N6meth Katalin
Angolrj#i;*"
nyelvtan Rules& Practice
Enclllshffil#*x J I I I
Grammar M6sodik,javitott kiadds
da t!t
nw
c_iLi\
LEXIKAKI,ADO
Sz6kesfeh6rv|r,2006
Contents- Tartalom UNIT I UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5 UNIT 6 UNIT 7 UNIT B UNIT 9 L]NIT IO LINIT 11 UNIT 12 UNIT 13 L]NIT 14 UNIT T5 UNIT 16 UNIT 17 UNIT IB UNIT 19 UNIT 20 UNIT 2I
Simple Present(I do) Egvszeriijelen PrcsentContinuous (I am doing) Folyamatosjcler-r SimolePrcscntvcrsus Presint Continuous PastSimple (I did) Egvszeriimirlt PastContinuous (I was doing) Folyarnatosrnflt PrescntPerfect (I have done) Befejezettjelen PastSirnpleversus PresentPerfect PresentPerfectContinuous (I have been doing) Befelvezettfolyamatosjelen PastPerfect(I had done) Befejezettmrilt PastPerfectContinuous (I had been doing) Befejezettfolyamatos mrilt Future Simple (I will) Egyszerrijov6 Jov6 id6re vonadcoz6feltdteles(if,1 is id6hat'iroz6i melldkmondatok(when, after, before...) Future Continuous (I will be doing) Folyarnatosjov6 Furure Perfect (I will have done) Befejezettjov6 Future Perfect Continuous (I will have been doing) Befejezettfolyamtosjov6 Jov6 id6s szerkezetek to be going to do SirnplePresent,PresentContinuous versusSirnpleFrutureand to be going to IJsed to, would Val:rha To be to To be about to To be due to TensesMixed Igeid6k vegyeserl Modal Verbs M6dbeli segddigdk Part I (can, to be able to, could, was able to) Part 2 (could, could have) Part 3 (must, must have, can't, can't have) Prrrt4 (may, might, may/might have done, to be likely to, may/might as well) Part 5 (may, can, to be allowed to, let) Part 6 (must, have to, need, needn't have) PartT (should, should have, ought to, ought to have) Part B (should egydb haszn;ilata;subjunctive - kot6m6d)
l5
t9 1a ZJ
28 3I 36 4T 46 50 53 56 60 62 64 66
68 72 74 76 78 7B
8r 83 85 BB 90 93 96
TnnrRlov
LINIT 22 LINIT 23 UNIT 24 UNIT 25 LINIT 26 UNIT 27 LINIT 28 LINIT 29 UNIT 30 UNIT 3I UNIT 32 LINIT 33 LINIT 34 UNIT 35 LINIT 36 UNIT 37 TINIT 38 APPENDIX -
Part 9 (dare to, I daresay) Part l0 (could, can, would, will - 6haj, kiris, felaj:inlds) Had better Would rather It's time, It's high time Conditional Feltiteles m6d I wish B{rcsak PassiveVoice Szenved6 szerkezet Causative (have/get sth done, get sy to do, make sy do) Mriveltetis Reported / Indirect Speech Fiigg6 beszdd Infinitive (to) F6ndvi igeniv Gerund (-itg) F6ndvkdpzes Gerund (-ittg) versus Infinitive (to) Participle (-ing, -ed) Melldkndvi ds hatdroz6i igenevek Relative Clauses(who, which, that...) Jelz6i melldkmondatok PurposeClauses C€lhariroz6i mellikmondatok Inversion Forditott sz6rend Emphasis,Cleft Sentences(It is ... that' what ... all ...) Nvomatdkositds.kiemelis Embedded Questions Beigyazort kdrddsek Question Thgs ,lJgy"" kirdds Articles (the, a/an) N6ve16k
rUccnlnx
Grammar tests A,ngol nyelvtan pildamondatokban Irregular verb forms Answer key
99 101 I04 t07 lI5 llB t29 134
r45 154 L66 t75
183 195 200 208 ^ 1
/
LL+
2t7
22r 236 254 265 268
( l Td o ) S I M P LP ER E S E N I ELEN EGYSZENU I(EPZES: Egyessz{m harmadik szemdlybenaz ige -s ragot kap. Segddige: do, does. Helyesirds: I. Ha az ige vdg6n -o, -s, -ch, -sh vagy -x dll, akkor egyesszdm harmadik szemdlybenaz ige -es v€gz6d6stkap. go - gnes,catch - cntcltes,relax - relaxes,wash- washes d.o- d.oes, 2. Rendhagy6 alakok: hape- has,be- is Kiejtis: i. H" ", ige vdgdnlzl,ldzl, lsl,lshl,ltshlvagy /ks/ hangokatejtlink, akkor az ige vdg6rekeri.il6-es vtgz6dest lizl-nek ejtjirk. relax - relaxes,mis - misses az egyesszdmels6 szemdlini-s vdgz6ddst/s/-nek ejtjiik. tnhe- tahes 2 lk/, lpl, lrlh.angok :ur.6n 3. A fenti kdt esetenkiviil, a tobbi esetbenaz -s v4.gz6d6stlzl-nek ejtjiik. 4. AdneskiejtdseldLzl asayskiejt€se lsezl Allit,is: I vou we thev He sheit
work. works.
Th I ),ou we they He sheit
do not (don't) does not (doesn't)
Eldcintend6 kirdds: I vou we thev Do he she it Does tend6 kdrdds: Where I you we they do What How he she it does Who
AI an
work. work.
work? work?
rvork? work
withl
vonatkozd kdrdds:
Who lvorks here) Which student How many people work herel Wl-ratkind of people Who doesn't
work heref
don't
work hereI
Which student F{ow manv people What kind of people *Az cgvszcrfi hacitqzos4rk(always,oftcn, usualll, rarely = 1eldol' sometimes,occasionally jclcnid6vcllcggyakabbanhaszndlatos taueuc,h"rfiiigcliqig."G{eirgl*iyshaipy).Ilycnesctbenaldtigdttijvctiahatrirozdsz6'Ausuallyis .t..;riinaigJtOigc.tOttltit1"rt r"n&r.."i.ig"t krEgr6Etd.or6k (cviry diy,'cveryweek,oncea month,twicc a wcck,thrcctimcsa ycar . ,,ritr"ti,.,.,Jr.ou?6b,i!-gvdb a mondatclcjin dsa vdgdnis. dllhatr.rak ctc.)azonb:rn
pneseNr SrvpLe HASZNALAT: I. Ismitl6d6 cselekviseknil. Gyakori hatiroz6sz6k is hatdroz6k: always, usually, never, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, every day, every week, twice a month stb. Nyiror-r gyakran megyek kiilfoldre. I ojlengo abroad.in swm.rner 2. Ha valamir6l dltaldnossrigban beszdliink. A pincdrekdttermekbendolgoznak.
Waiterswork.in restauronrs.
3. Ha iircik igazsdgr6l beszdliink. A Fold a Nap koriil forog.
TheEarth goesrownd.the Sun.
4. Ha valamilyen cselekvdst kcizvetitiink, pl. TV-n, rddi6n. ... dsElesl6zsi bedobjaa labddt a kapuba-a-al .. . and ElesJrizsithrowsthe ballinto thegoal! 5. Ha valamilyen menetrendszrcrii dologr6l, vagy valamilyen m(lsor, program id6pontjrir6l beszeliink. a) A vonat 8-kor indul. b)Mikor kezd6dik a film ma este) Tbe nain leayesnt B o'chck. What titne doesthef.lrn begintonigbt? 6. Here is there utdn, ilyenkor azonban a sz,orendmegviiltozik. Itt jon Jack. DE! Itt jon 6. (Ha Here comes szemdlyes ndvmdst haszndlunk Here he cornes. Jach. a sz6rendvisszav{ltozik. )
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 'l
Make these sentences negative. Tegyetagado alakba a mondatokat! golo church everySundoy. 1. Mr Brown goes to church every SundayMrBrown doesn'l 2. The Prime Minister plays football in his fi'eetime . 3. Their cl-rildrenwatch Cartoon Network beforcgoing to bed. 4.My r-reighbours often give partiesin their flat. ........... 5. Jackand Jill alwaysplay hide and seekafter school 6. lack learnsEnglishat his placcof work. ............. 7. He usuallyasksstupid questions.
2 Make YeslNoguestions. irjon etdontendd kerdeseket! ploythepianoin aiozzhond? yoursister f My sister play'sthe piano rn a jazz band. Does 2. Tl-remembersof the band get home late. 3. They usuirlly have a cup of coffee before they go to work. 4. The singer has to eat two eggsbeforesinging. 5. The show startsat l0 o'clock............... 6. The starsmeet peoplefiom all over thc world.
eseg1szitseki a kerdeseket! el a v1laszokat 3 Readtheanswersand completethe quertions.Olvassa 1. Wheredoyouwork? I work for a tr:rvelagenq{ 2. What time . Davidf He gets home zrtabout 8 pm.
3. Who I go to school with rny sister.
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relrru EcYszrn0 4. How often . I meet them twice a week. .... home latel 5. Why until9.30. Sheila?Becauseshe works ... well at schooll 6. Do Yes,they do. My children never get any gradesworse than four. 7. Does Yes,he does.My son goes to London Studio. It's a very good languageschool' 4 Complete each sente nce with a present simple form using the words given. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a megadott szavakkal! Haszn1liaaz egyszert ielent! I. Wlrat doyoudofor a livingf you do .. getting uP earlY 2. Par . not like . . . . . . . .l a n g u a g east s c h o o l l 3. ..... you learn . . . . . .a f l a t o f h i s o w n l 4...... Peter have .... much money 5. She not earn ... too much time watching TV 6. We . not spend .... welll the doctor if You 7. Whv you not see / you not f€el ..... the flat with? 8. Who she share 5 put the verb into the correct form. Sometimesyou have to use the negative. Tegyeaz igdket megfelel6 atakba! Ndha a tagado alakot kell haszndlni. (you / like)?" 1. "Which cofi doyoulike 2. "Why it.
"The blue one."
tt
3. ,.Howmuch .. 4. ..When 5. .,Why married." 6. .,Wharsorrof music........ music." 7. "Mrs Nicolson,what time
"It ...(thisTV / cost)f" is about{I80.' "At 6.45." plane/ takeoff)f" ...........(your "Because sheis already ..(you/ marry)that beautifulgirll" ........(Fiona / listento))"
"Shelistensto classical
.... (yourlecture/ start)l"
"At 5 pm."
6 Ask questionsfor the numberedparts.Tegyenfet kirdeseketa megszdmozottrdszekre! Foreign worksintheDeportnentof f . (l)Tom works (2) in the Departmentof ForeignLanguages.(f ) WIro fomwork? does (2) Where Longuoges 2. ( I)I hategettingup early(2)attheweekend.
3. (l)when shegetshome from work (2)her husband(3)makesdinner.
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SrwpLrpnrsErur 4. ( 1)Sheilanevertalksabout (2)her privatelife.
5. Mv grandmotherlistensto (I)the radio (2)when sheis tired.
6. Peteralwaysbrings (l)presents(2)for l-risgirlfriend.
7. He goesto work (I)with hiscolleagues. ......
B. (1)The Brownseatout (2)oncea mondr.
9. His frier-rdspeaks(l)to hirn (2)twice a week
girls. 10. Torn alwaysgoesout (1)with (2)beautifi,rl
ki a you have to usethe negative).Egeszitse 7 Fillin the gap with one suitableword. (Sometimes mondatokategy-egyodail16szovala megadottakkoztil! Nehatagado alakot kellhaszn1lni! breed
like (2x)
serve
go round
set
shoot
eat
clean
5. F{unters 6. The earth . 7. Hatred B. Waiters
I. The sun sels in dre west ...... honey 2. Winr-rie-the-Pooh ..... chimneys 3. Chimneysweepers 4. Does . . ... cilts.
... animals. .. the sur. ... hatred. ...... peoplefood.
8 a) Read the text and complete fhe sentences below so that they will be true. Olvassael a szoveget ds egeszitse ki az 6llft6sokat ugy, hogy igazak legyenek! Mr Jonesgersup at 6 o'clock in the mornings. His work startsat 8.30 but he is alwayslate. Mr Joncs never has breakfast.He only drinks a cup of coffee,which he usually spills or-rhis suit and then changes clodtes. After that he makes four or five sandwichesfor l-rislunch. Although Mr lones has a nice red BMW he rarelygoesto work in his car,becausehe hatesspendingmoney on petrol. So Mr lones usually goesto work by bus. It generallyt'akeshim an hour to get to work. Sometimeshe doesn'tget offat the right stop, becausel-realwayssleepson the bus.Nobody likeshim at work, but it doesn'tmatter.He is the managerof the company and rvorkseight hours a day At lur-rchtimehe eatshis homemadesandwiches. He never has lunch in dre canteenbecausehe finds it too expensive.When he finisheshis work, Janet takeshirn home in her car.ShelivesnearMr lones. He usuallycookssomethingfor dinner and nevereats out. Mr Joneslovessavingmoney,that's why he is so rich. eorly(be / early) for work. 1. Mr Jonesisnever ....(havebreakfast)in the mornings. 2. He . ....(take)him an hour to get to work by bus. 3. It .. on the bus. .....(be)wide-awake 4. He. ......(like) the managerof dre comPany 5. The workers ..(use)his car very often. 6. He . . . ... ..(havelunch) in the canteen. 7 . He . ....(g") home by bus. B. He .
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teLrru Ecvszen0 b) took at the answersand makequestionswith the hetpof the text. Tegyenfel kerdeseketa v6laszok alapiitn a szovegsegitsdg1vel! getup? doeshe I. When At 6 o'clock. 2..... A nicered BMW a
By br,rs
+. Al hour. q
In his office. 6. Becausehe doesn'tlike spendingmoney on restaurants. 7. On petrol. 8. .... Flomemadcsandwiches.
9..... With Janet. Translatethe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Miel6tt elindulok a munkdba,beveszekkdt nyugtat6t. 2. Ott megy Jack,e zseni. 3. Itt jon a buszuul<. 4. Minden reggelhldcor tortrdszom. 5. 6 soh;rnem torndszik,dltal{banfutni megy 6. furna minden estemeleg vacsordvalvdrja a ferjdt. 7. I(i eszikszalonn'itreggeliref B. Tc mit szoktdlinni est6nkdntf 9. Miel6tt elindulsz otthonr6l, szoktdl reggeliznif 10. I(ivel i{rsz liszni) I l. I(ivel szokott beszdlgeuria ferjed) 12. Mivel tisztitod a birtoraidat) 13. Melrrryi pdr-rztkolt apuk.id azaut6jiraegy h6napban) 14. Szemlivegethordok, rnert rovidldt6 vagyok. 15. N,v'ir utir-rjor-raz 6sz. 16. Minden nydron elutazunka tengerhez.Mi is' 17. Osszelhullanak a falevelek' IB. Ott rnegyO. En sem' 19. Nem szeretema zsrifolt bevdsdrl6kozpontokat' 20. Az drtekezletddlutiin od
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pnrsrnr SrvpLr 1O Hereare the rulesof the simplepresenttense.Chooseone sentencefor eachrule from the exercresabove, then add your own sentence5at leasttwo. ltt l{thatja az egyszerfijelenid6 szabalyait.VAlasszon egy-egymondatot a fenti gyakorlatokbolmindegyikszabalyhoz,6s irion hozzltm6g tovdbbi kettSt! Regular actions
General actions
Eternal truth
14
Commentaries
Timetables, schedules
After here & there
(l S am doing) CT ONTINUOU PRESEN JELEN FOLYAMATOS KEPZES: to be * ige + -ing Helyesiri's: 1. A, -e-re v(gz6d6 igdkndl az -e leesik.write writing, srnile srniLing aldcor a sz6v€gi 2. Ha ^ rro {gyrru,^"gu et egy magdnhangz6raet 9SYmissalhangz6ra.vegz6dtk, ,rl,iss^lhongZSmegf,ett6z6alU.i;* - swim.wing,btt llitting, sit sitting , 3. Ha az ige lie-re v7.gz6dtl<,az -ie vegz6dds-y-ra v{ltozik. lie lying, d.ie d,ing
Youu,e thev He she it
am
workins
are
worlcins
workins.
IS
I(drdis:
fun
I
Are Is
vou we thev he she rt
workinql workine) workingl
AS
aln
I
You we they Hc sheit
are IS
not (I'm not) not (aren't) not (isn't)
workinq. working.
working.
HASZNALAT: hatdroz'ok: no\ /' at I. Ha a cselekvis a kijelentds id6pontjdban folyamatosan zajlik' Gyakori at the moment' just now. present, ^ Weare studytngEnglish now' ranulunk. angolul Mori elkezdttik, de mdg 2. Haa cselekvdsa kijelentds ideje kciriil zajlik. Ezt a cselekvdst mdr kordbban nem fejeztiik be. SteuenSpielbergis Tom cruise egy bdrbaniszogatnakis beszdlgetnek: T Cruise:Mit csindlszmost Steven? S. Spielberg: Egy irj dokumentumfilmen dolgozom'
What areyowdning, Stnen? lrnworhing on n nw dncumentarT.
val6szinrilegnem erre kivdncsi, Spielbergazt is v{laszolhattavolna, hogy kdvdt.iszik,de Tom Cruise kitolti az ilettinket, szintin ideig egy hiszen ezr 6 is l6rja. Azolyan esetekben6'h,it, amikor egy cselekvis 6ppen nem zajlik' ezr az igeid6t haszndljuk,'-dg "LLo. is, ha a cselekvdsiltltn pillanatban - cscikken, kifejezdsdre. A leggyakrabban haszn:ilt, viiltozdst krfeiezl igdk: decline 3.yiltoz6helyzet increase n6, improve - javul, hanyatlik, fall - esik, .roLL.r], rise - n6, emelkedik, decrease cscikken, egyrerosszabb,get late/dark - k6s6re fejl6dik (fejleszt),get better -'jawrl, egyrejobb, get worse romlik, - n6 (teimeszt), grow + mell6kniv - vi'ilik jrirls.tdtedik, get + melldkniv - v,ilili valamily"ennd,grow valirmilyennd(grow cold, grow old). The rate of anernployrnentisfallin'9. A rnunkandlkiilisdgmdrtdke csohken' 4. Atmeneti helyzet kifejezdsdre. Ezen rrhdten szorgalmasantanulok, mert le akarom tenni a v'u;sgit
I want to Iw xwdying hnrd.this weehbecnuse pilssthe exa.m.
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Pneserur coNTrNUous 5. A megszokott6l eltdr6 cselekvis kifejezesdre. Estdnkdntrendszerintrornd.szom,de ma inldbb a bardtaimmalkiirtviizom.
I wswallydn exncisa in the meningsbwttoday I arn playing cardswith rnyfriend.s.
6. El6re elrendezett, jov6beli cselekvis kifejezisdre. Holnap a f6nokommel vacsordzom. Ttrnoryowlrn having lwnch with my bos. (Err6l m'ir a fl6nokis nrd, s6t taldn mir az asztalfoglalds is megtortdnt.) 7. Abesz6l6 szemponrjib6l tfLlsdgosannegatiy vagy nagyon pozitiv rendszeresen bek
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Make questionsand negativesentences.Tegyea mondatokat kerd6 estagad6 alakbal 1. Kadry is watering dre flower beds in the garden. k Kothy wolering theflowerbeds in thegarden? Kothyisn'twotering theflowerheds in thegarden. 2.They're plirnning to go on holiday in winter. 3. Tom and ]erry are chasingthe bulldog 4. The rnanageris opening the new plant at the end of next week. 5. I'm looking for a job now 6. The number of refugeesis increasingdramatically
2 Askquestionsfor the numbered parts.Tegyenfel kerdeseketa szdmozottrdszekre! l. (1)Thebabysittcris lookingafter(2)thechildrentonigl-rt.(I) Whoislookingafterthechildren tonight? Q) Who isthebahysitter looking after? 2. (1)TheBeansarelookingforwardto (2)dreirhoneymoon 3. We areflying to (l)Rome (2)nextweek. 4. The neighbour'ssor-ris alwaystelling (l)rude srories(2)to my children. 5. At dre moment we are dealing (l)widr (2)the mosr urgent orders.
3 Match the sentenceswith the rules. VSlasszaki a mondathoz ill6 nyelvtani szabdlyt! Temporary action Changing situation
Action at the time of speaking Future action
Action around the time of speaking
Frequent negative actions
lJnusual action
I. Now I1n living in ParisbecauseI havea contractwidr Dior for six months. Temporory action 2. We are prtrctisingEnglish grammar. 3. The board is holding a meeting at the end of nexr monrh. 4. Her behaviour is irritating. She is alwayssmoking someoneelse'scigarette. 5. Forftnately the rate of inflation is decreasingfast.
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.telrru ForYnH,tRtos "Be a millionaire" on TV but today I'm going to the cinema. 6. I alwayswatch T.The famous singer is going on a strict diet for severaldays becausenext week they are shooting new video clips. (2) 8. My speaking skills are improving quicldv now, becausea friend of mine from England is living with us at the moment. (2) 4 Put the verbs into the correct form. Sometimesyou have to use the negative. Tegyeaz igeket a megfelelf alakbal N6ha tagado alakot kell haszn1lni. (take) a coursein Er-rglish. 1. I want to sit for the lalguage exam at the end of dris yea! so lomtoking (diet)' 2. Sheilaand Dave have lost weight. They . flowers for you' (always/buy) ...'. He grry is a nice 3. Your hr,rsband one' a bigger flat for my ... (drink) about changir-rg 4.I ... to her' ...... (talk) to him until he apologises 5. Patsy careof her children until d-reystart take to she wants because (work) now, 6. Iulie school. now.I needto relax. ... (attend)the eveningclasses so I ...... 7.I'mvery exhausted, Perhapshe hastoo much ...... (g.t) more and more absent-minded. B My fatl-rer u,ork to do. 5 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions and answers.A zaroielben megadott szavakkal egdszitseki a kerdesekefds vAlaszokat! " "Nobody" "Can I switch it off thenf" (anybody/use)the computerf using l. "ls anyhody "I .. (make) such a noise?" think the Browns 2. ,.Who ... (redecorate)their flat again'" " "There'ssome solrr creamon Vour nose." ,,What (you/smile) atf 3. "IJecause he wantsto pay his debts .. .... (Ia.Vwork) so hard thesedays)" 4. ,,Why baclt." "oh, is hel what 5. .,Onr American colleagueis in Budapestagain." make) a surveyof the BudapestStock Exchange." 6. "Why "llecausehe is like thisf" ... (he/always/behave) Z. .,Why fed up widr everything." "Quite "Fantastic.A.nd how .. (you/get on)?" B. "I havegot a new job." r'vcll,thanks." "As far asI know. ..' (he/ 9. ,.Why is ir that he is alwayslate for work nowadays)" learn) to play tenr-risbeforework'" ki a sza6 Find out the below-defined verbs. Eachof them expre.rsesa changing situation. TalSlia ki. vakat a meghatdrozdsok atapiSn! Mindegyik vdtltozohelyzetet feiez dork' 1. Tl-rishappensif tl-resun is setting slowly lt is getting tnuch. 2. This happensif a girl is eating too 3. This happensif somethingis improving.......""" 4. This happensif someoneis becomingolder..."""' 5. This happensto the leavesin autumn. 6. This happensif the amount of somethingis getting bigger if the level of somethingis dropping' """ ""' 7. This l-rappens B. Tl-rishappensif the temperatureis falling. 9. This happensif somebodyis losing weight. 10. This happensif somebodyis losing energy
17
PnesErur coNTrNUous 7 Underlinethe words which can expresschangingsituation, then use them to rnakesentences with the phrasesgiven below. H(tzzaal5 azokat az igeket,amelyek valtozo helyzetet feiezhetnekki, maid ezeketfelhaszn6lvakdpezzenmondatokat a megadott kifejezesekketl get better get warmer
happen feel
beat
increase rise
follow
take place
decline
decrease
get worse
fall
L. The number of English teachers- The number of English teachersis rising. 2. The population ofI{ungary 3. The number of studentswho learn Russiur 4.My English 5. The number of English languagelearners 6. The rate of exports exportitoto the E"astJrn rn markets market 7. 7 . Thc The value valueof the Flunsarian Hunsari forint B. Thc situation in the tTrira World. 9. The Eardr'sclimatc I0. The sizeof dre rain torests 8 Put the time expressionsinto the following categories.Sorolja be az id6hat1rozokat a megfelel6 kateg6ri6ba! always(!), at the mornent, currendy,occasionallyrady thesedays,sometimes,never,hardly ever, normally once a mondt, seldom, most of the time, usually,now, at present, every week, in general,this rveek,next month Time expressions usedwith present simple
rorely
Time expressionsused with present continuous 9 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! 1. Nem drtem, mi6rt n{z rim igy. 2. Ahelyzer egyrekomolyabb. 3. A bardtorn a Kaniiri-szigetekremegy nyaralni. J6 neki. 4. A fiam egy tiriember. Mindig hoz nekem ajdnddkotkiilfcjldr6l. 5. Novekszik a keresletaz rij termdkiink irdnt. 6. Mit tervezelholnapra) 7. Ha senki nem nizi a televizi6t. kikapcsolom. 8. Sajnosaz orosznyelvet tanul6-didk& szdmacs6kken. 9 . I ov6 l-rdtenmegl:irogatjuk Kovicsikat. 10. B{r jobban szeretema tejeskdvit a kaka6ndl,most kaka6t iszom. 11. lack most szorgalmasantanul, mert szeretnedtmenni a vizsgin. 12. Mostandban nagyon furcsa alakokkaljdr el sz6rakozni,remdlem ez nem fog sokriig tartani. 13. Azt hiszem, rul sokat gondolsz rd. Pr6bdld meg elfelejteni6t! 14. Minden estea szdrnit6gdpel6n i.ilcjkesdolgozom, de ma cste inlcibb megnizek egy j6 filmet. 15. Hfla az dgnek,a BUX index megint novekszik. 16. Minek tdmaszkodika ldny a kdpenl 17. A fiam mindig rigja a kormit. 18. A pdnziigyi vezet6sdgjelenleg az fj befektetdsiprojekti.inkon dolgozik. 19. Ez a pincdr mindig rdrn onti a levest. 20. A vildg nipessdgerohamosannovekszik. 21. A megdlhetisMagyarorszdgonegyredrdgdbb. 22. Ndh{ny di'ik rnindig eldobdljaa szcmetet. 23. A cegjciv6 h6napban be fogja zirni a kecskemdtiiizemit. 24. Sajnosnem hallom j6l, hogy mir6l beszdlgetnek. 25. Kire vdrnak) 26. Mire cdlzolf 27.Mir bdrnul azaszakillas fErfil 28. Hdny didk dlldogdlmdg a folyos6nf 29. M'i'r nagyon vdrod a nyaraldst) 30. Min dolgoznak ilyen kemdnyenmostan{banf
18
( ITdo) versus S I M P LP ER E S E N (lS am doing) CTO N T I N U O U PRESEN Folyamatos jelen id6t nem haszniilhatunk: I. Mentdlis tevdkenysdget kifeiez6 igdkkel: remember emldkszik
forget elfelejt
understand megdrt
remind eml6keztet
believe hisz
know tud, ismer
realise eszrevesz
suppose feltetelez
suspect gyanit,sejt
doubt kdtelkedik
hope remdl
think* vdl, gondol
2. Erzelmet ktfejez6 igdkkel: love szeret
wont akar
dislike nem szeret
tike kedvel
hate ut6l
adore im6d
prefer sth to sth jobban kedvel vmit vmindl
3. Er#kelis t I
hall
see*
smell*
tasteY
l6t, (l6togat)
6rez,vmilyenszagavan,(szagol)
vmilyen ize van,(k6stol)
4. Birtokldst, viszonyt vagy fiigg6sdgetkifejez6 ig6l
belong to tartozik vhov6
consistof 6ll vmib6l
contain tartalmaz
own birtokol
depend on fiigg vmit6l
5. I-etez{.st k tfejez-6 igdvel : to be* - lenni,(viselkedik)
6. Bgydbigikkel: matter szamit
seem tiinik
qPPear l6tszik (megjelen
* A csillaggal jelcilt igdk jelentdsiikt6t fiigg6en dllhatnak folyamatos 4'segysznr(i alakban is.
THINK Simp. pres. ha = vdlni, gondolni valamit (F6leg mondatkezd6kifejezeskdntfordul el6 ilyen drtelemben!) I thinh yownre right' fgy gondolom, igazad van. Pres. Cont. ha = gondolkodni valamir6l, gondolni valamire I'rn thinhing about myfwtwre. A jov6mr6l gondolkodom. thinhing of you' I'rn Rdd goridolok.
19
Srvplr pRrsrrur SEE ,,Can" segddige ha = ldtni A see(Litni) / hear (hallani) / smell (drezni) igiket, a megadott drzdkeldstl
I'm seeingrny ?na.na.ger on Mond,ay,
SMELL ,,Can" segddigeha: Ld. a SEE igindl. Simp. Pres. ha = v'alaminekvalamilyen szagavan. Rosszszagava.n. It smellsbad. Nincsenj6 szaga. It dnesn'tsnoellgood.. Pres. Cont. ha = szagol,szimatol. A kurydd a virdgokat szagolgatja.
hwr dng is srnelling theJhwers.
TASTE Simp. Pres. ha = valt'Lminekvalmilyen ize van. A levesnekrosszizc van. Pres. Cont. ha = k6stol ,,lr4ilyena levesl" ,,Epp most k6stolgatom."
The souptastesbad.. "Wat
is the soultkhe?" "I'rn just tasting it."
HAVE Simp. Pres. ha = birtokol Van egy aut6m.
I have a car
Pres. Cont. ha : valamilyen cselekvdskifejezdsdrehaszndljukpl. have a shower, have dinner stb. JEpp zuhanyozik. He\ having a shower.
3
BE Si-p.Pres. ha = lenni Nagyon boldog vagyok.
I'm wry happy.
Pres. Cont. ha : viselkedik Olyan gorombiin viselkedikvelem.
He is beingsorwd.eto rne.
A FEEL (drez)is LOOK (ldtszik)mindkdt igeid6benhaszndlhat6a jelentist6l fiiggedeniil. Most j6l 6rzemmagam. Firadtnak n'-rnik.
I'm feeling well now. He is looleingtired..
I feel well now. He l.oolutired..
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES Decide whether the following sentences are right or wrong. Correct them. Dontse el, hogy a kovetkez6 mondatok helyesek-e!A hib6s mondatokat iavitsa ki! in reincornotion. 1. I arn believing in reincarnation.Wrong.lbelieve 2.He sayssheis unnanrrallyniceto him at the moment. ................
20
4
PRrsenr coNTrNUous 3. The box is containing books. 4. She thinks of her husband 5. The Smiths are having guestsltow: .......... 6. Yummy The soup is tastinggood. ........ 7.Why doesyour dog smellthoseboxesf................ B. Your mother looks very exhausted. 9. I'm seeingthe manager tomorrow. 2 Put the verbs into present simple or present continuous. Tegyeaz igdket egyszer1 ielen vagy folyamatosjelen id6be! (grow) cold in autumn. l. If the climate is continental, the weadrergrows "Yes,the were2 degreesabovezero." Yesterdaythey belowzero. 2."Thetemperature is 3 degrees weather ....... (grow) cold." ..... (we/expect) (you/make)thosesandwichesl' 3. Why guestsfor dinnerl ...... (leave)the ofTice. .. (close)dre windows beforeshe ... +. Shealways ........ (work) on the computerl 5. Who .... (smell) everythingthat gets into dreir hands. 6. Little children *I .... (think), it's gone off." ... (you/smell)the soupf" ..... 7."Why (Iill/still/ have)a shower) B. ..... tomorrow. .. . . . ... (we/see)an eyespecialist 9. .. . .. so rude to everybodyin the office.He isn't .....(be) ... He L0.l can'tundersrandWatson. usually like drat. "And you don't know how good it .. .... (smell)good." 11."Tl-redinner (taste)." ....... (stay) when I'rn in London, but now I ...... .... (stay)in a guesthouse 12.I usually in a hotel. . (get) a companycar. .... (commute)by bus until she ... 13.she '.... (do) hereI 14. Hello Fred! I haven't seenyou for ages.W'rat . (meet) our new colleagueat dre airport. 15. Don',t forget, that tomorrow we . ........ (dre meeting/start) tomorrowl 16.When 3 Finishthe sentencesfollowing the example. Fejezzebe a mondatokat a p6lda alapi1n! on. leaving thelights I. All tlre lights are on. (you/leave) Iouoreolwoys ..........'.. 2.Tom neverlistensto the teacher.(he/day-dream) 3.My son'sclodresare on the floor. (he/leavehis clothesaround) 4. Sheilahaslost her purse. (she/ose) 5. Her husbandis sometimeslate. (he/arrive)Not sometimes) 6. Peterseemsto be a bit too aggressivethesedays.(he/be/likethat) .........' 7. Has Kathy borrowed money from you againf (she/borrowmoney/from me) ........... 8. Does your mother-in-law often annoy you. (she/annoy/me) 4 Decidewhich answer is right. Dontse el, hogy melyik v6laszhelyes! strangeagirin. l. Timothy's mood is very changeable.Nowadayshe isberngvery B) is A) is being 2. A traditional Hungarian lunch A) alwaysconsistsof
three courses. B) is alwaysconsistingof
3. I :rm worried about my daughter.She is very slim. She ... B) is alwayseating A) alwayseats 4. What time .. A) does the film finish
..... tonight) B) is the filrn finishing
21
very litde.
Srvprepnesrrut ..... a meetingthen. 5. I1n afraidit isn't good for me. I ...... B) am having A) have .... the men in black. B) arecoming
6. Here A) corne
.... dre ball to Perez.
A.nd now he 7. There is Szaracsevics. A) is passing
B) passes
B. Let's stop here for a few minutes. I A) am getting
B) get
9. She A) gets bored
.. tired.
... with everythingshestartsdoing. B) is getting bored
I0. "How is the pudding?""Wait a minute!I ...... B) arn just tasting A) just taste ll. I . A) am working
in our maintenaucedepartmentdris rnonth. B) work
12. The rate of unemployment A) rises
13.
... it."
.. steadily B) is rising
........ I .. how Englishgrammar B) Do you understand/ A) Are you understanding / works is working
1 4 .I . A) arrive 15. The plane. A) arrives
. . . . . . .i n L o n d o na t 1 0 . 5 0 . B) arn arriving in London at 10.50. B) is arriving
...... rlow: what you .... 16. All rigl-rt,L..... B) see/ mean A) am seeing/ are rneaning Translatethe senfences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. 6k tdnylegazt gondoljdk, hogy dn sohanem mondokigazatl 2. Altaldban nagyon kedvesember, de mostandbanegy kicsit furcsdn viselkedik. 3. O nem! A film hdtkor kezd6dik ds 6n aldcormdg dolgozom. 4. Bir jobban szeretia vajat a margarinndl,mindig az ut6bbit veszi,mivel az olcs6bb. 5. ,,A f6nok ki akarja rigni az rij titk:irn6jdt!" ,,Este ezt meglep6nektaldlod|" 6. SzegdnyPaola!Olyan naiv Mindig mindent elhisz,amit hall. 7. Atr.i6lrarrok, a mai napon ezt nerrl tudom megoldani. Egy nagyon fontos taldlkoz6m leszod
22
2 h
(r did) PAST STMPLE MULT EGYSZERU : did. KBPZES: ige * -ed, kivdve a rendhagy6igdket.Segddige Helyesirds: L. Ha az ige -e-re vtz6dik, a vegz6descsakegy -d lesz.lihe - liked.,hate - hated' 2. Ha az ige egy mtissalhangz6ra6s egy -y-ra v6gz6dik, akkor az -y-b6l -ie lesz. n7 - cried.,stwdystud.ied. mcg3. Ha az ige egy magdnhangz6ra6s egy miissalhangz6rav€gz6dik,ald
I I
worked,
Thgadds: I vou he she . rt wc tncv
I
I I
did not (oron t )
I |
worK.
Eldcintend6 kdrd6s: I you he she it we drev
Did
Kiegdszftend6kirdis: When Where did How Wl-ry Who
did
work)
I you l-reshe it we they
workl
you he she we they
work
forl
Alanyra vonatkoz6 kdrdds: Whcr What kir-rdof people How many people
worked
herel
Who What kind of people How many people
didn't
work
here)
HASZNALAI: l. Rendszeres multbeli cselekvdskifejezesdre. Thvirll' rnindig kocsival mentern dolgozni.
Last year I alwnysd'row to work.
2. Olyan cselekvisek kifejezesdre, amelyek a mfltban mdr lezajlottak, 6s ttibbet mdr nem kcjvetkezhetnek be. Az drettsdgiut'in letettem a kozdpfokir {llami nyelvvizsg{t.
After the schoolleaving exnm I pased' the intenned:iatesta.telnngwngeexam.
Az iskoldbansok dolgot megtanultam.
I learnt o lot of things at school.
23
SrvprrpRsr 3. Mese, tortdnet elmondisakor. Ekkor a hercegmegcs6kolta Csipker6zsikdt.
Then theprince hissed. SleepingBeawty.
A betor6 felment az emeletre ds elbdjt a fiiggonv mogott.
The bwrglar went upstairsand.hicl behind.the curtain.
Valakicl akart rabolni. de aztan csorsott az 6ra ds feldbredtem.
wanter{.to kidnap rnebwt then Somebody tbe alonn-clochrang and.I woheuPt.
4. A kiivetkezl id1hatfuoz.okkal: ...ago (five minutes ago, five weeksago), yesterday,yesterday evening, last night, last week, last month, last year, last summer, last |anuary, in Mayt in fanuary, on 5f |une (on the fifth oflune), on Monday, on Ttresday,in 1998, on2"d March 1999 (on the secondof March, nineteen ninty-nine), at 5 o'clock, at 7 o' clock, at half past six etc. 1965-bensziiletett. Mflt dvbenNobel dijat kapott. IC ldtta a filmet tegnap este? Midrt nem csindltadmeg a hdzi feladatodathdtf6nl 6t du,,el ezel6tt isrnertem meq.
He wasborvtin 1965. Lnst year shegot n NobelPrize. Who snw thef'lrn yesterd.aynening? Why d.id.n'tyou d.oyour homnporkon Mond.ay? I rnet hirn fwe yenrs a'go.
5. A kcjvetkez6 kerd6szavakkal, ha valamilyen cselekvds k
Midrt ment6l oda) Hogyan tortint a balesetl Mikor jdrt{l Olaszorszdgban) I(ivel rnent6lmoziba? Hiirly dwel ezel6tt ldttad 6t utoljdraf
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES "l Rewriteeachsentence following the instructionsgiven in brackets.Alakftsa6t a mondatokata z6rojelbenmegadott utasit6sokszerint! I. I translatedthe letter. 2. Sheworked hard. 3. He travelledabroad. 4. Did he askPat for her bagf 5. Paul didn't use a dictionary 6. You er-rjoyedthe holiday 7. Sl-rerented a flat. B. Did you help himf 9. We answcredall the questions. 10. Sireleft for England.
theletter. I didn'ttronslate (negative) (negative) (question) (affi.nnative) (affirrnative) (question) (qwestion) (afi'rrnatbe) (negatfue) (negotfue)
2 Ask questions for the underlined parts. Tegyenfel kerd6seketaz al1h(tzott r6szekre! for? oskherfather didSheilo l. Sheila askedher father for some pocket money What 2. On dreir way home they ran out of p9!rql. 3. Jack fixed an appointment with his bossyesterday 4. Thei, $61rowed some money from dre bank. 5. When I was younger, I listened to rock music 6. I rented a nice flat in this housing estate. 7 . Last year I travelled abroad b)' plane. B. It took him twelve hours to get there'.........
24
4
MULT EGYSZERU
9. The boss askedhim for the report. I0. They interviewed her the following week I l. The photocopier was out of order. 12. Tom calledhis son on his mobile phone. 13. Gary made a few notes during the lecture. 14. Eve becameMs Flarper's assistantlast year. 15. Samuelresignedbecausehe wanted to do something more creative 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past. Sometimesyou have to use the question form and the negative. Tegyea zdrojelben talSlhato igeket mIlt id6be! Neha kdrd6 es tagad6 alakot kell haszndlni. youlell(youlnotltell) me drat you wanted to give up your jobl l. Why didn't 2. Who .. (close)dre factory downl (you/choose)finally) 3. Wl'richschool ...... (join) the InternationalStudentOrganisationf 4. Which schools ... (b.) a strangerin that town. .... (lose)my way asI ... 5. I ... (buy) a house in the countrlt (not/understand)why she ... 6. L.. . (see) him there at the tirne of dre robberyl 7. How many people ...... . (he/see)thereat the time of the robberyf 8. How many people...... ..(he/rvant)to buildl 9. What kind of house..... ... (b.) a babv-sitter? ..... (Mary/stay)in Italy when she ... I0. How long .. ... (you/not/invite) for your birthdayf 1I. Who (answer)the door. .. (ring) the bell but nobody I2.I . night) (you call) me at ... 13. / .... (not/attend) the lecture? 14. Which students . .. (corne)to work for .... (you / be) a teacherbeforeyou .. 15. How long .. dris firml 16. I .. mobile. 17. ....
. . ... (forget)to switchoff my
...... (not / want) ro wakeyou up but I . ....... (he / larow) that you weregoing to seehim)
4 a) Lookat the irregular verb forms below and add some more which are spelt simitarly to them. (As many verbs for as many linesyou can see).Ndzze meg a rendhagyo mult idei1 ahkokat es keressenolyan igeket, amelyeknek hasonl6an k6pezz0k a mult idej6t! Minimum annyi ig6t keressen,amennyi vonalat a megadott ig6k mellett l|t, vagy anndl tobbet. Haszndlia a rendhagy6 igek tdbl1zatdt! thought fought;think- thought, hwght;fight- fought, 1. bring - brought, breu€fu, huy- bought, 2. tell to!g[, told, ...; '.. ...; ... 3 . b e g i n- b e g a nb, e g u n ,
+.larow 5 . break 6 . teach7. drive 8. 9. fssd -
krtew, known, broke, broken taught. taught drqve,drivgn
........;
fed, fbd
I 0 . h i t - h i t ,h i t 11. sh3k9- shook, sh4ken 12. qive - gave.giveu .
".'..; .
.......;
25
....'..;
SrvprrpRsr b) Look at the listyou made above and put the correct verbs into the gap. N6zze meg az on 6ltal k|szitett listat, es eg|szitse ki a mondatokat a megfelel6 mult idei6 igevel! my leg last year. L I don't likc skiir-rg.I broke . ... English for drirry years,but now she is retired. 2. Aunt Nirncy .... to work. 3. We usuallllgo on foot but yestcrdaywe .... ..... it backlastwee[<. and l-re him last year money to sorne . sisrer . 4. Ml' kittcns. dre .'.... ...... soffIemilk in the morningand ... 5. L.. an examin Englishbr'rthc failed. 6. Jack .. snakesin his flat. 7 . My grandfather butitwasn'twordr it becausewchad toLlsea lotof water. ...... vegetables B. Lastslurrmerwe.... hands. . . ... , they 9. When Mr Blackand Mr fones . was wrong. I know that now I r,vzrs right but ........ I I0. L .... earlierthat'stl4ryI waslate. 11. Thc lccture . .. rne a lot of funny storieslast night. 12. My l-rusband ... to Mexico. This was the first time that I had travelledby planc. 13. Last vear we .... a stamp on the envelopeand I posted dre letter. 14. I . ....... a busto Budapest. 15. After the lessonwe . ... 5 Read the story and complete it with the verbs below. Olvassael a tortenetef ds tegye a megadott igeket a megfelel1 helyre m(tlt id6ben! ring tear
tell
put
find (2x)
see read
catch
take learn
want
come
go
do not know
get look
write kidnap
and .......... 11letteron my bed.L....... open the envelopcar-rd......'... :r small I wenlhome Lastr-right on dre cardI ... ... into a panic.I .. . ..'. . . ... it. When I ......... the message in it. Mv husband cirrc-l .'.... what to do, so I ... a ransom.I .... ..... hirn and they that somekidnappers .. to my houseimmediatelyTl-rey.. me not to worry and ... . the police.They . Forrunately into dre newsPaPer. a photo widr them, which th.y .. around,and then they .. them very quicldy ... the kidnappers,so the police a rvitness 6 Write things that you did at the following times. Write sentencesas in the examples.lria te, hogy mit csin6lt a megadott id6pontokban! I wenlto seemysister. I. yestcrday- Yeslerdoy 2. the day befbreyesterday 3. at d-reweekend 4. lastweek5. lastmonth 6. li'rstyear7 . o n M o n d a y- . . . . . . . . . . . 8. lastnight 9. nvo daysago 10. yesterdavmorning Translatethe sentences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat! I. Ejftlig angol szavakatmagolt, mert m{snap dolgozatotirt. 2. Amikor mdg egyetemistavoltam, rnajdnemminden esteelmentemsz6rakozni. 3. Melyik buszonI'ragytadel a dzsekidetf
26
uulr Ecvszrn0 4. Hirteler-rfel:illt ds el6rdntotta a vizipisztolydt. 5. A rninap megl{togattam a haveromata b<jrtcinbcn. 6. Ot dvig tanultam angolul, irztiinfeladtam.A nyelvtanuldstnem nekem taldltik ki. 7. Hirry dvig cigarett.a,ztil? 8. Thvall'kivel mentdl nyaralni, ds hovd mentetekl 9. ,,Hogv tcirtdnt a balesct)",,I(hajolt az ablakondskiesctt." 10. I(irc hasonlftottaka gyerekekf I I. Terer-rcepdr dvig tan'irkdnt dolgozott egy kozdpiskoliban,azt:inegy vd.llalathozrnent. 12. Teer-rapcl6tt talilkozt:rm dlmaim hercegdvel,aki rogtc-rnn-regis kdrte a kezernet. 13. EIs6ldt:israszerelmes lettem beld. 14. Mirlt hdtenhiirornszorkellett dgynernfitcserdlnem,mert folyton kiboritottam tr k:ivdt. I 5. Shakespearc sohasemj:irt Magyarorszdgon. 16. I'et6fi viszont eljr.rtottOroszorszigba,Icgaldbbisndhiinyanezt rillitjdk. ).7.A ldn,vteherbeesett,hozz{ment gyermekeapj{hoz, de kit dv rntilvael is vdltak. lB. H'iny emberreldolgozt{l eg}ruttaz el6z6 irodddbanl 19. Melyik gverektolta hazaezt a bevaisdrl6 kocsitf 20. Amikor fiatal voltdl, rnilven zendthallgattdlf
27
(l w.asdoing) CONTINUOUS PAST MULT FOLYAMATOS ffPzf,S, AI
was/were+ igc + -ing
AS:
I he sheit You we they
was
working.
were
worktng.
I he she it
workingf workingl
r(d Was Werc
you we they
not (weren't)
HASZNALAT: folyamatban volt' |ellemz6 I. Olyan cselekvds kifejezesdre, amely-a mirlt egy adott.id6pontiala1 o'clock' 5 id6hitirrozok: (at) this iime last year,-this time last month, at (At) this thneyesterdayIwns doing my hamnuot'k'
Tegnap ilyenkor a hiizi feladatomat frtam'
folyamatosan zajlott' |el 2. Olyan cselekvdskifejezesdre, amgly a mult egy adott id6-intervallumdban morning till night. lemz6 id6hati,roznk: from 3 to 4, from Monday to Friday, from I wasstudyinghard'ftorn ruoming till night' Tsterday I ias doing exercises frono six to eight'
Reggelt6lestig keminyen tanultam. Tegnaphatt6l nvolcig torn{sztam.
amelyet egy mdsil
While I wasgot'n7 !o.rne,it started'to rain' Hewnswoiting-flrhlgirltiend'whenlrnethint" As I wasgoing upstairs,I beardn strnngenlNse'
Gyakori kiit6szavak: when 4. A mriltban pdrhuzamosan zail6, egyidejii cselevdsekkifejezdsdre. while - arnfg. rrnril
white the teacherwasexplniningthe na')
ki azablakon. bdmultak a didTcok
tf#ffi:ffi.tt"t,tbe
Amikor mentem lefeld, 6 6ppen jott felfeld.
he wnscorning When I wasgutng d'ownstairs' uPstairs.
owt loohing stud'entswere
ds ezt hangsulyolni is szeretnink' S. Olyan cselekvdsekkifeje#sire, amelyek a multban hosszantartottak week mrilt hdten v{gig' all last year Cy"f-ri hatdroz6k: all iay yesierday- tegnap eg(.sznap, all last - tavalyegdsz6vben. I wasworhing hard.all last mnnth. It wnssnowingall d.ayyesterd'ay.
Mflt h6napban v6gig kemdnyendolgoztarn' Tegrrapegdsznap esetta h6.
28
FoLvRvRtos vuLr
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put the sentences of the dialogue into the correct order. Sorne of them are already given. Tegye a dialogus mondatait a megfelel6 sorrendbe! NdhSny mondat sorsz6ma mltr adott. DetectivcPoirot (D) is questioningMiss Cruise (C) and Mr lones (J), dre suspectsof a crime. D: Ycruweren't. You were in tl-rebedroom widr your wife. She was shouting rvidr yor"rwhen vou suddenlytool
Il
2 Finishthe sentences with the help of the dialogue. Fejezzebe a mondatokat a dialogus segits6gevel! lookouthisgunandpulled thetrigger. I. Mrs Joneswas quarrelling with her husbandwhen he suddenly atthe tirneofthemurcler. ....... 2. The detectivekneweverything becausehe..... 3. Wrile the detectivewas sitting in the wardrobeMiss Cruise 4. The detectivehid in dre wardrobe when . . ......... (2) 5. When Miss Cruiseheardthe shots. 6. While Mrs lones was quarrelling with her husband 3 The police are questioning you, and you have to give an alibi for the following times. A rend6rs6g kihallgatja Ont. Adjon alibit a kovetkezd idSpontokra! porlner reslouront. in o well-known l. at 7 o'clock on Sunday evening lwoshoving dinner withmybusiness 2. at6.30onMonday evening 3. at 4.15 or-rTuesdayafternoon. 4 . a t B p m y e s t e r d a.y. . . . . 5. at 1l last night 6. at 5 am dre day beforeyesterday 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous. Tegyea zdrojelben lev6 igeket egyszer1 m0lt vagy folyamatos m0lt idSbe! (climb) over the fence. dimbing 1. When the police gol(get) to the scene)the criminal was (leave)home. 2. k .. (rain) heavily when ........ ]ames ... (f"ll) ontohis head. 3. As )ames ..... (leave)home, a bucket 4. While my neighbour .... ..... (help) my wife to deliverour baby on dre back seat,I
;i
":l?l3llt; rif, 1i:-i[i,ii?,i'::ff:T:fi:?:::::::::: upin,he 29
PRsrcorurrruuous 6. Little-Red-fuding-Hood .. suddenly 7. The doctors B. Mrs Johnson 9. The girl often somebody
'o':::Tl*l
.... (walk) happily in the forest, when the evil wolf (turn) up. . (struggle) hard for hours to savehis life but it was in vain. . (prepare) for her lecture all last night. ..... (feel)that she .... (look) back,because (follow) her. ...
"". :::::::i1':&l;l'j,xil: i;;,f;:,':?::::::1 i;;i;;j
5 Choose the correct word or phrase from each pair underlined. Vdlassza ki az al1h(tzott p6rok ko' zul a helyesszot vagy kifejezest! I. While I|G;-dnvrnd / drove, an old man steppcd/ was stepping off the pavement. 2. She *nt-*'o-iRttfg7rn odced in the garden all day yesterday 3. Last summcr I went / was going running everymorning. 4. Wher-rthe bucket fell / was falling onto her head, she was screaming / screamed. 5. When she left / was leaving home, she was going / went to the bus stop. 6. As she went / was going to dre bus stop, she was meeting / met John. 7. While Mary fried / was fr)'ing potatoes, she was burning / burnt her hand. 8. When I heard / was hearir€ the shots, f phoned / was phonrry the police. 9. While we were sailing/ sailed,we were singing/ sangsongs. 10. What were vou doins / did vou do all last weekl 6 Complete each senfence with a suitable time expression.Egeszitseki a mondatokat a megfelelS id6hat6rozoval vagy kot6szoval! ago
last month
when
while
as
all last year
1. I rnet an old frie nd of mine three weeksago. 2. ..... ....weboughtacar. ... Paulwas trying to ring them, nobody answeredthe phone. 3. . . . . . 4. My modrer was looking for a job ..... Patwas comins downstairs.shehearda shot. 5. ..... 6. ..... ...... my fatherwas watchingTV I was swottingthe Englishwords. 7 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. A filrn kcizbenvdgig a kormit rdgta. 2. Tegnapegyik filmet ndztem a rndsikutdn. 3. Mikcizben a gyerk6c6k egymdst iitottik, a baby-sitter csakolvasgatott. 4. lobb f-izetdsremdnydben a rmilt h6napban vigig keminyen dolgoztam. 5. M6nikdt kinzo fejfijits gyotcirte, mikcizben a ruhdkat teregette. 6. A 6-os buszon utaztam, amikor megldttam a firjem a legjobb bardtn6mmel' 7. Ordkon dt gondolkodtak, hogyan fordftsdk le ezeketaz egvszer(tmondatokat. 8. A 66-os riton vezetett, amikor hirtelen egy feketemacskaugrott az aut6jirra. 9. A sz6tirt lapozgattam, amikor rdbukkantam errc az drdekeskifejezisre. I0. A ndpszerridnekest,Robbie Williamst hallgatta, mikdzben az angol mondatokat forditgatta. 11. A sz6keszipsdg a poros riton b6lddszott, amikor egy piros Ferrari hdzott el mellette. 12. Hi't te nem ippen el6addsttartottdl, amikor telefonon hivtalakf 13. Bdkdsenevezett,amikor egy nagy fehdr cdpafellokte a cs6nakj{t. 14. Mikozben Pistikefelelt, a tandr a kormdt lakkozta. aketrecben. 15. Mikozben a kutat6k ldzasankdsziil6dteka k6irlet megkezddsire,a padcinyokrimi.ihen szaladgriltak 16. A j6sn6 merevenn€ztea krist{lygombot, mialatt in Karcszragondoltam. 17. Arnikor feldnk rohant, egy dobozossciresettki a kabdtjaal6l. 18. Mezteleniil dlldogdltam i'telefonkagyl6val a kezemben,arnikor a fiam bedllitott a bardtaival. 19. A Fotex vdgig kemdnyenktizdott a bajnoksdgalatt. 20. Thvalyegdszdvbenorvosokhozj{rt a vesdjemiatt.
30
(l havedone) PERFECT PRESENT BEFEJEZETT JELEN fEPZfSr
have/has+ ige 3. alakja
Allit,irt [rave has
I vou we thel
He she
done. done
Thgadds: I vou '"vethev
have has
He she
not (haven't) not (hasn't)
lone.
done.
I(drdds: Have Has
I rrou we thev
donel
shehe
donel
HASZNALAT: I. Olyan cselekvdskifejezdsdre, ahol a tiirtinisndl is fenndll.
fontosabb a cselekvdseredmdnye, amely a jelenben
Looh!Sornebodry hnsbrohenthe wind.ow.
Ndzd! Valakibetorte az ablakot. 2. Ha valami dpp a jelen pillanatban kcivetkezett be. (fUST)
He hasjust arrived.home.
Epp rnost |rthaza.
3. Ha az irint irdekl6dnek, hogy a cselekvis vdgbe ment-e. (EVER) Have you wer seenan ostrich? Hatteyoweverbeento Lond.on?
Ldttdl m'ir valahastruccotf I{rt{l mdr Londonbanl
$
Fifletilnt
A helyhatdroz6 ktfejezes6re ilyenkor nem az rrila" hanem a rrto" prepozici6t hasznriljuk. 4.Havalami MAR (ALREADY +, YET f) bek
Mdr megcsindltam a h6^zifeladatomat. Megcsindltad mdr a hizi feladatodatl Mdg nem csindltammeg a hdzi feladatomat. ALREADY = MAR - csak dllit6 mondatban haszndliuk. YET = uAn
- ha kdrd6 mondatban dll.
YET = MEG - ha tagad6 mondatban dll. 5. Ha valami mir egyszer,kdtszer, hiiromszor stb., tiibbsz,cir megtdftint.
(ONCE, TWICE, THREE
TIMES, SEVERAL TIMES) I hapebeennbroad.twice.
Mdr kdtszervoltamkiilfoldon.
31
PnesrrurPERFECT 6. Ez az els6, mdsodik, harmadik stb. alkalom, hogy valamit csinrilunk. (THIS IS THE FIRST TIME, THIS IS THE SECOND TIME etc.) time that I've seenthisflrn. This is the second.
Most litom mdsodszorraezt a filmet.
T.Havalami mdg soha nem kiivetkezettbe az dletiirrkben. (NEVER) I have nover seena snake.
Mdg sol-ranem ldttam kigy6t.
8. A TODA\ TONIGHT, THIS MORNING, THIS EVENING, THIS AFTERNOON, THIS WEEK, THIS MONTH, THIS YEAR, THIS SUMMER etc. id6hatdroz6kkal. (A this summer ds this morning id6h*{roz6kkal kapcsolatban ld. a Simple Past ds Present Perfect cisszehasonlit:is rit ! ) W havehad.threemeetinis this m'onth.
Ebben a h6napban rn'ir hdrom drtekezlerlinkvolt.
9. Ha a kiivetkez6 kifejezesekszerepelneka mondatban: SO FAR - eddig, RECENTLY - mostandban,LATELY - azut6bbi id6ben,STILL ... NOT - mig mindig nem, IN THE LAST FEWWEEKS / MONTHS / YEARS - az elmult prir hdtben/ h6napban/ dvben,UP TO NOW mostandig. everythingsofnr I hat e wnderstood I hnven'tseenhirn recently. W've talhed.n lot nbowtyowI'ately. I still hatten'tf.nished.it. I haven't rnet hina in the last few months.
Eddig mdg rnindent drtettem. Mostandbannem ldttarn 6t. Az ut6bbi id6ben sokat beszdlgettiinkr6lad. Mdg mindig nem fejeztembe. Az ehnrilt pdr h6napbannem taldlkoztamvele.
I0. A WHERE kdrd6sz,oval,ha arra kdrdeziink rii, hogy valaki merre jdrt a kdrdds elhangzdsael6tt. Hol voltrill / Merre jirt{lf Orvosndl voltam.
Where hatte you been? I've been at the doctor's.
I I. Ha valami kordbban elkezd6d6tt is a jelenben is tart. (Bzz,el kapcsolatban ld. a Present Perfect Continuous-t!) (FOR, SINCE - HOW LONG!, SINCE WHEN|) (A,,for"-ral is a,,how long"gal kapcsolatban ld. a Simple Past is Present Perfect iisszehasonlitdsrit!) He has hnown hisgirlfriend' for sixyears. They have beenmarried' since1995. Theyhaw beentteryhnppysincetheygotmamied.How long hashe hnownhisgirffiend? Hw hng hnve they beenmnrried?
Hat dvc ismeri a bardtn6jdt. 1995 6ta hdzasok. nagyon boldogok. Ami6ta osszehdzasodtak, Mi6ta ismeri a bardtn6idtf Mi6ta hdzasokf SINCE ... = ... 6ta (valamilyen id6pontt6l kezd6d6en) mdjus6ta a rnirlt l-rdt6ta ami6ta elkoltoztek ami6ta osszehdzasodtak az6ta az6tais
sinceMay s'incelast weeh sincetltey rnwed. sincetheygot marryied.x sincethen wer since
$riatar*t fejezztik ki (pl. Nagyon boldogok, ami6ta iisszeh{zasodtak), Ha az id6hat{rrozit mellikmondattal akkor a mell6kmondatban a rrsince" utrin Simple Past-ot, a f6mondatban pedig Present Perfect-et kell haszndlni.
32
Bererrzrn-lrrrru FOR ... - ...-e, -ja (valamennyi ideje)
for two weelu for ten winwtes for fowr years. for threemonths for years for ages for tbe last hvo ruontbs
kdt hetc tiz perce ndgv dve h.irom h6napja dvek 6ta ezer cve lz chntilt l
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES Usethe words given and make senfences in the present perfect. A megadott szavak felhaszn6l6sdvalirjon befejezett jelen idej1 mondatokat! l. Shc/r-rot/work/l-rarcl/reccntlv hardrecently. Slrehosn't worked 2. s,ouI everl be/to/ ndi a/bcforcI 3. drcy/already/take/the/childrcn/to/the/nurscryr 4. I/just/kiss . ............. f anlvglyI roz^td. 5. You/rneet/d-re/prin ce/onI aI whiteI ho rse/vet I ............. 6. You/speak lroI al narive-speaker/latelyf 7. Sl're/still/not/finish/'rer/thesis. 8. Sl-rc/r.vritc/d-rirw/pagcs/so/far. 9. They/be/here/three/tin-res/today 10.He/nevcr/lovc/1'ou. I l . It is the sccondtirnc/1,s11/xckiit. ........... 2 Readthe situations and write sentencesusing the verbs given. Olvassael a szitudciokat es irjon mondatokat a megadott igekkel! increase lose
catch a cold
improve
sprain
win on the lottery
cut
l. Suzanneisn't at home now Shehosgoneohrood. 2. La.stycar 50 per cent of our saleswereexportsales.Now they're60 per cent........... 3. I am loohing fbr rny glasses.I can't find them. 4. tr4ikeis in bed. He has a bad cough and a running nosc. 5. Your Germrrnwas quite poor last year,and now you speakit quite well. 6. Monica'skneesaresrvollenend shecannotrvalk........... 7. Liz dtdn't havea penny last week and now sheh;rsgot :r lot of money 8. Aurne'sfinger is bleeding. 3 Complete the sentences.Use the verbs in brackets.Egdszitseki a mondatokat! Haszndljaa z6rojel ben megadott szavakat! mode pancake."(never/rnake) 1. "Do 1'ouknow how to rnakepancakef""No, lhovenever .. . .. .. ir." lelreadl'/finish) ..rrglassof coke." (just/havc) 3. "Do you want somedringto drinkf " "No, dranks (not/see/thatplay/yet) 4. "Is lim coming to the theatre,toof " "Yes,he .... "He .. (not/telfme/yet) 5. "What is Tom working on nowl" "We .... there." (never/be) 6. "Do you know lvhereEIm streetisf" "Yes,I ...... .... it." (already/do) 7."Can you help rne with the homeworkf" "Do " "Of jobf you like your (always ...... a hairdresser." course.I ...... 8. /want/be) ....." (score/fivegoals/sof.rr) 9. "F{ow many goalshavedrey scoredf" "They 10. ".. .... to France)"(ever/be)"Yes,I have." "Did since) ......." (not/meet/ever I I. you lastseehim ten yearsago)" "Yes,L. .... "How (write/five books/sofar) 12. many books have you written)" *I .
33
PnrsrrurPERFEo
4 Completethe sentencesusing todaylthis monthlthis year etc.Egeszitseki a mondatokata ,,todaylthismonth/thisyear" hatdrozokfelhaszndl1slval! anythingtoday. I. I atea lot vesterdaybut I haven't eaten 2. Sheread a lot last year but 3. Last yearthe factoryreachedthe targetbut ............ 4. It raineda lot lastautumnbut............ 5. My favouritehandballteam won a lot of matcheslastseasonbut............ 6. We worked very hard last term but 5 Match the two parts of these sentences so that every sentence is grammatically correct and makes sense. Some sentences can match more than one adverb. lllessze osszea mondatr1szeket ugy, hogy ertelmesek 6s nyelvtanilag helyeseklegyenek! Ndh1ny mondatnak egyndltobb pdrja is lehet. l. I've had a terrible toothachey 2. The standard of living has improved 3. I haven'tmade a decision 4. I've worked here 5. My car has broken down 6. I've readrwo pages 7. He's beena vegetarian 8. I haven't beenable to sleepwell 9. ]ack hasn't seenhis boss
a, recendy b, so far c, lately d, twice this week e, for twenty years f, yet g, for the past hour h, sincehe saw a dead cow i, in the last few years
6 Whichis correct?For or since?Melyik helyes:a ,,for" vagya ,,since"? ]. a, for 1995 2. a, for 6 years 3. a, sincea long period of time 4. a, for October l8'h 5. a, for ages 6. a, for my birthday 7 . a, for the end of last year 8. a, for 14 hours 9. a, for 7 months 10. a, for the last six days 1I. a, sincelastmonth 12. a- for the last month 13. a, sincea long time 14. a, for we met I5. a. sincethen
b, since1995 b, since6 years b, for a long period of time b, sinceOctober l8'r' b, since ages b, since my birthday b, since the end of last year b, since14 hours b, since 7 months b, sincethe last six days b, for last month b, since the last rnonth b, for a long time b. sincewe met b, for then
7 Readthe situations and write sentencesin the way shown. Olvassael a szitu6ciot, 6s irjon mondatokat a p6lda alapjdn! there. l. Jack is in Holland again. He has been there twice. lt is thethirdtimelhathehasbeen 2. You have visited me three times this month. Yes,it is the fourth time that L............... 3.Iack hastried to passthe examonce.It is the second............... 4. I havenever travelledby plane before.It is ........... 5. Jennyl-rasinvited us four times.It is............ 6. Sallyhasneverdriven a motorcyclebefore.It is............ 7. I haveseenthis film once.It is ........... 8. Anna has neverridden a horsebefore.It is...........
34
Brrnrzrrr.lllrru 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use present perfect tense. Egeszitseki a mdsodik mondatot Igy, hogy az jelentdseben hasonl6 legyen az els6 mondathoz! Haszndlia a befeiezett ielen iddt! l. This is the secondtimc I've drivcn a Ferrari. l've alreody drivena Fenari. 2. Nancy is still writing her book. ...yet. S h e. . . 3. It's a long time sincehe was abroad. .... for a long time. He ... 4. Is Lilly still aw:rke) .. .... asleepyetf Has .. 5. I've looked for mv dictionarv everwvhere.I can't find it. I ..... 6. Is it the first time you've been to Africal .... beforel Have . 7. M1, car key is still in the house. ... my car keyin the house. I ...... 8. She put down the receiverjust now the receiver. She ... 9. I don't know how many times I've seendrat play . . . .s e v e r at il m e s . I ...... met in 1992. I0. We last ... eachother for ten years. We ... 9 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! 1. Nem idrtam Amerikdban'98 novembere6ta. 2. Miora vagy itt) 3. ,,Kdpzeldi'Kit dlarcosdpp most tort be a szomszddunklakdsdba.",E, hivtad mdr a rend6rsdget)" 4. Ezer dve nem ettem almds oitdt. 5. Ez a filrn a legjobb, amit valiha ldttam. 6. Hiheteden. Ton mir tiz pohi,irsort megivott dsmdg mindig j6zan. 7. Sdtiltdl valaha a Kinai Nagyfalon sz6tirral a kezedbenl 8. Tegnapjavitotta meg a szerel6a kocsimat6smdr megint lerobbant. 9. Okt6ber 6ta vagyok munkandlktli. 10. Ma mdr kitszer taldlkoztam az angoltandrommal. II. Ez a negyedikalkalom, hogy kdsvedrkezik. 12. Ezen a hdten mdr ndgyszerkdsett el. 13.Ez a mdsodik alkalom, hogy repiil6velutazom. 14. Ebben az dvbenrndr kdtszerutaztam repiil6vel. 15. Mostan{ban nem rudok aludni, mert a szomszdddlland6andjjel hegedil. 16. O a legcsinosabbn6, akivel valahataldlkozott. I7. Thvalrikolcsonadtamneki kdtszdzfontot, is mdg az6ta sem fizeffe visszaa kolcsont. 18. Nem ldttalak a szerdai buli 6ta. Merre i6rt6l? 19. Hallottad mdr a legfrissebbhireketl 6ta." 20. ,,N{i6tag.jti Le6n a bdlyegeketf",,Gyerekkora 2I. ,]vli6ta keli gy6gytorndra jdrnodl" ,,Hdrom hete." 22. Megavitott'ik m'ir a szerel6kSchu'nacherFerrarijdtf " 23. ,,Jirrti^lmdr Erd6lybenf ,,Igen, egyszermdr j'irtam ott." 24. Kdt dvevan sajdtlakdsom. 25. Mindig is orvos akartamlenni. 26. M(.g sohasenkineknem mondtam el ezt a tidcot. 27. Mir tobbszor elhagytaa slusszkulcsdt. 28. Eddig mdg nem volt problimdnk a hatdsdgokkal. 29. Mostandbansokat beszdlti.inkr6lad. megvdltoztdl, rni6ta megnyerted a fiSnyeremdnyt. 30. Nag1,611 3f . Eddig mdr hdrom oldalt olvastamel. 32. Az utobbi id6ben nem taldlkoztak.A mflt h6nap 6ta haragbanvannak. 33. Mdg mindig nem mesdltemel nekeda tortdnetemet. 34. Mindig is tan{r akartamlenni. 35. Sok kdpet festett, ami6ta befejeztea I(dpz6mfivdszetiF6iskoldt.
35
(l did) versus SIMPLE PAST (l havedone) PERFECT PRESENT haszndlunk. I. This morning, this afternoon, this slunmer, this spring, this winter, this autumn present pefect: Olyan id6szakbantortdnt rnrikbeli esemdnykozldsdre,amely id6szirka kozlespillanat{ban mdq nem zdrult le. Ma ddlel6tt m'.ir ettem cgy irlm'it. (mdg ddlel6tt van) lizen a nytiron mdr volttrtn ktilfcrldon.(rnig nydr van)
I haveea'tena.nappletbis rnorning. I havebeenabroadthis surum.er
Past Simple: Olvan id6szakbantcjrtdnt mriltbeli esemdnykozlisdrc, arnely id6szak a kozlds pillanatdbran mdr lez{mlt. Ma ddlel6tt ettem egy ahndt. (mdr ddlutdn mondjuk) Ezen a nydron voltam ktilfoldon. (mdr 6sszelmondjuk)
I ate nn applethis rnorning. I wnsnbrond.this surntner.
2. For..., How long...? " Present Perfect: Ha a ,,for..." ds a ,,How long...f olyan id6szakrautal, irmely mdg nem zdrult le. Theyhavebeenfriend'sfor sevenyefr'rs' How long have theYbeenfriend;?
Hdt 6vebar{tok. Mi6ta bardtok)
$ r;flao"t Ilvenkor a for...= valamennyi ideje, a How long...f = Mi6tal, Mennyi ideje! Ezeket a mondatol
Hdt dvig voltak bardtok. Mennyi ideig voltak bardtok?
$
Figyelem!
Ilyenkor a for...= valamennyi ideig, valamennyi id6n dt, a FIow long...| = Mennyi ideig| Ezeketa mondatokat mflt id6ben forditjuk magyarra. mindig Simple Past-ot 3. A,,last"-os (last night, last week, last month, last year etc.) id6hatdroz6ldcal irirszndlunk. I went boru'elast night.
Mrilt djjel rnentem haza.
S
Figtelem!
Az in the last five years, in the last few months' for the last five days, for the last two weeks tipusu rd6bataroz6kkalmindig a Present Perfect'et haszndljuk. I have workeda lot in the lastfew d.ays. I have worked.a lot for the lastfew d'ays.
Az ehnflt pdr napbansokat dolgoztam. Az elmirlt pdr napja sokat dolgozom.
36
Penrrcr Pnrsenr
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Choose the correct answer. Vdlasszaki a helyes valaszt! l. Wlren didyouiointhe companvf A) hirvcvou joincd ll) did vou joined C) clid t'ou joit-r D) l-rrivcyou evcr joincd
.. . . .i n I r e l z r n d l 2. ..... A) Did yoLrever worked B) Have vou everworked C) Worked you D) Didn't Yor.thaveworked
...... 3.That'sdrc bestpresentatiort A) I ncver heard B) I didn't hetrr C) I haveever heard D) I usedto hear
yearanclit'sstillvalid .......a contractlast 4. ..... A) Wc havesigned I3) We havesign C) We signcd D) We haven'tsigr-red
5. .....
A) He B) He C) He D)Hc
... to her for: the last weck.
A) B) C) D)
hasn'tspoken haven'tspoken didn't speak spoke
..... 7. It is rhe rnostrishybusiness A) I'vc neverhird to clealrvith. B) I'r'e evcr had to deal with. C) I no'er dealt with. D) I cver had to deal witl'r 9. It is for surethat vou A) you didn't read B) you haveu'trcad C) you not read D) \,ou don't read
6. Tl-rererlsonI iun so sad is drat
some bad ner'vs'
I got lust I'vc just got I get I just got
B. Our profits....... in 1999,but sincetheuthcy '...... A) haverisen,havc faller-t 13) rosc,l-ravefaller-l C) rised,h'.rvefirllcn D) rose,fcll
.. ..... d-risbook. 10. You A) I3) C) D)
a lot sincewe ... .
changcd, have met cl-rirngcd,met l-ravechanged, h'ave tnet hirve changcd, met
2Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, presentperfect or past simple. Tegyea zdroielben tev6ig1ket a megfelelS alakba, befeiezett ielen vagy egyszer1 mult idSbe! been(you/be)f l. Yor.rlooh awful. Where haveyou .. (not/find) l-rimat home' (go) to seeTotn, but I . 2.I ... shervasat school,but she ....... (knotr) a lot abouthistorywhcr-r 3. Sheila .. . ... (forget)most of it sincethen. to seea new docutnentaryon World War II or-rT{ but she ..... (rnear-r) 4. Lirst niqht she it. (forget)irbor-rt ........ ..... (improve)a lot' figures 5. Fortunatelythc si'rles "Yes,I ...... ... ..... (finish)it yet. 6. "Are vou sliil doinq voir homeworkl" ." "Don't worry I think (parlc)m)/ carherebut norvI can'tseeit anpvhere 7."My God. I ........"..'..... (tow) it awav becauseyou mustll'1p3rk here." the police (lose)it' I'm . . .. (give) me a Pen,but I'm afraid I B. A snrdentof mine alwaysIosing my pens. "No, he ...... (go) backto dre States." 9. "Is Matthew in Hungary nowf" (come)out sincethen. nobody but (go) that flat, into .'.,.... ... . -.. I0. Threepeople a n l d e . ) y . . , . . . ( s p r a i nm I t . O r " r c hI l . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( l e a v et)h e r n c l o s e d . " " I ' r n a f r a i d s o m e b o d v 1 2 . " T h ed o o r s o f m y c a r a r e o p e n b u t i . . . . . . . . . . . . .( o p e n )d r e m . " else... .... (give)it r-rp' years,but then he .......... (smoke)for fifteer-r 13.Mr Claude no\M years ....... (yorr/be)married)For ten 14. How long .. (you/live) in Mexico beforeyou moved to Texasl 15. How lon[ ..
37
PRsrsrurprr 3 Rewrite the sentencesusing the given adverbs. Change the tenses (present perfect, past simple) accordingly. irja 6t a mondatokat a megadott hatdrozokkal, 6s modositsa az igeid6t a hatdrozoknak megfelelSen! I. Jack (finish) writing his book. 1. last month 2. yet writinghk hooklostmonth. lockfinished writinghishookyel.Or Js* hosn'tfinished writinghisbookyet? Hoslackfinished 2. You (change)a lot. l. in the last few years2. sinceI Iastsaw yon
3. IQthy (phone) you. l. rwice 2. this morning (it's in the afternoonnow!)
(go) to Ireland. 1. twice 2. never 4. Shakespeare
5. I (drive) a motorbike. 1. two yearsago 2. It is drc third time
6. We (meet). I. It's five yearssince2. already
7.The Chinese(invent) a lot of things. l. in ancienttimes 2. sincethen
8. I (not/speak)Italian. I. for the last threemonths 2. in the last two years
9. Tom (read) five pages.L so far 2. last night
4 Answer the questions as shown in the example. Use since or for. V1laszoliona kdrddsekrea pelda alapjAn! HasznAljaa ,,since"-t vagy a ,,for"-t! ployed tennis forfouryeon.. butlhoven'l l. Can you play rennis) (four years) Yes, lleft university. o hikesince ridden 2. Can yo" ila" a bikef (I left university) Ies,bullhoven'l 3. Can you make Goulashl (a year) 4. Can you usea word processor)(I wasmaderedundant).......'. 5. Can you iron your shirtsl(I got married)............. 6. Canvou speakGermanf(lastsummer)............... 7. Cany"" pi"y tl'reflutel (years) .................. B. Can you drive a car) (June) 9. Can you ride a horse)(I fell offone) .............. I0. Can you developa fihnf (quite a long time) ......... 11. Car.ryou singl (ages) 5 Rephrasethe following sentences using the present perfect tense with for or since. Tegye6t a kovetkez6 mondatokat befejezett jelen iddbe a ,,for" vagy a ,,since" felhaszn6lSsdval! Iwosonholidoy. since odopus l. I last ate ocopus when I was on holiday lhoven'teaten 2. It's five y""r, iin..I was on holiday !hiven'tbeenonholidoyforfiveyelrc. 3. I last went to England in 1996. 4. It's five minutes sincethe meeting was ended. 5. It's six yearssinceI last saw dte doctor.
38
PEnrrcr Pnesrnr 6. He last sDoketo me when we met in the theatre. 7. I last wrote a letter the day before yesterday B. It's vearssince mv husband last hoovered the carpet 9. Marv lasttook a day sffln June........... I0. It's a long time sincewe last learnt English. 6 Are the underlined parts of the sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. Dontse el, hogy az al6h0zott rdszek helyesek-e!A helytelen mondatokat iavftsa ki! l. Have i,ou bought a carl lt looks new R/61/I ... Didyoutoste 2. Have you tastedAunt Nancy's cakelast night) WRING: songs. written a lot of 3. John Lennon has 4. I'm going to fail the exam. I have made too many mistakes. "5. . - 'I- ' was J - - * ^very * * " . exhaustedin the last three weeks 6. I'm very thirsql I haven'tdrunk anythingtoday ......... 7. I last saw him three yearsago. have been very cruel. " - emperors --"r-8. Some of the Roman 9. Jackwas very busy with his job for dre last month. I0. Iack was very busy with his work last mondr. ll. Jennywas marriedfor a month now............ 12. Jennyhas been married since last month. 13. Have you seencamelswhen you lived in Egyptf 14. Did you seecamelsbeforeI 15. I'rn looking for the TV Timesf llave )'ou seenit? .............. 7 Put the verbs into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple. Tegyeaz igdket befeiezett jelen vagy egyszerfi mult id6be! L A: Have youcul(youlcut) your fingeri B: Yes,I have. A: When didyoucut(you/cut) it) B: When I was peeling the potatoes. .... (you/buy) a motorcyclel 2. A: . one (buy) when I earnedsomeextramone)r B: Yes.L..... ...... (giveup) his job. 3. A: Do you know about Terryl He ... (he/do) that? B: Reallyl Why .. ...... (b") fed up with his boss. A: He (be) to the saunal 4. A: Your faceis red. .. B: Yes. (you/go) withl A: Who ...... (be) therewith a friendof mine. B: I .. ....... (you/be)l 5. A: Where (be) to the doctor. B: I .. any medicineI . (he/prescribe) A: .... B : Y e sh, e . . . . ... (hurt) my kneevery badly llave you got a bandagef 6. A: I .(itlhappen)f B: I'll get you one. How . ..... (lose) my balance,and ... A: I wis riding a bike when I ....... (you/be)betweenjobs) 7. A: How long .. .. . .. .. (just/find)a job. B: I'm not betweenjobs now L. . .. . ... (you/find) this jobl A: That's great. F{ow (apply)for it. ... (read)it in the newspaperand ... B: I .. (I(ate/water) flowersf the B. A: . B: Yes,she ... (she/water)them) A: When . . . . . ( h a v e l)u n c h ' . . . . . . . . . . ( w a t e tr h) e mb e f o r ew e . . . . B: She
39
. (fall) off.
Prnrrcl PRsrsrvpLr- PnrsErur ...... (just/see)the play Much Ado about Nothing. 9. A; I. . Is it like dre bookf B: No, L..... d-rebook. ..... (r-rot/read) A: To be honest,L.... . (read) school. wirs at when l it ... Il: L. itf (Shakespeare/write) ...... A: When B: I cirn'ttell you. ..... (You/be)f 10. A: Wl'rere . . . . . . ( b e )o u t t o s e a . ll: I .. . (you/enjoy)itl A: .... ( e n j o Yi)t a l o t . B : Y e sL, . . . . .
" (you/see)tt?
8 Translatethe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. - Mit biimulnak azol
40
O N T I N U O U( lSh a v eb e e nd o i n g ) PT ERFECT PRESEN JELEN EZETTFOLYAMATOS BEFEJ I(EPZES: have/has+ been + ige + -ing Allitds: I You we they
[ravc
Hc she
has
been been
doine. doing.
Thgadds: A PresentPerfect Continuous-nak formailag ugyan van tagad6 alakja, de ezt ritk'ibbirn haszniiij{k. Helvette gyakrabbanfordul el6 a PresentPerfecttagad6 alakja. I you rve thel,
have not (haven't)
been
doing.
Hc she
has not (hasn't)
been
doing.
Kdrdds: Have Has
I you we they shehc
been been
doingf doingl
HASZNALAT: t_t^."t:' I. Olyan cselekvis kifejezdsdre, amely a mflt egy adott pillanat:iban elkezd6dcitt, a jgl."!.I s6tvi6szinilleg a jov6ben is tartani fog.le\lemzbid6hatiroz6k: SINCE..., FOR...' HOWLONG...?' SINCE WIHEN...f (ld. a Present Perfect-et) Shehasbeengoingto tbat schoolfortwoyears. Theyhnvebeengoingout togethers'incelnstweeh
M:ir liit 6vejdr abba az iskoldba. Mtilt het 6ta jdrnal
dt 2. Olyan esetben, ha a cselekvds hosszan tart, (elkezdtiik, de mdg mindig.t]1*_f.j.ztiik -be) :r_, ALL LONG' ALL DAY \4fEBI(, THIS hangsrilyor.ri is szeretnink. fellemz6 id6hatiroz6k: ALL NIGHT LONG. ALL THIS YEAR I hapebeentrying to reacbhirn all thisweek. I havebeenseeingthe d'octorall tbisyeat It bns beenraining all d.aylong.
L,gdszhdtcn pr6bdltam cldrni 6t. L,gdszdvbenv6gig orvoshozjdrtam. Egdsznap csakesik.
3. Olyan cselekvdskifejezesdre,amely a bes#d pillanatfig folyamatosan zajlott, ds a jelenben szemmel ldthat6 eredmdnye vagy kovetkezmdnye van. ",,A kertbendolgoztam." "Miert piszkosa kezedf (Epp inost h;igytaabb'.r,de a nyoma m6g l'itszik.) ,,Midrt fehdr a hajad)",,A plafont meszeltem." ",,Mit csindlt{lf" ,lMonoldid v'.tt't.
41
"Why areyowr handsdirty?" "I hm,ebeen worhingin thegard.en." "Wht isyour hair tphite?" "I havebeen " whit ewashing t he ceiling. "hu batten blaclzeye." "V/hat hnpeyowbeendoing?"
PnesrrurPERFECr coNTtNUous
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Answer the questions in the way shown. V6laszoljona kerddsekrea megadott modon! 1. Are you writing letters| (for an hour) Ies,l'veheenwritinglettercforonhour. 2. Are you learningGermanf (sincelast year) .......... 3. Is I'reworking on the computer) (sincehe arrivcd) 4. Are they digging the gardenf (for two hours) 5. Are drey quarrelling againf (sincetheir son left thern) 6. Are you phoning againl (all the morning) 7. Are you cleaningthe flat again) (all day today) B. Is your husbanddrinking again)(all day long) ......... 9. Are your neighboursmaking a noiseagain)(all night long) ......... 10. Is your daughterlearning to skil (for wo weeks) 2 Readthe situationsand complete the sentences.Olvassael a szituAci6kat6s egdszitseki a mondatokat! I. I started learning Italian two yearsago. I am still learning Italian. I huvebeen leorning holiunforlwoyeors. 2. Tom startedreadingthis book last month. He is still readingit.
; iilrb;;ii
;;h
;,;;;.; ,";,;,i";;;;s"
since rastmontrr i; i;;,;ii ;;i;; ";
tor ten mrnutes.
4. Jessicabeganworking for that companywhen sheleft universirlz .. sinceshe left universiry 5. Uncle Ben moved to China thirty-five yearsago. He is still living there. for ages. 6. The author startedwriting that book in FebruaryHe is still writing it. since February 7. Jackstartedpainting his flat last week. He still hasn'rfinished it.
B si.,;;;;;,;J;;;hid it;;;;;;;s;
since rastweek sr,.i, ,,il';;;.hi";; for an hour.
9. Alan fell asleepas soon as he sat down to watch TV ..... sincehe sat down to watchTV 10. Barbie startedsmokinq when she was22. .:.......
. . s i n c es h ew a s2 2 .
3 Use present perfect or present perfect continuous with the given adverbials. HasznSljaa present perfect-et, vagy a present perfect continuous-t a megadott hat6rozokkal! l. She/dance/allnight long. Sfehosheendoncing ollnightlong. 2. She/dance/with five rnen/so far. Shehosdonced withfivemensofor. 3. Kathy/write letters/for an hour. 4. Kathy/writefour letters/sofar.............. 5. They/travel/sincelast night... 6. Theyy'travell900 kms. .......... 7. Shelplantlvegetables/sincethe morning. B. She/plant/alot of vegetables. 9. You/peel/potatoes/for half an hour............ 10. You/peel/potatoes/since I arrived home. lI. Matthew/paint/a lot of pictures/sincehe left the art college. 12. Matthew/paint/pictures/since he left the art college.
42
IELEN Birarzrrr FoLYAMAToS
4 Read the situations and ask a question for each with the given words. Olvassael a szituAciokat 6s tegyen fel kdrdeseket a megadott szavakkal! l. Your friend is readinga book. You ask: thisbook? youheenreoding (lrow long/read/this Uook; Howlonghove you pages read? hove mony (lrow many pages/read)How 2. You meet a poet. You ask: (how long/write poems) (how many poems/write) 3. Your friend is a football player. You ask: (how long/play football) (how many goals/score) 4. Your classmatehas a wedding party You ask: (how rnanypeople/invite) 5. Your nephew'shobby is collectingstamps.You ask: (how long/collectstamps) (how many stamps/collect) 6. You meet Spielberg.You ask: (how lor-rg/direct films) (how many Frlms/direct)
S Lookat the situationsand asktwo or three questionsto find out what the personhasbeen doing. O/vassael a szitudci6kat6s tegyen fel eldontend6 kdrdeseketarra vonatkozoan,hogy a ,"gidott szem6lymivel foglalatoskodott,illetvehogy mi tort6nt a megadott helyzetel6tt! Hosshebeenwotchingolovestory? peeling onions? Hosshebeen Hosshegotbodnews? 2. Yourhandsaredirty 1. Sheis crying.
3. His clothesare coveredin paint.
4. Georgehas a black eye.
5. Ycruare out of breath.
6. Yor,rlook tired.
43
PnrsrrurpERFECr coNTtNUous 6 Read the situations and answer the questions. Olvassael a szitu1ciokat es vdlaszoljon a kerdlsekre! 1. There is some flour on your T:shirt. What have you becr-rdoingl (cook) l hovebeen cooking. 2. There is some white paint on your hair. What have you beer-rdoingf (whitewashtl-receiling) ........ 3. Your clothesare wet. lVhat haveyou beendoingf (walk in the rain) 4. His faceis red. What has he been doingf (sit in the saunafor hours) 5. There is somejam on her mouth. what has she beendoir-rgf(eat pancakes)............. 7 Correct the wrong senfences. Javitsa ki a helytelen mondatokat! l. I l'ravebeen la-rowingJemry for ten years.Wrong.lhuve known 2. Tony hasbeenplayingchesssincenoon.......... 3. We have travelledfor days. 4. How long haveyou beenbeingmarriedl ............ 5. We havebeenwalking ten kilomerresso far. ............ 6. Ted and Jill hirvebeengoing out togetherfor ir ye?lr............ 7. Shehirsbeenea.tingsix pancakes 8. I haveleirrnthard all this week. ........ 9. "Your hair looks nice." "Yes.I have beenhaving a haircut." 10. "You look exhausted.""I have beenworking all night long." 8 Put the verb into the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Tegyeaz igeket befejezett jelen vagy befejezett folyamatos jelen id6be! l. Goshl Somebody hosstolen (steal)the r,vl'reels of my car. 2. I'r-r-r dcadtired.I ...... ..... (work) hardall week. 3 . H o w r n u c hr n o n e y . . . . . . . . . . . . .( y o n / s a v cu)p f 4. Where .. (you/be)f You look ar,vful. 5. What ... (she/do)fl{er faceis blackwith soot. 6. Do you smokefNo, I . (givc) it up. 7.How long.. (you/smoke)l 8. L.. ........ (write)this book for a whilebut I . . (not/finished) it yet. 9. I ... . (writc) a new book, I can takeit to my publishernow 10. Is it stillsnorvingfYes,it ..... . (snorv)all irfternoon. I I. Is it still snowing)No, it . . . . . . ... (stop). 12. "Has shestill got that handsomcboyfriendf" "No, shc . (kick) him our." 13. Has shestill got her boyfriendfYes,they . .... (go) out togedrerfor a ycilr'r-roiv. 9 Put the time expressionsinto the following categories.Soroljabe az id6hat6rozokat a megfetel6kateg6ri6ba! \rcsterdavlirst week, in drc lirst few weeks,two wceks ago, all last month, all day long, recentlli fiorn Mondav to Fiiday up to noq how long (!), for ages,just now,just, for threeyears(l), all dris week,fbr d'relast month, long ago, yet, alreadl',all last year,lll this ycar,at five o'clock, dris morning (!), this year, sincewe rnet her, in May Time expressions used with past tenses (simple irnd continuous)
Tirne expressions usedwith present perfect tense (simple and continuous)
44
JELEN Brrarzrrr FOLYAMAToS
1O Translatethe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! 1. Tfilhajszolta magdt, ezdrt olyan kimeriilt. 2. Litttad a tdsk'imat valaholf Ordk 6ta keresem. 3. ,,F(rrdszporvan a hajadban.",,Nelrl csoda.Fit vdgtam." 4. Eg(.szddlutdn pr6b{lom hivni, de soha nem taldlom az iroddban. 5. Rdg6tavdrszrdm) " 6. ,,Midrt lisztesa nadrdgodf ,,1\4ertsiitemdnytsiitottem." 7 . Mir ezer 6ve csopog a csaPunk' B. Mi6ta elhoztam a szewizb6l az aut6t, furcsa hangot ad' 9. Le vagy siilve.Napozt{ll 10. ,*Mi6tasirsz?",,Nemsirok,hagymdtpucoltam." 11. Hdr-ry6raja vezerszl 12. Mi6ta van jogosiw{nyodl 13. A per mir r(.g6tahriz6dik. 14. A gverekekmdr hetck 6ta alig v{rjdk a nyaraldst. 15. Egdsznap vdsdroltam,is most egy filldrem sem maradt. 16. Mdr l'r6napok6ta kdrem a ferjemet,hogy javftsameg a csapot. 17. Hetek 6ta kdsziiliimkaz eskiiv6rc. 18. Napok 6ta nem alszom. 19. Azipja az6taiszik, arni6taelbocsdtott'ik. 20. Sokateszik,ami6ta teherbeesett. 2I. Yerzrk az orrod. Verekedt6l? 22. Nem veheti el t6lem a projektet. Ezen dolgozom mdr f6l 6ve' 23. Mfilt l'r6nap6ta fogy6kririzom. 24. Mi6ra pr6b:ilszmunkdt taldlnif 25. A,rni6tacsakmegl:ittam 6t, rd gondolok. 26. Mi'r hat 6ve lakunk alb6rletben. 27 . Az elmilrlt kdt dvben citszcirkoltozkodtern. 25. Fij a hdtam, mert egdszddlel6tt vasaltam. 29. Hi'ny inget vasaltitlki eddigl 30. Valamir-rekt agyon j6 illata van! Any'ukdm lekvdrt f6zott.
45
(l had done) PASTPERFECT BEFEJ EZETTMULT Kt'Pzgs: had+ ige 3. alakja Alfit,is: you ne s
it we they
I
hacl
I
workcd'
Th I you he she it we drey
hacl not (hadn't)
worked.
Kirdds: Had I I Y"Y he sheit I worked) we
HASZNALAI I. Olyan cselekvdskifejezesdre, amely egy mdsik megadott multbeli cselekvist megel6z.6enment vigbe. lellemzi kcit6sz6k: before - miel6tt, after - miutdn, when - amikor, by the time - amire, amikorra Miel6tt elutazott Anglidba, eladta ahizitt. Miutdn befejeztea regdnydt,nyaralni ment. Mire meg6rtette, mdr mindenki elment.
Beforehe lejLfor Englnnd' he had sold.his howse. After he badf.nished.his novel,he went on holid.ay. By the time be und.erstood. it, nerybod.yhnd.left.
2. Olyan cselekvdskifejezisire, amely egy megadott mriltbeli cselekvist megel6z6 id6pontban kezd6dcitt, is folyamatosan tartott a megadott multbeli cselekvisig, s6t mig taldn tovdbb is. Ez a szabily csak azokra azigdkre irvdnyes, amelyeknek nincsen folyamatos alakjuk. Miis esetbenld. a Past Perfect Continuous-t. Amikor a gyermektik megszi.iletett,mdr kdt dvevoltak hdzasok.
Wben their cbild.was bom, theyhnd.beenmarried. for two ^vears.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Readthe situationsand makesentencesfrom the words in brackets.Olvassael a szitudciokat.es irjon mondatokata megadott szavakkalbefejezettmult iddben! L Sheboughtsomebreadbut at homeshesawtherew:rsa freshloafin the cupboard.(herhusband/ also/buy/some bread)Herhushond hodakohought some breod. 2. I offeredTom somethingto drink but he wasn'tthirsty (he/just/have/a glassof water). 3. Bob wanted to make a copy of that document. (his secretarylakeadyldolitlforlhim) 4. We expectedsome guestsfor dinner last night, but they were late. (their car/breakdown) 5. YesterdaySheilamet a man who said he knew her but (she/never/see/ him) 6. Unforrunately I arrived home late yesterdayevening and (my favourite series/begin)
46
BrrElrzrnN/urr 2 Connectthe sentenceswith before, after andby the time. Kosseosszea mondatokata ,,before",,,after" vagy,,by the time" kot6szavakkal! l. I arrivedhome.Somebodyhadburgledmy house. ny house. had hurgled honesomebody Before I onived myhouse. had hurgled home ohersomehody I onived myhouse. hurgled had home somebody I onived Bythelime 2.I got backto the office. My bosshad phoned threetimes. 3. Tl-reymet again.He had married her niece. 4. Aunt Nancy turned around. All the sausageshad disappearedfrom the table 5. They got to the station.All the trainshad left...'......'.. 6. Anthony and Kelly got divorced. They had adopted two children be3 put the verbs into the past simple or past perfect tense. Tegyeaz igeket egyszer(i mult vagy fejezett mult id6be! (return) home' (see) his wife off to the station, he relurned I. Afte r he hodseen .. (j"mp) into the room. ...... (open)the window,the cat 2. As soonasshe........ " (go) home' . (end),the audience. '.... 3. After the play ..... (open)the door of the cage. we .. ........ (shut)the window, 4. When he .... """ (invite) me to .... (already/know)me for a year,she .'. 5. \4rhenshe ... LL.t.
(start)to cry (read)the lctter I 6. After L..... b e d a n d" ' t o ' ' ( g o ) . . . . . .( l o o k )o u t b e f o r e I . . . . . . 7.L.. ... (get up) the next morning,he (see)a man srandingon the pavement.when L..... (wonder)whetherhe (be) still there,and I '... '. 'all " " (come)back' (be) awayand ..'... (stay)there night or he . "" (finish) we "" '..... (order)us backto work, 8. Beforethe boss our lunch. 9. We . 10.The police
... .. (g.t) to our destinzrtion.
(have)a puncrLlrebeforewe .... ........ (phone)them so many timesbefore' . . . . . . . . . . . .( n o t w a i t )u n t i l w e . . . . . ...... (be) 27 ard,he....
II. Tom 12.John twelve years. i3. It suddenly... . (knorv)you .. 14. | .
(occur)to me that I . .'.' (buy) a car'
. . . . ( f r n i s h o) u r d i n n e r . for .. (b.) in a wheelchair ... (forget) my keys'
4lJse the sentences given to complete the second sentence. Ihese sentences are in the order in you which they happeied. But the paragraph starts with the underlined sentence so sometimes mondam6sodik haveto use the past perfect. A' megadott mondatok segitsegevelegdszftseki a tol A megadott mondatok abban a sorrendben kovetkeznek egymds utdn, ahogy tortentek. A masodik mondat az al6h0zott rdsszelkezd6dik, igy neha a befejezett m(tlt id6t kell hasznllni. 1. (I) Shelived in Egypt for twenry years.(2) Shewrote a bgok on the culture of Egypt. (3)The """"' in .'.. well, she '.. which Egypt, book sold *ell. BJfore shewroleohookonthecultureof Egypt for twenry years. Z. f iiWc moved,o N.* York. (2) We got married there. (3) We didn't like living in New York.
oo::-:
we However "' married'
... .. . .. r;r;r':"*TY*.*' 47
PnsrprRrrcr 3. (l) Somebodystole my car. (2) I went to the garage.(3) I didn't find my car in the garage. W h e n I . . . . . . . . . . . .t o t h e g a r a g eI, . . . . . . . . . . m y c a r r h e r eb e c a u sseo m e b o d y ......it. 4. (1) )ack got back to dre office. (2) Two rninuteslater dre telephonerang. (3) It was his wife. W h e nd - r et e l e p h o n .e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ). )a c k . . . . . . . . .j.u s t . . . . . b a c kt o h i s o f T i c eI t. . . . . . . . . . . . h i sw i f e . 5. (1) Sheilawas often late for work. (2) Her bossfired her. (3) She was very disappointed. The boss .. .... because she . ..often ...... late for work. so she .... very disappointed. 5 Choose the correct word or phrase underlined in eachpair. V1lasszaki az al6huzott szavak es kifejezesekkozul a helyeset! 1. When I Ferx outl / was going out into the gardenI saw that somebodytrod / had trodden on the vegetables. 2. When sl-rewas getting / got on the bus she realised/ had realisedthat she had left / left her season-ticketat home. 3. While George took / was taking dre dog for a walk, he was rneeting / met Sue and Patsywho were / had been l-risfriends for ir long time. 4. Bv the tirne I switched / had switched on dre radio, rny f,avouriteprograrnmestarted / had alreird), .started. 5. When we were arriving / arrived home, the children had gonc / went to bed. They slep! / were sleeping. 6. We had been / werc colleaguesfor two yearswhen bodr of us were / had been made redurdant. 7.Jasonlradbeen/wasatworkforanhourwhenhisson'sformteacher@him. 6 Choose the correct answer. Only one is correct. Vdlasszaki a helyesmegolddst! Csakegy lehetseges jo vdlasz van. 1. BeforcJohn . A) had given / laid C) gave/ had laid
... the childrensomedtingto ear,he .... B) gave/ had lain D) had given / lain
2. As Tir-ra ..... d'rekey in dre lock, suddenlya stranger A) Only wnsturwing / grabbed are right B) Only turned f grabbed.are right. C) Both of drem are correcr. D) None of drem ilre correct.
...... the table
.. her hand.
3. He .. ... aslcepwhen rhe neighbours ....... shouringagain. A) had hardly fallen/was beginning B) hardly fell / had begun C) had hardly fallen / began D) wirs hardly falling / begar-r 4. A lot of children A) had lost / ended C) lost / ended
.. their p2lrenrsby dre time the war ... B) lost / had ended D) was losing / ended
5. After the researchers .... the remedymany people... ... ... ro recoverfrom the lethal disease. A) found / could have hoped B) had found / could hope C) could find / had hoped D) could havefound / had hoped
7 Translatethe sentences.Forditsale a mondatokat! Mindcn siitemdnytmegk6stolt, mire a lagzinakvdgelett. 2 . Elkdsett,rnert hdccizbendefektet kaport. J . R'i kellett jonnom, hogy mig hozzd hasonl6val nem raldlkoztam. A T . Alighogv hazadrtern,megsz6lalta telefon. l.
48
vurr Brrerezrn 5. Miel6tt elvdltak.eladtdk a hdzukat. 6. Egy pillantdst veren a kdpre, amit mdg a megboldogult Mr. Howard festett r6la. 7. Mihell't felszdllta gdp, elaludt. 8. Miel6tt odaadtarnneki a telefonszdmomat,megigdrte,hogy nem adja oda senkimdsnak. 9. Eladta az 6rit, amit mdg ddesapjdt6lkapott sziilet6snapjdra. 10. Amig dszre nem vette a gy$rut, nem ismerte fel a holttestet' I L. Mire befejeztea konlvet, elegelett bel6le. 12. Miel6tt a vdltsdgdijatdtadtaaz emberrabl6knak,felhivta a rend6rsdget. I3. Miutrin az es6eliillt, a sivatagvir{gba borult' 14. Tok6letesenemldkezettarra, hogy mit mondott egy hdttel kor{bban. 15. Azt mondta, hogy mir korbeutaztaa vildgot. 16. Ti-rdta,hogy a l'inyt mdr ldtta valahol. 17. Mire megettea levest,a fia m'ir be is fejeztea vacsordt. 18. Mire feldbredtem.mdr besot6tedett. 19. Sajnoshidba rohant. Az osszesbuszt lekiste. 20. Mire az egyetemetbefejezte,mdl kdtszerel is v{lt'
49
(l had been doing) CONTINUOUS PASTPERFECT M ULT BEFEJ EZETTFOLYAMATOS ffPZf,S,
had been + ige + ing
Allit,is' I you l-reshe it we they
had
been
working.
Thgadds: A PastPerfectContinuous tagad6 alakja helyett gyakrabbanhaszndljuka PastPerfecttagad6 alakjdt. I you he she it rve thev
l-radnot (hadn't)
been
working.
I you he she it we they
been
workingl
Kd Had
HASZNALAT: I. Olyan cselekvdskifejezdsdre, amely egy megadott multbeli cselekvist megel6z6 id6pontban kezd6dcitt, is folyamatosan tartott a megadott mriltbeli cselekvisig, s6t mig taldn tov:ibb is. Olyan igdkkel, amelyeknek nincsen folyamatos alakjuk, Past Perfect-et haszndlunk. Ld. a Past Perfect-et. |ellemzb kot6sz6k: by the time, when. Mire vdge lett az el6addsnak,mdr fel6rdiaaludt.
By the time the lecturef.nished., be bad.beensleepirry for balfan hour
2. Olyan cselekvis kifejezdsdre, amely egy mfltbeli cselekvdsigfolyamatosan zajlott, ds annak sz.emmel l6that6 eredminye, yary kcivetkezminye volt. A l-rajavizesvolt, trrert az es6bensdtdlt.
hehad.bnn walhingin the rain. His hair wa.swet, becm.ue
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Readthe situationsand makesentences from the wordsin bracketsin the pastperfectcontinuous. folyamtosmf lt befejezett mondatokata megadottszavakkal Olvassa el a szituSciokat, 6s k6szitsen i d 6 b e n! 1. I switchedon the TV The two top tennisplayersin the world wereplayingtennis.(They/play/for ploying l0 nrinutes)They hadbeen forlenminules. 2.The policewerelookingfor the robber.Finallytheyfoundhim. (They/ookfor himfor a year.) 3. When I got home, John was sitting in front of the computer.He had just turned it off. (Helplayl comPutergames) 4. When he kissedher, she smelt cigarettesmokeon him. (He/smoke) 5. When Kathy saw ]ack, his hair was full of grass.(He/lie in the grass) 6. When Carla arrived home, she found empty wine botdes all around the house. (Her husband/rave a party)
50
MULI BerElrzrn FoLYAMAToS
2 Readthe situations and complete the sentences. Olvasn el a szitudci6kat,es egeszitseki a mondatokat! l. yesterdaywe practisedEnglish. After practisingfor five hours, we understoodhow English tenses worked. howthetenses when weunderstood for fivehours English rvorked. Wehsdbeenproctising answeredthe phone,but it somebody evening the In 2. I was rrying to phone him all dav yesterday ...... when it ntrned out turnedout that it was the wrong number.L. with our firrn. Three vearslater the conpany closeddown. ;^;. ;.;;;r..t 3 il. :;-0""t . (work) with them for threeyears. ......, we .. When the company. 4. I srvitchedon the computer and startedryping. Ten minutes later there was a Power cut and thc .. for tetr minutes' ....., I computerstopped.When the computer. 5. peter arralged ro meer his girlfriend outside the cinema.Peterarrived drere on dmer and waited' After fifteen minures his girlfriend phoned him to say that she couldn't go drere. Peter ... for fifteen tninutes when his girlfriend ' 6. |ererny and Susiefell in love with eachother and startedgoing out together.Tvo Yearslater they got married. tor two years' ......, drey . When Jeremyand Susie later thev year alone . One 7. Fifteen yearslater Susieand ]eremy decidedto separateand started to live ...', thty got divorced.When jeremy and Susie separatelyfot a year. 3 put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous. Tegyeaz iget folyamatos mult, befejezett mult vagy befeiezett folyamafos mult id6be! (blow). (rain) heavily,and the wind woshlowing 1..The weather rvasawftrl. It wosraining . (pl.y) cirrdsfor . th.y ... (g.t) there 2.By the time L... an hour. ..... (b.) on a drasticdiet for 3. When I sarvTina again,shewas like a skeleton.She . months. theyrushedtothescene. ..(g.t) areportof a burglary, 4. Afterthe police.... 5. By the tirne they found the house made from cakes,|ack and Iill .. (stroll) in dre woods for hours. (sleep)for yearswhen the Princefound her and wokc her up 6. SleepingBeaury with a kiss. 7. Anybody could seethat it was a Partyof the uPPerclass.Everybody ...' (cost) 'anarm and a leg. (wear) ruxedoesanclexpensiveeveningdresseswhich . . . .. (alreadyleave). 8. Before I got to the universiry he . . my husband was at home, because that hear could I 9. Even five hundred metres from our house . (PltY) at maximum volume. UB40 ... (live) togetherfor fifry years 10. Our grandparentshacla wonderful life. They and they said they were still in love. ... (g.t) sick and tireclof it' Il. By the time Tiacy finishedher secondbook, she . . (d") on the floor. 12. When I enteredthe room I wonderedwhat she . ...... (fall)out' it .... ... (look) for her contactlens,because Shesaidshe . ... (p.,t) on twenty kilos. 13. By the time she had her baby,she . 14. When we passedour final examsat universiry we were htppy but very exhaustedbecausewe .... (study) night and day for weeks. '. (understand) I .... of theseexercises, the end to 15. By the time I got everything.
51
lUt.'|T
td
- BEruezrn' MULT FoLYAMATos Pnsr pEnrtcrcoNTtNuous 4 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. A zenekarot 6ve zen€lt egyiitt, amikor rigy dontottek, llogy feloszlanak. 2. Evekigkemdnyen dolgoztunk, mire mindent megszerezttnk, atnire sziiksdgiink volt. mire eldrtea cdlj{t. 3. Hrisz 6vig tanult szorgahnasan, 4. Miel6tt a rend6rsdgletart6ztatta,ot dvig lopott aut6ldcalkereskedett. 5. Tiz €vetlilt bortonben, tnire kideriilt, hogy drtatlan. 6. Evekig pr6bdlt beilleszkedni,de aztdnfeladta. 7. Amikor 6jra talill
52
F U T U RSEI M P L(El w i l l d o ) EGYSZERU JOVO KEPZES: will * rge Alit,i* I you he she | .,, , I wrll it we they
I lwork.
