Машины лесного и строительно-дорожного комплекса: Методические указания по работе над текстами на английском языке

Министерство образования Российской Федерации Хабаровский государственный технический университет

МАШИНЫ ЛЕСНОГО И СТРОИТЕЛЬНО-ДОРОЖНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА. Методические указания по работе над текстами на английском языке для студентов II курса специальностей «Машины лесного комплекса» и «Строительно-дорожные машины».

Хабаровск Издательство ХГТУ 2000

УДК 630*31:621.879(07)=20 Машины лесного и строительно-дорожного комплекса: Методические указания по работе над текстами на английском языке для студентов II курса специальностей «Машины лесного комплекса» и «Строительно-дорожные машины». Сост.: И.Н. Шпакович, М.Н. Березина. — Изд-во Хабар. гос. техн. ун-та, 2000. Методические указания разработаны на кафедре «Иностранные языки». Цель методических указаний - способствовать формированию навыков чтения литературы на английском языке по данным специальностям, а также формировать грамматические и профессионально-ориентированные лексические навыки. Указания содержат 7 уроков, включающих тексты с заданиями и активным словарём и 2 дополнительных текста. Печатается в соответствии с решениями кафедры « Иностранные языки» и методического совета международного факультета.

© Издательство Хабаровского государственного технического университета, 2000

Lesson 1 Exercises: I. Прочитайте и произнесите правильно: Hectare, division, project, salmon, spawning, monsoon, species, annually, conifer, raw material, nursery, exhausting, resourses. II. Переведите однокоренные слова: divide – dividing – division; produce – producer – producing – production; breed – breeding; construct – constructive – constructing – construction; nurse – nursery; seed – seeding – seedling; utilize – utilization; process – processor – processing – processed. III. Запомните следующие слова: forestry – лесное хозяйство forest division – лесничество species – породы деревьев spruce – ель larch – лиственница lime – липа birch – берёза round timber – круглый лес conifer – хвойная порода, хвойное дерево ash – ясень animal breeding and hunting enterprise – зверопромхоз fur – пушной зверь forest utilization – лесопользование seeds – семена seedling – саженец to store – заготавливать to process – перерабатывать clear – cutting – сплошная рубка improvement felling – рубка ухода timber – лес (заготавливаемый) nursery – питомник forest regeneration – лесовосстановление Text.

Gassinski model forest.

The model forest Gassinski with an area of 385 thousand hectares is situated within the boundaries of the Nanai national region on the territory of Gassinski, Anyiskoe and Verkhne-anyiskoe forest division of Nanai forestry. Arsenjevo is the only village on the territory of the project. The nearest villages Dada and Dubovi Mis are situated on the border – line of the project terri3

tory. The biggest rivers are Anyi, Pihtsa, Khar, Kartanga. Various kinds of salmon come into the rivers for spawning. The climate is monsoon. It rains heavily in summer. The forests in the territory include such species as spruce, cedar, larch, yellow and silver birch and lime. Two big and several smaller wood enterprises produce annually about 100 – 110 thousand cubic meters of wood. The only timber sold is round timber of conifers and ash-trees. Troitski cooperative animal breeding and hunting enterprise stores up berries and medicine plants. It also deals with fur and hoofedanimal hunting. About 5-6 tons of Korean cedar seeds are stored in the territory. Main felling as well as sanitary and improvement felling allow to produce 4550 thousand cubic meters of various kinds of wood. Compulsory timber and secondary raw material processing is required. The construction of cedar ash larch and spruce nursery or a hot – house plant for 3 million seedlings would increase the growth of precious kinds of wood by means of regenerating clear-cutting areas and burnt-forest territories. At present several departments manage the resources. The Nanai forestry is responsible for felling and selling standard wood. It also controls forest utilization, guards and protects the forest. On the whole it is possible to raise the economy of the territory and provide all local citizens with jobs without exhausting the riches of nature. IV. Определите, соответствует ли данное высказывание содержанию текста: l. Gassinski model forest is situated in the West of Russia. 2. The Amur is the only river in this territory. 3. The climate is mild. The summer is rainy. 4. The only timber sold is lime. 5. The population of the territory works at the machine – producing plant. 6. There are timber and raw material processing plants in the territiry. V. Дайте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: в пределах границ, промысел пушных зверей и копытных животных, переработка сырья, заходить на нерест, лососёвые породы рыб, заготавливать, лесопромышленное предприятие. VI. Найдите в предложениях текста герундий, обратите внимание на стоящее после него существительное и его присоединение к герундию. Назовите признаки герундия. VII. Поставьте предложения в Present Passive Simple, переделав их: 1. Two big and several smaller enterprises produce wood. Wood... 2. They sell timber of conifers abroad. Timber of conifers... 3. Animal breeding and hunting enterprise stores up berries and medicine plants. Berries and medicine plants... 4. The Nanai forestry controls forest utilization, guards and protects the forest. Forest utilization..., the forest... 4

