Color Atlas of Immunology - PDF Free Download

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7...

Author: Gerd Burmester | Antonio Pezzutto

224 downloads 1876 Views 32MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; <7)="#-).> ?4-@).:A ?',B4A$. <7)="#-).> 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7>

C7.47)4 3"DD'..4/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 ?",:.4A4*> :7$ E764A4*> 89:#)." ; <7)="#-).> ?4-@).:A ?',B4A$. <7)="#-).> 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7>

F).9 647.#)B'.)47- B> G),4
IJI 64A4# @A:."- B> K' ( #*"7 F)#.9 IJ .:BA"-

G9)"," L.'..*:#. M N"O P4#Q Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

!" !"#$%$& '( )'*+$,-- )%.%/'+"*+0"*012#/"3%."'* 4%.% "- %5%"/%#/, ($'6 .7, 82#/"-7,$ !"#$%&'($"%)* 9"6' :/$"37-; <=4= <%>01/%*3?0@*-.".2., ('$ @*(,3."'* A"'/'+& %*B @*-.".2., '( @*(,3."'* <,B"3"*, C$,, :*"5,$-".& '( A,$/"* A,$/"*; D,$6%*& E/,>%*B$% E"37,$; <=4= <'/,32/%$ )%$B"'/'+& 4,8%$.6,*. '( @*.,$*%/ <,B"3"*, @F :*"5,$-".& '( C$%*?(2$. C$%*?(2$.; D,$6%*& G2H$+,* I"$.7 1$'(,--'$ '( F"-2%/ )'662*"3%."'* :*"5,$-".& '( E88/",B J3",*3,4%$6-.%B.; D,$6%*&

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� 8.%02(55< .7, 6%*2(%3.2$,$R- /,%(/,.- %33'68%*&"*+ ,%37 B$2+ %*B .' 37,3?; "( *,3,--%$& "* 3'*-2/.%."'* \".7 % 87&-"3"%* '$ -8,3"%/"-.; \7,.7,$ .7, B'-%+, -37,B2/,- 6,*."'*,B .7,$,"* '$ .7, 3'*.$%"*B"3%0 ."'*- -.%.,B #& .7, 6%*2(%3.2$,$- B"((,$ ($'6 .7, -.%.,6,*.- 6%B, "* .7, 8$,-,*. #''?= J237 ,>%60 "*%."'* "- 8%$."32/%$/& "68'$.%*. \".7 B$2+- .7%. %$, ,".7,$ $%$,/& 2-,B '$ 7%5, #,,* *,\/& $,/,%-,B '* .7, 6%$?,.= c5,$& B'-%+, -37,B2/, '$ ,5,$& ('$6 '( %88/"3%."'* 2-,B "- ,*."$,/& %. .7, 2-,$R'\* $"-? %*B $,-8'*-"#"/".&= 97, %2.7'$- %*B 82#0 /"-7,$- $,d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

1$"*.,B "* D,$6%*& #& D$%66/"37; 1/",K7%2-,* @JAS V0LV0LTZYXL0U `D9Fa @JAS U0NZbYY0MZX0V `9S]a L T V X b

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

"

%0",& &12 %,&1"$(

)*+,-./0,$1*+ 2/+3*4&*+

5(&'($' 6*77/&&'

?0%6@A( B 6&70% C(%,0)$0% \%- #'$* "* _%*'5,$; D,$6%*& "* LMb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d2,*./& .''? 28 % .,%37"*+ 8'-"."'* %. .7, :*"5,$-".& '( c$0 /%*+,* <,B"3%/ J37''/= _, 3'68/,.,B 7"- %BB"."'*%/ $,-,%$37 $,d2"$,6,*.- ('$ % !"#$%$&"&$'( `D,$6%* d2%/"("3%."'* ('$ 8$'(,--'$-7"8a "* LMNM %*B \%%88'"*.,B E--'3"%., 1$'(,--'$ "* LMMU= _, /%.,$ %30 3,8.,B % 37%"$ %. .7, 4,8%$.6,*. '( W7,26%.'/'+& %*B )/"*"3%/ @662*'/'+&; )7%$".,e _'-8".%/; _260 #'/B. :*"5,$-".& "* A,$/"*= 1$'(,--'$ A2$6,-.,$ ",*+%+,B "* 3/"*"3%/ %*B ,>8,$"6,*.%/ $7,26%.'/'+& %*B 3/"*"3%/ "662*'/'+&= Q.7,$ "*.,$,-.- "*3/2B, 6,B"3%/ B"B%3."3- '* #'.7 .7, 2*B,$+$%B2%., %*B 8'-.+$%B2%., /,5,/-= 1$'(,--'$ A2$6,-.,$ 7%- % \"(, %*B .\' 37"/B$,*=

8/0+1*( 9$+&:

97"- 8'3?,. %./%- \%- 6%B, \".7 -2#-.%*."%/ 7,/8 ($'6 D&," E5%&81); <4 %. .7, 4,8%$.6,*. '( <"3$'0 #"'/'+&; C$,, :*"5,$-".& '( A,$/"*; %*B /,3.2$,$ %. .7, 4,8%$.6,*. '( W7,26%.'/'+&; )7%$".,e _'-8".%/= 4$= :/$"37- -.2B",B "* <%$#2$+ %*B B"B 7"- B'3.'$%/ $,0 -,%$37 "* "662*'/'+&= _, "- 32$$,*./& ,*+%+,B "* -.2B",- '( "662*'/'+"3%/ "*(,3.'/'+& "* .2#,$0 32/'-"- %*B 5%33"*, B,5,/'86,*.= F#$"#&" G0HH($$" \%- #'$* "* <"$%*' *,%$ F,*"3, "* LMbV= _, -.2B",B 6,B"3"*, %. .7, :*"5,$-".& '( 1%B2% ($'6 LMYT .' LMYN %*B B"B 7"- B'3.'$%/ $,0 -,%$37 "* .26'$ "662*'/'+& %*B \%- -2#-,d2,*./& /"3,*-,B %- % -8,3"%/"-. ('$ 3/"*"3%/ 7,6%.'/'+& %*B /%#'$%.'$& 7,6%.'/'+&= @* LMNV 7, .$%*-(,$$,B .' .7, :*"5,$-".& '( _,"B,/#,$+R- <,B"3%/ )/"*"3 %*B 1'/"3/"*"3; \7,$, 7, \%- "*(/2,*3,B ('$ LU &,%$#& .7, ,>3,8."'*%/ 8$'(,--"'*%/ 3'68,.,*3, %*B 8,$-'*%/".& '( 1$'(,--'$ I,$*,$ _2*-.,"*= 4$= 1,K0 K2..' B"B 7"- !"#$%$&"&$'( "* 7,6%.'/'+& %*B 3/"*"3%/ "662*'/'+&= _, 7%- -,$5,B %- % 8$'(,--'$ %. .7, 4,8%$.6,*. '( _,6%.'/'+&; Q*3'/'+&; %*B 926'$ @662*'/'+&; )7%$".,e _'-8".%/; _26#'/B. :*"5,$0 -".& "* A,$/"* -"*3, LMMX= _, 7,%B- .7, I'$? D$'28 f<'/,32/%$ @662*'.7,$%8&g %. .7, <%>04,/#$2H3?0 ),*.,$ ('$ <'/,32/%$ <,B"3"*, "* .7, A,$/"* B"-.$"3. '( A237= _"- \'$? 6%"*/& ('32-,- '* .26'$ "6620 *'/'+&= 1$'(,--'$ 1,KK2..'R- \"(, "- % -3",*."-. ($'6 D$,%. A$".%"*h .7,& 7%5, .\' 37"/B$,*=

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

"! F50>.#6%. F&810% \%- ,--,*."%/ "* 3'68"/"*+ .7, "//2-.$%."'*- %*B .,>.-= J7, '#.%"*,B 7,$ <=4= %. .7, :*"5,$-".& '( :/6 "* LMMb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i'$,B "* ($,, +$%87"3- %*B "//2-.$%."'*= _, /%.,$ 3'68/,.,B 7"- 2*B,$+$%B2%.,

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

"!!

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i,3. 6%..,$; .7, ,>8/%*%."'* '( \7"37 "- /"6".,B .' #$",( .,>. -,+6,*.-= c-8,3"%//& "* "662*'/'+&; % +$%87"3 8$,-,*.%."'* '( .7, -2#0 i,3. 6%..,$ 62-. B,8"3. 3,$.%"* 8$'3,--,- %*B .7,"$ 8$'+$,--"'* .7$'2+7 ."6, %*B B"((,$,*. 87%-,- %\,// %- .7, "*.,$%3."'*- #,.\,,* % *26#,$ '( B"((,$0 ,*. -2#-.%*3,- %*B ,/,6,*.-= @* '$B,$ .' 8$,-,*. %* 2*6"-.%?%#/, 8"3.2$, '( .7,-, f8$'.%+'*"-.-;g .7, +$%87"3 B,-"+*,$- 62-. 3$,%., %$37,.&8%/ 6'B,/%*B -?"//(2//& 2-, 3'/'$- .' ,*-2$, % 3/,%$ 2*B,$0 -.%*B"*+ '( .7, -2#i,3. 6%..,$= I, 7%5, 6%"*/& 3'*0 3,*.$%.,B '* 7%$6'*"K%."'* '( .7, 3'/'$ 8/%.,- ('$ B"((,$,*. .'8"3-= 97, +'%/ \%- .' ,*-2$, .7%. .7, 5"0 -2%/ ,/,6,*.- \,$, *'. '5,$/'%B,B \".7 "*.,$*%/ -.$23.2$,- %*B .' 7%5, .7, "*B"5"B2%/ 8",3,- 3'60 #"*, .' ('$6 % 6'-%"3 \7'/,= 97"- \%- -'6,."6,%37",5,B %. .7, ,>8,*-, '( %,-.7,."3-; %*B .7,$, ""*,5".%#/& % 3,$.%"* /'-- '( %*%.'6"3%/ B,.%"/=