Kdrdds:
wi[
I he sheit | weYol l*orLl
, HASZNALAI I. Olyan esetben haszndljuk, ha a beszed pillanatdban dcintjiik el, hogy mit fogunk csin{lni. Sponti'n elhatfuozisr6l van sz6. Felmegyek6s hozom a kulcsokat.
I'llgo wpstairsandget the keys.
2. Ha seg(tsiget nydjtunk valamiben, vagy felaj rinlunk valamit. "I
,,Nem nrdom, hogy kell haszndlni ezt a karner{t." ,,Majddn rnegrnutatomneked."
d.ontt hnow how to wsethis ca.tr'tern.t'
"I'll
showyou."
3. Ha valamivel egyetdrtdsben cseleksziink. "CAn I ha:pemy notebookback?" "Of cowrse. I'llgive it bach,t0 !0w tnrnrrrrw"
a frizetemetl" ,,Visszakaphatn{m " Holnap visszaadom. ,,Persze. 4. Ha valamit megigdriink.
I'll leam it. I prorruse.
M.g fogom tanulni. Meg(gdrem. 5. Ha valakit udvariasan megkirtink
valamire. please? Wl you closetbe wind.ow,
Becsuknddaz ablakot|
6. A kovetkezf krfejezdsekutdn (Ezek riltakiban bizonyalansdgot fejeznek ki): I hope, I don't hope, I expect, I don't expect, I think, I don't think, I'm sure, I'm not sure, I wonder, I suppose, I guess, I bet, perhaps, probably. i hopeI will passthe exoln. Perhapshe will bring the cassetteback. He will probnblycnrneround.tod.ay.
Remdlem, dtmegyek a vizsgdn. Thl{n visszahozza a kazettit. Val6szinfilegma dtjon.
7. Ajov6re vonatkoz6 felt€teles mondatok f6mondat:iban. Hir esik az es6,itdron maradunk. At fogsz rnenni a vrzsgin ha szorgalmasantanulsz.
53
If it rains, we will stnynt horne. fru witt passthe exa.rnif you learn hard..
Furunrsrvplt $Figyelem! egysznrf jelen id6t haszniilunk a jov6 id6 kifeje-
A feltdteles ds id6hatrirozoi mellikmondatban znstre. (Ld. Unit I2!)
8. A ,,will' E.sz.ll. ds Tsz./I. szemdly( alakja a rrshall". F;zt aznnban ma mdr tobbnyire csak akkor haszndljuk, amikor tani.csot kdrihk valakit6l, illetve kikirjtik mdsok vdlem6nyet arra vonatkozian, hogy mit tegyiink. Shall I closethe d.oor? Whnt shall we dn tonight? Wheresball we meet?
Becsukjamaz ajt6tl Mit csindljunkma estef Hol taldlkozzunk)
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Match the rulesof simplefuture to the sentencesthat illustratethem. lllesszeosszeaz egyszerfi jov6 id6 szabalyaitaz 6ket illusztrdl6p6ldamondatokkal! Spontaneous decision
Offering help or something
Promising something
Polite request
Agreeing to do something After expressions of uncertainty
l. "Can you keep a secret))"'Sure.If you tell me,I won't tell it to anyone" Promkingsomething I'll help you with it. .............. 2.Thar suitcaselooks hearryr 3. "Can you return my notes)" "Of course.I'll give them back to you in the afternoon." 4. "Will you passme the salt, pleasef" "Here you are." 5. "I can'tusethis photocopier.""Don't worry I'll show you." ......... 6. "Could you do it by Monday?" "Yes.I'll do that by then." "I 7. "What do you think about the match)" supposeLiverpool will win." "I'Il do it in the afternoon- Mum. Bttt B. "Tom, you can't go out until you have tidied up your room!" "I let me go now" "But only if you keepyour word." will, Mum." "I 9 . wonder who will be the first to arrive." 1 0 .I've left my gloves in the car. I'll go and get them. I t . I don't know what to do in the afternoon. All right, I will go and seemy cousin. Complete thesentenceswith I'll + a suitableverb. Egeszitseki a mondatokat,,l'll" szerkezettel + egy megfelel6 igevel! l. I'm bored. I think /'//goroundto my friend'splace. 2. Gosh! It's raining. ....... backfor my umbrella. "It's ...... down the heatingthen." 3. ratherwarm in here." 'No, ids a[ right, "Would ....... thcm." 4. you like me to takethe childrento schooll" "Nobody" "Is .... it offthen." 5. anybody listening to the radio)" ............me)" 6. "Do you know how to usethis mixerf"'No, I don't. . "I "Enjoy ......you postcards." 7. your holiday and don't forget about me" won't. ......... so." B. "Rememberme to your parents." ....... you some." 9. "I haven'tgot any foreign currencyleft" "I haveenough...... ........ it backto you in the evening. I0. Thank you for lending me your car.... ... the gameof tennis.I'm better than him. I1. I bet "I bet you will." 12. "Do you think ....."in love with her at first sightl" "It's "Then ... a pullover on." rather cold outside" 13. .... to go back. 14. Good Fleavens!I've left the key of the flat in my office. 'We "Oh, .... and buy some." 15. haven'tgot any bread." haven'twef .
54
EcvszEn0 rov6 3 Readthe situationsand write questionswith shall1...or shall we...? Olvassael a szitu1ciokat 6s irjon mondatokata ,,shalll" vagy,,shallwe" szerkezettel! l. Yonaskyourfriendto takea photoof you but youdon'tknowwhereto stand.Youask:Whereshalllstond? 2. You and vour friend have no idea what to do at the weekend. You ask:
3. You arehungry but you don't know what to eat.Youask:............ 4. You and your friend want to drink something. But you can't decidewhether to drink champagneor whiskv You ask: 5. Yru don't know when vour husbandarriveshome and vou can't dccidewhether to phoue hin or not. You ask:
6. You want to travel somcu'herewith vour friend but vr-rucan't decidewhere. You askyour friencl: 7. Your friend is cold and the window is open. You askyour friend: 4Write sentenceswith shall 1... or shall we... and the words given. lrjon mondatokat a,,shall l" vagy ,,shallwe" szerkezettel! Vdlasszona megadott szavak kozul! go by plane/or by ship
where/meet
what music/listen to
help/you/with it
accompany/you
what/puton@gojogging/doaerobicsstay/heremake/onionsoup L Let's rvatch TU. Whkhthannelshollwe wotch? 2. Let's clo some sports. 3. I would like to mect you. 4. This bag is too hear,y 5. I don't know wherethe stationis. .............. 6. Let'sgo to NewYork.............. 7. Lct's listen to sorncmusic 8. I want to be pretry at the party 9. Would yor,rlike to eat something hot) 10. It's too lateto go home now: .......... 5 Translatefhe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. Ezt a cip6t nem vehetemrneg ebben a h6napban.Vedd csakmeg, majd dn adok kolcson pdnzt. 2. Ha nem akarok elkdsni, sietnem kell. Azt hiszem, inkdbb fogok egy ta-rit. 3. Ncm tudom, hogy kell haszndlni ezt a kamerdt.Majd dn megmutatom neked. 4. Meg rnindig nem irtem az angol igeid6ket. Ne agg6dj! Majd in elmagyardzomneked. 5. Firadt vagyok.Lefekszem. 6. ,,,Veliinkjdsszf",,Nem, itthon maradok." 7. Atadna r-rekiegy iizenetet) 8. Hatra l'razafogok irni. Megfgdrem. 9. Nem hiszem,hogy el fog jc;nni a buliba. 10. Fogadok,hogy itt lesz. I l. Ncrn vagl'olcbennebiztos, hogy valahais lduri fogom mdg. 12. ,,Ne feledl<ezz el a taldlkoz6nkr6l!",,Ne agg6dj,dn ott leszek!" I3. Szerintema kisbabaaz anyukdj{rafog hasonlftani. 14. Remdlemltmegyek a vizsgdn. 15. Az irocldbanfcleiterterna kulcsokat.Visszakell mennemdrtiik. 16. Hideg vm idekint. Visszamegyekegy pul6verdrt. 17. Ndzi v'.rlakia tivdtl Ha senki,lekapcsolom. 18. ,,F-eltudndl hivni holnap estef",,Rendben, hivni foglak." 19. Szereurdd,ha elmennik a gyerekekirtaz 6voddbafHagyd csak,majd dn drtiik megvek. 20. Flhesvagvf Mit egyiink vacsordraf 21. Meg nrdod csindlni egyedtil vagy segitsekl 22. Elmondjam neked, mit kell tennif 23. Hov'i utazzunk a ny'ironl 24. Maradjunk itthon vagy menjtink kiilfuldre) 25. Mit igyak| Tedt vagy k{vdt)
55
rruErrtes (it)Es lovo ro6nrvoNATKozo (when,aftel before...) tooHnrARozol
Ktru rzese u TIIEKMoNDAToK A kovetkez6 esetekben az eryszr-rii jov6 id6 (will) nem hasznrilhat6: l. Id6hatriroz6i melldkmondatokban, vagyis minden olyan melldkmondatban, ami a when - atnikor, after - miutdn, before - miel6tt, by the time - amikorra, amire, while - amig, as soon as - rnihelyt, until, till - amig nem, amig stb. kiit6sz6val kezd6dik.lov6 idejii drtelemben ezekben a melldkmondatokban az egyszeriijelen (SIMPLE PRESENT) vary a befejezett jelen id6 (PRESENT PERFECT) haszndlhat6. Csak Simple Present (dltal:ibanwhile ds before kot6szavakndl): Miel6tt lefekszem, mdg befejezem a l'i'zi feladatomat. BeforeI go to bed.,I will f.nish rny honcmork. While yoa a.re on holid.ay with your friend.s Amig te a bardtaiddalnyaralsz,addig dn I will benloneat honte. egyedill leszekotthon. Simple Present vagy Present Perfect (when*, after, until, ds as soon as kcjt6szavakndl): W will haw d.inneqwben werybod.yarrives Aid
$ Figletnnt A Present Perfect csak akkor haszndlhat6 a ,,when" kcit6sz6val, ha a cselekvdsekkciziitt el6idejiisig rill fenn. Ha kit esemdny egy id6ben krivetkezik be, csak a Simple Present haszndlhat6. Amikor mdr megfrtarn ahi,zi feladatot, vacsordzhatunk. Amikor a hrizi feladatot irom, oda fogok figyelni.
we can have Wen I haved.onethe horneworlz, d.inner onit. WhenI nryiternyhwnauork,I will cuncentrnte
2. l ov 6 id6re vonatkozi feltdteles melldkmondatokban. If yowd.oit, I will lenueyow. Shewill beveryhappyif yowgitteit to her
Ha ezt megteszed,el foglak hagyni. Nagyon boldog lesz,ha ezt odaadodneki.
$
Figyelernt
Hasonlitsa iissze a WHEN
ds az IF haszndlatdt!
When - amikor Akkor haszndljuk, ha olyan dologr6l beszdltink, ami biztos, hogy megtiirtdnik. I'rngotng to tlte cinemathis wening. Wen Igo to the cinema,I will call onyow.
Ma estemoziba megyek. (Ez biztos) Amikor megyek a moziba, felugrom hozzid.
56
rtruEzEsr veuErvoNDAToK reLrnrrrsrs tooHnrnnozot J0v6 ro6nrvoNATKozo If - ha Akkor haszndljuk, ha valami lehet, hogy bekcivetkezik, de mig egydltaftin nem biztos. I m.nygo to the cinerna tonight. If Igo, I will call on you.
Lehet, hogy moziba megyekrrraeste. Ha mcgyek, felugrorn hozzird
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Decidewhether the underlined parts aretime clauses.Dontseel, hogy az alShuzottmondatreszekkozil melyik iddhatdroz6imell€kmondat! of thesentence. . N0.lt'stheohiect 1. I don't know r,vhelI will arrivein Budapest 2. Shesaysshewill resignbeforesheis fired 3. They I'ravealreadydecidedwhen dreywill launchthe project. 4. Ur-rtilshe apologisesto me, I won't speakto her............. 5. lacob will inform you, as soon as he receivesthe details. 6. Could vou tell us when the IapaneseDartnerwifl sien the contractf................ partnerhassignedthc contract)................ 7. Could vou give rrsa ring when the Iapanese B. Do vou happento know when Timoth)' will cometo Hungary|................ 9. After you have receivedall d'renecessaryinformalien, pleasefinish dris report. I0. You will know what to do by the time i'ou get there 2Correct fhe sentences if it is necessary.Javitsa ki a mondatokat, ha szuksdges! l. When will ),ou go homel frrgft ... ... beforelhove 2. I will finish my homework before I will have dinner. Wrong. 3. I don't know when my son will marr), that girl. 4. What time do you get up tomorrow) 5. As soorras she will get her salary,shewill leavethe firm. ......... 6. Until my litde daughter has arrived home, I will be worried. 7. He will invite Susieto the parry,when he hasphonedher............. B. When ygryq to see Granny give her my regards. 9. By dre time Tom refilrns from America, we will have moved away.......... I0. I bet she will come here after she will read your letter. 3 Complete the sentenceswith when or if. Egeszitseki a mondatokat ,,when" vagy ,,if" kot6szavakkal! l. I think shewill arrive home today /f shecornes,I will take her to a restaurant. 2. I(athf is coming home tonight. ....... shearriveshome,I will invite her for a dinner. 3. He rnay call me later. .. . ..... he doesso, I will tell him that I am fed up with hirn. ...... he callsme, I will cancelour meeting. 4. Tim is going to give me a ring. 5. Judy is seeingthe dentist in the afternoon.I bet shewill faint ....... shegets there. She alwaysdoes. 6. . . . . .. . you help rne now, you can askme for anything. 7 . ... ..... yoLlhelp him crossdre road, hold his hand, becausehe can hardly seeanything. . he can seewho is ringing on his display B. I hope he will answerdre phone 9. . ... .... you put down the receiveragain,it will be the last time drat I have tried to help you. 10. ......... you pur down rhe receiver,don't forget to push the red button. It will set the answerphone. l L Switch off the radio . you aren't listening to it. 4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in simple future, simple present or present perfect. Sometimes both simple present and present perfect are correct. Egdszitsekia mondatokat a megadott igdkkel egyszer(ijov5, egyszer1 jebn vagy befejezett jelen iddben! N6ha mind az egyszer1 ielen, mind pedig a befejezett jelen helyes.
L I don't lcnow when shewillcall(call)me back. L.
Shehopeshe .,..
..... (send)her a postcard,when he ....
57
...... (get) there.
I
KIFEJEZESE FELTETELES €s to6HarRROzotvTLTETvONDATOK JOv6 ro6nr VONATKOZO
(leave) the classroom,don't forget to switch off the light. 3. When you .. (not/need) his help any more, why don't you tell himf 4. If you (finish) writing this book, he will start another one. 5. After John . .. (return) from New York" 6. You haven't told me when you . . . . ( d e c e i v em) e a g a i n . f e.... 7.I... . . . . . . . ( b " ) v e r y d i s a p p o i n t e dsi h (leave) you. 8. Tony will never go back to you after he . '... (geQ to know (be) very difficult to understandhim until you 9. It .. him well. ..... (give up) looking for the right woman,I am sureyou 10. As soon asyou .. (find) her. (pay) backher debts. I I. I wonder when she . .. (p"y) backmy debts. 12. I will be at easeonly if L... (be) old enough to retire. . . . ... (find) the right job, she 13. By the time she .. . (go) to seehim. 14. She will tell him the news when she ... (fail) the exam. (not/study) hard, you 15. If you 5 Choose the correct word or phrase from each pair underlined. Vdlassza ki az al6h0zott szavak 6s kifejez6sekkozill a helyeset! 1. fu soon as she wjL/Tg-ts Eomq she will phone her boyfriend. 2. When she will fulqh / has finishecl reading that book, she will start another one. 3. I don't know when Tony will arrive / arrives 4. When we have dinner / have had dinner, we will go out. 5. Before Cecil comes / has come home, I will clean the flat. 6. After he will water / has watered the plants, he will do / have done dre washing-up. 7. By dre time you return / have returned, we will have left. 8. When we clean / have cleanedthe cooker, we will use Mr Muscle. 6 Choose the correct answer. Sometimesmore than one answer is correct. Vdlasszaki a helyes megold{st! Valahol tobb megoldds is lehetsdges. I. Shewonders when her children
2. After we ..... A) will restrucrure C) restructure
... to her.
B) apologise D) aregoing to apologise
A) will apologise C) haveapologised
.... the whole department)we are going to take on new employees. B) have restructured D) will have restructured his notice.
3. AIan will travel overseasbefore he A) will receive C) wilt have received
B) received D) receives
4. I don't lanow exacdv when thev A) wili return C) return
B) are going to refilrn D) have returned
. the work until the boss .. our time doing nothing, we .... 5. If we . . . . .b a c k . B) will waste / don't finish / gets A) waste / won't finish / will get D) waste / won't finish / gets C) waste / don't finish / will get Translatefhe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! L Mihelyt al{riroda szerz6d€,st,utalni fogom a kdrt 6sszeget.Megigdrem. 2. Lefogadom, hogy meglep6dik, amikor megtudja, hogy teswdrek vagyunk.
58
J0v6 ro6nr voNATKozoFELTFTELES
59
(l S will be doing) F U T U RCEO N T I N U O U I6VO FOLYAMATOS I(EPZf,S: will be + ige + -ing Alfft,is: I you he she , rt we tnev
I
|
wlll
I
2L h
De worKrng.
|
Kdrdds:
will
| *",i$'n'n
I
beworkinsr
Thgadds: I you he she it we they
will
not (won't)
be working. l I
HASZNALAT I. Olyan cselekvdskifejezdsdre, amely a jov6 egy adott pillanatriban folyamatban lesz. |ellemz6 id6hatdrozok: at this time tomorrow, this time next year, this time next month, at 5 o'clock.
3L( m
(AD thi,stim.etomowowI will bed.oingrny honoeworh.
I I 'I
Holnap ilyenkor a hdzifeladatomatfogom irni.
2. Olyancselekvds kifejezdsdre, amely a jov6 egy adott id6-intervallumdban folyamatosan zailtni fog. |ellemz6 id6h*aroz6kz from 3 io 4, frornMonday to Friday, from morning till nlght. Reggelt6l estig kemdnyen fogok tanulni. Holnap hatt6l nyolcig torndszni fogok.
I will bestud1tnghnrd,frorn moming till night. I will bed.oingexercises Tornowow ftorn six to eigbt'
3. Olyan cselekvdskifejezesdre, amely a jiiv6ben hosszan tartani fog, { ezt hangsulyozni is szeretndnk. Gyakori hatdaoz6k: ali day tomorrow - holnap egdsznap, all next week - jciv6 hdten vdgig, all next year - jov6re egdszdvben.
f A .A 4 W jot
Jdv6 h6napban vdgig kemdnyenfogok dolgozni. I will beworhinghard'all next rnonth.
I
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES
(
below are right or wrong. Ndzze 1 Lookat Kate'sdiary for tomorrow and decideif the sentences igazakvagyhamisak! az Sllft6sok el, hogy programj|t, dontse majd Kate hotnapi meg
({
6. 30 - getup readthemorningPaPers 7.00- 7.20- havebreakfast, work by bus 7.25 go to 7.40- arriveat work 7.40- 7.50- readdrepost 7.50- 8.00- makephonecalls 8.00- seeandtalk to her boss 8.30- IL30 - work in the laboratory I1.30 - L2.30- havelunchwith a famousscientist centre 12.30- 13.30- showher guestaroundthe research in the laboratory I3.30 15.30 do experiments 16. 00 - leavework 16.30- 17.30- havea gameof tenniswith Richard 18.00- arrivehome
60
" srra l a
; 5 6 7 8 9 10
- Folyavnros FurunrcoNTrNuous lovo l. At 7.20 IQte will be sitting on the bus. Noshe won't. lhewillhegoing t0thebusstop. 2. From I'ralfpi-rstfour ro half pirst fivc she will be playingtenniswitl-rfuchard.Yes, shewill. 3. At 9.15 shewill be talkins to her boss 4. Shewill be workinq in the lab from 8.00 to 12.30. 5. At quarter to six she will be going home. 6. At five o'clock she will be doing experiments. 7. At one o'clock she will be having luncl'r.
2 Lookat Kate'sdiary again and makesentencesin the future continuoustense.Nezzemeg Kate holnapiprogramjlt, majd frjon mondatokatfolyamatosjov6 iddben! l . A t 7 . 1 5shewillhereading popers. themorning 2.4t7.35 3. Frorn8.00 to 8.30 4. At i0.00
5.At I2.00 B.At 5.15prn Q At ( 4(
rrrn
10.At 6.30 prn Perhaps 3 Lookat the given time expressionsand write down what you will be doing then. Ndzze meg a megadott id6pontokat es irja le, hogy mit fog csinSlniakkor! At dris time nexr year l'llbewotking osa habysitter in Rome. At 5 pm tornorrow Thistime nexr week Thistirne tomorrow At 6 am on Sunday At 10.30pm on Saturday 4Write senfences in the future continuous with the given verbs and adverbs. irjon folyamatos jov6 idejfi mondatokat a megadott igekkel 6s hat6rozokkall 1. She/stay/with/her/friends/all next week. Shewillbesloying wilhherfriends oll nextweek. 2. Ilwritel dtis booldall next year. 3. Iflhis daughter/beIlcornIheIphone/relativcs/all day 4. They/work/on/drelrew/project/all nexr month. 5. Tlr is time next month/lack /lie / in I tlteI sun/inlGreece. 6. At tlris tirne romorrow/youlsitlthe/exam. 7. This time next week/she/come/down/the/slopes/of/the/French/Alps. ............. 8. The Saint lupat/sail/towards/America/thistime nexr Sunday 5 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! L Az oszr'i,lyf6noknem tudja majd fogadni IQti anyukdj{t, mert aldcordpp orijalesz. 2. Holnap ilyenkor mdr javdban dolgozni fogok az aratison. 3. A f6nokom holnap ilyenkor m{r a Chinoinban fog t{rgyalni, ami aztjelenti, hogy ri, fogok drni. 4. Nem tudom majd felvenni a telefonq mert a kurydt fogom sdtdltatni. 5. Vasdrnaphatkor m{r a vonaron fogok iilni. 6. Jdv6 ilyen.korPiter mdr Chicagobanfog tanulni. 7. Mit csindlszI'rolnapod
61
(l will havedone) PERFECT FUTURE JOVO EZETT BEFEJ I(EPZES: will have + ige 3. alakja Allit,i*
I Yotrhc she I ruill I l',^u"worked.
It we
I(drdds: Will | I
I vou he she .'"* | lr we rney I
haveworkedl
HASZNALAT: I. Olyan cselekvdskifejezesdre, amely a jriv6 egy adott pillanatdra befejez6dilq lezirul. lellemz6 kot6szd: by the time. |ellemz6 hatirozik: by tomorrow, by this time next week, by this time next month' by this time next year stb. By tbe titne you return I will hnvef'nished' the report. By tomorrowI will have translated'the letter
bcfejezema jelentist. Mire visszajcissz, Holnapra le fogom forditani a levelet,
2. Olyan cselekvdskifejezdsdre, amely korribban elkezd6dcitt, a jov6 egy adott pillanatriban is folyamatosan zajlik, s6t mdg rz:utin is folyamatban lesz. Ha az igdnek van folyamatos alakja, akkor a Future Perfect Continuous-t kell haszndlni. Ld. Future Perfect Continuous. Jov6releszkdt dve,hogy hdzasok.
By this tirne next yenr they will bnve beenrnawied' for twoyenrs.
- FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 ReadJack and his friends' itinerary then complete the exercisebelow. l.Jsethe future perfect tense. Olvassael lack 6s bardtai utiterv|t, 6s eg1szitseki az al1bbi feladatot. Haszndliaa befejezett jov6 id6t! Next year Jacl
62
..... (reach). . . . ' . . . .( s e c ) . ...... (get).
- Brrarzrn r0v6 FurunrPERFECI
FNiT
lla
5. 81, 6" end of February 6. I3vApril 7.BvAugust...... B .B v l ) e c e m b e r . . . .
(leavefor). (arrive). . . . . . . .( t r a v e l a r o u n d ) . ........(gethome).
2 Look at the example and complete the sentences. Use the future pertect tense. A pdlda alapjdn egeszitse ki a mondatokat! Hasznilja a befejezett jovd id6t! 1. Kathy and John got married in 1999. By 2009 theywillhave beenmarried for ten years. 2.Tim lost his job two yearsago.By next year .. .... (b. unemployed) 3. I met Susannefive months ago. By next month .. (know) 4. It was love at first sight. By tomorrow he .. ... for five years. (be in love with me) 5. Sheilagot her presentjob last November.By lune ... (have) 6. My English friend came to Hungary three weeksago. By the end of next week . . . . . . . (. b e ) . 7. Jennygot a promotion elevenmonths ago. By the end of next month the managerof the company ....... (b.). 3 Read the requesfs or questions and react to them using the future pertect. Olvassa el a kdrddseket ds v1laszoljon befejezett jov6 idejfi mondatokkal! I. When can I get my book backf 2. I want you to do the translation right now 3. Youstill haven'tfinishedyour homework! 4. You should read the compulsory readings. 5. Why don't you move into your flatl 6. How much mone' do vou owe themt
Don't worryl By tomorrow I willhove senlil backto you. (sendback) Thkeit easyI . . it by noon. (translate) Relax.By the eveningI ...... ........it. (finish) By the end of the summer . . . . .. .. . . all of them. (read) The tenants are still living there but by next month they N;;;;.h. B;;;;..i.. my debtsbacl. (pay)
. 1::::l
....... all
4 Translatefhe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. Az dv vdgdretobb ezer ember fogja elolvasni a honlapunkat. 2. Holnap ilyenkorra mdr megkapod a csekket.Ne izgulj! Lesz el1.gpdnzed. 3. Negyed egyre befejezem^ fordrtdst, igdrem. 4. I(6s6 van. Mire a szinhizba driink, addigra biztosan elkezd6dik az el6adi^s. 5. Hdtf6re meghozom a dontist a fizetdsemeldsekkel kapcsolatban. 6. Mire holnap visszajcissz, befejezema takaritiist. 7.Iov6 hdten ilyenkorra mir megveszema koncertjegyeket. 8. A h6nap v€gdremindenki megkapja a felmonddsdt.Sajnoscigiink cs6dbement. 9. J6 Karolinnak. Decemberre korbevtazza Dil-Amerikrit. 10. Jov6re lesz ndgy ive, hogy Paul ds Edith ismerik egymdst. lL A pleryka szerint a szemllyzeaigazgato keddre donti el, hogy ki lesz az dj f6konyvel6. 12. Hfsv6tra mdr megveszema BMW-I. 13. Olyan forr6sdg van ma. A tavacskaahizad mellett augusztusraki fog szdradni. 14. A hfgom remdlhet6leg jov6 h6t vdgdre befejezi a lakds feltjitdsdt. Seg(teni fogok neki. 15. Vera pdntekrele fogja f6nymdsolnia n(.gyszizoldalasjelentdst,aldcoris, ha ez nem a feladata.
63
(l will have been doing) CONTINUOUS PERFECT FUTURE IOVO FOLYAMATOS EZETT BEFEJ I(EPZES: will have been * ige + -ing
Allit,is: I you he she it we they
will have
doing.
been
Thgadds: a Future Perfect tagad6 alakjdt' A Furure perfect continuous tagad6 alakja helyett gyakrabban haszndlj{k I you he sheit rve drey
wiil
will have not won't have
I you he she it we they
been
have been
doing.
doingl
HASZNALAI pillanatribanis folyar. olyan cselekvdslofejez,estre,am-etykorribban elkezd6dott, aiov6:gy 19"1t by this time next week' matosan zajlik rot -Jg anttinis foiyamatbanlesz. lellemz'| id6hatitoz6k: nem lehet folyamaigdnek az sf' by this time tomorr"*iU-V i.*t rnon.'h,-bynext y-earrbylriday f{a Perfect! tJs alakja, akkor a Future Perfect-etkelhaszndlni. Ld. Future |ov6 hdtenleszhdromdve,hogy itt dolgozom
$
BynextweehI witl bavebeenworhingherefor threeyears'
Firyetem! l o v 6 h d t e nl e s zh d r o md v e ,h o g y " '
= B ! n e x tw e e h '
f o r t h r e ye e a r s '
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES a megwith the givenwords in the future perfectcontinuous.irion mondatokat 1 Makesentences adott szavakkalbefeiezett folyamatosiov6 id6ben! for working heen yeorshe willhuve Bythistinenext I . By this time nextyear/she/work/for/this/company/for/5/years. forfiveyeors. thiscompony two years'""""' month/we/learn/Englisl,rfor 2. By r-rext years'""'"' forthree By 3. Iune/theyIgoIour-ltogether/ month' a forlaioblfor weekendflom/look 4. By the hours. five 5. By f2 o'clock/he/traveffor " " "' " " "' 6. By the time/you/come/home/I/slee-p/forlhours' days' three flatlfor 7. By tomorrow/Mum/clean/the or future 2 Completethe sentencesfollowing the exampleusing the future perfectcontinuous folyamatos a befeiezett Haszndlia petda alapian! ki a mondatokata perfect simple.Egeszitse jov6 vagy a befeiezettiovd id6t! l. How long haveyou beenwith Joef
going outtogethet been we willhove W.11,by 10'h]une (go out together,3 years) forthreeyeorc.
64
- Brraezrn torvaHlRros pERFECT tov6 FuruRE coNTrNuous .. (work, 5 years) 2. How long have you been working herel By next month . next term of By the beginning studying How long have you been 3. ([earn,for 6 months) Englishf . .... (playtennis,6 years) By January 4. How long has she been playing tennis) (be married, 15 years.) Yes.By then .. 5. Next month you will celebrateyour wedding anniversary ..... (teach,7 years) By next term . 6. Sincewhen haveyou been teachingl ..... (be 7 . H o w l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n t h e h e a d m a s tB e ry S e p t e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . the headmasterof this school, 4 months) of the grarnmar school) 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. lJse future perfect, future perfed continuous or future continuous. Tegye a z1rojelben megadott igeket befejezett jov6, befeiezett folyamatos jov6 vagy folyamatos jov6 id6be! (sleep). 1. When you come home, the children willbedeeping I ...... 2. Give me a ring on my mobile when you arrive,because (work) in the garden and won't hear the doorbell. ... (finish) all the taskshe has 3. By rhe time the bossreturns we .... given us. .. (sail) at Lake Balaton. 4. This time next week I (prepare) for the examsfor about a week. ....... By tomorrow she 5. all next week to lose some weight before (sweat) in the gym 6. Julia the beautycontest. ....... (reply) to all the letters. 7. By the afternoon dre secretary ... '. (write) the 8. By the time you arrive at school,the other pupils test-paperfor rwenry minutes. .. ...... (study) law at YaleUniversity for two years. 9. This rime nexr year I . (run) ten kilometres. i0. By 2 o'clockloe ... for thirty minutes. . . .. .. ..(rut)' . . . 11. Bi 2 o'clockloe . . . . . . . . . ( r u n ) 1 2 . A t 2 o ' c l o c kl o e . . . (run) all day long. 13. )oe . (translate)two dramas. 14. By next rveekSue ... ..(translate)dramasfor months. 15. By next week Sue ... ... (translate)a new English drama all next week. 16. Sue 4 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mandatokat! I. Szeptemberbenlesztiz €ve,hogy enndl a cdgndldolgozom. 2. Jov6 kedden lesz majdnem egy ive, hogy nem eszemidessiget. 3. E h6nap vigin mdr ot ive lesz, hogy angolul tanulok. 4. Augusztusbanlesz kit ive, hogy fizetem a mos6gip tcirleszt6rdszletit. 5. Jov6 kardcsonykor lesz hdrom ive, hogy John is Lilly jdrnak. Hdt nem repiil az id6l! 6. Jovlre lesz kit ive, hogy golfozok. 7. Decemberbenlesz tizenot ive, hogy a Macskdkat ji^tszik a szinhdzakban. 8. Dilre Pdter mdr tobb mint tiz 6ri^jafog vezemi.Messzevan innen Madrid. 9. Az 4v vigdn lesz egy ive, hogy matekot tan(t nektink Jani bdcsi. I0. Okt6ber 20-in lesz hdrom ive, hogy Budapestenlakom. lI. Aprilisban lesz hat dve, hogy anya?t "p" falun laknak. 12.Ez 6v vigire mdr ot dve lesz annak, hogy ezt a lakdstbireljiik. 13. Iov6 h6napban mdr hdrom ive lesz annak, hogy tang6zni tanulok. 14. Janurir elsejdnlesz hfsz ive, hogy Pisti nagypapdjaellen6rkint dolgozik a helyi jdratokon.
65
luNrTl
[c
(Tobe going to do) JOVOIDOSSZERKEZETEK KEPZES: to be going to + ige Atit,irt I
alTt
gorng to worl(.
He she it
IS
We vou they
are
soins to work. gong to wori(.
Th am He sheit We you drey
IS
are
not r-tot not
sorns to work. go ng to work
going to work.
I(drdis:
fun
Y I
soins to work)
Is
hc she it we you tney
goinq to workl golrlg to worKt
Are
HASZNALAT: l. Ezt a szerkezetetjiiv6beli terv vag'yer6s szdndik kifejezesdrehaszn{ljuk. 'Wbat areyougoing to dn ajler university?" "Irngoing to travel nbrond."
,,lr4itfogsz (akarsz)csindlniaz egyetemutdn)" " ,,Kiilfoldre fogok utazni.
2. Olyan jciv6beli cselekvdskifejezesdre, amelyr6l biztosan tudni, hogy be fog kcivetkezni, mert ennek szemmel ldthat6 jelei vannak. "Loohhow big Eue\ belly is." "She\going to havea baby."
,,Ndzd,Evdnakmilyen nagv a pocakja!" lesz." ,,Kisbabdja ,,Az a haj6 ldket kapott. ,,El fog stillyedni."
"Tbat shiphasgot a leah." "It'sgolng to sinh."
"
3. Mult idej(i alakja a,,was /were going to". |elentdt.t Ugy volt, hogy... . On Satwrd.aywe weregoing t0 pla.ytennis bwt it wasraining.
Szombaton fgy volt, hogy teniszeziink, de esettaz es6.
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES Answer the questions. Use to be going to. V6laszoljona k6rdesekrea ,,to be going to" szerkezet felhaszn6l6sdval! 1. Have you washedup the dishesyet) 2. Har,eyou typed drat letter yetf 3. Have you invited Pat to the partyl 4. Have you printed the conract) 5. Have 1'ouposteddre lenerl
(after lunch) Not yet. fmgoinglowoshlhemupoftulunch. (in the afternoon)Not yet. (tomorow) Not yet (just) .. (after work)
Write a question with going to for each situation. Tegyenfel kerddseket a ,,going to" felhaszn6lSslval minden egyes szitudci6ra! I. Your friend lrasjust come ollt of a travel agencyYou:rsk: (where/travel) Where to travello? ureyougoing
66
Jovo toos szERKEZETEK 2. L-r the street you meet your friend who is going shopping. You ask: (what/buy) 3. Your friend wants to use your phone. You ask: (who/phone) . 4. Your friend wants to give a party. You ask: (who/invite) car/bty) '......... (what kind of ask: new car. You wants to buy a 5. Yourfrier-rd (what/do with it) ..... ........ ask I'rim: You the street. some rnoney on 6. Your friend hasfound 3 Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use going to. Olvassael a szitudciokat 6s eg6szitse ki a dial6gusokat! Haszndlia a ,,going to" szerkezetet! L You want to study hard today, becauseyou are taking an exalrl tomorrow. YourMum: Could you help rnc widr dre clcaningdris afternoonl to study for my exam. You: I\n :rfi'iridnot. l'm going 2. You havesome problems with your weight and havedecidedto take up aerobics. Your doctor: You are a litde bit overweight.Why don't you do exercises? You: You are right. 3. You have an argurnent wid-r your colleagueand want to discussit with your boss. Your colleague:I don't think you are right. You:O.K. We will see............ 4. After leaving secondaryschool you would like to apply for admissionto the University of Economics. : F{avcyou decidedwhirt you would like to do after leavingschooll Your classmate You: Yes. 5. You have been lvorking for the samecompany for thirty years.Now you would like to retire and travel around the world. Your grandchildren: What are you going to do after you retire) You:Youwon't believcit but......... 4 Readthe situations and draw the conclusions. tJsegoing to. Olvassael a szitu6ciokat, es vonja le a kovetkeztetest! Haszndtljaa ,,going to" szerkezetet! l. Your best frienclsally hasdevelopeda bellv (havea baby) Sfieisgoingtohoveobahy. 2. Your colleagueis alw'.lyslate, and your bossis very angry about it. Warn your friend. (fire) The boss 3. Mary' is cookinp;something deliciousand ]ack is putting out platesfor ten people. (l'raveguests) They.......... (sneeze) He............. takenout a handkerchief. 4. Tom hassudder-rly 5. There is a big draught in dris room. (slam) The door 6. The skiesare grey and the temperafirreis rrboutzero. (snow) 7. I.ook at the wings of that plane.They areon fire. (crash)Mv God, it............... (fail) He...".....". 8. One of dre studentsdidn't write anydringon the test-paper. 5 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. I(t fogsz meghivni a szombati sziilinapi bulidra) 2. Megfogsz fdzri kabdt ndlkiil ilyen es6sid6ben. 3. Nem fogok r6sztvenni ezena szemindriumon.Olyan unalmas. 4. Mcg akarodenni az egdsztortdtl H.{nyingeredlesz. 5. Bebomlt az dg. Mindjdrt esnifog. 6. Vettern tapdt{t, mert hdtvdgdr-rkitapdtdzom a nagysziileim hdz'it. 7. Ma cstecl fogorn mondani a firjemnek, hogv elbocsdtottak. 8. Mariann ds Pdter 6sszefognak hdzasodnia nydron.Mir a gldrfket is rnegvendk. 9. Le fogsz esni a fdr6l, ha nem vigyirzoll 10. Uristen! Az a r€szegmindjdrt a vonat ald esik.Mit keresez ottl 1I. N4aeste beszdlni fogok a f6nold<elaz el6l6.pterdsernr6l. 12. Ndzcl! )ancsi rnindjdrt mcgcs6koljaJulislcdt. 13. Mcg fognak fiLznia virdgairn a kertemben, amiket tegnap iiltettem. Olyan hideg van most ldnt. 14. A kicsi Lillv azt mor-rdia.balerinalesz. 15. f,va nern fogj,r mcgldtogatni Etelkit a k6rl'rdzban.Nem szercti6t.
67
CTO N T I N U O U S SIMPLP E R E S E NPTR, E S E N (with future meaning)versus , B EG O I N GT O S I M P LF EU T U RTEO I. SIMPLE PRESENT - Egyszer(ijelen Ha valamilyen menetrendszerfidologr6l (vonat, repti{6, busz induldsa, drkezdse),programr6l (pl. rddi6-, TV-m(isor, mozimiisor), boltok, mrizeumok nyiwatartiisiir6l, egydbprogramok kezddsdnek j elen id6t haszndlunk. 6s befejezdsdnek id6pontj dr6l beszeliink, egysz,edi
2 y tr h
yowr busleave? When d.oes Theplnne land; nt 7 orn. The train lenvesin f.ve rninutes. thef.lrn start? When d.oes The sbowf.nishes at B. The shopopensfl,t 6. The rneetingstnrtsa,t l0 am.
Mikor indul a buszodl A reoiil6 7-kor 6rkezik. A vonat ot perc mrilva indul. Mikor kezd6dik a fiImf A shownak 8-kor van vige. A bolt 6-kor nyit. Az lrtekezlet lO-kor kezd6dik.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Folyamatosjelen ds elrendeztiink. Olyan jciv6beli cselekvdskifejezrsdrehaszndljuk,amit el6re megszervezti.i'nk Itm Prn notfree t0m0w0wnftencoon,because Holnap ddlut{n nem drek rd, mert plnying tennis with Sue. Zsuzsival fogok teniszezni. (Nyilvdn eztmdr Zsuzsi is tudja, hiszen kordbban egyeztettemvele.) 3. TO BE GOING TO kontra PRESENT CONTINUOUS hasznriljuk, amit a jciv6ben szeretn6nk v(ghez vinni (hatrirozott szind6' Olyan cselekvdsL
Most miir elegem van mindenb6l. Bemegyeka f6ncikomhoz, ds beszdlnifogok vele.
(Err6l a f6nok nem val6szinrl, hogy tud, csak dn szeretnik mdr v6gre beszdlnivele, aldcoris, ha 6 nem akarja,vagynem dr rd. Meg fogom kisirelni.) Most beszdltemmeg egy id6pontot a fbncildcel. Ive just fixed"an appointmentwith rny bos,I'w't' seeinghim onMond'ay. Hdtf6n talilkozni fogok vele. (Itt egyel6remegbes#h talilkozorol van sz6.Bl6rc gondoskodtam'an6l,hogyuatalilkozo mindenkdppenmegval6suljon,Tehdta ffinokkel is el6rc egyeztettem.Ilyenkor rilaliban mdr egy konkrit id6pontot is megadunk.)
E Y Fr Yc Fr Yc Fr Yo thr Fri Yo Fri Yo (8) Fri Yo Fr'
3 Put me9
1." fi 2.8 3.7 (f 4. ". th
(il
- FEADATOK EXERCISES
5.r
1 Completefhe senfenceswith oneof the verbsbelow.Egeszitseki a mondatokata megadott igekkel!
6.1 7.O
open leave
arrive
land
tast
start (2x) 68
finish
(tt (n
pREsrrur, To StvpLrrurunr,To ee GoING PRrsrnrcoNTtNuous, SrHrrplr "About two hours. It ........ (start) at 8 o'clock and l. "How long does the film /osfl" . . . . . ( f i n i s h )9 . 5 0 . " ........1 2. Do you know when the museulns .... at Il am. meeting forget that the 3. Don't "Sure. *Will . . -. . . . ..f " your plane .. does airport)" When 4. you meet me at the .... in five minutes. 5. Hurry up! Your train . in Londonf 6. Do you know when the bus ... 2 Your friend wants to fix an appointment with you. Look at your diary for next week and explain to him why you can't meet. A bar{tja id6ponot szeretneegyeztetni. Ndzze meg a naploi1t a iovS hetre es magyardzza el miert nem tudnak tal1lkozni! Monday
Tresday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
r2,30
3pm Engltsh lesson 6pndinner wilh o businus
'f'luktill 6.30 7pm hncertwtth llun
4pm meel hoss 6,30Gyn
hweln l/ienns
Relax
wtth lunch ny nother-inlow
wilh Lunch hrry 6.30pm Aerobks
potlnel
Friend: When can we get together to discussa few thingsf (you/do) anythrng at 5 Pm on Thursdayl You: Well, let me ger my diary... Let me see. (I) Areyoudaing Friend: No, I can't make it. But are you free on Monday eveningf You: I'm sorry Nick, but on Monday eveningI (2)... Friend: And what about lunchtimef You:On Monday I (3).. Friend: Well, is Wednesdayany good for youf and in You: I'm afraid Wednesdayis no good either.I (4).. the evening(5).... Friend: Are you free at about 4 pm on Thursday afternoonf You:I'm afraidnot. (6).... Friend: Well, we have only Friday left. . . How about SaturdayfI'm not You: On Friday (7).... (B).... ...then. Friend: Sarurdayis Saturday I've promised my family to stay at home. Maybe Sunday) You: On SundayI (9).. Friend: Well, it looks like the week after next then. 3 Put the verb into the suitable form, present continuous or present simple. Tegyeaz igdket a megfelel6 alakba, folyamatos ielen vagy egyszer1 ielen id6be! ........ (go) to the cinema.Thereis a new (you/go) tonightf" *L.... 1. "Where oreyougoing "When (the fihn/begin)f" film on." ... (th. bus/get)to Brightonl 2. Excuseme. What time . ... (open) on 5'hNovember and 3. The trade fair (finish) on I" December. "No, whyl" "I havetwo ticketsfor (you/do) anything this evening)" 4. u... "Yes,but whe.n . the Christmas concert. Would you like to come with mel" " "At (it/start)f six o'clock." .... (takeofl at 8.30 am. (fty) ro New Yorknext week.The plane. I ....... 5. ... (itlfinish)f ..... 6. I think this fihn is horrible. When ...... (come) to our headquarters.He . 7. Our businesspartner (land) at 14.15. I .'.... (travel) by plane and his plane .. (rneet) him at dre airport.
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pnrsrrur, To coNTtNuous, Stlprr rutuRE,To er GotNG PResrNr SrH,lptr ....... (yot/go)f" "I 8. "Where "Is lecture." she the lecturer todayl When "At 5 o'clock. ..... (you/come) with mef"
(go) to Mrs Marple's ...... (the lecture/begin)f"
4 Which is correct? Cross out the wrong answer. Melyik helyes? A helytelen vAlaszt h(tzza 5t! I. 6 o'clock is no good for me. I'm meeting / I'll meet mv collcaguedren. "Don't worry! I'm taking take you in my car." 2. "I don't know how to get there." )rou / I'll "Yes, "I'll that's OK." 3. meet you / I'm meeting you outside the restaurant.Ali rightf" 4. Don't forget, you are taking / )'ou will take the children to the parry tonight. 5. What time does your train leave / will )'our train leave tonightl 6. "A promise is a promise." "Take it easy I'll keep my word / I'm keePing my word." 7. I don't know what to do today I think I am washing / I'll wash my car. B. "Remember to buy some bread too."''OK. I won't forget / don't forget." 9. I usually stav at home in the eveningsbut today I'm going out / I'[l go out. "Yes,we'll travel we are travelling to Spain." 10. "Flave you decided where to go on holiday)" / 11. "I hooe I will pass/ I'm passinsthe exam." 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future tense. Tegyeaz iget a megfelelS iov6 id6be! I . I feel thirsry I think lwillhave(have) a pint of Guinness. 2 . A: How about Dublinl . (fly) from Ferihegy on the last flight tomorrow morning. B; Everyrhing is arranged. I.. 3 . A: You do not seem to be very h"ppy with ]ohn. .. .. . (leave)him assoon asI get a new flat. B: No, in fact l .. . . .... 4. I havea lot to do. MaybeL.. . ............ .. .. ....(tot I go) afterall. Sorry 5 . A: What time do we have to be at the bus stationl ..(leave)at 11.50. B: Well, the coach 6 . A: Look at fhe leaveson dre tree. They are all brown. .. . ... . .. (fall off) soon. B: They .(she / still / live) in Berlin in ten year's timel 7 . Do you think . . (spend) 8 . Mary is in New York. She loves shopping and spendingmoney She . ... all her money by the end of this holiday . (fly) to Chicago. 9. Next month I ... ... I0. A: Are you still doing the laundryf When will you finish itl . (finish) with the laundry B: When you come back from your work I . .. .... Il. Someoneis at the door. .......(you / answer)it, pleasef 12. A: When ........(Tom/ arrive)l B: Maybe he .. . .. . . .. . . ..(g.t here)for dinner. .(work) for this companyfor 10 years. 13. By this time next mondr I ...... .. (arrive) soon. 14. Hurry up! I'm sure that our guests 15. What time ... ..,.(dr. lastplane/ be due) to land) ....(buy) a farm in the near future. 16. The /acksons 17. Bono .(be) a2 in May IB. Michael and Paul 19. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ( /I s w i t c ho n ) t h e l i g h t l 6 Choose the correct answer Vdlasszaki a helyes megolddst! L When doeslheroorfrleave I A) does dre coach leave 2. The guests A) arrive 3. The managers A) are holding
B) is the coach leaving at 7 p.m. B) are arriving ..... a meeting tomorro\M B) hold
70
7n
I I I 1 I, ll
Ir
t '
1 1 2( 2) 2t zi a/
LA
25 2C 27 28 29 30 31
32 33 34 cc
To To sr GoiNG StvprrruruRe, SrvplrpRrsrnr,PnrsrxrcoNTrNuous, 4. What . . . . . . . a t t h e partyl B) are vou wc:.lnng A) are you going to wear
5. I will give her a bunch of flowers when she A) retums B) will retunr 6. I don't expectthey .. A) get
...... herebeforeuoort. R) will gct
7. What ... give him for his birdrdayf B) are vou goir-rgto A) will y'ou "I "I a drermomcterfor you." 8. think I have a ternperatLrre." B) will get A) .n getting 9. Granny A) rnakes 10. As soonasI ...... A) will translate
strawberrycakefor the parry B) is going to make ...... dristext,I'll havea cup of coffee. B) havctranslated
7 Translatethe following sentences. Forditsa le a kovetkezd mondatokat! 1. Jov6releszot 6r'e,hogy Jimrny kerndnyeniszik. 2. Holnap a British Muscumba megvek.Nincs kedvedvelemjonnil 3. Ennyi pdnz aligha lesz elegend6 egy ilyen hosszirftra. 4. - Akkor holnap estehadcor az dlladcertel6tt taldlkozunk. - Ok, de ne kdis el, mert nem vdrlakmeg! 5. Biztosraveszerrr,hogy tetszenifog neki ez a Gucci napszemiiveg. 6. Mdjusbanleszkdt dve,l-rogyMoniczrds Brian haragbanvannak. 7. Ne hivj 8 ds 9 kozott. Reggeliznifogunk:rkkor. B. Ne idegeskedj!lO-kor mdr el is r(rzok. 9. Mihelyt egy kis id6t rudok szakftanird, meg fogom ldtogatniMari ndnit. I0. Ma elmegyiink az ij ir soroz6be.Eljosszveliink) I l. Szerintedot dv mrilva is mdg mindig az egyetemenfogok dolgoznil 12. Holnap Visegr{dra rnegyekkir{ndulli. I3. A ndrnetvenddgeinkaugusztusmdsodikfeldbenldtogatnakmeg minket. i4. Mi lesz,ha az aut6m nem megy dt a mfiszakivizsg{nl 15. Nem tudom, hogy jov6re mil'rezfogok kezdeni. f6. Mdg nem tudom, hogy holntrp rni fog tortdmi a munkahelyemen.9-re rigyis megnrdorn. 17. Jov6 nyiirra tal{n befejezzil<'ahiz(pitdst. Mrir alig v'irom! 18. A BUX index roharnosanesni fog. 19. Most mdr tuti, llogy nem veszemmeg ezt a farmert. 20. Mi lesz.ha hdrorn dv mrilva sem leszkisbab{rnl 21. Bev'is:irl'isutdn megiszunk egy j6 kis capuccin6ta kedverrckdvdh{zunkban.Rendbenf 22. Li,.dtatodmennyi festdketvettern.Valamikora jov6 hdtenkifcstema hdl6szob'im. 23. Mikor kell a reptdrredrninkl A gdp 7.20-kor indul a terminal l-161. 24. llizom abban, hogv nagy keresletleszaz /rj termdkiinkrq. 25. Urister-r.Az a kamion eltiti azt a kisgyereket! 26. Segiteneegy pillanatraf Nem drem el azt a polcot. 27. Jov6re ilyenkor mdr /amaikdn fogok siid
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USEDTO,WOULD VALAHA
3
KEPZES:
Auit,is, Valahal<6rtyirzatt.
He used.to plny card.s.
Kdrdds: Valaha kdrrtyizottl
Did. he useto pln! card;?
Thgadris: R6gen nem kdrrydzott.
He d.id.n'tuseto pla.yca'rd.s.
4
HASZNAI,AI: I. Olyan cselekvds lofejezis&e, amelyet a multban (valaha) rendszeresen vdgezriink, de milr felhagytunk vele. Az irodalmi nyelvben a ,,used to" helyett, ilyen drtelemben, gyakran haszndljdk a ,,would' segddigdt. Valahaminden reggel futni jdrtam. Minden reggel kiment a tengerhez.
togo rwnning mery rnoming. I wsed. Etery rnorning he wowld'goto the sea.
* FEADATOK EXERCISES Follow the example.Alkossonkdrd6 6s tagadomonda1 Make questionsand negative sentences. tokat a pdlda alapj1n! lo smoke. tosnoke? I didn'luse I. I usedto smoke.Didyouuse 2. Sheilausedto work abroad............... a lot. .......... 3. Weusedto playbaseball 4. JackandTom usedto be friends. 5. Paulusedto havea lot of pets. 6. Theyusedto earna lot of money...........,...
(
I
(
5n
2 Connectthe clausesso that they makesense.Kosseosszea tagmondatokat! t. 2.lerryusedto befat .., 3. I didn't use to eat cheese... 4. Peterused to be a heavysmoker ... 5. Sheusedto be poor ... 6. They didn't use to go to the swimming pool ...
l. 2. 3. 4.
. . . but now he smokesonly one or two cigarettesa day ... but he is slim now ... but now I like it a lot. ... but now they go there every Sunday
5....@ 6. ... but now she has a lot of money
stay at honenow. I . Weused togoto thecinema u lothutwerolher 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
72
t; I t. 1 1 1 L( Y 1t 19 2C
Usro ro, woulD - VnlqHR 3 Complete the sentences with used to and a suitable word. Egdszitseki a mondatokat a ,,used to"-val 6s egy megfelel6 igevel! to hove o corbut he sold it becauseit consumedtoo much petrol. I. Terence used a flat but now I havea flat of my own. 2. When I was a studentI ...... day but now she prefersdoing aerobics. ...... running every 3. Sharon centre but it was pulled down. in the ciry a clock tower 4. There studentl a were university a lot wher-r .. out 5. . .. . . vou ..... meat but lasl yearwe stoppedbeing vegetarians. 6. We . ... a lot of coffeebut shehad high blood pressureso she gaveit up. 7. She ...... stamps. B. When I wasa child I 4 Compare what these people said someyears ago and what they say now. Hasonlitsaosszemit mondtak a kovetkez6 szemdlyek nehAny 6wel ezel6tt 6s mit mondanak most!
NOW "I "I sufferfrom diabetesso I can'teatany sweets." l. Peter: eat a lot of ice-cream." I suffer fromdiobetes. nowhecouse butI cun'teutonysweels to eoto lotof ice-creom I used SOME YEARS AGO
2. Torn: "I am sinqle."
"I'm married with rwo children."
3. Jack:"I earn a lot of money at the company"
"IJnfortunately my firm hasgone bankrupt so I'rn unemploved."
4. Sue:"I'm overweight."
"I do spors regularlyand I'm about dre right weight."
5. Pamela:"I'm betr.l'eeniobs."
"I rvork for a well-known multinational cotnpany"
6. Tina: "I havea big house."
"I live in a flat now
7. Patsv:"I never watch TV'
"I'm on sick leaveso I watch TV a lot."
B. I(ate: "I don't have a favouriteTV program."
"I alwayswatch CNN news."
9. Tim; "I don't drink coffee."
"I havelow blood pressureso I havea cup of coffeeeverymorning."
Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. Valahaszerettem6t. 2. R6ger-rrendszeresenjdrtunk szinhizba. 3. Az embereknekrdgennem volt mobiltelefonjuk. 4. Gyereld
73
TO BETO, TO BEABOUTTO, TO BE DUETO KEPZES: Alfft,is: A vonatnak od
The trnin is to nwive at 5. The *win wd; to aryipe nt 5. Weare obowt to leave. W wereabowtto leave. The bwsis d.weto leaw at B. The buswasd.weto lenveat B.
I(ird6s: Otkor kell a vonatnak meeirkeznief Ugy volt, hogy a vonat odcor drkezikl ppp indulni akartokl Epp indulni akartatokl Nyolckor kell a busznak indulniaf Nyolckor kellett a busznak indulnia|
at 5? k the trnin to a.rry"ive Wasthe wain to arripe at 5? Are yowabout to leave? Wre yowabowtto leave? Is the bwsd.weto leoveat B? Wasthe bwsd.weto leaveat B?
Thgadds: A vonamak nem otkor kell megirkeznie. Ugy volt, hogy a vonat nem od
The train is not to nwive at 5. The nwin wasnot to arrive nt 5. W are not abowttogo nnywhere. W were not abowt togo anywhere. The bwsis not d.weto leaveat B. The bwswa,snot d.weto leaveat B.
3T
HASZNALAI: I. TO BB TO / NOT TO = kell, kellene, fgy van, hogy... / nem kell, nem kdne, nem szabad I aru toget tbereby eight. 'bw wereto corueby cnr. hu are not to usea cheatsheet.
Nyolcra keli odadrnem. Ugy volt, hogy kocsival jottok. Nem kdne puskdznod.
2. TO BE ABOUT TO / NOT ABOUT TO = az,orrvarr\hogy.../ 6pp csindlni akar valamit ppp hivni akartalak. Epp indulni kdsziilok. Most 6pp semmit sem szindikozom csindlni.
I wnsnbout to call yow. I'rn abowt to leaye. ['no not abowt to dn anythr,ng.
3. TO BE DUE TO I NOT DUB TO = kell, valaminek menetrendsz.er(ien be kell kcivetkeznie The train is d.weto leaveat 7. The bwsis d,weto awite toruowow.
A vonatnak hddcor van az induldsi ideje. A busznak holnap kell megdrkeznie.
- FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Transformthe underlined partsof the sentencesusing to be to. Alakitsa6t a mondatokal6huzott rdszdta ,,to be to" szerkezetfelhaszndlSs1val! L We plannedto headfor Americabut we changedour mind. Wewere to head for Anerica hutwechanged ournind. 2. If evervthinssoesrisht. the teamwill arriveat the destinationat 6 o'clocksharD. 3. If she missedthe bus, what shall we do)
74
4
4Ct
Ec
t 2 3 /l ?
5
5 Tr
To eero,Toseneoulro,Toeeouero 4. The rnoney should be transferred this morning. 5. Tl-reysllould have landed at 5, but due to bad weather conditions they didn't. 6. We should meet the delegationat the airport at 5.45. 7. iack and Iill should have phoned us before leaving for Lor-rdon.
Transformthe underlined partsof the senfencesusing to be about to. Alakitsa5t az alShuzott reszeketa ,,to be about to" felhaszn1lSsdval! rong. when thephone oboul tolesve to leavewhen the phone rang.Wewere l. We r.r,anred 2. The),lr'antedto phoneBill, when he suddenlyturncd up. 3. Iack wanted to get on d-rebus, when somebodypatted his shoulder. 4. Monica wanted to tell him her secret,when an earthquakeshook the house. 5. Iim wanted to get into the lift, when the lights went out due to a Power cut. 6. His parentswanted to call dre police, when he arrived home.
a ,,tobedueto" felhaszn5lSsSval! 5t a mondatokat usingto be due to. Alakitsa 3 Transform thesentences ut6. isduetoleove L Tlre train leavesat 6. Thetroin 2.The bus arrivesat 5.30. 3. Our flight takesoff at 4.25. 4. The |acksonsshould arrivetomorrow........... 5. The delegationis arriving at 10 o'clock tomorrow. 4 Complete the sentences. Use the appropriate form of to be to, to be about to, to be due to. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a ,,to be to", ,,to be about to", ,,to be due to" megfelelS alaki1val! "I wosoboul logo(go) when my son broke his nose." l. "Why dicln't you come to the parry)" "At "When ....... (arrive)at 6.30." about 6.45. Her bus ... will sheget herel" 2. .... (save)the file when the comPuterbroke down. 3. She ..... (g.t) to the airport soon. 4. Our delegation (enter) there.Can't you seethe noticewhich says'No entry"f ....... 5. You 5 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Maradjatok csendben!Mindjdrt kezd6dik a film. 2.Ugy volt, hogy a fErjivel megy Olaszorszigba. 3. Mdr dpp indulni akartam,amikor megsz6lalta telefon. 4. A vonatnakhit 6rakor van itt az drkezisi ideje. 5. A gipr-rek4.30-kor kellett volna felszdllnia,de a kcid miatt mig mindig nem szdlltfel. 6. A sas6pp le akart csapni a zsdkmdnydra,amikor az orvvadisz lel6tte. 7 ggy voti nogy n el6i&i^srszabadtdriszinhazbant"njq, de rosszid6 ""1T l.prggramot elhalasztottdk. S. Ub volt, hogy a Boeing 747-es jiratitval utazunk, de biztonsdgi okokb6l a jdratot tcjrciltdk. 9 Epp neki akart ldtni a munkdnak, amikor a felesige beldpett. 10. Epp le akart iilni, amikor valaki kopogtatott. It. Mjr dpp el akartam hagyni az dffermet, amlkor megdrkezett,^z az ember, akire vdrtam. 12. Epp be-akarta csukni az ablakot, amikor hallotta, hogy valaki segitsdgirt kidlt. 13. A program szerint az el6adis 8.20-kor kezd6dik. 14. Epp ki akartakapcsolni a tdvdt, amikor a hirad6ban megldtta a felesige aut6jat.
75
T E N S EM SI X E D I G E I O 6V TE G Y E S E N
;
- FEADATOK EXERCISES l Putthe sentencegivenintothedifferent tenses.Thenamesof the fenses andthenecessary adverbs are given. Tegye a kovetkez6 mondatokat a megadott igeid6be, a megadott hatdrozo vagy hatd rozosz6 felhasznSlSsdvaI ! I wrin lettar/three letters. in theevenings. L. Si.lnplePresent- letters/rarety/in the evenings I rarelywrileletters - a letter/atthe moment................ 2. PresentContinuous 3. SNlnplePast - three letters/ast week - letters/from5 to 6 ............... 4. PastContinuows 5 . PresentPerfttt three letters/so far ........ 6. PresentPerfectContinuzas - letters/for two hours 7. PastPerfecf- three letters/by the time the meeting started 8. PnstPerfectCont'inuows- letters/for an hour/by the time they arrived 9. SirnpleFuture - letters to you/when I am in America I0. FwtwreCont'inwous- letters/when vou come home Ll. FutwrePerfect- three letters/by the time you arrive L2. R'tture PerfectContinuous- by the time you arrive/ettersfor an hour .........
4Pt
13. Tobegoingto - lettersfafter I arrivehome ........ 14. Used. to - a Iot of letters/when I wasa child........ 2 Write two or three sentenceswith the given words, so that fhe use of fensesis correct and the sentencesmakesense.Translatethem io.see the differencein meaning.irjon kdt-hdrommondatot a megadott szavakkalugy, hogy a mondatok 6rtelmesek6s nyelvtanilag helyeseklegyenek! Fordftsale 6ket, hogy l6ssaa jelentdsbelik0lonbs6get!
= Kdt6ve6'lnek n. I. They/ive/hereifor_6r4q_re.h A lheyhove lived / hovehen livinghueforlwoyeors.
= K6t6vig6hekitt. B They livedhere fortwoyeors. 2.Ilplaylternislx 5J with Jack.A B C 3. we/ive/here/qineg/199.5.. A B. 4. Bv next vear/she/learn/Enslish/for 2 vears. A B 5. I/ook after/my/sister's/childrenlf:om 5 to.J-. A B 6. She/not/be/atAomefor two weeks. A B 7. How lone/you/live/there|A B C 8. B)' six o'clock/she/finish/it.A B 9. By the time /she/getlhome/they/leave. A
B I 0. When/sheI arfive/Iftie/ in/ thelbath/tub.A B I I. When/shelarrleftflie/inlthelba.t/tubfor one hour. A
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vtxeo- lceto6rvEGYESEN Trrusrs 3 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Tegyea zarojelben levd igeket a megfelel5 igeid6be! (finish) my exam. ). By four o'clock tomorrow I willhovefinished . . (you I everI hear) of anything like that beforef 2. .. ... . (send)my book next week. They've promisedit. 3. Monica and Brial (not see)Kate this month. 4. | ... (know) him sincethe lastPartyat Kate's. ...... 5. I ... ... (*t) all day 6. I am verytired; I ...... ..... (leave) beforeCollie returned. 7 . They ' ' (recognize)mel B. Do you think that he .... '.. (see)eachother' ..... (b.) ill sincewe last 9. lirn ' '. (have)somethingto eat. 10. I feelhungrir I think I ...... (you / play tennis)f I I. How long .. (yon / like) about rock musicf 12. Wl-rat ...... (knock) at the door. (l-rave a bath) when someone 13. I . last summer. Killarney in cottage an old (b"y) .... 14. Susanand Ron suddenly up woke he for a while, (sleep) .. 15. After Tom . ........(do)our homeworkat 5 pm tomorrow 16. We (be) in Galway for l0 years. 17. By lst DecemberRon and Mary ... (divorce)your husband. lB. I i
l:::1,ffifi il,il:'J:l';"j'fi:
. ... . . .. (shoot) the air-hostesses, /J M Marks: Hijacked./
ffT;TI; ii,lii,ii; I'l'":'l
5 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. Nyolc h6napjavan bortonben. 2. N1'olch6napig volt bortonben. 3. Hdd
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(must,'can, could...) VERBS MODAL
E)
M6peru sEGEolcEr
1
I PAPT 1 TO BE ABLE TO = Kdpesvalamire mflt, Hasznritrhatjukegyszerffjelen, egysr,eriT egyszerii jov6, befejezett j elen ds befejezrtt
CAN = Kdpes valamire Csak egyszerfijelen 6s egyszerffmult id6ben hasznflhat6.
mult id6ben is. Meg tudom csindlni. Meg tudtam csindlni. Meg tudom majd csinrilni. Egyszermdr meg tudtam csindlni. Meg tudtam csindlni, miel6tt megdrkeztek.
Meg tudom csindlni I candnit. Meg tudtam csinrilni. I cowld. dnit.
I am,able to dn it. I wa,sable to dn it. I will beable to d,oit. I hattebeenoble to dn it hrrce. I had.beenable to dn it beforetheya:vrived..
Erzekelist ktfejezfi igdkkel 6s egyesmentrflis tevdkenysCg et krfejeztr igdkkel, jelen ds rnult id6ben, mindig a CAN-I Csmult idejff alakjrit a COULD-oI hasznriljuk. Litomazt. Hallom azt. E u . (valaminek a szagit, illatdt) Emldkszem r:i. Megirtem 6t.
I can seeit I can hear it. I can srnellit.
Littamazt. Hallottam azt. E "rte^^"t.
I could.seeit. I could.hearit. I nuld.smellit.
Bmldkeztem. Meg tudtam drteni.
I cowld.rememberit. I cowld.und.erstoild'him'.
2R 6
l
I can rernanber it. I can wnderstand.hirn.
I t \
$ p;grytt*t A,can" segedige mds moddlis segddige utdn egydltaldn nem haszndlhatd, mig a rrto be able to" dllhat m:is m6dbeli seg6digik utrin is (kivdve a,,can, could, could have" segddig6ket). M6dbeli segddigE minden olyan ige k
3G m
h
He ma,ybeable t0 dn it. IIe mast beable to dn it. / He has to beable to dn it. IIe rw,tstbeable to da i't. He would beable to dn it. He showld'beable to dn it. to beable t0 dn it. Ii{e wsed. WAS/WERE ABLE TO = Egy bizonyos . hel;zetben sikeriilt valamit megcsinrilni. (managed to do) Senki nem z var\ igy sikeriilt befejeznem a munkrit. Nobod.yd.istwrbed. me soI was able to fni'sh rny wuk.
$ rhletenot
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4Ca we
t.
A tagad6 alak a mondat jelentdsdt6l fiiggedeniil, mindkdt esetbenlehet a COULDN'f, sen a rrwasn3t/weren'table tott is ldtezik.
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Tbrmdszete-
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MooarlrsrcrotcEx
- FELADATOK EXERCISES l Completethe sentencesusing can or to be ableto. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a,,can" 6sa,,to be able to" segddigek felhaszndl1sdval! 1. Ann can speal
E'grisr.r ;"JJiii..;;u""ui.,"J..i *'"rJiL.;; ;. ;i" tospeak i ;;" ill ;;;.;;";;;;irn-g' ,r"'"ii flr,reltly and I would like to be .ableto ski urd so on. And youf What would you like to be able to dol
il;
beabrc il;.. ;;; ; i;; ;;,h;"g',r'"li n";";;"; ;"; ;i; ;; ;. il ; ;;;;; ;i"r. ir'",r wiilevcr
to. I haveneverbeenableto climb a rope and I've neverbeenablcto standon my hands.How aboutyoul What havevou never been able to dol
ki a 3 Completethe sentenceswith canI can't I could I couldn't + one of thesewords. Eg1szitse 6s a megadottigekkel! .oridutokut a ,,canI can't / could/ couldn't" segedigekkel hear
smell
see
understand recognize
remember
swim
learn
1. I think somebody is knocking at the door. (onyou heorit? "Yes,I ........' it'" is rnakinga cake." 2."My l-rusband . ' . . . . . . .i t . 3 . S h eh a st o l d m c h e r n a m e .b u t L . .... anydring' that so tired was 4. YesterdayI ....... hirn. lle usedto be fatter. it 1,ourbrotl-rerar rhe parryl L... 5. W:.rs much becausea very tall man was sitting in front of me' 6. L.. '...... acrossLal<eBalaton' 7. When I was youngerI ... ... why he is doing drat. B. L.. 4 Complete the answer to the questions with waslwere able to. Eg|szitse ki a vdlaszokat a ,,wasl were able to" szerkezettel 6s egy odaillS igevel! 1. A: Did evcrybodypassthe examl it. B : Although it wasn't easyat all, everybody wosoblelo pass 2. A: Did you fir-rishthe new project before the deadlinef B: Well, we had to work day and night, but we
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MoonLvrRas 3. A: What happened to the girl who fell off the roo0 B: She had seriousinjuries but the doctors arrivedjust in time and th.y .......... 4. A: I don't understand how the robber managedto escapefrom the prison. B; Well, I don't think that ..... alone.It's certain that somebodyhelpedhim. 5. A: How was your first lessonwith my litde brotherf Did you explain to him everything) B: To tell you the truth, he isn't very quick on the uptake, but I . .. . . .. . everydring that he wanted.
I.
5 Complete fhe sentences using could, couldn't or waslwere able to. Egeszftseki a mondatokat a ,,could, coLtldn't" vagy a ,,waslwere able to" segedigdkkel! l. It was a very difficult mathematical problem, but we wereohletosolve it. 2.My father liked playing music very much. He .... ..... play the trumpet well. 3. I sprainedmy ankle that's why I ....... .... go to the parry last night. 4. The photocopier broke down so she ..... make any copiesfor the lesson. 5. ]ason never staysin his office but in the morning L..... speakto him at last. 6. The studentsspokeBnglish very well but I ....... ..... hear that they weren't English. 7.The oil which spilled into the seakilled a lot of animals.The conservationists... rescueonly some of them. 8. Although his car got a puncture he . .. get there on rime, becausehis sister gave him a lift. 9. First he didn't want to proposero thar girl but L..... ....,.. convincehim. I0. I left my purse at home so L.. pay at dre checkout. 6 Translatethe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. lov6 hiten sem tudunk taldlkozni. 2. Ezer ive nem tudtam beszdlnivele. 3. Bdr rid
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Moosrlrsrceotcrr PART2
couLD/couLDN'T
coul-D HAVE /COULDN'T HAVE+rGE 3. ALAKJA
I. Kipes volt. ld. Part I
(Feltiteles m6d, lehetsiges feltdtel)
Kipes lett volna / meg tudott volna csindlni valamit. (Feltiteles m6d, lehetetlen feltdtel)
(Nem) tudndk most aludni. I cowld(not) sleepnow.
(Nem) tudtam volna aludni. I could.(not) hatteslept.
Aludhatnik. I could.sleep.
Aludhattam volna. I could,haneslept.
3. Val6szin(sig - Valami bekiivetkezhet, megvan ri az es6ly.
Val6szinfu dg - Valami bekcivetkezhetett, megvolt ri az es6ly,vagy nem kovetkezhetett be, mert a kiiriiLlminyek nem engedtik.
)ack bdrmikor telefondlhat. phonea.tany minute. Jack cowld.
]ack nem lehetett ott, mert akkor velem volt' Jach couldn't have beentltere, becausehe wos with me nt thnt time.
2. Kdpes lenne / meg tudna csinrilni valamit.
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Read the situations and make suggestions using could. Olvassael a szitu6ciokat, es tegyen iavaslatokat. Haszn6ljaa ,,could" segedigdt! I. A; B: 2. A: B: 3. A: B: 4. A: B: 5. A: B: 6. A: B: 7. A: B:
I don't know what to cook for dinner. eggs. scromhled (make scrambled eggs) Ioucouldmakesome yearl holiday this go on where to got any idea Have you ( t o C r o a t i aW ) e............ London is very big. I don't think we will find our way to Susan'shouse. ( b u ya m a p )W e . . . . . . . . . . . . . I'm late. I'm going to miss the train. (takea ta-xi)You ........... I haveto learn English. (your wife/teach) How can we get to the stationl I don't know We............. (aska passer-by) What shall I do at the weekendl (preparefor the exams)You............
2 Complete the sentences with can or could. Sometimes either word is possible.Egeszitseki a mondatokat a ,,can" vagy a ,,could" segedigekkel!Bizonyosmondatokn1l mindket segddige lehetsiges. asleepat once. I. I'rn very sleepyI couldfall, .... arriveat any minute. 2. The Browns ..... understandwhy he is so lazil 3. I ... ... drink a glassof it now. 4. We bought a botde of port yesterdayI ...... .... go to seemy Grandma at the weekend' 5. I don't think I you say it after mel 6. Listen to the tongue twister I have just learnt. 'Never mind. Things get better later'" 7. "Well we don't seernto have any luck thesedays."
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MoonLvrRes 8. "Flave you got any plans for dre weekendl" "Not, yet. But we 9. "What do you want to eat for lunchf" "I don't know But L. I0. ... you eat ten pancakesin one sittingl
... go fishing." eat somedringsweet."
D
3 Complete fhe senfences using could or could have and a suitable verb. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a ,,could" vagy ,,could have" segedigdkkel 6s egy-egy odail16igdvel! l. "Why didn't you come to the cinema last nightl" "l could gonebut I didn't feel like going." have 2. Why didn't you saythat you were in Brighton. You ... ..... widr us. llotels arevery expensivein England. 3. Are you coming to Brighton next week) If so, you ....... with us. 4. You .... very exhaustedafter travellingtwenty hours by bus. 5. Why do you want to take a taxif Jack ... you to dre station, too. 6. Why did you take a taxil Jack ... you to the station. 7. Eventually we . last week, becauseone of my meetings was cancelled. B. I think skiing is easyto learn. Anyone how to ski. 9. "Where were you on holiday last yearf" *I . . ... .. to Crete becauseone of my friends invited me but I had to work all the summer." 10. "Where are you going on holiday next sumrnerl" "Well I ....... to visit my to J'amaica friends but I don't think I'll have enough lnoney to do so. 4 Complete the senfences with could have or couldn't have and a suitable verb. Eg1szitseki a mondatokat a,,could have" vagy,,couldn't have" segddig6kkel6s egy-egy odaill6 igdvel!
e
Ar Ar
l. "The party was great, why didn't you comel" "BecauseI wasn't invited. Anlrway it doesn't lnatter becauie Iiouldn'tlovegone, ihaci to work." 2. Whv didn't you tell me that you were going to Londonl My husband was going d-rereby car.He '....you. 3. "Do you think it was Jack who broke into your flat)" "Well, as he has got an alibi, he 4. iilil ;;; il ;;;;; ::;." breadbeforebut yesterdayit ate some. It ..... very hungry 5. "I'm sorry that I did.n't bring your bicycle back in time." "Never mind. Anyvay I it as I broke my leg last week." 6. I wonder how you were able to persuadehirn. He is so stubborn. I .. l-rim. 7. My son isn't as clever as yours. He .. . . .. the exam after learning nothing. 5 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Nagyon 6hesvagyf Elmehetndnk ebbe azld:jkinaidtterembe! 2. Sz6lbatti,lvolna. Tudtam volna kolcsonozni egy kis p6nzt. 3. Meg tudtad volna venni azt a mos6gdper,de te soha nem rudsz donteni. 4. Fel tudtdl volna kelni kordbban is, nem) 5. Istenem. Mdr megint olyan friradt vagyok. Hdrom napig is tudndk aiudni. 6. Olyan szomjasvagyok, hogy akdr egy liter vizet is meg tudndk inni. Nagyon kimerit6 a bicildizds. 7. Nem tudtam volna elmenni Sue sziilinapi bulijdra, mert ald
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MoosrrtsrcEotc€r PART J
Minden bizonnyal bekiivetkezik valami.
MUST HAVE + IGE 3. ALAI$A = Biztos, hogy... Minden bizonnyal bekcivetkezett valami.
Biztos, hogy tiz perc m/rlva megdrkezik. He mwstaryivein the next ten rninutes.
Biztos, hogy hazadrtmdr. He must hapearriped horne.
Biztos, hogy most otthon van. He rnwstbeat homenow.
Biztos, hogy otthon volt. He mwstltat e beenat home.
Biztos, hogv most dpp olvas. He must be read.ingnow.
Bizonydramdr 6rdk 6ta olvas. He rnwstbattebeenread:ingfor howrs.
MUST = Biztos, hogy...,
Biztos, hogy ald
$ riayterlrt A val6szinfis6g kifejezesdre haszn:ilt MUST is MUST HAVE modrilis seg6digik TAGADO ALAKJA A CAN'T is a CAN'T HAVE. = Biztos,
CAN'T = Biztos: hogy nem krivetkezik be valami.
CAN'T HAVE + IGE 3. ALAKIA hogy nem kovetkezett be valami.
Biztos, hogy ma nem jdn haza. He can't con'tehornetod.ay.
Biztos, hogy nem ment oda. He can't havegonethere.
Biztos,hogy nincs otthon. He can.ttbeat hornenow.
Biztos, hogy nem volt otdron. He can't hapebeenat honce.
Biztos, hogl, most nern olvas. He can't berend.infinow.
Biztos, hogy akkor ipp Irem olvrrsc.rtt. He can't hapebeenread:ingthen.
- FEI.ADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put in must or can't. Haszndlia a ,,must" vagy a ,,can't" segedigeket! I. That shop mustbe very good. The clothes are very nice there. .......be very good. The clothesareso cheapthere. 2. That shop . .. be very h"Ppy 3. Have vou got a new job at Phillipsl You ... 4. Kate ...... be at home. I talked to her in her office a few minutes ago. ...... be drinking now 5. Tl-reyhavewon a lot of money on slot machines.They . ....... be real.That time . It a short hair in such her has grown how I cannot understand 6. Jane is a wig. 2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form. Egeszitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaill6 igevel a megfelelf alakban! dropped k somewhereat home. 1. I have lost my key I must hove 2. Bri.anhas noi lived in Veszprdmfor a long time. He cln'lknowmny people here. a lot of CDs. 3. Francesloves music. She must so ill' He was to the 4. Tim can't . Parrlt shop a few minutes ago' in the . now I saw her 5. Mary can't . ...... at home. Shewasnot at schooltoday 6. Anita rnust .
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MooRLvrnas 7.They must . ... for hours. They look so sweaty very early 8. It's only seven o'clock and Jack is already in his office. FIe must 9. They can't . .... in through this window The window has bars. 10. You can't . Mary yesterdaybecauseshe has been in Germany for two weeks. 1I. They can't . .... TVThere is no electriciryin the house. 12. Sarahmust.. ....... dancinglessons.Shedancesvery well.
PX
3 Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write senfences with must have and can't have. Olvassael a szitu1ciokat 6s alkossonmondatokat a z1rojelben megadott szavakkal,a ,,mLtsthave" 6s a ,,can't have" segddigdk felhaszn1l1sdval! 1. I can't find my purse. (somebody/ stealI it I on the bus) Somebody musthovestolen it onthebus. 2. There was some lipstick on her husband'sshirt. (he / be / urfaithful / to her.) 3. Jack didn't learn anything but he got a five for his test-paper.(he / use / a cheat-sl"reet.) 4. Tim failed his exams. (he / learn / anything) 5. My litde daughter woke up crying. (she / have/ bad dreams) 6. When drey got home, it was very hot in the flat. (they / forget / to rurn the heating off;
7. I askedmy secretaryto post a letter but when I went to the office it was still on her desk.(she/ r e m e m b eti oTp o s ti t ) . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........,............... They B. drovepastme without stopping.(they/ see/ me) 9. TI'rewindow of his living room was broken. (somebody / break into / the house) 10. Jasonwanted to borrow some money from me. (he / spend/ his rnoney / on gambling)
4 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Ndzd azt a f1rfit azzal alag:u6,rral!Biztos sok pdnzevan. 2. O biztos nem b(nos. Mdgaldgynek sem tudna drtani. 3. Biztosan nem hiilydskedik. O nem szeretia vicceket. 4. Pr6b{ld meg felhivni most! Biztos.otthon van mdr. 5. Biztos, hogy nincs azkoddjdban. Epp most besziltem a tid
84
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T
T
v (r
u
H,
N, Hr
MooarLr secEorcEr PART 4 MAY/MAY NOT = Val6szin( hogy valami bektivetkezik. Val6szinii, hogy valami nem kcivetkezik be.
MAY HAVE/MAY NOT HAVE + IGE 3. ALAKfA = Yal6szinti, hogy valami bekcivetkezett. Val6szinii, hogy valami nem kcivetkezett be.
Val6szinri,hogy (nem) taldlkozik vele. He rnay (not) rneether
Val6szhri, hogy (nem) taliilkozott vele. He may (not) hauernet her
Val6szinfi,hogy otthon van. He way beat home.
Yal6szinii, hogy otthon volt. He may hapebeenat horne.
Val6szinri,hogy nincs otthon. He ma.ynot beat home.
Val6szinff,hogy nem volt otthon. He may not havebeenat home.
Val6szinri,hogy most ipp (nem) olvas. He ruay (not) beread.ingnow.
Val6szinri,hogy mrir 6rdk 6ta olvas. He may hnvebeenread.ingfor bours. Val6szinii, hogy ald
NOT =
Lehet, hogy valami bekcivetkezik. Lehet, hogy nem kcivetkezik be.
MrGHT/MTGHT NOT HAVE + rGE 3. AI,AKIA = Lehet, hogy valami bekiivetkezett. Lehet, hogy nem kiivetkezett be.
Lehet, hogy (nem) taldlkozikvele. He might (not) rneethirn.
Lehet, hogy (nem) taldlkozott vele. He rnight (not) havemet him.
Lehet, hogy otthon van. He might beat bonce.
Lehet, hogy otthon volt. He rnight havebeenat horne.
Lehet, hogy nincs otthon. He rnight not beat horne.
Lehet, hogy nem volt otthon. He might not hapebeenat horne.
Lehet, hogy most (nem ) olvas. He rnight (not) be read.ingnow.
Lehet, hogy 6rdk 6ta olvas. He might ltaye beenread,ingfor hours.
MIGHT/MIGHT
Lehet, hogy ald
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MopaLvrnas MAY AS \ rELL/MTGHT
AS WELL
Ak'ir meg is eheted.
= Akir be is kovetkezhet valami. 'ku rnight ns well eot it. Yagy 'hu mny as well eat it.
Akdr le is fordithatom.
I rnay as well nanslate it. I rnight aswell nandate it.
Akdr meg is ihatja.
He rnight as well drinh it. He rnay ns well d.rinh it.
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES
4
Paraphrase the sentencesusing may or might. Alakftsa6t a mondatokata ,,frdy" 6s,,might" seg 6digek feIhaszn6I6sdvaI! l. I don't know if Mary is at home now Perhapsshe is. She mightheul home. 2. Perhapsthey arein the pub. .......... 3. Perhaps sheis kidding............... 4. It is likely that Tom is working now: .......... 5. It is likely drat he wants to come with us. 6. I don't know if they'll come to dre party Perhapsthey will. .......... 7. It is likely that we can cope with this problem. (use"be able to") 8. Perhapsthey can carry out their plan. (use"be ableto") 9. It is likely tl-ratwe'll have to take it back today......... I0. I don't know if Paul was at dre party yesterdayPerhapshe was. ll. It is likely that they were bored with the lecture. 12. Perhapsthey went home after the meeting 13. It is likely that shehad to rent a flat.......... 14. PerhapsI have left my gloves in the theatre. 15. Perhapsshewas having a showerthen........... 16. It is likely that they were playing cards.......... 17. Perhapsthey have been going out together for a while. lB. It is not very likely drat Jill is in love with him. .......... 19. Perhapsshedoesn'twant to speakto you. .......... 20. I don't think they will come to school today ........ 2I. Perhapsthey didn't understand the task. 22.Itis likely drat he wasn'tfeelingwell ...........
5t d
2 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form. Egeszitse ki a mondatokat egy-egy odaill6 igevel a megfelel6 formdban!
6Re alA
t. l. "Whose is drat bicyclef" "I don't know It moy/night6eTom's." 2. "What do you drink the Browns are doing now|" "I'm not sure.They 3. 'What do you think they have spent dreir money onf" "I don't know They . 4. *Why did your brodrer put on his suit last nightf " "I'm not sure.lle girlfriend to the theatre." 5. "Who was that pretty woman with your brotherf" "I don't know It new colleague." 6. "Where is your hatf " "I don't know I ...... . it in dre taxi."
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..... TV' .. a flat." ......... his ...... his
2.
3.
Moosrlrsecrotcrr 3 Completethe sentencesusing might + one of theseverbs.Egeszftseki a mondatokata megfelel6 igevel a ,,might" segddigefelhaszndl1sdval! skid
kitl
call
need
wat<e drop
l. firrrr down tl-revolume . You mighlwokethe children. ......... it. 2. Be carefulwith that box. It's very heavyYou ... ....... it if you want to makea complaint. 3. Don't drrow the rcceiptaway You 4. Drive slowly The roads are very slippery The car ...... you. It ...... 5. Don't drink d-ratwater'. ..... us later. 6. Don't switch off dre mobile. Our son 4 Complete the sentencesusing might be able to or might have to + a suitable veib. Egdszitse ki a mondatokat egy-egy odaill6 igdvel, 6s a ,,might be able to" 6s ,,might have to" segddigek felhasznAl6s6val! climb
resit
work
do
lend
I. It's not an easvexercisebut we mightheohletodoit. at the weekend,tocl. 2. I don't plan anything for the weekendbecauseI ...... . . . . . . . . . . . .i t . 3 . I d o n ' tt h i n kI ' v e p a s s e d r ee x a m I. . . . . . . ......'. yoll solne. 4. Why don't yott borrow somemoneyfrom Frank)He ... :....... ........ rt. 5. This rock is very steepbut we 5 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. lJse may or might. Olvassael a szitu6ci6kat, 6s alkosson mondatokat a zdrojelben megadott szavakkal! Haszn6lia a ,,may" 6s ,,might" segedigeket! l. Do you know where |ack is| lo thetineno. A) (lre I go I cinema) Hemoyhovegone B ) ( h e / 6 a v e/ a s h o w e r ) 2. I don't k-nowwhat she is doing here. ... A) (she/ look I for lthe director) here B) (she/ leave/ sometl'ring/ ) 3. I wonder why I haven'tseenhim today A ) ( h eI B e rl i l l ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . B) (he / rvork / at home) 4. Have you seenmy slippers?I can't find them. A) (they / be / under the bed) B) (dre dog / take / thern / into the kennel) 5. I wor-rderwhy Torn didr-r'tcome to work on Sanrrday
:.................
A ) ( h cl b e l t u )
B) (he I not lknow / drat Saturdaywas a working dry)........... 6 Read the situations and make sentences with maylmight as well. Olvassael a szitudciokat, es alkossonmondatokat a ,,may/might as well" szerkezettel! 1. You don't know what to do at the weekend. You'll have a lot of free time to go to the cinema or tcl the theatre.Your friend asks:What shall we do at the weekendl You say: Wemightaswellgotothecinemo becausewe'll have a lot of free time . 2. You go to the hairdresserbut you don't have much idea about rvhat kind of hairdo you would like. It's all rhe sameto you if the hairdresserdyes it or not. Your hairdresserasks:What would you like me to do with your hairl You say: 3. Your colleagueasksif lre should copy the letter or not. It is not so important but you say: 4. You are ar a petrol station where dre attendantasksif he should cleanthe windows of vour cer.Thev rlrenot so dirtv but you say:...........
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Moonl vrRas 7 Paraphrase the sentences following the example. Use to be likely to / to be not (very) likely to. Alakitsa 5t a mondatokat a pelda alapjdn! Hasznaljaa ,,to be likely to /to be not (very) likely to" szerkezeteket! 1. It 2. It 3. It 4. It 5. It
is notverylikelytohethere. is not very likely that Susanneis there. Susonne is not likely drat Jasonwill understand it. is likely that we'll win the race. is likely that he is worried about us. ............. is not likely drat dre Hudsons are still in the offrce
B Translatethe sentences.Forditsale a mondatokatl l. Terry lehet hogy nincs otthon. 2. Yal6szin$legPaul a tengerentflra megy tanulmdnyi ritra. 3. Hdtvdgdn lehet hogy otthon alszom. 4. ,,I{ol van Tomf" ,,Lehet, hogy az erkdlyendohdnyzik." 5. ,Mi ez a zajl" ,,A macskaval6szinfleg 6pp az egereketkergeti a padldson." 6. ,,Nem taldlom]uditot.",,Val6sziniilegipp ebddel." 7 . Lehet, hogy taldlkozom ma az uj f1nokommel. B. ,,FIol van a sapkddf" ,,Lehet, hogy a kocsibanhagytam." 9. Lehet, hogy Jancsids Juliska eltdvedtekaz erd6ben. I 0. Val6szinrilegrossz szimot tircs6rzt6rL. ll. Nem vaI6szinfr,hogy ongyilkos lett. L2. Lehet, hogy nem drtette a kdrddst. 13. Nem nagyon val6szinii",hogy valaha mlg:6jra ldtom 6t. 14. Nem val6szinii, hogy meghiv az eskiiv6jdre. 15. Val6szinrilegmeg fog bocsdtanineked. 16. Val6szinil, hogy visszafogj'iL utasitani az ajinlarodat. 17. ,Jvlit csindlt abityid tegnap estecid
Nem ldphet be. 'Ttw rnny not enter
Ide leiilhet. hu rnnysit here.
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PART 5 MAY/CAN = Engeddlyt kdrhetiink, vagy engeddlyt adhatunk valamire. may - udvarias, form{lis can - bizalmas, infbrmiilis A ,,MAf'-t ilyen drtelelnben csak jelen id6ben haszndljuk.
E
TO BF, ALLOWED TO = Engedilyt kirhetiink vagy engeddlyt adhatunk valamire. i
Egysznr(i jelen, egyszerii mult, egyszmii j6v6, befejezett jelen ds befejezett mriLltid6ben hasznrflhat6. Nem ldohetnek be. They are not allowed.to enter Nem ldphettek be. Theywerenot allowed.to enter Nem liphetnek majd be. Theywon't beallowed.to enter. Nem ldphetnek be mdr dvek 6ta. They haue not beenallowed.to enterfor years. Miel6tt engeddytnem kaptak, nem ldphettek be. Theyhod.nzt beenallowed.t0 enter beforetheygot perwission.
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MooarusrcEorcEr Nem dohdnyozhatitt. hw may not srnohehere.
76u are not alhwed.to srnohehere. Srnokingis not nllowedhere.
LET SY DO STH -Hagyja, engedi, hogy valaki valamit csindljon. (Nem seg6dige, de itt tdrgyaljuk.) Nem engedtemmeg, hogy begyere. Ne engedd,hogy bejojjon! Hadd menjek bel Menjtink be.
I didn't let you comein. Don't let hirn coruein. Let mego in. Let\ (us)go in.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES Readthe instructions and ask people for permission.Use may or can. Az utasitdsok alapjdn kerjen engedelyt bizalmas vagy udvarias hangvetelben! Hasznllja a ,,may" vagy a ,,can" seg6digeket! l. Ask a man on the bus if you can sit down next to him. lvloy I sithere? 2. Ask if you can use your colleague'smobile phone. 3. Ask if you can borrow your friend'spen.......... 4. Ask your bossif you can open the window 5. Ask your supplier if you can havehis name. 6. Ask your sisterif you can usethe computer............... Readthe following nofes and explain whatthey mean. Use may. Olvassael a kovetkezSfeliratokat, es magyardzza el, hogy mit jelentenek! I. NO SMOICNG 2. STAFF ONLY 3. WET PA.INT (on a bench) 4. NO CAMERAS 5. NO SWIMIvIING 6. NO MOBILE PHONE
You maynotsmoke here.
3 Complete the senfences with to be (not) allowed to + a suitable verb. Olvassael a szitu6ciokat, 6s alkossonmondatokat a,,to be (not) allowed to" szerkezeftelds egy-egy odaill6 igevel! I. When I was in Rome I wosn'l ullowed toenferdre Saint Peter'sCathedral in shorts. 2. You ..... photosin the museum. ...... the bus. 3. If you don't show your seasonticket,you ... 4. She shewas under age. ...... whiskyin the pub because 5. Peter . . ... a packetof cigarettesin the shop becausehe was old enough. 6. You in the casdeonly if you put on thesefunny slippers. 4 Rewrite the sentences using let sy do sth. Alakitsa 6t a mondatokat a ,,let sy do sth" szerkezet felhaszn6lSsltval! l. I allow you to leavethe room. lletyouleuvetheroon. 2. She won't allow you to smoke in the flat. 3.My fatherdidn't a-llowme to go dancing................ 4. Her husbanddoesn't allow her to work. 5. Paulallowedhis sisterto use his walky-taILy............. 6.My daughteralwaysallowsthe dog to sleepin her bed............ 7.I wtll never allow you to marry that man. He is a swindler. 8. ]ack has never allowed his brothersto enter his room without knocking.
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Mooalvrnss 5 Rewritethe sentencesusing to allow sy to do sth. Alakftsa5t a mondatokata ,,to allow sy to do sth" szerkezetfelhaszndlSsdval! melo usehercur. I. Slrelet me useher car.lheullowed 2. Our teacheralwaysletsus go homebeforethe endof the lesson. 3. Your mother will never let you keep pets in the flat. 4. Tina has never let her childt'en use nasty words' 5. His wife didn't let him go to dre pub with his friends. 6. Tom let her use his credit card. 7. I wouldn't let him speakto you like that............ 6 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Elndzdst,bejohetekf 2. Hello Iackl El tudsz vinni kocsival) 3. Sajndlom.A jelsz6 megaddsandlki.il nem ldphet be. 4. Mrs Black, elvehetema kabdtjrit) 5. Att6l tartok, itt nem dohdnyozhat. 6. Megadn:i a nevit is a telefonsz6,mdtl (Megkaphatnti*' . .) 7. Mr ]ackson, vedretek egy pillantdst a rajzokral 8. Jessica,haszndlhatoma telefonodat) 9. Kdzikonyvet nem vihet ki a konlvtdrb6l. 10. Nem engedtdk meg, hogy besz6ljekaz iigyvidemmel. 11. Nem fogj{k engeddlyeznineki, hogy elhagyjaaz dpiiletet. 12. A bazilikdba nem engednekbeldpni miniszoknydban. 13. Csakakkor engedik meg, hogy elolvasdezeketa dokumentumokat, ha nem beszdlszr6luk senkinek. 14. Ml.gsenkinek sem engedtdk meg, hogy dsatdsokatvtgezzenezena teriileten. 15. Sohasemfogom hagyni, hogy elmenj. 16. Midrt hagytad, hogy megaiizzon? 17. En nem hagyndm, hogy a gyerekeim igy viselkedjenek' IB. Tom megengedtea ldnydnak, hogy elvigye ^z ^ut6jdl 19. Eva mindig rnegengedi a gyerekeinek,hogy kis6n fekiidjenek le. 20.Te rnegengedtedmrir valaha is valakinek, hogy elolvassaa napl6datl
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PART 6 MUST = kell I(citelessdg kifejez6sdre (bels6 kdnyszer).
HAVE TO = kell Kcitelessdg l
El kell mennem, mert mdr sotdtedik, ds f6lek a sotdtben. it's gening d'nrh I rnwstleme, becawse and,Irn afraid.of the d.nrh.
El kell mennem, mert ltalnarosanmegy a vonatom. my tra.in leavessoon. I hnve to lenvebecawse
Csak rillit6 ds csak jelen idej( alakja van.
F.;gyszer6 j elen, egyszrrii m(rlt, egysze16 jov 6, befejezett jelen ds befejez'ett mflt id6ben hasznrilhat6.
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Thgadris: a 'have to" megfelel6 igeidejii' tagad6 alakjdt haszn:iljuk.
El kell mennem. Nem kell elmennem. El kellett mennem. Nem kellett elmennem. El kell majd mennem. Nem kell majd elmennem. Egy hete iskoldba kell jdrnom.
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I haYeto leave. I dnn't hat e to leape. I had'to leme. I d'id.n'thatteto leove. I will haveto lenve. Iwon't haveto leave. I bnvehad.togo to school for nweelz'
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2. 3. /1 T.
6. 7. 8. 9.
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Mooarrrsrcrorcrr Egv hete nem kell iskoldbajdrnom. El kellett mennern) miel6tt mcgdrkcztck. MUSTNT
I hnven't had togo to scbool for n weeh. I hnd had.to leape beforetheyarciverl.
= tilos, nem szabad
Itt tilos dohdnvozni. Neki ncm szabaclinnia.
hu nr.wstn'tsncohe here. He ynwstn'tc{rinh.
NEED TO DO = Sziiksiges, kell, egyszerf NEED DO = Sziiksdges, kell, csak jelen id6ben ds befejezett jelen ill. mflt id6ben, haszn{lhat6. tovdbbri jciv6 id6ben haszndlhat6. NEEDN'T DO I DON'T NEED TO Oda kell mcnncm. I need.togo there. I need.gothere Ncrn kell odamennem. I don't need.togo tbere. I need.n't go there. Odir l<ellcttrllerutetrr. I neededtogo there. Ncrn lrellett odamemem. I did,n't ncecltogo there. NEEDN'T HAVE + IGE 3. ALAI$A = Nem kellett volna, nem lett volna szi.iksiges
DIDN'T HAVE TO = Nem kellett
Nem kcllert volna iskoldbamennern. (De eltncrttcrn,is ott veffern dszre,hogl, sziinetvan.) I needn't havegone to school.
Nem kellettiskoliibamennem.(Nem is mentem.) I didn't hattetogo to school.
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put the sentencesinto the given form. Alakitsa5t a mondatokata megadott formdba! l. I hilveto finishmy work beforethe deadline.(futuresimple)lwillhuvetofinishmyworkbeforethedeodline. 2. Shemust go home. (simplepast).......... 3. We rnustvisit him ir-rthe hospital.(simplepast) ............. 4. You must practiseit. (future simple, negative) 5. Jackdidl't have to use his calculator.(future sirnple,positive) 6. Youwon't havcto go there.(simplepast,positive).............. 2 Complete these sente nces with must or have to + one of the following verbs. Egeszitse ki a mondatokat a ,,must" vagy ,,have to" segddig{vel 6s a megfelel6 igevel! go move speak (2x)
apologize
fly
help
p.a.-.y do
L Don't bother about the money, I've got enough. You don'lhove to pay for any.thing. 2. Sallyis in trouble. I ... . ... ... ... her. 3. Torn was your uncle. You .. to his funeral. 4. I . .. . . ... to New York next month. The conferencehas beencancelleddue to the terror attack. 5. Last month L..... ..... out of dre flat I rented.Its owner wants to sellit. 6. I think \/otl .. ....... to your son, when he comeshome from England. 7. I ... .. . my bestif I don't want to fail. 8. You .... about it if you don't wanr ro. 9. I tl'rir-rk she ... ... to Sally She was very rude to her. 3 Complete fhese sentences with mustn't or don'tl doesn't have to. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a ,,mustn't" vagy ,,don't / doesn't have to" segedigdkkel! 1. Jackhas problernswith his heart. He nustn'loverwork. 2. I will supportthe family You . . . . .... find a job.
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MooRLvrnss ....... get up early 3. I can stay up late tonight becausetomorrow I ...... ....... eat any sweets. 4. Sue has diabetes.She ...... crossdre road when the light is red' 5. You ... hurt him, he is a very important client. 6. Be nice to Mr Nicolson. We ... . . ... .. go by bus. Tim has lent me his car. 7 . We . forget our wedding anniversaryotherwise my wife won't speakto me. 8. I ... 4 Make questions with have to. Tegyenfel kerdeseketa ,,have to" seg6digdvel!
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I. Last month I had to borrow two hundred pounds from him. didyouhavetobonowfromhin? FIow much money 2. We will have to travel to San Francisconext month. Where 3. |essiehas to find a new job. .......... Who . 4. They had to meet an urgent delivery
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whv . 5. I had to stay in a hotel for a couple of weeks. How long 6. We will have to speakto Julie about our plan. Who .. 7 . I have to buy the tickets today What..
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5 Put the sentences into the given form. Alakitsa5t a mondatokat a megadott form6ba! won'tneed todoil. I. You needn't do it. (future simple) You 2. I needgo home. (simplepast).......... 3. You don't need to explain it. (simplepast) .......... 4. She needsto write it down. (future simple) 5. I needn'ttype it. (simplepast).......... 6. He won't needto checkit. (simplepresent)(2) ............. 7.They neededto meet him. (simplepresent)(2) ............. 8. He will needto fill the tank. (simplepresent)(2) .............
..'...'..'
6 IJse to where necessary.Tegye ki a ,,to"-t, ahol sztiksdges! L I wanted to buy some bread but I didn't need lo becausemy husband had alreadybought some. 2.If we want to reachthe target,we'll need ........ work hard next month. 3. She needed . . . . . . .. fire him becausehe had stolen money from his colleagues. . learn now so we can go out. 4. I needn't him at the stationtoday need ....... meet 5. She 6. Sheneeds.........speakto him now. 7.They won't need ....... find anotherflat becausethe owner doesn'twant to raisethe rent. 8. You needn't ........ worry I've alreadyarrangedeverything. 9. He need ........ take a taxi if he doesn'twant to be late. go by bus, becausethe school is a long way from his house. I0. He needs ..
7 Readthe situationsand makesenfenceswith needn't have. Olvassael a szitudci6kat,majd al' kossonmondatokata ,,needn'thave" segedigevel! I. I bought rwo tickets for the film tonight but later it turned out that my wife had also bought tickets. tkkets. I needn'l hovehought 2. Tom had lunch in a saladbar but when he arrived home he found that his wife had cooked something f o r l u n c h .H e . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mooarrrseceorcer 3. Wher-rshe went on a trip, Sheilatook her walkman with her but she didn't listen to it in tl-reend. She............ 4. I went to school on Wrednesdaybut it turr-redout thilt it was a holiday
5. Jill used a public phone to make a phone call becauseshe thought she had left her mobile irt home. Later she found her mobile in her bag. She 6. I calleda mechanicto repair my televisionbut later it turned out that my televisionwasn'tout of ordcr, therewasonly a power cut. I . ........ 8 Read the situations and make sentenceswith needn't have or didn't have to and the verbs in brackets. Olvassael a szituAci6kat, 6s alkossonmondatokat a ,,needn't have done" vagy a ,,didn't have to" szerkezetekkel! 1. YesterdayI stal,sd in bed late becauseit was Sunday (get up) I didn'lhavelo gelupeorly. 2. YesterdayI got up early becauseI drought d-ratI had to go to work. Later it turned out that I didn't needto work that day (getup) ............ 3. When I looked out of the window dre sun was shining. (takc an umbrella) 4. Wl-renI lookedout of the window it wascloudy so I took an umbrellawith me. In the end it didn't rain. (takean umbrella) 5. Last week my husbandwas away (rnakelunch) 6. I rnadelunch for my husband but when my husbandarrived home he said he had had lunch. (make lunch) 9 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. O a legjobb bar{tod, meg kell bocsdtanodneki. 2. Tudod, hogy mikor kell kimenned el6az dllomdsra) 3. Helyet kell tal{lnunk a kom6dnak. Nem dobhatjuk ki. 4. Gondoskodnodkell r6la. O a l{nyod. 5. H{nyszor kell mdg elmondanom neked,hogy szeredekl 6. Midrt kellett bosszantanodaz angol tandrodatl 7. Mir lliirom h6napja kell szednemezeketa gy6gyszereket. 8. Nem sziiksdgeshazakis6rnetek. Egyedil is hazataldlok. 9. Ha el akaromtartani a csalddom,taldlnom kell egy j6 dlldst. I0. Nem volt sziiksdgarra, hogy kihrvjuk az orvost. 11. Nem szi.iksdgeselmagyarinnod, hogy mi is tortdnt val6jdban. 12. Nem leszsziiksdgarra, hogy lakdstkeressetek. Maradhattokndlunk is. 13. Ha magasa vdrnyomdsod,nem szabadkdvdtinnod. 14. Ha nern akarszinfarktust kapni, nem szabadtulhajszolnodrnagad. 15. Nem ldtja a tdblitl Itt tilos megrillni. 16. Ebben a t6ban tilos riszni. 17. kr nem parkolh^t az a:utf)6val.I(i.ilonben elvontatjdk. 18. Nem kellett volna el6fvetnem a Newsweekre. A fdrjem mir el6ftzetett 16. 19. Nem kellett angol6rdra mennem tegnapddlutdn,mert a taniirn6 telefondlt,hogy beteg. 20. Nem kellett volna iskoldbamennem tegnap,de csakott jottem rd, hogy mdjus elsejevan. 2l. Nem kellett volna sietnem.mert a buszharminc Dercetkdsett.
PART 7 = SHOULD/SHOULDN'T Kellene / Nem kellene / Nem lenne szabad csinrilni valamit.
SHOULD HAVE/ SHOULDN'T HAVE + IGE 3. ALAI$A = Kellett volna / Nem kellett volna / Nem lett volna szabad csinrilni valamit.
Abba kellenehagyniaa dohdnyzist. He should.giveup swohing.
Abba kellett volna hagynia a doh{nyzdst. He showld. bavegben ap srnohing.
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MooRLveRss Nem kellene komolyan venned. fru should,n'ttahe it seri.owsly.
Nem kellett volna komolyan venned' frw showld,n'thave tahen it serioudy.
Most a vizsgdimra kellene kdszi.iL-rcim, nlw. I should.bepreparing fo, *y exa.r'ns
Eg&z nap angolt kellen volna tanulnia. He should.hnve beenleanting English all d'nylong.
F{azakellenemennedl yougo horne? Sbould.
Haza kellett volna mennedl yowhnvegone horne? Showld.
3
OUGHT TO HAVE / OUGHT TO / OUGHTN'T TO HAVE= OUGHTN'T TO= IJgyanaztjelenti, mint a rrshould", azonban az rrought to" gyakrabban fordul el6 hivatalos kozegben. (Pl. torvdnyekben, rendelkezdsekben, szabilyzatokban.) Vdlaszolnunk kellenea leveldre. W owght to reply to his lener
Vdlaszolnunkkellett volna a leveldre. W ought to hnve replifd to his letter
Nem kellenevisszautasftania. 'fru owghtn't to turn it d.own.
Nem kellett volna visszautasitania. it d.own. hu oaghtn't to hnveturryted.
Mikor kellenemegdrkeznern) What tim.eoaght I to arrive?
4R
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Give someadviceto fhese people.tJseshould or shouldn't. Adion tandcsota kovetkezdembereknek!Haszndljaa ,,should"vagya ,,shouldn't"segedigdt! eat any sweets tafte-cxtrrfcssons propose to her get divorced do exercises go to an estate agency
work so much
5U
he
I. Iason is bad at maths. He shouldtukeexlralessons. 2. Paul is a litde bit overweight. He 3. Tiacy wants to keep fit. She 4. Janewantsto find a buyerfor her house.She............ "You 5. "I really love Anna." 6. Jackand Patsyare alwaysquarrelling.They ......... "You ......... 7. "I am very tired." 2 Complete the sentenceswith should (not) or should (not) have * the verb in brackets.Egdszitse ki a mondatokat a ,,should (not)" vagy ,,should (not) have" segedigekkel 6s a zdr6ielben megadott igek megfelel6 alakjdval! argue(argae) with Sue. She never lets anybody persuadeher. I. You shouldn't ..... (speak)to your wife' 2. Before buying that expensivetelevision,you (arrive)soon' ."... he .... Not yet but arrived yetl Has dre plumber 3. .. (g"t) up earlier. 4. Helen missedthe bus in dre morning. She ....... (go)f '...'.I 5 . I d o n ' tk n o w w h a tt o d o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. .. . . . . . . . . . . . (. .s t a yo) r ' , . . . .... .. (hand) it in before 6. The committee didn't acceptJeremy'sapplication.He .. . the deadline. 7. "Why 8. What a fool I am. I 9. Jessie 10. You
"Becauseshe is your best friend." .. $ lhelp) herf" (take) your advice, but I was too stubborn. . (fail) but the teacherswere very lenient. .(accept)his offer.It wasn't fair.
