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ceraeaa a a nnnrrex co CHhI II enn. KJIeCT MOJKeT nonac HyTh na umrmce II BhIKJIeBhIBaTh na nee cexrena, a MOJKeT II copsa-n, rrrnnncy, nepenecr a ee B y,n;06Hoe ,n;JIJI ce6JI MeCTO II zto 6hIBaTh cesrena TaM. 06llTaIOT KJIeCThI-eJIOBllKll llCKJIIO tIllTeJIhHO B eJIOBhIX H COCHOBhIX .necax , rzte II BhIBO,n;JIT
,n;06hIBaTh
rrOTOMCTBO. 8Ta rrTlltIKa He 60llTCJI XOJIO,n;OB, ee rrTeHII;hI MoryT rrOJIBJIJIThCJI II B MOP03HYIO 3llMy, II JIeTOM.
CB~P~CTEJ1b
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.
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-
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Caapacrern, oxpainen npenxry B rcpacuoaaro-cepsrii II;BeT, a cpe,n;HJIJI ero nnnaa COCTaB JIJIeT 20 CM. Cnapncre.m, rrpezmo-m ru;eCTBeHHO
raer CeJIllThCJI B XBO:HHhIX cesepnsrx .necax,
XOTJI B
xo.noztasre
JKeT OTKOtIeBhIBaTh K
3liMhI MO
rory.
JIeToM
cnapac're.ns naraerca xoraaparan, a 3llMO:H noeztaer
arozrsr . Caapnc
r,n;e
TeJIh (ll caMII;hI, li caenca) naztaror
.: a ",iH II nacerco
urrmarrryro rpens, nepexoztanryro CBliCT. Caapacram, JIerKO npassncaer K HeBOJIe, a yxcnn
.. K OT Op h I :H 060 '::- "~...r e ,
KaJKeTCJI,
B
.CT H tIH O aaxia
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penne .n.eJIaIOT ero ll.n.eaJIhHO:H
~,
3Ta 3aMa3Ka
aao rrp OtIH O:H.
rrTllII;e:H .n.JIJI coztepacarraa no Ma B KJIeTKe.
19
Y3HA~ MViP
KEAPOBKA Keztponxa -
n pezrcraaarem, CeMeH:CTBa BOpOHOBblX . .IJ:pyroe aaasanae 3TOH: rrTWIKli - OpeXOBKa. rJIaBHa.H nama rcezrpoaxa - OpeIIIKli, OTCIO,n;a li naaaanne, orpa malOI.I.J;ee ee a rcyconsre n penn ov r en na. O,n;HaKO rcenpoarcv BrrOJIHe ycrpaanaror li meJIy,n;li, ceraena XBOH:HblX, .HrO,n;bl P.H6liHbl li 60.HpblIIIHliKa, "'lepBli, nacercoxrsre. B OKpaCKe 3TOH: OTHOCliTeJIbHO xpyrrnofi rrTliIJ;bl (B ,n;JIliHy OHa n o c'rnraer 3 6 CM) n peotinaaaer TeMHo-6YPblll II;BeT. Kezt pOBKa npezmo-rarae-r XBOH:Hble .neca , r,n;e pacryr li xenpsr. I'n eazta xeztponxn npezmo-raraior CTPOliTb B r.ny xnx xanrofiax . ::ha rrnrna rrepaomorecxa 3liMOll ycrpan aae'r rrepe.nersr B rreca Banaznroii Espoma, HO TaM xezrposxa He n pnxcanaerca li scrcope ncxeaae-r ,n;o c.nezry lOI.I.J;eH: MlirpaII;lili. l1Anl1AHACK~l1 nOAOPO>KH~K
8Ta rrnrna li3 CeMeH:CTBa OBC.HHKOBblX liMeeT xepayrc rOJIOBKy, B OCTaJIbHOM me y nee npeofinaztaer pxcano 6ypoe onepemre C qepHblMli n .HTHaMli. ,UJIliHa nozto poacnmca - OKOJIO 16 CM . Jl arrnaaztcrcnfi noztopoacamc otiaraer B Ty H,n;p e - ero MomHO scrpe-nrn, li B Cxanna naann, li B CeBepHOH: Catiapn . JIliIIIb B casrsre cyponsre MeC.HII;bl nonopoxcaax nepece.naerca B 60JIee Ten JIble
Keop061W
20
- eCTa HO -
eraer. 6era a
nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
MeCTa, HO roxcnee cpezraeii rrOJIOCbI npaxr asecxa He BOpOHOBbIX.
I'naanaa R33B a H l1 e , orpa BR a .
"::'H aK O Ke~pOBKY "''''iiH bI X , HrO~bI
B
e.
