Fbgbkl_jkl\hljZgkihjlZJhkkbb >Zevg_\hklhqgZy]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyfhjkdZyZdZ^_fby bf_gbZ^fbjZeZ=BG_\_evkdh]h
DZn_^jZ...
11 downloads
166 Views
139KB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
Fbgbkl_jkl\hljZgkihjlZJhkkbb >Zevg_\hklhqgZy]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyfhjkdZyZdZ^_fby bf_gbZ^fbjZeZ=BG_\_evkdh]h
DZn_^jZkm^h\h`^_gby
:G:EBA:KLJHGHFBQ?KDHCH;K?J<:PBB IJBHIJ?>?E?GBBIHLJ?FK
F_lh^bq_kdb_mdZaZgbyd\uiheg_gbx eZ[hjZlhjguojZ[hlihfhj_oh^ghcZkljhghfbb ^ey]hdmjkZki_pbZevghklb
KhklZ\be:GIZgZk_gdh
<eZ^b\hklhd
Ihabpby \ieZg_ba^Zgby mq_[ghcebl_jZlmju ><=F:gZ]
J_p_ga_glB<Xxdbg
KhklZ\be:e_dkZg^jGbdheZ_\bqIZgZk_gdh
:G:EBA:KLJHGHFBQ?KDHCH;K?J<:PBB IJBHIJ?>?E?GBBIHLJ?FK
H:Am[dh\Z K<Dhjdbrdh NhjfZlu AZdZa
Hli_qZlZgh\lbih]jZnbb><=F:bfZ^f=BG_\_evkdh]h <eZ^b\hklhd<_jog_ihjlh\ZyZ
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
<>?GB? EZ[hjZlhjgu_jZ[hluihZgZebamh[k_j\Zpbc\uihegyxlky\ihke_^g_f k_f_klj_bamq_gby^bkpbiebguFhj_oh^gZyZkljhghfbyl_gZfdmjk_ P_evx eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl y\ey_lky hk\h_gb_ ijZdlbq_kdbo ijb_fh\ hlukdZgby\_jhylgh]hf_klZ\nb]mj_ih]j_rghklb b hp_gdb _]h lhqghklb k mq_lhf\ebygbykemqZcguobkbkl_fZlbq_kdboih]j_rghkl_c\bkoh^guo\u khlguoebgbyoiheh`_gbyLZdbfh[jZahfZgZebah[k_j\Zpbc\dexqZ_l gZoh`^_gb_gZb[he__\_jhylgh]hf_klZbijbgylb__]haZh[k_j\h\Zg gh_ ihkljh_gb_weebikZkemqZcguoih]j_rghkl_c ZgZebakqbke_gbyimlbkm^gZaZijhr_^r__\j_fy >ey mki_rgh]h \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl g_h[oh^bfh bamqblv khhl\_lkl\mxsb_jZa^_euihmq_[gbdmbebdhgki_dlme_dpbc GZaZgylbbg_h[oh^bfhbf_lv l_ljZ^v^eyeZ[hjZlhjguojZ[hl mq_gbq_kdbcljZgkihjlbjebg_cdmfy]dmxj_abgdmbijhklu_dZjZg ^ZrbLFbebG< fbdjhdZevdmeylhj
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
HIJ?>?E?GB?F?KL:KM>G: IH?>BGH<J?F?GGUFG:;EX>?GBYFLJ?OK
LZdbfh[jZahfbf__fljbmjZ\g_gbyk^\mfyg_ba\_klgufb'Mb': GZijZdlbd_mdZaZggu_<EIdZdijZ\behg_i_j_k_dZxlky\h^ghclhqd_ \ke_^kl\b_^_ckl\bykemqZcguobkbkl_fZlbq_kdbohrb[hdbh[jZam_lkynb ]mjZih]j_rghklblj_m]hevgbd JZaf_junb]mjuaZ\bkylhl\_ebqbguhrb [hd IhwlhfmaZibkZlvmjZ\g_gb_<EIfh`ghlZdbfh[jZahf 'K G FRV $ 'M VLQ $ ': ° ®'K G FRV $ 'M VLQ $ ': °'K G FRV $ 'M VLQ $ ': ¯ Ijb wlhf ihemqbeb kbkl_fm ba lj_o mjZ\g_gbc k lj_fy g_ba\_klgufb 'M':bG]^_G±kbkl_fZlbq_kdZybebih\lhjyxsZykyhrb[dZ KemqZcgmxhrb[dm<EIijbwlhffuhij_^_eblvg_kfh`_fgh^_ckl \b___fh`ghij_^klZ\blv]jZnbq_kdb\\b^_weebikZ GZb[he__\_jhylgh_f_klh\nb]mj_ih]j_rghklbdhlhjh_gZau\Zxlh[ k_j\h\Zggufhij_^_eyxl^\mfykihkh[Zfb keh`_gb_f\_kh\\_jrbg ijh\_^_gb_faZ\bkbfuo[bkk_dljbk Keh`_gb_\_kh\\_jrbgbkoh^blbaij_^klZ\e_gbyhkemqZcghchrb[d_ b f_klh \k_]^Z [m^_l \gmljb nb]mju ih]j_rghklb F_klh ihemq_ggh_ ih [bkk_dljbkZf [m^_l \gmljb nb]mju ih]j_rghklb _keb Zabfmlu k\_lbe gZ [ex^Zebkvih\k_fm]hjbahglmb\g_nb]mju_kebZabfmluk\_lbe[ueb gZ h^ghc iheh\bg_ ]hjbahglZ < ex[hf kemqZ_ gZebqb_ nb]mju ih]j_rghklb y\ey_lky j_amevlZlhf kh\f_klgh]h ^_ckl\by kemqZcguo b kbkl_fZlbq_kdbo ih]j_rghkl_c DZdbfh[jZahfhij_^_eblvdZdZyih]j_rghklvij_h[eZ^Z_l" >eywlh]hijbh[k_j\h\Zgghff_kl_bah[jZ`ZxlweebikkemqZcguohrb [hd?kebmdZaZggucweebikaZgbfZ_l[he__iehsZ^bnb]mjuih]j_rgh klb lh ij_h[eZ^Z_l kemqZcgZy hrb[dZ < ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_ ± kbkl_fZlbq_ kdZy
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
HNHJFE?GB?J:;HLU EZ[hjZlhjgZyjZ[hlZ\uihegy_lkygZkljZgbqghfjZa\hjhl_l_ljZ^b GZe_\hckljZgbp_aZibku\Zxlkyghf_j\ZjbZglZaZ^Zgbymkeh\b_aZ^Z qbbkhklZ\ey_lkylZ[ebpZihko_f_ijb\_^_gghcgb`_ <EI
HE
JHE
'K
:k
:dj
:dj
<_jr
':
J
:kj
Ijhba\h^blky ihkljh_gb_ iheb]hgZ ]jZ^b_glh\ b jZkq_l we_f_glh\ we ebikZih]j_rghkl_ch[k_j\h\Zggh]hf_klZkm^gZ GZ ijZ\hc kljZgbp_ jZa\hjhlZ \uihegy_lky ijhdeZ^dZ bkoh^guo <EI jZkq_lh[k_j\h\Zgguodhhj^bgZlaZibku\ZxlkykhklZ\eyxsb_g_\yadbhp_ gb\Z_lkydZq_kl\h\_^_gbykqbke_gby
K:EBKVIHHD>?CKL
HE
JHE
'K
:k
:dj
:dj
<_jr
':
J
:kj
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
ihnhjfme_ rf ptz VHF M JZkkqblZlvh[k_j\h\Zggu_dhhj^bgZlu M R M F rz b OR OF rf Kgylv k ijhdeZ^db gZijZ\e_gb_ b \_ebqbgm g_\yadb Z lZd`_ __ kh klZ\eyxsb_'/b'0 IjhZgZebabjh\ZlvdZq_kl\hkqbke_gbyjZkkqblZ\ lhqghklvmq_lZijhc^_ggh]hjZkklhygbyihnhjfme_^hkhluo^he_c 6 '/ . ÅÁ 6 lhqghklvm^_j`ZgbygZdmjk_ihnhjfme_^h^_kyluo^he_c]jZ^mkZ '0 D q q 6 K^_eZlv \u\h^ h \hafh`ghklb i_j_ghkZ kqbke_gby \ h[k_j\h\Zg gmxlhqdm_keb r D q d b d . ÅÁ d Ihkljhblviheb]hg\_kh\\fZkrlZ[__^\_kZ kf^eyq_]h gZf_lblvgZqZevgmxlhqdmgZijZ\e_gb_gZk_\_jbhleh`blvi_j\mx _^bgbpm\_dlhj \_kZihgZijZ\e_gbxm^\h_ggh]hZabfmlZ:dj badhgpZ]h\_dlhjZ\_kZdZdbagZqZeZdhhj^bgZlhleh`blv \lhjmx _^bgbpm \_kZ ih gZijZ\e_gbx \lhjh]h ^bj_dpbhggh]h m]eZ jZ\gh]h :dj ba