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MooarusrcEorcEr 3 Read the situations and write sentenceswith should (not), should (not) be -ing, should (not) have, should (not) have been -ing. Olvassael a szitudciokat, 6s alkosson mondatokat a megadott szerkezetekkel! 1. Tl'rat m'ansuffered serious injuries becausehe hadn't fastenedhis seat belt. lle should hisseot hovefostened belt. 2. The clrildrenare playing ir-rthe rniddle of the road. A car might come at any time. Theyshouldn'tbe playing in themiddle of theroad. 3. Your husbar-rd goes home from work early in the afternoon.You are very surprisedbecauseat this t i m e l - r ei s u s u a l l ya t w o r k . A s k h i m : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .). . . . . 4. You disapproveof your colleague'sbehaviour,speakingvery loudly while you were having lunch in a nlce restaurant.F{e 5. Yesterdav I didn't listen to the teacherso I didn't know what the homework was. L............... 6. You irre afririd that you'll miss your flight becausethe ta-ri driver is driving very slowly Hc............ 7. Your colleaguewent to seeyou rvithout phoning you. You weren't prepared for that. She........... B. Your businesspartner promised to get to dre restauralltbeforefive o'clock. Now it's ten pastfive ar-rd h e i s n o t t h e r ey e t .H e . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Rewrite the sentencesusing ought to. Alakitsa 5t a mondatokat az ,,ought to" felhaszndl1sdval! l. Do you think I should give up this job? DoyouthinkI ought togiveupthisilb? 2. Youshouldhavcinvitedher............. 3. Paulshouldn't spendtoo much money 4. Everybodyshouldkeepdre rules.......... 5. We shouldn'thavepunishedher............. 6. He sl-rouldbe clrivingmore careftilly............. 5 Useyour own ideas to react. Use should or ought to. TalSljaki, hogy mit mondana a kovetkez6 helyzetekben! Haszn1ljaa ,,should" vagy az ,,ought to" segddig1ket! L I'm bored, I don't know what to do. Ioushould read o hookthen. 2. I drunk too rnuch and I damaged my car.You shouldn't hove driven drunk. 3. I missedthe bus and I didn't get to the airport in time . 4. I tirink I am a bit fat. 5. He alwayswants to keep everything for himself. 6. Suewas late for school, becauseshe had overslept. 7. It's ll o'clock and rny neigl-rbouris playing the violin. 6Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Nern kellenebecsapnod.6 ann,il tobbet 6rclemel. 2. Figyelnedkellenearra, amit mondok neked. 3. Abba kellene hagynia a tul6rizitst, ha nem akar megbetegedni. 4. Ertesitenemkellett volna 6t a vdltozdsokr6l. 5. Midrt kellett volna figyelmeztetneml 6. Nem kellenerni.r otthon lenned) 7. Meg kellett volna vddenem, de nem mertem belekeveredni. 8. Nern kellen volna 6rdkon dt vdrnod rd. 9. Szerintedmit kellenetennernf 10. En sz6 ndlktil elhagyndm. 11. Ezt a szekrdnyta szoba mdsik oldaldrakellenetenned. 12. Thl:ilniakcllcnevalakit, akiben megbizhat. 13. Meg kellenekdrdezniinkaput, hog1,mi a vdlemdnyeerr6l.
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MooeLvrRss tr4.Nincs j5 kedve.Nem kellenecukkolnod' 15. A nagyi mdr nagyon oreg. Segitentinkkelleneneki. L6. Ezer6venem taldlkoztunk.M.g kelleneLitogatnodminket. L7. El kellett volna halasztanunkaz irtekezletet. 18. Egdszddlucin angolt kellea volna tanulnia,de inkdbb t6vdtn€z-ett. 19. Ilyen hideg id6ben nagykabritotkelleneviselned. 20.H^korin akarszfelkelni.be kelleneillitanod az6breszt66rit.
PART 8 A SHOULD egyib haszndlata (Subjunctive - Kiit6m6d) l. Bizonyos igik is f6nevek utdn: sawest sugestion
propose proposal
recnn'mend' recornmend,ation
Azt javasolta,hogy utaz,zakkiilfoldre. hogy te is gyere. Ragaszkodotthoz,z6., Kciveteltem,hogy mondja eI az igazat. A javaslata,hogy dn is ott legyek,meglepett.
inist
damand
He wguted, that I sbwld trapel abroad'. He insistedthat youshwld cone too. that heshwld all thetruth. I demand'ed, Hit sugestionthat I should'ahobethne toohne bywrpri,se.
$ri,wto"t
EX
1 Fi
A 'suggesdt rge utdn rrto" soha nem Cllhat. Csak a k
, F C Hi
What doeshesugestyoashoal'd'da? What daesheryggat you d,o? He sugeoedthat I shoald4ohone. He nggestedthot lgo howe. He sugexed that I want home.
Mit javasol,mit tegydll Azt javasolta,hogy menjekhaza.
Ha a f6mondat CsmellCkmondat alanya megegyezik,akkor a suggest utdn ,ringD'esalak is rffiat. d'goiu'g hona W sug este
Azt javasolark,hogy menjtink haza. 2. Bizonyos mellCknevekut{n: importnnt
essential
6 necassil.ty
vital
Fontos,hogy ott legydl. LCnyeges,hogy egyiitt menji.ink. hogy befejezdid6ben. Sziiksdges,
thot you shwW be there, It i's'inopor-tont It\ essenrtdthdt weshoaldgo tugether. It's necusatythat loa shw.ldftnhh it in time.
$ Piglelewt
7
8
9
t0
A fenti mondatok rrshould" ndlkiil is helyesek.A bes#lt nyelvben sz{vesebbenhasznCljCka rrto" nClkiirli f6ndvi igenevet. hogy 6 is jiijjon. Ragaszkodotthozzd., A javaslata,hogy & is ott legyek,meglepett. Fontos, hogy te is ott legydl.
He insbted that ho cow ma His Wesiion that I olso be theretoohmehYsarprise, Itts bnportant tha,,!u4 ba therea'swell. 96
F[ni
1. 2.
Mooart.r srcEorcEr 3. Egyib melldknevek, amelyek utdn ,,should" haszn:ilhat6: stTa.nge
rypical
frrry
interesting
sarprised.
surprising
nntural
It\ strange that you should.say that. It\ typical that be should.do that. I wassurprised thnt he sbould corne. It\ notural that you shouW help.
Furcsa,hogy ezt mondod. JelJemz6,hogy azt csindlja. Meglepett,hogy eljon. Termdszetes,hogy segitesz.
4. ,rI.?'utdn, ha azt sr.eretndnk kifejezeni, hogy valami esetleg bektlvetkezhet. go bom.e. Ha esedegel6bb befejezndd a munkdt, menj haza! If yowshouldf.nish your worh earliery Ha esedegvalaki hivna, mondd meg neki, If anyoneshould.call rne,tell thenothat I will call Irogy visszal'rivom! tbem bach. 5. Az,,l should..." /,,I shouldn't..." ^zt is kifejezi, hogy mit tennik a miisik hely6ben. Meg fogod bdnni. En uem tenndm ezt. ,Hovd tegyem a kom6dot)" ,,En a nappalibatenndm."
hu aregoing t0 regret it. I should.n't do that. 'Where shall I put the cbestof d.rawers?" "I shouldpwt it in tbe living-roon't."
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES Finishthe sentenceso that it means the same as the first sentence. Use should or bare infinitive. Fejezzebe ugy a mondatokat, hogy a jelentdsik ne vdltozzon a megadott mondatokhoz kdpest! Haszn1ljaa ,,should" segedig6t vagy a ,,to" ndlk}li f6ndvi igenevet! 1. "Why don't you take up temris)" Helen said to me. Helen suggestedrhat I should tokeuplennis. 2. "I think you'd better book a table," Tom said to them. Tom recommended that............ "You 3. must pay your debts by next week," BilI said to me. Bill dernandedthat 4. "You must come to seeme at the weekend."Mrs Thatchersaid to us. Mrs Thatcherinsistedthat ........... 5. "Why don't you askyour father)" my mother said to me. My mother suggestedthat ........... 6. "You must invite your cousins too," Henry said to her. Henry insistedthat ........... 7. "You rnust tell me the truth," our teachersaid to us. Our teacherdemanded 8. "Why don't you give up your jobl" she said to me, which was strange. Her suggestionthat .. was strange. "Why 9. not accepttheir offerl" Mr Smith said to us, which was interesting. His proposalthat ..... was interesting. I0. "I think it would be a good idea to open a new plant in Romania." Mrs Roberts said to them, which was worth considering. Her recommendation was worth considering. 2 Finishthe sentences following the example. Egdszitseki a mondatokat a p6lda alapj1n! 1. lack is here too. It's interesting that heshould behere. I didn't invite him. 2. Mary saysshe is tired. It's funny that .. ...... that. She hasjust startedto work.
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MoonLvrnas ...... satisfied.He usually has 3. Tom is satisfiedwith the job. It's surprising that .. widr errerything. problerns .... . I drought she wanted to stay 4. Patsywill resign.It's strangethat ... '. on time . 5. Has everybody arrivedl It's very important that everybody .. 6. I look after my parents who are very old. It's natural that children . . .. . F{e never 7 . Terry has damaged dre car again. It's typical of him that . . drives carefully ...... . He is alwayson time. B. Peteris late.It's odd that .. Make sentences using if... should..., and find the clausesthat match. Keressemeg az osszeill6 tagmondatokat, 6s haszn6ljaaz ,,if... should..." szerkezetet! 1. I don't drink Jill will phone today but if..., 2. It's not very likely that Peter hirs money iu the bank but if..., 3. I don't supposethat we'll finish building our house next year but if we . . . , 4. I'm not sure that I'll win the racebut if L.., 5. It's not likely that they will help us but if they...,
PA DA vali
tovi
DO a)n Ebb inld a ,rt(
N
... he will lend you some. ... I'll phone you at once. ... we'll be able to finish the project. ... we'll give a party
.lv C N L
... askher to come round.
Tt phone, round. askherto come today hulif sheshould L t don't thinkthotlill willphone
SZ
2. 3. A T.
5. 4 Complete the sentences.Egeszitseki a mondatokat! I. "Who shall I askfor helpf" "lshouldaskvour parents." .. him." 2 . " S h a l Il m e e th i m a g a i n i "" N o , I . . .. . . . . . . . . . , . . . " "Yes,you . It's very cold outside." 3. "Shall I put on a jumperf .. by train. It's more comfortable." .:...... 4. "ShallI go by bus)" "No, you .. "Yes,you .... her.She will make a good wife." 5. "Shall I marry herf "
YOU Csak
Nem ,rA.ny egy dr IDA
5 Translatethe sentences.Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. Azr javasolta,hogy hallgassunkrd. (3) 2. Azt ajdnlotnrk nekik, hogy jelentsdk az eseteta rend6rsdgen. 3. Ragaszkodikhozz{, hogy felhwjuk telefonon, mihelyt dddpjiik a hatdrt. 4. Ajavaslata,hogy terjeszkedjiinkkeletre,drdekesvolt. 5. I(oveteltem, hogy fizessenekkdrtdritdst. 6. Aztjavasoltuk nekik, hogy vegyenekki p:ir nap szabadsdgot. 7. Azt ajdnlottrik nekem, hogy ne menjek oda egyediil. 8. Azt kciveteli, hogy mindenki az 6 engeddlydtkdrje, ha el akarjahagyni a tdbort. 9. Ragaszkodtamahhoz, hogy a gyerekektiz 6rakor mdr dgyban legyenek. 10. ,,N4egve Wem ezt az aut6tl" ,,En megvenndm. Alkalmi vdtel." LI. Azt javaslod, hogy vdljak el a felesdgemt6ll (2) 12. En azt javasoltam,hogy gondold dt rijra. (3) 13. Ha esetlegtaldlkozol Tommal, add dt neki iidvozletemet! 14. Ha netdn lill is elmegy a buliba, ne felejtsd el megkdrni, hogy hfvjon fel! 15. Ha esedegmeggondolni^ mag!'.t,ami nern nagyon val6szinri, drtesftenifoglak. 16. Ha mdgis rigy dont, hogy nem veszi meg a lakdsomat,kiadorn bdrbe. 17. Meglep6dtem, hogy felhivott. Ezer dve nem hallottam fel6le. IB. Jellemz6, hogy mindent elmond a sziileinek. 19. Furcsa,hogy kdsik. Mindig pontos szokott lenni. 20. Fontos, hogy mindenki rdszt vegyen a hidavat6n.
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Va Elk
,44 EI
trLr
asz DARI
FIar mot
EXER
1 Putt
I.I, 2. S
MooarlrsrcEolcrr PART 9
DARE(D) DO = Csak egyszerfijelen is egysznriimflt id6ben hasznrilhatjuk.
DARE (TO) DO = F,rysz,er(i is befejezrtt jelen valamint egysznrii ds befejezett mrilt id6ben, tovdbbd egyszerii jciv6 id6ben haszn{ljuk. DON'T DARE (TO) DO a) mer, merdszel Ebben az drtelemben a mai angol ny,elvben inkdbb a,,have the courage to do sth" vagy a,,to be afraid to do sth" kifejezdsthaszndljrik.
DARE(D) NOT DO a) mer, merdszel
Nem merem megtennl. I d.aren'tdn it. I d.on't d.areto d.oit. He d.arednotphone. I dnn't hovethe courageto dn it. Nem merte felhivni. Meg mered kdrdeznil Dare you ashhim? I'rn afraid to dn it. Do you d.areto ashhim? Meg rneredk6rdeznil He d.ared.(to) go there. Odir mert menni. He did.n't d.nre(to) pbonehim. Nem merte felhivni. Leszmerszedodamenni) Wl yow d.are(to) go there? Nem merem megtennr.
Hove yow eperdared.to objectto Te mertdl valaha is szembeszdllnia sziileiddell yyur pa.rents? b) miltatlankodds, felh:iborodds kifejezis{re Hogy mered ezt mondanil How d.areymt.sayit? How d.areyou? Hogy merdszeledf YOU DARE / DON'T YOU DARE = Csak azt merdszeld! / Ne merdszeld! Ne meriszeld megpr6b{lni! ,"thya, leviighatok a szoknyridb6l eg1'darabotl",,Csakazt meriszeld!"
Don't you dare try it! .Mwmtmy,can I cut a,pieceoffyowr skirt? "frw d.are!"
I DARE SAY = a) Val6sziniinek, elkdpzelhet6nek tartom. (Nem pedig,,Ki merem jelenteni, merem rillitani, hogy...") b) Elhiszem, hogy 6gy van, de ez a hellzeten nem v:iltoztat. hogy 6 csakegy csal6. Val6szir-rfi, ElLdpzelhet6,hogy holnap esni fog. ,,Mir elmilrltamtizennyolcives." ,,Elhiszem,de meg kell mutatnia a szemdlyi igazolv iny it!"
I d.aresaythat be is onl n swind.ler It will rain tomorran',I dare say. "Itvn wer IB.t' "I d.aresay,bwtyou haw to showrneyour ID."
DARE SY TO DO STH = Biztat, felbuzdft valakit valami olyasmire, ami meghaladja a kdpessigeit. Hadd ldssam)rnersz-eegy kerikcn motoroznif
I dare you to rid.eyowr motorbihe on one wheel.
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put the sentencesinto the given form. Tegyea mondatokata megadott form6ba! himtogoowoy. dore(to)osk orI didn'l not usk himlogoowoy. I . I daren'taskhim to go away (simplepast), dored 2. Shewon't dareto meethim. (simplepresent)
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MooeLvEnas 3. We didn't dare to say a word. (simple present) 4. How dare you speakto her like thatl (simple past) 5. Dare you ask her how old she isl (simple future) 6. He daresto do anything.(simplepast).......... 7. He darebreakinto that house.(simplefuture) ....:.............
67 .............;.............. I
formdiSt!. 2 Giveall the formsof dare do and daren't do. Adja meg a ,,daredo" 6)sa ,,daren'tdo" osszes a)
l. I dore doit. 4. We .....it.
2. You 5. You
I. I dsren'l doit. 4 . W e. . . . . . . . . .i .t .
2.You 5. You
b)
3 Give allthe forms of dare (to) do and don't dare (to) do in the presentsimple.Adja meg a ,,dareto do" 6s a ,,don't dareto do" osszesalakjdtegyszert jelenben! a)
b) I. I don't dare(to) do it. 4.We . . . . . .i t .
l
2.You b. Iou
4 Use to where it is possible to use it. Tegyeki a ,,to"-t, ahol lehets{ges!
PA]
I. He dares lo beat up anybody He is very sffong. : 2. She dare ...... walk home alone at night. Sheis very courageous. 3. I didn't dare ....... Ieavethe house.I was afraid of the soldiers. 4. Sheiladoesn'tdare ........ sleepalonein the flat. 5. I dare not ...... look out of the window becauseour office is on the 22ndfloot 6. Iulie dare not divorce her husband, becauseshe is afraid that he will beat her,' 7. My son doesn't dare .. . .... play with dogs becauseour neighbour's Alsatian {og has bitten him once.
'
ri
f 8. Will you dare.. . . . . speakaboutit in publicl Aren't you afraidof the consequences 9. How dareyou ...... tell me liesl I0. Do you dare.. . .... drivein Londonl I I. I wonderhow shedared. ...... giveup herjob. 12.I dareyou ...... jn-p offthe brldgewithout ropes. 13. Have yor, .u., a"r"i ... .. jump Jot fro- a movingcarf 5 Rewritethe sentencesusing have the courageto do sth or be afraid to do s,th where possible.Alakitsa6t a mondatokat a ,,have the courageto do sth" vagy a ,,be afreid to do sth'i felhaszn6l6s6val, ! ahol lehetsdges sporls. I. I will neverdareto tray extremsports.lwillnever have lhecourage lotryexlrene 2. How dareyou upsetyour grandmotherlNotpossihle. 3. I dare you to ride ttrat horse without a saddle. 4. Don't you dare to feed your little brother with sand. i, 5. Shehasneverdaredto usethe lift sinceshemovedinto that flat. ....................;..............,..'.,......,..,. 6. You say you daren't drive in the city centre) 7. You daren't betray your friends, dare youl 8. She didn't dare to jump out of the window. 9. I dare you to drive home with your eyesclosed. !.........r.....i. 10. Don't you daredeceiveus! .............
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co l.\
'l
1 \ 1 \ a
2.\
E E E
3.V
H F K
4.U
M S M M
Mooerlrsrcfotcx 6 Translatethe sentences.Fordftsa Ie a mondatokat! l. Hogy meriszelsz igy beszdlnia sziileiddelf 2. A kisl:inyom nem mer egyediil otthon lenni. (2) 3. En sclhanem mertern megpofozni a gyerekeimet. 4. Biztos vagy benne,hogy fet mered majd hivnil 5. A kozonsdgel6tt is el mered majd mondani ezt a versetl 6. Sohasemmerne elhagyniengem. 7. Haza mersz memi egyediil, vagy hazakisirjelek! B. Bdrmit meg mer csindlni,sohasemmit6l nem tart. (2) 9. Te randenizni mersz a taniiroddalf De hiszen6 hfsz dwel id6sebb ndlad! I0. Sajnosnem mertem megkdrni al<ez€t. 1I. En nem merem ezt megcsinrilni.Tril kocki.zatos. 12. Nem mer taldlkozniveled. 13. Nern mern6m vdllalni a kockdzatot. 14. Hogy mertdl besdtrilniaz 6nrh:6zbameziddbl 15. El mered majd mondaniazt, amit most nekem eimesdltil, a rend6rsdgenisl 16. Val6szinri,hogy 6 egy csal6. 17. Hadd l{ssam,meg mersz-efi.irodniebbena t6banl 18. Elkdpzelhet6nektartom, hogy mig ma megdrkeznek. " 19. ,,Apa, elszivhatok egy sz6lcigitf ,,Cs'akazt meriszeld!" 20. Ne merd elvinni az aut6t a meskirdezdsemndlkiil!
PART 10
coul.D, cAN, woul-D, wrLL - I(drds, 6haj, felajrinlds,engeddlykir6skifejezes6re l. Valakit megkiriilk
valamire:
Tudod tartani a vonalat? lLdn:i tartani a vonalatl Volna szfvestartani a vonalatl Thrtan{ a vonalatf Voh-raolyan kedvesds becsuknd az ablakotI
Con you hold.the kne,pleasel Could.you hold.the line, please? Will you hold the line, please? Woald.you hold.the line, please? Would.you be so hind. as to closethe windnw?
2. Valakit6l kdriink valamit: Egy kil6 almdt kdrek. Egy pohdr vizet kirnik. Egv csdszekdvdt szeretn6k.
please? Can I hovea kilo of apples, Could I hnveaglas ofwateqplease? I would.lihe a cupbf cffie, please.
3. Valakit6l engeddly kdriink, vagy valamit megengedtink: Haszndlhatn{m a f6nymrisol6t? Haszndlhatom a tolladat egy percref Kolcsonvehetndma tolldt egy percre)
Could I usethephotocopier? Can I useyourpenfor a rnornent? Mny I bonowyourpenfor a rninute? forrna!) (A ,M"y... )" a legudvariasabb
4. Valakinek felaj :inlunk valamit: Mit tehetek ondrt) Segfthetekl Majd dn segitek neked. Majd dn hozok egy aszpirint.
Whotcan I d.ofor you? Can I helpyou? I wi.ll helpyow. I'llget younn a'spiin. 101
Mooal venss 5. \hlakit valamivel kfnrilunk: Szeretndlvalamit innil K6rsz valamit enni)
Wowld.yoa lihe somethingto d.rinh? Would,you lihe sornethingto eat?
- FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Readthe situationsand write polite requesfs. Usecan or could. Olvassael a szitudci6kat6s k6rjen szfvessdget!Haszn1ljaa ,,can" 6s a ,,could" segddig6ket! 1..Youarea receptionistand you don't know how to write down a guesCsname.Yousay: pleose? none, huldyouspellyour 2. Youwant to buy a camerabut you don't know how to useit. Ask the assistant: 3. You are a stranger in the ciry and you don't know where the post-office is. Ask a passer-by: 4. The pullover that you are trying on is too small for you. Ask the shop assistant:
5. Youwant to buy an expensivebook but you areshort of money Ask your friend: 6. You have a shoe shop and you've ordered some shoes.Tell the supplier that you would like to get those shoeson Friday
2 Rewritethe sentencesso that they beginwith Do you think... . Be carefulwith the word order. Alakitsa6t a mondatokat ugy,hogy a ,,Doyou think..." bevezet6tagmondattalkezd6dienek! Ugyeljena sz6rendre! yu auWshow nehowlo useit? 1. Could you show me how to use it? Doyouthink 2. Couldyou lendme your car) ........... 3. Could I havebreakfastin the room| 4. Could I book a tablefor twol 5. Could you give me his addressl 6. Couldyou checkthenamesof theparticipantsl................. 7. Could you post this letter for'r'nel 8. Couldyou translatethis textinto Bnglish)................ 3 Make polite reguestsusing will, can, would, could + the given words. K6rjen szivessdgeta ,,rA/ill",,,can", ,,worJld",,,could" segedigek6s a megadott szavakfelhaszn6lSs6val! yw pasmethenh? youpasne thenlt?Could nn thctf,h? Wwld 1. pass/thesak Willyoupass metlrcnlt?hn youplss 2. dolafavour 3. open/thewindow..... 4. help/withthehousework.............. 5. shoflhow to usethis photocopier......... 6. frll inlthis form ....r....!.........,.....rr1.... 7 . s i g n / t h idso c u m e n t ....:............. to eachother......... 8. sii/closer 9. stop/cryinB 4 What would you sayin the following situations? Mit mondanaa kovetkez6szituilci6kban? I. Youcanseethat your friend is thirsry Offer him somethingto drink. youlikesomething Would lo drink? is looking for his pen.He can'tfind it. Offer him your pen. 2.You canseethat your class-mate
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MoosrLr srceorcEr 3. The soup drat you've ordered is cold. Ask the waiter to bring you another one. 4. You don't know dre time. Ask somebodyin the street. Excusm e e............. 5. You are travelling by plane. You know that your friend likes to sit next to the window. Offer him voLlr seat.
6. You can seethat your girlfriend is cold. Offer her your sweater'.
5 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. lack nem 6rti ezt az egyenletet.Volndl szfveselmagyar{zni nekil 2. Meg tudn{ mondani nekem,hogy jutok el az iillomdsraf 3. Volna olyan kedves,ds figyelne a csomagjaimra,amig visszanem jovokl 4. Haszr-rdlhatoma telefonjdtl 5. Feltehetcrna b6rondjdt a csomagtart6raf a poharamat) 6. Idehozr-rdd 7. Gondolod, hogy tudndl segfteninekeml B. Csendbenmaradndtokf Szeretndkt6v6t n(zni. 9. Gondolja, hogy kolcson tudnd adni nekem a bicildijdtl 10. Megtenne nekem egy szfvessdgetl 11. Gondolja, hogy id6ben le tudnik szdllitania szabadid6ruhdkat) 12. Hoznd,a szimldt, kdremf dsvdnyvizet) 13. K6rhemdk egy pohdr szdnsavmentes hozna nekem egy kdvdt a biifdb6ll 14. Voh-raolyan szives,ds I5. Gondolod, hogy el rudndd ezt nekemintdznil 16. Lenr-rdlolyan kedves,ds leforditandd nekem ezt az'irajinlarot?
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HADBETTER WOULDRATHER I T ' ST I M E I, T ' SH I G HT I M E
E)
1 C k
I. HAD BETTER DO / NOT DO = a) fobb lenne, ha valaki csindlna / nem csindlna valamit. b) ]obban tenn6, ha... / ha nem... Tw'd. bettertnhea taxc. They had.benerforget hirn. I'd. bener notgo there. I'd. better stay,had'n't I?
lobban tenndd, ha fogn:il egy taxit. Jobb lenne, ha elfelejtendk6t. ]obban tenndrn, ha nem menndk oda. Jobban tenndm, ha maradn6k,igaz? 2. a) | WOULD
RAIHER
t
DO / NOT DO= Inkdbb...
. I'd. rathergo hornenow I'd. rather notgo to woth now. "Are yowcoruing?""I'd' rather not." Wwld.yowratber d.rinhwnter?
Inkdbb most hazamenndk, Most inkdbb nem megyek dolgozni. nem." ,,Jcissz)",,Inkdbb Ink{bb vizet imdl)
( / ({
2C
5C et I
2 a
I'd. rathergo owt than staynt howe.
Inkdbb most elmenn6k valahovd, mintsem itdron maradjak. Most inkdbb tedt inndk, mint k{v6t. 3. I WOULD
RAIHER
SY DID / DIDN'T
I'd,rntherd.rinhtea than cffie. DO STH = Azt szeretndm, ha valaki inldbb.'.
Azt szeretndm,ha inkdbb itdron maradniil. Azt szeretndm,ha most inldbb mindenki t6vozna. Azt szeretnlm, ha inkdbb te vinndd a kutyrit sitrilni. Azt szeretndm,ha ma inkdbb nem menn6l el sz6rakozni. Aztszeretndm, ha inkdbb most nem dohdnyoznil. ,,Kinyithatornaz ablakot)",,Inkdbb ne."
I'd. ratheryou stnyed'at howe. left now. I'd. rather werybod.y I'd. rnther you tloh the d'ogfor a wnlk. I'd. rnther yowd,id.n'tgoout tod'ay. I'd, rntheryowd,id.n'tsmohenow. "Can I openthe windnw?" "I'd' rathn yoLtd'idn't."
4. IT'S TIME (FOR SD TO DO = Itt az ideje, hogy... It\ tirne (fo, ul togo hornenow. It\ tinoeto d.osowething.
Itt az ideje, hogy hazamenjtink. Itt az ideje, hogy tegyek valamit.
5. IT'S TIME SY DID STH = Itt azideje,hogy... (Altaftiban akkor hasznriljuk ezt avaltozatot, ha valamit mdr meg kellett volna csinrilni,vagy legaldbbneki kellett volna ldtni. Panaszt,ktitkit feiez-
4 5
6 7
3 W ra
sl
h,
1 2. 3 4. J.
6. n
4 Fin
hetiink ki vele.)
the car lt's wry d.irty. It\ titne wewashed.
Mdr ideje lenne, l'rogy lemossuk a kocsit. Nagyon koszos. Itt az ideje, hogy munkdt keressmagadnak. Mdr egy dve nem csindlszsemmit.
It\ tirneyoufownd.a job. 'hw anythingfor a'lenr nlw. haven'td.one
6. IT'S ABOUT TIME ... / IT'S HIGH TIME SY DID STH = Legf6bb ideje,hogy... (Er6skritika kifejezesdre.)
It\ high tiwe yougnvewpsm'oking. It\ obowttimeyowgaveup srnoking.
Legf6bb ideje, hogy leszokj a doh{nyzdsr6l.
104
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
5 Wr
1. 2.
TIME lT'srlME,lr's HIGH Hno sFnrn,woulD RATHER,
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES I Complete the sentences with a suitable verb. Sometimesyou have to use the negative' Egeszitse ki a mondatokat egy-egy odailt6 igevel! Ndha tagad6 alakot kell haszndlni. l. You haven'tdone the washing up yet. You'd better do it beforeyour Mum arriveshome. 2. Our teacheris not in a very good mood today We'd better notupselher. ....... him now. FIe must be at home. 3. ]ohn askedyou to call him b*ack.You'd bettei ...... it in the suruner holiday because 4. This book ii required reading.You had better later you won't havetime. . . .... to his form teacher. 5. Your son has got problems at school.You had better with your.rude remarks' he1 ..1 better You'd girl. ,Jntitiu" 6. )ill is a very tell him that you'll be late. and a ring Paul ... better .ro*, you'd " ,oT 7 . If yortdonit take more' better you'd maths' in mark 8. If vou want to get a better ... '. hirn up' better You'd now is sleeping 9. Your Dad is ve{, tired a1d Z Complete the sentences with a suitable verb! Sometimesyou have to use the infinitive sometimes the past form! Egeszftseki a mondatokat a megfelel6 igevel! Haszndliaa f6ndvi igenevet vagy a m(tlt idei1 ahkot! now. 1. It's very late. It's time togohome now. 2. It's very late. It's time we wenlhome .........it. 3. Youroom is very untidy It's time you ... 4. It's very cold in the flat. The temperature is only 18 degrees.It's time 5. Their train leavesat 10 o'clock. Ii's 9.30 now Ii's time they station. ." the tank' 6. The car is running out of petrol. It's time .' ....'.. to bed' 7.The children"t. i..y sleepirIt's time th.y ...
'.'.. for the railway
3 Write sentences using I'd rather... + one of the foltowing phrases.irion mondatokat az ,,1'd rather" kifeiezlssel 6s az atdbb megadott kifeiezesekegyikevel! stay here
eat something cold
have a cup of coffee
stay at home
walk
go-to-thf-tffie
phone him later
goto thelheotre insleod. I. Do you wanr to go to rhe cinema at the weekend?l'd rather 2. Shallwe go out tonightf ................ 3. I think we shouldgo home now. .'.'..'... 4. Wouldyou like to havea cup of tea?...'.......'..'. 5. Do you want rne to give you a liftl 6. Shall I cook something for dinner? 7. Would you like to give him a ringl 4 Finishthe sentences using your own idea. Feiezzebe a mondatokat! l. I am very tired so l'drathernolgooullonighl. 2. Sheis not hungry so shewould rathernot............. 3. I arn not well this morning so I'd rathernot ......'..... 4. Shehasoverworkedso shewould rathernot .......'.... 5. Sheilar.villhave a very difficult exam tomorrow so shewould rather not.........." 6. Tom is on a slimrningdiet so he would ratler not.'.......'.. 5 Write sentences using than. irjon mondatokat a ,,than" kotdszo felhaszndl6sdval! l. (havea snacldgoto a restauran) I'drotherhaveosnocklhongoto0rcsllurln| 2. (go jogging/do aerobics)
105
TIME Hno aFflen,woulD RATHER, rr'srME,rr's HIGH
3. (call him backlater/waitfor him) 4.(go by underground/takea bus) 5. (lie down/takean aspirin) 6 Completethe sentencesusing would you rather 1.... Don't forget to use the pastform of the verb.Egdszftsekia mondatokata,,Wouldyou rather l..." szerkezettel/Ne felejtseel, hogy most az ige mult idejfi alakj6t kell haszn6lni! yourather L Ale you going to do the shoppingor would I didit? 2. Are you going to translatethesesentences or......... 3. Are you going to answerthe door or .............. 4. Are you going to collectdre childrenfrom dre nurseryor.............. 5. Are you going to depositthe money in the bank or.............. 6. Are you going to rnakelunch or.....
t,
A 6l P, kr m m
7 Useyour own ideas to complete the sentences.Eg6szftseki a mondatokat! l. "Would you like me to stay here with you)" "Nq f'd rather you /efinow" 2. Do you want rne to help you with your homework or would you rather .... it alonef 3. Would you like to go to the opera at dre weekendor would you rather ..... a play in the theatre. 4. I'm not satisfiedwith your marks so I'd rather you .... .... harder. 5. I like the teachershere but I'd rather they . .. .. . ... a bit stricter. 6. I'd rather you .. talking becauseI want to concentrateon my work. 7. She is very drirsry so she would radrer . . . ... something now. 8. Yclurbrother is very tired so he'd rather .... a rest. 9. Your brother is very tired so I think he would rather we .... . him alone.
2.
A m( M nii he m( mi
8 Translatethe sentences. Fordltsa le a mondatokat! l. Leg{6bb ideje, hogy cisszehdzasodjatok ds csalddotalapitsatok. jobban 2. En inkdbb szeretndktanulni, mint dolgozni. 3. Ideje lenne belenyugodnod :r helyzetbe. 4. Almos vagyok, fgyhogy inkribb most lefekiidn6k. 5. Szeretnid, hogy segftsek,vagy inkdbb csindlod egyediilf 6. Itthon szeretndl maradni, vagy inlcdbb elmenndl valahovd sz6rakoznil 7. Nem hiszem, hogy olyan j6l megy az iskola. Igy inkdbb szivesebbenvenndm, ha ddlutrinonkdnt tdbbet tanulndl. B. Itt az ideje, hogy bricsrit vegyiink. 9. Inkdbb sdtdlndk,mint kocsivalmenjek. I0. Azt akarod, hogy elkisdrjen,vagy jobban szeretndd,ha inkdbb itt maradnaf 11. Jobbanszeretndrn,ha err6l inkdbb nem beszdlndlsenkinek. L2. Ez az ernldk tul fiijdalmas nekem, rigyhogy err6l inkdbb most nem beszdlndk. 13. Azt szeretndm,ha ink:ibb egyiitt menndnk oda. 14. Tom ^ztszeretnl, ha dn inkdbb kint maradnik. 15. Jack inldbb most lefekiidne, mintsem hogy megn(zzeezt az unalmasfilmet. 16. Jobban szeretnirn, ha lehalkitanid a t6v€t.Tril hangos. 17. kr az ideje, hogy beszdljiink a riszletekr6l. 18. Ideje lenne mdr elfelejtened6t. 19. Jobb lenne,ha nem menndl oda egyediil. 20. Jobban tennd, ha nem keverednebele. 21. Jobban tenndm, ha a sajdt feladataimrakoncentrdlndk. 22. Jobban tennd, ha nem hivnd ki a rend6rsiget. 23. Jobban tenndnk, ha most elmondaniink neki az igazat. 24. Jasonjobban tenni, ha elhagyndaz orszdgot. 25. )obban tenndd, ha nefn enndd meg azt a hrist. Romlott.
3.
Af bar BE
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l I
4.\ Av ton
A
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r I
il u P
al
106
(if) CLAUSES CONDITIONAL MOD FELTETELES MoD sr-so ripuse r. FELTfTELES A felt6teles m6d els6 tipusdba azok amondatok tartoznak, amelyek lehetsdgesfeltitelt fejeznek \i_e_1 mellikmondatban SIMPLE dltaldban a jiiv6re vonltkoznak. A f6mondatban WILL segdd-igd_t_,.a mindig az,,iP'-fel pRESENT tnNSr-tTnGySZER(i Melldkmondatnak haszniilunk. ID6T IELEN Ha az ,,i?'-es felcserdlhet6. sorrendje melldkmondat is a A f6mondat kezd6d6 mondat min6siil. melldkHa az,,iP'-es a f6mondatt6l. el v{lasztjuk vessz6vel mellikmon dat az els6 helyen iill, akkor vessz6t. mondat a fi6mondatot kciveti, akkor nem hasznilunk I wiU d0 it if you d.oit too. If you d.oit, I will d.oit too.
Megcsiniilom,ha te is megcsin{lod. Ha te is megcsindlod,dn is megcsindlom.
2. FELTfTELESMOD UASOOTXripUSa A felt6teles m6d mdsodik tipusa kevisbd val6szinii, de mdg megval6sithat6 feltitelt t4rl_\._!!6,; mondatban WOULD segddigdt, az if-es melldkmondatban SIMPLE PAST TENSE-I / EGYSZERU MULI ID6T hasznflun-k. C,,to be" m(rlt idejekint kordbban minden szemdlyben a WERE-I haszn{ltdk, ma mdr azonban a WAS haszn{lata is helyes. Kivdtel ez al6l az ,,If I were you'..." (H1.." helyedten lenndk...) szerkezet. Ezt mindig ebben a formdban haszndljuk. A melldkmondat ds f6mondat sorrendje toviibbra is felcserdlhet6, ds a vessz6 haszniilatdra:uryan z a szab{ly vonatkozik, mint a feltdteles m6d els6 tipusa esetdn. I would. do it if yow did. it too. If you d.id.it, I would do it too. If he was/were there, we would' be happy. If I ntereyou, I wouldn't do it.
Megcsindlndm,ha te is megcsindlndd. Ha megcsir-r{lndd,dn is megcsindlnrim. Ha 6 is ott lenne, boldogok lenndnk. Ha a helyedbenlennik, nem tenndm ezt. 3. FELIETELES
MOD HARMADII(
TiPUSA
A feltdteles m6d harmadik t(pusa lehetetlen, mdr nem megval6sithat6 feltitelt feiezkt. A f6mondatban a WOULD HAVE + IGE 3. alakjrit, az if-es melldkmondatban a PAST PERFECT TENSE-t / BEFEJEZETT MULT ID6T haszniiljuk. A tagmondatok sorrendjdre is a vessz6haszndlatdra ugyanaznk a szabdlyok drvdnyesek, mint a feltdteles m6d els6 is m{sodik tipusa eset6n. Megcsindltam volna, ha te is megcsindltadvolna. Ha megcsin.iltad volna, in is megcsindltam volna. 4. VEGYES FELIETELES
I wowld.haw d.oneit if you ltad.d.oneit too. If yowhad.done it, I woald ltave d.oneit too.
MOD
A vegyes feltdteles m6d aztjelenti, hogy kiilonbciz6 tipusir feltiteles m6dot haszndlunk egy mondaton bittit. Pdlddul a f6mondatot 2. feltdteles, a mellikmondatot 3. feltdteles m6dba tessziik. I wowld.d.oir if yow had' ako done it earlier
Megcsindl,ndm,ha koribban te is rnegcsin{ltadvolna. . A feltiteles mondatok kcit6szavai:
if = ha unless = hacsaknem (Az angol mondatban nem kell mdg egyszertagadni.) provided = felt6ve, ha as long as/so long as = amerulyiben, feltdve ha
107
Cot'totttoruel cLAUsEs as if = mintha suppose/supposing= tegytik fel, hogy.. rni lenne,ha... (what if)
rl
I
Ezekre a kcit6szavakrarugyalnuL a szabClyvonatkozik, mint az ,rif'-re, vagyis ut{nuk vagy SIMPLE PRESENT, vagy SIMPLE PAST,vagy PAST PERFECT hasznrilhatd. Hacsaknem futsz,le fogod kisni a buszt. Kolcsonadomaz aut6mat,feltdveha nem hajtaszgyorsan. Amennyibenleteszeda vizsgit, veszi.ink npkedegy aut6t. Ugy tesz,mintha az ovflenne a lakds. Tegyiik fel, hogy a gdp kdsik. : Mi vanha a gCpkdsikf Tegytikfel, hogy tudta vo.lna.= Mi lett volna ha, ha tudta volnal
Unlessyou ?^iln,lntt will missthebus. I'll lend.yoa my carprwid,od,yoa dnn't drivefnst. theetca,//t, '4s long asyotlpa,Es wewill buy a carforyw. theflat. He a,ctsa.sif heowned. = Sappose thefl.ight is d.elayed.. Whnt will happen/Whotif theflight is d.elayed.l Sapposo hehad hnownit. = Whnt if hehad hnownit?
ol
.h
n pEgyCb fontos nrdnival6k a feltdteles mondatokrdl:
Az
. K6pess6gkifejezdsefeltCtelesm6dban:
Ha
l \
Feltdtelesm6d els6 tipusa:
'I
Ha te meg tudod csindlni,dn is meg tudom csindlni. Ha nekedsikeri.ilmegcsindlni,nekemis sikeriilni fog.
Ifyow con do it, I catodo it tao. If ym.'reablen dnit,I'll beableto d.oit too.
FeltCtelesm6d m:isodik tipusa: Ha te meg tudnrid csindlni,6sis meg tudnrim csinrilni. Ha sikeriilnemegcsindlnod,nekemis sikeriilne.
Ifyow cowld.d,oit, I couldalsod,oit. If you wereablen dnit, I would. ahobeableto dnit.
2
Az, maI id6. .ff I
Feltdtelesm6d harmadik t{pusa:
.ff
Ha te meg tudtad volna csindlni, 6n is meg tudtam volna csindlni. Ha nekedsikeriilt volna megcsindlni, nekemis sikeriilt volna.
Ifyou had beenable to d,oit, I coald,hopadaneit too. Ifyou had,beenableto dnit, I wowld. hwe beenableto dnit tao.
E
ni
E ni
$rWyebmt
N h:
A feltdteles m6d harmadik tipusdnil a melldkmondatban (if ut:in) csak a HAD BEEN ABLE TO haszndlhat6.
trrff
.If I were you = ha a helyedben lenndk
HaJt
If I wereyow,I would.n'tbayh.
Ha a helyedben lenndk, nem venndm meg. .Even if = mdg akkor is ha, akkor sem ... ha
IIa es
Holnap el kell bfcsfznom, akkor is ha nem akarok.
I will hwe n saygood.-hye to/noffow wm if I dndt waltt to.
Akkor sem adniim eI nekik, ha egymilli6 dolldrt kinrilnrinak irte.
I would.n'tsellit to thern,won if theyoffered. nteoneruillion dnllarsfor it.
108
voo FrlrneLrs .If it weren't for... = Ha nem lenne... If it hadn't been for... = F{a nem lett volna... If it weren't fw the bad.weather, we wowld' go on a wip. If it hndn't beenfor the bnd roeotlteqwe would.havegone on a triP.
Ha netn lennerosszaz id6. elmenndnkkir{ndulni. Ha nem lett volna rosszaz id6. elmentiink volna kir'indulni.
. But for = If it weren't for / If it hadn't beenfor : FIa nem lenne... I Ha nem lett volna... But for yowrporents'f.at, we would liue in d.igs. Bwt for yowrparents'flat, we wowld.hnvelived.in d.igs.
Ha a sziileid lal
.In casehontraif = Arra az esetreha..., Abban az esetbenha... Az,,in case" uti.n SIMPLE PRESENI
SIMPLE PAST vagy SHOULD
rillhat.
Hasonlitsa cissze! If the weatheris bad., I will alsotake a pullover with rne. I will tahea pwllwer with nce, in casetbe weather is bad..
Hil rosszid6 lesz, viszekmagammalpul6vert is. Viszek magtrmmalpul6vert is, arraaz esctrc,ha rosszid6 lesz.
Az els6 esetben csak akkor viszrm el a pul6vert, ha rossz id6 lesz, ha siit a nap nem viszem mlgammal. A mdsodik esetben akkor is elviszem, ha dpp si.it a nap: mert kds6bb mdg rosszra fordulhat az id6. .If + should = Ha netdn...,F{a esetleg...
meethirn,g'ittehim my regards. If yowshould.
Ha netiin taldlkoznil vele,add dt iidvozletem.
. If + will/would = Ha hajland6 lesz... / Ha hajland6lenne...
If hewill dn it, I will beveryhnPPy.
Ha hajland6leszmegcsin{lni, nagyor-r boldog leszek. Ha hajland6lenne megcsindlni, nagyonboldog lenndk. Nem fogorn elkiildeni neki, hacsaknem leszhajland6 fizeuri drte. .,,If' elhagydsa forditott
d.oit, I would'beveryhappy. If hewowld. I will notsendit to hitn wnleshewill payfor it
sz6renddel: Egyenessz6renddel: If I wereJnch,I wowld.n'tg0 tbere. Forditott sz6renddel: WereI Jach, I wowld.n'tgo there. Egyenessz6renddel: If yowshould.nmbe lnterygiue me a ring. Fordfton sz6renddel; Shouldyou arcivelaterygive rnen ring. Egyenessz6renddel: If you bnd.beenthere,yowwowldltapernetber Forditott sz6renddel: IIod. you been there,you wowld hapernet her
Ha Jackhelyiben lenndk,nem mennik oda!
Ha esedegkds6bbdrkezndl,hivj fel!
Ha ott lettdl volna- tal:ilkoztdl volna vele.
109
CoNonorunlCLAUSES
- FELADATOK EXERCISES l l
1 What will you do in the following situations?IJsethe first conditional. Mit fog tenni a kovetkezd helyzetekben?Haszndljaa feltdtelesm6d els6 tipusdt! Polace. I willhove s lookot Buckhingon to London, I. Youtravel to London. lf I trovel 2. Youloseyourjob............ 3. Youget ill. .................. 4 . Y o u[ o h o m e . .................. 5. Yourflightis delayed. 6. Youareboredwith your work.............. 7.Yourfriendsgo roundto your place......... 8. Youearnsomeextramoney 2 Lookat the chainof events.Describeit using the first conditional.IJsesimple presentin the ,,if" clauseand future simplein the main clause.irja le az esemdnylilncota feltdtelesrnod elsStipus6" a f6mondatban naksegitsdgdvellA ,,if"-es mell1kmondatbanhaszndljaaz egyszerfijelen id6t, ': i;' | : pedig az egyszerfijov6 id6t! L I'll fail the entrance exarn. 3. I will go to England for a year. 5. I will passthe entrance exarn. 7. I will study English literature and linguistics.
2. I won't be admiaed to the university' 4. I will speakEnglish fluendy 6. I will get into the university 8.My English will be even better
'I
n theuniversiff. I. lf lfoiltheenlrame exorn, lwon'lheadnined 2. lf l umnotudnittedto .............
3 What would you do in the following situations?lJse the s.econdconditional. Mit tenne a kovetkez6 helyzetekben?Haszndljaa felt6telesm6d mdsodik tipusdt! I would take it to thepolke. o purse in theslreel, I. Youfind a pursein the sueer.lf I found 2.You win a lot of money 3. Somebodyis knockingat the door at night. 4.Youdamageyourfriend,Scar.'.......'.'.:.......'....... 5.Yourneigfr.boursaremakingtoomuchnoise......'... ..............:... 6. A manis lyingin themiddleof thero1d.......... 7.Yourcarbreaksdownon a busyroad.......... 8. Youloseyour identitycard........... 4 Describethe chainof eventsusing thesecond conditional.irja te az esemdnylilicota feltdteles m6d mdsodik tipusdnak segitsegdvel! ,. 2.I stayat home. I. The weather is bad. 4. I don't have to write it in the morning. 3. I do my homework. 5. I have time to have a chat with my classmates.6. I tell them what happened to me at the weekend. , 7.They laugh at me.
wosbod, I wouh!slay athome. L. lf theweolher
110
I /1
l-
t tt ' l
l l
ll_
FttnELesvoo 5 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimesyou have to use the first conditional, sometimes the second conditional. Tegyeaz ig6ket a megfelelS alakba! HasznSliaa feltdteles mod els6 vagy m(tsodik tipusdt! him.(not / tease) tease 1..If I were vou, / wouldn't .. dismissedf(be) 2. What will she do if she will be ableto solveit. (concentrate) the problem, you ...... on 3. If vou unfaithful to you) (be) 4. Would you leaveher if she ...... us if they find scxneevidence.(inform) 5. They .. lessthan you expect.(pay) 6. Will you acceptthe job if they me to do her a favour if sheweren't in trouble. (not / ask) 7. SI-re .. his book without askinghiml (borrow) B. Would he mind if L.. a houseon fire) (see) 9. What rvould you do if you .. involved if I heard somebodycrying for help. (not / get) 10. L . you my secretonly if'you promisethat you won't tell it to anyone.(tell) I 1. L 12.If I . . . . . .h i m , I w o u l d a p p l y f o r t h a tj o b . ( b e ) flowers for her, shewill be very happy (buy) 13. If you (not / mind) 14. I rvill closedre window, if you 6 Answer the questions following the example. Valaszoljona kdrd6sekrea pdlda alapi6n! " 'No. (miss d-rctrain) lf wewenlon fool,wewouldmiss thelrain." J. "Why don'r we go or1footf " " N o . " S h a l l ........................ ( b et o o e a r l y )I f . . . . . 2. w c l e a v er f o w " "No. "Whv (everybody/ I:rughat me) don't you put on this coat)" 3. 4. "Shall rve have a hamburgernow)" No. (cannoteat dinner) 5. "Lct's go by taxi." "No. (be too expensive)
7 lJseyour own ideas to complete these sentences.Egdszits:eki a mondatokat! weight. 1. If 1,6sdidn't e'.rtfattv dishes,youwouldlose 2. Hc wouldn't be sleepy 3. Woulclyou calldre policeif ............... 4. If vou were ill5. I woulclgive money to the poor if....... children)................ 6. If I l-rad 8 Match the c/auses. Keresse meg az osszeillS tagmondatokat!
f f i. . . IfI had stayedin a hotel,... If dre farnily had paid a ransom,... If we had travelledby plane,... If shehad takenmy advice,.. . Ifdre robberhad escaped,...
... it rvouldhavecost too much. rvould havebeentnorecomfortable. ... the jourr-rey rvould havecaught him very quicldy ... dre police ... shc wouldn't havegot into trouble. ... their son would have been released. ...
verydkoppointed. I . lf hehoddeceived me,I would haveheen L
3 .4 T
5 o
111
Coruorrorunl cLAUsES 9 Put the verb into the correct form. Tegyeaz iget a megfelel1 alakba! I. It's good that I savedmoney If I hodn't soued (not/have) enoughmoneyI couldn't havebought (not/buy) this car. 2. It's a pity that you didn't win the race.If you ..... (win) rherace,we .......(be)veryhappy 3. I didn't know Jack'sphone ntrmber.If I ....
4 il "k";;;-;;; ilolflifl?.I.]
.
(know) it, I
.
(miss) it,she
taxi. 5. Jasonwas taken to hospital with seriousinjuries. If he . he .... . (g.t) injured. 6. Why didn't you tell me that your teacherwould visit us) If I ... . (clean) the flat. 7. Why didn't you preparefor your examf If you
(take) a ... (fasten) the seatbelt, .... it (know), I
. (srudy) hard, you
swnlairf: ;if ilgl{J.t#"r v'u ;;;; ;b;;; *:Ti:}:}him' 10 Writea sentencewith if for each situation.irjon feltttelesmondatokat minden egyes szitudci6ra! I. I didn't know that he had that book so I boughtit for him. lf I hodknown thothehudthothook, I wouldn't have hought it forhim. 2. Tim's wife wasvery sadbecause he forgot abouttheir weddinganniversary 3. I didn't take the book back to the library in time so I had to pay a fine.
13
4. Sue didn't go to the cinema becauseshe had to write an essalz 5. As I missedthe bus. I had to walk home. 6. My sister didn't have enough money on her so she borrowed some from her friend. 7. You used a cheat-sheetbut your teachernoticed it and she took away your rest-paper. 8. You were often late for your work so your bossgave you the sack.
11 Match the sentences.Keressemeg az osszeill6tagmondatokat! Shewon't speakto you... You won't get a promotion... You can take my car... They'll be very proud of themselves... Youact... lle won't give it to you...
... as if you knew everything. ... aslong asthey can finish the race. ... provided you don't drive very fast. ... unlessyou apologiseto her. ... evenif you pay for it. ... unlessyou work harder.
14 l . ihewon'tspeok youapologise toyouunless to her.
t
2. 3.
1
4. 5. 6.
a J
.} A
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Frlrnelrsvoo 12 Rewriteeachsentenceso that it containsthe word in capital.Alakitsa6t a mondatokatugy, hogy tartalmazzdka nagybetAvelmegadottszavakat! PROVIDED
l. I'[ let you go out only if you get homebeforemidnight. yougethome nidnight. before l'll letyougooutprovided 2. Wewon't go on a trip if the weatheris bad.
LINLESS
3. What would you do if you met an alien?
SUPPOSING
4. I don't carethat you bring witnesseshere. I won't believeyour storyl
EVEN IF
5. We won't get there in time if we don't take a taxi.
UNLESS
6. Sl-rewill lend you some money only if you pay it back before the weekend.
PROVIDED
7 . What would happen if they went on strikef
SUPPOSING
8. It doesn'tmatter that you beat him up. He will nevertell you the trudr.
EVEN IF
9. If we don't get there in time, we'll phone you.
AS LONG AS
I0. If somebodyfrom his family doesn'tget ill, he won't come home.
LINLESS
13 Put the foltowing sentencesinto the secondand third conditional.Tegyea kovetkez6mondato' kat mdsodik6s harmadik feltdtelesmodba! L I'll be ableto help you if you cantell me somethingaboutthe case. youif youcould obout thecase. tellmesomething I would heohhto help youif youhodheen oboul thecuse. totellmesomelhing ohle hove heen ohle to help I would you can come to my offrce. it onlv if 2. Wecandiscuss Wecould discus it only if yoi could corttomyoffke. tomyoffiee. ohle to cone Wecould hove discused it onlyif youhadheen 3. Youcanenteronly if you cangivethe password.
4. He can keep his medal only if he can prove that he didn't take steroids.
5. They will be able to catch the murderer if they can identi$r the fingerprints.
6. We can find a solution if we can co-operate.
14 Rewritefhe sentencesomitting if. Alakitn 6t a mondatokat hgy, hogy nem haszniSliaaz,,if" kot6sz6t! I. If I were you, I would deposit the money in a bank. themoney in o honk. WereI you,I woulddeposit 2.If you should miss dre train, give me a ring. 3. If I had beenthere,I would haverun away.......... 4. If she were to leaveyou, what would you dol 5. If they shouldfind someevidence,let me know .........
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- Frnnelrs Hloo CoruorrrorunL cLAUsES 15 Startthe senfenceswith But for..., lf it weren't for... or lf it hadn't been for.... Kezdjea mondatokata ,,Butfor...", az ,,lf it weren'tfor..." vagyaz ,,lf it hadn't beenfor..." szerkezetekkel! l. If the weatherhadn't beenbad,we would havewon the race. lf it hodn't been forthebodweother, wewould have wonlheroce. Butforthehodweather, wewould wonlheruce. hove 2.If yo:udidn't helpdrem,theywould fail the exam. But for 3. If Iohn hadn't been drere, we would have been in trouble.
4. If the car was roadworthy we would go to seeyou.
5. If drey hadn't had children, drey would have got divorced.
16 Translatefhe sentences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. F{a nem leszelotdron, nagyorl csal6dott lesz. 2. Hahdw(.g(n sz6plesz az id6, kertdszkednifogunk. 3. Alckor sernfogok segfteninekik, ha megkdrnekrd. 4. Aldcor is el fogok rnenni a buliba, ha apa nem enged el. 5. Elviheted az aut6rnat, feltdve ha nem ldped tul a sebessdgkorli^toz{st. 6. Ha Jackfelmond, dn sem fogok itt maradni. 7. Le fog'1iL< kdsni a jiratot, hacsaknem fognak egy ta-rit. B. El fog feledkezni a taldlkoz6r6l, hacsaknem emldkeztetedri,. 9. Itt maradhatsz,feltdve ha csondbenmaradsz. 10. Eladod nekem az aut6dat, ha kdtszerannyit fizetek 6rte, mint amennf it drl 1l. Mi van, ha elkdsnekaz el6adi,sr6l? 12. Megcsindlom a hdzi feladatodat, ha f6zol nekem kdvdt. 13. Megvenndm ezt a cip6t, ha nem lenne ilyen drdga. 14. Megtenndl nekern egy szfvessdget,ha megkdrnilek rdf 15. Tegyiik fel, hogy itt lesznek6k is, rnit mondandl nekikf 16. Ugy viselkedsz,mintha te lenndl itt a f6nok. L7. El nrdndd hinni, ha azt mondand.m,hogy drtatlan vagyok) IB. Ha osszerudnink jonni, megbeszdlhetndnk pdr dolgot. 19. Ha sikeriilne megfejtenitik a k6dot, meg tudndnak szcjkni. 20. I(dpes lenndl elaluclni,ha tudn{d, hogy valaki bdrmikor bemel-retahi^zadbal 2I. fhl{lkozhattunk volna, ha kordbban megbeszdltiinkvolna egy id6pontot. 22. Ha tudtrfl volna vezetni, akkor hazajohettdlvolna. 23. Ha a rend6rsdg azonositani tudta volna a vdrnyomokat, gyorsan elfoghatta volna a gyilkost 24. Ha esedegtaldlkozndl Tommal, mondd meg neki, hogy jobbul'ist kiv:inok. 25. Ha esedegk6s6bb irkezndk, telefondlni fogok nektek. 26. Ha esedegnem drsz ide, hivni fogjuk a zsarukat. 27. Ha hajland6 lesz egylittmiikodni veliink, nem lesz mit6l tartania. 28. Ha hajland6 lenndl kifizetni a kdrt, nem fordulrldk a rend6rseghez. 29. Ha hajland6 lesz elismerni a biinciss1.gdt,a bir6srig csak kdt dv bortonbiintetdsre itdli. 30. Ha a helyemben lett volna, ugyanazt tette volna, mint dn. 31. Ha nern lenne Tom, elmenndk kiil{iildre. 32. Ha nem lettdl volna, meghirlhattam volna. 33. Ha nem lenne rossz az aut6, mi is tltban lenndnk R6ma feld. 34. Ha nem lett volna a sioktatd, nem tudtam volna megtanulni sielni. 35. Amennyiben a hatdrid6n rul nyujtjdtok be a jelentdst,nem fogjuk tudni megjelentetni.
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l t
\
E t(
E
I W I S H. . , I FO N L Y. .. BARCSAK... rfpzfs, rrRszxAr.et: Kivdnsiig, 6haj kifejezdsdre a WISH igdt 6s az IF ONLY sz,erkezntethaszndlhatjuk. l. /elenre vagy jciv6re vonatkoz6 kivrinsrig, 6haj kifejezese: a) r \4[sE-/-rF ONLY+ AT.ANY + STMPLE PAST vagy PAST CONTTNUOUS Ezt a szerkezetet akkor haszndljuk, ha a jelen helyzettel nem vagyunk megeligedve, de vdltoztatni sajnos nem tudunk rajta. A ,,to be" is a ,,to have",-illetve egyib dllapotot ktfejezrt igdkkel mindig ezt a szerkezetet haszndljuk Biircsaksz€pid6lenne. (De sajnosmost rosszid6 van.) Bdrcsakne kellenesokat dolgoznom. (De muszdj.) Ilircsak nrdndm a cimdt. (De nem rudom, fsv most nem tudom felkeresni.) (De most sajnosnem tud.) Ii'ircsakveliink jor-u-re. Bdrcsakcsnemost az es6.(De most nem esik, ds az unalmasel6addssem marad el.) Biircsaklenne aut6m.
I wishtheweatherwasnice. If only the weatherwasnice. I wish/ If only I didn't haveto worksoruwch I wish/If only I knewhis address. I wish/ If only he wascowing n ith wsnon'. I wish/ If only it wasraiuing ttltv. I wish/ If only I had.a cnr
b) r \4rrsH / rF ONLY + AI-ANY + WOULD Ezt a szerkezetet a fentihez hasonl6an akkor haszndljuk, ha a beszel6 eldgedetlen a jelen helyzettel ds azt szeretnl, hogy valami bekiivetkezzik, vagy valaki megtegyen valamit..Illewe, ha olyan.kiviins{g16l van sz6, amEiy a kds6bbiek sordn mig ikrir be is kcivetkezhet, 6s ezlrt maga a besznl6 is tehet valamit. Csak cseielcv6igdkkel, illewe v{ltozdst l
B'ircsakelillna az es6. B{rcsaksikeriilne:r vizsgd.m. lliircsakmegtenndnekem ezt a szivessiget. Bdrcsakvennenekemvalaki egy lak{st.
ntisb/ wish/ wish/ urish/
If If If If
onl^tit wowldstopraining. only I wowld.pns the exarn. only he wowld.d.om.ethisfmzur. would buv nte a Jlnt . only somebocl]
2. Mtiltra vonatkoz6, teliesii{hetetlen kivilnsdg kifejezdsdre: I WASH / IF ONLY + AI.ANY
+ PAST PERFECT
Ezt a szerkezetet akkor hasznriljuk, ha a multban valami olyan dolog kcivetkezett be, aminek a megtcirtdntjdt sajndljuk, de azon viiltoztatni m:fr nem lehet. I wish/ If onlyyow hnd.f.n'ished'your stwdies at the college. I wish/ If only I hnd.gonet0 tbepa'rty. I wish/If onlyI hadn't phoned'hinr'. I wish/ If only I hadn't sold'ruyJlat.
Bdrcsakbefejeztedvolna a f6iskolaitanulm{nvaidat. B:ircsakelmentemvoln'aa buliba. B{rcsakne hivtam volna fel telefonon. Biircsakne adt.amvolna el a laki.somat.
- FELADATOK EXERCISES l Write sentencesbeginning with I wish.... irjon mondatokataz,,l wish..." szerkezettel! togoto school. ]. Youwant to stay21rhome but you haveto go to school.lwishI didn'thave 2. Yor.rcan't speakEnglish but you'd love to. 3. You would like to be at dre seanow: 4. You live in a flat but you'd like to have ir house.
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I w t s n . , ,k, o r u L v . . . 5. It is rainingbut you don'tlikeit. .............. 6. Youhavenothing to readandyou'rebored. 7. Youdon't know any peopleat the party andyou feellonly 8. Youaresitting in a boring meetinginsteadof lying in the sun. 9. Youwant to buy a car but you don't haveenoughmoney I0. You'remissingjtour family Theyaren'ttherewith you. .......... 2 Writesentenceswith t wish... . irjon mondatokataz ,,1wish..." szerkezettel! l. What would you like to be doingnowl I wishlwaslyinginhednow. 2. Whatwouldyou liketo havelI wish........ 3. Wherewould you like to be) I wish 4. Who would you like to be herewith youl I wish 5. What would you like to be ableto dol I wish 3 What would you say in the following situations?UseI wish... would.../ wouldn't.... Mit mondana a k6vetkez6szitudci6kban?Haszndljaaz,,lwish... would.../wouldn't..."szerkezetet! I. Youwould like to passthe exambut you haven'tstudiedhard recendyYouhopethat you will pass pastheexom. it. You say:lwishtw'ould 2. Yourcar is very slow.Youwould like it to go faster.Yousay: 3. You like your daughter's boidriend. You want them to get married. You say: 4. Your nephew got lost in the forest. The rescueteam is trying to find him now. You say:
6. Your son wants to live abroad but you wouldn't like it. You hope he will changehis mind. You say: 7 . Your neighbour always usesrude words in front of your children. You don't like it. You say: 8. You wouldn't like Tom to come to the party You don't like him. You say:
4 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form. Use would or unreal past after ,,1wish". Tegyea z1rojelben lev6 ig6ket a megfelel6 alakba. HasznSlja a ,,would" segediget vagy a m(tlt id6t! l. I wish you were(be) nicer to him. 2. I wish I .. . .. . .. . ... (.* speak)a foreign language. 3. I wish my children (go) onto universitlz 4.IwishL..... ....(have)moreexperience. 5. I wish she ... .. . . .. (not complain) about everything. 6 . I w i s hh e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( n o t h a v et o ) j o i n t h e a r m i z 7. I wish you .. (not be driving) so fast. 8, I wish the weather .. (b") nice tomorrow. 9. I wish my parents .....(buy) that flat for me. 10. I wish he .... (not change)his mind. 11. I wish somebody (help) me. 12. I wish we .... ..... (have)a car. 13. I wish my family ............. lnot live)so far away 5 What would you say in the following situations? Use I wish + past pertect. Mit mondana a kovetkez5 helyzetekben? Az ,,1 wish" utdn haszn1lja a befejezett m1lt id6t! I. You regret being rude to your mother. You say: lwishlhadn'theen sorudetony Mum. 2. When you were yourlg you gave up your studiesat the university It annoys you a lot. You say:
116
BnRcsax.. 3. Your husband didn't fasten the seat belt and he suffered serious injuries. You say: 4. You went to a casino where you lost a lot of moneir You regret it. You say: 5. You found a lot of money and you spent it insteadof taking it to the police. Later it turned out that the money was forged. You say: 6. You went to a restaurant but you hadn't booked a table in advanceso you couldn't sit down because the restaurantwas fi,rll. You say: 7. You failed your exam becauseyou hadn't learnt anything. You say:
6 Choose the correct answer. Only one is correct. Vdlasszaki a helyes megold6st! Csakegy lehetseges megold^s van. 1. I wish l ...... A) have C) would have
a computer.I could work at home dren. B) had D) had had , . . . . .f i r e d . B) listened / wouldnt have been D) had listened/ would be
2. If Paula . . . t o m e .s h e . . . A) would listen / weren't C) had listened/ wouldn't have been 3. If only we .... A) would get C) had got
........ the creditquicldy We could buy that flat then. B) get D) can get
4. But for my salarywe couldn't make ends meet. This sentencemeansthe sameas: A) If it had been for my salary,we couldn't make ends meet. B) If it hadn't been for my salary we couldn't make ends meet. C) If it were for my salary we couldn't make ends meet. D)If it weren't for my salarywe couldn't makeendsmeet. 5. I wish my parenrs A) would have C) had
... a lot of money then I could have gone to university B) would havehad D) had had
7 Translatefhe sentences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat!
l . Bdrcsaktobb id6m lenne a csalddomra. 2 . Bdrcsakkivennea fi5nokpdr nap szabadsdgot. a
Bdrcsakeldllnaaz es6. Bdrcsakesnea h6. 5 . Biircsaka strandon fekiidnik rnost. 6. Bdrcsakne kellene holnap dolgozniuk. 7. Bdrcsakmegtaldlnda rend6rsig az emberrabl6kat. 8 . Bdrcsakkozelebb lakndnk egymdshoz. 9 . B{rcsakin lennil. i 0 . Bdrcsaklassabbanvezetne. Rosszul vagyok. l i . B'ircsak leszokna a dohinyzdsr6l. 12.B'ircsakrudna Tom sielni. lJ'ircsaktudndk riszni. 14.B{rcsakne fdlndneka kutydmt6l. 1 5 .Bdrcsakkordbban megismerkedti.inkvolna. 16.Bdrcsakjelentettem volna az iigyet a rend6rsigen. 17.Bdrcsak ne lettem volna ilyen kedves hozzit. Nem drdemelte mes1 8 .Bdrcsakne pocsdkoltamvolna el annyi plnzt. I9. Bdrcsakitt lettdl volna velem. 20.Bdrcsakelmondtad volna nekem az igazat. A T.
I t
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VOICE(to be done) PASSIVE SZERKEZET SZENVEDO KEPZES,gAszNAI.At' A szenved6 szerkezet legfontosabb ismdrve, hogy a cselekvdsalanya abesz6l6 mondanival6ja szempontjdb6l ldnyegtelen. Az a fontos, ami a cselekvdst elszrnvedi, vagyis a mondat tirgya. A szenved6 iz,erkezet(imondatban atirgy az alany helydre kertil, az,alany pedig, amennyiben meg akarjuk nevezni, egy,,B)P'prepozici6t kovet6en a mondat vdg6re. a mondat dllitm:inydvalf
Figyelje meg a kiivetkez6 mondatot! Mi tortinik Ez a cig gytiraha.t ipi.t.
FACTORIES.
BUILDS
THIS COMPANY
ARE BUILT
FACTORIBS
(BY THrS COMPANY).
Cqdrahot ipi.teneh./ C'ydrahipiilneh. A passzivszrrkezntrillitmdnya: TO BE + IGE 3. ALAIqA A passzivmondatban tehrit mindig a TO BE keriil a megfelel6alakba,6s azt egyeztetiiiksziimbands .r.m6lyb.n a passzivmondat alanyrival.lsz ige vdltozatlanul harmadik alakbandll. SIMPLE PRTSENT
Thev build a house / houses.
PRE,SENTCONTINUOUS They are building a house / houses.
A house is built. Houses are built. A house is being built. Houses are being built.
PASTSIMPLE
Thev built a house / houses.
A house was built. Flouseswere built.
PASTCONTINUOUS
They were building a house/ houses.
A housewas being built. Houses were being built.
PRESENTPE,RFECT
They have built a house/ houses.
A house has been built. F{ouscshave been built.
PASTPERFECT
They had built a house/ houses.
A house/ houseshad been built.
SIMPLE FUTURE
They will build a house/ houses.
A house/ houseswill be built.
FUTURts CONTINUOUS FUTUR-E PERFtsCT
Theywill be building a house/ houses.
A house/ houseswill be being built. A house / houseswill have been built
TO BE GOING TO
Thev are going to build a house/ houes.
A house is going to be built. F{ousesare soinq to be built.
TO HAVE TO / TO BE TO
They have to build a house / houses.
A househas to be built. H<>useshave to be built. A house is to be built. Houses are to be built.
They will have built a house / houses.
They are to build a house/ houses.
They can build a house/ houses. They should build a house/ houses.
A house / housesmust be built. A house / housescan be built. A house / housesshould be built.
They must have built a house. They may have built a house. They should have built a house.
A housemust have been built. A house may have been built. A house should have been built.
MUST/ CAN / SHOULD etc. They must build a house/ houses.
MUST HAVE/MAy HA\aEl SHOULD HAVE etc.
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SzeruveooszERKEZET A_djameg a k
n*
$Egydb
fontos rudnival6k a szenved6 szerkezetr6l:
. Riszeshataroznval rill6 igdk szenved6 szerkezetben: A riszeshatiroz6t rc-tt{tercqpen fejezheti ki az angol nyelv: prepozici6s sz,erkezettelvagy dgynevezett indirekt tdrggyal. Figyelje meg! Rdszeshatdroz6 prepozici6s szrrkezettel (to, for) :
AKTiV
PASSZiV
I gave a book to !ou. He bougl-rt flowersfor me. She told a funny story to rne.
A book was given to you. Flowers were boughtfor rne. A funny story was told to rne.
Rdszeshatiiroz6 indirekt t:irggyal:
nruiv
PASSZIV You were given n booh. I was boughtJhwers. I was told afwnny xory.
I gave yott a booh. He bought meflowers. Slretold meafunny story.
az nyelvben a rdszeshatiroz6 is a cselekv.is egyik elszenved6je, elfoglalhatja a targy !I\e.l Tggl helydt, ez alkalommal_azonban miir prepoz(ci6 ndlki.il. igy, mivel a mondat egyrktdJ:gyatent nr*ii'oniJ, a szenved6 sz'erkez'etkdpzesi szabrilyai szerint a piisziv mondat alanya-iehet, Iittrit a mondat ildre keriiLlhet. A leggyakoribb kett6s tiirgyesettel jdr6 igdk offt; pny, show, teach, ttil, t*4give, send., write, get, buy, ord.er. ' It is said that... It was said that = Azt mondjdk... / / Azt mondtrik... It is thought that... / rt was thought that = Azt gondolj ik... lAzt gondoltdk... stb. Figyeljemeg! A) A f6mondat jelen id6ben van: (Az emberek)azt mondjdk, hogy Tom nagyon okos.
(Az emberek)arra sz{m(rirnak, hogy el fog menni a vdrosb6l.
119
vorce PassrvE n) Peoplesa.ythat frrn is very clever b) It is soid. that Trn is wry claver c) Tbrn is swid,to be very clner
a) Peopleexpectthat he will leaanthe town. b) It is acpected.thnt he wi'll lea,pethe town. c) $e is acpected.to leope the town.
(Az emberek) ,igy vdlik, hogy elvdlt.
(Az emberek) fgy hiszik, hogy most 6pp egy konyvon dolgozik.
a) Peoplethinh tbot he is d.ivorced.. b) It is thought that he is d.iporced^ Q lfe is thought n be diporced.
o) Peoplebelievethat he is wwhing on a booh. b) It is beliepedthot he is wmhing on a booh. to be wurhing on a booh. c) IIe is believe.d,
Ugy tudjdk, hogy egy iskoliban dolgozik.
Aztalligi,k, hogy kordbban egy venddgl6ben dolgozott.
a) Peoplehnow that he worhsat a school. b) It is hnown thnt he worhs at a school. c) IIe is hnown to worh at a school.
o) Peoplesa! thnt he worhedin a pub earl,ier b) It is soid that he wwked in a pwb ea'rl'ier c) IIe is soid. to hope workpd'in n pub earlier
(Az emberek) azt gondoljdk, hogy ezeketa dokumentumokatpdncdlszekrdnybentdroljdk.
(Az emberek) azt gondoljdk, hogy ezr az (,piletet a L9. szdnadbandpitettdk.
n) Peoplethinh that thesedncwwentsare stored.
a) Peoplethinh thnt this bwild.ingwasbwilt in tbe
in a safe. are storadin b) It is thootghtthat thesedncumants a safe. nre thooght to bestored, ) Thesed.ocurnents
19thcentwry. b) It is thoaght thot thisbwild,ingwosbwi'lt in the lgth centary. c) This build.ing is thowghtto hapebem bwilt in tbe I9th century.
in a safe
Ha 'by'' szerkezet van a passziv mondat vdgdn, kdt lehet6sdg van: Peoplethink that Shakespearewrote this letter. It is thought that Shakespearewrote dris letter. Shahespenre is thought to haye written this letter
Peoplethink that dris letter was written by Shakespeare. It is thought that this letter was written by Shakespeare. This letter is thowghtto havebeenwritten fo Sbahespeart
B) A f6mondat mrilt id6ben van: (Az emberek) azt gondoltdk, hogy ]ack mdg mindig kiilfoldon van.
(Az emberek) azt gondoltdk, hogy |ack mdr visszatdrt.
n) Peoplethought that Joch wat still abroad. b) It wa.sthought that Jach was still abroad.. c) Jach wos thoaght to be still abrond^
a) Peoplethowghtthat Jach had.renny.ed^ b) It wos thooght that Jach had, retwmed. c) Jach wat thoilght to ltape refi'rned'.
(Az emberek) azt gondoltrik, hogy ezeket a dokumentumokat princdlszekrdnybentriroljrik.
(Az emberek) azt gondoltdk, hogy ezt az dpiiletet a L9. sziaadbanipitettdk.
a) Peoptebelined.that thesed.ocwrnents werestored. a) Pnph betiwed,thot this buitd.inghnd.beenbwilt in a safe. in the l9th centu?y. b) It wns believed.thot thesedncwrnentswore stord, b) It wos beli.wed.thot this build.ing had' beenbailt in n safe. in tbe l9th cerrturl. c) Thesed.ocumentswere beliwed to bo stored. Q This build.ing wos beliopedm hope beenbuilt in in a snfe. the l9th centaty.
120
lUNrr
Szrruvro6szERKEZET Ezeket a szerkezetet ald
to beuerygoocl.. Tbisplny is su.pposed to betterystrict. This teacheris supposed to be there at f.ue. I nwt swpposed He wassupposedto washthe cnr Tbe buswdssupplsedto arviveat six.
be not supposed to... = nem szabad,nem kellene to behapelike this. hw are not swpposed to bwrt her bw are not swpposed
Nern kelleneigy viselkedned. Nem kellenemegb'intanod6t. . to be done = to get done A passziv szerkezetben a ,,to be" litigit
felvdlthatja a ,rto get"
Tegr-rap ellopt{k a biciklimet.
Tsterdrytnry bicyclewasstolen. ^IDsterdny rny bicyclegotstolen.
Senki sem sdriilt meg a balesetben.
Nobodytvnshwrt in the accident. Noborlygot hurt in the accid.ent.
. Passziv szerkezet -ing-es (gerund) alakja: Bizonyos igdk ut{n -ing-es alakot haszndlunk. Pilddul ,rto like", ,,to hate" stb. Ha ezeket az igeket passziv szerkezet k
Szeretem,ha megdics6rnek. Nem szeretem,ha kdrdeznek. Utdlom, ha zavarnak.
. need to be done = need doing / want to be done = want doing = valamit meg kell csiniilni Ha a ,,need" segddigdt vagy a ,,want" igit passziv sz,erkezntkiiveti, akkor azt az ige ,ring"-es alakja helyettesitheti. Beszilt nyelvben ez a viltozat a gyakoribb. The roornneedsto be cleaned.. The roont.neeclscleaning. Shewants to be taught lessons. Shewnnts teaching lessons. to be loobedafter. Sbeneed.s Sbeneedsloobing after.
A szobdtki kell takaritani. Ordl
. BY is WaTH passziv mondat v(gdn: Ha valamit eszkcizkdnt haszndltunk a cselekvdselvdgzesdhez,akkor WITH
dll a passziv mondat vdgdn.
He washit with a.stone.
Egy k6vel iitottdk rneg.
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2C
votcE PRssve Ha a trirt6n6snek valaki vagy valami a krizrvetlen okoz6ja, akkor BY dll a passziv mondat v6g6n.
He washilled.by a folling stone.
Egy lehull6 k6 okozta a haldlit (olte meg).
. Prepozici6s ig6k passzlvmondatban: Prepozici6s ige esetdn,h prepoz{ci6 a passzlvtg"d"k utdn dll. Ezzrla probldmdvalfoglalkozni kell (azirtekezleten).
Thisproblemhasm bedaalt with (in thernerting).
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Completethe senfences.IJse is/arelamor waslwere + one of these verbs in the correctform. Egeszitseki a mondatokat! Haszn6ljaaz,,is/arelam"vagy a ,,waslwere" l{tigdket + a megadott igdket a megfelel6alakban! (ste'al)from the carpark yesterday 1.My motor-cyclewosslolen ...... (clean)everyday 2. Theseoffices (include) in the price. 3. Breakfast (rrrake) from flour. 4. Bread ...... (publish)lastyear. 5. This book . tomorrow . ... ... (expect)to attendthe conference 6. Everybody (populate). .,... densely 7. Theseareas.. (cause) by thattruck. ............. 8. No, it wasn'tmy fault.The accident ...... (allow)to go out tonight.Are you comingwith mel 9. I ...... (print) in italics. 10.The importantparts...... . .. (request) to senda pricelist by return. . ... l I. You kindly (write) in ink. 12. The letter I receivedyesterday 2 Completethe sentences.Use islare being or waslwere being + one of these verbsin the correctform. Egdszitseki a mondatokatl Haszn6ljaaz ,,islare/ambeing" vagy a ,,was/werebeing" szerkezetekef+ a megadott igdket'a nregfelel6alakban! (question)by the police." 1.'IlVherearethe witnessesf""They oreheingquestioned "Because "YVhy my flat homel" 2. did you spendyour holidayat (redecorate)." (clean)." it ......... 3. "Why aren'tyou in your officel" "Because (search)all dayyesterday 4. The area.. .... (.opy)." 5. "Wherearethe documents)""They 6. When I went to the office yesterdayI could useneither the computernor the xerox-machine .........(repair). because th.y ... 3 Read the newspaperheadlinesand makethemsentencesusingthe presentperfectpassive (have/hasbeen...). Olvassael az (tjsdgcikkcfmeket,majd alakitsa6t 6ket szenved6szerkezett mondatokkd befejezett jelen id6ben! I. TWO MEN INJURED IN CAR CRASH iniured ino coraash, lwomenhave heen 2. KODAK BOUGHT BY AMERICAN SHAREHOLDERS 3. $5OOOO STOLEN FROM SAVINGS BANK 4. AMERICAN TOURISTS CAPTURED BY TERRORISTS 5. TWENTY PEOPLEMADE REDUNDANT
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SzeruveooszERKEZET 6. HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE ICLLED IN EAMHQUAKE 7. CAR STOLEN FROM GARAGE
B. FAMOUSSTARRESCUEDBY CHILDITEN 4 Make these sente nces passive.Use will be or will have been. Tegyea mondatokat szenved6 alakba! Hasznaljaa ,,will be" 6s a ,,will have been" szerkezeteket! soon. 1. I r.vill finish this book soon. Ihkbookwillhefinkhed 2. They,will have built tl-rehouse by the time you rerurn. 3. Thel'will deposit dre money in a bank. 4. Tl-revwill ooen the safewith ir knife. ........ 5. They will changethe name of the street. 6. Tlley will h:rveposted the letter by dre tirne shegets back. 7.Thev will havercportedit to the policeby drat time. .......... 5 Complete the sentences.Use should, have to, must, may and can in the passive.Sometimesyou haveto use the negative. Egeszitsekia mondatokat. Haszndljaa,,should, haveto, must, may" 6sa ,,can" segddigeket szenved6 szerkezetben! Bizonyosesefekben a tagado alakot kell haszndlni! betuken rnto thc restaurant.(take) l. Dogs mustn'l (warn) 2. People ...... about earthquakes. .... to hospital. (take) 3. If yor,rget ir-rjured),ou lvill . (eat).Tl-risis not ediblc. 4.Ir .. .. .... u-tcoolingtrucks.(transport) They 5. Thesegoodsirreperishable. (.opy).You can onlv readthem. ..... 6. Thesedocuments books. 7. Thesebooks ...... (borrow). They arcn'treference (see). ... B. This rnaterialis invisible.It ..... 5 Make these sentences passive.Tegyea mondatokat szenvedSalakba! into. been hroken hove I. Tl-revmlrst have brokcn into that flat. lhatflot must 2. Tl-reysl-rouldl-ravecalledfor a doctor. 3. Thc1, tnay hirye found dre key in the street
'Il-rcy 4. cirn't havc stolen this car. 5. They shouldn't l-ravepublishedthis article. 6. They must havepaidfor it. .............. 7 Paraphrasethe sentence so that it means the sameas the first, using by or with. Alakftsa 6t a mondatot ugy, hogy ugyanazt jelentse, mint a megadott mondat, a ,,by" vagy a ,,with" felhaszn6llsdval! intowilha hommer. l. Someoneused a hamrner to break into dre car.Thecarwasbroken 2. Foggl'weathercausesa lot of accidents. .......' wrote a lot of plays................ 3. Shakespeare 4. Someoneused a stone to kill him. 5. A fallingstonekilledhim. .......... 6. Someoneused arsenicto poison the food. 8 Make the sentences passive. There are two possiblesolutions in each case. Tegyea mondatokat szenved6 alakba! Minden esetben ket lehets6gesmegoldds l6tezik! hookwosgivento tesko. l. Slre gave Jessicaa very interesting book. I veryinleresling giveno veryinteresting hook. leskowas 2. He told hcr the trudr.
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Pnsstvr votcE 3. They offered me a good job.
4. She will teach me German.
5. They have already paid $20 to me.
6. He has shown me the new oftice.
9 Completethe sentences.Use beiig + one of theseverbs. Egeszitseki a mondatokat! HasznSliaa ,,being" alakot + a megadottigdket (passzivgerund)! treat
give
ask
regard
deceive call
keep distmb
working. disturfedwhile I. I can't standbeing '.. ' '.. '. ' asequal. 2. Childrenlike . a doll on her third binhday 3. Shecanremember...'.... waiting. 4. I hate .'... MollY 5. Shedoesn'tlike ... without say won't anything 6. We 7. Nobodylikes...... citizens. ................assecond-class 8. Womenarefedup with 10 Completethe sentences.Usegetlgot (insteadof be) + a verb. Egdszitseki a mondatokat! Hasz' nittjaa ,,get/got" iget a ,,be" helyett6s egy megfelel6iget! break
hurt
tow
offer
wash
inform offend
Promote
told
invite renovate
"I'm afraidit hasgollowedaway" l. "Whereis my carl" in a car crash." in hospitalf" "Becauseshehas 2. "Why is Jessica "It "ThG year'" last ... buitding seemsto be quite new:" 3. yesterday my glasses 4. I can'tseethJblackboardbecause .....'...."...fIt is veryclean. 5. Hasyourcar . '.... ' aboutthe newsl 6. Do you regularly ' '. if shedoesn'tworkhardenough' ... ............ won't 7. She job but I turnedit down. a 8. L..... .....' to theirweddingl 9. Do you think I will ....... rude. something if they would ....!r...... ro. Everybody 11 Rewritethe sentencesusing-ing where possible.Alakitsa6t a mondatokat,,-ing"-esalakba, ahol ez lehetsdges! ofter. looking I need 1. I am very ill. I needto be looked after. Pwsible possihle' Not 2. Sheis very ill. I needto look afterher. 3. The caris verydirty It wantsto be washed......"....... 4. The windows are very dirry I needto cleanthem' 5. Yourhouseis veryold.trtneedsto beredecorated'............... 6. The room is untidy It wantsto be cleaned.".......'.... 7. I want to waterthe flowers. 8. The plantsarevery dqi They want to be watered. 9. Yourhair is too long. It needsto be cut.
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Szrruvro6szERKEZET 12 a) Rewrite the sentence so that it means the sameas fhe first sentence. Begin your sentenceas shown using the word in italics.Alakftsa 6t a mondatokat ugy, hogy a jelentesilk ne v6ltozzon a megadott mondatokhoz kdpest! Kezdje a mondatot a megadott modon, es haszndlja a d6lt betfivel szedett szot! b) Put the the sentences into the simple past tense. Tegyea mondatokat egyszer1 mult idobe! 1. It is reported.drat the delegation rvill arrive on Monday a) The delegation is reported toorriveonMondoy. b) Thedelegotion wosreported tourriveon Mondoy. 2. It is replrted.that the famous actor is in Hungary a) The famousactor ......... b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. It is tbowghtthat the rate of inflation will decrease. a) The rateof inflation........... b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. It is belined.drat the Young Democratshavewon the elections. a) The YoungDemocrats b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. It is thowghtthat the population is falhng. a) The population b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. It is beliwed.that he went to prison for fraud. a )H e . . . . . . . . b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. It is nlleged. that Jircksoncommited a seriouscrime. a) Jackson b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. It is said.that Sheila has been prclrnoted. a) Sheila b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. It is wnd.erstood. that the meeting will be put off. a) The meeting b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. It is said.that they are working. a) Thev D ). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I1. It is expected. that the new currency will be inrroduced in May a) Tl-renew currency................ b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. It is exptected that Jameswill spendall his money on gambling. a) Jarnes b ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Peoplesay a lot of things about the following people. Write sentencesabout them using be supposed to. Az emberek sok mindent 6llitanak a kovetkez6 szem1lyekrSl.irjon,mondatokat r6luk a ,,be supposed to" szerkezet felhaszn4l1s1val! I. Paolawalks on the roof at night. Poola towolkontheroofot night. is supposed 2. Sharonhas a lot of money 3. Terenceis afraid of beetles. 4. Tim rvas a priest earlier. 5. Sueworkedasa spy for the FBI. .......... 6. Peteris lookingfor a new job. ............ 7. Patsycomesfrom Australia.............. 8. Tom is lying in a hospital now 9. Jackwas arrestedfor smuggling.............
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pNrrl
2C
votcr PRssrvr 14IJsebe supposedto + a suitableverb with its other meaning.(Seethe rules.)Haszndliaa ,,be supposedto" szerkezetetegy megfelel1 igevel a m6sik jelentdsben! (Ld. a szabdlyokat!) Post
be
play
finish
end
start
ftrrn
tohe Iate. Everybody will be there on time. I. You oren'tsuppwed ..........soon. 2. The meeting .... our work beforeten but we couldn't. 3. We ... 4. You 5. The professorstartedthe lectureearlierthan I expected.He ... o'clock sharp. . .... .. theseletterstoday but I forgot about it' 6. Gosh! L . . .. . 7.The children
......" it at five
15 Put the fotllowing sentences into the passive.Tegyea kovetkez6 mondatokat szenved6 alakba! L I told him not to go there alone. Hewosloldnottogo therealone. 2. She told me to buy some bread 3. They told her to be morg careful. 4. I told you to be at the station at 5 o'clock sharp. 5. He hastold us to stayhere........... 6. We told them to be quiet. 16 Complete fhe senfences with said or told. Egeszitseki a m6ndatokat a ,,said" vagy a ,,told" igdkkel! J. Jack is soidto be ill. 2. We were 3. Youare .... 4. Jackwas ... 5. I'm 6. I was 7. Sheis ...... 8. She was .. 9. He has been I0. Tim was . ....
the truth. ....... to be a liar. ... to stayat home. to be clever. to learn harder. to havecheated. to cheat. .. to come with us. .. to haveleft the country
17 Rewrite fhe sentence s. Begin your sentence as shown using the passive voice of the verb in italics. Alakftsa 6t a mondatokat! Kezdje a mondatot a megadott m6don, a d6lt betfivel szedett . ige szenved6 alakjdnak felhaszndlits1val! 1. Peoplesay thatthis building was built by the Romans. This buildin g is saidto hoveheenbuilthy theRonons. The Roman s oresuidto havebuiltthishuilding. 2. Peoplebekwedthat God had createdthe Earth. hyGod. to havebeenueoted The Earth washelkved Esrth. the to havecreoled God washelieved 3. People thowghtthat the casdewas guarded by soldiers. The casde Soldiers 4. People thinh that the prisoners were allowed to escaPeby the wardens. The prisoners............. The wardens............... 5. Peopleexpectthatthe wages will be raised by the comPany The wages ......:..."'..... Thecompany...............
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Szrxvrod szERKEZET 6. Peoplc hnew that the car had been stolen by a criminal. Thecar .................: A criminal 7. Peoplebelia,edthat the bill would be amended by the government. The bill Thcgovernment.......... 18 Put the verb into the passiveor active in an appropriate tense. Tegyeaz igdket szenved6 vagy cselekev6alakba a megfelel6 igeiddben! 1. If you touched (touch) this wire, you couldbe killed (kill). 2. I rvishL..... .... (allow)to go home. 3. Nobody ...... (see)crying sincerhirraggressive teacher ldisrniss). 4. ..... ...you ... (offend)if they ....... (tell)you the truth) 5. Sue .... (stay) with her sisrernow, becauseher flat ( redecorate). 6. The meeting ...... (cancel)if you hadn't arrived. 7. I rvould havefaintedif he .. ... (arrest). 8. For the lastcoupleof weeksI ........ ...... (use)my colleague's car asmy car . (reParr). 9. From Septemberto October she ... (stay) in a hotel, asher house
ro.so-.,i-i, .i.iiar." '^Jliilll.
.....(rrear) asadults.
19 Rewrite the text using the passivewhere possibleomitting the underlined words. irja 6t a szoveget szenved6 alakba, ahol lehets5ges!Az al1huzott szavakat hagyja ki! Denims, hot dogs, skyscrapersand superrnarkets- but what do all thesehave in commonf One thing is that you can find them all over the world. Another is that the United Statesexport them. So yeu ctrn conclude that American popular tastesand attitudes have conquered the world. Americanrnovies pliryed an important part in this process.FIowever,after the SecondWorld War a powerful new fbrce continued the spreading of American influence, and this was the television. Mauufacruringfirrns paid television companieslots of money to show advertismentsfor their products while they r.l,erebroadcastingprograms. The television companiesalso televisedprograms which viewers watched all over the world. The most popularone was "I love Lucy". It was a seriesabout a famous comediennenamed Lucille Ball. Wl-renshe diedin 1989, thc TV companieswere still broadcasting"I love Lucy". Thousandsof peoplehad seenit. In tnusic Iqg could seethe processof Americanization in the huge populariry of rock. Rock beganas"rock androl[", a music that bands first played in the I950s. Thc Arnericanizationof popular tastewas not restrictedto entertainment. Thegrowir-rgpopulariry of "fast food" spreadAmericaneatinghabits.Blue jeansand T:shirtsAmericanized thc dressof peopleon everycontinent. And supermarketschangeddre experienceof shopping every.wherc. Another feature of A.merican cities al.sospread very quickly These were groups of tall shining buildings. Theyu,ereso tall dlat pgqplg called them skyscrapers. By the 1980s such buildings were dominating ciry centresall over tl-reworld. Skyscraperswere symbols of a name that some historians gave to the centur\{ The name was the American century (Arlnprerl ftom: Bryn O'Callaghan: An lllustrated.History of the USA, pp. 136-139) 20 Translatethe sentences. Forditsale a mondatokatl I. lbgnap rnegnyitottiik az uj bevdsdrl6kcjzponrot. 2. Alotto 6tcisnyertesdneka nevdt dltaldbannem hozziknyilvdnossdgra. 3. A cild
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SzERKEZEI PnssvrvoKE- Szrruveo6 6. ,,llol van az aut6m)" ,,.{n6l tartok, hogy elvontattdk." 7. Mi6ta 6pitik mdr a Nemzeti Szinhizatl 8. Mindentit, aki felel6ss6grevonhat6 az elncikhalil{drt, le fognak tart6ztatni. 9. Ajrinlon, hogy a lencsdkethaszndlatel6tt fert6tlenitsik. 10. Az utakat takaritjdk, igy kdrjtik az aur6sokat,hogy vezessenek6vatosan. II. Amikor tegnap bementem az iroddmba, ipp ablakot pucoltak. 12. A gyanisitottat reggelt6l estig vallandk. 13. Tegnapegdsznap ugyanazokat a dalokat jdtszottdk a rridi6ban' 14. Ebben az dvben hdrom rij termdket dobtunk piacra. 15. Bizunk benne, hogy ezt a torvdnfavaslatot m6dositani fogjil<. 16. Ezr a cdlkitfizdst teljesfteni kell az iv vdge el6tt. 17. Biztosan betortek ahizdba. 18. Biztos, hogy nem rabolt{k el. 19. Val6szinri,hogy a dokumentumokat a titkrirn6je mdsolta le. 20. Nem val6szfnri,hogy kalapriccsaltortdk be az ablakot. 2L. Apolcr6l lehull6 szerszdmokokoztdk a halildt. 22. Az ajt6t kulccsalnyitondk ki. 23. Tom konyveket kapott a szi.iletisnapjdra. 24. Nekem azt mondtiik, hogy maradjak in. 25. Neki.ink az iskoldban mdg oroszt tanftottak' 26. Holnap az uj inemeket fogjrik megmutatni a ldtogat6knak' 27. Aflrjemnek tegnap fj rillist ajdnlottak. 28. Ki nem dllhatom, ha gyerekkdnt kezelnek. 29. Nem szereti,ha a munkrijdr6l kdrdezik. 30. Miirt mentdl oda andlktil, hogy meghivtak volnal 31. Elegi.inkvan abb6l, hogy lendznekminket. 32. A szobitokat ki kellene mdr takaritani. 33. Erre ahizramdr rrifir a meszelis. 34. Aztmondjrik, hogy nagyon okos. 35. Aztmondt{k neki, hogy nevez'zenbe a versenyre. 36. Ugy tudjrik, hogy Pdter mir ii,"rtAnglidban' 37. Arra szdmitottak, hogy az u1 hidat szeptemberre befejezik. 38. Az-t mondtdk r6lunk, hogy mi meg tudjuk oldani a falu gondjait. 39. Ugy gondoltrik, hogy megint a FIDESZ fogja megnyerni a vdlasztdsokat. 40. lrzthiszik, hogy te mfu v€gezril ehhezhasonl6 munkdt' 4L.Ugy tudjdk, hogy Tom mdr k6tszerelvdlt. 42. Azt mondjdk, hogy a rend6rsdg keres valakit. 43. Azt mondtiik, hogy a ment6osztag tcibb naPon :it kerestea fift. 4a.Ugy hittdk, hogy a csapatelvesztettea meccset. 45. Aztmondtdk, hogy a bdtyridat felveadk az egyetemre. 46. Azt gondoltdk, hogy a bir6kat lefizenik. 47.Vgy volt, hogy pontban otkor megdrkezel. 48. Ugy volt, hogy a hidat holnap felavatjdk.
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(have/getsth done, CAUSATIVE
get sy to do, makesy do...) V UVTLTETES KBPZES,rr,q.szNAt-tt A m(veltetis ldnyege, hogy valamilyen cselekvist missal vdgeztetiink. A kiivetkez6 ot sz'erkeznta miiveltetis leggyakrabban haszn{ltvikozata (I-5). Ezen kiviil liteznek mig hasonl6 szerkezetek, de azok jelentise nem milveltet6s (6-7).
t. TO HAVE STH DONE (BY SY) =
a) Megcsinriltatni valamit (valakivel), dltaldban szolgdltatdsokneil haszndljuk. A,,to have" igdt kell a megfelel6 igeid6be tenni. &) Vdamilyen sajniilatos esemdny kifej ezesire. (Altaldb an a szenved6 szrrkezrt helyettesitdsire. Ld,. a 7, pontban!)
Jov6 lrdter-rlernosatom az aut6mat a szerel6vel. Mrilt hdten lemosatram az aut6t a szerel6vel. Epp -ort mosamarnle a kocsit a szercl6vel.
Next weehI'll hape,ny ca.rwnshed'by tbe mechanic. by the mechanic. Last weehI had.my car waslted. I havejwst bnd.my car wasbed'by the rnechanic.
2.TO GET STH DONE (BY SY) = Ilryanaztjelenti, mint a,,to have sth done", de dl6bes#dben ez a gyal
Next weekI'llget the roof repaired. Lnst weehI got the roof repaired'. I haw just got the roof repnired.
3. a) TO MAI(E SY DO STH = n) k(nysznriteni valakit valamire (Ebben az irtelemben a to force sy to do sth szinonimdja.) b) klsztet valakit valamire (Ebben az drtelemben a to cause sy to do sth szinonimrija.) c) tesz valakit valamilyenn6 Arra kdnyszeritettik, hogy megegye. A fihn megnevettertea ndz6ket. Mi kdsztettearra, hogy igyonf Ez boldoggdfog tenni.
Theyruad.ehiru eat it. Theyforced.hirn to ent it. Tbef.lrn mod.ethe viwerslnugh. Wbat mad.ehirn d.rinh? hiw to d.rinh? Wbat caused. This will wnheyow (feel) happy.
DE! TO MAI(E ONESELF UNDERSTOOD/HEARD... = megdrtetimagdt,hallatjamagdt... Bir nem beszdlekj6l ndmettil, sikeriilt rnegdrtetnemmagam Sikeri.iltelfogadtatniamagdt.
Althoagh I dnn't speahGerznanwell, I cowldrnohernyselfwnd.erstood'. Shewas able to mahe herselfaccepted'.
b) TO BE MADE TO = A ,,to make sy do sth" passziv alakja. Aktiv alakban nincs ,,to", passziv alakban azonban miir van. lJgyartanal a jelentdssel bir, mint az aktiv alak. Arra kdnyszerftettdk,hogy megegye. A ndz6ketmegnevettettdk. Boldoggritettdk.
He wasrnndeto eat it. The viewerswerernade to laugh. Shewasrnadetofeel happy.
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Causnrtvr 4. TO GET SY TO DO STH = riivenni valakit valamire Rdvettem a ferjemet, hogy mosogassoneI. Rd fogja venni, hogy menjen el a buliba. 5. TO HAVB/GET
Igot rny hwsband.to d.othe washing wp. Shewillget hirn toga to theparty.
SY DO STH = valakivel megcsindltat valamit
Fordittasd le a tid
Hope the secretarytranslntethe letter
Milveltetdshez hasonl6 szerkezetek: 6. TO HAVE SY DOING
=
n) Eleri, hogy valaki valamit kdpes legyen megcsin{lni. b) A.,,yo:u'll have sy doing" azt jelenti, hogy valami meg fog ttirtdnni, azlesz a v6ge, hogy... (Csak E.sz. I 2. sz.-ben hasznriljuk ilyen drtelemben.) c) Az ,rlwon't have sy doing" azt jelenti, hogy valamit nem engedek meg. (Altaliban E. sz. I l. sz.-ben hasznriljuk ilyen drtelemben.)
Nemsokdra megtanitunk j{rni. Megtanitottuk riszni. Ha djjel zajongtok, a szomszidok panaszkodnifognak. Nem engedernmeg) hogy bent dohinyozzon. 7. GOT/HAD
STH DONE
We'llhate yoa wnlhing soon. W bad.him swirnrning. If yowrnahenoiseat night, you'll haveyour neighbowrs cornplnining. I won't havehirn snoohingin here.
= Egl'megtortint eset elbeszdldsire, valamilyen sajndlatos eseminy kifejezdsdre. (A szenved6 szerkezetet helyettesitjiik vele.)
Elloptrik a p€nztir cdmat. Betortdk az orromat.
I had.rnypwrsestolen. I got my nosebrohen.
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Tick fhe senfences which are similar in meaning. Jelolje meg azokat a mondatokat, amelyek ielent6s0 kben h ason I6a k ! L I'm having the roof repaired.- The carpentersare repairing the roof' "' 2. We are having dre office painted. - We are painting the office. 3. Photographs are being taken. - We are having photographs taken. 4.lacl< and Tom are having the rooms cleaned.- Jack and Torn are being cleaned. 5. They are having trees planted. - Tlees are being planted. 6. We are developing the fihn. - We are having dre fihn developed' 2 Make causativesentences using present simple or present continuous. irion m(iveltet6 mondatokat egyszerl jebn vagy folyamatos ielen id6ben! now. thecarpainted l. I / tlre car / paint / now l'm huving 2. We l the house/ whitewashf everyyear ........... 3. She / the windows / clean I wice a tnonth 4. They / the shelvesI fix I at the moment............. 5. She/ her hair / washf everyweek . ........ 6. He I the letter / translate/ now
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M0vElrerEs 3 Finishthe sentences in the way shown. Use simple past. Fejezzebe a mondatokat a pelda alapj6n! HasznAljaaz egyszer1 mult iddt! L Juc11, corrlcln't praintthe flat alone so shehodit painted. 2. Samcouldl't repairthc carso .............. so.............. installcentralhcatingourselt'es 3. Wc c<-ruldn't 4. Hc couldn'twashthe carso .............. 5. They ccluldn'ttranslatcthe letterso .............. 4 Add the following adverbials ta the sentence and change the tense accordingly. Helyezzeel a hat6rozokat a kovetkez6 mondatban, es modositsa az igeid6t ennek megfelel6en! She has her flat cleaned. ir) soon She'll soon have herflatdeaned. c) lrrstrnondr
e) cvcry rnonth <,
rrLv\r
i) Bv the tirne we arrived
b) nextweek.......... d) nor.v f) alrerirdy h) When I went to see her j) just........
5 Finish the sentencesin the way shown. Fejezzebe a mondatokat a pelda alapj6n! I. Your trousersare too long. You'll hovetohovethemshortened. 2. Your car is dirty You'll ........ 3. I c:rn'tseethe blackboardwell. I'll 4. Tl'risskirt is too loose.I'11............. I11.............. 5. I needa copyof thesedocuments. 6lJse the words in brackets to complete the sentences.Egdszitseki a mondatokat a z6roielben ta I6Ih ato szavak fe l h aszn1l5s6vaI ! (the machines/ service)at the moment. lhemochines 1. We orehoving serviced ...(yourhair/dye)) 2 . W l ' r e nd i d y o u l a s t . . . *We .. (the gas/ instirll)". 3. "\44rVirre drosepeople digging in youl gardenf" (it paint)f ... 4. Your car looks new: . I .. (glasses 5. I had to ..... /make). I'm short-sighted. . (hearing-aid/ buy) for her. 6. My grandmother can't hear well. She should ..... (not / the film 7. "I rvould likc to seephotos of your baby" "I'm sorrv but I . develop yet.)" / / 7 tJseto + a suitable verb to complete the sentences.Eg1szitseki a mondatokat ,,to"-val 6s egy megfelelS igevel! l. I can't get my husband lodothewoshing up becausche doesn'tlike doing the housework. ........ us sorneluoney 2. Don't worry{I'll get my fadrer ... ...... me. 3. I1n afi'rridI don't lanowwho the bossis going to dismiss.I couldn'tget him you pay 4. If vou don't pay your debtsbacl<,I'll get somebody.... ........ overtimeby raisingtheir wages. 5. The workersare satisfiednow I got them 8 Complete the sentences. Use have sy do sth or get sy to do sth. Egeszltseki a mondatokat. Haszndljaa ,,have sy do sth" vagy a ,,get sy to do sth"szerkezetet! mydaughter lodo(my claughter/ do) tl-rewashing-up. L Tl-resir.rkis full of dirtv dishes.I willget .... (dre srudents/ pick it up.) 2. The school-y11d is full of litter.I .. .. (my son / change)dre bulb. 3. The light went out.soL..... ..... (my secretary/ translate)it. 4. I don't understandthis letter so I ..
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CRusRrrve 5. I was curious so L. ..... (him / tell) his secret. 6. There was a shortageof raw materialsso I ...... .... (purchasingmanager/ order) some. (my children/ .;...... 7. I couldn'tfinish painting the houseso I had to ..... finish) it. 9 Rewrite the following passive sentences using havelget sth done. Alakitsa 6t a kovetkez6 passziv mondatokat a ,,have/get sth done" szerkezet felhasznllisdval! 1. His money was stolen. Hehsdhismoney stolen, 2.My housewas brokeninto. .......... 3. Her husbandwas kidnapped.............. 4. His dog wasrun over. .................. 10 Use have/get sth done to tett the fotlowing story. Haszniiljaa ,,have/get sth done" szerkezetet a kovetkez6 tortdnet elmesdl{sdre! It was the worst day of my life. No wonder! It was Friday the l3th. The chain of unlucky eventsstarted in the morning whLn I *.trt to the garageand I saw thii my car was not there. Obviorisly it had been stolen. As I had a very important meeting that day, I had to get to the office by eight o'clock, so I borrowed my neighbour's car. On my way to the office a lorry ran into the back of the car so it got damaged.I was very furious but tried not to show my anger and ran to.my ofiice. I tried to phone my secretarybut I couldn't find my mobile . Then it occurredto me that it was also stolen, sinceI left it in my car.By the time I got to the oftice, my businesspartnershad been waiting for me for an hour. They were very angry and told me that they had no more time, so the meeting was cancelled.It meant that a lot of money was lbst. In the evening I wanted to relax a litde bit so I went to a pub with my friends. One of them had a row with the barman, and he startedto fight with the bouncers.I tried to intervene, but it was to no avail, becausemy nose got broken. 11 Make senfences in simple pasf fense using make and the given words. Alkosson mondatokat a megadott szavak segitsdgdvel 6s a ,,make" ig{vel egyszer1 mIft id6ben! I. our teacherI we I repeat / the sentences.1urteacher nodeusrepeot thesenlences. 2 . ^ y h u s b a n dl l l c r y 3. the students / the teacher/ laugh 4. this aspirin I I I feel / better 5. the customs officer / the smuggler / open / his case 6. the terrorists/ the hacker/ give / the password............... 7. the bank robbers / the clerk I give I them / the money.. 8. This smell / she / faint.. 12 Make senfences in simple pasf fense using to be made to and the words given. Alkosson mondatokat a megadott szavak segitsegdvel6s a ,,to be made to" szerkezettel egyszer1 muft id6ben! I. we / show /our ID Weweremodelo show ourlD, 2. they / give lthem / their / money 3. the children / not / rell,I the truth
:::::::::::::: :::::::::: ::: ::::t: i:$ii,'ff:i'J"":;#illl ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::::::: 6 . I / o p e n/ t h es a f e
.....................
