ai, w(t0' otto-

^ovXcopeda avTcov pA-xeadai, Br} dyyeXot TavT dKovcravTe
civ

48.

TMV avv

Ol pev

ol S' eXeyov oti i^iocev re -^Bt] xal irapaTdTToi avTom avTo^ 6 ^acnXev<; e^oo wv koI TrapaKeXevoiTO pev Brj T0t9 del e^co ovat TroXXd re kuI la'^vpd, axj eipacrau

TToXeplcov.

Tol
67rXoi
Xeyeiv TOv
50.

"93

Kal

o

Kvpo
elirev,

'O UpvadvTa,

prjBev

CYROPAEDIA,

III.

iii.

46-50

46. Thus the Assyrian was occupied ; and Cyaxares Cyaxares sent to Cyrus to say that now was the time to advance fmme^4" upon the enemy. "For/' said hcj "although those *'**'''^ outside the fortifications are as yet but few, they will

become many while we are advancing let us therefore not wait until their numbers are more than our ;

own, but feat

let us

them

go while yet we think we could de-

easily."

47. " But, Cyaxares," Cyrus answered, " if it is OyrtM not more than half of them that are defeated, you counsels may rest assured that they will say that we attacked '^"^^ only a few because we were afraid of their main body, and they will maintain that they have not been defeated the result will be that you will find another battle necessary ; and then they may perhaps plan better than they have now in delivering themselves so completely to our disjK)sal that we may fight as many or as few of them as we please." 48. The messengers received this answer and were And at this juncture Chrysantas, the Persian, gone. and certain other peers came up with some deserters. And Cyrus, as a matter of course, asked the deserters what was going on among the enemy and they said that the troops were already coming out under arms and that the king was out in person marshalling them and addressing them with many earnest words of exhortation as they came out in succession. So, they said, those reported who heard him. 49. "How would it do, Cyrus," Chrysantas then The vaia« asked, "for you to get your men together, too, while U(^Vi*^' yet you may, and exhort them, and see if you also •lour might make your soldiers better men." 50. " Do not let the exhortations of the Assyrian ;

;

293

XENOPHON XvTrovvrmv at rov ^Kcrcrvpiov irapaKekevaei,^'

(Te

yap iarcv

ovSe/xia

ovro)

fcaXr)

7rapaLvecn<;

r]Ti<;

dyaOov'i avdrjixepov aKovaavra
6vTa
fir)

tovto

efxirpoaOev

fie/ji,e\err)K6T€<:

aK0VTi(7Td
ye aw/xara

iKavoif<>

irovelv, rjv

ovBe

elev,

aXX' ovBe

iTTTrea?,

(irj

fjLrjv

firjv

irpoadev

to.

^ctki]-

Kore^ wai.

^pvadvTa^

51. K.al 6

M

KO/oe,

rjv

ra?

'^v')(a<;

elirev,

avrcov

'AW'

dpKel

roi,

dfieivova'i irapa-

Ke\ev(xdfievo
'H Kal

BvvaiT

dv,

eT)

KO/so?,

o

el?

X0709

rdf ^v'xa'i diro rcov ala^pSiV KoiXvcrai,

prjdeli; avdrj/jiepov al8ov<; jxev ifxirXrjarai

tS>v

aKOVovTcov,

irpoTpi-^ai.

r)

8e co?

')(pf]

iiraivov p.ev evexa irdvTa

klvBuvov

viroBveadat, \a^elv S" ev Tat9 yvcofiat<; y9e/3(Zt&)9 tovto w? aipeTcorepov ecTTL p,a')(ppAvov
TTovov,

Trdvra

Be

(j}evyovTa<; croo^eadai;

52. dp" ovk,

ecprj,

el

/xe\-

eyypac^rjaeaOat dvdpcoTTot? KoX €/xfiovot eaeadai, irp&TOV fiev v6p,ov<; wv rol^ fiev dyaOoi
Xovcri Tovavrai Bidvoiat,

€VTLp,o
Be

Kal iXev6epio<; KaKol
6 ^lo<; TrapacrKevaaOijcreTai,

TaTreivo^

Te

Kal d\y€t.vb<;

xal

d^iooTOf} 6 aldtv eTravaKeiaeTai;