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aa
Ilonopoacamc O~llHaKOBO XOpOlIIO II JIeTaeT, fier-aer. IIpllqeM OH He npsrraer, KaK aopofien , a nepe c'rynae'r C nor-a na nor-y. XOTH necaa nonopoacnmca Co CTOllT scero ll3 O,D;HOH CTPOCPbI, na CJIyx OHa ~OBOJIbHO npasrrna. JIeToM IIO,D;OpOmHllK rraraerca nacexorasrwra, ~~ a 3llMOH IIepeXO~I1T na cexreaa pacreuaii. JIeTaeT. II
.=: ':"'l lIHy OHa ~O. -'" IJ;BeT. Kek
r.re pac'ryr
JI an.naniic IWU
11
nOOOpOJICHUK:
r.ny ycrpan
P OIlT b B · -~.fOii
bI ,
er
HO
IIyHo1[K:a
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-
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Ilyao-nca -
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OHa 06bIqHO B TYH~pe, a na 3llMy cnycxaerca B 60JIee
nnrpor-sr. I'neszta nyao-nor YCTpallBaIOT B pacce CKaJI II na fieperoasrx ofipsraax TyH,D;pbI, rrTeHIJ;OB
IOmHbIe JIllHaX
BbIKapMJIllBaIOT KOMapaMH,
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B
He~OCTaTKa
B KOTOpbIX B
cpenueii rro.noce 3'1'11 IITl1qKH
IIO.ffBJI.ffIOTC.ff TOJIbKO C HacTyIIJIeHlleM
XOJIO~OB,
rcorna
BbIIIa~eT IIepBbIH cner. He CJIyqaHHO HX B HeKOTopbIX paaonax POCCHll Ha3bIBaIOT caerypxaraa.
21
Y3HA~ Ml'IP
CTEHonA3
BOPOH
CTeHOJIa3a (cexrefi
XOT.H rcpmc BOpOHa Ha3BaTh necneii TPYP;HO, OH OTHO CIITC.H K I10P;OTp.HP;y I1eB"tJIIX I1TIIl(.
BOPOH -
CaMhIll
KPYIlHhIll I1pep;CTaBIITeJIh pozta BOpOHOBhIX, OH p;OCTIIra er B P;JIIIHy
66 CM.
BOPOH IIMeeT OP;HOToHHoe "tJepHoe one
CT BO I1IIm:YXOBhIe) ~ 3 H a e III h cpaay. rJIaBH Oe e r o OTJIII"tJIIe OT zrpyr- n x
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. 1:e llc TBY I1TIIl( -
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K p y r JI h I ll , a na KOH e
XIIm:HIIKOM. OH narraner na ztpyrnx I1TIIl( II aaepen , Ero
OCT P h I ll II "tJyTh aara ' -
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16
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16
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OH CXBaThIBa
er HX CB OllM ,ll;JIHHHhIM KJIIOBOM IIpHMO co CKaJIhI. JIOBHT ,n;06hItIy CTeHOJIa3 H B IIOJIeTe.
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II'l'HtIKa HMeeT CKpOMHyIO oxpacrcy H aefiom.nme paarae
psr -
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16
CM. rHe3,ll;HTCH xercaa na paaannax II XOJI
MHCThIX .nyrax IIO Bcerr TeppHTopHH EBpOIIhI, a 3HMyeT B TpOIIHtIeCKOrr
7
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erne 6eCIIOMoru;HhI H OKOJIO Tpex nezte.m, po,n;HTeJIH IIPO ,n;OJI.iKaIOT 3a60THThCH 0 HHX.
23
Y3HAH MHP
KAMEHKA KaMeHKa -
STO CTpOMHaH rrTJPIKa H3 CeMeMCTBa
.n;P03.n;OBbIX C KJIIOBOM, rrOXO.IKHM aa IlIHJIbIJ;e. ,I:(JIHHa rca MeHKH -
no
16
CM. KaMeHKa 06bIKHoBeHHaH HMeeT H
.n;pyroe Ha3BaHHe
-
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nec-ransrx nvcrsmax.
KaMeHKH XOpOIliO 6e
npofieacex rrrronca aanpsrr-anae-r aa KaKYIO-HH6y.n;b KOtI rcy HJIH rcaraynrerc rronsnne H ztenaer «rrOKJIOHbI »: TO onycxaer, TO nonnnraaer XBOCT H rOJIOBy. JIeTaeT rca
raIOT. IIocJIe HeCKOJIbKHX KOpOTKHX OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH,
MeHKa HH3KO Ha.n; 3eMJIeM. IIecHH KaMeHKH xaparcrepa
xpnnaraa.
ayerca CBHCTHIIJ;HMH 3ByKaMH, IIJ;eJIKaHbeM H IIHTaeTcH OHa HaceKOMbIMH.
nYCTblHHblH CHEn1Pb IIYCTbIHHbIM BbIOpKOBbIX.
cner-npr,
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BCTpetIaeTCH
OH
B
K
ceMeMcTBy
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Kl1TaH, rne 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 CeJIHTCH B ropax 'IyTh
Hl1.iKe aJIhIIl1HCKOH 30HhI. 311MOH 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 cIIycKaIOT
CH BH113 11 zrepacarca y fieper-on 6ypHhIX pexex. I'neazto 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 JII06.HT CTPOl1Th IIO,n; aoztonanaran, xyzta IIpO Hl1KHYTb MO.iKHO TOJIhKO CKB03h TOJII.IJ;y BO,n;bI. IIpoIIl1Ta mre 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 ,n;06hIBaIOT B nozte, BhIJIaBJIl1BaH BO,n;HhIX 6ecII03BOHO'IHbIX 11 paCTeHl1.H.