42, .' -8%3, /"6".%."'*- %*B .7, ,687%-"- '* 720 6%* 6,B"3"*,; .7, #''? 6%"*/& ('32-,- '* 726%* "662*'/'+&h -8%3, B',- *'. 8,$6". 2- .' 8$,-,*. %// %$,%- '( .7, "66,*-, (",/B '( "662*'/'+& "* .7,"$ ,*."$,.&= E *26#,$ '( ,>3,//,*. .,>.#''?- '( "662*'/'+& %$, %/$,%B& '* .7, 6%$?,.= J'6, '( '2$ 3'//,%+2,- 6%& 8$,(,$ % 6'$, 3'68$,7,*-"5, 8$,-,*.%."'* '( .7, -2#i,3. 6%..,$= I, 62-. %/-' $,0 6,6#,$ .7, ,*'$6'2- B,5,/'86,*.- "* "662*'0 /'+"3%/ $,-,%$37; .7, 3'*-.%*. B"-3'5,$& '( *,\ "*0 ('$6%."'* %*B 8$'3,--,- .7%. %$, -."// 2*3/,%$ .'B%&; #2. \"// -''* #, \,// 2*B,$-.''B= E 3'*-.%*. ,>0 37%*+, '( 8%$%B"+6- "- .%?"*+ 8/%3,; ,-8,3"%//& '* .7, -2#i,3. '( .'/,$%*3, %*B %2.'"662*".&= 97, 32$0 $,*. ,B"."'* 3%**'. 8$'5"B, (2// 3'5,$%+, '( .7"- *,\ "*('$6%."'*= I, *%.2$%//& 7'8, .7%. .7,$, \"// #, 6%*& (2.2$, ,B"."'*- .7%. \"// %//'\ 2- .' $,5"-, .7, 3'*.,*.- '( .7, #''? .' ?,,8 %#$,%-. '( .7, /%.,-. %B5%*3,-= I, \'2/B +$,%./& %88$,3"%., %*& -2++,-0 ."'*-; %BB"."'*-; %*B 3'$$,3."'*- 8$'8'-,B #& .7, $,%B,$- '( .7"- 3'/'$ %./%-= J8$"*+ TUUV

)*+,-./0,$1*+ 2/+3*4&*+; A,$/"* 5(&'($' 6*77/&&'; A,$/"* 8/0+1*( 9$+&:; 4%$6-.%B.

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

"!!!

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d2,-."'*- "* 3/"*"3%/ 6,B"3"*, %*B /%#'$%.'$& 8$%3."3,=

97, 5.'"%.$"%< .--5&8.$&"#) -,3."'* B,-3$"#,.7, 6'-. "68'$.%*. .,-. -&-.,6- "* "662*'/'+&= f)'*5,*."'*%/g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

97, 2(#6.,0#$.5 -%&-50) -,3."'* #,+"*- \".7 .7, '$+%*- '( .7, "662*, -&-.,6; ('//'\,B #& % B,0 -3$"8."'* '( .7, $,/,5%*. 3,//- '( .7, "662*, -&-.,6 %*B .7, 6,37%*"-6- #& \7"37 9 %*B A /&687'3&.,%3d2"$, 7"+7 /,5,/- '( -8,3"("3".&= J2$(%3, 6'/,32/,%$, B,-3$"#,B "* B,.%"/ "* B,(,$,*3, .' .7, ,*'$0 6'2- ,687%-"- 8/%3,B '* .7,6 "* 6'-. "662*'0 /'+"3%/ 82#/"3%."'*-= E B,-3$"8."'* '( %33,--'$& 3,//%*B *%.2$%/ ?"//,$ 3,//- ('//'\-= S,>.; .7, 726%* /&687'3&., %*."+,* -&-.,6 "- %*%/&K,B; ('//'\,B #& .7, 8$"*3"8/,- '( %*."+,* 8$'3,--"*+ %*B 7&8,$0 -,*-"."5".& $,%3."'*-= E2.'"662*".& %*B .'/,$%*3, %$, B,-3$"#,B "* .7, /%-. 8%$. '( .7, -,3."'*=

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

!7

!"-&2-&( #$%&'()%*'+ ,-.%/.0+)1 D10 +,,(#0 K<)$0, ============================================================ L L%&7&# "2 !055) "2 $10 +,,(#0 K<)$0, Q5,$5",\ ======================================================================================= T L%7.#) "2 $10 M<,-1.$&8 K<)$0, Q5,$5",\ ======================================================================================= X 97&62- =========================================================================================== Z 1,$"87,$%/ Q$+%*- ==================================================================== N D@M<,-1"8<$0 N0;05"-,0#$ .#6 N&220%0#$&.$&"# 9 ),// 4,5,/'86,*. ============================================================== LU 90),// J,/,3."'* ======================================================================== LT 90),// W,3,8.'$- ======================================================================= LX 90),// E*."+,*- ========================================================================= LZ 90),// E3."5%."'* ====================================================================== LN 9_L %*B 9_T ),//- =================================================================== TU C@M<,-1"8<$0 N0;05"-,0#$ .#6 N&220%0#$&.$&"# A0),// Q*.'+,*,-"- ================================================================ TT D,$6"*%/ ),*.,$ W,%3."'* ================================================ TX @662*'+/'#2/"*- =================================================================== TZ @662*'+/'#2/"* )/%--,- =================================================== TN @662*'+/'#2/"* D,*, Q$+%*"K%."'* ========================= VU @662*'+/'#2/"* D,*, 1$'B23. c>8$,--"'* ========== VT @68'$.%*. A0),// E*."+,*- ================================================ VX !055O!055 +#$0%.8$&"#) @*.,$%3."'*- #,.\,,* 9 ),//%*B E*."+,*08$,-,*."*+ ),//- ========================================= VZ /"#)-08&2&8 N020#)0 !055) S%.2$%/ P"//,$ ),//- ================================================================ VN