BiBaaKdXov^ olp,ai Bet Kal dpTourot? yevecrdat, oi Tive-^ Bei^ovai t€ 6p6S)<; Kal BiBd^ovai Kal idiovcn TavTa Bpdv, eovti vopl^eiv, tov^ 53. "RTreiTa XOVTa 294 eirl CYROPAEDIA, III. iii. 50-53 trouble you in the least, Chrysantas," Cyrus answered; "for no speech of admonition can be so fine that it once make those who hear it good men if they are not good already it would surely not make archers good if they had not had previous practice in neither could it make lancers good, nor shooting horsemen it cannot even make men able to endure bodily labour, unless they have been trained to it will all at ; ; ; before." 51. "But, Cyrus," answered Chrysantas, "it is really enough if you make their souls better with your words of exhortation." " Do you really think," returned Cyrus, ''that one word spoken could all at once fill with a sense of honour the souls of those who hear, or keep them from actions that would be wrong, and convince them that for the sake of praise they must undergo every toil and every danger ? Could it impress the idea indelibly upon their minds that it is better to die in battle than to save one's life by running away ? 52. And," he continued, " if such sentiments are to be imprinted on men's hearts and to be abiding, is it not necessary in the first place that laws be already in existence such that by them a life of freedom and honour shall be provided for the good, but that up>on the bad shall be imposed a life of humiliation and misery which would not be worth living ? " And then again, I think, there must be, in addition to the laws, teachers and officers to show them the right way, to teach them and accustom them to do as they are taught, until it becomes a part of their nature to consider the good and honourable men as really the most happy, and to look upou 53. 295 XENOPHON hvaKkeel^ aOXiwrarovi airavTOiv Se KUKOvi; KoX yap ovrco rffeladaL. \ovTa hiaredrjvai rov Set TroXeficcov Orjaiv KpeiTTova irape^ecrOai. ra>v et9 iraXaiMv (T€Tai /jiadrjfidrcov rot iov- iroXKoX koX tcov e^LaTavrai, iv rovrtp Suv^- dTroppayjrwBrjcra^ Tt9 w (tvv o'ir\oi<;, iv /ia%'»7i' ttjv fxd- 6j3ov 54. el Si TToXefjiiKOV^ TTOirjaat, irdvTcov 7ra/)a^yO^/xa av pacTOV eirj avSpat; koX pa- rwv iv dvOpcoiroi^ ovK av Toyrot? iiri- 6elv Kol BiSd^ai ttjv peyLcrrrjv 55. eVet eyoay, dperijv. e<pr}, arevov ipupovoi^ eaeaOai, rjplv 7rap6vTa<;, oXov<; ^(TKOvpev, avToi<; 'X^pr) prj kuI TrapaSeiypaTa avTol<; eaecrOe ot elvav KaX VTro^aXeiv ^vvrjaecrOe, tou? iiTiXavddvcovTai. davpd^oip iracriv dpej))^ Tt irXeov av €1 vvv e;^ovT69 irap^ koI vpd 01)9 el S' diraiheinovfi civ, €(f)T}, X0709 ux^eXrjcreie &> rjv ri iravTu- ^pvcrdvra, KaXSi pri9e\ dvhpayaOiav fj TOV9 rd')(^L(na iirl tov<; iroXeptov^. €49 KaX 6 }^vpo<; direKpivaTO hrj totc Tot9 dyyiXoi^, 'AXX' ev pev tarw, e(f>Tj, ore ov-nm elcrlv e^co ocrov; KaX ravTa dirayyeXXere avro) iv diraariv 8el' oyx<w9 oe, eTrei 57. TavT i^r]ye ro Odrrov eKeivw ooKei, a^co arpdjevpa. -qyelro, ol 8' rfp^aro dyeiv, rjhi ^ e'l'novro evraKTai; psv Bid S' Hug, Breitenbach, Marchant omitted by Dindorf rl < Ka > GemoU ^ ^St] ; 296 y]or). el'Kwv kuX irpocrev^dpevo'i Toi ; In xy ; iwil z ; ou- CYROPAEDIA, III. iii. 53-57 the bad and the disreputable as the most wretched For such ought to be the feelings of of all people. those who are going to show the victorj- of training over fear in the presence of the enemy. 54. But if, when soldiers are about to go armed into battle, when many forget even the lessons oft learned of old, if then any one by an oratorical flourish can then and there make men warlike, it would be the easiest thing under heaven both to learn and to teach 55. For even in the greatest virtue in the world. the case of those whom we have kept and trained among ourselves, 1, for my part, should not trust even them to be steadfast, if I did not see you also before me, who will be an example to them of what they ought to be and who will be able to prompt them But I should be surprised, if they forget an}-thing. Chrysantas, if a word well spoken would help those wholly untrained in excellence to the attainment of manly worth any more than a song well sung would help those untrained in music to high attainments in music." 56. Thus they conversed. And again Cyaxares sent Cy»i to C\Tus to say that he was making a serious mistake chl^* to delay instead of leading as soon as possible against And then Cyrus answered the messenthe enemy. " Very well ; but I want him to know gers saying that there are not yet as many of them outside the breastworks as we ought to have ; and tell him this Nevertheless, since he thinks in the presence of all. best, I will lead on at once." 57. When he had said this, he prayed to the gods The ehargt and led out his army. And as soon as he began to Persians advance, he led on at a double-quick pace and they : 297 XENOPHON TO iTTLaTaaOal re koI fiefjueKerijKevac ii> iropevea-daL, eppai^eva> aXkt'fKovf; rd^ei ex,'^iv Bia to t^ acofiaTa eKTreTro- xal vfjadai Koi 8ia to iravTaf ap)(^ovTa (TTuTaf elvai, rj8io)<; Se 8ia to ^povlfji(o tJtti- (TTavTO yap koX Sk ttoWov ovTco a-Tal<; fievov 8e ol 6eoa6^o) ttuvtc^ avveiTTj-^^Tjaav tw toiovtw yap 8r] ol BecaiBaLfiove^ tjttov tou? dv6 pdi7rov fieyaXrj ttj 59. eTret S' iv o -rraidv eyeveTo, dfia Tropevofievoi ol [TreTraiBevfievoi] ^ Kal irapodWrj\ovi\oTifua<;, poifiri p6iVTe (f)ai8pol el vTTevavTiot^. ^ avrhs 6 Kvpos Hug, Breitenbach Nitsche, Marchant, Geinoll o5 Sto(rK6(-ov y)pois yC (again to the son? of Zeua [Castor and Pollux]) ; a5 Kvpos zC^F^, Dindorf ; 6 Kvpos afia SiOffKopoiS E. 2 irejTojSei/^tVoj MSS., Dindorf, et al. ; bracketed by Hug, , ; <5 298 1 CYROPAEDIA, III. iii. 57-59 followed in good order, for they understood marching and had practised it ; moreover, they followed courageously, because they were in eager rivalry with in line one another and because their bodies were in thorough training and because the front-rank men were all officers and they followed gladly, because they were for they had become convinced by intelligent men long instruction that the easiest and safest way was ; ; meet the enemy hand to hand — especially if that enemy were made up of boAvmen, spearmen, and to cavalry. 58. While they were still out ot range, Cyrus passed the watchword, Zeus our Helper and our Guide. And Avhen the watchword came back and was delivered again to him, C3TUS himself began the usual paean, and they all devoutly joined with a loud voice in the singing, for in the performance of such service the God-fearing have less fear of men. 59. And when the paean was ended, the peers inarched on cheerily [, well -disciplined], looking toward one another, calling by name to comrades beside them and behind them, and often saying: "On, friends," •• On, brave fellows " thus they encouraged one another to the charge. And those behind, hearing them, in their turn cheered the front line to lead them braveh' on. So Cyrus's army was filled with enthusiasm, ambition, strensith, courage, exhortation, and this, I think, is the most self-control, obedience formidable thing an enemy has to face. ; ; Breitenbach, Marchantj Tt »(t. z; T« Tfiratifvftiroi GemolL 299 XENOPHON ^Kaavpiwv 60. Ta)v 8 irpofiaxovvTe^, to? ol /lev i'yyv<; dwo r&v dpfidrayv Trpocre/uyvv -tjSij TlepcriKov TrXrjdo';, dvi^aivov re cttI to, to dpfiara Kot vTTC^rjyov rrrpo<; to kavrSiV 7r\rjOo<;- ol Sk To^orai Koi aKovTiaToX kol crcftevSovrJTai avrcov cupLeaav ra ^iXr) ttoXv irplv e^iKveladai. h i7n6vT€<; ol Hepaai Odrrov yvdro). ol Ovfj.ia Kol eiriheiKvvTw kavrov koX irapey- Ti fiev 61. (w? d(f)€ifi€vcov S^ 6 Kvpo ^€\(ov, i(f)dey^aTO rjBr) tmv eTre^ijaav Brj irapehihoaav viro he irpo- KoX Tov a-irevheiv avfifii^ai rjp^av, (Twe^eiireTO he koX irdaa rj fi€vov hpofiov TLvk'i 62. Kal avTo0€yy€TO' Tt9 eyjreTai; Tt9 dyado^; Tt? tt^wto? dvSpa Kara^dkel; 01 Be dKov(xavTe<s ravro tovto e^deyyovro, Koi hid Trdvrwv he axnrep Traprjyyva ovtq)<; i'^^^coper Tt9 eyjrerai; Tt? dyad6 hpofiw. (f)d\ay^ iiriXado/uLevo^ Ol 63. 01 ye Tlepcrai firjv ovtq)<; 7ro\e/j,toc €)(ovt€<; ofiocre ovKert ihuvavro dWd cnpa^evre^ €(f>evyov eh to epv/jud. av Uepcrac Kara re rd9ovp,ev(ov avrcov ttoXXou? Karearpwvvvaav, fievecv, 64. ol fievoc hrj fjuev €<j>epoi'TO. S' Ta9 rdcfypov^ e/xTriTTTOvra^ etreKnTT}dvhpa^ ofiov Kal iinrov^' evca yap Tfov dpfidrcov eh Ta9 rd(f)pov 8' et9 hSivre opS)VTe<; 300 ravra rfXavvov eh rov rov^ t&v CYROPAEDIA, 60. III. iii. 60-65 But when the main body of the Persians began to get close to them, those of the Assyrians who The Assv "*"* dis- fail fs"' to fail't with mounted from their chariots and fought in front of ^he'S^Mnre the cbai^ army remounted their chariots and gradually drew back to their own main body, while the bowmen, spearmen, and slingers let fly their missiles long their before they could reach the enemy. 61. And when the Persians, charging on, set foot ujx)n the missiles that had been discharged, Cyrus shouted, " Bravest of men, now let each press on and distinguish himself and pass the word to the others to come on faster." And they passed it on and under the impulse of their enthusiasm, courage, and eagerness to close with the enemy some broke into a run, and the whole phalanx also followed at a run. 62. And even Cyrus himself, forgetting to proceed at a walk, led them on at a run and shouted as he ran " Who will follow ? Who is brave ? Who " will be the first to lay low his man ? And those who heard him shouted with the same words, and the cry passed through all the ranks as he had started it : "Who will follow? Who is ; : brave?" 63. In such spirit the Persians rushed to the They flee encounter, and the enemy could not longer stand entoeneh^ their ground but turned and fled back into their ment« entrenchments. 64. And the Persians on their part, following them up to the gates, mowed many of them down as they were pushing and shoving one another and upon some who fell into the ditches they leaped down and slew them, both men and horses for some of the chariots were forced in their flight to plunge into the ditches. 65. And when the Median cavalry saw this, they also charged ; ; 301 XENOPHON oi 5' eveKkivav koI Tro\e/jiL(ov' Kol IltTTTCOV StCl)7/A09 evOa avroi.^ ^V Kol avhpOiV Kol (pOPO'i Srj Se '^ d/j. Ot 66. ivTo S" Tov ipvfiaTO<: r&v ^Aacrvptcov Ke(^a\rj fxev rj 69. 'fl9 Kal pirj, T?)? 5' el eyvw 6 K.vpo'i rd ytyvop^eva, Selcra^ ^idaaivro e'iaco, oXiyoi ovr&i vtto TToWwv a<pa\€iev re, Trapyyyvrjaev iirl ttoS' ^eXcov [/cai Treidecrdat]. * 70. "Fivda Srj eyvco Ti9 dv rov^ 6porlp,ov(; ireTrai- dvdyecv ^ e^co ahrol Sauppe, Breitenbach, Marchant, ; tovtuvs xy ; olroi Pantazides. GemoU ; tovtois 2, Dindorf 2 5e Pantazides, most Edd.; «| MSS., Dindorf. * Tciv •• /col tv^ov most Edd. 302 z, Edd. i TreiOea-eai ; CYROPAEDIA, III. iii. 65-70 upon the enemy's cavalry ; but the latter gave way, followed a pursuit of horses and and slaughter of both. like the rest. men Then 66. And those of the Assyrians inside the fort who Thepanicin stood upon the rampart of the breastworks neither *^ ''^^'^ had the presence of mind to shoot arrows or hurl enemy who were mowing down their ranks, nor had they the strength to do so because of the awful spectacle and their own panic fear. And spears at the presently, discovering that cut their way through some of the Persians had to the gates in the embankment, they turned away even from the inner rampart of the breastworks. 67. And the women of the Assyrians and their allies, seeing the men in flight even inside the camp, raised a cry and ran panic-stricken, both those who had women while younger as well, children and the they rent their garments, tore their cheeks, and begged all whom they met not to run away and leave them but to defend both them and their children and themselves as well. 68. Then even the kings themselves with their most trusty followers took their stand at the gates, mounted upon the ramparts, and both fought in person and encouraged the rest to fight. 69. But when Cyrus realized what was going on, he feared lest his men, even if they did force their wav in, might be worsted by superior numbers, for his own men were but few so he gave orders to retreat still facing the foe, until they were out of range. 70. Then one might have seen the ideal discipline ; 303 cyrus °'^!^t* XENOPHON tu^v fxh yap avrol iireWovro, Se Tot9 dX\oi Ta^v i I 304 CYROPAEDIA, of the peers ; for III. iii. 70 they themselves obeyed at once and And when at once passed on the word to the rest. they were out of range, they halted in their regular positions, for they knew much more accurately than where he should stand. a chorus, each the spot BOOK IV THE CAPTURE OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CAMPS OF THE ASSYRIANS I M.eiva<; 1. T^ (Tvv fMoi elai B^ 6 KO/ao? a-TpareviiaTt, fid')(€a9aL dvre^yei, eX aTrrjyayev fxerpiov koL rt? ocrov yjpovov avrov BrjXcocra^ i^ep')(pLTo, eSoKCt on eroc- d><; ov8el KaX e')(eiv Koi iaTparoTreSevaaro. v\aKa(i Se KUTaarTTjad/j.€vo^ KoX (TKOTTOVfi TTpoTrifMyfraq, crra? eZ? to /xio'ov avveKaXecre rov T049 '^St] vfid<; dirorekelv. eTraivco' to iyw Be dTToreTeXeaTai' Siv S" vfiiv Ka\5> dWa eVet 308 oaanep 5' £70; olfxat Kal irdvre'i vfiel iiroceiTe' Trapr]yyurj(Ta eiravdyeiv Ka\iaa avTov ( BOOK IV 1. CvRUs remained there for a while with his army Cyrus and showed that they were ready to do battle, if any ** '*"* one should come out. But as no one did come out against him, he withdrew as far as he thought proper and encamped. And when he had stationed his outposts and sent out his scouts, he called together his own men, took his place in their midst, and addressed them as follows 2. "Fellow-citizens of Persia, first of all I praise the Hisaddres* gods with all my soul; and so, I believe, do all of^p, you for we not only have won a victory, but our lives have been spared. We ought, therefore, to render to the gods thank-offerings of whatsoever we have. And I here and now commend you as a body, for you have all contributed to this glorious achievement but as for the deserts of each of you individually, I shall tr)' by word and deed to give every man his due reward, when I have ascertained from pro|>er sources what credit each one deserves. 3. But as to chrysautas Captain Chrysantas, who fought next to me, I have pro™ot«* no need to make enquiry from others, for I mvself know how gallant his conduct was; in everything else he did just as I think all of you also did but : ; ; ; XENOPHON outo? opo/xacTTL, avarerafievo^ rrjv iralawv TroXe/xiov, virrjKovcre re e/ieWe fid'^^aipav, eo? evdv<; a<j>ei^ e/iol eTTparrev aWoipovpbev koX To^a evreivaadac Kol TO, iraXra eTracpelvar ware avr6 fyap re avr6 TrapexeTai. /ceXevo/xevov kol eTravijye 4. eym irepl o)v ro TTOielv aXXov<; rol<; S', €(f)r], 6pS) Terprnfievovq, aKe'^dfievof; ev oTroto) y^pova erpot)- drjaav, Tore ttjv yvcafirjv irepl avrSiv d7ro(f)avoufiai. Upvadvrav KoX Be (ppovtfxov 'y^L\t,ap')(ia dyadov 5. fiev epydrrjv i]8r} ri/xo)' (f>vyr) ev TroSAjJLW dp)/ei,v dWo orav Be Kal Kat TrdvTa^ Be ^ovXofiat a yap vvv eXBere ev rfj avTol t&v ikuvov koX ri 6 deo<; Bw, ovBe rore eTnXrjo'opat avrov. vfid^, e^rj, virofivrj- fidyrj rfjBe, ravra iraveade, Iva irap vfiiv del Kptvrjre Trorepov rj dperr} fidXXov rj (Tco^ei Ta9 \^v')(^d<; Kal Trorepov ol fidx^c^ai ev6vfiov[xevoi T} koI a)9 Kal dpyeaOai fii]7roT€ iOeXovre yap vvv dpicrra Kpivair Kal dpri eyovref; 6. KoX ravra pev^ av eirjre. Nvv ' 3i(tt' dorf, av yeyevrifievov € re irelpdv rov avrwv irpdyparo del Biavoovpievoi fieXrlov<; Be a)9 6eo(J3iXei Hug {until). GemoU ; ? z, Din- CYROPAEDIA, IV. i. 3-6 when I gave the word to retreat and called to him by name, even though he had his swoi'd raised to smite down an enemy he obeyed me at once and refrained from what he was on the point of doing and proceeded to carry out my order not only did he himself retreat but he also with instant promptness passed the word on to the others and so he ; ; succeeded in getting his division out of range before the enemy discovered that we were retreating or drew their bows or let fly their javelins. And thus by his obedience he is unharmed himself and he has kept his men unharmed. 4. But others," said he, " I see wounded and when I have enquired at what moment of the engagement they received their wounds, I will then express my opinion concerning them. But Chrysantas, as a mighty man of war, ; prudent and now promote fitted to — command and to obey him I And when God shall to a colonelship. vouchsafe some further blessing, then, too, I shall not forget him. 5. "I wish also to leave this thought with all of The lessons you," he went on: "never cease to bear in mind *''*^°'^"'* what you have just seen in this day's battle, so that you may always judge in your own hearts whether courage is more likely to save men's lives than running away, and whether it is easier for those to withdraw who wish to fight than for those who are unwilling, and what sort of pleasure victory brings for you can best judge of these matters now when you have experience of them and while the event is of so recent occurrence. 6. And if you would always keep mind, you would be more valiant men. go to dinner, as men beloved of God and this in "Now 3" XENOPHON KaX (nrovSa^ rot? 0eoi<; Traidva e^dp-)(eade koI a/j,a to TrapayyeXko/xevov TrpovoetTe. 7. EtVo)!' Se^ ravra ava^a<; iirl top ittttov rjXaae koI 7r/309 }^va^dpriv iXdcbv koX crvvr]a9elvXaKa^ KUTaaTTjadfievot q)<s eSet eKoifirjhenrvoTToiela-Oe ai/Sjoe? TTOLelade /cal drjaav. Ot UTe KoX T€6vi]K6TOVT€ dp-)(pvTo A(T he Koi cr')(ehov <7vv avTa> jxiav he TrXeio-Trjv 7rap€i)(€ irdaiv Trj<; Brj Trj (TTpaTid'i (pvXov to iKKeiTTOvcri vvkt6<;. 9. a)9 Sie^OapTO crTpaToireSov 5' on Td to 7]yovfi€Vov yvcopw;. ovtw /cal d7rep')(0VTat eyeveTO Kal epij/xov rjfxepa to twv TroXepbiiov (TTpaToirehov, i(f)dvr] Bia0c^d^€i 6 KOjOO? Tov dvBpcov €vdif KaTekekeiTTTO he viro twv TroXe/ucov nroWa fiev TTpo^aTa, TToXkol he /Soe?, "TroWal he dfxa^at, ttoWmv dyadcov p,ecrTa'f e'/c he tovtov hie/3aivov tjhr) Kal ol dp(f)l Kva^dpyjv M.i]hoc 7rdvTeeivai, 6e&v t)p.iv avTa hihovTcov. * 312 Sc Zeune, Edd. ; t« z ; not in xy. CYROPAEDIA, IV. i. 6-10 brave and wise ; pour libations to the gods, raise the song of victory, and at the same time be on the lookout for orders that may come." 7. When he had said this, he mounted his horse and rode away to Cyaxares. They exchanged congratulations, as was fitting, and after Cyrus had taken note of matters there and asked if there were anything he could do, he rode back to his own army. Then he and his followers dined, stationed their pickets duly, and went to rest. 8. The Assyrians, on the other hand, inasmuch as Tho they had lost their general and with him nearly all d^^^**** their best men, were all disheartened, and many of them even ran away from the camp in the course of the night. And when Croesus and the rest of their allies saw this, they too lost heart ; for the whole situation was desperate ; but what caused the greatest despondency in all was the fact that the leading contingent of the army had become thoroughly demoralized. Thus dispirited, then, they (quitted their camp and departed under cover of 9. And when it became day and the enemy's camp was found to be forsaken of men, Cyrus at once led his Persians first across the entrenchments. And many sheep and many cattle and many wagons packed full of good things had been left behind by the enemy. Directly after this, Cyaxares also and all his Medes crossed over and 10. And when they had had breakfast there. breakfasted, Cyrus called together his captains and spoke as follows " What good things, fellow-soldiers, and how g^eat, have we let slip, it seems, while the gods were the night. : 313 XENOPHON TToXe/iLoi 01 Se o'iTiv€<; ipevyovai, ihovra^; r}fia direipot ovra ovre? ipufucri dv tto)? ov')(^ iK\i7r6vre<; rovro av jxelvai tovtovi; rii; T& iv oXolt laoiriSw; y^' rjfLMV ireTTovOaaiv; 5e oirti/e? rj/jbcov y av t€ koI ttoWo, KaKa virefieivav, vTrofieivetav, eirei ^TTTjVTai mv S^ vvv ttm'? ol ^eXricrrot airo- XoiKaai, ttw? ol irovriporepoi eKelvoyv Tjfiiv oparc airooeSpaKaaiv avTol r]fia^ iv dv fid'^eo'dai, ideXoiev; KaL 11. Tt9 etTre, Tt ovv Ta'x^KTra, KaTahrjXoDv ye ovrco ov rmv StfOKOfiev eo? dr/adoiv ovtcov; Kat 09 elirev, "Oxi ittttcov TrpoaSeofieOa' ol yap KpdricTTOi rcov troXefilcov, ot>9 fxaXtcrra fjikv Kaipb Tjv rj Xa^elv ""mrwv 6')(ovvraf^ ov rj KaraKave'v,^ ^fi€i<; T0t9 ^6049 Ifcavoi, St(OK0VT€^ 8e alpelv 12. ovtoi e'^' fiev avv rpeirecrOai, ov)(^ iKavoi. Tt ovv, ecpaaav, ouk eXOcbv K.va^dpr] \e7et9 ravTa; Kat 09 elSfj el)9 'Ea; "EvveTrecrOe etTre, OTi Trdaiv -qpuv ravra tovtov eXiTovTO re roivvv fxoi 7rdvT6 BoKei. 