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fornia nal
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LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA
SAN DIEGO
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Donated
in
memory
of
John W. Snvder by
His Son and Daughter
A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS.
A
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF
MUSICAL TERMS
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
HARRY NEWTON REDMAN
BOSTON KNIGHT & MILLET
COPYRIGHT
BY
1901,
KNIGHT & MILLET.
LIST
OF CONTENTS, PACK
RULES
FOR
THE
PRONUNCIATION
OF
FRENCH,
GERMAN, AND ITALIAN
i
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS
.
.
i
PRONUNCIATION OF THE NAMES OF THE CHIEF
COMPOSERS AND ARTISTS
123
ABBREVIATIONS
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
127
IN
SONATAS
....
139
RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ITALIAN
FRENCH. VOWELS a
is
:
pronounced like a in Italian, but somewhat shorter, and is often rendered similar to the English a.
a like ah. e like n in cut. 6 like ay in day. e like e in where, e like a in i
or
i
German,
like ee in feet.
Short \
is
the same as in English.
as in Italian.
u
like
it
German.
in
DIPHTHONGS
:
ai as in bait,
ai before /-final or // should be rendered
as a diphthong al
and
eu, eu,
ei like
(ah'-ee),
but slightly separated,
6.
and oeu
like o in
German.
01 like oh-dk', but so slightly separated that like one syllable.
OU and ou
like oo in toot.
it
sounds
ii
RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF eau
like
long o without the vanish u. are rendered nasal when
Vowels and diphthongs
m
fol-
nd, nt, or mt at the end of a syllable except in the verbal ending of the third person
lowed by
n,
t
plural.
CONSONANTS
:
Consonants are pronounced the same as except in the following cases C the same as s in song before e, e,
in English,
:
ch
,
I,
and
/.
like sh.
g has the sound of z in azure when placed before ^, and gn the same as in Italian.
,
/,
,
/'.
h j
11
is
often silent.
like z in azure.
when placed lish
y
after
i is
usually rendered like the Engand often prolongs the i
(as a consonant),
(like ee).
n
is
nasal
and often given the English pronunciation.
m is nasal under certain conditions. r is rendered with
somewhat of a
roll.
s-final is silent. t-final is silent.
cr, et, es, est, ez,
dered like
when used
as final syllables, are ren-
/.
GENERAL RULE FOR ACCENTUATION: Lightly accent the last syllable of a polysyllabic word, but do not give any one syllable the strong stress usual in English words.
FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ITALIAN
til
GERMAN. VOWELS
:
Simple vowels are pronounced the same as in Italian
y
u
like / or
in
;
German.
Vowels are modified as follows a as in care, but somewhat broader. :
e as in fed.
6 has no equivalent in English. Long 6 may be rendered by placing the
lips to speak but saying d instead with the position of the
oh, lips
unchanged.
Short 8 of ii
pronounced by saying /
is
(as in fed) instead
d.
has no equivalent in English.
Long u may be rendered by
placing the lips to say oo
and saying ee (feet) instead. pronounced by saying I (hit) instead of
(toot),
Short u
is
DIPHTHONGS
:
ai and
ei like
ae like
a.
long f in write.
au like ow in how. eu and au like oi slightly separated (ah 1
CONSONANTS f , h, k,
1,
m,
same as in English. word is pronounced as but when ending a syllable or word it
n, p, t, the
in English,
syllable or
rendered like p.
d the same as or
-u).
:
b when beginning a is
ee.
word
;
when ending a syllable rendered like. &
in English, except
in that case
it is
IV
RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OP C like k
when placed before
a, e,
g
is
The j
and
a, o,
and u
;
like ts befor*
a.
1 usually hard, but also like z in azure in French anc Italian words in which g is so rendered.
syllables ang, eng, ing, ong, and ung ing a word terminate with a k sound.
when
end-
like_y (consonant).
qu r
i,
is
like kv.
rendered either with harsh breathing or a roll. beginning a syllable or word, and also before a vowel, has the sound of z (soft) ending a syllable
S when
;
placed before t and p, beginning a word, most frequently like sh otherwise a is pronounced as in English. or word, like sharp s
;
\
V like/
w like v (between v and w). X
like ks.
z likg
ts.
COMPOUND CONSONANTS: ch has no equivalent in English or
when placed
and
au,
it is
after
and
;
beginning a syllable,
a, 6,
i,
ii,
ai, ei, ae,
ae, eu,
soft (place the
but say h instead), a, o, u,
e,
ch
is
tongue to pronounce d, hard when placed after
au.
chs like x. sell like sh.
sp and st, see S. th like t. Accented syllables are rendered much the same as in with a strong stress. English,
AND ITALIAN
FRENCH, GERMAN,
V
ITALIAN.
VOWELS
:
Vowels being very open are never to be rendered as Vowels are long impure vowels or diphthongs. when ending accented syllables and short in unac-
when
cented syllables, or
occurring in accented
ones terminating with a consonant. a pronounced ah ah, but not d. e like ay in day, but without the vanish also has
before i
the sound of a in care
aw
as in fed
;
ee in feet
f in hit
;
;
when
before a
has the sound of y (consonant). or oh, but without the vanish .
vowel like
/,
when placed
r.
has the sound of
u
?,
i
like oo in toot
CONSONANTS
;
u in
full.
:
All consonants are softer than in English, the soft consonants being quite delicate. b, d, f , 1, m, n, p, qu, s, t, v, are rendered as in English. C sounds like k before a, o, u, or another consonant,
with the exception of C like ch in check before
e,
CC is like t-ch before e or
i.
g
is
is like
h
is silent.
e or
sounds
:
o, u,
i.
or another conso-
and n. canon (kan'-yon). 1
and gn like n in a softy or like z in azure when placed before
g
j
as follows
or like ch in chair before
hard when placed before a, nant, with the exception of
is like l-y,
gl
c,
i.
like
y in
you.
RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION
vi
r is
pronounced with a
roll
by placing the
tongue against the hard palate. In a doubled consonant the first syllable
Accented
not so strongly English, but are much dwelt upon. syllables are
is
tip of the
prolonged. as in
marked
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS. [The
marks used
diacritical
nunciation are those in most readily understood
A.
The
C
in this vocabulary to designate the pro. use by philologists, and will be
common
by the reader.]
sixth note in the natural diatonic scale.
(That of
major.)
A, //. (ah). At, to, by, in, on, for, with. A, Fr. (a). To, with, at, on, by. Ab, Ger. (ab). Off, of, from, down.
Abacas, Lot. (a-M-kus).
An
ancient instrument for divid-
ing the intervals of the octave. Aballata, ft. (a bal-/d'-ta). In the style of a dance. Ballata.
Freedom.
Abandon, Fr. (a-banA d8n^). Abbandonarsi,
To abandon
It.
(ab-ban-do--ze). to the influence of music.
Abbandonasi, Abbellare,
Abcidiren,
//.
//.
(ab-ban-do-wa-ze).
(ab-bel-/-re).
Ger.
See
To
Without
oneself
restraint.
embellish with ornaments.
A
(ab-se-<#r-'n).
of exercises in
series
which the names of the notes are used instead of words. Abbellime'nto,
It.
(ab-bel-le-fwJw-to).
; a, add ; a, care ; a, arm ; 6, old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo, moon
a, ale
e, ;
An
eve ;
u, lute ;
,
embellishment.
end ;
ii,
I,
but ;
ice ;
ii,
I,
ill ;
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
2
Ger.
Abblasen,
To sound
(a^-bla-z'n).
or flourish
the
trumpet.
Abendglocke, Ger. (a-bend-^/W-e). Evening bell, curfew. Abendlied, Ger. (o-bend-led). Evening-song.
Abendmusik, Ger. (a-bend-i00-zik). Evening music. Abendstandchen, Ger. (a-bend-j^Afi/-khen). A serenade. Abenteuerlich, Ger. (a-ben-/te>-likh).
Abgehend,
Ger. (a'3-ga-hend).
Abgestossen, Ger.
Bold, strange.
Dying away. Short, detached.
(atf-ghe-shtos-s'n).
An
Abgeleiteter akkord, Ger. (a^-ghe-li-te-ter ak-kord). inversion of a chord.
Ab
From
initio, Lat. (ab m-^-shi-6).
Abkurzungen, Ger.
Ger. (a^-na-mend).
Abnehmend,
the commencement.
(a'3-kiirt-soong-en).
Abbreviations.
Softening the tone.
To abridge. Abrege", Fr. (a-bra-zha). sudden stop. Abruptio, Lat. (ab-r^-shi-o). melodic phrase. Absatz, Ger. (atf-satz).
A
A
Abschwellen, Ger. Abspielen, Ger.
Diminishing.
(o^-schvel-1'n).
To perform on an instrument.
(a^-shpe-1'n).
Ger. (a^-shtim-moongk). Discordance. (o^-shtos-s'n). To detach. To play staccato.
Abstimmung,
Abstossen, Ger.
A
It.
capp^lla,
(a kap-/d/-la).
In the church or chapel
style.
A
//. (a
cappriccio,
//.
Accelerando,
In a capricious
kap^>r^-she-6).
It. (ak-ka-ret-zJ-v5-le).
AccarezzeVole,
(at-chel-a-ra-d6).
style.
Caressing, coaxing.
Gradually
growing
faster.
Accent.
Stress or emphasis placed
Acce'nto, It. notes.
Accentuate, a, ale ; a,
(at-cAdn-to).
//.
add ;
(at-chen-tocni-re). a,
care ;
a,
on
Emphasis
arm
; e,
To eve ;
certain tones. laid
upon
certain
accentuate. e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
////
OF MUSICAL TERMS It.
Acciaccato,
(at-che-ak-/a-to).
Violently.
It. (at-che-ak-ka-/<w-ra).
Acciaccatura,
appoggiatura. Accidental. sharp,
A
flat
3
The same
as a short
or natural not found in the
signature.
Accolade, Fr.
(ak-ko-/
A brace
connecting two or more
staves.
Accompaniment. That part of a musical composition which attends the melody or theme. Accord, Fr. (ak-kor). Accordato,
A
chord.
It. (ak-kor-ata'-to).
Accordatura,
Accordoir, Fr. Accresce'ndo,
In tune.
ft. (ak-kor-da-totf-ra).
(a.'k-'kor-d-wdr).
A
It. (ak-kre-stidn-do).
Concord, harmony. tuning instrument. Increasing.
To increase. Accresceie, It. (ak-kre-skd-re). For five parts. cinq, Fr. (a san^k). Action. The mechanism of an organ or piano.
A
Ad, Lat. Adagio,
(ad).
At,
to.
It. (a--je-o).
Slow.
Adagio assai, It. (a-da-je-o as-sa-e). Very slow. Slow, Adagio cantabile, It. (a-da-je-o kan-ta-te-la).
in
a
singing style.
Adagio con gravita,
It.
(a-da-je-o kSn.fra-ve-ta).
Slow with
gravity.
Adagio dim61to, It. (a-da-je-o de mol-to). Very slow. Adagio non tr6ppo, It. (a-da-je-5 non trSp-po). Not too slow. Slow and Adagio pattico, It. (a-da-je-6 pa-^-te-ko). pathetic.
Adagio pesante, It. Adagio poi allegro,
(a-da-je-o pa-zan-te). It. (a-da-je-5
Slow and heavy. Slow, then
po-e al-/J-gro).
quick. 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
o,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ;
ti,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
4 Ad Agio
sostenuto,
//.
Slow and
(a-da-je-o sos-ta-
sustained.
Adagissimo,
//.
Ad captandum,
(a-da^j-se-mo). Extremely slow. Lat. In a light and brilliant style.
Ad dolor ato,
It. (ad-do-16-ra-to).
A
(a dub).
Grieved.
For two. A deux mains, Fr. (a duh man). For two hands. A deux pianos, Fr. (a duh pe-o-no). For two pianos. A deux temps, Fr. (a duh tan/fc). In double time. Ad libitum, Lat. (ad /tf-i-tum). At will, at pleasure. Ad placitum, Lat. (ad/5/a-ci-tum). At pleasure. A due, //. (a doo-e). For two. A due c6Kle, //. (a doo-e &V-de). For two strings. A due c6ri, //. (a doo-e ko-re). For two choirs. A due strome'nti, It. (a doo-e stro-mdn-te). For two deux, Fr.
in-
struments.
A due v6ci, A dur, Gtr.
//. (a
^rophone, Fr. Affabile,
Affanato,
doo-e vo-che).
A
(a door).
A
(e-ro-fon).
It. Caf^S-be-le).
French reed instrument.
Uneasily.
Tender.
//. (af-fet-too-5-zo).
Affrettando,
voices.
Gracefully, gently.
It. (af-fa-wa-to).
Affettu6so,
For two
major.
Hurrying, quickening the
//. (af-fret-^'w-do).
time.
Affrett6so,
AgeVole,
To
It. (a^'J-vo-le).
Aggiustam6nte,
//.
Light.
a, ale ; a,
It.
add ;
Nimbleness.
(a-jel-zJ-te). a,
Without chan-
(ad-je-oos-ta-w
ging the time. Agilit6, Fr. (a-zhe-le-ta).
Agilm4nte,
Quick, accelerated, hurried. tune musical instruments.
It. (af-fret-/(?-zo).
Afindr, Sp. (a-fe-a>).
care ;
a,
arm
Lively, gay. ; e, eve ; e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
i,
///;
OF MUSICAL TERMS It. (aj-e-Ai'-to).
Agitato,
5
Agitated.
A grand chceur, Fr. (kUr). With A grand orchestra, Fr. (or-kestr).
full choir.
With
full orchestra.
Agre'ments, Fr. (a-gra-man^). Embellishments. Aigu, Fr. (a-gti). Acute, high, shrill. Air. Melody, tune. Air a boire, Fr. (ar a bwar). Drinking-song. Air chantant, Fr. (ar sha.nA-ta.nA). A singing melody. Air rapide, Fr. (ar ra-ped). A nourish.
Air tendre, Fr.
Air vari6, Fr. Ais, Ger.
(ois).
The
note
Ais-dur, Ger. (ois-door). Ais-moll, Ger. (ois-moll). Aise, Fr.
Love
(ar tan^-dr).
(ar va-ri-a).
song.
Air with variations.
A sharp. A sharp major. A sharp minor.
Glad, joyful easy, convenient. Chord.
(aiz).
;
Akkord, Ger. (ak-kdrd). Akt, Ger. (akt). Act. Al, It. (al). To the, up
to the.
A la, Fr. (a la). In the style of. A 1'abandon, Fr. (a la-ban/*-dSo6). With ease. A la chasse, Fr. (a la shass). In the hunting style. A la me me, Fr. (a la mam). In the same. A la A la
In time. me'sure, Fr. (a la ma-ziir). In the military style. militaire, Fr. (a la me-le-tdr). The music of a morning Alborada, Sp. (al-bo-ra-da). serenade.
Alcun6,
It.
(al-koo-J).
Al
It.
(aiy?-ne).
fine,
Alia br^ve, It. measure.
Alia caccia, 5,
(a/-la
It. (dl-Va.
old ; o, odd ;
6,
Some,
To
certain.
the end.
brd-vz).
^iV-che-a).
done ; oo, moon
Time
of
one breve in a
In the hunting ; u, lute ; u,
but ;
style. ii,
{French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
6
Alia camera, It. (a/-la kd-me-ra.). In chamber music style. Alia cappella, It. (a/-la kap-//-la). Vocal chorus without instrumental accompaniment.
Alia diritta,
It.
descending
(a/-la
de-r^-ta).
In direct ascending or
style.
Alia marcia, It. (a/-la war-che-a). In marching style. Alia moderna, //. (7-la m5-<2r-na). In the modern style. Alia Mortlsca, All' antic6,
It. (#7-la
In the Moorish style. mo-r&r-ka). In the ancient style.
//. (al-lan-te-^J).
Alia Palestrfna,
It.
Pa-les-ftv-na).
(dt-la.
In the style of
Palestrina (ecclesiastical).
Alia polacca,
It. (dl-\a.
po-/a/^-ka).
In the style of a polo-
naise.
Alia quinta,
//. (a/-la It.
Allargando,
quen-ta).
(al-lar-^B-d5).
At the interval of a fifth. Growing broader. Slower
and more marked. Alia rivrsa, It. (7-la re-vdr-sa.). In contrary motion. Alia Tede'sca, It. (dl-Ya. te-Jaz-ka.). In the German style. Alia Veneziana,
It.
(a/-la ve-na-tse-a-na).
In the Venetian
style.
Alia zingara, It. (a/-la /Ji?-ga-ra). In gypsy style. Alia z6ppa, It. (a/-la tsof-pa.). In a halting style. Alle, Ger.
All.
(dl-\e). It.
Allegramente,
(al-le-gra-Jw-te).
Cheerfully,
gaily,
lightly.
Allegrdnte,
It. (a\-\e-grdn-te).
Allegrettfno,
It.
movement slower than Allegretto,
It.
a, ale ; a,
//.
add ;
Lively.
Faster than andante
allegro.
(al-le-^-r
A
allegretto.
(al-le-r<W-to).
and slower than Allegre'zza,
Joyous, mirthful. A short allegretto.
(al-le-gret-/^-n6).
care
;
a,
arm
Liveliness. ; e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
//.
As
It. (al-Ia-^r^r-se-mo).
Allegrissimo, Allegro,
Allegro agitato,
quick as possible.
Quick.
(al-/-gro).
Quick and
It. (al-/-gro aj-e-te'-to).
Allegro appassionato,
f
It.
agitated.
(al-/-gro ap-pas-se-o--to).
Pas-
sionately joyful.
Allegro assai,
Faster than allegro. A comfortable
It. (al-/J-gro as-jw-e). It.
Allegro c6modo,
&7-m5-d5).
(al-/-gr5
degree of speed. Allegro COn brio, It.
(al-/tf-gro
kon
Quick, and with
bre-o}.
spirit.
Allegro con fu6co,
It.
(al
kon
A?-gro
Quick and.
foo-J-ko).
fiery.
Allegro COn m6tO,
It. (al-/V?-gro
kon
Quick, with an\
tno-to).
animated and energetic movement. Allegro con spirito, It. (al-/-gro kon j^-re-to).
Quick, with
energy. Allegro di bravura,
de bra-z/^-ra).
Quick, with
de mol-lo).
With much
It. (al-Af-gro
dash.
Allegro di m61tO,
It.
(al-/f-gr5
rapidity.
Allegro furi6so, Alle"gro giustO,
It.
Fast and furious.
(al-/-gr5 foo-re-J-zo).
It. (a.\-/d-grojoos-to).
An appropriate
degree
of rapidity.
Allegro ma grazi6so, but graceful.
It.
(al-/-gro
Allegro ma non presto, It. but not too much so. Allegro ma non tanto, but not too rapid.
(al-/
It. (al-/-gro
ma non tr6ppO, It. Quick, but not too rapid.
Allegro
6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
ma
done ; oo, moon
ma
ma
n6n/rJj-to).
n8n
(al-/*?-gro
;
Quick
gra tse-J-zo).
tan-to).
ma n5n
u, lute ; u,
but
:
ii,
Fast,
Quick trSp-^o).
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
8
Allegro moderate,//.
(iil-/d-gr6
It. (al-/-gr5
Allegro m61to,
Allegro risoluto,
It.
mod-eVa-to). Moderately fast.
mol-io).
Very
fast.
re-zo-/w-to).
(al-/J-gro
Quick and
resolute.
Quick and swift. Quick and spirited. Quick and lively.
Allegro ve!6ce,
It. (al-/
Alle*gro vivace,
It. (al-/<2-gr5 ve-z/o-che).
Allegro vivo,
It. (al-/
ve-vo).
Allegrusio, It. (al-le-^ra^-ze-o). Good-humored, sprightly. Alone, only. Allein, Ger. (a\-lm).
Alleinsang, Ger. (al-/f-sang).
Allentamento,
It.
A
solo.
Slackening. All 'ottdva, It. (al ot-ta'-va). An octave above or below. All 'unis6no, It. (al oo-ne-0J-n6). In unison. (al-len-ta-/-to).
Al piac^re, It. (al pe-a-^J-re). At pleasure. Al piu, It. (al pe-oo). The most. Al rig6re del te'mpo, It. (al re-^re del tdm-po).
In
strict
time.
Al rive'rso, //. (al re-^^-so). In contrary motion. Al segno, It. (al sdn-yo). To the sign :$:. See Segno. Alt, Ger.
Alt,
//.
(alt).
(alt).
m
Alto.
High +.
;
applied to the octave. -p-
^
f.
4=
OF MUSICAL TERMS
9
AmareVole, It. (a-ma-rJ-vo-le). Mournfully. Am6re, //. (a-wzJ-re). Love. Am6re, con. Fondly, tenderly. Amor6so, It. (a.-mo-ro-zo). Loving, tender. Anche, Fr. (an^sh). Reed. Anche, It. (an-ka). Also, Andacht, Ger. (o-dakht). Andante, It. (an-a'aw-te).
Andante and Andante
affettudso,
It.
likewise, too, even.
Devotion.
A
moderately slow movement.
(an-
Slowly
tenderly.
cantabile, singing manner.
Andante con m6to,
It.
It.
(an-dfo'-te can-to'-be-le).
(an-
kon
mo-to).
Slow, in a Slow, with
movement.
Andante grazi6so,
It.
Slow and
(an-^/aw-te gra-tse-^zo).
graceful.
Andante largo, It. (an-dan-te Idr-gS). Slow, distinct. Andante maest6so, //. (an-d?a-te ma-es-^J-zo). Slow and majestic.
ma non tr6ppO, It. (an-a?a-te Slow, but not too much so.
Andante
ma non
trSp-^o).
It. (an-dan ^-no). Strictly meaning slower than andante, but used often in the reverse sense.
Andantino,
Anfang, Ger.
(a'w-fang). Beginning. conductor, director, leader. Anfiihrer, Ger. (o'w-fuh-rer). Angemessen, Ger. (an-ghe-zr-s'n). Appropriate.
A
Angoscioso, //. (an-gos-che-J-zo). Plaintively. Angstlich, Ger. (J^rMikh). Fearfully. Anhang, Ger. (a-hang). Coda.
Anima, It. (aw-e-ma). Life. Animate, It. (an-e-/-to). Animated. 5,
old ; 6, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute ;
ii,
but ;
i\,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
IO
Anim6so, It. (an-e-/J-z6). Anklang, Ger. (a-klang).
Spirited.
Harmony.
Anlage, Ger. (a-la-ghe). The plan of a composition. Antecedent. The initial phrase of a melody, requiring to be followed by another called its consequent.
Antiphone, Gr.
Responsive singing. (<3:-te-f6-ne). term used to indicate the last half of a musical period, also the answer in a figure.
A
Antithesis.
Anwachsend,
Ger. (aw-vakh-send).
A piacere, It. (a pe-a-^-re). At A p6co, //. (a-/J-ko). By little.
Increasing.
pleasure.
Appassionato,
It.
(ap-pas-se-6-a-to).
Impassioned.
Appoggiatura,
It.
(ap-pod-je-a-rtTb-ra).
The accented appog-
giatura is a grace note placed before the real melodynote and taking the accent and part of the latter's
The long appoggiatura is now obsolete. short appoggiatura is a small eighth-note or sixteenth-note having a slanting stroke through the hook, time value.
The
A A A
and is played as rapidly as possible. quatre mains, Fr. (a katr maa). For four hands. siil).
quatre voix, Fr. (a katr vwa).
Arche, Ger. Arco,
//.
Ardito, Aria,
It.
(-khe).
(>-ko).
//.
Bow.
(ar-fl?-to).
(a-re-a). It.
Arietta,
Arioso,
It.
tative.
A
(a-re-#-ta).
(a-re-J-zo).
short aria.
A
long
A
style
aria.
betweeen the aria and
reci-
In instrumental music this term has the same
meaning as ale ; a,
Spirited, bold.
Air, melody.
Ariette, Fr. (a-re-et).
a,
For four soloists. For four voices. Sounding-board of an organ.
(a katr
quatre seuls, Fr.
add ;
a,
cantabile.
care ;
a,
arm
; e,
eve
;
e,
end ;
I,
ice
:
T,
*'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
I I
Arpa, It. (aV-pa). Harp. Arpege, Fr. (ar-pazh). Breaking a chord. Arpeggio, //. (ar-pad-je-6). A broken chord. Arsis, Gk. (a>-sis).
Up-beat. flat. As,_Ger. (as). The note As dur, Ger. (as door). The key of A-flat major. As moll, Ger. (as moll). The key of A-flat minor.
A
Assai,
Rather, very.
It. (as-j
Assai piu,
It.
Assez, Fr.
(as-sa).
(as-j-a-e
pe-oo).
Much
more.
Rather.
A te"mpo, It. (a tem-po). In time. A tre c6rde, //. (a tra kdr-Ae). For three strings. A tre v<5ci, It. (a tra vo-z\\S). For three voices. Attacca, It. (at-&f-ka). Begin what follows without pausing. Aufgeweckt, Ger. (0a/-ga-vekht). Agitated.
Aufhalten, Ger.
Auf schwung,
To
(ra/-hal-t'n).
suspend.
Ger. (<7o^schvoongk).
Soaring impetuosity.
Scene. Auftritt, Ger. (awf-tnt). Ausdruck, Ger. ((nvs-drook). Expression.
Aushalten, Ger.
To
(ows-ha.\-t'n).
sustain.
To
Ger. (<wj-shtim-men).
Ausstimmen,
The dominant
Authentic cadence.
tune thoroughly.
triad followed
by the
tonic.
Avec, Fr.
(a-vek).
With.
A vide, Fr. (a ved). Open. A volonte, Fr. (a vo-16n>4-ta). The seventh note of the Germans call B, " H."
B.
At
will.
natural diatonic scale.
The
Bacas, Sp. (b'a.-&ds). Quick tune on the guitar. Badinage, Fr. (bad-i-nazA). Playfulness. 6,
old
;
6,
odd
:
6,
done
:
oo,
moon
:
ft,
lute ; u, but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
12
Bagatelle, Fr. (bag-a-#/). Baguette, Fr. (bz-gket).
Bal, Fr.
A
Bar.
trifle.
A
drum-stick.
violin-stick.
Ball.
(bal).
BaldamSnte,
A
A
It.
(bal-da-w-te). Boldly. measures on the
vertical line dividing
staff.
The male voice intermediate between bass and tenor. Also a name given to the euphonium. Bass. The lowest male voice. The lowest part of a musical Barytone.
composition. Bass-clef.
F-clef
It.
(bds-so).
Basso,
Also a term used in place of contra-bass. on the fourth line. A term used at times in place of bass.
Basso cantante, It. (bds-so kan-Ai'-te). Vocal bass. Basso contfnuo, It. (i>as-so kon-#-noo-o). Thorough Baton. A stick used by conductors in beating time.
bass.
Bauernlied, Ger. (fow-ern-led). A rustic ballad. Beat. The motion of the hand or foot in marking time.
Bedeckt, Ger.
Stopped.
(be-dttt).
Begleiten, Ger.
To accompany.
(be-^/f-t'n).
Begleitung, Ger. (be-^/f-toongk).
An
accompaniment.
An example. Beispiel, Ger. (<$f-spel). Belebt, Ger. (be-lebt). Animated. Bmol, Ben,
A
Fr. (ba-mol).
It.
Well
(ban).
Berceuse, Fr.
term used to denote a
A
(bes-tfw*/).
(be-tont).
flat.
Decided.
Accented.
Bewegt, Ger. (be-vffgt). Agitated. Bien chante", Fr. (beyanA chan^-ta). Bis, Lat.
(bis).
(|>).
cradle-song.
The note B double
Bestimmt, Ger.
flat
very.
(ber-siiss).
Bes, Ger. (bes).
Betont, Ger.
;
Molto cantabile.
Twice.
Bizzarro,
It. (bet-foafr-ro).
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
Fantastical.
arm ;
e,
eve
;
e,
end :
T,
ice ;
I,
/'// ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
13
Blase-instrume'nte, Ger. (/a-ze-m-stroo-*/#-te). struments.
Wind
in-
Blech-instrume'nte, Ger. (blekh-in-stroo-w/w-te). struments.
Brass
in-
B B
mol, Fr. (ba mol). The note B flat. moll, Ger. (bd mol). The key of B-flat minor.
Bogen, Ger. (M-g'n). Bow, slur, or tie. Bourdonnement, Fr. (boor-don-mon^). Humming,
An
Bourre", Fr. (boor-ra).
singing.
old dance of Spanish or French
origin.
The
Brace.
sign
j
used to connect two or more staves.
An
Branle, Fr. (branA-le).
old French dance in 4-4 time.
The
Bratsche, Ger. (ra-tsche). It.
Bravura,
Breit, Ger.
to eight quarter beats or _
thus
It.
It.
Brindisi,
//. (bre-o).
Buona
nota,
Bdrla,
It.
old ;
6,
it is
equal written
Spirit, fire.
It.
Comic.
(bwo-na
(boor-\3).
A
first
Accented
no-ta).
Burlesque.
note of the natural diatonic
odd ;
6,
done
;
note.
jest.
Cachucha, Sp. (ka-fc^w-tcha). 6,
;
It is
Drinking-song.
Burle'sco, //. (boor-/Jj-k5).
The
notes.
Brilliant.
(brel-/a-te).
(bren-o-ze).
Biiffa, It. (boof-t).
C.
modern music
two whole
:
Brillante,
Brio,
brilliancy.
Stately, slow. longest note used in
(brit).
The
Breve.
Dash,
(bra-zw-ra).
viola.
Bridal song.