13 Make sentencesusing willlwon't have sy doing sth and the words given. Alkossonmondatokat.a megadott szavaksegftsdgdvel6s a ,,will /won't have sy doing sth" szerkezettel! L I / not / he / speakl to I me/ like that l won'thave himspeaking tomelikethat. 2. in the end/ you / everybodyI tall
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M0vrlrrres 4. sooneror laterI she lthe students/ eat out of / her hand .......... 5. your fatherI not I you / go / home / Iate.......... 6. the ski instructor / I / ski I very quicldy 14 Use to where necessary.Tegyeki a ,,to"-t, ahol szukseges! 1. Finally I could get Sheilalo sign up for the course. 2.The robbersmadeus ...... lie down on the floor. 3. Wc'll have a consulting group ...... find dre right personfor that job. 4. Jackand Jill were made ...... enterdre house. 5. furgelawill get Mary ...... report the caseto the police. 6. I havealreadyhad my watch ...... repaired. 7. Wl'ry did you get the receptionist...... look up that guy's name in the register) B. Christinewill be made ...... speakabout our secretroute. 9. I'll haveyou ...... skatingthis winter. I0. I'll get a srudent...... makedris poster. 11. Suewill get my fadrer ...... let me go to the disco. '15 Decide whether the sentencesare right orwrong. Dontseel, hogy a kovetkez6 mondatok helyesek-e! l. He could never make me to do what I hate doing . Wrong. Hecouldnever moke med0... 2. We'll have to get our supplier to reduce the prices. flrglrL 3. Have you had the managerto sign the documentl............. 4. Why didn't you get your brothergive you a lift|........,. 5. Don't makeyour childreneat spinachif they dor-r'tlike it. .............. 6. We have had our house redecoratedthis year. 7. I rvon't haverny roornmatesgive partiesat night. B. I won't have anybody srnoking in here. 9. Sharonwas made let the kidnappersin the house 10. Whv don't you haveyour secretaryrypethis letterfor youl .......... 16 Translatefhe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Tegnapmegcsindltattama vizvezet{l<szerel6vel a csapot,mert mdr hetek 6ta csdpogott. 2. Etr6l a gy6gyszert6ljobban leszel. 3 . Ez zrruha fiatalit tdged. 4. Nern beszdlekndmeriil, de rnigis sikeriil megdrtetnem magam. 5. I(vel festettedki a lakdsodatf 6. Jov6 hiten megiratja ^z iigyvddjdvel a vdgrendeletdt. 7. Mi6rt nem fordittatod le ezt a levelet az angol tandroddall 8. Tegnap a benzinkriton lemosattam az aut6t. 9. Meggy6ztiik Tomot, hogy vdltson ndhdny sz6t a f6nok6vel az irdekiinkben. 10. Midrt nem veszedrd a firjedet, hogy menjetekel nyaralni) I l. R:i rudta venni a sziileit, hogy vegyenekneki egy aut6tl 12. Az emberrabl6karra kdnyszeritettdka ffszokat, hogy mondjikazt, minden rendbenvan. 13. A vdrnosokkir-ryittattdkvele a b6rondjdt. 14. Azt szerettem Laciban, hogy mindig meg tudott nevettetni. I5. Valahdnyszormegn6,zemezt a filmet, mindig megrikat. 16. A gyerekeket arra kdnyszeritettdk, hogy hazudjanaka sziileiknek. 17. Az djjeli6rt kdnyszeritettik arra, hogy beengedjea rabl6kat. 18. Addig veszekedetta biztonsdgialdcal,amig be nem tcirtdk az orrit. 19. Tegnapel6tt a buszon elloptdk ap(nztircilmat. 20. Mflt hdten betortek a lakdsunkba. 21. Nern fogom engedni,hogy a lesifot6sokahizam el6tt nyiizsogjenek. 22. Nern fogom megengedni, hogy brirki is bemenjena dolgoz6szobdmba. 23. Ne aggodj, hamarosanrijra megtanitunk jdrni. 24. M(tk tilen a bdtydm megtanitott korcsolydzni. 25. Ha nem tudod tartani a szdd, az lesz a vdge, hogy a rend6rsig megint ki fog kdrdezni rnindenkit.
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SPEECH REPORTED / INDIRECT ri
tr
t
r U G G OB E S Z E D r
Azt mondja, hogy 6hes. Azt mondta, hogy dhes.
Ha a f6mondat jelen id6ben van, akkor a melldkmondat igeideje ruryanaz marad, mint ami eredetileg volt. Ha a f6mondat mult id6ben van, akkor a melldkmondat igeideje is viiltozik, {ltaftiban egy ,,igeid6vel visszribb csriszild'. Minden igeid6nek megvan a fugg6 beszedben haszndlt megfelel6je. Figyelje meg a vriltozrisokat!
r. Ar.lirAs SIMPLE PRESENT lack eatsa lot ofchocolate.
SIMPLE PAST Shesaidthat Jackate a lot ofchocolate.
PR.E,SENT CONTINUOUS chocolate. is eating ]ack
DASTCONTINUOUS . Shesaidthat Jackwas eating chocolate
SIMPLE PAST Jackate somechocolate.
DASTPERFECT Shesaidthat )ackhad eatensomechocolate.
PASTCONTINUOUS Jackwas eating chocolate.
DASTPERFECTCONTINUOUS Shesaidthat Jackhad beeneatingchocolate.
PASTCONTINUOUS / SN/IPLEPAST Jackwas eating chocolatewhen I entered. PRTSENTPERFECT Jackhas eatensomechocolate.
PA.STCONTINUOUS / SIMPLE PAST Shesaidthat Jackwas eating chocolatewhen she entered. DASTPERFECT Shesaidthat Jackhad eatensomechocolate.
PRESENTPERFECTCONTINUOUS Jackhas been eating chocolate.
PASTPERFECTCONTINUOUS Shesaidthat Jackhad beeneatingchocolate.
PASTPERFECT Jackhad eatensomechocolate.
PASTPERFECT Shesaidthat Jackhad eatensomechocolate.
DASTPERFECT CONTINUOUS Jackhad beeneating chocolate.
DA.STPERFECT CONTINUOUS Shesaidthat Jackhad beeneatingchocolate,
SIMPLE FUTURE Jackwill eat somechocolate.
WOULD Shesaidthat Jackwould eatsomechocolate.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS jack will be eating chocolate.
WOULD BE -ING Shesaidthat Jackwould be eating chocolate.
FUTURE PERTECT Jackwill have eatensomechocolate.
WOULD HAVE Shesaidthat ]ack would haveeatensome chocolate.
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FuccoarszEo WOULD HAVE BE,EN_ING ShesiridJackwould havebeeneating
FUTURE PER}'ECTCONTINUOUS )rck will havebeeneatingchocolate.
chocolate .
WAS/WEREGOING TO Shesaiddratlack was going to eat
rs/ARE GOING TO |ack is going to eat chocolate.
cl-rocolirte.
A f6mondatban termdszetesen nemcsak a rrto say''ige dllhat, hanem szdmos mds ige is, att6l fiigg6en, hogy a melldkmondat milyen c6lb6l hangzott el. Pitddul: to complain - panaszkodik' to boast dicsekszik,to wonder kivdncsivmire, to promise mcgfgdr stb. 2. r(ERDES (REPORTED QUESTIONS) F.tgg6 kdrddsben a melldkmondat sz6rendje egyenes. A fiigg6 kirdds nem kird6mondat! I(6tfile fugg6 kdrddst ki.ilcinbciztetiink meg, att6l fiigg6en, hogy eldcintend6 kdrddst, vagy kiegiszirendf (kdrd6szavas) kdrddst tesziink-e fiigg6 beszedbe. a) Eldcintend6 kdrdis fii'gg6 beszddben: Az eldtjntend6 kdrddst els6 ldpdsbenegyenessz,orendbe,majd a megfelel6 igeid6be tessziik ds az IF' = ,,-e" sz6cska. Figyelje vagy \4fHETHER krit6szavalikal kcitjiiLk a f6mondathoz. Az,,if/whether" meg! Azt kdrdezte,l-rogyh'iz:rs-e. Azt kdrdczi,hogv hdzas-e. nshetlif /whether shewas marvied. He He asksif /whetber sheis rnowied..
O h:izasl Is shemnt'ried?
Shensherlif / whether I ate chocolate. Hc ashedif / whether shehad.eatm chocolate. . He askedif / whether shehad'eaten chocolnte
Do vou eat chocolateI Did shceat chocolatc) FIas shc eaten chocolate)
b) Kieglszitend6 kdrdds fiigg6 beszddben: A kiegdszitend6 kdrddst fiigg6 beszidben szintdn egyenes sz6rendbe ds a megfelel6 igeid5be tessziik. Ezt a kerd6.st az eredeti kdrd6sz6val ktitjiiLk a f6mondathoz. Figyelje meg! Azt kdrdezi,hogy'rnidrt mdrges. Azt kirdezte, hogy miirt rndrges' Sheashedwhy he wa.snngry. Sheaslu why be is angryt.
Midrt rndrgcsl Why is he angryt?
He asleedwhat I d.id.. whenshehed left. He a.shed. whereI ltad' been. He asked.
What do you do) Wl'rendid she leave) Wl-rcrehave you beenf 3. FBLSZOTiTAS
GEPORTED
COMMAND,
REQUESI
ADVTCE)
Felsz6litds ds tiltds, valamint k6rds 6s tandcs idi#sekor fugg6 beszddben, azigeid6t6l fiiggetleniil, a f6mondat urdn ,,to" infinitive dll, a megfelel6 szemdlyesnivm:is tirgyesetdt kcivet6en. Thgaddsesetdn ,,not + to infinitive"-et haszndlunk. A bevezet6 f6mondatban riltaldban a kovetkez6 igdk dllhatnak a mondat irtehndnek megfelel6en: to ask - megkdr; to tell - elmond, mond, to order - parancsol to request - ig6nyel, kdr, to warn - figyelmeztet, to advise - tandcsol,to encourage - osztonoz, to forbid megrih,tob.g - konyorog, to recommend - ajdnl,javasol,to remind - emldkeztet,to urge siirget.A ,,to sa/' igit itt nem hasznrilhatjuk. He nsherlrne t0 pa.sshint the salt. Shetold.him to worh harder.
Will vou Dirsstne the saltl she told him. Work l-rarder,
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sprr+t Rrponrro / lruotnrctHe He He He
Fill in this form, please,he requestedher. Get out of here, he ordered me. Don't drive fast. You shouldn't drink more.
requested. her to f.ll in theforrn. ordwed.n e toget owt of there. me not to drfuefnst. ashed. ad.yised. rue not to d.rinh rnore.
n (S Egvib fontos tudnival6k a fiigg6 beszedr6l:
\{. A rrshall I...", ,rshall we..." kezdet(i mondatok rrl/he should", ,rwe/they should" sznrkeznttfvagy ,,to" ffindvi igendwd alalarlnak dt. Ilyenkor a 'whether" kcit6sz6t haszndljuk. Shehesitnted.whether shesbauld,ent it or not. whether to eat it or not. Tbeyashed.rne wbether theyshuwld'go there.
Shall I eat it or notl Shall we go therel . Moddlis segddigik frigg6 beszfdben: may may have might must mustn't can cantt
could should ought to needn't don't need to would had better would rather
rnight might baoe might ba rrhell" - hod to / mast. lta rrbizonld'ra" - rnwst mnostn't cowld' ha..biztos. ltoarynem ...D - ca'n't coald' shoald, oorght to needntt didntt need.to would. had' better would. rather
A modrilis segddigdktcibbnyire nem vdltozn*. Az alihdzottakra kell jobban odafigyelni, mert ezekndl a jelentdsdcinti el, hogy m6dosulnak-evagy sem.
$
Figyeternt
B:ir fiigg6 beszddbena ,,may''-b6l ,,mighd' lesz,ez nem azt jelenti, hogy a ,,might" a ,,may'' mflt idejf alakja. . Feltdtelesm6d fiigg6 besz,edben: A feltdteles m6d mrisodik 6s harmadik tipusa egydltalin nem vdltozik fiigg6 beszddben,csak az els6 feltitelesb6l lesz miisodik felt6teles. If you sell it, I will buy it. If you sold it, I would buy it. If you had sold it, I would have bought it.
He said'if I sold,it, hewowld'bay it' He said'if I sold'it, hewould'bry1it. He said,if I had,sold.h, hewowldhaoeboughtit.
. Olyan ktizldse\ amelyek riltalinos vagy iir
Our teachersaid that the Earth goesround' the Sun.
. Id6hatdrozoi melldkmondatndl a Simple Pastvagy Past Continuous igeid6 megmarad, a f6mondat dll(tm{nya pedig ritkeriilhet Past Perfect-be, de nem feltdtlentirl kell dtalakitani. When shewasyoung sheplayedthe violin.
Shesoid,whonshewaslzung sheplayed'/ had'played'theviolin. ;
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F0ccoerszEo . Az,,I wish, would rather, if only'' utdn a mult id6ben lev6 igik nem vdltoznak. He saitl.he would ratlter I d.id'n't leave. He wished.it was raining then.
I u,ould rather you didn't leave. I wish it was raining now . A szemdlyesndvmds vdltozdsa: T I
)/oLl
my
\roLlr we US ollr
he /sbe I/m/wefus his / her rny fowr tbey them their
. A hatdroz6k vdltozdsa: tlten, at that time before,earlier afow days before,afew d.oysearlier that d.ay thefollowi.ng dny, the netct dd'tl the day before, theprevi.ousd.oy tha.t monting in two d.ays'time two d.aysbefire tbefollowi.ng weehfyearythe weehftheyear after the prwi.trws weeh.fyeaqthe weeh/theyear before
110w ilgo
a ferv days :rgo today tolTrorrow vesterday this morning the dav after tomorrow the day beforeyesterdtry next r.vcek/year last rveek this these hcre
tllat
rr
+42
He said.that he was eating nn applethm. He said.that they had.seenyou the d.aybefore. if I cowld'usetlte machine. Sbeashed. if we cowld.,neettba't weeh. Sheasked. He said.Sally wasgoing to Holland. in two dayf time.
I'm eating an applc now. They sawyou yesterday. Can you usethis rnachinel Can we meet this week) Sallv is going to Holland the day after tomorrow.
$
x
those x there
r;sytemt
,,This"-b6l akkor lesz,that",
ha id6pont meghatirozdsr6l van sz6.
I'll go horner/zi week.
Shesaid,shewould.gohomethat weeh.
A mutat6ndvmdskdnt haszndlt 'this", ,rthese", ,rthat", ,rthose" fiigg6 beszddben tobbnyire ,rthe"-vi alakulnak dt. I hL<etheseshoes.
He said.he lihed.tlte shoes.
Ha azonban a ,rthis" 6s a ,rthese" f6nevet helyettesitenek, akkor ,rit" vagy rrthem" lesz bel6liik. I'll put theseon the wall.
He said he wouldpwt thnn on the wall.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES Rewrite each sentence in reported speech. Tegyea mondatokat f0gg5 besz6dbe! 1."My lrusbandis a mechanic."Shesaid (that) herhusbondwasamechonic. 2. "My rvife is workinq now." He said
137
spercH Reponrro / lruotnro 3. "We have found a purse." He said 4. "Sheila was reading when I entered." She said 5. "My sister was living in Oxford at that time." He said 6. *We are going to travel abroad." He said...... 7. "lack was unemployed for years." She told us (that) 8. "sandra and |ohn have been living together for a long time." He said 9. *We will meet outside the cinema." She said... I0. "I havehad a flat for two years."He said...... I1. *We will have been working in New York for a year by June." He said...... 12. "They had left by that time." She said I3. "Our colleaguegavea birthdayparty" Shetold us.............. 2 Rewrite each sentence in reported speech. Be carefulwith the modal auxiliaries! Not all of them will change. Tegyea mondatokat f0gg6 beszedbe! Legyen 6vatos a mod1lis segedigdkkel! Nem mindegyik fog megvdltozni ! l. "/ack, she might be able to help you." lle said sfremightheohhtohelphim. 2. "They may be at home." She said 3. "I would like to go with you." lle told me 4. "We can speakEnglish fluendy" He said 5. "I haveneverbeenableto climb a tree,"Shesaid ........... 6. "I will be very sad if he doesn't invite me." He said 7. "We had to agreeon a date." He said 8. "Tom was able to escapefrom the prison." He said 9."\f I were you I wouldn't phone her," IIe told me 10. 'lVe could get on well with each other." She said IL "They can't be friends." He said 12. "I can't play the violin." She said 13. "You mustn't cheat."Shetold him............ 14. "You must visit your grandmother."He told her ............ 15. "They must know something about the plan." She said 16. "They may have missed the train." He said 17. "We needn't worry" He said 18. "You don't need to go home." She told me 19. "You'd better stay with us." She told him 20. "I should tell him the trudr." She said 3 What were the actual words spoken? Rewrite each sentence in direct speech. Mi volt az eredeti mondat, ami elhangzott? Tegyea mondatokat f0gg6 beszddbSl egyenes beszddbe! givene slmelime." 1. He told me that I should give him some time. 'Youshould stay at a hotel. said they wouldn't like to 2. He that 3. Shesaidthat shewas fed up with her job. ........... 4. He told them that they had beenvery impolite,............... 5. Shetold me that I didn't needto help her............. :................. 6. He told her that he had missedher............. 7. Shesaid that shehad been looking for a job for months but shestill hadn't found one. .................. 8. He said that he had been sleeping then. 9. He said that she was cooking dinner when he arrived home. I0. He said that they were going to get married. 11. She told me that she had to look after the neighbour's cats. 12. She told me that I mustn't switch on that machine. 13. She said that she wouldn't be able to solve the problem
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FuccoaeszEo 4 Are the sentencesright or wrong? lf they are wrong, correct them. Concentrate on the adverbials. Helyesek-eaz alSbbi mondatok? Ha nem, javitsa ki 6ket! Koncentrdlion a hat1rozokra! to staythere. Hesoidthotshewunted l. He said that she wanred to sray here. Wrong. 2. Shc told us that she would go home drat day flrgfif. 3. Suetold me that she had seenthe der-rtisttwo daysbefore. 4. )ack said drat he was going to speakto her next week. 5. She told Torn that she was making lunch now 6. He told me that he had gone to seeher dre day beforeyesterday 7 . Trn said that he had given up smoking Iastvear. B. I told them that I had bought a car the day before. 9. He said that he would dismissten peopletl-refollowing year. 10. Shes:riddrat shehad becn working hard yestcrday this. ........... 11. He told us that shedidn't understand 12. Shesiridd-ratshewould phoneagainin two days'time........... I3. He said that he would have beenlearningEnglish for a year by dris time next month.
5 Match the report with the actual words spoken.Pdrositsaaz eredetimondatokataz iddzettmon' datokkal! l. No, I dicln'tstealthe test-papers./ 2. Well, I've stolen them. I can't deny it. 3. Youknou'what I've done) I've stolen the test-papers!I'm brave,aren'tI) 4. Why can't you belicveit) It's me who hasstolen drem. 5. Yes,it's true. I've stolen thern. 6. I don't d-rink,tha.tthey'vestolen thcm. I u'cruldklorv lborrt it.
a) He admitted that he had stolendre test-papcrs. b) He insistedtl-rathe l-radstolen drem. c) He confirmed drat he had stolenthem. d) He doubtcd that drey had stolenthem. e) He boasteddrat he had stolen the test-papers. $ Hc denieddrat he had stolenthe test-papers.
6 Put the sentences in reported speech. LJsethe following reporting verbs. Tegyea mondatokat fuggS beszedbe! Haszndlja a megadott igeket! add confirm
a&nit
decide predict
complain
boast object
insist
deny
thathehudbroken thewindow. I. "I brolie the windorv." Heodmitted 2. "I'll apply for drat job." 3. "I r,villpav the bill.'.......... 4. "I didn't har,'egradesworse than five l:Lstyear."... 5. "I won't do it alone.' (r. "I havehirclto do overtimefor a mondr now"......... 7. "It's true. Jackhas rcsigned."............... B. "The pricesof shareswill fall in the first term." 9. "And drercis one more tl-ring.We can'tspendmolc on new machinery"........... 10. "I rvasn'tdrerc '.rtthe time of dre murder. "Wh" questions in direct speech. Don't change the tense. Tegyea kieg4szitend6 ken 7 a) Put the deseket egyenes beszddbe az igeidd modositdsa n6lk0l! b) Ihe reporting verb is in the past tense. Change the rest of the sentence accordingly. A f6mondat mult id6ben van. Modositsa a mellekmondatot ennek megfelel6en! l. "Why don't you eat more soupf" a) She asksme whyldon'teolmoresoup. b) She askcd me whyI didn'teolnoresoup.
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RepoRrro sprrcH / lruornecr 2. "Where is he from|" a) She doesn't know b) She didn't know 3. "FIow long has your teacher been teaching Englishl" a) He wants to know b) He wanted to know 4. 'TVho did you meet last night|" a) She wants to know b) She wanted to know 5. "What was he doing when you entered the rooml" a) He wonders b) He wondered 6. "Who saw him therel" a) I don't know b) I didn't know 7. "How often did you meet Sashawhen you were in Moscowl" a) He wonders
b) He wondered.. 8. "Who did you comeherewithf" a) Sheasksme...... b) Sheaskedme.... 8 a) Put the "Yesor No" questionsin dired speech.Don't changethe tense.Tegyeaz eldontend6 kdrddseketegyenesbeszddbeaz igeidf m6dosit6sanelkil! b) Ihe reporting verb is in the past fense. Changethe restof the sentenceaccordingly.A f6mondat mrtft id6ben vain.M6dositsaa melldkmondatot ennekmegfelel6en! l. *Areyoumarriedl" a) He wantsto know if I omnanied. b) He wantedto know if lwosnonied. 2. "Has he everworkedasa managerf" a) I've no idea b) I didn't haveany idea........... 3. "Were you sitting in a bar at dlat timef" a) He asksme b ) H e a s k e dm e ..;............... 4. "Did he have to go to the office yesterdayl" a) He would like to know ........ b) He would have liked to know 5. "Does he want to give up his jobl" a) I don't know........ b) I didn't know......... 6. "Flave you been waiting long|"
: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::: :::::::: ::: ::::: : ::::: ;lfi:li[oll;::::::::::::::::: :::::: ::: :::: :::::::
7. "Would he like to go on holidayl" a) Shewantsto know b) Shewantedto know
"Wh' 9 Put the and "Yesor No" questionsin directspeechafter Do you know...?, CanlCould you tell me...? Tegyea kiegdszftend56s eldontend6 kdrd6seketegyenesbeszddbea ,,Doyou you tell me...?"bevezet6kdrddsek know...?' 6s a ,,CanlCould utdn! J. "FIow canI get to the station)" Could you tell me how I cangeltothestation? "Is 2. he h"ppy to seeher againl"Do you know......... 3. "I{as shecomebackl" Can you tell me
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FuccoaeszEo 4. "How often do they checkthe alarm)" Do you know "....... 5. "Are his parentsrvorkingnow)" Could you tell me ........"... 6. "Will they get divorcedl" Do you know ......... 7. "Where are the ticketsl" Can you tell me " B. "Who is shegoing to dre cinemawithf Do you know........' " "Did thel'leavefor Londonf Can you tell me ............ 9. "Yes or No" questions in direct speech after Do you saylthink...? And Did you saylthink 1O Put the ...? Change the tense if needed. Tegyeaz eldontend6 kerdeseket egyenes beszedbe a ,,Do you saylthink.. .?" es a ,,Did you saylthink...?" bevezet6 kdrdlsek utdn! M6dositsa az igeid6t, amennyiben sz}kseges! now? isot home l. Is sl-rcirt home now) Do you d-rink she 2. fu'e they at scl-roollDid you saytheywereststhool? 3. Have tl-reybeenherel Do yolt think... 4. Did they needto borrow moneyf Did you think ......... 5. Are dre childrenplayingnowf Do you say...... 6. Will he marry mel Did you say 7. Are drey going to rnove into that flatl Do you say 11 Put the following commands, requesfsand advice into reported speech.IJsethe following reporting verbs. Tegyea kovetkez6 felszolitasokat, k6reseket, tandcsokat filggd besz6dbe! Haszndliaa kovetkez6 bevezetd ig6ket! advise command
order
recomrnend
warn
remind
urge
b.g
request
ask encourage
Mr Leone. menotto upset L. "If I were )/oll I wouldl't upset Mr Leone", he said. Heudvised "That car is alwaysbrcaking dorvn. Don't buy it! said her mechanic. 2. " 3. "Will you closethe windows, pleasef said my teacher " 4. "Cor-rldyou supply us with satnplesf wrote dre salesrepresentative. ............. 5. "lJse the grenadesl"shoutedtheir serge'a.nt. 6. "You should take a few daysoff', said my colleague. 7. "l)on't fbrgct to phoneyour modrer!" shesaid........'." B. "Trv to walk faster!" said her bovfi'iend. 9. "Stop laughingl It's not ridiculous" sl-routedtheir father.
Giveme somcthingto eat!"shetold them.....'.... 10."I'ln stirrving. "You aresuitablefor dratjob. Youshouldapplyfor it", his wife said' 11.
12 Put the following sentencesinto reportedspeech.Tegyea kovetkez6mondatokatfilgg6 beszddbe! drinkil or not. todrinkit or nol. d whether / sheshould 1. SlrallI drink it or notl Sl-rehesitate Shesuggested.............. 2. Lct'sgo to thecinetna. 3. I don't think this spicydishis goodfor your heart.I wouldn'teatit. He suggested 4. Shall I put off dre meeting or not| She couldr-r'tdecide "Yes"Sheaskedme if.......... and I said 5. "Will uo., "rrlo* the dustiinl" "'No." "Would .. and I said ......"'.. know wanted to She you marry herf 6. "No, I'm not." Shewondered......'..".. " and I said 7."Are vou happyf " ............... B. "Lct's dance. He suggcsted "suggcsted *bD-"-' '-'^^ it to her." A.r-rn 9. "Lct's not bgive |J"" "Sh:rll \,veput au advertismentin the newspaper)"Shesuggested............' 10. 11. "What aboutgoing to the beach)"He suggested................ 12. "How about taking dre dog for a r,valkf"He suggested...'......'.... I3. "Sl-rallwe phonethe policeor shallwe keepit quietl" Shehesitated.......'...'.... .........'..' 14. "Let's not bodrer about dre details."He suggested
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speecu REponreo / lruotnro 13 Put the following sentencesinto repofted speech.Use the verbsin brackets.Tegyea kovetkez6 mondatokat fngg6 beszddbe! Haszn1ljaa zdrojelben lev6 igeket! meformylelter. thsnked 1. "Thank you for your letter", shesaid.(thank) She "Have 2. a niceweekend",he saidto us. (wish) 3. "What a lovelydog!" sheexclaimed.(say) 4. "llow boring he is!" shesaid.(complain) .............. 5. "Congranrlations on your wedding!"he saidto her.(congranrlate) 6...YouareanincurableIiar!',shesaidtoherson.(call) 14 Rewriteeachsenfencein reportedspeech.Tegyea mondatokatf0gg6 beszedbe! 1. "I found a twenry-poundnote in my pocketthe day beforeyesterday"shesaid. twodoys hefore. o twenty-pound note in herpocket ihesaidshe hadfound 2. "When I wasa child, I went to churcheverySunday,"saidBob. 3. "A few weeks ago my litde daughter started to speak,"said Emma. 4. "Sorne yearsago I couldn't imagine drat you would also have children," said Tina to her sister. 5. "If Sheila gets a bank loan, she won't be able to pay it back," her brother said. 6. "My neighbours are always quarrelling in the middle of the night," she complained. 7. "If I were you, I wouldn't spend tll -y money on her," she advisedhim. 8. "We won't need to lend our car to him next week, becausehe has alrcady had his car repair,ed,"shesaid. 9. "YesterdayI didn't want to go to Jack'sparty becausemy husband was there toq" she said. I0. "They will have reachedthe coast of America by this time next month," he said. II. "My students didn't dare to behavebadly becausedrey saw that I was in a bad mood," she said.
12. "Youmust apologiseto her for your rudebehavioruotherwiseshewill be verydisappointed,"shesaid. 13. 'Ted can't have been at home by that time sincehe had left the office at 5.30," he claimed. 14. 'My parents wished they had more money," he said. 15. "You had better stay away from work for a couple of days if you don't want to get ill again," he said. 16. *Shall I show vour brother how this machine worksl" he saic. L7. "Lets not postpone dre meeting," he said. I8. "Shall we travel to the seain summerl" he said. 19. "I would rather you didn't waste yoru time reading that silly magazine,"said my mother. 20. "When I entered the room the children were climbing out through the window," she said.
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Fucc6srszEo 15 Choose the correct answer. Vdlasszaki a helyesmegolddst! '.. nice. ..... in the gardenif theweather'.'.. 1. Shesaidshe was work B) will / A) rvould work / had been D) would haveworked / was C) rvould work / was 2.I'm so tired that I can't keep my eyesopen. The underlined part in reported speechwill be: B) couldn't keep A) car-r'tkeep D) rvasn'tableto keep C) couldu'thavekept 3. Tl-reycan'r be at horne now That's for sure. The underlined part in reportcd speechwill be: B) couldn't be A) can't be D) might not be C) coulc|-r'thavebeen 4. She said she would deal with A) it / now C) d-rat/ now
right ' B) it / dren D) this / then
5. I1n not going to do this translation until tomorrow. The underlined parts in reported speechwill be: B) drat/ next day A) it / following day D) the / the following day C) the i dre previousday 16 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. A kolldgdid azt mondt'ik, hogy az iroddbanvagy 2. A kutat6k azt mondtiik, hogy meg lesziink eldgedveaz eredmdmyel. 3. Aztmondta Bill, hogy amikor telefondltamneki, dpp fiirdott. 4. Azt iillftotta a szomszddom,hogy nem ldtott senkitsem bemennia hdzamba. 5. Azr hittiik, hogy miel6tt elindultok, telefondlni fogtok. 6. Azt gondolt:itok, hog.yin meg fogok bocs{tani. 7. Azt mondta Pdter,hogy a n6vdre most a vizsgdirakdsziil. B. Azt gondoltuk, hogy te mdr mindent elint6zt6l. 9. Azt hittem, hogy Jackmdr ivek 6ta Amerikdbanil. 10. Azt mondta Mrs Black, hogy Thm{st ma kirugtdk az iskoldb6l. ll. Nern gondolruk volna, hogy kdpesv^W ezt a projektet kivitelezni' 12. Azt rnondtdk, hogy 6 aldcorHollandidban volt, de mdgsem. 13. Azt mondtdk, hogy te tegnap otkor veluk tdrgyaltdl. 14. Azt mondt{k, szdnddkukbanrill rij partnereketkeresni. 15. Azt dllitottiik, hogy ez a konyv mdr megjelent angolul is' 16. A bizotts:ig rigy dontott, hogy felbonrjik a szerzldesr.ezzela ciggel. 17. A cikk t"irt6j" azr dllirotta, llogy harminc iwel ezel6tt szemdlyesenis taldlkozott a Seuzokincsek megtaldl6jdval. 18. Azt hittiik,le meg nrdod gy6zni Palit, hogy ne menjen oda a gyilkossdghelyszindre. 19. A tanri azt dllitotta, hogy bizony{ra a rabl6t ldtta elszokni. 20. A tan{r azt mondta, hogy az essz€t1ov6 hdten kell beadni. 2L Azt rnondtad, nincs sziiksdgedsegftsigre. 6 sohanem lett volna kdpesarra, hogy hazudjon nekem. 22. Aztmondra a fdrjem, hog-y23. Aztmondtdk neki a tanirai, hogy le rudnd tenni a vizsgdt,ha kcmdnyebbentanulna. 24. Mi&tmondtad neki azr, hogy ha tudtuk volna, hogy itthon vatr,meghivtuk volna a bulibaf 25. Azt mondra a fi5nokom, hogy ez egy ziiros tigy, is azt is hozzdfi3zte,hogy jobban tenndm, ha nem avadcoznikbele. 26. Azt rnondta, hogy arnikor fiatal volt, nent doh{nyzott. 27. Aztmondta a feleiigem, hogv tegnapcl6ttazdrtncrn akart elmenni sehovtl,tnert mdr kds6r'olt. szeretne 28. )ack azt rnondra, hogy mivel New Yorkbirnmdr j.irt tavalyny{ron, jov6re Los A.ngelesbe tncuui. 29. Azt rnondra, hogy a m/rlt hdten ebben a bdrban taliilkozott az iij bardtn1ievel.
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- FuccdeeszEo RepoRrro spEEcH / llrotnEcr 30. Azt mondtdk, ma minden ki fog deri,ilni. 3L. Azt mondta, hogy ezt a filmet fel kellene venni. 32. Meger6sftettdk, hogy az igazgat6i i.ilCstelnapoltrik. 33. Elismerte, hogy a diplomadolgozatdtmdssal iratta meg. 34. Megj6soltrik, hogy a katasztr6fabe fog kovetkezni. 35. Eldicsekedte,hogy ndgyesnil rosszabbosz,tilyz totnem kapott ebben a feldvben. 36. Ragaszkodott ahhoz, hogy a szirml{rt6 fizesseki. 37.Tagadta, hogy mrilt h6napban meglitogatta a szi.ileit. 38. Megkdrdeztiik a gyerekeket,miirt mondtikazt,hogy az iskoliban minden rendben. 39. ftdni akartuk, mi6ta tanulnak angolul. 40. Kivrincsiak voltak, kiket hivtunk meg az eskiiv6re. 41. MegkdrdeztCk,mi a foglalkozdsom. 42. ftdni akartdk, hogy most ippen min dolgozik. 43. Kivdncsiak voltunk, mit csindlt az iroddban, amikor beliptiink. 44. Elklpzeldstink sem volt, hogy midrt akar elvrilni Tomt6l. 45. Megkdrdezte, hogy szeretndk-e megtanulni sielni. 46. Tidni szerettevolna, hogy van-e esdlyebejutni a dcint6be. 47. Megk€rdezte,hogy r€g6ta vrirunk-e rri. 48. Fogalma sem volt r6la, hogy hogyan keriilt oda. 49. Tudni akarta, eljohet-e veliink szrnhdzba. 50. Megkdrdezti.ik, szereti-e a toninelmi tdmdjd konyveket. 5I. ftdni akarta, megtesziink-e minden t6li.ink telhet6t az irdekdben a holnaputrini trirgyalison. 52. MegkdrdeztCk,ki kell-e takaritani a lakdst,miel6tt elmennek, ds in azt vdlaszoltam,hogy termdszetesen igen. 53. Megkdrdeztdk, kcilcscinvehetik-eaz aut6t holnaputdn. 54. Azr kdrdezt6k, szabad-eitt dohdnyozni. 55. Azt kdrdezte Greg, szeretndk-eelmenni vele ma estemoziba. 56. Aztkirdezte, hogy tegnapel6a ki haszndltaa fdnymrisol6t. 57. Tdni akaftdk, hogy ha megkirn6nek engem, megtennim-e nekik ezt a szivessiget. 58. Azt tandcsoltuk nekik, hogy vegydk fel a kapcsolatota biztositdsi iigynokkel. 59. Megparancsolta a katondlcnak,hogy ne l6jenek. 60. Javasoltuk,hogy iddn nyriron menjtink nyaralni. 6L. Aztjavasolta, hogy forduljak szakorvoshoz,mihelyt lehetsiges. 62. }Jezitdlt, hogy most otthon maradjon vagy eljcijjon veliink. 63. Nem tudta eldonteni, hogy megpdlyiz,za-e azt az illdst vagy csinrilja azt, amit eddig is csindlt. 64. Megkirdezte,hogy hozzimenndk-e felesCgi.il,de 4n azt mondtam, hogy nem.
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(to) INFINITIVE
IGENEV TOruEVI KEPZES: Az angol nyelvbena f6ndvi igendvnekkdt form:ija van: FULL INFINITIVE BARE INFINITIVE (TO ndlkiiLlhaszniilatos). FULL INFINITIVE
(TO-val elkitott) ds
flO-val elftitott):
Alakjai: PRESENT INFINITTVE lelen idej(rf6ndvi igeniv PRTSENT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE Folyamatosjelen idej( fbndvi igendv PERFECT INFINITIVE Befejezett(rnult idejii) f6nivi igen6v PERFECT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE Befejezett(mrilt idej() folyamatos fi5ndvi igendv PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE felen idejri f6ndvi igendv,passziv PASSIVE PER-FECT INFINITIVE Ilefejezett(mrilt idej() f6ndvi igendv,passziv
to work, to do, to be to be working, to be doing to have worked, to have done, to have been to have been working, to have been doing to be done to have been done
Figyelje meg! He is snid.to worh ltere He is said.to be worhing on a newproject.
Azt rnondjdk,itt dolgozik. Azt mondjrik, most egy fj projektendolgozik Azt mondj{k, tavalyott dolgozott. Azt mondjdk, ivek 6ta ott dolgozik. Azt mondjdk, szeretik. Azt mondjdk, kirugt{k.
He He He He
is saiclto hove worhcd.there lastyear is said.to ltave beenworhing therefor aga. is said.to be loved'. is said,to ltove bem soched'.
A FULL INFINITWE leggyakoribb formdja a PRLSENT INFINITIVE, valelldtott f6ndvi igeniv.
vagyis az egyszrriiTO-
HASZNAI.AT: l. Cdlhatdroz6i mellikmondatok
bevezetisire: I went to the l:ibraty to borrow a good.book.
Ehnentem a konyvtdrba, hogy kikolcsonozzekegyj6 konyvet. 2. A kcivetkez6 igik utrin: agree- egyetdrtvalamivel aim - cdlja var-r allow - rnegengedi appear- t6nik, l{tszik arrange - elintdz, megszervez ask sy to - megkir vkit valamire attempt - megkisdrel
I agreed.topny $2000. W nirned.to reach the target. He allowed.rne togo tbere. He nppeared.to besatisf.ed.. Theyarvanged.to mtet hirn. hirn not to lenpe. W asked. W atternptedto prod.uceoil.
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lrurrrurrvr afford - megenged magrinak valamit choose -valaszt claim - dllit decide - dont
fru can't ffird. to bwya hoasenow. W cbosetogo there. He clairusto hnveseena UFO. not to sta! nt howe. W d.ecid.ed.
Tovribbi igek:
;"'
deserve - megdrdemel determine - elhatdroz valamit encourage - biitorit, osztlnoz enable - kdpess6tesz expect - elvdr fail - nem sikeriil valami, megbukik forbid - megtilt force - kinyszerit forget - elfelejt megcsindlni valamit get sy to - rdvesz guarantee - garantdl happen to - tortdnetesenrigy esik, hogy hesitate - habozik hope - remdl learn - megtanul long - vrigyik valamire manage - sikeri.il mean - szrinddkozik,akar offer - felajrinl order - parancsol persuade - meggy6z plan - tervez prepare - kdsziil valamire
be prepared - fel van kdsziilvevalamire I i pretend - tettet, szinlel promise - megigf,r ,, prove - bizonyit, bizonyul refuse - visszautasit valunit remember - nem felejt el megcsind-Lni seem - tfinik, ldtszik swear - megeski.iszik teach - tanft tend - hajlamos valamire tell - mond threaten - fenyeget6zikvalamivel, fenyeget not trouble/not bottrer- nem zavartagamagdt try - megkisirel turn out - kideriil undertake - vdllal want - akar warn - figyelmeztet wish - 6hajt would like/love - szeretne would prefer - jobban kedvel
3. Bizonyos lgik targyitk
Verb+object+to
Azt tandcsolom neked, hogy fordulj szakorvoshoz. Elvdrom t6le, hogy letegye avizsgdt. Azt akarom, hogy megdrtsed. Arra kdrt, hogy segftsekneki. Nem engedemmeg, hogy dohrinyozzon. Senkineknem javaslom, hogy itt maradjon.
I ad,viseyow to turw to a sltecinl,ist. I acpecthim to passthe exam. I want you to und.erstand.it. He ashed.mc to help hirn. I d.on'tollow lter to srnohe. I dnn't recom.matd.anybod,yto stay here.
DE!
in thisbwild.ing. Srnohingis not allowed. stayinghwe. I dnnttrecornrnend.
Ebben az dptiletben nern lehet dohrinyozni. Nem javaslom, hogy itt maradjunk. 4. Mellikneves ds szdmneves szerkezetekkel:
It's easy / difficult / hard / impossible / safe / dangerous (for sy) to do sth kcinnyi I neh6z/ leheteden / biztonsrtgos/ veszdlyes(valakinek) megtenni valamit
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rcrruEv ForuEvr It's nice / good / bad to - kellemesI j6 I rossz It's nice oiyo.t/ him i her to.../ rettiibl" of... lclever of.../ stupid of... lsilly of .../ considerateof '../ hogy ... / Butasrtgvolt t6le, hogy. / unfair of ... to ... - Szdpt6led / t6le, hogy ... / Okos dolog rdsz€r61, Figvelmest6le, hogy ... / Nern igazsdgost6le, hogy ... t'il happy I glad/*pleased Tdelfuhted I sad ldisappointed / surprised / astonished I amazrd / relieved (for sy) io - ttoldog vagyok, h"gy ... / Orillok, hogy ... Szomoni /csal6dott/ meglepettvagvok,hogy ... iVlegclobbent / Elkdpeszt/ Megnprgtat, hogy (valakicsindlvalamit) .. ' to 6e the first / the second / itri ttrira... threlast / the next / the only to do sth - ... az cls6/ a mdsodik i tr harmadil
It is easyto und'erstand' bhn. It\ easyfor Tbrn to wd.erstand.Dndd'y. It\good, to seeyou. It\ dfficult (for tnt) to lenrn English words. He wastbefirst to orri.ve nnd.the last to leave. Wnshe swrprised'to ltear the nnvs? I wasd.elighted.to get yowrpostcard.. It wasstwpid of Eve to give up herjob. It wasclwer of you to invi.te hint.
5. Bizonyos kifejezesekben (to be to, to be due to, to be about to, used to' to be likely to, to be bound to. to be certain to): I'nc nbout to lenve. The train is to leme nt six. to befnt. I wsed. Tbe bwsis due to anive at fie. He is lihelyto corue. He isveryintelligent.He is bowndtopas tbeexaw' Sheis sure/certain to corne.
Irpp indulni kdsziilok. A vonatnakh:rd
Tolearn ltalian is easy.
Olasznl,elvst tanulni konnyi.
7. A ,,too + rnellikndv" / ,,mell6kndv + enough" szerkezeteket kovet6en: He is too young to wnderstandit He is not talented. enough to go to university.
Tfl fiirt:rlmdg, hogy meg6rtse. ahhoz, Ncrn el6g tehetsdges hogv egvetemremenjetr.
8. Bizonyos igdket kiivet6en kdrd6sz6t + to + f6n6vi igenevet haszndlunk (ask, decide, know, * to): remember, e*plain, learn, understand, wonder + what/ho{where/whether Megkdrdezten, bogyanhell hitljlteni a nyomtatv'inyt. Nem nrdonr elclonteni,hogyw.arad.jak-,vagy sem. Elmagyariiztad neki, bogymit leellcsindlnial Tlrdod, hogyhell eljutni a p{lyaudvarraf M.rjd 6 elmondja neked, hogywit tegyil. Megt'.rnultam, hogyanhell betfizni ezt t sz6t.
how to coruI,letethefonn. I ashed. I cnn't decid.ewhetber to stay 07'7't'0t. Have yowexplainedto her what to d.o? Do you know ltow toget to the stntion? He ruill tell yow what to d.o. I've leawfi ltow to spell tbis word..
9. A,,take sy a long time / five minutes / hours / ten days to" = ,,tart valamennyi ideig" kifejezdsben. Mcnnvi ideig tart (neked)eljutni az {llom{sral Nckern kb. kdt percig trrrt eljutni oda. Mennvi id6t fog iginybe venni, hogy befejczzea konyvet)
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How long fuesit taheyow t0qet t0 tbe stationl It tnkesme about two minutestoget there' Hrw long will it taheher toJ'ttt'ishthe booh?
lNrrrurlve Zsuzsinakkit h6napjribakeriilt megszereznl a jogosfwdnydt. Eldg sok id6mbe telt, mire megtaldltalal(. BARE INFINITM
It mohSuetwornanthst0get herdriryingl,irence.' It toohrnequite a lot of tirne tof'nd' you.
(TO n6lkiil)
i i i
l. Segddigdkutrin (can, could, ilay, needn't, dare): I can't do it. I rnayiwite hiru.too.
En "rtnem tudom megcsindlni. Lehet,hogy meghivom6t is. DE!
A 'need" ds a,rdare" ig6k kCtf6lealakbanldteznek.Lehetnek segCdigdk6s f6igek egyarrint.Figyelje meg' a rrto" haszndlatdt! Segidigekdnt:
How d.areyouspeahto melihethatl I d.nren'tgothne. yougo horne? Need. . I need.n't fi.nishit bytornowow aboutit. not speak. I d.ared.
Hogy mersz igy beszdlniveleml! Nem merek odamenni. Haza kell mennedi Ezt nem kell holnapra befejeznem. Nem mertem beszilni err6l. F6igekdnt:
Did. you dare (to) go there? I dnn't need.to dn it byMond.ay. I needtd.to seeber.
Oda mertdl mennil Nem kell megcsinii.LnomhddSre. Meg kellett l{togatnom.
2. Biz-onyos igdk tirgydtt kovet6en (let sy do sth, make sy do sth): Nem engedem,hogy odamenj. Arra kinyszeritett, hogy adjam oda a p5nzt{rrcitmat.
I d.on'tlet yowgo there. He rnndr megive hirn my parse.
DE! A rrmake sy do sth" szenved6 szerkezetben miir,rsy was made to do". fura kdnyszeritettdk,hogy adja oda a pinzt6,,rcdj6,t.
He wasrnade togbe thern hispurse.
3. Bizonyos kifejezdsek utrin (had better do sth, would rather do sth, why not do sth): I bad.better stny at home. I wowld rather go to bed.. Why not tahe nfew day offi
Jobban tenndm, ha itthon maradn6k. Inkdbb most lefekiidndk. Midrt ne vegyiink ki pdr nap szabadsdgotf
- FEADATOK EXERCISES 1 Completefhe senfencesfor eachsituation. A szitu1ciokalapj1n egdszltseki a mondatokat! 1. A: Couldyou givemy book backlB: Sure.He agreedtogiveherhookhotk. him............ 2. A: Youshouldwork harder. B: I knoq Mum. Sheexpects 3. A: Why don't you buy a carf B: I haveno moneyIIe can'taffcrd 4. A: Could you lend me your carl B: No! Sherefused 5. A: Are you goingon holidaylB: Yes,to Spain.He is pIannitg............. 6. A: Don't forgetto postthe letter.B: OI(. He remindedher .........
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ForuEvttcEttEv 7. A: 8. A: 9. A: 10. A: It. A: 12. A:
Don't go fast.It's a very dangerousbend.B: Don't worry! Shewarnedhim ........... Where shall we stay?B: Go to Jack'sGuesthouse.FIe recomtnendedthem May I smokehereI B: Pleasedon't. Shedidn't allow him Youshouldseethe doctor.B: Do you think sof Sheadvisedhirn ........... Give me dre money! B: Yes,sir. He orderedthe cashier You can seethar driving is not so complicated.B: Tl-rankyou for the lessons.He taught him
I3. A: Don't tell anybodyB: I won't. He promised............... 14. A: If I were you I wouldn't go there. B: OK. I won't. He persuadedhim 15. A: If you tell anybodyI will beatyou up. B: I'll keepquiet.He threatenedhim ..,........ 2 Complete fhe sentences with a suitable verb. Egdszitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaillS igevel! to stay at home. t. We didn't feel like going out so we decided ........ her not to tell anybody 2. Shesaidit was a secretso I p.. ... to catchthe train to London. 3. As I got up too late I f..... ....... to get to the shore. 4. Although I couldn't swim, I found a pieceof wood and I m. to post the lettersthat Suegaveme yesterdayShewill be very 5. My God! I f....... angr11becauseit would have been very urgent. ..... to be sentto prison. 6. Shecommitteda seriouscrime so shed.. 7. Wher-rthe teacherentereddre roorn everybodystoppedspeakingand r-robodyd...... to saya word. ....... me to seethe doctor. B. Seeinghow paleI was,shea.. to passit. 9. The examwas very difficult but everybodyh. .. to meet the representative 10. I know that we are very busy on 4'r'August but I a. of the trade union for dre sameday,becausedrat is the only day when \,'e can talk to him. 3 Read fhe sentences and transform them following the example. Use ... would like sy to do..., want sy to do... Alakftsa 5t a mondatokat a pdlda alapjdn! Haszn1ljaa ,,want sy to do" 6s a ,,would like sy to do" szerkezeteket! posturds. mesome I. "Send me some postcards."Iwouldlikeyouto send 2. Slretold him to be silent. Shewuntedhimtobesilent. 3. He askedme to lend him my bicycle. 4. "Wl-rydon't you work harderf"............. 5. IGthy needsyour help........... 6. "Could you pleaseturn the radiodown)' .............. 7. I askedhim to stop talldng B. "Could you give me some advicel" 9. He askedme to meethim at the statioll................ I0. I told them to stay:lt home. 4 Complete the questions.lLsedo you want me to... / would you like me to...? Egdszftseki a kerdeseket!Haszn1ljaa ,,do you want me to.../would you likeme to...?" szerkezeteket"! youlikemetogo/oler?(go later) 1. Slrall I go now or would 2. Shallwe go to a restaurantor ............ 3. Have you got your car here or 4. Will you speakto Mr Watsonor.............. 5. Can you do it aloneor.............. 6. Can you usethis photocopieror 7. Do you want to be aloneor..............
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(cooksomething)| (ler-rdmine)) (speak to him)l ........ (helpyou)) .........(show you)f .......(stayherewith you))
lrurrrurnve 5 Make a new sentenceusing the verbs in brackets.irion ui mondatokat a zdroielben megadott igdk segftsdgevel! You seen toheexhausted. to Hetends losethings.
1. Youareexhausted.(seem) 2.Tim losesthings.(tend) 3. jack is preparing for something. (seem) 4. Your son is bored with school. (appear) 5. His daughter passedthe exam. (claim) 6. Bill is absent-minded. (tend) 7. Sarahis looking for something. (seem) 8. She lost her glasses.(appear)
6 Make a new sentence following the example. irjon 0j mondatokat a pelda alapi6n! L It 2. It 3. It 4. It 5. It 6. It 7. It 8. It 9. It
is said that he is married. Heis soidtohemarried. is believedthat she is working for the CIA........... is known that /oe has lost his job. is saidthat they will travelabroad............... is thought that her flat is sold. is known that a new bridge will be built. ......... is expectedthat more workers will be employed. is thought that her flat was broken into. ........... is believedthat they are doing new experiments.......,...
7 Connect the senfences following the example. IJse the words in brackets. Kosse ossze a mondatokat a pdlda alapjdn! Haszn1lia a zdroielben megadott szavakat! t!.atfilry. towa.kh I. He is very young. He shouldn't watch that film. (t9o) tleis tooyoung young he uhle todoil. enough to is not She do it. (enough) be able to is old.-She won't 2. She (enough) it. won't understand 3. She is not very clever.She 4. She is very short. She can't reachthe top shelf. (too) 5. ]ane is very weak.Shewon't be ableto lift it. (enough).".'.....:....'.. 6. Kathy is lazy She won't do her homework for Monday (too) .......'. 7. Kathy is lazy She won't learn the topics for the exam. (enough) .. ...... 8. Jeremyis very shy He won't speakin public. (too)........" 9' I am very tired' r can't finish this rePorttoday (too) .....::::.:.....:.........::: 10. I am not very fit. I can't climb the stairs.(enough).. ...... 8 Finishfhe sentences following the example. Fejezzebe a mondatokat a pelda alapi6n! I. Everybody was here on time but you are late again. You are always thelusttoarrive. 2.Iohn left the room first, I followed him. I was the 3. When I saw him I was very h"ppy I was very.. 4. I could easily understand him. It was 5. What he said was very complicated.I could not understandhim well. It was ..........., 6. This problem is complex. I don't know how to solveit. It will be.............. 7. 'This is Paul.""I'm.......... 9 Complete each sentencewith what I how / whether I where + fo + one of these verbs. Egdszitse ki a mondatokat a ,,whatlhowlwhetherl where + to" szerkezettel+ a kovetkez1 igek valamelyikevel!
persuade stay
say
irnitc
accept
getuse
do
look for
tell
not. I. I cannotdecidewhethertoinvitehimor to the station,pleasef 2. Could you tell me ... .. for the night,I haven'tbookedanywhere' 3. I don't know ...
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FonEvr rcexev 4. Can you show me ... this cameraf 5. The situation was very ernbarrassing,I didn't know . 6. Could you tell rne ... ...... in suchan awkwardsituationl 7. He is so head-strongand stubborn. I don't know . .. him that l-reis wrong. B. I I'rave lost rny keysand I haveno idea ............ it. 9. I have brokcn my mother's favourit crystalvase.I don't know . .. .. ..... her. job 10. This is well-paidbut I shotildhavetoo much responsibiliryI can't decide ........ it or not. "10 Complete the sentenceswith dare / dare not I need I needn't / not dare to / dare to I not need to I need to. Pay special attention to the tenses.Egeszftseki a mondatokat a ,,dare I dare not / need/ needn't" vagy a ,,not dare to / dare to / not need to / need to" szerkezetekkel.)gyeljen az igeiddre! 1. Tlre meeting tolnorrow is not so important, so we won'tneed to go. 2.L,astnightmv cousinrrccompanied me home because I ...... ....... go home irlone. 3. .. . .. ...... finish the projectyesterdayf 4. Wrll you come with me to the hospitalnext weekl I will be too anxiousand I . ......... go thcre alone. 5. How you do it to your motherl Shameon you! 6. | ... ..... write dre essaytodayso we can go out if Vou wirnt to. 7 . The kidnapperswere very cruel. The peoplewere scarecland nobodv . . .. .. sa,va r,vord. B. Hor.v . . . . you askme dratl 9. ..... . . .. . . . l i e ! Y o uc a n ' td e c e i v em e. 1'l Complete the senfences with a suitable word. You mustn't use to. Eg1szitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaillS sz6val! A ,,to"-t most nem haszndlhatja! 1. Tl-ratbag looks he:rvyLet nte helpyou widr it. 2. The film had a very sad ending, it made her ... 3. The robbcrs pointed dre gun at the cashier.They made l-rim ....... them the money frorn the sirfe. 4. My clirughterwas very angry bccauseI didn't let her .. to thc disco. 5. F{aveyou had a haircutl It reirllvmakesyolr .. .. . . . . . younger. 6. I cirn't let rny son ... what he wants. He is too young to decidervhat is right ar"rdwl'rirt ls wrol-lg.
7. If I rvcre\
151
lrurrrurrrve II. I didn't dare 12. You needn't
13. Shewasnot allowed 14. He doesn'tneed.. 15. How dareyou
into her house, becausethere was a big dog lying in the doorway (go) .... me the truth now I'll find it out myself. (tell)
the cat into the flat. (take) . the washingup. His wife alwaysdoesit. (do) .. the carwithout askingme| (take)
13 Answerthe questionsusing the words in brackets.V6laszoljona kirddsekrea zdroielbenmeg' adott szavak feIhaszndISsdvaI! myhomework. tofinlsh metwohourc I. How long did it takeyou ro finish your homeworkl (2 hours) lt took (80 days) worldl around the 2. How manydayswill it takeWilly Fog to travel 3. How long did it take him to get to the topf (2 weeks) 4. How many yearswill it take the researchersto find tl'reremedyl(about5 years) 5. How long does it take your brother to get to school on footf (20 minutes) 6. How long does it take to get to the centre by busf (half an hour) 7.How long does it take to get to Budapestfrom Veszprdmf (about two hours)
14 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Egyetdrtettink azzal,hogy kdrp6toljuk 6t a vesztes6geidrt. 2. Azvokac6lja, hogy dv v6g6reeldri a cdlkitfizdst,de ezt nern sikeriilt megval6sitania. 3. Ugy r(nilq eligedett az eredmdnnyel. 4. Nem trint tr-il boldoenak. 5.U.gy rfinik, mindentYelkovetteteka siker drdekiben. 6.9W t6nik, nem birk6ztak meg a feladattal. 7 . Ugy szerveztiik,hogy hdt 6rakor taldlkozunk vele az dllomdson. S. ltegkrsdreltdk feltuvni a figyelmdt az expedici6 veszdlyeire,de (rgy tdnt, hogy nem sokat tcir6dott vele, 9. Gyermeldcoromban nem engedhettiik meg magunknak, hogy ki.ilfoldre utazzunk. 10. Ugy dontottek, hogy j6vdhaBylaka bizottsrigjavaslatdt. II. Ez a tulajdonsdgakdpessdteffe arra, hogy bdrkit bdrmir6l meggy6zzon. 12. Nem sikeriilt felrevezetniea hat6sdgokat. 13. Felajdnlondk,hogy segitenekaz els6ldpdsekmegtdteliben. 14. Amit mondott, igaznak bizonyult. 15. A kirrtly azt parancsoka a szolgi,inak,hogy taldljdk meg a lednydt. 16. Megfgdrti.ik any.rnak, hogy irunk neki kdpeslapot,mihelyt odadriink' 17. Azt szeretndm,ha te is riszt venndl a versenyben. 18. Azt mondtad neki, hogy tor6djon a maga dolgdvall L9. Az orvos azt tan{csolta azallergi{s betegeinek,hogy prir napig ne hagyjdk el a lakdst. 20. Aztjavaslom neked, hogy fontold meg a dontdsedet. 2l.Iglretettenni konnyi, de betartani nehdz. 22. Lehetetlen meggylzni 6t, mert olyan makacs. 23. Yeszllyes ilyen dolgokr6l nyilvrinossrigel6tt bes#lni. 24. Nagyon figyelmes volt t6led, hogy virrigot vitt6l a tandrn6dnek. 25. Orommel venndk r6szt a konferencidn. 26.Hnbye dolog volt t6led, hogy meghivdsndlkiil mentdl oda. 27. Akommunista orszdgok kozi.il Magyarorszigvok az els6, aki a liberaliziici6 utjara ldpett. felmondott. 28. Terencevolt a kovetkez6. al<:, 29. f,nleszek az utols6, aki elhagyja a termet. 30. T" tulsdgosanis tehetsdgesvagy ahhoz, hogy enndl a kis cdgndl maradjdl 3I. O mdg nil fiatal ahhoz, hogy megdrtse. 32. Nem el6g britor ahhoz, hogy ezt a feladatot elvdllalja.
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Foruevt tcrruev 33. Nen-rnrdom, l-rogykoszonjekel t6le. 34. Ncrn ftrdom, l-rolkezdjcrn. 35. Ncrn tudja eldonteni, hogy vajon most clinduljon v:rgyrnaradjon. 36. Elrnirgva.riztadneki, hogyan kell eljutni a kozpontbaf 37. flrdod, hogy mit kell tcnnedl 38. Megtrrr-rultad mdq hogv mit kell mondani egy ilycn helyzetbcnf 39. Mennyi ideig tart odadrni a munkahclvedre) 40. Nckem rndsfdl6riinrbrrkeriil, hogy odadrjekaz iskoliba. 4I. Sok id6t fog igdnybevenni, hogv befejezz|tekezta projektet. 42. Elvirjik t6lem, hogl'ott legyeka fogacldson. 43. Azt szeretni,ha dn is ott lcnndk) 44. Azt akarorn,hogy maradj itt velern. 45. Nem virom el t6letek, hogy segitsereknekem. 46. Azt szeretndtek,ha rni is fblmor-rdaninkf 47. Inkdbb mosr itdlon marachdk. 48. Nern nrdja, mit tegyen. 49. Azt r-nondjik r6la, l-rogyelkoltozott. 50. Az a hir jdrja, hogy elv:iltdl. 51. Azt nondtdk neki, hogy ne mcnjen schovd. 52. Azt mondtiik nekem, hogv vdrjam rncg 6ket. 53. Hogv merdszelszfgy beszdlniaz ddesanydddalf 54. Att6l tartok, nern merek odamenni cgyediil. 55. Nem sziiksdgesegyediil odamenned. 56. Nem fogom hagyr-ri,hogy bdrki zaklassontdgcd. 57. Anvukiim r-rernengedi,hogy velerekmenjek. 58. En'nem hagyndmlh"gy igi viselkedjen. 59. I(dn1'szeritenifog, hogy hazudjak. 60. Megnevertetetr. 61. Ett6l il szagt6lrosszullettem.
153
G E R U N(D- i n g )
roruEvrEpzEs
I(EPZES: doing, working, being
PRESENI ACTIVE Jelenidejti, akt(v PERFECT ACTIVE Befejezett(mult idejri), akt(v PRESENI PASSTVE Jelenidej( passziv PERFEiI frnssrvg Befejezett(mrilt idejii), passziv
having done, having worked, having been , l being done i j having been done I
I
HASZNALAT
I
l. F6ndvkdpzdsre.Ebben az esetbenaz -ING v6gzfrd6sa magyar -ds, -ds kdpzfnek felel meg. Az I -ING vdgz1d&selellitott ige kiiliinbiiz6 mondatriszek szerepdttciltheti be a mondatban. Lehet a I mondat tixgya, alanyastb. I Iter hobbyis swirnrning Az iszdsahobbija. I Sittr.ngat horneis boring. Az otthoniildsunalmas. I it. RendingGennanis easiertbanspeaking Ndmetiil olvasnikonnyebb,mint beszdlni. I 2. Elciljrir6sz6k(prepozici6k) utdn.
I
I
Atthoughhewastired.hecarTied.on walhing. I IIe left without sayingn word.. I Whatnbowtgoingto thecinem.a? | of robbingn banh. He wasaccused. I I'rn fond'off'shing. I I'rngood'at leaming languages. I I'rn hohi'ngforryard.to seeingyou. I is onlyfor cuttingpd.per I Thispair ofscissors I'rn interested' in m'ountaineeri'ng, I I wmt n thethattreir$tcnd"fgtirry n thecinrma.I In spiteof learning hard.,hefniled.theexnrn. I Despitelearning hard.,hefailed the exnm. I 'bw skillsby reading I canimprweyour langwage Fejlesztheteda nyelvnrddsodat,ha sok konyvetolvasol. d'lot of boo,hs. I eszel. hw cnnlnseweightonlyby eatingless. Csakald
'ffiergetting wp,hegotd.resed. him. Baforeleailng,I pboned'
Miutrin felkelt, feloltozkodott. Miel6tt elindultam,telefondltamneki.
DE! Ha a tagmondatok alanyakiiLliinbiizik,akkor nem lehet,,gerund"-dal rcividiteni Miutrin felkelt, csin{ltam neki reggelit. Miel6tt elindultam,megadtaa telefonszdmdt.
1s4
hirn breahfast. After hegotup,I rnad.e BeforeI left, hegnvewe hisphonenurnber
t I
I I I I I I I
|
II I
Forrrrvrrpzrs 3. Bizonyos szdkapcsolatokban. A leggyakoribbak a k
nincs drtelme rnegiri nem iri meg semmi drtelme Van annakdrtelme,hogy... ) nincs drtelme kedvet 6rezvalamihez nem bir valamit megdllni,nem tehet r6la ki nem dllhatla bozzir vau szokvavalamihez hozziszoklk valamihez hozz6.van szokvavalamihez hozz:iszokikvalamihez jobban kedvelvalamit valarnindl Mit sz6lndl,ha...) r-rehdzsdgc tdmad valamiben valaminekaz ellenire valaminek az ellendre valirmi helyett id6pocsdkoldsvalarnit csin{lni pdnzkidobdsvalamit csindlni id6t tolt valamivel id6t pocsdkolvalamire el van foglalva valamivel futni / ttszni lvitorldzni I horgi,,szniI v,ftosndz6turdra / bev{sdrolli stb. rnegy
4. Vonzatos igdk utdn (a prepozici6 miatt). A leggyakrabban el6fordul6 vonzatos igik: a )I G E + I ' R L P O Z i C I O + - l N C We'll I Ihr 's She I clon't He We We I
succeed(sikenil) insist (rag:r.szkodik) thinking (gondolkozik) dreaming (dhnodik) approve (helyescl) disapproves (nem helyesel) decided (6gy dcint, hogy nern) feel (kedvetirez) look (alig vrirja,hogy)
in on of of of of
against like forward
finding. going leaving meeting playing hitchhiking. travelling going going
a flat drerc. this town. hirn. cards. there. to the cinema. on holiday
b)tGE + rAncy + PREPozicro+ -rxc She He I We'll We'll We I won't He He
congratulated (gratuldl) accused (megvddol) suspect (gyanirsit) prevent (megakad{lyoz) stop (megakaddlyoz) thanked (rnegkoszon) forgive (n-regbocsdt) warned (figyelmeztet) apologised (bocsdnatotkdr)
lne her !04 y0w !0u hitn
birn we to me
155
on of of from (from) for for against for
getting stealing breaking going going lending lying buying telling
the job. the money into my house. there. there. us money to me. that flat. me lies
GrRuruo A
Figletem!
Ha a b) csoportban taldlhat6 ig6ket szrnved6 szerkezetbe tessziik, akkor a tirgy kiesik, mivel az lesz a passziv mondat alanya. Shc was accusedof stealing the money I rvaswarned against buying that flat. You are suspected of breaking into my house.
F n
5. Bizonyos igdk utrln
a.
adore admit anticipate appreciate avoid confess consider delay deny detest dislike dread enjoy escape
imdd elismcr el6reldt irtdkel elkeriil bevall,beismer rnegfontol kisik, kdslekedik tagad megvet nem szeret fdl, retteg valamit6l 6lvez megfssza,megmenekiil, megszcikik
fancy finish give up hate imagine involve keep (on) be keen on
szeret,imdd, kedvet irez befelez felad utdl elkdpzel beledrt, mag{ba foglal foly161-t... kedvel. bir valamit
Elismerte, hogy kertili az iskoldt. Nem tudtam elkeriilni, hogy taldlkozzamvele. Thgadta,hogy 6 vitte el a bicildimet. Nincs az ellen kifogdsom, hogy odamenjiink. Gyakoroltuk a magyarr6l angolra forditdst. Folyton csak panaszkodott. Folyton megvdrakoztat. Gyakorolj tovdbb! )avasoltam,hogy maradjunk ott.
long for like love mention meanx mind
vdgyik valamire szeret szeret emlit jeler-rtvalamit biin valamit a
6l
postPone put off practise recall recommend remember*
lemarad valamir6l, kihagy elszalasztvalamit elhalaszt elhalaszt gyakorol fehd€z javasolvalamit emldkszik valamire
rePort resent resist risk stoP save suggest
bejelentvalamit neheztel,zokon vesz ellendll megkockdztat megakaddlyoz megment javasol
E
miss
He adnoittedpla'yingtrua.nt. I cowldn'tawid' meetin'ghirn. tahr.ngrny bicycle. He d.enied. I dnn't rnind going there. W practised.translnting sentences from Hwngarinn into English. He hept cornpla.ining. He alwaysheepsrue waiting. [Gep onprnctising. staying there. I suggested.
*Bizonyos igdkkel jelentdsiiLkt6l fiigg6en vagy,,gemnd"-ot, vagy ,,infinitive"-et haszndlunk. Ezek' kel az igdkkel a kiivetkez6 fejezet foglalkozik riszletesebben. n (D gougU hasznos tudnival6k a ..serund"-r6l: . Mult idej(,,gerund"-ot akkor haszndlhatunk, ha azt akarjuk kifejezni, hogy valami mdr kordbvan sz6. tehdt el6idejfsdgr6l ban befejez6dcitt, Elismerte,hogy hibdt kdvetett el. tgadta, hogy kordbban ott jdrt.
He ad.rninedhnutng rnad.ea rnistahe. IIe rlenied.h*rog beenthere earlier
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2 t
pze Forrrtvre s ' F{a a ,g€rund" kcizvedenti{ a prepozici6t va€iy az igdt kciveti, akkor a mondat alanydra vonatkozil<. Ragaszkodott bozzi, ho gv kifi zcsse a szdrnl.it. Nem szeretekelkdsni. Szerettemotthon maradni estdnkdnt.
He insisteclonpa.ytngthe bill. I d.on'tlileebeing late. I loyedstayingat homein the evenings
DE! Ha a mellikmondat 6s a f6mondat alanya ki.ilcinbcizik, de tovdbbra is ,,gerund"-ot szeretndnk haszn{lni, akkor a birtokos ndvmd.ssalvagy a szemdlyesndvmds tdrgyesetdvel jelcilhetjiik a melldkmondat alanyrit rigy, hogy azt kozvetleniil a ,gerrnd" eld tessziik. Ragaszkodotthozz'i, hogy dn fizessemki a sz.imldt. Nem szereti,ha elkdsunk. Szerettern,ha a gverekeimotthon maradtakestdnkdnt.
He insisted0n rue/rny paying the bill. He rl.oesn't lihe wsfour beinglate. I love.dm.ycltild.renstayingnt bomein the eventnfrs.
' Szenved6 szrrkezet'i rrg€rund"-ot akkor haszndlunk, ha a szenved6 szerkezet alanya ds a bevezet6 illitmriny alanya megegyezik. GverekkorombanelvimekAmerikdba. Ernldkszemarra, hogy gyerekkoromban elvittekA.rnerikdba. A magdndletdr6lkdrdeztdk. Nem szereti,l'raa magdndlettr6lkdrdezik.
I wastahento Americn as a chibl. I rerneruberbeing tahen to Anterica nsa child. Sbewasashednbout berpritate life. Shed.oevt'tlihe being aslced. aboutherprfuntelife.
_ FEADATOK EXERCISES l Put a suitable verb into the gaps. Use -ing. Egeszitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odailto igevell Haszn1ljon,, geru nd " -ot ! l. she confessedstealingthe money that disappearedfrom the safelast week. 2. As shedoesn'thavetime to traveloverseas thismondt,shepostpol-led .... ............to America until next month. 3. Her twenty-yearold washing machinehas brokendown again.He considers.... a new olte. 4. /ill haswon a lot of money but shecan'tstop gambling.Sherisks ..... what shehas won so far. 5. I haveneverseenhim doing any sportsso I can't imaginehim .. ....... a horseeither'. 6. If you find translation difficult, practise ....siniple senrencesfirsr. 7. I have only five pagesleft. I'll soon finish .. ... this book. 8. I haven'tsmokeda cigarettefor a week.I've given up .... 9. We agreedto meet at 5.00. Now it's 5.15. Sheis alwayslate and keepsme 10. The sun was shiningso I suggested.... to the beach. 2Completethe sentenceswith one of theseverbs.Eg|szftseki a mondatokat a megadott igekket! admit
dread
deiay
mind
put off
remember
escape recommend resent involve mean
I. British Airways delayed srarringthe flight due ro bad wearherconditions. 2.I ... meeting the Queen as a child. Shc r,vasa very beautiful lady 3. His lawyer was very good. It's no wonder drat he could . going to prisor-r. 4. My son ... .. ... havingto washup the dishes.He thinks it's a girl'sjob. 5. Unfortur-ratelyinvestillg more money doesn't . gening more profit in thc shom tenn. 6. I've .... posting the parcelunril romorrow.
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GEnuruo ..' openingthe windowl 7. It's very hot in herc. Would you ... ...... goiug thcrc alonc. ...... I cler-rtistf rvith me ro the \\/iLl co,-,-r" B. \,.r., rloney more spending clr Maint:riniug:r 9. ..... cl-reitingeven if I hird foturclhis chc:rtshcetitr the cicsk. 10. He clicln't*,.,-rt to ...... walking alonein drat part of dre city It's vcry c1:rngcrous. l l. I rvouldl'r .... 3 Complete the sentences for each situation using -ing. Egeszftseki a mondatokat a szitudcionak megfeleloen! Haszniilia az ,,ing"-es alakot! I. A: Wbulcll,ou lilceto come with rnc to the cinemaf B: I'd radrer stay at homc. Shedoesn'tlaucy going to thednemo. 2. A: I knorv that you stole my watch. I3: No, I didn't. Sheder-ried 3. A: You'vetold rnc lics again. B: I1n sorry He adrnitted 4. A: WhV don't you take a few da1'sofft B: I'll d'rinkabout it. Hc considers............... 5. A: Do -r.sutnind me using drc pholel B: No, pleasedo. He doesn'tmild her 6. A: Did vou rvatch the rnatch lait nigl-rtl B: Gosh. I forgot to switch on the TVI Shcrnisscd... you likc in vour coffeeI B: I don't take sugarany lnorc. Thank 1'ou. 7. A: How much sugerrvor-rlcl S h cg r r v cu p . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. A: I hrrvc6ccn rvaiting for you for 20 minutes.B: I'm sorry,dre traffic is bad today S h ck c o tl - r i m. . . . . . . . . . . 9. A: Shlil wc rncettodayf IJ: Let's meettomorrow instead.Shepostponcd............ 10. A : \4buld vou lilie some sweetslB: No sweets,drtrnkyou. I'm on a diet. She resistcd ............... ll. A: I-et'st'akcthc dog for a walk. B: Oi(. FIe suggested 12. A: Stop plaf ilg rottlette or you will loseeyerything.B: Don't worry Hc risked 4 Complete the senfences so that they mean the sameas fhe first sentence.IJse-ing. Egeszitseki a mondatokat ugy, hogy a jelentdsne v1ltozzon a megadott mondathoz kepest! Haszndliaaz ,,ing"-es alakot! fromI0 o.m.to3p.m. I. It's harmftii to lie in thc stur from 10 a.m. to 3 p.-. We should avoidlyingin thesun 2. Gina saidshewaswrong. Gina aclnitted.............. 3. I can tell yon that I arn over forty I don't deny.......... 4. Plcasccl
5 Hereare someactivities.Write down which onesyou likedoing, dislikedoing, hate doing or don't mind doing. IJse-ing. irja le az al1bbi tev6kenysegekkoz}l melyiket szereti,nem szereti, utAljavagymelyik ellen nincsenkifog1sa! sweep the floor watch soap operas rvork in the garden clean the windows
water the flowers go to the cinema lie in the sun travel
iron learn languages hoover the carpets translate sentences
I like /yingin thesun.
I dislike rrontng.
upthedishes. I harewosllng theflowen. I don't mind walering
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wash up the dishes work listen to the news practise grammar
watch TV sPeak cook drive
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For.rcvrrpzts 6 Complete the sentenceswith the help of the phrasesgiven. Use -ing. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a megadott kifejezesek segftsegevel! cantt bear
cantt stop
cantt help
cantt stand
J..I'll ilrva-vslovc vou. I un'l sloploving you. 2. I hare it if I har,cro lr,ork at night. 3. \\/hcnevcrI seca sadfihn. I alwavscr\{ ............ 4. I'm sorryMadam, but l,our story is so funny that L........ 5. I nel'er u,atchviolenceon TV bccauseI hate it. 6. Sheis alwaysaskingmc stupid questions.She............ 7 Complete the sentencesso that they mean the sameas the first sentence. Egeszitseki a mondatokat ugy, hogy ugyanazt jelents6k, mint a megadott mondat! l. I can easilvlcirrn l:rngu'a.ges. I1n good at leorninglonguages. 2. It's difficult for hirn to do crosswords.Hc is bad at 3. I think th;lt cooldngis betterdran washingup. I prefer ... to.......... 4. He can hardlyvvaitto go olt holiday:He is looking forward to .............. 5. They live together but they haven'tgot narried. They live togetherwithout 6. We didn't rvatchTV at home. We went to the cinemainstead. I n s t e a od f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Suewent to schoolalthoughshefelt ill. In spiteof .............. B. )ack alrvarvs watchesnature films on TV jack is interestedin ............... 9. As i I'radlost rny key I climbed in through dre window That was the only way I could get in. I could gct into the houseonly bv 10. Shedidn't intend to takeon more employees. Shehad no intentionof .............. 8 Complete the sentencesusing by -ing. Use one of the following verbs (putting them into the correct form). Egdszitse ki a mondatokat, a ,,by + -ing" szerkezet felhaszn1lSs{val! Haszn1lja a megadott igdket, ds tegye 6ket a megfelel6 alakba! take a taxi steal the kevs
@moveabroad
use a magniSing glass
visit his family
put somephotos in
I. I could bu1'd-reflat only by horrowingsome money. 2. Sl'recouldescape L'ry.......... 3. Tom could get to tire meeting on time only by 4. Wc could understanddre casebetter by.,............ 5. Shecouldget rid of her husbandby ............. 6. The letters were so small that I could read them only by 7. You can make drc book more colourful by ',9Put a suitable verb into the gap. Use -ing. Egdszitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaillS ig6vel! Hasznllja az ,,-ing"-es alakot!
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1. He left the restaurantwidrout poyingthebill. 2. We have'uvonderfulweathertoday What about . to the beachf 3. Do yon feel like ... a game of tenniswith mef 4. I'm looking fbrrvardto . .... .... you soolt. 5. Aftcr ....... lunch she washedup the dishes. 6. We h:rclto write the tcst-paperwithout .....:.. a clictionary 7. Before ....... downstairsshe closedthe windows. 8. After his medicine, he went back to sleep. 9. I'm lookingforwardto .. ... .......from you soon.
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G en u n o in the seal 10. It is very hot today How about ........ overtime.Mainly becauseI neverget paid for it. 11. I am fed up with .. ...... the samejob for so many yearsf 12. Aren't you bored with . .... me for it. without uses my bicycle 13. She always 10 Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use be/get used to. Olvassael a szitudciokat 6s eg1szftseki a mondatokat a ,,belget used to" kifeiez6ssel!
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I. Kate is English. She came to Hungary and she found the dishestoo spicy and fatry to eoting fatry dishes, but she soon got used to it. Now used When she arrived in Hungary, she wosn't eotingspicy dishes. she quite likes it. She rsusedto 2. Giorgio is Italian. He travelled to japan where he stayedwith a family As there were no beds,he had to sleepon the floor. It was strangefor him at first and in the beginning he often had a pair-rin ... on the floor but he soon l-risback. When he went to ]apan he .... ...... it. Now he doesn'tmisshis comfortablebed. He on the floor. 3. Jasonis an actor. A few months ago l'restarted to work as a TV Presenterin an early morning news programme. At first he found it very hard to get up at 4 a.m. When he started to work for ......earlybut he had to the TV companyhe..... to work early it. Now he finds it quite normal. He ... any sports before. At first he was done he hadn't llowever last year. up running 4. Matthew took .. . Fortunatelyhe didn't give it up and he alwaysout of breath. He .. ... it. Now he can cover long distanceswithout getting tired. He has soon . already
11 What do you say in these situations? Use I'm (not) used to. Mit mondana a kovetkez6 szitudci' okban? Haszn6ljaaz ,,1'm (not) used to" szerkezetet! I. You don't sleepmuch during the night and it is a big problem for you. solittle. lo sleeping A: Aren'r you rired during the dayf B: Yes,I am. / on notused 2. You never eat dinner. You don't like eating in the evening. nothing beforegoing to bed. A: Aren't you hungryl B: No,I'm not. L..... 3. You always get up early but you hate it. A: Are you an earlyriserlB: Yes,I am, but I ...............' 4. You usually go to bed at a late hour and you don't mind this. A: Aren't you sleepyin the morningf B: No, I'm not. Actually I'm .....'... 5. You always get home from work at seveno'clock in the evening. It's quite normal for you. '.......... hard. A: Aren't you fed up with your workf B: No,I'm not. ActuallyI ...."
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12 Complete the senfences. Use the correct tense and have to I be able to + get used to. Eg6szitseki a mondatokat, es hasznalja a megfelel6 igeid6ben a ,,have to / be able to" + ,,get used to" szerkezetet! nights. toworking to gelused I . I've never worked at night. At my new placeof work l'll have ............rt. I 2. Getting up earlyis not my cup of tea.I don't think ".. ...' lt' 3. I've had to get up earlyfor a year now but I still .......... ....'..'rt' soon I but fortunately my own I living on 4. First hated it yet) ..'.'..........'.. 5. How aboutcommutingto workf it. ........'......'..' 6. We'vejust moved to the country but it's so boring. I don't know when noise . the for so ..... capital years 7. We have been living in the and the crowds. .........'it. so .............. 8. I hate travellingby plane.However I haveno other alternatives
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ForuEvrEpzEs 13 Complete the sentence with gerund or bare infinitive. Egeszitseki a mondatokat ,,ing"-es alakkal vagy ,,to" nelktili f6n,6vi igendwel! l. When Paul came to Hungary he had to get used to drivingon the right. 2. When shestartedto work for the radio shewasn't usedto .. eady 3. We usedto ..... .. to work on foot. becausewe didn't havea car then. 4. I'vc got usedto ..... ....... in the country Life is more peacefulthere. 5. )ill usedto ..... ...... rwo packsof cigarettesa day but shegaveit up. 6. Wren we were childrenwe usedto ..... .... in the river nearour village. 7. Have you got used to alonein that big housel B. First it was very difficult to sharemy flat with someone. I was not used ro ..... together widr anyone. 9. I don't mind working in the evenings.I'm usedto ... .. ... home late. 14 Complete B's sentences with a suitable verb. Use gerund. Egeszitse ki B mondatait egy-egy odaill6 igeve[ haszn6lja az ,,ing"-es alakot! l. A: Shall we go home before the lecturel B: It's no usegomghome. We can spendonly five minutes at home. 2. A: I don't want to eat anything. I'm not hungry B: Well you don't haveto. It's no good if you aren't hungry 3. A: Let's go to the cinema tonight! B: I don't think it's a good idea. Tonight's film is not worth
+ a' ir'i,,r.r,, i, "ri"-"" il'":Xtl.'ll', i,ir,'',worth
....... I
5. A: I don't think we can hear anything interestingin today'smeeting. B: There is no point ir-r 6. A: That flat is very cheap.This is a real bargain.B: You think it's worth ... dren. 7. A: Why don't you try to convincehim. B: It's no use .........) he is very stubbom. 8. A: How far is the restaurantlB: It's very close.Thereis no point in ..... .. by car. 15 Read the sentencesand draw the conclusion. Use be worth -ing or be not worth -ing and a suitable word. Olvassa el a mondatokat, 6s vonja Ie a kovetkeztetdst! HasznAlja a ,,be worth ing" , vagy a ,,be not worth -ing" kifejezdseket 6s egy-egy odaill1 iget! 1. If I were you I wouldn't buy that flat. The neighbours are horrible . lt isn'tworth huying. 2. This is a very interestingbook.......... 3. Your parents would only be upset if you told them. 4. This soup is very delicious,why don't you tasteitf 5. I don't think we should keep theseshoes.We don't wear rhem. 6. We shouldthink about her proposal.Shealwayshasgood ideas.......... 7. The cinema is quite a long way from here. Why don't we take a taxil 16Make sentenceswith there is no point in.... irjon mondatokat a ,,there is no point in..." kifejezdssel! I. Wlry shoud we go if we don't want tol There isno poinl ingoingif wedon'twontlo. 2. Why askanybody,if you know everything. ........ 3. Why take a bus if it is very closef........ 4. Don't drinl
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Grnuruo 1l Make sentenceswith it's no use-ing or it's no good -ing. irion mondatokataz,,it's no use -ing" vagyaz ,,it's no good -ing" kifeiezesekkel! shout
crY
watch
repair
tell learn
try
worry
I. He is not the man you need. lf'snouseuyingafter he has left you. 2. We'veseenthat p1ay........... 3. Sheis still young................ 4 . T h a t c a ri s u s e l e s s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. He wcln'tunderstirndit. '...'......... 6 . T h a t w o r d i s n o t u s e da t a l l .. . . . . . . . . 7. Every'thingwill bc all right. B. Sheisn't d"eaf.
"""' lt agalll' it. hcr abor-rt to explainit to hirn' . . . . . . . . . . " " " " " " l' t ' ..... irbout it. """"""' at her'
-ing" felhasznl' 18 Write sentences using have difficutty -ing. irjon mondatokat a ,,have difficulty l6s6val! mywoy. 1. I rnanagedto find mv way rvithout diflicultyr Ihodnodiffiultyfinding 2. Do you find it difficult to translatethesesentences)Do you have 3. I think it will be very difficult to coPewith this problem. We'll have.. 4. I can't understandhim becausehe speaksso fast. 5. It wasdifficultto find a flat.......... 6. Did y'oufind it difficult to do dris jobl Did you .......'...' 19 Completethe sentences with a suitableword. Egeszitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaill6 szoval! colnputer games. l. Dorr't wasteyollr rime playing qualitv ......'. it. a It's wasteof moncv 2. Tl-ratshirt is bad h o u s e w ork' t h e . . . . . . : . . . 3 . I s p e n da l o t o f t i m e . . : . . . . . Englishl 4. How many hours do you spend . ' ... nodring. 5. Unfortunate\, I alwayswasle too much time on our new Prolect. ...... 6. What areyou doing thesedaysfI'm busy '''''" for your Presentation) 7' Areyou busl' 2O Completethe sentenceswith one of the verbs. Egeszitseki a mondatokat a megadott kifeiezesekkel!
go jogging
go skiing
go fishing
go riding
go shopping
even if I stay by the sea. ). As I'm afraid of sharksI never goswinning ...... Iastwinter toof Wheredid you go? 2. Did you .. 3. In the village there was a big stable.When I was a child I often .. . .. . There is a fishing lake near our house. 4. If I want to relax I ... . There is no food at home. 5. Where are you goingl I am . . ' everyday 6. I want to lose wiighi, so I decidedto .. . , .. 2'l Complete the sentences with a suitable word. lJse-ing. Eg6szitseki a mondatokat egy-egy odaill6 szoval! Haszndlia az ,,-ing"-es alakot! solve
travel
hear
have
go
bty
aPPly accomgafiy
her home after the movie. This town is very dangerous. I. I insisted on lccomplnying . for that job. 2. You should think of bus. The car is more comfortable. .... by 3. We decided against to dle disco. 4. My parentsdon't approve of me a flat. .. 5. I've never dreamt of .. ...... that problemyetl in . 6. Have you succeeded ..... from him. 7. I look forwardto ..... ... a cuPof teaf B. Do you feellike ...
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F6rurvrrpzes 22 Use the correct preposition and a suitable word. Use -ing. Haszn1lja a megfelel6 prepoziciot 6s egy odaill6 sz6t! Haszndlja az ,,-ing"-es alakot! tell
steaf
make
find
go
move
wear
deceive
pay
be
bry
have
t. Jackwas accusedof stealing the money 2. I congranrlatcdSue a lovell, baby boy 3. I can't stop hirn ..... a wrong clecision. 4. I warned irinr .. that flat. It was roo e-xpensive. 5. I will neverforgive him .. .... so rude ro me. 6. I didn't suspecthim .. me lies. 7 . S h ea p o l o g i s e d . . . . . . . l a m e s ....him. B. Torn insisted .... the bill. 9. Tl-rechildren look forward . to rhe sea. 10. Thcy still haven'tsuccccded ........ a job. ll. Have you thought ...... ...... to a biggercityf 12. The teachersdidn't approve.. . .. ... young girls .. .. high-heeledshoes. 23 What are the missing verbs? The prepositions will help you to guess. Mik a hi;5nyzoig6k? A prepoziciok segftenek kita16lni. l. FIrsfamily couldn't prevenlhim from mnning awayalthougl-rthey clid everythingto keephim at home. 2. Evcrybody ... .. ...... him on beingpr<,rmoted. 3. Wc . .. to meering our new colleague. 4. The studcnlswere most gratef,rl.Thev . ...... the teacherfor preparingd-rernfbr dre exu-n. 5. I ... ... you againstgoing out with hirn but you neverlistcnto me. 6. Do you .. like going to the cinematonightf There is a good fihn on. 7."Have you ever ...... of travellingaroundthe world." "Well, yes.This is my dream too."
t t':::::"::::t::"ii,ll;:ilu*:
schoorActua'vthevdon't so roavocarionar
24 Readthe situationsthen completethe sentences on fhe right. Olvassael a szitudciokat,6s eg6szitseki a mondatokat! l. A: I want you to go home right now, I insist.B: OK. I insist onyou/ yourgoinghome rightnow. 2. A: Sue,you shouldn't drink spirits, you aren't 18. B: I'll be 18 next week. He didn't approve 3. A: Sheila,I have passedmy driving test. B: Congratulations! Sheilacongratulated ............. 4. A: I'm sorrl,I didn't write to you earlier.B: Never mind! Sheapologised............ 5. A: Don't sit on the bench.It hasjust beenpainted.B: Oh, thank you for telling me. H e w a r n e dh e r . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. A: Why did you lock me into this room) B; Now you can'r escape. Shepreventedhim 7. A: It vrrasvev kind of you to take me home, Geoff. B: Don't mention it. j a n et h a n k e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Use doing or having done. Sometimesboth are possible.Haszn6ljaa ,,gerund"-ot vagy a ,,perfect gerund"-ot! Valahol mindkett6 lehetseges. 1. Why did 1,ou deny hovingbroken (break) the windowf Everybody knows you did it. 2. It's not worth ..... (tdk) to him about it. FIe won'r understandit. 3. Tbm rvasaccu.sed of ..... ... (take) the money from the safe.
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Genuruo 4. Now I regret 5. I don't fancy . 6. Shekeeps. 7. Jackadmined
...... (r"y) what I said.I didn't mean to hurt you. ..... (g") home by bus. ..... (phone)our office. (tell) me lies.
26 Make senfences with passivegerund (being done). Follow the examples.irion mondatokat a passziv,,gerund"-dal a pelda alapi6n!
lllolf. called likebeing doesn't 1 .Shedoesn'tlike it if sheis calledMolly She 2 . Shewaspromotedandshewasqratefulfor that. 3 . Sl'reis exploitedand shecan'tget usedto it............ / I am alwaysaskedabout my husbandand I dislikeit. .............. 't. Tim was rescuedfrom the river.FIe will thank them for it. .............. 6 . Mary was left alone in the dark and she was very unhappy about it. f
7. After I was disrnissed,I decidednot to help them. 8. She went there althouqh she was not invited. She went there without 27 Translatethe sentences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. Bdr rndr senki sem figyelt r{, 6 tovdbbmesdltkozel-keletidhndnyeir6l. 2. Elkoszont t6liik andlkiil, hogy felnezettvolna az iisigboL' ahhoz. ha elmenndnksdtdlnil 3. Mit sz6h-rdl 4. A felesdgemnagyon szeretenni. 5. Alig vdrja, hogy viszonddssaa bardtait. 6. A gyerekekmdr alig vdrjdk, hogy nyaralni menjenek. 7. Ahelyett, hogy a ldnyegrekoncentri.lt volna, melldkesdolgokr6l kezdett beszilnr. 8. Annak ellendre,hogy nagyon szigoli tandq a gyerekekrajonganak drte. 9. Sokat rudok John magdn6letdr6lannak ellendre,hogy mdr rdg6ta nem beszdltemvele. 10. Charlie csak aldcortudja megoldani a feladatot, ha segftsdgetkdr. I I. Azutdn, hogy elhalasztottaaz lrtekezletet,jegyet foglalt a mexik6i j'iratra. 12. Miel6tt elkoszont,mindenkinekadott valami kis ajdnddkot. I3. Nem 6rdemesaz id6nket fecsdrelnird. 14. Meg6ri megvenni ezt a telket. Ez egyj6 befektetdslenne. 15. Nem 6ri meg megndzniezt az el6addst.Azt mondjdk, hogy csapnival6. 16. Semrnidrtelmeezenvitatkozni. . 17. Nincs drtelmemegkdrdezni6t. O sem fog tudni semrnit. 18. Gyonyoni id6nk van. Nem lenne kedvetekkirdndulni az erdSbenl 19. Akdrhdnyszor megldtom 6t, nem birom megdllni nevetdsn6lktil. 20. Sohasembirja megdllni sfrds ndlkiil, ha €hez6 gyermekeket ldt a tdvdben. 21. Ki nem dllhatom. ha tudomdst sem vesznekr6larn. 22. Szerencsdremdr hozzi' van szokva a til6tizirshoz. 23. M$nern szokotthozz{.,hogy fi5noknektekintsdk. 24. Nem vagyok hozzdszokva,hogy (gy bdnjanakvelem. 25. )obbm szeretegyediil lakni, mint valakivelmegosztania lalcisdt. 26. Neh6zsdgetokoz neki, hogy megdrtessemagdt. 27. Szimomra neh6zs6getjelent rij embereld<elmegismerkedni. 2 B. Id6pocsdkoldsezzel az iiggyel foglalkozni. 29. Plnzkidobds lenne megvenni ezt az ^fi6t. Tizenot dvesds t:rzliter benzint fogyasztsziz kilomdteren. 30. A.rnig GYES-en voltam, sok id6t toltottem olvasdssal. 3I. Ha szabadsdgonvagyok, sok id6t elpocsdkoloksemmittevissel. mint a futds, igy hetente kdtszerriszni jdrok. 32. Szerintem ai isz6,segdszsdgesebb 33. Sikeriilt a bizottsdgnak dontist hoznia tegnaPa fizetdsemelisiigydbenl 34. Azigazgat6 ragaszkodik ahhoz, hogy az iskola benevezzenaversenyre. 35. Ragaszkodunkahhoz, hogy ldssuka tfszokat, miel6tt a vdltsrigdijatkifizetjiik.
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ForuEvrEpzrs 36. Azon gondolkodom mostandban, hogy veszekegy jachtot a felesdgemsziiletisnapjdra. 37. A sztileid nem fogjdk helyeselni, hogy Tommal mdsz nyaralni. 38. lack irrr6l dhnodik, hogy el6l6ptetik. 39. Az igazgat6testiilet nem hagyja j6vd, hogy bezirjirk a brightoni iizemegysdget. 40. Szerintema tantesrliletnem fogaz augusztusiiskolakezdismellett donteni. 41. Tirn gratuldlt, l-rogymegkaptam ^z 6sztondijat. 42. Ki vidolta meg Tomot azz'al.,hogybetort az adattitrbal 43. Gyanitom, hogv Pdter jirt az iroddmban az enged|lyem ndlkiil. 44. Nern akaddlyozhatszmeg abban, hogy elmondjam a bir6sdgon azigazat. 45. I(dptelenek voltunk megakaddlyozniabban,hogy feljelentsenbenneteket. 46. lol-rn tegnap megkciszonteI(l:irdnak, hogy adott neki kolcson hiszezer dolldrt. 47. Sohasemfogja megbocsdtanineked,hogy megcsaltad. 48. En figyelmeztettem Jtilidt, hogy ne menjen hozzi ahhoz a szilhdmoshoz. 49. Michael nem fog bocsdnatotkdrni t6led, amiirt nem hivott meg az eskiiv6jire. 50. A betor6 elismerte,hogy okt6ber l2-(n 6lopta el Browndk Ferr:irijdt. 5I. frtdkelnim, ha nem kell-eneriszt vennemebbena vdllalkozdsban. 52. Minden t6le telhet6t el fog kovetni, hogy elkertilje a veled va16taldlkozdst. 53. Mdg fontol6ra veszern,hogy megveg-yem-eezt az att6t. 54. tgadt:ik, hogy meghamisitottitk az adatokat. 55. Amikor Jrilia kisldny volt, irt6zott att6l, l-rafogorvoshoz kellen mennie. 56. Szerencsdrea nagybdcsik{m megfiszta, hogy bortonbe zi'rjik. 57. Nincs kedvemkorcsolydzni. 58. Azt hiszem,abbahagyoma dohdnyzdst. 59. Nern hagyhatom otdron a ldnyomat ds a fiamat. Folyton veszekednek. 60. Nem is emlitette, hogy megkaptaaz {[dst. 61. A szervez6kelfogji,k halasztania kidllit'is megnyitrisiit. 62. Nern kockdztadratja meg, hogy a felesdgenevetsdgrirgy'itvi vdljdk. 63. Nern tudom elkdpzelni,hogy 6t elbocsdtjrik. 64. Nem szeretem)ha a gyerekeketa csalddr6lkirdezgetik. 65. Javaslom,hogy vegyiink ki ndhdny nap szabadsdgot. 66. Apdd ds 6n nem tartjuk helyinval6nak, hogy brinciz6ldcellaksz egy lakdsban. 67. Ha folyton mosolyogsz, a kolligdid kedvelni fognak. 68. Elszalasztottaffr,hogy szemdlyesentalilkozzam a miniszterelnold<el,amikor a gydrunkat ldtogatta. 69. Nem tudtam ellen{llni annak, hogy rnegvegyemezt a gyonyorri estilyi ruh{t. 70. Bevallotta, hogy lefizettik ndhriny bizalmasinformrici6drt.
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(-ing)versus GERUND o) I N F I N I T I (Vt E Bizonyos igdk utdn jelentdsi.iLkt6lfiigg6en vagy,rgerund"-ot, vagy,,infinitive"-et
STOP TO DO = ledll/megdll, hogy csindljon valamit
f . STOP DOING = abbahagy valamit Abbahagytaa beszdlgetdst. talhing. He stopped.
Megdllt, hogy beszdljenvele. d to talk to hirn. He stoppe MEAN TO DO = akar, sz{nddkozik valamit csindlni
2. MEAN DOING = jelent valamit Ez aztjelenti,hogy mdsik vdrosbakoltoziink. It rneansrnwing to anothertown. 3. REMEMBER DOING = emlikszik valamire, emlikszik arra, hogy kordbban valamit csindlt Emldkszem,amikor 5 6vesvoltam, talilkoztam a kirdlyn6vel. I rernemberrneetingtbeQneen whenI was5. Nem emldkszem,hogy kikapcsoltam-eTV-t. I don't renrernberswitching offthe TV
4 . FORGET DOING = elfelejti, hogy valamit m{r kordbban megtett
5.
haszndlunk.
Nem akartalakmegbdntani. I rlid.n'tnlea,nto hwrt you. REMEMBER TO DO = nem felejt el megcsinrilni valamit, emldkszik arra, hogy meg kell csindlnia valamit
Ne felejtsel kimenni eli az dllomdsra! t0 Tneether at the station. Remem.ber Nem felejtettedel kikapcsolnia TV-t? Did you rernemberto switch offthe W? FORGET TO DO = elfelejti, hogy valamit meg kell tennie
Tdnl'leg elfelejtetted, hogy taldlkoztdl mdr vele? Dirl you reo@forget n+eetinghirn?
Elfelejtettemkimenni eli az {llomdsra. I forgot t0 rneethim.at tbe stntion.
REGRET DOING = bdnja, hogy kordbban valamit megtett
REGRET TO DO = sajndlja, hogy valamit meg kell tennie (f6leg a rrto say''r ,rto inform", ,rto tell" igikkel)
Sajndlorn/bdnorn,hogy elrnentema fogaddsra. I rcgretgoing to the receptiort.
Sajn{lattalkozoljiik Onnel, de nem fogadtiik cl a pilydzat'it. W regret to inforznyou that yowr application has beenrefwsed. Sajndlom,hogy ezt kell mondjam. I regret to (to hnve to) say this.
Sajndlom, hogy aztmondtam, amit mondtam. I regret snying what I said..
fdl, retteg valamit6l
DREAD TO DO = irt6zik valamit6l (f6leg a ,,to think" igdvel)
Rettegekatt6l, ha fogorvoshozkell mennem. I dreadgoing to the dentist.
Mdg gondolni sem merek arra, mi tortdnhetett volla I d.read.to thinh what might hattehappened'.
6 . DREAD DOING
=
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L
vERsus lrurrNrvr Genuruo 7. BE SORRYFOR DOING = bocsdnatotkir valamidrt, amit kordbban
BE SORRYTO DO = a) eln{zist kdr valamidrt
elkcivetett Sajn'ilom, hogy tegnap olyan goromba voltam. I'm sonyfor being sorud.eyesterd.ay.
Elndzist, hogy zavarom,dc beszdlnemkell6nnel. I'ru sony to troubleyow,but I need.to talh t0yzu. b) sajniiattal hall, mond, kdzril, Lit valamit @gynttdr zts kifej ezi sdre) Sajndlattalhallottam, hogy a fiadat nem vettdk fel az egyetemre. I wasson),to hear that yowr sonbadn't beenad.vnitted to uttiuersity.
Kipr6b:iltam, milyen 250 km/h sebessdggel menni. Filelmetes volt. I nied d.riving at n speed. of 250 hph. It was nnif,t"g.
TRY TO DO = megpr6bdl megcsinrilni valamit (er6feszitdst tesz) de az Pr6bdltamelirni a 250 km/h sebessdget, aut6 nem nrdott tobbel menni, mint 220 km/h. I tried.to reach250 hph, bwt the car could.n't rwn faster than 220 hph.
Pr6bdltam a piros gombbal is elinditani a gdpet, de dgy sem mfkcidott. I nierl pwshing the red.button to stnr-ttlte rnnchine, bwt it didn't work thnt way either
Pr6bdltam lenyomni a piros gombot, de nem tudtam, mert beragadt. I tried.to pwshthe red.bwtton but I couldn't becawse itgot stwch.
8. TRY DOING = kipr6bril valamit kisdrletkdppen
9. GO ON DOING = folytatja vryanazq amit kordbban is csindlt
GOONTODO= valami mds dologra t6r it, mint amit elkezdett
Felrrdzenegy pillanatr\ aztin folytatta a levdlirdst. El6szbr a mezbgazA*srigr6lbeszelgmajd rdtirt'az ipara. He loohedwpfor a nwnent then went on First he tnlhed.about agricwlture,then he went 0n writing the letter to talh abowtind.wsny. I0. NEED DOING / WANT DOING = need to be done / want to be done = valamit meg kell csindlni, rdfer
Ki kell takaritanom a lakdst. / Ki akarom takaritania lakdst. I needto cleantheflnt f I want to clenntlteJlat.
A lakdsrarifir a takaritds. Theflat need.s cleaning. Thcfat wantscleaning. II. BE INTERESTED IN DOING drdekl6dni valami irrint
frclekel az olvasd.s. I'm interested.in reading.
NEED TO DO / WANT TO DO = valakinek meg kell csiniilnia valamit, valaki csindlni akar valamit
=
BE INTERESTED TO DO = irdekl6dve hallgatni/ntzni/olvasni stb. I was interested to hear/see/read/know/learn frdekl6dve I'rallgattarn,hogy rni tcirtdnt. I wasinterestedto hear what had.happened..
12. SEB/HEARJSMELL/FEEL SY DOING = SEE/HEAR/SMELL/FBEL SY DO = l|galhalljal6rzi, hogy valaki dpp csin{l valamit litjalhalljal (.rzi, hogy valaki megcsinil valamit (A cselekv6t a cselekvis kozben kitja/hallja stb.) (Litjalhallja, hogy a cselekv6 vigigcsindlja a cselekvist.) Andrds betorte az ablakot is dn ldttam ezt. LdttarnA,ndrdst.npp ^"aut6jdt mosta. Ldttam Andrdst, amikor betorte az ablakot. Ldttam Andrdst, mikozben ^z Nt6j t mosta. I snp Andrew. He wns wnshing his car Andrnv brohetbe wind.owand.I saw it. I sawAnd.rsw washing his cnr I sow Andrew breah the window.
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lNrtrutttve GenuruovERSUS
$
Figyelemt
A bevezet6 f6mondat igeidejdt6l fi.iggetleniil vary ^z -ING-es alakot, vary aTO fr6knli, tgynevezett val6jriban nem ,,gerund", ,,bare infinitive',-et teii haszndtfi.-Az angol nyelvtanban ez ^ szerkezet miatt, most itt tdrgyaljuk' iisszevetdse ii"rr.- .participle", de a kdtfdle haszndlat G,-it g'kontra rrto") Figyelje meg a kovetkez6 mondatokat!
$
Ldttam, amikor m'iszott dt a keritdsen. I sawhirn clirnbingwer thefence.
Ldttam, hogy dtmdszott a kerftdsen' I sawhim clirnb wer thefence.
Hallottam, hogy zongor{zik. I heardhim playing theltiano.
Hallottam, hogy bejott valaki a hi^zba. comeinto the house. I heardsomebod.y
Hallgattam, ahogy a madarak dnekelnek. I listened.to the bird'ssingtng.
Figyeltiik a rabl6kat, al-rogyiitfutottak a kerten 6s bemdsztakaz ablakon. Wewatched,the robbersrun a.wlssthegard.en and.ckmb in tbrougb the wind'ow.
Ereztem, l-rogyvalami dg. I could.swell sornethingbuming.
E et"m,hogy valaki megirintette a vdllamat. touch rne on rny should'er I could.feel sornebod'y
A fi6t ldttdk a hidon sdtdlgatni. The boywnsseenwalhing on the bridge.
A firit lnittdk,amikor leugrott a hidr6l. The boywnsseento jump offthe brid.ge.
Figyetcrnt
passziv alakja mdr tartalmaaL^ a rrto"-t; ,,be heard / seen to do A 'hear / see sy do sth" sz,etkez,et sth"
$
Figyeternt
Bizonyos igdk utdn, jelent6st6l fiiggetleniiLl haszndlhatjuk mind az rr-ittg"-es alakot, mind Pedig a f6ndvi igenevet. =
BEGIN DOING kezd
BEGIN TO DO
14 ivesen kezdett dolgozni. He beganto worh at the ageof 14.
He beganworhing at the age of 14. STARI DOING kezd
=
START TO DO
Szaladnikezdtek. Theystnrted twnning.
Theystarted.to nt'n.
INTEND DOING szindikozik
INTEND
TO DO
Nem dll sz{nddkombanelmenni. I dnn't intend to leave.
I dnn't intend.leavlng. CONTINUE folyat
CONTINUE
DOING
TO DO
Folytatta a nevek felolvasdsdt. He continued.to read' out the narnel
He continued.read.ing out tbe na.lnes.
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GrnuruovERSUs lrurnrtve =
BOTHER DOING tcir6dik valamivel
BOTHER TO DO
Nem tor6dik azzal,hogy felhivjon. He dnesn'tbotherphoning /ne.
He doesn'tbothertophonerne.
Mivel az ,,-ing"-es alakkal nem szivesen haszndlnak rr-ing"-es alakot, ilyen esetekben dltaftiban a f6ndvi igenevet vdlasztjrik. I(ezd havazni.
It\ beginning t0 snrw. (;*b7irffiin1:rtontg)
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put the verbs into the correct form, -ing or to. Sometimes either form is possible. Tegyeaz igeket a megfelel6 alakba! Neha mindket alak lehetsdges. 1. Jackdidn't want ro admit uslng (use)a cheatsheetat rhe exam. 2. I don't want . ....... (interrupt)you, but I would like ... (ask)something. 3. I would be happy if you stopped ....... (complain).It,s so boring. 4. We ran out of petrol so we stopped .... (fill) up the tank. 5. I can't get a wink of sleepbecauseour neighbour'sdog keeps. .... (bark). 6. I'rn awfully sorry I didn't mean . (hurt) you. 7.Will you remind me ... ..... (make)a phonecallat the end of the lesson) B. Unfbrtunately we can't afford ...... (go) abroadfor a holiday everysurnmer. 9. I askedher for sornernoney again, but this time sherefused .... (give) me any I0. why do you keep. ...... (promise).... ... (d") things,that you know vou'll never do. It's not fair. 11. Moving to the country means (earn) lessmoney than in the capital. 12. Oh, my God! I forgot ..... (switch)off dre iron. 13. I will never forget ....... (meet) him. He was such an extraordinaryfellow. 14. I'll be happy ....... (see) him againaftersucha long time. 15. I look forwardto ..... ........ (see)him againaftersucha long time. 16. It's no use . . . .. (.ry) over spilt milk. 17. I got used to ... (work) 12 hours a day I don'r mind (work) so much. lB. When I was yottnger I used .... (work) 12 hours a day but I don't do it any more. I'm retired. 19. When we left dre house it started (rain). It hasn'rstopped ........ (rain) sincethen. 20. You cau't stop rne ... ..... (do) what I want to do. You know that. There'sno point in .. (try) to. 2Write sentences about yourself. Follow the example. irjon mondatokat mag6rol!Koyesse a pelddkat! 1. sth you forgot to do loslweekI forgotto tokeny drivinglicence withme. 2. sth you regret doing 3. sth you didn't rnean to do 4. sth you dread doing 5. sth you rememberdoing as a child 6. sth you need to do 7. sth you tried but gaveup doing......... B. sth you are consideringdoing 9. sth you feellike doing now .......... 10. sth you often imagine doing Il. sth you can't stand doing 12. sth you wouldn'tlike to do .............