VIII. Перескажите текст по-английски согласно плану: 1. Where is Gassinski model forest situated? 2. Describe the rivers and the climate of the territory. 3. Speak about main enterprises and their production. 4. What kind of timber is sold abroad? 5. What kind of felling is carried out in the forest? 6. What are main species of Gassinski model forest? 7. What should be done for forest regeneration? 8. What is the Nanai forestry responsible for?

Lesson 2 Exercises: I. Прочитайте и правильно произнесите следующие слова: process, harvesting site, arrange, shovel, desired, diameter, quality, enclosure, comfortable. II. Из данных ниже существительных образуйте глаголы и переведите их: operator, loader, delimber, place, production, processor. III. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык: totally self-contained delimber and slasher unit, a new log loader product line, maximum skidder production, the Timberjack whole tree processor. IV. Запомните слова к тексту: to fell – валить деревья to bunch – пакетировать to pick up – подбирать limb- сук to limb – обрубать сучья to load – грузить to cut – распиливать landing – погрузочная площадка to remove – удалять finished product – готовая продукция enclosure – корпус (машины) attachment – рабочее оборудование product line – серия машин log loader – бревнопогрузчик delimber – сучкорезная машина slasher – раскряжёвочная машина log truck – лесовоз 5

feller – buncher – валочно – пакетирующая машина skidder – трелёвочный трактор shovel logger – совковая лесозаготовительная машина mill – завод Text.

What are these machines?

Forest machines produced in Finland are well known in the world. Timberjack's new log loader product line is now more extensive than ever. It includes log loaders, shovel loggers, delimbers and slashers. A lot of them are used and will be used for our native logging in the Far East. Delimbers and slashers are machines used after the wood has been felled and skidded. The trunks will be trimmed of branches and cut to specific lengths at the landing using delimbers and slashers. Then the log loaders will pick up the wood and load it to the log trucks. Log loaders are used at the landing to pick up trees that have been skidded from the forest. They process the trees through the delimber and slasher and load the finished product on log truck to be transported to the mill. At the harvesting site shovel loggers are used between the feller-bunchers and the skidders. In wet, soft and soggy ground these track machines use the logs felled by the feller -buncher to make a travelling mat for the skidders and arrange bunches for maximum skidder production. Delimbers are used for removing the branches from the trees that have been skidded from the forest. The log loader pulls the tree through the delimber, which removes the branches and cuts the top off at a desired diameter with a topping saw. The trees are then moved to the slashers to be cut into desired lengths depending on species and quality. Slashers cut the tree into controlled length. The log loader picks up the trees brought to the landing by the skidders and places them into the slasher to be cut. The Timberjack Whole Tree Processor is totally self-contained delimber and slasher unit. The operator has radio control in the cab over delimbing, topping and slashing functions with no devices connecting the loader to the processor. The power unit is protected by a heavy – duty enclosure which can be hydraulically tilted for service. One operator can delimb, top, slash and load trees sitting in his comfortable cab. V. Дайте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: be trimmed of branches, the finished product, soggy ground, load on log truck, track machines, depending on species, controlled length, heavy-duty enclosure, arrange bunches, a desired diameter, harvesting site, shovel logger, travelling mat. VI. Составьте предложения в Present Passive Simple. При этом подберите

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слова из правой колонки к словам из левой колонки. Скажите, какими машинами производятся следующие виды работ. Используйте глагол carry out: topping felling slasher load loader cutting loading processor delimber transporting bunching feller – bunchers skidder making a travelling mat limbing log truck shovel logger slashing

VII. Переведите предложения правильно, определите, чем выражены подчёркнутые словосочетания (инфинитивом, причастием, герундием). Определите группу времён и залог сказуемых: 1. Log loaders are used to pick up trees that have been skidded from the forest. 2. Delimbers and slashers are machine used after the wood has been felled and skidded. They are used for removing branches and cutting trees to the specific lengths. 3. Log loaders load timber on log trucks to be transported to the mill. 4. The trees to be cut are moved to the slashers. VIII. Составьте по 4 вопроса к каждой части текста об одном из видов лесных машин фирмы «Тимберджек». Обсудите их в диалогах. IX. Опишите процесс работы одной из этих лесных машин на английском языке.