Braut-lied, Ger. (&r
oo,
A
moon ;
scale.
popular Spanish dance. u, lute ; u,
but ;
u, {French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
14
A
Cadence.
close,
an ending.
That part of a vocal or
It. (ka--tsa).
Cade*nza,
mental solo intended to display the technical
instru-
ability of
the soloist. Caisse, Fr. (kass).
Calando,
A
drum.
It. (ka-/z-d6).
Calcando,
//.
Decreasing. Increasing.
(kal-Azw-do).
Calma,
It.
Cal6re,
It. (ka-/<J-re).
(
Calm.
Warmth.
A
kind of composition in which two or more parts take up in succession the same melody or subject.
Canon.
Cantabile,
It. (kan-te'-be-le).
Cantando,
It.
Cantile'na,
//. (kan-ti-/-na).
In a singing
In a singing
(kan-&f-do).
A
style.
style.
ballad or popular song. In is used to indicate a flow-
instrumental music the term ing, song-like character.
Canto, It. (kdn-to). mental part.
Song
;
the highest vocal or instru-
Canto clef. The C clef when placed on the first line. Canto cromatico, It. (kdn-io kro-OTa-te-k5). Singing
in
semitones.
A
Canto f^rmo,
It. (kdn-to fdr-mo). subject for contrapuntal treatment.
melody given
as a
Canto figurato, It. (Mn-to fe-goo -ra-to). A figured melody. Canto fune'bre, It. (kdn-to foo-d-bre). A funeral song. Canto Gregoriano, It. (kdn-io gre-go-re-i'-no). The Gregorian chant.
A
term which It. (kdn-io na-ches-j-a-re-o). indicates the parts that are to sing through the piece. Canto primo, It. (kdn-to pre-mo). The first treble or so-
Canto necessario,
prano. a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
arm
; e,
eve
; e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
i, ill
;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Cant6r,
//.
A
(kan-tfr).
It.
Cantrice,
15
precentor.
A
(k&n-tre-che).
female singer.
Cant us, Lat. (Mn-tus). A melody. Canz6na, /A (kaiWj0-na). Song, ballad, canzonet. Capelle, Ger. (ka-///-le).
Capella alia,
//.
An
orchestra.
In church
(kap-///-la al-la).
Capellmeister, Ger. (&i'-pel-/*>ter). ductor of an orchestra.
Capo,
It.
//.
con-
Beginning or head.
(M-po).
Capriccio,
style.
Choir-master;
A
(ka-/r#-che-o).
composition written in a
capricious style.
Carezzevdle,
//. (ka-ret-tsa-z/^-la).
Carita,
It. (ka-r^-ta).
Feeling.
Carmen, Ger. (Mr-men). Carol.
A
tion.
Soothingly.
Chime.
Carillon, Fr. (ka-re-yon^).
A
song, a tune.
name given to songs of praise, joy, and exultaOf such character are the songs which celebrate
Christmas and Easter. Cassa,
A
It. (>a'.r-sa).
bass drum.
A short song. The term is frequently used by opera composers to indicate a vocal air of less extent than the aria, and with little or no
Cavatina,
It.
(ka-va-^-na).
embellishment.
A
Caxa, Sp. (kax-a).
drum.
Decrescendo
Cdez,
Fr. (sa-da).
Celere,
It. (cAd-le-ra).
Celeste, Fr. (sa-/rf).
;
also to follow the voice.
Rapid. Celestial, heavenly.
An organ stop. composition formed by selections from one composer's works.
Celestina,
//.
(cha-les-/-na).
A
Cento.
Ces, Ger. (tses). 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
C
t>.
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute
;
ii,
but
; u,
(French}.
1
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
6
Cetra,
It.
A
(cka-tra).
small harp.
An instrumental
composition in i time and slow tempo, usually founded on a ground bass. Chamade, Pr. (sha-z&/). Signal for a parley or surrender by beat of drum.
Chaconne.
Vocal or instrumental compositions whose them more suitable for performance in a room or small hall than in halls of large dimension.
Chamber-music.
nature renders
Under
head are placed sonatas for one or more
this
instruments, songs, string-quartets, Chanson, Fr. (shan/fc-son/fc). song.
etc.
A
A short
Chansonnette, Fr. (shan/fc-son-#). Chant de noel, Fr. (shanb diih no-el).
A
song.
Christmas
carol.
Characterstucke, Ger. (^a-rac-ter-shtiick-e). A name given to short instrumental compositions of a descriptive style.
Chef, Fr.
Chief.
(shef).
Chest-register. Chest tones, i >
Chest voice. j Chest, wind.
The lower ,
i
register of the voice.
he lowest register of the voice.
A
reservoir in an organ for holding
Chiaro,
It.
Chiave,
It. (ke-a-va).
(ke-a-ro).
air.
Clear, brilliant tone.
A clef,
or key.
Chevrotement, Fr. (she-vrot-monA).
A
tremor or shake in
singing.
Choeur, Fr. (kuhr).
Choir, chorus.
Chor, Ger. (k5r). Chorus. Choral. An early German Protestant church hymn-tune, or
a hymn-tune of that Chord.
style.
Two or more tones
of different pitch united accord-
ing to the laws of harmony. a, ale ;
a,
add ;
&,
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Chorus. A body of singers them.
Chroma, Gr.
also a composition written for
;
The chromatic
(kro-ma).
I/
signs.
also relating to by semitones those tones that are foreign to a given key.
Chromatic.
Proceeding
Cinq, Fr. (sanAk).
;
Five.
An old C1 (tsls).
Cinque-pace.
Cis, Ger. Clams, Lat. (//a'-rus).
dance having a Loud,
A
Clave, Lat. (/a-ve). Clavier, Ger. (klay^r). Clavis, Lat. (/
key
The
A
five-step
movement.
clear, bright.
a
;
cleft.
pianoforte.
key
;
a
clef.
A
character placed at the head of the staff to indicate the position of one note, and thereby that of the
Clef.
remaining notes.
C major.
The
diatonic scale, or key of C, without flats or
The
diatonic scale, or key of C, with the third
sharps.
C minor. and
C C
sixth flatted.
moll, Ger. (tsa moll). The key of C without flat or sharp. natural. It. (fe^da).
C6da,
A
C
minor.
few measures added to the end of a
piece of music.
C6da
brillante,
It. (ko-fa.
brel-/a-te).
A
brilliant termina-
tion.
Col,
It.
(koll).
With
the.
With the bass. With the melody or voice. With the left hand. Colla sinistra, //. (kol-la se--tra). With the voice. The acColla v6ce, It. (kol-la vo-che).
Col basso, Col canto,
//.
(k51 &zj-so).
It,
(k81 kdn-io).
companist to take the time from the singer. 5,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
u,
(French).
I
PRONOUNCIATG DICTIONARY
8
Coll' Ottdva,
Coloratura,
//. (kol-1' dt-Az-va).
It.
(ko-15-ra-/^-ra).
ing brilliancy to a vocal
To be played in octaves. Runs, passages, trills, addinstrumental
or
composi-
tion.
C6me,
It.
As,
(/J-me).
like.
C6me prima, It. (ko-mz pre-ma). As at first. C6me supra, It. (/J-me j-pra). As above. C6me sta, //. (ko-me sta). As it stands. Perform
exactly
as written.
Common Common
time.
Double or quadruple
turn.
A
time.
turn consisting of a principal note, the and the note below.
note above it, Compass. The range of notes of which any voice or ment is capable.
A
Complesso, It. (kom-//Jj-so). which is complete.
Compound
intervals.
instru-
term applied to a chord
Those which exceed the extent of an
octave. It.
Con,
With.
(k5n).
Con aband6no,
//.
(kon
With
a-ban--no).
passion, with
ardent feeling.
Con animo, Concento,
//.
It.
With animation.
(kon a-e-mo).
(kon-cAdn-to).
Concord.
Harmony of
voices
and instruments. Concerted music.
Compositions written for several voices
or instruments.
Concert-master. Concerto.
A
The
leading
first violinist
of an orchestra.
composition of length for a solo instrument
with orchestral accompaniment, generally in symphonic form, but with three movements. Concertstuck, Ger. (k8n-tairf-shtiik). a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
arm
;
e,
A
eve ;
concert-piece. e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
Accessory sounds. and conducts an orchestra or
Concomitant sounds.
One who
Conductor.
19
drills
chorus. It. (kon-s5-/aw-te). Consoling. Contera, Sp. (kon-ta-ra). Prelude. Contra bass. A double bass.
Consolante,
In Germany the term (See Alto.) times used to indicate the lower alto voice.
Contralto.
Fr. (kor).
Cor,
C6rchea, Sp.
A
It. (Mr-da.).
C6rno,
It.
A A
(kdr-no).
It. (ko-ro).
C6ro,
A
crotchet.
string.
horn.
Chorus.
The
Counterpoint.
some-
horn.
(/<*r-ka-a).
C6rda,
is
art of
combining two or more melodies
according to the laws which govern polyphonic composition.
Counter tenor. //.
Crescendo, sound.
Cr6mmo,
It.
Crotchet.
High
The
tenor.
(kre-j^Jw-d5).
(krom-mo).
A
highest male voice. Increasing the volume of
choral dirge.
A quarter-note.
Music inserted in small notes just before the entrance
Cue.
of a voice or instrument in concerted music to suggest the entrance of that part.
Cum D.
Da,
cantu, Lat. (kum Mn-tu).
The second note It. (da).
ta-po). It.
song.
of the natural diatonic scale.
By, for, from,
Da capo, It. (da Da capo al fine,
With
(da
of.
From M-po
the beginning. al /-ne).
From
the begin-
ning to the end. 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
2O Da capo
al se'gno,
It. (da-&i'-po al
ning to the sign
Da
senza
capo
From
sdn-yo).
the begin-
:g;.
It. san-tsa (da kd-^po repetizi6ne, From the beginning without repeti-
ra-pa-te-tse-J-ne). tion. It. (dal-ye).
Dagli,
Dai,
It. (da-e).
Dal,
It. (dal).
DalP,
It. (dall').
Dalla,
It.
Dalle,
It.
Dallo,
It.
Dal
^
(dal-\o).
se'gno,
It.
To
the,
From
(ddm-pter).
Da
(da skdrt-so).
It.
the,
from
the, for the.
_
(dal sdn-yo).
Dampfer, Ger. scherzo,
by
A
the sign
;g:.
(See Segno.)
damper, or mute. Lively, playful.
Decdnto, Lat. (da-&z#-to). To sing, to chant. D&ide", Fr. (da-^-da). Decided. Deciso,
It.
Decided, energetic. In declamatory
(da.-cAe-zo).
Declamando,
It.
(dek-1'a.-mdn-do).
Decresce'ndo, It. (da-kre-j^Jw-do). of sound. Deficie'ndo,
Degli,
//.
Degree. Dei, Del',
It.
Decreasing the volume
Dying away.
(da-fe-che-
Of
the; than the. tone of a major or minor scale.
(dal-ye).
Any
style.
Disconnected.
Decompose", Fr. (da-k8m-/-za).
Of the; than
It. (da-e).
It. (dal).
the.
"I
Dell', It. (dall').
Delia,
It.
(ddl-\a.).
Delle,
It.
(ddl-\e).
Dello,
It. (ddl-\o). J
a,
ale ; a,
add ;
&,
i>
Of
care ;
the; than the.
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
T,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Deliberate, //.
Delirfo,
It.
//.
Deliziosame'nte,
sweetly. Demi, Fr. (de-me).
Des, Ger.
D
It.
Right.
Detached, staccato.
Two.
(dii).
Dev6to, //. (da-z>J-to). Deztra, Lot. (dex-tra.). Di, It. (de). Diatonic.
Desire, longing.
Sprightly.
Detach^, Fr. (da-ta-sha).
Deux, Fr.
of a tone.
b.
It. (^fj-tra).
Destra,
Deliciously,
Half.
(da-se-o^-re-o).
It. (das-id).
style.
(de-le-tse-6-za-/w
The lowering
(des).
DesideYio,
D&tO,
In a delicate
Frenzy.
(de-/-re-o).
Depression.
Deliberate.
(de-le-ba-ra-to).
It. (del-e-&z-t6).
Delicate,
21
In a devotional
style.
Right.
Of, from, to.
A
term used to describe the tones of the major
or minor scale.
Di chiaro, It. (de ke-a-ro). Clearly. Di c6lto, It. (de kol-to). At once. Difficile, It. (defy?-che-le).
Di gala,
It.
(de
It.
Dilue'ndo,
Difficult.
Merrily.
^vi'-la).
Dying away.
(de-loo-J-d5). It.
Diminuendo,
(de-me-noo-^-do).
Diminishing in loud
ness.
Di nu6vo,
It.
(de noo-J-v5).
Again, anew.
D
1 Dis, Ger. (dez). Discant. The treble or soprano voice. It.
Disinv61to, Distinto, Divisi, 6,
//.
It.
(dez-en-zJ/-to).
(des-^-t5).
(de-w-ze).
old; o, odd ;
6,
Free, graceful.
Distinct.
Divided.
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ;
ii,
but
;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
22
It. (de-3w-toj.
Div6to,
The
Do.
Italian
Devoutly.
name
It is also the
for C.
name
of the
degree of any scale. Sweet, soft. D61ce, It. (atf/-che). first
Dole"nte,
Dol6re,
Plaintivt, sad,
It. (do-/*<-te).
Grief.
//. (do-/J-re).
Sorrowful.
It. (do-lo-r-z6).
Dolor6so,
Dominant. The fifth note in the scale. Donner une serenade, Fr. (don-na un
To
ser-en-&/).
serenade.
D6pO, It. (do-po). After. Doppel, Ger. (a^-p'l). Double. Doppio, //. (o^-pe-6). Double.
D6ppio movime'nto,
//.
T\\ice as
(o^-pe-o mo-ve-/w
fast.
An
Double.
obsolete term for variation.
Doucement, Fr. (doos-ma.nh). Gently, softly. Doux, Fr. (doo). Gentle, soft. Doux mais soutenu, Fr. (doo ma .nw-te-nti).
Soft
but
sustained.
Drangend, Ger. (drdn-gend). Drei, Ger.
(dri).
Dreiklang, Ger. Dreist, Ger.
Hurrying, hastening.
Three. (
Dreigstigkeit, Ger. Dreistimmig, Ger.
Three tones, a
triad.
Bold.
(drist).
(
Boldness.
(
For three
parts,
or
voices.
Drohne, Ger. Droit
Due,
(c), It.
Dulcet. a,
ale ; a,
A
(dro-ne).
Fr. (drwa).
(doo-e).
heavy tone.
A
drone.
Right.
Two.
Soft.
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
T,
ice
;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Ger. (doomph).
Dumph,
It.
Duolo,
Of a
dull,
23
hollow sound.
Sadness, melancholy.
(dwo-\o).
Double.
Duple.
Double rhythm.
of two beats to a measure.
Rhythm
Dur, Ger. (door). Durdle,
Major. Harsh. (doo-ra-le).
It.
Durame'nte,
//.
(doo-ra-/-te).
Durch, Ger. (doorkh).
Harshly.
Through.
Durchfuhrung, Ger. (<:wM-fu-roongk).
The development
of a theme.
Duster, Ger.
Dux,
The
E. E,
It.
Gloomy.
(diis-ter).
The
Lot. (dux).
subject or
theme of a fugue.
third tone in the natural diatonic scale.
And.
Ebollime'nto, It. (a-b61-le-7w
Eccheggiante, Eclat, Fr.
Ed,
(a.-kla).
It. (ad).
A
sudden and impas-
Echoing, resounding.
(ek-kad-je-o-te). Same as Brio.
And. Evenness, smoothness.
Egalite", Fr. (ji-gal-e-ta).
To
Eilen, Ger. (M'n). Eilig, Ger. (T-lig).
Ein, Eins, Ger.
hasten.
In a hurried
(in, Ins).
style.
One.
Einfach, Ger. (f-fakh). Simple. Einhalten, Ger. (fw-hal-t'n). To pause. Einleitung, Ger. (f-li-toongk).
Einschlafen, Ger. (f-shla-f n). Eis, Ger.
(is).
6,
old ;
8,
It.
odd ;
die away.
E1
Elegante, Fr. and
Eleganza,
Introduction.
To
It. (el-a-^aw-te).
(el-aa-tsa). 6,
Elegant, graceful.
Elegance.
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute ; u, but ; u, (French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
24 Elego, Sp.
Plaintive.
(el--go).
Lofty, sublime. Brisk, lively. Emeiillonne', Fr. (a-ma-ril-j/^w-na). Empater les sons, Fr. (an^-pa-ta la sonA). To produce a
Elevate,
It. (el-e-z/a-to).
very smooth and suave legato. Empfindungsvoll, Ger. (empyVtt-doongs-fol).
With emo-
tion.
Emphatique, Fr.
(a.nA-fa.-te&). Emphatic. Emporte", Fr. (an>-por-ta). Carried away by feeling. Empress^, Fr. (anA-pres-sa). Eager, in haste.
En
elargissant, Fr. (an a-lar-zhis-sanA).
Eneigia, Eneigico, Enfasi,
//. (en-^r-je-a).
ft.
//.
(en-
(en^'-ze).
Same as allargando.
Energy. Vigorous.
Emphatic.
To increase the tone. Enfler, Fr. (UnA-fld). Engfuhrung, Ger. (eng^^-roongk). The stretto in a fugue. term used to indicate a change in name, Enharmonic.
A
but not in pitch of any tone, interval, chord, or scale. Thus, for example, the note C may be named B 9 or
Dbb. Enjoue', Fr. (an^-zhoo-a).
Cheerful, gay.
Ensemble music. Concerted music. more thansone performer.
Music intended for
En serrant, Fr. (anA ser-ranA). Pressing. Entr'acte, Fr. (an^-tr' akt). Music intended for performance between the acts of an opera or play. Entschlafen, Ger. (ent-j^/a-fn). Entschlossen, Ger.
En
E
It. fe
ale
; a,
p5-e).
//.
And
then.
(e-^a-be-le).
add ;
a,
care ;
Diminuendo. In a determined manner.
In voice.
voz, Sp. (en voth).
poi,
Equabile, a,
(ent-j^/Jj-s'n).
a,
Equal, smooth.
arm
;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
///;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
2$
Erfreulich, Ger. (er-froi-likA). Joyful. Affected, stirred. Ergriffen, Ger. (er-^r^-f n). Erhaben, Ger. (er-^a-b'n). Lofty, sublime. Ger. (er-*w0<w-te-roongk).
Ermunterung, Ernst, Ger.
It. (er-J-i-ko).
Erdico, Erotic.
A
Amatory.
Erst, Ger.
love-song.
First.
(erst).
To
Ersterben, Ger. (er-j^#r-b'n.)
Ger. (er-z/-oongk).
Erweckung, Es, Ger.
It.
Esempio, Eses, Ger.
It.
Espirando, Espressivo,
It.
It.
To
It.
(es-pras-se-J-ne).
Dying away. Hardly audible.
(es-ten-J-d6).
(es-#-to).
Estrincie'ndo,
//.
Expression.
Expressive.
(es-pras-^-vo).
It.
Hesitation.
adorn. Expiring, dying away.
(es-pe-ra-do).
It.
Estinguendo, Estlnto,
(ez-e-ta-*-to).
(ez-or-a-re).
Espressi6ne,
Example.
E^.
(az-az).
It.
Exact, true.
(eW/-pe-6).
Esitam^nto, Esonare,
die away.
Awakening, animation.
E^.
(az).
It. (ez-a'Ato).
Esatto,
Animation.
Earnest, serious, grave. Heroic.
(ernst).
(es-tren-che-J-do).
Playing with decis-
ion.
Estrini^nda, It. (es-tre-ne-
To
Etendre, Fr. (a-tanAdr). Etouffe", Fr. (a-toof-fa).
Etwas,
Ger. (//-vas).
Eutimia,
It.
Somewhat,
(yoo-^-me-a).
Eveill^, Fr. (a-va-ya).
extend.
Stifled, muffled.
rather.
Vivacity.
Lively. t
6,
old ; o, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
26
Exposition. Development. Expressif Fr. (ex-pres-j^/").
Expressive.
,
F.
Fa.
The fourth tone in the natural diatonic scale. The syllable used for the note F in the " fixed do system of notation it is also the name of the fourth '
;
degree of the diatonic scale.
An
Fabe'lla, Lat. (fa-<W-la).
Fr.
Facile,
Facilita,
(i'i-sel)
and
ft. (fa-chel-e-ta).
Facilit^, Fr.
interlude.
It. (fa-
Easy.
)
(fa-se-le-Af).
J
Weak. Faible, Fr. (/?-bl). To execute. Faire, Fr. (far). Falsetto,
The highest register of a voice. flourish of trumpets or a trumpet-call. The
It. (fal-j//-to).
A
Fanfare.
term
is
position
Fantastico.
also
used as the
composed It.
title
(fan-&'j-te-ko).
) f
Fastastique. Fr. (fan-tas-#).
It. (fas-/J-zo).
Fantastic.
'
A
In a fantastic
manner.
\
Fantastisch, Ger. (fan-&w-tish).
Farandole, Fr. (fa.-ra.nA-Jo/). France in 6-8 time.
_
> %
Fastdso,
of an instrumental com-
in the style of the above.
lively
dance of Southern
Pompous.
Festival. Feier, Ger. (ft-er). Feier-gesang, Ger. (Jt-ei-ghe-sdngA). Festival hymn. Festive, solemn. Feierlich, Ger. ( /V-er-likh).
Fein, Ger.
(fin).
Fermame'nte,
It.
Delicate, refined. (far-ma-wzdw-te).
With
firmness.
Fermata, It. (far-wza-tay. A pause, hold, interruption. F6rmo, //. (fdr-mo). Firm, decided. Fer6ce, a,
//. (fa-rJ-che).
ale ; a,
add ; a care ;
Wild, a,
fierce.
arm ;
e,
eve
; e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
2/
It. (far-#-te). Fervent, passionate. Fb. Fes, Ger. (fes). festival. Fest, Ger. (fest).
Fervente,
A
Feste, Ger.
1
(/fc-te).
Festigkeit, Ger. (yZMlg-klt). ) Festiglich, GVr. (//j-tlg-likh).
Firmly. Solemn. Festlich, Ger. (_/2rMikh). Solemnity. Festlichkeit, Ger. (/rf-likh-kit). Feuer, 6Vr. (yb-er). Fire, passion.
Languishing. Fidcco, / (fe-
FigurA,
fierce.
Wild,
It. (fe-J-ro).
Fiero, Fifth.
An
interval containing five degrees.
It.
(fe-goo-ra).
A
motive; a group of notes.
It.
Figurate counterpoint,
(fe-goo-ra-ti).
somewhat rapid phrases or changing and passing notes. sisting of
Fin, Fr. (fan^).
close.
End,
Last
It. (fe-wa-le).
Finale,
mental composition in an opera.
;
movement
It.
(/?-ne).
End,
close.
Fino,
//.
(y^-no).
Till,
up
It.
//.
Fioche"tto,
To
(fen-que).
(fe-5-&-t6).
FiorltO, It. (fe-6-r^-to). F $. Fis, Ger. (is). Fistel, Ger. (/&-t'l).
Flat.
A
character
lowers 6,
old ;
5,
it
of a vocal or instru-
also the closing
Fine,
Flnqui,
Counterpoint configures containing
to,
number
of an act
as far as.
this place.
Faint, veiled.
Florid, embellished.
Feigned voice. Falsetto. which when placed before a note
(k)
a half-tone.
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
U,
(French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
28 ,
//.
Mournful.
(/&?-be-le).
Flexible.
It. (fles-j^-be-le).
Flessibile,
A
flourish. F16reo, Sp. (yfJ-ra-o). Florid. term given to music embellished with figures,
A
runs, etc.
Fliichtig, Ger. (fltikh-tig).
Fluted, Fr. (yf-ta).
F6co,
Fire, ardor.
It. (/<J-k5). //.
Focosissimo,
Lightly, hastily.
Soft, sweet.
Fois, Fr. (fwa). Time. Folatre, Fr. (io-latr). Playful,
F6rte,
Very ardently.
(f6-k6-zr-se-m6).
It. (for-te).
lively.
Loud.
As loud
Forte possibile, //. (for-te p6s-j-be-le). Force. Fortezza, It. (f5r-/3/-za). Fortissimo,
Very loud.
It. (for-ter-se-mo).
To
F6rtsingen, Ger. (/0r/-sing-en). F6rza, It. (/
Forzando, chord
For z are,
To
It. (for-tsa-re).
Franche"zza,
term used when a note or
strengthen.
interval containing four degrees. It.
(fran-&?/f-za).
Fred6nner, Fr. (fra-atf-na). Frei, Ger. (in).
Frescame'nte, Fresco,
continue singing.
to be strongly accented.
An
Fourth.
A
It. (for-tsdn-dd).
is
as possible.
Confidence, freedom.
To
triU, to
shake.
Free.
//.
(fres-ka-wJ-te).
It. (fres-Vio).
Vigorously.
Vigorous.
Frdtta, It. (frM-ta.). Haste, speed. Freude, Ger. (/roy-de). Joy.
Freudengesang, Ger. (/r0y-d'n-ge-sdng&). Freudig, Ger. (froy-dlg). Frisch, Ger. a, ale ; a,
(frish).
add ;
a,
Song
of joy.
Joyful
Lively, vigorous.
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
!,
ice ;
i, *'//
;
OF MUSICAL TERMS It.
Frlvolo,
Frivolous,
(fre-vo-\o).
Frb'hlich, Ger. (/r^-llkh).
trifling.
Joyous, gay. Funereal, mournful.
Funebre, Fr. (fu-n/dr). Funf-stimmig, Ger. (funf-shtim-mig). It. (foo-J-ko).
Fu6co, Furia,
It.
Fur6re,
ft.
(foo-rJ-re).
Fuss, Ger. (foos).
The
|
_ _. It. (foo-re-0-zo).
Fusa, Lat. (yw-sa).
G.
five parts.
Fury, passion. _ ( r unous, passionate.
(foo-re-&7-do).
.
Funoso,
For
Fire, spirit.
It. (foo-rz-a.).
Furib6ndo,'
2Q
Fury, passion, vehemence.
A
quaver. Foot.
tone in the natural diatonic scale.
fifth
Gay, brisk.
Gaglidrdo, It. (gal-ye-a>-do). Gai, Fr. (ga). Lively, gay.
It. (ga-ya-/#-te). Gaily, cheerfully. Galante, Fr. (ga-lan^) and It. (ga-/a-te). Graceful. Galanterstyl, Ger. (ga-/a^-er-shtel). Free style; ideal
Gajame'nte,
Gamut.
A
scale, or staff
key of G. Ganz, Ger. (gants).
;
also
Whole,
style.
an old English term for the
entire
;
also, all, very.
Ganz langsam, Ger. (gants lang-sa.m). Very slowly. Ganze note, Ger. (^a'w-tse wo-te). A whole note. Garbatamente,
It.
(gar-ba-ta-wzJ-te).
Gargdntear, Sp. (gar-^aw-te-ar).
Gauche, Fr. (gozh). Left. Gaudlnte, It. (ga-oo-
It.
(ga-oo-de-J-z5).
To
Gracefully.
quaver; to warble.
)
)
Gayme'nte, Sp. (ghe-mdn-te). Gaily, lively. The character used to fix the position of one G-clef. lined G on the staff also called treble-clef. ;
o,
old ; 5, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute ; u, but ;
ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
30
Gebr6chen, Ger. (ghe-^^J-kh'n). Broken, arpeggioed. Gebr6chene akk6rde, Ger. (ghe-rJ-kh'n ak-^Jr-de). Broken chords.
Gebunden, Ger. (ghe-&w-d'n). Tied, legato. Gedampft, Ger. (ga-ddmpff). Muted. Pleasure, liking. Gefallen, Ger. (ghe^2/-'n). Graceful. Gefallig, Ger. (ghe/a/-lig). Gefuhl, Ger. (ghe-fiM). Emotion, expression. Gehalten, Ger. (ghe-/*a/-t'n). Held, sustained.
Ghend,
Andante.
Ger. (^vf-end).
Gelassen, Ger.
Calm.
(ghe-/a'j-s'n).
Fluent. Gelaufig, Ger. (ghe-Ay-fig). Gelaufigkeit, Ger. (ghe-Ay-fig-kit). Celerity, fluency, velocity. Gemachsam, Ger. (ghe-md&A-sam). ) Comfortable, easy-
Gemachlich, Ger. (ghe-ma&A-Hkh). ) going. Gemahlig, Ger. (ghe-;w-lig). By degrees. Gemassigt, Ger. (ghe-wd'j-sigt). Moderate. Ger. (ghe-miit).
Gemuth,
Soul, feeling.
Gemuthlich, Ger. (ghe-w^-likh). Gener6so,
It.
Gentil. Fr. (zhan^-tel). Gentfle,
It.
_
GraCeful \
(jen-^-le).
Gerdde taktart, Ger.
)
Common
(ghe-^
A
Geriesel, Ger. (ghe-r^-z'l). Ges, Ger. (ghes). Gb.
Gesang, Ger. (ghe-ja^). melody,
Expressive.
Noble, dignified.
(ja-ne-rJ-zo).
soft,
time.
murmuring sound.
Art of singing; song, hymn,
air.
Geschick, Ger. (ghe-sAM).
Skill, dexterity.
Slurred, legato. Geschleift, Ger. (ghe-j/4/y?). Geschwind, Ger. (ghe-sAvfnd). Rapid, swift.
Gesteigert, Ger. (ge-j^A"-ghert). a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm ;
Crescendo. e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice
; T,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Getheilt, Ger. (ghe-#). Geteilte, Ger.
31
)
I
Getrdgcn Ckr (ghe-^-g'n).