P"#"8<$0) .#6 N0#6%&$&8 !055) 97, 17%+'3&., J&-.,6 ======================================================== XU <'*'3&., C2*3."'* %*B E*."+,*- =============================== XT 4,*B$"."3 ),// 1'82/%."'*- ================================================ XX 4) <%.2$%."'*O )7%*+,- "* 17,*'.&8, %*B C23."'* ================================================================================ XZ QMF K<)$0, RPQ! K<)$0,S D,*'6"3 Q$+%*"K%."'* '( .7, _!E )'68/,> ======== XN _!E <'/,32/, J.$23.2$, %*B )/%-- @ E//,/,- ========== bU _!E <'/,32/,-O )/%-- @@ E//,/,- `@@a ============================= bT <_) )/%-- @@0B,8,*B,*. E*."+,* 1$,-,*.%."'* == bX <_) )/%-- @0B,8,*B,*. E*."+,* 1$,-,*.%."'* === bZ D10 !",-50,0#$ K<)$0, E3."5%."'* %*B c((,3.'$- ===================================================== bN W,+2/%."'* %*B c((,3.- ======================================================== ZU +##.$0 +,,(#&$< 1%.7'+,*0%--'3"%.,B <'/,32/%$ 1%..,$*- ================ ZT M0(3"8<$0 P&7%.$&"# !,2?'3&., EB7,-"'* %*B <"+$%."'* =========================== ZX G.$1"5"7&8.5 +,,(#0 P081.#&),) .#6 D"50%.#80 _&8,$-,*-"."5".& W,%3."'*- =============================================== ZZ @*B23."'* %*B 1$,-,$5%."'* '( 9'/,$%*3, ================ ZN <,37%*"-6- '( E2.'"662*".& `@a =============================== YU <,37%*"-6- '( E2.'"662*".& `@@a ============================= YT F-"-$")&) E8'8.'-"- ===================================================================================== YX

2'34-'*4-5 600+./'*.4%1 F#$&70#OF#$&'"6< +#$0%.8$&"#) 4,("*"."'*- %*B 1$,3"8".%."'* 9,37*"d2,- ============== YZ 9,37*"d2,- '( c/,3.$'87'$,-"- ====================================== YN E++/2."*%."'* 9,37*"d2,-[)'68/,6,*.0 #"*B"*+ W,%3."'* ==================================================================== NU c!@JE; W@E; %*B @662*'#/'.."*+ ================================ NT @662*'(/2'$,-3,*3, ========================================================== NX @662*'7"-.'/'+& ================================================================== NZ

!055(5.% +,,(#&$< ),// @-'/%."'* 9,37*"d2,- ================================================== NN 9,-.- '( 90),// C2*3."'* ===================================================== MU E*."+,*0-8,3"("3 9,-.- ========================================================= MT E--%& 1$'3,B2$,- ('$ )7%$%3.,$"K"*+ E*."+,*0-8,3"("3 9 ),//- ===================================================== MX Q(,"%.5 +,,(#&$< 9,-.- '( A0),// C2*3."'* ==================================================== MZ P"508(5.% C&"5"7&8.5 P0$1"6) E*%/&."3%/ 9,37*"d2,- ========================================================= MN