CAKCAynbHASI COHKA CaKcaYJIhHa.H cOHKa (ceraeiicruo BOPOHOBhIX) 0611Ta e-r B IIyCTbIH.HX OT ApaJIbCKOrO MOpH zto T116eTa. 8Ta rrrmra l1MeeT ,n;JIl1Hy zto COHKl1 -
25
CM. OKpaCKa carccaym.noii
IIeIIeJIbHO-Cepa.H, a .iKl1BeT STa IITl1IJ,a na 3eM
JIe cpezm CKy,n;HOH paCTl1TeJIhHOCTl1.
B
soaztyx STa COH
25
Y3HAH M~P
rca noznrasraerca peznco, a nor o rey II llMeeT OT HOCllTenbHO ManeHbKlle .n;n Ji CBOllX pa3MepOB KPbWbJi - .n;nllHoM Bce ro orco.no 12 CM. JIeToM B ee pauao a BXO.n;JiT na cexoxrsre, a 3llMOM OHa
nepexorra-r aa pact-a TenbHYIO mnrry.
CHHSISI nTHLI,A
Cnnaa m-ana npnnaztneaca'r K ceMeMCTBY .n;P03.n;OBbIX II rrOSTOMY BHeIJlHe narroraaaaer zrpoana, HO OTnll"LlaeTCJi OT Hero fiorree .n;nllHHbIM XBOCTOM II TeMHo-qmoneTOBOM: oKpaCKOM: CnllnOBbIM OTTeHKOM. ,IJ;nllHa CllHeM: m-mrsr rrpntinaaare.nsno 35 CM. BO.n;llTCJi OHa B ropnsrx YI.I.J;enbJiX, r.n;e ecrr, He oxem, r-ycrsre aapocrm ztepenses llnll KYCTOB, npezmomn-aa nepacarr.ca B6nll3ll BO.n;bI. Tlpou.aramre CllHJiJi m-ana .n;o6bIBaeT B sozte, asmaannaaa n ll"LlllHOK II BO.n;HbIX HaceKOMbIX. I1 TeHIJ;bI rrOJiBnJiIOTCJi na CBeT B Mae , a B KOHIJ;e llIOHJi yxce noxnnaior rneana .
26
"iEBblH AYE
llECHbIE, nOllEBbIE, CTEnHbIE, rOPHblE
= ':;.::IHIIM a e T C5I peznco,
APLtEBbU1 AY60HOC
- - My II IIMeeT OT ApqeBbI:H ,n;y60HOC (ce
iI b H O MaJIeHbKlle B OlI X
-"0,:10
paaxrepon
~JIHHO:H BCe
- H -
12
CM. JIeToM
IIOH BXO,n;51T e, a AUT - : -10
na
3HMO:H OHa na
paCTH
n n rny .
MeMCTBO BbIDpKOBble) 3epH05l~Ha51
IITHIl,a C xa
parcrepa srre
~JI5I TaKOI1:
CIIeIl,HaJIbHOCTH KJIIDBOM. ApqeBbIM ~y60HOC mrre pecen TeM, qTO IIHTaeTC5I IIOqTH UCKJIIDqHTeJIbHO ceMeHaMH apnn (STO TaKOM Bll~ MOmmeBeJIbHllKa), a IIOTOMy II ofiaraer TaM, rzre STO pacrenne BCTpeqaeTC5I -
B
apnensrx
.necax
Cpezmeii
H
IJ;eHTpaJIbHOM A3llH. ___ii c r n y ~P03~OBbIX
_-J.:a, HO
OTJIHqaeTC5I
rPALt
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ropn srx
ynie.n b51X ,
sse a llJIH KyCTOB, b I. IIpOIIHTaHHe ; - ~m B a51
JIllqUHOK H
HID T C5I na CBeT B
raeazta .
(ceMeMCTBO BOpOHOBbIX) -
6JIH3KllM poztcrsen
HHK BOpOHbI, HO OTJIHqaeTC5I OT nee 60JIee CTpOMHbIM CJIOmeHHeM.
Y
rpana y~JIllHeHHbIM KJIIDB, a B oIIepeHHH
rrpeofinaziae'r qepHbIM Il,BeT. ,IJ;JIllHa STOM IITHIl,bI -
50
zto
CM. I'pa-m BO~51TC5I rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B cpezmeii IIO
JIOce, XOT5I BCTpeqaIDTC5I H na cenepe, II na rore. COTHll TbIC5Iq STllX IITllIl, na 3HMY IIepeJIeTaIDT B CeBepHyID
Adipmcy.