7rdvTe<; /cat eXeyov ola iTnT7]8€ia ehoKovv elvai inrep o)v eSeovTO. 13. Kat 6 K.va^dpr}'; dfut fiev ort eKelvoi r)p)(ov Tov Xoyov, atcnrep vire^Oovei' dp,a ex^i-v i^oicei avTQ^ re avTM irepl 8' to"ft)9 KaX(i) ttoXiv KLvhvveveiv Kal evdv/xlav irvyy^avev oiv Kal fir] yap r&v KaraKaveiu Dindorf, Edd. ; KaraKaiveiv z ; ii,iroKre7vai xy. vf ovtoi xF^, oxovvrai Cobet, Breitenbach, Marchant Dindorf {are moving off)i <:Kt>vodvTai GemoU ; iffovrai ^ ^ zDF2. 3M ; I 4 CYROPAEDIA, IV. i. 10-13 them into our hands Why, you see with own eyes that the enemy have run away from us when people behind fortifications abandon them and flee, how would any one expect them to stand and fight, if they met us in a fair and open field ? And if they did not stand their ground when they were yet unacquainted with us, how would they withstand us now, when they have been defeated and have suffered heavy loss at our hands ? And when their bravest men have been slain^ how would delivering ! your ; " willing to fight us ? 11. " not pursue them as swiftly as possible," Pursuit said one of the men ; " now that the good things we P^P***^ " have let slip are so manifest to us " Because," he replied, " we have not Horses enough ; for the best of the enemy, those whom it were most desirable either to capture or to kill, are riding off on horseback. With the help of the gods we were able to put them to flight, but we are not able to pursue and overtake them." their more cowardly be Why .^ "Then why do you not go and 12. this ? tell Cyaxares " said they "Come with me, then, all of you," he answered, " so that he may know that we are all agreed upon this point." Thereupon they all followed and submitted such arguments as they thought calculated to gain their object. 13. Now Cyaxares seemed to feel some little jealousy because the proposal came from them at the same time, perhaps, he did not care to risk another engagement then, too, he rather wished to stay where he was, for it happened that he was ; ; 315 XENOPHON aWwv elire Tcbv M'^Smv ovv S' (f)epecv avd pcovtov fieXerdre ficav fiei^co Se rjSovrjv tL Trape')(ei euTy;^ta9 ^ vvv rjpuv TrapayeyevrjTai; 15. *llv fieu rolvvv [eVet euru^oO/iei'],^ V(i3 BtacfyvXaTTOOfiev avrrjv, ravrrj Spare 8icoK€Lv, a-Qi(f>p6- av hwaified^ tcrci)? aKivZvva><; €v8aifiovovi>T€(; yrjpdv el XpQ)/j,€vot Be ifiol ttoXv ixaXvara avfi- rjSovrj^ elvat,. u/iet? aTfKrjaTW'i r}hovr)V xal 6pa>v koI ctKovwv ol8a' fieyLcrTr]<; eyxparr] ''ivOpa>7roi<; ^ Trpo? fjurjSe Siafceiadai 8oKel T^9 14. fxaXXov a\X(i)v Hepaai, oi TroWovf to avro irocovvTaf 'AXV, a) Kuyoe, on fiev ecopa atBc 8' d7r\r](Trco<; dXXrjv Kol dXXrjv iretpaao/xeda fir) direp 7roXXov<; irddw/Jiev Xeyovaiv iv OaXdrrr) TreirovOivat, 8td to fiev evTV')(elv ovK ideXovTa^ iravaaaOaL trXeovra'i diroXecrdav TToWou? KaX 8e viicr} Tvy^6vTa<} irpoadev diro^aXelv. rrjv 01 TToXefiiot dv fcal -IjTTOU^ ovTe<; BioiKeiv tov9 yjttov^ he KUTavorjcTov iroaTCi) fiepei (TUfievoc vevLKrjKafxev ov Kal rifid d-niaaiv ol S' e^iepbevovi er€pa<; 16. koi yap r}p,S>v da^aXwf; avrwv aXXoi el e fiev to- 0)9 vvv iravre^ /^^X^' dp.a')(pi elaiv dvayKacrofiev fid'xecrdai, dyi'OovvT€ Kol eavTov 8e yvcixrovTai oti diTi6vTe ^ rZv HWwv /xaWov z, Dindorf, Breitenbach Marchant, GemoU fidXurra y. ^ [ejrel fvTvxovfiev'] bracketed by Hug. ; ; ov8ev KaWiara x, CYHOPAEDIA, IV. i. 13-16 engaged in making merry himself, and he saw that many of the other Medes were doing the same. However that may be, he spoke as follows Cyaxare* 14. "Well, Cyrus, I know from what I see and hear'*^^^ that you Persians are more careful than other people not to incline to the least intemperance in any kind of pleasure. But it seems to me that it is much better to be moderate in the greatest pleasure than to be moderate in lesser pleasures and what brings to man greater pleasure than success, such as has now been granted us ? 15. " If, therefore [when we are successful], we busily : ; follow up our success with moderation, we miglit, perhaps, be able to grow old in happiness unalloyed But if we enjoy it intemperately and one success and then another, see to it that we do not share the same fate that they say many have suffered upon the sea, that is, because of their success they have not been willing to give up seafaring, and so they have been lost and with danger. try to pursue first ; many when they have gained others, a victory, aimed at another and so have lost even what they gained by the first. 16. And that is the way with us for if it were because they were inferior to us in numbers that the enemy are fleeing from us, perhaps it might be safe for us actually to have ; pursue this lesser army. But, as it is, reflect with what a mere fraction of their numbers we, with all our forces, have fought and won, while the rest of theirs have not tasted of battle; and if we do not compel them to fight, they will remain unacquainted with our strength and with their own, and they will go away because of their ignorance sn XENOPHON rjTTov Kivhvvevovcnv crofiev ^ yeviaOai. yvvalKa eKCLVCOv rj 17. icrdi €7r€i8av 6(f)d(0(ri, ouKen TCKvcov, dXX* t€Tac vvv fxev ea')(ov yap on ov ouS' rjv (f>evy€i top Xafi^dveiv eTTt fikv el S' eV el avv rt rcbv ovaa, Tv)(rj fiLa oyare TaficevecSai (rve 18. /cat epvfia trap- i^ovXo- 67r6croi<; irpoat- eu/3L';^&)/)ta avToU KOI pioS^a-ovrai %ci)/3i9 yevopbevoi, o'l Kara Trpoaoiirov rjfuv wcrirep koX vvv ivavTiov- adat, ol firi ai a)ai, Treipco/nepov. KaTaKXeia-avre^ kavTOv 'qpZv eTTidvfiel koX ^evyovai, kclv iroXKal fieda avroiv p,d')(^eadac' fiev on 8' ivvoei ayadovf; /j.aX\ov ra? ai) eTTeiSav Se rt? avroov drjpa reKVOL Tol avayKa- fJ^r) ^ovXcovrat, fir) vaX iralha^ Xa/Belv aaxrai. eKeivoi oVo)? fxevovTe rj kuv avrov S' TToXXciyv 6(j>6aXp,(ii)v. eK irXaylov, oi he koI oiria-dev, opa eKaaru) ruioiv 8' Trpoaeri yeipSiv ouS' av Zer)aei edeXoifii, kcli e^rj, opwv Mt^Sou? ev6vfiovfievov<;, e^avaarrjdvayKa^eiv KLv8vveva-ovTa aa ^iX(ov rovTMv rjKOLfiev dyovre eKdcrrcp to fiev yap diravre^ evdvjJirjCTeade. ye T&v TToXe/xicov ovBe 8iQ)^6/jLeda' Kal KaTaXd/Soifxev; 8e Tov rjv ri (TrpaTev/jLaT0<; Xd^oi/nev * ivayKdiffontv Dindorf, Edd. ; i] r) n €(f>^ irXrjdo'i ttw? oh rj/j,ei yap av d'Ke inroXeLTrofievov, ayayKdaunev MSS. CYHOPAEDIA, IV. L 16-19 and cowardice. But if they discover that they are in no less danger if they go away than if they remain in the field, beware lest we conipel them to be valiant even against their will. 17. And let me assure you that you are not more eager to capture their women and children than they are to save them. And bethink you that even wild swine flee with their young, when they are discovered, no matter how great their numbers may be but if any one tries to catch one of the youngs the old one, even if she hap{>ens to be the only one, does not think of flight but rushes upon the man "who is trying to effect the capture. 18. And now, when they had shut themselves up in their fortifications, they ; allowed us to manage things so as to fight as many at a time as we pleased. But if we go against them in an open plain and they learn to meet us in se})arate detachments, some in front of us (as even now), some on either flank, and some in our rear, see to it that we do not each one of us stand in need of many hands and many eyes. see the Medes like to rout them out that I And besides," said he, "now making merry, I should not and compel them to go into danger." "Nay," said Cyrus in reply; "please do not Cyrm anybody under compulsion but allow those who ^"unSe'a will volunteer to follow me, and perhaps we may objection* come back bringing to you and each of your friends here something for you all to make merr}- with. For the main body of the enemy we certainly shall not even pursue for how could we ever overtake them ? But if we find any detachment of their army straggling or left behind, we shall bring them 19. place ; ; 319 XENOPHON tj^ofiev 7r/909 (re dyovT€ 20. evvoei S', e on Kol 77/xet9, eVet au iSeov, rjXOofiev crol y^api^o/u.evoi fiaKpav o^ov koI (tv ovv rj/xtv BiKaio Aa^cbv St) Wi, e(f)r], av av eirLareiXrj^. ovriva i6e\ei 22. "Eivda Br) eTV')(e irapcov^ 6 <j>rj(Taj, TOP iOeXovra livai /xerd Kvpov. OvTco 8r] Xa^oiv rov dvSpa i^-pei. eTret e^rfxOov^ o K.vpo^ elire, Nvv Br] aii BrfXcoaei*; el dXrjdrj eX€ye<;, ot€^ e(brjp,evo 8 OvKOvv Tovro el K.al diroXel-^oixal ye aov, ecprj 6 M^So9, Xey€L<;. K.vpo<; elirev, Ovkovv kui dXXov^i irpodv- /A&)9 e^d^ei Nrj top At", € 'E7ro/Aocra9 ovv eK€lvo y dv iroirjao) ^ Ttapiiv Schneider, Edd. ; inv * -nap' avTuv x, Hug, Gemoll ; MSS. omitted in chant, Breitenbach. * i^vKBov Hug, Marchant, GeraoU Breitenbach. * Sre MSS., all ; z, e^rj\6fp Dindorf, Mar- MSS., Dindorf, Edd. except Hug, who writes Sri. 320 J CYROPAEDIA, to you. 20. IV. i. And remember," he when you asked 19-24 added, "that we do you a favour and it is therefore only fair that you should do us a favour in return, so that we may not have to go home empty-handed nor always be looking to your treasury here for support." 21. "Very well," said Cyaxares then ; "if indeed any one will volunteer to follow you, I for my part should be really grateful to you." " Well, then," said he, " send with me some one of these notables in positions of trust to announce your commands." " Take any of them you wish," said the other, also, us, came a long journey to ; "and go." Now it happened that the man who had once pretended to be a kinsman of his and had got a kiss from him was present there. Cyrus, therefore, said at once " This man will do." 22. : " Let him follow you, then," said Cyaxares. "And do you," he added to Artabazus, "say that whoever will may go with Cyrus." 23. So then he took the man and went away. And when they had come out, Cyrus said " Now then, you shall prove if you spoke the truth when you said that you liked to look at me." " If you talk that way," said the Mede, " I shall : never leave you." " Will you do your best, then, to bring others also with you ? " asked Cyrus. " Yes, by Zeus," he answered with an oath, " to such an extent that I shall make you also glad to look at me." 24. Cyaxare* ^'r^uss proposal Then, as he had his commission from Cyaxares 321 i. It. 27-'/8 XENOPHON rd T€ aXXa 7Tpo6vfio)(; d'jrrj'y^eKXe roi IlpdTTovTO<{ Be Tov 1. Kvpov ravra Oeiwi di^LKvovvTUi diTO 'TpKavLcov dyyeXoi. vioi ofiopoi fMev Tcov ol he 'Aaavpicov elaiv, ttw? 'Tpxd- edvo'i 8' ov Kal vTTtjKooi rjauv TCOV ^AaaupLcov eviTTTTOi ^ Be KuX t6t€ iBoKovv elvai /cat vvv cti BoKOvaiv Bio Kal i'^pcovro avTOi TToXv, Bio <^eiB6p,evoi avroiv Br) &>9 y^iXiov^ Beivov ovr iv irovoi^ ovt ev KivBvvoi Kal Tore oTriaOocfjvXaKeiv CKeXevov avrov Kal eiT}, linTea 6vTa eKeivoo irpo ottco? Be 'TpKdvioi, are /ji€XXovT€ ti el avrwv tovt OTricrdev e^oiev. 2. ol varaTOi tropeveaOai, Ta9 d^d^a<; t^9 eavTcbv Kal Toix; ot/ceTa? vardrovi elxov- arparevovTai yap Br) ol Kara TTjv ^Aalav e)(ovre^ ol ttoXXoI fied^ &v7rep Kal Kal Tore Br) iarpaTevovro ovt(o<; ol oIkovctl' Kal 'TpKavioi. 3. ^Evvor)6€VTe ^Aaavpiwv Kal avTMV, on rjTTrjfjievoi vvv S' Tedvair) eiev, p,ev (f)6^o S' 6 rwv ap-^eov eveir) t& arparevfJ-aTi, ol Be av[xixa')(pi avrwv ft)9 d0v/j,Qj 322 fSiirvot Fischer, Edd.; i MSS. {on horteback). CYROPAEDIA, IV. i. 24-ii. 3 he not only gave his message to the Medeswith enthusiasm, but he added that, for his part, he himself would never leave the noblest and best of men, and what was more than all, a man descended from the also, gods. II While Cyrus was thus occupied, messengers The from the Hyrcanians. Now HyTcanians the Hyrcanians are neighbours of the Assyrians they are not a large nation and for that reason they also were subjects of the Assyrians. Even then they had a reputation for being good horsemen, and they have that reputation still. For this reason the Assyrians used to employ them as the Spartans do the Sciritae, sparing them neither in hardships nor in dangers. And on that particular occasion they were ordered to bring up the rear (they were cavalrymen about a thousand strong), in order that, if any danger should threaten from behind, they might have to bear the brunt of it instead of the Assyrians. 2. But as the Hyrcanians were to march in the very rear, they had their wagons also and their families in the rear. For, as we know, most of the Asiatic peoples take the field accomj>anied by their entire households. So in this particular campaign, the Hyrcanians had taken the field thus attended. 3. But as they reflected how they were being treated by the Assyrians, that the Assyrian monarch was now slain and the army defeated, that there was great panic throughout the ranks, and that the allies were discouraged and deserting as Uiey thought 1 . came as if providentially ; ; — 323 XENOPHON ^ev avTol ayyeXov; 7r/309 K.vpov airo 'yap r7] tt/Oo? tovtoi^ StyyovvTO to, t(ov TroXeficayv €^01, iiraipeLV ^ovXo/nevoi fidXttTTa arpareve- ft)9 adai avrov. 5. dv, Kat €(f)r], K.vpo en eTT'^pero avrov^, rjp,d<; T0?9 epvp^acriv elvai; Kal SoKelre KaraXa^elv avrov'i rjp£t<; p,ev ydp, irplv ec^rj, iv p,dXa Tovro rjyovpeOa elvat oti eXaOov r/fidf; ravra Se eXeye ^ovX6pevo<; avrov d7ro8pdvT€<;. p^eyiarov (ppoveiv iirl (n^iatv. 01 he dneKpivavTo ore koI avpiov, ecodev el ev^wvot, iropevotvro, KaraX'^yjroivTO- virb ydp rov o^Xov Kal rwv ap^a^cov cT')(oXf] rropevecrdai avrov 6. dypv'iTvrj(Tavre vvv pLiKpbv irpoeX66vTe ^ iarpa- roTreSevvrai. 7. Kat TTiarov ri 6 Kr)po9 € mv SiSdcKeiv (09 dXrjOevere; XcYcre T)fid<; OjJLrjpovf; 7', €(jiaaav,iOeXo/jLev dyayelv avriKa eXdaavre^ Kal ait r]plv irLard deSiv [7re7rot77o-o] ^ Kal St^idv 86<;, Lva (f>epQ)p^v Kal T049 dXXoi vvKro'i p,6vov npoeKOSyres Zeune, Edd, ; trpoffe\d6vTfs z ; iropevdfVTes xy. Cobet, Breitenbach ; vevoir] • [iTfiroi-ncro] 324 I CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 3-7 over these conditions^ they decided that now was a good opf)ortunity to revolt, if Cyrus and his followers would join them in an attack. So they sent envoys They e«nd ^ to Cyrus for in consequence of the battle his name cyl^* had been very greatly magnified. 4. And those who were sent told Cyrus that they had good reason to hate the Assyrians and that now, if he would proceed against them, they would be his allies and his guides as well. And at the same time they also gave him an account of the enemy's plight, for they wished above all things to incite him to push the campaign. 5. ''Do you really think,"C\T:us enquired, "that we could still overtake them before they reach their strongholds For we," he added, " consider it hard luck that they have run away from us when we were not watching." Now he said this to make them think as highly as possible of his troops. 6. They answered that if Cyrus and his army They report would start out at daybreak in light marching order, w'iihin^^^ he would come up with them the next day for striking ** because their numbers were so vast and so encumbered with baggage, the enemy were marching ; .'' : " And besides," they said, " as they had no sleep last night, they have gone ahead only a little way and are now encamped." 7. "Have you, then, any surety to give us," Cyrus " asked, "to prove that what you say is true ? "Yes," they answered, "we are ready to ride away and bring you hostages this very night. Only do you also give us assurance in the name of the gods and give us your right hand, that we may give to the rest of our people, too, the same assurance that we receive from you." slowly. CJ25 XENOPHON 8. 'Eac tovtov TTiara SiSwaiv avroi<; to, iav ifiireZoiaaxTiv a Xiyovcnv, avTOi^, (TTOt^ 'X^pTjaea-Oat q)<; ft)9 /iijTe Hepa-cov koI vvv eavrSt. M.'^Bcov [xelov e'X^eiv irap' ^ firjv, koX (f>i\oi tti- fiijre ecrriv koI 7rc STL ISeiv "TpKavLov e)(^0VTa av SoKMcriv a^ioi ETret 9. (jidovi 6Vto9, \ev(T€v, eiKo^, elvai, S' iSeiTrvrjo-av, Kal djxa 'iva ol fiev I'oiev. i^rjaav, irdvre^ e^yjye to a-Tpdrevfia avTOv arpuTevfia' 10. Kal tmv Srj Uipcrai, axrirep Tiypavrj^ 8e MijSoov €')(a)v to i^aav^ ol 8ia TO TraiBl qvtl ILvpm TratSe? ovtg^ fiev •yevicrdai, ol en Tov 8ia to Se iv drjpai^ iXoi dyaaOr]vat avTOV tov Tpoirov, ol Se 8ia to koi X'dpi'V elhevai pAyav otl avTol<; (po^ov direXrfKaKe- vai iSoKei, ol 8e Kal e'XTrtSa? €X0VT€ai,V€cr6ac dyaObv Kal evTV^V Kal fieyav €ti tV%up(o ecrea-Oai Sot9, et Ti avTOV, ol dyadov rw Be, otc eTp€€TO iv M?;- eirpa^ev, avTixcLpl^eadai 7roXXoi<; 8e TroXXd 8ia ^iXavd pwiriav e^ovXovTO' iroXXol 'iTapd TOV irdTTirov dyadd BLeireirpaKTO' 8\ eTret Kal Toif^i "TpKaviov Kal TOV Xa^elv ti eveKa. 11. Oi/TO) 8r) e^rjXOov cr^eSoi/ diravTa Kal ol yirjBoL TrXr}v oa-oi ' i^Tiaav Kva^dprj 6TV)(pv aK-qvovv- Hug, Breitenbach, Marchant, Gemoll MSS./Dindorf, 326 crvv et al. ; f{w ^aav CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 8-11 Thereupon he gave them his solemn promise they should make good their statements, he would treat them as his true friends, so that they should count for no less in his esteem than the Persians or the Medes. And even to this day one 8. that, if may see the Hyrcanians holding positions of trust and authority, just like those of the Persians and Medes who are thought to be deserving. 9. When they had dined, he led out his army The while it was still daylight, and he bade thel°)'^l;^" Hyrcanians wait for him that they might go Cyrus together. Now the Persians, as was to be expected, came out to a man to go with him, and Tigranes came with his army 10. while of the Medes some came out because as boys they had been friends of Cyrus when he was a boy, others because they hked his ways when they had been with him on the chase, others because they were grateful to him for freeing them, as they thought, from great impending danger, and still others because they cherished the hope that as he seemed to be a man of ability he would one day be exceedingly successful and exceedingly great besides; others wished to requite him for some service he had done for them while he was growing up in Media many, too, owed to his kindness of heart many a favour at the hands of his grandfather and many, when they saw the Hyrcanians and when the report spread that these would lead them to rich plunder, came out (apart from otiier motives) for the sake of getting some gain. 11. The result was that almost all came out-—even the Medes, except those who happened to be feasting in the same tent with Cyaxares these and ; ; ; ; 327 XENOPHON T€<;' ovroi 5e Karefievov koI ol tovtcdv vttijkooi. aXkot irdvre^ ^at8p& ev€Ka e^iovre^. ')(apLro 12. 