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

7

84%*)%*1

8+.%./'+ !(($%4+495 +,,(#"602&8&0#8&0) _26'$%/ @662*'B,("3",*3",- =================================== LUU ),//2/%$ @662*'B,("3",*3",- ====================================== LUT D$%*2/'3&."3 4,("3",*3",- ============================================== LUX )'68/,6,*. 4,("3",*3",- %*B 4,(,3.- ================= LUZ _@F J.$23.2$, %*B W,8/"3%."'* =================================== LUN )'2$-, '( _@F @*(,3."'* =================================================== LLU 4"%+*'-"- %*B 9$,%.6,*. '( _@F @*(,3."'* ========= LLT Q0,"5<$&8 N&)0.)0) .#6 !<$"-0#&.) EAQ A/''B D$'28 J&-.,6 ============================================== LLX W7,-2- %*B Q.7,$ A/''B D$'28 J&-.,6- ============ LLZ <,37%*"-6- '( _,6'/&-"%*B E*."#'B& 4,.,3."'* ================================================== LLN E2.'"662*, _,6'/&-"- 42, .' I%$6 E*."#'B",- =============================================================== LTU E2.'"662*, _,6'/&-"- 42, .' )'/B E*."#'B",- =================================================================== LTT 4$2+0"*B23,B _,6'/&-"%*B 9$%*-(2-"'* W,%3."'*- =========================================== LTX E2.'"662*, S,2.$'8,*"%- %*B Q.7,$ )&.'8,*"%- ================================================================ LTZ Q0,.$"5"7&8.5 N&)0.)0) E32., !,2?,6"%- ================================================================= Q5,$5",\ '( !&687'6% )/%--"("3%."'*- =============== _'B+?"*R- 4"-,%-, ============================================================== 90),// !&687'6%- ============================================================= A0),// !&687'6%- ============================================================ 1/%-6% ),// 4&-3$%-"%- ==================================================== <2/."8/, <&,/'6% ============================================================= )$&'+/'#2/"*,6"% =============================================================== E6&/'"B'-"- ============================================================================ D(,"% +,,(#"5"7< 4,.,3."'* %*B @B,*."("3%."'* '( 926'$ E*."+,*- ============================================================ @662*, c-3%8, <,37%*"-6- '( 926'$ E*."+,*- =================================================================================== @662*'.7,$%8,2."3 J.$%.,+",- `@a =========================== @662*'.7,$%8,2."3 J.$%.,+",- `@@a ========================== D%.#)-5.#$.$&"# "2 F($"5"7"() A'*, <%$$'\[_,6%.'8'",."3 J.,6 ),//- =========== 9$%*-8/%*.%."'* '( E//'+,*"3 A'*, <%$$'\[_,6%.'8'",."3 J.,6 ),//- =========== )/"*"3%/ E-8,3.- '( Q$+%* 9$%*-8/%*.%."'* ========= @662*'/'+"3%/ E-8,3.- '( Q$+%* 9$%*-8/%*.%."'* ====================================================================

LTN LVU LVT LVX LVN LXT LXX LXZ LXN

LbU LbT LbX LbZ LbN LZU LZT LZX

P()8(5")3050$.5 N&)0.)0) )/"*"3%/ C,%.2$,- '( W7,26%.'"B E$.7$"."- ========== LZZ J&*'5"%/ )7%*+,- "* W7,26%.'"B E$.7$"."- ======= LZN

1%.7'+,*,-"- '( W7,26%.'"B E$.7$"."- `@a ============ LYU 1%.7'+,*,-"- '( W7,26%.'"B E$.7$"."- `@@a ========== LYT G25,*"/, )7$'*"3 E$.7$"."- ============================================== LYX )/"*"3%/ C,%.2$,- '( J8'*B&/%$.7$"."- ======================= LYZ 1%.7'+,*,-"- '( J8'*B&/%$.7$"."- ============================= LYN D'2.; 1'/&37'*B$"."- %*B A,73j,.R- J&*B$'6, == LNU F($".#$&'"6&0) E2.'%*."#'B& 1%..,$*- ==================================================== LNT !"##08$&;0 D&))(0 N&)0.)0 .#6 T.)8(5&$&) )/"*"3%/ C,%.2$,- '( J!c ================================================== 1%.7'+,*,-"- '( J!c ========================================================== J3/,$'B,$6% %*B <">,B )'**,3."5, 9"--2, 4"-,%-, ====================================================================== Ji'H+$,*R- J&*B$'6, ========================================================== <&'-"."3 4"-,%-,- =============================================================== D,*,$%/ )/%--"("3%."'* '( F%-32/"."- ========================= @662*, F%-32/"."B,%*B 1'/&%$.,$"."- S'B'-% =============================================== D"%*. ),// E$.,$"."- =============================================================

LNX LNZ LNN LMU LMT LMX LMZ LMN

K3&# N&)0.)0) :$."3%$"% ==================================================================================== TUU )'*.%3. E//,$+",- ================================================================= TUT E.'8"3 4,$6%."."%*B !,2?'3&.'3/%-."3 F%-32/"."- ================================= TUX 1-'$"%-"- %*B A2//'2- J?"* 4"-,%-,- ======================= TUZ ?.)$%"&#$0)$&#.5 N&)0.)0) E.$'87"3 D%-.$"."-; I7"88/,R- 4"-,%-, %*B J8$2, ================================================================================ TUN )7$'*"3 @*(/%66%.'$& A'\,/ 4"-,%-,- ================ TLU E2.'"662*, !"5,$ 4"-,%-,- ======================================== TLT A0)-&%.$"%< N&)0.)0) A$'*37"%/ E-.76% %*B E//,$+"3 W7"*"."- ================ TLX J%$3'"B'-"- %*B @B"'8%.7"3 12/6'*%$& C"#$'-"- ============================================================ TLZ c>.$"*-"3 E//,$+"3 E/5,'/"."- =========================================== TLN 92#,$32/'-"- =========================================================================== TTU A0#.5 N&)0.)0) @662*'/'+"3%/ <,37%*"-6- ======================================= TTT D/'6,$2/'*,87$"."."- `@a ================================================= TTX D/'6,$2/'*,87$"."- `@@a %*B @*.,$-."."%/ S,87$"."- ========================================================= TTZ P0$.'"5&8 N&)0.)0) E2.'"662*, 97&$'"B 4"-,%-,- ================================= TTN 4"%#,.,- <,//".2- %*B E2.'"662*, 1'/&+/%*B2/%$ J&*B$'6, =============== TVU