,IJ;JI5I rrepe.nera OHH co6IIpaIDTC5I B
orpowasre
craa. I'neazra rpa-m BbIDT na ztepesr.ax B aaropozm srx ponrax HJIH ropoztcrcnx cazrax. I'pax, KaK II nopona, MO meT IIOMMaTb MOJIO~Oro 3aMqOHKa llJIH rcyponarrcy, HO see me IIHTaeTC5I rJIaB HbIM 06pa30M HaceKOMbIMll H IIOJIeBbIMH MblIIIaMI1, y JII1TKaMI1.
27
Y3HA~ MHP
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cpennex 33
y raJIKII TeMHoe, na CIIHHe -
CM. OIIepeHIIe na JI6y H rOJIOBe ceposaroe. I'amca Hepe,ZJ;KO CO
ce,ZJ;CTByeT C LIeJIOBeKOM II ycrpaaaaer ce6e rHe3,ZJ;a IIO,ZJ;
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47
Y3HA~ MViP
AEPEBEHCKASI llACTOlJKA I Ipe,n;CTaBMTeJIM cewreiicrna JIaCTO'IeK (IIO,n;OTpa,n; IIeB'IMe) OTJIM'IaIOTCa M3a:r.u;HhIMM c)JOpMaMM.
Xapaxreprrsrra
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6
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I IPMBhI'IHbUl
poznra zmrcoro roPOACKASI llACTOlJKA I'opoztcxaa JIaCTO'IKa HeCKOJIhKO OT JIM'IaeTCa OT cnoeji ,n;epeBeHcKoll COIIJIeMeHHMI..J,~.
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60JIee KOPOTKMll XBOCT, M BhleMKa B HeM He raxaa rvry 60Kaa, KaK y ztepeaeacxoji. ,IJ;JIMHa ropoztcxoii JIaCTO'IKM acero
14
CM. Ha 3I1MY roponcrcne JIaCTO'IKI1 yJIeTaIOT
B TeIIJIhle xpaa, a JIeTOM yCTpaMBaIOT CBOM r-aeazia na
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cepzme 3aXO,n;IITCJI OT BOCTOpra, xorna OHII BII,n;JIT rOJIy6eH B rrozrere -
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CM, a paasrax ee KpbIJIbeB -
Kpa1.JKa rJIaBHbIM
06pa30M
60JIee
MeJIKHMH pbI6KaMH H ,n;pyrMMH 06HTaTeJIHMH MHpa.
x m an.
CeJIHTCH Kpa1.JKH aa 60JIOTaX,
I'neaaa CTpOHT na K01.JKax.
60
CM.
HaceKoMbIMM,
nozororo
B IIO:HMaX perc.
IITeHIJ;bI zio.aro OCTaIOTCH IIpH
po,n;HTeJIHX, 'rpefiya 0'1' HHX rcopsra zraxce rorzra, reorzia YMeIOT JIeTaTb. 06HTaeT xepaaa rcpaxrca B cpezmeii IIO JIOce POCCHH, a
na
3HMY
nepefiapaerca
B TeIIJIble rcpaa.
63
Y3HAVI MHP
PEL.tHASl KPAL.tKA
Y
peqHoA
MHOmeCTBO 3BBHHA -
KOPMllTCH STO T :
KpaqKH
zrpyr-ax aa
pbI60JIOB, :r.u;e
6epHHIra, BbIOIIIa•.• 06pa3 mH3HH OHa me, KaK H
nener
TaKoA
zrpyrae rcpa-ncn,
npauan.neacanrae
K
OT
pH,IJ;y qaeK. OTJIHqaeTCH
B BO,lJ;y rro 6pIO X O
xpyr rOJIoBoA II JIHK 6bICTpO 6er.-" _"
rrorpyxcen
B BO
-.
POCCHH KyJIH K- : :
CH B cesepasrx F HarrpaBJIHeTCH
~
B
i :
A3HIO.
pe-nraa xpaxxa OT HHX rJIBBHbIM 06pa30M paCI.J;BeTKOA one corny'rsrra KJIIOBOM. ,n;JIHHa 3TOA
peHHH H KOpOTKHM qyTb
40 CM, a paaraax ee KpbIJIbeB Pexaaa xpa-nca CeJIHTC.H B rrpHrrOJIHpHbIX
rrTHI.J;bI -
80
CM.
OKOJIO
60JIee 30Hax.
BeJIOXBOCTaH
rca
H3 ceMeAcTB a
JIHKH).
L.tH6HC
pxcanox
ceraeiicr
H3 OTp.H,IJ;a KyJIHKOB.