Gezogen, 6Vr. Gioche'vole,
It.
Giocondame'nte, Gioc6so, Gi6ja,
Confidently.
//. (je-6-&?-v6-le).
Giocolarme'nte,
//.
Giocdndo,
It.
Giusto,
It.
Playful.
Joy. Jovial, cheerful.
Jubilant.
(joo-be-/^zo). (joo-5-&z'-te).
Playful.
Suitable, strict, (tempo-giusto), exact
It. (joos-to).
fast.
Allegro giusto, moderately
Giust^zza,
Precision.
It. (joos-6?/-sa).
Smooth, even. Glatt, Ger. (glat). Alike, equal. Gleich, Ger. (gllkh). Gleichstimmig, Ger. (^/f^^-shtim-mig). Gleiten, Ger.
(glt-t'n).
Glissdndo,
//.
G16sa, Sp.
(glo-za.).
Gorg6ggio,
//.
Joyfully, gaily.
Gay.
(je-6--d6).
Gioviale, //. (je-6-ve-a-le). Gl. Gis, Ger. (ghls). It.
Merrily.
(je-o-k6n-da-/J-te).
It. (iz-o-ko-zo).
Giuocante,
Playfully.
(je-5-ko-lar-w-te).
It. (je-J-ya).
Giubil6so,
J
(get-eo-g'n).
Getrost, Ger. (ghe-trost).
To
(gles-jaw-do).
A
Harmonious.
glide.
Gliding.
variation.
A
(gor-^
trill,
a shake, in singing.
Gout, Fr. (goo). Taste, style. Grace. An embellishment not essential to the melodic or harmonic structure of a composition. The long appogit was written as a small giatura is an exception (grace) note in order to evade the rule against the use of unprepared dissonances. ;
6,
old ; 8, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ;
ii,
out ;
ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
32
Gracieux. Fr. t
(e-rd-si-uh).
u-1-/
,
Gracile,
r , It. (^ra-che-le).
)
Graceful.
l
)
Gradualme'nte, It. (gra.-doo-a.\-mdn-tS). ' _ , , ,, Graduellement, Pr. (gra.-d'wel-ma.n&). ..
Grand, Fr. (gran^). It.
Granddzza,
Grdn gusto,
Dignity, grandeur.
(gran-de-J-zo).
It.
//.
(gra-ve).
Tempos. A term used movement. Gravisonante, It.
Gradually.
Large, great.
(gran-^f^-sa).
Grati6so, It. Grave, Fr. (grav) and
Grazia,
r
\
Grand, majestic. (gran goos-to). Lofty, elevated. Grazioso. (gra-te-J-zo).
It.
Grandi6so,
\ )
It.
One
of the slowest
and serious
to denote a slow
(gra-ve-zo-wa'w-te).
Loud
sounding.
Grace.
(,ro-tse-a).
Graceful. Grazi6so, It. (gra-tse-J-zo). Greater. Major. Shrill, acute. Grell, Ger. (grell).
Low
Grob, Ger. (grob).
voice, bass.
Gross, Ger. (gros).
Grupp6tto,
It.
Great, grand, major. (grup-/#-to). At the present time this term
is
given to the turn and various groups of grace-notes. Guerrie'ro, It. (gwer-re-J-ro).
Gusto,
It.
H. Ger.
Taste.
(goos-to).
The note
Hallen, Ger.
Halt, Ger.
B.
To
(kal-Yri).
(halt).
Martial.
Tenderness.
Gunst, Ger. (goonst).
A
hold
sound, to clang. (/r\).
Hardiment, Fr. (Mr-di-man/i). Boldly. Harm6nieux, Fr. (har-mo-rii-u&). Harmonious. Harmdnisch, Ger. (har-/wJ-msh). Harmonic. a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
*'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Harmony.
The
art of
and the placing
combining tones of
in their correct position
33 different pitch,
and
relation
of
the chords so formed,
Hart, Ger. (hart).
Hard, major. Hart-klinfend, Ger. (hiirt-kltng-zvvS). Hate, Fr. (hat). Haste, speed.
Harsh.
Haupt, Ger. (howpt). Head, chief, principal. Haut, Fr. (h5). High, acute. Head voice. The upper register of the voice. He"ftig, Ger. (A/f-tig).
Passionate, violent.
Heimlich, Ger. (Atm-Hkh). Mysterious. Heiss, Ger. (hiss). Ardent. Serene, cheerful. Heiter, Ger. (^f-ter). Clear, bright. Hell, Ger. (hel).
Helle stimme, Ger.
(^//-le
Herv6rgeh6ben,
Ger.
A
sAt?m-n).
To
Heraufgehen, Ger. (har-0w//"-ga'n). Heroic. Grand, noble, bold.
clear voice.
ascend.
(har^or-ghe-^-b'n).
Brought
into
prominence. Herv6rhe1>end, Ger. (htryjr-^-bend).
)
Hervdrtretend, Ger. (har^r-tre-tend).
)
Herzig, Ger. (Atrt-zig).
1
Herzlich, Gtr. (Aerts-\ikh).
}
Hirtlich, Ger. (h!rt-\\\sh). His, Ger. (his). B*.
Hdhe, Ger.
Ger. (hoJik-moot). (^<$-he).
High
inence.
Pastoral.
Hoch, Ger. (hokh). High, acute. Hochfeierlich, Ger. (Ao&A-ft-er-likb).
H6chmuth,
Bringing into prom-
Very solemn.
Pride, dignity.
pitch; high register.
H6heit, Ger. (Ao-tiit). Dignity. Hold. The character /r\ placed over or under a note indi6,
old ; o, odd ; 6, done ; oo,
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ; u, (French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
34
eating that such a note is to be prolonged beyond its The hold is also placed over a bar or time-value.
double-bar indicating a pause before proceeding to the
next measure or movement.
It
may
also indicate
the end of the composition. Homophone, Fr. The enharmonic of any tone, as g of fx. tions in plain
A
)
A
ef,
>
harmony. given to compositions of a or fantastic style.
title
Hiirtig, Ger. (A00r-t\g).
Hymn.
of
In modern music a term used for composi-
Homophonic. Humoresque. Humoreske.
f
humorous
Quick, swift.
religious or sacred song, usually intended to
be
sung by a congregation. The.
II, It. (el).
IlaritA, It. (e-lar-e-Ai).
II
Hilarity.
piu f6rte possible, loud as possible.
II
It.
(el
pe-oo for-te p6s-j^-be-le).
volteggidre, It. (el vol-ted-je-a-re). playing the piano.
Immer,
Ger. (#-mer).
Impatie*nte,
It.
//.
Imperi6so,
As
Crossing the hands in
Always.
(em-pa-te-
Restless, vehement.
Haughty,
(em-pa-re-J-zo).
lofty.
ImpetO, It. (em-pe-to). Impetuosity. Impetu6so, It. (em-pa-too-J-zo). Impetuous. Impone'nte, In,
It.
It.
(em-po-a-te).
and Ger.
Inacutire,
Imposing, impressive.
Into, in.
To make
//. (en-"a-koo-#-re).
Inbrunst, Ger. (i-broonst).
Inbrunstig, Ger. (r-briins-tig). a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
"a,
sharp.
Ardor, fervor.
arm ;
Ardent, fervent. e,
eve
;
,
end ;
I,
ice ;
T,
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS It.
Incalzando,
//.
Indeciso,
(en-kon-s6-/a-t6).
It.
Indifferdnte,
Furiously. Indifferent, careless.
(en-def-fe-r-te).
Infernal.
//. (en-far-
It. (en-f&r-v5-ra-to).
InfervoratO,
Disconsolate.
Undecided.
(en-de-^-zo).
It. (en-dan-j/0-to).
Indegnato, Infernale,
Cannot be sung.
(en-kan-/ii'-ble).
It.
Inconsolato,
Increasing in time and tone.
(en-cal-saw-do).
Incantable, Sp.
Infiammatamnte,
//.
35
Fervent, impassioned.
In an ex-
(en-fe-am-ma-ta-z
cited manner.
In fretta,
It.
(en/r/Ma).
It.
Infuriante,
In haste.
It. (en-foo-re-a-to).
Infuridto,
Furious.
(en-foo-re-
Enraged.
Skill, discretion. Ing^gno, It. (en-^dn-yo) Conception, subject matter. Inhalt, Ger. (in-fialt). Innig, Ger. (?n-nig). Fervent, intense. .
Fervency of
Innigkeit, Ger. (fo-mg-kit).
Inno,
//.
(en-no). It.
Innoc^nte,
It.
Inqui^to,
Restless.
It.
It.
(en-rfaw-te).
Imperceptible.
Urgently.
(en-ses-Afw-do).
Instandig, Ger. (in-sAtan-dig) Instante,
Natural.
(en-n5-f,-te).
(en-que--to).
It. (en-sen-j^-be-le).
Insensibile, Insiste'ndo,
feeling.
Hymn.
}
.
)
Instantem6nte, //. (en-stan-te -man-te). Instantly. Instrumentation. The art of composing, arranging, or adapting music for several instruments of various Orchestration.
kinds.
In te'mpo,
It.
Intenzionato, Intercalare, 5, old ; 6,
(en fdm-po). It.
//.
odd ;
In time.
(en-tar-ka-/
6,
With emphasis. The burden of a song.
(en-tan-tse-o-wa-to). .
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute ; u, but ;
ii,
(French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
36
An
Interlude.
of a
instrumental strain played after the stanza An intermezzo.
or song.
hymn
Intermede, Fr.
Interlude.
(an^-ter-wz/if ).
Intermezzo, It. (en-tar-*w<-so). A title given to instrumental compositions of various kinds, also to certain short movements in a symphony or suite an interme;
movement.
diate
Inter r6tto,
Interrupted, broken.
It. (en-tar-r<57-t5).
Interruption. Interruzi6ne, It. (en-tar-root-se-J-ne). The difference in pitch between two tones. Interval.
Intimo,
//.
To sound the keynote. production, either vocal or instrumental. Set to musk. (en-to-
(en-to-
Tone
It.
Intonato,
Intrada,
It.
Intre'pido,
Heartfelt.
(-te-mo).
Intonate, //. Intonation.
A
(en-tra-da).
It.
(en-^ra-pe-do).
prelude. Bold.
A
title given to short instrumental pieces in free contrapuntal style in which the theme or subject was developed according to the composer's pleasure.
Invention.
Ira, //. (e-ra).
Iratame'nte, Irresolute,
Anger, passion.
//. (e-ra.-t'a.-mdn-te).
It.
Angrily, passionately. Hesitating, irresolute.
(er-ra-zo-Aw-to).
tSmpo, It. (es-t3s-so tSm-po). Same time. A term which indicates that the tempo of either the measure or measure-note remains the same as before, even
Iste'sso
though the time-signature
is
changed.
to indicate a return to the former
tempo
used
It is also
after
an
inter-
ruption of the movement.
Istrpito, con,
A
short shake, or
I trovatdri, //. (e tro-va-j'J-re). a, ale ; a,
add ;
With
It. (es-trd-pe-to).
Italian mordent.
a,
care ;
a,
arm ;
The e,
noise and bluster.
trill.
troubadours.
eve ;
e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
I,
*//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Jaeger-chOr, Ger. (^J-gher-k5r)
Jagd, Ger. (yagd). Hunting. Jagdhorn, Ger. (yagd-horn).
37
Hunting chorus.
.
Hunting horn.
Hunting-piece. Jagdstiick, Ger. (yagd-shtiik). Jauchzend, Ger. (yow&A-tsend). Shouting, joyful. Jouer, Fr. (zhoo-a). To play.
The
Jubilate.
looth psalm.
Jugue'te, Sp. (hoo-yoo-J-te).
Juste, Fr.
True,
(zhiist).
Kadenz, Ger.
(/fca-denz).
A
carol.
just, accurate.
Cadence.
Ger. (&am-mer). Chamber or small hall. Kammer-conceit, Ger. (Adm-mer-kon-ts/rt). Chamber con-
Kammer, cert.
Kammer-musik,
Chamber music. Chamber music style.
Ger. (fcam-mer-moo-zik).
Kammer-styl, Ger. (&w-mer-shtel). Kdnon, Ger. (M-non). Canon. Keck, Ger. (kek). Bold.
Keckheit, Ger. (&?-hit). Boldness, dash. Kehle, Ger. (&?-le). The voice, the throat. Kettentriller, Ger.
(/-t'n-tril-ler).
A
chain of
trills.
Key. The succession of tones which form the major or minor scale. Key-note.
Key
The
tonic, or first degree of a diatonic scale.
The sharps
signature.
The
C
exceptions
major and
A
placed after the
or
placed after the clef. are the keys of minor, which have no sharps or flats to
this
flats
definition
clef.
Kinderscenen, Ger. (/W-der-san-en). Kinderstiicke,
Ger.
Scenes of childhood.
(#2-der-shtu-ke).
Compositions for
children. 6,
old ;
6,
odd ;
&,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
u,
(French)
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
38
Childlike
Kindlich, Ger. (&W-likh).
with unaffected sim-
;
plicity.
Church-music.
Kirchenmusik, Ger. (&fr-kh'n-tnoo-zik). Klage, Ger. (//a-ghe). Lamentation. Klang, Ger. (klang). A sound or tone.
Concert-room.
Klang-saal, Ger. (klang-sal). Klarheit, Ger. (//a>-hft).
Clearness.
Klarlich, Ger. (/5r-likh). Clearly. Klavier, Ger. (kla-fer). In modern usage, a pianoforte of
any kind. Klein, Ger.
Small
(kiln).
Klingbar, Ger.
minor.
;
Resonant.
(klfng-\)i.r).
K6misch, Ger. (&dm-ish). Comical. Komponieren, Ger. (kom-p6--ren). To compose. Komp6nist, Ger. (kom-/J-nist). Composer. Konzeit, Ger.
Concert; concerto.
(kon-tstrt).
Ger.
Konzeitmeister,
(kon-ts2rt-mts-ter).
Leader,
first
violin.
Kopf, Ger. (k5pf).
Kopfstimme,
Head. Head-voice.
Ger. (/<^/"-shtim-me).
Kraft, Ger. (kraft).
Energy, force. Kraftig, Ger. (&ra/-tig). Vigorous. Kriegerisch, Ger. (^ri?-gher-ish).
Martial, warlike.
Kriegs-gesang, Ger. (kregs-g\&-sangk). Kriegs-lied, Ger. (kregs-led). Kiihn, Ger. (kiin). Short.
Kunst, Ger. (koonst). Kurz, Ger. (koorts).
\
)
Art.
Short.
Kiirzen, Ger. (>&>-tsen).
To
Kurz und bestimmt, Ger.
abridge.
(koorts
oond
be-sfitfmt).
Short
and decided. a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
arm
; e, eve ; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Abbreviation.
Kurzung, Ger. (/&r-tsoongk).
A
La, Fr, and It. (la). The note of the diatonic scale.
La chasse,
Fr.
Lacrimoso.
.
}
La
It. (lan-ya-z/0-le).
It.
Lamentdbile,
Lamentando, Lamente'vole,
Lament6so,
It.
It.
It.
Lampons, Fr.
style.
)
The
de"stra, It. (la das-tr'a.).
degree
Mournful.
}
Lagnevole,
also the sixth
;
Hunting
(la shass).
It. (Ia-cre-#z0-zo)
39
right hand.
(la-men-ta-be-le). ^
(la-men -tan-do). (la-men-&?-vo-le).
I
In a sad,
f
lamenting
style.
(la-menVJ-zo). (lan^-pon/z).
Landler, Ger. (land-\zr).
Germany and
A
Drinking songs. slow waltz belonging to South
Austria.
Land-lied, Ger. (land-led).
A
rustic song.
Langsam, Ger. (tdng-sam). Slow. Langsamer, Ger. (/aM^--sa-mer). Slower. Languemente, //. (lan-gue-/w Plaintive, languishing. ) Languido, It. (/a-gue-do). Largam6nte, It. (ya.r-ga.-man te). In a broad style without changing the time. Largando, It. (lar-^a-do). Large, Fr. Lar ghetto,
(larzh).
[marked.
Somewhat slower and more
Sostenuto.
//. (lar-^-J^-tS).
A
movement not
quite so slow
as large.
Larghissimo, Largo,
It.
It.
(lar-^-se-mo). Extremely slow. Broad, slow, and stately the slowest
(far-go).
;
tempo-mark. 6,
old ;
6,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ; u, (French )
.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
40
Lastimosame'nte, Sp. (las-te-mo-za-*-te). manner.
La
In a doleful
A
term indicating that a pas to be played in quicker time. run. Laufer, Ger. (7<w-fer). Launenstuck, Ger. (low-nen-shtiik). voluntary. Launig, Ger. (/
sage
A
A
Loud a
Laut, Ger. (lowt).
Lauten, Ger.
La
v6ce,
;
sound.
To ring, to sound. The voice. J-che).
(Aw-t'n).
//. (la
A
melody, song, or tune. Le, Fr. and //. (le). The. cue also the giving-out of a theme by one part. Lead. Leader. Conductor.
Lay.
A
;
Leading-note.
The seventh
monic minor Leaning-note.
degree of the major and har-
scales.
Appoggiatura.
Ger. (/J-b'n). Life, vivacity. Lebendig, Ger. (la-^-dlg). ) y, J L^bhaft, Ger. (/^-haft).
Lben,
^
mate
Lecon, Fr. (la-son^). A lesson, study. Leer* Saiten, Ger. (lar sl-t'n). Open strings. Legdbile,
It. (le-^a-be-le).
Legando,
//.
Legare,
(le-,fa-do).
//. (le-^a-re). //.
Legal isaimo,
To
Smooth. Slurring. slur,
or bind.
Very smooth and con-
(Ie-ga-/^j-se-m6).
nected.
Legato,
It. (le-^o to).
Legato assai,
//.
In a smooth and connected manner.
(le-^a-to as-sa-e).
Very close and con-
nected.
Legatura, a,
ale ; a,
It.
(le-ga-^^o-ra).
add;
a,
care ;
a,
A arm
tie; ;
e,
a syncopation. eve ;
i,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Leger, Fr. (la-zha). Legere, /V. (la-zhar).
u
)
fa
J
Le'gerete', Fr. (la-z^4-re-ta).
Leggnda,
It. (\ed-jdn-da).
Leggergzza, Leggeio,
Agility, lightness.
A
legend, a
//. (led-jer-<#-tsa).
Leggerme'nte,
It.
//.
With
tale.
Lightness.
(led-jer-z
It. (led-jd-ro).
Leggiadram^nte,
41
Lightly.
lightness.
(led-je-a-dra-wJ-te).
Elegantly, grace-
fully.
Leggiadro,
//. (led-je-a-dro).
Leggierame'nte, Leggierme'nte, Leggiero,
It.
It.
Brisk and cheerful.
(led-je-ar-a-zd-te).
(led-je-er-d-te).
Leicht, Ger. (likht).
Lightly.
)
//. (led-je-J-ro).
Leidenschaft, Ger.
^ >
Light, brisk, easy. (/f-d'n-shaft).
Passion, vehemence, fer-
vency.
Leidenschaftlich, Ger. Leise, Ger.
Leitakkord, suggests
(/ii/-en-shaft-likh).
Ger. (Kt-ak-kord). its
Passionately.
Soft, low.
(//-ze).
own
Leading chord, one that
resolution.
Scale. Leiter, Ger. (#-ter). Leiter-fremd, Ger. (/f-ter-fremd). Accidental flats or sharps which do not belong to the key.
Leitm6tiv, Ger. (\it-mo-tif). Leading motive. A musical phrase used to indicate a character or an incident in
an opera, oratorio, or music drama. The leitmotiv also found in various pieces of program-music. Leit-ton, Ger. (/#-ton).
Lno,
//. (Id-no).
Lent, Fr. (lanA). Lentame'nte, 6,
//.
is
Leading-note.
Faint, feeble.
Slow. (len-ta->wJ-te).
old ; 8, odd ; 6, done
;
oo,
moon ;
Slowly. u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
42
Lentando, It. (len-/a-do). Slackening the , Lentement, Fr. (lan^t-manA). )
tims.
.
Lenteme'nte, It. (lan-te-/
It.
Lente'zza,
It.
Lento, Lesser.
Slow.
Minor, smaller. It.
(\es-t'a.-mdn-te).
Lestissimo,
It. (les-tef-se-mo).
It. (Ids-to).
Letterale,
(le
brisk.
Literal.
//. (let-ter-al-zaw-te).
//. (le-w^-tsa).
Liaison, Fr.
Very
Lively, brisk.
It. (let-te>a'-le).
Letteralm^nte,
Briskly.
Briskness.
It. (les-/ff/-tsa).
Lestezza,
Leve'zza,
Very slow.
(len-ter-se-mo).
(/Jw-to).
Lestame'nte,
L6sto,
>
(len-M/-tsa).
It.
Lentissimo,
Literally.
Lightness, levity.
A
a-zon^).
tie.
Liberame"nte, It. (le-be-ra-z^-te). Librement, Fr. (lebr-manh).
)
Freel
easily<
)
Free, unrestrained. Libero, It. (/^-be-ro). Tied, legato. Li6, Fr. (li-d).
Love-song. Liebeslied, Ger. (/?-bes-led). Sweet, lovely, charming. Lieblich, Ger. (/^3-likh). Lie", coulant, Fr. Lied, Ger. (led).
Liedchen, Ger.
(li-a
Slurred, flowing.
koo-lan^).
Song.
(/(?-kh'n).
A
short song.
Lieder-buch, Ger. (/-der-bookh).
Song-book.
Song-writer. Lieder-dichter, Ger. (te-der-df&A-ter). series of songs. Lieder-kreis, Ger. (/^-der-kris). Lieder ohne Worte, Ger. (#-der ^ne z/Jr-te). Songs without
A
words. Lieder-spiel, Ger. (/^-der-shpel). a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm;
e,
An eve
operetta. ;
e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
i,
*'//,
OF MUSICAL TERMS tafler, Ger. (/^-der /J-fler).
Lieder
43
Glee-singers.
It. (le-.ja-to)
Legato. Ligature. A group of notes to be sung to one syllable, in one breath, or phrased legato. Also a tie or syncopaLigato,
tion.
Linke Hand, Ger. (/f-ke hand). Lirico,
//. (/(?-re-ko).
Liscio,
ft. (/^-slie-o).
L'istsso timpo,
Left hand.
Lyric.
Smooth.
It.
(Fes-&?j-so tdm-po).
In the same time
as the previous movement.
Lo,
The.
It. (16).
Lob-gesang, Ger. (lob-$&-zangk}. Loco,
dicates that the notes are to
Lontano,
Lourd, Fr.
be performed as
in-
written.
Damper-pedal.
Heavy.
(loor).
Lour, Fr. (loo-ra). Luctuosamnte, Sp. Lugubre, Fr.
Lunga,
of praise.
Distant.
It. (lon-Ai-no).
Loud pedal.
Hymn
Occurring after 8va the term
Place.
It. (/-ko).
Slurred, legato,
(lii-gu-bruh)
It. (loon-gat.).
neath a hold
non staccato. Mournfully. Mournful.
(Iook-too-o-za-z5-te).
and
//.
Long.
(loo^w-bri).
When
signifies that the
it
placed above or behold is to be greatly
prolonged.
Lunga pausa, Lu6gO,
It.
It.
Lusingando, Lusingante,
It.
(loo-zen-^a-do).
It.
long pause.
Loco.
It. (loo-zen-f
Lusingh^vole,
A
(loon-ga. pa-oo-za).
(loo-J-go).
)
Coaxing )
)
(loo-zen-^-vo-le).
Lusinghevolm^nte,
It.
Coaxingly.
(loo-zen-ga-vol-wf-te).
Lusinghi^re,
It.
(loo-zen-ghe-J-re). '
)
,
\
It.
Coaxing.
Lusmghiero,
(loo-zen-ghe-J-ro).
)
6,
old ; 8, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
)
ii,
(French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
44
Lustig, Ger.
Merry, gay.
(/cos-tig).
A merry song. Mournful.
Lustlied, Ger. (/mv/-led).
Lutt6so,
It. (looi-to-zo). It.
Luttuosame'nte,
Ma,
It.
Lyric.
But.
(ma).
A
vocal composition. mass.
Madrigal.
Maesa.
Mournfully.
(loot-too-6-za-/wJw-te).
Lyrisch, Ger. (#r-ish).
A
Maesta, //. (ma-es-Az). Maestade, It. (ma-es-Ai'-de). Maestate, It. (ma-es-^'-te.) MaesteVole,
It.
\
>
Majesty, dignity.
)
Majestic.
(ma-es-M-vo-le). It.
Maestevolissimo,
Very ma-
(ma-es-ta-vo-/
jestic.
Maestevolm^nte,
Maestosamnte, Maest6so,
//.
Maestrdle,
It.
it is
Maestro,
hi
)
Majestically;
)
with dignity.
Majestic, stately, dignified. The stretto of a fugue when (ma-es-/ra-le).
(ma-es-/J-zo).
(ma-5j-tro).
Maggiolata, Magisc6ro,
(ma-es-ta-v6l-#z-te).
canon form.
It.
Maggi6re,
It.
It. (ma-es-t6-za-/w
It.
It.
Master, professor.
(mad-je-o-/ai-ta).
A May song.
Major, greater. (ma-jes-^ro). The head of a choir.
(mad-je-^re).
It.
Main, fr. (man^).
Hand.
Main droit, Fr. (manA drwa). Right hand. Main gauche, Fr. (man^ gosh). Left hand. Maitre, Fr. (matr).
Master.
Majestat, Ger. (ma-zhes-/'J/).
Majesty.
Majestatisch, Ger. (ma-zhes-/if-tlsh). Majeur, Fr. (ma-zhur). Major. a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care ;
a,
arm
; e,
eve ;
Majestic.
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
T,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
45
Greater.
Major.
Major bob. A full peal upon eight bells. Major chord. A chord having a major
third
and perfect
fifth.
A
key founded on the major scale, That form of the diatonic scale in which toe half-tones or steps occur between the third and fourth, also the seventh and eighth, degrees, all other intervals being whole tones. Major third. An interval containing three degrees and two
Major key. Major scale.
whole tones.
Major tonic. A major scale. Mai, Ger. (mal). Time. Malanc6nia, It. (ma-lan-/J-ne-a). Malenc6nia, It. (ma-len--ne-a). //.
Malenc6nico,
//.
Malinc61ia,
(ma-len-^ne-k5).
Malinc6lico,
It.
(ma-len-^-le-ko).
Malinc6nia,
It.
(ma-len-^J-ne-a).
Malinconicame'nte,
Malinc6nico,
It.
Malinconi6so,
Malincon6so,
Mama,
It. It.
It.
5,
old ;
8,
(man-k'a). It.
odd ;
J
choly style.
term indicating the right hand in
The
left.
(man-/6o-do). 6,
f"
(ma-len-ko-ne-J -26).
A
melan-
!
(ma-len-k5-J-zo).
(ma-ma). drum music.
In a
(ma-len-ko-ne-ka-/-te). ^
(ma-len-/<7-ne-k5).
//.
Manca, It. Mancando,
.
(ma-len-^-le-a).
Dying away.
done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ;
\i,
but ;
ii,
(French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
46
Mand61a, It. (man-do-la.). A mandolin, or Mandoline. A kind of guitar. Mandora. f A small kind of lute or guitar. Mandore.
cithern.
'
Manica,
//.
Manieia,
(wa-ne-ka).
It.
Fingering.
(ma-ne-J-ra).
Maniere, Fr. (man-e-aV).
Manner, method, Manner.
style.
Manieren, Ger. (ma-ne-r'n). Embellishments, graces. Mannerchor, Ger. (#z#-ner-kor). A male chorus; also the name of a composition for such a chorus.
Mannergesangverein, Ger. male vocal society. Mano, It. (ma-no). Hand.
Mano Mano
(ma-no dret-te}. Right hand. (ma-no se-nes-tra). Left hand. The keyboard of an organ.
Dritta,
//.
Sinistra,
Manual. MarcAndo, Marcdto,
//.
//.
//.
(mar-^-do).
(mar-fci-to). //.
Marcatessimo, or accented.
These terms indicate
)
('
is
Very much marked
(mar-ka-/
il p6llice, It. (mar-^a-to el /J/-le-che). accent strongly the note played by the thumb. Marche, Fr. (marsh), It.
(mar-che-a). Marsch, Ger. (marsh).
Marciale,
//.
j >
A
that the
to be P erformed with distinctness and emphasis.
music
Marcato
Marcia,
A
(mdn-ner-ghe-zang-te-rin).
Mark
or
march.
)
(mar-che-a-le).
Mari6na, Sp. (ma-re- J-na). Markiert, Ger. (mar-kert).
Martial.
A
Spanish dance. Accented, marked.
Markiren, Ger. (mar-^-r'n). To mark, to accent. Marqu6, Fr. (mar-ka). Marked, accented. a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
arm
; e,
eve
;
e,
end ;
!,
ice ;
i,
*'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
47
Marquer, Fr. (mar-ka). To mark, to accent. The Marseilles Marseillaise, Fr. (mar-sal-yaz). national anthem of France. Martele, Fr. (mar-te
:
la).
HammereA
j
Martellare,
//. (mar-tel-/a-re).
Martellato,
//.
It.
Marziale,
Mascherata,
It.
Stron
j
;
the
M
.
cented
[ )
(mar-tel-/a-to).
(mar-tse-a-le).
hymn
Martial, warlike.
Masquerade.
(ma-skeVa-ta).