'ETrel S' efft) rjaav, irpwrov fikv 7rpo<; roiit re avTOv<; xal iirr^u^aTO rXe&)9 '^yelcrBai koI BvvaaOijvat ^a/otr (T(f)L(Tiv, eireira Se xal avTo fMoXicrra Kat 6eov<; fiev o? rjpcoTcov, Toy? ofirjpovi eft) rd iriard Trap Kal Tov OTi aiiTot Tt 84; ovk dva/j,ev€i<;} € r^fioiv iropevrj; dTTOKpivacrOai Xeyerai, ^Evvoco ydp, e^opiev rd iriaTa iv Tal<; rjpeTepai ovtco ydp A^v^at? icaX Tal<; 'qperepai'^ 'xepa-iv. SoKovpev TTapecTKevdadai, co? rjv p,ev dXrjOevrjTe, rjv he e^airaTdre, iKavol elvav r]pd vfitv ecre- dXXd pdXXov, rjv ol deol OeXuxriv, vpd<; e vp,erepoc ^ ^ elaiv, 'iva €iBcope0a avroyv. MSS. Dindorf, avafuvets Dindorf, later Edd.; avajxivtis , Sauppe. Dindorf, later Edd.; "^ (TTj^'^i'aTf ^ ifiirtpot Brodaeiis, 328 Edd. ; (TTj/uaffre ^/ttrepoi MSS. z ; (rrnicdfert xy. CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 11-13 remained behind. But all the rest hastened out cheerily and enthusiastically, for they came not from compulsion but of their own free will their subordinates and out of gratitude. 12. first And when they were to the gods above Medes and all out of the camp, he went HeassiKM them and prayed tlie them and his that he himself might praised things graciously to lead own men, and he prayed also be enabled to reward them for this zeal of theirs. In concluding, he stated that the infantry should go first, and he ordered the Medes to follow with their And wherever they were to rest or halt from their march, he enjoined it upon them that some of their number should always come to him, that they might know the need of the hour. 13. Then he ordered the Hyrcanians to lead the way. "What " they exclaimed, " are you not going to wait until we bring the hostages, that you also may have a guarantee of our good faith before you " proceed ? "No," he is said to have answered; "for I consider that we have the guarantee in our own For it is with these, I think, that hearts and hands. we are in a position to do you a service, if you speak the truth ; but if you are trying to deceive us, we think that, as things are, we shall not be in your power, but rather, if the gods ^vill, you shall be in ours. And hark you, men of Hyrcania," said he, "as you say that your people are bringing up the enemy's rear, inform us, as soon as you see them, that they are yours, that we may do them no harm." cavalry. ! 329 ofliClrching XENOPHON 14. AKOvaavr€ dWa dirovTcov. 1 5. Uopevofievwv B^ ivel vv^ iireyiveTO, XeycTui J^vpa Kot To5 crrparevixajL e/c tov ovpavov T(p 7rpo(f>ave<; yevecrOai, ware iraai fxev (f)pLKT]v i rn deiov, 6dppo re yap vcrrdrov<; elvat, yiyvdxTKew e<paaav Kal T(p TrXrjdei, tmv irvptav. 17. €k tovtov irefiTrec tov erepov avTwv 7rpb<; avTov^, irpoard^a'i Xeyecv, el elcrlv, tw? TavtcrTa viravTav Td ¥ivp 7rpo<; "TpKaviov Tfc w S' eaKoirei tou? 'tpKaviovt o Kv/so? TTOiijaovaiv, eTrea-Tijce id (TTpaTeu/ui' Xavvovcri Be 7rpo9 avrov ol ^ in xy, Dindorf Gemoll Marcliant. , 2 Tiya Zeune, Edd. ; riviis ; rmv ^ijBmv omitted in MSS. z, irape- irpoearT}- Hug, Breitenbach, CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 14-18 14. When the Hyrcanians heard this, they led the way, as he ordered. They wondered at his magnanimity and they no longer had any fear of ; either the Assyrians or the Lydians or their allies, hut they feared only lest he should think that it was not of the slightest moment whether they joined him or not. As they proceeded, night came on, and it is Become* heaven shone forth upon Cyrus HyrSuiians and his army, so that they were all filled with awe at the miracle but with courage to meet the enemy. And as they were proceeding in light marching order with all dispatch, they naturally covered a great distance, and in the morning twilight they drew 15. said that a light fix)m 16. And when near to the army of the Hyrcanians. the messengers recognized the fact, they reported to Cyrus that these were their own people for they said that they recognized them both by the fact that they were in the rear and by the number of their fires. 17. Upon hearing this report he sent one of the two messengers to them with orders to say that if they were friends, they should come to meet him with And he sent along also one their right hands raised. of his own men and ordered him to tell the Hyrcanians that he and his army would govern their conduct according to the way in which they should And thus it came to see the HjTcanians behave. pass that one of the messengers remained with Cjttis, while the other rode away to the Hyrcanians. 18. While Cyrus was watching to see what the Hyrcanians were going to do, he halted his army. And Tigranes and the officers of the Medes rode up ; 331 XENOPHON Kcu KOTe Tiypdvr]<; koI eirepwraxn ri Bel iroteZv. Xiyet 8e avToi<> tout ore eart ro Trkrjaiov "TpKavioiv ffTpdrevfia kov ol'^erai o erepo^ rSiv dyyiXcov 7rpo<; avTov<; Koi t(ov rjjjbeTepwv rif avv avT^, ipovvTe^i, el ^[\oi eiaiv, vTravrid^eiv rd<; dvaTeivavTa Se^ia? rjv fiev ovv ovrco he^iovade re avrov TTOiaKTi, /cat yeiv rovroov, e'irL')(ei,po3cn, €vOv €(f>r], Bel Trpcoreov TrecpaaOai firjheva Xnrelv. 19. 'O fievToiavTaTrapijyyeiT^v. ol Se'TpKdvioi dKOV(TavTev dyyiXcov r^aOrjadv re koL dvairriBrjcravre^ irrrl tou? tTnrovi iraprjcrav ra? he^id 'Tp/cdvioi, ')(^pr) irpb^ rov r]ixiv 7]hij ripbd<; vfiiv TTiarevofiev' ovrax; e^eiv. etirare rovro /cat vfid<; he rrpwrrocrov direx^t evOevhe evda ai S*, e(f)r], rcov rrroXe/uLcov /cat rb dOpoov avrmv. direKpCpavro ore o\iya> rrXiov rj Trapa- dp')(^al el(TL 0/ S' <jdyy7]v. 21. ft) ^EvravOa Sr) \eyec 6 KOoo?, "Ayere 8'^, €(f>r), ufxel<;, dv8pe<; Tlepaai /cat Mrjhoc Kac 7]hr] yap Kol 7rpo<; v/J,d<; eo? 7rpo9 /cat hiaXiyofiai, ev ^PV ^ISevai, vvv on ev roiovrw ea/xev evOa 8t) /jbaXaKiad/jievoi fiev Trdvroiv Koivo)vov<; icraai yap ol dv rS)v 'xaXe7r(ordro)v rv'x^oip^v rjv 8e ro Kaprepov ep^aecf)' a rjKOfiev TToXe/nLOi Xofievot "(Ofiev pcofJ^H teal 0vp,u) eirl rov<; iroXeixiov;, avriKa fidX^ oyfreaOe coaTrep 8ovXcov aTroBihpaaKov- 332 CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 18-21 him and asked what they should do. And he said them " Wliat you see there not far away is the Hyrcanian army and one of their envoys has gone to them, and one of our men with him, to tell them all, if they are our friends, to come to meet us with Now, if they do so, give their right hands upraised. to them the right hand of fellowship, each of you to the man opposite himself, and at the same time bid them welcome. But if they raise a weapon or attempt to run away, we must lose no time in trying to to : ; not to leave a single one of these Such were his commands. 19. first alive." And the Hyrcanians They all were delighted when they heard the report of the [rm^^' envoys, and leaping upon their horses they came at once with right hands upraised, as directed, and the Medes and Persians gave the right hand of fellowship and bade them welcome. 20. "Men of Hyrcania," Cyrus said presently, *'we and you also ought to trust you now, as you see But tell us first how feel the same way toward us. far it is from here to the headquai-ters of the enemy and the main body of their army." " Not much more than a parasang," they ; answered. 21. cried ; " Come on, then, Persians and Medes," Cyrus " and you Hyrcanians for now I speak with — you also as confederates and allies — ^you must know are in a position where we shall meet with nothing but disaster if we betray a lack of courage ; that we for the enemy know what we have come for. But if Cyrus into the attack upon the enemy with might puns'f'r and main and with stout hearts, you will see right soon » secoud that, just like a lot of slaves caught in an attempt to we go run away, some of them will beg for mercy, others 333 XENOPHON T(ov rjvprjfievtov tou? fiev iKerevovTa^ avrSiv, Tovf 8' oi/Se ravra ^poveiv hvvafxere yap oyfrovrac rjfid 8e TjTTrjfievoi dWa 7rpo rSiV TroXefitoov, Trap" KaTaXiTrere eKaaroi rd^iv iirirecov, f/, dv Ti Serj, ')^p(ofiai fievcov irapd ro crTparoTrehov. 24. vfioiv he ol fiev dpxovTe<; Kal ol irpeajBvTepoL ev rd^ei ddpooL iXavvere, el aoxppoveiTe, iva firjiroTe ddp6(p Tivl evTV')(pvTe'; diro^tacrOrjTe, tou? he vecoovtol he Kacvovrcov tovto Tepov^ eXa')(iaTOVf; rS>v i/xol fiev TToXefiicov Xiirelv. e<^' 'Hy h TroWot? Srj Kpa(f)vXd^acrOai hel to dpTrayr)v TpaireadaL' co? o tovto ttoimv ovkct 25. Tovai he vLK&fiev, rrjv rv'yy^v €r], dverpeyjre, eaTiv, dXXd aKevo(f>6po^' Kal efecrrt tw ^ovXofievo) ')(^prja6ai ^hr) tovto) d)<; dvhpairohw. 26. 'EAretvo he XPV yvcbvai OTi ovhev eari KephaXecoTepov tov viKav 6 yap KpaTcov dfia irdvTa avvrjpiraKe, Kal tov? dvhpa 334 CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 21-26 will try to escape, others still will not even have For they will see us presence of mind to do either. before they have recovered from their first defeat, and they will find themselves caught neither thinking of our coming, nor drawn up in line, nor prep>ared to fight. 22. If, therefore, we wish from this time forth to eat well, to sleep soimdly, and to live comfortably, let us not give them time either to take counsel or to provide any defence for themselves, or even to recognize at all that we are human beings ; but let them think that nothing but shields, swords, bills, and blows have descended up>on them. 23. "And you, Hyrcanians," said he, "spread yourselves out in the van and march before us, in order that only your arms may be seen and that our presence here may be concealed as long as possible. And when I come up >\ith the enemy's army, then leave wth me, each of you, a division of cavalry for me to use while I remain near their camp. 24. But you, oflBcers and men of years, march together in close order, if you are wise, so that if you fall in with any eomf>act body you may never be forced back and leave the pursuit to the younger men, and let them kill all they can for this is the safest measure to leave now as few of the enemy alive as possible. 25. "And if we win the battle," he continued. How to " we must be on our guard against an error which the^wuiu of Tictoiy has lost the day for many in the hour of victory turning aside to plunder. For the man who does this is no longer a soldier but a camp-follower ; and any one who will is free to treat him as a slave. 26. " You should realize this also, that nothing is more enriching than victory. For the victor has swept together all the spoil at once, the men and ; ; — — 3SS XENOPHON yirifacKa^; TTyoo? xal to, ')(^pt]fiara Tuvra touto Biaaco^co/ieOa' yap iav dpird^fov ex^rai. ijLvrjade, riKeiv TavT 27. eKd(TTOv KpaTrjdfj, vIktjv Tr]v kuI avro 6 fii- ert (f)dov<; ovTO a)9 co? e'/ie ovBeva eliroiv Kal ttjv )((i)pav. Kal tovto ap,a SicoKOVTa ttoXlv cTKoTovi; yevojjAvov koI irda-av fiovov opare 07r&)9 en irpoa-Be^ofieda. dTreTrefiirev ixeXevev dfia elt to.? rd^ei Tropevofievovf Tol eKaarov heKahdp')(pL TOV 8k tTTTTea? eKaripcodev, (acnrep eiKO'i, irap- era^e. 28. Teoi* Be TroXefucov, eirel ^ci>9 iyevero, ol p,ev idavfia^ov ol ol to, opco/xeva,^ ol 8' iytyvcoaKov fjBi], TjyyeWov, ol 8' i^ocov, ol S' eXvov ittttov'}, Be avveaKevd^ovro, ol 8' eppiiTTOVv ra 6ir\a 8' diro T(ov viro^vyiwv, ol 8' wtirXii^ovTo, aveTT'^Boov eirl rov ol B' e')(a\ivovv, ol Be yvvaiKw; dve^i^a^ov eirl to. o^Vf^aTa, ol Be d^ia eXd/n^avov (09 Biaaaxrofievoi, Be Karopvrrovre<} ra roiaura rfkia-Kovro, ol Be TcL^ ra ol TrSjciarov aipfKov oteaQat Be Bel Kal iravroBaira iroieiv avrov et9 dXXa TToXXd ^ dpdfxfya xy, 336 re Kal most Edd. ; Spiifitva z, Dindorf (the doinga). CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 26-29 women, the wealth and all the lands. Therefore have an eye to this alone that we may conserve our victory for even the plunderer himself is in the enemy's power if he is conquered. And remember even in the heat of pursuit to come back to me while for after nightfall we shall not it is yet daylight admit another man." the — ; ; 27. When he had said this he sent them away to their several companies -with orders to issue, as they marched, the same directions each to his own corporals (for the corporals were in the front so as to hear) and they were to bid the corp>orals each one to announce it to his squad. Then the Hyrcanians led the way while he himself with his Persians occupied the centre as they marched. The cavalry he arranged, as was natural, on either flank. 28. And when daylight came, some of the enemy The panic wondered at what they saw, some realized at once ^'^u***' what it meant, some began to spread the news, army some to cry out, some proceeded to untie the horses, some to pack up, others to toss the armour off the pack-animals, others to arm themselves, while their horses, some bridling still some were leaping upon them, others helping the women into the wagons, and others were snatching up their most valuable possessions to save them still others were caught in the act of burying theirs, while the most of them sought refuge in precipitate flight. We may imagine that tliey were doing many other things also all sorts of other things except that no one offered to resist, but they perished without striking a blow. 29. As it was summer, Croesus, the king of Lydia, ; — — 337 XENOPHON ra? T€ yvvai/ca^ ev Tat9 dpfia/iid^ai^ irpoaiTrf]<; vvKr6 eTrefiyjraro KardkafifiavovTbiv avrovf;, Trvdo/xevot to yiyvoKal avTol dvd Kpdro^;. /jLevov € 31. Tov 8e TMv K.aTnraSoK(t)p ^acriXia xal tov TMV ^Apa^icov ert €771)9 6vTa vdiTaTa Trpof 32. 6t/co9 Ot ttjv iropeiav el'^^ov. Br} Mt^Soi Kal 'TpKdi'ioi, ola KpaTOvvTa fiev Be K.vpo<; tou9 Trap' eavTW Srj 6 linTea'i KaTa\ei(f}OevTa TrepteXavveiv eKcXeve to cTTpaTOTreBov, Kal el Tiva<; avv oirXot^ XBoiev i^i6vTa<;, KaTaKaiveiv rol'} S" eKrjpv^ev, oiroaoi t&v TroXepttov viTOfievovaiv (TTpaTtcoT&v Tjaav iTnrei^ t) 7re\Taepetv Ta oirXa avvBeBep,€va, Tov Be avTiKa KOTTiBa'i OTaaavP" T779 Ke(f)aXr]<; Trpox^i'Povf; a-Tepyjaea-dai' e')(pvTe 33. ol fiev Bt) Ta oirXa e)(pvTe^ TTTOVv, dTro(f)€povTe Kal TavTa pev 'O 34. * Be ol eireTa^ev ckuov. ivevorja-ev oti K-vpa Kparovvras Castalio, Edd. * ntpiiffra.aav Fiflcber, 33« Edd. oirot. ^Xdov Kparovvrts ; ; Ta9 ev Td^ei irepie- p.ev MSS. MSS. wepilffraaa}' eppi- eKeXeve- ovtc CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 29-34 had had his women sent on by night in cai-riages, that they might proceed more comfortably in the cool of the night, and he himself was following after with his cavalry. 30. And the Phrygian king, the ruler of Phrygia on the Hellespont, they say, did the same. And when they saw the fugitives who were overtaking them, they enquired of them what was happening, and then they also took to flight as fast as they could go. 31. But the king of Capjsadocia and the Arabian king, as they were still near by and stood their ground though unarmed, were cut down by the Hyrcanians. But the majority of the slain were Assyrians and Arabians. For as these were in their o\vn country, they were very leisurely about getting away. 32. Now the Medes and Hyrcanians, as they pur- How the sued, committed such acts as men might be expected ^^'j^avLi to commit in the hour of victory. But Cyrus ordered the horsemen who had been left with him to ride around the camp and to kill any that they saw coming out under arms while to those who remained inside he issued a proclamation that as many of the ; enemy's soldiers as were cavalrymen or targeteers or bowmen should bring out their weapons tied in bundles and deliver them up, but should leave their horses at their tents. Whoever failed to do so should soon lose his head. Now Cyrus's in line around them, sabre in hand. men stood 33. Accordingly, who had the weapons carried them to one where he directed, and threw them down, and men whom he had appointed for the purf)ose burned those place, them. 34. Now Cyrus recollected that they had come 339 XENOPHON aiTU ovre rrora e^oi^re?, dvev Se tovtcov ovre (TrpaTeveadai Bvvarbv ovt dWo irotelv ovBev. aKOTTtov S' 07rco otw kuI elvai rtva T€vo/j,€Voi<; TOvrov vvv KareCkrj<^dai eKijpv^e e'XJ^iv TTavTa?* el hid rjv to /xj; tw dfil irapeivai, 8r) Be irov koX aTparico- Toi 35. koX tolvvv eypta oti elaiova-iv earai. Tai aKrjvi]<; p,eKr)aei irapea Kevaafjueva 07r&)9 TaTTiTTjBeia (TTpaTOfreSo) avaKevaalav Tov iTrirpoTrovi top irpea- eirirpoiro'i, eiT] ^VTUTOV diro (TKr)vfj';' rw he direidovvTt iravra opcovra kuI tou? rd yaXeird dvelirev. ol he iiret he hecr7r6ra Trpoorov avTCOv oaoL^ (TKrjvfj rdinrrjheLa. icrrl eKeXevev avOiii TrdvT6 e/ceXeue /j.ev irXeov he 36. eireX '6aoi, /xrjvo^ iv rovrov^ rfj eJhev, rjv iv Tovrat a-^^ehov 37. iirel he iKaOii^ovTo. KaOi^eaOai hvoiv firjvolv rj ravra e/xadev, etTrev «55e avrol^' "Ayeri vvv} Kaxd €(f)7], w dvhp€<;, oi rive^; vp,5iv rd fxaXaKov he rivo^ Trap rjp.(av fiovKoiaO^ dv rvyydveiv, i'ni,p,eKr)d'r]re 'irpo6viJiw * fiiaelre, 'AT'tTe vuv Edd. ; iyfre vvv Z ; &y(Tf rolvuv xD. ( CYROPAEDIA, IV. 34-37 ii. with neither food nor drink, and without these it was not possible to prosecute a campaign or to do anything else. And as he was considering how to Cynii procure the best possible supplies with the greatest hig com^* possible dispatch, it occurred to him that all those missariat who take the field must have some one to take care of the tent and to have food prepared for the soldiers when they came in. 35. So he concluded that of all people these were the ones most likely to ha\ e been caught in the camp, because they would have been busy packing up. Accordingly, he issued a proclamation for all the commissaries to come to him but if a commissary officer should be lacking anywhere, the oldest man from that tent should come. And to any one who should dare to disobey he threatened direst punishment. But when they saw their masters obeying, they also obeyed at once. And when they had come, he first ordered those of them to sit down who had more than two months' supply of provisions in their tents. 36. And when he had noted them, he gave the same order to those who had one month's supply. Hereupon nearly all sat down. 37. And when he had this information he addressed them as follows "Now then, my men," said he, "if any of you have a dislike for trouble and wish that you might receive kind treatment at our hands, be sure to see to it that there be twice as much food and drink prepared in each tent as you used to get ready every day for your masters and their servants and get everything else ready that belongs to a good meal ; for whichever side is victorious, they will very soon be here and they wiU expect to find plenty of every ; ; 341 XENOPHON ev ovv tare on crv/x(f)epoL av v/xlv hex^crOai tov^ dv8pa<;. raTTi.T'^Seia. a/MefjbirTQ)^ 38. TO, Ot fi€V Brj ravT aKovcravT€<; TToWf) tnrovhfi eirpaTTOv 6 Se crvjKa\eaa 'irapr}'y TOi'9 on vvv 'i^ecrnv rjfuv rrpoT€poi<; dpicrrov rv^^eip koX rol<; fidXi(TTa i(T7rovBaafjLevoL<; crlroi^ Kal 7roToc Twv p,€V airovrcov ^ (TUfip,d')(^a>v ytteXe?? (^avTjvat, ovS* av avTrj oaov Tepov r) el evco^^ia la-)(ypo- Bwaipbeda TrpoOvpx)V Tov 39. el 8e t(ov vvvl Blwkovtcov Kol KaTaKaivovToiV TOI'9 rjperepovf; Kal fiaxop'€vcov, €c tl<; ivavTiovTai, TOVTCOV So^ofieu ovTQ)<; dfieXetv oxttc kuI Trplv elSevat ttw? irpdTTOvaiv ^picrTTjKOTe^ (palveadai, TToXefiLovf; OTTCi)? fiT) ecroixeOa alaxpol fiev avp,fid'Xoov (f)avovfi6da, diropovvTe'i. KLvBvvevovTOiV Kal TTOVOVVTCOV elai6vTe rdiriT'^Beia TrXeiO) e^ovcTiv, ev(f>pdveiev, co? 3' da-devei^; to t&v he eTTi/jteXrjdijvai ottco^ avTrj eyd) av rjfia,<; (f)r}fii, rj r] to 40. ivvorjirapa'XPVM'Ci ttj jacTTpl ;)^a/9t(rao-^at. craTe 8', €7], cb? el fMrjS' eK€Lvov<; ala-^WTeov rjv, vvv irpoa'qKei ovTe 7rXr]crfjL0vr]<; vco ov yap ttw Stair eirpaKTai r)puv a ^ovXofJbeda, dXX* av to, TrdvTa vvv aK/xa^ei e7rc-< e^op-ev yap ev t&) aTpaToireh^ /ji€Xela ovTe ft)? r}ijZv fiedr}^;' 1 yiyvdxTKta fifv an otherwise unknown MS. of Valckenaea by Dindorf), Breitenbach, Gemoll ; yiyvdvKofif* (cited as xyz, Marchant. O .U2 CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 37-40 Let me assure you, then, that it would be to your advantage to entertain those men handsomely." 