35 CM. Ofiaraer Esporre OT IIpHrroJIH
,n;mIHa qll6HCa -,IJ;O OH rrOBCIO,IJ;y B
pssr
,lJ;JI n
IIHraJIHI.J;a -
1.IH6HC rrpHH8)J;JIemHT K By
Ee
,lJ;0 3aKBBKa3bH. 1.IH6HC
ncerzta
CTBeHHO B porry.
aa
p"
I0 7 3:
Arpp n
.~
Bcrpexae
HHmHeA BOR I'
I.J;eJIbIMH
coorim
03ep. IIHTaIOTcH _
rroncxax rrmmr OH 06blqHO npotieraer OKOJIO MeTpa, OCTaHBBJIllBaeTC.H aa o,lJ;HoA
CeJIHTC.H B6JIH3H BO,lJ;bI. B
nore,
BbIT.HHyB
zrpyryro
Ha38)J;. B
'ra
KoA nose OH OCMaTpHBaeT ace BO xpyr-, II ecrra He HaXO,lJ;llT HllqerO C'be,lJ;06HOrO, zienae'r CJIe,lJ;YIO:r.u;yIO nepeoeacxy. IIHTaeTcH qll6HC qepB.HMH, yJIHT KaMH II BO,lJ;HHbIMll HaceKOMbIMH.
Kynaaae
,lJ;JIH qH6llCa
HaCYII.J;HaH norpeonocrr., II zte.nae'r OH 3TO HeCKOJIbKO paa B
ztem.,
IIepeB03qHK
pxcaaox. B
EB
pacrrpOCTpaHeHH
•
B03qHK scrpexae OTMeJIHX peK.
OH
He06xo,lJ;HMOCTII H t-r-· ~ -. CTpO rpetier rro . CaMKa CTpOHT
a ea z
6eperax HJIH B
KYI1HK-110nATEHb KYJIllK-JIOrraTeHb OTJIllqaeTC.H OT zrpyr-ax KyJIllKOB CBOllM aeotism HbIM KJIIOBOM, rro rpopxre aanoran HaIO:r.u;HM
He60JIbIIIyIO
JIOrraTKy.
B
KJIa,lJ;Ke nepea
B paI.J;HOH ero BXO':
"
Bll H sonasre aac e xc orraCHOCTH nepes perreraer C O,lJ;HO roii H 06paTHo.
6e
~
BOAH blE nn11..\bl "'''U''U1 'lol
KPAI.fKA
H OH
KOPMl1TCH STOT KyJIIltIOK,
KpatIKl1
zrp y r-a x na -
p h I 6 0 JI OB , r.u;e blOw a ••• 06pa3
nezter TaKOH zpyrae xpa-nca, _
:e:~ a r.u; H e
ex .
K
OT-
OTJIHtIaeTCH
aaxozra
B BOP;y no 6plOXO H onHCbIBaH nOJIy
xpyr rOJIOBOH
H
nreejr.
IIpH STOM KY
JIHK 6bICTpO 6eJKHT, a KJIIOB y Hero
norpyacen
B BOP;Y. Ha
repparopaa
POCCl1l1 KyJIHK-JIOnaTeHb rHe3p;HT CH B
cenepnsrx
HanpaBJIHeTCH
KpaHX, a 3HMOBaTb B
IOro-BoCTOtIHylO
A3HIO.
I:U3e T K OH one
.'" ,1];Ju,m a n eB -
5EJ10XBOCTASI
nOH
60JIee
- - - -pH bI X 30Hax.
BeJIOXBOCTaH IIIUaJIH:o;a -
rca H3
S ,.1a
-
KyJIHKOB.
35 CM . 06HTaeT
::e OT IIpHnoJIH
-= ;:. -
LfII6 11c Bcerp;a
nTH'I
CeMeHCTBa pJKaHOK (OTpHp; KY
JIHKl1).
~IT K ceMeHcT
m1rAm1~
Ee
p;JIl1Ha
zto 30
-
CM.
Ilnramma - IOJKHaH rrnrna. OHa 0611TaeT npeaxryure CTBeHHO B Arppmce, XOTH, CJIytIaeTCH, 3aJIeTaeT H B EB pony. BCTpetIaeTCH 6eJIOXBOCTaH rrarannna H B CTenHX aa HHJKHeH BOJIroH. fHe3p;HTCH nHraJIl1:O;hI napaxra l1JIH :o;eJIhIMH co06r.u;eCTBaMH B6JIH3H 60JIOT H: na 6eperax oaep. IIl1TalOTCH MeJIKHMl1 6ecn03BOHOtIHhIMl1.
. B noncxax
raer 'CH na
OP;HOH
- ~~ H a 3 a,ZJ; . B
ra
aer see
BO
- H oro ,
zrenaer
p B H M l1 , yJIH:T
Co
2.."lH tIH6HCa H
nEPEB031.f~K
OKOJIO
zte.naer
- BAe H b .
IIepeB03tIl1K pJKaHOK. B
pacnpocrpaaennsrx
,1
aeofisrx
e HanOMH JI On a T K y .
perc. OH
He06xop;l1MOCTH CTpO
nsrpaer
H
oxear,
3apOCJIHX
6bI
H:BHHKa.
KJIap;Ke nepeB03tIH:Ka p;o
4
B pa:O;110H ero BXOP;HT JIHtIHHKH, BH 11
nozrasre aacercorasre. B
HH:O;.