Lesson 3 Exercises: I. Правильно прочитайте многосложные слова: mobile, circular, sawing, diameter, sawyer, framesection, adjust, extension, extracting, syn-cronized, hydraulic, device, inconvenient, multicontrol, optional, gearbox, ratio, requirements. II. Переведите однокоренные слова: saw – to saw – sawyer – sawing; to adjust – adjustable adjustment; to assemble – reassemble – assembly; extend – extending – extension; extract – extracting – extractor. III. Переведите слова с существительными в функции определения:

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saw machinery production, foundation costs, table feed, feed speed, power requirements. IV. Запомните следующие слова: machinery – механизмы, машины, оборудование saw – пила mobile circular sawmill – круглопильный передвижной станок to adjust – регулировать line – установка, линия РТО-shaft – вал отбора мощности fan – вентилятор ratio – передаточное число feed – подача pressing roller – прижимной ролик telescopic legs – складные ножки to fold out – раскладывать to couple – присоединять roller table – стол для распиловки, рольганг thinning – прореживание blade – пильное полотно, пильный диск a large sawmill – лесопилка Text.

Kronos heavy-duty mobile circular sawmill.

Kronos company has been manufacturing machinery since 1914 and is one of the oldest in its branch in Finland. During the last 15 years Kronos has turned more and more into forest and saw machinery production. Kronos machinery is already in use in many countries. One of its machines is Kronos mobile circular sawmill. It is used for smallscale sawing and as an auxiliary line in large sawmills. Very often Kronos is used for forest sawing of thinnings and mixed logs up to 450 – 500 mm in diameter. Kronos is very easy to move from one place to another. There are no special foundation costs and sawing can start 20 minutes after the machine has arrived. Sawyers just fold out the two framesections, adjust the telescopic legs and put the 1,5 m frame extension to the other end of the saw. After that they park the tractor and couple the PTO-shaft from the tractor to the saw. When the tractor is parked, they can start sawing. Main parts of the circular sawmill are a sawdust extracting fan, a log lifting device and a strong roller table. Sawyers needn't to feed the logs by hand. There are the synchronized hydraulic feed and the pressing device. Table feed and pressing roller rotation are controlled by the multicontrol lever thus eliminating inconvenient movements for the sawyer. The multicontrol lever provides an

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automatic return to 0-position. Optional are transmission gearbox 1:2 ratio and hydraulic blade sharpening devices. Technical data: Overall working length – 12,5 m Length of roller table – 7,5 m Length: drawbar hook to wheel axle – 6,0 m Power requirements (tractor) – min 40 kW Diesel engine – 40 – 50 kW Feed speed of the table (adjustable) – 0-75 m/min Power take off speed – appr. 1100 r/m Transport wheels – 11,5x 15,3/10 Cutting height with blades diam 900 mm – 320 mm V. Дайте английские эквиваленты следующих слов: распиловка брёвен, устройство для заточки пильных дисков, сцепной крюк, бревно-подъёмник, рольганг, раскладывать пильную раму, пильщик, прореживание, присоединять вал отбора мощности к пиле. VI. Проанализируйте время и залог глаголов первого абзаца текста. VII. Поставьте подлежащие в форму ед. числа и сделайте все необходимые изменения. 1. Sawyers just fold out the two framesections, adjust the telescopic legs and put the 1,5 m frame extension to the other end of the saw. 2. When the tractors are parked, the PTO-shafts are coupled from the tractors to the saws. VII. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых слова с суффиксом -ed являются причастиями. IX. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту: 1. What is the history of Kronos Company? 2. What is Kronos mobile sawmill used for? 3. What does the tractor with PTO-shaft serve for? 4. What are main parts of Kronos circular sawmill? X. Опишите по-английски процесс распиловки брёвен с помощью передвижного круглопильного станка «Кронос».