Mass, Ger. (mass). Measure, time. Massig, Ger. (mas-sig). Measured, moderate. Massima, It. (mas-se-ma.). A semibreve. Matinata, It. (ma-te-wa-ta). A morning serenade. Mattutino delle tenebre, It. (mat-too-^-no dal-le te-w^-bre).
The
service of the Tenebrae.
Maul-trommel, Ger. (mowl-tr5m-mel). A Jew's harp. A Polish dance of Mazurka, Ger. (mz-tsoor-ka).
lively
character, in | or f time, with a peculiar rhythm. Measure. The space between two bars. metrical unit of
A
fixed time-value having a regular accent, and forming the smallest metrical subdivision of a composition.
Mede'simo,
The same.
//. (me-dT
The third degree of the diaMediant, Lat. (wJ-di-ant). tonic scale. M6diante, Fr. (ma-di-aw^^). ) Medius, Lat. (ma-di-us). The tenor part. Mehr, Ger. (mar). More. Mehr-stimmig, Ger. (mar-j^/r-mig). For several voices. )
Mehr stimmiger gesang,
Ger. (mar sAtim-mi-gher $&-zangk).
A
glee or part song. Meister, Ger. (wm-ter). Master.
Meister-sanger, Ger. (mfs-ter-sdng-er).
Master singer min-
strel.
5,
old ;
6,
odd ;
o,
done
;
oo,
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but
ii,
{French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
48
Meister-stiick, Ger. (wzw-ter-shtiik). It.
Melancdlia,
Masterpiece. )
(ma-lan-^J-le-a).
*
Melancholic, Fr. (ma-laa*-k6-le). \ Melange, Fr. (ma.-Ianz&). medley.
A A
Melisma, Gk. (me-/&-ma).
melodic ornament or embel-
lishment.
Melismatic.
Mel6de,
//.
Ornamented, embellished. (ma-/J-de).
^
> Melody. Melodic, Fr. (md-lo-de). ) Melodeon. A kind of small reed organ.
Mel6dia,
It.
Mel6dico,
(ma-/J-de-a).
It. (ma-/-de-k5).
Cantando.
Melody. A succession of any number of single notes. Sometimes used to denote the tune or air of a composition as separate from the bass or accompaniment. Melologue. A combination of recitative and music. Melopa, It. (ma-lo-/-a). Music in general words and music combined. Melopomenos, Gr. (mel-5-/^/w-e nos). Vocal melody. ;
Melos, Gk. (md-16s).
Meme,
Fr. (mam).
Me"n allegro,
//.
Melody.
The same.
(man
al-/
M&iestrel, Fr. (ma-nes-trel).
M6no,
M6no
It.
(md-no).
f6rte,
Menschen
Less quick.
Minstrel.
Less.
Less loud. (md-nofor-te). stimme, Ger. (men-sh'n s/ttim-me). It.
Human
voice.
Mn vivo,
It.
(men
ve-vo).
Less
spirit.
A
Mescolanza, //. (mes-ko-/a-tsa). M6ssa, It. (mds-sa).
)
add ;
a,
care
; a,
arm ;
,.
\ TyTacc
Messe, Ger. (m?s-se) and Fr. (mdss). a, ale ; a,
medley.
e,
)
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I, *'///
OF MUSICAL TERMS Mdssa
di v6ce,
de
It. (mds-s'a.
z/J-che").
49
The
crescendo and
diminuendo of the voice on a sustained note
It.
Mestizia,
It.
Me"sto,
It.
Mest6so,
(mes-ta-#zJ-te).
Plaintively.
>
(mds-to).
It.
thus
Sadness.
(mes-#-tse-a).
Mestame'nte,
;
(mes-to-zo).
)
Measure.
Me"sure, Fr. (ma-ziir).
(ma.-tal). Strength; compass of the voice. Metallo, It. (ma-/a/-lo). ringing quality of voice. Meter, metre. The rhythmic element of music; the
Metal, Sp.
A
sym
metrical grouping of musical rhythms ; the construction and pulsation of the phrase in music.
M6zza MSzzo,
v6ce, It.
It. (mdt-ts'a.
(mdt-tso).
Half power; half voice.
w-che).
Half.
Mzzo
f6rte, It. (mdt-tso for-te).
Mezzo
ligato,
Half as loud as
forte.
A
(mdt-tso le-^a-to). variety of pianoforte touch requiring a forcible stroke rather than a sudden //.
return of the finger.
Me"zzo piano, forte,
It.
(mdt-tso pe-#-no). soft as piano.
Me"zzo soprano,
It.
(mdt-tso so-#ra-no).
between soprano and Mi.
Not
so loud as mezza
and not so
Name
of the note
The female
voice
alto.
E
Third de-
in France, Italy, etc.
gree of the diatonic scale. Middle C. One lined C. Treble.
** 5,
Bass. -&>-
r\
-G-
old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo,
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(french).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY Tenor and
Middle voices.
Mi
diese, Fr.
(me
dl-dz).
Mignon, Fr. (men-yon^).
alto voices.
Ej. Favorite.
Militairement, Fr. (mil-e-tdr-ma.r\A). '
In military
MihtarmSnte, //. (me-le-tar-*-te). Militar musik, Ger. (me-le-tar moo-sik). MinacceVole,
It.
Minaccevolmnte,
style.
Military music.
(me-naW/z,?-vo-le). It.
(me-nat-che-
v6l-za-te).
In a menacing, Minacciando, It. (me-nat-che-a-do). U _ _ __. _ , ... threatening, manner. Minacciosamente, //. (me-nat-che-o.
,
Minacci6so,
It.
M incur, Minor.
Fr. (mi-nur).
A
J
(me-nat-che-J-z5).
Minder, Ger. (#*z-der).
Minim.
I
,
,
...
Minor, Minor.
less.
half note.
Smaller.
Minor chord. A chord having a minor third and perfect fifth. Minor interval. A minor interval contains one half-tone less
than a major; thus;
Major Third.
Minor Third.
Minor key. A key founded on the minor scale. Minor scale. That form of the diatonic scale in which the first and third degrees form a minor third. Minor third. An interval containing three degrees and one whole tone and a half.
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice
;
T,
/// ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
5
I
Minue, Sp. (mt-noo-a.). A minuet. Minuet. The name of a slow, stately dance, said to have been invented in France about the middle ot the i7th century.
Minue"tto,
//.
(me-noo-^-to).
Misch-Masch (mish-mash).
A minuet. A medley.
Misshallig, Ger. (wfrj-hal-lig).
Discordant.
Missklang, Ger.
Dissonance.
(mfss-kla.ngk).
Misteriosame'nte,
Mister i6so, Misura,
It.
Misurato,
It.
It.
(mes-tar-e-o-za-wa-te).
(mes-tar-e-J-zS).
A
(me-soo-ra). It.
measure.
(me-soo-ra-to).
Measured
in exact time.
A
half cadence.
With.
Mit, Ger. (mtt).
Mittelkadenz, Ger. (wztf-tl-ka dents). Mittelstimme,GVr. (wft-t'l-shtim-me). M6bile,
Mode.
//.
(wJ-be-le).
An inner part or voice.
With easy movement.
Key.
Mode're', Fr. (mo-da-ra).
Moderate.
Moderate, //. (mod-e-ra-to). Moderna. (mo-ddr-ria). ) __
Mysteriously.
Mysterious.
_
,,
..
;
> It.
Moderate degree of speed.
Modem.
Mod^rno, (mo-Mr-no), y Modinha, (mo-Jen-a.). A Portuguese song. M6do, It. (mo-do). Mode; style. Modulation. Passing from one key to another. Moduliren, Ger. (mo-doo-^-r'n). To modulate. Modulo, Lat. (mo-du-lo). To modulate, to compose. Moll, Ger. (moll).
Minor.
Moll akkord, Ger. (mol ak-kord). Minor chord. Moll dreiklang, Ger. (mol
old ;
6,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ; U, (French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
52
Molleme'nte, It. (mol-le-wzJw-te). Softly, gently. Moltisondnte, It. (mol-te-z6-a-te). Resounding.
M61to,
Much, very. Lai. (mo-w/w-tum).
//. (mol-\.o).
Momentum,
A quaver
rest.
For one voice. Monody, Ger. and Fr. Monodie (mon-6-a7), It. Monodia (mo-no-de-a). Music in which the melody is confined to a single part sometimes called the Homophonic Style. Monophonic. In one part only. Monodic.
;
A
grace performed by rapidly alternating a written note with the note on the next degree below. There
Mordent.
are two kinds, the simple or short
mordent
(<x)v)
which
consists of three notes, /s(v
Played.
and the long mordent (/vj^) in which the lower note appears twice or oftener.
,vVv >
Played.
or
OF MUSICAL TERMS Morndo,
It.
53
Dying away. Very soft, subdued M6sso, //. (mos-so). Moved. Motet. A sacred composition of the anthem style. (mo-rdn-do).
Mormorando,
ft.
(mor-mo-ran-do).
tone.
A
motive. Motif, Fr. (mo-tef). Motive. A short phrase or figure.
M6tO, //. (mo-to). Motion. Motteggiando, //. (m8t-tad-je-a-do). Bantering. Muance, Fr. (m\i-anAs). A change or variation of notes. Munter, Ger. (moon-ter). Lively. Munterkeit, Ger. (moon-ter-kit). Musica, Lat. (mu-si-ka), and It.
Musik, Ger.
Vivacity. .
(wtfo-ze-k'a).^
(moo-zik).
Change. A term much used in orchesmeaning that the performer is to change the pitch or key of his instrument. Mute. A contrivance used to deaden the tone of an Miita,
//.
(moo-ta).
tral scores,
instrument.
Math,
Ger. (moot).
Muthig, Ger.
Spirit.
(moo-tig).
Muthwillig, Ger.
Spirited, bold.
(moot-vft-lig).
Mutiren, Ger. (moo-#-r'n).
Nach, Ger. (nakh).
Mischievous,
To change the
After, according to,
lively.
voice.
at.
Nachahmung, Ger. (nak-a-moongk). Imitation. Nach belieben, Ger. (nakh be-#-b'n). At pleasure. Nach dem tact spielen, Ger. (nakh dem takt skpe-Yr\).
To
play in time.
Nach-druck, Ger. (na6A-drook). Nachdriicklich, -,..-,
Nachdrucksam, 6,
old ;
6,
odd ;
&,
Accent, emphasis.
Ger. (wa'/fc/i-driik-Hkh. .
Ger. (naikA-druk.-sa.rn).
done ; oo, moon ;
\
c )
_
Emphatic,
u, lute ; u, but ;
ii,
forcible.
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
54
Nachfolge, Ger. (aA-fol-ghe).
after,
Following
succes-
sion.
Nach-hall, Ger.
Reverberation, echo.
(ndkh-\\a.\\).
Nachklang, Ger. (aA-klangk). Echo. Nachklingen, Ger. (
To
Nachschallen, Ger. (wa^-shal-1'n).
An
Nachschlag, Ger. (a^-shlag).
To
Nachsingen, Ger. (a/k-sing-en).
A
Nachspiel, Ger. (
Nachstverwandte tone, Ger.
echo.
after beat.
sing after.
postlude.
The
(n3.khst-iz*-vand-\& z$-ne).
nearest related keys. Nachtigall, Ger. (oM-tI-gall).
Nightingale.
Nacht-musik, Ger. (ndkht-moo-z\\i). Night-music; a serenade. Nachtstandchen, Ger. (a&^-shtand-kh'n). A serenade. Nacht-stiick, Ger. (a/-shtiik). Night piece; a nocturne. Nach und nach, Ger. (nakh oond nakh). By degrees. Naif, Fr. (na-ef). Naive, Fr. (n'a-ev).
^
Naiv, Fr. (na-^).
)
Narrante,
It.
Naive
>
Naturale,
A
style.
Natural.
It. (na-too-ra-le).
Neapolitan Sixth.
unaffected.
In narrative
(nar-raw-te).
Natur, Ger. (na-toor). Natural. The sign ft
;
Unaffected, natural.
major chord founded on the
flat
supertonic of any key.
Key
a, ale ; a,
add ;
of
a,
C
Major.
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
Key
of
eve ;
e,
C
Minor.
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill ,
OF MUSICAL TERMS
55
Neben-note, Ger. (d-b'n-J-te). Auxiliary note. term indicating that Necessario, It. (na-ches-ja-re-6). the passage referred to must not be omitted.
A
It.
Neglige'nte, It.
Negli, Nei,
It.
(na-e).
Nel,
It.
(nil).
Nell',
Nella,
(nal-ye^Vfw-te).
(/-ye).
//.
(nal'l).
It.
-|
\-
In
the.
(nal-la).
Nelle,
It.
(nal-le).
Nello,
//.
(nal-16).
Nello stesso tempo,
//. (nal-lo
stes-s5 tam-po).
In the same
time.
Nel
stilo
antico,
//.
In the ancient
(nal ste-\o an-/^-k5).
style.
Nel te'mpo, Net, Fr.
//.
In time; in the previous time.
(nal tdm-po).
>,
(na).
Nett, Ger.
(net).
Nettam6nte,
It.
> Neatly,
Nettheit, Ger. (#-h!t). Nettigkeit, Ger. (-t!g-kit).
/
clearly.
f
(net-ta-z-te).
Nette, Fr. (net). Nettete\ Fr. (net-ta).
Neatness, ness
plainness,
)
Neat, quick, clear. Nicht, Ger. (nikht). Not. Nicht ZU geschwind, Ger. (nikht tsoo ghe-sAvfnd). Ne*tto,
It.
clear-
(ndt-io).
Not too
quick.
N6bile,
It.
(J-be-le).
Nobilme'nte,
It.
Noble.
(no-bel-/d-te).
Noblement, Fr. (no-bl-man/fc). Noch, ^^.(nokh). Still, yet. 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
)
__
\
Nobly, grandly.
,
,
J
;
u, lute ; S,
but ; u, (French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
56
Noel, Fr. (no-el). A carol sung usually on the day before Christmas or on Christmas eve in the southern part of France. It.
Non,
Not.
(n5n).
Nonet, _ / A composition for nine voices or Nonett, Ger. (no-w#). } instruments. \ Nonftto, //. (no-ndf-to). > Nonuplet. A group of nine notes of the same time-value, performed in the time proper to six or (more generally) eight of the same kind belonging to the regular rhythm. .,
Nota, Lat. and
Nota bu6na,
means of its
The
A
(no-fa).
note.
(no-ta boo-J-na).
The
Notation.
Note.
It.
It.
An
accented note.
art of expressing musical tones or ideas
by
written characters.
character used to represent a musical tone and
time value.
term referring to the " shading " (nii-anAs). of vocal or instrumental music the change of time
A
Nuance, Fr.
;
and expression indicated by the composer or introduced by the performer, ^va). ^ Nu6va, It. (noo-J-va). 0-vo). ) Nu6vo, It. (noo-0-vo) force,
)
0, It. Or. rtwi- it.-
T ,-L ui-> It. (ob-ble-ea-te). , _. .. ._, , ,_ //. (ob-ble-ra-to). -
Obbhgati. ,., , .. ,. Obbhgdto, Ober, Ger.
(<>-ber).
Ober-manual, Ger. Ober-stimme, Ger. />v
ii.
,
s-
Ober-theil, Ger.
Obertura, Sp. a,
ale ; a,
Indispensable
:
applied to a
temporary solo in an ,_*__. chestral work.
or-
Upper, over, higher. (J-ber ma-noo-a/).
^
(<^ber sAttm-me). ^-i."
)
(
The upper manual. _
The upper
part.
(o-ber-tfl).
(o-\xi-too-riC).
add ;
}
/ > V
a,
care ;
a,
Overture.
arm
; e, eve ; e,
end ;
T,
ice ;
i, *'// ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Ober-werk, Ger.
(J-ber-vSrk).
Obligat, Ger. (6b-li-gat). ) ,YL ,-,./( Oblig6, Fr. (8b-le-zha). )
$?
The upper manual.
Obbhgato.
Oblique motion. When one part moves, while the other remains stationary. Obsiste'nte, Sp. (ob-sis-/J-te).
Resounding.
With ease. Ocio, Sp. (J-the-6). Slowly. Octave. The interval between the first and eighth tones of a diatonic scale. An interval between any tone and that seven degrees above.
Octet. i
Octette, Fr. (6k-tet). Octuor, Fr. (ok-twor). f I
Oktett, Ger. Octochord.
(6k-///). )
An
composition for eight voices or instruments.
J
.
(
Octogenary.
A
instrument of eight strings.
)
A group of eight notes of the same time-value, performed in the time proper to six notes of the same kind belonging to the regular rhythm.
Octuplet.
Oder, Ger.
(J-der).
Oeuvre, Fr.
(ovr).
Or, or else.
Work.
Open, parallel. Offen, Ger. (of-Pn). Open, manifest. Offenbar, Ger. (^/"-f'n-bar). Ohne, Ger. (-ne).
Without. Octave.
Oktave, Ger. (6k-/-fe).
A
Olio.
medley.
Ombra, It. (om-bra). Shading, nuance. Omnes, Lat. (^-nes). See Tutti Omnia, Lat. (^w-ni-a). 1
^
.
)
Omnitonic.
A
term used to designate any instrument
pable of producing 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
o,
done
;
all
oo,
ca-
tones.
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
58
Ondeggiame'nto,
//.
(6n-dad-je-a-w
quivering sound
An
undulating,
a tremolo.
It. (6n-ata/-je-
Ondeggidnte, waving. Ondul6, Fr.
;
Trembling, undulating,
Waving, trembling. A tremulous tone.
(6n^-dii-/rtr).
Onduliren, Ger. (on-doo-/^-r'n). It, (on-ga-rvf-ze).
Ongare'se,
Hungarian.
Oppure, It. (op-/<w-re). Or, or Opus, Lat. (o-pus). A work. Ordinario,
It.
else.
Common,
(5r-de-a-re-o).
ordinary.
tone sustained or repeated against a number of passing chords is termed an organ-point or
Any
Organ-point.
pedal-point.
An
Ornament.
It.
Ornatame'nte,
Ornato,
It.
embellishment, a grace. (5r-na-ta-wJ-te).
Orthisch, Ger.
Osservanza,
lished.
High, acute.
(or-tish).
//.
Ornamented, embel-
)
)
(5r-a-t6).
(os-sar-z/aw-tsa).
Strictness
in
keeping
time.
Ossia,
It. (os-se-'a).
Or
;
or
else.
Obstinate; thus basso ostinato Ostinato, It. (6s-te-a-to). denotes a ground bass that is, a bass which is re;
peated again and again. Otez, Fr.
Off.
(J-ta).
Otium, Lat.
Slowly, with grace and ease. Octave.
(J-shi-um).
Ottava,
It. (St-Aj-va).
Ott^tto,
It.
An
(ot-^Mo).
Ow6ro,
It. (ov-z/J-ro).
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
octet.
Brass.
Ott6ne, //. (ot-^J-ne). Ou, Fr. (oo). Or. Ouvert, Fr. (oo-vdr).
care ;
Open. Or. a,
arm
; e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Pacatame"nte, It. (pa-ka-ta-wtfw-te). Paean. A song of praise.
59
Placidly, quietly.
A rearrangement, or adaptation, of a vocal or instrumental composition, for some other instrument or combination of instruments, with such embellish-
Paraphrase.
ments and variations as the arranger may choose to introduce.
A
It. (par-/a-do). style of singing suggestive of in spoken style. recitative in clearness of enunciation
Parlando,
;
Parte,
It.
(par-te).
Part.
A
Partime'nto, It. (par-te-#zJ-to). Partition, Fr. (par-te-si-on/fc).
figured bass. "j
Partitur, Ger. (par-ti-Aw-r). v Partitiira, Lat. and It. (par-te-&>0-ra). f
score
J
It. (par-te-tse-0-ne).
Partizidne,
,A
Part-writing. The art of combining two or more vocal or instrumental parts. Sometimes used instead of the
term counterpoint. Paso de gargante, Sp. (pa-so de gar-tf-ta).
Trill of the
voice.
A
Passage.
repeated figure.
Passaggio, //. (pas-sad-je-6). bravura embellishment.
A A
section of a composition. passage, modulation, or
Notes foreign to the chords which they accompany, ascending or descending in diatonic or chromatic progression from one essential note of a
Passing-notes.
chord to an essential note of the following chord. Passionatame'nte, Passionate, Passi6ne,
It.
It.
(pas-se-5-na-ta-w-te).
It. (pas-se-^-ne).
Passionne*, Fr. (pas-se-on-na). 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
Passionately.
Impassioned. Fervent emotion.
(pas-se-6-wa-to).
o,
done
;
Passionate.
oo,moon ;
\\,lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
60
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
Pasticcio,
//. (pas-/
A
)
Pastiche, Fr. (pas-tesA).
)
medley composed of exfrom various operas.
cerpts
A
1
vocal
Pastoral,
.
Pastorale,
//. (P*s-t5-,*-le).
Pas trop PatStica,
Pat^ico,
J
ral
//.
//.
,
i,
^
or pastoral character. too slow.
Not
(pa-ta-te-ka-*w-te).
Pathetically.
)
(pa-M-te-ko).
Path^tique, Fr. (pa-^-tek).
)
Pathe'tiquement, Fr. (pa-M-tek-man>^). Pathetisch, Ger.
'
Pathetic.
(pa-M-te ka). It.
m .
V
'
lent, Fr. (pa tro lan^).
Pateticame*nte,
instrumental
generally compo^tion r f tirae * nd of
[
Pastorelle, Fr. (pas-toW/).
or .
Pathetically.
Pathetic.
(pa-tet-ish).
Patim^nto, It. (pa-te-wa-to). Grief. Paulatinam^nte, It. (pa-oo-la-^-na-wJw-te). Gently. Pausa, It. (pa-oo-za). Pause. A hold expressed by the sign /TN, which denotes that the note or rest over which it is placed is to be prolonged at the pleasure of the performer.
Paventato, /A (pa-ven-^o-to).
Afraid, fearful.
Pavent6so, It. (pa-ven-/fj-z5). In a style expressive of Pean. A paean a song of praise.
fear.
;
Pedale,
It. (pa-o^-le),
Ger. (pe-a-le), and Fr. (pa-/). Pedal.
Peddle d6ppio, It. (pa-
Organ
Pedal-point.
Pens6so,
It.
point.
(pen-w-zo).
)
f
.
Pensieroso, Per,
It.
It. (par).
Through, from,
Percant, Fr. (per-san^). a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
; a,
Contemplative, pensive.
)
(pen-se-a-rtf-zo).
in, for, by.
Piercing.
arm
;
e,
eve
; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
\,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Perdendo,
It.
Perdend6si,
It.
Perpetuo,
It.
Pesante,
(par-^-do).
It.
)
(par-dan-
aw
morendo
.
)
Perpetual.
(par-pa-Aw-o).
Heavy,
(pe-axw-te).
.
61
firm.
Pesantemnte, //.
(pe-zan-te-*5-te). Small. Petite, Fr. (pe-te). Peu, Fr. (puh). Little.
Heavily, impressively.
Peu a peu, Fr. (puh a Pe"zzi, //. (pat-se).
Little by little. puh). Detached pieces of music.
Pe"zzo, It. (pat-so).
A
Phantasie, Ger.
piece.
Fantasia.
(fa.n-ta.-ze).
Phantasie-stucke, Ger. (fan-ta-z-shtuk). A composition having the style and character of a fantasia.
Phantasiren, Ger.
Improvising.
(fan-ta-z^-r'n).
Philharmonic, Gr. (fil-har-/w^-ik). Lovingharmony or music. Phrasing. The proper rendition of a composition with regard to the relative importance, melodic and rhythmic character, of its phrases.
Piacre,
It. (pe-'a-^-re).
"
sire.
PiaceVole,
At
It.
According to the performer's de-
pleasure."
(pe-a-^J-vo-le).
Smooth, suave.
Piacevolme'nte, (pe-a-che-vol-#zJ-te). Piacime'ntO,
Pian^tto,
It.
(pe-a-che-wz^-to).
It. (pe-'a-
Piang^ndo,
Smoothly.
The same
//. (pe-a-^>ar-do).
as Piacere.
soft.
Very low, very
-\
1
Flangevole,
It. (pe-'an-v?-vo-le).
Piangevolme'nte,
Pianissimo Piano,
It.
It.
>
(pe-an-ga-vol-/-te).
It. (pe-an-fr-se-mo).
(pe-o-no).
Piccant^ria, con,
Very
Plaintive.
)
soft.
Soft.
It.
(pe-kan-^-re-a).
With
sprightly, pi-
quant expression. 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done
;
oo,
moon
;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(PrencK).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
62
The
Slightly detached.
mezzo-staccato in violin-playing expressed
Picchettato, Picchiettato,
by staccato dots over which is placed a slur. Notes so marked are to be played in one
It. (pe-ket-Az-to). It. (pe-ke-et-*i'-t6).
bow. Piccolo,
Small.
It. (/.f-ko-lo).
Piece, Fr. (pi-ds). tion of pieces.
A
Pieds, Fr.
Feet.
(pi-d).
PiSna,
It. (pe-J-na).
)
PiSno,
It. (pe-
>
Pigta,
It. (pe-
Suite de pieces, a collec
piece
f
^
Pity, tenderness.
It. (pe-a-t5-za-7w-te).
Pietosame'nte,
Tenderly. Tender. Piet6so, It. (pe-a-A?-z6). Pince", Fr. (pan^-sa). i. Plucked or twanged by the fingers, as the strings of a harp or guitar. 2. Pizzicato in violin-
A
mordent. 3. playing. See Picchettato. Pique", Fr. (pi-&f ). Pitch. The place a tone occupies in the musical scale. It. (pet-to-r-ko).
Pittorico,
Piu,
It.
Piu le"nto, Piu t6sto, Pizzicato,
It.
(pe-oo /
It.
(pe-oo
It.
(pet-se-M-to).
instruments
Embellished.
More.
(pe-oo).
fos-to).
More
slowly.
Rather.
A
term used in music for bow-
(violin, violoncello), directing
to play that portion of the music so
the performer
marked by pluck-
ing the strings with the finger. Placenterame'nte, a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
It.
care
Joyfully
(pla-chen-ter-a-*w
a,
arm;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i, /'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS //. (pl'a.-cAe-d'a. -mdn-te).
Placidamente,
Calmly, smoothly.
Placido,
It.
(/)/a-che-do).
Calm, tranquil.
Placito,
It.
(//a-che-to).
Pleasure.
Ad
The subdominant
Plagal cadence.
63
libitum.
[tonic.
triad followed
by the
A
lament. Plainte, Fr. (planet). Plaintive, doleful. [tions. Plaintif, Fr. (plan^-tef). Plaisanteries, Fr. (pla-zan^-t're). Amusing, light composiStruck together. Un accord Plaqu6, Fr. (pla-&?). .
.
.
plaque, an unbroken chord. Plaquer, Fr. (pla-ka). To strike at once.
Plarren, Ger. (fldr-r'n). To sing monotonously with a hoarse or cracked voice.
Plauso,
It.
Plus, Fr.
Plus
(pla-oo-zo).
Fr.
It.
It.
PochettO,
It.
Pochino,
Pochissimo, P6CO,
//.
P6co a p6co, P6i,
(po-ket-A?-n6).
\
>
A
little.
(po-te-no). It.
It.
It.
It.
As
(po-kes-j^-mo).
little
as possible.
Little.
(po-ko a po-ko).
Little by little. Leaned or dwelt upon.
(pod-je-a-to).
Then, thereafter.
It. (po-e).
Poi a poi,
With more animation. Slower, more slowly.
lan^t-man^).
(plii
(p6-&-to).
(/J-k5).
Poggiato,
Applause.
sa-ne-ma).
(plii
Plus lentement, Fr. Pochettino,
to sing
More.
(plii).
anim,
;
(po-e a po-e).
Point, Fr. (pwanA).
A
By
degrees.
dot.
[hold.
/r\
Point d'arret, de repos, Fr. (pwan/5 d'ar-rat diih repo). A Point final, Fr. (pwan^ ie-ndl). The last pause. Point d'orgue, Fr. (pwan/fc d'org). A hold; a cadenza; an organ-point.
Points detaches, Fr. o,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
done
(pwan/fc da-td-sha). ; oo,
moon
; u,
Staccato-dots.
lute ; u, but ;
ii,
(French),
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
64
Pointe, Fr. (pwant). i. In violin-playing, the head or point of the bow. 2. In organ-playing, the toe. Pointer, Fr. (pwanA-ta). To perform staccato.
Polyphonic (p61-i/^-ik).
Contrapuntal.
Polyphony (pS-^-o-ny). Counterpoint in the broadest sense. Pompos, Ger. (pom-/&). Pompous, majestic. Pomposame'nte, It. (p8m-po-za-w
Pomp6so,
(pom-/0-zo).
Ponctuation, Fr. Ponctuer, Fr.
Ponder6so,
Dignified,
To
(ponc-tii-a).
It.
.
Phrasing.
phrase.
Heavy
(pon-deVJ-z5).
Ponticello, It. instrument.
pompous.
(ponc-tii-a-tse-Sn/fc).
;
strongly marked.
The bridge of a bow(p6n-te-^J/-lo). Sul ponticello, play near the bridge. . .
A
(por-ta-zJ-t6). gliding from one tone to another, which causes the intermediate tones to be It.
Portamento,
slightly heard.
Portando la v6ce, voice
It. (por-/tf-do la w-che). similar to portamento.
;
Portdta,
It.
(por-to'-ta).
Staff.
Portdto,
It.
(por-to'-to).
Sustained.
Sustaining the
Port de voix, Fr. (port duh vwa). Portamento. Porter la voix, Fr. (por-ta la vwa). To carry the voice. Posato,
It.
Dignified.
(po-20-to).