38. When they heard this, they proceeded with great alacrity to carry out his directions, w-hile he called together his captains and spoke as follows "I Cynw sort of provisions. : now to take Persians to are away, and to »«u-denial realize, friends, that it is possible for us first, while our comrades enjoy the choicest food and drink. But I do not think that it would be of more advantage to us to luncheon eat this luncheon than it thoughtful for our comrades would to show ourselves neither do I think that ; would add as much to our strength as we should gain if we could make our allies devoted to us. 39. But if we show ourselves to be so neglectful of them that we are found to have broken our fast even before we know how they are faring, while they are pursuing and slaying our enemies and fighting any one that opposes them, let us beware lest we be disgraced in their eyes and lest we find ourselves crippled by the loss of our allies. If, on the other this feasting hand, we take care that those who are bearing the danger and the toil shall have what they need when they come back, a banquet of this sort would, in my opinion, give us more pleasure than any immediate gratification of our appetites. 40. And remember," said he, "that even if we were under no obligation to show them every consideration, even so it is not proper for us as yet to sate ourselves with food or drink for not yet have we accomplished what we wish, but, on the contrary, everything is now at a crisis and requires care. For we have enemies in camp many times our own number, and that, too. ; 343 sideration °^ *'*^'" XENOPHON TovTov^ XeXvfiivov;' ov Kal (jivXajTeardai en a)(Ti Kal ol Trottj- Trpo -qfiiv en Tainrrjheia- (ppovrlSa airetai, ol S' Trape'^ovra oirov linrei'i -qfiiv elar kclv ^ eXdaxTiv, el Trapafievovaiv. 41. "no-r', alrov rifid<; dv oTToiov TO 7r/9o (!) di^p6 vvv tolovtov BoKet fioi Trpoa^epecrOai Seiv Kol rotovTov ttotov Til? fi'^re oteraL fxdXtara virvov jujre elvai d(f)poavvr)<; e/i7rt/x- TrXaaOai. 42, "FiTi iroWd 8e Kai y^pripara (TrpaTOirehw, wv ovk dyvoco on iariv ev Svvarov tw rj/xiv Koivoiv 6vT(ov Toliaa ciXV ov fx,oi SoKec rb Xa^elv rov hiKaiov^ (^aivopAvovq €K€Lvoi dv ^ov\(t)/j,€0a' KepSaXeooTepov Kal elvai Tc p^iov riplv SdaoiVTat, KepBo rfv ri<^eX<j6ai,' Bid r^dp rd KepBrj ijBtov rjpZv Trapafievovai, fiev ydp vvv trXeoveKTrjcrai oXiyoxpoviov 44. to dv rjplv Tov ttXovtov Trapao-^of ro Be ram a 7rpoep,evov^ CKeiva KTrjcraadat, oOev 6 7rXovro<; (pverai, tovto, o)? eyoi BoKoJ, oX^ov Kal rrdcTi 45. Olpac 8', devacorepov -qpuv Bvvair dv rov rol Kal oXkoi rjfid^ rovrov evcKa d 344 iirov xD, most Edd. ; wov AH, Dindorf, Hug. i CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 40-45 under no confinement. We uot only must keep watch against them but we must keep watch over them, so that we may have people to look after our Besides, our cavalry are gone, making us anxious to know where they are and whether they will stay with us if they do come back. 41. "And so, my men," said he, "it seems to me that we should take only such meat and such drink as one would suppose to be least likely to overcome us with sleep and foolishness. 42. " Besides, there is also a vast amount of treasure in the camp, and I am not ignorant of tlie fact that it is possible for us to appropriate to ourselves as much of it as we please, though it belongs just as much to those who helped us to get it. But I do not think it would bring us greater gain to take it than it would to show that we mean to be fair and square, and by such dealing to secure greater affection provisions. from them than we have already. 43. And so it seems best to me to entrust the division of the treasure to the Medes and Hyrcanians and Tigranes when they come and if they apportion to us the smaller share, I think we should account it our gain for because of what they gain, they will be the more glad to stay with us. 44. For to secure a present advantage would give us but short-lived But to sacrifice this and obtain the source riches. from which real wealth flows, that, as I see it, could put us and all of ours in possession of a perennial ; ; fountain of wealth. 45. *' And if I am not mistaken, we used to train ourselves at home, too, to control our appetites and to abstain from unseasonable gain with this in view, that, 345 XENOPHON aKaipcov, ei 'iv , ttotc ovx opw. 'O fiev 46. "Tcrrdcnra^; ovTO)(; dvrjp avTol<; av iv fiel^ocri rwv av ttjv iratSeiav iyoo S" vvv irapovTcov eirihei^aifieB' fiev 8uvaLfie0a Seoi, ttov 'X^pP](T6ar (rvfjL (TweliTe elire. twv JIipa-r)<; S' 6p,0TL/iia>v avTW ooBe' Aeivov yap rav etrj, o) Kvpe, el iv dripa fiev TToWaKif; dcTLToi Kaprepovfiev, 07ra)9 Orjpiov ri v7ro')(eLpiov ironjawfieOa KaX fxaXa p,iKpov laax; a^iov 6\^ov Be o\ov Trecpcofievot Orjpdv el ifiiroScov Tt TTotrjaaifieda yeveadai rj/niv d rwv p-ev KaKWV dvdp(07rcov dp')(ei, Tot<; S' dyadoi ovK dv irpeTTovra r)pZv hoKovfiev ^ iroieiv. 47. 'O fiev ovv T(rTd(r7ra dWoL "Aye irdvref; ravTa crvvrjvovv. hrj, e(f)r}, iTreiSr} \6^ov 5' o he }^vpo op^ovoovfiev ravra, irifiyfraTe dvSpa^ TOiv a-irovhaioov9 P'ev dv op&ai 7rop(TvvovTa rdroyv e/cacTTO? irevre ovroi Be 7repu6vTe<;, airorai. OvToi ravra p>ev Srj iTToiovv. Ill 1. TSiv Be y[r]B(ov 7rpo(op/jir]p,eva<; TTpOGrfKavvov fiecrrd^ ' ioKovfiev 346 tav ; hoKoitv W ; fcal Belrai Dindorf *, Marchant, dorf ', Breitenbach ^Br), rtve<; Kara\a^6vre<; Hug ; Se/cw/iec oi fxev dp,d^a<; dTroarpeyjravTe^) arparid, oi ioKoirjixiv CD. Bi zE^, Din4 i CYROPAEDIA, IV. ii. 45-iii. i occasion should ever demand it, we might be able employ our powers of self-control to our advantage. And I fail to see where we could give proof of our The training on a more important occasion than the ^jl*?^ put their present." 46. Thus he spoke ; and Hystaspas, one of the the prxwi Persian peers, supported him in the following speech " Why, yes, Cyrus ; on the chase we often hold out without a thing to eat, in order to get our hands on if to : some beast, perhaps one worth very little and it would be strange indeed now, when the quarry we ; are trying to secure is a world of wealth, if we should for a moment allow those passions to stand in our way which are bad men's masters but good men's servants. I think, if we did so, we should be doing what does not befit us." 47. Such was Hystasp>as's speech, and all the rest agreed with it. Then Cyrus said " Come then, since we are of one mind on this p>oint, send each of you five of the most reliable men from his platoon. Let them go about and praise all those whom they see preparing provisions and let them punish more unsparingly than if they were their masters tho:>e : ; whom they see neglectful." Accordingly, they set about doing sa III Now a part of the Medes were already bringing The cavalry the wagons which had been hurried forward and a^'Ju"^ which they had overtaken and turned back packed 1. in 347 XENOPHON KOI ap/jiafid^a^ yvvaiK&v tmv ^e\ri rmv /xev traWaKihwv Bia to koXKo^ crvfiTrepiayofievcov, ravra^ etXrjipoTe^ Trpo(rrjyov. 2. irdvTe^ yap en Kal vvv ol Kara ti]v Aaiav yin)al(ov, 8e zeal ^ (TTparevofievot e^ovT€<; revovrai, Ta \eyovT€<; ra irXeiarov d^ia orrpa- elvac Trpodv/jbQ)^ e'xei, t(ra)^ uXe^eiv. Kal 8e av fiaXkov fid'^oivr ore (f)i\TaTa Trapetrj' rovTOi yap taa) /xev avrd ttoiovo-iv el (f)aaiv avdyKTjv ovv ovt(o<; t^ r)hovrj )(^api^6fievoi. 3. 'O 8e KO/909 OecopoiV rd Mcnrep Ka\ 'TpKavicov Kal Toy? crvv avrw, aKfid^eiv T€ Kcu yap a Srj ol rjyov ev S" dpyorepa diry'fkavvov, dWov^' ravTa yap %<w/3a TrpocrKravTrop.eveiv. (ricnv /xeraSicoKovTeq e^aaav 6 KO/009 Brj eVt tovtoi<; ravra avveKdXeL he Kare'x^copc^e' "jrdXiv tov<; ^idpxov aeaOai rd ^ovkevopeva Xeyei rdSe' 0) dvhpe fieva, (f)t\,oi, el fieydXa 348 Trai/re? 4. ' fiiv ra- ukov- Oti p,€v, Karda-^oifiev rd vvv 7rpo(f>aivo- ptv yivoiTO, fxeyiara rerai, tov<; 'jrpoaTerd')^daL rwv dp^ovrcov. AaKvofievo'i 6fi(o aXkoL tovtov tov yjpbvov dirdyovTe^ Kal d'7rohetKvvvre rrrdXiv TTOielv inro ol fidWov eavroiv eSoKovv Kal avTol a-Qai Ti, el ^rjhwv epya avrov t6)v Karefiep^ero Kal S' av airacn dv etVoTO)? ol;xa(, yi/yi T[epaai dxTKOfiev dr/aOa Bi S)v Trpdrottco^ 8' av CYROPAEDIA, army needs IV. iii. 1-4 others were bringing conveyed the most high-born women, not only wedded wives but also concubines, who on account of their beauty had been brought along these also they captured and brought in. 2. For even unto this day all who go to war in Asia take with them to the field what they prize most highly for they say that they would do battle the more valiantly, if all that they hold dearest were there for these, they say, they must do their best but perhaps to protect. This may, perhaps, be true also they follow this custom for their own sensual full of what an ; in the carriages that ; ; ; ; gratification. 3. When Cyrus saw what the Medes and Hyrca- nians were doing, he poured reproach, as it were, upon himself and his men, because during this time the others seemed to be surpassing them in strenuous activity and gaining something by and men remained it, too, while he where there was little or nothing to do. And it did seem so for when the horsemen brought in and showed to Cyrus what they brought, they rode away again in pursuit of the others for, they said, they had been instructed by their officers so to do. Though Cyrus was naturally nettled at this, still he assigned a place to the spoil. And again he called his captains together and standing where they would all be sure to hear his words of counsel, he his in a position ; ; " Friends, we all appreciate, I could but make our own the good fortune that is now dawning upon us, great blessings would come to all the Persians and above all, as is reasonable, to us by whom they are secured. But I fail to see how we are to establish a spoke as follows : 4. am sure, that if we 349 XENOPHON avTMV i)fi€l<: Kvpioi ytyvoi/xeda, fjurj avTdpKei ^ap hrj, e(}>T)' e'xpfiev 'qixet oi 5. opco. ivvoelre Tlepaai oirXa ol BoKou/xev rpeTreaOai tov<; TroXefiiov^ ofioae lovre'i' Kat hrj rpeirofievoi 7rco<; ^ rj'^ linria^ rj ro^ora^ rj dvev TreXraaTO.'i (fievyovTw; (f)0^oiVTO '^fia ovTe<; iTTTrcov Xa^ecv rj rj hwaifxed^ KaraKaveiv; 7Tpoai6vT€<; xaKOvv rive'i rj S' to^otui av av r) ev elSore^ on ovBelf avroi^ KLvBvvo^ v(f)* rjfjLMv KaKov TV iradetv fidXkov rj VTTO T&v 'rre^VKOTOiv SevBpcov; 6. el S' ouro) ravr e^ei, OVK evSrjXov ^ ore oi vvv 7rap6vTe uKOVTiaral rj lirirel';, eavTMV elvat ov^ ^ttov rj ijfierepa, ccr(o TOVTcov TToieLv oaaiTep vvv crvv rovTot^, tovtov^ re e'x^oifiev av Tore fjuerpLutTepov trpo^ ^P'd^ ^povovvTa<;; OTTore yap irapeivai rj aTretvai 0ovXoivTO, rjTTov dv t)p2v fieXoi, el avrol dvev rovrcov elev. 8. ravra fiev Brj apKolfxev rjfuv avToi ^al rtvo Jacob, GemoU trolous MSS., most Edd. not in xy or most Edd. ^ irajj ^ ^ z ^ fvdr)\oy ; ; yzE, moat Edd. ; iy5r)\oy C, Hug. 9. ovk- m B CYROPAEDIA, IV. iii. 4-9 valid claim to the spoil if we cannot gain it by The our own strength ; and this we cannot do, unless ha^-"* 5. Just capped the Persians have cavalry of their own. think of it," he went on; "we Persians have arms carah^of with which, it seems, we go into close quarters and ^^^ "'"' and then when we put the enemy to flight have routed them, how could we without horses capture or kill horsemen or bowmen or targeteers in ; ? And what bowmen or spearmen or horsemen would be atraid to come up and inflict loss upon us, when they are perfectly sure that they are in no more danger of being harmed by us than by 6. And if this is so, is the trees growing yonder it not evident that the horsemen who are now with their flight .'' us consider that everything that has fallen into our hands is theirs no less than ours, and perhaps, by Zeus, even more so ? 7. As things are now, therefore, this is necessarily the case. But suppose we acquired a body of cavalry not interior to theirs, is it not patent to us all that we should be able even without them to do to the enemy what we are now doing with their aid, and that we should find them then less presumptuous toward us ? For whenever they chose to remain or to go away, we should care less, if we were sufficient unto ourselves without them. Wellandgood. 8. No one, I think, would gain- Gyrus say me in this statement, that it makes all the differ- f™|^^ ence in the world whether the Persians have their Persian own cavalry or not. But perhaps you are wondering ^^ ^^ how this may be accomplished. Well then, supposing that we wished to organize a division of cavalry, had we not better consider our resources and our deficiencies ? 9. Here, then, in camp are numbers 351 XENOPHON OVV ITTTTOl OVTOl TToWol €V To5 (TTpaTOiriSo) fl€V Kol KaT€i\t)/j,fxepoc raWa ixrjv oaa Zel e')(ovcn kol TreidovTat oZ? ')(aXi.voX 'iTTiroif; aWa 'X^prjaOai, KoX o?? 7e Set dvBpa linrea 'x^pijadai exofiev, p^ev ipvpuaja tS)v acofidrcov, irakra Be d(t)paKa<; ol KOL fieOtevre'i koX Sr) TO e'xpvre^; 'x^pa>p,e6^ dv. XoiTTOv; BrjXov TOVTo p,dXiara €')(op,ev' e a) ripet<; tj/mv on dvSpcov 10. rl ovkovv 8ec. ovSev yap ovrw^ r)pAr€p6v avTol 'AXX.' epel TL p,adelv ovBel d\V TracBe 11. Kal irorepa TratSe? etcrt (f>povt,p>d)Tepot BeiKvv/xeva r) iKavcorepoi r& dvBpe 12. ovTe aWa rjjxiv /jltjv ra fiadelv irorepoi a')(o\ri ovre ye dWoL^ av p-ddcocrcv oi TralBe^i rj oi puvddpeiv dvBpda-iv ovre -qp.lv fiaOrjTeov axrirep yap tovto' ovre on Tt Be eKirovetv, adtpuTi, Traicrlv yap ro^eveiv mare dvBpe dv eiTTOi tol<; iraLcri' aKOVTi^eiv eiricrrd/jLeda yap koI touto* dXX! ovBe ixrjv, axnrep Toi? dWoi firjv dWa B dWa aWd TToWd Twv iroXefiLKcov 'xoK.eTrd p,ev, xpi] (f)L\(p dvBpa €iT€ 3Sa nrapayeveadat, drjpa Beot el Beoc, BioiKeadai, xa^y Be, eire KardXa^elv; K CYROPAEDIA, of horses which IV. 9-13 iii. we have taken and reins which they obey, and everything else that horses must have before you can use them. Yes, and more, all that a horseman must use we have breastplates as defensive armour for the body and spears which we may use either to hurl or to thrust. 10. What then remains Obviously we must have men. Now these above all other things we have ; for nothing is so fully ours as we ourselves are our own. " But perhaps some one will say that we do not know how to ride. No, by Zeus and no one of these who now know how to ride did know before he learned. But, some one may say, they learned when they were boys. 11. And are boys more clever in learning what is explained to them and what is shown them than are men ? And which are better able with bodily strength to put into practice what they have learned, boys or men.?' 12. Again, we have more time for learning than either boys or other — .'' ; men for for we have not, like boys, to learn we know how already or to throw the to shoot, ; ; spear, for we understand that, too. No ; nor yet again are we so situated as other men, some of whom are kept busy with their farming, some with their trades, and some with other domestic labours, while we not only have time for military operations, but they are forced upon us. 13. And this is not like many other branches of miUtary discipline, useful but laborious nay, when it comes to marching, is not riding more pleasant than tramping along on one's own two feet ? And when speed is required, is it not delightful quickly to reach a friend's side, if need be, and quickly to overtake a man or an animal, if occasion should require one to give chase ? And is this not ; 353 XENOPHON €K€ivo Be ou%t TO €V7r€T€ (pepeiv rbv ittttov o uv hey ottKov Ti tovto av/xcpipeiv ; ovkovv ravro icrrlv e^xeiv re koX (pepeiv. y 14. "O 76 herjaei el irplv e^' p,r}V dv fjbdXcar^ dxpi^ovv TO (jiO^rjOeirj, Ti KLvhvvevevv 'lttttov rjfid^ epyov tovto, KUTreira ire^oX erv (o/xev firjTe ttco 'nnTet TOVTO dfJbrj'y^avov' rj/MV Tre^Oi? firj Trporepov pi.rjTe aW' ovSe yap dv ^ovXco/xeOa, i^eaTai fid^eadar ovSev yap t&v ottov evdv<; Tre^iKwv dirofjutdrjaopeda iTnrevetv p,ai>ddvovTe KO/309 fiev ovTQ)<; 15. ovTcof eiridufia) UpvadvTa^ etTre- avTw wBe eke^ev ayopevoav iinreveiv 'AW' p,a6eiv to? lirirev^ yepcopui, dvdpcoTro^ iTTiqvo^ vvv fiev yap eycoye dyairol) opjxrjdeX'i vop,i^(o, eaeadai. y i^ rjv Se avv- iyoi fiev, e^rj, dvOpcoTTfov fiovov ttj Ke(^a\fi rjp 16. tcrov t(o delv TTpoa")(<xs, Kav Orjpiov irapaOeov IBcov BvvacrOSi SiaTeivdfievo^ <j)6d(Tai wcTTs dKOVTLcrai TO^evcrai Trplv irdvv irpoao) rj avTO yeveaOai. rjV 8' linrev'i yevrnfiai, 8vpr](T0/jiai /xev dvSpa ef 6yp-€(o yap idv Ta Be dicovTL^eiv wairep dpbt^OTepa Ta^ea fj, ecrTrjKora' op,a)<; [koi idv Tr\r}aLov yiyvqrai dWifkcov, wairep Ta eaTijKOTa eaTCV.] ^ 17. o Be Br] p,d\iaTa Bok& ^okov, €(f)rj, e^rjXaKevaii L'mroKevTavpov'i, 1 /col ... iffrlv el eyevovTO, MSS. , oxttc Dindorf, bracketed by Hug, Marchaut, Gemoll. 354 irpofiovXeve-l Breitenbach, et al.;| CYROPAEDIA, IV. iii. 13-17 convenient, that the horse should help you to carry whatever accoutrement you must take along ? Surely, to have and to carry are not quite the same thing. 1 4. " What one might have most of all to fear, however, is that in case it is necessary for us to go into action on horseback before we have thoroughly mastered this task, we shall then be no longer infantrj'men and not yet competent cavalrymen. But not even this is an insurmountable difficulty ; for whenever we wish, we may at once fight on foot ; for in learning to ride we shall not be unlearning any of our infantry tactics." 15. Thus Cyrus spoke; and Chrysantas seconded chrysantaa him in the following speech: "I, for one, am so eager ""pportiithe to learn horsemanship, that I think that if I become a horseman I shall be a man on wings. 16. For as we are now, I, at least, am satisfied, when I have an even start in running a race with any man, if I can beat him only by a head and when I see an animal running along, I am satisfied if I can get a good aim quickly enough to shoot him or spear him before he gets very far away. But if I become a horseman I shall be able to overtake a man though he is as far off as I can see him and I shall be able to pursue animals and overtake them and either strike them down from close at hand or spear them as if they were standing still ; [and they seem so, for though both be moving rapidly, yet, if they are near to one another, they are as if standing still.] 17. Now the creature that 1 have envied most is, I think, the Centaur (if any such being ever existed), able to reason witli a man's intelligence and to ; ; 355 XENOPHON adai /jLev avOpcoTrov (ppovrjaei, ral iraXafxaaOat,, Xttitov Se Td')(o %6/3o-t to Siov koX la'xyv, e'XGiv oiare to fiev (fyevyov alpelv, to 5' inroixevov avaTpeneiv, ovkovv irdvTa Kayco raura 'nrirev^i yevo(rvyKOfu^o/iai fji€vo^ fxev ye e^w ircivTa 18. irpovoeiv irpo'i i/juivTov. dvOpcoTrcvrj tj} rat? Be yvcofir), ^eparlv 07r\o(f)op^aQ), Bioo^ofxai Be tco top S' evavTLOV dvaTpe-^ai Ty tov ittttov pvp,r}} afOC ov BeBrjaopbUL wairep OVKOVV TovTO ye KpecTTOV av/j,7r€(f>vK(o 19. yap iTnroKevTavpovii TOv rjv avp,7re(pvKevar rj TroWot? rjvprj/nevcov dyaO&v t&v Bel 'XprjcrOai, 7roXXot9 Be T(ov r}Bewv ttco? avTcov Be ol linroKevTavpoL. olp,ai 670)76 aTTopetv Tcov dvdpa)7roi<; 07rci)<; iTTTTft), tTTTroi? TrecpvKO- xph diroXaveiv. linTeveiv p,d6Q), otuv pblv iirl to, yevtofiai, tov LTTTTOfcevTavpov 20. iyo) tov B7]ttov 'ittttov BiaTrpd- ^o/Mar OTUV Be KaTa^w, BeiTTvtjcra) koI dfj,cf)iecropui Kol KadevBrjao) waTTep ol dWoi dvdpcoTTOc M(TTe TV dWo rj BiaipeTb TeTTapcn Be a>alv ulaBtj- TToWd yap ^aai aofiar Ka\ ittttov uvOptsiTTip^ T0t9 6 B ^ fiinTi ' itapa T6 (Dindorf), Edd. ; ^wfir) xyz. Hug, Marchant, Gemoll ; 7r^o{- Dindorf, Breitenbach. ^ avdpwTTCf) Pantazides, Marcbant, Gemoll Dindorf, Breitenbach. ; D)«a»/)oTo MSS., avdpdnrov MSS., CYROPAEDIA, IV. 17-21 iii. manufacture with his hands what he needed, while he possessed the fleetness and strength of a horse so as to overtake whatever ran before him and to knock down whatever stood in his way. Well, all his advantages I combine in myself by becoming a horseman. 18. At any rate, I shall be able to take forethought for everything with my human mind, I shall carry my weapons with my hands, I shall pursue with my horse and overthrow my opponent by the rush of my steed, but 1 shall not be bound fast to him in one growth, like the Centaurs. 19. Indeed, my state will be better than being grown together in one piece for, in my opinion at least, the Centaurs must have had difficulty in making use of many of the good things invented for man and how could they have enjoyed many of the comforts natxiral to ; ; the horse ? 20. But learn to ride, I shall, if I when am on horseback, do everything as the Centaur does, of course ; but when I dismount, I shall dine and dress myself and sleep like other human beings and I ; what be than a Centaur that can be taken apart and put together again } 21. "And then," he added, "I shall have the advantage of the Centaur in this, too, that he used to see with but two eyes and hear with but two ears, while I shall gather evidence with four eyes and learn through four ears for they say that a horse actually sees many things with his eyes before his rider does and makes them known to him, and that he hears many things with his ears before his rider so else shall I ; 357 XENOPHON irpoaKovovra (hcrl crrjfiaiveiv. fxev ovv, ifie ypdxpe T(bv iTTTreveiv VTrepeTrtOv/jiovvrcov. Nrj rov At', €(f>aa'av ol aXkoi irdvre'i, koX ye. €T}, '^fid<; ^ 22. 'E/c TovTov eirel crcjioBpa Br) rj/ntv avTol eyw 6 K.vpo SoKei ravra, ei Tl ovv, e(f)r], Koi vofiov rjpZv ala-^pov eivai, ol<; av iirirov'; iropicro), ijv Tt? (f}avfj Tre^rj rj/nMV 7rop€v6fX€vo re iroXkrjv r'jv re oXiyrjv 686v Sir/ SceXdeiv; 'iva Kol TravTairaaiv iTnroKevTavpovf; r)fia avdptOTTOt elvai. 'O 23. (Tav fjuev oicTT ovTcof ejrrjpeTo, ol Be Trai^re? avvrjveKcu vvv i^ eKelvov ')(p(ovrai 6TC TLipcrai ovrco, koX ovBe\<; eKcov 6(f)6eiTj Ol av Kokoiv Kayadfov roiit' JJepcrayv ovBa/xf) Tre^o? Icov. fiev Br) ev rovTOL X07049 rjcrav. IV '^/j,epa<;, irpoaijXavvov kuI "TpKaviot, L7nTov<; re ocroi yap to. d 1. fjbev 'JrlvLKa S' rjv e^fo fieaov ol M.rjBoi tTTTret? €fieya\r)y6povv. ^ Breitenbach, ^ 3. 6 Be BirjKove re ; ; ; SiriKovf re StT^KovfTo z ^ yBeco^ irdv- HG, Marchant, GemoU KareKavov Hug KarfKaiov A airfKreivov xD. KUTtKaivuv Dindorf, ; Schneider, Dindorf, Breitenbach, Marchant Sir)Kovf GemoU. CYROPAEDIA, IV. iii. 21-iv. 3 does and gives him intimation of them. Put me down, therefore/' said he, " as one of those who are more than eager to become cavalrymen." " Aye, by Zeus," said all the rest, " and us too." 22. " How would it do^ then," Cyrus asked, " since The we are all so very well agreed upon this matter, if we ^^nimous' should make a rule for ourselves that it be considered improper for any one of us whom I provide with a horse to be seen going anjrwhere on foot, whether the distance he has to go be long or short, so that people may think that we are really Centaurs ? 23. He put the question thus and they all voted aye. And so from that time even to this day, the Persians follow that practice, and no Persian gentleman would be seen going anywhere on foot, if he could help it. Such were their discussions on this occasion. IV And when it was past midday, the Median and 1 Hyrcanian horsemen came in, brinffino: both horses 1 1 and men that they had taken, e or they had spared the lives of all who had surrendered their arms. 2. And when they had ridden up, Cyrus asked them first whether his men were all safe. And when they answered this in the affirmative, he asked how they had fared. And they narrated to him what they had accomplished and proudly told how gallantly they had behaved in every particular. 3. And he listened with pleasure to all they wished . 1 111 i- 359 The allies '**""^ '^*^» prisoners ot war XENOPHON a i^ovXovTo Xeyeiv avTov^ ovTa><;' eireira he Koi T(ov 'AWa Kul 8i]Xov TOi, eirrjvecrev iare oti e^r), dvSpe^ dyadol iyevecrde' Koi yap /btei^ov; (fealvecrde kol KaWiovi Kol yopyoTepoi rj irpoadev Ihelv. 4. 'E/c he TOVTOV eirvvddvero rjhrj avTtav kcli oTTocrrjv ohbv hLrjXacrav KaX el olkoito 77 %«/?«• 01 8* eXeyov on koI ttoXXtjv hieXdcretav koI irdaa oIkoIto koX /jLecTTi] etrj koI olwv koi alydv koi ^0(OV Kul ITTTrCOV Kot (TLTOV KOL irdvT(oi' dyadSiv. 5. Avoty dv, e(f}7], eirLfieXr^Teov rj/juv eiij, 07r<w9 re tmv ravra ^ e^ovrcov kol otto)? avTol fjLevovcnv oiKoufievq fxev yap %a)/oa ttoXXov d^iov KTTJfia' ipiJ/J'TJ S' dvdpcoTTcov ovaa eprjfjurj kqX 6. tov<; fiev ovv dfivvorSiV dyadwv yiyveraL. KpeLTTOV otha on KareKdvere,^ 6pdm<; 7roiovvTe<;' TOVTO yap fidXiara ado^ei Tr)v vCktjv rov fievov 7rapahih6vTa<; al'^^aX(OT0v<; rjydyere' ov TOVT av crvfix^opov dv, cos- eyco (Prjfii, iroirjaaLfiev 7. Trp&TOu pkv yap vvv ovk dv (fyvXdTTeaOac ovhe (j}vXdTT€iv r)fid<; tovtov^ heoi, ovh' av ' cnroiroieiv tovtoi^;' ov yap Xi/hm ye hrjirov KaraKavovfxev * avTOV'i' eirena he tovtov<; d irXeioatv alxp-dXd)T0L ')(^prj(T6fieda. KpaTcopev trdvre^ TTJ'i ')((t)pa 8. rjplv oi rjv ev yap avrfj olKOVVTe ' ravra Hug, Marchant, Gemoll ; avra MSS., earlier Edd. KarfKavere Dindorf, later Edd.; KarfKalverf z; anfKrdyfr* xD. • xD. 360 2 „g Castalio, Edd. KaraKavovfjiiv Zeune, Edd. ; ; ttv MSS. KaraKaivovft,fv z ; airoKrfvov^ev. 1 CYROPAEDIA, to hinij tell IV. iv. 3-8 and then he praised them in these words: quite evident that you have conducted yourmen ; and any one can see it, for vou appear taller and handsomer and more terrible to look upon than heretofore." 4. Then he enquired of them further how far they had ridden and whether the country was inhabited. And they replied, first, that they had ridden a long way, and second, that all the country was inhabited and that it was full of sheep and goats, cattle and horses, grain and all sorts of produce. 5. "There are two things," said he, "that it were what to do well for us to look out for: that we make ourselves p,^neiT masters of those who own this property, and that they stay where they are. For an inhabited country is a very valuable possession, but a land destitute of people becomes likewise destitute of produce. 6. Those, therefore, who tried to keep you off, you slew, I know ; and you did right. For this is the best way to conserve the fruits of victory. But those who surrendered you have brought as prisoners of war. Now, if we should let them go, we should, I think, do what would be in itself an advantage. 7. For, in the first place, we should not have to keep watch against them nor should we have to keep watch over them, nor yet to furnish them with food for, of course, we do not mean to let them starve to '* It is selves as brave the second place, if we let them have more prisoners of war than if we do not. 8. For, if we are masters of the country, all they that dwell therein will be our prisoners of war and the rest, when they see these alive and set at liberty, will stay in their places and choose to death go, ; we and in shall ; 361 XENOPHON Kol ireiOeaOai alprjaovrai fidWov rj fia')(e yiyvcoaKfO' afiuvov, Xeyero). 01 Se a.Kov(TavT€<; avv^vovv ravra Troietv. iyo) OvTco 9. T0U9 on Kvpo? 8r) \eyei roidSe' iireLdeade ra<; re XotTTOV, t]v KaX€(Ta<; TOv- 10. "Av8pe<;, -v/ryi^a? ovtco vvv e^rj, re rov ovS' oriovv Kaivov irepieiroir^aacrde, ^ Trotrjre, earat vfuv aTOJ rj ovx o avro koI KOfiiaare' crrpareveiv, rol<; jiiev Kal d Xiyofiev d86\a> evvotKCt)<; rd oirXa irpof rjixd^ KOfii^ovatv earai elpijvi] oiroaoi S' dv rd iroXefxiKd dirocfiepcoatv orrXa, eVt rovrov; t^p.el'i Kal S^ 12. idv 8e Tt9 vfiwv Kal Icbv to? crrparevcTo/xeda. t'jfjbd'; ottok; Se firjS' eiray- VTrep v[iSiv ixAxypvjxeOa. r)/x€t yeWrj Kal rrpdrroiv rt Kal 8i8dcrKcov rovrov ^fiei'i <»9 evepyerrjv Kal (pCXov, ovx ^'^ 8ov\ov Trepiiyjrofiev. ravra ovv, e(j>r), avrol 13. tjv 8' re tare Kal rol dpa, €(f)r}, rive vfj,(t)v ^ovXofievcov ravra r)fid rovrov<; p,r) rreidmvrai v[xel eKeivwv, cKelvoi vfxwv dpx'^o'i'V. 'O fj-ev 8t} ravr elirev ol 8e irpoaeKvvovv re Kal /JLT) vTTicrxvovvTO 1 36a Kaivhv ravra TroirjcreLV, xD, later Edd. ; KaKhv z, Dindorf (Iiarm). CYROPAEDIA, IV. iv. 8-13 This, then, is my rather than to fight. proposition ; but if any one else sees a better plan, let him speak." But when they heard his proposal they agreed submit to adopt it. Accordingly, Cjtus called the piTsoners together and spoke as follows: 10. "My men," said Cyru* offer* he, " you have now saved your lives by your submis- u^^^""^ sion ; and in the future also, if you continue to be obedient, no change whatever shall r'ome to you except that you shall not have the same ruler over you as before but you shall dwell in the same houses and work the same farms you shall live with the same wives and have control of your children just as now, 11. But you shall not have to fight either us or any one else but when any one injures you, we and that no one may even ask will fight for you military service of you, bring your arms to us. And those that bring them shall have peace, and what we promise shall be done without guile. But as many as fail to deliver up their weapons of war, against these we ourselves shall take the field immediately. 12. But if any one of you comes to us in a friendly way and shows that he is dealing fairly with us and giving us information, we shall treat him as our benefactor and friend and not as a slave. Accept these assurances for yourselves, and convey them to the rest 13. But if," said he "while, you are willing to also. accept these terms of submission, some others are not, do you lead us against them that you may be their masters and not they yours." Thus he spoke and they did obeisance and pro9. ; ; ; ; mised to do what he directed. 363 XENOPHON *E7rel 5' €K€tvoi fp'^ovTo, 6 Ku/jo? elirev/'ripa 1. yir/Soi Kal ^Ap/ji£ViGi, BeiTTveiv iraaiv iqfilv •jrapecKevaaTai Be vfjuv TaTnrijSeca co? rifietf ^eXrtara iSvudfieda. aXX' ire xal ^/up Tre/iTrere Tov ire'jroirjfiei'ov^ airov top ijfiiaw lKavb oyfrov Be afjb(f)OTepot<; TreTroitjTat' fir) TreyLtTrere firjBe iKava yap exofiev irap qp.lv avTol^ irape- TTieiv aK€va Kai u/iet? Be, w "TpKavioi, ecfyrj, BidyeTe avTov<; eVi ra? aKTjvdf, tov<; fiev dp^ovra^; eVl ra'i fjbeyicrra^, yiyvoacrKere Be, Tov KoKkKxra e'x^eiv Koi aiiTol Be BenrveiTe ottovvfuv crcS fiev yap vpZv Kal uKepaioc irep r)Bi(Trov irapea KevaaTUi Be Kal evddBe biairep at aKrjvar Kal Toinoi e^(o Kai TOVTO vfiiv aKrjvai(f 01 yap ev 4. Ol iXovvTO, r}p.el Be tcrre dp^cfjorepoi on ra rd vvKTOv\aK->]crofiev, avrol Spare Kal rd OTvXa B' ev fiev ev ral ral fiev Kai, yirjBoi Br) rjv Kal ol dfi(f>l Tcypdvrjv yap irapeaKevacr fieva, fieraXa^ovre^ eBeiirvovv, Kal ifidria ol 'ittitol avTOi<; el')(pv TairiT^Beca. Kal T04? Jlepa-aa Be eirefiwov tcov dprcov rov r)fi[aeL e'^eiv Tovf dfi(f>l K.vpov en d ravra? ^ Tretroirffifyov Zeune, Edd. ; ircirovrif-fvov MSS. ' in &(peova ravra Dindorf *, Hug, Marchant, GemoU 6 Bk ; 8t« ravra ^x*'" ^^> Dindorf**, Breitenbach {/or he said (hey had an abundance of that) ; 8t» &(p6ova ravra z, e(pri li,(p6ova 364 CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 1-4 " Medes 1. When they were gone, Cyrus said and Armenians, it is now high time for us all to go to dinner and everything necessary has been prepared for you to the best of our ability. Go, then, and send to us half of the bread that has been baked enough has been made for all but do not send us any meat nor anything to drink for enough has been provided for us at our own quarters. 2. " And you, Hyrcanians," he said to these, " lead : ; — ; ; them to their largest (you several —the tents know which they are), the officers to and the rest as you think best. And you yourselves also may dine where it best pleases you. For your own tents also are safe and sound, and there also the same provision has been made as for these. 3. "And all of you may be assured of this, that we shall keep the night-watches for you outside the camp, but do you look out for what may happen in the tents and have your arms stacked conveniently; for the 4. men in the tents are not yet our friends." Then the Medes and Tigranes and men his bathed, changed their clothes (for they were provided with a change), and went to dirmer. Their were provided for. the bread, half was sent to the Persians but neither meat for relish nor wine was sent, for they thought that Cyrus and his men had those articles Iiorses also Of left in ; abundance. But what Cyrus meant was that '3^5 General " dinner XENOPHON Kf}/309 ravra eXeyev, 6yp-oi> fiev tov Xifioi, irtelt airo TOV TTapappeovTO^ TTora/xov. S' 5. eTret 'O fiev ovv Kypo? ^enrvLaa^ rovf Xle/jcra?, avveaKoraae, Kara TrefnrdBa^ koI Kara 'iroWovf avrcov Sii7r€fj,-\{r€ Kal eKeXevae kvkXo) tov arpuTOTreSov Kpvmevuv, vofiil^cov a/xa SeKaSa^i fikv (j)vXaKr}v dp Ti9 de, eaeadai, av tls e^codev e^co (pepcop ')(^prjp,aTa TrpocrLij, dfMa aTroBiSpdaKr), dXwaeadaL avrop' Kal iyevero ovt(0' ttoXXoI /xep yap direhiZpaaKOP, iroXXdl Se kdXcoaav. 6. 6 5e Ki)/)09 rd flap 'X^pTj/MUTa tou? Xa^6pra Ol ixep Si] Uepaai ovtco 8tr]yoP' ol Be M^Soi KaX evoi')(ovvTo Kal eiripop kuI rjvXovpro xal 7rdcrr] 'O Be K.va^dpr](} 6 rcop MtjBwp ^aaiXev'i pvKra ep y e^rjXdep 6 K.vpo rrjv fiep e/jLeduaKero fied' wpirep eaK-qpov &) Kal arparoireBo) irXr^p oXlycop, ukoucop Oopv^op M^ySwi/, are rcop oi ydp oiKerai rwp BeairoTOiP drreXyfKvOorwp, dpeifi,epQ)(i ermvop Kal eOopv^ovp, dXXci) rroXvv 9. rjKe 366 'ETret Be rjixepa iyepero, Kal eVt 9vpa Kal avpeBeiiTPOvp, Kal to arpa- I CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 4-9 hunger was their relish and that they could drink from the river that flowed by. 5. Accordingly, when Cyrus had seen that the How the Persians had their dinner, he sent many of them ^p^^l whe out, when it was dark, in squads of five and ten, with Persima orders to he in hiding round about the camp for he thought that they would serve as sentinels, in case any one should come to attack from the outside, and at the same time that they would catch any one who tried to run away A\ith his possessions. And it turned out so for many did try to nm away, and many were caught. 6. And Cyrus permitted those who effected the capture to keep the spoil, but the men he bade them slay and so after that you could not easily have found, had you tried, any one attempting to get away by night. 7. Thus, then, the Persians employed their time by the but the Medes drank and revelled and listened to the ^^^ music of the flute and indulged themselves to the full with all sorts of merry-making. For many things that contribute to pleasure had been captured, so that those who stayed awake were at no loss for something to do. 8. Now the night in which Cyrus had marched out, byCyaxares Cyaxares, the king of the Medes, and his messmates got drunk in celebration of their success and he supposed that the rest of the Medes were all in camp except a few, for he heard a great racket. For inasmuch as their masters had gone off, the servants of the Medes were drinking and carousing without restraint, especially as they had taken from the Assyrian army wine and many other supplies. 9. But when it was day and no one came to his headquarters except those who had been dining with ; ; ; ; ; 367 XENOPHON TOTreSov rjKOve Kevov eJvat rtov M.'^Scop koI tcov nnrewv, koI ecopa, eTreiBr) i^ifkdev, ovtco^ e')(OVTa, ivravda 8r) i^pifiovTo re rtp Ku/)&) koI roi'i Mr]8oi KUT oKiiTOVTaii avTov vat ev9v^, uxTTrep Xiyerai tS)v irapovrodv /ceXevei TTopevecrdai. tTTTTca? coytto? eprjfiov o'i^eaOai, elvai koX Xa^ovra riva eVi rd'X^iaTa tw? ayv(ji>iia)v, iavrov tov<; to afi,(\)\ K.vpov arpdreufxa koX Xiyeiv rdSe' 10. "Hi.p.rjv irepl ip,ov fiev KO/J09 OVTO) av ere, o) K.vpe, ^ovXevaai, el 8e ouS' 170)76, d7rpovoi]T(o ovTO) ovk dv yt vp,d dv fieu K0/0O9 ^ovkrjTat, Ta')(i(Trriv fxrj, koI vvv, vfjuelt ye rrjv Trdpeare. TavTu 11. Se el MjjSoi, S) ideXrjcraL ovtoj^ eprj/juov e/xe KaraXcTrelp. vopeveaOai eTreareCkev. Sr} Kat e<pr], ttw?, 6 Be w SeairoTa, TaTTo/nevof; iyoo evprjorw eKeivov he K.vpo<;, €rj, kuI 01 avv avTw i(f) ov eiropevovro; "Otl vt) Trd\ep.ia)v OL')(^eadaL 12. AC, 'A/coi;cra9 fidXXoi^ dKovta e<^r}, d^ecrTTjKOTa^f r&v "TpKaviovi rivds koI eX66vTa<; Sevpo fjyovp'ivov^; avrw. ert tw he ravra K.vpa) 6 K.va^dpr)(; oipyl^ero tu> p,rjh^ ttoXv elirelv avr5> ravra, Kal TroXXfj cnrovhfj p,dXXov eTre/jLTTev eVt rov 'irep,'Trop,ev(p he rjTreiXei, el firfi la^vpa> 368 CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 9-13 him, and when he heard that the camp was forsaken by the Medes and the cavalry, and when he disccjvered on going out that such was really the case, then he fumed and raged against both Cyrus and the Medes because they had gone off and left him deserted. And straightway, in keeping with his reputation for being violent and unreasonable, he ordered one of those present to take his own cavalry corps and proceed at topmost speed to Cyrus's army and deliver the following message : "I should think that even you, Cyrus, The idng'a would not have shown such want of consideration c^^^'^ ^ toward me and if Cyrus were so minded, I should think that at least you Medes would not have consented to leave me thus deserted. And now, if Cyrus will, let him come with you if not, do you " at least return to me as speedily as possible 11. Such was his message. But he to whom he " And how shall I gave the marching order said 10. ; ; : " them, your majesty " How," he answered, " did Cyrus and those with him find those against whom thev went ? " "Why," said the man, "by Zeus, I am told that some Hyrcanians who had deserted from the enemy came hither and went awav as his guides." 12. Upon hearing this, Cyaxares was much more angry than ever with Cyrus for not even having told him that, and he sent off in greater haste to recall the Medes, for he hoped to strip him of his forces and with even more violent threats thaa before, he ordered the Medes to return. And he threatened the messenger also if he did not deliver his message find .'' emphasis. Accordingly, the in all its 13. officer assigned to this duty 369 XENOPHON T0U9 eavTov nT7rea<; a> TT] 68u> TTopevofievoi hi,a<jy^L(TdevT€ TO (piXiov arpdrevfia irplv evTV)(pvre<; diro')(^copovat rial twv Aaavpucov i^vdyKaaav avrou<; rijeladai' Kol ovrcof d^iKvovvrau rd irvpa KariBovre^ dfM(pl fieaa^ ttco^ vvKTa vnb K.vpov, elprjfievov r)v ov/c eLa€(f>p)]Kav ^ avTOv'i TTpb rjfiepaf. Be 'ETret rjfiepa fidyov^; Ka\eaa<; o virecfyaive, KOpo? rd irrl rot? rot,ovToi 15. Kal ol p-ev dp,(f)l Tov 6p-OTLp.ov<; irpoiTov rovf fiev TOC dyaOotf e^aipeladai iKeXeve. ravra €l)(ov 6 Be elirev, ^KvBpe 6 avyKoXiaaf p-ev deof irpo- TToXkd xdyadd' ripbel (f)aLvei (f)v\d^op,ev, purj irdXiv ravra riva^ r]p,(t)v etre KaraXel-^opbev T0t9 iirl rjp,iv e yLyvopAi'OL<;, la')(yv exovre^; dva<^avovp,6da. 'Td')(^LaTa (jD^ BiBdcTKeiv levai direp rivd iyco vp,o)v dWorpia earar avrcov (f)vXa/ca<; avriKa ovBep,Lav 16. BoKel ovv p.oi el<; Lle/xra? Xeyw, Kal KcXeveiv q)<; Kal rd- arpdTevp,a, etirep i7ri6vp,ovai Ilepcrai rr]V dpxv^ t^? ^AcrLa<; avrol Cobet, later Edd. ; elffa't>r\Kav MSS., Dindorf, 2 o< Bothe, Edd. ; Si MSS. '6aa D. 6w6(Ta Poppo, Edd.; bnola xz elffftppTjKay ' et €7ri7rep,7reiv al. ^ * ; avTots 37° Gemoll ; avrols MSS., earlier Edd. CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 13-17 with his cavalry, about a hundred in number, exed with himself for not having gone along with Cyrus when he went. And as they proceeded on their journey, they were misled by a certain by-path and so lost theii* way and did not reach the army of their friends, until they fell in with some deserters from the Assyrians and compelled them to act as And so they came in sight of the their guides. camp-fires sometime about midnight. 