-rep
c.nynae
onaCHOCTH nepeB03tIHK 6bICTpO ne pe.neraer C OP;HO 6epera pexn aa zrpy rOH H 06paTHo.
ceMeHCTBa H3
casn,rx
CM. IIepe 6eperax H
6bICTpO JIeTaeT Ha,ll; caMOH BOP;OH, a
rpefier nozt BOP;OH KPbIJIhHMH. rneano na necvam,rx HJIH: B
ozma
no 21 na necuansrx
nTH:O;. ,IJ;JIl1Ha ee -
CaMKa CTpOl1T
B • .rUfl-I a e T CH OT
npencrana-rem,
B03tIHK BCTpetIaeTCH nOBCIOp;y OTMeJIHX
6eperax
~
er.u;e OP;l1H
EBponeHCKOH POCCl1l1 STO
npn
Y3HA~ MViP
ABAOT
MOPOAYHKA MOpO,D;yHKa -
HhIX CBJI3eH aB,D;O . :
1.IaeTCJI
TOJIOrOB HeT e,D;U H •
3arHYThIM
rcsepxy
11 KperrKMMI1 HOraMI1.
HI1.>KHJIJI CTopOHa y
,IJ;JII1Ha rrTM:U;hI -
,D;O
22
KJIIOBOM
Cnepxy
llpe06JIa,D;aeT rrerreJIhHOe a
y
Hee
OrrepeHI1e,
C
O,D;HOH CTOpOHhl .
6JII13Ka K KyJIlIRaM . nee MHoro
__
rrpr .
MOpO,D;yHKI1 6eJIaJI.
y
CM. MOPO,D;yHKI1 ce
paBJIeo6pa3HhIX.
AR..:
JIJITCJI B rvazrpe, a na 3I1MY ,D;OJIeTaIOT ,D;O
Ad»
CeJIJIIOT .>KapKI1e II _
pI1KI1 11 IO.>KHoH A3I1I1.
Mae
CTpaHhI, a B POCCIIP.
IIpI1JIeTeB B
B MeCTa rHe3,D;OBaHI1JI, MOpO,D;yHKI1 060py,D;y IOT rneazta,
OTHOCI1TeJIh H O
6JII13KHH pO,D;CTBeH
HI1K rrepeB031.IMKa. 8Ta rrTI11.IKa OTJIM
nsrpsmaa
B 3eMJIe JIMKI1. MOpO,D;yHKI1 npezmo
fiorarr.rx
MO.>KHO BCTpeTIITh : JII1Ka fiarpoaoro , K
BO,D;OH noiiraax perc, r'zie 06a
3hIBaroT rrpocTO aB_ _
pO,D;I1TeJIJI noneperaenao BhICI1.>KI1BaIOT rrTeH:U;OB. III1ru;a
MI1 I1MeHaMI1. CB e . .
1.II1TaIOT CeJII1ThCJI B
MOpO,ll;yHOK -
rrpeI1Myru;eCTBeHHO BO,D;Hhle HaceKOMhle.
nepsa C -repao-tiyp :U;hI
60pOBOH KyJII1K. OT CBOMX cotipa'rses OH OTJII11.IaeTCJI 60JIee STOH rrTH:U;hI 01.IeHh fio.m.nnre
r.naaa 11 MHoro HMeH: paraii, 30pHMK, BaJIhIIIHJI, IIIa6aIII rca ... ,IJ;JII1Ha narn.nnnrerra -
OKOJIO
32
ryIIIKaMI1
11 M h I
KyJII1KOB, aB,D;OTK a . . BhICI1.>KHBaeT rrTeHII HYB,rrOKI1,D;aroTrH
Banszmmen,
JIll yHOCJIT CKOp.
rrmna JIeCHaJI.
rrpI1BJIeKaTh K He.
CM.
B OTJII11.II1e OT 60JIhIIIHHCTBa KyJIHKOB, 06JIaCTh ero pacnpocrpaaeaaa -
' .
IOTCJI aB,D;OTKI1 1.Ie
BaJIh,D;IIIHerr (OTpJI,ll; KyJII1KOB) MMeeT 11 ztpyroe I1MJI
Y
45 C
HO OHa MO.>KeT 01.Ie Hh
BAllbAWHEIl
KpyrrHhIMI1 paaraeparan.
OKOJIO
rrpaKTI11.IeCKI1 BCJI cpezr
HJIJI norroca POCCI1I1. BaJIh,D;IIIHerr -
m-ana CKphITHaJI 11
OCTOpO.>KHaJI. OHa orraCaeTCJI rrepeJIeTOB 1.Iepe3
orrcpsrrsre
rrpOCTpaHCTBa, a rrOCJIe rrOCa,D;KI1 cpaay xce
rrpI1.>KI1MaeTCJI K
OJIJIllKI1 (nozt
3eMJIe. KaK 11 BCe KY
BO,D;JIHOH ,ll;pO 3,D; , B _ -
JII1KOBhle, narrsnrmrerr
pen I1JII1 BO,ll;JIHOll '"
npezmoum-ae-r BJIam
rrTI11.IKa BO,D;I1TCH B _
n sie
ThIX BO,D;OH. OJIJIll K
Y1.IaCTKM
neca,
06
60JIOTa. III1TaeTcJI OH
Ma Heo6hI1.IHhIH
JII11.II1HKaMI1,
OHa MO.>KeT nepefi e :
nacerco
MhIMI1, BhITaCKI1BM I1X 113 3eMJII1 C
rronoursro
,D;JII1HHOrO KJIIOBa.