Pos6ment, fr. (po-tJ-manA). Posato. Poser la voix, Fr. (po-sa-la vwa). A direction for a to attack the tone with clearness and precision. Positif, Fr. (po-ze-tef).
Possibile,
It.
vocalist
Choir-organ.
(pos-jr-be-le).
Possible.
Postlude (/tf-lude). An organ composition played close of a church-service an after-piece.
at the
;
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a care
; a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS A
Pot-pourri, Fr. (pot-poor-re). Pousse", Fr. (poos-sa). Up-bow.
Prachtig, Ger. (pr$kh-\.\g).
65
medley.
Grand, majestic, dignified. An inverted mordent.
Pralltriller, Ger. (pral-tril-ler).
A
Praludium, Ger. (pra-Aw-di-oom).
prelude.
Exact, precise. Prazis, Ger. (pra-tsis). Director of a choir. Precentor. It.
Precipitamente, It.
Precipitate,
(pra-che-pe-ta-w5-te).
(pra-che-pe-Am-do). Hurrying. Hurried. (pra-che-pe-&z-to).
Precipitazi6ne, It. (pra-che-pe-tat-se-J-ne). Hurried. Precipite", Fr. (pra-j^-pi-ta). It.
Precipit6so,
Hurriedly.
//.
Precipitando,
Precipitation.
Precipitous.
(pra-che-pe-A^zo).
Precision. Precisi6ne, It. (pra-che-ze-J-ne). Precise, exact. Preclso, It (pra.-cAe-zo) .
Prefacion, Sp. (pra-fa-the-J).
__
..
,
.
It. (pra-fa-tse-J-ne).
PrefaziOne,
)
_
(
Preface, introduction.
)
A
The (pra-ghe-a-ra). prayer. ern salon pieces of a devotional character.
Preghi6ra,
It.
A
Preludlo,
mod-
movement,
as an overture to an
(pre-liid).
It.
of
prelude. Any piece of music forming an introduction to a more
extended Prelude, Fr.
title
(pre-loo-^-o).
Praeludium, Lat. (pre-/w-de-um).
oratorio or opera; also title of certain
the
pieces for the organ
and pianoforte which are independent compositions.
Premier, Fr. (prem-i-J). 6,
old ;
5,
odd ;
6,
First.
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but
; ii,
(French)
<
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
66
Premier dessus, Fr. (prem-1-dr
First soprano. public performance of
des-sii).
The
Premiere, Fr. (prem-e-dr). a work.
first
Premiere fois, Fr. (prem-e-Jr fwa). First time. PrSsa, It. (prd-sa). The signs indicating the entrance of each part of a canon $. :g; -g. + *. Pressante, It. (pres-san-&). Accelerando, stringendo. Pressez, Fr. (pres-sa.). Accelerando, stringendo.
Pressez un peu, Fr. (pres-sa anA po).
Poco stringendo.
Pressirend, Ger. (pres-j'-rend). Hurrying. Pressure tone. A sudden crescendo.
Prestame'nte, Preste"zza,
//.
(pres-ta-;-te).
It. (pres-/a/-sa).
Prestissimamnte, It.
(pres-tes-se-ma-/w J-te).
As
)
fast as
It.
Prestissimo, Presto,
It.
Hurriedly.
Rapidity.
) possible. (pres-/-se-mo). Fast. Faster than allegro but slower (prds-to).
than prestissimo. Pre'sto assai,
Presto,
//.
ma
Very
(prds-to as-sa-e).
non trdppo,
Quick, but not too Priere, Fr. (pre-Jr).
It.
much
(prds-to
Prayer.
It.
Prima parte peat the
Prima Prima
trop-po).
so.
(pre-m). First. Prima donna, It. (pre-mi dSn-r&). singer in an opera.
Prima,
fast.
ma non
It.
repetita,
The
(prt-ma. par-te
Re-
ra.-pe-te-ta).
first part.
vista,
It.
(pre-mi. ves-ta).
At
v61ta,
It.
(pre-m&
The
The
Prime.
leading soprano
z/J/-ta).
key-note or tonic.
first sight.
first
time.
Also used in place of
unison.
Primo,
It.
a, ale ; a,
(pre-m5).
add ;
a,
care
First. ;
a,
arm
; e,
eve
; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Prim-tone, Ger.
Fundamental tones, or
(prfm-tS-nz'). //.
Principalme'nte,
6/
(pren-che-pal-#z<J-te).
notes.
Principally,
chiefly.
Soprano and bass.
Principal voices.
A
ft.
Principiante,
(pren-che-pe-aw-te). beginner. First time, beginning. Principle, ft. (pren-c^-pe-o).
Prise du sujet, Fr. (pres
Entrance of the sub-
dii sii-zha).
ject.
An
Proasma.
introduction, or a short symphony. Rehearsal.
Probe, Ger. (fira-be). It.
Produce*nte,
Pr6nta, Pr6nto,
(pron/fct-manA).
It. (pron-ta.).
It.
Prontame'nte, //.
It.
Promptly, quickly.
Prompt.
(pron-ta-wtfw-te).
(pro-to).
Pronunziato, Prop6sta,
Fifth tone of the scale.
(pr5-doo-
Promptement, Fr.
Promptly.
Prompt. Pronounced.
(pro-noon-tse--to).
The
It. (pro-pos-ta.).
subject of a fugue.
Proslambanomenos, Gr. (pros-lam-ba-w^-e-nos). est note in the Greek system. Pr6va, Pulse.
It. (pro-va.).
A
The
low-
Rehearsal.
beat or accent.
Punctum, Lat. (/^w^-tum). An ancient name for note, meaning point. Punctum contra punctum, Lat. (punk-idm kSn-tra. punkPoint against point
tum).
Punctus, Lat. (/*/-tus).
)
\
A
counterpoint.
;
dot,
a point.
) Punkt, Ger. (poonkt). Punta, It. (poon-tai). The point, the
Punta
d' arco,
Puntato,
PuntO, o,
old ;
//.
It.
6,
ft.
(poon-te d'ar-ko).
(poon-/a-to).
(poon-to).
odd ;
6,
A
top.
Point of the bow.
Pointed, detached, staccato'd. dot,
a point.
done ; oo, moon
;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ; U, (French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
68
A
Quadrat, Ger. (kwad-raV). ft.
Quadrate,
natural
ft
The note B
(kwad-ro-to).
in the natural or
diatonic scale.
n j Ouadncmium, Lat. A a _x/A rFr. Quadripartite,
-
\
)
(kwad-n-jf-i-um).
A
/
?
j
,1
quartet a composition in four ;
(
(ka.d-n-pa.r-M).
*
p3.rts.
It.
Quadro,
A
(kwa-dro).
natural
ft.
Counterpoint in four invertible
Quadruple counterpoint. parts.
Four beats to a measure. group of four equal notes intended to be performed in the time of three or six of the same time-
Quadruple time.
A
Quadruplet.
value in the regular rhythm. The interval of a fourth.
Quart.
Quarta, Lat. and It. (guar-ia). Quarte, Ger. (Jhoar-te), and Fr. (kart). Quasi, Lat. and It. (gua-ze). ) Quatre, Fr. (katr). Quattro,
It.
(kwat-tro).
An
Fourth.
The inter-
val of a fourth.
J
Nearly, like
;
as
if.
)
A
Quatuor, Fr. (M-tu-6r).
Quaver.
1
quartet.
eighth note.
Quedo, Sp. (M-do). Softly, gently, in a low voice. Querimonia, Lat. (quer-i-wJ-ni-a). A religious cantata of a dolorous cast.
QuSsto,
//.
Queue, Fr.
(kwas-io).
"Tail."
(kiih).
A
Quiebro, Sp. (ke-a-bro).
Stem
of a note.
shake or
A
tailpiece.
trill.
Quiet, calm. Five.
Quie'to, It. (kwe-^-to).
Quinque, Lat. (quin-que). Quint, Lat. (quint). a,
ale ; a,
add ;
i,
The
care ;
a,
interval of a
arm ;
e,
eve ;
fifth.
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
T,
ill :
OF MUSICAL TERMS An
Quint-absatz, Ger. (kwmt-ab-satz). on the dominant.
69
imperfect cadence
Quinte, Fr. (kan^t) and Ger. (kwin-te). Fifth. Treble. Quint-saite, Ger. (kwint-si-te). The E-string of a violin. quintet. Quintuor, Fr. (kwin-tii-or). Quintuple time. Five beats to a measure.
A
Quintuplet. A group of five notes of the same timevalue performed in the time of four of the same kind in the regular rhythm.
Rabbia,
It.
(ra^-be-a).
Rage, frenzy.
Raccourcir, Fr. (ra-coor-ser). To abridge. Racleur, Fr. (ra-klur). poor player.
A
It.
Raddolcendo, Raddolce'nte,
Raddolcito,
(rad-dol-<:M-d5).
//.
It.
}
(rad-dol-f^-to).
Raddoppiate n6te,
It.
Gradually
softer,
calmer.
)
(rad-dol-^a-te).
Calmer, gentler.
(rad-dop-pe-a-te
-te).
Repeated or
reiterated notes.
Raggione,
It. (rad-je-J-ne).
Rallentamento, Rallentando,
It.
//.
Ratio, proportion.
(ral-len-ta-wJw-to).
Rallentato,
ft.
Rallentdre,
It. (ral-len-^a-re).
Rapidame'nte, Rapidita,
Gradually slackening the tempo.
(ral-len^-to).
Compass
Range.
)
)
(ral-len-&jf-do).
It.
of a voice or instrument. (ra-pe-da-*<7-te)
//. (ra-/^-de-ta).
.
Rapidly.
Rapidity.
Rapido, //. (rd-pe-do). Rapid. Rasch, Ger. (rash). Swift, rapid. Rascher, Ger. (rasch-er). Faster. Rattenendo, //. (rat-te- a--do). Rattenuto, //. (rat-te-<w-to). 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
done
;
oo,
moon ;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ;u,( French)
7O
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
Rattezza,
It. (rat-/^-sa). It.
Raucedine,
Rauco,
Speed, rapidity. Hoarseness.
(ra-oo-che-^-ne).
Hoarse, harsh.
It. (ra-oo-ko).
Rauh, Ger. (rowh).
Rough, harsh, hoarse.
A
Rauscher, Ger. (r0w-scher).
Ravvivdndo
il
It.
tempo,
rapidly repeated note.
(rav-ve-z>-do
el
tam-po).
Re
in the
Ac-
celerating the tempo.
This syllable Sol-fa system.
Ray.
Name
Re.
used
is
D
of the note
in place of
in Italy, etc.
Tonic
The second degree
of the diatonic scale. 1
Re
The
be'mol, Fr. (ra ba-mol).
Recht, Ger. (rekht).
Recht hand, Ger. Rcit, Fr. (ra-se).
note Db.
Right.
Right hand.
(rekt hand).
An instrumental
The
or vocal solo part.
principal part in a piece of concerted music. //.
Recitando,
(ra-che-/-do).
In declamatory
,
It.
(ra-che-te-te). Recitante, Re'citant. Fr. (ra-se-tanA). ,
'?
\_
.
)
Recitante, Fr. (ra-se-tante.)) R^citatif , Fr. (ra.-se-ta.-tef). Recitativ, Ger.
Recitativo,
plays or sings a solo.
Recitative
\
musical decla-
;
mation
ft. (ra-che-ta-A?-vo). )
;
a style of de-
clamatory singing.
Right, straight, forward.
Recte, Lot. (r/-te).
ward
One who
(ret-si-Ai'-tif).
Recte et retro, Lat.
style.
)
(rek-te et r
Forward, then back-
the subject or melody reversed, note for note. The note 1 Re" diese, Fr. (ra di-dz). ;
D
Redfta,
It. (ra-<#-ta).
Reddfta,
//.
A
(red-^-ta).
repeat
J
Redondilla, Sp. (ra-don-del-ya).
Redublicato, a,
ale ; a,
A
//. (re-doob-le-^a-to).
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm ;
e,
roundelay.
Redoubled. eve
; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
/'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Fr.
Rflchir,
To throw
(ra-fla-sher).
/I back, to
rever-
berate.
A
Refrain.
burden or chorus sung after each stanza of a
song.
The theory and practice of using and comRegistration. bining the various stops of an organ. Pure, clear, perfect. Rein, Cer. (rin). Reine stimme, Ger. (rf-ne sAtfm-me). Clear voice. It.
Religiosame'nte,
(re-le-je-6-za-z-te).
)
Devoutly,
re-
) Religi6so, It. (re-le-je-J-zo). ligiously. Reentrance of a part or theme. Rentree, Fr. (ran^-tra). Renvoi, Fr. (ranA-vwa). The sign denoting that the per-
^?
former must return to and repeat from a similar sign. Repercussion Repercotimento, It. (re-par-ko-te-J-to). / \
_
>
Repercussio, Lot. (rep-er-^j-si-o).
A
Repercussion. RSpercuter,
Fr.
\ J
frequent repetition of the
To
(ra-per-/tw-ta).
;
the answer, in .
a fugue.
same sound.
repercuss,
to
rever-
berate.
Repetatur, Lat. (rep-e-^'-tur). Let it be repeated. Repetieren, Ger. (ra-pa-te-r'n). To repeat. It. (re-pa-te-tse-^-ne).
Repetizi6ne, Replica,
It.
Replicato,
(r
//.
Replicate.
A
A
Repetition.
repeat.
Repeated. tone one or more octaves higher or lower
(rep le-/&a-to).
than a given tone. Replicazi6ne, It. (rep-le-ka-tse--ne). Repetition. Repondre, Fr. (ra-ponAdr). To respond, to answer.
RSpOns, Fr.
(ra-pon^s).
An
answer.
Re'ponse, Fr. (ra-pon^s). An answer. Repos, Fr. (riih-po). A pause. 5, old ; 8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo moon
; \i,lute ;
u,6uf
; ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
72
Reprise, Fr. (riih prez). The burden of a song tion, or return, to some previous part.
Requiebro, Sp. ResoliitO,
trill
a repeti
of the voice.
See Risoluto. used to indicate an interval of
//. (res-6-/0o-t6).
The
Rest.
A
(ra-ke-
;
character
between two tones.
silence
ReVeille, Fr.
Awaking;
(ra-z/J-ye).
signal given by
drum
dawn.
to soldiers at
tone-movement produced two or more tones of equal or unequal time-value. One tone cannot of itself produce rhythm, but being followed by one or more tones there results a rhythm exhibiting the relative time-value of the tones employed. When a motive or group is repeated many times in the course of a composition and
Rhythm
Rhythm.
by sounding
music
in
is
in succession
at regular intervals, the resulting rhythm is called by name of the composition in which it is used; as
the
the rhythms peculiar to the march, waltz, polka, mazurka, and polonaise. Musical rhythm may or may not
be accented; music for the organ, for example, does not admit of accent. Ribattime'ntO,
It,
(re-bat-te-z-t6).
Repercussion, rever-
beration.
Ribbattuta,
Ricantare,
//. (re-kan-Ai'-re).
Ricordanza, RigO,
//.
Rig6re,
It.
(re-go).
add ;
To
(re-kor-
The
It. (re-,fJ-re).
a, ale ; a,
A
//. (rir>bat-/to?-ta).
&,
care
kind of
trill.
sing again.
Remembrance, recollection.
staff.
Rigor, strictness. ; a,
arm
; e, eve ; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Rilasciando,
It.
Rilasciante,
It.
(re-la-she-
)
.,
Rallentando.
\ >
(re-la-she-a-te).
Holding back, or
Rimette'ndo, It. (re-met-/if-do). ing the tempo. It.
Rinforzame'nto,
//.
Rinforzando,
73
Reinforcement.
(ren-for-tsa-wJw-to).
(ren-f 5r-tsan-do)
retard-
Strengthening, empha-
.
sizing. It. (ren-for-tai'-re).
Rinforzare,
To reinforce;
to emphasize.
With special emphasis, Rinforzato, It. (ren-for-taz-to). when used for a single tone or chord sudden increase ;
when used
in loudness, It.
Rinf6rzo,
(ren-fir-tso). It.
Rintronato, Ripi^no,
It.
Riposato,
It. (re-/J-zo). It. (re-/Jj-ta).
It.
It.
It.
Risentito,
Risolut^zza, It.
Risoluzi6ne,
old ;
5,
It.
It.
Risolutissimo,
Risondnte,
Repeat.
A
To
It.
sign
^
With energy. (re-zo-loo-ta-z5-te). Resolution.
(re-z6-loo-/r-se-m5).
Very
energetic.
Energetic, decided.
(re-zo-a-te). 6,
The
Vigorous, energetic.
It. (re-zo-loo-tse-J-ne)
odd ;
Resuming.
(re-zo-loo-/^-sa).
(re-z5-/00-to).
It.
resume.
reprise or repeat.
(re-sen-/-to).
Risolutam^nte,
RisolutO,
Rest, repose.
(re-pren-^Jw-do).
(re-prd-zz).
Restfully.
Restful.
//. (re-pren-5-re).
Riprenddndo,
6,
(re-po-za-ta-wzJw-te).
It. (re-p5-za-to).
Riprende're,
Resuming.
(re-pel-ye-a-do). It.
Riposatam^nte,
Ripr^sa,
Repetition.
Equivalent to Tutti. To resume. (re-pel-ye-
It.
Ripigliando,
Rip6so,
Resounded, reechoed.
(re-pe-te-tse-^ne).
It, (re-pe-J-no).
Ripigliare,
Riposta,
Strengthened.
(ren-tro-a-to).
//.
Ripetizidne,
for a short passage or phrase.
.
Energy, decision.
Resounding, ringing.
done ; oo, moon
; li,
lute ; u, but
;
ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
74
It.
Risp6sta,
The answer
(res-/0j-ta).
in a
fugue
;
conse-
quent in a canon.
A
Ristre'tro, //. (re-strat-to).
stretto.
Risvegliare,
It.
Risvegliito,
It. (res-val-ye-a-to).
Ritardando,
It. (re-tar-^/aw-do).
It. (re-tar-^a-to)
Ritarddto,
It.
Ritene"nte,
//.
It.
Ritenuto,
to animate.
lively.
Decreasing in speed. Decreased in speed.
.
(re-te--do). (re-te-J-te). (re-ta.-noo-to).
Much used
Animated,
Decrease in speed.
It. (re-tar-do).
Ritardo,
Ritengndo,
To awaken,
(res-val-ye-a-re).
)
Holding back.
5
The same
as Rallentando.
Held back,
in slower tempo.
incorrectly for rallentando.
Ritmo,
It.
(ret-mo).
Rftmo
di
due
Rhythm.
battiite, It. (ret-mo
de doo-e bat-^o-te).
A
two-measure rhythm.
Rftmo
di tre battiite,
(ret-mo de tra bat-/w-te).
//.
A
three-
measure rhythm. Ritornando, Ritorndre,
//.
It.
(re-tor-a-do).
(re-tor-a-re).
To
Returning. return.
instrumental
prelude
interlude, or postlude to
accompanied vocal works.
A
repeat.
The
refrain of
}An a song. Riverberame'nto, Rivolgime'ntO,
Reverberation.
It. (re-var-be-ra-wzrtw-to).
It. (re-vdr-so).
Rive'rso,
It.
Reversed.
Retrograde. Inversion of (re-v61-ye-7#-t6).
the
parts in invertible counterpoint.
RivoltdtO, Riv61to,
Robato,
//. (re-v5l-/a-t5).
It. It.
a, ale ; a,
(re-^/-to). (ro-3a-to).
add ;
a,
care ;
Inverted.
Inversion.
Robbed, borrowed. a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS It.
Robustaaie'nte,
Robusto,
It. It.
Roccoco,
Boldly and firmly.
(ro-boos-ta-0z-te).
Bold and
(ro-60os-to).
(ro-&o-ko).
75
firm.
Odd, old-fashioned.
Hoarse, rough-sounding. Hoarseness. Roche'zza, It. (r6-&?/-sa). Hoarse. R6co, It. (ro-ko). It. (ro-ke).
Roche,
Roc6co,
It.
(ro-/J-k6).
Rohr-werk, Ger.
Rococo.
A
Reed- work.
(rdr-v&rk).
term given to
of the reed stops in an organ. whole note. Ronde, Fr. (rond). all
A
Ronquedad,
Sp. (ron-ke-dad
Hoarseness.
).
Ronzame'nto, It. (r5a-tsa-/nJ-to). Humming, buzzing. Root. The note on which a chord is constructed, and from which the chord receives its letter-name. For example, in the
chord of G, the root is G. A melodic form composed of a figure or phrase repeated several times each re P etition tak '
Rosalia,
It.
(rew^ya).
Rosalie, Ger. (ro-za-le).
above the preceding one repetitions
may
;
also occur
the
on
any degree. Rossign61er, Fr.
(ro-sen-jj/J-la).
To
imitate the song of the
nightingale.
Rot6ndo,
It.
(ro-AJ-do).
Full,
round.
Pertaining
to
tone. It. (rot-te). Broken, interrupted. Roucouler, Fr. (roo-koo-/). To coo, to
R6tte,
trill,
to quaver.
Roulade, Fr. (roo-ldd). A grace composed of an arpeggio or run joining one principal tone to another. A flourish in vocal or instrumental music. 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; u,
lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(French)*
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
76
It. (ro-z^r-she-o). Rove"rsio, It. (ro-vdr-se-o).
Roverscio,
Rovesciame'nto.
It.
)
(ro-va-she-a-*J-t6).
Contrary motion.
sion.
Rovescio,
It.
-
Revers on
)
Inversion.
Rever-
Retrograde motion.
Imitation by contrary motion. given to a piece of music so conmay be performed backwards.
(ro-zvf-she-6).
The term
also
is
structed that
it
Rubato, It. (roo-M-to). Changing the time-value of notes comprising any part of a composition. The term really indicates a free use of accelerando and rallentando according to the taste of the performer the less impormelody notes being accelerated while those most ;
tant
prominent are prolonged. Riickgang, Ger. (r-gangk). Return. The term is used to indicate a transition from one melody or theme to the repetition of a previous one. Ger.
Ruckling,
(r-oongk).
Syncopation.
change (enharmonische Riickung). Riickweiser Ger. (rw-vl-ser). The sign Ger. (roo-te-poonkf). -k'n. Ruhezeichen, Ger.
Ruheptmkt,
Ruhig, Ger.
Calm,
(roo-hig).
^?
}
)
tranquil, quiet.
Riihrung, Ger. (riih-roongk).
Run.
Enharmonic
Emotion.
A
In vocal music the term rapid scale-passage. given to such a passage sung to one syllable.
Rundgesang,
Ger. (roond-gc&-sangK).
A
vocal solo with
is
re-
frain for chorus.
Russe, Fr. Rustico,
It.
(riiss).
a,
ale ; 5,
//.
Rustic, rural.
It.
(roo-ve-da-*-te). Coarsely, roughly. Coarse, rough. (roo-z/^-do).
Ruvidame'nte,
Rurido,
Russian.
(roos-te-ko).
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm;
e,
eve ; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
///;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
77
Church music.
Sacred music.
Saengerfest, Ger. (sdng-zi-fist). A festival mans of a musical and social character.
Saggio,
It. (ja-je-o).
Saite, Ger.
(jf-te).
Saiten-bandiger,
A
An
essay, a
among
the Ger-
trial.
string.
A
Ger. (jf-t'n-Mw-di-gher). musician. Two or more strings tuned in
Saitenchor, Ger. (-t'n-kor). unison.
Saiteninstrumente, Ger. (jf-t'n-in-shtroo-//M-te)
.
Stringed
instruments.
Salmeggiamento, It. (sal-mad-je-a-*-t6). Salmo, It. (sal-mo). Psalm.
Psalmody.
Parlor grand (pianoforte). salon or parlor compo-
Salonflugel, Ger. (sa-lonyfw-g'l). Salonstuck, Ger. (sa-lon-shtiik).
A
sition.
Saltato,
It.
A
(sal-j-t6).
variety of the "springing
bow"
in violin-playing.
Saltereito,
A
It. (sal-te-r<J/-to).
term given to the rhythm
A
leap or skip. collection of airs. Ger. (j
Salto,
//. (sdl-io).
A
Samlung,
Sanftig, Ger.
(sdnf-tig).
Soft, gentle.
Sanftmuth, Ger.
(sanft-mool).
Sans, Fr. (san^).
Without.
Satz, Ger. (satz). Subject. Saut, Fr. (so). Skip.
Sbalzo,
It. (s&eU-tso).
Sbalzato, 6,
A
It. (sb'a.l-tsd-to).
old ; 5, odd ;
6,
Softness, gentleness.
Theme.
leap or skip.
Impetuously.
done ; oo, moon
;
u,
lute;
ii,
but
;
ii,
{French').
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
78 Sbarra,
//.
Scagnello, Scala, Scald.
It.
It. (sbar-ra.
A
Bridge.
scale.
Scandinavian bard.
The
Scale.
Double bat
Jop-pe-a).
(skaivyJ/'lo).
It. (s&a-l'a.).
A
Bar.
(sbar-rs.).
Sbarra d6ppia,
succession of tones in their regular order com-
prising any major or minor key chromatic g, the name of the series of half-tones beginning with any given note ;
and proceeding by half-tones to the octave of that note. Scale-degree. A degree of a scale, counting upwards from the keynote.
Scampanare, //. (skam-pa-
Scena, It. (shd-nz). A division in an act of a dramatic work. Also the name of a vocal solo of dramatic character.
Sclna da camera,
//.
(sM-na.
Chamber
da &z-me-ra).
music.
Scenario,
//. (she-wa-re-6).
Scenarium.
An
Plot of a dramatic work.
opera-libretto containing the dialogue
and
directions for the performers.
See Scena.
Scene.
Schafer-gedicht,
Ger.
(sh&-icr-$ie-dtkht.)
Idyl, eclogue,
pastoral.
Shepherd's song; a pas-
Schaferlied, Ger. (shd-Kr-led). toral ditty.
Schafer-pfeife, Ger. (shd-ter pfi-ie).
Schalkhaft, Ger. Schall, Ger.
Shepherd's pipe.
Sportive, roguish. Sound, resonance.
(scktilk-\ilt).
(shall).
Cymbals. Schallbecken, Ger. (sholl-blk^n). Schallhorn, Ger. (j^a//-hom). Honi, cornet, trumpet. a,
ale
;
a,
add ;
i care
;
a,
arm
;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
fee ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Schallstab, Ger.
(j/4a//-shtab).
Schanzune, Ger.
(shan-/.Kw*-e).
Schaurig, Ger. (show-fig).
Triangle.
It.
Scherzante,
It. It.
Scherzevole,
Drama, dramatic
(skar-tai'-d6).
'
,
Scherzo,
8cherz6so,
Sportive.
J
acter.
See Scherzando.
//. (skar-/jj-zo). It.
com-
positions of a lively } char-
> V
,
Burlesque.
Titles given to various
}
(*Wr-tse-n5). /
Schiettam^nte,
light, playful style.
'
(skar-/jj-v6-le).
.. ,. It. (j&Sr-tso). ,
In a
\
(skar-tai'-te).
.
Scherzmo,
piece.
~\
Scherzhaft, Ger. (sherts-haft). //.
A corruption of chanson.
Weirdly.
Schauspiel, Ger. (sAow-shpel).
Scherzando,
79
(ske-at-ta-*w-te).
)
}
SchiettO, /Mske-JAto).
_ Simple, plain.
Schlacht-gesang, Ger. (shldkht-$&-sangk).
)
) Schlacht-lied, Ger. (sMMAt-led). Schlag, Ger. (shlag). A stroke, beat, or pulse. Schlag instrument, Ger. (shlag in-stroo-w//).
An
instru-
ment of percussion. Bad, weak. Schleif-bogen, Ger. (sMtf-60-g'n). Schlecht, Ger. (shlekt).
A slur.
Schleifen, Ger. (skK-Pn).
To
slur.
Schleifer-zeichen, Ger. (sAK-ier-tsf-khen).
Schleppen, Ger. (sMfy-pen).
To
A
slur.
retard, or drag.
Schleppend, Ger. (j^/^-pend). Retarding, dragging. End, close, cadence. Schluss, Ger. (shloos). Schluss-chor, Ger. (shloos-Ym). Final chorus. cadence. Schluss-fall, Ger. (skloos-?\). [cadence. Schluss-kadenz, Ger. (stifoos-ta-dents). Final or closing
A
Schluss-note, Ger. Schluss-reim, Ger. 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
(skloos--no\.).
(sti/oos-nm).
done
:
oo.
moon
Final note. Refrain. ; u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
8O
Schluss-satz, Ger.
(shloos-sa.tz).
Concluding movement.
Schluss-striche, Ger. (j/S/wj-shtrikh-e). Schluss-stiick, Ger. (sAIoos-shtuk).
Double-bar.
Concluding
piece.
Finale.
Schluss-zeichen, Ger. The hold /^.
(sbfoos-tst-kheri).
The
double-bar.
A
clef. Schliissel, Ger. (jv4/j-s'l). The note Schliissel-G, Ger. (s/t/Us-s'l-G).
on the second
Schmachtend, Schmeichelnd,
1
g
line of the treble-clef.
Ger. (sAma&A-tend). Ger. (shmi-keln'd).
Languishing. In a nattering, coaxing
style.
Schmelzend, Ger. (sAmel-tsend). Melting. Schmerz, Ger. (shmerts). Grief, sorrow. Schmerzhaft, Ger. (sfimfrts-h'aft). Sorrowful, dolorous. Schmerzhaftigkeit, Ger. (sAm/rts-haf-tig-kit). Sorrowfulness. Schmerzlich, Ger. (sAmtrts-likh). Sorrowful, plaintive. Schmerzlichkeit, Ger.