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vERSUs lrurtrutrtvr GrRuruo 3 Sarahhad an accidentand now she suffersfrom amnesia.Thereare things shecan remember doing (4 but there are things shecan't rememberdoing (/) at all. You are her doctor and you aremaking a listof them. Sarah-nakbalesetevolt, 6s most amn6ziSbanszenved.Vannakdolgok, amire emlekszik,vannak dotgok, amire nem.6n az orvosa,6s err6l most egy listat k6szit. She was good at mathematics./ She had a car accident.f She played truant from school. / Shc spent a year abroad at the age of Ll. /
She went to university / She got a degreein computer programming. X Once she rescuedher friend from a house on ftre. X She got married at the age of 23. X
Write sentences beginning Sarahcan remember..., Sarahcan't remember... . tJse-ing. iria le, Sarahl mireeml6kszik 6s mire nem eml6kszik good ot nolhematics. L. Soroh csnrememher being 2. 3. A T.
4 Complete these sentences with a suitable verb in the correct form, -ing or to.... Egdszitseki a mondatokat a megadott ige ,,-ing"-es vagy f6nevi igeneves alaki1val! (earn) lessmoney I. Working lessrneanseorning ........ (s"y) somethingf 2. Did you mean ....... (have)to commuteto your placeof work. 3. Moving to the country lneans ... (invest) more money 4. Developing the company means ... (phone) my unclc, but I've forgotten to. 5. I rneant .... (do)) 6. What did vou mean . . .. . . .. (inform) you that your applicationhas been refused. 7. We regret ...".. (t"y) what I said.I knorv I was very rude. B regret . (not / talk) to him about it. 9 . regret l 0 regret ........ (tell) you that you'vefailcdthe exam. . . . . .. (not /study) harder.Now she can't go to universiry 11. She regrets ....... (speak)to me like drat. 12. You'llregret 13. We regret ....... (try) that our companycan't employ you. .... . (d") things that he 14. Torn had a serioushead injurl: Now he can't remember... acruallydid. .,.. (take)that parcelto the post officcf You know how 15. Did you remember... Llrgentit was. ...... (give)them my regards. 16. Rernember... ....... (switch)offdre iron. I don't I can't rcmember 17. I'm so absent-minded. know if I switcl'redit off or not. I hope I did. 18. When we travelledto Tunesiayou were only onc year old. You can't remember (travel) there. ....... (do) every'thingthat I askedyou to dol 19. Did you rernember... .. (write) the letter and I also remembered 20. I remembered. (post) it, but you didn't tell me that I should send it express. (be) taken to 2L Aithough Sheilawas very/young then, she can remember ..... Disney Land. 22.Ilooked up from my book when I heardsome noiseoutside but then I went on .... (read) ......... (talk) 23. The chairmantalkedabout the salesfiguresthen he went on about the investment project.
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lrurtruttvr GrnuruovERsus . . . . . . . . ( b . ) t h es a l e s m ' a n a g e r . 24.Frstlrvorkedasasalesmanatthecompurythenlwenton.... You'll ruin your health. like this. (live) ....... on You can't go together. 25. Pull yourself manager went on production our 26. Nter speakir-rgtwenry minutes about the qualiry problems,
zz ci,oa;.;;;ti f;;n;;9Tl ::-:
-:::
can Anyone :i.t[ihTl*:trT:[ITi.?,T"me
climb in. ....... (see)Elvis Presleyon stage",said Grarrdma. 28. "I1l neverforget (collect) the children from the nursery! 29. Don't forget "Really)""Don't you remember..... ....'... (lcnd) 30. *I think I owe you somemoney" any money" ...... (lend) you me somel"'Well I don't remember... .. .. (snow). If it goeson like dris, we'll get stuck in 31. I don't knou' when it will srop . . the village. (argue)! I'm fed up with it. 32. Stop .. (argue)with him. He thinks he is always 33. I don't think it's a good idea to stop .. right anyrvay ... (b"y) some presentsfor our childrer-r. 34. On our way home we stopped (complain).She is rather pessimisticabout everything. 35. Shecan'r srop ..... .. (disturb) you yesterdayI should have phoned you earlier. 36. I'm awfully sorry for (disturb) you sir, but somebodywants to talk to you urgendy 37.I'm sorry . ........ (trouble)you, but may I askyou to closethe window? 38. I'm sorry . .... (not/go) to the party last night, but shc was very busy 39. Sheis sorry for ... .... (go) to the dentist. He dreads 40. M,v son dreads (think) of the sound of the drill. ....... (think) of her past.Shehad a miserablelife until the ageof 21. 41. Sl'redreads (go) to school if they have to write a test-PaPer. 42. I thinl< almost every child dreads 5 Make suggestions.lJse try + one of the following expressions.Always use-ing. Tegyenjavaslatokat! Haszndljaa ,,try" igdt 6s egy megfelel6 kifejezdstaz al1bbiak k1zill! Mindig ,,-ing"-es alakot haszn1lion! drink herbal tea
put on the blue one wear contact lenses
move it to the other side of the room i. A) 2. A) 3. A) 4. A) 5. A)
@
This camerawon't work. I don't like dre tablc there. This tie doesn't match my shirt. I have a problem with my stomach. I should wear glasses,but I don't like d-rem.
lhegreybutton? B) Haveyou tried pushing . . . . . .? .. B ) W h yd o n ' ty o ut r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . B) riy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I . . . . . . . . B ) H a v ey o ut r i e d trv.........,... B ) Y o us h o u l d
6 Complete the sentences. Use try + to or try + -ing with the verbs in brackets. Egeszftseki a mondatokat! HasznSljaa ,,try + ing" vagy a ,,try + to" szerkezeteket a zaroielben megadatt igevel! "Try pushing (push) the red burton." l. "This photocopier won't work." it got stuck. ...... (push)the button, but I couldn't because 2. I tried for hear,y you. shelf. It's too (move) that ...... 3. Don't try .... .... (move) the shelf to the door, but we didn't like it that way either. 4. We tried (put) on my socks,but I felt a terrible pain in my back, so I couldn't put 5" I tried them on alone. "Let rne see.Try ... . . (p,rt) on the 6. "Do you think this jacketmatchesmy trousersl" black one." ....... (travel)by plane. 7. I have nevertried (catch) the bus, but I don't have much chance. B. I'll try
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lrurrrurrvr GrRuruo vERsus 7 Transform the sentences, where it is possible. Use need -ing. Alakitsa 5t a mondatokat, ahol /ehetsdges/ Haszndlja a ,,need -ing" szerkezeteket! l. I need to wash my clothes. h'snotposihletolronsform. 2. My clothes need to be washed. lrliydothes need woshing. 3. He wants to repair the windscreenwipers. 4. The windscreen wipers need to be repaired. They arevery oId............. 5. I needto look aftermy grandparents. 6.My grandparents needto be lookedafter........... 7. I want to paint the fence. 8. The fenceneedsto be painted.,.............. 9.My husbandneedsto cleanthe garage. 10. The g rageneedsto be cleaned. 8 Choose the correct form. Crossout the wrong one. V{lassza ki a helyesmegold6st! A helytelent huzza 6t! l. Sheneedsto so / soins home now. 2. Your jacket wants cleaning/ to clean. 3. We need catching / to catch that train. 4. She needs caring for / to care for. 5. Yourcar needswashing/ to wash. 6. We want to speakto vou / speakineto vou. 9 Readthe sentencesand write down what the things need. Use the verbs in brackets. Olvassael a mondatokat, es frja le, mit kellene tenni! Haszndlja a z6rojelben lev6 igeket! l. The walls are very dirty (whitewash) lheyneedwhitewashing. 2. Yourshirt is creased.(iron) ........ 3. Yourhair looksunkemptand untidy (cut)....................;....... 4. I havea bad tooth. (pr[ out) .......... 5. The grassis rather dry (water) 1O This is a description of a photo. Read the description and imagine that yesterday you were in the scene. Write down what you saw and heard. Ez egy kdplefrds. Olvassa el a leirdst 6s kdpzelje azt, hogy tegnap epp azon a helyenj6ft, ahol a k6p kdszult! irja le, hogy mit l{tott 6s mit hallott! L-r the photo there is a messy office. There are altogether five people in this offrce. Some of them are office workers, some of them are friends or clients. The man sitting in the corner is smoking and looking out of the window l{e can seea cat and a dog in the street.The dog is just chasingthe cat and it is barking very loudly The man's colleague,who is sitting by the table in the other corner,is phoning. FIe must be very angry becausehe is shouting. On the table next to him there is a mobile phone, which is ringing too, but nodody seemsto bother about it. The two ladies who are standing in front of the man's table are probably waiting for him, becausethey arestaring at him. The fifth personin the photo must be a secretarybecauseshe is typing a letter. The radio on her table is on. Somebody is playing the guitar. I. I saw a man lookingout of the window (look). 2. I could smell him 3.Iheard 4. I heard 5. I saw 6. I could hear .. 7.Isaw 8. Isaw 9. I could hear..
(smoke) a cigarette. .(bark). ... (shout). (phone). (iing). . . . . . . (. w a i t ) . .(woe). ...(pl"y) the guitar.
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\
/
I
lrurtrutrvr GenunovERSUS
11 Completethe answersto the questions.IJsesee/hearlsmell+ bare infinitive (do). Egeszitse igdket6s a ,,to" nelkilli f6ndvi igenevet(do)! ki a v1laszokat!Haszn1ljaa ,,see/hear/smell" ]. A: 2. A: 3. A: 4. A: 5. A: 6. A:
it off. B: YesI saw you switch Did I switch offthe TVI B: I didn't seeanybody Did irnybodycome in while I was outf How did your brother fall from the treel B: I haveno idea.I didn't seehim...... .. B: I don't think so.I didn't hearanybody............ Did anybodyknock at dre doorl the door .......... Sombodvwent out. The door slammed. B: I didn't hear B: Really) I've never seenthe Tl-resunriseis wonderful at the lake.
12 Complete fhe senfences. Use one of the following verbs (in the correct form). Egeszitseki a kovetkez6 mondatokat! Haszndlia a megadott igeket a megfelel6 alakban! ]. I saw a rran dmb lctlmU; out through your bedroom window when you arrived home and I also saw hin enler(enter) the houseearlierwidr your wife. ..(sing), and watch the swallows 2. Spring is wonderful. I can listen to the birds ,..,
(rly). \ ^ _ J/ .
. .. .. (go down). 3. I alwayswatch the sun A . . . . . ... (.ty). Shewas very disappointed. i, found your sisterat home ..... (cook) something. 5. I can smellmy children ....... (ring). 6. Shewoke up becausesheheardthe bell .. .. (lie) right r-rext 7 . When we gor home we were very surprised.We saw our cat to our dog. 8. Did anybody seedre building ..... (arrive) at d1esceneof the murder. What can you tell us 9. Somebodysaw yolr about itf i0. Did you hearJack .. ..... (clirnb)over the fenceand then .......... ll. Your friendswere seen ...... (go into) your house. 13 Translate the sentences.Fordltsa le a mondatokat! de nem birta abbahagynia sir{st. ). Pr6bdltarnmegvigi-rsztalni, 2. Az 6r kell6s kozepdn {lltak rneg, l-rogyvdltsanakndh{r-rysz6t. 3. Ne culd
173
lrurrNrtvr GrnuruovERSUs 23. A gyerekeimiszonyodnak att6l, ha orvoshoz kell mennii.ik. 24. Sajndlorn,hogy tegnap esteolyan kds6nirtem.haza, de nagyon sok dolgom voltaz irodiban. 25. Eln&6st, hogy zavarom,de beszdlheurikmost Onnell 26. Most, hogy a felesigemeghalt, sajndlta,hogy nem toltott vele egyiitt tobb id6t. 27. Sajnitlattalhallottam, hogy mi tortdnt a fiaddal. 28. Pr6bdltam megtaldlni az dllomiisravezrt6 utat, de mivel mdg idegen voltam a vdrosban,nem sikertilt. 29. Megprobdltam megkirdezni egv jdr6kel6t, de sajnoskideri.ilt, hogy 6 is csakturista. 30. Iill megpr6bdlta levenni a kcinyvet a legfels6 polcr6l, de mivel tril alacsonyvolt, nem drte el. " 31. ,,Kdptelenvagyok utoldrni a kereskedelmikdpvisel6nket.",y{ mobiljrin pr6bdltad mdr hivnif 32. Bdrmennyireis pr6bdlom rnegirteni a l{nyomat, nem megy 33. Pr6bdltar-ryiwatartani a szemdt,de rul f.iradt volt. 34. A miniszterelnok el6szora belpolitikdr6l beszdlt,majd rdtdrt a kiilpolitikdra. 35. Az el6ad6rovid sziinet utdn folytatta a kl6nozdstechnol6gi{jdnakbernutat{sdt. 36. Amikor hazadrtem, a fiam (pp az esszdjdtirta. Vdltottunk pdr sz6t, is foly'tatta az essztitist. 37. Eleinte csak a bdlndkat tanuhndnyozta, aztin ritert a cdpdk tanulminyozisira. 38. Nem sziiksdgesvelem jonnod, odataldlok. 39. Ez az ember gondoskod{sraszorul. 40. A lakdsodrardfbr a festis. 41. Az olalat ki kellenecserdlniaz aut6ban. 42.kle a szernetes.I(i kelleneiiriteni. 43. Tdged drdekela brivdrkodds) 44. Erdel
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(-lNG,-ED) PARTICIPLE
Es MELLETTEvI t
f
IGENEVEK HATAROZOI Az angol nyelvben az igeneveket az ,,-ing" v6.gz6d6ssel(Present Participle) vary az ige 3. alakjdval (Past Participle) fejezhetjiik ki. l. FOLYAMATOS MELLfT
IGENEV
(-6, -6 = -ing)
a) dolgoz6 anyik felkel6 nap igdnybevev6munka
worhing Ynotbns rising Swn job d'emand.ing
b) olriJ:rondolgoz6 anydk a keleten felkel6 nap figyelrnet kcjvetel6 munka
rnotbersworhing nt home the Sun rising in the East ajob derua.nding concentration
Az a) csoportban a jelz6k6.nt haszndlt Participle
MELLfT(NfVI rCnNfV 1 -t, -tt = -ed, ige 3. alakja) 2. BEFEJEZF'TT the brohm wind.ow spiltmilk stuffed. cabbage
a) a betor-tablak kiontott tej toltott kdposzta DE!
th e problern d.iscussed. tlt e witn esses qwestioned.
a megvitatott probldma a kihallgatott szemtanrik
the wind.owbrohen by yowr son tbe rnilh spilt on thefloor.
b) a fiad dltal betort ablak r prrdl6rekiontott tej
A sz6rendet tekinwe a befejezett melldkndvi igendwe ugyanaz vonatkozik, mint a folyamatos melldkndvi igendvre. FIa nincs b6vitmdnye az igendvnek, akkor dllhat a jelzntt sz6 el6tt. Ez azonban csak akkor lehetsdges,ha rilland6sult szdkapcsolatr6l van sz6. FIa van b6vitminye, akkor csak a ielzett szo mogott {llhat. 3. BEALLO MELLEKNBW
IGENfV
1-and6, -end6 = to be + ige 3. alakja) the questionto be considered Tbis qwestionis to be consid.ered. theprojectto bef.nished. Theprojectis yet to bef.nished.. tbe build.ingto be renovated Tbe bwilding is to be renovated..
a nregfontoland6 kdrdds A kdrddsrnegfontoland6. a befcjezend6projekt A projekt rndg befejezdsrevdr. a fclirjfturd6 dpiilet Az dpiiletet fel kell fjitani.
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PRRrrcrple 4. HATAROZOI
IGENEV
( -va, -ve, -vdn, -v6n = -ing, -having done)
AI.AKIAI: PRESENT PARIICPLE, ACTIVE : jelen idejri hardroz6i igendv, aktiv PERFECT PARTICPLE, ACTTVE : Befejezen (mrilt idejfi) melliknivi igeniv, aktiv PRESENT PARIICPLE, PASSIVE Jelen idejri hatiroz6i igeniv, passziv PERFECT PARTICPLE, PASSTVE Befejezett (mrilt idejri) hatiroz6i igen6v,passziv
doing, working, being having done, having worked, having been being done having been done
Figyelje meg! A leveletolvasva,sirva fakadt. (Mikozbena leveletolvasta...) Elolvasviin a levelet, sirva fakadt. (Miutdn elolvastaa levelet...) Ldvin, hogy bcirtcinbekiildtik, nem fudon gondoskodni a csalddjdr6l. Miutdn bortonbe ki.ildtdk, megszokott.
I
Rt"di"g the letter, slteburst into tears. (While read.ing/ when rending the letter...) Ilaving read the lener;sheburst into tears. (After read,ingthe lener...) Being smt to pri.son, he could.n'tloohajier hisfnrnily. Having beensent to prison, he escaped..
riayaemt
A hatiroz,oi igendv csak akkor haszndlhat6 mellikmondat az,onos. Figyelje meg! Bekapcsoltaa sz6,,mit6g(petds leiilt dolgozni. Miutdn bekapcsoltaa szimit6g(pet, leii{t dolgozni.
rcividftdsdre, ha a tagmondatok alanya
Sheswitchedon the com.puter and. sat dnwn to worh. Havr.ng swi.tchedon tlte cl?npatery sltesat d.own to worh.
DE! Ha a tagmondatok alanyakiiLliinbtizik,nem rcividithetiiLnkmelldkmondatot hatriroz6i igendrwel. Valaki csengetettis dn ajt6t nyitottam. Ewib
Somebod,y ra.ngthe bell and.I nnswered. the door
hasznos tudnival6k a ..DarticiDle"-r6l
'Mind a hatdroz6i, mind pedig a melldkndvi igenevet leggyakrabban melldkmondattal forditjuk magyarra. 'While reading when reading = olvasds kcizben / Ha nygryltikos(tani szeretnink, hogy valami egy mdsik cselekvis kcizben megy vdgbe, akkor a ,,participle"-t haszndlhatjuk a ,,while / when" k
On orriving ltome, hefound. a letter on the d.oonnat
'A passziv hatirozni igenevet dltaldban mell6kmondat bevezet6sdrehaszndljdk, de passziv drtelmf hat6'roz6i igenevet kifejezhetiink a,,past participle"-lel (ige 3. alakja) is. Figyelje meg! Ldv6n, hogy a levil fel volt bontva, bdrki elolvashatta. Felbonwa taldltam a levelet.
Being opened.,the letter could.bavebeenread. by nnyone. I fownd. the letter opened.
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MnlErruwr Es HRrnnozotTGENEVEK Being accontgronied.by policernen,he could'n't esca.pe. He anhred.,nccornpanied.by policenen.
Mivel rend6rok kisdrtik, nem tndott megszokni. Rend6ri kisdrettel drkezett. (rend6rok dltal kfsirve) .A,,Having
done" mrilt idej( hatiroz,6i igenevet el6idejffsig kifejezesire hasznriljuk. Having bem d.ivnissedtwice, he hst his self-esteem.
Miutdn mdr kdtszerelbocsdtott{k, elvesztetteaz onbecsiildsdt.
.A,,There is /there are" hat{roz6i igeneves alakja = There being There being nobod1at home, I d.id.n'tfeel lihegoing horne. Thwe being thund.erand' I'ightning, our dog did'n't d.areto lenvethe house.
Ldvin, hogy senki sem volt otthon, nem volt kedvem hazamenni. Mivel mennydorgott ds villdmlott, a kutydnk nem mert kimenni ahiz66L.
.Amennyiben a tagmondtok alanya kiiltinbcizitq a kcivetkez6 m6don rcividithettink hat{ttozni igeniwel: IIim/IIe not hnowing anytbing I helped.bim' With his child.ren left home,befelt hnely.
Mivel nem tudott senmit, segitettem neki Mivel a gyerekei elmentek otthonr6l, egyedtil |rezte magdt. Mivel a gyerekei mdr nem voltak otthon, egyediil |rezte magdt.
Withawt his child.ren being at honte, he feb lonely.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Turn the relativec/ausesinto -ing c/ausesfollowing the example.A ielz6i mell{kmondatokatalakitsa6t folyamatosmell6kn6viigendwd a pdlda alapiSn! tohimismyskter. nexl womon sifting l. The womanwho is sitting nexrro him is my sister.The 2. The busthat wasgoing to London had a puncture. 3. The companywI-richwill closedown next month has beenbought by Americans. 4. lack will speakto dre delegation which is arriving next week, 5. There are a lot of hotels in this town which ofler cheap accommodation. 6. The srudenrswho were taking part in this competition could learn a lot of interestingthings. 7. I know the man who is standing by the window 8. Do you mean the man who is wearing a black hatf 9. Can you seethe girl who is reading a magazine? 10. Have you heard about the actor who is coming to Veszprdmsoonl
Turn the relativec/ausesinto -ed c/ausesfollowing the example.A ielz6i mell€kmondatotalakitsa5t befejezettmellekndviigen6wd a p6lda alapiSn! I . The qualiryof the productsdrataresoldherearenot up to standard' sold herearenotuptoslondard. Thequilityofiheproducti 2. Do you like the booksthat arepublishedby dre UniversityPress? 3. Do you know the woman who was kidnappedby someterrorists?
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PanrrcrpLr 4. The murderer who was arrestedby the police last week turned out to be Billv's cousln. 5. We found the money that had been stolen from the bank in a black sack. 6. Did you enjoy the programmethat was broadcastby CNNI 7. Have you read the letter that was written by our teacherf 8. Did you enjoy the parry which was organisedbv tl-reschoolf 9. We receivedthe offer drat was tnade by our businesspartner. 10. We saw the man who was accusedof robbcrv
3 Turn the relative clauses into to be c/auses. Alakitsa at a jelz6i mell6kmondatokat belllo mellekndvi igenevv1! 'the in lvloy hridge tohefinkhed l. The bridge that should be finished in May will join the rwo districts. williointhetwodistrkts. 2. We have agreedon the decisionsthat should be made. 3. The question drat should be discussedis far too important. 4. Tl-reproblem that should be solvedis very complex. 5. The money that should be borrowed from the bank will solveour problem. 6. The product d-ratshould be advertisedin the papersis very competitive 7.The campaigndrat should be launchednext yearcostsa lot of money ........... .. 8. The applicationthat should be worked out must be clear. 9. The book drat should be publishedin lune will be very popuIar.................
.............. I0. Thehousethatshouldbelet will berenovated. 4 Transformthe sentencesfollowing the examples.Themeaningof your senfencemust be the sarneas that of the original sentence.Alakitsa5t a mondatokata pelda alapjdnIgy, hogy a jelentesne vdltozzon! was o book. in thesunshewas rcading / She l. While shewaslying in the sun, shewasreadinga book. Lying reoding o book lyingin thesun. 2. WhileI rvaslisteningto the radio,I wascorrectingtest-papers. 3. We were watching the traffic wl-rilewe were rvaiting for hini. 4. The srudentswere singing wl-rilethey were walkir-rgin the forests 5. While I was watchingT{ I was eating. 6. While drey rverc clin-rbir-rgthe rock, they rvere talking 7. While we were driving to Manchester)\4/ewerc listening to music. B. While he was walking in the rain, he was singing loudly 9. While she was lying on the bed, shewas doing a crosswordspuzzle. 10. While she'nvasreadingthe book, shewas crying.
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MrLLErruEvr 6s HarRnoz6rTGENEVEK
5 tJnderlinefhe sentencewhich meansthe sameas the originalsentence.Sometimesmore than one sentenceis right. Hhzzaal6 azt a mondatot, ami ugyanaztjelenti, mint az eredetimondat! 1. Reading the letter she burst into tears.
2. On entering the room she got a shock.
3. Having written the letter shewent to bed.
4. On arriving home lack found a letter in the kitchen.
5. Having done the work, she rvent home.
A) After readine the letter she burst into tears. B) While reading the letter she burst into tears. C) She burst into tears before she read the letter. A) After sheentereddre room shegot a shock. B) Shegot a shock becauseshc entcreclthe room. C) \4hile shewas entering the room she got r shock. A) After writing the letter she went to bed. nj Wnle writirig the letter, she went to bed. C) After she had written the letter,shewcnt to bcd. A) Ar soon as he had arrived home he found a letter in the kitchen. B) While he was arriving home he found a lctter ir-r the kitchen. C) After he had arrived home hc four-rda letter in the kitchen. A) Shewent home, whilc shewas doing thc work. B) Shewent home after doing the work. C) After shehad done the work, shewent home.
5 Make one senfence from the two using an -ing clause.Kosse ossze a mondatokat jelen idej1 hatArozoi igendwel! l. Jack was plaving football. He hurt his leg. Jackhurthishg pllyingfootbull. 2. I was reading a book. I fell asleep. 3. The woman fell down. She was running downstairs. 4. I was clirnbingthe tree.I fell from it. .............. 5. IGte was riding a bicycle.She had an accident. 6. They were coming down in the lift. They heard a strangenoise. ........ 7 Make sentencesbeginning with having... . Kosse osszea mondatokat mult idej1 hatdrozoi igen€wel! l. She made lunch. She did the washing up. Havingmodelunch,shedidthewashingup. 2. I watered the flowers. Then I hoovered the carpet. 3. After Tom had phoned |ack, he left home. .............. 4. Shewerlt to dre bus stop after she had bought the newspaper. 5 . After they l-radrun olrt of petrol they filled up rheir tank. .......... 8 tn which of these sentences could you use the -ing or having... clause? Tick the sentence if you can. Melyik mondatban helyettesithet6 a mell1kmondat jelen idej1 vagy m1lt idej1 hat6rozoi igenewel? 1. Slre switched off the TV and went to bed. / Switching off thelt/, shewentto bed. 2. The phone rang and she picked it up. X 3. Torn turned dre key in the lock and entered dre house. 4. We out ol1 ollr anoraksand went outside to build a snowman. 5. My neighbour came round and I offered him a cup of coffee. 6. I rvassitting in a restaurantand I saw him with a blond girl. 7. Sliegaveme her car and I was very grateful................ B. I arrivedhome latc and my husbandwasvery angry ........ 9. They left home and caught a taxi. 10. I postedthe letter and then I gaveher a ring. l l . I didn't know his phone number so I couldn'tcallhim up. ,........... 12. We didn't lcavein time so we rnissedthe bus. 13. Shelent her some money and he promisedto pay it back. 14. After the doctor had examinedme he prescribedsomemedicine. 15. As we don't have a car.we find it difficult to set around.
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Pnnrrcrple 9 Tick the senfence where you can use fhe -ing construction, and transform these sentences using afterlbeforelwhenlwhilelon + ing. Pipdlja ki azokat a mondatokat, ahol ,,-ing"-es szerkezettel lehet roviditeni a mellekmondatot, majd ennek megfelel6en alakitsa 6t a mondatot! Haszn{lja az " ,,afte r/ b efo relw h en /w h i IeI o n kot6szava kat ! 1. After I had dinner I went to bed. / Aherhovingdinnerlwenltobed. 2. Before the guestsarrived we had laid the table. f 3. While we were watching the film in the cinema)we were eating popcom. 4. As soon as I had enteredthe houseI saw a burglar in my living-room. 5. After we had dug up the garden,Daddy plantedthe vegetables. 6. When rve arrived home- we found a box on the doormat. 7. We saw a strangelight in the sky when'nvewere talking in the street. B. Our dog was barking while the neighbour'scat was walking acrossour garden. 9. Beforelack visited his wife in the hospital,he bought a bunch of flowers at the nearbyflorist's 10. While Sue was embroidering,shewas listeningto Beethoven'sFiir Elise.
'lO Changethe clausesinto having been done or being done construction.Follow the example. Alakitsa6t a mellekmondatotpasszivhat6roz6iigendw! a pelda alapjdn! I. Sincehe wasaccompanied by the policehe couldn'tescape. Being auomponied hythe'potke hecoildn't tirope. 2. Nter he wasdismissed, he didn't wantto work anymore. Having been dismissed hedidn'lwont lowork onymore. 3. After he wasarrested, he didn't want to meethis girlfriend. 4. Sir-rce shewas threatened.shc didn't dareto speakabout the murder to anyone. 5. Sincethe children were warned againstgoing to the seaurlone,they got evenmore curiotrs. 6. After I was askedto make a report on the Bulls. I travelled to Chicago. 7. After we were made to do the iob. we didn't want to do it.
B. Sincethey were being followed by a big blackcar,they were trying to drive faster. 9. After they rvere shown around the factory they seemedto be rather satisfied. 10. After my husbandwas promoted, he got a higher salary 1'l Connectthe two sentencesusing past participle.Follow the example.Kosseosszea mondato-
kat a pastparticiple (ige 3. alakja)segitsegevela p6lda alapj6n! l. He arrived.Hc was accornpanied by policemen.Heonived ouomponied hypolkenen. 2. The emperorwaslying on dre bed.He wassurrounded by slaveswith pahnleaves. 3. He took part in a competition. It was sponsoredby a big multinational company 4. Tim sent his application.l{e was encouragedby his teachers. 5. A'nr-rgot the promotion. She was supported by the majoriry of the company
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MrLLfrrufurfs HmnRozorTGENFVEK 12 Complete the sentences for each situation. Use the word given + the ending -ing or -ed. Egeszftseki a mondatokat a szitudci6nak megfelel6en! Haszndlja a megadott sz6t 6s az ,,-ing" vagy ,,-ed" vdgz6dest! l. The film was about dinosaurs.(interest-) a) The film was very inleresling. b) You know I'm inlerested in dinosaurs. 2. Mrs Jackson'slecturesaren't very good. (bor-) a) Her lecturesare rather b) I'm with her lectures. 3. I spilled a glassof red wine on the guest. (embarrass-) a) This situation was very b) I felt radrer 4. If you enter the Marathon race,you must train a lot. (exhaust-) a) It's verv to run 42 kms. b) The ruirners get very by the end of the race. 5. I don't like sad fihns (depress-). a ) T h e va r e . . . . . b) They make me 13 Choose the conxt word. Crossout the wrong one. V1lasszaki a helyesmegoldSrt! A helytelent h(tzza6t! l. Are you satisfied / satis{ving-with the results) 2. Did you find dre le.ssoninteresting / interestedl 3. It can be very embarrassing/ embarrassedto say hello to someoneyou have never met. 4. The fiLn was very funny I was amusing / amused. 5. The researchers were disappointing / disappointedwidr the outcome. 6. There was such a terrible storm that everybody got frightening / frightened. 7. The film was terri{ving / terrified. 8. Evervbodv was surprising / surprisedthat he got the job. 9. The experiencewas shocked / shocking. 10. We were astonished/ astonishingwhen we saw her with that strangefellow I I. Why are you always boring / boredl \4hy don't you find something interesting / interestedto readf I2. The storv was amused/ amusing. Everybodv was amused/ amusing, when thev read it. 14 Choosethe correct answer Only one is correct. Vdlasszaki a helyesmegold1st! Csakegyjo vdlaszvan. 1. ... .. enteringthe houseI could smell somethirg ... A) On / to burn B) When / to burn C) While / burning D) On / burning 2. ..... by the majority votes,he won the elections. A) Having supported B) Supporting C) Beensupporting D) Supported 3. .. . .. . the bus. shetook a ta-ri. A) Being missed C) Having missed
B) Missing D) Missed
4. ..... . . . i n t h e s t r e e tI suddenlyheard someone.. A) Walked/ screamed B) Walking / having screamed C) Having walked / screaming D) Walking / screaming 5. Peter'schildren went on holiday so he felt lonely This sentencemeans the same as: A) With his children gone on holiday, Peter felt lonely B) His children being gone on holiday Peter felt lonely C) With his children having gone on holiday, Peter felt lonely D) Feeling lonely, Peter'schildren went on holidair 6. We mustn't forget about the problemsyet ... A) be solve C) being solved
B) to be solved D) solved
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TGENEVEK Pnnrrcplr- MrllErrurvrEsHRrnnozot 7. He had been nrned down twice so he thought he would give it up. This sentencemeansthe sameas; A) Being turned down twice, he thought he would give it up. B) Having been turned down twice, he thought he would give it up. C) Turning down twice, he thought he would givc it up. D) Having turned down twice, he thought hc would give it up. 15 Translatethe sentences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. A cdgndl dolgoz6 n6k tobb mint a feldnekmdr van csalddja. 2. Az ablak mellett dll6 fdrfi dlland6an minket bdmul. 3. A melletted iil6 holgy a f6nok felesige. 4. Az a l:iny, aki piros kalapot visel, osztdlytdrsamvolt a gimndziumban. 5. A vdroskozpontban dpiil6 irodahitzlesz a vd-[alat(rj szdkhelye. 6. Nem 6rdemesolyan aut6t venni, ami tul sok iizemanyagot fogyaszt. 7. AtLrl sok selejtestermdket gyirto szerelvdnysorokatle fogjdk cserdlni. 8. Az itt tanit6 kollegdk j6l kipzettek. 9. A holnap megnyitdsra keriil6 bevdsdrl6kozporltothdrom 6ven dt dpitettdk. 10. A versenyenrdsztvev6knagy rdszeki.ilfoldr6l drkezen. ll. Azok a didkok, akik a feladatukrakoncentrdlnak,lefogjdk tenni a vizsgdt. be fog szdmolnirnindenr6l. 12. A most kdsziil6jelentdsrdszletesen 13. A rogzitett beszdlget6smindenre fenyt derit. fogj,iLemel-ni. 14. A tegnapm6dositon torvdnfavaslat szerinta pcdag6gusokfizetdsit tizenot szdzaldkkal elhur-rytaktobb miut tr fele kiskoru volt. 15. Az osszecsapdsokban I6. A mult hdten bemutatott darab 6ri:isi sikert aratott. 17. Az drvizkdrosultakszdmdraosszegyijtott penzt dlelmiszerrefogjdk kolteni. I8. A hozzdrartoz6loakmdg azonositaniukkell a terrortimaddssordnmeggyilkolt'ildozatokat. 19. A levdl, amit tegnap kaptunk k6zhez,mindenr6l tqdkoztat minket. 20. Jamesrndr el is koltotte apdnzt, arnit tegnapvett ki a bankb6l. 21. Afelijitdsra koltott p6nzr az OrszdgosThkarik P(nzr6,rhitelezte. 22. Ellkeriltek a mdsodik vil{ghdborit sordnelveszettmrikincsek. 23. Az tizemiinkben el6dllitott termdkek tobb mint hawan sziLzallkitn)'ugatra exportiljuk. 24. A keletenbeszerzettnyersanyagokolcs6bbak. 25. A kiad6nk dltal megjelentetettkonyvekhezaz eg(szorszig tertiletin hozzi lchet juuri. 26. Az osszesitt felsorolt olvasmdnykotelez6. 27. Anapon fekve szundikdlt. 28. Mikozben a filmet ntzte, a kormdt rdgta. 29. Beldpvea szobdbafurcsa zait hallott. 30. Egy kalandreginyt olvasvadobbent rd a megolddsra. 31. Utaz{s kozber-ra walkrnanj6th'allgatta. 32. Futds kozben verseketszavalt. 33. A parkbans6tdlvaegy aranyldncottal{lt. 34. Mig a bardtjdravdrt, a kirakatokatn6zegette. 35. Thnuldskozben mindig zenit hallgatok. 36. Miutdn haza6.rt,bekapcsoltaatelevizi6t ds megndztea kedvencsorozatit. 37. Felolvasvdna riszwer,6k neveit,kiosztottaa dolgozatokat. 38. Befejezvtn a dolgozatot, feldllt ds elhagytaa termet. 39. Miutdn rnegtaldltdka probl6ma kulcsdt,felhivtdk a szabadalmihivatalt. 40. L€ven, hogy le van tart6ztatva) nern tudja kideriteni az igazsdgot. 41. Mivel hazudtak nekem, nem tudtam tenni sernmit. 42. Ldv€n, hogy megfenyegettdlqnem merte kihivni a rend6rsdget. 43. Mivel bdntalmaztik, senkineksem mondta el, mi tclrtint. 44. Mivel megzsaroltdk, kinytelen volt bizalmas informdci6kat el{rulni. 45. Ldvdn, hogy kiv:il6 nevelisbenriszesiilt, mindig ririemberm6djdra viselkedett. 46. Rend6ri kisdrettel irkezen a bir6sdgra. 47. Gyonyorti holgyek tdrsasdgdbantoltcjtte a szabadsdgdt. 48. A vdlaszt6keriilet tdmogatdsdvalnyerte meg a szavazist. 49. A kolligdi osztor-rzdsdre pilydzra meg az igazgat6i dll{st. 50. Holnap rakjdk le a jov6 szeptemberbendtaddsrakertil6 ltrvhazalapkovdt. 51. T:ijdkoztattuk a kolldgdkat a holnapi drtekezletenmegvitatdsrakcrtil6 tdm{kr6l. 52. A rnegolddsravdr6 probldmdkatfogjuk megvitatni. 53. A megvdlaszoldsra vdr6 kdrddseknagyon fontosak.
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CLAUSES RELATIVE (who, which, that...) JELZOIMELLEKMONDATOK Az angol nyelvben a vonatkoz,o ndvmdsoknak jelentds-megktiLl
I. szfKiT6
is a
twnrrfrKMoNDAT (Definingclause):
Ezek a mellikmondatok a mondat egdszenekmegdrt6sdhezndlkiiliizhetetlenek. Mivel szorosan kcit6dnek a f6mondathoz, az angol nyelvben mig vessz6velsem tiirjiik meg ezt a szoros egysdget. Figyelje meg! Az a firi, aki segftett nekem, a szomszddbanlakik. The boywho/that helpedme lipesnext door The boohnhich/that is lying on thef'oor is not yowrs. Az a konyv, ami a ftrldon hever,nem a tied. Ha ezeket a melldkmondatokat elhagyndnk, akkor a hallgat6 szimira. nem lenne viliigos, hogy konkrdtan kir6l vagy mir6l beszeliink. Figveljemeg! The boyl'ivesnext d.oor Which boy?Wo a'reylw talhing about? The boywho helped.meyesterd'av. Now I see.
A: A fiir ir szomszidbanlakik. B: Melvik firif Kir6l beszilszf A: Az a fiir, 'aki tegnap segftett nekem. B: Mr-rstm{r irtem.
A f6mondatb6l nem deriil ki, hogy milyen fidr6l bes#liink, erirt a megdrtis szemPontj:ib6l ldnyeges az alanyt definiril6, konkretizdl6 mell6kmondat. E#rt hivjrik az angolban ezt ^ mellikmondatot ,,defining clause"-nak. Mivel ez a melldkmondat a jelentist sziikiti, magyarul szfikitd mellikmondatnak nevezziik. A magyarban az ilyen tipusri mondatok f6mondatrit is melldkmondat{t iltdriban a ktlvetketkez6ktppen kezdjiik:Az a..., ahi/arni... . Krit6szavak a sziikitf
mellikmondatban
:
who : aki which : ami, amely that : aki, ami (Tehdt helyenesitheti a ,,who" is a ,,which" kcit6szavakat.)
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RrunrrvrCLAUSES A krit6szavak haszndlatriban ldnyeges sz€mpont, hogy a melldkmondat trirgyi vagy alanyi mellikmondat-e. . Alan]'i mell6kmondat: Ha a kcit6szo alanyi mellikmondatot
vezet be (aki, ami), akkor a ktit6sz6t mindig ki kell tenni. Thegirl who/that is sitting next t0 !0u is wry clner The roomwhich/that facesthe st'reetis verynoisy.
Az a liLny,aki melletted iil, nagyon okos. Az a szoba,ami az utcd.randz, nagyon zajos.
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. Tdrqvi mellikmondat:
i
Ha a kcit6sz6 t{rrgyi melldkmondatot vezet be (akit, amit), akkor akrir el is hagyhat6. Ez akkor is igy van, ha a kcit6szohoz valamilyen prepozfci6 tartozik, hiszen a prepozici6 is mindig t{rgyesetet vonz. Ha a kcit6sznt elhagyjuk, akkor a prepozici6 mindig a mell6kmondat vigire keriil. Az a n6, akit a moziban l{ttunk, Pisti felesdge. Az a n6, aki rnellett ijltdl, a s6g6rn6rn. Az t n6, akivel tegnap beszdlgettiink, a f6ncrkszeret6ie.
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Thewornan(wbo/tbat) wesa.wat tbe cinnna is Hstls wife. The wornanyzu were sitting next to is wy sister-in-lnw. is the boss\lover The woruan we talhed,to yesterd.ay
Az a konl.ri amit kolcsonadtarnneked, Jozsie. Tbe book(which/that) I lent you isJoe\. Az a konpi amir6l az esszdmetirtam, The boohI wrotemy essn!on is veryboring. nag)/onunalmas. theward.robe. you ha.d. beenlnohing Az a kcrnpi amit kerestdl,a szekrdnymogott volt. Tltebooh ftr wat behind.
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Figyeterut
A kcit6sz6t nem hagyhatjuk el, ha azt a prepoz(ci6 megel6zi. Ebben az esetben azonban csak a ,rwhom" is a rrwhich" krit6sz6 haszndlhat6. A rrthat" ds a rrwho" nem! This is the woman abowtwhonoI'vc nlread.ytold.you. This is the boohabout which I told.you. Osszefoglalva tehiit, ha prepozici6 jdrul a kcit6sz6hoz, a kiivetkezi variici6k ldteznek: Tbis ^ the boohabowtwhich I want to talh. :fhis is the boohwhich I want t0 talh abowt. This is the bookthat I want to talh abowt. This is the boohI want to tolh about. (Ez a leggyakoribb vdltozat.) z. s6viro
MELLEKMONDAT
(Non-defining clause):
Ez a melldkmondat, "hogy az angol megnevezdsis mutatja, nem meghatdrozi af6mondat megdrtise szempontjiib6l. Akdr el is hagyhat6, hiszen akkor is teljesen vildgos, hogy a besz,el6kire vagy mire gondol. Val6jriban csak kib6viti a f6mondat drtelmdt. Mivel nem kdpez olyan szoros egysdget a f6mondat alanydval, mint a sziikit6 melldkmondat, vessz6vel tagoljuk 6ket. Figyelje meg a kiiltinbsiget a sziikit6 ds b6vit6 mellikmondatok kcizcitt! Az az orvos, aki ezt a kdnlvet frta, Nobel-dijat kapott. Dr. Smith, aki (egydbkdnt) ezt a konyvet (is) frta, Nobel-dijat kapott.
The dnctorwho wrote this boohgotn Nobelprize. Dr Swith, who wrote this book,got a Nobelprize.
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4,,
B5r Az els6 mondatban, ha csak az alanyt n6z,zilk, nem derill ki, hogy konkrdtan kir6l van sz6. Bdrmilyen orvosra gondolhatunk. A mdsodik mondat alanya azonban egy konkrit szemdly, a mellikmondat
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mdr csak adaldk informdci6val szolgril. Tehdt ha elhagyjuk, akkor is nrdjuk, hogy kir6l van sz6. A vessz6 haszniilatdt ds a kdtfajta melldkmondat kcizritti ktiLlcinbsdgeta kiivetkez6 p6lda illusztrdlja a legszembetiin6bben: My sisterwbo livesin Canaclagot m.arried'. Az a rr6vdrem, aki Kanaddban dl, ferjhez rner-rt. A n6vdrem, aki (eg,vdbkdnt)IQnad'iban 61,ferjhez menl My sister,wl'tolhtesin Canad.o,got rnarried. Az els6 mondat szerint t
$
piglelernt
l. A,,that" k<jt6szot itt nem haszndlhatjuk. 2. Akot1szavakat akkor sem hagyhatjuk el, ha azok targyi melldkmondatot vezetnek be, illewe ha prepozici6val dllnak. My sister,wlto you oko like,got married. My sister,wlto you alsoplayed.a lot with as a a cbild.,gotrnawied.. My sister,with whom you alsoplayed.n lot,got rnamied.. frwr nnp book,wbich I hapeako read.,is very exciting. Twr new booh,which I've alsobeard.a lot a best-seller abaut, has becom.e frwr new book,nbout wbich I've aho beard.a lot, bas becomen best-seller
A n6vdrem, akit te is kedvelsz,fbrjhez ment. A n6vdrem, akivel gyereld
Az rij konyved, amit mdr in is elolvastam, llaglron izgalmas. Az fj konyved, amir6l mdr 6n is sokat hallottam, best-sellerlett.
(D gprueUhasznos tudnival6k a Relative Clause-r6l: .Whose, where, why, when: Ezekrea kot6szavakra is irvinyesek a fenti szabdlyok. Figyelje meg haszn:ilatukat sztkit6 ds b6vi t6 mellikmondatokban! Sz(k(t6 mellikmondat: 6 ^" ^ ldny akinek a lakdsaledgett. F,z az a hely, ahol megismerkedtem vele. F,z az oka annak, hogy mdrges vagyok. Lz az 6u, amikor taldlkoztam vele, borzalmas volt.
This is thegirt whose flat bwrnt d.own. This is theplace (where)I wet her This is tlte reason(wby) I nrn angry. Theyear (when) I rnet her was tenible.
A,,whose" kivdtelivel, ezeket a kiit6szavakat is bizonyos esetekben elhagyhatjuk. B6vit6 melldkmondat: Monica, akinek kificamodott a tdrde, most otthon van. Monica, wltosehneehassprained'is nt hornenow. Velence,ahol megismerkedtemvele, nagyon romantikus. T7nice,whereI rnet het; is very rzrnantic.
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ReLnrvr cLAUSES
1999, amikor is talilkoztam vele, borzalmas dv volt. Ezt altizat, aminek a rulajdonosa most kiilfoldon van, le fbgj{k bontani
1999, when I ruet her;wasa terribleyenr. the ownerof whichis abroad'now,will This howse, bepulled.down.
Az ,,... of which" vonatkoz6 ndvmiist csak b6vft6 melldkmondatban haszndlhatjuk, termiszetesen akkor, ha a birtokos nem szemdly.A rrwhose" vonatkoz6 ndvmdssal utalhatunk mind dl6, mind pedig dlettelen dolgokra, 6s mindkit tipusri mellikmondatban haszn{lhatjuk. .\\rhat: A,,whaC'kcit6sz6t soha nem haszndlhatiuk a,,thaC' vW
a,,which" helyettesitis6re.
Figyelje meg! Everythi.ng that I bougbt waswseless. What I bought was wseless. I can't wndtntnnd.theword.that yut.havejust nid. what yowhavesaid.. I can't wnd.erstand,
Minclen- arnit vettem. haszndlhatadan volt. Az, amit vettem, haszndlhatadan volt. Nem drtem azt a sz6t, amit most mondtdl. Nem 6rtem- .amit mondtiil.
What = ,,the thing that", tehdt a ,rwhat" ktit6sz6 magriban foglalja azt a sz6t, ami a f6mondatb6l hirinyzik ds a rrthat" kot6sz6t. Vessz6t soha nem haszndlunk, mivel tulajdonkippen a rrwhat" is szfikit6 melldkmondatot vezet be. What yoa haveseenis behveenus. What he told.you is tru.e. Wat I toldyou abowtwasjust n lie. I can't believewhnt yowsaid..
Az. irmit Litt{l- kozttink marad. Amit nchcdmondott. igaz. Arnir6l nesiltcm neked,csakhazugsrigvolt. Nern tudom elhinni. amit mondtdl.
.Which: a) A ,,which" kot6sz6nak eddig csak az egyik haszndl,at{rr6lvolt sz6. Ezaz a l-relrq amit S'erekk6ntannyiraszerettem.
This is the olncewhich I lihed.soruwchnsa child.
Ebben a mondatban a ,rwhich" az egyik mondatriszre utal vissza. &) A kcivetkez6 mondatban azonban a ,,which" a f6mondat tartalmdnak eg€sz(revonatkozik. Ebben az esetben mindig haszndlunk vessz6t. Mindig kdslin jott haza, amit dn helytelenftettem. Az 6rdrnon dlland6anbeszdlt,ami egy kicsit idegesit6volt.
He ahvayscatnehornelote, which I d,isapprwed^ He hepttalhtng d.uring my leson,wbichwnsn btt irritatinn.
3 t
. A,,that" egyib haszndlata: A sz(kit6 mell6kmondatban az eddigiek alapjdn hasznrilhatjuk a ,,who/which/that" ktit6szavakat egyardnt. Azonban ha a f6mondatban sorszdmndv,hatdrozatlan szdmniv illewe ndvmds, vagy fels6fokir melldkndv iill, csak a,,thaC'kcit6szot hasznrilhatjuk, mig akkor is, ha szemilyre vonatkozik. Ez volt a harmadik palacsinta,arnit megettem. V:rn itt mdg valirrni mds is, amit meg kell csindlnod. O. a legvonz6bb ferfi, aki valaha is megkdrte a kezemel
Tbat wasthe third pancakethat I ate. elseherethat yow'llhaveto dn. Thereis snruething rna.nthat hasever He is the mosthand.sorne proposed. to me.
.A szenved6 szerkeznt'amondatokban a magyarban tdrgyi mellikmondatot, mig az angolban alanyi melldkmondatot haszndlunk. Ebb6l az kcivetkezik, hogy az angol mondatokban mindig ki kell tenni a kcit6sz6t. The housethnt is beingbwilt is my sister's.
Az ;-hirz, irrnit rnost ipitcnek, a testvdremd. (ami most dptil) Az a kon1v, amit elloptak, felbecsilhetetlen volt. (ami el lett lopva)
The boohttrtatwasstolenwasinvaluable.
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_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 'l
Make one sentence from two. lJse wholthatlwhich. Don't use comma. Kosse ossze a mondatokat a ,,who/that/which" vonatkozo ndvmisokkal! Ne haszn1lion vessz6t! l. Tl-rcrnan was my doctor. He gave me the key methekeywosmydoclor. Themonwhogave methekeywosmy doctor. 0r fhemanlhatgave 2.Tlte woman has been kidnapped.Shelivesnext door. 3. The building was pulled down. It was built 50 yearsago. 4. The restauranthas becn closed.It is on the corner. 5. The computer went wrong. I bought it last year. 6. The girl disappeared.She escapedfrom the hospital. 7 . The teacherwas dismissed.She smackeda child.
2 ln some of these sentencesyou don't need who or that. lf you don't need these words cross them out. Bizonyos mondatokban nem szIkseges a ,,who" vagy ,,that" vonatkoz6 ndvm6sokat haszndlni. H(tzza 6t azokat, amelyek feleslegesek! "thnl" in lhesentence is necessory l. The botde that is in the fridge is empry "lhnt" is nolnecessdty 2. The botde dmt you saw in the fridge is empry 3. Tl-rernan who you rnet yesterdayis my cousin. 4. The woman who gave me the book is very friendly 5. Can you fetch me the bag that you put on the tablef 6. The book that is on the sofa is not mine. 7.The children who are playing in the gardenare Jack'sfriends. B. The children who the burglars kidnapped are twins. 9. The document drat I lost was very important. 10. Tl're money that u,asin dre box had been put there by my grandmother. 3 Add the missing relative pronoun (wholthat, thatlwhich) where it rs necessary to use it. Eg6szitse ki a mondatokat a hianyzo vonatkoz6 nevm|ssal, de csak ahol feltetlenill szIksdg van r5! l. The purse O I lost had Ft2000 in it. 2. The skirt .. ..... you're wearingsuitsyou. 3. Thc doctor ....... livesin the houseis an eye specialist. 4. Tl-reflowcrs ....... your morher plantedarewonderful. 5. The street . ...... leadsto the squareis a one-waystreet. 6. The teacher ...... teachesmy son must be very strict. 7. The wornan you saw at the parfy is my aunt. B. The fruit .. ....... I havejust picked in the gardenis very delicious. 9. Tl-rechildren ....... attend this schoolarevery talented. 10. Tl-resuit ... ....... is in the shop-windowis very elegant. I I. Magazines..... write about pop stars'lives arevery popular with young people. 12. The book . ........ is lying on the tableis mine. 13. The man .. ...... was herelastweekhastravelledabroad. 14. The cake.. ...... my grandmothermadeis lovely 15. The students ....... you met at the schoolcanteenare very hard-working.
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Rimrvr cLAUSES
4 Completethe sentenceswith a relative clause.lJsethe sentencesin the box to makeyour relativec/auses.llse a relative pronoun where it is necessa ry. Egeszitseki a mondatokat egyielz6i mellekmondattal!Haszndljaa keretbentalilhato mondatokat! Csakott tegye ki a vonatkozo nevmast,ahol feltdtlenill szilksdgvan 16!
Some students cheatedat the exam. There are test-paperson your table. You met some workers in the trade ur"rionmeeting. A driver causedan accident.
I sent a parcel to them last week. Aunt Nancy had cooked dinner for them. The doctor prescribedsome medicinefor you. You gave me a book last week. There was a job advertisedin dre papers.
1. Have you ever seen ffiefilmthotisonW tonight? 2. Some students 3 . D o y o u r a k et h e p i l l s 4. The police have found the driver 5. Have they receivedthe parcel 6. The workers 7 . Wlll you correctall the test-papers B. Did they eatthe dinner 9. Sheilagot the job ... 10. I have alreadyread tl-rebook .
.... were expelledfrom school. . ' . . ' . . ' . . . .I .......... ? aren't satisfiedwith their wages' .. '. '...... ) ....... )
5 Complete these sente ncesusing a relative clausewith a preposition. Egeszitseki a mondatokat prepozicios jelz6i mel16kmondatokkal! My'son applied for a scholarship. You spoke to a woman at the parql We insist on only one d-ring. Shewas looking for a street. I had always dreamt of a house. l. Tlris is the book ltoldyouohout. 2. Do you happen to know the man 3. Did shefind the street 4. I have never seentl-regirl 5. This is the only thing . 6. I havebeenlooking for the pen ..... 7. Who wasthe woman 8. The reception
@
Judy is dancing widr a man. I was invitedto a reception. You are writing with a pen. Jack is sitting next to a girl.
8,
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..'.....' )
..'..' I ....... was horrible.
9. Unforrunatelymy son couldn't get the scholarship 10. I thoughtI managedto find the house 6 Completethe sentenceswith the given relativec/ausesthen decidewhich clauseis defining and which clauseis non-defining.Egeszitseki a mondatokat a megadott mellekmondatokkal, majd hatitrozza meg, hogy melyik melllkmondat sztikft6 es melyik b6vit6 6rteh1!
9lr
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whose windows were broken by some young thugs ... they look after ... rvhosehusbandis a politician ... where lovers get married in secret which is in London ... which is a BMW ...
... who is wearinga suit ... . . . the roof of which was repaired . . . ... who I and my husbandlook after ... ... who livesin Hollyr,vood... ... whereI grew up ... ... that I bought lastmonth ...
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JELZOIIT,ITITETMONDATOK
1. My brother Jack, whose wifeiso fomous oclress, knows a lot of film stars. Z.I've got five brothers. My brodrer .. has a private surgery 3. I've got four houses.The house .... facesBig Ben. 4. My mother, ......, is now in hospital. 5. The old lady ... is very rich. 6. The house ...... is not far from here. 7. GretnaGreen, ........, is a smallvillagein Scodand. B. Tl'reman .. .... is my teacherof Enelish. 9. His aullt, . ......, oftenvisitshim. I0. Tl-recar .... .. is alwaysbreakingdown. 1 1 . H e r c a r ). . . . . . . . . . . . ,i s i n t h e g a r a g ea g a i n . 12. My house, .., hasbeensold. 13. The mansion ........ was owned by our family for cenflrries. 7 Complete the senfences with a relative pronoun. Use who, which, whom, whose, where. Egeszitse ki a mondatokat a megadott vonatkozo ndvm1sokkal! I My nephew and niece, who aretwins, will start school next year. 2. Mozart, ....... opera we will listen to, is one of the world's greatestcomposers. 3. Nero, .... was a Roman emperor,liked poetry 4. Skiing, . . . ... is an expensivesport, can be very dangerous. 5. The Grand F{otel, we are going to stay,is a luxury hotel. 6. The Young Democrats,about ... .. I told you a lot, won the electionsin t99B in Hr,rngary 7. Jessica,with .. ....you were dancing all night, fell in love with you. 8. I haven'tseenJurassicPark,about ..... I havealreadyhearda lot. 8 Decide whether the relative c/auses are defining or non-defining, and use commas and relative pronouns accordingly. Dontse el, hogy a vonatkozo mell1kmondatok szfikitS vagy b6vit6 6ftelmfiek-e, 6s annak megfelel6en haszn;|ljon vessz6t, illetve vdlasszon kot6sz6t! I. The rneat lhst/ whkhI bought yesterday has gone off. (bothpossible;no cornruas) 2. The tree ...... standsin front of her house is blooming. 3. Your brother lim ...... I am sitting next to is very good at maths. 4. He is a famous scholar about .... many books have been written. 5. The woman ....... you spoketo in the street is my history reacher. 6. Backgarnmon ....... is an old game is very popularin dre Mediterraneancountries. 7. The headmasterof our school ....... is not a teacherby profes.sion is a very nice fellow B. Yeats ......got a Nobel prize was born in Irelandbut wrote in English. 9. The photos ....... the paparazzistook of the royal family were publishedin the tabloids. I0. Is therea shop ....... sellsstampsl 11. Oxford anclGmbridge universities ............... aretwo of the oldestuniversitiesin the world are often referred to as red brick universities. 12. What is the film you are watchingf 13. The building you are looking for has beenpulled down. 14. The parcel the mayor receivedyesterday had some explosivesin it. 15. He is a famous politician about many articleshave been written. 9ln some of these sentencesyou can use which or that; in others only which is possible. Alsoput commas where necessary.Egyes mondatokban haszn1lhatja mind a ,,which" mind a ,,that" vonatkoz6 n6vmdsokat, mdsokban csaka ,,which" lehetsdges!Tegyeki a vessz6t is, ahol sz?kseges! 1. The burglars entered the house rvid-rthe key that/ I which/ I lost in the department store. (both posible; no comrmas) 2. Jackhasn't read your lener , that I which/ he receivedyesterday (only wbich ispasible,cornma. is necessary) 3. My car which / that I got from my parents got damagedin a head-oncollision.
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Rrmrvr cLAUsEs 4. f'hc car which / that I saw in front of her house rvas a Ford Mondeo. 5. The Eardr "vl'richl rhat is the only planet of our solar systemwhere life exists is being destroved bv peopleday by day 6. f'hc watch which / that I got for my birthclay has been stolen. 7. Nl1,rvatch whlqhl-thai is a Rolex has stopped. B. Tl-relift which / that l-rasjust been repaired is out of order again. 9. Tl-risis tl-rebcst play which / that I have ever seen. 10. It rvasthe last dring which / that lve did. 'lO
ln some of thesesentencesyou can usewhoorthat; in othersonlywho is possible.Also put commas where necessary.Egyesmondatokban mind a ,,who", mind a ,,that" vonatkozo ndvmds allhat, mdsokban csak a ,,who" lehetseges.Tegyeki a vessz6ket is, ahol szilkseges!
1. Tl'rc r.vorkcrs whol / that/ built my house didn't do a good job. (bothpossiblelno cornmas) 2. My rvorkers, rvho/ / drat are working on a building construction , are well-qualified.(onlywhois possible,comtnais necesary) 3. Mv sister who / that you want to speakto doesn'twork in this school any longer. 4. Ti-repostman who / that dclivered dre letters yesterday is a new one. 5. Car-ryou sec dre people who / d-ratare standing in front of that shop-window) 6. His friends wl-ro i that I don't know vet are said to be influential people. 7. J1ll'sgrandmodrer who / that she is looking forward to seeing lives in the USA. B. I don't want to mcet the people who /that assaultedme. 9. Shc was dre most beautiful girl who / that I have ever met. 10. Shc was dre first girl who / that he fell in lovc rvith. 1 11 Use whose or of which. Also put commas where necessary.Haszndlja a ,,whose" vagy az ,,of which" vonatkozo nevm6sokat! Tegyeki a vessz6t,ahol szilksdgesl hohwoswhite.(no cornrnas) l. I met a rnan. His hair was white. I nelo manwhose arenecessary) 2.My fiither is very old. His hair is white. Myfother,whosehoirkwhite ,isvuyold.(cowwnas 3. This companv was opened rwenty yearsago. The owners of the company are Americans. Ifiis yeors ago.(cornrnas) emplny, lheowners of whithoreAmericons twenty , wosopened 4. Cirn \/ou seethe housel The windows of the house are open. hnyouseethehousewhosewindowsore open?(no commas) 5. Chris is dancing with a girl. Her parentsare very rich. 6. Jackuseshis parents'car.The tank of the car is never empty 7 .'Iom is always using my car. He never fills the tank of the car. 8. )essicir'sgrandparentslive in a small rented flat. Their big houseis let. 9. Her grandparcnts live in this small rented flat. The costs of the flat are low 10. Tirn wants to apply for admissionto a university The entranceexam of the university is very difficult. I I. I war-rtto go to Oxfbrd University The tutors of the university are said to be exccllent.
12 Use who or whom. Sometimes neither of them is necessary.Also put commas, where they are needed. Hasznaljaa ,,who" vagy ,,whom" vonatkoz6 ndvmdsokat! Egyes mondatokban egyiket sem kell haszndlni. Tegyeki a vesszdt, ahol szdksdges! l. The people @ you talked to in the street are very dangerous.(no nrnmas; nn relativepranownis necesan) 2. Jackand Jill , about whomlwrote to you , got injured in a car crash. 3. His friends ...... he was looking for left the country without telling him about it. 4. The teacher .......you hatedso much retired.
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15
JELZOIMELLEKMONDATOK
I alwavsthink a lot were respectablepeople. 5. Your parents of ..... .... I taught at school got well-paid jobs. 6. Tl-restudents most of you recommended. 7. I couldn't find the doctor I respectedso much was a very good pcdagogist. B. M.v English teacher I fell in love with at first sight married me. 9. Joc wcre caughtby the police were sentencedto eight yearsin prison. 10. The burglars all of . 13 Make one sentence from two using a relative clause.lJse preposition + whom and preposition + which. Ket mondatbol k6szftsenegyet! Haszndljaa prepozfci6s ,,whom" 6s ,,which" vonatkozo n6vm6sokat! l. Yesterclay I phoncd Sheila.I apologisedto her for my behaviour. formybehoviour. to whonI opologked Yesterdoy I phoned Sheilo, 2. Hc introduced me to his girlfriend. He had beengoing out with her for a couple of months. 3. His ftneral was on Friday Only a few peoplecameto the funeral. His funeral 4. Tl-resespecialingredientsare rather expensive.Youhavcto makedrc c'akefrorn thesespecialingredienrs. Thcsc specialingredients 5. Or,rrholiday startson Ist July We are looking fonvard to our holiday Our holiday 6. This is a guide book on Crete. From this book you can get a lot of useful information.
l4Write sentenceswith alt of I most of + whom /which. irjon mondatokataz,,allof / most of" + ,,whomlwhich" szerkezetekkel! 1. This sllrrunerI readthreebooks.All of them werevery exciting. veryexciting. This summer I readthree books, ollofwhkhwere hasfour degrees.AII of them areuniversitydegrees. 2. Jacl< 3. Sheilahasfive children.All of them are secondaryschoolstudents.
+.Her
neighbour has a lot of flats. Most of them are let.
5 .I met four new membersin the meetins. All of them are over 30. 6 . We invited a lot of people. Most of them were our colleagues. 7. The children bought five ice-creams.They ate up all of them very quicldir B .Our parents have a lot of friends. Most of them are famous people. 9 . Carolehas got a lot of relatives.Most of them live abroad. I 0 . Elisabeth writes plenty of books. Most of them are published by the Universiry Press. 15 Use that or what. lf the sentence ,s complete with or without that write (that) - in the gaps. Haszndljaa ,,that" vagy a ,,what" vonatkozo n6vm6sokat! Ha a mondat ,,that" vonatkozo ndvmlssal vagy andlkIl is teljes, akkor azt a kovetkez6kdppen iel6lie: (that) - ! L. All dre things (lhot)-you do are a failure. 2. Whotlhate is getting up early . . . . . you mean by that. 3. I don't understand ..... you haveiust said. 4. I don't understanddre word
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RgmrrvrcLAUsEs catnetrue. 5. Everything............ I had expected .... th.y expectedof me was too much. 6. ..... ..... he told you that nightf 7. Can you rememberthe thing . .... he told you that night) B. Can you remember... . they wanted. 9. I couldn't give my children everything I0. I can'tbelieve ....... you say I can to passmy exams. I i. I'll do the best . . 12. I'll do .... ..... I can to help him to give up drugs. ...... I havegot. 13. I can't give you any more money It's all ....... I had. 14. I drinl
A
B
' I couldn't take part in dre race. Tom and Sarahhave a two-week old baby Matthew put me up. The lift was out of order The weatherwas bad. We oaid three hundred drousand forints for ihis ten-year-oldToyota Corolla. My purse was stolen at dre railway station
It wasa piry It meantwe hadto climbthe stairs. ft-ril/as-affioymg. It meansthey can't go out. It was very kind of him. It meant I had to borrow money to be able to go home. We didn't expect it becausethe weather forecastsaid it would'be good. It was quite reasonable
queslions ).. lheolwoys osked stupid , whkhwoslnnoying. A
ki a helyesmegold6st!Csakegy lehet18 Choosethe correctanswer.Only one is correct.V1lassza s6gesj6 vdlaszvan. I. Tl"retracksuits A) which vou ordered C) who you ordered 2. Julia is someone A) whom I used to work with C) with who I used to work
.. . havearrived. B) , which you ordered, D) , that you ordered,
B) who I used to work with D) whom I used to work
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1
JeuorvrllErMoNDAToK 3. The man .. wants to talk to you. A) that is waiting in the corridor B) is waiting in the corridor C) , who is waiting in the corridor, D) which is waiting in the corridor 4. The house ...... is my sister's. A) whose walls are yellow C) , dre walls of which are yellow,
B) the walls of which are yellow D) , whose walls are yellow,
5. I cannot sendyou the samples A) only'which'is right C) only'that'is right
you askedfor. B) which I that I D) only'-'is right
6 My car .... is a Fiat Uno. A) whose consumption is low C) , the consumption of which is low,
B) the consumption of which is low D) which of consumption is low
7. Thesearethe issues. A) , which C) , that
..... I'd like to address. B) what D) -
8. The dring that I don't understand is why she is here. The underlined part can be replacedby: A) All what B) The only what C) What D) Everything what '19
Translatethe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat!
l. Az a hdz, amit az utca vigdn fehijftanak, tcibb mint sziz 6ves. 2. A szomszidunk hdza, amit most ipp fehijitanak, elad6. 3. A bdrydm, aki fogorvos, hd.rom 6veozvegy. 4. Az a b:itydm, aki kiilfoldon dolgozik, a mrilt hiten vett egy lakdst. 5. Jessie,akivel mdr te is tal{lkoztdl, holnap irkezik Budapestre. 6. A vonat, aminek nyolckor van az induldsi ideje, fdl 6rdt kdsik. 7. Az Orient Express, aminek hdd
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RrnrrvE cLAUSES 31. Az olyan aut6, aminek fdb6l kdsziil a mriszerfala,luxusaut6nak szdrnit. 32. Az ahiz, aminek pirosra van festvea kapuja,kiad6. 33. Azok a rdszvdnyek,amelyeknekazara az ut6bbi id6ben lezuhant,most olcs6n felvdsdrolhat6k. 34. A Parlamenr, aminek a kupoldj:it most renovdljdk, Magyarorszd.gegyik legszebbdpiilete. 35. Iddn nigy olyan filmet ldtt'am, amelyek mindegyikdt Thrantino rendezte. 36. Jacksok pdnzt keres,aminek a nagy reszdta felesige kolti el. 37. Ma tiz olyan tigyfdllel taldlkoztam, akik koztil mindegyik panasztakart tenni. 38. Iddn nydron sok konyvet olvastam, amik koziil a legtobb a mdsodik vildgh'ibonir6l sz6k. 39. Szerintemmdr mindent elmondtam, amit tudni akartdl. 40. El fog magyardzninekedmindent, amit nem drtesz. 41. Nem igazin drtem, hogy mit (rtesz ez alatt. 42. Hogyba nem sp6rolunk, elkolriink minden filldrt, amit keresilnk. 43. Id6ben meg fogjuk tudni, mit vdrnakel t6liink. 44. Meg fogunk tudni mindent, amir6l rudnunk kell. 45. Minden, amit mond, hazugsdg. 46. Az vagv,amit eszel. 47. Amit csindlniakarsz,az kiptelensdg. 48. Bdrmi, amit teszel,csakront a helyzeten. 49. Mindent odaadott neked,amit csakakartdl. 50. Odaadtaneked,amit nrdott. Tobbet mdr nem vdrhatszt6le. 51. Alland6an hiilyesdgeketkirdez, ami idegesit6. 52. Sohanem drti meg mit mondok, ami bosszant6. 53. Soha nem hallgat a sziileire, ami elkeserit6. 54. Thnuldsndlkiil teszi le a vizsgdit,ami hiheteden. 55. A n6vdremadott kolcsonszizezerforintot, ami rendesvolt t6le.
n
F
A
Th
Th
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Iel
Md
Al,
/ (
I
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194
CLAUSES PURPOSE
crlHnrARozol VITUTKMONDATOK A cilhatdroz6i mell6kmondatoknak kit f6 tipusa l6tezik. Mds-mds kiit6szot haszndlunk, ha a f6mondat is a melldkmondat alanya megegyezik, illetve, ha kii{cinbcizik. I. KOT6SZAVAI(
AZONOS AI.ANY ESET6N:
to so as to/so as not to in order to
...(az€rt),hosy... )
Figyelje meg! Allit,is: Elrnegyek a bankba, hogv vegyek fel egy kis p6nzt. (En rnegyekel. . ., hogl' dn vegyek fel. . . )
I'mgoing to the banh to withd.rawszrnen40ne!.
Bekapcsoltaa TV-t, hogy meghallgassa a hireket. (O kapcsoltabe..., hogy 6 hallgassa meg...)
He switchedon the W soas to ltistento the naps.
Kenrdnyendolgoznrnk, hogy tobb pdnzt keressiink. (Mi dolgoztunk..., hogy mi keressiink...)
hard.in ord.erto eztvwrnlre rnzney. W worhed.
Tagadds: Tagadrisesetin dltaliban a ..so as not to" sz,erkezntethaszndljrik. Nem eszem ddessiget, nehogy elhizzak. 2. KOTOSZAVAK KULONBOZO ... so that ... will/can ... ... in order that ... will/can ...
I don't ea.tnveetsso a.snot to get fat.
AI,{.NY ESETEN: ) )
@zdrt),hogy...
|elen idej(i f6mondat esetdn, a melldkmondatban a,,will" lvary a,,carr" segidigdt hasznrfljuk. ... so that ... would/could ... ) ... in order that ... would/could ... )
... 1"rU".), hogy...
Mrilt idejfi f6mondat esetdn, a mellikmondatban
a ,,would" vagy rrcould" seg6dig6t hasznriljuk.
Ailit,irt irok neki levelet, hogy tudja hol vagyok. (dn irok..., hogy 6 tudja...)
I'rn utriting a letter to hirn so thot / in wder that he will hnontwhereI arn.
Adunk neked egy kis pdnzt, hogy rudjdl kenyeretvenni. (mi adunk.. ., hogy te nrdjdl.. . )
We'llgiveyou slme mlney so thnt f in order tltat you can buysowebrend.
Irtam neki levelet,hogy tudja hol vagyok. (6n frtam..., hogy 6 tudja...)
I nryotea letter n hirn so that / in wder that he would lznon,wltereI was.
195
cLAUsEs Punposr so thot / in mder Adrunk neked egy kis p€nzt, hogy tudjril kenyeret venni. W gnve yla sllne Tnoney brend' buy sorne thnt you coald. (mi adtunk..., hogy te tudjril...) Thgadds: A mellikmondatban
szerepl6 segddige tagad6 alakjdt kell hasznrilni.
El fogj:ik vinni a kulcsot, hogy ne tudjak megszokni. Felkapcsoltuka villanl't, hogy ne feljenek a sotdtben.
3. KOT6SZAVAKAZONOS
ES KULONBOZ6
Theywill tahe the heyso that I ca.n't esca.Pe. W tumed.on the light so that thry wtaldn't beafrnid. in the d.arh.
AI,ANY ESETEN:
... for fear that... will/can, would/could - att6l tartvdn, hogy ... lest sy should do sth - nehogy valaki valamit csin:iljon Att6l tarwa, hogy torcitt tivegre l6p, felvette a papucsdt. Felvettem a papucsomat,nehogy tcirott iivegre l6pjek. An6l tarwa, hogy a gyerekek nem tudnak elaludni, lehalkitotta a TV-t. Lelralkitotta a TV-t, nehogy a gyerekekfelibredjenek.
He put on hisslippers forfeor thnt hewould steponsomebrohenglass. I pwt on rny slipperslest I should.step0n sz?ne brohenglass. could'nntfall aslrep,he Fwfyar that the chil.d.ren turned.the W d.own. He tumedthe W dnwnlest the childrenshoaW wnhe u0.
tL-
(9 Ep.uef tudnival6k a c6lhatriroz6i melldkmondatokr6l: = . El6fordnl, hogy azonos alany esetin is a ,,so that / in order that'' kiit6sz6thaszn{ljik. Ez f6kdnt akkor jellemz6, ha a melldkmondat kdpessdget fejezki, vagy ha a melldkmondatban tagad6 formiit haszndlunk. Kordn jottem haza, hogy meg tudjam n(zni a kedvenc sorozatomat.
a) I're cornehomeearly to beoble to see my favourite sna'prpera'. b) I've corneltorneeaily so that I can see rnyfavourite soapopera..
Siettem, hogy ne kdssekel az el6addsr6l.
o) I hunied so a.snot to be lnte for the lectwre. b) I hunied so tha.t I wauld'n't belatefor the lecture.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Usea sentencefrom Box A and a sentencefrom Box B to makea new sentence.Useto I in order to I so as to. Atlftsonosszemondatokataz A 6s B keretbentalSlhatotagmondatokbol! Haszndljaa to / in order to / so as to szerkezeteket! A Vffi<e. I opened the window We left earliz Sue goesjogging every dair You have to phone the ticket office. jack went to bed.
B She would like to lose weight. We wanted to get to the station in time. You want to book tickets for tomorrow He wanted to have a rest. ffi. I wanted to get some fresh air.
196
4L t
CtHnrnnozor rrrrLlErvoruoarox t . Wewent to lhelsketo cutch fish. some 2. 3. ^ T. 5. 6. 2 Complete the sentencesusing to + a suitable verb. Egeszltseki a mondatokat a ,,to"-val 6s egy odail16 igevel! 1. I hired a car loheoblerc move around the city easily 2.The studentswent to the library .. the necessarybooks for their essay 3. The bandits paid some money to the witness .. him keep quiet. 4. The villagers built dams themselvesagainstthe floods. 5. We gave our children some small presentsfor every good mark them to study harder. 6. The company launchedan advertisingcampaign...... .. more products. 7 . Our father doessome overtime ...... extra money 8. The school invites social workers regr.rlarly students about the harmfi.rl effectsof drugs. 9. We savedup some money abroadfor our holiday I0. Their children got a dog . to take responsibiliryfor something. 11. I took a painkiller ... my pain. 12. Last night I didn't have time my favouritesoapopera. 13. We didn't have dre opportunity at universitlz 14. Are you hungryf I can prepare something 15. They didn't have enough money 16. I need a psychologist.... .. about my problems.Otherwise I will go mad. 17. I need a few weeks from my ilLness. 18. Mr and Mrs Hudson are giving a party on Saturday their wedding anniversary 3 Complete the sentences with so as not to + a suitable word. Egeszitse ki a mondatokat a ,,so as not to" szerkezettel 6s egy megfelel6 igdvel! I. He went into dre room on tiptoe soasnoltowokeup the children who were sleeping. 2. I tried to be tactful her. You know how sensitiveshe is. 3. I paid backall my debts ..... money ro anyone. 4. We didn't want to speak about grandma's death in front of the children 5. She gave up sweets weight. 6. He took a taxi . ..,.... late.
. them sad.
4 Use a sentence from Box A and a sentencefrom Box B to make a new sentence. Use so that, in order that. Kosseosszea keretben tal1lhato mondatokat! Haszndljaa ,,so that / in order that" kot6szavakat! A My husband could have lunch the next day Nobody would seeus together. We won't meet James.
@
He stood up. She will hide the keys. Let's leavenow The teacherwas very attentive. I cooked everything in the evening. We left the room at different times.
@
Everybody could seehim well. The studentswouldn't cheat. He can't leaveher.
quicUy L I shutthewindow solhotmyponotcouldn'l fly oul.
2 a J
A T.
5. 6. 7.
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PunposecLAUSES
in order to + a suitable verb' 5 Completethe sentence with so that I in order that or to I so as to I I so as to I in order to" Egeszitseki a mondatokat a ,,so that / in oder that" kotdszavakkal vagy ,,to -val + egy megfelel6 ig6vel! L. Could you send me some photos sothotlcanshow thcm to my parents? 0snolllreveolhimself. 2. The bJrglar put black rto&itrgr on his l'readso wouldn't be bored. he ...... . book 3. I gavehim a good buy the suit that wc saw in the shop-windowl could ..we 4. He lent us solnelnoncy ...... ' " English' 5. We took uP a course ' " lluckingl]am Palace' E'gland ,u"r-ti to 6. They ' ... his son can buy ;.t in his savingsaccolrnt money of Z. He depositsa ceriain alnount flat when he graduatesfrom the university " " that nice sofa' B. I withdrew somc money from the bank ' everybodywill seeit. 9. She will put the messageon the noticeboard his rvife can take them to dre poor' I0. Ted is gathering his old clothes that" kot1szoval a 6 Writesenfences with so that. Follow the example.irion mondatokat a ,,so pelda alapiSn! I. I slowed down. I didn't want to be dre first to arrive' belhefirsttoonive' down sothotlwouldn'l I slowed and a wig. He didn't u'ant anybody to recognisehim' mousrache 2. He wore a false
9
3. Sheturned down the radio. She didn't want to wake her husbandup' 4. The man spoke very loudly FIe wanted evcrybody to hear his votce. I didr-r'twant the FBI to follow me' 5. I accelerated. 6. Don't be late. I want to be able to start dre lectureon time' 7. Sl-redrew the curtains. She didn't want the neighbours to seewhat she was doing' g. He switchecloff his mobile. He didn't want anybodyto disturb him.
7 Writesentenceswith for fear that.... irion mondatokata ,,for fear that'.." szerkezettel! I. He lcft homevervearlyHe didn't want anybodyto seehim' him. see would Heleftveryeorlyforfearthutsomebody Shedidn't want anybodyto assaulther at night' bag. her in spray a gas had always 2. She 3. Tiacy ran to the bus stop. She didn't want to miss the bus' Tl-reydidn't want their Parentsto find drem' 4. The childrcn hicl the video cassettes. their house' 5. Thev haclbarsput on tl-reirwindows. They didn't want anybody to breakinto : anybody to stealit' 6. Mr and Mrs Barnespaid a big amount of insuranceon their car.They didn't want
z a a
T.Ieannever swarl in the lake.Shedidn't wa.ntto catchany infection. B. Iack has never travelledby ship. He is afraid thrrt it will sink.
a
3 a 1 J
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CriHnrnnozotH,lELLernroruonror SWrite sentenceswith ,,lest ... should". irjon mondatokat a,,lest ... should" szerkezettel! L Shc did everythingher bosswanted her to do. Sl-redidn't want to lose her job. Shedideverything herboswonledherto do lestsheshouldloseheriob. 2. Sallynever tclls anydring to her colleaguesabout her privatc lifc. Shc cloesn'twant anybodyto misusedre information........... 3. ]ack neverboastedabout his fornrne. He didn't want anybodyto be enviousof l-rim. 4. Shc kccpsa gun irt home. Sl-redidn't $/ant anybodyto brc:rkir-rtoher flat. 5. I didn't tell m1,l-rusbandabout my illness.I didn't want him to get depressed. 6. I rvasrvhispcring.I didn't want anvboc-ly to hear what I was saying. 7. I never excecd the speed limit. I don't want the nolicc to finc mc. B. We never gamble . We don't want to lclsemoncy
9 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! l. Ejjcl-nappaldolgozott, hogy tartani tudja a hatdrid6t. 2. Tom rninden nap futni ment, hogy fitten tartsamagdt. 3. Ftlkapcsolruka ldmpdt, hogy ldssunka sotdtben. 4. Elmentem az on oshoz, hogy kideritsem, midrt fij dlltrnd6ana fejem. 5. A ldnyom beiratkozort egy tanfolyamra, hogy megtanulja l'raszndlnia szcivegszerkeszt6t. 6. Pr6b{lt halkan beszdlni,hogy ne dbresszefel a fdrjdt. 7. Trr-ritfogtak, hogv ne kissdk Ie a Glasgorv-baindul6 vonatot. 8. Eloltotta a cigarettdjdt,hogy ne zavarjaa tobbieket. 9. Liz azdrt nem be.szdlta sziileineka rosszjegyeir6l,hogy ne keseritseel 6ket. 10. Becsuktamaz ablakot az{rt,hogy a gyerekekrneg r1efizzanak. 11. A sziileinkkemdnyendolgoztak, hogy mindig legyenmit enniink. 12. A szobatdrsamoziba ment) hogy pdr 6rdra egyediil maradhassanak. 13. Az&t ment egyetemre,hogy a sztileimeg legvenekveleeldgedve. 14. Holnap foglalok a didksz{ll6banszobdt,hogy a venddgeinktudjanakhol aludni. 15. Jor'5re a g)'erekeinldcelmegviink nyaralni, hogy lddrassdka tengert. 16. Ilekapcsolvahagyta a mobiljdt azdrr,hogy bdrki el nrdja drni. 17. Eldugta az aj{r-rddkokat azdrt,hogy a gyerekekne taldljdkmeg. 18. Letorolte a pisztolyt, hogy a rend6rok ne taldljdkmeg rajta az ujjlenyomatait. 19. Majd hagyok egy iizenetet az asztalon,hogy Jack tudja, hol tart6zkodom. 20. A nagyi hoh-rapahn{s pitdt fog stitni, hogy oromctszr-rezzr-rla gyerekeknek. 21. Torolte a titkos adatokat a szdrntit6g6pb6l, hogy senki ne ferhessenhozz6. 22. Lckapcsoltaa villany't,l-rogysp6roljon az irammal. 23. Felhagvottaz ddesdggel,hogy ne hizzon el. 24. Azokrt a didkokirt, akik puskiiznak, ki fogjdk mgni az!.rt, hogy pdlddt dllitsanak. 25. Nagybet(rld<el irt a tibldra, hogy mindenki el nrdja olvasni. 26. Az iigyvdd rneg fogja mlltatni a vide6felvdrekaz6.rt,hogy vdgremindenki higgyen neki. 27. Mindent el fog kcivetni, hogy senki ne rudja megcdfolli, amit dllit. 28. An6l felve,hog1,valaki felisrneri,dlszakdlltds par6kdtviselt. 29. Att6l tartva) hogy kovetik, rdldpett agizra. 30. Ugy viselkedett,mint bdrki mds, nehogy valakigyanrit fogjon, mire is kisziil val6jdban. 31. Mindig betartom a szabdlyokat,nehogy a rend6r megbiintessen. 32. Att6l tartva, hogy megtdmadj{k,mindig tartott mag'indlcgy pisztolyt. 33. Lefekvdsel6tt mindig bekapcsoltaa riaszt6t,irtt6l tartva,hogy valaki betor a hizba. 34. Miel6tt hazament,mindig elv(geztea munkdjdt,nehogy kirfrgjdk. 35. Nern rnert moccani se, nehogy a betor6k meghalljdk,hogy 6 is a hdzbanvan.
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INVERSION SZOREND FORD1TOTT Bizonyos hatrirozok utdn forditoft aztz kdrd6 sz6rendet haszn{lunk. Ez csak abben az esetben van igy, ha a hatdroz6sz6t vagy ahatirozit kiemeljiik a mondat legelejdre. Figyelje meg! Egyenessz6rend: IIe went home onl! nfter the lesson.
Csakaz 6ra utdn ment haza.
Forditott sz6rend: Onl! afrer thr lessond.M hego home. Egyenessz6rend: I hnpe neperseena wbale.
M6g sohasemldttam bdlndt.
Forditott sz6rend: Never have I seena whnle. Tovdbbi hatriroz6k 6s hat{roz6sz.rl,kz I. Hardly ever - alig, ritkrln Scarcely ever - alig, ritkin I hard.lywer meetbirn. Hordly wer d.oI meet him. I scarcelyeversltenhto him Scarcely wer do I spenb to birn.
Alig taldlkozom vele. Alig beszilekvele. 2. Hardly ... when - alighogy Scarcely ... when - alighogy No sooner ... than - alighogy
Tbey hnd,hard'ly enteredthe roornwhen they switchedon the TV Hnrd.ly had they entered the roovnwhen theyswitched'on the TV They had.scarcelygot married' when theygot d.irorced.. Scarcelyhad theygot rnarryied'when theygot d:htorced.. They had.n0 sllner amived.hornethan they started quanelling. No soanzr had they arryived'hometltan they started.qunn'elling.
Alighogy beldptek a szobdba, m{ris bekapcsoltdk a TV-t.
Alighogy osszehdzasodtak,mdr el is vdltak.
Alighogy haza6rtek,mdris veszekednikezdtek.
3.ln lunder no circumstances - semmifdle kciriiLlminyek koziitt In no way - semmikippen On no condition - semmifdle feltdtel mellett, semmikdppen On no account - semmikdPPen Semmifele kortilminyek kcizott sem fogok elkoltozni.
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I won't rnwe in any circurnstances. In no circumstances will I rnwe.
Fonofron szoREND I won't resign in any wa.y. In no woy will I resign. Iwon't Innpebirn w, a"rrydtcu/nt f on atcycm"d'ition. On m anotm.t / on nn condition will I lrme bim.
Semmikipp sem fogok felmondani. Semmikippen sem fogom elhagyni. 4. Neither / nor... - sem S o . . .- i s
f haryen'tbeento Australia. Neither hope L / Nor bave I. I lipe in Wszprim. So do I.
Mdg nem voltam Ausztrdlidbat. ftt t.to. f,n Veszprimben6lek. f,n is. 5. Not till / until... - addig ... nem, am(g ... nem
He didn't realize thnt hispurse wosstolen until hewantedtopny. Not till he wanted.to I)d'y,d'M he renlize that hispurse wasstolen.
Nem vette dszre,hogy elloptdk a p6nztl,rc6riit, amfg fizeuri nem akart.
6. Never - soha I have neperbeento Nap frrh. Nwer hape I bem to New frrh.
Mdg sohasemjdrtam New Yorkban. 7. Not only ... but also - nemcsak ..., hanem ... is
He d.oesn'tonly shoutwith heqbut he aho beats ber aP. Not only d.oeshe shout with berybut he also beatsber uP.
Nemcsak kiabdl vele, de meg is veri.
8. Nowhere - sehol I didn't f.nd rnyPurse nnlwhere. Nowhere did I frnd ny purse.
Sehol sem taldltam a p(nztircdmat. 9. Only by - csak a ... dltal
He wasable toget into the houseonly by breahing the wind.ow. Only by breahing tbe wind.owwos he able to get into the howse.
Csak az ablakot betorve tudott belutni ahizba.
10. Only in this way - csak ily m6don, csakigy W can rneetonly in this way. Only in this way ca.n pe lneet.
Csakigy tudunk taldlkozni.
Il. Only then/when.../after... - csak aztin I amikor... f azlut{n, hogy.:. W leamt what bad.happenedonly whenwe met again. Only whm we rnet again, did. we leorn whnt hnd.happened.
Csak amikor rijra taldlkozrunk, tudruk meg, hogy mi tortdnt.
$ Pigyetemt Ha az 'oily'' azt jelenti, hog'y rregyediil", nem pedig ,rcsak", akkor nem hasznrilhatunk forditott sz6rendet akkor sem, ha a mondat elejin rfll. Only Peter saw how the accident happened^
Egyediil Pdter ldtta hogy tortint a baleset.
201
lruvrnstot t 12. Seldom - ritkdn Rarely - ritkdn meetswcltan olclman. W can rarely / seld.owt Seld.ornf rarely ca,nu2emeet swchan.old.man.
futk{n taldlkozhatunk ilyen oreg emberrel. 13. Litde - kicsit, keveset, nem nagyon
Little d.i.d.I und.erstnnd wbat had happened..
Nem nagyon drtettem, hogy mi tortdnt. f4. As - ahogy, ak{rcsak A
En is angolt kezdtemtanulni, akdrcsaka n6verem. (ahogv 5 is tette)
I sta.rted.learu.ingEnglish as d.id.rny sistet'.
15. So + melldkndv - ilyen, olyan (ha a,,be" ig6vel dll) He wnssoslow that nerybody wertoohhizn'. him. overtooh Soslow was he, that eaerybodry
Olvan lassrivolt, hogy mindenki megel6zte.
16. Such : Csak akkor haszndlhatunk forditott sz6rendet vele, ha a ,,such" a ,,be" igivel onrill6an 6ll. felentdse: olyan nagy Swcltwas the storvn that the roofsof tLteltowses got rlesnoyed..
Olyan nagy volt a vihar, hogy a hdzak tetejc rnegror-rgdl6dott. L7 .,,IP' elhagyrisakor Ha itt lcnndnek,segitendnek. Ha segitettekvolna, megmenekiiltek volna. Ha netdn telefondl-na, mondd, hogy nem drek rd!
If theywerehere,theywould helpws. Werethey here, they woltld.help us. If theyhad.helped.thern, theywould.haueaca.ped'. Had they helpedthem, theywowldbaveacaped.. If he showldphone, tell hirn that I'tn tied.up. Should hephone, tell him.that I'ru tied wp.
- FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Changethe word order by putting the underlinedpaft to the beginning of the sentence.Use inversion. Vdltoztassameg a szorendet ugy, hogy az al1huzott rdszt a mondat elej6reteszi! Hasz' ndljon fordftott sz6rendet! t. Tedhashardlyevercaughtsucha big fish. Hardly everhosTod cought such o higfhh. 2. Shchad hardly enteredthe room when the phonerang. 3. We had scarcel)'finishedbuilding our housewhen a tornado came and destroyedit. 4. He had no soollc! crossedthe road than a mad driver knocl<eddown dre passers-by 5. I seldom makc such a dclicious chocolatecake 6. Tcrencchas scarcelyever spokento rnc. 7. They rarely play so well. B. We have never eaten sr,rchbad scrirmbledeggs.
202
FonolronszoREND 9. Tl-reydo not onl), threaten him, but they also beat him up' 10. He didn't realizethat his wig had fallen offuntil he got home. 11. I couldn't find him annvhere. (nowhere) 12. He could enter his house only by breakingdre window. 13. You mustn't touch that wire on anv accottnt.(on no account) 14. I won't bctray him on anv condition. (on no condition) 15. He was able to reachwhat he wanted onl)' in this way. 16. He sarvrhar he had spilled cofFeeon his shirt only when he looked into the mirror' 17. He didn't really understandmy intention. (Litde...) 18. He left home only after he had closedall the windows' 19. The demand for the new product was so big that the company decidcd to produce more. 20. Her husbandwas so angry that she got frightened. 21r.If I were you, I wouldn't teasehim. (no ,,if') 22.If I should arrivelate, don't rvait for me. 23.If I had not got there in time, drey wouldn't have startedthe meeting. 24. I wouldn't get involved under any circumstances. 2 Choose the most suitable words in italics. Crossout the wrong answers. V6lasszaki a helyes megold1st! A helytelent h(tzza 6t! such a wonderful bride. l. Nwer hare I seen/ +W-htw*m 2. She promised shewowld.nwer g0 theref neverwould.shego there. 3 . Sothi fnods wered.evastating/ Sodevastatingwerethefl.oodsdrat all the houses had to be.pulled d:*: 4. Only iphenthe children hat e wohenup / O"ly whenhow the child.renwohenwp can we switch on the TV 5. No sooner had I arrived home when/tbnn my husbandgot home too. you missf Shouldyow miss the train, give me a ring. 6. If showld. 7 . Suchwa.sthe stnnnf Suchthe stzr7nwas that treesfell down. what the text was about. und'erstand. B. Onlv bv listenine to it twice could.I und.erstand. f I cowld. Fnowthe solutionf hnowsthe soluti'on. 9. Onlv Kate d.oes that he had come back. I0. Nor until I met him d.id.I beliepe/ I belieped. 1 1. Hardly had I said good-bye to one of my relativeswhenf than I met another one. only after checking it rwice. 12. I hand.edin ruy test-pa.per / Did. I hand.in rny test-Pa.per 3 Make one sentence from two. IJse scarcely / hardly or no sooner and inversion. The conjunction word is given! tn the main clausedon't forget to use past perfect. Kdt mondatbol keizitsen egyet. Hasindlja a ,,scarcely/ hardly" vagy a ,,no sooner" kifeiezdseketes forditott sz6rendet! A kot6sz6 mdr adott! Ne felEtse el a fdmondatot Past Perfect-be tenni! l. I left the house.It startedto sno\M to snow. than it starled hadI leftlhehouse Nosooner It exploded. l'ris car. out of 2. Jacksongot
203
Iruvtnstor.r 3. He put down the receiver.The phone rang again. 4. She went to bed. There was a knock on the door. 5. Tim killed the fly Another one flew onto his nose. 6. He startedhis car.A policemanstoppedhim. 7.The client left the office. Another one entered. than
B .We switched the TV on. The picture went blank. when
9 . I finished cleaning the floor. My children spilt some milk on it. I O ,I switchedon my mobile. It went dead. when
4 Completethe sentenceswith a suitableword or phrase.Egeszitseki a mondatokategy megfele16szovalvagy kifejezdssel/ 1. Scarcelyhodrhe rohhers entued thebonk when the policearrivedand caughtthem. 2. In no circumstances can 3. In no way .. 4. Not until the sun rose 5. Litde did ... 6. Rarely 7. On no account 8. Hardly 9. Only when . 10. Should
....... while they arewriting the test-paper. ..... takeresponsibiliry for the damage. . where we were, .. what he meanr by that. ... such a good film in the cinema. the club if you are not a member. when a Ford bumped into the back of my car. d.idwe realisethat the fabric of the back seatwas torn. on the lottery, I would buy a flat for my son.
5 Rewrite each senfence so that it contains the words in capitals and so that the meaning staysthe sarne. Alakftsa 6t ugy a mondatokat, hogy tartalmazzdk a nagybetfivel megadott szavakat, de a
jelentes?kne v6ltozzon! l. Had I gonethere,I would havebeenbeatenup. lf I hodgone there, I would hove heen beoten up. 2. As soonashe had stoppedat the traffrclights the carstalled.
SOONER
3. So big were the waves that the sailing boarsoverturned.
SUCH
4. That letter mustn't be sent under any circumstances.
NO
5. I noticed that I had lost my purse only when I wanted to pay at the check-out.
NOT LINTIL
6. She could not really seethe point of this exercise.
LITTLE
7 . Jacknever regretted going to college instead of university
AI NO TIME
8. The children were too tired to finish the rour.
SO
9. We realisedthat the walls were damp only when we moved into the flat.
DID WE
IF
8
10. I haverarely made such bad Christmaspudding.
204
EVER
FonolronszoREND
6 Where canyou useinversion?Changethe word order of the senfence,if you can. Melyik mondatot tehetforditott sz6rendbetenni? Vdltoztassameg a sz6rendet,ahol ez lehetseges! l. Only Sheilaknew about our plan. notpossihle 2. Wecould solvethe problemonly with Sheila.Possible wesolve theproblen. could ilnlywithSheilo 3. He could get rid of tinned fish only by reducingthe price' 4. Only Jameswas able to escape. 5. He could rescuethe girl only with a kiss of life. 6. They could enter the club only by showing their membership card. 7.Tom was the only man who could do somethingfor us. B. He could get the ignition key that he had left in the car only after breaking the window 9. The only thing he could do was cancelthe meeting. 10. His only daughter wanted to live abroad.
7 Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning staysthe same. Alakftsaat Igy a mondatokat, hogy a megadott kifejezdsekkelkezdi, de a ielentds ne vdltozzon! L. As soon as I had put my head on the pillow the doorbell rang. rong. thonthedoorhell No sooner hodI putny heidon thepiltow 2. We first met our grandparentsonly when we travelled to America' Only when 3. I had had my car repaired but I crashedit again. No sooner 4. I switchedon dre computer but there was a Power cut and it stopped. Scarcely 5. If he was to get the promotion wl-ratwould you sayf Was........... 6. You can't usually seethis kind of animal in this part of the world. Seldom...... 7.I reahzedthat I had overslept only when the phone rang. Not until B. He doesn'r have ro say anything about the crime until he has consulted his lawyer. Only after 9. You can seeHaley's Commet again only if you live to be a hundred. Only if 10. No journalists were allowed to take part in the wedding ceremony of the famous stars. On no 8 Reacfto the sentences.Always agree and use the personalpronouns or nouns given. Reagdliona mon' datokra! Mindig lftsen egyet a beszel6vel,6s haszn6ljaa megadott szemelyesn6vmdsokat 6s szavakat! dol./ Nordol. I. I don't want to go to the funeral. (I) Neither 2. He went to the cinemayesterday(she) Sodidshe. 3. They will enterthe race.(*")........... 4. )ack hasseenthat film. (I) ............. 5. Tim hasnever been abroad. (Sue) 6. We are going to travel abroad. (th.y)
205
INVERSION
7. Jackknows dre island well. iJim) B. We don't know what to do. (we) .......... 9. She wor-r'tresign.(I) 10. Hc can't do it alone. (shc)
I1. I hadl't beenunfaithfulto him beforcwc gor married.(h") ........... 12. Joewanted to go out. (I) 13. Thel'are very angry (we) 14. Mv son didn't like spinachrvhen he was a child. (my daughtcr) I5. Mv husbanddoesn'teat mear. (the children) 16. I could spcakRussianwell. (hc) 17. I arn not satisfiedwith the results.(I) 18. They rvon't acceptdre proposal.(we) 19. Youseemcdto be happy (you) 20. I haveto catchup widr the othcrs.(I) . . ....... 9 Translatefhe sentences. Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. Sohtrsemvoltam kdpesmcgdrteni,mit szereretrabbana fick6bar-r. 2. Sohasemldtnrnk rndg ehhezhasonl6t. 3. Sohasemfogod megtudni, rni is tortdnt val6jdban. 4. Aligha taldlkozhataz ember ilyen kivril6 szcmd\,is{ggs1. 5. Aligha ldtharunkkurydt macskiivirlbar{d
206
FonoirorrszoREND 40. Csak rengeteg gyakorldssaltanulhatod meg ^z angol nyelvtant' 41. Csak (rgy tudja megoldani ezr.a neb€zfeladatot, ha segftsdgetkdr: 42. Csak fgy rudjuk megvenni a lakdst, ha kolcsont vesziink fel a bankt6l. 43. Csakakkor ldtta mi tortdnt a lakdsdval,amikor hazadrt. 44. Csak azurdn drtette rneg, hogy mennyire fontos voltdl a szim:ira, amikor m{r clhagytad 6t' 45. Csak akkor tudjdk j6 dron eladni az aut6t, ha megjavittatj{k. 46. Csakald
207
EMPHASIS, CLEFT SENTENCES ( l t i s . . . t h a t ,w h a t . . . a l l . . . )
NYOMATETOS|TAS, KIEMELES Az angolban, akiircsak a magyarban, bizonyos mondatriszeket hangsriLlyosabbritehetiink. A krivetkez6 szerkezeteket haszndlhatj uk hangsulyo zisr a. I. IT ISAMAS ... THAT/WHO Figyelje meg!
(cleft sentence) = ... aiL/ volt az, aki/ ami...
Alapmondat: Tim lost his d.ocuments^testerd.a"v.
Tim tegnap elvesztetteaz ffatait. HangsriLlyosmondatok: Tim volt az, aki elvesztetteaziratait tegnap. O volt az, aki elvesztetteaziratait. Tegnap volt, hogy Tim elvesztetteaz iratait. Az iratait veszterreel Tim tegnap.
$
It It It It
was Tim who lost his d.ocwments yesterdny. was he who lost his d.ocurnents. wasyestwd.ay thnt Tim lost his d.ocurnents. was his d,ocumentsthat Tin-tlostyesterd.ay.
rigyelemt Ahogy a p6ldrik mutatj{k, rz,,It is/was..." sz,erkezntutdn a szem6lyes ndvmris alanyesetben dll, kivive egyes szdm els6 szemdlyben. A mondat elejdn akkor is az ,rlt is / was..." szerkezetet haszndljuk, ha azwtina kcivetkez6 szo tcibbes sziimot k(vitnna meg. Az rrlt is /was" szerkezntvary ^r,who" vagy a ,rthad'kcit6szavakkal dllhat, de bizonyos esetekben a ,rwhen" ds ,rwhere" krit6szavakkal is el6fordulhat. It is I / me wlto...,It isyowwlto..., It wnswewho...,It wastheywho...,It is the d.ocurnents that..., It wnsthe docurnents that... Bizonyos esetekben az,,It...
who /that'' szprkezet:illhat m6dbeli segddigikkel is.
Figyelje meg! A ldnya lehet az, aki mellett iil. Biztosan a n6vire volt az, akit ldttdl vele. Ez biztosan nem ugyanaz a konyv, amit tegnap olvasott.
It rnoy be his d.nughterwlto he is sining next t0. It mast hopebeenbissisterwltoyowsawwith him. It can't be the sarneboohtltat be read yesterday.
2. THrS rSnMAS... / THAT rS/WAS...= EzlA.zvolt az, ami... Ez minden. amit tehetek. Ez az egyetlendolog, amit irtek. Ez volt az ahdz, amit meg akartunk venni.
Tbat's oll I can d.o. This is the only tblng (that) I und.erstand. This was the house(that) we wanted.to buy.
DE! Ha a ,rthis is", ,rthat is" szerkezetet nem kilveti valamilyen konkrdt dolog, akkor a,,what" kcit6sz6t hasznriljuk. Ez az, amit in nem irtek. Ez az, amit dn nem rudndk megcsindlni. Ez az. amit 6 nem szeret.
This is whot I don't understond.. That is wltat I cowld.n'td.o. This is what he d.oesn'tkke.
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NvotrrnrerosirAs, urvElrs 3. WHAI...
= Az ami... / Ami...
Arni most fontos, az az,hogy mindenki biztonsdgbanvan. Amit nem szeretekbenne,az az,hogy mindig elk6sik. Amit most el fogok mondani neked, titok. Amit soha nem hagyhatszki, az a rendszerestorna. Amit ]ack tett, ^z az volt, hogy nyiwa hagyta az aj6t.
is safe. What is iruportant now is that everybody Wbnt I dnn't li.heabouthimis that he is always late. What I'rngoing to tell you now is c,secret. What yow ca,nncper rnissis regwlar exercise. Whot Jach d.i.d.was leave the d.oortpen.
4. AI-L... = Csak a... / Mindaz atllt... Csak szerelemrevan szilksdgem. Nem csindlszm'ist, csak panaszkodsz. Nem akar mdst, csak egy j6t aludni az €jjel. Csak annyit tehetsz, hogy figyelsz.
All All All All
I need.is love. yow dn is complain. he wants is agood night\ sleep. yoa can d.ois listen.
5. Alanyemelds A melldkmondat alanyrit a mondat elejire tesszii'k is a tagmondatokat fi6ndvi igeneves szerkezettel kritjiiLk cissze. Val6szinrilegrneg fogja drteni.
It is lihely thot he will understand.it. IIe is lihely to wnd.erstand. it. It is certain that he will com.ebonce. He is certain to comehorne. It sennsthat wdve h* our way. Wesenn to ltaye lost owr way. It is sad that she\ expectinga baby. Sheis sod to be expectinga baby.
Biztos,hogy hazajon. Ugy tfuik, eltdvedti.ink. Azt mondjdk, kisbabdt vdr.
6. Tdrgyemelis A mondat tirgyit a mondat elej6rehelyezziik.Altaliban mellikneves szerkezetekkelfordul el6. A nimet nyelvet neh|z megtanulni.
It is d.ifi.cub to leam Germon. German is d.fficwlt to lenm. It wasdifficuh to und.erstand. Davi.d.. DavM wasd'ifi.cub to und.erstand.. It is ensyto dnnce with Tbrn. Tbrn is ea.syto d.ancewith. It won't be eary to ltersuad.ePeter. Peter wodt be eary to persuad.e.
Ddvidot nehdz volt megirteni. Tommal konnyi tdncolni. Pdtert nem lesz konnpi meggy6zni.
7. Az i,llitmilny nyomatdkositdsa liltaldban egyszeriijelen ds egysrrr$mult segidigikkel.
id6ben haszndlunk nyomatdkositiist a DO vagy a DID
Figyelje meg! Gyere csak be! Ulj csakle! Tdnyleg nagyon remdlem, hogy holnap mdr hazamegy Tdnyleg tetszik a konyved.
Do cornein! Do sit dnwn! I do hopethnt he will go hometomnrrow. I d.olihe yowrbooh.
209
CLEFTSENTENCES TMPHASIS,
t d,id.like the f.Im. nerytbing. I clid.wnderstand.
Tdnylcg tetszett a film. Tdnvleg megirtettem mindent.
8. Very - mondatriszek kiemeldsdre: pontosan, ippen, maga a I n a [n the pe?)/centre of the town At the ve?llsa.m.e ruoruent The very fact was also reassu.ring.
A v'iros kell6s kozepin Eppen ugyanabban a pillanatban Mdr maga a tdny is megnyugtat6 volt.
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Emphasizethe underlinedpart of the sentence.IJseCleft sentence.Emeljeki a mondat al1huzott rdszdt!Haszn1ljaaz ,,lt is... / lt was" szerkezetet! l. Jimmywent to the librarythe day beforeiresterda),. yuterday thotlinmywent tothelihrary. It wusthedayhefore 2. Uncleloe died in a car crashthreeyearsago. 3. The children sot verv sad after thev had heard the news. 4. She didn't let him borrow their car. 5. We will sign the contracts tomorro\M 6. Your colleazucmisht be talkine to his brother. It might be 7. He must be disappointedabout dre refusalof his application. 8. A virus must have destroyedthe programme. I t m u s th a v e. . . . . . . . . . 9. The championshipwill take placein Madrid. I0. I should go on a diet because! am overweight.
a 2 Substitutewhat with a concretenoun so that the new sentencernakessense.Helyettesitse ,,what" vonatkozon1vmdstegy konkrdtf6ndvvelugy, hogy az uj mondat is {rtelmes legyen! 1. That'swhat I havebeenlooking for. (that) Thot's looking for. theploce I hovebeen 2. That's what she has always wanted to do.
3. That's what I don't understand. 4. Th'.'rt'swhat I would like to see. 5. That'swhat shelikes.......... 6. This is what nobody knows 7. This is what I wanted to tell you. .......... 8. This is what we need. 9. This is what I havealwaysdreamt of. ............. I0. That'swl'ratJeanwould like to bry............