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

84%*)%*1 Q0.%$ N&)0.)0 W7,26%."3 C,5,$; <&'3%$B"."-; %*B 1'-."*(%$3."'* J&*B$'6, ====================================== TVT /0(%"5"7&8.5 N&)0.)0) <2/."8/, J3/,$'-"- ================================================================ TVX E2.'%*."#'B&06,B"%.,B 4"-,%-,- ============================= TVZ <&%-.7,*"% D$%5"- %*B !%6#,$.kc%.'* J&*B$'6, ============================================= TVN L-1$1.5,&8 N&)0.)0) E*%.'6& %*B 1%.7'+,*,-"- ========================================== c>.$%'32/%$ @*(/%66%."'*- ============================================ :5,"."- `@a ================================================================================== :5,"."- `@@a %*B Q32/%$ <%*"(,-.%."'*'( J&-.,6"3 4"-,%-, ===========================================================

TXU TXT TXX

7!

A0-%"6(8$&"# +,,(#"5"7< W,8$'B23."'* @662*'/'+& =========================================== TXN T.88&#.$&"#) Q5,$5",\ ================================================================================== TbU S,\ F%33"*,- ========================================================================= TbT +,,(#0 G1.%,.8"5"7< S'*-.,$'"B%/ E*."0"*(/%66%.'$& 4$2+%*B D/23'3'$."3'"B- =========================================================== E*."6,.%#'/".,-; )&3/'87'-87%6"B,; J2/(%-%/%K"*,; %*B D'/B =================================================== )&3/'-8'$"* E; <&3'87,*'/%.,; %*B !,(/2*'6"B, ================================================================== <'*'3/'*%/ %*B 1'/&3/'*%/ E*."#'B",- ================

TbX TbZ TbN TZU

TXZ

600)%&.: 9%#/,- ========================================================================================== TZT D/'--%$& ===================================================================================== VUU

C2$.7,$ W,%B"*+ ==================================================================== VUZ @*B,> ============================================================================================ VUN

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

7!!

%47-"8#25.+2-&( 97, %2.7'$- .7%*? 1$'(,--'$ C%/? _",8,; 4$= J2-%**, 1$",6; 4$= A$2*' J.27/62H//,$; %*B 4$= A,$*7%$B 97",/,; 4,8%$.6,*. '( <,B"3"*,; W7,20 6%.'/'+& %*B )/"*"3%/ @662*'/'+&; )7%$".,e _'-8"0 .%/; ('$ .7,"$ 7,/8 "* 8$,8%$"*+ .7, /%#'$%.'$& -,30 ."'*= Q2$ -8,3"%/ .7%*?- +' .' 1$'(,--'$ _%*-0 c#,$7%$B F'H/?,$ %*B 1$'(,--'$ _,$$6%** P$%-.,/; 4,8%$.6,*. '( Q87.7%/6'/'+&; :*"5,$-".& '( _,"B,/#,$+; ('$ .7,"$ 7,/8(2/ -2++,-."'*- %*B ('$ -288/&"*+ -/"B,- '* "662*'/'+"3%/ B"-,%-,- '( .7, ,&,; %*B .' 1$'(,--'$ I'/(+%*+ J37*,"B,$; _,%B '( .7, 1%.7'/'+"3%/ @*-.".2.,; P$%*?,*7%2A,$/"* A237; ('$ 7"- 3'*-.$23."5, 3'66,*.- %*B % *26#,$ '( 87'.'+$%87- '* "662*'/'+"3%/ B"-,%-,'( .7, ?"B*,&=

F%/2%#/, 87'.'+$%87- %*B -/"B,- \,$, %/-' 8$'0 5"B,B #& 4$= E*B$,%- A$,".#%$.; 4,8%$.6,*. '( _,6%.'/'+&; :*"5,$-".& '( :/6; 4$= :\, 1/,&,$; 4,8%$.6,*. '( Q87.7%/6'/'+&; )7%$".,e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l8".%/ G2/,- D'*"*; !%2-%**,=

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

7!!!