66
Y
ecrr, eru;e HeCKO iIh •
HJIM xepea pyqerl , a :: r-nyfiorcor'o
MeCT a.
aa ,D;HO 11 6emI1T 1I
-
BOAH blE nn1l...lbl
KA
ABAOTKA
:: Z 3KIIH pO~CTBeH a IIT 11q K a OT JI11 s aep x y
KJIIOBOM
. Cs epx y y nee
pO~CTBeH
OTHOC11TeJIhHO
HhIX cBH3eH aB,ll;OTK11 y OpH11 TOJIOrOB HeT e,ll;11HOrO MHeH11H. C
O~HOH CTOpOHhI, 3Ta
rrrnna
OrrepeH11e,
6JII13Ka K KyJIMKaM, a C.n;pyroH
LJ;Y H K 11 6eJIaH.
nee MHoro rrp113HaKOB JRY paaneofipaam.rx. AB~OTK11 na CeJIHIOT JRapK11e 11 yraepeum.re
- ~ - ~H o e
• _ .lopo~Y H K11 ce - ':O.l: e T a lOT ~O
Arp
y
~ pUJl:e T e B B Mae
CTpaHhI, a B POCC1111 113 aB,ll;OTOK
ofiopyzry
MOJRHO BCTpeT11Th TOJIhKO KY
_~ y~ .:{)TJI K 11
n:Y H K 11 npezmo peK, r~e o6a
___x
e H IJ;OB . IT11ru;a
a acercc sn.re.
~ :.. - e
fiarpoaoro, rcoroporo na 3hIBaIOT npocro aB~OTKOH, IIIaHTaH-KYJI11KOM 11 erne paaasr M11 11MeHaM11. Caepxy aazto-ncy noxpsmaror pacaso-cepsre nepsa C qepHo-6YPhIM11 rrOJIOCaM11 rrocpeztnae. )J;JI11Ha rrT11 U;hI OKOJIO 45 CM. AB,ll;OTKa na B11,ll; ,ll;OBOJIhHO HeyKJIIOJRa,
JI11Ka
HO OHa MOJReT
oxem, 6hICTpO 6eraTh 11JIOBKO JIeTaTh. IT11Ta
nacexoersnen, YJI11TKaMll, JIH ryIIIKaM11 II MhlIIIaMll. B O'rJIllq11e OT 60JIhIIIllHCTBa KyJIllKOB, asnorrca MOJReT JR11Th II aztana OT aozrsr. CaMKa
IOTCH aB,ll;OTK11 qepBHM11, - .J;p y r o e 11MH - : -;.n rqa e T CH 60JIee Q e H h 60JIhIIIlle - .,.::"IIIH .H, IIIa6aIII -
Bam.znuaerr,
=' ),1 ,
-
IIT IIu; a JIeCHaH, e CK 11 BCH
-
~~ :.:: a
neztem.: rrrennr,r, o6cox norcnztaror rneano. Htrrepecao OTMeTllTh, QTO poznrre
BhICllJR11BaeT rrTeHU;OB OKOJIO ,ll;BYX HyB,
JIll yHOCHT CKOpJIyrrK11
rrpnanercarr,
-e IIOCa,l];K 11 cpaay
ec-n, erne
see KY ::' =..le, aam.zmmen
BO~HHOH
- -? KaK II
BJIaJR
• -Qa CT K 11 JIeca, IT11T a e T CH OH
nacexo srr acrcn aaa 11X
.=E"":a.' f 11, - -! C
QTo6hI He
Y OJIHrrKll (noztcrpan neaunx)
K
- - ; fjK 11M a e T CH
ra ,
rneana,
omlrlKA
- e p e JI e T OB Qepe3
-
OT
cpezr
CKphITHaH II
- -.nUT a e T
noztansure
K HeMy BHllMaHllH Xllru;H11KOB.
rroraomsro
- - -:'0 K JI IO B a .