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rrevrLEs NvovnrErosiras. 3 Usea clausefrom Box A and a clausefrom Box B to makea sentence.Kosseosszea mondatreszeketugy, hogy irtelmes mondatokat alkossanak! A
\alhat-shre-#ates What annoysme What is important norv What irritateshim What he lovesabout this town What I've alwayswanted to do What shehated as a child What I did after the parry
B rs not to lose our temPer. is havea swim in the ocean. was going to school. was give him my address. is that it is so peaceful. ivgetting.rrp-earl1z is that his wife is always late. is violence.
l . Whut shehotes k getting upeorly. 2. 1
A
a-
q
6. 7.
B 4 Useyour own ideas to finish the sentences. Fejezzebe a mondatokat! l. All I want to do is frove0 reslinmy ornchoir. 2. All he does is 3. A-llhe canremember.............. 4. All we haveachieved .............. 5 . A l l I w a n tt o s a y . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. All you need is 7 . A l l s h ec a nd o i s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. All we would like to get............ 9. All we did was I0. All he promised 5 Put the subject of the clause to the beginning of the sentence. Tegyea mell6kmondat alany1t a f6mondat elejdre! ]. It is certain that he will come to the ceremonv Heiscertoin lo come to lheceremony. 2. It is certainthat everybodywill get the certificate. Everybody 3. It is likely that the witness will tell us everything. The wiuress 4. It is likely drat we will win the race. We............ 5. It is not likely that the professorwill acceptyour essay Tl-reprofessor..........,... 6. It seemsthat your wife is not satisfiedr.vith the new flat. Your wife doesn't 7. It seemsthat they have lost their way They......... B. It seemsthat our teacheris in a very good mood. Our teacher
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cLEFrSENTENcES EH,tpHnsts,
6 Put the object of the sentenceto the front. Tegyea mondat t6rgy6t a mondat eleiere! iseosy tolearn. l. It is easyto learnEnglish. English them.They.......... 2. It's difiicultto understand 3 . It's difficult to reach him. He It's expensiveto maintain a car.A car ......... D . It is pleasantto speak to Vince. Vince 6 . It won't be easyto talk about the problem.The problem.............. 7 . It isn'tcheapto keepa dog. A dog........... 8 . It is eniovableto dancewith her.She............
7 Make the underlined part more emphatic with very. Tegyeaz al6h0zott rdszt hangshlyosabb6a ,,very"sz6val! l. Weknew how the film would end at the beginningof the film. of thefiln. Weknew howthefilmwould endat theveryheginning 2. Thev could understandthe storv onlv at the end of it. 3. The familv lived in the centreof the city. 4. The burglars left dre house at the next moment. 5. He hit back in the sameminute. 6. Jack met his friends the next day. 7. I didn't say anything else but the truth.
8 Translatethe sentences.Fordftsa le a mondatokat! l. Jackaz, aki a balesetdrtfelel6s. 2. A csapatszurkol6i azok, akik megrongriljdka leldt6kat. 3. A v{llalat vezet6i voltak azok, akik cs6dbejuttatt:ik a ciget. 4. A bardtaid azok, akik hazudnak neked. 5. Egy forr6 nydri estevolt) hogy el6szor megldttam 6t. 6. Holnap lesz a napja annak, hogy az otodik hrizassdgidvfordul6jukat i.inneplik. 7. Ma van a napja annak, hogy a bizonyitdkot a nyilvdnossdgrahozzik. 8. A hdzassdgaaz, ami tonkretette az €letdt. 9. A rcdl ti,rgyak azok, amik j6l mennek neki. I0. Tegnap volt, hogy el6szor vacsordznihivott. I l. A vagyona volt az, ami olyan vonz6vd tette szdmira a firfit. 12. Ez az, amit tehetek drted. 13. Ez az, amit mondani akart neked. 14. Ez az. amit6l tartott. 15. Ez vok az, amit el akart drni az iletben. 16. Ez voLtaz, amit a zsarol6k kclveteltek. 17. Ez vok az, ami felkeltette az 6rdeld6ddsit. 18. Ez minden. amit adhatokneki. 19. Ez minden, amit tudok err6l az iigyr6l. 20. Ez minden, amit eldmlt nekik. 2L Ez volt minden, amit eldrt. 22. Ez volt minden. amit err6l a tim:ir6l el tudott mondani. 23. Minden, amit tesz, csupdn feleslegeser6feszitds. 24. Minden, amibe belefogsz, kudarcba fullad. 25. Minden, amit mond, csupdni.iresbeszdd.
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I
UEMELEs NvovnrErosiTns, 26. Amit tenni akarok, az az, hogy felhivom telefonon. 27 . Amit nem igaz{n 6rtek, az az, hogy fordulhatott hozzid segftsdgirt. 28. Biztosanmeg fog jelenni. 29. Btztosul meg fognak id6ben drkezni. 30. Biztosan meg fognak tdged hivni. 3L Biztosan el fogjdk fogadni a javaslatunkat. 32. Yal6szinri,hogy meg fogjdk 6rteni a problimdnkat. 33. Val6szinri,hogy jelenteni f"gJdk azigyer a rend6rsdgen. 34. Yaloszin(t,hogy v6rks6,gdijat fognak kcivetelni a tiszirt. 35. Nem val6szinri, hogy elirik a vonatot. 36. Nem nagyon val6szinfi, hogy meg fogunk egyezni. 37. Nem val6szfn6, hogy az el6adrispontosan kezd6dik. 38. A fiad boldognak trinik. 39. Nem trinsz rul eldgedettnek. 40 9W tffnik, nem ismer fel tiged. 41. Ugy rrinik, tul sokat ivott. 42. A szovegszerkeszt6t nem neh6zhaszndlni. 43. A kinaiakar neh6zmegirteni, ha angolul beszdlnek. 44. 5ketkonnpi becsapni. 45. Nagy aut6t koltsdgesfenntartani. 46. Az el6addslegelejin el kellett hagynom a termet. 47. Afilm legvdgin deriilt ki, hogy a f6h6s is csakegy szellemvolt. 48. A koldus az utca kell6s kozeoin iilt.
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E M B E D D EQDU E S T I O N S (Where/why/whodo you think...?) KERDESEK BEAGYAZOTT Abeigyazatt kdrdds k6t kiilonrill6 kdrdds dtviizete. F;zrk az fgynevezett ,,Mit gondolsz...)", ,,Mit mondtdl... )" tipusti kirdisek. Figyelje meg! Mit gondolszl Hol dolgozikf Mit mondtdlf Hol doleozikl
What doyou think? Wheredoeshe work? he worh? What did yowsny?Whered.oes
A magyar nyelvben a kdt kdrdSmondatot ktinnyen egy mondattri alakithatjuk, hiszen csak egymds melli kell tenni 6ket. Az angolban azonban a mdsodik mondat kdrd6szava keriil el6re, 6s a f6monda' tot kcivet6en a melldkmondat egyenes sz6rendben lesz. Ha a f6mondat mult idej(i, akkor - akdrcsak fiigg6 beszddben - a mellikmondat igeidejdt is m6dositani kell. Mit gondolsz, hol dolgozikl Mit mondtdl, hol dolgozikl
Where d'oyou thivth he worhs? Where d,id.you say he worlud.?
A mai angolban a ,,do you think" a mondat vigdre is keriilhet. Ilyenkor mindkdt tagmondatban kird6 sz6rendet haszndlunk. Ki fog megldtogatni minket, mit gondolszl Hol dolgozik, mit gondolszf Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit
gondolsz,hi a batdtn6jeI gondolsz, miirt nem beszdl veledf gondol, rniitn vagy munkan6lki.ili) gondolt, horri fogunk menni) gondolt:Ltol<,rn'irita.vdrunk rdtokf mondtdl, mennyi id6s? mondtdl, milyen gyakran tal{lkoztokf
Who is comingt0 seeus)d.oyow thinh? Where d.oeslte n orlc, d.oyow thinh.? Who d.oyow tbinh hisgirlfriend. is? Wby d.oyow tbinh he d.oesn'tspeakto yow? he thinh you.hnvebeenwnernployed? IIow long d.oes go? Where d.id.be thinh we wowhl. How long did.you thinh we bad beenwaiting for vow? Ifow old. d.id.yowsaybe was? How often d.id.yow sayyow met?
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Make one sentencefrom two. A k6t kdrddsbdl6llitsonosszeegyet ugy,hogy a ielentesne vdltozzon! ). What do you think) How long hashe beenunemployedl unemployed? Howlongdoyouthinkhehosbeen 2. What doeshe say)Why is he goingto resignl 3. What doesyour mother think) Where did you spendthe night yesterday) 4. What doesyour bosssuggestfWhat should you dof 5. What do your friends thinkl How much money hasTom won? 6. What do his colleaguesrecommend)How should shegct dre promotion? 7. What does Julie sayf Which car doesshewant to buy)
214
BrlcyazorrrEnoEsrr B .What does your sister think) llow many times a week will I propose to her) 9 . What do you thinkl How often do I go abroadl 1 0 .What doesyour father believe)Why don't you speakto himf 2 Make one sentencefrom two. A kdt kdrddsb6l1llftsonosszeegyet ugy,hogy a jelent{sne v1ltozzon! l. What did your colleaguethink) l{ow manystudentsdid the headmaster faill your How monystudents did colleogue thinktheheodnoster hodfoiled? 2. Whatdid he sayl How long hashe beengoingout with your sisterf 3. What did your wife drink) Where rvereyouf 4. What did you say) Why did you leaveherl 5. What did Iane savf When will she be backl 6. What did her boyfriend sayf How often doeshe go to the publ 7. What did the bosssayf How will he postponesigning the contractl B. Wl'rat did you believef Who will I tell your secrettol 9. What did he think) How will he be ableto cope with the problem) 10. What did she sayl Which flat does she want to move intof I l. What did you sayl Who broke into your housel
3 Transform the questions into embedded questions. Alakitsa6t a kdrddseketbedgyazott k6rddsekk6! I. How old is he? Howolddid she believe hewas? 2. Wl-rcrrcan we get together to discussa few things| . . . . . . .d o y o u t h i n k 3. How long has he beenlearninglapanese) . . . . . . . d i d s h et h i n k 4. How many times does he have to tell her that he loves herl do you think 5. What time does the next train to London leave? . . . . . . .d i d h e s a y 6. Where haveyou been) . . . . . . .d i c th e b e l i e v e 7. How ofter-rdid he go ruming before the accidentl . . . . . . .d o e sh e s a y 8. Which bus stop do we have to get offat) . . . . . . .d i d t h e b u s - d r i v esra y 9. Why did you tell her the trudrl . . . . . . .d i d s h et h i n k . . . 10. What will he say when he realisesthat he has been deceivedl did she believe
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............:............
- Bracvazon rinoEser EMeeoeo euESTroNS ki a mondatotegy odaill6 kerd6szoval! 4 Completethe sentenceswith a suitablequestion-word.Egdszitse I . lllhotdo you think he likes doing in his free timel 2. did he say he had seenat the sceneof the robberyf 3. did you say you went swimming a week? +.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
do your parentssay you can stay in the discof does your daughter say she is going to learn after the secondarygrammar schoolf does your doctor suggestyou should spend your summer holidayf do you think my son isl does she think her husband staysout late in the eveningsf ... did he believeyou werel did he say he had been made redundantf
5 Useyour own idea to finish the sentences.Egdszitseki a mondatokat! corfron? L Wheredid he sayfiehodgothisnew 2.Who did vousavvouwould
? ..............
3. How long doeshe say he will
8. How did he think he could ......... 9 . W h i c hh o u s ed o y o u t h i n k . . . . . . . . . 10. What kind of flowerdo you think she
....................into) ) ..................
Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! 1. Mit gondolt, h:iny ives vagyokf 2. Mit gondolsz, mikor fog felmondanif 3. Mit mondtdl, hdnyszor jdrtiL mir a Kozel-Keleten) 4. Mit gondolsz, mi6ta jdrok egyiitt Zsuzsiva.ll 5. Mit gondoltak, mit fogok mondani, ha kideriil az igazsdgl 6. Mit mondtdl, kivel mentil moziba tegnapl 7. Mit gondoltok, hdnyszor fogom elmagyarinni ugyanazt az egyenletetf 8. Mit hittek, mi6rt nem mentiink el a bulijukba? 9. Mit gondoltdl, milyen aut6t fogok venni) 10. Mit hitt a fdrjed, rneddig fogod trirni a felreldpiseitl 11. Mit mondott a bizottsdg, hdnyszor fogj,ik mig elutasftani a kdrelmiinketf 12. Mit gondolsz, mivel fogok Marokk6ba utazni) 13. Mit mondasz, hdnyan fognak riszt venni a versenyen) 14. Mit gondoltdl, kivel fogunk egyuttmrikodni| 15. Mit mondtdl, melyik ruhdt kdne felvennemf 16. Mit gondolsz,ki van a vonalban) L7. Mir gondolsz, miirt nem hivtalak eddigl IB. Mit gondolsz,hogy n{z ki Sharonrij bardtja) 19. Mit mondtak, mikor fognak megirkeznif 20. Mit hisznek, hdnyan ldthattdk a balesetet? 21. Mit gondolsz,kinek mondtam el a tcirtdnetetf 22. Mit mondasz, melyik nyelvtanfolyamra iratkozzam beI 23. Mit gondolt, kivel besz6lgettem,amig6 a mosd6ban voltf 24. Mir mondtdl, mennyit fizettl| a lakdsdrtl 25. Mit mondtak, mennyit fognak k6rni az aut6irtf 26. Mit hittdl, miirt adtam neki hirszezerforintotl 27. Mir gondolt'ak, ki vagyok dn) 28. Mit mondanak, midrt nem akarnakdolgoznil 29. Mit javasolsz,kivel kellene lakdst bdrelneml 30. Mit tandcsolnak,kihez forduljak seg(tsdgdrt)
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TAGS QUESTION TTROES ,,UGYE'' A.z ,,ugye" kirdisek kifejezese: I. Kijelent6 mondat + tagad6 utdkirdds (A f6mondat igeidejinek megfelel6 segddigivel.)
(+)
|
(-)
You have got a flat,
haven't youf
She is married,
isn't she)
You love school,
don't youf
They are working now
aren't theyf
She went home,
didn't shef
You were swimming,
weren't youl
They have left,
haven't they?
You will come soon,
won't you)
We can meet then,
can't wel
You must work hard,
mustn't youl
You should do it,
shouldn't you)
I'd better go now,
hadn't I|
2. Tagad6 mondat + rfllit6 ut6kdrdis (A ffimondat igeidejdnek megfelel6 segidigivel.) (-)
(+)
You haven't got a flat,
have youl
She isn't married,
is she|
You don't love school
do you)
They aren't working now,
are theyl
She didn't go home,
did shef
You weren't swimming,
were youl
They haven't [eft,
have theyl
You won't come soon
will you)
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rRcs Quesrron We can't rneet drem,
can we ?
Yon rnustn't work hard,
must you)
You shouldn't do it,
should youl
I'd better not hurt him,
had Il
3. Rendhagy6 esetek I'm a good cook,
aren't Il
I'm not a good cook,
arn If
Close the door, Don't closethe door,
will you| will youl
Let's have a drink,
shall wel
Evervbody saw it, Somebodvhas taken it, Nobody likes l-rim,
didn't theyf haven't theyf do theyl
Nothing was O.K. with it,
was itl
He said he would be late, FIe said,
didn't hel didn't he that he would be late.
4. Allit6 mondat + 6llit6 ut6kdrdds / Thgad6 mondat + tagad6 ut6kirdds I(fejezheti, hogl az illitisomban biztos vagyok, 6s ezt szeretndm nyomatdkosftani. Tovribbri kifejezhet meglepettsiget, aggodalmat, drdekl6ddst, agresszivitdst is. Maga az, aki a cdget kdpviseli, igazl Azt gondolod, hogy most minden rendbenvan, igaz)
hu ore thepersonwlto representsthef.rrn, areyow? hu think nerything is nll right, d.oyow?
Sz6valnem rnondodmeg azigazat.
hu won't tell me the tru.th.won't you?
5. A hangsulynakszintdn jelent6s-megkti{
Tq I khe it too.
\ __.._
He d.oesn'tseemto be hrppy, d.oeshe?
No, he is very sad.ind.eed.
B) Hr az ut6kdrdisnil felfeli visszii'ka hangsfLlyt , az val6di kirdist fejezl
No, it isn't. I
hu bnpen'tbeenshoppingtod.ay,hoveyoa?
No,I haven't.
218
,,Ucve"rEno6s 6. FIa szivessdgetvagy inform{ci6t kiriink, mindig tagad6 mondatot haszniilunk pozitiv ut6kirddssel. Ilyen esetben a hangsullt mindig felvissziik. t
Tnt bat'ctt't got a telelthottecarr{,,have you?
Ts, hereyou are.
hu rlon'tlpnntto cotne,tith *i;6
Wby not?
_ FELADATOK EXERCISES 1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences. Tegyenegy utok1rddst a mondatok veg6re! L You can't help me rvith my English homework, conyou? 2. lbur brotherwasexpelledfrom schoollastweek, ..............) 3 . S h eh a sn e v e rb c e na b r o a c l ..............) 4. We irregoing to win drc match, ........) .......? 5 . I a m s u p p o s c tdo b e d r e r ea t 6 o ' c l o c k .). . . . . . 6 . J a c kd i d n ' tm a r r yd r a tw o m a q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. 7 . F { er v o n ' tb e a n g r yi f I a m l a t e ,. . ............f B . I s l - r o u l d nb' ot t h e ra b o u ti t , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. .......1 9. He couldn'tswim when he wasyounger)....... 10. Alr'.r is usedto living alone, ............) 11. Pcterusedto piay the pianoverywell, . ........I 12. Don't speakto me like that, . .......I 1 3 . I - e t ' sh a v ea d r i n k , .....,....f 14. Sornebodt'has lorockedat the door, .........1 15. Everybodvwassatisfied with the results, ..............) 1 6 .I a m n o t t o l e r a n t. ,. . . . . ........| 1 7 .S h u tt h ed o o r , ..............1 1 8 . H e w o u l d n ' ta g r e ew i t h f r € , . . ...........f ...........1 19. Youhad nevcrbecntherebeforewe met) 2 0 . D o n ' tb e s o r u d e , ...........1 2 1 " I m a y n o t s m o k eh e r e ,. ........| 2 Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. Olvassa el a szitulciot, es irjon egy mondatot a megfelel6 utokdrd€ssel! suitme,does it? I. You are trying on a hat. But you don't like it. What do you say) (suit) lt doesn't 2. The rveadreris very hot and you suggesthaving a drink somewhere.What do you sayl (lct, drink) 3. Yor.rcookedsomething for dinner but your husbanddidn't want to eat it. What do you sayf (like) 4. You went to the theatre widr your friend but you didn't like the play at all. (bad) 5. The weatheris very chilly and you can seethat your friend is shivering.What do you sayf (you, c o l d ). . . . . . . . . polite) ...... 6. You went to a shop where the servicewas very bad. What do you sayl (shop assistants, 7. Your friend is slimmer than she was when you last saw her. What do you sayl (loseweight) ....... B. You meet a friend of yours who is running to the bus stop. What do you say) (get up late again)
219
- ,,UGYE" TAGs K€RDES Quesrtoru 3 ln the following situation you are asking people to do things for you or you are asking for information. What do you say? Make negative sentences with positive tags. A kovetkez6 szitu6ci6kban szivess{get illetve informdciot ker.irjon a szitu1ci6nak megfelel6 negativ mondatokat pozitiv utokerddssel! you? got0 t;lmerl,hove youhoven'l l. You need a carnera.PerhapsTom has got one. Tom, 2. You need a telephonecard. PerhapsLiz hasgot one. 3. You arelooking for your teacherof Engtish. PerhapsJason,your classmate,knows where sheis. Ask him. ) a s o n y, o u . . . . . . . . . . . 4. You need a ruler. PerhapsTim has got one. Ask him. 5. You are looking for your glasses.PerhapsJudy has seenthem. Ask her. 6. You need some help. PerhapsJill can help you. Ask her. 4 Translatethe sentences.Forditsa le a mondatokat! jdrsz futni, ugyel' 1. Te rendszeresen 2. Jackmost dpp az:,ujl
220
ARTf CLES(the, alan)
ruEvr16r
Hatiirozott ndvel6 - THE Hatirozott
n6vel6t haszndlunk:
l. Osztrilyt jelcil6 f6nevek el6tt (dllatok, taldlmdnyok, pinznem): Tbe li.onis tbe hing of the nnirnals. When wasthe bicycleinvented? Thepound.is tlte cumencyof the UI(.
Az oroszlin az dllatok kirdlya. Mikor taldltdk fel a bicilditf A font az Egyesiilt Kirdlysdg pdnzneme. 2. Sorszdmnevek el6tt:
time that we have rnet. This is the second. He was the last to aryipe and. tbe fi'rst to leave.
Ez a mdsodik alkalom, hogy taldlkozunk. 6 d.k.r.tt utoljiira, ds 6 ment el els6k6nt. 3. EgyediiLldll6 dolgok elStt: the sun, the moon
He has nlwnyswanted.t0 xet t0 the rnoon.
Mindig is el akart jutni a holdra. 4. A ,,play the..." kifeje#sben (hangszerekel6tt): play the violin, pla.y tbeguitary play the t?urnpet
I have beenplaying the pia.nofor fwe years.
Ot ive zongorizom. 5. Fels6fold melliknevek el6tt:
He was the besttencher. I had.the mostfriend;. He bad.the mnstinteresting story.
6 volt a legjobb tandr. Nekem volt a legtobb bardtom. Neki volt a legirdekesebb tortdnete.
(DE! mostpeople/ rnostboohs f mostca.r/ Most peoplelihePeter.Most = SOk, rnostexciting / most interesting / ,nlst bnring. Most = nagyon)
Mostpeoplelihe living here. His storywa; rnostinteresting.
Sok ember szeret itt ilni. Az 6 tortdnete nagyon irdekes volt.
6. The + mellikn6v (bizonyos tdrsadalmi csoportok, rdtegek kifejezesdre): az oregek a fiaralok az id6sod6k a betegek
the old. theyoung the eld.erly the sich
a szegdnyek a gazdagok a fogyatikosok a halottak
theptoor the rich tbe disabled. the d.eod
a hajliktalanok a munkanilkiiliek a sebesij{tek
the horneless the wnemphyed. the iniwred.
7.The * nemzetisig (ndpcsoport kifeje#sire): a francidk az angolok a hollandok
the bench the English the Dwtch
a britek az irek a walesiek
the British the Irish the Wkh
221
a spanyolok
the Spnnhh
Anrcles (Del a Frenchynan/ an.Engtishwnrnnn/ on Irishrnaa stb. Tehdt egyesszdmban mdr nem dllhatnak ondll6an. Ez nern vonaticozlk a,the Britistrt" 6,sa rrtlte Spanisb"nemzetisig nevekre. Egyes szdmuk: ,,a Brit" 6s ,ra Spaniard.tt.) a kinaiak
tbe Chinese
a portugdlok
the Portuguese
ajapdnok
theJapanese
(Az -esevdgri nernzetisdgnevekkel hasznrilhatjvk az a fan hatirozadan ndvel6t: a Portugwese f a Japnnese. De ilyen a tlte Swiss- a svdjciak,a Swiss- egy sv:ijci is!) az olaszok (the) Italions egv olasz
an ltalian
az amerikaiak (the) Arnericans egy amerikai an Ancerican
a sk6tok egy sk6t
(the) Scots a Scot
(Az -an v6gri nemzetisig neveket tehetjiik egyesds tobbes szdmbais, mintha f6nevek lenndnek.) 8. States / Republic / Kingdom (szavakat tartalmazd orszignevek el6tt): tlrc United Statesof America
the United Kingdnrn
the CzecbRepwblic
9. Tcibbes szdmban dll6 fiildrajzi nevek ds tulajdonnevek el6tt: Tirlajdonnevek: the Browns,the Wilsons(Browndk, Wilsonik) Egyes orszdgok: the Netherlands,tlte Phil,ippines Szigetcsoportok: the British Isles,the Bahamas,the Seychelles Hegyldncok: theAlps, the Carpathians, tbeAnd.es,the Pyeneeq the Rochies/the RocfoMowntains tbeHirualayns (DE I Ondll6 hegyek el6n nem haszndlunkndvel6t: pl. Mount Everest,IQlirnanjaro.) A Hirnaldja legmagasabb hegye az Everest.
Tl'tehighestmauntain in tbeHimalayat isMaunt Evn'est.
(Egvdb hati.rozott ndvel6vel irlI6 orszdg-is helysignevek: the Sud.an,the Uhrwine,the Hagwe, the Lebanon,the l4noen,the Gambia) 10. Foly6k, csatorndk, tengerek, dcerinok neve el6tt: Nvers the Nile theDanube the (River) Tbam.es the (Nver) Arnazon
Canals the Suez Cnnal the Panam.oCanal
Seos the Med'itennnenn (Sea) the Red Sea the Blach Sea
Oceans the Atlantic (Ocean) the Pncific the Ind.ian Ocean
(Thvakneve el6tt azonban nem haszn{lunk ndvel6t: Lake Balaton, Lake Garda) A Balatonndl toltottem a szabadsdgomat.
I spentmy holidayat Lahe Balaton.
l
If . Egtrijak kifejezesdre: Magyarorszdgiszaki r6sz6,n Romdnia dili rdszdn Gorogorsz{g dilen van. I(ozel-Kelet Tivol-Kelet
in the north of Hungnry in the south of Romanta Greeceis in the Sowth. tbe Mid.dle East the Far East
DE! ,,the" ndlki-il: . 1
, ,
h,szal(-M agy aro rszago n Ddl-Olaszorszdgban
(
in nofthem Hungary in sowthernItoly
222
(
s I
NEvrL6r Gorogorsz{g Ddl-Eur6pdban vzur. Ddl-Amerikdban Nvugat-Afrikdban
Greeceis in SouthemEwrope. in SouthAruerica in Wst Africa
12. Hotelok, ittermek, siiroz6k neve el6tt: Hotels the Ritz Hotel tbe Grnnd Hotel theHilton
Restnwrants the ChineseRestawrant tbe Twer Restawrnnt
Pubs theRed Lion (pub) tbe Irish Cat
(DE! Ha az dpiilet nevdbenszemilyndv vagy helysdgndvszerepel,akkor nem haszndlunk,,the" hatdrozott ndvel6t.McDonnlds,IGtby\ Corner Restaurant,Hanods) 13. Szinhizak, mozik, mdzeumok, galiridk neve el6tt: Theatres the Globe
Cinerna,s tbe Corvitt
Museums the Nntional Mwsewrn the British Mwsewrn
Galleries the Tate Gallery
14. Ujsdgok neve el6tt: the Finnncinl Titnes the Tirnes the WashingtonPost (DE! Magazinok nevc el6tt nem haszniilunk ndvel5t: Elite, Vogwe) 15. Sivatagok neve el6tt: the SabaraDesert the GohiDesert 16. Szewezetek neve el6tt: theEuropennUnion
the CM
the FBI
theBBC
(DEl Gazdasdgitdrsasdgok,cdgek,ldgitdrsasdgok dltaldbanhatdrozottndvel6ndlki.ildllnak:LG, General Electric,Voh'0,IBM, Philips) L7. ... OF ... birtokos szerkezettel: the Cape of Good.Ilope (fdrenninysigfoha) the Towerof Lond.on tbe Musewm of Fine Arts (Szipmilviszeti Milzeum) the Bay of Biscny
tbe Great Wall of Chinn the (Jniyersity of Lond.on
(DEl The Universityof Lond.on- t*t Londan Unfuersity) 18. Bizonyos dpi.iletek neve el6tt, ha a niv nem tartalmaz tulajdonnevet vagy helysignevet: the Wbite House
the Ernpire Stnte Build.ing
tbe Acropolis
the Vntican
(DE l Ed'ingburgh Ca*le, BwchingbarnPalace,WesnninsterAbbey,Londnn University,IQnned.yAirport, StPawl'sCatbedral, Matthins Church, Parliornent) 19. ,,the same", ,,the only'', ,,the veqy''kifejezisekben: Ugyanannyi id6s vagy,minr a bdrydm. Az egyedendolog, amit utdlok, az a kordn kel6s. Nagy osszegetnyert, de ugyanabban a pillanatbanel is vesztette.
hw nre the sarnea,gea.smy brother. The only tbing I hate isgening wp early. He won a.grea.t a.wzunt of moneybwt at the very sflmemunent he lostit.
223
ARrrcles 2O. Gy$r6nevek el6tt: thepolice
thef.re brignd.e
the underground.
the arwy
21. Mindl..., anndl = The + melldkndv k
Tlte sooner,the better. you dn, the heabhier yoa will be. The mare exercises
NINCSEN NfVgL6' l. Ha riltalinossrigban beszeliiLnkdolgokr6l, emberekr6l. A megszdmlilhat6 f6neveket ilyenkor mindig tobbes sziimba tessziir.k.Figyelje meg a kiil
Particular people or things
I don't lihe cats. Waiters worh in resta.urnnts.
I lihe the cats you have. The waitns will com.eonlyfor lwncb, theydnn't have to worh in the morning. I LiheFrenchfood.,but the French food this resta.arnnt rnohesis horible. Thefootboll theyplay is rubbish. Are the Ilungnrian peopleyou hnow hard'-workin'g? Where nre the children? The children nre playing hid'e nnd.seehnow. The denth of hisfather got hirn down. The ffi of myfather washard.
Frencb food. is d,eliciows. tuty hobbyisfootball. Are Ilungarian people nice? Child.ren liheplaying hid.eand.seeh. Death is cruel.
Life isfull ofsurprisu.
2. Bizonyos helyek el6tt szintin att6l fiigg6en haszndljuk a hatiirozott n6vel6t, hogy dltaftinos hely' zntr6l v^W eW bizonyos sziturici6r6l van-e sz6, A, kiivetkez6 helyek esetin tesziink kiiLkinbsdget :iltaftlnos is konkrdt helyzet kozcitt. A)
church
scbool
pns0n
hospital
unhtersity
Figyelje meg a kiilonbsiget! General situation
Particular situation
SCHOOL The children a.rea.t scbool now. Theygo to schoolfrorn Mond.ay to Friday. They leatte early becauseschoolsta.rtsnt I o'chch everyd,ay.
fufy parents are ot the school now, because rny teacherwonts to talh to thern. Tbey went to the schoolnt 5 o'cl.och.
Mivel a gyerekek mdg iskokisok,ezfut szdmukra A sziiLl6kmdr nem iskoliisok, csak az iskoldba j:irris dltaftinos, mindennapos dolog. bizonyos esetekben l:itogatnak el az iskoliba.
3 va
4.
PRISON His son is in lnison for burglary. He wassent to prison in May.
Jnch bnsgone to tbe prison to ilsit his son. He is in the prison now.
A fif rabkint van bortiinben.
fack csak Litogat6.
224
(r D.
NEva6r CHURCH Sheila.is wry relig'i.ous,shegoes to cburch everyd.ay. Sue went to the church to study the frescos. Sheila hiv6.
Sue a munkrija miatt ment a templomba.
HOSPITAL Tomwas injured.. He was tahen to boEital. He\ in bospitnl now.
Ive gone to the hoEi.tol to rrisit frrn. I'm. nt the hoEitnl now.
Tom betegkint van k6rhdzban.
fn csak Litogat6 vagyok.
UNIVERSITY After schoolI went to university. I studied English ot unipersiql
There was o good cnncertat the university, so Jock went to the unipersity lax night.
Didkkint jdrtam egyetemre.
|ack csak a koncert miatt ment az eryetemre.
(DE! Mds helyekkel mdr mindig ki kell tenni a hatdrozott ndvel6t: tbe cinerna,the banh, the station.) B)
bed.
worh
ltome
BED I went to bed.eorly. I stayedin bed.late.
I went to the bed.and.gaw hirn a hiss. I pat n nice blanheton the bed..
WORK I go to worb everyd.ay. I'ru at worhfrorn B to 4, I stort worh nt B and.I finish worh at B. HOME Igo/comeboment six everyd.ay. I lenpehomeat B and.aripe homeat 4. I'll stalt a.t hmne. SEA Tirn is o fishennon.IIe\ nt sea.all d.ayhng.
I'd. lihe to lea:peby the seo.
3. Egyriltalin nem haszndlunk ndvel6t terek, utci\ vdrosok,falvak, tavak neveel6tt. Tnfnlg* Square Piccad.illy Circus
Fifth Avenue Hungmy
parkok, utalg sugdrutak, kcirutak, orszdgok,
Bnher Sneet Brighton
GreenParh LaheGard,a
4. Kiizlekeddsieszkiiziik neve el6tt, a k
nanel by bwsgoby taxi
(DElgo in your carf nanelin theredcar) 5. ftkezesek el6tt: to ha:rte lunch to ha:pedinner
afier breahfaa
22s
beforesapper
Anrrclrs el6n metldkndv dll, aldcorhaszndlhatunk,,A.ffln" hatd.rozatlann6vel6t, (DEf Ha a lunch/d.inner/brealtfast ebddr6fvacsorAr6llreggelir6l beszdliink, akkor haszndlhatjul
Hogy izlen az eb{d? Nagyon finom vacsordtettiink. 6. F6n6v + sz{m el6tt: Page34
Roorn 12
Platforrn 7
HATAROZATLAN
NEVEL6
size 36
bwsI{5
- A, AN
I. Egyes szimri, megszi'ml{lhat6 dolgok el6a: I nte an apple.
Ettem eg1' alm:it. 2. Szakmdk, foglalkozdsok el6tt:
He is a teacherand' I'm a stwdent. How hng how you beena policewan'?
6 tandr,dn pedig didk vagyok. Mi6ta vagy rend6rf 3. Bizonyos mennyisdgi kifejezesekben:
f.fu forintsa hih.
owen forint kil6ja drrenteot naoot nyolc 6rdt nipottt" 4 krn / 6ra fel kil6 f6l font f6l 6ra fdl mdter
fwe rl.aysn yea'r I howrsn d.ay 4 hrnson howr half a hilo half a pownd. half an hour half n weter
4. ,,BW bizonyos"6rtelemben: is loohing A Mr Jachson for you.
Egy bizonyosMr )acksonkeresiOnt.
5. sucha / what a... + egyessziim(rmegszimldlhat6f6ndv: car f trtaven'tdripen sucha speed.y What a silly question!
Ilyer-rgyors aut6t mdg nem vezettem. Milyen idi6ta kdrdds!
DE! Such i what... f megsziLmlilhatatlanf6n& / tobbes szrimrimegszrimlilhat6 fi6ndv: Wl'tat strangefellows he worhswith! I should.be on tbe beachin sachn'i.cewenther.
Milyen furcsa alakokkal dolgozik! A strandon kdne lennem ilyen szdp id6ben. 6. Kifeje#sekben:
Sheis in a hwrry. It's a pity. Sheis hming a shower I want to havea word.with him. She\got a head.ache. I have a.sorethroat. Thereis a pain in my bach.
Siet. Krir. Zuhanye2llq. Vdltani akarok vele nihdny sz6t. F{j a feje. F{j a torkom. Frij a hdtarn.
226
NrvrLor
EXERCISES- FELADATOK 'l
Put alan or the into the gaps. lf no article is necessaryleave the space empty. Tegyea ,,the" hatdrozott nevelSt, vagy az ,,alan" hatdrozatlan ndvel6t a megfelel6 helyre! Ha nincs szilksdg n6vel6re, hagyja a helyet uresen! 1. A: Whcre do you nsuallyhave o lunch) B: Lt lfrecanteen. 2. A: Well darling,how was .... lunch todal.f ll: It wasdelicious.Youknow I love ...... way 12s11 make dris gravy 3. A: Dic'l]'ou cnjoy .... pla-ylast nightf B: I usr,rally enjoy .... playsbut to tell you .... tmth, I didn't cnjoy dris onc pirrticularly 4. A; Do you like going to .... restaurants) B: Yes.Lilst weekfor examplewe had ..... wondcrful dinncr at ... ]ack'sCorncr Rcstaurant. 5. A: Yourrrclatc agerin. B: I knorv,but I1n ahval's.... lastto arrive. 6. A: Coulc'lyotr tcll rnc rvhere..... train to l.ondon le:rvesfromf R; From ..... Platform6. 7. A: lVhcre can I fir-rd.... answerkeyl B: It's on ..... page256. B. A: Do 1'ouoftcn watch.... TVI B: No,I prefcrlister-ringto..... radio. 9. A: Did yolr cornebv ..... bus) B: Yes,Itook .... busN59. 10. A: FIow'uvas ..... journeyl B: Awful. ..... buswaspackcd. I1. A: Have you had .... niceholiday)B: Of course. L2. A: It's been ...... hard day'snight. B: Yes,we'vebeenworking like ..... dog. 13"A: Which room areyou stayinginl B: In .... Room 201. 14. A: Arc you satisfiedwith ..... rooml B: Yes,it's cosy I5. A: Couid von give me a lift) B: I'm sorry but I hevcn'tgot ..... car here.A: What .... pity! 16. A: Did 1'oulike ..... film?B: It was ..... bestfrhn I've everscen.
2 Put in the where necessary.Haszn1ljaa ,,the" hatdrozott n6vel5t, ahol sz}ksdges! 1. Her hair is fie samecolour as rninc. 2. I't,e beenlearningto play ..... flute for sevcnyears. 3. Therearea lot of cloudsin ...... sky 4. What did you havc for .... breakfast) 5. ..... more we stLldv...... rnorewe know. 6. What'sorl .... TV tonigtrtl 7. ..... Room 24ison.... secondfloor. B. Can I rurn on ..... TV) I ivant to rvatch..... ne\^/s. 9. My grandmother lives in .... countrlr 10. ..... time is mone){ 11. I haven'tbeento ...... dreatrerecendu 12. Did you go to ...... cinemayestcrday) 13. I make ....... pancakes alway's..... salneway 14. What is ...... capitalof /amaical 3 Correct the wrong sentences. Use alan, the or nothing. Some of the sentences are already correct. Javitsa ki a hibds mondatokat! Haszndljaaz,,a/an", ,the" ndvel6ket, ahol szIksdges! I . It r,r,:rs very cold dat, in winteq in \a,interof 1997. o verycolddoy/ in lhewinter of 1997 2. First I thought the lock rvasfaulty but later I realisedthat I was trying to get into the Room 22 i n s t c a do f l { o o m 2 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Sun rvasshining and therc were no clouds in sky 4. I couldn'tlivc in dte countrl; it's so boring. ... . .... ... 5. Horv long have 1,oubccn plavirg pianof 6. The first man olt the lnoolt rv:rsNeil Amstrong. 7. I alr.r,ays have big breakfastbeforelcaving home. 8. Whv do you want to l-raveclog) 9. The applc a da1'keepsdre doctor'.lway .........
227
Anrrclrs I0. Have you ever seena cat swimmingf ............ II. More sweetsyou eat) fatter you will be. 12. His lecturetoday was the more interestingthan it was yesterday.............. 13. Mv uncle lived bv sca. 14. A;hild needslove.
kia monEgdszitse 4Completethesentencesusingone of thewords below. lJsetheif necessary. ndvel6t! datokata megadottszavakkal,ahol szIksdgeshaszn1ljaa ,,the" hat1rozott line 25
hrnctr
size 42
ground
television
Barth
radio
1. I usually have some snackfor /unrf,becauseI don't have time to go to a restaurant. .... I Youmight catcha cold. 2. Why areyou sitting on .... ........... I 3. I'm afraidd'researetoo big. Have you got them in ...... was believedto be flat. 4. In the Middle Ages . 5. Tllere aren'tany good programmeson ..............)we'd bettergo to the cinema. 6. The expressionthat you are looking for is in 7. Thereis a lot of good musicon ... .. 5 Answer the questions using the correct information in brackets. lJse the. A zdroielben megadott vdlaszok kozIl v6lassza ki a helyeset 6s vAlaszoljon a kerdesre! Haszn1lja a ,,the" ndvel6t! L. What is the currency of the United Statesf (dollar / pound) Thedollor. 2. Which was inventedfirstf (bicycleI car ltrain) ......... 3. Which elephant has bigger ears) (African elephant/ Indian elephant) 4. What is the currencyof Romuriaf (lek / lei) .......... 5. Which is a Hungari'aninventionl (ballpoini pen / car) ........... 6. Which bird can swiml (penguin / parrot) 7. Which animal run the fastest?(tiger / cheetah) 8. Which animalis the most intelligentl (dolphin/ chimpanzee).............. 9. Which animalis found in Ctrinaf (Polarbear/ Pandabear).......... I0. Which car is more expensivel(Jaguar/ Ferrari) 6 Complete the sentenceswith the + one of these adjectives. Egdszitseki a mondatokat a ,,the" hatdrozott nevel6vel 6s a megfelel6 mellekndwel!
poor injured
young sick
old
unemployed
rich
homeless
disabled
dead
ctdcrty
l. Theelderly should be given more help by the government. 2. The Paraolympic Games are organizedfor . ...... increaseddramaticallyin the area. 3. When the glassfactory closeddown, the number of ..... ... during the 4. The local government is trying to provide free accommodationfor .... winter months. 5. On l"November we commemorate were taken to hospital. 6. After the accident .... should sharewhat they havewith . 7.In a utopian society .... havegot betterchancesto find a job than 8. ...... 9. Mother Theresaspent her life caring for .... 7 Which nationality are the sentences about? Melyik nemzetisdgr6l szolnak a mondatok? a good reputation for their pasta. I . Theltalionshave ,....... areknown to like bull fights. 2. a J.
..., ... are known to havegreenfingers.Their tulips are wonderful.
228
NEveL6r 4. ..... 5. ..... 6. ..... 7. ..... of them live on
8. 9.
are said to be very proud of their nation. are mosdy Roman Catholic and they have fought a lot for their independence. invented a great many things in ancienttimes. . . . . . . . . . . . .a, sa l l . . . . . ,a n d . . . . . . .a r er e f e r r e tdo a s . the British Isles. are good at making spicy dishessuch as goulash, chicken paprikash etc. ..... are famous for their advancedtechnology They always invent something
special,especially robots. 10. ... .... makethe mostdeliciouschocolate in theworld. 8 What is the singular of the following nationalitiesTHogyanmondjuk egyessz1mbana kovetkez6 nepeket? the Italians the Chinese the French the Scots the lirrks the Japanese
the British the Dutch the Swiss
9 Put the only, the very, the same into the gaps. Egeszftseki a mondatokat a ,,the only", ,,the very", ,,the same" kifejezesekkel! L Buckingham Palaceis intheverycentreof London. 2. I can'tcopy the words from the board and listen to the teacherat ........ 3. We got there at ... last moment. 4. ..... thing we can do is wait. 5. Youare ... ..... ageas my cousin. 4. The .. fact that he was there with me made me feel comfortable. 5. He is ..... personwho canhelp you. 6. I told you in beginning that things would just get worse. 7. Is it . solution to the probleml
.... time.
10 Put the following geographical names under the corred headings. Always use ,,the" with them. Tegyea kovetkez6 foldrajzi neveket a megfelel6 oszlopba, mindig haszn1lja a ,,the" hat6rozott ndvel6t! Czech Republic Netherlands Panama Canal iFlranes Seine Black Sea Mediterranean United States Rockies Pacific Danube Andes Alps Atlantic Urals Indian Ocean Tatras Suez Canal Philippines Sahara British Isles Carpathians Bahamas Red Sea English Channel Himalayas Mississippi Chalahari Nile People's Republic of China West Indies Gobi Amazon Canaries rivers & canals seas& oceans mountarn ranges groups of islands
lhelhomes
fheRockies
229
deserts
certain countries
Anrrclrs 11 a) Here are some statements about some of the geographical placesabove. Complete the sentences with the geographical names.Don't forget to use the. ltt van nehAny Sllitas a fenti foldrajzi hetyek n6melyiker6l. Eg1szitse ki a mondatokat a megfelel6 foldrajzi ndwel! Ne felejtse el a ,,the" hat1rozott ndvel6t! w:rsGeorgeWashington. l. Tlre first presidentof fie UnitedStates 2. Verdi composeddre Aida for the inaugurationceremonyof ..... 3. Tl-rosewho want to go skiing in Slovakiacan go to ..... 4. ..... ... are said to be the borderlinebetweenEurope and Asia. 5. 20 o/oof the earth's population live in 6. The hishest mountain in the world can be found in ..... . . . is the most important river of Hungary and flows into the 7 . .. ... .. connectsthrcecontinents;America,Asia and Australia. B. ..... 9. The :lnccstorsof the Flungarianshad to comc through ... . 10. Those going on l-roiid:ryto SoudrernEurope can swim in ..... can be found in the north' 11. furica has got two deserts can be found in dre south. are in dre west of the USA. 12. ... I3. Europe'sffrost extendedrnountain rangc is "Iire are a popular destinationfor tourists in SouthernEurope. 14. ... cirpitalis Teneriffe. b) Write similarstaternents about the following geographical places.irion 6llitasokat a kovetkez6 foldrajzi helyekr6l! the Amazon
the Atlantic
the Gobi
the Andes
the Seine
the Panama Canal
a a A
12 Hereis anothergroup of nounswhereyou usuallyhave to use the. Put the nounsunder the correctheading then add somemore. Always usethe in front of them. ltt van meg nehdny a neveketa megfelel6 szo, amivel1ttatdbanuthe" hatdrozott n6vel6t haszn6lunk.Tegye oszlopba, majd adjon meg hozz6iuk ndhdnyat! OdeonNational Gallery National Museum Ritz Festival Hall CIA Red Lion Giobe Empire State Building_ White Flouse €rcatryail/ehha Sun European Union National Theatre Olive Restaurant Vatican Houses/Parliament BBC Gulf/Mexico Hotels
Restaurants& pubs
Theatres& cinemas
Museums & salleries
TheGlobe
Other buildings (common nouns)
Organisations
Newspapers
nf
Wallof (hina TheGreot
230
NEvrL6r 13 Which streefs / roads / parks/ buildings /companies are the stafements about? You mustn't use the. Melyik utcdrol, utrol, parkrol, 6p0letr6l, cegr6l szolnak a kovetkez6 6llit6sok? Most nem lehet ,,the" hatdrozott n6vel6t haszndlni. Lloyds Bank McDonalds I{arrods St Peter's Basilica Buckingham Palace Thafalgar Square IBM B'ritish "tirr/tra;rs
Hyde Park
l. British Airwoys is crneof thc biggcst airlinesin Europe. 2. ..... tecl-u-rologir ...... has:rlcadingrole in compLlter ....., therc is one in almosteverybig city 3, If vou want to havea quick mcal,go to . 4. ..... .... is the biggestdcp:rrtmcntstorein England. 5. ..... ..., whcrc the Royal Familylives,can be found in the verv centreof London. 6. Nelson'sColoumn can be seenin 7 . .. . .. . .. is the biggestcadredralin Europe. historv and is saiclto be d-recentreof tl'reworld'sinsurauce 8. ..... ...... hasa 300-vc'.rr-old market. 9. If yor,rwa.ntto relaxin centralLondon, go for a walk in ..... 14 Choose the correct form with or without the. Crossout the wrong one. Vdlasszaki a helyes megolddst! A helytelent h(tzza 6t! 1. A: Why don't rve go to the cinema toniqhtf B: Which cincma shall we qo tof A: To Corvin / To the Corvin. 2. I scnt rny Curriculum Vitac to thc Philips / to Philips last week. They need a computer progralnrner. 3. If 1,ou\vant to read some sensationalnews,subscribcto the Sunf to Sr-ur. 4. The St Iames'sPark / St Iames'sPark is in ccnrrall,ondon not t(x) far from the Hyde Park / H)de Park. 5. Hotel Hilton / The Hotel Hilton looks onto tl-reHouse.sof Parliament/ Houses of Parliament. 6. His pl;rneu'ill land at the l(enued)'Airport / at I(ennedyAirport. 7. fhe Globe / Globc was foundecl by Shakcspeare. B. The Roval Farnilvusuallvbuvs drinqs from Hirrrods/ lrorn dre Harrods. 9. The lVhite House / Whitc House is the president'sresidence. 10. If you ilre interestedin businessyou should read FinancialTirnes / the FinancialTimes. II. I saw e very intercsting exhibition in the National Museurn / in National Museum yesterday 12. Which magazinedoes your modrer read) The Woman's Own / Woman's Own. 13. Shc r.vorkedfor Unilever / dre Unilever for two yearsbut then she got a better offer from the IGaft Tacobs/ I(raft lacobs. 14. I've ah.vayswanted to seeBroadwa),/ the Broadway. 15. Oxford University / t[-reOxford Univerity is one of thc famous red brick universities. 16. Dorodrl,'s brother studieslaw at the Universitv of London / at University of London. \7. A: Which restaurentshall rve go tof B: Let's gcl to the ChineseRestaurant/ to ChineseRestaurant. 15 Complete fhe sente nces using a preposition tolatlin etc. + one of the following words. Eg6szitse ki a mondatokat a ,,to/atlin" stb. eloljdrokkal 6s a megadott szavakkal! hospital
school
prison
home
work
university
church
bed
I. Aftcr leeving second.arl,€trarnmarschool I'd like to go lo university. 2. You weren't .. yesterdayLucky you! We wrote a test-paper. 3. Jack'suncle has been . ...... with an unknown diseasefor two months now 4.My neighbour was arrested)'esterdayfor smuggling. He was taken ......... if 5. Youlook pale.I'd rathcryou stayed . : fou shor-rldn't go .... vou fcel unwcll. I'll talk to your boss. 6. I think I'm luckl: I've never been ill and I've never been fbr frar'rd. 7. A: Why is she alonc with her children) B: Becauseher l-rusbandis . . . . .. 8 . H i D a r l i n g . A r et h e c h i l d r e ns t i l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .) 9 . H i M u m ! I s D a d d ys t i l l . . . . . . . . . . . .? I 0. I studied a lot of very interesting subjectswhen I was . . .
231
ARtrcLrs .... . Daddy will tell you the bedsidestory tonight! tl. Children! It's time to go ... ......' until eleven. 12. AtweekendsI like staying...... .'..... everySunday 13. When I wasa child I had to go ..... again.She saysshe has to pray for the sick. 14. Grandma is ... 16 Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Use the where necessary.Eg6szitseki a mondatokat a z6rojelben megadott szavakkal! Haszndlion ,,the" hatdrozott n6vel6t, ahol szIks5ges! to speakto my form teacher. f .My parentswent to thexhool(school) (school)todayl What's the matter with youl _ . ...... 2.Whi aren'tyou at ..... (school) a lot. 3. Whln I was a child I often played tmant and was absentfrom . (school) ' . .. 4. Tomorrow there will be a iob fair at .. . .. .. (school),I went to buy somefood. 5. As I was earlyfor .... ..... (school)and missedthe test-paper' 6. Ted was late for ... (school). 7. A: Where shall we meet) B: Let's meet outside ....... (school)I went to work. 8. When I teft .. (school). 9. I saw your mother near (church)' she doesn't go to .. religion but 10. Jennifer is Roman Catholic by the frescos. to renovate (church) . ll. Some paintersare working in ...... ... (church) to light a candlefor his friend. 12. Although he doesn't believein God, yesterdayhe went to ..... (church),to seemy friends'weddingceremony 13. Last wiek I went to ... (church) was really beautiful,I liked especiallythe altar' 14. ... ...' (church)f 15. Will you take a photo of us, herein front of '..'. '..... (prison). 16. If you commit a crime, you haveto go to my uncle. to visit (prison) '... in 17. Last weekendI was robbery (prison) for ........ 18. He wastakento ..... ofthe dreadfirlconditions. ... . (prison)because 19.The prisoners'familiesheld a demonstrationoutside reasons. .... (prison) due to political 20. Many people are in .. .... (hospital) for observation. 2I. As Suehad an operarion,she had to stayin ... (hospital) to cheer up the children lying there. 22. Some funny clowns went to ....... (hospital)was a large,whitewashedbuilding at the edgeof the town. 23. .... . '. .. . (hospital). 24. I usedto work in the buffet of ..... ..'.. (sea). '. look onto windows 25. I like my room becausethe .... (sea). 26.Ifyouwanttosailarrcundtheworldthenyouhavetospendquitealongtimeat..........' (sea). .....,becausewehadanicecoftageby....'.......' 27.t{tihenlwasachildIusedtoswimalotin ...... (home). 28. Don't be shy!Makeyourselfat . .. ... ' (work) | 29. When do you usually finish .. ...... (bed) to give her a good-nightkiss. 30. I went to ..... ....... (bed) after dre bedside-story 31. My children alwaysgo to . (bed). I it onto shirtl B: put 32. A: Where is my 17 Choose the correct form with or without the. Crossout the wrong one. Vdlasszaki a helyes megold{st! A helytelent h1zza 5t! L A: Where are the cats / catsl B: They are lying in the sun on the terrace. 2. A: What kind of pets do you like) B: I like the dogs / dogs but I don't like cats / the cats.A; Yes, the dogs / dogs are more intelligent than the cats / cats. 3. I think women / the women are tougher than the men / men. 4. I loved the food. Meat / The meat was especiallytasty 5. I never eat the meat /meat. I'm vegetarian. 6. Life / The life is hard. 7. The life / Life of my grandfather was really hard. 8. The death / Death can be very cruel sometimes.You can never know why PeoPle/ the PeoPlehaveto die. 9. The death / Death of his parents got him down. He still couldn't get over it. 10. Ail children / all the children are curious. lL All the children / All children who are playing in the garden live with us. We adopted them.
232
NEvrL6x 12. All the people / AII people whose photos you can seeon the wall were my students. And they atl became famous. 13. Most people / The most people think that there is life after the death / death. 14. The seeing / seeing is believing. 15. I don't [k- swimming / the swimming in cold water / the cold water. 16. Unemplo)rmint / thJunemplo)rmeniand homelessness/ the homelessnessare very serious social problems that are yet to be solved. 1B Answer the questions following the example. Valaszoljona kdrddsekrea pelda alapiSn! o kilo. L How much is a kilo of apples,please)ilnepound 2. How much doesthe petrol costl .......... 3. How often do you go to the cinemal 4. What's the speedlimit herel 5. How many days can you take offi 6. How much doesthe silk costf .......... 19 Choose the correct answer. Vdlasszaki a helyesmegold6st! I. He was ........ first man to cross.........Adanticin a sailingboat. D) the / the C)the/B)-lA)-/the 2. ......... winter holiday I spentin ......... FrenchAlps was one of the best in my life' D) the/C) the/the B) -/A) -/the 3. ......... Sudanand ......... Gambia are the two African countrieswhere I've neverbeen. D) the / the c)-lB)the/A)-/the 4. Have you got A) -/the
. latestrecordby ...'.....'.. Red Hot Chilli Peppersl D) the/C) the/a B) a/the
5. ......... River Tiszafloodedagainin ............Ukraine. C) the / the B)-/the A) the/-
D)-l-
6. Georgewent to see...... churchasit is saidto be one of ...... most beautifirlchurchesin the countqz D) the/the C)the/a B) -/the A) a/the was written by Arthur Miller. 7. ......... Death of ......... Salesman D) The/C) -/the B) The / the A) The/a
That's".".'.. life. 8. ...........deathalwayscomesunexpectedly C )-/the T h e / t h e B ) il-l-
D) The/-
9. . ... .. .... elderlypeoplelike talkingabout... .'.... Past. C)TheiB) -/the N-t-
D) The / the
10. ...........elderlyneedlooking after.
A) A"
B) The
I l . . . . . . . . . . t. i. m ei s . . . . . . . . . . .m. o n e y B) -/the A) The/the
c)-
D) Some
C)-l-
D) The/-
L 2 . . . . . . . . . .m o s t p e o p l eh a t e. . . . . . . . .c r o w d . C)The/B) -/A) The/the
D) -/the
1 3 . . . . . . . . . .j o u r n e yb y c a ri s . . . . . . . . .m o s tt i r i n g . c)B) -/the A) The/-
D) The / the
l-
233
AK |Lt t5
2O Translatefhe senfences. Forditsa le a mondatokat! I. Magyarorszigp|nznemc a forint. 2. A varrangvosbika kdtdltfi. 3. Els6kdntdrhezctt,is utols6kdnrrdvozott. 4. Ez lcnne az utols6 dolog, amir tenndk. 5. Ha ncm lenne a Hold, a Fold gyorsabbanrnozogna. 6. Sok hangszcrentud j{tszani, pdlddulhegedi.il,nagyb6g(:z1k es dobol is. 7. Szerintema FotexMagyarorszdglegjobb kdzilirbdacsapata. B. A legtobb bajnoksdgot6k nyertdk rneg. 9. Sok ember mdg mir-rdigt'rgygondolja, hogy a n6nek otthon a helye. I0. Ez volt a legunalmirsabbfihn, amit valahaldtti'rm. I L Szerintemaz el6addsnagyoll drclekes volt. 12. Azirj n1'ugdijrendszerrel az oregeknem mehetnekhatvanives kor alatt nwrgdijba. 13. Az id6sod6 cmbcrekettisztelniiik kellenea fiataloknak. 14. krdz anvaegdsziletdben a betcgekr6lds a szegdnyekr6lgondoskodott. 15. A fogyatdkosohnakn:rgyoll nchdza vdrosbankozlekedniiik. I6. A hajl6ktalanoksegits6greszorulnak. 17. A francidkrnir-rdigis btiszkdkvolt'.rkhazdjukr:r,nyelvukredskulturdjukra, :rkircsal
234
NEvrL6r 54. A fia egyetemrejdr. 55. A koncert ^z egyetemenvolt. 56. Altaldban mikor fekszellel 57. Lzirod azt a kcinyvet az 6gyon?Ide tudndd hozni) 58. A haldszokmdr megiut a tengerenvannak. 59. Iessiemig soha nem fi.irdott a tengerben' 60. Kocsivaljossz) 61. A piros kocsivalfogunk menni. 62. Nyissritok ki a konyveteket a huszonhetedikoldalon! 63. Az 56-os busszalkell menned. 64. FA kil6 hagymdtszeretnik. 65. Fdl6ra mrilva talilkozunk, ok6f keriil a kortef" ,,Sziz,owenforint kil6ja." 66. ,,N4ennyibe 67. Egy bizonyos Doktor Watson akart onnel besz6lni. 68. Ilyen rosszid6ben nem kellenekirdndulni mennetek. 69. Mdg sosemldttam ilyen j6kipri v6legdnyt. 70. Mi\,en szip virdg! 7I. Milyen kdr, hogy nem taldlkozhatunkholnap! 72. Sripadmakldtszol.Fdj a fejed) 73.Igen, 4s lirzamis van.
235
GRAMMAR TESTS
fl
I
Test1 - presenttenses l. This is the first time I A) "- riding C) have ridden
I ...... a horse. B) have beenriding D) ride
{I I I
2. He ...... ar the leastconvenienr rime. A) alwaysphones B) alwaysis phoning C) has beenalwaysphoning D) is alwaysphoning
I I I
3. Here ......themen in black. A) are coming B) comes C) come D) havecome
I I I
4. We ......for a walk today A) don't go C) haven'tbeen
I I
B) haven'tbeengoing D) havebeengoing
5. He ...,.. he is always,right. ' A) is thinking B) thinks C) has beenthinking D) is believing 6. There A) goeshe C) hashe gone 7. Sheila A) is being
B) he is going D) he goes
...... so nice ro everybodytoday Sheisn't usuallylike that. B) is D) hasbeenbeing
8. Sincewhen ... ... our togetherl A) have they gone B) are they going C) have they beengoing D) do they go " 9. "How is the soupl""It ,....... A) is tasting C) has beentasting
good." B) hastasted D) tastes
I I I I I I I
N I I I I I I I I
10. Weusuallystayat homein the evenings but todaywe ............... out with somefriendsof o*r.l A) will go B) are going I C) havebeengoing D) go I I II. I ........ suchan uglyhouse. il A) never saw B) havenever seen N C) never see D) neverhave seen I *Why 12. is shesoakedto the skinl" *She......... in rhe rain." I A) has walked B) is walking il D) hasbeenwalking I 13. ....... anythingat the weekendl I A) Are you doing B) Will you do I C) Do you do D) Have you beendoing I
235
rrsrs GRnvvRn t h e f i l r n. . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . 1 B) is / going to start D) has / started
1 4 .W h e n A) is / starting C) does / start
at this hotel until we find a flat. B) have staYed D) have been staYing
15. We A) stay C) are stayrng
'Not again.I ....'....... your keysagainl" . you .. 16."......... A) Have / been losing / always lose B) Have llost /am alwayslosing C) Do llose /always lose D) Do I lose lhave always lost .... his shot. .. but the goalkeeper 17. Rivaldo B) shoots / saves A) is shooting / saves D) has shot / saves C) is shooting / is saving ..... cold.
18. The weather
B) is growing D) gets
A) is going C) turns 19. Next month we ......
.... to Singapore'
B) will fly D) will flying
A) fiy C) are flying
,
......you 2 0 .. . . A) have / waited C) are / waiting
. . . . " . . . ,l o n g l B) have / been waiting D) do / wait
Test2 - past tenses,used to and would I. The day beforeyesterdaywe ...
2. Iack and his wife ...... A) was working C) worked
hard all last week.
B) wereworking D) had beenworking ....... to Holland for their holiday They enjoyed it a lot.
3. This summer th.y .. A) have gone C) had gone
B) were D) went
4. My colleagues A) had closed C) had been closing 5. Who A) did see C) was seeing
our businessPartners' B) met D) did meet
A) have met C) was meeting
. .... the windows before they left the office. B) were closing D) were closed
them drive awayl
6. I haven't been to New York since I A) moved C) was
B) seen D) saw to L.A. B) had moved D) had been
237
my keys'"
GRRHamR resrs 7.Tilhat ..... you A) were / doing C) did / do
.. when the phone rangf B) was / doing D) had / done
8. "Sheilamoved into her flat at last." 'Realhl I can't beleve it. How long .. . .. . . .. .... she with her parents|" A) were / living B) did / live C) was / lived D) have / been living 9. What ..... Tom A) did / do C) was / doing
.... all day yesterdayl
B) were/ doing D) had/ done
10. By the time we reachedthe coastof Africa we ..... A) had travelled B) were travelling C) travelled D) had been travelling II. Howmanypeople........
.. forthejobl
A) was applying C) applied 12.I . A) had learnt C) was learning
... for twenty days.
B) had applied D) were applying English for five yeirs when I passedthe language exam, B) had been learning D) learnt
1 3 . O n e h u n d r e dy e a r sa g o p e o p l e. . . . . . i , . r ; . . . : . . . . . . . . .b. .y p l a n e . A) didn't travel B) wasn't travelling C) hadn't travelled D) hadn't been travelling 14. At this time last month we ...
. r. .;...... i ..,.on the beach.
A) were lying C) had beenlying
B) were liing D) lay
A) was painting C) had painted
B) had beenpainting D) painted ' ": '
i 16. ... you ....... your husbdnd whenyou heardthe shotf A) Both weref phoning andd.id/ pboneis correct i; "' B)Onlywne/phoningiscorrect . :. . C) Only did/phoneiJcorrect ' :
D) None are iorrect.
I
i.:i
1
1 7 . W h e n I ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h e m ;t h e y , . . . . . . , , . . , . . ' . r , . : , . ' , . "f;o. .r .t.h. ;r e ey' e a r s . A) meet / was married B) ,rnet/:'got married C) met / had been being married D),met,7,[xd been married
18. ..... ..... smo,ke whehyou r . ' : , . . ! . ' . . ./ ;O. ,U. 'l g e r l , , : ' 'B)'Hadfbu used to had been ; A) Usedyou to / were / , D)'Were you used to / had bpen, C) Did you useto /were 19. When UncleTom was a child,he .......
: r"
..thestarseveryevening.
A) use to count C) was used to count
B);W.ould,count D),wpul4 have counted
A) used to help C) had been used to help
B:) had u.spdto help to help .D),was,uqed
238'.
','
1
: ' r -r f: : " ; i: ' , ,,
rusts GnRvnrRn
Test3 - futuretenses,firture in the past,to be,to,to be aboutto, to be dueto l. I've left the windows open. .. A) I'll go and close them C) I'm going to close them 2. "What A) will we buy C) would we
....... them. B) I go and close.them D) I'm going and I'll close them
..... for her birthdayl"
3. By next week she A) will be C) is going to be
"A good book and a bunch of flowers."
B) shallwe buy D) arewe buying unemployedfor two months. B) will have been D) is
4. We A) are going to C) were going to
B) would D) should
5. The train is ten minutes late. It A) was about to C) was to
B) would D) is due
arrive at 2 o'clock sharp.
... anything on Friday eveningl 6. ..... B) Will You do A) Are you doingD) Do You Plan to do C) Do you do 7. At this time tomorrow they A) are sitting C) will be sitting 8. When I'm retired I ......... A) will C) am to 9. The delegation A) is to arrive C) will arrive 10. By next month Jack A) is learning C) will have been learning II. My God! That lorry ..
A) will run over C) will be running over
'..'.. on the train to London. B) will have been.sitting D) are going to sit travelaround the world. B) shall D) am going to at six. B) is about to arrive D) would arrive
... Italianfor half a year. B) will be learning D) is going to learn .... that cat. B) is going to run over D) is running over
....... his bestto passthe exam' He promised. 12. Jack B) will do A) does is doing D) to do is going C) 13. I think this football team . A) is going to get C) gets
... into the final. B) is getting D) will get
..... the doctor tomorrow. We'vemade an appointment' 14. We B) will see A) are seeing D) will haveseen C) are going to see
239
Gnauuenrcsts 15. This is the third time I've seenthe workerstakeout tools from the factory I ........... ............. ro
the general manager. A) arn reporting C) am going to report
B) will report C) shallreport
16. When I get home, my favourite handball team ......
A) will have beenplaying C) will be playirtg
for ten minutes.
B) will play D) is playing
17. Hopefirlly the population in Hungary A) is going to increase C) will be increasing
in the next few years. B) is increasing D) will increase
18. Don't ring me up at nine becausemy baby
A) is sleeping C) will sleep
B) will havebeensleeping D) will be sleeping
19. I don't think |ames
.... the winner. I bet he
A)is/is C) will be / will
B) will be / is D) will be / will be
20. O.K. I ............
A) "rrt going to lend C) will be lending
my car tomorro\rrl B) arn lending D) will lend
Test4-tensesmixed I. I ... . you arewrong. A) am thinking C) think 2. Tom A) has just
arrived home.
B) just D) hasn'talready
c) has yet
3. The poor lateMr Hopkins A) had never met C) never met
A) is he C) he is
...so rude to me. He isn't usuallv like that.
B) he is being D) he hasbeen .....good.
6. Fortunatelythe BUX index A) is increasing C) increased
...... his children. B) has never met D) hasn't ever met
4. I don't understandwhy .........
5 . T h es o u p. . . . . . . . A) smells C) can smell
B) thought D) havethought
B) is tasting D) was tasting ...... in the last few weeks. B) was increasing D) hasincreased
7. It was the first and the last rime that I ....... ...... there. A) went B) gone C) have gone D) had gone
240
GnnnavRR rusts 8. Is it the first time that you .... A) have seen C) had seen
......this filrnl
B) saw D) hasseen
9. "It's very cold outside.""All right. I ....... A) am taking C) take
a pulloverthen."
B) will take D) .m going to take
10. I . .........Englishfrom L992to 1996thenI startedto work asan interpreter. A) was teaching B) had beenteaching C) taught
D) used to teach
lI. Iack and Tom have known each other A) since the last three months C) since last month
B) one month ago D) for last month
12.By the time I got my degreeI ......... as a foreign trade correspondentfor three years. A) was working B) have been working C) worked D) had been working 13. Sarah A) has called C) calls
...... you just now B) had called D) called
14.I think your English...... A) has beenimproving C) was improving 15. UnfornrnatelyI A) neversaw
...... a lot in thelastfew months. B) improved D) hasimproved ... the pyramids. B) didn't ever see D) haven't never seen
C) have never seen
16.Where ... ) I ..... A) haveyou been/ haven'tseen C) were you / didn't see
......youfor threedays. B) wereyou / haven'tseen D) were you / hadn't seen
L7.By the timeI ......... from theuniversity, L....................fortwentyyears. A) will graduate/ am studying B) will graduate/ will have beenstudying C) will graduateI have beenstudyingD) graduate/ will have beenstudying 1 8 ." W h y . . . . . . . 1 "" L . . . . . onions." A) areyou crying /'ve beenpeeling B) areyou crying/ve peeled C) areyou crying / was peeling D) do you cry /'ve beenpeelingonions 1 9 .T h ew e a t h ei rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .c.o. l d . A) turning B) going C) growing D) going to flrrn 20. WhenI ........... her we A) will marry / will havebeen C) marry / havebeen
..... engaged for two years. B) marry / will havebeing D) marry / will havebeen
Test5 - modals 1. Aunt Nancy A) can C) could
play the violin well when she was young. B) was able to D) have been able to
241
GnnvuRnresls ....reach him for three days. 2. I want to discussa few things with hirn but I .,. B) couldn't A) wasn't able to D) haven't been able to C) can't ....... Terencein Chicago last week becausehe was in London then. 3. You B) weren't able to meet A) couldn't meet D) can't have met C) couldn't have met
4. Wedont needto,goby car.We A) may walk C) must as well 5. Jackwas not on the train. He A) must have missed C) could miss
....;.......wxlk. B) might as well D) haveto ........... it.
B) must'miss D) mustn't havemissed
6. Somebodyis knockingat the door It ....;..............,.Tom. B) shouldbe A) has to be D) could be C) is likely
-!
i
J
...... go into that housef There was a big dog lying in the doorway 7. How B) daredvou to A) did you dare to D) could you dared C) could you dare
that you .......'..,...........here. 8. It is interesting is A) only be rigfit. B) both be andshouldbe are rigltt. C) only shwld.beis right. D) None of them are right. 9. They
.... the girl who fell into the sea. B) w"ereableto rescue D) could haverescue
A) was able to rescue C) could rescue
..... there. 10.I went to the cinemabut therewasno film on. L....... B) I shopldn'tgo, A) didnt hav,eto go D) I cant havegone,, C) I negdn't havegone ,i II. You A) should have to C) can't 12. |ason
B) have to D) must'
.....then. He told me that he was working in his office at that time. B) can't have.slept D),can't be sleeping
A) mustn't havebeensleeping C) can't have beensleeping
upstairs...... 13.'What is this noisel""Our neighbours A) must be giving ,, . C) must give D) cangive B) could give
..... a Partyagain."
14. They insist that everybody
A) are C) should 15. They suggestedthat we A) would go C) went
B) be D) was by-p1ane. : B) to go , D) shoul,dhavegone
242
j-
: , r 'j
il
GnavvnRrusts 16. I'm sitting here doing nothing while I for my exarn. A) should prepare B) should be preparing C) should have prepared D) should be prepared 17. The roads are wet. It A) must have C) may have
... rained. B) might have D) must be
18. Can't you seethe notef You ... A) mustn't C) don't have to
smoke here.
B) shouldn't D) don't allow to
I9.Yesterday I ........ .....to schoolso I could stayin bed until ten. It was 15th March. A) mustn't go B) needn't to go C) needn't have gone D) didn't have to go
20. Whenmy childrengrow up, th.y .. A) will be allowed to C) were allowed to
...... do what theylike. B) will allow to D) allow to
Test6 - conditionals,wish, had betteL would rather, it's time... l. If you had got up earlier,you ...... A) could have C) would have
missedthe flight. B) shouldn't have D) wouldn't have
2. I wish .... raining. A) it wouid stop C) it would have stopped
B) it wouldn't stop D) it stopped
3. Wehadbetter A) not to disturb C) didn't disturb
B) not disturb D) wouldn't disturb
, . . . . . . . . . . .h i m .
4. They would rather A) didn't go C) hadn't gone 5. It's time A) leaving C) left
... home late. B) won't go D) not go . now B) to leave D) we leave
6. ....... ....... we wouldn't havereachedour destinationin time. A) If it were for the car B) If it had been for the car C) If we hadn't been for the car D) But for the car 7. We wish ... about everything all the time. A) she wouldn't complain B) shewould complain C) she complained D) shedidn't complain 8. ......
......, remind her to give me a ring. B) If you had met her D) Should you meet her
A) If you would meet her C) Shouldvou havemet her 9. I would rather A) not to go C) didn't go
...... to bed now B) went D) go
243
resrs GReuHann they would be playingtennisnow 10. .......... A) If it hadn't been for the good weather B) If it were for the bad weather C) If it weren't for the good weather D) If it weren't for the bad weather to university after the secondarygrammar schooll
Il. Would you rather I .............
B) would go D) will go
A) go C) went 12. If they really... A) want C) should want
. .. you to go home barefoot in such cold weather,they were indeed cruel. B) would want D) wanted
. . . . . . . . . . . .y. o u . 1 3 .I w i s h A) I wouldn't have met C) I hadn't met 14. You'd better A) to remain C) would remain
B) wouldn't meet D) didn't meet
...... seated. B) remained D) remain
15. It isn't raining now but I'll take an umbrella with me B) provided A) if D) as long as C) in case
...... you don't spend it on gambling.
16. I'll lend you some money A) in case C) as long
B) provided D) on that condition you buy her everythingshewants.
17. Shewon't marryyou ......... A) if only C) evenif 18. Youwill missthe bus A) unless C) in case
it rains later.
B) even though D) only
...... you takea taxi. B) provided D) on conditionthat
....... you take our advice. 19. You'll be able to recoverfrom this illness B) so long A) as long as D) eventhough C) unless 20. It's time the children A) went C) to go
B) would go D) had gone
Test7 - passive,causative L Shedoesn't like A) be asked C) be asking
abouther work. B) to be ask D) beingasked
2. People say that he was a criminal. This sentencemeans the same as: A) He is said to be a criminal B) He was told to be a criminal C) He is said to have been a criminai D) He is told to be a criminal
244
Gnnvvnn resrs 3. I won't have them smoking here. This sentencemeans the same as:
A) I'll let them smokehere. B) I won't let them smokehere. C) I won't offer them to smokehere. D) I can't standtheir smokinghere. 4. If you can't keep quiet the police will questioneverybodyThis sentencemeansthe sameas: A) You'll havethe police questioneverybody B) You'llhavethe policequestioningeverybody C) You'll make the police question everybody D) You'llhaveeverybodyquestionedby ttre police. 5. Theseletters ...... from five ro seven. A) was being printed B) were printed C) were being printed D) havebeenprinted 6. If the policefind Jack, A) he would be arrested C) he will be arrested
B) he should be arrested D) he is being arested
7. This medicine has some side-effectstoo. It can also ............ diz,zv. A) get you feel B) have you feeling C) get you to feel D) makeyou feel
"Why don't you 8. "I don't understandthis sentence." ...... it| Her Englishis reallygood." ' A) get your secretarytranslating B) haveyour secreraryuanslate C) make your secretarytranslate D) get your secrerarytranslated 9. Beforewe moved into the flat, we A) had the plumber repair the taps B) had had the tapsrepairedby the plumber C) got the plumber to repair the tapsD) madethe plumber to repair the taps I0. Tim
... openhis suitcase.
A) was made to C) was forced
B) was got to D) was got
ll. ......... enter the ofiice without my permission) A) Did you allow to B) Were you allowed to C) Have you been allowed D) Were you allowed
12. Unfornrnatelywe couldn't A) get her work C) get her to work 13. A book
...... with us. B) makeher to work D) haveher work
.... her for her birthdav
A) had been given to C) will be given to
B) was given D) has been given
14. Shegot her pursestolen.This sentencemeansthat: A) Her purse was stolen without her noticing it. B) Her pursewas stolenand sheknew who had doneit. C) Shehad her pursestolenby someoneon purpose. D) Shehad a pursewhich wasstolen. 15.I don't think this parry........ A) would be elected C) will be elected
again. B) shallbe elected D) is going to be elected 245
rrsrs GRRHavRn ...... l" "For two years.They will soon finish it." 16. "Since when ... B) was this theatre built A) had this theaue been built D) has this theatre been built C) was this theatre being built 17. "How long ..... ........1" "For five months.They finishedit last week." A) has the motorway been repaired B) has the motorway been being repaired C) was the motorway being repaired D) is the motorway repaired 18. "Yourhouselooks nice.""Yes, A) I had had it painted C) I have had it painted
............ ." B) I got it painted. D) I had got it painted
19. They wouldn't have done anything lil<e that before. I'm sure that somebody forced them. Who B) had them to do C) made them do
;i -J; ,t,.-;"tt;" B) get them done
20. We didn't let anybody in. This sentencemeans tfre same as: A) Nobody was allowed to enter. B) We didn't allow anybody enter. C) We didn't allow to enter. D) We weren't allowed to enter.
TestS-reportedspeech I. He saysthat he A) will be C) would be
..... late and we can start the meeting without hirn. B) would be D) was
2 . W h a rd i d h e t h i n k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) B) will do A) we would do D) are doing C; ao home. .. TV when th.y .. 3. They said that Tom . B) was watching f arrled A) will be watching f arrive D) had been watching / had arrived C) was watching / had arrived 4. He admiaed that he A) has stolen C) had stolen 5. She said she was leaving A) two days later C) in two days' 6. He said that we ... A) may as well go C) may as well have gone 7. Whv did vou believe that L.. A) am'leaving C) want to leave 8. He hesitatedwhether A) would stay / would go C) to stay / should go
.... our monelz B) was stolen D) stole
B) two days after D) in two days'time by bus. B) might as well go D) might as well have gone.
B) will leave D) would leave ......... out. .. at home or .... B) should stay / to go D) to stay / go
246
GRevvnR resrs 9. He saidwhen he ..... ... younger,he ........... .. dancewell. A) had been / had been able to B) was / had been able to C) was / could D) was / was able to I0. My sistersaysshe ... A) had written / sat C) had written / had sat ll. We were ... A) said C) suggested
...... rwo letterssinceshe B) has written / sat D) has wrinen / had sat
.. down to work.
to wait for them at the station. B) told D) insisted
12. Anna askedwhy I had had to go to New York the day before. The original sentencewas: A) Why do you have to go to New York tomorrow| B) Why did you have to go to New York yesterdayl C) Why did you have to go to New York two days beforel D) VVhy did you have to go to New York the day before yesterdayl 13. Sheilaaskedwhether we ...... A) want to C) would like to 14. Who suggestedyou .. A) to stay B) staying 15. Did A) B) C) D)
...... go to the cinemathat night. B) would have liked to D) will want to .. away from workl B) that you should stay D) dlat you to stay
you move to this town two years agol In reported speech: He asked if I moved to that rown rwo years before. He askedif I had moved to that to*n the year before. He askedif I had moved to this town rwo years before. He askedif I had moved to that town two years before.
16. She said if she A) had been C) would be 17. He offered A) whether to help C) that he should help
me, she wouldn't buy that flat. B) were D) should be . me but I refused his help. B) to help D) helping
lB. She complained that she A) has lost C) had lost
all her money B) lost
19. Your brother said drat he .......
... iazzmusic. B) had liked D) has liked
A) likes C) liked
D) loses
20. He boastedthat he A) had bought a flat the following week. B) buys a flar next week. C) would buy a flat the week after D) would buy a flat the following week.
Test9 - gerund, infinitive, participle I. We could afficrd
A) buying C) to buy
..... a new car. B) having bought D) to have bought
247
resrs GnavvRn 2 . H e w a st h e f i r s t . . .
A) who arrived / left C) arriving / leaving
. . a n dt h el a s t . . . . . . . . . . B) to arrive / to leave D) to arrive / leaving
3. First he spoke about the past then he A) went on to speak C) went on speak
' about the future' speaking on B) goes D) went on sPeaking
4. ,.Who saw fhe burglars
in through the window)"
"Tim did. He saw everything."
B) climbing D) climb
A) climbed C) to climb
5. Having read the newsPaPerhe switched on the TV This sentencemeans that: A) He was watching TV while reading the newspaper B) He switched on the TV after he had read the newsPaPer' c) After he had switched on the TV he started to read the newspaper D) Before reading the newspaper he switched on the TV German. 6. I have speak to difficulties A) C) difiiculry to speak
7.We apologised A) her for C) for her
B) difficulty in speaking D) difficulty speaking
beingso rude to her. B) to her for D) her to
.'.' you. ..... whatI said.I didn'tmean... 8. I regret B) saying / to have hurt A) saying/ hurting D) to say / to hurt C) saying/ to hurt 9. The issuesto be discussedare very important.This sentencemeansthat: A) The issuesthat should be discussedare very important' are very important' B) The issuesthat havebeendiscussed C) The issuesthat are being discussedare very important. D) The issuesbeing discussedare very important. I0. Thereis no point A) in C) at I I . Y o us e e m. . A) to be C) being
with her. .............arguing B) to
D)...........pale. B) be D) to havebeen
12. It is thought that his house was broken into. This sentencemeans the same as: A) His house was thought to be broken into. B) His house is thought to have been broken into. C) His house was thought to have been broken into. D) His house is thought to be broken into. . the flat, we found a letter on the floor. 13. .......... A) After entering B) While entering C) On entering D) Entering
248
Gnevvan rrsrs 14. She doesn't like .....
.while working.
A) disturbing C) being disturbed 15. We uied ........ A) moving C) move
B) to disturb D) to be disturbing that stove but we couldn't. B)to move D) to have moved
16. ...... .... learning hard, he failed the exam. A) In spite B) Although C) Even if D) Despite 17. She needs looking after. This sentencemeans rhar: A) She needs to look after somebody B) She needssomeone to look after. C) She needs being looked after. D) She needs to be looked after. 18. Having been dismissed he couldn't support his family This sentencemeans that: A) After dismissing, he couldn't s,rpport his family B) Before he was dismissed he couldn't supporr his family C) He couldn't support his family so he was dismissed. D) After he had been dismissedhe couldnlt support his family 19. Have you ever tried ...... A) to drive C) having driven
a car at 220 kphf I have.It is terrific. B) driving D) to have driven
20. Geningup earlyis not a problemfor me. I ...,................. to it. A) used B) have been used C) havegot used D) get used
Test10 - relativeclauses,purposeclauses I. Have you met the girl A) only 'that / who' C) -/who/which
...... your brother is sitting next tol B) only Vhich / who' D) -/that/who
2. This is the most exciting filrn .........
A) only'what' C) only'which' 3. Can you see that house A), the windows of which, C) whose windows (no commas) 4. The only thing
... I've ever seen.
B) only'that' D) that / are very beautiftrl) B), whose windows, D) the windows of which (no commas)
...... you can do is sit and wait.
A) only'r C) only'which'
B) only'what' D) that / -
5. Brian, ., is very handsome. A) who I've alreadytold you about B) I've alreadytold you about C) who I've already told you
D) that I've already told you
6. I've got four sisters.TicmorrowI'm going to seemy sister A) , who lives in Toronto B) - lives in Toronto C) that lives in Toronto D) , that lives in Toronto 249
GRnvvnnrrsrs 7. Our teacher A) , who C) , to whom
I gave a bunch of flowers yesterday had an accident. B) that D) for whom
8. We moved around in the flat on tiptoe A) in order that we can't C) lest we should
... wake up the children. we won't B) so that D) not to
9. Everybodywas surprisedat his behaviour B) which wasvery irritating A) that was very irritating D) , which wasvery irritating C) what was very irritating I0. This is the place A) only 'where' C) only'-'
.... I met Sue last week. B) only'that' D) - / where . recogniseme.
1I. I was wearing a mask A) so drat nobody can C) so drat nobody will
B) so that nobodyshould D) so that nobodywould
L2. ..... he saysis interesting. B) The thing, which A) The thing what D) The thing, what C) What you haveto forgive them.
13. This is the reason........ A) only', for which' C) only'why'
B) only', why' D) why/ read it too. B) to be able to D) so that he could
14. I gave him this book .. A) so that he can C) in order to 15. We had a burglar alarm installed A) for fear that the house should C) in order the house not to be 16. I'll set the aiarm clock A) to C) so that I can 17. Dr Watson A) the book of whose C) , whose book
..... be broken into. B) lest the house should D) so that the house won't be . wake up early in the morning. B) so that I will D) so that I would
. all of us have read, will give a lecture on a new phenomenon. B) whose book D) the book of whom
18. My flat... is very coslz B) which is in the centre A) that's in the centre D) what's in the centre C) , which is in the centre, 19. Can you see that man in a black hatf This sentencemeans the same as: A) Can you see that man, who is wearing a black hatl B) Can you see that man, which is wearing a black hat) C) Can you seethat man who is wearing a black hat) D) Can you seethat man, that is wearing a black hatl are very naughty 20. My children A) , who are sleeping norq B) , who aresleepingnow D) who aresleepingnow C) drat are sleeping now
250
I i a
Gnnvventests
Test11 - inversion,cleft sentences,embedded questions I. No sooner had we arrived home A) then C) when
.. it started to rain. B) than D) as
2. He deceived you. Make the underlined part emphatic. A) It was he who deceived you. B) It's he who deceivesyou. C) It was him who deceivedyou, D) It's him who deceivesyou. 3. How A) B) C) D)
l o n g d i d s h es a y . . . . . . . . . . . . .I had they been working together they have been working together were they working together they had been working together
4. 'Jack was late." " A) So was Tina. C) Neidrer was Tina.
" *, Nor was Tina. D) Such was Tina.
5. We could write the test-paper only by using a cheat-sheet.This sentencemeans the same as: A) By only using a cheat-sheetcould we write the test-paper. B) Only by using a cheat-sheetwe could write the test-paper. C) By only using a cheat-sheetwe could write the test-paper. D) Only by using a cheat-sheetcould we write the test-paper. 6. I'm sure it was David who Jack was phoning. This sentencemeans the same as: A) It might be David who /ack was phoning. B) It may have been David who jack was phoning. C) It could have been David who Jack was phoning. D) It must have been David who ]ack was phoning. 7. Should you seea ghost, what would you dof This sentenceis the same as: A) Provided you should seea ghost, what would you do. B) What if you saw a ghostf C) As long as you saw a ghost, what would you dol D) If you happened to seea ghost, what would you dol 8. What did you believel Who is hef A) What did vou believe he wasf B) What did i'ou believe was hel C) Who did vou believe he wasf D) Who did you believe was hef 9. That's
A)C) why 10.It's A) I C) him
... I don't iike about hirn. B) which D) what
....... who needshelp. B) me D) her
11. What does she thinkf How long have you known mel A) What does she think how long you have known mef B) How long she thinks have you known mef C) How long does she think you had known mel D) How long does she think you have known mel
251
rgsrs GnavvnR 12. I went to universiw A) as my sister did C) so my sister did
B) so did my sister D) as did my sister
13. ... ...... the wavesthat the boat overnrrned. B) Such big were A) So were D) Such were C) Were so big . the door. B) opened D) to open
14. What Greg did was ..... A) that he open C) open 15. I really understood everything! A) I do understood everything C) I do understand everything.
B) I did understood everything D) I did understand everything.
t6. I knew who the murderer was right at the beginning of thef'lrn. A) at the most beginning of the film B) when the film had not started C) at the very beginning of the film D) at the beginning of the very film L7. A) B) C) D)
It were ]ack and )ill who met the witch in the forest. They were Jack and Jill who met the witch in the forest It are Jack and Jill who met the witch in the forest. It was Jack and Jill who met the witch in the forest.
18. ThaCsall A) canI do C) what I cando
B) what canI do. D) I cando.
19. All you cando is .... A) run C) running
B) to run D) that run it startedto rain.
20. Hardly had we left the building B) then D) that
A) than C) when
Test12 - questiontags, articles l. ...... .... the currencyof Hungary B) Forint is A) Forints are D) The forint is C) The forints are 2 . W ew e n t . . . . . . . . A) in the hospital C) in hospital
to visit our grandmother. B) to the hospital D) to hospital
3. You'dbetter stay at home, A) didn't you C) hadn't you
B) wouldn't you D) had youf
likepop-music. 4. ............ A) The most people C) Most people
B) The most of people D) Most of the people
. 5 . T h e r ei s a b i g g a pb e t w e e .n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I ,l d B) rich / poor A) therich-men/ the poor men D) the rich / the poor C) the rich / poor
252
:
GRRVtr,len rrsrs 6 . H a v ey o ue v e rb e e n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A) in the CznchRepublic B) to CzechRepublic C) in CzechRepublic D) to the CzechRepublic 7 . H a v ey o um e t
.........f
A) the Browns C) the Browns' 8. ............
B) the Brown's D) Browns
can be found in North America.
A) Rockies C) The Rockies
B) RockyMountain D) RockyMountains
9. ...... . . . . . . D a n u b ef l o w si n t o . . . . . . . . . A) the / the B) the / C)-/the D)-/-
B l a c kS e a .
I 0 . L e t ' sg o t o t h e c i n e m a ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A) won't we B) shan't we C) shall we D) will we Il. Somebodyknockedat the dooq didn't
A) it C) she
........f
B) he D) they
12. "I read neither magazinesnor newspapers.""I do. I read A) Elite and the Sun B) the Sun and the Elite C) Sun and Elite D) Sun and the Elite
...... and
13.WhenI wasin America I saw...............WhiteHousebutI didn'tsee...............Kennedy Airport. A) - / the B) the / the
c)-t-
14. Do you like A)the/the C)-/the
D)the/-
catsor do you prefer B)-/B)the/-
15. Stop quarrelling, A) shallyou C) will you
B) won't you D) shan'tyoul
16. We spent our holidays at ...... A) the Lake Bdaton C) Red Sea
B) Lake Garda D) River Tisza
L7.Wewill go A) by the red car C) in the red car
...........dogsf
last year.
oKl B) by red car D) in red car
1 8 .W h y d o n ' tw e g o f o r a w a l k A) in such a lovely weather B) in so lovely weather
...............)
1 9 .. . . . . . . . . wegq A) The fastest/ the earliest
. . . . . .w e g e tr h e r e . B) Faster/ earlier D) The faster/ the sooner
C) Fast / soon
B) in suchlovelyweather D) in so a lovely weather
20. ......
...... FBI is searching for a bankrobberin............ B) -/the C)the/D) the / the
A)-l-
253
Sahara Desert.
pEPAUONDATOKBAN ANGOLNYELWAN Tenses- lgeid6k
I traaelabroad'onceA'mnnth. Egyszer egy h6napban utazom kiilfoldre. I rarelywaryelabrond.. Ritkdn ut^zom kiilfoldre. abroad.. I dnn't oftentvaryel Nem utazom gyakran kiilfoldre. j abroad.a ht? Whonaryels Ki utazik sokat kiilfoldre? Wl,todnesn'ttravelabroad'meryyear? I Ki nem utazik ki.ilfoldre minden dvbenl abroad.with? waarcl yow usually dn Who ki.ilfotdre) utazol Altaldban kivel I sooften? Whydneshe tvaoelabroad, Midrt utazik kiilfoldre olyan gyakranf i Theyare travellingabrondnow. Most dpp ktilfbldre utaznak. I W are naaellingabroad'next weeh. I Jov6 hdten kiilfol&e utazunk. W uswaltyEend'oar hokd'ayin thehornecowntrybwt I Altaldban itthon toltjtik a szabadsdgunkat, thisyearweA,renaoellingabroad'. de azid1n kiilfoldre megyi.ink. I is always/ Iru solonely.futy husband. Olyan maginyos vagyok. | constantly A f6rjem folyton ktiLlfoldre utazik. / forarcr nauellingabroad'. I Thenwrnberofpeoplewhotravelabroad'is increasing. I A ki.ilfoldre utaz6 emberek szdma novekszik. cWhatareyou domgthesed.ays?" ",,Semmi Kilonoset. I ,,Nditcsindlszmostandban| "Nothing special.I'rn nawlling hereand'there. Ide-oda utazgatok. Most miir I " I cannfford'it now." megengedhetemmagamnak. I abrond" Lastyear theytranelled. Thvaly kiilfoldre utaztak. I ' T.voyea.rsogowo trapelled. obroad'. Kit dwel ezel6tt kiilftildre utaztunk. I Whyd.id'you tvapelabroad'? Midrt utaztatok kiilfoldrel | hewas,Tamlkng Thistimeyesterd'ay Tegnap ilyenkor mdr utazott. I *avelling W wwe utaztunk. Reggelt6l estig from' rnorningtill night' I When/ Wilewe werenawlling to Rorne Amikor/ Mikozben R6mdba utaztunk' I had.an occidrnt. we balesetirt benni.inket. I Whileweweretra'velling,wewtre taking abruttheschool. Mialatt utaztunk, az iskoldr6l bes#lgeai.ink. I W were*a;vellingall last night. Tegnap eglsz €jjel utaztunk. I '"Theyha;pe "Were abroad.," naryelled pannts?" your Me utaztak." sziiieidl" vannak a f ,,Kiilfoldre ,,I{ol Haueyou opernanelled'on a hwercraft? IJ taztitl,mdr valaha ldgpdrnds haj6n I I huneyet? Haaethey,va;ttelled' Hazautaztakmdr) | yet. horu'e Theyhanen't*aryelled. Mdg nem utaztak haza. I home. travelled' nlrend,y ha:te They Miir hazautaztak. I W have*aryelledbyplaneseveraltimesf wire. Mdr tobbszor I kitszrr utazffnk repiil6gdppel' I byplane. I time that I havetravelled. Thisis thesecond' Ez a mdsodik alkalom, hogy repiil6vel utazom. nbroadthisweeh. He hastra:rtelled' Ezen a hiten ktilfoldre utazott. I sofar hilometres six hwnd'red' W haarctra'ttelled Eddig mir hatszdzkilomitert utaztunk. I a lnt in thelastfew months' W haryetraryelled' Az ut6bbi pdr h6napban sokat utaztunk. I Sincewhen/ How hng haoeyou beennanelling? Mi6ta utaztok mdrl I W hapebeennamlling for threehoursf tincenoon' I Hdrom 6rija lddl6ta utazunk. Hw hng did.yoa tra:velf wereyou traoelling? Mennyi ideig utaztatokl f lM trdilelledf weretrattellingfor threehours. Hdrom 6rin irt utaztunk. I wawttins been I hnPe '#:H;:!f*' Nagyon kimeriilt vagyok. Mdr vagy egy napja utazom. I W ha;pebeennauellingall d'aylong. Bg6sz nap csak utazunk. I Beforeweglt there,we hnd,na,velled' Miel6tt odairtiink, hirromszin I hilomewes. threehund'red' I kilomdtert ut^ztunk. Ez volt a mdsodik alkalom, hogy repi.il6vel utaztunk. Mdr kdt 6rrija utaztunk, amikor defektetkapnrnk. Hogyan utazzunk oda)
,W';'::naryeted I
pEloevoruoRroKBAN Arucor NYELVTAN Nem tudom. En azt hiszem. vonattal fogok utazni. ,$ gyerekiink megbetegeden." ,"Akkor arcnnal hazautaz,om." FIa te hazautaznl,6n itt maradok. Amikor hazautazoL,ne felejtsd el magaddal vinni a dokumentumokat! Holnap ilyenkor m:ir utazni fogunk. Holnap egdsznap utazni fogonk. Holnapra hi.romezer kilomdtert tesziink meg. Ma estdremir tiz 6rijalesz, hogy utazunk. A nyrir vigin szdnddkomban rill elutazni valahovd. Nizd azokat a b6rondoket a szomszid ajtajriban!El fognak urazni valahovd. Ugy volt, hogy pinteken utazunk ktilfoldre, de elhalasztottuk. Valahasokat utaztam. Nagyap6 valaha g6zmozdonnyal utazott. Ugy van, hogy kedden utaznak haza. Ugy volt, hogy kedden utaznak haza. Epp haza akartak vtazri, amikor kaptak mig egy fontos megbizatrist. Hdwdgdn kell hazautazniuk
I dnn't hnow.I thinh I'll waoel hy train. "Our child.hasgot ill." "Then I will trwel homeiw.med.iately.D Ifyou navel horue,I will ony here. Whenyou tra;yelhomednn'tforget to td.h.e the dncnwentswith you. This tirne tnrnowowwe will be tra;velkng. W will be traanlling ell df,y tomarrnw. W will haryetrapelled,three thousand. hihmctres by tomoww. By tonight we will hapebeentraanlkng for ten hours. At the end,of the sarnmerI'rngoing to trwel sornewhere. Looh at thosesuitca.ses in the neighbou* dnuway. Tbeyaregoing to tyavelsom.ewhere. W weregoing to tratel abroad. on Frid.aybut weput it ofr I used.to tTa.reln let. Grand.pawould.travel by *earn engine. Theyare to tTnpelhomeon Tuad.ay. Thiy were tu napel horneon Trttioy. Theywereabout to trayel hom.ewhen tb eygot another imptortant assignm.ent. Theya.red.ueto traryelhome,at the weehend..
Modals Ability - K6pess69 Most tud aludni. Mostandban nem tud aludni. Amikor gyerek voltam, di.lig tudtam aludni. Bdr nagy voltazaj, a gyerekeknek sikeriilt elaludniuk. Mi viszont nem rudrunk elaludni ekkora zajban.
He cansleepnaw. He ha.sn'tbeenableto sleeprecently. Wen I wasn child.I could.sleepuntil naon. Althougbtherewa.sruuchnoise thechildrenwereabletofall'd^sleep. Howcperwewerenttableto/ could.ntt in suchnoise. fall asleep
Probability- Val6szinfis6g Possibility- Lehet6s6g Olyan f;iradt vagyok. ftdndk most aludni. Most aludhatndk, mert senki nem zavar. Olyan fiiradt voham, hogy dllva el tudtam volna aludni. Ejjel megint dolgoznom kellett. Nem volt gond, amfigy sem tudtam volna aludni. Alhattam volna, de nem akartam. Otthon alhatotr, mert ^z dgya nem volt bevetve. O nem alhatott otthon, mert nem vette fel a telefont. Biztosan el fog aludni az el6addsalan. Most biztosan alszik. Biztosan elaludt.
I'rn sotired..I could.sleepnmt I could,sleepnowbecnuse nobodyis diswrbingme. f wnssotired,that I could,haoe whilestand,ing. fallen a,sleep I had to wmhat night again. It wasn'ta ltroblem I cowld.n'tha:rte sleptenyway. I couldhaoesleptbut I d,idn'twa,lrtto. He cowld, haneslEt at hone becaase hisbedwasn'tmad.e. He coild.n'tbraae sleptat honq because hedid.n'tanstater thephune. He rnustfall asleep d.aringthelecture. He rnustbedeepingnow. I{e rnwsthavefallen asleep. 255
PELDAMoNDAToKBAN Aruaol NYELWAN Biztosan mdr 6rrik 6ta alszik. Akkor biztosan 6pp aludt. Biztos, hogy nem fog elaludni az el6ad{s alatt. Most biztosan nem alszik. Biztos, hogy nem alszik rdg6ta. Biztos, hogy akkor ipp nem aludt. Val6szhri, hogy elalszik az el6addsalatt. Nem val6szinii, hogy elalszik az el6adds alatt. Val6szinri,hogy most 6pp alszik. Nem val6szinri, hogy ipp alszik. Val6szinri, hogy akkor elaludt. Nem val6szinri, hogy akkor elaludt. Val6szinfi, hogy mrir 6rdk 6ta alszik. Nem val6szin(, hogy 6rdk 6ta alszik. Val6szhri, hogy akkor ipp aludt. Nem val6szfnri, hogy akkor 6ppen dudt. Val6szrnri, hogy el fognak aludni reggel. Nem nagyon val6szinri, hogy elalszanak reggel. Berillitottdk az €breszt66rit. Ali:ir el is alhatnak. Nem maradnak le semmir6l.
He must hape beensleepingfor hours. He mast haryebeensleEing then. d.aring the lecutre. He can'tfall a,sleep He can't besleEing now. He can't ha:rtebeensleepingfor a hng tirne. He cnn't hapebeensleepingthen. He rna.y/ rnight fall ashepduring the lectare. He rnay/ might nntfd'll asleepduring the lectare. He may / rnight besleepingnow. He rna.y/ might nnt besleepingnow. He may / might haoefallen ashepthen. He rnay/ rnight not ha'vefallen asleE tben. He rnay/ might have beensleEing for hours. He may / rnight nnt haile beensleEing for hours. He rnay/ might ham beensleepingthen. He rnay/ rnight nlt hdile beensleepingthen. Theyare lihely to wersleepin the moming. They are not l)try lihely to wersleE in the moming.Thty hatveset the alarm.clnch. rury *bht/ ,r,ol a,swellwenlnE.Theywont ni$ arrydtng'
- Enged6ly Permission Alhatok a kanapdjrinf $hatok a kanapidon| O nem alhat a bardtn6jdvel, amikor a szi.ileinil vannak. Neked nem fogjrik megengedni, hogy egy szobdbanaludjdl vele. Mdr hetek 6ta nem engedik meg, hogy a szobrijribanaludjak. Te megengeded, hogy a Linyod egy szobriban aludjon a bardtjrivall Te hagyod" hogy a gyerekeid a barritaiknril aludj anak|
May I sleEonyour sofo? Can I deeponyour sofa? He rnaynot sleEwith hisgirlfiend' whenthry Me ot herparents'howe. hu won't beallnwed'to sleepin oneroolnwith hn to sleEin hn roomforweehs. I haven'tbeenall.awed' Doyoa alhw your daaghterto sleeP in oneroornwith her boyfti'end'? Doyou letyoar child,rensleepat theirfriends'?
Obligation- Koteless6g Trilhajszoltad magad. Aludnod kell. Holnap reggel nem alhatok tn 6riig. El kell6rnem a vonatot. Vezetdskozben nem szabadelaludnod. A prilyaudvarokon tilos aludni. Sziiksigem van egy kis alvdsra. Nem kell aludnom. SziiksCgemvolt egy kis alvdsra. Nem kellett aludnom. Nem lett volna sztiksdges drdga szdllodai szobdban aludnom, mert volt m6g hely a didkszdll6banis.
fruhe beenwerworhtng.marnustsleep. I cantt deeptill ten o'chchtnrltorrow. I will haryeto catchthe tvain. "Iiu rnustn'tfoll wleE whiledriti'ng. lhu mustn'tsleepat thestd'tionts, toget sornesleE.m I need, I needgetsowesleE. to sleep. I dndt need. I need.n'tsleep. mget somesleE. I needed. I didn't needto sleE. I needn'tha'vesleptin an expewive therewasa hotelroom,because pil,cancy in thestudanthosteltoo.
erkolcsikoteless6g Adviceand moralobligation- Tan6cs, Tcibbetkellenealudnod. A professzorel6adrisdnnem kdneelaludnod. Legalibbis in nem tenn6m ezt.
sleepmore. ftu oughtto/ should. in the fra oughtn'tn / shouldn'tfnll dsleep profesor\ lecuue.At leastI shouWn'tdn this, 256
pFLoeH4ot{ontorenNl Arucol NyELVTAN 'ku
Ejjel kellett volna aludnod. Nem kellett volna reggel elaludnod. Be kellett volna dllitanod az 6breszt66rft.
oaght m have/ shoald.haw sleptat night. hu oughtn't to haw / shmld.n't ha,pewnslEt. in the moming.'hu ought to ha;ve/ should.haryeset the alarm cloch.
Subjunctive- Kot6m6d , i
Ragaszkodotthoz'26., hogy nriluk aludjak. Az orvos azt javasolta,hogy szedjekaltat6t.
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_ Fontos,hogy most aludjdl.
He insistedthat I steep sleepat their howse. / showld. Thed.octor sagested.ihatI tahe/ iooh/ should. tahe ttuping pitk. h'; i*pirtant that yousteep slee7t now, / shoutd.
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sotetuennem merremelaludni, amikor meg gyerekvolram. Hggy mgrszigy viselkednil Val6szrnf,hogy "l*tritj"L a bajnoksrigot. "N.* dn vagyoka hibds.",,Elhiszem,de el6bb mutassaa jogosiwdnydt."
I d.idn'td,a.re to/ d.ared, notfail a.steep in thed.arhwbenI wasa child, How d.areyou behove tihethis? I d,a.resay ihat wewill hsethechampionship. "r'm notatfault." ,,1daresay, bwtfwst showmeyoir driri"g licenci.l'
I JPoliterequestsand offers- udvariask6r6s,felajanrds II
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Lehalkftandtoka tiv6t| Nem tudok aludni. Alhatndknilatok) y"ia in alszoma gyerekekkel Szeremdlitt aludni)
Cowld, yow/ Wutd you/ Wll you tum dnwnthe TW I can't sleept. Coald.I/ May I steEat your'plan? I witt steep w[th tbeiun*rto. Wutd.yowliheto sleep here?
JHadbetter/ would rather/ tt's (high)time Jobbantenn6/ InkdbbI ltl az ideje...
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I had.bettergoto bed.. I.P_b* tennim, ha lefekiidn6k. tenndm, ha most nem feki.idndk le. I had.bener-nutgrt0 bed.now. I.Pl+ most lefekiidnik. I wouldratherjo n bednow. Irk4PP fektidnik le. I woutd. rather-notgoto bed.now. l$dbP T.9:t l:m Most inkdbb lefekiidndk,mint tdvdt n6zzek. I wowld. rothergr io bed.nowthan watchTV Az szeretnim, ha most inldbb lefekiidndtek. I wouldrather-youwent t0 bed,now y tTt:TdT, ha most inkdbb nem felitidndtekle. I would,ratheryou d.id.n'tgoto bed.now. az ideje,hogy lefeki.idjiink. It\ tim.etogo io bed. I" I" az ideie,hogy a gyerekeklefektidjenek. It's timefoi thechild.rentogo to bed.. It\ tirnethechild.renwentto bed. regfbbb ideje,hogy lefeKidjetek. rt's abouttimeyoawentto bed. lt's high tirneyou wentto bed..
ponditional/l wish...- Felt6teles m6d / Biircsak... I I [ I I I
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megiro{ a levelet,feladom. Ir megirndda levelet,feladnrim. 11" megirtadvolna a levelet,feladtamvolna. 5l Feladnrimmost a leveldt,ha lcorribban
megffia voha.
Megi"om a l1r9le5 feltdve,ha feladod. Nem fogom feladni a levelit, hacsak -"9 nem kir rd. Meghfvlakegy kiivdra,amennyibenfeladod neKemezra tevelet.
If yowwrite theletteryI wilt pox it. ifioa wrntetheletteriI woitd.postit. ifyo;u had.writtm tie tenet;I'woutd.hawposted. it. i woutd. poo hislenernowif hehad,writtin it earlin. I witt write thetetterprwidcd./ prwid.ingyoapustit. I won'tposthishttninhss he'ishsrneto. I witt iwite youfir a cffie aslongas loa pIst thishnerfor me.
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PELDAMoNDAToKBAN ANcot- NYELWAN
Tegyiik fel, hogy megirom neki ezt a levelet, hogyan fog reagdlnil AkIo, ,"rri irof.r"ki levelet, ha megsdrt6dik. Ha a helyedben lennik, irndk neki levelet. Ha nem ienne meg a levil, nem tudndnk bebizonyitani, hogy igazunk van. Ha nern lett volni meg a levdl, nem tudtuk volna bebizonyitani, h-ogy igazunk van. Ha telefondlhatn,itok, nlm [elene levelet irnotok. Ha telefonrilhattatok volna. nem kellett volna levelet ftnotok. Arra azesetre, ha nem drem utol telefonon, frok neki levelet. Ha nem drem utol telefonon, frok neki levelet.
drtesits! a levele, megdrkezne Haesetreg Ha hajland6leszmegirni a levelet, nem t;lefondlunk a siiiLleinek.
Swpponyg/ SupposeI write tbis letter to hirn, how will he react? I won't write n lettn to hhn wen if hegets offend'ed'. If I wereyow,^I wowld'write a letter to himIf it weren'tfor / Bwt for the letteq we cowldn'tTrove that we ate right. If it bafut''t beenfor / But for the letter we cowldn't haneprwed, thal ye wereright. . If you could,phone,you would'n't have to write a letter
Ifyoa had'beennbletoPhone,
you wowld'n'thnvehad,to write o lettet In caseI dnn't reachhirn on theph2ne, I will write hirn a letter If I d.on'treachhim an tbephone,I will write hfuna lexer l
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If hewill write thelener; hisparents. wewon'tTthone
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Ebbenkeriiletbenmindenivbenipiilneknihir;rk.
are baih in thisd'isnict. Everyyearnrw houses
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dpiteni. Ide egy k6rhdzatszdnddkoznak dpiteni. is kell Hidicat Itt hidakat kell, hogy dpitsenek.