(sAmerfs-likh-liit). " .
Schmetterling, Ger. (sAmet-ter-ling)
Dolorousness.
Butterfly."
A
name
given to various instrumental compositions of light and playful character written mostly for the piano.
Schnarr-bass, Ger. (sAnarr-ba.ss).
Schnarr-werk, Ger. (^a>r-vark).
The drone bass. The reed stops
of an
organ, or a reed stop. Fast, rapid. Schnell, Ger. (shnell). Faster; also an inverted morSchneller, Ger. (shnel-ler). dent, /vv
Schollrohr, Ger. (sholl-ror). instruments. Schreibart, Ger. (j^rf-bart).
Schreiend, Ger. (s&rt-end). a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
Trumpets, bugles, brass wind
Style.
Strident, shrill, screaming.
arm ;
e,
eve
; e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
T,
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Schreiwerk, Ger.
8
1
Shrill-work; acute, or mix-
(s/iri-va.rk).
ture stops.
Moderate in pace.
Schrittmassig, Ger. (sArtt-mds-sig).
Rosalia.
Schusterfleck, Ger. (shoos-ier-Jl^k).
Schwach, Ger. (shvakh). Soft, weak. Schwacher, Ger. (sAva-ker). Softer. Schwacher taktteil, Ger. (jvfcz/J-ker tak-til).
The weak
beat.
A
Ger. (shvar-mer).
Schwarmer,
rauscher (a rapidly
re-
peated note). In musical acoustics, a
Ger. (shve-boongk). Similar to Tremulant.
Schwebung, Beat.
Schweigen, Ger. (sAvi-ghen). To be silent. Scbweigezeichen, Ger. (sAvi-ghe-tst-khen). A Schwellen, Ger. (shvel-1'n). To increase. Schwellton, Ger. (shvel-ton). Messa di voce.
rest.
Schwer, Ger.
(shvar). Heavy, difficult. Schwer-miithig, Ger. (stivdr-mu-iig). Sad, melancholy. Schwindend, Ger. (sAvfod-end). Dying away. Morendo. Schwingung, Ger. (j^ztfwf-oongk). Vibration of a string.
Schwungvoll, Ger. Scintillante, Sci61ta,
It.
It. (she-/-ta).
Scioltam^nte, Sciolt^zza, Sci61to,
It.
With swing and
(shvoong-io\).
and Fr.
Free, agile.
(she-ol-ta-#zJ-te).
It. (she-6l-A?/-sa).
It. (she-J/-to).
passion.
Brilliant.
(shm-til-/a-te).
Freely, fluently.
Freedom,
fluency.
Free.
Scordato, It. (skor-*/a'-to). Out of tune. The various parts of an instrumental or vocal comScore. position, written
each other to Scoring. 5, old ; 5,
on separate
staves,
and placed under
facilitate reading.
See instrumentation.
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii.
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
82 Scorre'ndO,
//.
(sk8r-rJ-do).
)
Glissando.
Scorrvole, //. (skor-rd-v5-le). ) Flowing, gliding. Scotch snap or catch. The rhythm 5^ which is peculiar ^ ** ' to Scotch melodies.
Sdegnante, It. (sdan-j/a-te). Angry, passionate. Sdegno, It. (sddn-yo). Scorn, indignation.
SdegnosamSnte, Sdegn6so,
It.
ft.
Scornfully.
(sdan-yo-za-z-te). Scornful.
(sdan-^J-zo).
Sdrucciolando,
It. //.
Sdrucciolare,
(sdroot-che-o-/
Glissando.
Sliding.
To
slide.
To
play
glissando.
Sc,
It. (sa).
Se bis6gna,
If. //.
(sa be-son-ya).
Sec, Fr. (sek). Secco, Fr. (sek-ko).
)
Simple, unembelhshed.
\
.
If necessary.
...
)
Sechs, Ger. (sekhs).
Six.
Sechsachteltakt, Ger. (sekhs-akh-t'l-/a^). Six-eight time. Sechs-saitig, Ger. (sekhs-jf-tig). Instrument with six strings. Sechs-theilig, Ger. (stkks-tt-lig). Sechzehntel, Ger. (sekh-tsen-t'l). Ger.
Sechzehntelpause, quaver rest.
In six parts. Semiquavers.
A
(sekh-tsen-t'l-/<7w-ze).
Sechsvierteltakt, Ger. (sekhs-fer-t'l'/a^).
semi-
Six-four time.
Second. An interval consisting of two conjunct degrees. There are three kinds, major, minor, and augmented.
Major Second.
Sec6nda,
It.
(sa-/&J-da).
Sec6nda volta, a, ale ; a,
Minor Second.
add ;
//.
a,
Second.
(sa-/tJ-da vol-ta).
care
; a,
Aug. Second.
arm
; e,
eve ;
Second time. e,
end ;
I,
ice
; I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
83
Seconde dessus, Fr. (sa-kond des-sii). Second soprano. Seconde fois, //. (sa-kond fwa). Second time. Sec6ndo,
It.
Second.
(sa->&J-d5).
Sec6ndo partito, Secular music.
The second part. par-/-to). Music other than that intended for devo-
It. (sa-Jkon-do
tional purposes.
Secunde, Ger. (se-&0on-de). A second. Secundiren, Ger. (se-koon-^r-en). To play the second Segnare, Se'gno,
To
//. (san-_ya-re).
It.
A
(sdn-yo).
part.
beat time.
See Al segno, also Dal The above
sign.
The
-A.. signs used are ^! :m.% terms direct the performer to repeat from the
/r\
place marked by the sign to the word Fine or to a double-bar marked with a hold.
If
segno.
,
Sometimes only the sign Se"gue,
Segue'ndo.
Segu^nte,
It.
(jJ-gwe
/a'-re-a).
//. (se-^a/dTw-do). It.
given.
Follows.
//. (j-gwe').
Se*gue 1'aria,
is
/
(sz-gwdn-te).
The
aria follows.
)
\
Following.
)
Segu^nza, It. (se-guan-isa). Sequence. S^gue s^nza interruzi6ne, It. (-itf-gwe sdn-tsa. ?-ter-root-tseGo on without stopping. ^-ne). Sehnsucht, Ger. (j
Very.
(sar).
Sehr lebhaft, Ger. Sei,
//. (sa-e).
Very
(sar /^-haft).
lively.
Six.
Seitenbewegung, Ger.
(jf-t'o-be-z/^f-goongk).
Oblique mo-
tion.
Seitensatz, Ger. (-t'n-satz). nata, rondo, 6,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
symphony,
A
secondary theme in a so-
etc.
done ; oo, moon
;
u, lute ; u,
but ; u, (French.)
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
84
To ascend in tone. S'elever, Fr, (jd7-e-va). Semeiotechnie, Fr. (se-ma-o-#-ne). system of musical
A
characters.
A whole note.
Semibreve.
A
Semicorchea, Sp. (sem-e-/Jr-ke-a).
semiquaver.
Semi-croma, Gr. (sem-W^-ma). A semiquaver Semi-cr6ma, It. (sem-e-^rJ-ma). ) Semicrotchet. A quaver or eighth note. Semidemisemiquaver. A sixty-fourth note.
A
Semiminim.
.
crotchet, or quaver.
Semipausa, Lat. (sem-e-/aw-sa). A semibreve rest. Semiquaver. A sixteenth note. Semitone. The smallest interval used in modern music. Example.
Chromatic.
Semi-tonique, Fr. (sem-e-^J-nek).
Semplice,
It.
Simple, unaffected.
(sam-//-che).
Sempliceme'nte,
It.
(sam-ple-che-z
Simply,
unaf-
fectedly.
Se'mpre,
It.
Sensibile,
(sfim-pr).
It.
Continually, throughout.
(sen-j-be-le).
Expressive, feeling.
Sensibilita,//. (sen-se-te-le-ta).
Expression.
Sensibilme'nte, //. (sen-se-bel-#z-te). Expressively. The leading-note. Note sensiSensible, Fr. (sa.nA-sel>l). ble is another term for the leading-note.
Sentie, Fr.
Expressed,
(sa.nA-te).
felt.
Sentimentale, Fr. (san-te-;w-tal). Sentime'nto,
Snza,
It. (sdn-tsa.).
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care
Sentimental.
Sentiment, feeling.
It. (sen-te-wzdw-to).
Without ;
a,
arm;
e,
eve
;
e,
end ;
T,
ice
;
I,
ill f
OF MUSICAL TERMS Se*nza
fiori, //. (sfin-tsa. fe-J-re).
85
Without ornaments, with-
out embellishments.
S4nza replica, It. (jJw-tsa nf-ple-ka). Without Se place, //. (sa pe-a-che). If you please. Sep-chord. Chord of the seventh. Septet. Septett, Ger. (sep-tet). ) Septieme, Fr. (set-i-^). )
A
repetition.
composition for seven voices or instruments.
Septime, Ger. (sep-A?-me). Septimen akkord, Ger. (jv^-ti-men ak-kord).
Chord of the
seventh.
Septimole, Ger.
(sep-ti-mo-lz).
)
g
Jet
Septole.
Septuor, Fr.
Septet.
(j<^-tii-6r).
A
group of seven notes of equal time-value to be performed in the time of four or six of the same
Septuplet.
kind in the regular rhythm.
Sequence. The repetition, more than twice in succession, of a motive or group, the repetitions occurring in ascending or descending motion, and by equal intervals. Seraphine, (j/r-a-fen). A species of harmonium. Serbano, It. (ser-&?-n5). The serpent, a bass wind instrument.
Serena
It.
.
Sere'no,
An
(se-rJ-na).
Seria,
It.
(^-re-a).
)
Serio,
It. (j^-re-6).
)
evening song.
Calm, serene.
It. (se-r-no).
Serious
Serieusement, Fr. (sa-ri-wj-man^). Seriously. In a grave, serious style. Seri6so, It. (sa-re--zo) .
Serpeggiando,
//.
(ser-ped-je-o-do).
Gently winding,
slid-
ing, creeping. 6,
old ;
o,
odd ;
6,
done
;
oo,
moon ;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
86
A
Serpent. SSsta,
bass \rind instrument.
A
//. (ser ra-ta).
Serrata,
concluding performance.
//. (J<w-ta).
Se"sto, It. (sds-to).
Sestet,
)
/
Sestetto,
//.
)
(ses-M/-to).
Sestina,
It.
Sestole,
//. (ses-^-le).
A
(ses-^-na). 1
sextuplet.
^
A
Sestolet,
//. (ses-/J-let).
Settetto,
//.
S^ttima,
//. (jJ/-te-ma).
Interval of a seventh.
Seitimo,
It.
Seventh.
)
(set-/-to).
Septet.
(ja/-te-mo).
Setzart, Ger. (sets-art). Style of composition. Setzkunst, Ger. (j/fr-koonst). Art of composition.
Seul, Fr. (siil). o i E-iv Seule, Fr. (sul). /
An
Seventh.
>
Solo, alone.
f i
interval containing seven decrees.
Severam^nte, //. (se-ver-a-/waw-te). tempo and expression marks. Seve'rita,
Strict interpretation of
(j/jr-ta).
Severity, strictness. Sixth. Interval of a sixth.
(sex-te).
A
It. (se-z'J-re-ta).
Sexta, Lot.
A
sixth
part.
Sexte, Ger. Sextet,
sixth.
A
)
Sextett, Ger.
(sex-tet).
Sextole, Lot.
(sex-to-\e).
A
}
.
\
Sextolet,
composition for six voices o r instruments.
>
sextuplet.
(j
Sextuor, Fr. Sextuplet.
formed
Sextet.
(sex-tii-6r).
A
group of
six notes
of equal time-value persame kind in the
in the time of four of the
regular rhythm. i, ale ;
a,
add ;
i,
care ;
a,
arm
; e,
eve
; e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
>-
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
87
S&rtus, Lat. (j/jr-tus). A sixth part. Sfogato, //. (sfo-^a-to). Light, airy. A direction in vocal music meaning that the passage thus marked must be rendered in a light and airy manner. //. Forced, with energy. (s/ar-tsa).
Sf6rza,
The
"I
abbreviations of these
terms are commonly applied to a single tone or //.
Sforzando,
(sf5r-/ja-do). sfor-/ja-to
It.
SforzitO,
chord, and
>
denote that
.
marked
are
be performed with
spe-
the notes so to
cial stress.
J
Sforzare la v6cc,
It. (sfor-tsa-re la
To
z/J-che).
sing with
emphasis. It.
SfuggitO,
Shake.
Avoided, shunned.
(sfoody'Mo).
Trill.
The sign Jf. The sharp when placed before a ncte or on a degree of the staff raises its pitch one half-
Sharp.
tone.
Si,
//.
It,
(se).
Name Si leva
il
one.
of the note sordino,
Seventh degree of the diatonic in France and Italy.
scale.
B
//. (se
/J-va el sor-a7-no).
Take
off the
mute.
Si levano
i
sordini,
//. (se
le-m-no e
Take
sor-a'r-no).
off
the mutes.
Si Si Si Si
piace,
//.
replica,
s^gue, tice,
//.
It.
(se
so.
Be silent Turn over.
//.
(se w/-ta).
Sibilate,
It.
(j^-be-Az-te.)
old ;
6,
pleasure.
odd ;
6,
Repeat. Proceed.
gue).
(se td-che).
Si v6lta,
6,
At
(se pe-oi-che).
//. (se r
done
;
oo,
To
sing with a hissing sound.
moon ;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
88
Siegesgesang, Ger. (^-ghes-ghe-jaw^/5). _.
f.
,
.
.
Siciliana,
)
f
,.
Siegeslied, Ger. (se-ghes-tect). Siegesmarsch, Ger. (j
Siciliano, 7*. (se-che.le-*no). Sicilienne, Fr. (se-se-le-**).
1
A
A
A
triumphal song.
triumphal march.
dance of the
P easants
L
'
Sicilian
A pastorale in
somewhat slow tempo and
J
I
or -^ time.
A
military trumpet player. The signs placed at the head of the staff at
Signalist.
Signature. the beginning of a composition, indicating the key and measure of the music which follows.
Signaturen, Ger.
Figures and signs used in
(sig-na-ta?-ren).
thorough-bass notation.
A
Sign, canceling. Signe, Fr.
(sen).
Silbendehnung, lable to
natural.
Sign. Ger. (jf/-ben--noongk).
more than one
Singing a
syl-
Slurring a syllable.
tone.
To whistle. Silbar, Sp. (j?/-bar). Of a silvery tone. Silbern, Ger. (j//-bern). Whistling, hissing.
Silboso, Sp. (j*/-b6-z6). Silence, Fr. (se-lan^s).
A
rest.
Dotted
Silences pointed, Fr. (se-lan^s pwan^-ta). Silenciosame'nte,
(se-len the-6-za-#z dn-i).
Sp.
rests.
Quietly,
softly.
Silentando,
It.
(se-len-Ai-do).
A
term denoting a slacken-
ing of the time. Sillnzio,
It.
(se-/Jw-tse-o).
Simicon, Ger. (sfm Simile,
It.
(se-me-le).
same manner
S implement, a,
ale
;
a,
i-kon).
A rest. A harp with
In like manner.
Continue
in the
as the preceding passage.
Fr. (j^^-ple-manA).
add ;
thirty-five strings.
a care
; a,
arm
; e,
Simply, unaffected. eve ;
e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Sin,
It.
89
Abbreviation of Sino.
(sen).
Sinf6nia, It. (senyfrne-a). A symphony. A name given to the overture of an Italian opera belonging to the earlier school.
Sinfonie, Ger. (sfn-fo-ne).
Singakademie,
Symphony.
Ger. (s?ng-ak-a.-dz-mt).
A
choral
singing
A
singing academy. Sing-art, Ger. (stog-art.). Style of singing. Singbar, Ger. (s?ng--ba.r). Singable. society.
Sing-bass, Ger.
Singend, Ger. Singe-tanz,
A
(s?ng-ba.ss).
Sing-chor, Ger. (sfng-kor). (sfng-end).
Ger.
vocal bass.
Choir. Cantabile.
Dances accompanied by
(j/w^-tants).
singing. vocal fugue. Sing-fuge, Ger. (sihg-foo-ghe). poem set to music. Sing-gedicht, Ger. (sfng-$&-d!kht).
A
A
Singhiozzando,
//.
(sen-ghe-ot-tai!-d6).
ing the breath. Sing-kunst, Ger. (sfag-koonst).
The
Sobbing, catch-
art of singing.
Sing-mahrchen, Ger. (sfng-mdr-\Mr\). A legend in song. Singmanieren, Ger. (sfng-mz-ne-r'n). Vocal embellishments. Singing master.
Sing-meister, Ger. (sfng-mts-ter).
Sing-schauspiel, Ger. (.rfw^-show-shpel). spersed with singing. Sing-schule, Ger.
(s(ng-shoo-\e).
Sing-spiel, Ger. (sfng-shpel). to the earlier form of the
A
drama
inter-
Singing school.
"A
A
title given sing-play." national opera. The
German
name
is used at the present time for any light opera or operetta with spoken interludes. vocal part. The Sing-stimme, Ger. (sfng-sAtfm-me). singing voice, the voice.
A
6,
old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo,
moon
; u,
lute ; u, but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
9O
Sing-stuck, Ger.
Air, melody. (sfng-shtiik). Sing-stunde, Ger. (sfng-sAtoon-de). Singing lesson. Sing-verein, Ger. (stng-ic-rm). Choral society.
Sing-weise, Ger.
It.
Sirenion,
As
(se-no).
Sino al fine, Si place, It.
style.
Left.
.
See Cinque-pace.
Sink-a-pace. Sino,
In a singing
(sfng-vi-se).
ft. (se-
Sinistra,
far as, to,
up
Ad
pe--che).
(se
An
(si-r-i-on).
harpsichord
till.
to,
To
It. (jv?-n6 al./2-ne).
the end.
libitum.
instrument of the piano and
class.
Si replica, It. (se ?v?-ple-ka). To be repeated. Si scriva, //. (se s&re-va). As written.
Si segue,
//.
As
(se sa-gue).
follows.
Staff. Siste'ma, It. (ses-#-ma). An old German guitar. Sister, Ger. (sis-ter).
Sistro,
It.
(ses-tro).
Sistrum, Lai.
A
triangle.
A
(jr-trum).
rattle
used by the ancient
Its common Greeks, and Romans. Egyptians, form was that of a handle surmounted by a loop of metal having cross-bars on which rings were sometimes
the
placed.
Si
tcice, It. (se ta'-che).
Sitz, Ger.
Si v61ga,
(sitz).
Be
silent.
Place, situation.
It. (se
Sixieme, Fr.
(sez-i-dm).
)
) Sixte, Fr. (sekst). Sixte ajout^e, Fr. (sekst z-zhoo-ta.). Added sixth. Sixth. An interval containing six degrees.
Skizze, Ger. a, ale ; a,
(jvWfr-tse).
add ;
a,
care ;
Sketch. a,
arm ;
e,
eve
;
e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
I,
ill
;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Skizzen, Ger. //.
(j/a-sho).
)
Slanzio,
It.
(slan-tse-o).
>
It.
Slargando.
Sketches.
(s&tts-tsen).
Slancio,
91
Impetuosity.
Sometimes written
" islancio." )
(slar-^vzw-do).
\
Growing slow.
Slargandosi, //. (slar-gan-^iJ-ze). ) S lent and 0, It. (slen-Ai'-d5). Slargando.
Slurred. Slissato, It. (sles-za-to). The sign Slur. which, when placed over or under two or more notes, indicates that the passage is to be
^""^
performed legato. Smaniante. It. (sma-ne-a-te).
_
^
In an impetuous, passion-
/ > Smaniato, //. (sma-ne-a-to). ' \ ) SmaniOso, //. (sma-ne-o-zo). Sminu^ndo, //. (sme-noo-Jw-do). Sminuito, It. (sme-noo-if-to).
Smore'ndo,
It.
Smorfi6so,
//. (smor-fe-J-zo).
Soave,
Soavem^nte, Sogg^tto,
It.
Diminishing and decreas-
)
ing in speed and force.
Affected expression.
Dying away.
(sm5r-tai-do).
//. (so-a-ve).
)
Dying away.
(smo-r3n-do).
It.
Smorzando,
ate style.
Soft, sweet, suave.
(so-a-ve-zfw-te).
Suavely. Subject, theme.
It. (sod-jat-to).
Sognando, It. (son-ydn-do). Sob. Term given to the
In a dreamy
style.
syllable sol in the
Tonic
sol-fa
system. musical evening. Soiree musicale, Fr. (swa-ia. mii-ze-^<Jf/). Name of the note in France, also the fifth note of Sol.
A
G
the diatonic scale. S61a,
Alone.
It. (jJ-la).
Solemnis, Lat. Sole"nne,
It.
Solemn.
(so-///-nis).
(so-/
Solennelle, Fr. (so-//-nel). 6,
old j
8,
odd i
6,
Solemn, splendid, pompous.
5
done ; oo, moon
; \\,lute ; \\,but ;
ii,
(French)
_
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
Q2
It.
Solenneme'nte, Solennita,
Scale. Solfa, It. (w/-fa). To sing solfeggi. Sol-fa.
do,
re,
A
Solemnity. conductor's baton.
Solmisation and
It.
Solfe"ggio,
Soli,
syllables,
It.
(sol^/Srf-je-o).
The
It. (jJ-le-to).
Solmisation. intervals
To
A
sol-fa.
vocal
exercise
on one
vowel, the syllables of solmisation, or words.
(soly^-je).
It. (so-\).
Solito,
its
mi, etc.
Solfeggiare, It. (sol-fad-je-a-re). \ Solffcge, Fr. (&o\-fazh). Solfeggi,
Solemnly.
(so-t/n-ne-mdn-ie).
It. (so-len-ne-td).
)
parts for solo performers.
Usual, accustomed. A system of teaching scales and
Sol-fa-ing.
by the
syllables, do, re, mi, etc.
Alone. Music for a single instrument or Solo, It. (so-lo). voice with or without accompaniment. solo singer. Solosanger, Ger. (so-lo-sdng--er).
A A
Solospieler, Ger. (so-\o-shpe-\zr). Solostimme, Ger. (so-\o-shffm-m.e).
solo player. solo part or voice.
A
A
term used in vocal music to Sombrer, Fr. (j^w-bra). indicate a sombre, veiled, but intense expression.
Somma,
It.
(som-ma).
Highest, greatest, supreme, utmost,
extreme.
Sommerlied, summer.
Ger.
(som-mer-led)
.
A
song in praise of
Son, Fr. (son^). Tone, sound. Son harmonique, Fr. (son^ har-wo-nek).
Son
plein, Fr. (sonA plan^).
A
round,
Harmonic
tone.
full tone.
//. (so-a-be-le). Sounding, resonant. Sonante, It. (so-a-te). Sonorous, resonant, resounding. Sonare, It. (so-wa-re). To sound, to play. Sonare dlla m^nte, It. (s5-a-re a/-la mdn-i). To improvise.
Sonabile,
a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care ;
a,
arm
;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS An
Sonata.
93
extended instrumental composition, usually of
three or four movements.
A
Sonata da camera,
It. (so-a-ta da /W-me-ra). designed for the chamber or parlor.
Sonata da
chie'sa, It. (so-a-ta
da
ke-<J-za).
A
sonata
church
so-
nata, an organ sonata.
A sonata. A performer on any instrument.
Senate, Fr. (so-naf) and Ger. (so-wa-te). Sonat6re,
SoneVole,
S6no,
It.
It.
(so-na-^J-re).
//.
See Sonabile. (s6--vo-le). Tone, sound.
(jJ-no).
Sonorame'nte,
It.
(so-no-ra-wd/z-te).
Sonorously, resound-
ingly.
Son6re,
It.
Sonorous.
(so-0-re).
Sonus, Lat.
Tone, sound.
(jJ-nus).
It. (jJ-pra). Above, over, higher upon, on. S6pra dominante, It. (w-pra do-me-a-te). Dominant. Sopra t6nica, It. (so-pr'a. /^-ne-ka). Super tonic. S6pra lina c6rde, /A (jJ-pra ^^-na ^^r-de). On one string. Sopran, Ger. (so-prdri). Soprano.
S6pra,
;
Sopran-schliissel, Ger. (s,opran-skluf-s?\). Treble clef. Sopran-stimme, Ger. (so-pran-shtfm-me). Soprano voice
or part.
Soprano,
man Soprano
S6rda,
It. (so-pra-no). voice.
clef.
//.
(sor-da).
Sordam6nte, Oi
old ;
8,
The C
odd ;
It.
6,
clef
The
highest division of the hu^
on the
first line.
Dull, muffled.
(s6r-da-/dw-te).
done ; oo, moon
; u,
With a lute
; u,
[tone. muffled, veiled
but ;
u,
{French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
94
Sordino, It. (sor-a^-no). A mute. Beethoven used the terms con sordini and senza sordini to denote when and when not to use the soft pedal of the piano.
SoidO,
Muted.
//. (sor-do).
A
mute for the trumpet. Cautious, careful. Sorgfaltig, Ger. (jw-^-fal-tigh). closing voluntary for the organ. Sortie, Fr. (sor-te). See sortie. Also the first number Sortita, It. (sor-#-ta). Sordun, Ger. (jw--doon).
A
sung by a leading character in an opera. Sospensivame'nte,
//.
(sos-pen-se-va-*w-te).
Irresolutely,
doubtfully.
Sospirando, Sospirante, Sospire"vole,
Sospir6so,
It. //. //.
It.
Sostenendo,
(s5s-pe-ra-do).
(sos-pe-ra-vo-le).
Sosten^nte,
It.
(s6s-te-^-te).
Sostenuto,
It.
(sos-te-<7-t6).
mark S6tto,
it is
Sighing deeply. Mourn-
|
ful, plaintive.
>
(sos-t-J-d6).
vo-
cal effect.
(sos-pe-rJ-zo).
ft.
A
Sighing, sobbing.
)
)
(s6s-pe-ra-te).
(
See sostenuto
.
(
Sustained.
As
a tempo
about the same as andante.
Under, below.
It. (sot-to).
S6tto domininte,
It.
(sot-\.o
d5-me-w
The subdomi-
nant.
S6ttov6ce,
It. (sot-to
Soubasse, Fr.
vo-che).
(soo-b'&s).
Soupir, Fr. (jw-per).
A
In an undertone.
Sub-bass.
quarter
rest.
In a subdued manner.
Sourdement, Fr. (soord-m&nK).
Sourdine, Fr. (soor-den). A mute. Sous, Fr. (soo). Below, under. Sous-chantre, Fr. (soo-sAdnAtr). cantor.
An
A
deputy precentor or
assistant choir-master.
Sous-dominante, Fr. (soo do-mi-ndn/it). a,
ale ; a,
add ;
i,
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
Sub-dominant.
end ;
I,
ice
;
I, *'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
95
Sous-me'diante, Fr. (soo-ma-dl-a^/). Sub-mediant. Sous-tonique, Fr. (soo-to-w^). Subtonic or leading note. Soutenir, Fr. (soo-te-w^r). To sustain a sound.
Spagnuola, Sparta, It.
//.
The
(span-yoo-^la).
(j/a>-ta).
Spartita,'
//.
Spartito,
//. (spar-fc-to).
(spar-te).
Spasshaft, Ger.
Spanish dance. guitar.
^
(spar-#-ta).
A
f
.
Sparte, Ger.
A
It. (span-y5-//-ta).
Spagnole'tta,
partitura.
^
Scherzando.
(sApass-ha.h).
SpezzatO, It. (spet-/ja-to). Divided. SpianAta, /A (spe-a-a-ta). )>
Smooth, even, tranqun.
Spianato,
//.
(spe-a-wa-to).
Spiccatamlnte, Spiccato,
//.
//.
)
(spek-ka-ta->rt-te).
(spek-yta-to).
A
Brilliantly.
variety of springing-bow in
violin-playing.
Spiel, Ger, (shpel). Play, performance. Spielart, Ger. (shpel-art). Style or system of playing. Spiel manieren, Ger. (shpel ma--r'n). Instrumental embellishments.
SpfritO,
It. (j/^-re-to).
Spiritosame'nte, Spirit6so,
It.
Spirit, life.
(spe-re-to-za-J-te).
\
With
energy anima-
and
It. (spe-re-/J-zo).
) tion. Spiritu6so, //. (spe-re-too-J-zo). Point of a bow. Spitze, Ger. (shpft-tee). Point. denoting the toe in organ-playing.
Spottlied, Gtr. (shp5t-led).
A
Also
satirical song.
Springing-bow. A kind of bowing used by violin-players in which the bow is allowed to drop on the string, its elasticity causing it to rebound after every tone. Spruchgesang, Ger. (shprookh-$&-siingh}. 6,
old ; o,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
;
An
u, lute ; u, but
anthem.
; ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
96
Sprung, Ger. (shproongh). A leap or skip. Sprung-weise, Ger. (shproongk-vi-se). By leaps or skips. Squilla, It. (s
Squillante,
It.
(squel-/d'-te).
Ringing, sounding, bell-like
in tone.
Sta,
As
It. (sta).
it
Stabat Mater, Lat.
stands.
A hymn on the cruci-
(j&s-bat *wa-ter).
fixion. //. (rfa-be-le).
Stabile,
Staccare,
Staccatissimo, Staccato, Staff.
Firm, steady.
It. (stak-^a-re).
It.
//. (stak-^a-to).
The
To make
staccato.
Very much detached.
(stak-ka-^j-se-mo).
Detached, separated.
five parallel horizontal lines
and
their four in-
tervening spaces used in musical notation. Staff-degree. degree on the staff.
A
Stambuzare,
It.