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Lesson 4 Exercises: I. Произнесите правильно слова: nowadays, regeneration, processed, significantly, multipurpose, hydraulics, controls, automated, sawblade, pressure, hazardous, measuring, usage, bogie, taught. II. Выделите суффиксы, входящие в состав следующих слов, укажите значение слов: equipment, important, operation, regeneration, sensitive, significantly, hydraulically, highly, pressure, adjustment, emission, safety, powerful. III. а). Правильно переведите словосочетания, скажите, чем выражено определение к существительному (причастием, существительным, прилагательным): remaining stands, a good stability, sensitive ground, equipment used, instructions given in symbols and texts, safety standards, working lights, toughest conditions, pressure adjustment. b). Обратите внимание на цепочку определений к существительному, переведите: hydraulically operated, delimbing knives, loglift hydraulic crane, timber quality monitoring system, engine noise level, turbocharged six cylinder diesel engine. IV. Запомните следующие слова: harvesting – лесозаготовки logging – лесозаготовки stand – древостой, лесной массив stump – пень harvester head – валочная головка, chain saw – цепная пила delimbing knife – сучкорезный нож, steering – рулевое управление screen – экран controls – рычаги управления, visibility – обзор lights – фары bogie – тележка (харвестера) ground clearance – дорожный просвет to meet the requirements – соответствовать требованиям ROPS – система защиты оператора в случае опрокидывания FOPS – система защиты оператора от падающих предметов Text.

Timberjack 1270 В harvester.

The harvesting method and equipment used are becoming increasingly important nowadays. The Timberjack 1270 В harvester is a forest machine for the full range logging operations: it fells, delimbs and cuts out timber. Very often it is used for regeneration harvesting. The harvester lays the tops and branches on the 10

strip road and the working path, so it protects sensitive ground and the remaining stands. Timber can be processed at the stump, significantly raising the productivity of timber harvesting. The machine is equipped with a harvester head. It is a multipurpose device with a chain saw and three hydraulically operated delimbing knives. The harvester head cuts tree up to 560 mm in diameter. The loglift hydraulic crane is the workhorse of the harvester. Its reach is 10.3 m. The crane is operated with joystick controls helping to reduce operator's strain. The crane and harvester head do the work of the harvester. The harvester gets its power from a Perkins turbocharged six cylinder diesel engine, 206 h.p. The engine can run on biofuels which reduce hazardous emissions, and the engine noise level is low. The Timberjack 1270 В cab has Orbitrol steering and Total Machine Control System (TMS). With the help of this system many highly automated machine functions are possible including automatic sawblade control, pressure adjustment of the delimbing knives and harvester tilt-up. All this features mean less work for the operator. While the machine optimizes wood usage, operators can concentrate on their main job-monitoring timber quality. Information is displayed on a large screen with instructions given in clear graphic symbols and texts. The Timberjack cab meets all forest machine safety standards (ROPS, FOPS). All controls are easy to reach, and visibility over the entire working site is excellent. For work after dark, powerful halogen working lights illuminate a wide area. A new bogie, wide tires and hydraulic transmission provide a good stability and high ground clearance. So the Timberjack 1270 В can work in the toughest harvesting conditions. V. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: regenerating harvesting, reduce operator's strain, strip road, working path, a multipurpose device, chain saw, delimbing knives, run on biofiiels, hazzardous emissions, wood usage, easy to reach, provide a good stability, visibility over the entire working site, monitoring timber quality. VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту: 1. What kinds of job can be done by the Timberjack 1270 В harvester? 2. How can an operator control this machine? 3. What is TMS used for? 4. What are the advantages of biofuels used in the Perkins diesel engine? VII. а). Назовите основные части харвестера 1270 В и вспомогательное оборудование. b). Перескажите текст по-английски.

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Lesson 5 Exercises: I. Прочитайте и произнесите правильно: cylinder, injection, lubricated, available, gauges, ensure, idler, equalized, oscillate, level, gear-type, bulldozer, scarify, backward. П. Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на перевод определений: load sensing hydraulics, blade height, ground clearance, machine parts wear, planetary power shift, direction changes, single-stage torque converter, multiply box section construction. III. Сгруппируйте следующие слова в предложения: 1. engine, full – flow, oil pressure, all, under, lubricate, parts, with. 2. braking system, use, levers, hand, help, with, operator. 3. ripper, bulldozer, transform, be, it, necessary, into, the. 4. cab, comfortable, spacious, meet ROPS and FORS requirements. IV. Запомните следующие слова: undercarriage – ходовая часть sprocket – звёздочка track roller frame – рама катков траковых лент loose material – рыхлый материал to backfill pits, tranches, ditches – засыпать ямы, котлованы, канавы to level earth – разравнивать землю to shift earth – перемещать землю penetration – заглубление ripper – рыхлитель shank – зуб blade – отвал to lubricate – смазывать to be available – быть в наличии to crank – заводить suspension – подвеска air cleaner – воздушный фильтр piston – поршень valve – клапан injection – впрыск power shift – силовое переключение передач gear – скорость torque – крутящий момент clutch – сцепление to engage – включать