A hospitalisgocngyobebuilt here' baneto bebui,lttoo. Brid,ges a'reto bebuih here. Brid'ges
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Causativeconstruction- Mfiveltet6s ]6v6 hiten egy fordit6 irodrival lefordittatonia levelet.
lealevelet. hogyfordftsam Kdnyszeritettek,
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Next weehI witl hate./get thisletter wanslotedbya translatingffice'
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, W##rfr#f';Y:;::if{#-, eztarevelet hogyleforditsa arra, Mikdsztette 258
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pEtoaNloroRroranll NyELVTAN
Rdvettem arra, hogy forditsa le a levelet. A titkdrn6vel fordfttatom le a levelet. Megtarutalak trincolni. Nem fogom megengedni, hogy a hr2amban trincoljanak. A vigin mdg mindenkit tdncra perdftesz. Tdnc kcizbeneltortem a ldbamat.
Igot her t0 tra.nsla.teths letter I will haoe/ get the secreta?'traoslate the lettn I will haveyow d.nncing. f won't hapethern d.ancingin my howse. hw'll hate averybod.y d.ancing. While d.ancingIgot / had lny leg brohen.
ReportedSpeech- Frigg6 besz6d Aztkfrdezte, minden nap megyek-e futni. Trdni akarta, mikor mentem haza el6z.b este. Azt mondta, hogy mdr hetek 6ta jdlr uszni. Azt mondta, el fog utazni. Flabozort, hogy menjen-e vagy maradjon. Azt mondta, jobban tennim, ha nem mennik el a buliba. Azt mondta, most nem fildna odamenni. Azt mondta, lehet, hogy holnaputdn odamegy Arra k6rtek, hogy mdsnap menjek haza. Azt tandcsoltdk, hogy menjek ki.ilfttldre.
IIe a,shed. me if I went rwnning we?ydry. He wanted,n hnowwhenI had.gonehmnethe night before. I{e said.that he hod.beengoing swirnmingfm weehs. He said.he would.leope. He hesitatedwhethert0g0 M stay/ whetherhe shoald.go or sta.y. He swi.d. I had.bener n\t g0 t0 theparty. Ife said.he coald.n'tgo there then. He said.he rnightgo there bt. wo d,ays'tirne. Theya&ed.me tlgo homethefollnwt"g dry. Theyadvised.lne togo abroad..
Infinitive- F6n6viigen6v Kemdnyen tanult, hogy letegye a vizsgiit. He leamt hnrd topatshis exa:ms. A tan:irai cisacinciztik arra, hogyletegye a vizsgdit. His teachers encouraged,'him toTtass hisucams. Eldcintotte, hogy elmegy vizsgizni. He d.ecid.ed, to tahethaexa.rns. Elvrirjdk t6le, hogy letegye avizsgiit. Theyexpecthirn t0passhisexarns. Lehetetlen letenni ezt a vizxg{rt. It's impossi:ble topassthis exam. Okos dolog volt a r6szdr6l, hogy levizsgizott. It wa,sclwn of hiru t0pa^rs theexant. He wat thefirst topd,tstheexnw. Q volt az els6, aki levizsgrizon. O volt az egyeden, aki levizsgrizott. He wastheonlyonetopd,ss theexam. Muszij letennie a vizsgitt. He is bownd. toltesstheexaw. A vizsgdt letenni neh6z. fr pas theexamis dffiab. Nem tudom, hogy vizsgizzam Le. I dnn't hnowhowtopassthe exam.. Nem tudom eldcinteni, hogy elmenjek-evizsgrizni. I can't d.ecidp whetherto tah,etheexam.. Ennek a vizsgadolgozatnak a megirdsa It toohffie,w0hoursto wtite this test-paper. nekem kit 6r:imba keriilt. Azt mondjrik, holnap vizsgdzik. He issaid.to tahetheexamtottrynow. Azt mondjdk, most irja a vizsgadolgozatot. He issaid,to bewriting thetest-I,a,per now. Azt mondjdk, levizsgdzon. He issaidto haoepossed. theexa;m. Azt mondjrik, mdr k6t 6r6,,jairja a He is saidto ha:pebeenwritdngthe test-pa.per for two vizsgadolgozatot. hoars. Neked is el kell menned vizsgdr;nil to tahetheexam? Doyou alsoneed,
Need, you tahetheexamtoo?
NgT pto- hagyni,hogymegbukjrila vizsgdn. I won'tletyoufail theexam. Inkdbbmostvizsgdznik. I would,rd,thertahetheetca.nnow.
rund - F6n6vk6pz6s A gyalogldsndhaunalmas. Tovribbgyalogolt. Annak ellenire, hogy mrir kilomitereket gyalogolt,mdg mindig nem drt oda.
VWhingis sowetirnes boring. IIe wentonwalhing. Iy spheof/ DeEite walhinghilamenes hexill hasn,tgot there. 259
At rcoL NyELWANpELDAMoNDAToKBAN
ItI no asef nogood'/ There is no point in wnlhing' It isnlworth walhcng. Wat/How abowtwalhing? He insisted.on walhing. He hasgot wsed'to walhing. After having walhed'thirty hihmetres hefelt extrernelyexhawsted.
Nincs drtelme gyalog menni. Nem drdemesgyalogolni. Mi lenne, ha gyalogolndnkf Ragaszkodon hozz6, hogy gyalogoljunk. Mir hozziszokott a gyalogldshoz. Miutdn harminc kilomdtert gyalogolt, rendkfvi.il kimertiltnek lrezte magdt.
Participle- Folyamatos,be5l16,befejezettmell6kn6viigen6v 6s hat5roz6i igen6v Theparticipants cmnytetingthe distancewilt get n prize. i I Tbe d,istanceto be completed.is forty kihrnetres. I I yesterd'aywasforty kiltmeftes' The distancecmnpleted' I I Wathing in theforeo shernet the wolf I Hmting walhed.thirty hilm'etres,hefelt wry exhawsted'. I I hy beawtifwl He waswnlking in theparh accornpnnied I lnd'ia. I by beawtiful lad.ies,hefelt Being occom.panied' I plenwd.,ind'eed'. I howehe invited' themfw ten. I n*ng beenaccompanied. I saw hirn wolhing in the parh. I I saw hirn wolh atoss theparh. I wnscancelled. Therebeing ba.d.weothertbe excurs'i.on
Aznkarbsztyevilk,akik a trivot teljesitik, (a uivot teljesit6 r6szttrev6k)jutalmat kapnak. A tdv, amit teljesiteni kell, (a teljesitend6tdv) negyvenkilomiter. Ariv, amittegnap telEsfrettek, (a tegnapmegtett tdv) negyvenkilomiter volt. #tilgawa t"t-,iitozott a farkassal. L.iaOb." Miutrinharminc[ilom6tertgyalogolg nagyonkimeriiltnek 6reztemagit. S#pncilgyekkisdretdben (szepholgyek riltal kfsdrve)sdtdlgatotta -parkban. t uin, higy s#p trotgyetikftertdlq nagyoneldgedettnekdreztemagit. l,tiut'in traiat
I
Relativeclause- telz6imell6kmondat
II
Defining clause- Sziik(t6 mellCkmondae Az a i
erveszett. amir6r beszdrtiink, Azakonyv, Az a f&fi, akivel regnapbeszdltiink,eltfint.
I
Theboohwhich/ that is on thetableis veryinteresting, I I Thernanwho/ thnt livesnextd'ooris verynice. I I futy anclebowghtrnethr booh(which/ that) Ignueyow I yesterday. t Themnn (who/ that) !0a sd'wnext dnoryesterd'ay I hnsbeenawested'. I
Yrtriilfl#/;l;:P,ft:#:ilf#:ffiw
n't
I
bas Thernan (wbo/ that) we talhed.toyesterd.ay
I
F;:Xfi; dn is ismerem, Az a konyv,amineka szerz,6j6t nagyonhasznos. Aii fetft, akineka felesdgitte is ismered, nagyonfurcsa.
az,amitorvastam. tetszett Nekem Amit olvastam,drdekesvolt. Nekemminden tetszett,amit olvastam. Minden drdekesvolt, amit olvastam.
n^ a;,rpprarrd. yesterd.ay wetathed. whom I
writerI akohnow,is verywseful Thebooh,whose
t I I
wifeyou alsohnow,is verystrnnge Thelnan)whose
I It;**fl::;,:Y;:B.r
hnd. read..
What I read'wasinteresting. Thething (that) I readwasinteresting I khed,werything(that) I read. Everything(that) I read'wasinteresting
I I I I
260
I
pELonvouoRtoKBAN Atlcol NyELWAN Ezvolt a harmadik kcinyq amil glolvasam angolul. Ez az els6 alkalom, hogy taldlkozom vele. Ez.a legdrdekesebbtcirtinet, amit valaha is hallottam. Non-defining clause - B6vit6 melldkmondat: Jack kcinyve, ami az asztalonvan, nagyon drdekes. ]ack, aki a szomszddbanlakik, nagyon kedves. A_bdcsikdmvette meg nekem a Bridget ]ones' Napl6jdt,.amit tegnap neked adtam. Jacket, akit .tegnap a szomszddban ldttdl, letart6ztattdk. Fielding konyve, amir6l beszilttink, elveszert.
That wasthe third booh(that) I had.read.in Engtish. This is theftrst tirne Qhnt) I haanlnet hir?r. Thi,sis the mostintnesting story (that) I hanewer heard.
Jach\ booh,whichis on thetable,is ueryintereoing. Jach, who lipesnext dnry is very nice. fuIy uncleboughtme Brid,getjones' Diary, which-Igwe yw yestird,ny. Jach" whoyoa sew nerctiaor yestird,ay,has beena:nested.
Fielding\ booh,about which we talhed.,hat got loo. Field;ing\ booh,wbich we talked,about, hasgot loo. Jack, akivel tegnap beszdlti.ink, eltrint. Jach, to wbam.we talhed,yesterd.ayhasd,isaltpea.red. Jach, who we tolhed.to yesterd.E6hat d,isappeared.. A Bridget /ones'Napl6ja, aminek a szerz6j6t. Brid.getJones'Diary, the awthor of which dn is ismerem, nagyon mulatsdgos. I ahohnow, isveryfunny.
Brid.get awthorI ahohnow, Jones'Dry, whose
iswryfunny.
Helen Fielding, "!":! a kcinyvdt te is olvastad, nagyon drdekesember. Mindig sokat olvasott, ami nekem tetszett. Mindig sokat tivdzett, amit dn helytelenftettem.
Helen Field.ing,whoseboohyou'pe ako read.,is awry interestinglterson. He alwaysread.a lot, which I tihed.. He alnays watched.W a ht, which I d.isapprwed..
Purposeclauses- C6lhat5roz6i mell6kmondatok Felvette a szemiiveg6l, hogy elolvassaa levelet. Felvette a szemtive"get,h;# el tudja olvasni a levelet. Felvette a maszkjdt, hogy ne leplezze le magrit.
He put on hitgla^sesto / soasto / in mdcr n read,thelettn He'put on biigla.ssesio that hi nwtd. read./ soas to be abte to read.the lenn He pat on his rnashs0d.snnt to / in ord.ernot togfue himself anay. He pwt on his mashsothat / in ord,n that he would.n'tgit e hiruself awa.y. Fel fogja venni a maszkjdt, hogy ne ismerjik fel. Ife isgoing t0lwt 0n his rnasbs0that in order that / they wodt recognkehim. Fel fogja venni a maszkjrit, hogy ne tudjanak He isgocngt0put 0n his rnasbsothat / in ord,er rdismerni. that they cadt recognisehirn. venni maszkjdt, a an6l felvdn, hogy He i,sgoingt0put on his mashfwfoar thnt theywill / can !9!fogjl felismeril
Fevettea maszkjdt,hogy ne ismerjdk fel.
recognise him. He put on his rnashs0tha.t/ in ord.erthat theywould.n't
Felvettea maszkjiit,hogy ne tudjanakrdismerni. f;:t;f::'#'mash sothat / in ord,erthat theycouhn't recognise hirn. Felvettea maszkjdt,att6l ftlvin, hogy He put onhisrnashforfenrthat they felismerik/ felismerhetik. would,/ couldrecogni,re him. Felvettea maszkjdt,nehogyfelismerjdk. He put on hisrna,sh lea theyshoaldrengnisehirn.
Inversion- Forditott sz6rend Az orszdgnakcsak ezen^ rtsz,6nldthatsz ilyen novdnyeket. Aligha ldtni ilyen szip kertet.
Only in thi.spart of thecoantrycan!0a seesacbptlants. Hard,lymer/ Sca,rcely avercanynuseesucha beaatiful gardan. 261
PELDAMONDATOKBAN Arucol- NYELVTAN
Ritkdn Limi ilyen szdp kertet. Alighogy megpillantottam, mdris eltrint. Semmifele kortilmdnyek kozott nem ldthatja a v6legdny a menyasszony'teskiiv6i ruhdban az eski.iv6el6n. Semmikdppennem ldthatj{k ezt a darabot. J
En mig sohasemldttam cipit. En sem. En mdr ldttam cdpdt.En is. Amig nem integettek, nem ldttam meg 6ket. Mi nemcsakelolvastukezt a drimit, de Littuk is. Sehol nem ldthatsz ilyen drdekeskidllitdst. Csak a szemi.ivegit feltdve Litta, hogy mi van kifrva. Nem nagyon liitta, hogy mi van kiirva. Olyan rcividldt6 volt, hogy szemiiveg ndlki.il semmit nem ldtott. Oly"r nagy volt adtz,hogy m6ga szomszdd vrirosb6l is Litni lehetett. Ha Littdk volna a darabot, tudtak volna vdlaszolni a kdrddseimre. Mi ldttuk a darabot. akrircsaka tcibbiek.
Rnnly / Seldnmcd'n!0u seesuch a beawtifulgatd'en. No soonerhad.I caaghtsight of himthnn hedisappeared', Hard.ly bad.I cawghtsuht of hirn when he d'isappeared'. seethe In / Und'erno circurnstancescon the brid.egroorn d'res beforethe wed.d'ing' brid.ein her wed'd.i'ng On no accowntf On no cond.ition/ Iru n0 wa'! cd'nthey seethis pla'y. Nwer haveI seena shwh. Neither ha;rteI. I ha:penlread.yseena sharh. SohaoeI. Not wntil they waved'd'id I catchsight of thern. Not only d.id.we read.this d'rarna but we ako saryit' Nowherecanynu seesuchan interest'ingexhibiti'on. Only byputting on hisglassescould.he see what the noticesad. Little did he seewhat the noticesaid'. Soshort-sighted.wa,she that he could'n'tsee an! thing wit bout g lasses. Suchwas thef,re that it cowld.wen beseen frorn the neighbouring town. Had. theyseentheplay they could' haryeansweredrny questions. W sarvtheplay as did' the others.
Emphasis,Cleft sentences- Nyomat6kosit5s,kiemel6s fn vagyok az, akinek holnap aztoditban kell dolgoznia. Te vagy az, akinek holnap aziroddban kell dolqoznia. 6 "r, aiinek holnap az irodriban kell dolgoznia. 6k azok, akiknek holnap aziroddban kell dolgozniuk. Holnap kell az irodiiban dolgoznunk Az iroddban kell holnap dolgoznotok. 6l"h"t az, akivel nekiink majd egyi.in kell dolgoznunk. Biztosan 6 az, akivel egyiitt kell majd dolgoznunk. Ez biztosan nem ugyanaz aziroda, ahol tegnap jdrtunk. Ez az egyetlen dolog, amiben egyetdrtek. Ez az, amiben egyetdrtek. Az volt az egyedendolog, amiben egyet6rtett. Az volt az, amiben egyetdftett. Amiben egyetirttink ) ^z az drleszdllf-rds. Csak annyit kell tenni.ink, hogy csokkentji.ik azirakat. 6k birtor* egyetdrtenelc Tommal konnyi kijonni. Tdnyleg tetszik a ruhdd. Tdnyleg tetszett a ruhrid. Ugyanazon a napon mentek haza.
It\ rnewhohasto worh in the ffice tlmo?z'ow' It\ yoa who hnsto worh in the offi'cetlm'owow. It\ he who has to wwh in the ffice tnmo',rvw. It\ theywho haryeto worh in the ffice tnmnrrow. It\ tom,owowthnt we haryeto worh in the ffice. It\ in tbe ffice whereyowharyeto worh tnmnLTrw' It may be be who we'll have to worh togetherwith. It rnust behe who we'll haneto worh tlgether with. It can't bethesarneffice wherewe wereyesterday. This is the only thing I agreeon. This is what I agreeon. Thd.t wasthe only thing be agreed'on. That waswhat he agreed'on What we f,,gree0n isprice red'u.ction. All we hwe to dn is red.ucetheprices. They are certain to d.gree. Dm is ens! toget on with. I d.oliheyour d,ress. I d.id.liheyowr d,ress. Theywmt holneon the wry snmed'ay.
262
pgLoRvoNoaroreRNt At tcol NyELVTAN
Embeddedquestions- Bedgyazottk6rd6sek Mit gondolsz,ki 6l Mit gondoltdl, ki 6f Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit Mit
mondasz, mit csindlnak mostl mondtdl, mit csindlnakl gondolsz, mi6ta torndszik) gondolt'il, mi6ta torndszik) gondol, midrt tettiink neki szivessdgetl gondolt, midrt tetttink neki szivessdgetl gondolsz, hol jdrtunk) gondolnak, kivel sz6rakoznakl
Wo d.oyowthinh he is? Wo is he,dnyowthinh? Who d.id.you thinh he was? Wo wnshe, d'id.yow thinh? What dnyowsay they are d.oingnow? What d.id.yowsay they weredoing? How long d.oyou thinh he has beendoing exercisesl How long d.id.yow thinh he had.beend.oingexercisesl Why d.oes he thinh we d'id.hirn a fa:ttowr? Why d.id.he thinh we had.d.onehirn afwowr? Where d.oyow thinh we ba'pebeen? Who d.othey thinh they nreplayinggarnes witb?
Questiontags - ,,Ugye" k6rd6s Lusta vagyok, igaz? Nem vagyok lusta, ugyel Szeretia kutydkat, ugye| Nem szeretia kutydkat, Llgye) Hazament,igazl Nem ment haza,igaz? Te m{r jrirtril ktilfoldon, ugye? Te mdg nem jiirtril kiilftildon, ugyef Neked haza kell menned, nem igazl Neked nem szabadsokat dolgoznod,igazl ]obban tenn6m, ha hazamenndk,nem) Kapcsold ki a szdmit6gdpet, rendben) Ne kapcsoldki a szdmit6gdpet,j6l Menjiink haza, j6l Ne menji.ink haza, rendbenf Mindenki itt akar maradni, nem) Senki sem akar itt maradni, igazf Valaki itt akar maradni, igaz? Azt gondolod, hogy nekedmindig igazadvan, mil (indulatosan) IJit ez az az ember, akir6l beszdlt€L,igazl (meglepetten) Nincs vdledeniil egy tollad) Nincs vdledeni.ilegy zsebkend6d| Nem akarszvelem jonnif (kdrds) Nem akarszsegiteni)
I'rn lazy, aredt I? I'yn not lazy, aw I? He hvesd.ogs,d.oesn'the? IIe dnesn'tloved.ogs,dneshe? He went horne,d.idn't he? He d.id.n'tgo horne,d.id.he? 'fru hapebeenabroad.,hawn't yow? hw hnven't beenabrond.,haveyow? 'bw rnwstgo horne,mwstn't yoa? hu wastn't worhhard' wust you? I had.bettergo horne,had.dt I? Switchoffthe cornputery will yw? Don't switcboffthe c0w1pute6 will you? Let'sgo horne,shall we? Let's notgo home,shallwe? hterybod! wa.ntst0 stay here,d.on't they? Nobod.ywd.ntsto stay here,dn they? Sornebody wants t0 stay here, dnn't they? 'ha thinh, yzu d.realwaysright, dnyou? This is the man you haye beentolhing obout, is it? fru fru hu bw
haven'tgot fl,pen, hnveyow? dnn't haveo hooA, d.oyou? d.on'twnnt t0 cornewith me, d.oyow? d.on'twft.ntto help we, d.oyow?
Articles- N6vel6k A delfin eml6s dllat. 6 volt azels6,aki beadta adoLgc:zatdt. A nap ndlktil a foldon nem volna dlet. Tudsz trombit'ilnif Ez volt a legunalmasabbel6adds, amit valahais hallottam. Ez az elladis nagyon unalmas. Sok embernek tetszett az el6ad6rs. A sebesiilteketk6rhdzba kellene szdllitani.
The d.olphinis a rnarnrnal. He wasthef.rst to hnnd.in his test-paper Wthowt the Swn there would.n't bekfe on the Earth. Can yowplay the h%mpet? This was the mostboring lecture tbnt I hayeeverheard.. This lectwreis mastboring. Most peoplekhed.the lectwre. The injwred.shouldbe td.hent0 hospital.
263
pEt-oRHaoruoRroKBAN Arlcol NyELWAN
A britek szeretik a nemzed<6zikonyhdt. Egy francia, egy spanyol, egy ir 6s egy angol a futballr6l beszdlgettek. Szerintem az olaszok fogjdk megnyerni a bajnoksdgot. Az Egyestilt Kirdlysdg magdban foglalja Eszak-Irorsz{got is. Szuddn Afrika dszaki r6sz€n taldlhat6. Sok ember mdsztamrir meg a Mount Everestet. A Po foly6 az Adriai tengerbe folyik. Az Oliva Efferem nagyon nipszerii. Tegnapelmenttink a McDonaldsba. Jdrtilmfu valaha a Globe szinhdnbanl Ha friss informdci6t szeretn6la gazdasigr6I, olvasd a Financial Timest! Ha informdci6ra van szi.iksdgeda vildgon legkeresettebb brinoz6kr6l, ldtogassel az FBI honlapjdra! Mi mdr Littuk az Acropolist. Az €n aut6m ugyanolyan szin$, mint a tied. Hivtad mfu a tttzolt6s dgot I Mindl tobbet tanulunk, anndl tobbet tudunk. A macskaszereti a tejet. Midrt nem itta meg a macskaa tejet) A gyerekeim egyetemrejrirnak. Elmentem az egyetemre, hogy rnegnlzzek egy kidllitdst. Kds6n fekiidti.ink le. Odamentem az itgyhoz, hogy megigazftsam a takar6jdt. A piros aut6val mentiink. Aut6val jdrok dolgozni. B"gg"l j6l bereggeliztiink. En sosemreggelizek. A vonat a mdsodik viginyra drkezik. Fdl kil6ra van sziir.ksdgem. Egy bizonyos Smith rir keresi. Ilyen aut6t akartam venni. Milyen sz6phdzl Milyen szdp id6nk van ma!
The British lihe international cwisine. A Frmchrnnn,a Spani.rwd.,an Irishrnanand.an Englishman weretalhing abowtfootball. I thinh the Itakans will win the champi'onship. The United' I{ingd'orn includesNorthern lrelnnd', too' The Swd.anis in the north of Africa. Mnny peoplehnpeckrnbed'Mownt Everest. The Poflows into the Ad'riatic Sea. The OliveRestawrantis verypopular. ftsterd.aywe went to McDonald.s. Hwe yoweverbeento the Globe? If yowwant toget up-to-tlte-rninuteinfonnation nbout the eclnorny,read'the Financial Times. If you need.infornati'on nbowtthe rnostwanted' criminak in the world,visit the websiteof the FBI. Wbe nlrend.yseenthe AcroPolis. W cw is tbe sarnecolowrasyowrs. Hnve you called.thefire hrignd'e? The m.orewe stwd'ytl,ternorewe hnow. Cnts lihe rnilh. Why d.id.n'tthe cnt d,rinh the rnilh? My childrengo to university. I went to the universit! t0 seenn exhibition. Wewent to bed late. I went to the bed,to ndjust his blnnhet. W went in the red'ca.r I go to worh by cnr In the marncngwe had n big brenhfa*. I neverhaw brenhfnst. The trnin nwives ot Platforrn 2. I need.half a hilo of it. A IVIr Smith is loohingfor yow. I wanted,to br,tysuchn car. What a nice house! What nice wea.therwe have tod'a',y!
264
IRREGULAR VERBS Present
Simple past
Past participle
Hungarian equivalent
arise awahe
d/rqse aryohe
arisen atpohen
felkel, keletkezik, felmeriil fel6bred
be bear bent becorne begin bend. bet
wns bore beat became began bent bet bid bound. bit bled. blrw brohe bred. browght broadtast bwilt bwwlt bwmed. buro bowght
been bom beaten becorne begun bent bet bid bound. binen bled. bhwn brohen bred. browght broadrast buib bwmt burued. burst boaght
lenni elvisel, sztil, hord it,legy6z, megler vdlik valamivd elkezd, elkezd6dik hajlik fogad ajrinlatot tesz,196r bek
cowld. ca,st cau.ght chose clwng ca,rtue cost ffePt ca,
beenable to cd.st caaght chosen clung c077re cost ffept ct'tt
kipes dob, hajit elkap, elfog vilaszt ragaszkodik jiin kertil valamibe mriszik, csriszik vig
deab d*g d.one d.rawn d,rearnt d,rearned, dru.nh dripen
foglalkozik valamivel :is csinril rajzol, elh(rzrh(n dlmodik
drinh drive
d"ealt d'wg did d,rew dreamt / drearned. drnnh drwe
iszik ver,ft
ea,t
a,te
ea,ten
eszik
fnll fud feel fight find
fell f'd felt fowght found.
fallen
esik etet, tdpldl 6rez harcol taldl
bid,(ffir) bind bite bleed. bhw breah breed. bring broad.cast build. bum bwrx brl c&n cd,st catch choose cling Qo) c07ne cost creep
cu, d.eal(with) d.ig dn d.rnw d.ream
fed ftlt fought fownd. 265
lnREcuLRn venas fltt
fl! forbid farget foryirt freeze
jltd Jlew forbada forgot foryart froo
tled fl*o forbid.d.en forgotten forgfuen frozen
menektil repiil megtilt elfelejt megbocs{t megfagy, befagyaszt
g0t
k"P ad 6rcil, darril n6, termel
get give grind grow
g0t gffie
ground, grew
given ground. gr0wn
h*g bape hea.r hid^e hit hold hurt
hwg had heard. hid hit held. hwrt
hung had hea.rd, hi.d.d.en hit held. hart
akaszt, 169 birtokol hall elbrijik, elrejt iit tart, megfog megs6rt
http hneel hnow
hEt hnelt bnrw
htpt hnelt hnown
tart letdrdel tud
lny lend lean (against)
laid led.
tid led. Ieant leaned. Itapt lenped leamt leamed,
lefeltet, terit vezet trimaszkodik vnek
leE leam,
leant leaned. leapt lenped Ieam.t leam.ed.
szcikken,ugrik megtanul, megtud
lente lend. let lie I,ight hse
lefr
left
lent let lay lit lost
lent let lnin lit Iost
elhagy, elmegy kcilcs
rna.h,e 7/tean lneet
rnade m.ea,nt lnet
rnad,e rned,n met
kdszit jelent vrnit, szrindikozik taldlkozik ..
Pel pat
pa.id. Pllt
peid pat
frzet teszrhelyez
rend rod.e reTtg rose ra,n
read. rid.d.en rung risen rwn
olvas lovagol cs
fut
saryed, saM
sa,wn said. seen sowght
Klr.€szel mond lit keres, kutat
read ridE ,iog rise ?"an sa.w say see seeh
sailt
sought
266
l
{
IRREGULARVERBS
sell send, se, sew shahe sbine shoot shrinh sl.ng sinh sit tlup slid.e srtell
elad elkii{d bedll(t, helyez varr rirz siit, ragyog 16 cisszemegy dnekel elsiiLllyed leiiLl alszik megcsriszik 6rez, szagol
stand. steol stich sttng strid.e strihe strhte swea,r sweep swell swim
sold, sent se, sewed. shooh shone shot shranh sMtg sanh sa., slept slid sm.elt srnelled. spohe spelt spelled. spilt spilled. spent sI,at spread. spoilt spoiled, stood. stole stuch srung strod,e struch strove sw0re wept swelled. swa,?n
slid smelt smelled. spohen speh spelled spilt spilled. spent sI)a.t spread. spoilt spoiled. stood. stolen stucb stung snid.d.en stru.ch striven sworn wept swollen swurn
loP ragaszt szriLr,csip menetel,ldpked iit, lecsap igyekszik megeskiiszik scipiir megdagad riszik
tahe teoch tear tell thinh throw trend.
tooh tawght t0re told. thought threw trod.
taken ta.ught tqrn told. thowght thrown nod /troddcn
elvesz,elvisz tanit elszak(t megmond, elmes6l gondol dob taPos
wnd.erstand. und.ertnhe
wndzrstood, wnd.ertooh
wnd.erstood. und.mnhen
meg6rt v{llal, belefog vmibe
wahe wenrr weape
wohe w0re w0ve wenved wept wet w0n wound, wr0te
wohen woln w0ven wea;ved, wept wet w0n wownd, written
6bred, dbreszt visel sri
speahQo) spell spill spend. spit spread. spoil
weelt wet win wind. write
sold. sent set sewn shahen shone shot shrwnh sung sanh sa.t
swt
267
beszel betilz kicint kiilt kitp terjeszt, terjed elront, elkdnyeztet
^tl
sir benedvesit nyer csavar,felhtu ir
ANSWERKEY UNIT 1 Ex. I. 2. The Prime Minister doesn't play football in his free time. 3. Tl-reir children don't watch Cartoon Nework beforegoing to bed. 4.My neighboursdon't often give partiesin dreir flat. 5. Jackmd Jill dor-r't alwaysplay hide and seekafter school.6. Tom doesn'tlearn English at his placeof work. 7. He doesn't usuallyaskstupid questions. F,x.2. 2. Do the membersof the band get home latel 3. Do they usuallyhavea cup of coffeebeforethey go to work) 4. Does the singerhaveto eattwo eggsbeforesingingf 5. Does the show start at 10 o'clockf 6. Dcr the starsmeet people from all over dre worldl Ex. 3. 2. doeshe get home 3. do you go to schoolwith 4. do you meet them 5. doessheget home 6. they do 7. your son go to a language school Ex. 4. 2. doesn'tlike 3, Do you learn 4. Does Peterhave 5. doesn'tearn 6. don't spend 7. don't you see/ don't feel 8. doesshe share Ex.5. 2. doesn'tshe want 3. does this TV cost 4. doesvour planetake ofP 5. don't vou rnarrv 6. doesFiona Iisten to 7. does your lecture start 8x.6. 2. I, Who hatesgetting up early at weekendsf2, When do you hate getting up early 3. l, When does her husband make dinnerl 2, Who makesdinner when she gets home from workf 3, What does I'rer husbanddo when shegets home from workl 4. l, Who nevertalks about her private lifel 2, What does Sheilanever talk aboutf 5. 1, What does your grandmotherlisten to when she is tiredf 2, When does your grandmother listen to the radio) 6. I, What does Peter always bring for his girlfriendf 2, Who does Peter alwaysbring presentsforl 7. I, Who does lre go to work widr) B. 1, Who eatsolrt once i1 monthf 2, Horv often do the Browns eat outl 9. l, Who doeshis friend speakto rwice a week) 2. How often doeshis friend speakto himf 10. 1, Who doesTom alwaysgo out widr) 2, What kir-rdof girls does Torn always go out with? Ex.7. 2. likes 3. clean4. hate 5. sl-root6. goesround 7. breedsB. serue Ex. B. n) 2. doesn'thavebreakfast.3. takes4. isn't 5. don't like 6. doesn'tuse7. doesn'thavelunch 8. doesn'tgo b) 2.What kind of car hashe got? lWhat kind of car doeshe havef 3. How doeshe go to work) 4. How long doesit take him to get to workf 5. Where doeshe havelunchl 6. Why doeshe havelunch d-rere |/ Why doesn't he have lunch in the canteen?7.What doeshe hate spendingmoney onf 8. What doeshe have for lunchl 9. Who does he go home withl Ex. 9. l. Before I go to work I take two sedatives.2. There goes)ack, dre genius. 3. Here cornesour bus. 4. I do exercisesat six o'clock every morning. 5. She never does exercises,she usually goes running. 6. Anna waits for her husbandwith a hot dinner everyevening.7. Wlrc eatsbacon for breakfastfB. What do vou drink in the eveningsl 9. Do you have breakfastbefore you leavehome) 10. Who c-loyou go swimming withl ll.Who does your husbandusually.speaktol 12. What do you cleanyour furniture withl 13. How much money doesyour father spendon his car a monthf 14. I wear glassesbecauseI'm short-sighted.15. Aurumn comes after summer.16. We travel to the seaevery sllmmer. So do we. \7. Leavesfall in autumn. 18. There he goes. 19. I don't like crowded shopping centres.Neither/r-rordo l. 20. The meeting startsat 5 pm. 2).. When doesFlight No.722leave for San Franciscol22. Perezpasses the ball to Eles. 23. When does the film start tonightl 24. Which cat doesn'tlike milkf 25. How much time does it take you to get there?26. What do they spend their money on? 27. What kind of girls does Tom go out withl 28. Which student doesn'tlike holidaysl 29. How many studentsusuallyattendyou lecruref 30. Who do you usually go out with at weekendsf
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rrv Auswen Ex.10. Regrrlaractions: I do exercisesat six o'clock every morning. Generalactions: Chimney sweepersclean chimneys.Eternal truth: The Earth goes around the Sun. Commentaries:Perezpassesthe ball to Eles. Timetables,schedules:The rneetingstartsat 5 pm. After here & there: l{ere comesour bus.
UNIT2 Er. l. 2. Are thev planning to go on holiday in winter) They aren'tplanning to go on holiday in winter. 3. Are Tom and Jerry chasingthe bulldogl Tom and ]erry aren'tchasingthe bulldog. 4. Is the manageropenir-rg the new plant at the end of next weekl The managerisn't opening the new plant at the end of next week. 5. Are vou looking for a job nowf I'm not looking for a job now 6. Is the number of refugeesincreasing dr;rmaticallyf The number of refugeesisn't increasingdramatically Ex.2. 2. l, Who are looking forward to their honeymoonf 2, What are dre Beanslooking forward to? 3. 1, Wherc areyou flying to next week?2, When areyou flying to Rornef 4. I, What kind of stories/ Wrat is d'reneighbour'sson alwaystelling to your childrenf 2, Who is the neighbour'sson alwaystelling rude storiestoi 5. l, What are you dealingwith at dre momentl 2, What kind of orders areyou dealingwith at dre momentl Ex. 3. 2. Action at the time of speaking3. Future action 4. Frequentllegativeactions5. Changing.situation6. Unusual 2lction7. Temporary action, future action B. Changing siruation, temporary action Ex.4. 2. are dieting. 3. is alwaysbuying flowers for you 4. am thinking 5. isn't talking to hirn 6. isn't working 7. arn not attending 8. is getting E x .5 . 2. is rnaking, are redecorating3. are you smiling at 4. is Jackworking 5. is he doing, he is making 6. are thc pricesrising 7. is he alwaysbehavingB. are you getting on 9. he is learning Ex. 6. 2. Sl-rcis getting fat 3. It is getting better.4. He is growing old. 5. The leavesare turning yellow 6. It is increasing./ It is rising 7. Ir rs decreasing./ It is falling / It is declining 8. It is growing cold. 9. She is getting slim. 10. He is getting tired. Ex.7. 2. The population of Hungary is falling 3. The number of studentswho learn Russianis decreasing.4. Mv English is getting better. 5. The number of English lanprage learnersis increasing.6. The rate of exportsto the Easternmarketsis declining.7.The valueof the Hungarian forint is rising. B. The situation in the Third World is getting worse. 9. The Earth's climate is getting warmer. 10. The sizeof the rainforests is decreirsing. E x .8 . Presentsirnple: irhvays,occasionallvsometimes,never,hardly ever,normally, once a month, seldom, rnost of the time, usuaLlyevery week, in general PrescntcontinLlous:zrlways(seespecialrules), at the moment) currendy these days, now, at present, this u,eeh,next mondr Ex. 9. l. I don't understandwhv he is looking trt me like that.2. The sinrationis getting rnore and more serious. 3. Ml'friend is going to the CanaryIslandsfor his holidavs.Good for him. 4. My son is a gendeman.He is irlrvtrysbringing me presentsfrom abroad.5. The demandfor our new product is increasiug.6. What are \roLrplar-rningfor tornorrowl 7.If nobody is watching TV I'll switch it off. B. Unfortunately the nurnbcr of studentswho learn Russianis falling/decreasing.9. Next week we aregoing to seethe Kovdcses. 10. Although l prefer white coffee to cocoa, I'm drinking cocoa now ll. /ack is learning hard now becar,rse he would like to passthe exam. 12. Thesedays/ Nowadayshe is going out with very strange types. I hope it won't last long. 13. I think you are thinking too much about him. Tiy to forget him. 14. Evcry evcning I sit in front of the computer and work, but tonight I am watching a good film. 15. Thank goodness,the BUX index is rising again. 16. What is dre girl leaning againstin the picture) 17. My son is alwaysbiting his nails. lB. The financemanagementis working on our new investment project at prcsent. 19. This waiter is alwaysspilling dre soup on me. 20. The world's population is
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risir-rgfast. 2L The cost of living in Hungary is getting more and more cxpensive.22. Some studcntsare always dropping litter. 23. The cornpany is closing down its plant in I(ecskemdtnext month. 24. Unfortunately I can't hear well what drey are talkurg about. 25. Who are they waiting forl 26. \\4rat are you getting at?27. Mrat is drat man widr a beard staring at) 28. How many studentsare standing in the corridor) 29. Are you looking forward to the holidavf 30. What are they working on so much now:rdaysl
UNIT3 Ex. l. 2.Wrong: is being so nice 3. Wrong: contains4. Wrong: is drinking 5. fught 6. Wrong: tastes7. Wrong: is your dog smelling B. Right 9. Right Ex.2. 2. is growing 3. are you making) are we having 4. closes,leaves5. is working 6. smell 7. are you smelling, think B. ls Jill still having 9. We are seeing10. is being so rucle ll. smells,tastes12. stav am staying 13. is commuting, gets 14. are you doing 15. are mecting 16. does the meeting start 8x.3. 2. He is alwaysday-dreaming.3. He is alwaysleavinghis clothesaround 4. Sheis alwayslosingher purse. 5. He is alwaysarriving late. 6. He is alwaysbeing like that.7. Sheis alwavsborrowing money from me. B. Sheis alweysaunoyingme. Ex.4. 2. 1'3.8 4.,{ 5.B 6.A7.B8. A9. A i0. 8 Ex.5. l. Do drey really think drat I never tell thc truthl 2. He is usually a vcry nicc man but he is being very strangethesedays. 3. No! The film strrts at sevenand I'm still working then. 4. Although hc prcfers butter to margarine, he always buys the latter becauseit's cheaper,5. "The boss wants to fire his new secretary""Do you find it surprisingf" 6. Poor Paola.She is so nalJve.She is alwaysbelievingwhat she hears.7. I'm afraid I can't make it today I'm having a very irnportant meeting at five o'clock. B. lulia worries about her husband. He is drinking too much nowadays.9. Here come the champior-rs. 10. Usually I finish work at four o'clock, but today I'm rvorking r,rntilsix o'clock. ll. Soor-reror later he alwaysgetsbored with what he is doing. 12. What a wonderful goal! But Dunaferr is on the attackagain and throws the ball into the opponent tearn'sgoal. 13. Look! The pricesare increasingvery fhst on the Stock Exchange.We have to sell our sharestoclay 14. I'm getting sick and tired of / I'm sttrrtingto get fed up with his stupid questions.15. When cloesdre academicyear end in Hungaryf 16. Today\,'e xre finishir-rgthe lessona bit earlierthan usuaiif'nobodl,objectsto it. 17. ]ack is taking his new girlfriend to dte cinema today 18. To tcll dre truth \,veare getting fed up with thesescntences.19. To be honesrI'm alsostarting to get bored with them. 20. You arejust kidding. You love cloing it.
UNIT 4 Ex. I. 2. She didn't work hard. 3. Did he travel abroadf 4. He askedPat for l'rerbag. 5. Pauluseda dictionurry 6. Did vou enjoy tl-rel'rolidayl 7. Did she rent a flatf B. You helped l-rim. 9. Did we arlswerall the questionsf 10. She didr:r'tleirvefor England. Ex.2. 2. What did they run out of) 3. Who did Jackfix an appointmentwith yesterdayl4. Who borrowedsome money frorn dre bankl 5. What did you listen to when you were youngerf 6. What kind of flat did you rent in this housing estate| 7. How did you travel abroacllast yearf 8. How long did it take him to get therel 9. Who did the boss ask for the reportl I0. When did thef interview herl ll. What was out of orderl 12. Who did Tom call on his mobile phonef 13. Who made a few notes during the lecture) 14. Whose assistantdid Eve becomelast yearf 15. Why did he resigr-rf Ex. 3. 2. closed3. did you choose4. joined 5. lost, was 6. didn't understand,bought 7. saw B. did he see9. did he want 10. did Mary stay,was I l. didn't you invite 12. rang,answered13. Did you call 14. didn't :rttend 15. were you, carne16. didn't want, forgot 17. Did he know
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ArusweR rrY Ex 4. a) 2. sell, sold, sold 3. drink, drank, drunk, swim, swam, swum, sing, sang, sung, sink, sank, sunk 4. fly, flew, flown, blow, blew, blown, grow, grew,grown 5. speak,spoke, spoken, choose,chose,chosen,wake, rvoke,woken 6. catch,caught, caught 7. ride, rode, ridden, write, wrote, written B. spend,sPent,sPent, lend, lent, lent, spell, spelt, spelt 9. keep,kept, kept, sleep,slept, slept,meet, met) met) feel,felt, felt 10. put, put, put, cut, cut) cut) broadcast, broadcast,broadcast ll. take, took, taken L2. forgive, forgave, forgiven b) 2. taught 3. drove 4. lent, gave 5. bought, fed 6. took 7. kept 8. grew 9. met, shook I0. thought Ex. 5. found, tore, found, wrote, read, got, learnt, kidnapped,wanted, didn't k ro*, rang, told, came,looked, took, put, saw,caught Ex. 6. 2. The day before yesterdal,we wrote a test-paperin history 3. At the weekend I saw a very good fiLn in dre cinema.4. Last week I missedmy bus twice. 5. I got a lot of bad gradeslast month. 6. I travelled abroad lirst year.7. OnMonday I went to the dreatrewith my friends. 8. Last night I didn't do anything rnorning I stayedin bed specialjust the usualstaff. 9 Tvo daysago my cousinscameround. I0. Yesterday Iate. Ex.7. 1. He swotted English words till midnight becausehe wrote a test-paperthe next day.2. When I was a universiry srudent I went out almost every night. 3. On which bus did you lose your jacketl 4. He suddenly stood up and pulled out his water-gur1.5. The other day I went to seemy fi'iend in the prison. 6. I learnt English for five yearsbut then I gaveit up. Learning languageswas not my cuP of tea. 7. For lrow many yearsdid you smokef 8. Who did you go on holiday with last year and where did you gol 9. Horv d"id the accident happen) He leant over the window and fell out. I0. Who did dre children take afterf I I. Terenceworked asa teacherat a secondaryschool for a couple of yearsthen he went [o work for a company 12. The day beforeyesterdayI met the prince of my dreamswho proposedto me at once.13. I fell in love with him at first sight. 14. Last week I had to changedre bed linen three times becauseI kept spilling the coffee. 15. Shakespeare never cameto Hungary 16. Pet6fi, however,got to Russia,at least sornepeoplesayhe did so. 17. The girl got pregnant,shemarried the father of her child, but rwo years later rhey got divorced. IB. How many people did you work together with in your former office) 19. Wl-richchild pusl-redthis shoppingtrolley homef 20. What kind of rnusicdid you listento when you were young?
UNIT5 Ex.I. I 1 , 1 4 ,1 6 ,9 , I 3 , 1 0 ,8 , 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 , L , 2 , 7 , 1 2 , L 5 Ex.2. 2. was sitting in dre wardrobe 3. was typing a letter 4. Mr Jonesarrived with his secretary5. she rvas tvping a letter / rvent to the bedroom 6. the detectivewas sitting in tl"rewardrobe Ex. 3. 2. I wasdoing my homework 3. I rvasrelaxing4. I waswatchingmy favouriteTV series.5. I wasplaying computer games.6. I was sleeping Ex.4. 2. was raining, left 3. was leaving, fell 4. was helping, was driving 5. heard, was coming up 6. was walking, turned up 7. rverestmggling B. was preparing9. looked, felt, was followinglO. decided,were missing,bought Ex. 5. 2. wasworking 3. went running 4. fel),l screamed5. left / went 6. was going I met 7 . was frying / burnt B. heard/ phoned 9. were sailing / were singing I0. were you doing Ex.6. 2. Last month 3. When 4. all last year 5. as 6. While Ex" 7. 1. During dre film he was biting his nails. 2. YesterdayI was watching one film after the odrer. 3. While rhe kids were bearing each other the baby-sitter was reading. 4. In the hope of a better salary,I was
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AruswrnrEy working hard all last month. 5. Monica was suffering from a splitting headachewhile she was putting out the clothes to dry 6. I was travelling with bus no. 6 when I saw my husband with my best friend. 7. They were thinking for hours how to translate these simple sentences.8. She was driving on road 66 when a black cat jumped onto her car. 9. I was thumbing through / leafing through the dictionarv when I came acrossthis interesting sentence.10. She was listening to the popular singer Robbie Williarns while she was translating the English sentences.11. The blond beauty was walking on rhe dusty road when a red Ferrari passedher.12. Weren'tyou giving a lecturewhen I phoned vouf 13. F{e was rowing peaceftillywhen a big white shark tossedhis boat. 14. While Pisti was giving an orirl presentation,the teacher was polishing her nails. 15. While the researcherswere feverishlv preparing to start the experiment, the rats were anxiously running about in the cage. 16. The forrune-teller was staring at the cryst'alglobe while I was thinking of Karcsi. 17. While he was running toward Lrs,a can of beer fell out from under his coat. 18. I was standing naked with the receiver in my hand when my son urd his friends entered.19. Fotex was fighting hard during the championship.20. All last year he was visiting doctors becauseof his kidnevs.
UNIT6 Ex. l. 2. Have you ever been to India before) 3. They have alreadytaken dre children to the nursery 4. I've just kissedan ugly toad. 5. Flave you met the prince on a white horse yetf 6. Har,e you spokenro a narive speakerlatelyl 7. She still hasn't finished her thesis.8. She has written thirty pagesso far. 9. They'r'e been here three times todaiz I0. He has never loved you. 11. It's the secondtime vou've askedit. Ex.2. 2. Our export saleshave increased.3. I've lost them. 4. He has caught a cold. 5. Your German hirs improved. 6. She has sprainedher knees.7. She has won on the lottery B. She has cut her finger. 8x.3. 2. shehas alreadyfinished 3. I've just had 4. hasn'tseenthat play yet 5. hasn'ttold me yer 6. havenevcr been7. 've alreadydone 8. 've alwayswanted to be 9. havescoied five goals .sofar I0. Have you ever been II. haven'tmet him ever since 12. havewritten five books so far Ex.4. 2. shehasn'tread anything this year 3. it hasn'treachedit this year4. it hasn'trainedat all this aurumn 5. it hasnlt won any this season5. we haven'tworked hard at all this term. Ex. 5. 2 . i , 3 . f , 4 . e , 5 . d , 6 . b , 7 . h , 8 . a , c , 9 . a ,f c , Ex. 6. 2 . a , 3 . b , 4 . b , 5 . a , 6 . b , 7 . b , 8 . a , 9 . a , I 0 . a , l l . a , 1 2 .a , 1 3 . b , 1 4 . b , 1 5 . a , Ex.7. 2. have visited you 3. time that he has tried to passthe exam 4. the first time that I've travelled by plane 5. d-refifth time d-ratJenny hasinvited us 6. the first time that Sally has driven a moror-cycle 7. the second time that I've seen this film 8. the first time that she has ridden a horse Ex. 8. 2. hasn'tfinished her book 3. hasn't beenabroad4. shefallen 5. 've losr 6. you ever beento Africa 7. 've left 8. has just put down 9. 've seenthat play severalrimes I0. haven'r mer Ex.9. I . I haven't been to America since the November of '98 . 2. How long have you been hereI 3. "Just imaginel Two maskedmen havejust brokeninto our neighbour'sflat." "And haveyou calledd-rc police yetl" 4. I haven't eaten apple pie for ages.5. This film is the best (that) I have ever seen.6. Incredible! Tom has drunk ten glassesof beer and he is still sober.7. Have you ever walked on rhe Great Wall of China with a dictionary in your hand) 8. The repairman repaired my car yesterdayirnd it has broken down again. 9. I have had more free time since October. 10. Today I have met my teacherof English rwice. 11. This is the fourth time that he hasbeenlate. 12. This week he hasbeenlate four times. 13. This is the secondtime that I havetravelledby plane.14. This yearI havetravelledby planerwice. 15. I haven't been able to sleep recendy becausemy neighbour is always playing the violin at night. 16. Sl-re is the prettiest woman (that / who) he hasever met. L7. Last year I lent him rwo hundred pounds and he hasn'tpaid the loan backsincethen. 18. I haven'tseenyou sincethe party on WednesdayWherehaveyou beenf 19. Have you heard the latest newsf 20. How long I Since when has Leon collectedstamps)
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rrv Aruswtn Since he was a child. 2I. How long / Since when have you had to go for physiotherapy?For three weeks. 22. Have the repairmen mended Schumacher'sFerrari (yet)| 23. Have you ever been to Tiansylvania?24.I havehad a flat of my own for two years.25. I havealwayswanted to be a doctor.26. I havenevertold dris secretto anyone.27. He haslost his car key severaltimes. 28. We haven'thad any problems with the authorities so far. 29. We have talked a lot about you recendy 30. You have changed a lot sinceyou won the jackpot.
UNIT7 8x.1. 2 . 8 3 .C 4 . C 5 . A 6 . B 7 . 8 8 . B 9 .B r 0 .D Ex.2. 2. went, didn't find 3. kneq has forgotten 4. meant, forgot 5. have improved 6. haven't finished 7. 've sprained12.left, hasopened parked,havetowed 8. gave,'ve lost 9. hasgone I0. went, hascome l L 13. smoked,gave 14, have you been 15. did you live Ex. 3. 2. 1. You'vechangeda lot in the last few years.2. You'vechangeda lot sinceI last saw you. 3. l. I(athy has phoned you twice. 2. IQthy phoned you this morning. never went to Ireland. 4. 1. Shakespeare went to Ireland twice. 2. Shakespeare 5. l. I drove a motorbike two yearsago.2. It's the third time I've driven tr motorbike. 6. 1. It's five yeirrssincewe mel 2. We'vealreadymet. 7. 1. The Chineseinvented a lot of things in ancienttimes. 2.'the Chinesehave inventeda lot of things sincedren. B. 1. I haven't spoken Italian for the last three months. 2. I haven't spoken Italian in the last two years. 9. l. Tom has read five pagesso far. 2. Tom readfive pageslast night. Ex. 4. 3. Yes,but I haven'tmade Goulashfor a year.4. Yes,but I haven'tuseda word processorsinceI wasmade redundant.5. Yes,but I haven'tironed my shirtssinceI got married.6. Yes,but I haven'tspokenGerman since last surruner.7 . Yes,but I haven't played the flute for years.B. Yes,but I haven't driven a car since )une. 9. Yes,but I haven't ridden a horse sinceI fell offone. 10. Yes,but I haven't developeda film for quite a long time.Il. Yes,but I haven'tsung for ages. E x .5 . 3. I haven'tbeento England since1996. 4. The meetinghasbeenclosedfor five minutes.5. I haven'tseen the doctor for six years.6. lle hasn'tspokento me sincewe met in the theatre.7. I haven'twritten a letter sincethe day beforeyesterday8. My husbandhasn'thooveredthe carpetfor years.9. Mary hasn'ttakena day off sinceJune. I0. We haven't learnt English for a long time. Ex.6. 3. Wrong: wrote 4. Right 5. Wrong: I have been6. Right 7. Right 8. Wrong: were 9. Wrong: has been 10. fught Il. hasbeenmarried 12. Right 13. Wrong: Did you see14. Wrong: Have you seen15. Right 8x.7. 2. Have you bought, bought 3. hasgiven up, did he do, was fed up 4. Have you been,did you go with, rvas5. haveyou been,'ve been,Did he prescribe,did 6. 've hurt, did it happen,lost, fell 7. haveyou been, 'vc just found, did you find, read,appliedB. Has Kate watered,has,did shewater,watered,had 9. 've just write 10. haveyou been,havebeen,Did seen,Flaveyou seen,haven't,haven'tread,read,did Shakespeare you enjoy,enjoyed Ex. B. l.What arethosepeoplestaring at) There hasbeenan accident.What happenedexacdylA truck collided head-on with a bus. 2. I rang him twice yesterdaybut nobody answeredthe phone. 3. Today I have phoned you twice. 4. How did you get this scarl In a car accident,two yearsago. 5. Have you finished correctingdre test-papersfNo, not entirely I havedone about the half of them so far. 6. Do you alsolive in the townl Yes.Have you been here long| I have lived here for about rwo months . 7. How long have you known our new colleagueI I have known him for two years.What did he do before he camehere) I think he taught at a school.B. How long wereyou married) For threeyears,then we got divorced.9. I'm still married. It's five 1'earssincewe got married. 10. How did you like Manchester)I quite liked it. How long did you live theref Five years.But it's alsotwo yearssincewe moved to London. Doesn't time flyf I1. He hasrun ten kilometres.12. This is the fifth time that he hasrun dre BudapestMarathon. 13. He
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Aruswen rrY hasenteredthe Marathon five times. 14, This is the first time that I haveseenthis man. 15. I haveseen this rnan once. 16. This is the third time that he hasproposedto me. PerhapsI will say'yes'to hirn. 17. Flas the electricianbeen here yet? Yes,but hc was here only for ten minutes. IB. Before he rctired, he "Were you) I have'alrcadY been changedhis placc of work five times. 19.'This sumffrerI was abroad." weekend.22.Ihaveu't dris this aurumn,1oo."20. Wherewereyou drisweekendl2l.Ihave eatenenough watchedTV this month. 23. It hasn'tsnoweddtis winter. 24. I haven'tmet him in the last fcrv months. every day.26.Wherehaveyou been)I haveworried myselfto dcathabout 25. Last month l did exercises been unemployed) 28 . Have you fourd a good jobl 29 . I haveappliedfor How long have you 27 . 5tou. five jobs, but I haven't receivedany replir 30. Have you ever seena polar bear in Africaf
UNIT8 Iix. L 2. Ycs,I'vc been learning Gerrnansincelast year.3. Yes,he has been working on the computer sincehe arrived.4. Yes,they'vebeendigging in dre gardenfor two hours. 5. Yes,they havebecn quarrellingsince their son left them. 6. Yes,I've been phonir-rgall drc morning. 7. Yes,['r'e been clc;rningtl-reflat all day today B. Yes,he has been drinking all day long. 9. Yes,they havebeenmaking a noise all night long. 10. Yes,shehas been learning to ski for two weeks. F,x.2. 2.Tomhas beenreading this book 3. The football match has beengoing 4. Jessiehas beenworking for that compan),5. Uncle Ben hasbeenliving in China 6. The author hasbecnwritir-rgthat book 7. Jackhas been painting his flat B. Sue has beenwatching TV 9. He has beenslecping10. Shehas beensmoking Ex.3. 3. Kathy has been rvriting letters for an hour 4. Kathy has written four letters so far. 5. They I'rirvebeen travelling sincelasr night. 6. They havetravelled900 kms. 7. She has been planting vegetablessincethe morning. B. She has pl'anteda lot of vegetablcs.9. You have been peeling potatoesfor half an hour. 10. You have been peeling potatoessinceI arrivedhome. 11. Matthew has painted a lot of picturessincehe left the Art College. 12. Matthew has been painting pictures since he left the Art College. Ex.4. 2.How long haveyou beenwriting poemsf How many poemshaveyott rvrittenl 3. F{ou'long havcyou beenplayingfootballf F{ow many goalshaveyou scoredl4. How mar-rypeoplehaveyou ir-rvitedf5. How long haveyou been collecting starnpslF{orv many stampshaveVcrucollectedso far) 6. How long have you beendirecting filmsf How many tihns haveyou directedi Ex. 5. 2. Have you beenplanting vegetablesfHave you beenrepairingyour carf Have you beenworking in the gardenf 3. Have you been redecoratingyour flatf Have you been painting the housc) 4. Has he becn fighting) Has lrc L-rcen quarrellingwith his wifel 5. Have you beenrunningf Flirvc vou beenwalking fastl O. ttave you beenworking hardl Have you beenteachingall dav long) Have vou beenstudyinghardl 8x.6. fbr 2.I've beenwhitewashingthe ceiling. 3. I've beenwalking in dre raiu. 4. Hc's bcensitting in thc saunzr hours. 5. Shehas beeneating pancakes. Ex.7. 2. Right. 3. Wrong: We've been travelling fclr days. 4. Wrong: Horv long hal'e vou been m:rrriedf 5. Wrong: We'vervalicedten kilometresso far. 6. fught. T.Wrong: She has eatensix pancakes.B. Wrong: I'r,e beenlearning hard all this weelc.9. Wrong: I havehad a haircut. 10. fught Ex. B. 2. havebeenr.vorkinghard 3. haveyou saved4. haveyou been5. hassl-rebeendoing 6. havegiven it up 7. haveyou beensmoking B. havebeenwriting, haven'tfinished9. havewritten I0. hasbeensnowing 11. l-rasstopped 12. l-raskicked l-3. l-ravebeengoing Ex.9. Pasttense.s: yestcrday,last week, two weelc ago, all last month, fiom Monday to Fridav,how long (see specialrules), just now, for three years (seespecialrules), long ago, all last year, at five o'clock, dlis morning (seespecialrules), in May Presentperfecttense;in the last few weeks,all day long, recendyup to norv,how long, for ages,just, for three years,all tl-risweek, for the last month, already,yet, all this year,siucewe met her,dris morning, this vear
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Aruswrn rrv Ex.10. 1. He hasbeenoverworking that's why he is so exhausted.2. Have you seenmy bag somewhere?I have beenlooking for it for hours. 3. There is saw dust in your hair.No wonder. I have beencutting wood. 4. I have been trying to ring him all the afternoon, but I can never find hirn in the office . 5. Have vou been waiting for me longf 6. Why are your trouserscoveredin flowersf I have beenbaking somecake.7. Our tap has bcen dripping for ages.B. SinceI collectedthe car from the garageit has beenrnaking a strange noise.9. You are tamred.Have you beenlying in the sun) 10. How long h'.rveyou beencryingf I'm rtc.rt cn,ing. I'te been peeling onions. ll. For how many hours haveyou been drivingf 12. Ho"v long have vou had a driving licencef 13. The trial hasbeentaking long. 14. The childrenhavebeenlooking forward to the surnmerholiday for weeks.15. I havebeenshoppingall day and now I havcn'tgot a pennyleft. 16. I havebeenaskingmy husbandto repairthe tap for months. 17.We havebeenpreparingfor dre wedding fbr weeks.lB. I haven'tslept for days. 19. His fadrerhas beendrinking sincehe was fired./ disrnisscd. 20. Shehasbeeneating a lot sinceshegot pregnant.2I. Yournoseis blceding.llave you beenfightingf 22.He can't take the project from me. I have been working on it for half a year.23. I have beenon a siimming diet sincelastmonth. 24. Sincewhen / How long haveyou beentrying to find a job.25.I l-ravc been thinking of him since I saw him. 26. We have bcen living in digs for six years.27. I h:avemoved placesfive times in dre last two years.28. There is a pain in my back becauscI've been ironing all dre morning. 29. How many shirts haveyou ironed so farf 30. Somethingsmellsvcry good. My rnothcr has beenmaking jarn.
UNIT 9 Ex. l. 2. He had just had a glassof water. 3. His secretaryhad alreadydone it for him. 4. Their car had broken down. 5. She had never seenhim. 6. My favourite serieshad begun. 8x.2. 2. Before I got back to the office my bosshad phoned three times. I got back to the office after my boss had phoned drreetimes. By the time I got back to the office my bosshad phoned three times 3. Before they met again he had married her niece.Thev met again after he had married her niece.Ily the time they met againhe l-radmarried her niece.4. Before Aunt Nancy turned around all the salrsages l-raddisappeared from dre table. Aunt Nancy turned around after all the sausageshad disappearedfrom the table. By drc time Aunt Nancy turned around all the sausages had disappeared from dre table. 5. Beforethey got to the station all the trains had left. They got to the station after all the trains had left. By the time thev got to the stirtion all the trains had left. 6. BeforeAnthony and Kelly got divorced they had adoptedtwo childrcn. A.r'rthonvand Iftlly got divorced after they had adopted two children. By the time A,nthony and Iftllv got divorcedthey had adopted two chiidren. E x .3 . 2. had opened,jumped 3. had ended,went 4. had shut, opened5. had alreadyknown, invited 6. had reird, started7. looked, went, saw)goq was, wondered,had stayed,had been,come B. ordered,had finished9. had had / got 10. paid, she had phoned ll. hadn't waited, we finished 12. was, had been 13. occurred, had forgotten 14. knew,had bought Ex 4. l. sold, had livcd 2. haclmoved, got, didn't like 3. went, didn't find, had stolcn 4. rang, had just got, was 5. fired, had often bcen, was lix. 5. 2. gor or-r/ realised/ had left 3. was takir-rgI met I had been4. switched/ l-radalreiidystartec'l5. arrived/ had gor-ref were sleeping6. had been/ were 7. had been/ phoned Ex.6. 1,C2.C3.C4.l\5.8 Ex.7. 1. He had tastedall dre cakesby the time the wedding receptionended.2. He waslate becausehe had had a pLrnctureon his way drere. 3. I had to realizethat I had never met anybodv like him before.4. I l-rad irardlv arrivecl/ Hardly had I arrived home when the phonc rang. 5. Befbre thcy got divorccd d-reyl-racl sold their house.6. She had a look at the picrurewhich the late Mr Howard l-radpainted of I'rirn.7. As soon asd-reflight had taken off, he fell asleep.8. BeforeI gavehim my phonc number hc had promisecl that hc rvould never give it to anyone else.9. He sold the watch which he had receivedfrom l-risfather for
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ArusweR rrv his bithday 10. Until he saw the ring he hadn't recognisedthe corpse.ll, By the time he finishedthe book he had got fed up with it. 12. Beforehe gavethe ransomto the kidnappers,he had calledthe police. 13. After dre rain had stopped,the desertbecamea seaof flowers. 1,4.He rememberedperfecdywhat he had said a week before. 15. He said that he had travelledaround the world earlier.16. He knew drat he had seen the girl somervherebefore. 17. By the time sheatethe soup, her son had finishedthe dinner.1B. Ilv the tin-reI woke up, it had got dark. 19. Unfortunately he ran in vain. He had alreadyrnissedall tl-re buscs.20. llv the time he graduatedfrom the universiql he had divorced twice.
UNIT 1O Ex.l. 2. Thel'h:rd been looking for him for a year.3. He had been playing computer games.4. He had been smoking. 5. He had been lying in the grrrss.6. Her husbandhad been hrrvir-rg a parqr 8x.2. 2. I had been tryir-rgto call him all day when it turned out that it was the wrong number. 3. When d-re coffrpanycloseddown, we had beenworking with them for three years.4. When the computer stopped I i'radbeen typing for ten minutes. 5. Peter had been waiting for fifteen minutes when his girlfriend pl-ronedhirn. 6. Wlren Jeremyand Susiegot married they had beengoing out togetherfor nvo years.7. Wl-renieremv and Susiegot divorced they had beenliving separatelyfor a year. Er. 3. 2. sot / thcy hird bccn playing 3. had bcen 4. had got 5. had beenstrolling 6. had beensleepir-rg7.wx u,caring/ cost or had cost B. had alreadyleft 9. wasplal,ingI0. had beenliving 11. had got12. wasdoing / u,rislooking / had f-allelr13. had put 14. had beenstudying 15. l-radunderstood 8x.4. l. f'l're band had been playing together for ten yearswhen they decidedto break up. 2.We had been rvorking hard for yearsby dre time we managedto get everythingwe needed.3. Shehad beer-r studying hirrd for rwentv yearsbv the tirne she reachedher goal. 4. Before the police arrestedhim, he had been dc:rlingin stolen carsfor five years.5. He had beensitting ten yearsin prison by the time it nrrned out tlrat hc rvasinnocent. 6. He had beentrying to fit in for yearsbut then he gave itup.7. When I met Tirn againhe was alreaclybald. He had beenhaving chemotherapyr B. Yesterd"y-y fiiend's wife met Cir-rd1r Sl-resaidshelooked reallywell. No wonder.Shel-radbeengoing to beauryparloursfor years.9. I had been u'orhing on the computer for two hours when it shut down. I0. I had alreadyryped ten pageswhen the computer crasheddue to a power cut. ll. I lost everything becauseI hadn't savedit. 12. I had been rv:riting for Tom for twenty minutes when I realisedthat I was standing in front of tJrewrong restalrrrlnt. 13. At dre end of dre iourney we were very exhaustedbecausewe had been travellinq for ten hours.
U N I T1 1 Er. l. 2. Oftbring I'relp3. Agreeing to do something 4. Polite request 5. Offering help 6. Agreeing to do sorrething 7. After cxpressionsofuncerta.inqr8. Promisir-rg something9. After expressions ofuncertainty 10. Spontar-reous decision11. Spontaneous decision. E x .2 . 2. I'll go 3. I'l[ nrm 4. I'll tirke 5. I'll switch 6. Will you show 7. I'll send B. I'll do 9. I'll lend 10. I'll give 11. I'll win 12. I1l fall 13. I'll put 14. I'll haveto 15. I'll go Iir. 3. 2. What shalllve do at the weekendf3. What shallwe eatl 4. Shallwe drink champagneor drink whisky) 5. Wl-ratsl-rallI dof Sl-rallI ohonc him or notf 6. Whcre shall we tri'Lveltol 7. Shall I closethe r'vindowf E.r.4. 2. Shall we go jogging or shall we do aerobicsf3. Where shall we meetl 4. Shall I help you wid-ritf 5. ShallI accompanyyou thcre| 6. Shallwe go by planeor shallwe go by shipl 7.What musicsl'rallwe listen toi B. Wl'ratshall I plrt onf 9. Shall I makeonion soupf 10. Shall we stav hcref E.r.5. l. I crrn'tbuy fl1ispair of shoesthis month. Do buy them, I'll lend you some ffroney.2.If I don't want to be lrrtc.I'll havc to / I must hurnr I think I'll takea ta-ri.3. I don't know how to usedris camera.I'll show
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AnswrRrrv you. 4. I still don't understandthe English tenses.Don't worry! I'll explainit to you. 5. I'm tired. I'll go to bed. 6. Will you come with usl / Are you coming with usl No, I'll stay at home. 7. Wrll you passorl a messageto himf 8. I'll get home by six. I promise.9. I don't believethat he will come to the parry 10. I bet he will be here. 11. I'm not sure if / whether I will everseehim again. 12. Don't forget about our meeting.Don't worry! I'll be there. 13. I think the babv will take after its mother. ).4. I hope I'll passthe exam.15. I've left the keysin the office.I'll haveto go backfor them. 16. It's cold outside.I'll go backfor a j u m p e r .1 7 . I s a n y b o d y w a t c h i n g T V l l f r - r o b o d y l ' l l s w i t c h i t o f f .1 8 . C o u l d y o u g i v e m e a r i n g tomorrow eveningf All right, I'll ring you. 19. Would you like me to collect dre children from dre nurseryf Don't bother! I'll collectthem. 20, Are you l-rungrylWhat shallwe eat for dinnerl 21. Can you do it aloneor shallI help youl 22. Shall I tell you what to dol 23. Where shall we travel in summerl 24. Shall we stay at home or shall we travel abroad? 25. What shall I drinkf Teaor coffeeI
UNIT 12 Ex. l. 2 . Y e s . 3N . o . 4 . Y e s . 5Y . e s . 6N . o . 7 . Y e s . 8N . o . 9 . Y e s1. 0 .Y e s . Ex.2. 3. fugl'rt.4. Wrong. ...will you get up ... 5. Wrong. ... shegets . .. 6. Right. 7. Wrong. .. . he phones.. . 8. Right. 9. fught. 10. Wrong. ... shereads/ shehasread ... Ex. 3. 2. When 3.If 4. When 5. when 6.If 7. When 8. if 9. If 10. When 11. if Ex. 4. 2. will send/ gets 3. leave4. don't need 5. has finishedor finishes6. will return 7. will, be / deccivcsB. hasleft f . is or will be / havegot 10. give / will find ll. will pay back 12. havepaid 13. finds / will be 14. goes 15. don't study,will fail E x .5 . 2. lrasfinished 3. will arrive 4. havehad dinner 5. comes6. has watered/ will do 7. reorrn8. clean Ex.6. I.A2.BorC3.D4.A5.D F,x.7. l.Assoonasyousignthecontractlwilltransferthe requiredsum.Ipromise.2.Ibethe willbesurprised when he learnsdrat we are brothers. 3. By the time Kate gets there I'll have gone. 4. Unfortunately I can't tell you when Mr ]ackson will be in. 5. I'm going to tell them our secretwhen they get backfrom thcir holidays in Jamaica.6. By the time Miriam and her husband retLrrnfrom their honeymoon, we will have arrangedeverything. 7.The marksmanwon't shoot until he gets a signal. B. As soon as I can get round to it, I'll travel to Verona.9. When I get home I'm sure that my dog will be waiting for me. 10. If rve don't hurry, the department store will closebefore we get there. II. What do you drink dre childrenwill be doing when we get homel 12.Willyou switch off the TV if you arenor watching itf 13. Until Tim paysback his debts,I won't speakto him. 14. Wait for me here unril I get back,all right) 15. As soon as my fadrer gets his salary,he spendsit on gambling.
UNIT 13 Ex. 1. 3. No, she won't. She will be working ir-rthe laboratory 4. No, she won't. She'll be working in rhe lab from 8.30 to ll. 30. 5. Yes,shewill. 6. No, shewon't. She'll be playing tennis with Richard. 7. No, she won't. She'll be showing her guest around the researchcentre. Ex.2. 2. she will be going to work. 3. she will be talking to her boss.4. She will be working in the lab. 5. she will be having lunch. 6. she will be showing her guest around the researchcentre. 7. she will be doing experimentsin the lab. B. sl-rewill still be doing experiments.9. shewill be going to the tenniscourt. 10. Shervill be at home. Perhapsshe will be watching TV then. F.x.3. 2. I'll be doing exercises.3. I'll be flying to Rome. 4. I'll be teachingEnglish. 5. I will be sleeping,of course.6. I'll be cleaningthe flat.
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ANswrR rrv 8x.4. 2. I'll be writing this book all next year. 3. When his daughter is born, he will be phoning rclativesall dav 4. They witl be working on the project all next month. 5. This time next month iack will bc lying in the sun in Greece.6. At dris time tomorrow you'll be sitting the exam. 7. This time next week she'llbe coming down the slopesof the FrenchAlps. B. The Saint)upat will be sailingtowardsfunerica dris tin-re next Sunday Ex.5. l. The form-teacherwon't be ableto receive/ attendto l(ate'smother becauseshervill bc giving a lcssot-t. 2. This time tomorrow I will be harvesting.3. This time tomorrow my bosswill be having talks at the Chinoin, which meansI'll be free.4. I won't hearthe phone becauseI will be taking rny dog for a rvalk. 5. I'll be sitting on the train at six o'clock on Sunday 6. This time next year Peter will be studying in Chicago.7. What will you be doing at five o'clock tomorrow) We could meet. B. When you gct horneI'll be cleaningthe bathroom. 9. This time next week Mum will be lying in hospitrl. 10. This tiue trext month I'll be working in my new office.
UNIT 14. Ex.I. 2. they will hirvereacheddte coastof Africa 3. they will haveseenthe pyramids4. thev rvill havegot to Soutl-rAfrica 5. they will haveleft for South America6. they will havcarrivedin Mexico. 7 .Tl'tevu'ill have travcllcd around the USA. B. They will have got home. 8x.2. 2. He rvill havebeenunernployedfor threeyears.3. we'll haveknolvrt eachother for six months.4. he will have been in love with me for five years.5. She'll have had this job for sevcnmoudts. 6. he rvill have been here for a month. 7. she r.villhave been the managerof dre company for a year. Ex.3. 2. 'll havetranslated3. 'll have finished4. I will haveread 5. will haveleft. 6. I'll have paid Ex. 4. I. By d-reend of d-rcvearscveralthousandpeoplewill l-ravereadour homepage. 2. By diis titne totnorrow you'll hirve receivedthe cl-reque.Don't worry! You'll ha',,eenough rnone\{ 3. Bv quartcr past twelve I'll havefinisl-reddre translation,I promise.4. It's late.Bl.d-rctime we get to drc theatre,the pcrformirnccwill have started.5. By Monday I will havemade a decisionabout the pay rise. 6. 81,ths time you get birck tomorrow, I'll have finished dre cleaning. 7. By this time next week I'll have bought the tickets fbr the U2 concert. B. By the end of the month everybodyu,ill have receivedtheir notice. Unforfilnately our company has gone bankrupt. 9. It's good for Caroline. By l)ecember she rvill have trirvcllcci:rrottttd South-America.10. By next yearPauland Edith will haveknown eachodrer for four years.11. According to rumours the human resourcesmanagerwill have decidedwl-rothe nerv chicf accountantrvill be bv Tuesday12. By EasterI'll l'ravebought d-reIIMW 13. Today'sa scorcher.The pond ncxt to your house will have dried up by August. 14. Hopefully, rny younger sisterwill have fir-rishedredccoratingthe flat by the end of next week. I'll help her. f 5. By Friday Verawill havecopied all dre four hundred pagesof the report, even if it's not hcr task
UNIT 15 Ex. L. 2. By next month we will havebeenlearningEnglish for rwo years.3. By Iunc they will havcbccngoing out together for three years.4. By the weekendTorn will have beenlooking for a job for a month. 5. By 12 o'clock he will have been travelling for five hours. 6. By dre time yott come birck I will have been sleepingfor hours.7. By tomorrow Mum will havebeencleaningdre flat for three days. Ex.2. 2. I will have beenworking herefor five years.3. I will havebeenlearningEnglish for six mondrs.4. she will have been playing tennis for six years. 5. we will have been married for fifteen years.6. I r.villhave beenteachingfor scvenyears.7 .I will havebeenthe headmasterof this school for four months. Ex. 3. 2. wtIl.be working 3. will have finished all the tasks4. will be sailing 5. will have been prepirring6. will be sweating 7.wtll, have replied 8. will havc beenwriting 9. rvill have been studving 10. will have run
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Aruswrn rev 11. will have beenrunning 12. wlll be running 13. will be running 14. will haverranslared15. rvill have been translating 16. will be translating Ex.4. 1. By SeptemberI'll have been working for this companyfor ten years.2.By next TiresdayI won'r hirve eaterl any sweetsfor almost a year. 3. By the end of this month I'll have been leirrning Englisl'r fbr fir'e y'ears.4. By August I'll have been paying the instalmentsol-lthe washing machine for two ycars.5. 81' next Christmas /ohn and Lilly will have been going out togerher for thrce years.Doesn'r rime flvl 6. 81, next yearI'll havebeenplaying golf for two years.7. By Scptember,,Cars"will have beenrunning in tl-re theauesfor fifteen years.B. By noon Peterwill have beendriving for rnore rhan ten honrs. Madrid is a long u'a1'fromhere. 9. By the end of the yearUncle John will havebeenteachingus rnathsfor a year.10. On 20d'October I rvill have beenliving in Budapestfbr threeyear.s.11. On 6d'April Mum ;urdDad rvill hrrveLreenliving in dre country for sir ),ears.12. Bv the end of dris year wc r.villhave bccn renting tl,ris flat for five ye:rrs.13. Bv next month I will have been le:rrning to tango for three vcars. 14. On 1., JanuarySteve'sgrandfatherwill have been working as an inspectoron the local busesfor ru,enryyears.
UNIT16 Ex. 1. 2. I'm going to type it in the afternoon. 3. Not let. I'm going to invite her romorrow 4. I'm just going to print it. 5. I'm going ro post it after work. Ex.2. 2. What areyou going to buyf 3.Wl-roareyou going to phone) 4. Who arc yolr going to invite| 5. Wliat kinc'lof car are vou going to buyl 6. What are you going to do with itf Ex. 3. 2. I'nt going to take up aerobics.3. I'm going to discussit rvith my boss. 4. I'm going to appty for aclmissiottto the Universiry of Economics.5. I'm going ro travel around the world. Ex.4. 2. is going to fire you. 3. arc going to haveguests.4. is going to snceze. 5. is going to slam.6. It's going to snow:7. is going to crash.8. is going to fail Iix. 5. L Who arc you going to invite to y6s1 birthday party olt Saturdiryl 2.You arc going ro cilrch a c<.rlcl rvitl-rout a coat in such rainy weather. 3. I'm not going to take part ilt this scminar toclay It's so boring. 4. L)o you want to eat the rvhole cakel You are going to feel sicl<.5. Thc skv hasgot o\/crci1st. It's going to rain. 6. I've bought some wallpaper becausear rhe end of thc week I'm going ro paper our grirudplrentrshouse. 7. Tonight I'm goir"rgto tell rny husbandthat I havc becn flred. B. Mariernne and ?eter are going to get marricd in summer.They have bought thc rings too. 9. You .a.re going to fall from the tree if you don't watch out. 10. My God. That drunkard is goine to fall under thc train. Wlrat is he doing therel tl. Tonight I'rn going to speakro the bossabout my promorion.12. Lookl Jack is going to kiss Iill. 13. M)'flowers, which I plantedyesterday, are going ro carcha cold in thc garden.It's so cold outside. 14. Little Lilly.saysshe is going to bc a ballet dancer.15. Eve is nor going to visit Etelka in the hospital. She hates her.
UNIT17 Ex. 1. 1. starts/ finishes2. open 3. starrs4. land 5. leaves6. arrives Ex.2. 2. am doing aerobics.3. am having lunch with Jerry 4. am working 5. am going to rr concerrwith my Mum 6. I'm meeting my bossthen 7.I'm travellingto Vienna B. doing anything 9. 'm hirvinglunch witl-r mv rnother-in-law Ex.3. 1. am going to dre cinetna./ doesthe film begin 2. doesthe bus get 3. opens/ finisl-res 4. Are you doing does it start 5. am flying takes off6. does it finish 7. is coming / / / is travelling/ lands/ am meetingS. arc vou going / arn going / does rhe lecture begin / Are you coming
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Answinrrv !,x. 4. The rigirt answcr.sare: 2. Illl t,rhevou 3. I'll meet you 4. you aretaking 5. doesyour train leave6. I'll keepmy word. 7. I'll wash 8. I won't fbrget. 9. I'm going out 10. we are travelling ll. I will pass E x .5 . 2. 'rn flving 3. I am going to leave4. won't go 5. leaves6. aregoing to fall off 7. shervill still be living B. rvill havespent 9. arn flying 10. will havefinished f I. Will yoLrarlswer12. will Tom arrive/ will get J.3. I will have beenworking 14. will arrive 15. is dre last planedue 16. aregoing to buy 17. will be IB. are going to paint 19. ShaIII E x .6 . 2 . B 3 . A 4 . A 5 . A 6 . B 7 . 8 B .l l 9 . B 1 0 .B Ex.7. l. B1' ns*1 year Jimrny will have been drinking heavily for five years.2. Tomorrow I'm going to th9 llritiih Muserun. Don't you feel lil<ecoming widr rnel 3. Such litde rnoney will be hardly enough for such a long trip. 4. - Scc vor-rat six o'clock tomorrow evening in front of dre zoo then. - OI( but don't be late I ll,on'r wait fbr you. 5. I'm surethat shewill like the Gucci sunglasses.6. By May Monica and L'recatise Ilriur will have been at loggerherds for t\\'o vears. 7. Don't call me between eight and nine. We'il be then. 8. Don't worryl By ten I'll haveleft. 9. As soon asI can get round to it, I will go to having L-rreakfast sccAunr Marlr I0. Tonight we aregoing to the new Irish pub. Are you coming widr usl ll. Do you think tl'ratI'il be r.r,orkingat the universiry in five yearsf 12. Tomorrow I'm going on a triP to Visegrdd. 13. Our Gcrnrirng$ests:rrevisiting us in the sccondhalf of August. 14. What if my car won't passthe M.O.T testf 15. I don't hnow whirt I'll do next year:16. I don't lanowwhat rvill happen at rny placeof work tornorrow. lly nine I rvill I'ravefound our. 17. Perhapswe will finish building olrr house by next slunmer.I'rn looking jeans. fonv:rrc1to it. lB. Thc BUX index will fall drarnaticalyf9. Now it's for surethat I won't buy d-rese cappuccino a good we will drink shopping 21. After | 20. What if I r,von'thavea baby in drreeyetrrs'time crrfe.OKI 22. Youcanseehorv much pa.intI havebought. I'm going to paint my flat some in rn'n,flavourite rinre nexr rveck.23. When do we haveto get to dre airportl Our flight tal<esoff at 7.20 from gatel. 24. I hope rhat therc u'ill be a great demalrdfor our new product.25.My God! That tntck is going to run ovcr rhat child. 26. Will you help rnc for a momentl I can't reachthat sbelf.27. This ti-rnenext yearI will bc lving in rhe sun in )amaica'andI'll be drinking my favouritecocktail.28. The rate of unetnployment ri'ill fall in dre next ten years.29.I don't understandthis exarnple.I'll explainit to you. 30. Shallwc go slir-rtingrr thc "r,eekcndor shall we st'ayat home insteadl 31. A.r'eyou doing mydring tomorrow afternoonf Ycs,I'm pl:ryingtenniswidr loln. 32. Next May we aregoing to celebrateour tendr wedding'arniversary 33. If hc goeson like dris, he will end up in prison. 34. How much will a krlo of breadcost,let'ssayin 2010) 35. I'[ rell you when I've finisheddre clcaning.I promiseit won't take long.
UNIT 18 Ex.I. 2. Did Sl'rcil:rusero work abroad) Sheiladidr-r'tLrseto work abroad 3. Did we use to play baseballa iotf Wc clicln'tusc to play bascball:'rlot. 4. Did lack and Tom useto be friendsf Jackand Tom didn't useto bc fi'iencls.5. Did Paul use to have a lot of pctsf Pauldidn't use to have a lot of pets.6. Dicl drey useto They didn't usc to carn il lot of mone\t canr il lot clf r-r-toney) E-r.2. 2.lcrric r.rscdro be fat but he is slim now 3. I didnlt useto eat cheesebut now I like it a lot. 4. Pctcrused t6 bc a hg11'ysmoker but now he smokesonly one or two cigarettesa day 5. Sheusedto be poor but ttow shc hrrs'.rIot of moncy 6. They didn't use to go to dre swimn-ringpool but now they go there every Srrutl.rl: Er. 3. 2. uscclro rcnr 3. usedto go 4. usedto be 5. Did yoll useto go outf 6. didn't useto cat 7. usedto drink 8. r,rscdto collect Er. 4. 2. I usedto be singlebur now I'm marriedwith two children.3. I usedto earn a lot of money but rny firm hasgone bankrupr so I'rn unemploycd.4. I usedto be overwcight but now I do sportsregularlyand I'rn lrbont rhe right rveighr. 5. I used to be betwecnjobs but now I work for a well-known multinational conrpxn\.6. I useclto havc a big housebut I live in a flat now.7.I didn't use to watch TV but ttow I'm
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Aruswtn rrv on sick learreso I watch TV a lot. 3. I didn't Llseto have :r favourite TV programmc but nclr.vI irh.l,l1,s wrltch CNN news. 9. I didn't use to drink coffee but now I have low blood Dressltreso I hirvc rr cno of coffce cverv morning.
E-r.5. I. I usedto love her.2. We usedto go to the theatreregularllr3. Peopledidn't uscto havemobile p'rhones. 4. When I was a child I used to write a lot of lertersto my frier-rdsbut today I r:rthcr ring drerr-rup. 5. Ur-rcleTorn woulc-lget up at the breakof dawn and would go to bed at sunser.6. We uscclto rnccr rr lot some\rearsago, but today we hrirdly seeeach other.7 . When he was a universitystlldeut he usedto go to the librirry a lot but today he hasl-rardlyany time to read.B. When I wason materniryle'.rvcI uscclto rvalk a lot but today I go alnost everywhereby car.9. I usedto havel-righblood pressurebut sinccI wrrsmrrclc redundant I'vc been feeling very well. 10. I used to do my best to be respcctedand ro be lovcd, but today I don't care about it at all. 1I. Before our marriagemy husband used to take me to restaurrlnts regularly 12. Before he met dris girl Thomas usedto work hard. 13. I uscd to think a lor abour what it could be likc to be old. 14. He used to write books but hc has retired. 15. Before srarrins to rvorli firr this cornpanyhe used to be unemployed for many ycars. 16. F{e used to interprret,r lot-bur roclrrvhe hardlv get any assignment.17. Before being promoted he usedto go homc at 4 pm br-rttoday hc l-rarcllv gets home before 7 pm. lB. I didr-r'tuse to dealwith politics. 19. In the beginning I clicln'tnsc ro rravel a lot but now I go abroad aLmostevery secondmonth. 20. When he r.v..rs a child he clidn't use ro c1o sports, but l-risdoctor advisedhim to do exercises.
UNIT 19 EX. 1, 2. ..., the teamis to arriveat the destinationat 6 o'clocksharp. '...3. If shewasto missthe bus ... 4. ... is tr-r be transfcrred... 5. They were to land ... 6. We arero meer 7. Jacl< ancl)ill werero phor-re ... Ex.2. 2. They were about to phone Bill ... 3. ]ack wasabout to get on ... 4. Monika was aboutro tell hirn hcr secret... 5. Jim was about to get irrto the lift ... 6. His parentswereabout ro callthe police... Ex. 3. 2.The bus is due to arrive at 5.30. 3. Our flight is due to take off ^t4.25.4. The lacksonsareduc ro arrive tomorrow 5. The delegationis to arrive at l0 o'clock romorrow 8x.4. 2. is due to arrive 3. was abour to save4. is to 5. are not to enrer Ex. 5. l. Be quiet! Tl-refilm is about to start. 2. Shewas to go to Italy with l'rerhusband.3. I rvasabour ro leave udrenthe phone rang. 4. The train is due to arrive at seven.5. The flight was dlrc to tirkeofftrr 4.30 but dtte to the fog it still hasn't taken off. 6. The eaglewas about to strike down on its prev rvhenthe hunrcr slrot it. 7.The performancewas to be held in an open-airtheatrebut due to bad weirrherthe programme was cancelled.B. Wc were to travel on a Boeing 747 but for securityreasonsthe flight was ciurcellcd.9. He wasabout to get down to work when his wife entered.I0. He was about to sit down whcn sornebody knockedat the door. 11. I was about to leavethe restaurantwhen dre m'anrvho I was waiting fbr arrivecl. 12. He was about to closethe window when he heardsomebodycrying for help. 13. According ro rhc Programmedre lecnrreis to start at B.20. 14. He wasabout to switch tl-reTV off when he caughtsigl-rtof I'riswife's car in dre news.
UNIT20 Ex. 1. 2.I am writing a letter at the moment 3. I wrote threeletterslast week.4. I was writing lettersfi'om 5 to 6. 5. I havcwritten three lettersso far. 6. I havebeenwritins lettersfor two hours. 7. I had r.vrittcnthree lettersby the time the meeting started.B. I l-radbeenwritinf lettersfor irn hour by the timc thcy irrrived. 9. I will write lettersto you when I'm in America. 10. I will be writing lenerswhen you come horne. 1l. I will havervritten three lettersby the time vou arrive. 12. By the time you arrive I will havebeenwriting lettersfor an hour. 13. I'm going to write lettersafter I arrive home. 14. I used to write a lot of letters rvhenlwasachild.
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rrv Aruswrn Ex.2. 2. A At 5 I'rn plaving temis with Jack . S-kor )ack-kelteniszezem.B At 5 I will be playing tenniswith Jack. S-kor dpp teniszeznifogok Jack-kel.C At 5 I was playing tennis with Jack.5-kor dpp Jack-kelteniszeztem. 3. A We-havclived hcri since 1995. B We have been living here since 1995. L995 6ta dliinl
UNIT21. 2I I part I Ex. l. 2. be ablero 3. can't / won't be ableto 4. can 5. can 6. beenableto 7. can/ will be ableto 8. be ableto 9. bcen able to , be irble to 10. Can you Ex.2. I usedto be ableto sing well and I usedto be ableto run five kilometres.I would like to be ableto speak good Englisl-rand I would alsolike to be able to ride a horse.I havenever been able to swim under the wrlter and I harvenever been able to play dre violin and I don't think I r,vill ever be. Ex.3. 2. cansmcll 3. can't rernember4. couldn't learn 5. couldn't recoqnize6. couldn't see7. could swim 8. can't understand E x .4 . 2. were able to furish it. 3. were ableto saveher lifc. 4. he was able to do it. 5. was able to explain E x .5 . 2. could 3. couldn't 4. couldn't 5. was able to 6. could 7. were able to rescueB. was able to 9. was able tt-rI0. corrldn'tpa\
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Arlswtnrrv Ex. 6. L. Wc can't meet / \,v'or1'tbe able to meet next week either.2. I haven't been able to speakto hirn for ages. 3. Aldrough olrr car broke down on fhe way we were ableto / managedto get to the meeting. 4. They ran out of time so thcy weren't able to / couldn't hand in their application before the deadline.5. He hasnever been able to sing. 6. PerhapsSam will be able to help you. I Sam may be able to help you. 7.I usedto be able to rttn dre hundred metres within ten seconds.8. Aldrough I had been to her placeearlier,I couldn't find m1,rv'aydrere. 9. In dre picture I can seea girl in a red skirt. 10. You can't do anlthing widr a woman in love. 11. We tried to persuadehim but we couldn't.12. I would like to be ableto speakEnglishfluentlv 13. I couldr-r'tunderstandwhy he was behavinglike this. 14. Jack hasn't been able to sleepfor weeks becausedre neighbour's dog is cor-rstandybarking. 15. We had to rvork hard but finally we were able to ccrp'rwith this dificult task. 16. Can you hear this noisef 17. Cul you seerhat man by the windorvf lB. Can you smell her fragrance/ perfume) 19. I can't rememberwhat he said after the lesson.20. My ansrverphonebroke down so nobody was ableto leavea message. 2I I pan2 Ex. L. 2. could go to Croatia 3. could buy a map 4. could take a ta-xi5. Your wife could teachyou. 6. could ask a passer-by' 7. could preparefor the exarns Ex.2. 2. could 3. can't4. could 5. can 6. Can you7. can/could B. couldg. couldeat I0. Can you Ex. 3. 2. cor'rldhavestayed3. could stay4. could be 5. could take6. could havetaken 7. couldn't meet B. could learn 9. could havegone 10. could go 8x.4. 2. could have taken 3. couldn't have done 4. could have been 5. couldn't have used 6. couldn't have persuirded7. couldn't have passed Ex. 5. l. Are vou very hungryl Wc could go to this new Chincserestaurant.2. You could have told me about it. I could havelent you somemoney 3. You could havebought this washingmachinebut you can never makeup your mind. 4. You could havegot up earlieraswell, couldn't youf 5. My God. I'rn.sotired again. I could sleepfor three dirys.6. I'm so thirsty drat I could drink a litre of water.Cycling is so gruelling. 7. I coulcln'thavegone to Sue'sbirdrdav parry becauseI w:rsworking then. 8. Why did you wait for rneI You couid have gone home. 9. You could havecookedsomedringfor dinner.I'm so hungry 10. I could buv a nicc vasefor l-rer.She loves,,Herendi" ll. You werc lucky You could alsohave burnt in the house. 12. You could phone dre manageron MondayrHe will bc in dre office then. 13. A very good flat was advcrtisedin the ,,Napl6". You could phone drem now I'll give you rhe number. 14. Wlry did you leave me) I could hrrvc loved )1ouforever. 15. I(aren couldn't have passedthe exam in English. She didn't learn anything. 16. It's erpity that they havegone home. They could alsohaveslept here. 17. I couldr-r't hirve hclped Peter.I have never mended a car. 18. I could travel to Barbados now It's so cold in Hungary now. 19. You couldn't have met Tom yesterdaybecausehe has been abroad for a weck. 20. His alibi is t-totconvincing cnough. He couldn't have bcen at homc at that time. 2I lplLrt3 Ex.l. 2. can't 3. rnust 4. can't 5. must 6. can't Ex.2. 3. lrirve4. havc gone 5. be at home 6.be 7. have beenrunning 8. have got Lrp9. haveclimbed 10. can'r havernet 11. watch 12. havetakcn Ex.3. 2. He must hirve becn unfaithful to her. 3. He must have used a cheat-sheet.4. He can't have learnt anvthing. 5. Shemust havehad bad drearns.6. They must haveforgotten to turn the heatingoff. 7. She catt't hat'erememberedto post it. B. They can't haveseenme. 9. Sornebodymust have broken into the house. 10. He must have spenr his money on gambling.
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AruswrnrEv Ex. 4. 1. Look ar rhat man widr that Jaguar.lle must have a lot of money.2.He can't be guilry He couldn't hurt a fly 3. He can't be kidding. F{e doesn'tlike jokes.4.Try to call him now He rnust be at home. 5. He can't be in his office. I've just spokento his secretary6. He can't report the caseto the police.Hc is too much of a coward to do so. 7. lle can't tell his secret. 8. You must find someonewho will lovc you. 9. He can't know the rules. 10. They can't be working now. It's dark in dre offrce. 11. I haven'tmet my ncighboursfor ages.They must have left. 12. It's raining but I can't find my umbrella. I must haveleft it at the school. 13. David has bought a lot of drings recendy FIe must havc won the jackpot. 14. Paul was ro arrive at ten. FIe c:rn't havefound his way here. 15. Patsydid the opposite of whar I askedher to do. Shecan't haveunderstoodwhat I told her. 16. Why didn't you answerthe phone) I can't havel-reard it rir-rgingbecauseI was having a shower dren. 17. I can't find the businesscard of my customer.I must havc left it in the restaurantyesterdayevening.IB. Petermust have been working on this one book for quite a long time. 19. As you neverlocked up your bicyclesornebodymust havestolen it. 20. F{e can't have died. I fcel drat he is still alive. 2l I part 4 Ex.1. 2. They rnight be in dre pub. 3. Shemight be kidding. 4. Tom may be working now 5. He may want to come with us. 6. They rnight conreto the party 7.We may be able to cope rvidr this problem. B. They rnight be able to carry out dreir plan. 9. We may haveto take it backtoday I0. Terencemight havebeen at rhe parq{ 11. They may have been bored widr dre lecture. 12. They might havegone home rrftcrthe meeting. I3. Shem'.ryhavehad to rent a flat. 14. I rnight haveleft my glovesin the theatre.15. Shen-right havebeenhaving a shower then. 16. They may havebeenplaying cards.17. They might havebeengoing out togetherfor a while. f 8. Jill may not be in love widr him. 19. Shemight not want to speakto you. 20. They might not come to schooltoday 2 I . They might not haveunderstoodthe task.22. He mrlyrtot have beenfeeling well. Ex.2. 2. migl-rtbe watching 3. may have bougl-rt4. may have taken 5. might have been 6. might haveleft Ex. 3. 2. might drop 3. may need 4. might skid 5. might kill 6. may call Ex.4. 2. might have to work 3. may haveto resit 4. might be able to lend 5. may be able to climb Ex.5. I. B) He may be having a shower.2. A) She might be looking for the director B) She may haveleft somethinghere. 3. A) He might havegot ill. B) He may be working at home. 4. A) They may be under the bed. B) The dog might have taken them into the kennel. 5. A) He may have been ill. B) He might not have known d'rat Saturday was a working day Ex. 6. 2. You may as well dye it. 3. You might aswell copy it. 4. You may aswell cleanthem. 8x.7. 2. Jasonis not likely to understandit. 3. We arelikely to win the race.4. He is likely to be worried about us. 5. The Fludsons are not likely to be in the office. Ex.8. l. Terry might not be at home. 2. Paulmay go on a srudyffip overseas.3. At the weekendI might sleep "What's this noisef" "The cat irt home. 4. "Where is Tom)" "FIe might be smoking on the balcony" 5. "I "She may be having lunch." 7. I might meet may be chasingthe mice in dre attic." 6. can't find Judy" my new boss todali 8. "Where is your capf" "I might have left it in the car." 9. ]ack and lill might have lost their way in the forest. 10. Youmay havedialledthe wrong number.lI. He may not havecommitted suicide.L2. He might not have understoodthe question.13. It's not very likely that I will everseehim again. 14. It's not likelv that he will invite me to his wedding. 15. She may forgive you. / It's likely that slrewill forgive yo,r. I She is likely to forgive you. 16. It's likely drat they will refuseyour offer. / They are "F{e may have likely to turn down your offer. 17. "What was your brother doing in his room at 5 pm)" "She "Wlry can't have been feeling well." been studying." 18. didn't she come to my birthday party)" might have been dealingrvith the for 20. She years. 19. She may have been working on her new book new project for weeks.21. You might have helpedme do my homework.
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ArusweR rrv 2I I part 5 Ex. l. 2. Can I use your phonef 3. Can I borrow your pen?4. May I open dre windowf 5. May I havc ),orrr narnel 6. Can I usethe comouter) E-t.2. 2.Yr:u rnaynot enter here.3. You rnay not sit on dre bcnch.4. Yor.rmav not take photos here. 5. Youmrl\' not swirn here.6. You m'.rvnot use your mobile phone. Ex. 3. 2. are uot allowed to take 3. won't be allowedto qet on 4. wasn't allowed to drink 5. u,irsallowedro bliv 6. are irllowed to walk Ex. ,1. 2. Shewon't let you smokein dre flat. 3. My father didn't let me go dancing.4. Her husbancldocsn'rler her rvork. 5. Paullet his sisterusehis walky-talky 6. My daughteralwayslcts the dng sleepin hcr bccl.7. I will treverlet vou lnarry that m:rn. B. Jackhasneverlet his brothersenter his room without knocking. Ex.5. 2. Our teacheralw:rysallows Llsto go horne before the end of the lesson.3. Yor,rrmorher r,villnevcr allow you to keep pets in dre flat. 4. Tir-rahasneverallowed her childrcn to usen:rstywords. 5. Hrs rvifc' didn't allorv hirn to go to the pub witl-r his friends. 6. Torn allowed her to use his credit carcl.7. I r,vouldn'tallow him to speakro you like that. 8x.6. l Excuserne! May I come in) 2. Hello Jackl Could / Can you give mc a liftf 3. I'm sorrv You na1' 11e1 enter without giving the password.4. Mrs Black,may I takeyour coat) 5. I'm afi'iridyou arcnor allowecl to / may not smokehere.6. Can I haveyour narneand phone numberf 7. Mr Jackson,may I hirvca look at dre drawingsl B. )essica,can I use your phonef 9. You may not take out referencebooks fiom the librant 10. I wasn't allowed to speakto my lawyer.ll. He won't be allowedto leavethe buildine. 12. You rtalr 161enter the basilicain a mini skirt. 13. Youwill be allowedto readthis documentonly if you don't speakabout it to anyone.14. Nobody hasbeenallowedto excav2lte in tl-risarea.15. I'll ncverlet you go. 16. Why did you let him hurniliate youf 17. I wouldn't let rny children behavelike this. 18. Tom allowed his daughter to / let his daughter take his car. 19. Eve alwayslets I'rercl-rildrengo / allows her clrildren to go home late.20. Have you ever ler anybody read your diaryf 2\. I part6 Ex.l. 2. She had to go horne. 3. We had to visit him in the l-rospital.4. You won'r havc to practiseit. 5. Jecl< r.vill have to use his calculator. 6. You l-radto go drere. F,x.2. 2. must help 3. must go 4. won't have to fly 5. had to move out of 6. will have to / mr.rstspeak7. rvill have to do 8. don't have to speak9. must apologize Ex. 3. 2. don't haveto 3. don't have to 4. mustn't 5. mustn't 6. rnustn't 7. don't have to 8. mustn't Ex. 4. 2. Where will you have to travel to next month) 3. Who hasto find a new jobl 4. Why did tl'reyhavcrc'r mect an Lrrgentdelivery) 5. How long did you haveto stay in a hotell 6. Who will r.vehavero speirkro irbout our plan) 7. What do you have to buy todayl Ex. 5. 2. I neededto go horne. 3. Youdidn't needto explainit. 4. Shewill needto wrire it down. 5. I didn't necd to type it. 6. He need checkit I He needsto checkit. 7.'Ihey needmeet him. / They needto meerhim. B. He need fill the tank / FIe needsto fill the tank. E x . 6 . 2 . t o 3 . t o 4 . - 5 . - 6 . t o 7 . t o B .- 9 . - 1 0 .t o Ex.7. 2. needn'thavehad lunch in a saladbar.3. needn'thavetakenher walkman with her 4. needn'thlve sor-rc to school. 5. needn't have used a public phone 6. needn't havecalleda mechanic. Ex. B. 2. I needn'thavegot up earlir 3. I didn't haveto take an umbrella.4. I needn'thavetakenan umbrella.5. I didn't have to make lunch. 6. I needn't have made lunch.
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rrv Aruswen Ex.9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B. 9. 10. IL 12. 13. 14. I5. 16. 17. I8. 19.
Hc is your best friend. You must forgive him. Do yott kuorv when you haveto meet her at dre stationl We must find some roorn for this chestof drawers.We can't dtrow it out. You mLrstlook after her. She is your dauglrter. How malnytimes do I haveto tell you that I love youf Whv did you have to annoy your teacherof Englishf I've had to tirke drcsc medicinesfor three months. You neech't accompanyme home. I can find my way home alonc. If I want to support my familii I must find / I ll have to find ri good job. Wc didr-r'tnecclto call for the doctor. You clon't need to / needn'texplainto lxe wl-latectuallvhappened. Vru $,on't nccd to find a flat. You can staywid-rus aswell. If t,our blood prcssureis high, you tnusut't drink coffee. If vou clon't rvant to get a heart attttck)you mustn't overwork. Cirn't )'ou sec the sign) You rnustn't stop here. You mustn't swim in this lake. You mustn't park y6s1 car here.Otherwiseit will be towed away I needn'rhave subscribedto Newsweek.My husbandhad alreadysubscribedto it. I didn't havc ro go to the English lessonyesterdaybecausemy English teacherphoned me to s.ly drat shewas ill. but I only realisedit there that it was I" May 20. I need,n'thave €toneto school yesterday, 21. I needn't havehurricd becausethe bus was thirty minutes late.
2 1 .I p a r t T Ex.l. 4. should go to an estateagency5. should ProPose 2. shouldn't car any sweers.3. should do exercises. to her 6. should get divorced 7. shouldn't work so much. F,x.2" 2. shor.rldspeak3. should arrive4. should havegot up 5. Should/ stay,shouldI go 6. should havehanded 7. should ll-relp B. should havetaken 9. should havefailed 10. sl-rouldn'thave acccpted Ex. 3. 3. Shoulcln'tyou be at work now) 4. shouldn't have spoken so loudly 5. should have listenedto the reacher6. should be driving faster 7. should have phoned me earlier 8. should have arrived Ex. 4. 2. You ought ro have invited her. 3. Pauloughtn't to spendtoo much money 4. Everybody ought to keep thc rules. 5. We oughtn't to have punished her, 6. He ought to be driving more carefully E x .5 . 3. I oughtn'r to hir.vemissedthe bus. 4. I should go on a diet. 5. He oughtnt to be so selfish.6. She slrouldn'r have overslept".7. He oughtn't to be playing the violin at such a late hour. Ex.6. 1. You shouldn't deceiveher. She deservesmore than that' 2. You should listen to / You should be listeningto what I'm sayingto you. 3. Hc shor-rldgive up doing overtime if he doesn'twant to get ill. 4. I sl'rouldhave informed him about the changes. 5. Why should I havewarned himl 6. Shouldn't you be at home yet| 7. I should have defended her but I didn't dare to get involved / dared not get involved. 8. You shouldn't have been waiting for him for hours. 9. What do you think I should dol 10. I should leaveher without sayinga word. 11. I should put this wardrobe to the other side of the room. 12. She shoulcifind someonewho she can trust. 13. We should ask Daddy what he thinks about it. 14. She isn't in :r good mood. You shouldn't teaseher.
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Aruswrn rev 15. Granr-ryis very old. We should help her. 16. We haven't met for aqes.You should come and seeus. 17. We shoulclhave put "tT tt"r"meeting. lB' He should have beenlearning English all afternoonbut he was watching TV instead. 19. In sr"rch cold weathervou should be wearing an overcoar. 20. If you wanr to ger up early you should serrhe alarm clock. 2 1 . / p a r t8 Ex.1. 2. tho'shor-ridbook a table 3. I pav mv debtsby nexr rveek4. we go to seeher at the weekepd5. I should askn1'fathcr 6. she invitc mv cousinstoo.7. that we tell her the truth B. I should give up my job 9. we sh.,lcl acccpr 10. that they should open a'ew plant in Romani:r b.x.2. 2. shc shottld sav 3. l-reshould be / he be 4. sl-resould resign5. be /shoulcl be here 6. look after shoulcl / looli aflcr their pirrents7. he should clo that B. he be / sliould be late Ex.3. 2. It's uot very liliely d-ratPcter hasmoney in tl'rebank but if he shoulclhave any he will lend you some. 3. I don't:lrppose drat wc "vill finish building our housenexr yerrrbut if wc should finish it, we will give a part\: 4. I'm llot surethat I'll win the rircebut if I should win it, I'll phone you at once. 5. It's not [[ely that thev rvill l-relpus but if thcv should help, we will bc able to finish tl-repioject. ,_ Er.4. 2. shouldn't mect. 3. should put a jurnper on. 4. should go 5. shor.rldrnarry E x .5 . l. He sr'rggestcd that rve should listen to him / that we lisrento him I that we listenedto him. 2. We rccommcndcdthat they should report the caseto the police. 3. Hc i.sists that wc should phone him assoon aswe crossthc border. H" suggestionthar',ve should expandto the East was interesting. 1 5. I rlemrtndthat they pa)'cotnpcusation. 6 sr-rggested that that they should take / that tl-reytake / that they took a few days off. -Wc 7. They rccommenclecl mc not to go drerealone. 8. He c'lcrnancls tl-rate1,e1'bod_y asli fbr his permission if they want to leavethe camp. 9. I insistedrl-rarthe children be in bed ar ten o'clock. 10. "Shall I buy this car)" "I would buy it. It's a bargain." yor.rsuggesrthat I should divorce rny wife /"that I divorce my wifef J 1 P" you should think / that you think / that you thought ir over again. J? ]^tugg.:ted that If you should meet Tom / should you meet Tom, give him my tegidr. ]3 go ro rhe party,don't forget to askheito give me " ,irrg. J1 llrr"lg Jill 15. Should he change his rni'd, which is not very like$ I;il inform you-. 16. Should he decidethat he won't buy my flat I'll let ii. surprisedthat she should ring -L ,tp. I haven'theardfrom her for ages. 11 ] ytt t typical that he should tell ever).thingto his parents. J! ]r r strangc that he shouid be late. He is alwaysvery puncrual, l? Jr 20. It's irnportant drat everybody should take part in the-opening ceremony of the bridge. 2I I parr9 Ex.1. 2. Shedoesn'tdare to meet him. 3. We dare not say/ don't dare to saya word. 4. How daredyou speak to her like thatl 5. Will you dare to askher how old sheisl 6. He dareddo dared,todo anythi"g. Z. U, / rvill dare to breakinto drat house. Ex. 2. a) 2. darcdo 3. dare do 4. dare do 5. dare do 6. daredo b) 2. dare not do 3. dare not do 4. darenot do 5. dare nor do 6. dare not do E.r.3. a) 2. dareto do 3. daresro do 4. dare to do 5. dare ro do 6. dare to do b) 2. don't dare to do 3. doesn'tdare to do 4. don'r dareto do 5. clon't dare to do 6. don't dareto do
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rev Aruswen Ex.4. 2 . - 3 . t o 4 . t o 5 . - 6 . - 7 . t o 8 . t o 9 . - 1 0 .t o l l . - I t o 1 2 . t o 1 3 . t o L,x.5. 3. not possible4. not possible5. Shehasneverhad the courageto usethe lift. 6. Yousay.yott'reafraidtcr clrive iir the ciry centre. 7 . You don't havethe courageto betray your friends, do you | 8 . Shewas afraid to jr-rrnpout of thc window. 9. Not possible.I0. Not possible. Ex.6. l. How dare you spcakto your parentslike thatf . 2 My daughtercl:rrenot / doesn'tdare (to) stay at home '.rlone 3. I never dared (to) smackmy children. 4. Are you surethat you'll dare (to) call himf 5. Will you dare to call hirn in fiont of d'reaudienceaswellf 6. He would never dare (to) Ieaveme. 7. Dare you go hotne alone or shallI accompanyyou homef 8. He dares (to) do / dare do anything. He is never afraid of anything. 9. Do you dare (to) give date to your teacherfBut she is twenty yearsolder than you. 10. Unfortunately I didn't dare (to) / dared not proPoseto her. II. I dare not do it. It's too riskil 1.2.He doesn'tdare (to) I darenot lneet yoll. 13. I wouldn't dare (to) take the risk. 14. How daredyou walk into the departmentstore barefootl f 5. Will you dare (to) tell what you've told me now at the police toof 16. I dare sayhe is a swindler. 17.I dareyou to swim in dris lake. lB. I dare saydrat they will arrive today "You dare." 19. "Dad, can I smoke a cigarette)" 20. Don't you dare take the car without askingme.