96(& ") %00$2:6'&6"-( EE E# E)c E)7 E4)) E+ E@4J E@_E E@!4 E!)! E!! E!9 E<E E
%6"*' %3"B %*."#'B& %*+"'.,*-"*03'*5,$."*+ ,*K&6, %3,.&/37'/"*, %*."#'B&0B,8,*B,*. 3,//06,B"%.,B 3&.'.'>"3".& %*."+,* %3d2"$,B "662*'B,("3",*3& -&*B$'6, %2.'"662*, 7,6'/&."3 %*,6"% %*+"'"662*'#/%-."3 /&687%B,*'8%.7& \".7 B&-8$'.,"*,6"% %*%8/%-."3 /%$+,03,// /&687'6% %32., /&687'#/%-."3 /,2?,6"% %/%*"*, %6"*'.$%*-(,$%-, %*."6".'37'*B$"%/ %*."#'B& %32., 6&,/'"B /,2?,6"% %*."*23/,%$ %*."#'B& %*."*,2.$'87"/ 3&.'8/%-6"3 %*."#'B& %/?%/"*, 87'-87%.%-, %*."+,*08$,-,*."*+ 3,// E@4J0$,/%.,B 3'68/,> %-8%$.%., %6"*'.$%*-(,$%-, #$'*37'%/5,'/%$ /%5%+, #$'*372-0%--'3"%.,B /&687'"B ."--2, #%3"//2- )%/6,..,kD2,e$"* A03,// $,3,8.'$ 3'68/,6,*. (%3.'$ ( 3'66'* %32., /&687'#/%-."3 /,2?,6"%0%--'3"%.,B %*."+,* 3'68/,6,*.0#"*B"*+ $,%3."'* 3/2-.,$ '( B"((,$,*."%."'* 3'68/,6,*.%$".&0B,.,$6"*"*+ $,+"'* 3'/'*&0('$6"*+ 2*". 37$'*"3 /&687%."3 /,2?,6"% 3&.'6,+%/'5"$23&3/''>&+,*%-, 3'68/,6,*. $,3,8.'$ )0$,%3."5, 8$'.,"* 3'/'*&0-."62/%."*+ (%3.'$ 3&.'.'>"3 9 /&687'3&., 3'66'* 5%$"%#/, "662*, B,("3",*3& "*.$%3&.'8/%-6"3 B%/.'* B,3%&0%33,/,$%."*+ (%3.'$ B,*B$"."3 3,// 37$'6'-'6%/ B,/,."'* B"87.7,$"%; 8,$.2--"-; .,.%*2-

49 49_ cEc cE: cAF c) c)1 cDC c!@JE c<E cSE cW cJW CE)J C3`!k"aW C4) CD_ C@J_ C@9) DE4 DE!9 DA< D)4) D0)JC D<0)JC DS D1@ DF_4 DF! _E<E _)F _4 _cF _@F _!E 7-8 _JF _9!F @) @)E< @)c @4) @44< @CS @+

B"87.7,$"%; .,.%*2- `5%33"*%."'*a B,/%&,B0.&8, 7&8,$-,*-"."5".& ,>8,$"6,*.%/ %2.'"662*, ,*3,87%/".",>8,$"6,*.%/ %2.'"662*, 25,'$,."*"."c8-.,"*k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`,((,3.a 726%* %*."62$"*, %*."#'B& 7,8%."."- ) 5"$2_'B+?"*R- B"-,%-, 7"+7 ,*B'.7,/"%/ 5,*2/,726%* "662*'B,("3",*3& 5"$2726%* /,2?'3&., %*."+,* 7,%.0-7'3? 8$'.,"* 7,$8,- -"68/,> 5"$2726%* 90/&687'.$'8"3 5"$2"662*, 3'68/,> "*.,$3,//2/%$ %B7,-"'* 6'/,32/, "*.,$/,2?"*0L&03'*5,$."*+ ,*K&6, "*.,$B"+".%."*+ 3,// "*-2/"*0B,8,*B,*. B"%#,.,- 6,//".2"*.,$(,$'* "662*'+/'#2/"*

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

7!" @! @!9 "*5 @WEP @WA1 @9E< @9@< @91 @F@D G)E GWE ?4% P@W ! !E< !A! !) !)C !CE !D! !@W !P< !1J !9W <E# <ED <E!9 <EJ1
"*.,$/,2?"* @+0/"?, .$%*-3$"8. 37$'6'-'6%/ "*5,$-"'* @!0L $,3,8.'$0%--'3"%.,B ?"*%-, "*.,$87'.'$,3,8.'$ $,."*'"B0#"*B"*+ 8$'.,"* "662*'$,3,8.'$ .&$'-"*,0#%-,B %3."5%."'* 6'."( "662*'$,3,8.'$ .&$'-"*,0#%-,B "*7"#"."*+ 6'."( "B"'8%.7"3 .7$'6#'3&.'8,*"3 82$82$% "*.$%5,*'2- "662*'+/'#2/"* .7,$%8& i25,*"/, 37$'*"3 %$.7$"."i25,*"/, $7,26%.'"B %$.7$"."?"/'B%/.'* ?"//,$ 3,// @+0/"?, $,3,8.'$ /"+%*B /"8'%$%#"*'6%**%*, /&687'#/%-."3 /&687'6% !%*+,$7%*- 3,// /&687'3&., 37,6'.%3."3 (%3.'$ /&687'3&., (2*3."'*0%--'3"%.,B %*."+,* /%$+, +$%*2/%$ /&687'3&., /,2?'3&., @+0/"?, $,3,8.'$ /"5,$0?"B*,& 6"3$'-'6%/ %*."#'B& /"8'8'/&-%337%$"B, /'*+ .,$6"*%/ $,8,%.6'*'3/'*%/ %*."#'B& 6&,/"*0%--'3"%.,B +/&3'8$'.,"* 623'-%0%--'3"%.,B /&687'"B ."--2, 6%**%*0#"*B"*+ /,3."*0%--'3"%.,B -,$"*, 8$'.,%-, 6%i'$ #%-"3 8$'.,"* 6'*'3&., 37,6'%..$%3.%*. 8$'.,"* 6'*'3&., 3'/'*&0-."62/%."*+ (%3.'$ 6">,B 3'**,3."5, ."--2, B"-,%-, 6'*'3/'*%/ +%66'8%.7& '( 2*?*'\* -"+*"("3%*3, 6%i'$ 7"-.'3'68%."#"/".& 3'68/,> 6"+$%."'* "*7"#"."'* (%3.'$ 6,6#$%*, "*7"#".'$ '( $,%3."5, /&-"6&,/"* '/"+'B,*B$'3&., +/&3'8$'.,"* 6,6#$%*'8$'/"(,$%."5, +/'6,$20 /'*,87$"."6&,/'8,$'>"B%-, 6'*'*23/,%$ 87%+'3&."3 -&-.,6 *23/,%$ (%3.'$ *23/,%$ (%3.'$0%3."5%.,B 9 3,// *,$5, +$'\.7 (%3.'$ *'*0_'B+?"*R- /&687'6% *%.2$%/ ?"//,$ `3,//a