dhgpZ \lhjh]h \_dlhjZ \_kZ hleh`blv lj_lvx _^bgbpm \_kZ ih gZ ijZ\e_gbx:dj ihke_ ihkljh_gby \k_o lj_o ]jZ^b_glh\ kh_^bgblv gZqZevgmx lhqdm iheb]hgZkdhgphflj_lv_]h]jZ^b_glZbl_fkZfufihemqblv]_hf_l jbq_kdmx kmffm \_kh\ T jZkkqblZlv qbkeh\h_ agZq_gb_ kmffZjgh]h \_dlhjZmqblu\ZyfZkrlZ[ihkljh_gbyiheb]hgZ kgylvkihfhsvxljZgkihjlbjZm]heWh[jZah\ZggucgZqZevgufgZ ijZ\e_gb_fgZk_\_jb\_dlhjhf]_hf_ljbq_kdhckmffu\_kh\;bk k_dljbkZWwlh]hm]eZ^ZklgZijZ\e_gb_fZehchkbweebikZkemqZcguo hrb[hdh[k_j\Zpbb JZkkqblZlv\_ebqbgmihemhk_cweebikZihnhjfmeZf 3PD[ 3PLQ 1 1 T 1 T 3PLQ 3PD[ ® 3 3 T ¯ PD[ PLQ
fbev D r E r 3PLQ 3PD[ ]^_1±Zjbnf_lbq_kdZykmffZ\_kh\qbkeh<EI T±]_hf_ljbq_kdZykmffZ\_kh\kgbfZ_lkykiheb]hgZ &RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
±jZ[hqZyhrb[dZbaf_j_gby\ukhl
K:EBKVG:H>GHCIHEHHD>?CKL
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
Kgylv k ijhdeZ^db \_ebqbgm g_\yadb k __ khklZ\eyxsbo '/ b '0 hp_gblvdZq_kl\hkqbke_gbyimlbdZdmdZaZgh\i± Ijh\_klbhdhgqZl_evgucZgZebagZijZ\e_gb_b\_ebqbgm Ijbf_j BD Mk 1 ] Lk OF ? 6 fbev Hij_^MbOgZfhf_glc<EI <EI HE JHE 'K , ,, ,,,
J :kj :k :dj <_jr :dj ': 1: 1( 1( 1
E E
T 3
3
3PD[ 3PLQ ® ¯3PD[ 3PLQ D
r
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
3
r r 3PD[
°°3PD[ ® °3 °¯ PD[
3PLQ
r
E
W
q
W
q
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
1
,
,,
$
$
'/
,,,
,,
'0
jl
$
H Á
,
MF ¶6 JR ¶d6 MR ¶6
OF ¶( J> ¶: ¶ OR ¶(
K fbeb 'D
q
,,,
'/ ¶kaZ^b
q
. ÅÁ
'0 ¶kijZ\Z
Ij_h[eZ^Z_lkbkl_fZlbq_kdZyih]j_rghklv
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
Ijbf_j ] Lk HE Mk 6 OF ? BD 6 fbev <EI HE JHE , ,, ,,
J :kj :k :dj <_jr :dj 'K ': 6( 6( 1( 1
E
3
3
W
T
3
E
3PD[ 3PLQ ® ¯3PD[ 3PLQ
D
r W
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
3PLQ
°°3PD[ ® °3 °¯ PD[
r
q
E W
r
3PD[
r
y q
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
,,
,,,
1
bc
,
'0
bc
$
,,,
'/
bc
, ,,
$
$ jl
MF ¶6 JR ¶d1 MR ¶6
OF ¶( J> ¶: ¶ OR ¶(
K fbeb 'D
q
'/ ¶kaZ^b
q
. ÅÁ
'0 ¶kijZ\Z
Ij_h[eZ^Z_lkbkl_fZlbq_kdZyih]j_rghklvf_klh^he`gh[ulv\g_lj_ m]hevgbdZih]j_rghklb
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
:GIZgZk_gdh
:gZebaZkljhghfbq_kdhch[k_j\Zpbbijbhij_^_e_gbbihlj_fk\_lbeZf
LZ[ebpZ\_kh\ ': ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
&RS\ULJKW><=F:
<_k
Ijbeh`_gb_ ': ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
:GIZgZk_gdh