2l I part l0 Ex.l. 2. Could you show me how to useitl 3. Could you tell me wherethe post-offrceisl 4. Could you give me a bigger one / one size largerl 5. Can you lend me some moneyf 6. Could you deliver those shoeson Fridayf Ex.2. 2. Do you tl-rinkyou could lend me yolrr car) 3. Do you think I could have breakfastin the room) 4. Do you thini
l. Jackdoesn'tunderstanddris equation.Will you explainit to him) 2. Could you tell me the way to the station / how I can get to the stationl 3. Would you be so kind as to keep an eye on my baggage) 4. May I use your phone| 5. May I put your suitcaseon the rack) 6. Would you fetch rne my glass
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AruswrRrev 7. Do you think you could help me ) 8. Would you be quietf I'd fike to watch TV 9. Do you think you could lend me your bicycle) I0. Would you do me a favour) 11. Do you think you could deliver the tracksuitis timef 12. Can I havethe bill, please) 13. Can I have a glassof still mineral waterf 14. Would you be so kind as to and bring a cup of coffee for me from the buffet) 15. Do you think you cold arrangeit for me) 16. Would you be so kind as to translatethis quotation for mel
UNIT22 Ex. 1. 3. call4. read 5. speak6. not offend 7. give 8. learn 9. not disturb Ex.2. 3. cleaned4. to switch on the heating 5. left 6. to fill 7. went Ex. 3. 2. I'd rather stay at home. 3. I'd rather stayhere.4. I'd rather havea cup of coffee.5. I'd rather walk. 6. I'd rather eat something cold. 7. I'd rather phone him later. Ex. 4. 2. eat anything 3. go to school 4. work for a few days 5. watch TV 6. eat any sweets Ex^5. 2. I'd rather go jogging than do aerobics3. I'd rather call him back later than wait for him. 4, I'd rather go by underground than take a bus. 5. I'd rather lie down than take an aspirin. Ex.6. 2. would you rather I translated them. 3. would you rather I answeredit. 4. would you rather I collected them. 5. would you rather I deposited it. 6. would you rather I made it. Ex.7. 2. do 3. see4. learnt 5. were 6. stopped 7. drink B. have9. left Ex.8. I. It's high time you got married and started a family 2. I'd rather study than work. 3. It's time you put up with the situation. 4. I'm sleepyso I'd rather go to bed. 5. Would you rather I helped you or would you rather do it alonef 6. Would you rather stay at home or would you rather go outl 7. I don't think that you do so well at school. I'd rather you learnt more in the afternoons. 8. It's time to saygood-bye. 9. I'd rather walk than go by car. 10. Would you rather he accompaniedyou or would you rather he stayedhere) 11. I'd rarheryou didn't speakabout it to anyone. 12. This memory is too painful for me. So I'd rather not talk about it. 13. I'd rather we went there together. 14. Tom would rather I stayed outside. 15. Jack would rather go to bed now than watch this boring film. 16. I'd rather you turned down the TV It's too loud. 17. It's time we spoke about the details. / It's time to talk about the details. 18. It's time you forgot about him. 19, You had bener not go there alone. 20. He'd better not get involved. 2I.I'd better concentrateon my own tasks. 22. Shehad better not call the police. 23.We had better tell him the truth. 24. Jasonhad berter leave the country{ 25. You'd better not eat that meat. It's gone off.
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UNIT 23 Ex. l. 2. If I lose my job, I won't be able to pay the rent. 3. If I get ill, I won't go to work. 4.If I go home I'll have a bath. 5. If my flight is delayed,I will haveto wait in the departure lounge. 6. If I am bored with my work, I will look for another job.7.If my friendscome round, we will watch a video. 8. If I earn sornc extra money, I will buy a new hi-fi. Ex.2. 2. the universiqqI will go to England for a Vear.3. If I go to England for a yeirr,I'll speakEnglish fluendy 4. If I speakEngtish fluintly, I will passthe entranceexam. 5. If I passthe entranceexamIwill get into the universlty 6. Ifl get into the university,I will study English literarure and linguistics. 7. If I study English literanrre and linguistics, my English will be even better. Ex.3. 2. If I won a lot of money,I would buy a houseat LakeBalaton.3. If somebodyrvasknocking at the cloor at night, I would be scared to answer the door. 4. If I damaged my friend's car, I would p:ry for the damige. 5. If my neighbourswere making too much noise,I wouldn't bother about it. 6. If a rnan was lying in the middle of the road, I would go there to seewh?rthappenedto him. 7.If my car broke down on i bury road I would call for help. 8. If l lost my ID, I would report it to the police. Ex. 4. 2. ar home, I would do my homework. 3. If I did my homework, I wouldn't have to write it in the 5. morning. 4. If I didn't havero write it in the morning, I would havetime to chat with my class-mates. If I 6. the weckend. me at to what happened tell them I would class-mates, chat with my ro If I hadlime at me. laugh would weekend, d-rey at the to me told them what happened Ex.5. 2. is 3. concenrrare4. were 5. will inform 6. pry 7. wouldn't askB. borrowed 9. saw 10. wouldn't get 11. will tell 12. were 13. buy 14. don't mind Ex. 6. 2. we left now, we would be too early 3. I put on this coat, evervbody would laugh at me. 4. we had a hamburger now, we couldn't eat dinner. 5. we went by ta-ri, it would be too expensive. 8x.7. 2. he had gone to bed earlieryesterday3. you saw a robbery 4. you wouldn't have to go to school 5. I were rich 6. I wouldn't work Ex.8. 2.If I had stayedin a hotel, it would havecost too much. 3. If the family had paid a ransorn)dreir son would havebeen released.4. If we had travelledby plane,the journey would have beenmore comfortable. 5. If shehad takenmy advice,shewouldn't havegot into trouble. 6. If the robber had escaped,rhe police would have caught him very quickly Ex.9. 2. had won / would have been 3. had known / would havephoned 4. had missed/ would havetaken5' had fastened/wouldn't have got injured 6. had known / would have cleanedT.hadsrudied / would have passed8. hadn't invited / wouldn't have had to Ex. 10. 2. If Tim hadn'r forgotten about his wedding anniversaryhis wife wouldn't have beenvery sad.3. If I had taken the book back to the library in time, I wouldn't havehad to pay a fine. 4. If Suehadn't had to write an essay,she would have gone to the cinema. 5. If I hadn't missed the bus, I wouldn't have had to $'alk home. 6. If my sister had had enough money on her, she rvouldn't have borrowed any money from her friend. 7. If you hadn't used a cheat-sheet,your teacherwouldn't have noticed it and she wouldn't have taken away your rest-paper.8. If you hadn't often beenlate for your work, your bosswouldn't havegiven you the sack. Ex. lI. 2. You won't get a promotion unlessyou work harder,3. You can take my car provided you don't drive fast.4. They will be verv proud of themselvesaslong asthey can finish the race.5. You act asif you knew everything.6. He won't give it to you even if you pay for it. Ex. 12. 2. We won'r go on a trip unlessthe weatheris good. 3. Supposingyou met an alien,what would you dol 4. I won't believeyour story evenif you bring witnesseshere.5. We won't get therein time unlesswe take
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Aruswen rry a taxi. 6. She will lend you some money provided you pay it back before the weekend.7. Supposing thev went on strike, what would happen| B. He will never tell you dre truth even if you beat him up. 9. We will phone you as long as we don't get there in time. 10. Unlesssomebodyin his family gets ill, he wor-r'tcome home. Ex. I3. 3. You could enter if vou could give dre password.Yor,rcould haveenteredif you had beenable to give dre password.4. He could kecp his medal only if he could prove that he didn't take steroids.lle could have kept his medal only if he had bcen eble to prove that he hadn't taken steroids.5. They would be ableto catchthe murderer if they could identif,, the fingerprints. Thcy would havebeenableto catchthe murderer, if d-reyhad becn able to identify the fingerprints.6. We could find a solution if we could co-operate.We could havefound a solution if we had been ableto co-oDerate. E-r.I4. 2. Should you miss the train, give me a ring. 3. Had I beenthere,I would have run away 4. Weresheto Ieaveyou, what would you dol 5. Should they find somecvidcnce,let me know Ex.15. 2. your help, they would fail the exam. But for your help, d-reywould fail dre exam. 3. If it hadn't been for Johrr,we would have been in trouble. But for John, we would have been in trouble. 4. If it weren't for the unroadwordry car, we would go to seeyou. But for dre unroadworthy car, we would go to see yor.r.5. If it hadn't beenfor dre children, they would havegot divorced.But for the children they would have got divorced. Ex. 16. 1 If you aren't at home, he r,l,illbe very disappointed. 2.If the weadreris nice at dre weekend,we'll do the gardening. 3. I won't help them even if they askme to. 4. I'll go to the party even if Dadd,vdoesn'tlet me. 5. You can take my car provided / on condition that you don't exceedthe speedlimit. 6. If Jackresigns,I won't stay here either. 7. They will miss the flight unless drey take a taxi. B. He will forget about the meeting unlessyou remind him of it. 9. You can stay here provided you remain silent. I0. Will you sell me your car if I pay rwice asmuch for it than it is worthl I L What if they arc late for the lectureI 12. I'li do y6ul homework if you make a coffeefor me. 13. I would buy this pair of shoesif drey wercn'r so expensive. 14. Would you do me a favour if I askedyou tol 15. Supposethey are here roo, what would you sayto theml 16. You behaveas if you were the bosshere. 17. Could you believeit if I said that I'm innocenr. 18. If we could get together,we could discussa few things. 19. If they were able to break the code,they could escape. 20. Could you fall asleepif you knew that somebody might enter your house at any timel 21. We could havemet if we had made an appointmentearlier. 22.If vou had been able to drive, you could havecome home. 23. If the police had been able to identift the tracesof blood, they could have caught rhe murderer very quicldv 24. If vou should meet Tom / Should you meet Tom, tell him that I wish him a speedyrecovery 25. If I should arrivef Should I arrive larcr,I'll give you a ring. 26. Should you not get here,we'll call the corps. 27. If he will co-operate widr us, l-rewill have nothing to be afraid of. 28. If you w.ould pay for the damage,I wouldn't rurn to the police. 29. If he will plead guilty the court will sentencehim for only two year imprisorunent. 30. If he had beenme, he rvould have done rhe sarnetl"ringasrne. 31. But for I If it weren't for Tom, I would go abroad. 32.If it hadn't been for / But for you, I could have died. 33. But for I If it weren't for dre unroadworthy car,we would also be on our way to Rome. 34. Btrt for I If it hadn't been for the ski instructor,I couldn't havelearnt to ski. 35. As long asyou submit the report beyond the deadline,we rvon't be able to publish it.
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UNIT24 Ex. 1. 2.lwishlcouldspeakEnglish.3.Iwishlwereattheseanow4.Iwishlhadahouse.5.Iwishitwasn't raining now 6. t *ish I had somethingto read.7.I wish I knew somebodyhere.8. I wish I was lying in the sun now 9. I wish I had enough money to buy a car. I0. I wish my family were here. Ex.2. 2. I wish I had a lot of money 3. I wish I were in Crete now. 4. I wish my husbandwas here with me. 5. I wish I were able to climb Mount Everest. Ex.3. 2. I wish my car would go faster.3. I wish they would get married.4. I wish the team would find him. 5. I wish they would stop arguing. 6. I wish he would changehis mind. 7. I wish my neighbour wouldn't use rude words in front of my children. 8. I wish Tom wouldn't come to the par\r 9.I wish my sister wouldn't keepinterrupting me. Ex.4. 2. could speak3. would go 4. had 5. wouldn't complain 6. didn't have to 7. weren't driving B. was 9. would buy 10. wouldn't change11. would help 12. had 13. wouldn't / didn't live Ex. 5. 2. I wish I hadn't given up my studies.3. I wish my husbandhad fastenedhis seatbelt. 4. I wish I hadn't gone to the casino.5. I wish I had takenthe money to the police.6. I wish I had bookeda table.7. I wish I had prepared for the exam. Ex. 6. L.82.C3.44.D5.D Ex.7. l . wish I had more time for my family 2 . wish the bosswould take a few days off 3 . wish it would stop raining. 4 . wish it would snow 5 . wish I was lying on the beach now 6. I wish I wouldn't have to work tomorrow 7. I wish the police would find the kidnappers. 8. I wish we would live closer to each other. 9. I wish you were here. I0. I wish he would drive more slowly I feel sick. Il. I wish he would give up smoking. 12. I wish Tom could ski. I3. I wish l could swim. 14. I wish they weren't afraid of my dog. 15. I wish we had met earlier. 16. I wish I had reported the caseto the police. 17. I wish I hadn't been so nice to him. He didn't deserveit. 1 8 . wish I hadn't wasted so much monelu t9. wish you had been here with me. 20. wish vou had told me the truth.
UNIT25 Ex.I. 2. arecleaned3. is included4. is made 5. waspublished6. areexpectedT. are... populatedB. wascaused 9. was allowed 10. are printed 11. are ... requested12. was written 8x.2. 2. was being redecorated3. is being cleaned4. was being searched5. are being copied 6. were being repaired Ex. 3. 2. Kodak has been bought by American shareholders.3. $50000 have been stolen from a savingsbank. 4. American tourists have been captured by terrorists. 5. Twenry people have been made redundant. 6. Hundreds of people have been killed in an earthquake. 7. A car has been stolen from a garage. 8. A famous star has been rescuedby children.
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Aruswen rev Ex. 4. 2. The house will have been built by the time you return. 3. The money will be deposited in a bank. 4. The safewill be opened with a knife. 5. The name of the street will be changed 6. The letter will have been posted by the time she gets back. 7. It will have been reported to the police by that time. Ex. 5. 2. must be / should be warned 3. have to be taken 4. can't be eaten 5. have to be transported / should be transported 6. mustn't be / can't be copied 7. can't be / mustn't be borrowed 8. can't be seen Ex. 6. 2. A doctor should have been called for. 3. The kev mav have been found in the streer. 4. This car can'r have been stolen 5. This article shouldn't have been published 6. It must have been paid for. Ex.7. 2. AIot of accidentsare causedby foggy weather:3. A lot of playswere wrimen by Shakespeare.4. He was killed with a stone. 5. He was killed by a falling stone. 6. The food was poisoned with irsenic. Ex. B. 2.The truth was told to her. She was told the truth. 3. A good job was offered ro me. I was offered a good job. 4. German will be taught to me. I will be taught German. 5. $20 have alreadybeen paid ro me. I have alreadybeen paid $20. 6. The new office has been shown to me. I have been shown thi new ofiice. Ex. 9. 2. being treated 3. being given 4. being kept 5. being called6. being askedT.beingdeceived 8. being regarded Ex. 10. 2. got hurt 3. got renovated4. got broken 5. got washed6. get informedT. getpromoted 8. got offered 9. get invited I0. get offended/ got told Ex. 11. 3. Possible.It wants washing. 4. Not possible.5. Possible.It needsredecorating.6. Possible.Ir wants cleaning.7. Not possible.8. Possible.They want watering. 9. Possible.It needscuning. Ex.12. 2. is reported to be in Hungaril The famous actor was reported to be in Hungary 3. is thought to increase.The rate of inflation was thought to increase,4. are believed to have won the elections.The Young Democrates were believed to have won the elecrions.5. is thought to be falling. The population rvasthought to be falling. 6. is believedto havegone to prison for fraud. He was believedto havegone to prison for fraud. 7. Jacksonis alleged to have committed a serious crime. jackson was allegedto have committed a seriouscrime. 8. is said to have been promoted. Sheilawas said to have been promoted. 9. The meeting is understood to be put off. The meeting was understood to be put off. I0. are said to be working. They were said to be rvorking. tI. is expectedto be introduced in May The new currency was exPectedto be introduced in May 12. James is expected to spend all his money on gambling. lames was expected to .spendall his money on gambling. Ex. 13. 2. Sharon is supposedto have a lot of money 3. Terenceis supposedto be afraid of beetles.4.Tim is supposedto have been a priest earlier.5. Sueis supposedto haveworked asa spy for the FBI. 6. Peteris supposed to be looking for a new job. 7 . Patsyis supposedto come from Australia.8. Tom is supposedto be lying in a hospital now 9. /ack is supposedto have been arrestedfor smuggling. Ex. 14. 2. is supposedto end 3. were supposedto finish 4. aren't supposedto turn 5. was supposedto stan 6. was supposedto post 7. are supposedto be playing E x .I 5 . 2. I was told to buy some bread. 3. She was told to be more careful. 4. I was told to be at the station ar 5 o'clock sharp. 5. we have been told to srayhere. 6. They were rold to be quiet. Ex. 16. 2. told 3. said 4. told 5. said 6. told 7. said 8. told 9. told 10. said Ex. 17. 3. was thought to have been guarded by soldiers. / were thought to have guarded the castle. 4. are thought to have been allowed to escapeby the wardens./ are thought to have allowed the prisoners to escaPe.5, areexpectedto be raisedby the company / is expectedto raisethe wages.6. was known to have been stolen by a criminal. / was known to have stolen the car. 7. was believed to be amended by the government / was believed to amend the bill.
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rrv Aruswrn Ex. IB. 2. was allowed 3. has been seen/ was dismissed4. Would ... be offended / told 5. is staying/ is being redecorated6. u'ould have been cancelled7.had been arrested8. have used / is being repaired9. was staying/ was being painted 10. be treated Ex. 19. One thing is that they can befownd.all over the world. Another is that they nre exponed'by the United that,the world.hasbeenconqueretlbyArnericanpopwlnrtastesand'nttitudes' States.Siit can be conclwded. of Aru.ericaninfluencewnsczntinued.by a pon'erfwl World War the spread,ing after the Second llowever ... nanforce, and this rvas television. Loti of rnoneywaspoid. to telnis'i.oncornpanies f Tilwision cornpanieswerepnid. lots of tn'oneyby wanufactwring "Lt2ere beingbroad.cast. frrns to show advertisernentsfor their products u,hlleprogravns Programs which were watched.by rrietuersall over the world tpere also telnised. by the telmis'i.oncowpnnies. "I hre Lucy" wat still beingbroad'cast It had'beenseen'bt' b1tthe w cornpanies' "'whttt she died in 1989, of people. thousand.s in the huge popularity of rock. . . ., a music ttrtatwns of Arnericanization cowld.beseeru In music theprocess I950s. played in the by banrls f.rst "fastfood.".Thed'ress ofpeoplewasAw't'ericanized' American enting ha.bitswerespread.by thegrowingpopwlnrityof changedby swpennarhets of shopping was jeans the experience continent. And and. Tshirts on every lry btue every,ryvhere. bysttch By the I9B0s city centreswerebeingd.orninated' ... They were so tall that theywerecalled.sl
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Aruswrn rrv 29. He doesn't like being askedabout his u'ork. 30. Whv did you go d-rerewirhout being invited) 31. We are fbd up with being looked down on. 32. Your roorn needscle.aning. 33. This hotne needswhitewashing. 34. He is said to be very clever. 35. He was told to ellrer the competition. 36. Peteris larown ro have becn in England. 37. Tbc new bridge $/asexpecredto be finished by Septernber. 38. We r,r'eresaid to be able to solvethe problernsof thc village. 39. Thc Young Dcmocrats wcre thought to win the clectiorrsagain. 40. You are believedto have done some rvorl<similar to this. 4I. Tom is ianownto have divorced rwicc. 42.'lhe police are saiclto be searchingfor someone. 43. The rescueteam was said to have bcen looking for tl'reboy for severaldays. 44.The tealn was believedto losc the match. 45. Your brother was said to have been acceptedto the universitlz 46. The judgeswere rhought to have beenbribed. 47. You wcre supposedto arrive ar 5 o'clock sharp. 48. The bridge was supposedto bc inauguratedromorrow:
UNIT26 L,x.1. Sentenceswhich irre similar in meaninq: 3. 5 Ex.2. 2. We have the house whitewa.shedeveryyear.3. She hasthe windows cleanedtwice a month. 4. They are having the shelvesfixed at the moment. 5. She has her hair washedeveryweek. 6. He is having the letter translatednow F r ?
2. he had it repaired.3. we had it installed.4. he had it washed.5. they had it translated. Ex.4. b) Next week she is having her flat cleaned(it's arranged)c) Last monrh she had her flat cleaned.d) She is having he_rflat cleanednow. e) She has her flat ileaned every month. f) She has alreadyhad her flat cleaned.g) She never has her flat cleaned./ She has never had-herflat cleaned.h) When i went to seeher she was having her flat cleaned.i) By dre time we arrived she had had her flat cleaned.i) She has just had her flat cleaned. Ex.5. 2. haveto haveit washed.3. haveto havemy eyestested4. haveto haveit tiehtened 5. haveto havethem cooied. -b.x.6, 2 have.your hair dyed 3, are having the gasinstalled4. Have you had it paintedf 5. haveglassesmade6. havea hearing-aidbought. 7. haven'rhad the film developedyet. Ex.7. 2. to lend 3. to tell 4. to make5. to do Ex. B. 2. "vill havedre studentspick it up 3. had my son change4. will havemy secreraryrranslate5. got him to tgll 6. had the purchasing manager order 7 . get my children to finish / have my thildren finis[ * Ex.9. 2,! had my house broken into. 3. She got her husbandkidnapped.4. He had his dog run over. _ E x .1 0 . . . . Obviously_Ihad l-radit stolen....so I had it damaged.. .. I alsogor ir stolen... so I had the meeting cancelled.... I gor a lot of rroney lost. ... I got my nosebroken Ex.1I. ? Yy husbandmade me cry 3. The studentsmadethe teacherlaugh. 4. This aspirinmademe feel bener. 5. The custolns officer made the smuggler open his case.6. T'he terrorists made the hackergive the password.7. Tl'rc bank robbersmade the clerk give them the money 8. This smell made her faint.
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AruswrR rrv Ex. 12. 2. They were made ro give them their money 3. The children were made not to tell the truth. 4. The witnesseswere made to keepquiet. 5. Shewas made to leavethe room. 6. I was made to open thc safe. Ex. 13. 2. In the end you'll have everybodytalking about you. 3. I won't have her telling me lies.4. Sooneror later shewill havethe studentseating out of her hands.5. Your fadrerwon't haveyou going home late. 6. The ski instructor will have me skiing very quicldy Ex.14. 2 . - 3 . - 4 . t o 5 . t o 6 . - 7 . - 8 . t o 9 . - 1 0 .- l L . t o Ex. 15. "Why didn't you get your brother 3. wrong. Have you had the manager sign the document?4. Right but to give fou a lift." is alsoright. 5. fught. 6. Right. 7.Wrong.I won't havemy roorunates giving Parties at night. 8. Right. 9. Wrong. Sharonwas made to let the kidnappersin the house. 10. Right. Ex.16. l. YesterdayI had the tap repairedby d-remechanicbecauseit had been dripping for weeks. 2. This medicine will make you feel better. 3. This dressmakesyou look younger. 4. I don't speakGerman but I can still make myself understood. 5. Who did you haveyour flat painted byf 6. Next week he will have his lawyer preparehis last will. 7. Wlly don't you have your English teachertranslatedris letterl 8. YesterdayI had my car washedat the petrol station. 9. We got Tom to have a few words with his bossfor our sake. 10. Why don't you get your husbandto go on a sulnmer holidayf 11. Did he get his parentsto buy a car for himf 12. The kidnappers made dre hostagessay that everything was all right. 13. The custornsofficers made him open his case. 14. What I liked about Leslie that he could alwaysmake me laugh. 15. Whenever I seethis film, it makesme cry 16. The children were made to tell lies to their parents. 17. The night watcher was made to let the robbersin. 18. He was quarrelling with dre security guards so long that he had his nose broken. 19. The day before yesterdayI had my purse stolen on the bus' 20. Last week we had our flat broken into. 2I. I won't have the paparazzisswarming outside my house, 22. My father won't have anybody entering his study 23. Don't worry We'll soon haveyou walking again. 24. Last week my brodrer had me skating. 25. If you can't hold your tongue, /ou'll havethe police questioningeverybodyagain.
UNIT27 Ex. I. 2. his wife was working then. 3. they had found a purse.4. Sheilawas working when sheentered.5. his sister had been living in Oxford at that time. 6. they were going to travel abroad. 7. lack had been unemployed for years. 8. Sandra and John had been living together for a long time. 9. they would meet outside rhe cinema. I0. he had had a flat for two years.I l. they would have been living in New York for a year by June. 12. they had left by that time. 13. her colleaguehad given a birthday parry F.x.2. 2. they might be at home. 3. he would like to come with me. 4. they could speakEnglish fluendy 5. she had never been able to climb a tree. 6. he would be very said if he didn't invite him. 7. rhey had had to agreeon a date 8. Tom had been able to escapefrom the prison. f. if he were me) he wouldn'tphone her. 10. fr.y / we could get on well with eachother. Il. they can't be friends. 12. shecouldn't play the violin. 13. that he mustn't cheat.14. that shemust visit her grandmother.15. they must know something about the plan. 16. they might have missedthe train L7. we needn't worry / didn't need to worry 18. that I didn't need to go home. 19. that he had better stay with them. 20. she should tell him the truth.
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Aruswrn xrr Ex. 3. 2. We wouldn't like to stay at a hotel. 3. I am fed up with my job. 4. Youwere very impolite. 5. Youdon't needto help me. 6. I missedyou. T.Ihave beenlooking for a job for months but I still haven'rfound one. B. I wassleepingthen. 9. Shewas cooking dinner when I arrivedhome. 10. We aregoing to get married. 11. I haveto look after the neighbour'scats.12. Youmustn't switch on this machine.13. I won't be able to solvethis problem. Ex.4. 3. Right.4. Wrong. ... the next week.5. Wrong. ... then.6. Wrong. ... rwo daysbefbre.7.Wrong. ... the previousyear.8. fught. 9. Right. 10. Wrong. ... the day before. ll. Wrong. ... that I it.12. Right. 13. Wrong. ... by that time the following month. Ex. 5. 2. a) 3. e) a. b) 5. c) 6. d) Ex.6. 2. He decidedthat he would apply for that job. 3. He insistedthat he would pay the bill. 4. He boasted that he hadn't had gradesworse than five the previous year.5. He objected that he wouldn't do it alone. 6. Shecomplainedthat shehad had to do overtime for a monrh. 7. He confirmed that /ack had resigned. 8. He predicted that dre prices of shareswitl fall in the first term. 9. He added that they couldn'r qpend more on new machinery 10. He denied that he had beenthere at the time of dte murder. Ex.7. 2. a) wherehe is from b) wherehe wasfrom 3. a) how long my teacherhasbeenteachingEnglish.b) how long my teacherhad been teaching English 4. a) who I met last night b) who I had met the pievious night 5. a) what he was doing when I enteredthe room b) what he was doing when I enreredthe room. 6. a) wlro saw him there b) who had seenhim there 7. a) how often I met Sashawhen I was in Moscow b) how often I had met Sashawhen I was/ I had beenin Moscow 8. a) who I cameherewith b) who I had gone there with Ex.B. 2. a) if he has ever worked as a managerb) if he had ever worked as a manager 3 a) if I was sitting in a bar at drat time b) if I had been sining in a bar at that time 4. a) if I had ro go to rhe office yesterday b) if I had had to go to the office the day before 5. a) if he wants to give up his job b) if he wanted to give up his job 6. a) if I have beenwaiting long b) if I had beenwaiting long 7. a) if he would like to go on holiday b) if he would like to go on holiday Ex. 9. 2. if he is happy to seeher again 3. if she has come back 4. how often they check the alarm 5. if his Parentsare working now 6. if they will get divorced 7. where the tickets are 8. who she is going to the cinema widr f . if they left for London 8x.10. 3. they havebeenhere 4. they had neededto borrow money 5. the children are playing now 6. he would marry me 7. they are going to move into that flat. Ex. II. 2. lle warned her not to buy that car.3. My teacheraskedme to closethe window 4. The salesrepresentative requestedus to supply them with samples.5. Their sergeantcommandedthem to usethe grenldes.6.My colleague recommended me to take a few days off. 7. She reminded him not ro forg.t to phone his mother. 8. Her boyfriend urged her to walk faster.9. Their father ordered them to stop liughing. f O.Sne beggedthem to give her soiething to eat. ll. His wife encouragedhim to apply foi that"jobl Ex. 12. 2. going to the cinema 3. that she shouldn't eat that spicy dish 4. whether to pur offthe meering or not / whether sheshould put offthe meeting or not. 5. I would empry the dustbin / I would 6. if I would marry her lI wouldn't 7. if I was h^ppy lI wasn't 8.dancing9. not giving it to her 10. putting an advemisement in the newspaperIl. going to the beach 12. taking the dog for a walk 13. whether to phone the police or keep it quiet / he should phone the police or keep it quiet 14. not bothering abour the details Ex. 13. 2. He wished us a nice weekend3. Shesaid what a lovely dog it was. 4. She complainedhow boring he was. 5. He congranrlatedher on her wedding. 6. She calledher son an incurableliar. Ex. 14. 2. Bob said that when he was / had beena child he had gone to church everySunday 3. Emma saidthat her litde daughter had started to speaka few weeks before. 4. Tina said that som" y""rc before she couldn't
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AnswrRrrv irnagine that her sistcr rvould also have children. 5. Shcila'sbrodrer said that if she got a bank lo'an,shc wouldn't be ableto pay it back.6. Shecomplainedthat her neighbourswere alwaysquarrellingin the middle of the night. 7. Sheadvisedhim not to spendall his rnoneyon her.8. Shesaidthat they wouldn't needto lcnd d-reircar to him becausehe had alreadyhad his car repaired.9. Shc said she hadn't wanted to go to |ack's party the day before becauseher husband was / had been drere too. 10. He said that they would have reachedthe coa^stof America by that time the following month / the next month. 11. She said that her children hadn't dared to behavebadly becausethey had seenthat shewas/ had bcen in a bad mood. 12. She said drat I must apologiseto her for my rude bel-raviourotherwiseshe would be very disappointed.13. He claimedthat Ted can't have beenat home at drat time sincehe had left dre ofiice at 5.30. 14. He saiddrat his parentswished they had more money 15. He said I had better stay away fi'om work for a couple of davsif I didn't w'antto get ill again. 16. He offeredto show my brother how drat machineworked. / He askedif he sl-rouldshow my brother how that machineworked. 17. He suggestednot postporling the meeting. 18. He suggested/ recommendedtravelling to the seain summer. 19. My mother said shc would radrer I didn't w'astemy time reading that silly magazine.20. She said whcn she entered dre room the children were climbing out through the rvindow Ex. 15. T . C 2 .B 3 . A 4 . B 5 . D Ex. 16. l. Your colleag;r-res said that you were in thc office. 2.The researchers said that we would be satisfiedwidr the result.s. 3. Jacksaid that when I was phoning him he was having a bath. 4.My neighbour said that he had seennobody enter my house. 5. We thought that before you left you would give us a ring. 6. You thought that I would forgive you. 7. Petersaid that his sister was preparing for her examsthen. B. We thought that you had already arranged every,.thing. 9. I drought that Jack had been living in America for years. 10. Mrs Black said that Thornashad beenexpelledfrom schoolthat day ll. We wouldn't have thought d-ratyou were ablc to carrv out the project. 12. They said that he had beenin Holland then, but he hadn't. 13. They said that you were having talks with drem at five o'clock. 14. They said they were going to find new partners. I5. They claimed that the book had alreadybeen publishedin English too. 16. The board decidedto cancelthe contract widr that firm. I that they would cancel... in 17. The author of the article said that thirty yearsearlierhe met the discovererof the Seizo-treasures too. Person, 18. We thought that you could persuadePaul not to go to the sceneof dre rnurder. 19. The witnesssaid that he must haveseenthe robber escape. 20. The teachersaid that the essaywould have to be handed in the following week. 21. You said that you didn't need help. 22. My husbandtold me that he could neverhavelied to me. 23. His teacherstold hirn that he could passthe exam if he learnt harder. 24. Why did you tell him that if we had known that he was at home, we would have invited him to dre
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25. My bosssaid that it was a messybusinessand he alsoaddedthat I had better not get involved. 26. He said that when he was / had beenyoung he hadn't smoked. 27. My wife said that two daysearliershehadn't wanted to go out becauseit was / had beenlate. 28. ]ack said that since he had alreadybeen to New York the previoussummet the following year he would like to go to L.A. 29.He said drat l-rehad met his new bossin drat bar the oreviousweek. 30. He said that everything would corne to light that drry 31. He said that film should be recorded. 32. It was reemphasized/ underlined drat the managerialrneeting had been put off. 33. He admitted drat he had had someoneelsewrite his dresis. 34. They predicted drat the catastrophewould t'akeplace. 35. He boastedthat he hadn't got any gradesworse than four in that term.
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rgv ArusweR 36. He insistedthat he pay the bill. 37.He denied that he had gone to seehis parentsthe previousmonth' 38. We askedthe children why they had said that everything was / had been O.K. at school. 39. We wanted to know how long he had beenlearningEnglish. 40. They wondered who we had invited to our wedding. 4I. They askedwhat my job was. 42.They wanted to know what he was worldng on then. 43. We r.vonderedwhat he was doing in the offtce when we entered. 44.We had no idea why she wanted to divorceTom. 45. He askedme if I would like to learn to ski. 46. He rvantedto know if he had any chanceof getting into thc flnal. 47 . He askedif we had been waitir-rgfor hirn long. 48. I had no idea how shehad got there. 49. She wanted to know if she could come to the theatrewith us. 50. We askedif he liked books on history 51. He wanted ro lanowif we wouJd do our best for his sakeatthe trial in two days'time. 52.They askedif they would have to clean the flat before they left and I said of course they would. 53. They askedif they could borrow the car in two days'time. 54. They askedif tl-reymight smoke there. / srnoking was allor,r'ed 55. Tom askedif I wanted to go to the cinemawith him that night. 56. He askedwho had used the copy machinewo daysbefore. 57. They wanted to knorv whether I would do that favour for them if drey askedme. 58. We advisedthem to get in touch widr dre insuranceagent. 59. He commandedthe soldiersnot to shoot. 60. We suggestedgoing on holiday that summer. 61. He suggestedd-ratI shoulclturn to a specialistas sooll as possible. 62. He hesitatedwhedler to stay at home or come with us. 63. He couldn't decidewhether to apply for that job or do what he had beendoing uP to then. 64. He askedme if I would marry l-rimbut I said that I wouldn't.
U N I T2 8 Ex. I. 2. to rvork harder 3. to buv a car4. to lend him her car 5. to go to Spain for a holiday 6. to post the lener 7 . not to drive fast B. to sray at )ack's Guesthouse9. to smoke there 10. to seethe doctor I l. to give him tlrc money L2. to drive 13. not to tell anyone 14. not to go there 15. to beat him up if he tells anyone F'x.2. 2. promised 3. failed 4. rnanaged5. forgot 6. deserved7. dared8. advised9. hoped 10. arranged Ex. 3. 3. I'd like you ro lend me your bicycle. 4. I want you to work harder.5. Kathy would like you to help her. 6. I would like you ro rurn the radio down. 7. I would like you to stop talking. 8. I want you to give me someadvice.9. I would like you to meet me at dre station. I0. I want you to stav at home. Ex.4. 2. rvould yor.rlike me ro cook something 3. would you like me to lend you mine 4. would you like me to speakto hirn 5. would you like me to l'relpyou 6. would you like me to show you 7. would you like me to stay herewith you Er. 5. 3. Jackseemsto be preparingfor something4. Yourson appearsto bc bored with school.5. His daughtcr clirims to have pasJedthe exam. 6. Bill tends to be absent-minded.7. Sarahseemsto be looking for somedring. 8. She appearsto have lost her glasses. Er.6. 2. Sheis bclievedto bc working for the CIA. 3. Joeis known to havelost his job. 4. They aresaidto travel abroad.5. Her flat is thought to have beensold. 6. A new bridge is known to be built. 7. More workers arecxpeced to be employed.8. Her flat is thought to havebeenbroken into. 9. They are believedto be doing new experiments.
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Aruswrn rrv F;x.7. 3. She isn'r clever enough to understandit. 4. She is too short to reach the top shelf. 5. )essicais not strong enough to lift it. 6. Kathy is too lazy to do her homework for Mondair 7. Kathy is not hardworking enough to learn the topics for the exam. 8. jeremy is too shy to speakin public. 9. I'm too tired to finish this report today 10. I'm not fit enough to climb the stairs. Ex. 8. 2. secondto leavethe room. 3. happy to seehim. 4. easyto understandhim 5. difficult to understand him 6. It will be diffrcult to solve dris problem 7. pleasedto meet you. Ex. 9. 2. how ro ger 3. where to stay4. how to use5. what to say6. what to do 7. how to persuade8. whereto look for them 9. how to tell her 10. whether to accept Ex. I0. 2. I didn't dare to 3. Did you need to 4. won't dare to 5. dare 6. needn't / don't need to 7. dared to B. dare 9. Don't dare to Ex.lI. 2. cry 3. give 4. go 5. look 6. do 7. speak8. feel9. drive 10. watch ll. laugh Ex.12. 2. smoking 3. to smoke4. spending5. open 6. to show 7. to study 8. drive 9. to apply for I0. to stay I l. to go12. tell 13. to take 14. to do 15. take Ex. 13. 2. It will take him eighty days to travel around the world. 3. It took him two weeks to get to the toP. 4. It will take them about five yearsto find the remedy 5. It takeshim about twenty minutes to get to school on foot. 6. It takes about half an hour to get to the centre by bus. 7. It takes about two hours to get to Budapestfrom Veszprdm. Ex. 14. l. We agreed to compensatehim for his losses. 2.He aimed to reach the target by the end of the year but he didn't manageto realizeit. 3. F{e seemsto be satisfiedwith the result. 4. He didn't seemto be very h^ppy 5. They seem to have done their best for the sakeof success. 6. They don't seem to have coped with the task. 7. We arrangedto meet him at the station at seven. 8. They tried / attempted to draw his attention to / to warn him about the dangersof the expedition but l-redidn't seem to bother much about it. 9. When I was a child. we couldn't afford to travel abroad. 10. They decided to approve the proposal of the committee. Il. This characteristicof his enabled him to persuadeanybody about anything. 12. He didn't manage to mislead the authorities. 13. They offered to help to take the first steps. 14. What he said proved to be true. 15. The king ordered his servantsto find his daughter. 16. We promised Mum to write her a postcard as soon as we got there. 17. I would like you to take part in the competition as well. 18. Did you tell her to mind her own businessf 19. The doctor advisedhis allergic patients not to leavethe flat for a couple of days. 20. I adviseyou to consideryour decision. 2I. To make promises is easybut to keep them is difficult. / It's easy to make promises but it's difficult to keepthem. 22. It's impossibleto persuadehim becausehe is so stubborn. 23. It's dangerous to talk about things like thesein public. 24.Itwas very considerateof you to take flowers to your teacher. 25.We would be delighted to take part in the conference. 26.kwas stupid of you to go there without being invited. 27. Arnong communist countries Hungary was the first to make progresstowards liberalisation. 28. Terencewas the next to resign. 29.I'll be the last to leavethe room.
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AruswrR rrv 30. You are too gifted to stay at this small firm. 31. He is too young to understandit. 32. He is not brave / courageousenough to undertake this task. 33. I don't know how to saygood-bye to him. 34. I don't know where to start it. 35. He can't decidewhether to leaveor stay 36. Did you explain to him how to get to the centref 37. Do you know what to dof 38. Have you learnt what to sayin such a situation) 39. How long does it take you to get to your place of work) 40. It took me an hour and a half to get to school. 41. It will take you a lot of time to accomplish this project. 42.They expectme to be there at the reception./ I'm expectedto be there at the reception. 43. Would he also like me to be there| 44. I want you to stay here with me. 45. I don't expectyou to help me. 46. Would you like us to resign too) 47. I would prefer to stay at home now / I would rather stay ar home now. 48. He doesn'tknow what to do. 49. He is said to have moved. 50. You are said to have got divorced. 5I. He was told not to go anyrvl-rere. 52. I was told to wait for them. 53. How dare you speakto your mother like thatl 54. I daren't go there alone. / Full infinitive: I'm afraid I don't dare to go there alone. 55. You needn't go there alone. / Full infinitive: You don't need to go there alone, 56. I won't let anvbody harassvou. 57. My mother doestr'tlet me go with you. 58. I wouldn't let her behavelike this. 59. He will make me tell lies. 60. He made me laugh. 61. This smell made me feel sick.
UNIT 29 Ex. 1. 2. travelling 3. buying 4. losing 5. riding 6. translatingT. reading8. smoki.ng9. waiting I0. going Ex.2. 2. remember3. escape4. resents5. involve 6. put off7. mind 8. dread9. meansI0. admit ll. recommend Ex. 3. 2. stealingmy watch 3. teliing lies again 4. taking a few daysoff5. using the phone 6. watching the match 7. taking sugar8. waiting 9. meeting I0. eatingsweetsIl. taking the dog for a walk 12. losingeverything Ex. 4. 2. being wrong 3. being over forty 4. closing the door 5. leaving 6. not speakingso loud Ex. 5. I like working in the garden, travelling, learning languages,translating sentences,listening to the news, practising grammar, speaking, cooking, going to the cinema. I dislike cleaning the windows, hoovering the carpets. I hate sweeping dre floor. I don't mind watching soap operas, driving, working, watching TV Ex.6. 2. I can't stand working at night. 3. I can't help crying. 4. I can't help / stop laughing. 5. I can't bear watching violenceon TV 6. She can't stop askingstupid questions. Ex.7. 2. doing crosswords3. cooking ... washing-up4. going on holiday 5. getting manied 6. watchingTV at home they went to the cinema 7. feeling ill Sue went to school 8. watching nature films 9. climbing in through the window I0. taking on more employees
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ANswrnrsY Ex. B. 2. stealingthe kevs 3. taking a taxi 4. visiting his family 5. moving abroad 6. by using a magnifving glass7. putting some photos in Ex.9. 2. going3. having4. seeing5. having 6. r"rsing7. going 8. taking 9. hearing 10. srvinrminglJ.. doing 12. doing 13. asking Ex.10. 2. wasn't usedto sleeping/ got usedto / is usedto 3. wasn't uscd to getting up / get usedto / is usedtc-r 4. rvasn'tused to running / got used to / got usedto ntnning Ex.11. 2.I'm usedto eating 3. am not usedto getting up early4. usedto going to bed late 5. I'm usedto working Ex. 12. 2. will be ableto get u^sedto 3. haven't beenableto get usedto 4. was able to get usedto 5. Have ),ou been ableto ger usedto 6. I ',r'illbe ableto get usedto 7.I've had to get usedto B. I'll haveto get usedto Ex. 13. 2. gening up 3. go 4. living 5. smoke 6. swirn 7.living 8. living 9. going Ex.14. 2. eating 3. seeing4. buying 5. attending it 6. buying 7. rrving it 8. going there Ex.15. 2. reading 3. It isn't worth telling them. 4. It's worth tasting 5. They aren't worth keeping 6. Her proposalis worth thinking about. 7. It's worth taking a ta-ri. Ex. 16. 2. There is no point in askinganybody if you know everything.3. There is no point in taking a taxi if it is very close.4. There is no point in drinking it if you don't like it. 5. There is no point in stayingin a hotel if we don't have to. 6. There is no point in going home if nobody is waiting for you. Ex.17. 2. It's no use watching 3. It's no good telling 4. It's no use repairing it 5. It's no good trying 6. It's no good learningit. T.It's no use worrying 8. It's no good shouting Ex. 18. 2. difficulry translating3. difliculty coping with this problem 4. I havedifficulry understandinghim. 5. I had difficulry finding a flat. 6. have difficulty doing this jobl Ex. 19. 2. buying 3. doing 4. learning 5. doing 6. working 7. preparing Ex. 20. 2. go skiing 3. went riding 4. go fishing 5. going sl-ropping6. go jogging E x .2 I . 2. applying 3. travelling 4. goit'tg 5. buying 6. solving 7. hearing 8. having Ex.22. 2. on having 3. from making 4. againstbuying 5. for being6. of telling 7. to ... for deceiving8. on paying 9. to going I 0. in finding I I. of moving 12. of . . . wearing Ex.23. 2. congratulated3. are looking forward 4. thanked5. warned 6. feel 7. dreamt/ thought 8. approve Ex.24. 2. of her drinking spirits 3. me on my passingdre driving test 4. to me for not writir-rgto me earlier5. againstsitting on the bench 6. from escaping7. hirn for taking her home. Ex.25. 2. talking 3. having taken 4. saying 5. going 6. phoning 7. having told 8x.26. 2. Shewas grateful for being promoted. 3. Shecan't get usedto being exploited.4. I dislike being asked about rny husband.5. Tim will thank them for being rescuedfrom the river.6. Mary wasunhappyabor.rt being left alonein the dark. 7. After being dismissedI decidednot to help him. 8. Shewent therervithout being invited. Ex.27. in the Middle East. l. Although nobody was listening to him, he went on speakingabout his experiences 2. He said good-bye to them without looking up from his newspaper. 3. What about / How about going for a walkl
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ArusweR rEv 4. M)'wifc is fbnd of eating. 5. He is looking forrvard to seeinghis friends. 6. The children are looking fbrward to going on holiday 7. lnsteadof-focusingon dre poirlt, he beganto speakabout unimportant things. B. In spite of / Despite his being a strict teacher,the children love him. 9. I know a lot about John's private life in spite of / despite not talking to him for a long time. 10. Charlie can solvedre task or-rlyby askins for help. 11. After p<-rstponing/ putting off the meeting he booked a ticket for the flight to Menco. 12. Bcfore sayinggood-byc hc gavea litde presentto evervone. 13. It's no use u'asting our time on it. 14. It's worth buying this site. It would be a good investment. 15. It's no good watching this performance.It's said to be rubbish. 16. There is no point in arguing about it. 17. It's llo use askinghim. He won't know anything either. 18. \Ve havewonderful weather.Don't you fcel like going on a trip in the forestl 19. WheneverI seehim I can't help laughing. 20. She can't ever help crying when she can seestarvingchildren on TV 2l . I can't stand being ignored. 22. Forttnately he is used to doing overtime. 23. He hasn'tgot used to being regardedas a boss. 24.I'm not usedto being treatedlike that. 25. He prefersliving alone to sharing his flat with someone. 26. She has difficulty making herself understood. 27 . I have difficulty meeting new people. 28. It's a waste of time dealing with this matter. 29. It would be a waste of money buying this car. It's fifteen yearsold and consumesten litres of petrol oer I00 kilometrcs. 30. While I was on a maternity leave,I spent a lot of time reading. 3I. If I'm on holiday I waste a lot of time doing nothing. 32. I think swimming is healthier than ruming so I go swimming rwice a week. 33. Did the board succeedin rnaking a decisionconcerningthe pay-risef 34. The headmasterinsists on the school entering the competition. 35. We insist on seeingthe hostagesbefore paying the ransom. 36. I'm drinking about buying a yacht for my wife's birthday 37 . Yov parents won't approve of you I your going on holiday with Tom. 38. Jackis dreaming about being promoted. 39. The board of directorswon)t approveof the plant in Brighton being closed. 40. I think the staff rvill decideagainststarting the academicyear in August. 41. Tirn congranrlatedme on getting the scholarship. 42. Who accusedTom of breakinginto the databasel 43. I suspectPeterof coming into my office rvidrout my permission. 44. You can't stop me from telling the trudr at the court. 45. We were unable to prevent him from prosecutingyou. 46. YesterdalIohn thanked Clara for lending him nvenry thousand dollars. 47. He will never forgive you for being unfaithful to him. 48. I rvamedJulia againstmarrying drat swindler. 49. Michacl won't apologiseto vou for not inviting you to his wedding ceremony 50. The burglar admitted having stolen the Browns'Ferrari on l2d' October. 51. I rvould appreciatenot having to take part in dris enterprise. 52. Shewill do her bestto avoid meeting you. 53. I'll considerbuying drat car. 54. They deniedfalsiffing / having falsifiedthe data. 55. When iessiewas a litde girl she dreadedhaving to seethe dentist. 56. Forrunatelymy grandfatherescapedbeing imprisoned. 57. I don't feellikc skating. 58. I tliink I'll give up smokir-rg.
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AruswrRrrv 59. I can't leave my daughter and son at home. They keep on quarrelling. 60. He didn't even mention getting the job. 61. The organiserswill put offopening the exhibition. 62. He can't risk his wife being ridiculed. 63. I can't imagine him being dismissed. 64. I don't like my children being askedabout the family 65. I suggesttaking a few days off. 66. Your father and me disapprove of you sharing the flat with criminals. 67.If yo:ukeep smiling, your colleagueswill love you. 68. I missed meeting the Prime Minister in person when he was visiting our factory 69. I couldn't resist buying this beautiful evening dress. 70. He confessedbeine bribed for some confidential information.
UNIT30 Ex. I. 2. to interrupt / to ask 3. complaining 4. to fill 5. barking 6. to hurt 7. to make B. to go 9. to give J,0. promising to do II. earning 12. to switch 13. meeting 14. to see 15. seeing 16. crying 17. working I working 18. to work 19. to rain / raining 20. doing I trying F,x.2. 2.I regretgiving up my studies.3. I didn't mean to spoil the evening.4. I dreadgoing to the dentist.5. I remembermeeting a famous actor.6. I need to work hard. 7.I tried smoking but I gaveit up. B. I'm considering moving to the country 9. I feel like dancing. 10. I often imagine having a flat of my own. I I. I can't standqueuing.12.I wouldn't like to spoil my children. Ex.3. 2. Sarahcan't rememberhaving a car accident.3. Shecan rememberplaying truant from school.4. She can rememberspendinga year abroad at the ageof ll. 5. She can remembergoing to university 6. She can't remember getting a degreein computer programming. 7. She can't remember rescuingher friend from a house on fire. 8. She can't remember getting married at the age of 23. 8x.4. 2. to say3. having to 4. investing5. to phone 6. to do 7. to inform 8. saying9. not talking 10. to tell 11. not snrdying 12. speaking13. to say 14. doing 15. to take 16. to giveIT. switching 18. travelling 19. to do 20. to write / to post 2I. being 22. readtng23.ro ralk24. to be 25. living26. to give 27. to close28. seeing29. to collect30. ler-rding/lending31. snowing32. argdng33. to argue34. to buy 35. complaining 36. disturbing 37. to disturb 38. to trouble 39. not going 40. going / to think 41. to think 42. going tx. ). 2. moving it to the other side of the room 3. putting on the blue one 4. drinking herbaltea 5. wearing contact lenses Ex.6. 2. to push 3. to move 4. moving 5. to put 6. puning on 7. travelling 8. to catch 8x.7. 3. not possible4. The windscreenwipersneedrepairing.5. not possible6. my grandparentsneedlooking after.7. not possible8. The fenceneedspainting. 9. not possible10. The garageneedscleaning. Ex. 8. The right answersare: 2. cleaning3. to catch 4. caringfor 5. washing6. to speakto you. Ex. 9. 2. It needsironing. 3. It needscutting. 4. It needspulling out. 5. It needswatering. Ex. I0. 2. someonesmoking 3. a dog barking 4. a man shouting 5. a man phoning 6. a phone ringing 7. two women waiting. 8. a woman typing 9. someoneplaying the guitar Ex. II. 2. come in 3. fall4. knock at the door 5. slam 6. sun rise Ex. L2. 2. singing lflying 3. go down 4. cryrng 5. cooking 6. ringing T.lying 8. burn down 9. arrive 10. announceIl. to climb / to go into
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Attswtnrrv Ex. 13. I. I tried to console her but she couldn't stop crying. -they 2. stopped in the middle of the road ro exchangea few words. 3. Stop teasingher! Can't you seehow nervy he isf 4. On our way home we stopped to have a coffee. 5. Jessiedidn't mean ro hurt you. Shejust wanted to tell you the truth. 6. If you want to go overseasfor your holiday in summer,it meanshaving to work day and night. 7 . Before leaving / you leave, speak to Jason. Of course it doesn't mean having to ask him for permissionto leave. 8. i wanted to inform our boss about the details in time but I didn't manage to reachhim. 9. He can't remember ever travelling to the United States. I0. He remembered / didn't forget to sign the necessarydocuments. lI. Now I remember meeting you earlier. 12. My grandmother can still rememberpoor childrengoing to schoolon barefeet. 13. Remember / Don't forget to phone the depury director before going home . 14. Due to her accidentshe forgot marrying me. 15. She doesn'trememberswitching offthe TV 16. We forgot to remind our father of their wedding anniversary 17.I regretto inform you that we can'r offer this job to you. 18. He regretted being so rude to his wife. 19. We regret / are sorry to tell you that your exam was unsuccessfirl. 20. I regretnot applying for this good job. 21. I dread being alone in the flat late at night. 22. Shedreadsto think what she will do if she has to spend a night alone. 23. My children dread having ro seethe doctor. 24. I'm sorry for getting home so late last night but I had a lor of things to do in the office. 25.I'm sorry to disturb you but may I speakto you nowl 26. Now that his wife had died he regretted not spending more time with her. 27. I was sorry to hear what happened ro vour son. 28. I tried to find the way to the station but as I was a stranger in the rown, I couldn't. 29. I tried to ask a passer-bybut unfortunately it turned out that he is just a rourisr, roo. 30. Julia tried to take offthe book from the top shelf,but asshewas too short, shedidn't reachit. 31. "I'm unable to reach our salesrepresentative.""Flave you tried calling him on his mobilef" 32. However hard I try to understandmy daughterI can'r. 33. Shetried to keepher eyesopen, but shewas too tired. 34. The Prime Minister spoke about domestic policy first then he went on to speakabout foreign policy 35. After a short break the lecturer went on presenting the technology of cloning. 36. When I got home, my son was writing his essayWe exchangeda few words and then he wenr on writing the essay 37.In the beginning he srudied only the whales then he went on to study the sharkstoo. 38. You don't need to come with me, I can find my way there. 39. This man needslooking after. 40. Your flat needscleaning. 41. The oil in the car needschanging. 42.The dustbin is full. It needsemptying. 43. Are you interestedin divingl 44. I was interested to hear what happened at your firm. 45. I was interestedto read the latest Stock Exchangenews. 46. When we looked out of the window, we saw a burglar climbing over the fence. 47. It's interesting that granny didn't hear anybody going in. 48. Can you smell something burning| 49. The witnessessaw a black car run over the old lady and drive away 50. We have never heard you playing the piano. 51. And we haven'tseenyou dancing. 52. On entering the flat I could smell my husband cooking something. 53. I should finish working becauseI'm srarting to feel tired. 54. When did your daughter srarr / begin learning to learn languages) 55. I intendedcalling / to call her but then I changedmy mind
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ANswrRrev
UNIT31 Ex. I. 2. The bus going to London had a puncture. 3. Thc comp:rny closing down next month hi'rsbccn bought by Americans. 4. Jack will speakto the delegationarriving next week. 5. There are ir lot of hotels in this town offering cheap accommodation.6. The students taking part in this cornpctitior-r could learn a lot of interestingthings. 7. I know dre man standing by d'rewindow 8. Do you mcan thc man wearing a black hat? 9. Can you seethe girl reading a magazine) 10. Have yor"rheard about tl'rc actor coming to Veszprdmsoon. Ex.2. 2. Do you like the books publishedby the Universiw Pressf3. Do you know thc woman kiclnappcdby some terroristsl 4. The murderer arrestedby the police last week turned out to be Bill's cousin.5. \Ve found the money stolen from the bank in a black sack.6. Did vou enjoy the programme broadcastbv CNN ) 7 . Have you read dre letter written by our teacher)B. Did you enjov thc parw organiscdby ttrc schoolf 9. We receivedthe offer made by our businesspartner.10. We saw drc man accusedof robberv Ex.3. 2. We have agreedon the decisionsto be made. 3. The questionto be discussedis far too importi'Lnt.4. The problem to be solved is very complex. 5. The money to be borrowed from dre bank rvill solve our problem. 6. The product to be advertisedin the papersis very competitive. 7. The campaigr-r to bc launchednext year costsa lot of money 8.The applicationto be worked out must be very clear.9. The book to be publishedin june will be very popular. 10. The houseto be let will be renovatcd. 8x.4. 2. Listening to the radio I was correcting test-papers.3. Waiting for him we were watching the traffic. 4. Walking in the foreststhe studentswere singing. 5. WatchingTV I was eating. 6. Climbing the rock they were talldng. 7. Driving to Manchestcr we were listening to music. B. Walking in the rau-rhc was silrging loudly 9. Lyng on the bed she was doing a crosswordspuzzle. 10. Reading the book she was crving. Ex.5. Underlined sentencesare: 2, 1'3.A,C 4. A, C 5. B, C Ex. 6. 2. l fell,aslecpreading a book. 3. The woman fell down running downstairs.4. I fcll off climbing the tree. 5. Kate had an accidentriding a bicycle.6. They heard a strangenoise coming down in d-relift. Ex.7. 2. Havingwatered the flowers, I hoovered the carpets.3. Having phoned Jack,Tom left home. 4. Hirving bought the newspaper,she went to the bus stop. 5. Having run olrt of petrol, they filled up the tank. Ex. 8. 3. Having turned the key in the lock, Tom enteredthe house.4. Having put on our anoraks)we went outsideto build a snowman.5. X 6. Sitting in the restaurant,Isaw him with a blond girl. 7.X8.X9. Having left home, they caught a taxi. 10. Having postedthe letter,I gaveher a ring. LI. Not knowing his phone number, I couldn't call him up. 12. Not leaving in time, we missedthe bus. 13. X 14. Having examinedme dre doctor prescribedme somc medicine. 14. Not having a car)we find it difflcult to get around. 8x.9. 3. While watching the film in the cinema we were eating pop-corn. 4. On entering the houseI saw a burglar in my living-room. 5. X 6. On arriving home we found a box on the doormat. 7. When talking in the street we saw a strange light in the skiz 8. X 9. )ack bought a bunch of flowers at the nearbl' florist's beforevisiting his wife in the hospital.10. While embroideringSuewas listeningto Beethoven's Ftir Elise. Ex. 10. 3. Having been arrested,he didn't want to meet his girlfriend. 4. Having been / Ileing threatenedshe didn't dareto speakabout dre murder to anyone.5. Hzrvingbeen/ Being warned againstgoing to drc sca alone,the childrengot evenrnore curious.6. Having beenaskedto make a report on the llulls, I travelled to Chicago.7. Having beenmade to do dre job, we didn't want to do it. B. Being followed by a big black car, they were trying to drive faster.9. Having been shown around the factory drey seemedto be rirther satisfied.10. Having been promoted, my husbandgot more salary
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rrv Aruswen L , x .1 1 . 2.The emperor was lying on the bed surrounded by slaveswith palm leaves.3. He took part in a comperirion sponsoredby a big multinational company 4. Encouragedby his teachersTim sent his application.5. Ann got the promotion supportedby the rnajority of dre comPany Ex. 12. 4. a) exhaustingb) exhausted5. a) depressingb) 2. a) borine b) bored 3. a) ernbarrassingb) embarrassed dcpressecl Ex. 13. Thc right answersare: 4. amused5. disappointed6. frightened7. terri$'ing B. surprised9. shocking 2. ii'rteresting 3. embarrassing 10. astonishedIl. bored / interesting 12. amusing/ amusec. Ex. 14. r . D 2 . D 3 .C 4 . D 5 .C 6 . B 7 . B Ex.15. l. More than half dre women working at the comPany have a familil 2. The m'an standing by dre window is constandy staring at us. 3. The woman sitting next to you is the boss'swife. 4. The girl wearing a rcd hat was my classmateat the grammar school. 5. The oflce block being built in the ciry centrewill be fhe new headquartersof d-recomParl)z 6. It's no use buying a car consuming too much petrol. 7 .'the assernblylines producing too many faulty productsrvill be replacecl. 8. The colleaguesteaching here are u,ell-qualified. 9. The shopping centre to be opened tomorrow was being built for three years. I0. The majority of those taking part in the competition camefrom abroad' 11. The studentsconcentratingon their task will passthe exam. 12. The report being preparednow will accountfor everythingin detail. 13. The recorded conversation will dtrow light on everydring. will be raisedby fifteen Per cent. 14. According ro dre bill amendedyesterdayteachers'salaries 15. More than l-ralfof drose killed in the fights were under age. 16. The play showed last week was a tremendoussuccess. 17. The money raised for dre flood victirns will be spent on food. 18. The relativeswill have to identify those killed in the terror attack. 19. The letter receivedyesterdayinforms us about everything. 20. Jameshas already spent the money withdrawn from the bank yesterday 21. The money spent on the renovationhad beencreditedby the National SavingsBank. 22.The treasuresof art lost during World War II were found. 23. More than sixry per cent of the productsmanufacfuredin our plant are exportedto dre West. 24.The materialspurchasedin the East are cheaper. 25. Tl-rebooks published by our company are availableall over dre country 26. Nl the readingslisted here are compulsory 27. He was taking a nap lying in the sun. 28. I{c rvaswatching the film biting his nails. 29. On entering dre room he could hear strangenoise. 30. He fourd the solution reading an adventurestory 31. While travelling he was listening to his walk-man. 32. While running he was reciting poems. 33. Walking in thc park he found a golden necklace. 34. While waiting for his friend he was window-shoPPing. 35. While learning I alwayslisten to music. 36. On arriving / After arriving home l-reswitched on the TV and watched his favourite series. 37. Having read our / Reading out the namesof the participants he handed out the test-PaPers. 38. Having finished / Iinishing the test-paperhe stood up and left the room. 39. Having found the key to the problern they called the patent office. 40. Being arrestedhe can't find out the truth. 41. Being / Having been told lies I couldn't do anything. 42. Having been threatenedhe didn't dare to call the police.
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Aruswrn rrv 43. Having been assaultedhe didn't tell anyonewhat hadthappened. 44. Having been blackmailed he was obliged to betray some confidential information. 45. Having been given an excellenteducation, he alwaysbehavedlike a gendeman 46. He arrived at the court accompaniedby policemen,' 47. He spent his holiday surrounded by wonderful women. 48. He won the election supported by the constituenq{ 49. He applied for the managerial position encouragedby his colleagues. 50. The foundation stone of the department store to be opened next Septemberwill be laid tomorrow: 51. We informed the colleaguesabout the issuesto be discussedin the meeting tomorrow: 52.We will discussthe problemsyet to be solved. 53. The questionsyet to be answeredare very important.
UNIT32 Ex. 1. 2.Thewoman who / that livesnext door hasbeenkidnapped.3. The building which / that was built fifry years ago was pulled down. 4. The restaurant which / that is on the corner has been closed. 5. The computer which / that I bought last year went wrong. 6. The girl who / that escapedfrom the hospital disappeared.T.The teacherwho / that smackeda child was dismissed. Ex.2. 9. not necessary 7. necessary8. not necessary 6. necessary 3. not necessary4. necessary5. not necessary 10. necessary Ex. 3. 2.-3.who/that4.-5.which lrhat6.who/that7.-8.-9.who/thatl0.which/thatll.which/that 12. which / that 13. who / that 14. - 15. Ex.4. 2. who / that cheatedin the exam 3. the doctor prescribedfor you 4. who / that causedthe accident5. I sent them last week 6. you met in the trade union meeting 7. which / that areon your table 8. Aunt Nancy had cookedfor them 9. which / that was advertisedin the papers10. you gaveme last week Ex. 5. 2. |udy is dancingwith 3. shewas looking for 4. Jackis sitting next to 5. we insist on 6. you arewriting with 7. you spoke to at the party 8. I was invited to 9. he applied for I0. I had alwaysdreamt of. Ex. 6. 2. who lives in Hollyr,vood (defining) 3. which is in London (defining) 4. who I and my husbandlook after (non-defining) 5. they look after (defining) 6. where I grew up (defining) 7. where lovers get married in secret(non-defining) B. who is wearing a suit (defining) 9. whose husbandis a politician (non-defining) I0. that I bought last month (defining) Il. which is a BMW (non-defining) 12. the roof of which was repaired(non-defining) 13. whosewindows were broken by someyoung thugs (defining) Ex.7. 2. whose 3. who 4. which 5. where 6. whom 7. whom 8. which Ex. 8. 2. that/ which; no commas 3. ,who ...) commas4. whom; no commas5. who I that l- ; no commas6. s 0.that/ , w h i c h . . . , c o m m a s7 . , w h o . . . ) c o m m a s8 . , w h o . . . ) c o m m a s9 . t h a t / w h i c h ; n o c o l r u n a 1 which; no commaslI. ,which ...) commas12. which I that l-; 13. that / which I - ; no commas14. which I that l- ; no corrunas15. whom ; no commas Ex. 9. 3. ,which ..., commas4. which I that; no commas5. ,which ..., commas6. which / that ; no commas7. ,which ..., commas 8. which / that ; no corrunas9. both possible,but ,,that" is more likely ; no colrunas 10. both possible,but,,that" is more likely ; no commas Ex. 10. 3. ,who ...) commas4. who I that ; no commas5. who / that , no corrunas6. ,who ..., commas7. ,who ..., commasB. who / that ; no commas9. who / that ; no commas 10. who / drat, no commas Ex. ll. 5. Chris is dancingwith a girl whose parentsarevery rich. 5. Jackuseshis parents'car,the tank of which grandparents, is neverempty 6. Tom is alwaysusing my car,the tank of which he never fills. 8. Jessica's whose big house is let, live in a small rented flat. 9. Her grandparentslive in this small rented flat, the
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xrv Aruswrn costsof which are low. 10. Tim wants to apply for admissionto a university whose entranceexam is very difficult. lI. I want to go to Oxford University, the tutors of which are said to be excellent. Ex. 12. 3. ,who ...) commas4. - ; no commas5. , ... whom ..., colilnas 6. whom; no commasT.- ; no commas 8. ,who ..., commas9. ,who ..., commasI0. whom, no commas Ex. 13. 2. He introduced me to his girlfriend, with whom he had been going out for a couple of months. 3. His funeral, to which only few people came)was on Friday 4. Thesespecialingredients, from which you have ro make the cake,are rather expensive.5. Our holiday to which we are looking forward, startson l" July 6. This is a guide book on Crete, from which you can get a lot of usefirl information. Ex. 14. 2. Jackhas four degrees,all of which are university degrees.3. Sheila has five children, all of whom are secondaryschool srudenrs.4. Her neighbour has a lot of flats, most of which are let. 5. I met four new members in the meeting, all of whom are over 30. 6. We invited a lot of people, most of whom were our colleagues.7 . The children bought five ice-creams,all of which they ate up very quickly 8 . Our parents havea lot of friends,most of whom arefamouspeople.9. Carol hasgot a lot of relatives,most of whom Iive abroad.10. Elisabethwrites plenty of books, most of which are publishedby the University Press. Ex. 15. 3. what 4. that 5. that 6. Whar7. that 8. what 9. that 10. what Il. that 12. what I3. that 14. what 15. that 16. What Ex. 16. 2. I didn't wanr to stay abroad any longer 3. we moved into our new house4. I spoketo him 5. he met the singer of his favourite band 6. I repeat everything twice Ex. 17. 2. I couldn't take part in the race, which was a pitlu 3. Tom and Sarah have a two-week old baby,which means they can't go out. 4. Matthew put me up, which was very kind of him. 5. The lift was out of order, which meant we had to climb the stairs.6. The weather was bad, which we didn't expect,because the weather forecasrsaid that it would be good. 7. We paid two hundred thousands forints for his tenyear old Toyota Corolla, which was quite reasonable.8. My purse was stolen at the railway station, which meant that I had to borrow money to be able to go home. Ex. 18. r . A 2 . B 3 .A 4 . A 5 .B 6 . C 7 .D 8 .C Ex. 19. I. The house that/which is being renovated at the end of the street is more than hundred yearsold. 2. Our neighbour's house, which is being renovatednow, is for sale. 3.My brother,who is a dentist, has been a widower for threeyears. 4.My brother that/who works abroad bought a flat last week. 5. Jessie,who you've also met, is arriving in Budapesttomorrow: 6. The train that/which is due to leaveat B is half an hour late. 7.The Orient Express,which is due to arrive at 7, has beenderailed. 8. The woman whose husband does the housework is very lucky 9. Tom, whose wife suffers from a very seriousillness,has been fired. 10. I have met the man (drat/who) Sue is talking to. I l. Have you seenthe film (that) I have told you aboutf 12. I have applied for the job that was advertisedin HVG. 13. The Danube, which flows into the Black Sea,is the most important river in Hungary 14. The litde girl who/that is playing in the garden is Samantha'syoungest daughter. 15. The computer that/which is in the shop-window is high quality 16. Laurel and Hardy, who were the starsof the burlesque,can only be seenin the film museum. 17.He is the man (who/that) I like. 18. The National Theatre, which is located on the bank of the Danube, may be finished next year. 19. Sheila'ssister,who Tom married, had divorcedtwice. 20. The doctor who also got injured in the accidentrescuedour friends daughter from the burning car. 21. I havenever met a man (who/that) I could live with. 22. This is the reasonwhy lessiehasn't phoned me. 23. This is the place where I would live with pleasure.
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UNIT33 Ex. l. 2. I opened the window to get some fresh air. 3. We left early in order to get to dre station in time . 4. Sue goesjbgging every day so asro lose weight. 5. You haveto phone the ticket office in ordcr to book tickets for tomorrow 6. |ack went to bed to have a rest. 8x.2. 2. to borrow 3. to make4. to protect 5. to encourage6. to sell 7 . to earnB. to tell 9. to go 10. to leirrn11. ro ease12.to watch l-3. to srudy 14. to eat 15. to buy 16. to speak17. to recoverlB. to celebrate Ex. 3. 2. so asnot to offend 3. so asnot to owe 4. so asnot to make 5. so as not to put on 6. so asnot to bc Ex. 4. 2. He stood up in order that everybodycould seehim well. 3. Shewill hide the keysso that he can'tle'ave her. 4. Let's leavenow so that we won't meet James.5. The teacherwas very atteittivein order that thc srudenrsr.r,ouldn'tcheat. 6. I cooked everything in the evening so that my husband could have luncl'rthc nexr day 7. We left the room at different times so that nobody would seeLlstogether. Ex.5. 3. in order that 4. so that 5. to learn 6. to see7. in order that 8. in order to buy 9. so d'rat10. so that Ex. 6. 2. He wore a falsemoustacheand a wig so that nobody would recognizehim. 3. She turned clown dlc radio so thar she wouldn'r wake her husbandup. 4. The man spokevery loudly so that cverybodvcor'rld
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ArusweR rgv hear his voice. 5. I acceleratedso that the FBI wouldn't follow me. 6. Don't be late so rhat I can stirrt the lectureon time. 7. She drew the curtainsso that the neighbourscouldn't seer.vhatshc wirsdoing. 8. He srvitchedoffhis mobile so that nobody would disnrrb him. Ex.7. 2. Shealwayshad a gassprayin her bag for fearthat somebodywould assaulther at night. 3. fi'acy ran ro the bus stop for feardrat shewould miss the bus.4. fhe childrenhid thc video cassettes fbr feardrar dreir would find them. 5. They had bars put on their windorvs for fear somebody rvould breakinto that Pareltts their house.6. Mr and Mrs Barnespaid a big amount of insuranceon dreir car for fear drat somebody u'ould stealit. 7. Jeannever swaln in the lakc for fear that she wor"rldcatch some infection. 8. lack has never travelled by .shipfor fear that ir will sink. Ex. B. 2. Sally never tells anydring to her colleaguesabout her private life lest sornebodyshould misuscrhe infbrmation. 3. jack never boastedabout his fortune lest somebodyshould be envious of hirn. 4. She l<eeps a gun at home lestsomebodyshould breakinto her flat. 5. I didn't tell my husbancl:rboutmy illness lcst he should get depressed.6. I was whisperinglestsomebodyshould hearwhat I wzrssaying.7. I never exceedthe speedlimit lest the police should fine me. B. We nevergamble lest we sl-rouldiose monelr Ex. 9. I. He worked day urd night so that he could / to be able to meet the deadline. 2. Torn went running every day tct keep fit. 3. We turned on the light so that we could seein the dark. 4. I went to seethe doctor to find out why I had a headacheall rhe time. 5.My d:rughterenrolled for a courseto learn to usethe word processor. 6. She tried to speakin a low voice so as not to wake her husbandup. 7. They took a ta-xiso as not to rniss the train to Glasgorv B. He put out his cigaretteso asnot to disturb the others. 9. Liz didn't tell her parentsabout her bad marks so asnor to disirppointthem. 10. I closedthe window so that the children wouldn't catch a cold. ll. Our parentsworked hard so that we would alwayshave something to eat. 12. His roomrlate went to the cinemaso drat they could be alonefor a couple of hours. 13. Hc went to university so drar his parentswould be sarisfiedwidr him. 14. Tornorrow I'll book a room in the sfi,rdenthostelso drat our guestswill havesomewhereto sleep. 15. Next year we are going on holiday with our childrenso that they can seethe sea. 16. He left his mobile switchedon so that anybodycould reachhim. 17. He hid the presenrsso that the children would not find them. lB. He wiped the pistol so that the policemen would not find his fingerprints on it. 19. I'll leavea messageon the deskso that Jackcan know where I am. 20. Grannv will make apple pie romorrow to pleasethe children. 2I. He deletedthe confidential files on the computer in order drat nobody would haveaccessro drem. 22. He s'"vitchedoff the iight to saveelectriciry 23. He gaveLlp sweetsso as not ro get overweight. 24. Thosc studentswho cheat rvill be dispelledso as ro ser a precedent. 25. He wrote on the blackboardwith capital lettersso that everybodycould read it. -the 26. lawyer will show the recording so that everybody will believehim at last. 27. He will do his best so drat nobody can refute what he says. 28. Hc was wearing a fake beard and wig so that nobody would recognizehim. 29. He rvasacceleratingfor fear that somebodywould follow him. 30. He behavcdas anybody elselest somebodyshould suspectwhat hc rvasactuallyup to. 31. I alwayskeepthe rules lest the policemanshould fine mc. 32. He alwayskept a pistol with him fbr fear drat he would be assaulted. 33. Ilefore going to bed he always switched on the alarm for fear that somebody would break into the house. 34. Beforegoing home he alwaysfinished his work lest he should be fired. 35. He didn't even dare to move lest the burglarsshould hear rhat he was ir-rthe house roo.
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UNIT 34 Ex. I. 2.HardJy had sheenreredthe room when the phone rang. 3. Scarcelyhad we-finishedbuilding our house when a tornado came and destroyedit. 4. No sooner had he crossedthe road than a mad driver knocked down the passers-by5. Seldom do I make such a deliciouschocolatecake.6. Scarcelyever hasTerence spoken to h". 7. Rarely do they play so well. 8. Never have we eaten such bad scrambledeggs.2.. Ng, onty do they threaten him but they aiso beat him up. 10, Not until he got home did he realisethat his wig had failen off. ll. Nowhere .orid I find him. 12. Only by breaking dre window could he enter his house. 13. On no accounrmusr you touch that wire. 14. On no condition will I betrayhim. l_5.Only in rhis way was he able to reach what he wanted. 16. Only when he looked into the mirror did he seethat he had spilt coffeeon his shirt. 17. Little did he understandmy intention. 18. Ody after he had closed all the windows did he leave home. 19. So big was the demand for the product that the comPany decided to produce more. 20. So angry was her husband that she got frightened. 2l.Were I yo.u I wouldn't teise him. 22. Should I arrive late, don't wait for me.23. Had I not got there in time, they wouldn't have started the meeting. 24.IJnder no circumstanceswould I get involved. Ex.2. l. Never have I seen2. she would never go there 3. So devastatingwere the floods 4. Only when the chilclrenhavewoken up 5. than 6. Should you miss 7. Suchwas the storm B. Only by listeningto it twice could I 9. knows f 0. did I believe11. when 12. I handedin my test-paPer Ex. 3. 2. Scarcelyhad Jacksongot out of his car when it exploded. 3. No sooner had he put down dre receiver thzu-rthe phone r"ng "glin. 4. No sooner had she gbne to bed than there was a knock on the door. 5. Hardly naa tim tUea tfre fly when another one flew onto his nose. 6. Hardly had he startedhis car when a poliieman stopped l1tn.7-. No sooner had the client left the office than another one entered.8. Hardly had rve switched the TV on when the picture went blank. 9. No sooner had I finished cleaningthe floor than my child.renspilled some milk on it. 10. Scarcelyhad I switched on rny mobile when it went dead. Ex.4. 2. the srudenrsle:rvethe classroom3. will I 4. did we know 5. I understand6. can you see7. can you enter 8. had I stopped 9. we bought the car 10. I win Ex. 5. 2. No sooner had he stopped ar the rraffic lights than the car stalled. 3. Such were the waves that the sailing boarsoverfurned.4. Under no circumslancemust that letter be sent. 5. Not until I wanted to Pay at thJcash cleskdid I notice that I had lost my purse.6. Litde could sheseethe point of this exercise7. At no time did Jack regret going to college instead of universiry 8. So tired were the children that they couldn't fir-rishthe tour. 9. Only when we moved into the flat did we realisethat the walls were damp. I0. Scarcelyever have I made such bad Christmaspudding' Ex. 6. 3. Only by reducing rhe price could he get rid of tinned fish. 4. Not possible. 5. Only ryifi l kis:of life could he i"r.t,. thJgirl. 6. Only by showing their membership card could they enter the club. 7. Not possible.8. Only after breaking the window could he get the ignition key that he had left in the car.9' Not possible.10. Not possible. F-x.7. 2. we rravelledto America did we first meet our grandparents.3. had I had my car repairedthan I crashedit again.4. had I switchedon the computer when there was a power cut and it stopped.5 1.. l get rhe promotion what would you sayf 6. can you seethis kind of animal in this part of the world. 7 . fue phone rang did I realize that I had overslept. 8. he has consulted his lawyer does he have to say ro--"thitrg abour the crime. 9. you live to be a hundred can you seeHaley's Comet again. I0. accoullt were journalists allowed to take part in the wedding ceremony of the famous stars. 8x.8. 3. So will we. 4. So have L 5. Neither hasSue.6. So are rhey.7.So doesiim. 8. Nor do we. 9. Nor will I. 10. Nor canshe.II. Nor had he. 12. So did I. 13. So arewe. 14. Nor did my daughter.I5. Nor do the children. 16. So could he. 17. Nor am I. 18. Neither will we. 19. So did you 20. So do I. Ex.9. L. Never could I understandwhat sheloved about that guy 2. Never have we seenanything like that. 3. Never will you find out what has actually happened.
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Aruswrn rry 4. Rarely can you meet such an outstandinq personalirv 5. S_carcely can you seedogs making friendi*ith."tr.' 6 -Nowadayshardly.ever.canyou seeerderrycoupleswarki'g hand in hand. 7 ' Hardly had they closed the door behind tir.- -h.n the baby began cryrng agai'. B. Hard\' had drey.hadthe car repairedwhen it broke down again.9. No sooner had drey got married than they got clivorced. 10' No soonerhad he^left prison than he got in"volvedin something. 11. Hardly had we left the housewhen ititarted to rain. 12. u'der no circumstancesam I willi'g ro answeryour questions. I 13. In no circumsranceswill he betray hIs best friend. 14. In no circumstancescan yo,.rrp.uk to your mother like that. no way can you meet him again. ]q i" 16. In no way can you speakto him about it. 17. In no way can rhey do it with vou. If no way will we"go to his wedding. 1l 19. On no condition am I willing to fisGn to it further. 20. I cen't sing. Don't worry! Neither / Nor can I. 2I. Jackhasnever ," .b...-" Egypt. Neither / Nor hasJudy 22. Yesterdaywe didn't cook zuiythrng.Nor did we. 23.I'll go to bed soon. So will i. 24. They will be late. So will we. 25' Next week we are_ travelling to America. Are youf so arethe Browns. 26. Fhrnr'ately my children aie not choosy Neither are my children. 27. our relativescome to seeus regularly'so do our relatives. 28' Not until he looked into a mirror.onid h. imaginewhy everybody was laughing at him. 29. Not until he mer me did he know what true lorie was. 30. Not until steve arrived home did he know what had happenedto his family until they can buy a flat do they want to starr a family il Io, 32. Not only was he unfaithful to his wife but he arsotold hlr [es. only did he.bring a 13 _\", ling for her but he also proposedto her. 34. Not only did he buy dre flaibut he alsohad it red^ecorated. o'ly did he go ice-skatingin winter but he alsowenr skiing. 1! I.. 36. Nowher" .-11yo_ubuy a house ar such a low price. 37. Nowhere did I find rny glasses. 38. Norvheredid he go alone. 39. Nowhere do I want ro meet him. by practising a lot can you learn English grammar. 19 9rly 41. Only by asking for help .an he solve this Iifficrilt task. 42. Only by getting a bank loan can we buy the flat. when he got home did he seewhat had happenedto his flat. t1 9"!V you left him did he understand ho*i-portanr you had been for him. t! 9"!V 11h5n have i.rrepairedcan rhey sell the car ar; good price. 1! 9rly llthey +! only if we meet all the requiremenis will they accepiour ^application.
iniorm"iior,. tT 9"!V j" Sit waycanyougetthenecessary in driswaycanyoucirry out theplan. 11 9dt 49.
Rarelycan you seesuch a beautiful.or'rbl.. can you meer such polite young -".,. 19 lqr:ty can you get such nice breadirithe shops. ll l"l{.you read such an interesting article in the newspapers. !? |d{.ry.:1n 53. Litde did he understandwhat I wanred"rotalk ro him aboui. 54. Little can he imagine what you acruallyexpectfrom him. 55. Little did he befiJvewhat you told him. was the explosion thit all the housesin rhe surrounding areahad to be evacuated. 19 l*n 5 7' so sudden was the attackthat m.. was unable to get backio normal / get back on its feet for days. :i.y 58. Had I beenthere, I could havehelped vou. 59. WereI you, I wouldn't deal with ii. 60. Had you allowed me to speak to him, he might be still alive.
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UNIT35 Er.1. 2. It rvirsUnclc ]oe who dieclin a car crashthreeyearsago.3. It was after they had heardthe nervsthat the childrer-r got very sad.4. It was shewho didn't let him 6orro- their car.5. It is dre contractsthat rvc will sign torn-orror.v'6.his brother your colleagueis talking to. 7. the refusalof his application tl-rathe, is dilappointcd about. B. been a virus that distroyed the-programme.9. It's in Madrid rvhere/ that the championshipwill takc place. 10. It's me who should go olt a diet becauseit's me u'ho is overu'cight. F,x.2. 2. Thirr's the thing (that) she has alwayswanted to do. 3. That's the thing / dre word (tl-rat)I don't undcrstand.4. Thit'i the film i the play'/ the thing I would like to see.5. That's the colour / the car she likes.6. This is the place/ tl-rething (that; nobody knows. 7. This is the story (that) I wanted1s 6gllyou. tl. This is thc tool / the place(that) we necd.9. This is the flat/ the house/ dre car I havealwaysdreanrt of. 10. Thirt's dre dress/ tl-rebook / dre sofa (that) Jeanwould like to buy Ex.3. 4. Wl-ratirritateshirn 2. Wl-ratannoysmc is vioience. 3. What is important now is rlot to loseour temPe_r. 6. What I've always it is so peaceful. is that late. 5. What hc loveJaboutthis town is that his rvifi is ah.l'ays school. B. What I did to going a child was wiurredto do is havei swim in the ocean.7. What shehatedas aftcr the party \\/asgive him my address. Ex. 4. 2. boast about his prerr,vgirlfriend. 3. is that the housewas on fire. 4. is;that we have broken into the rn:rrket.5. is that I'm goin[ to leavesoon.6. Iove.7. be patient.B. is an acknowledgcment9. askhis narne us. 10. was to comDensate tix. D. 2. is certainro get thc cenificate.3. is likely to tell us everything4. arelikeiy to win the race5. is not likely ro acceprour essay6. doesn'tseemto be satisfiedwith the new flat. 7. They seemto havelost their way B. seemsto be ir-ra very good mood. Ex.6. 2.They are difficult ro undersrand.3. He is difficult to reach.4. A car is expensiveto maintain. 5. Vince is pleaiant to speakto. 6. The problem won't be easyto talk about. 7. A dog isn't cheapto keep.B. She is er-rjoyable to dancewidr. I:.x.7. t y. . . . a t t h e v e r y n e x t m o m e n t 5 . . .i.n t h e v e r y 2 . . a t t h ev e r y e n d o f i t . 3 . . . . i n t h e v e r y c e n t r e o f t h e c i 4 sameminute.6. ... the verynextday7. ...the verytruth Ex. B. 1. It's Jackwho is responsiblefor the accident. 2. It's the fans of the team who vandalizethe grandstand. 3. It was dre managersof the company who bankrupted the firm' 4. It is your friends who tell you lies. 5. It rvasa hot sumrnernight when I first saw her. 6. It will be romorrow rvhen they'll celebratetheir fifth wedding anniversary 7. It is today that the evidencewill be made public. 8. It is his rnarriagedrat spoiled his life. 9. It is the sciencesubjects that he is good at/ he does well. 10. It was yesterdaythat he first invited me for inner. 11. It was his wealth drat made the man so attractiveto her. 12. That's rvhat I can do fbr you. 13. Tl-rat'srvhat he wanted to tell you. 14. That's what he was afraid of. 15. That u,aswhat he wanted to achievein his life. 16. That was what the blackmailersdemanded. 17. Tl-ratrvasu,hat arousedhis interest. I B. That'sall I can give you. 19. That's all I knorv about the case. 20. That's irll he betrayedto him. 21. That was all he achieved. 22.Thatwas all he could say about this topic. 23. Nl. (that) he does is a futile effort.
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AruswEn rrv 24. AII (that) you srart ends in failure. 25 All (drat) he saysarc empry words. 26. What I u,anr to do is calthim on dre phone. 27. \Yhat don't understandis why he turned ro you for help. 28. He is certainto turn up. 29. They are ccrtain to "rriu" in time. 30. Tl-revirrecertain to irtvite \rou. 31. Tl-revare certainto acceptdre proposal. are likell, to uncle'rstand'o.riproblern. 1? llt"i' 33. TI'ro, are likelv ro reporr rhc casetb the police. 34. They are likcly to demand a ransom for the hostasc. 35. Thcv are nor likely 16 reachthe train. 36. We ire not vcry likell,to come to an agreemenr. 37. Tl-rclecture is not likely ro srart on timi. 38. Vrur son seelrlsto be happy 39. Youdon't seemto be satisfied. 40. He clclcsrr't scernto rccognizevou. 41 . Hc scemsfo hevcdrunl<-toomuch. 12. The word-processoris r-rotdifficult to use. 43' The cl-rir-rese are hard ro undersrandif they speakEnglish. 44. Thq, are easvto deceivc. 45. A brg car is expensivero maintain. 46. I had ro leave the room at the very beginning of the lecture. 47' It tumed out only at the very end of the fitir that the protagonisr was a ghost, too. 48. The beggar was sitti'g in the very middle of the ,tr".i.
UNIT36 Ex. l. 2' Wh1' does he say he is going to resign) 3. Where does your mother think you spent the night )'esterdayf4. What do"t,Yglt boi.ssuggestyou should dof 5. i{ow much money,io yo,rr.friendsthiJ Torn has wonf 6. How do.his colleagiEsreiommend she should get the promotionf 7. Which car does rg.byr_fB' How hgy times a week doesyoui sisterihinL t will proposeto herl g. Julie sayshe.'uvants often do you think I go abroadl r0. Why does your father believe yo,, Jo,r't speak to himf .. {otu Ex.2.
3 Hg'Ilgry ala shesayhehadP:.1.g":g 9:: *i+ yoursisterl3. wheredid yourwifethinkyouhad been)4. Why.clid yousay.)rou hadleftlierl 5. Whendid;anesayshewouldbebalkt6. How oftendidher
bofricnd sayhe went to the pubf 7. How did the bosssayhe would posrponesigning the conrracrl g. Who did t'ou believeI would tell y-oursecrettof 9. How did he rhink h" *iua'u";11"-;;;p" with the problemf I0' Wl'rich flat did she sayshe wanted to move intof I l. \A/hodid you sayhad broken into your housel Er. 3. 2' When " . we can get together to discussa few thingsl a. u9r1j9ng ... he had beenlearningJapanesel ... he has to tell her that he lov"esherl 5. What time ... the nexr train to London 1^lgtt,g"n1'times leftf 6' Where ... yolr had beenl 7.How often... he went running before the accidentl8. Which bus stop '. . rve had to get off atf 9..Why .. . you had told her thc truthilO. What ... he would saywhen he realisedtl-ratl-rehad been deceived) Ex.4. ,; t"tr", 3. FIow often 4. How long 5. what 6. where 7. who g. why 9. who / where 10. why t,.. x. 5. 2' meet after the fihn 3' work for that company4. been5. a swindler6. hascheated on him 7. boyfrield ir-8 avoid gerting inro prison 9. wc are going'to move 10. loves .Ex.6. I. Horv old did he think I was) 2. Wl-rendo you think he will resiqnl 3 low ma'y rimes did vou r"y y"ouhad beento the Middle Eastl I9."9 1 l-:* _d"you rhink I have been going out with Sue) did they think I.would sayif thi t .ih.",rr" to lightf 9 -Ylr., 6. who did vou sayyou had beento the cinemawith theiay beforef
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Aruswen rrv 7. How many times do you think I will explain the sameequationf 8. Why did they believe we hadn't gone to their parryf 9. What kind of car did you think I was going to buyl 10. How long did your hu.sbandthink you would stand his unfaithfulnessl lI. How maiy times did the committee say they would refuseour application) 12. How do you think I will travel to Moroccol 13. How many peopledo you saywill take part in the competitionl 14. Who did you think we would co-operatewith) 15. Which dressdid you sayI should put onl 16. Who do you drink is in the linel 17. Whv do vou think I haven't invited you so far) f 8. What do'you think Sharon'snew boyfriend looks like) 19. Wl'ren did they say they would arriveI 20. How many people do they believecould have seenthe accident) 21. Who do you think I told dre story tol 22.Whichlairguage coursedo you sayI should enrol forf 23. Who did h1 bilieve I was talking to while he was in the toilette) 24. How much did you say you had paid for the flat) 25. How much did they say they would ask for the carl 26.Why did you believeI had given twenty drousandforints to himf 27.Who did they think I wasl 28. Why do they say they don't want to workl 29. Who do you suggestI should rent a flat with) 30. Who do they advise I should turn to for helpl
UNIT37 Ex. l. 2. wasn'rhe 3. hasshe4. aren'rwe 5. aren't I 6. did he 7. will he B. should I 9. could he l0' isn't she ll. didn'the 12. willyou 13. shallwe 14. haven'tthey15. weren'tthey 16. amI17. willyou 18' wouldhe 19. had yo,t 20. will you 21. may I Ex.2. 2. Let's havea drink, shallwe) 3. Youdon't like it, do you) 4. It was bad, wasn't itf 5. You arecold, aren't weren't polite, were theyf 7.Yott havelost weight, haven'tyouf 8. You'vegot you) 6. The shop assistanrs up late again,haven'tyouf Ex. 3. 2.Liz,you haven'tgot a telephonecard,haveyouf 3. )ason,you don't know whereour teacherof Engli1lt haveyou) 6. Iill' is, do ybu) 4. Tim,"you dont havea ruler,do youl 5. ]udy, you haven'tseenmy glasses, you can't help me, can you) Ex. 4. I. You go running regularly,don't youl 2. Jackis speakingto the new colleague,isn't he) 3. The weather will be bad next week' won't itf 4. The prices won't rise this year, will they) 5. You don't need help, do youf 6. Johnny will marry July, won't hef 7. Yesterdayyou weren't at home, were you) B. Last week you saw the film, didn't you) 9. The factory was sold last year,wasn't itl I0. You have met the new boss, haven't youl ll. Jackhas never beento Hungary before,hashe) 12. Everybody was satisfiedwith the service,weren't theyl 13. Nobody hasmade a complaint, havethey? 14. Somebody has climbed in through the window, haven't theyf 15. Nobody has enrolled for the course' have theyf 16. Everybodyhas arrived,haven'ttheyl 17. Don't speaktoo loudly will youf 18. Don't tell anyone that I have told you, will youf
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Aruswen rey 19. Have some saladtoo, will you| 20. Let's have a glassof beer iomewhere, shall we) 21. Let's meet at five o'clock in front of the cinema,shallwef 22. Let's turn to the next issueof the agenda,shall wel 23. Don't drink so much. will vou) 24. I shouldn't tell him what his happened,should I| 25. We should visit him, shouldn't wef 26. You wouldn't like to go to the cinema today would you) 27. He wouldn't have behavedlike this if he were me, would hel 28. You hadn't eaten anyrhing before you left, had you) 29. By the time you arrived home everybody had left, hadn't they) 30. He mustn't over.work,must hel 31. We mustn)t enter here without permission.must we I 32.Ihad better nor argue with him^,had Il 33. They had better put offthe negotiation,hadn't theyf 34. I am not too skilful, am Il 35. I am too impatient, aren't If 36. I am too curious, aren't If 37. You are about to leave.aren't voul 38. This is not the streer we are looking for, is itf 39. You haven't got the pen, have youf 40. You are not looking for the book, are youl
UNIT 38 Ex. L 2. - llj:'e3. the / - / the 4.- I a /- 5. the 6. thel-7. rhel- B. - I the9. - I -10. the / the II. a12. a I a 13. - 14. rhe I a 15. the / a 16. the / the Ex.2. 2 . d r e 3 . t h e 4 . - 5 . T h e l r h e 6 . - 7 . - / t h e B . t h e / t h e9 . t h e 1 0 . - l l . t h e 1 2 . t h e 1 3 . - / t h e 1 4 . t h e 8x.3. 2. ... getinto Room 22insreadof Room 243.The sun ... in the sky4. Right. 5. ... playingthe pianol 6. Right. 7. a B. a 9. An apple 10. Right. ll. The more ... the fatter 12. was more inreresting13. by the sea14. fught. Ex.4. 2. the ground 3. size42 4. the Earth 5. television6. line 25 7. rhe radio Ex. 5. 2 The bicycle.3. The African elephant.4. The lei. 5. The ballpoint pen. 6. The penguin. 7. The cheetah. 8. The chimpanzee.9. The Pandabear.10. The jaguar. Ex.6. 2. the disabled3. the unemployed4. the homeless5. the dead6. the injuredT. r}rerich / the poor B. The yolrng / the old 9. the sick Ex.7. 2.The Spanish3. The Dutch 4. The French 5. The Irish 6. The ChineseT.The Scors,the Welsh/ the English / the British 8. The Hungarians 9. The Japanese10. The Swiss Ex. 8. 2. a Chinese3. a Frenchman4. an Enelishman 5. a Welshman6. an IrishmanT. a Scot 8, a li:rk 9. a JapaneseI0. a Brit ll. a Dutchman l2-a Swiss Ex.9. 2. the same3. the very 4. The only 5. the same6. the very 7. the only 8. the very beginning 9. the only Ex. 10. Rivers & canals: The PanamaCanal, the Danube, the Suez Canal, the English Channel, the Nile, the Amazon, the Seine,the Mississippi Seas& oceans:the Black Sea,the Mediterranean, the Pacific,the Adantic, the Indian Ocean,the Red Sea Mountain Ranges: the Andes, the Alps, the Tatras,the Carpathians,the Himalayas, the Urals Groups of islands: the Philippines, the Bahamas,the WestIndies, the Canaries,the British Isles Deserts: the Sahara,the Chalahari, the Gobi Certain countries: the Czech Republic, the Netherlands,the United Srares,the People'sRepublic of China
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AruswrnreY Ex. ll. a) 2. the SuezCanal3. dre ttras 4. The Urals 5. the People'sRepublic of China 6. the Hirnalayas7.Thc Danube, the Black SeaB. The PacificOcean9. the Carpathians10, the Mediterraneanll. The Sahara/ dre Chalahari12. the Rockies13. the Alps 14. The Canaries Ex. iI b) l. Tl-reAmazon is the longest river in South America. 2. Peoplewere able to fly to America over the Atlar-rticonly in the secondhalf of the 20'hcenturlz3. The Gobi is dre syrnbolofMongolia. 4Jhe_people ',vho live in ihe Andes are very short. 5. Many French poets have written about the Seine.6. The Panama Canal was built to connect North America and South America. Ex. 12. Hotcls: the Ritz Restaurants& pubs: the ChineseRestaurant,the Red Lion Theatresand cinemas:thc Odeon, the National Theatre Museums and galleries: the National Museum, the National Gallerl6 Other buildingi (common nouns): the Ftstival Hall, the Flousesof Parliament,the Vatican,the Empire StateBuilding, the White F{ouse Organisations:dre BBC, the CIA, the EuropeanUnion Newspapers:the Sun ...of ...: The Gulf ofMexico Ex. 13. 2. IIIM 3. McDonalds 4. Harrods 5. Buckingham Palace6. Tiafalgar Square7. St Peter'sBasilicaB. Lloyds Bank 9. Hyde Park Ex. 14. Right answers: 2. to Philips 3. to the Sur-r4. St James'sPark 5. The Hotel Hilton / the Houses of Parliament6. KennedvAroort 7.The Globe 8. Harrods 9. The White House 10. the FinancialTimes11. in the National Muieurn 12. Woman'sOwn 13. Unilever / Kraft Jacobs14. Broadway 15. Oxford Universiry 16. at dre Universiry of London L7. to the ChineseRestaurant Ex. 15. 2. at school3. in hospital4. to prison 5. at home / to work 6. to hospitalT. in prison 8. at school9. at work 10. at universiry 11. to bed 12. in bed 13. to church 14. in church Ex. 16. 2. school 3. school 4. the school 5. school6. school 7. the school 8. school g. the school 10. church 11. tlre church 12. the church 13. the church 14. The church 15. the church 16. prison 17. the prison 18. prison 19. dre prison 20. prison 21. hospital22. thehospital23.The hospital 24. the hospital25. the sea 26. sca27. the sea/ the sea28. home 29. work 30. bed 3I. bed 32. dre bed Ex. 17. Right anslvers: 2. dogt I catsldogs / cats3. women / men 4. The meat 5. meat 6. LifeT . The life 8. Death / peoplg9 Tll. deatli1O. All children lf. All the children f2. All the people 13. Most people / death 14. Seeing15. swimming / cold water 16. Unemployment / homelessness Ex. IB. 2. 215 forints a litre 3. Once a month 4. 80 kph 5. 30 daysa year 6. 25 pounds a metre Ex.19. L . D 2 . C 3 . D 4 . D 5 . C 6 . D 7 . B 8 . A 9 . B 1 0 .B I l . C 1 2 .B 1 3 .A Ex.20. l. Hungary's currencyis the forint. 2. The toad is an amphibian. 3. He was the first to arrir.eand the last to leave. 4. That would be the last thing I would do. 5. If it weren't for dre Moon, the Earth would move faster. 6. He can play a lot of musical instruments,for example,he can play the guitar, he can play the bass guitar and he can also play dre drums. 7. I think Fotex is the best handball team in Hungary 8. They rvon t-hemost championships. 9. Most peoplestill think that a woman's placeis in the home. 10. That was the most boring fiJm I haveeverseen. I I. I think the lecture was most interesting. 12. With thc new system of retirement the elderly can't retire before sixtlz 13. The elderly should be respectedby the young.
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Answenrry 14. Mother Theresalooked after the ooor and the sick all her life. 15. It is very diffrcult for thc disabledto travel around in dre ciry 16. The homelessneed help. 17. The French have alwal's been proud of their country languageand culfi;re just like the Welsh. 18. A Frenchmall)an Englishman and a Dutchman were argung about whose courtry is the most developed. 19. The Italians are often calleddagosin America. 20. The Czech Republic and the Ukraine are not neighbouringcountries. 21. I'n-rgoing to spendthe summer in the Bahamas. 22.Tltis rvinter we are going skiing in the Alps. 23. Verdi wrote Aida for the inauguration of the Suez Canal. 24. Tbe seaof Southern Europe is the Mediterranean. 25. The Danube divides dre capitalof Hurgary into two parts. 26. There have alwaysbeenterritorial disputesin the Middle East. 27 . Thc Hotel Kempinski is one of the most eleganthotels in Hungary 28. I havc never had dinner in the Tower Restaurant. 29. If I don't havemuch time I have a snackin McDonalds. 30. Thc Globe rvasfounded by Shakespeare. 31. Which cinemashallwe go tol To the Corvin. 32. What about going to the National Museum and the National Gallery tomorrowl 33. What kind of English newspapersdo you regularlyread)I subscribeto the Times and the DailyTelegraph. 34. Tl'reGobi Desert can be found in Mongolia. 35. Tl're FBI and the CIA are u,orking hard to find the terrorists. 36. I rvouid like to go for a walk on dre Great Wall of China. 37. I'he White Ilouse can also be the target of terrorist attacl$. 38. Buckir-rehamPalacecan be found in the centreof London. 39. Mv brother is the same ase as vour sister. 40. The onlv thing you can dJir *,"it. 41. The police and the fire brigadearrived at the sceneat the s'ametime. 42. The more you read in EngTistr,the rnore fluently you can speak. 43. Most peopledrir-rkthat dogs are more intelligent than cats. 44. I think all babiesare cute. 45. In the maternity ward all the babiescaught a cold. 46. Death is alwayscruel. 47. Sl'reu,asdeeply shockedby the death of her husband. 48. My children never want to eat fruit and vegetables.They only like meat. 49. Religious peoplego to church once a week. 50. I took a few photos in the church. 5I. \4/evisited our classmatein the hospital. 52. He has been ir-rhospital for four weeks. 53. If he is fbur.rdguilt$ he will be sent to prison. 54. His son gocsto universiry 55. The concert was held at the universitlt 56. When do you usuallygo to bed? 57. Can you seethat book on the bedf Could you bring it here! 58. The fishermcnare at seaagain. 59. jessiehas never swum in the sea. 60. Are you coming by carl 6I. \4/e'llgo in the red car. 62. Open your books on / to page27. 63. You haveto take Bus No. 56. 64. I rvould like half a kilo of onions. 65. We'll meet in half an hour, all rightl 66. How much are the pearsl They're 150 forints a kilo. 67. ADoctor Watson wanted to talk to you. 68. You shouldn't go on a trip in such bad weather. 69. I haveneverseensuch a handsomebridegroom. 70. What a beautiful flower! 71. What a piw that we can't lneet tomorrow. 72. You look pale.FIaveyou got a headachel 73. Yes,and I have a temperatllretoo.
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TESTS GRAMMAR
T e s t IL C 2 . D . 3 . C 4 . C 5 . B 6 . D 7 . A . 8 . C 9 . D I 0 . B 1 1 . B 1 2 . D 1 3 . A 1 4 . C f 5 . C 1 6 . B 1 7 . B19.C20.B T e s t 2 1 . 8 2 . B 3 . D 4 . A 5 " D 6 . A 7 . A 8 . B 9 . C I 0 . D l l . C 1 2 . B 1 3 .A 1 4 .A 1 5 .B 1 6 .A 1 7 .D 1 8 . C19.B20.A T e s t 3 L . A 2 .B 3 . B 4 . C 5 . C 6 . A 7 . C 8 . D 9 . A 1 0 .C l l . B 1 2 .B 1 3 .D 1 4 .A 1 5 .C 1 6 .A 1 7 . D 1 8 . D t9. C 20.D
T e s t 4I . C 2 . A 3 . C 4 . 8 . 5 . A 6 . D 7 . D 8 . A 9 . B 1 0 . C r 1 . C 1 2 . D 1 3 . D 1 4 . D 1 5 . C 1 6 . A 1 7 . A 1 9 .C 2 0 . D T e s t 5L . C 2 . D3 .C 4 . B 5 . A 6 .D 7 . A 8 . B 9 .B 1 0 .C 1 1 .D L 2 . C 1 3 .A 1 4 .B 1 5 .C 1 6 . B 1 7A. I B . A 19.D 20.A T e s t 6 1 . D 2 . A 3 . B 4 . D 5 . B 6 . D 7 . A 8 . D 9 . D 1 0 .D 1 1 .C 1 2 .D 1 3 .C 1 4 .D 1 5 .C 1 6 .B 1 7 .C I 8 . At9.A20.A T e s t7 L . D 2 . C 3 . B 4 . B 5 . C 6 . C 7 . D 8 . B 9 . B 1 0 .A I l . B 1 2 .C 1 3 .C 1 4 .A 1 5 .C 1 6 .D 1 7 .C l B . C19.C20.A T e s t SL . A 2 . A 3 . B4 . C 5 . D 6 . B7 . D 8 . D 9 . C 1 0 . BI l . B 1 2 . B1 3 C 1 4 . B1 5 . D1 6 . B 1 7B. 1 8 . C 19.A 20.D T e s t g L . C 2 . B 3 . A 4 . D 5 . B 6 . D 7 . B 8 . C 9 . A 1 0 . A I l . A 1 2 .B 1 3 .C 1 4 .C 1 5 .B 1 6 .D 1 7 .D l B . D19.B20.C
T e s t I 0l . D 2 . D 3 . C 4 . D 5 . A 6 . C 7 . C 8 . C 9 . D l 0 . D l l . D 1 2 . C t 3 . D 1 4 . D 1 5 . B 1 6 . C 1 7 ' C C19.C20.A
TestIIl.B2.A3.D4.A5.D6.D7.D8.C9.Dr0.BlI.D12.D13.D14.C15.D16.Cr7.D D19.A20.C
T e s t 1 I2. D 2 . B 3 . C 4 . C 5 . D 6 . D 7 . A 8 . C 9 . A 1 0 . C 1 l . D 1 2 . A 1 3 . D t 4 . B 1 5 ' C 1 6 . B 1 7 . C B 1.9.D 20.D
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-70-9 ISBN 978-963-9357
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