To
(stam-boo-taz-re).
beat the drum.
Root. Ger. (shtam). Stamm-akkord, Ger. (shtam-ak-kord).
Stamm,
A
chord in
its
fun-
damental position.
Stampita, It. (stam-/
ac-
Bar. Stanghe'tta, It. (stan-^-ta). Stark, Ger. (shtark). Loud, vigorous.
Starker, Ger. (shtar-ker). Stave. See Staff.
Louder.
Steg, Ger. (shtegh). Bridge. Stentando, It. (sten-^'w-do). Delaying, dragging, or retarding the tempo. Stentato, a, ale ; a,
It. (sten-to'-t5).
add ;
a, care ; a,
Delayed, retarded.
arm
; e,
eve
; e,
end ;
I,
ice
;
i,
/// ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS At times used instead
Step.
Sterbe-gesang,' Ger. (sAt/r-be ,
,.
.
Sterbe-hed, Ger.
,
.,
,
,.
of degree and tone. ghe-sane-Jt).
Funeral hymn.
A tone diminishing insensibly.
Extended, prolonged. A slow movement. (std-zo mo-id).
(std-zo).
Stso m6to, St6sso,
T
Morendo.
Sterbend, Ger. (sAt?r-bend). It.
\
f
,.
(sht?r-\>e-led).
Sterbe-ton, Ger.(sht^r-\>e-ton).
Stso,
97
It.
It.
Same
(ftds-so).
Stibacchiato,
It.
as steso.
(ste-bak-ke-a-to).
Relaxing, retarding the
time.
A
Stich, Ger. (shtikh). Stil, Ger. (shtil).
^
Stile,
It.
(j^-le).
(
Stilo,
It. (ste-\o).
)
Still, Ger. (shtil).
Style.
Calm,
Ger. (s/itfm-me).
Stimme,
Stimm
dot or point.
tranquil.
Voice, part.
Attack of a vocal
ansatz, Ger. (shtim a-sats).
tone.
Stimm Stimm
bander, Ger. (shtim &?-der).
Vocal chords.
bildung, Ger. (shtim bil-doongk).
Training of the
voice.
Stimm Stimm Stimm
A
part book. Leader in a chorus. fuhrer, Ger. (shtim fiihrer). fuhrung, Ger. (shtim /w/fc-roongk). Leading of the
buch, Ger. (shtim bookh).
parts.
Stimm mittel, Ger. (shtim mftt'l). Vocal powers. Stimm umfang, Ger. (shtim <ww-fangk). Compass
of the
voice.
Stimmungsbild, Ger.
(.fv&tf'iw-moongs-bfld).
A
short charac-
teristic piece.
Stingundo, ,
old ;
6,
It.
odd ;
6,
(sten-^wJw-do).
done ; oo, moon
Dying away. ; u, lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(french).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
98
StiracchiatO,
It.
(ste-rak-ke-a-to).
)
(
//. (ste-ra-to).
Stirdto,
//.
Stonante,
To
Stop.
Dragging, retarding.
Discordant, out of tune.
(sto-a-te).
change the pitch of an instrument.
Stopfen, Ger. (shtop-fen). To stop. Stopf tone, Ger. (shtopf /-ne). Stopped tones. St6rta,
A
It. (st5r-ta).
Stosszeichen, Ger.
serpent.
Staccato mark.
(sfitds-isi -k'n).
Straccicalando, It. (strat-che-ka-lan-do). Prattling, babbling. Strain. Melody, tune.
Strascicando,
It.
A
Strathspey.
(stra-she->
Dragging.
lively Scottish dance.
//. (stra-va-^aw-te). Fantastical, extravagant. Streichen, Ger. (sAtri-kh'n). To bow, as in violin-playing. To cut, as any portion of an opera.
Stravagante,
Strefch instrumente, Ger. (shtrikh m-stroo-w/w-te). Stringed instruments played with a bow.
Streich orchester, Ger. (shtrikh or-^/j-ter). String-orchestra. Streich quartett, Ger. (shtrikh kwar-tet). String-quartet. Streich trio, Ger. (strikh tre-6). String-trio.
Streng, Ger. (shtreng). Str^pito,
Severe,
strict.
Noise.
//. (j*r-pe-to).
Strepitosam6nte, /j?.(stra-pe-to-za-w^-te). It.
Strepit6so,
Strata,
It.
(j/r/W-ta). > /
Streite, Fr. (stret).
StrStto,
It.
Strid6nte,
(strdl-\.o). //.
playing Stridevole,
String^ndo, a, ale ; a,
A
\ .
the
add ;
same
Harsh, noisy. as martellato.
(stren-^aw-do). a,
tare ;
A
division of a figure.
It. (stre-de-z/J-le). It.
In a boisterous;
impetuous style. closing
passage taken in faster tempo.
\ )
(stre-
it is
)
)
(stra-pe-^zo).
a,
arm
In pianoforte
Sharp, shrill, acute. Accelerando. ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
Strisciando,
OF MUSICAL TERMS
99
Smooth,
legato, gliding;
It.
(stre-she-a-do).
glissando. //.
Strombazzata,
(strom-bat-tei'-ta).
It.
Strombettata,
>
The sound
of
a
trumpet. Instrumented.
(strom-bet-Ja-ta).
\
Stromentato, It. (stro-men-/a-t6). Strom^nto, It. (stro mdn-\.o). Instrument. Stuck, Ger.
A
(shtiik).
Stufe, Ger. (sAtoo-fe).
piece.
Step, degree.
Sturmisch, Ger. (shtiirm-\sh). Passionate, impetuous. Su, It. (soo). On, upon; near, by. Suave, //. (swa-ve). See Soave.
Sub, Lat. (sub). Under. Subdominant. The under-dominant.
The
fourth degree
of the diatonic scale.
Subitame'nte,'
It.
.
.
Subito,
It.
,
(soo-be-ta-wJ-te). ' _
.
)
t
.
Quickly, suddenly.
(jw-be-to).
Submediant. The sixth degree of the diatonic Subsemitone. The sub-tonic, or leading tone.
The
Subtonic.
scale.
leading note.
Muffled, damped. Suffocato, It. (soof-fo-&z-t6). Suivez, Fr. (swe-va). Same as Colla parte. Follow, continue,
Sujet, Fr.
Sul,
//.
go on
It.
simile.
On
(sool).
Sul ponticello, Sulla,
;
(sii-zha).
It.
(sool-\i).
Subject. the.
(sool p6n-te-
Near the
bridge.
Sul.
Sulla c6rda, It. (sool-Va. k8r-$a.). On the string. [board. Sulla tasti6ra, //. (sool-Va. tas-te-
Suo
It.
loco,
(sool-M). It.
Suonantina, 6,
Sul.
(soo-6 /J-ko). //.
odd ;
6,
Its
accustomed
place.
(swo-nan-^-na).
A
done ; oo,moon;
\i,lute ; \i,out;
short, easy sonata. ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
100
Suonare, It. (swo-#-re). Same as sonare. Super, Lat. (j-per). Over, above.
Superdominant. The sixth degree of the diatonic scale. Sometimes used instead of augmented.
Superfluous.
Supertonic. The second degree of the diatonic Super-tonique, Fr. (su-per-A?-nek). Supertonic. It.
SupplicheVole.
(soop-ple-&?-vo-le). '
o 1- t. i Supphchevolmente, i
._
j.
It.
-\ .
,
T
In
/
(soop-ple-ka-vol-
scale.
a
pleading
>
manner.
\
mdn-te).
Sur, Fr.
On, over, upon.
(siir).
Sur une
See Sopra una corda. corde, Fr. (siir line kord). Sus-dominante, Fr. (su-do-mi-ndnAt). Superdominant. Suss, Ger.
(siiss).
Sweetly.
Sus-tonique, Fr. (su-td-
Supertonic.
Susurrando,
It.
(soo-soor-raw-do).
)
Susurrante,
It.
(soo-soor-raw-te).
J
Svegliato, Svelte,
Light, agile.
(svdl-io).
A
-=
crescendo
Syllabic melody.
Syllable-name.
pering tone.
Brisk, lively, animated.
//. (sval-ye-a-to).
It.
Swell.
In a murmurous, whis-
1,
or crescendo and diminuendo
One syllable to each tone of The syllables do, re, mi, etc.
Relating to a symphony. constructed similar to a symphony.
Symphonic.
Symphony.
A
Any
the melody.
composition
sonata for orchestra.
Syncopate. To change or omit the accent of a tone or chord occurring on a strong beat by tieing it over from the former
weak
beat
;
to interrupt the
rhythm to give
a strong accent on a weak beat. Syncopated. A tone or chord deprived of cent. a, ale ; a,
;
its
natural ac-
See Syncopate,
add ;
a,
care
;
a,
arm
; e,
eve
; e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
T,
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS The
Syncopation.
tieing of
IOI
a weak beat to the succeed-
ing strong beat, and thus changing the natural accent the temporary establishment of a false rhythm; an in;
terruption of the natural rhythm.
Synkope, Ger. (sin-/-pe). Syncopation. System. The several staves belonging to a score. Systeme, Fr. (sis-tfm). Compass of an instrument.
The
complete range of musical tones. " Is
"1
Tace,
Tdcet, Lat. Taci,
(/a-set).
^
the term
J
term
is
or instru-
vocal
number or movement
It. (Ai'-che).
Taille, Fr.
A
silent."
mental part so marked is silent through a portion or all of the
//. (&*-che).
(td-uh).
Tenor
used only
in
is
in
which
used.
In a vocal sense the
voice.
church music.
The
tenor violin
(Viola).
Takt, Ger.
Takt
(takt).
Ger.
accent,
mary
Time, a measure, a beat. Measure accent, (takt ak-tsent).
pri-
accent.
Measure, time, rhythm. (takt-zrt). Takterstickung, Ger. (ta-ter-sfttf&-oongk). Syncopation; the omission of measures by the overlapping of two
Taktart, Ger.
periods or phrases.
Taktfach, Ger. Taktfest, Ger.
A
(Az/frl-fakh).
space.
Steady in time.
(Afcfe-fest).
Measure
Taktglied,GVr. (&'&-gled). Taktieren, Ger.
(Aj^-te-r'n)
.
To
Taktierstab, Ger.
(ta'/-ter-shtab).
Taktmassig, Ger.
(t&Jkt-md-sHg).
5,
old ;
8,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
note.
To keep
Takthalten, Ger. (&z/-hal-ten).
[time.
time.
Keeping
beat time.
A
baton.
In time. ; u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French].
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
102
Taktmesser, Ger. Takt-note, Ger.
(takt-mes-sfci).
A
(tdkt-no-te).
Takt-pause, Ger.
j^/a-ghen).
(ttikt
A
Takt-stock, Ger. (ta&t-shtok). Takt-teil, Ger.
Measure-rest.
(tdkt-pow-ze).
Takt-schlagen, Ger. Takt-strich, Ger.
Metronome. whole note.
A
(ta'/^-shtrikh).
A
(takt-\i\).
To
beat time.
baton. bar.
beat or count.
Time sigTaktvorzeichnung, Ger. (takt-for-^-noongk) ) nature. Taktzeichen, Ger. (takt-rz-kh'n). Tandelnd, Ger. (A?-delnd). In a bantering, toying style. Tantino, It. (tan-#-no). A little. Tanto, It. (tan-to). As much, so much. Too. Allegro non tanto, not too fast. Tanz, Ger. (tants). Dance. )
Dances.
Tanze, Ger.
(tan-tse).
Tarantella,
It. (tar-ran-&z/-la).
I
rapid
time.
A
pieces in i or I time,
Tardame'nte,
Tardando, Tarddto,
A
southern Italian dance in
given to modern instrumental
title
and
of very rapid tempo.
It. (tar-da-w
It.
(tar-^-d6).
)
It. (tar-^a-to).
Lingeringly, slowly.
gee Ritardando
.
)
Tardo, It. (tar-do). Lingering, slow. Tastatur, Ger. (ta'j-ta-toor). ) \ Keyboard. Tastatura, It. (tas-ta-^o-ra). ) Tasto, It. (tas-to). Key (mechanical). Touch. %
Tasto
s6!o,
so
It.
(tas-to jJ-16).
marked
either
A
direction to play the part
as written
or in octaves without
chords.
The beat of a drum at night calling the soldiers to their quarters. Te. For si in the tonic sol-fa system. Tattoo.
a, ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
i,
ice ;
I,
*'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS T6, Fr.
Cf.
(ta).
The tal
Techmc, Techmk.
103
(ttt-mk).
Ger. (tek-nik).
Technique,
skill in
vocal or instrumen-
performance apart from
the musical taste displayed the mechanical training of an ;
}
(tek-nek).
artist
obtained through tech-
nical studies.
Teddeo, It. (ted-otf-6). Te Deum. Tedesca, //. (te-
Tema,
It. (td-ma.}.
Theme.
Tempestosame'nte, It. (tem-pes-to-za-za-te). Impetuously. Tempest6so, It. (tem-pes-^-zo). Impassioned. T4mpo, It. (tSm-po). Time, measure, rate of speed, beat.
Tempo-mark. The word or phrase placed at the beginning of a movement indicating the general character and speed desired.
Tempo wie Temps,
Temps Temps Temps Temps
[before.
vorher, Ger. (tem-po ve/-rer).
Fr. (tanA.) Time, beat. faible, Fr. (tan/& fa-b'l). fort, Fr. (tan^ for).
Weak
The time
as
beat.
Strong beat.
frapp4, Fr. (tan^ frap-pa). The downbeat. The up beat. leve', Fr. ( tan^ le-va).
Tendre, Fr. (tan^dr).
Tender.
Tendrement, Fr. (tan^dr-man^). Tenderly. Tenebrae, Lat. (t/n-e-bra). Gloom, darkness. Ten^ndo, It. (te-m?-do). Holding. T^nera,
It.
(tdn-e-ia.).
Teneram^nte,
If.
^
(ten-e-ra-
Delicate ' tend
r'
soft
Tenerezza,
T^nero, o,
It.
old ; o, odd
;
o,
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
u,
(frencK)
f
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
IO4 Ten<5te,
It.
Hold.
(te-J-te).
Teneur, Fr.
The melody
(te-nur).
or canto fermo in a cho-
or hymn-tune. Tenir, Fr. (te-
Tenor.
Tenor C.
Tenor
The highest natural male voice. The lowest C in the tenor voice
clef.
The C
clef
;
placed on the fourth
small C.
line,
or
Ten6re,
Tenor.
It. (te-wJ-re).
Ten6re buffo, //. comic roles.
(te--re
A
boof-lo).
tenor
who
sings
Ten6re leggie"ro, It. (te--re led-je-J-ro). A light tenor. Ten6re robiisto, It. (te-J-re ro-boos-to). A powerful tenor. Tenor schlussel, Ger. (ten-or sAtus-s']). Tenor clef. Tenor-viole, Ger. (ten-
It.
(te-nii).
^
(tsi-noo-te).
>
(ta-^-to).
)
Held, sustained.
Tepidame'nte, It. (ta-pe-da-/w
In an even unimpas-
Ter, Lat. (ter). Thrice. A term denoting that a passage of instrumental music, verse, or part of one in a song is to be rendered three times.
Tercet, Fr.
Ternary. a, ale
; a,
(ter-sa).
Composed add ;
a care
A triplet. of three parts. ; a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Ternary measure. Tertia, Lat.
triple time.
Simple
Third
(tfr-shi-ii).
Tertia modi, Lat.
IO$
mo-de).
(t/r-shi-a.
Third degree of a
scale.
Terz, Gtr
(terts)
1
Terza, It. (tdr tsa). > Tetrachord. The interval of a perfect fourth. The scale progression of four tones comprising a perfect fourth.
An augmented
Tetratone.
Thema, Theme,
Ger. (fc?-ma). Fr. (tern).
Thesis, Third.
G/6. (tha-sis).
An
\
fourth.
eme
1
'
f
The down
beat, strong beat.
interval consisting of three degrees.
Example.
Augmented.
Major.
Minor.
Diminished.
Thorough-bass. A kind of musical short-hand in which the chords to be written or played with a given bass are indicated by figures placed over or under the given part.
Threnody. Tie.
A
A
A
dirge.
curved
song of lamentation.
line joining
two notes of the same
intended to be rendered as one note
pitch
equal in time
value to the two given notes. Low, grave, deep. Tief, Ger. (tef). Third. Tierce, Fr. (ters).
Tige, Fr.
(teg).
Stick of a
Timbre, Fr. (tan/4br). Timbro, //. (tern-bio). 6,
)
(
bow
;
drumstick.
,
Quality of tone.
J
old ; 8, odd ; 6, done ; oo,
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONAKY
106 Time.
Tempo
duration of notes, number and duration
;
of beats in a measure.
Time
The
signature.
sign placed after the clef and its flats, usually in the form of a
accompanying sharps or fraction.
The
following are the present time signatures. Alia Breve Every measure contains four beats, jjf. each represented by a half note or its equivalent.
f
Common
g
time
or
Four
jj.
beats, each repre-
sented by a quarter note or its equivalent. or %. The same time signature Alia Cappella jj* Alia
as
Every measure contains two by a half note or its Sometimes incorrectly called Alia
Breve.
beats, each represented
equivalent. Breve.
?
Two
g
Four eighth beats to each measure.
quarter beats to each measure.
Eight eighth beats to each measure.
Two
eighth beats to each measure.
6 Four sixteenth beats
/ts 1
^
Four
beats, each represented
note or
Q
Four
12 Four
7.
2 2 o
2 ^
a,
ale ; a,
Two
a,
by a dotted quarter
equivalent.
its
care
its
;
by a dotted eighth
equivalent.
beats, each represented
note or
add ;
its
by a dotted half
equivalent.
beats, each represented
note or
u
its
beats, each represented
note or
U
to each measure.
by a dotted whole
equivalent.
a,
arm
; e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Two Two
Two
?
equivalent.
its
by a dotted quarter
equivalent.
beats, each represented
note or
^i
its
beats, each represented
note or j^L
by a dotted half
beats, each represented
note or
its
107
by a dotted eighth
equivalent.
Eight beats, each represented by a dotted eighth note or its equivalent. or
3 Three note or
beats, each represented
its
by a whole
equivalent.
Three beats, each represented by a half note or its
equivalent.
?
Three beats, each represented by a quarter note
g
Three beats, each represented by an eighth note
or
its
or j^.
its
Three
equivalent.
equivalent.
note or
Three Three
its
equivalent.
beats, each represented
note or g*
its
beats,
beats,
by a dotted half
equivalent.
each
quarter note or
JQ Three
by a sixteenth
beats, each represented
its
each
eighth note or
its
represented
a
dotted
by a
dotted
by
equivalent.
represented equivalent.
5 Five beats, each represented by a quarter note or its equivalent. | Five beats, each represented by an eighth note or its equivalent.
o,
old ; 8, odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon
; \\.,lute ; u,
but ; u, (French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
IO8 Q E ^ &
Three beats; each beat has the value of rVi
five eighth notes.
i I
w
j
6*
I
i
;
each beat has the value of
five sixteenth notes.
J Seven or
beats, each represented
its
by a quarter note
equivalent.
Seven beats, each represented by an eighth note
|
$
Three beats
o
]
or
I
its
equivalent.
With
the foregoing table should be included the double time signatures which seem to be much used by the
modern Russian composers, H,
II, Jl, etc.
The double
time signature denotes that the movement is made up of measures in the two kinds of time indicated, without regard to the order in which the changes occur.
Timidame'nte, //. (te-me-da-z-te). Fearfully. Timide'zza con, //. (te-me-ddt-sa. con). In a timorous,
hesi-
tating style.
Timor6so, //. (te-mo-ro-zo). Fearful, timorous. Timorosame'nte, It. (te-mo-ro-za-wz^w-te). Timorously. TInto, con, //. (fen-to). Tirade, Fr. (te-rad).
A
Expressive. rapid run joining two melody
notes.
Tirata, It. (te-ra-ta). Tir6, Fr. (te-ra).
)
>
T
Down-bow.
Todesgesang. Ger. (/J-des-ghe-jawevJ). Todeshed, Ger. (to-fes-led). '
Todtenlied, Ger.
Ton, Ger.
(ton).
Ton abstand, a, ale ; a,
add ;
\
A
funeral song.
Funeral song or anthem. mode, key, octave-scale, pitch.
(tod-i'n-led).
A
tone,
Ger. (ton a^-shtand). a,
)
care ;
a,
arm;
e,
Interval.
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
109
Tonarten verwandschaft, Ger. (#-ar-t'n
fer-z/J-shaft).
Key-relationship. Ton-bildung, Ger. (ton-Wt-doongk).
Vocal culture; pro-
duction of tone.
Ton-dichter, Ger. (ton-dtkk-tzr).
Composer. Ton-dichtung, Ger. (ton-dt&A-toongk.). Composition. Cadence. Ton-fall, Ger. (A?-fall). Ton-farbe, Ger. (ton-far \). Ger.
Ton-folge,
Timbre, quality, tone-color.
(tdn-fol-ghe).
A
or succession of
series
tones.
Ton-fiihrung, Ger. (ton-Ju-roongk). Melodic progression. Ton-fuss, Ger. (ton-foos). A measure, a rhythm. Ton-gebung, Ger. (ton-gAd-boongk). Intonation, tone production.
Ton-geschlecht, Ger.
(ton-g\iz-shlekht).
Mode.
Ton-hohe, Ger. (/->W-he). Pitch. Ton-kunde, Ger. (#Jw-koonde). Science of music. Tonkunst, Ger. (A7#-koonst). Art of music, music. Ton-lage, Ger. (ton-ta-ghe)
Register, pitch. scale. Ton-leiter, Ger. (?-/f-ter). Ton malerei, Ger. (ton ma-\
A
music
;
tone-painting.
Ton-satz, Ger. (A?-satz).
Composition, composing Tonschluss, Ger. (ton-shloos). Cadence.
Ton-setzer, Ger.
(ton-set-tser)
.
Composer.
Ton-set zkunst, Ger. (Aw-j<#.r-koonst).
The
art of
composi-
tion.
Ton-sprache, Ger. (ton-shprdk-).
Tone-speech or language-
music.
A
piece of music, composi-
,odd; &,done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ; u, but ; u, (French).
Ton-stuck, Ger. (A?-shtiik). tion. 6,
old ;
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
IIO
Ton-stuf e, Ger.
(ton-shtoo-it)
Ton-system, Ger.
.
(ton-sfs-tem).
Degree of a scale. Tone system or theory of
musical tones.
Ton-unfang, Ger.
Compass.
(ton-oon-fa.ngk).
Ton-unterschied, Ger. (ton-oon-ter-shed).
Interval.
Ton-verziehung, Ger. (A?-fer-ri?-hoongk). Ton, Fr. (ton^). Tone, pitch, mode, key,
scale.
Ton
A
bouche, Fr. (ton^ boo-sha).
Tempo
rabato.
stopped tone, as in
horn-playing. d'6glise, Fr. (ton^ da-glez). entier, Fr. (ton> an/4-te-ar).
Church-mode. Ton Whole tone. Ton Ton majeur, Fr. (ton/* ma-zhur). Major key. Ton mineur, Fr. (too# mf-nur). Minor key. Ton ouvert, Fr. (tonfi oo-vdr). An open or natural
tone, as
on a horn or trumpet.
Ton
Fr.
relatif,
Related key.
(ton/4 rel-a-A?/").
Tonic.
"I
Tonica,
It. (tf-ne-ka). f-
Tonika, Ger. Tonique, Fr. Tonic chord.
(to-ne-ka).
Tonisch, Ger.
(ton-ish).
triad
having for
)
.
.
f
its
root the keynote.
Tonic.
T6no, It. (A?-n6). Key, tone. Tonos, Gk. (/J-nos). ,
of a scale.
J
(to-nek).
The
The keynote
A tone, .
a mode.
Tonus, Lot. (to-nus). Tostam^nte, It. (tos-ta-wJ-te). )
Tostfssimo, T6sto,
It.
It.
(tos-ter-se-mo).
(tos-to).
Trad61ce,
It.
TradoltO,
It. (tra-ddt-to).
ale ; a,
(tra-<jW/-che).
add ;
a,
rapidity.
Rapid.
Toujours, Fr. (too-zhoor).
a.
Quick and bold.
With great
care ;
Same Very
as sempre.
soft, sweet.
Transposed, arranged.
a, arm ;
e,
eve
; e,
end ;
T,
ice
;
I,
/'//;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
1 1 1
Ger. (tra-g'n der s%t?m-me). Carry the part or voice equivalent to Portamento. Traine , Fr. (tra-na). Bound, slurred. Trait, Fr. (tra). A phrase, passage vocal or instrumental
Tragen der Stimme,
;
1
;
run.
Trait de chant, Fr. (tra dun shan//). Melodic phrase. A chord passTrait d' harmonic, Fr. (tra d 'dr mo-ne). age. Traite", Fr. (tra-Af).
Trallern, Ger.
Treatise.
To
(trdt-lern).
Tranquillame'nte,
It.
Tranquille, Fr. (tran-keye). Tranquille'zza,
Tranquillo,
It.
//.
Tranquillita,
trill.
(tran-quel-la-wzJ-te).
Tranquilly.
Tranquil.
(tran-quel-/
(
I
(tran-quel-#-ta).
//.
(tran-^/-lo). Tranquil. Transcrit, Fr. (trans-kre). Transcribed.
The adaptation or arrangement
Transcription.
of a com-
position for some voice or instrument for which not intended.
it
was
To transpose. the pitch of a composition and
Transponiren, Ger. (trdns-po-ne-ren).
Transpose.
To change
thereby place
it
in
another key.
Trascinando, //. (tra-she-a-do). Transportato, It. (trans-por-^a-to).
See Strascinando.
Transposed. Retarding the tempo. Trauermarsch, Ger. (/r/-er-marsh). A funeral march. TrattenutO,
It.
(trat-te-<w-t6).
Traurig, Ger. (trow-r\g}. Tre, It. (tra). Three.
Melancholy, sad.
It. (tra Jkor-de). A term used in Three-strings. pianoforte music denoting that the soft pedal is not to be continued.
Tre c6rde,
5,
old
6,
odd ;
6,
done
;
oo,
moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
112 Treble.
Soprano.
G
The
Treble-clef.
clef,
Treibend, Ger. (fri-bend). Hastening, urging
;
accelerando,
stringendo.
Tremando, It. (tra.-man-do). With a tremolo effect. Tremblant, Fr. (tran^-blan^). Tremulant. Tremblement, Fr. (tran^bl-man^). Tremolo, trill. Tremolando, It. (tra-m6-/-do). With a tremolo effect. Tremolo, It. (trd-mo-lo). A tone or tones rendered in such a way as to produce a quivering or fluttering effect. Tremol6so, //. (tra-mo-/J-z6). With a tremulous effect. Tremulieren, Ger. (tra-moo-/-ren). or
To
execute a tremolo
trilL
Tres, Fr. Triad.
(tra).
A
Very.
chord of three tones having a
root, third,
and
fifth.
Trias, Lat.
Triad.
(tre-Zs).
An
embellishment consisting of a given note rapidly alternating with its major or minor second.
Trill.
Trfllo,
ft. (tret-lo).
Trill.
Trinklied, Ger. (trfn&-\ed). Drinking-song. Trio. composition for three parts, voices, or instruments.
A
Triole, Ger. Triolet, Fr.
(tre-J-le). \
(tre-6-la).
Triomphale, Fr. Triomphant, Fr. Trionfale,
//.
.
J
(tre-5n^-fal).
(tre-on/a-le).
Triumphant.
Triumphal.
Trionfante, /A (tre-onySw-te). Tripla,
Triumphal.
(tre-orufc-fant).
It. (tre-p\a).
Triumphant
A triplet.
Triple-croche, Fr. (tre-p'1-kro-she). a, ale ; a, acid ; a, care ; a,
arm;
e,
A
eve
;
32d-note. e,
end ;
I,
ice ; \
V;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
I 1
3
A group of three notes of the same time value to be performed in the time of two of the same kind and
Triplet.
in the regular rhythm. Triste'zza, It. (tris-Af^-sa).
interval
augmented fourth, the of three whole tones.
Triib, Ger. (triib). ~ ... / w, Trubc, Ger. (triib-e).
A
//.
\
>
Sad, gloomy.
j
flourish of trumpets.
Tumultu6so, It. Tune. Melody,
Tu6no,
I
J
Too, too much.
//. (trop-vo).
Tucket.
^~
r~&~ \-(()
Three.
Trois, Fr. (trwa).
Tr6ppO,
Melancholy, sadness.
An
Tritone.
(too-mool-too-J-zo).
Agitated, impetuous.
air.
A
(two-no).
tone
;
a mode.
-ka).)
-ko. ) Turco, //. (toor-ko). Turn. The sign as. Written.
Played.
Tusch, Ger. (toosh). A flourish given by the wind-instruments of an orchestra to denote welcome or applause.
A flourish of trumpets accompanied by a drums, the flourish performed three times. Tutta,
It. (toot-la).
//. (toot-to). )
TiittO Arco,
Whole,
old ;
o,
odd ;
all.
.
//. (toot-to
Uber, Ger. (-ber). 6,
of
^
Tiitti, It. (tatf-te). >
TiittO,
roll
ar-ko).
Whole bow.
Over, above.
6, done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ; u, (French).
PRO NO UNCING DIG TIONA R Y
114
Modulation, transition. Ubergang, Ger. (ii-\&*-giingk} Uberleitung, Ger. (-ber-/z-toongk). Transitional passage. .
tibermassig, Ger. (u-ber-mds-sig). Augmented Ubung, Ger. (-boongk). Practice; exercise. Ubungen, GVr.(w-boon-ghen). Exercises.