14. And when they came up to the camp, the sentinels, following the instructions of Cyrus, refused to admit set out \ them before Now daylight. peep of day the first thing that Cyrus did was to call the magi and bid them select the gifts ordained for the gods in acknowledgment of such success 15. and they proceeded to attend to this, while he called the peers together and said at ; " Friends, God holds out before us many blessings. But we Persians are, under the present circumstances, too few to avail ourselves of them. For if we fail to LTuard what we win, it will again become the and if we leave some of our own projierty of others iuen to guard what falls into our possession, it will very soon be found out that we have no strength. 16. Accordingly, I have decided that one of you should Cyrna Mnds go with all speed to Persia, present my message and for rS^ ask them to send reinforcements with the utmost f°"=«™e°*» ; dispatch, if the Persians desire to have control of Asia and the revenues accruing therefrom. 1 7. Do you, therefore, go, for you are the senior officer, and 371 XENOPHON ravra ^eye, koI TTpec/SyTaro?, Koi Icov oti ov<; av TrefiTTwai cnpaTt(07as, eTreiSav eXOcoai Trap e'x^opiev firjSev, irepl fieXtjaei i/xol ifii, 6pa<; fiev r)p,el^, 6 Be Tt «aX(W9 Kal tovtmv Tov Trarepa epcora, Oeov'i av ra to, Tre/jLyfrdvrcov Be irpdrTO/jLev koL (ppaarijpa'^ wv TCL^ ap-)^d fiev, B' ITeycxTa? fiev Trpo? T01/9 Be 7Tpo<; Kal to kolvoi OTrrrjpai; epcoTMfMev. crvcTKevd^ou Kal tov ecj)')], eh iyoo 7re/x7ro)v TrotoLrjv vop.[fio)<; a avTol<;. Tpo(jii]<; avro^} Kpvine he tovtwv Xo^ov Kal wv aii irpoTrofiTrov dye. 18. 'E/c Tovrov Be^ Kal rov<; M^jBov; eKoXei, irapd rov K.va^dpov dyyeXo<; Trapiararai, Kal iv irdat ttjv re 'irpo dfjba 6 p,eveiv fiovXerai. 01 19. fiev ovv M.TjBoi dKovaavTe<; tov nyyeXov ecriyrjaav, d7ropovvTe<; /aev uTTeideiv, Be ttco? irS)^ )^pt] ^PV KaXovvTO^ aTretXovvTt, viraKovaat, dXXa><; re Kal et'Sore? t^;' do/ioTrjra 20. 6 Be K.vpo^ elirev, 'AX,A,' eyd), o) avTOV. dyyeXe re Kal MPjBoi, ovBev, e(f)rj, davjxd^o) el K.va^dpr]<;, pev 7roXXou<; ovK Kal TroXep^lov^ tot IBfov, irpuTTopev, oKvel irepi irepl avrov' eireiBdv Be atadrjrai re r]p,0iv TToXXow puev TMv TToXep.Lwv dTroXwXora^;, irdvra'; Be direXrfXapAvov'i irpwrov p,ev iravaerai (f)0^ovu€vo<;, eireira yvcoaerac, on ov vvv epr}p,o<; yiyveBe r)pd elBa)<; 6 Ti , ^ avr 6s Cobet, most Edd. * 8« D, most Edd.; 8^j xz, ; ahra MSS., Dindorf. GemoU. CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 17 20 when you arrive tell them this and say also that for whatever soldiers they send I will provide maintenance after they come. Conceal from them nothing in rejiard to what we have, and you see for And what portion of these yourself what there is. spoils honour and the law require that I should send in regard to what is due the gods, ask my to Persia father in regard to what is due to the State, ask And let them send men also to the authorities. observe what we do and to answer our questions. .\nd you," said he, " make ready and take your own ; — ; platoon to escort you." 18. After this he called in the Medes also and The king's at the same moment the messenger from Cyaxares ^^eived '^ presented himself and in the presence of all reported his king's anger against Cyrus and his threats against the Medes and at the last he said that Cyaxares ordered the Medes to return, even if Cyrus wished to ; stay. On hearing the messenger, therefore, the silent, for they were at a loss how they could disobey him when he summoned them, and they asked themselves in fear how they could obey him when he threatened so, especially as they had had experience of his fury. 20. But Cyrus said 19. Medes were : "Well, Sir Messenger and you Medes, inasmuch as Cyaxares saw in our first encounter that the enemy were numerous and as he does not know how we have been faring, I am not at all surprised that he is concerned for us and for himself. But when he discovers that many of the enemy have been slain and all have been routed, in the first place he will banish his fears and in the second place he will 373 XENOPHON Tai, 7)VLKa oi avTov tou? eKeivov e-^6pov diroWvaaiv. 'AWa 21. jxr^v fMefiyp'e(i)<; ye ttw? eafiev ev T€ TTOiovvre^ eKeli'ov Koi ovSe ravra d^iot,, auro/jba- dXX iyoD fiev eKeivov eireiaa idaai Xa^ovra vfid<; e^eXOeiv^ v/xei'i 8e ou^ cb? TLaavref; (jbe eTTiOv/jbovvTe^ i^oSov rjpwrrjcraTe t/}? vvv hevpo 7]K€Te, aXX' adevTe^ e^ievai otm v/mmv firj Koi vtt' el eKeivov intone KeXev a')(6oixev(p eirj. koi opyrj ovv avTT] cra0' ol8a vtto re rcov dyaOcov r) TreTravO}]cr€TaL kuI ^ev 22. NOi/ dvcLTTavcrai, avv t& ovv, Kal eireX (f)6^(p €(f>i], Xyyovri re, TreTTOvrjKa^, aireicri. m 7)p.ei<; dyyeXe, re, <w Tlepaai, eirel irpoahey^ofieda 7roXefxiov ye rj ireLaofxevov ovrco yap 6pa>/jievov KoXXiaTa- &)9 irXeov Twv ^ye/nScri rwv arcov (rrparicoTCov e^oirXi^eiv avrov<;. ravra TroLrjora^ 6 'TpKdvto<; irpoaXeyet 6 KOpo?, '1^70) Se, e<^r}, o) 'TpKavie, rjSofiat alcr6av6fievo<; on ov fiovov (piXiav iiriSeiKVUfMevof irdpei, dXXa Kol avverriv (paivei fioL eT^eti'. Kol vvv oti (Tvp 23. 'Evrei Ze fjXde, ^ (iretffa ireltras ^ ert 374 . . D, . i^e\de7v D, Breitenbach, Marchant, ^leX^elv rdSe irotu xz, Dindorf, Sauppe. Marchant, Gemoll ; not in xz, other Edd. . . . Gemoll ; I CYROPAEDIA, realize that he is v. not deserted now, are annihilating his enemies. 21. "But further, how do since IV we have been doing 20-24 when his friends we deserve any blame, liim good service and have not been doing even that on our own motion ? But I, for my part, first got his consent to march out and take you with me while you did not ask whether you might join the expedition and you are not here now because you desired to make such an expedition, but because you were ordered by him to make it whoever of you was not averse to it. This wrath, therefore, I am quite sure, will be assuaged by our successes and will be gone with the passing of his ; fear. 22. " New, "take some Sir Messenger," said he, Cyrus's you must be fatigued, and since P^gg^^'j^, therefore. rest, for are expecting the enemy to come either to sur- crisis render, or possibly to fight, let us, fellow- Persians, get into line in as good order as possible for if we present such an appearance, it is likely that we shall better promote the accomplishment of what we desire. And you, king of Hyrcania, be pleased to order the commanders of your forces to get them under arms, and then attend me here." we ; 23. And when the Hyrcanian had done so and " I am delighted, king of returned, Cyrus sjiid Hyrcania, to see that you not only show me your friendship by your presence, but also that you evidently possess good judgment. And now it is evident that our interests are identical. For the Assyrians are enemies to me, and now they are still more hostile to you than to me. 24. Under these circumstances, we must both take counsel that none of the aJUes now present shall desert us, and also : 375 XENOPHON eav hvvMjxeOa, cnriacnv, rov<; I'mrea'i' TTOLelv i/Jie koX ae otto)^ 6 ovTOt Kol auTO 7]yuv ^lijSov 8e el /xovot oi Tre^ol fxevovfiev. rjfi€c ovv hei 70)9 rov 7rpoa\T)y}r6/jLe6a. a'7roKaXovvro<; rjKOve S' ovroi 25. ov- airoKokSiv ^ovXrjaeTat. av ficp ovv evpcov aKTjvqv S09 avrw ottov kolXXtara Sid^ei irdvra ra Seovra e')(^aiv' iyco S' av Treipdao/xai avTw epyov ri Trpoard^ai oirep avTO I'jhtov "jrpd^et avTW OTToara iXirl^ r) lXoi ravT ev yevrjTar TjKe TTuXiv Trap 'O 26. iirl 6 S' TrdaL Tol 7roii]aa<: ixevroi avra tov Mj/Soi' S^cto dycov Iwv Trapijv Tlepaa et? Se K.vpo^ aK€vaafM€VO dya6d ifxe. fiev Br) TpKupio^; (TKr)vr)V kol BiaXeyov 8e aireiai' yeveaOai uvtm eTreareXXe TLepaa^ Xiyeiv a koI Trpocrdev ev fiev tu> crvvett/jo? Xoyo) BeB^Xwrai, K-va^dprj 8e dirohovvat ra ypdpLfjLara. dvayvcovai 8e aoi koI ra eTnareXXofieva, €<pr], ^ovXofxai, Lva TT/oo? ravra elSax; avrd ofioXoyfi<;, edv ri ere epcora. ^Kvr]V Be ev rfj iinaroXfj idhe' 27. KOpo? K.va^dpr} eprj/jiov KareXiirofiev Kparfj, rore (piXcov ardvar dXXa irXeiovd aoi 376 ov yap €pTi/u.o r)fiel ere ovre J^P) orav exOpSiv yiyverai. ovBe /xrjv ae olofxeda ev kivBvvo) kuOioaw irXeov d'ire')(^ofiev, roaovra ye diro'^oypovpre^i 28. ')(aip€iv. ovBel^ rrjv 01 dcrcfydXeiav eyyvrara rcov irotecv (piXoop vofiL^o/xev' Kadrjfievoi, CYROPAEDIA, we that, if can, we may IV. v. 24-28 secure other allies besides. Now you heard the Mede recalling the cavalry and if they go away, we only, the infantry, shall be left. 25. Accordingly, it is necessary for you and for me to do all we can to make this man also ^vho is recalUng them desire to remain with us himself Do you, therefore, find and assign to him a tent where he will have the best kind of a time, with ever}i:hing he wants while I, for my part, will try to assign him some post that he himself would rather fill than go away. And do you have a talk with him and tell him what wealth we have hopes that all our friends will obtain, if we are successful in this and when you have done this, come back again to me." 26. Accordingly, the Hyrcanian took the Mede and went away to a tent. And then the officer who was going to leave for Persia presented himself ready to start. And Cyrus commissioned him to tell the Persians what has been set forth in the foregoing narrative and also to deliver a letter to Cyaxares. " Now," said he, " I wish to read my message to you also, that you may understand its contents and confirm the facts, if he asks you anything in reference to them." ; ; ; Now 27. the contents of the letter ran as follows; " Mv Dear Cyaxares ... We have not left you Cyrus's : , , „ - /. -i deserted for no one is deserted by his friends at a time when he is conquering his enemies. We do not even think that we have brought you into any danger through our departure but we maintain that the firther away we are, the greater the security we provide for you. 28. For it is not those who sit down nearest to their ; ; 377 answer to Cyaxares XENOPHON fiaXiara a\X' fiaWov TO I"? Tovf; <^iA,ov9 ip aKivBvvto Bk oiw ovTi eTreird ep,€ ijjayov p,oi aireXavvovre^; firjKiaTov e')(6pov 29. XKe-yjrai irepX rr)v aa- Toi 01 fiot p^/n^ei. KaOiardat. irepX eyoi) ae olo ye aoi fiev iyay OTTOffou? irXeiarovi av iSvvdfirjv wv dXX' Be fioi eBcoKUf; fiev iv rrj (fnXia ovri 6<Jov^ trelaai Bvva- adeirjv- 8' vvv iv rfj deXovra TroXe/xia ovros ov rov dXXd TrdvTa^ (pp/qv dp/porepoi^ vplv ^a/aff o^elXeLv vvv Be p dvayKdl^et XovdrjaacTL 30. rotyapovv Tore fiev diroKaKi.'i';. av aov pev eTTiXaOeadai, T049 Be uko- iretpdadat, irdaav tt)v ')(dpi,v diroBi- Bovai. Ov 31. pAvToi eycoye dXXa adac, Kal crol op,oio vvv Trep-Trtov et? Ile/Jcra? eTriarTiXXo), oTroaot •ffv TL (TV vTrdp^eiv, av (TV avrSiV ou% otto)? dx^aipelaOai av e^dpai Tap^y 378 av av arpdrevpu ccoaiv a>9 €p,e, rjp,d ideXcoaiv, aol eXdelv, dXX' OTrtu? ^ovXtj 'x^prjadat avToi<;. 32. livp^ovXevQ) p,rj irplv Berj Bvvap,ai yeve- cttI ocfieiXcovTai, ekdelvt Be aot B5> Kavirep iva prjB^ dirf-iXovvra pur) ve(orepo<; aoi dvrl a)v ')(^apiTO)V ovrtva ^ovXei irpo^ ae p^rairep-ireadaL, p.t)Be CYROPAEDIA, friends that provide but it is those that help danger. who their IV. v. 28-32 them with the greatest security drive the enemy farthest away friends most effectually out of 29. "And consider how I have acted toward you and how you have acted toward me, and yet in At all spite of all, you are finding fault with me. not merely as many as events, I brought you allies you persuaded to come, but as many as ever I had it whereas you gave to me, in my power to bring when I was on friendly soil, as many as I could persuade to join me, and now when I am in the enemy's territory you are recalling not merely those who may be willing to leave me, but all my men. 30. Indeed, I thought at that time that I was under obligation both to you and to your men but now you are actmg so as to force me to leave you out of consideration and to try to devote all my gratitude — ; ; who have followed me. " However, I cannot on my part treat you in the same spirit as you treat me, but at this very moment I am sending to Persia for reinforcements, with directions that as many as shall come to join me shall be at your service, if you need them for anything before we return, not as they may be pleased to serve, but as you may wish to employ them. 32. "Furthermore, although I am a younger man than you, let me advise you not to take back what you have once given, lest ill-will be your due instead of gratitude, nor to summon with threats those whom you would have come to you quickly and again let me advise you not to employ threats against large numbers, while at the same lime you to those 31. 379 XENOPHON d{TKOVTa iva fir) elvai eprjfiov 33. 'H/xei<> rd'X^iaTa rrpax^^vTU airetXelv, (ppovrC^eiv. /xrj Treipaao/xeda Be BiaTrpa^co/xeOa vopi^ofiev ttoXXoi? ajxa aov 8i8daKrj rrapelvai, a aoC r av kuI i^/mi' dyadd. yeveadai kqlvcl orav eppaao. 34. TavTTjv avrSf diroBo'i koI o tl dv epcoTO,, fi aTeWco aoi irepl TovTft) fikv dirl'irepire, ere tovtcov koI yap iyo) yeypairraL avp^adi. iiri- YlepaMV yTrep yeypuTrrai. Sow? t^i/ eTna-roXrjv ovT(i) TrpoaevTeiXdpevo'i ovtco cnrevheLv wairep olSev OTi avpcfiipei ra^i) irapelvai. 35. 'E« Tovrov he ecopa jxev i^a>7r\i(T/xevov<{ Toix} d/j,(f)l Ttypdvr)v' apevoi rjcrav ijBrj LTnrov Be TraXra oirovnep avrol eBeovTO' fjbivovTa avrol rov<; B' 37. "AvBpei; tu>v irpocr^copcov xai rov<; irpoadev oh tovto Tov roif v'iwv Ka\ecra Kat ol Yleparai Be e^coTrXi- TLva 36. o Be ra kcu orrXa aTre^epov. eKeXevae, Kal ckuov dyay6vTa epyov Kara^dWeiv r/v ottoctcov fir) exeXeve (f>vXdTTetv eax; dv ri aiip-avOfi dp)(0VTa^ rutv linrewv Kal 'Tpxa- roidBe eXe^ev' (jiiXot re koI avp.fxa'xpi, fid^ere oti iroXXaKL'i vp,d^ crvyKuXc!)' 380 ij8i] tou? "TpKaviov; koI irdvraf; koI tou? M.i]Bov p^rj dav- Kaivd yap CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 32-37 that you are deserted, for fear you teach pay no attention to you. 33. " We shall try, however, to come to you just as soon as we have accomphshed what we think it would be a common benefit to you and to us to have done. Farewell. assert them to Cyrus." 34. " Deliver this to him and whatever he asks you in regard to these matters, answer him in keeping with what is written. And you can do this with perfect truth, for my instructions to you in regard to the Persians correspond exactly with what is written in my Final ^'hiBaa* envov letter." Thus he spoke to him and giving him the letter sent him away, adding the injunction that he should make haste as one who knows that it is important to be back again promptly. — 35. At this moment he observed that all both the Medes and the Hyrcanians and Tigranes's men were already under arms, and the Persians also stood under arms. And some of the natives from near by were already delivering up horses and arms. 36. And the javelins he commanded them to throw down in the same place as in the former instance, and they whose task this was burned all that they did not themselves need. But as for the horses, he commanded those who brought them to keep them and wait until he sent them word. Then he called in the officers of the cavalry and ot the Hyrcanians and spoke as follows : 37. " Friends and allies, do not wonder that I call you together so often. For our present situation is 381 iv. u. ss XENOPHON ra irapovra iroKka avT&v earriv a 8 av acrvvraKra p, avajKr) ravra ovra r)filv acrvvraKra' aeX TrpajjjuiTa irape')(eLV, e<w9 38. Kat koX av8pe<; yfirip^ara, Tovrov<; 8ia 5e to p-^re avrol elSivai to, 8t} rjp,&v, avroiv Se- eKacrra) oari^; irepaivovra^ p,ev CTTOTrfii, e alx/^aXcora to, rovrwv eKaarov iarlu qpu ctt' \a^rj. civ ')((i)pav vvvecTTL /xevrjfxtv ttoWo, 8^ov raov irdw opav avTMV iroWov^, airopovvra^ 8k o 39. eo? ovv ypr) Tcoielv a^^ehov 'irdvTa<;. p,T) Ti ovTCi) kol oans pev eXa/3e rdWa ot? ivravda p,€V Xa^ovTa oaTi<{ TOUTOt? eaTar 7r\rjOo<; irKelai el-)(^ov '^(^prjp.dTwv 5' el i(rdfJTa to? Kol aTpaTicoTiKr), 8€t irpoa-yevecrOai Tovroiv vpiel 40. CKifkrjpdxraTe- oTi on Kal AcaXw? (TKrjVT) dWo ovSev el8evai crOai Setv(0(T€, KoX arpoip^vrjv oLKecTai rj tov oIk€L(ov eTrt/ieXe- iv8e6psvd tov KareaKrj- a'K€yjrdp,evoi ttoW^ to iXXeiTrov 8e Kal to. irepiTTd olS' yap diravTa rj KUTa to tjpeTepov rfkOov 8e irpo^ epe koL ol TToXi/Miot,. Taplai, ol re tov ^ Kaavpiwv ^aaikeo)'; dWwv 8vvaaT(bv, at eXeyov otc xP^^^^'^ ^^V irapd (Tcjitcnv erriar^pov, haapov^ Tiva<; XiyovTC^. KOI 41. Kal TavTa o^v KJjpvTTCTe irdvTa Trpof vfid OeaOe tS> prj ttoiovvti to iiriTi- irapayyeWo p-evov vpe7^ 8e 8id8oT€ X.aySoj/T69 liTTrel ZS2 aTrocpepeiv Kal av Ka6e^r)(jde' pev to StirXovv, ire^^ 8e CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 37-41 novel, and many things about it are in an unorganized condition and whatever lacks organization must necessarily always cause us trouble until it is ; reduced to order. 38 " We now have much and men besides. But, as spoil that we have taken, we do not know how much belongs to each one of us, and as the captives do not know who are their several masters, it is consequently impossible to see very many of them attending to their duty, for almost all are in doubt as to what they are expected to do. 39. In order, therefore, that this may not go on so, divide the and whoever has been assigned a tent with sfKjil plenty of food and drink and people to serve him, and bedding and clothing and other things with which a soldier's tent should be furnished so as to be comfortable -in such a case nothing more need be added, except that he who has received it should be given to understand that he must take care of it as But if any one has got into quarters that his own. lack something, do you make a note of it and supply the want. 40. And I am sure that what is left over will be considerable, for the enemy had more of everything than is required by our numbers. Furthermore, the treasurers, both of the Assyrian king and of the other monarchs, have come to me to report that they have gold coin in their f>ossession, by which they referred to certain paj-ments of tribute. 41. Notify them, therefore, to deliver all this also to you, wherever you have your headquarters. And give that man reason to fear who shall not do as you command. And do you take the money and pay it out to the cavalry and infantry in the proportion of two to one, in order that you may all of it ; — 383 The Mede* HyrcanUna directed the spoiL XENOPHON TO uTrXovv, Xva e)(r]T€, tivo^ TrpoaBerfade, rjv /cat OTOV aivqaeade. 42. Tt/v 8' rw cnpaTOirehw a/yopav rrjv ovcrav ev Ki-fpu^cbTco p,€v ri^Tj, prj ahiKeZv prjSeva, iroiXeiv €(})r], 5e TOv ravra Siadepevov; aXXa dyeiv, 07r<«9 ocKrjrat -qpXv TO (TTpaTOTreSov. TavTU 43. p.€v iKrjpvTTOV evOv<;. Kal Kot 'TpKavtoi etTTOV wSe44. Trpocrrjve^Or)' 'H yap (TKeTe 0)9 o Tt av Serj out(o<;, €(pr), m avZpe irpa^drjvai, eVt irdai TravTw; herjaei irapetvai, Kal ovt€ ijoo apK€ TQ)v TL irpo vp,MV 6 TL cLv her), ovtc Kal ttw? av aX\(o^ TrXeca) rjfiSfv; exoipcv, 45. M.rjSoi avev (tov kol t&v aSiV Siavefioifiev TavTa; 'O S' av Kt)po rip,el r)/j,d<; Be ol ttw? av, e^aaav, Be /jLeid) aXk\ 6pdT€, fxev BtaTrpuTTOLfieda rjfieU fiev e yap vp,el<; Trpo TrpaypaTa ovrco^;; r) 8ie<j>vXd^ap,ev Te vpiv ToZe, koX vpel vfiel^ S' av Siave[fiaT€, Kal 7ri(TTevcrop€v v/mv /caXeo? BiaveveixrjKevaL. dXXo Be TL av rjpel TrpaTTeiv. opaTe yap r)pei<; 46. Kal weipaaop^eOa kolvov dyadov Br], e^rj, vvvl irpcoTOV Ittttoi TrpoadyovTar Tovrov; edaopev drnp^dTOVi, oi^eXTjaovai pev 6(701 7)pcv irdpeiaLV, ol Be o^v el fiev ovBev rjpd 8' iTTTrea^ eir paTwv Trpoa-9r]a6peOa. 384 avToix; KaTaaTyjcrcopev, apa irpay- Te ciiraXXa^opeda Kal Icry^vv rjplv avToU 47. el pev ovv dXXovf ep^ere CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 41-47 have the wherewithal to buy whatever you still may need. 42. "Further," he added, "let the herald proclaim that no one shall interfere with the market in the camp, but that the hucksters may sell what each of them has for sale and, when they have disposed of that, get in a new stock, that our camp may be supplied." 