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to disengage – выключать gauges – измерительные приборы sealed – уплотнённые roller – каток idler – натяжное колесо equalizer bar – балансирный брус linkage – система рычагов oscillation – колебание Text.

Components of track-type tractor.

Track-type tractor D6E produced by the Caterpillar Company consists of 5 main components: 1. The engine 2. The undercarriage, track and track roller frames 3. The transmission 4. The steering compartment 5. Work tools (rippers, blades) The starting system and hydraulic arrangement may be added as well. Caterpillar four – stroke turbocharger diesel engine with six cylinders delivers plenty of power for quick response, big loads. Direct-injection fuel system with injection pumps and valves precisely meters fuel for maximum productivity per unit of fuel. Aluminum-alloy pistons have three rings each. All parts of the engine are lubricated under pressure with full-flow filtered oil. Dry-type air cleaner with primary and secondary elements prevents engine parts from penetration of dust particles. Electric starting system available in the machine cranks the engine and operates gauges on the dashboard in steering department. The undercarriage with heavy-duty rollers and segmented sprockets ensures long life and minimum maintenance. It is used for mounting tracks. Track roller frame has box section construction. It includes sealed and lubricated tracks, rollers and the idler. The equalized bar located under the main frame lets roller frames oscillate for a smooth ride. The powershift transmission or change gears. There are 3 speeds forward, 3 reverse. High – torque capacity of clutches permits quick speed and direction changes. Operator's compartment. A ROPS and FOPS tested cab is comfortable and spaceous steering system combined with braking system. In helps the operator both disengage steering clutches and use the brakes with the hand levers. Single lever at the operator's right hand controls raising, lowering and tilting functions. Monitor panel mounted in the cab keeps the operator informed of the machine status. Multiplydisk oil clutches require no adjustment.

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To power working equipment easily the hydraulics is used. It includes hydraulic tank mounted at the rear of the engine, filter, valves, lines, linkage, control levers, a gear-type hydraulic pump. Load sensing hydraulics provides smooth, precise control. Blades and rippers are working tools transforming track-type tractors into bulldozers. To shift and level earth, sand and other loose materials, to backfrill pits, ditches and trenches blades are used. Rippers are applied, when it is necessary to scarify the earth. They are used during reverse travel of the tractor transforming the bulldozer into the ripper. Multi – shank rippers allow an easy penetration into the ground. When travelling forward rippers are shifted backward. V. Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на перевод определений: load sensing hydraulics, blade height, ground clearance, machine parts wear, planetary power shift, direction changes, single-stage torque converter, multiply box section construction. VI. Раскройте скобки. Используйте пассивный залог, если это необходимо: 1. The fuel system (to meter) fuel precisely and (to provide) fuel economy. 2. This device (to have) a segment construction. 3. The Monitor panel (to mount) in the operator's compartment. 4. Tracks, rollers and the idler (to lubricate) for smooth machine work. VII. Найдите в тексте -ing и -ed forms; определите их функцию (герундий, причастие, часть сказуемого). VIII. а). Ответьте на вопросы к тексту: 1. How many main components of the track-type tractor do you know? Describe them. 2. What kind of lubrication is used in the engine? 3. How many gears does the transmission provide? 4. How do you understand cab standards ROPS and FOPS? 5. Where is the idler located ? What function has the idler? 6. What can a bulldozer do with the earth? What kind of these works do you prefer? b). Подробно расскажите по-английски о каждом из пяти составных частей гусеничного трактора Caterpillar D6E.