Uguale,
It.
Ugualita,
Equal, even,
(oo-gwa-le).
It.
Ugualme'nte,
(oo-gwa-le-te'). It.
(intervals).
like.
Equality.
Evenly, alike.
(oo-gwal-z
Umfang, Ger. (<w0z-fangk). Compass. Umkehrung, Ger. (wwz-ka-roongk). Inversion. Umore, It. (00-mo-re). Humor. Un, Fr. (anA). ) Une, Fr. (iin). ) Un peu plus lent, Fr. (an/fc piih Un, It. (oon.) j Una, It. (00-na). > A, or an. Uno, It. (oo-no). ) '
Una
COrda,
It.
(oo-na.
kor-d).
music indicating that the
Una
v61ta, It. (w-na jw/-ta). Und, Ger. (oondt). And.
Undecuplet.
A
A
A
lanA).
plii
term used
soft pedal is to
little
slower.
in pianoforte
be used.
Once.
group of eleven notes of the same time-
value to be rendered in the time of six or eight of the same kind in the regular rhythm.
Under-song.
Burden,
Undulazione,
It.
refrain.
The
(oon-doo-la-tse-^-ne).
vibrato
effect
on bow-instruments. Unendlich, Ger. (oon-
(ww-g'a-rish).
Infinite.
Hungarian.
Ungeduldig, Ger. (oon-ghe-ab0/-dig)
Ungerade Takt, a, ale ; a,
add;
a,
.
Impatient.
Ger. (oon-ghe-ra-de takt).
care ;
a, arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
Triple time.
end ;
I,
ice ;
\,
ill;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Ger. (00-ghe"-shtoom).
Ungestum,
Ungleich, Ger. (oon-glikh).
I I
5
Impetuous, stormy.
Unequal.
Unharmonisch, Ger. (oon-har-/w^-nish). Inharmonic. Two or more tones of the same pitch. The term is sometimes used in place of the word prime. Unison passage. A term given to certain passages in vocal or instrumental compositions where several voices or instruments render the same part in unison or an octave and sometimes two or three octaves apart. Unison.
//.
Unitame'nte, It.
Unita,' -.
(oo-ne-ta-#z-te).
(w-ne-ta).
.,
It.
Unito,
Uno,
(w-ne-to).
It.
Univ6co,
)
\
.
)
(oo-ne-z'J-ko).
It. (oo-wo).
Unitedly, jointly.
.
Joined, united.
One.
One sound
or voice.
See Un.
uno, It. (oo-no a oo-no). One by one. peu, Fr. (a.nA puh). A little.
Uno a
Un
Unruhig, Ger. (oon-ra?-hig). Restless. Unter-dominant, Ger. (oon-ter-dom-i-nant}. Subdominant. Unter halbton, Ger. (ww-ter hdlb-ton). The leading note.
Dominant seventh. Unter-leitton, Ger. (w-ter-//?-ton). Unter-mediante, Ger. (oon-ter-md-de-dn-te). Submediant. Unter- stimme, Ger. (00n-ter-sAt?m-me). The note C. (oot).
Under
part.
Ut, Fr.
Ut, Lat.
Va,
Va
It.
Like, as, just as.
(ut).
Ut supra,
Lat.
(fit sii-pra.).
As
above.
Continue.
(va).
(va kre-sMn-do). Continue the crescendo. A term denoting that the (vat-che-/-d6) passage so marked is to be rendered in a vacillating,
crescendo,
Vacillando,
It.
It.
.
hesitating style. 5,
old ;
6,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ; u,
but ;
ii,
(French)
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
Il6 Vago,
It. (fa-go).
Dreamy, vague.
Valeur, Fr.
(va-liir).
Valor, Lat.
(z>a/-6r).
>
(va-/^re).
)
Val6re,
//.
It.
Variante,
\
Value (time-value).
and Fr.
(va-re-
A
(va-re-ant).
variant
See Ossia. ' VariatO, It. (va-re-a-t5). Vari6, Fr. (va-re-
Veemnte, Veloce,
It.
It.
Velocissimo,
_
f
Vaned.
>
Passionate, vehement.
(va-*w-te).
Swift, rapid.
(ve-/J-che).
Velocem^nte,
)
It. It.
(ve-/^che-wJ-te). (ve-l6-^
It. (ve-lo-che-tf).
)
Velocit^, Fr. (va-l5-se-/J).
J
Velocita,
Swiftly.
Very
swift.
fc
Veniisto,
It.
(vS-noos-to).
Elegant, graceful.
Veranderungen, Ger. (fe-rJ-de-roong-en). Variations. Verbindung, Ger. (fer-3f-doongk). Tying, binding com ;
bination.
Covered, concealed. (ier-dekf). Verddoppelt, Ger. (feW^-p'lt). Doubled.
Verdeckt, Ger.
Verdoppelung, Ger. (fer-a^-pel-loongk).
To
Vergellen, Ger. (ler-ghel-Yn). Vergniigt, Ger. (fer-gniigt). Verhallen, Ger. (fer-^a/-l'n).
Cheerful.
To
die away.
Verhallend, Ger. (fer-^aV-lend).
)
Verloschend, Ger. (fer-#-shend).
)
.
Diminished.
Vermindert, Ger. (fer-z/-dert).
Verschwindend, Ger.
Doubling. diminish gradually.
(f er-sAvin-dend)
.
Vanishing, dying
away. Versetzen, Ger. (fgr-j/f-tse'n). To transpose. Versetzung, Ger. (fer-j#-tsoongk). Transposition. a,
ale ; a,
add ;
a,
care;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
end ;
I,
ice ;
I,
ill
;
OF MUSICAL TERMS Verte, Lat. (v?r-\.).
Verve, fr. (varv).
Turn
Verwandt, Ger. (tewandt). Verwandte tonarten, Ger.
See
over.
Energy,
I 1
7
Volti.
spirit.
Related.
Related
(ier-vandt A5-ar-ten).
keys.
Verweilend, Ger. (fer-w-lend). Delaying, ritenuto. Ornamented. Verziert, Ger. (ier-tsert). Verzierung, Ger. (fer-^-roongk).
Ornament, grace, embel-
lishment.
Verzogerung, Ger. (fer-fr^-ghe-roongk). It. (\a.t-tsd-zo).
Vezz6so,
Retardation.
Elegant, graceful.
Vezzosamente, It. (vat-ts6-za-/wa-te). Gracefully. With a vibrating quality Vibrante, //. (ve-ra-te) )
Vibrate, Lat. (ve-ra-te).
of
tone.
5
Vibrato, //. (ve-6ra-to). A wavering effect produced by the voice also on bow-instruments. ;
Vide, Fr. (ved). Viel, Ger. Vier, Ger.
Open.
(fel).
Much,
(fer).
Four.
great.
Vierhandig, Ger. (Jer-Adn-dig). Vierklang, Ger. (y?r-klangk). Vif, Fr. (vef).
Lively, brisk.
Vigorosame'nte,
It.
It.
Vigor6so,
Villareccio,
(ve-g6-ro-za-zdw-te).
(ve-go-rJ-zo).
It.
With
energy, vigor.
Energetic, vigorous.
//. (vel-lar-r
Violentamente,
Four hands. Chord of the seventh.
Rural, rustic.
(ve-6-len-ta-wJw-te).
Impetuously, vio-
lently.
VioltetO,
Vista,
It.
It.
Vistame*nte, Visto, 6,
old ;
//.
6,
(ve-6-/
(^j-ta). It.
(ves-ta-?J-te).
(7/-to).
odd ;
6,
Violent.
Sight.
Animatedly.
Lively, animated.
done ; oo, moon
; u, lute ; u,
but ;
u,
(French}.
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
Il8
Vite, Fr. (vet).
Vivace,
Quick.
A
It. (ve-z/a'-che).
tempo mark denoting a degree
of speed equalling or exceeding allegro.
Vivacfssimo, //. (ve-va^^j-se-mo). Vive, Fr. (vev). See Vif. Vive"nte,
Vfvido,'
It.
//.
.
.
Animated,
(ve-vdn-te). )
(z^-ve-do). _>
//. (ve-vo).
Voce,
//. (vff-che).
lively.
c
Spirited, hvelv.
(
Vivo,
fast.
Very
Part, voice.
Voil6e, Fr. (vwa-\&). Veiled. VoLs, Fr. (vwa). Part, voice.
Vokal, Ger. Volante,
Vocal.
(/?-kal).
It.
Swift, light.
(v5-/a-te).
Volata, It. (vo-/a-ta). TTi4* /~ i - 7- t -\ Volate, Ger. (voVa-te).
f
J
Volatinc, /J?. (vo-la-tf-ne). ) Volkslied, Ger. (fdlks-\e&). Full. Voll, Ger. (foil). V61ta,
//.
V61ti,
A
(z/J/-ta).
time
volta, first
It. (zv/-te).
V61ti subito,
//.
Volubilme'nte,
Voluntary.
;
A short A h
trill or run. id series of notfis
Folk-song.
turn or
secondo
Turn
vocal
fi
time
volta,
(ending),
as prima
second time.
over.
(vo/-te j^^-be-to).
Turn over
at once.
//.
A
(vo-loo-bel-zJ-te). Fluently. title given to the various organ pieces used
to open a church service. Vom, Ger. (fom). From the.
Vorder satz, Ger. (for-der Vorgeiger, Ger.
Vorhalt, Ger. (/Sr-halt).
First subject or theme.
sats).
(for-^vfcf-ghe'r).
Leader,
first violin.
Suspension.
Vorhaltslosung, Ger. (/
add ;
i,
care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve ;
e,
Resolution of
end ;
i,
ice ;
i,
ill ;
OF MUSICAL TERMS
119
Before, previous. Vorher, Ger. (y?r-her). Proceeding, previous. Vorig, Ger. (for-lg). Voriges Zeitmass, Ger. (yjjr-ig's fstt-mass).
Tempo, primo.
Vorschlag, Ger. (Jor-sh\a.g). A general term for the various kinds of accented appoggiatura. Vorsetzzeichen, Ger.
(Jor-sets-ts?&'n).
Chromatic
sign.
Overture, prelude, introduction. Vorspiel, Ger. (tor-shpel). Vortrag, Ger. (for-iizg). Style, interpretation. Vox, Lat. (vox). Voice.
Voe, Fr. (vu). Sight. Vu6ta, //. (voo-0-ta). Vuoto,
It. (voo--t5).
Wankend, Ger. (van-kend). Hesitating, wavering. Warme, Ger. (vfir-me). Warmth (feeling). Webmuth, Ger. (vdb-mooi). Sadness, melancholy. Webmiithig, Ger. (vab-wzw-tig). Sad. Welch, Ger. (vikh). Tender, soft, minor. Weinend, Ger. (z7-nend). Weeping. Weit, Ger. (vlt). Broad. Weltliche lieder, Ger. (w?#-likh-e #-der). Secular songs.
Wenig, Ger. (va-mg). Wie, Ger. (ve). As.
Little.
Wie oben, Ger. (ve -ben). As. Wie vorher, Ger. (vy?r-her). As at first, as before. Wie aus der Feme, Ger. (ve ows dery?r-ne). As from
a
dis-
tance (echo).
Wieder, Ger. (ve-der). Again. Wiedergabe, Ger. (w-der-ga-be).
[tion.
Performance, interpreta-
Wiederholung, Ger. (^-der-^J-loongk). Repetition. Weiderzeichen, Ger. (vt-der-tst-kh'n). Repeat. 6, old ; 5,
odd ;
6,
done ; oo, moon ;
u, lute ;
ii,
but ;
ii,
(French).
PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
I2O
Wiegenlied, Ger. (w-gen-led).
made
Cradle-song.
The wind instruments of an orchestra. The orchestral wind instruments that
Wind-band. Wood-wind.
are
of wood, as the flute, oboe, clarinet, etc.
Wortklang, Ger. (zwV-klangh) Accent; tone. Wuchtig, Ger. (viikk-ilg). Weighty with strong emphasis Wunderlich, Ger. (zw-d'r-likh). Odd, capricious. .
;
Wiirde, Ger.
Wuthend,
(z/wr-de). Dignity. Ger. (z^V-end.) Frantic, furious.
Zart, Ger. (tsart). Delicate, tender. Zartlich, Ger. (tsdrt-likh). Tenderly. Zeffiroso, It. (tsef-fe-r^zo). Zeichen, Ger. (&f-kh'n).
Zephyr-like.
A
Zeit, Ger.
Also the same as
Time.
(tsit).
sign.
Zeitmass, Ger. (/j#-mass).
Tempo.
Zeitwerth, Ger.
Time-value.
Zel6so,
(/jz7-virt).
//.
Zelosame'nte,
(tsa-/-za-2d-te).
It. (tsa-/-z5).
Ziemlich,
It.
taktteil.
Enthusiastically. Enthusiastic, ardent.
Rather, somewhat.
(irw-Hkh).
Elegant, graceful, delicate. Zierlich, Ger. (^r-likh). Zigeunerartig, Ger. (tse-goyn-ar-tig). Gypsy-like.
Zinf6nia,
//.
Zingare'sca,
Zingare'sca,
A
(tsen^J-ne-a). //.
It.
It. (tset-^-no).
Zogernd, Ger.
Z6ppa, Zoppo,
(tsd
Gypsy song or dance.
)
_
f
Gypsy-like.
)
Tremulous, trembling.
Silence.
ghernd)
//. (tsdp--p'&). ' \ f ) //.
A, ale ; a,
*
(tsen-ga-rJj-ko).
Zitternd, Ger. (/^-tern'd). Zittino,
A
//. (tsen-ga-rdj-ka). i
Zingar^sco,
symphony.
(tsen ga-r
.
Retarding, lingering, hesitating
,
Halting; syncopated.
(tsop-vo).
add ; i care ;
a,
arm ;
e,
eve
; S,
end ;
I,
ice
;
I, /'//,*
OF MUSICAL TERMS
121
Ger. (tsoo--mend). Crescendo. Zuruckhalten, Ger. (tsoo-rw-Ao/-t'n). To retard. Zoriickhaltend, Ger. (tsoo-rfc-Ao/-tend). Ritardando.
Zunehmend,
Zuriickhaltung, Ger. (tsoo-rw>Ma/-toongk).
Retardation.
Zwei, Ger. (tsvi). Two. Zweihandig, Ger. (tof-han-dig). Two bands. Zweistimmig, Ger. (te'f-shtim-mlg). For two
parts,
or
voices.
Zwischen, Ger.
(fsvtsA-en).
Zwischenspiel, Ger.
Zwischen-stille, Ger. 6,
Intermediate, between. intermezzo.
(/jr/fr^-en-shpel). Interlude,
old ; 6, odd ; 6, done
(tsvfsfi-en-shttl-\). ; oo,
moon;
A
u, lute ; u,
pause.
but ;
ii,
(Frenth).
PRONUNCIATION OF THE NAMES OF THE CHIEF COMPOSERS
AND ARTISTS Auber
(Oh-bare').
Adam
(Ah'-dahm).
Boito (Boy-ee'-toe). Bargiel (Bahr'-geel). Biilow (Bee'low).
Bach
(Bahch).
Beethoven
(Bay'-toven). Bellini (Bellee'nee; final syllable short). Berlioz (Bair'-lee-oz).
Bizet (Bee'zay).
Brahms (Brahms broad ;
"
ah
Bruch (Brooch; hard "ch,"
").
guttural).
Calve (Kahl'-veh).
Chaminade (Shah'-mee-nahd). Cherubini (Kair-oo-bee'-nee;
Chopin (Sho'-pang). Clementi (Kleh-ment'-ee;
final short).
final syllable short).
Couperin (Koop'-er-rang).
Cramer (Krah'-mer). Cui (Koo'-ee).
Czerny
(Churn'-y).
D'Albert (Dahl'bear). Delibes (Day-leeb'). 123
PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES OF
124
De Reszke
(Deh-Resch'-keh). Diabelli (Dee-ah-bel'-lee). Donizetti (Doh-nee-tset'-tee).
Dvorak (Dvor-zhak). Faure (For). Flotow (Floh'-to). Franchetti (Frahn-ket'-tee
;
final short).
Frank (Frahnk). Franz (Frahnz). Fuchs (Fooks).
Gade (Gah'-deh). Glazounow (Glah-tsoo'-noff). Oluck (Gloock). Godard (Go'-dar).
Gounod
(Goo'-no).
Grieg (Greeg).
Guilmant (Geel'-mong). Halevy Handel
(Hah-lay'-vy).
Haydn
(High'-dn).
(Hand'-el).
Herold (Hair'-old).
Jensen (Yen'-sen). Kjerulf (Kcher'-oolf
;
guttural
" ch
Lachner (Lahch-ner guttural " ch Leoncavallo (Lay'-on-kah-vah'-lo). ;
Liszt (Least).
Loewe
(Lay'-ve).
").
").
CHIEF COMPOSERS AND ARTISTS
125
Mascagni (Mahs-cahn'-yee). Massenet (Mahs'-say-nay). Mattel (Mah-tay'-ee).
Mendelssohn (Mend'-l-sohn). Meyerbeer (My'-er-bare). Moscheles (Mosh'-eh-les).
Moszkowski Mozart
(Mosh-koffs'-kee).
(Mo'-tsart).
Napravnik (Nah-prahv'-nick). 1
Nicode (Nick'-oh-day). Offenbach (Of '-fen-bach
guttural
;
" ch
").
Ouseley (Ooze'-ley).
Paderewski
(Pah-der-eff'-skie).
Palestrina (Pah-les-tree'-na). Pergolesi (Pair-go-lay'-zy). Puccini (Poo-cheen'-ie).
Raff (Rahff).
Rameau
(Rah'-mo').
Reinecke (Rye'-neck-eh). Rheinberger (Rine'-bair-ger). Rossini (Ros-see'-nee).
Rubinstein (Roo'-bin-stine).
Saint-Saens rectly
;
Scharwenka Schytte
impossible to give quite cor-
(Sane-sahng)
last syllable
somewhat
nasal.
(Shar-venk'-er).
(Shee'-tay).
Scarlatti (Scahr-laht'-tee last short). Schubert (Shoo'-bairt the " t " very light). ;
;
Schumann
(Shoo'-mahnn).
Sgambati (Sgahm-bah'-tee
;
last short).
PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES
126
Tschaikowsky
(Tschy-koff'-skee).
Verdi (Vair'-dee).
Volkmann
(Folk'-mahnn).
Wagner (Vahg'-ner). Weber (Vay'-ber). Widor
(Vee'-dor).
ABBREVIATIONS A.
Alto.
Accel.
Accelerando.
.
Accelo.
)
Ace.
\
Accom.
>
Accomp.
)
Accres.
Accrescendo.
Accompaniment.
Adgo. or Ado.
Ad
Ad
lib.
Adagio.
libitum.
Affettuoso.
Affett.
Affrettando.
Affrett.
Ago. or Agito. Allo.
Agitato.
Allegro.
Allgtto. '
l 0tt ' All'ott.
i }
All' l'8va.
All. All'c All'ottava.
)
Al seg.
Al segno.
Andn o.
Andantino.
Andte.
Andante.
Animo.
Animato.
Arc.
Coll'arco, or Arcato.
Ard.
Ardito.
Arpo.
Arpeggio.
At.
A tern. A temp.
^ >
A
tempo.
'
127
1
ABB RE VIA TIONS
28
Aug. Augn. B.
)
Augmented,
}
By augmentation,
Basso, bass.
Bar.
Baritone.
Basso continue.
B. C.
Basso generale, or Bassus generalis.
B. G. Bl.
Blasinstrumente.
Br.
Bratschen. Brillante.
Brill.
C.
* time.
j.
Alia Breve time
;
also
Coll'arco.
C. a.
Cad.
Cadenza.
Cal.
Calando.
Calm.
Calmato.
Cant.
Canto.
Cantab.
Cantabile.
C. b.
Contrabasso.
C. B.
Col basso.
Cb. Contrabasse. Colla destra. C. D. 'Cello.
Violoncello.
Cemb.
Cembalo. Canto fermo.
C. F.
Ch.
Choir, choir-organ.
Chal.
Chalumean.
Chor.
Chorus.
C.
1.
Canto primo.
C. L.
Col legno
Clar.
Clarinet.
Clar.
Clarino.
Semi Breve or double
time.
ABB RE VIA TIONS Clarinetto.
Clartto.
Come.
Co.
Col
Col canto.
c.
Coll'ott.
)
Coll' ottava.
\
C. 8va.
)
Com. Comodo. Con espr. Con espressione. Cornet or Corno.
Cor.
Come
Co. So.
Cres.
)
.
Crescendo.
f
Cresc
'
Colla sinistra; also
C. S.
C to
.
sopra.
Colla parte.
C. P.
come
Concerto. Colla voce.
C. voc,
Dal segno.
Dal. S.
Da
D. C.
capo.
Decrescendo.
Decresc.
Delicamente.
Delic.
Dest.
Destra.
Diap.
Diapason, or Diapasons.
Dim.
Diminuendo, diminution.
Div.
Divisi.
Dol.
Dolce.
Dolcis.
Dolcissimo.
Dopp. Fed. Energ.
Doppio pedale.
Energicamente.
Espr., or Espress. Espressivo. Exp., or Ezpr. Orgue expressif. f . or for.
Fag.
Forte.
Fagotto.
sopra.
1
29
1
ABB RE VIA TIONS
30
Falset.
Falsetto.
Fortissimo.
ff . or fff .
Flauto.
Fl.
Flag.
Flageolet.
F
)
J
F.'org Forte piano. fp. Fz. or Forz. Forzando. Ged.
Gedampft. Great organ. \
G. 0.
G. Org.
)
Grand.
Grazioso.
Graz. Gt.
Grand orgue. Grandioso.
Great organ.
Hauptwerk (Great
Hauptw.
organ).
Haul.
Hautboy.
H. C.
Haute-contre (high tenor). Holzblas 3-
Hlzbl. or Hzbl. or H.
Hptw.
Hr. or Hrn. Incalz. Intro.
Inv.
K. F. Leg.
Legg. L. H. Lo.
W.
Hauptwerk.
Homer.
Incalzando. Introduction.
Inversion.
Kleuie Flote.
Legato.
Leggero, Leggiero. Left hand, linke hand.
Loco.
ABB RE VIA TIONS Lao.
Luogo. Lusingando.
Lusing.
Maest.
Maestoso.
Magg. Maggiore. Man. Manual. Mane. Mancando. Marc. M. D.
Marcato.
Men.
Meno. Metronome.
Mano
Met. Mez.
Mf
destra, or
main
droite,
Mezzo.
Mezzo forte. Mfz. Mezzo forzando. M. G. Main gauche. M. M. Maelzel's metronome. .
Mod., Modto. Moderate. Mor. Morendo.
Mp. Mezzo piano. M. S. Manuscript, Manosinistra. M. V. Mezza voce. Ob.
Oboe.
Obbl.
Obbligato.
Oberstimme. Oberw. or Obw. Oberwerk. Oh. Fed. Ohne Pedal. 0. M. Obermanual. Oberst.
Op.
Opp. Orch.
Org.
Opus. Oppure. Orchester, orchestra.
Organ.
Ott, Ova, 8a or 8va.
Ottava.
I
3
I
I
ABB RE VIA TIONS
32
W.
0.
Oberwerk.
Fed.
Pedal.
Perdendosi.
Perd.
pf
.
piu forte.
F. P. F.
|
Pianoforte.
}
Pfte. i.
)
Piang.
Piangendo.
Pianiss.
Pianissimo.
Pizzicato.
Pizz.
pmo., pp. | ppp-j PPPPPrin.
Pianissimo.
Principal.
Raddol.
Raddolcendo.
Rallentando.
Rail.
Recitative.
Recit.
rinfz.
ri., rfz., rinf.,
Rinforzando.
R. H.
Right hand, rechte hand.
Rilas.
Rilasciando.
Ripieno. Risoluto. Risol.
Rip.
Ritard.
Ritardando.
Rit., Riten.
Salicional.
Salic.
Scherz.
Seg.
Sem.
Ritenuto.
Scherzando.
Segue. or Semp.
Sempre.
Sforzanda Sf., sfz., sff. Sim. Simile. Sin. Sinf.
S. int.
Sinister.
Sinfonia.
Senza interruzione.
ABBRE VIA TIONS Slentando.
Slent.
Smorz.
Smorzando.
80S., Sost.
Sp.
Sostenuto.
Spitze.
Senza pedale.
S. P.
Spirituoso. Spir. S. S. or Sord. Senza sordini.
Senza tempo.
S. T. Stacc.
Staccato.
St. D. or St. Diap.
Stent.
String insruments. Streichinstrumente.
) ' )
String.
Sw. Sym.
Stringuendo.
Swell-organ.
Symphony. Tre corde.
T. C.
Temp.
Tempo Ten.
Tempo.
mpo
I.
primo.
Tenuto.
Timp.
_
T
Timpani.
T. P. Tr.
Stopped diapason.
Stentando.
Tempo
primo.
Trill,
Tratt.
trumpet. Trattenuto.
Trem. Tremolando, Tremulant Tromb, Trombe. Tromboni. Tromp. Trompete. T. S.
Tasto
U. C.
Una
Unis.
Unisono.
solo.
corda.
1
33
ABB RE VIA TIONS
34
1
Va.
Viola.
Var.
Variation.
Vc., Velio, VllO. Viol., VI.,
Vno.
Violoncello.
Violino.
Vivace.
Viv.
V. S. Volti Subito. Vv., Vin. Violini.
ABBREVIATIONS BY NUMBERS AND WORDS. A
Both instruments rendering the same part
2.
in unison.
First voice or instrument.
!<>
no.
Second voice or instrument.
jma jmo
Prfmo.
nda
n iza IVt*
Prima.
Seconda Corda. Terza Corda.
c.
C.
C. Quarta Corda.
4to.
Quartetto.
jfo-
Quintetto.
&to.
Sestetto.
jtto.
Septetto.
SIGNS. Dot.
. t
I
-r-
Staccato.
Staccatissimo.
Forte tenuto.
Mezzo
No
longer used as a sign of sforzato. Martellato.
Marcato.
staccato.
Written.
Portamento. Played.
ABBRE VIA TIONS Two
or
135
more dots placed above a note, in violin music, number of notes of equal time-value into which
indicates the
the given note
_^
^~_
legato.
Sign used in vocal music denoting that the notes under which the sign is placed are to be sung to
2
one
to be divided.
is
Mezzo
syllable.
/rs
>
Hold.
Repeat the chord or figure (Abbreviation). Written.
Written.
liO>||
Played.
time-value Breve, or Double note equal to two whole notes. ;
Written. (Abbreviation.)
Played.
(Abbreviation.)
1
ABB RE VIA TIONS
36
A
form of tremolo
in
which the lower note alternates with
the upper note as rapidly as possible, the tremolo having the time-value of one whole note.
The four the chord
notes at
(Abbreviation.)
--
(a)
are played in the
same manner
as
(b).
Commonly
Direct. called "
Continue the
whole
rest,"
figure.
which
is,
however,
rather misleading, inasmuch as the sign indicates one of
two
either the whole measure is silent, or a part of meanings, the measure equal in time- value to a whole note is silent.
(d)
(a)
The
"
whole whole measure
rest
"
at (a) (b) (c)
and
(d) indicates that the
is silent.
Example (e) is a quotation from the Missa Papae Marby Palestrina it is in Alia Breve time. The rest in the
celli first
;
measure has the time-value of a whole note.
ABB RE VIA TIONS
137
Written.
I The double
G
clef,
used in some choral works for the is to be sung an octave
tenor part it denotes that the part lower than written. ;
True
Pitch.
1 Written. (Abbreviation.)
Con 8va
bassa.
Played. <5j
Written.
^P
ABB RE VIA TIONS Written.
-X~
j-j
(Abbreviation.)
Played.
Broken chords beginning with the lowest note, the mainder follow in succsssion as rapidly as possible. ;
re-
The g and d in the second measure are played like a broken chord the b is held over from the first measure ;
(Pianoforte music). (b)
(a)
(d)
(c)
10 (a)
Two measures
measures
rest
;
rest
(d) ten
;
(b) four
measures
measures rest (c) seven or more, according to ;
rest,
the number given.
I Stopped notes for the horn.
ABB RE VIA TIONS
139
See Segno,
55'#'lfi' &' (a)
/w,
(a)
Inverted mordent
(b) 'Mv, (c)
, ;
(d),
(b)
tremu (e) /vw), (f) mordent (c) turn ;
;
(d),
(e),
(f), trill
second ending. Rinforzando. AV> Sforzato.
First ending
>
or
-=c 1
damper
;
or Fed.
|
Modern
signs
for
using the
(loud) pedal of the pianoforte.
2 Crescendo,
r
Decrescendo.
TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
IN
SONATAS. Anhang
(Ger.)
Coda.
Durchfuhrungssatz
(Abbr. Anh.)
Development. (Abbr. DS.) Hauptsatz (Ger.) Principal theme. (Abbr. HS.) Mittelsatz (Ger.) Middle theme. (Abbr. MS.) (Ger.)
Ruckgang (Ger.) Returning passage. (Abbr. Rg.) Schluss-satz (Ger.) Close (Cadence). (Abbr. Schls.) Seitensatz (Ger) Secondary theme. (Abbr. SS.) Uebergang
(Ger.) Transition.
(Abbr. Ug.)
Zwisschenatz (Ger) Intermediate theme.
(Abbr. Zws.)
A POCKET MUSIC VOLUME *
Waltzes of Johann Strauss With a Biographical Introduction by HBNRY T. FiNc,a Photogravure Portrait of the Author,
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" In view
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:
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