43. And they proceeded at once to issue the proclamation. But the Medes and Hyrcanians asked " How could we divide this spoil without help : " from you and your men ? 44. And Cyrus in turn answered their question as follows " Why, my good men, do you really suppose that we must all be present to oversee ever^-thing that has to be done, and that I shall not be competent in case of need to do anj^thing on your behalf, nor you again on ours ? How else could we make more trouble and accomplish less than in this way.'' 45. No," said he; "you must look to it for we have kept it for you and you must have confidence in us that we have kept it well now for your part, do you divide it, and we shall have the same confidence in your dividing it fairly. 46. And there is something more that we, on our part, shall try to gain for the common advantage. For here, Cjtus asks you observe, first of all, how many horses we h°oreM for have right now, and more are being brought ^i^ PersUus in. If we leave them without riders, they will be of no use to us but will only give us the trouble of looking after them but if we put riders upon them, we shall at the same time be rid of the trouble and add strength to ourselves. 47. If, therefore, you have others to whom you would rather : ; ; 385 XENOPHON OLaricnv av BoLrjre avTOv<;, fieO^ a)v v€voire rj et re '^Siov, 8iBoT€' el fjbevroi fiaXia-ra e%eti/ vvv ore dvev rjfj,a<; Bk Trapijfiev vfitv. avTMv Kav 49. ^ BoKW/nev Tre^ol yevo- rjv Be av jrapelvai, to KacpicoTepco^ Kara^rjvat ev fxeaw kuI €vdv(; LTTTTOv^i fiev ov Tov avvaycopi^ofievoi, ovrco irpoOvpia'i ovBev iXXeuyp^ofiev S' on ^v Be Xd^cofiev vp,et ky^oixeda TOt'9 koI yap rt irdOr^re, p,r] iiroiijaaTe 7)fid<; nrXeov dir ixeda' 48. Sore. Trapeix^Te rjfui> iirirov;, Bok(o/jL€v iK€iVOi irpocreK.daavre'i eKivSwevere, oi)e\civ IxevoL av koX Kivhvr^ixSiv, ^ovXecrde 7rapacrrdTa<} av alcr'xyveadaL oirovirep /xed' avrov'i rjixlv rj/xcov TToXvv fxev (po^ov fjbdXa Sioi, re v/uv irapeao- ttc^oI /jLTj^avrjaofxeOa ol? dv TrapaBoLTjfiev. 50. 'O fikv ouTtw? eXe^ev 'AW' r)/xei<; fiev, o) direKpivavTO- ol Be Kvpe, ovt dvBpaf dva^t^daac/xev dv eVt tovtov<; rovf e'^ofiev ov iTTTrof?, out' el aov ravra /3ovXofievov dXXo dv dvrl rovrwv ypovfieOa. Kal vvv, e e't')(p[iev, TTOiei OTTco^; tjfxei^ T€ (TOL BoKel elvai. Kal e(f)7], Be-^ofiai re, iTTTret^ yevol/j-eOa Kal v/x€l dyadfj TV')(r) BieXoire rd irpSyrov pev ovv Tot? 6eoi^, e^rj, i^aipeire Koivd. 6 Ti dv ^dprj dpicTTOv AXXa 51. ol p,dyot, i^TjyeovTat' eireira Be Kal Ki/a- eKXe^aaOe ottoV dv oXeade avrw p^dXiara •Xapi^eaOai. 52. K.al oc yeXdcravT€ 386 dn' avTuy Cob«t, Edd. ; in' aiiruv xz ; 4n\ ruv 'iiritw D. CYROPAEDIA, IV. v. 47-52 them and with whom you would rather go into danger, if need should be, than with us, offer them If, however, you should wish to have us the horses. as your comrades in preference to others, give them 48. And I have good reasons for asking for to us. just now when you rode on into danger without us, you filled us with apprehension lest something should happen to you and made us very much ashamed because we were not at your side. But if we get the 49. And if horses, we shall follow you next time. more use to you by it seems that we are of fighting with you on horseback, in that case we shall But if it seems that by not fail for want of courage. turning footmen again we could assist to better advantage, it will be o|)en to us to dismount and at once stand by you as foot soldiers and as for the give ; ; horses, we shall manage to find some one to whom we may entrust them." Thus he spoke, and they made answer " Well, Cyrus, we have no men whom we could mount upon these horses and if we had, we should not choose to make any other disposition of them, 50. ; So now," they added, is what you desire. " take them and do as you think best." 51. "Well," said he, "I accept them; may good Hesuggestf fortune attend our turning into horsemen and your ^^)l^ In the first place, set other* dividing the common spoils. apart for the gods whatever the magi direct, as they Next select for interpret the will of the gods. Cyaxares also whatever you think would be most acceptable to him." 52. They laughed and said that they would have to choose women for him. "Choose womeu then/' said he, *'and whatever since this 387 XENOPHON &v T6 BoKT} w ifjboi, eTreiBav vfxlv, S" eKelvu) i^eXrjre, ideKovatov TpKai'Loiy fievovi irdvTa 53. T/i6t9 fTv/jifid^ov<; 8' av, yevo/ji€vov ^e^ovkevadai & €L MrjSoi, Tt/iare i]'^i)(j(iiVTai rovf TovTou tou? Trpcorof? Tovrov 7)fuv ev yevofzevoi. (f>i,\oc veifiare Se ttuvtcov to fiepo<; koX t5> irapa l^va^d- pOV rjKOVTl. aVTM T€ KoX TOl^ pier aVTOV' KOi (TVVft)9 epol rovro avvSoKovv, 8iap,iv€iv Be TrapaKoXecTe, Kva^iipD p,dWov elSco'i irepl eKaarov rd ovra. 54. [Tepcraf? 5', e Kol iva 'nrwyyeLXr] €p,ov, ravra apKecrer koX ydp, €(pr], pd\a ovk ev X^t^fi re6pd/j,p,eda dWd %&)/3fMCTTe tVct)? dv i)poiV KarayeXdaaije, et rt (rKevaa/jL€VQ)v, 7rcB9 rjpLeiii Tt/cw9, ae/xv6v rrdXvv rjp,iv v/jLiv icadr)p.evoi, wa-nep, TreptTeOelr), yeXwTa olpai e<^>;, ol^' on 7rape^op,ev koL eirl rcov ittttcov 8', ecf)rj, koI irri t^? 7^9 Kara- rriirrovTe^;. 55. 'E/K TOVTOV 01 fjtev yaav pdXa eirl rS) liririKcp y€XSiVTe Xov KaXecra^i eKeXevcre rov^ €7rl tt)v 8icdpe<Tiv, 6 he Toi)^ ra^idpX'iT'irov Xap,/3dveiv Kol rd rcov lttttcov aKevrj koI rov rj K^lXCkcov rj 'EX.Xr]vo)v iTodev ^eficacrp^evo^, eK^alveadai. ^ SiaXafielv Edd. 3«8 Hug Mai'chant, GemoU ; rj dXXoOev 57. oi he aKov\afiuv M8S., earlier CYROPAEDIA, else you please. IV. v. And when you 52-57 have made your choice for him, then do you Hyrcanians do all you can to see that all those who volunteered to follow me ha\ e no cause to com2)lain. 53. " to those And do you Medes, in your turn, show honour who first became our allies, that they may think that they have been well advised in becoming our friends. And allot his proper share of everything to the envoy who came from Cyaxares and to those who attended him and invite him also to stay on with us (and give him to understand that this is my pleasure also), so that he may know better the true state of things and report the facts to Cyaxares concerning each particular. 54. As for the Persians with Th« ; said, "what is left after you are amply pro- ^^{^^"".00vided for will suffice for us for we have not been tent with ^^^^ reared in any sort of luxury, but altogether in rustic ^^'^^^ fashion, so that you would perhaps laugh at us, if anything gorgeous were to be put upon us, even as we shall, I know, fiimish you no little cause for laughter when we are seated upon our horses, and, I presume/' he added, "when we fall off upon the ground." 55. Hereupon they proceeded to the division ofxhespoUs the spoil, laughing heartily at his joke about the ""^ di"ded Persian horsemanship, while he called his captains and ordered them to take the horses and the grooms and the trappings of the horses, and to count them off and divide them by lot so that they should each have an equal share for each company. 56. And again Cyrus ordered proclamation to be Cyrus finds made that if there were any one from Media or Persia ?!^^^JP^ or Bactna or Cana or Crreece or an3'where else forced into service as a slave in the army of the Assyrians or SjTiansor Arabians, he should show himself. 57. And me," he ; 389 XENOPHON ttoWoI aavT€ eXeyev on v7ro€peiv av e'X^waiv 58. Kat avrcov Tov 7rpov eiSrj ^ekriarovt; iXevOipov; avTov<; ovra^ Se'qaec oirXa av avTol €(f>r] ra S' eiriTrjheia 6Tra)<; avrat fxekrjaeiv. a'yaiv ev9v Trpo? rot"? (Tvuearrjcrev avTov<;, koI CKeXeucre Ta<; yfri\a<; pba')(aLpa rovrovi Sovvai, UKTirep Kol T0t9 ottci)? e;\;o*'T€? koI rd-mrriheLa TovToi avrov fi€T' Ta^iap')(pv rd re yeppa kuI Ilep(TaL<; "kafi^dveiv, avToix; Se toi'9 d(i>paKa Xirirwv 6')(el(T9ai, koI avro t&p ofiOTLfKov dvO^ avTov eKUCTTOv Kadiardvcu dXXov dp^ovra rwv KaTr}p-)(ev, iirl 8e tol"? Tre^oy? OflOTL/MOV. VI 1. Oi fi€V St; dfi(f)l Tavra eJ^ov. Ta)/3pva<; S' iv TOVTCp irapfjv ^Aaavpio^ 7rpea/3vTT]<; dvrjp TTov cTvv nririKy depaireia' el')(ov e(f)* Xtt- Se Travre? rd icfjLTnrcov oifka. koL ol /xev iirl Ta> rd oifXa irapaXapu^dveiv reraypievoL ixeXevov irapaStSovat rd ^vard, OTTG)? fcaTaxdoiev cocnrep rdXXa. 6 Se Tw^pva<; eLTrev oti Koi oi vTrrjpeTai * irpov<pai>rtaav 390 Kvpov roi/f; Edd. /j,ev ; ^ovXoito Ihelv dXXov; linrea^ avrov Trpcorov Koo{-cr Yi)t^avr) MSS. CYROPAEDIA, when they heard the IV. v. 57-vi. i herald's proclamation, many came forward gladly. And he selected the finest lookmg of them and told them that they should be made free, but that they would have to act as and for carriers of any arms given them to carry their sixstenance he himself, he said, would make ; provision. 58. And so he led them at once to his captains and presented them, bidding his men give them their shields and swords without belts, that they might carry them and follow after the horses. Furthermore, he bade his captains draw rations for them just as for the Persians under him. The Persians, moreover, he bade always ride on horseback with their corselets and lances, and he himself set the example of doing so. He also instructed each one of the newly-mounted officers to app>oint some other peer to take his place of infantry of the peers. command over the VI Meanwhile The arrira) 1. Thus, then, they were occupied. Gobryas, an Assyrian, a man well advanced in years, °^ GobryM came up on horseback with a cavalry escort and they And those who were all carried cavalry weapons. assigned to the duty of receiving the weapons ordered them to surrender their spears, that they might bum them as they had done with the rest. But Gobryas said that he wished to see Cyrus first. Then the officers left the rest of the horsemen there. ; 391 XENOPHON Kvpov. 6 'n 2. S' ft)? TetT^o? KoX iToWri ft)9 dyadb dvrjp ufiwv Kol ovjxaL' qv a'irai rjv wv, Ttjv mv Be 6 ifie (piXtav '^'^^ rjKco Kal ti/xcov irpo'; koi ere aoi i/xavTOv BovXov alTov/xai Tt/j.(opbv &)9 appevwv ifiol Bwutov ae TraiBcov. Kal KaXo'i KayaOo'i, 7rat9 Tijxoiv Tideir], eKeivov Trat? i/moi, BiBcofiL Be elpX rw v^' Kal iralBa ovtco^ fioi fx6vo<; eirdp'^w ^v tw ^tXtai/, eTrel Be eKelvo Kol ce (Tvp-ixa')(^ov, yeviadai' 'Aacrvpto^;' '^(opa'; e^^^tcrrof iKeTr]<; irpocnrLTrTa) tov 7rpo9 Koi TrapeixoP'V^ fidXiaTa' dp'^rjv ey^ei to fiev eyw eh ^aaiXel 'Acrcrvpuov eKeivM elfiL icT'^^vpov XiTTTOv ayovcri Kvpov, eXe^ev mSc elSe tov SeairoTa, iyo) Be KoX e^ft) Tm^pvav rov Be fcareXiTTOv, Si iroi- yap 09 3, BecnroTa, koi warrep av evBaipbova Trarepa tovtov o vvv /3acnXev ovto<; KaXi(TavT0<; tov rore ^aaiXe(o ft)9 BcixTOVTCi Tr)v fiev aTreTre/ji'yfrdfX'rjv OvyaTepa tw fieya tov e/xS TraiBi, eyay (ppovMV oti BrjOev ttj^ /3aaiXeco<; 6vyaTpo<; o-droiixTjv tov e/xov vlov yafxeTtjp' 6 Be vvv ^aai,Xev KaXeaa<; kuI dveh avTW eh TToXv KpeiTTCov avTov 'nnrev'i p,ev ci)9 (f>iX(p Orjpav avTov irapa- d^ipav dva Kpu.TO'i, rjyoviJLevo crvveOrjpa, (paveLcrrj^ Be ft)9 elvai, dpxTOV Bico- KovTe<; dpi^oTepoi, 6 fxev vvv dp-^fov ovTO rjfxapTev, ^aXoDV, 593 ovBev tt)9 pi-rjiroTe BeoVt a>(f>€Xev, 6 KaTa^dXXei B e/xo9 irah ttjv dpKTov. CYROPAEDIA, IV. vi. 1-3 but Gobrvas they conducted to Cyrus. 2. And wlien he saw Cyrus, he spoke as follows " Sire, I am by birth an Assyrian ; I have also a castle, and wide are the domains which I govern. I have also about a thousand horse which I used to put at the disposal of the Assyrian king, and I used to be his most devoted friend. But since he has been slain by you, excellent man that he was, and since his son, who is my worst enemy, has succeeded to his crown, I have come to you and fall a suppliant at your feet. I offer myself to be your vassal and ally and ask that you will be my avenger; and thus, in the only way I may, I make you my son, for I have no male child more. 3. For he who was my son, my only son, a beautiful and brave young man. Sire, and one who loved me and {)aid me the filial reverence that would make a him this present king ^ when father happy ^ the old king, the father of the present ruler, invited my son to his court purposing to give him his daughter in marriage and I let him go ; for 1 was proud that, as 1 flattered myself, I should see my son wedded to the king's daughter then, I say, the man who is now king invited him to go hunting with him and gave him permission to do his best in the chase, for he thought that he himself was a much better rider than my son. And my boy went hunting with him c»s his friend, and when a bear came out, they both gave chase and the present ruler let fly liis javelin but missed. Oh would to God he had not! Then my son threw (as he should not have done) and brought down the bear. — — — — I ^ The grief-stricken father's recital is broken with sobs; the Bentances begun are never finished. S93 His stoty XENOPHON 4. Kac TOT€ fiev hrj avLade\ (TKorov TOP (f)06vov' TV)(pvTO 6 av fxev Tradtov, olfiat Bi<; TOVTM rov dX)C av e/io? Srj ovk6ti KaTtcr^^ei 6 al')(/j,r}v 6 irapd TralSa d^e'iXero rrfv TaXat vsKpov uvtI edayjra tt]\ikovto<; rivo aprt Marrep i^dpov eyevero p,oi Kal Kaycb /juev iKop,iadp,r]v Kal rov 6 he ovre diroXecrafi (f)avepb<; ovre KaraKavwv pera/neXofj^vot dvrl rov rov Kara 7%. irarrjp avrov Kal avvatKrcae fie Kal S?}X,09 epyov ripr] a-)(j96p,ev6t p,ot ry avp(f>opa. dv6a-io<; eiro/xivoov yeveidcrKOvra vvp,(^lov o)v 5. y^v')(rjv. dpicrrou iralha rov dya'mrjTov' TTcoTTore tmv arepva rov povov a/)7racra9, Traicra? et9 to, Oav/xaa-Tov Trait Kal Kara^e^XtjKa Orjpa eKa- i(f)€^r} TepaKit, iv (f)0ovov, ovSep rjixapTev, avda rv^tov rov \eovra Ka\ eltrev, ^Apa /Se- 8' 6 /careipydcraro re ^XrjKa ovro^ Kare(T')(€v vtto Se iraXiv \eovTO o)9 6. KaKov ye firjv '^v crvv- eyto ovv, el fiev ovk av rrore rfkOov 7rpo' errel S' et? rov rov ifiov 7TaiB6 ro eKelvo yrjpa<; Bidyojv. El ovv av Kal eXirLBa rivet Xd^oifii dv rivo fie Be'^ec r(p (f)i\a> TraiBl rifici)pia 394 CYUOPAEDIA, IV. ri. 4-7 that man was vexed, to be sure, as but covered his jealousy in darkness. But when again a Hon ajipeared, he missed again. There was nothing remarkable in that, so far as I can see but again a second time my son hit his mark and killed the hon and cried, ' Have I not thrown twice in succession and brought an Then that villain no The murder animal down each time longer restrained his jealous wrath but, snatching °^ ^'^ •**• a spear from one of the attendants, smote him in the breast my son, my only, well-loved son and took away his life. 5. And I, unhappy I, received back a corjise instead of a bridegroom, and, old man that I am, I buried with the first down upon his cheeks my best, my well-beloved son. But the murderer, as if he had slain an enemy, has never shown any repentance, nor has he, to make amends for his wicked deed, ever deigned to show any honour to him beneath the earth. His father, however, expressed his sorrow for me and showed that he sympathized with me in my affliction. 6. And so, if he were living, I should never have come to you in a way to do him harm for I have received many kindnesses at his hands and I have done him many services. But since the sceptre has passed on to the murderer of my son, I could never be loyal to him and I am sure that he would never regard me as a friend. For he knows how I feel toward him and how dark my life now is, though once it was so bright ; for now I am forsaken and am spending my old age in sorrow. 7. " If, therefore, you will receive me and I may find some hope of getting with your help some vengeance for my dear son, I think that I should find my youth again and, if I live, I should no longer 4. it And then proved, ; ! ' — — 395 XENOPHON eVi aicr'xyvoifir)v ovre aTTodutja-Kfov dvLoofievo^ av TeXevrav Sokq). 8. 'O fiev ovT(o Aw irep \eyeis irpo^ Tt/JLwp'qcreiv crot re iKeTrjv r]fia^, 8e')(o/jLai rov ere Koi iraiho'i criiv deoli v'ina')(yov[juii. Xi^ov Be ixot, €(f>r}, edv aot ravra irocMfiev koX ra T€LXV <^^ ^X^'-^ eMfJ£V KoX Tr)V ')((!opaV KOl TCL OTrXtt Koi TTjv Svva/jLCv 7]V7rep irpbcrdev elye avTi rovTOiv V7rrjper)](rei<;; 9. Se elire, Ta /zey r€[)(r], orav e\0r])pa O wp,T}v t& vvv vvv Be avTi) re poi T) dvydrrjp TroWd yocopevy] iKerevae pyj Bovvai avrrjv tu> tov dBeX<pov (povei, eyd) re rhcrauTWi, yiyvoocTKO). vvv Be aot BlBcop-i ^ovXevaaadai koi •nepX Tavrr)<; outpai. 10. OvTco Br} 6 KOjOo? elirev, 'Etti Toyrot?, e^?;, ey(i) d\7]devop,€Voi<; BiBcofxi act rrjv epijv Kol \aptjBt} atpaia, fjv iyco TtpocrOev p-ev ^aaCkevovTt yvvalica Tpe^eiv j3dv(i) TTjv arjv Be^cdv deoi S' rjplv p,dpTvp€<; earcov. 'ETrel Se ravra eirpd'xOr}, dmevai re KeXevet rov Vco^pvav eyovra rd oirXa Kal eTr/jpero Troarj ri avptov 11. Oyxft) 396 avrov irj^ frpcp, rfj Br) eirj, &> rj^wv. o B^ eXeyev, *Hi' krepa dv avXi^oio rrap ovTO-)(ero rjyepova rjplv. KaraXi- CYROPAEDIA, IV. vi. 7-1 shame and if I die, I think that I should die without a regret." 8. Thus lie spoke; and Cyrus answered : " Well, Cyrus and Gobryas, if you prove tliat you really mean all ^teT that you say to us, I not only receive you as a compact suppliant, but promise you with the help of the gods to avenge the murder of your son. But tell me," said he, " if we do this for you and let you keep your castle and your province and the power which live in ; you had before, what service for that " will you do us in return } " The castle," he answered, " I will give you your quarters when you come the tribute of the province, which before I used to pay to him, I will pay to you and whithersoever you march I will march with you at the head of the forces of my province. Besides,"said he, " I have a daughter, a maiden wellbeloved and already ripe for marriage. I used once to think that I was rearing her to be the bride of the present king. But now my daughter herself has besought me with many tears not to give her to her brother's murderer; and I am so resolved myself. And now I leave it to you to deal with her as I shall prove to deal with you." 10. "According as what you have said is true," Cyrus then made answer, " I give you my right hand and take yours. The gods be our witnesses." WTien this was done he bade Gobryas go and keep his arms ; he also asked him how far it was to his place, for he meant to go there. And he said " If you start to-morrow early in the morning, you would spend the night of the second day with us." 11. With these words he was gone^ leaving a guide 9. for ; ; 397 XENOPHON oi irdiyv. M^Sot Sk a iraprjcrav, ^ ol fiev fidr/oi e(f)aaav TOt<; 6€ot<; e^eXelv, airohQVTe Kvpo) S' i^rjprjKore^i rijv KaXkccrTrjv aKTjvrjP Kol XovaiSa yvpatKa, r] KaXkl<mf) 8r] \e 769, ci)9 /JLrjBevb^ ivBeofievoL arpaTevoiVTar irnvra 'yap rjv irdXKa. 1 2. TlpocreXa^ov Be koI 'Tp/cdvtot, wv eBeovro' e7roLt]aav Kal top irapd laofioipop Be dyyeXov Td Be Ki^po) irapeBoaav, Be irepLTrdfi ft)? € v6p.i(Tfia a-Krjvd 39S ^aav rot? 11 epcrat? d'jrav BiaB(oaeiv' Kal BteBcoKav. » K.va^dpov ocrai & Stephanas, £dd.; ri MSS. to avWe'^dfj, CYROPAEDIA, IV. vi. 11-12 behind. And then the Medes came in, after they How vb» had delivered to the magi what the magi had ^^^^"^ And they directed them to set apart for the gods. had selected for Cyrus the most splendid tent and the lady of Susa, who was said to be the most beautiful woman in Asia, and two of the mos' accomplished music-girls and afterward they hai They had also selected for Cyaxares the next best. supplied themselves with such other things as they needed, so that they might continue the campaign in want of nothing ; for there was an abundance of everything. 12. And the Hyrcanians also took what they wanted and they made the messenger from Cyaxares share alike with them. 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