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Lesson 6 RIPPERS Ripping is one of the toughest jobs in earthmoving. The key to economic and effective ripping rests ultimately with the operator. Much can be gained or lost, depending on his ability. Spacing of passes, number of passes, control of ripping depth and cross ripping determine finished size. Thus, an experienced and competent operator is the only sure way to determine depth and spacing. Large rippers feature a hydraulically adjustable shank angle. This allows the operator to readily select ripper shank angle settings forward or rearward of vertical position. Shank angle can be changed up to 33°, even while ripping. Material density, rippability, machine power, and final size of material determine the number of shanks that can be used. Regardless of ripper shank length or ripping depth, the operator has to simply adjust the shank angle to provide an effective tip angle. This achieves maximum performance throughout each ripping pass. For most sizes of rippers, centerline and penetration style tips are both available. Both styles have a center rip for strength and self-sharpening. The choice of tip style is mostly an operator preference, affected by the type of material being ripped. Most operators prefer the centerline style in laminated(layered) materials. All ripper tips are made of DH-3 steel providing greater wear-resistance in abrasive applications. Ripping requires maximum pull. Shock loads – and ripper damage – increase with speed. Ripping at lower speeds reduces wear, decreases breakage, and prolongs undercarriage life. Production can be enhanced from this reduced down time. Maintenance costs can rise rapidly due to wear with only a small increase in speed. Besides, a daily maintenance inspection can greatly reduce failures. Sound operating techniques are absolutely essential to get maximum production from a ripper. Слова к тексту tough – зд. трудный to space – прокладывать, располагать pass – проход, проезд, ход to feature – зд. иметь shank – стержень, хвостовик, зуб rib – ребро undercarriage – шасси, ходовая часть sound – зд. правильный ripper – рыхлитель ultimately – в конечном счете to determine – определять regardless of – независимо от to adjust – регулировать tip – наконечник

to sharpen – точить, заострять density – плотность maintenance – эксплуатация, техническое обслуживание to prefer – предпочитать wear resistance – износостойкость pull – тяга, натяжение shock – удар, толчок to increase – увеличивать to decrease – уменьшать undercarriage – шасси

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failure

–

авария,

повреждение

Exercises: I. Найдите синонимы в тексте: hard, finally, to win, to define, proper, to possess, efficient, use, fast, to apply II. Найдите антонимы в тексте: easy, useless, to gain, small, horizontal, disability, minimum, to cut, to increase, to reduce III. Переведите: ripping depth, a hydraulically adjustable shank angle, material density, machine power, tip angle, ripping pass, centerline style tip, penetration style tip, shock loads, ripper damage, undercarriage life, maintenance costs, a daily maintenance inspection, sound operating techniques

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Participle, Gerund и Infinitive: Much can be gained or lost, depending on his ability. Thus, an experienced and competent operator is the only sure way to determine depth and spacing. Shank angle can be changed up to 33°, even while ripping. Regardless of ripper shank length or ripping depth, the operator has to simply adjust the shank angle to provide an effective tip angle. The choice of tip style is mostly an operator preference, affected by the type of material being ripped. All ripper tips are made of DH-3 steel providing greater wear-resistance in abrasive applications. Production can be enhanced from this reduced down time.

V. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. What is ripping? 2. Does the operator play an important role here? 3. What achieves maximum performance throughout each ripping pass? 4. What are ripper tips made of? 5. What reduces wear, decreases breakage and prolongs undercarriage life? 6. What else can greatly reduce failures? 7. How to get maximum production from a ripper?

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Lesson 7 Exercises: I. Прочитайте и произнесите правильно: hydraulic, huge, dinosaur, accessible, rough, idler, backhoe, heap, ensure, unleakaged II. Определите, какие формы слов вы будете смотреть в словаре. Переведите: carrying, carries, carried; lower, lowest; leakage, unleakaged, leaking; vision, visible, visibility; accessible, accessibility; allowed, allowing, allowance. III. Запомните следующие слова: to penetrate – проникать penetration – заглубление stability – устойчивость to tilt – наклонять to heap (with) – нагружать (чем-либо) boom – стрела to dump – выгружать, сваливать arrangement – устройство, расположение (частей) hydrocylinder piston seals – уплотнения поршня гидроцилиндра hydrocylinder rod seals – уплотнения штока гидроцилиндра hoses – шланги stick – рукоять the bucket of universal “transforming” type – универсальный ковш «перевертыш» backhoe – обратная лопата undercarriage – ходовая часть track roller frames – катки траковых лент idler – натяжное колесо (гусеницы) Text.