HeCKOJIhKO Ha3BaH11H:
zrpoazr,
BO,ll;HHOH CKBO
pen llJIll BO,ll;HHOH sopofiefi. 8Ta rrmnrca BO,ll;llTCH B MeCTax, fior'a ThIX BO,ll;OH. OJI.HrrKa sezrer sees Ma Heo6hIQHhIH ofipaa JRll3Hll. OHa MOJReT nepefier-art, rro KaM HHM Qepe3 pyQeH, a ,ll;06eJRaB ,ll;O r rryfioxor-o
MeCTa,
aa zmo If 6eJRIfT
CTaHOBllTCH
ztansure, noxa
67
Y3HAH MVlP u;eJIHKOM He norpyan-rca nozt nozry. OKOJIO
20
cercynn
OJIHnKa MomeT 6emaTb nozt BO,ll;Oll (a eCJIH zte.no npOHC XO,D;HT 3HMOll, TO H nozto JIb,ll;OM) no TeqeHHIO H npOTHB Hero. OJIHnKa MomeT H 6pOCHTbCH B BO,D;y npHMO C 6epe ra. IIHTaeTcH OHa BO,D;HbIMH HaceKOMbIMH, JIHqHHKaMH, KOMapaMH.
Tlecas
OJIHnKH THxaH, npHHTHaH na CJIyx H
HanoMHHaIOIII;aH mypqaHHe pyqellKa. OJIHnKH CTpOHT CBOH rneazra 6JIH3
aozrsr,
HCnOJIb3yH ,ll;JIH aroro npYTHKH,
cTe6eJIbKH,JIHCTHKH.
C!lA3AHOXBOCTASI S1KAHA CeMellCTBO HKaH BXO,ll;HT B orpazr KyJIHKOB.
Y
HKaH
onem, ,ll;JIHHHbIe HorH C BbITHHYTbIMH rransuarau, 3aKaH qHBaIOIII;HMHCH ,ll;JIHHHbIMH npHMbIMH KorTHMH. ,IJ;JIHHa TeJIa 3THX nTHU; -,ll;O
30 CM.
<Pa3aHOXBOCTaH HKaHa HMe
er ,ll;JIHHHbIll XBOCT, 6JIarO,ll;apH KOTOpOMy OHa npH6JIH3H TeJIbHO aa
15
CM ,ll;JIHHHee CBOHX cotiparr.ea. rHe3,ll;HTCH
3Ta HKaHa B IOro-BoCTOqHOll A3HH, a rHe3,D;O CTpOHT cpe ,D;H nO,D;TOnJIeHHOll
rpam,r.
OTJIOmeHHhIe Hllu;a nepeznco
HaXO,ll;HTCH B rennoii aozre, qTO yzry-nrraer yCJIOBHH HX nporpena. rOJIOC 3TollHKaHhI noxoxc na KOIIIaqbH KpHKH.
20 cexyn zt z e.ro rrpOFIC
_.'-1
II rrpOTMB
XVlUJ.HbIE nTVlUbl
- - H ~iO C 6epe
-
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aa -:-:lI
CJIyx I1 CTpO.HT
P Y T I1K M ,
XOTSI B HaYYHO~ KJ1acc~4>~Ka4~~ ~ HeT TaKO~
KaK x~w,Hble
rpynnsr,
n TII14bl, Mbl B Hawe~ KH~re OTBeIl~ ~M OTAenbHYIO maBKY. Bcex X~W,HbIX
nTII14 06beA~HSleT II1X
npncnocofineaaocre HKaH • • 3aKaH • l.J;JIM Ha a MMe
e 31UI T C.H
liT cpe e p e,ll;K O - ~~II .H
MX
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n~w,1I1 c noraounao OXOTbl.
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KplO"fKOBa TaSi KJ1IOBa. 3TO ~
BepXHSISI
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r poaaoe opysore ,
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pa3AlI1paH~SI
~
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nanaior
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3peHII1eM ,
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X~W,HbIX nTII14 II1AeaIlb
4>opMa
Tena ,
«oropaa
noasonaer 111M 6blCTpO nerare, npe-' cneAYSI A06bIYY.
M
Y3HAH M~P
CEPASI HE51
SlCTPE6HHASI COBA 5IcTpe6IIHa.a COBa CBOIIM 06 JIIiKOM
60JIbIIIe
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XIIII.J;HIIKa,
a
He
na
HbIX II IOJKHbIX
HOLIHoro, KaKIiMIi H .HBJI.HIOTC.H
IIOJIyIIIapIiH. ,IJ;I1IL KOJIe6JIeTC.H
CTbIO .HcTpe6IIHoH COBbI .HBJI.H
30 AO 70
xpvr.nsre 6eJIble II.HTHa na
IIIa.H xpyr.naa r o .r
ee IIepb.HX.
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,I!;JIIiHa STOH
40
CM.
Y
COBbI
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HaceKOMbIMIi.
He
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CJIyLIaeTC.H, JIOBIIT
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JKH
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COBbI BbIBOA.HT IITeHrrOB, HO na 3IIMy OTKOLIeBbIBaIOT B yraepermyro IIOJIOCy. IIIITa
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zroc-rar-ae-r B AJIIiHY
70
CM.
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AHeM.
70
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a
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MOJIOAbIMIi 3aHrraMli -
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TYAa, rAe IIOTeIIJIee -
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COBbI JIeTaIOT 6ecIIIyMHo II 6bIC
IITlirraMII,
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