Hydraulic Excavator

Heat supply system repair works are being carried out near the 5-storied building. Looking out of the window on the 4th floor one can watch an excavator operate. The excavator is like a huge dinosaur stretching a long neck and penetrating into the earth with the teeth mounted on the bucket. The carbody of EO4225A excavator is wide giving greater stability when moving. The excavator tilts its head with the bucket and heaps the earth. Then the machine turns its body and boom, dumping the earth into the arrived lorry. To drive the boom and the bucket special hydraulic arrangement is used. We can see 3 hydrocylinders. They drive the boom, bucket and stick. Perfected hydrocylinder piston and rod seals provide their long life. Flexible hoses ensure excellent hydraulic action. 17

The stick is located between the boom and the bucket. The bucket of universal “transforming” type allows direct-and-backhoe digging. The backhoe is the working equipment for excavating the earth below the station place level with the bucket digging towards the excavator, in contrast to direct digging. We can come nearer and see the undercarriage and rough, covered with dust tracks, track roller frames, rollers and idlers. One can hear the noise of Perkins direct injection diesel engine producing 125 h.p. The cab is not large, giving excellent visibility. Controls are located on the dashboard accessible to the operator. It is a pleasure to operate this modern hydraulic excavator produced in the Russian town of Kovrovo. IV. Прочтите еще раз первые предложения каждого абзаца текста и определите, о чем в абзацах идет речь. Выразите свои мысли поанглийски. V. a) Определите, чем являются в тексте слова с суффиксом -ing: герундием, причастием I, существительным, составной частью сказуемого. b) Найдите в тексте предложение с герундием, после которого дано существительное в качестве дополнения, объясните правило отсутствия предлога в таких определениях. Придумайте свои собственные примеры на это правило. c) Найдите предложения с Complex Object, дайте правильный его перевод. d) Найдите примеры существительных в виде цепочки определений. Объясните правило их перевода. VI. Переведите следующие сочетания на английский язык: теплотрасса, устойчивость во время движения, гидроцилиндр рукояти, выгружать землю, долговечность деталей, гидравлическое устройство, быть доступным оператору, двигатель с непосредственным впрыском топлива. VII. Составьте предложения из следующих слов: 1. Hydraulic, its, offer, power, new, a, versatility, and, excavator, predecessor, then. 2. Operating, is, 47410lbs, greater, weight, allowing, stability, and, lift, improved, providing, capacity. 3. Used, engine, replace, diesel, Caterpillar, Perkins engine, previously. 4. Speed, engine, while, lower, fuel, noise, reduce, improving, efficiency, level. VIII. Задайте 5 вопросов к третьему абзацу данного текста. IX. Составьте план пересказа текста на английском языке.

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Дополнительные тексты. Задание I. Прочитайте текст, переведите, проанализируйте грамматику (определите видо-временные формы глаголов, неличные формы (причастия, герундий, инфинитив)) Задание II. Поставьте вопросы своему товарищу по содержанию текста

Text 1. A FELLER-BUNCHER (SKIDDER) In April 1992 “Tigercat” unveiled its 726 feller-buncher prototype at a logging expo in Tifton, Georgia. The 726, plus six more models and four felling heads (equipped with either a saw or shear and a gathering pocket) have resulted in 200 employees working in four plants. Today the corporation holds nine plants totalling 770000 square feet and 750 employees. In recent years sales increased and net income levels were maintained, investment in research and development continued. “Tigercat” now has almost 50 dealer locations in the USA and 30 locations in Canada. Its products are not over-engineered, just properly designed and purpose-built. What loggers want is rugged, reliable, durable, and easily maintained equipment. But since loggers are faced with adverse operating conditions and because forestry soil guidelines encourage loggers to use low ground pressure equipment and make fewer disruptive trips, “Tigercat” builds in extra strength, power and capacity. Cooper’s 630 exemplifies “Tigercat’s” innovations in design matters large and small. Its the world’s first serial production hydrostatic skidder. Essentially, the hydrostatic drive permits the engine to run at a constant speed, and operator to start, stop and accelerate with just two foot pedals, eliminating a thousand or more gear changes a day. They rotated the 726 engine 180 degrees. Creating a cleaner engine environment and radiator meant better cooling, which meant reduced maintenance. Rotating the engine also permitted mounting the numerous and heavy hydraulic pumps, immediately inside the engine access door. Operators can change oil in the “Tigercat” in a third of the time they could in the other machines. Also, a rearward shift of the center of gravity allowed the 720 and 726 feller-bunchers greater lifting capacity at the business end. “Tigercat’s” cabs are strong, with no plastic and no on-board computers. All of them are air-conditioned and sport an AM/FM stereo cassette and an ergonomic seat for operator comfort. Sloping the windshield in at the bottom, which is surmounted by a heavy frame, reduces the need for windshield wipers, which are easily wrecked by tree branches. The 860’s electro-hydraulic operated engine enclosure doors open to form a large work platform. Regardless of listing on uneven ground, operators can check the engine without jumping off into deep snow. All “Tigercat” ma19

chines sport joysticks for directional control and to operate the cutting heads. Managers of the company insist that safety is number two, and production is number three for them. Слова к тексту Tigercat – куница to unveil – зд. представить over-engineered – перегруженный инженерной мыслью purpose-build – построенный с определенной целью guidelines – основные направления disruptive – разрушительный, разрывающий to exemplify – иллюстрировать, являться примером to create – создавать to mean (meant, meant) – значить, означать

to sport – зд. иметь ergonomic – эргономичный (с научной организацией труда) to slope – зд. опускать windshield Am. E. = windscreen Br. E. – (переднее) ветровое стекло to surmount – зд. поддерживать enclosure doors – крышка капота (двигателя) regardless of – не обращая внимания на, невзирая на to list – крениться, наклоняться

Text 2. THE HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED CRANE. Tadano, a hydraulically operated truck crane (Japan), is a self-propelled boom crane whose distinctive features are the possibility of varying the boom radius, high maneuverability and high travelling speed. The basis of the machine is the truck carrier (steel chassis frame) with the mounted power unit, transmission and the PTO-device operating the hydraulic cycle. The crane is provided with the front jack and outriggers for the crane stability, hoisting equipment consists of the boom, jib and hook operated by means of the main hook block, of the winch, winch rope and the drum. The boom is of telescopic design. It is provided with the jib used when you need to reequip the crane for some different kind of work. The crane is hydraulically driven by means of hydraulic oil acting in hydraulic cylinders. The control of the hydraulic operations is performed by three levers, each one for controlling slewing, raising, lowering, extending and retracting the boom. There are two cabs in the crane one for the carrier driver and the other for the operator.

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General cautions in operating the hydraulic crane. 1. Check the hydraulic oil level with the crane in the travelling configurationы, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

to make sure that the spesified quantity is in the tank. After starting the engine, run it at low speeds to warm it up sufficiently. Before operating the PTO, make sure that the various levers and switctes are in their neutral or off position. Set the outriggers and level the crane before setting the front jack. Do not abruptly move the winch control lever. When lowering the hook block, leave at least two turns of the winch rope on the winch drum. When folding and unfolding the jib, hold it by the auxiliary winch rope and swing it slowly. Every month and every year periodically inspect the crane.

Notes to the text. PTO – устройство отбора мощности hydraulic oil – гидравлическая жидкость outrigger – боковая выдвижная опора front jack – передняя опора main hook block – главный грузоподъемный блок boom – стрела jib – гусёк to swing the boom – поворачивать стрелу to retract – втягивать (стрелу)

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Оглавление 1. Урок 1............................................................................................................................................... 2. Урок 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 3. Урок 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 4. Урок 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 5. Урок 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 6. Урок 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 7. Урок 7............................................................................................................................................... Дополнительные тексты....................................................................................................................... Текст 1 «A feller-buncher (skidder)»..................................................................................................... Текст2 «The hydraulically operated crane» ...........................................................................................

Литература.

1. Д.В. Можаев. Англо-русский и русско-английский лесотехнический словарь. М.1993 2. Б.В. Гольд, Р.В. Кугель. Англо-русский автотракторный словарь. М. 1972 3. Журналы 1. «Timberjack news» 1997/98, Хельсинки 2.«Commerce and industry» 1997. Онтарио (Канада) 3.«Caterpillar ground engaging tools» 6/1993, США

Машины лесного и строительно-дорожного комплекса: Методические указания по работе над текстами на английском языке для студентов II курса специальностей «Машины лесного комплекса» и «Строительно-дорожные машины». Сост.: И.Н. Шпакович, М.Н. Березина. — Хабар. гос. технич. универ., 1999

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