S1<0E!P *23/,'87'-8%6"*, %*%8/%-."3 /&687'6% ?"*%-, SJE@4 *'*-.,$'"B%/ %*."0"*(/%66%.'$& B$2+1EC 8/%.,/,.0%3."5%."*+ (%3.'$ 1E!J 8,$"%$.,$"'/%$ /&687'3&., -7,%.7 1E<1 8%.7'+,*0%--'3"%.,B 6'/,32/%$ 8%..,$* 1A) 8$"6%$& #"/"%$& 3"$$7'-"1)W 8'/&6,$%-, 37%"* $,%3."'* 14DC 8/%.,/,.0B,$"5,B +$'\.7 (%3.'$ 1c 87&3',$&.7$"* 1cD 8'/&,.7&/,*, +/&3'/ 1C) 8/%d2,0('$6"*+ 3,// 1@AC 8$'+,-.,$'*,0"*B23,B #/'3?"*+ (%3.'$ 1!1 8$'.,'/"8"B 8$'.,"* 1<S 8'/&6'$87'*23/,%$ *,2.$'87"/ +$%*20 /'3&., 1<W 8'/&6&%/+"% $7,26%."3% 8'/&0@+W 8'/&6,$"3 "662*'+/'#2/"* $,3,8.'$ 1Qm 8,$'>"B%-, 1WW 8%..,$* $,3'+*"."'* $,3,8.'$1J) 8$"6%$& -3/,$'-"*+ 37'/%*+"."WE $7,26%.'"B %$.7$"."WcE! $,5"-,B c2$'8,%*0E6,$"3%* /&687'6% 3/%--"("3%."'* WC $7,26%.'"B (%3.'$ W7 $7,-2W@4 $%B"%/ "662*'B"((2-"'* W1DS $%8"B/& 8$'+$,--"5, +/'6,$2/'*,87$"."WW $,/%."5, $"-? WJ W,,BkJ.,$*#,$+ J J5,B#,$+ 2*". JEE -,$26 %6&/'"B E JE1 -,$26 %6&/'"B 1 J)@4 -,5,$, 3'6#"*,B "662*, B,("3",*3& J!c -&-.,6"3 /282- ,$&.7,6%.'-2. `(O(a 37$'6'-'6%/ .$%*-/'3%."'* ($'6 37$'6'-'6, ( .' ( 9E1 .$%*-8'$.,$ %--'3"%.,B \".7 8$,-,*.%."'* 9A@@ 9J_0#"*B"*+ "*7"#"."*+ "662*'+/'#2/"* 9)W 903,// $,3,8.'$ 9B9 .,$6"*%/ B,-'>&$"#'*23/,'.$%*-(,$%-, 9D .7&$'+/'#2/"* 9DC .$%*-('$6"*+ +$'\.7 (%3.'$ 9@! .26'$0"*("/.$%."*+ /&687'3&., 9SC .26'$ *,3$'-"- (%3.'$ 91Q .7&$'"B%/ 8,$'>"B%-, 9JA@ .7&$'"B -."62/%."'*0#/'3?"*+ "662*'0 +/'#2/"* 9J_ .7&$'"B0-."62/%."*+ 7'$6'*, 9J@ .7&$'"B0-."62/%."*+ "662*'+/'#2/"* F)E< 5%-32/%$ 3,// %B7,-"'* 6'/,32/,

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

... Key to Symbols

Antigens

Membrane, phospholipid layer

Receptors

Thymus

TCR

Class I MHC molecule

Class II MHC molecule

Cytokine receptor

Antibody (Ab)

Lymph node

Cellular tissue

Bacteria and viruses

Arrows denoting transportation, effect, and direction

Positive effect

Negative effect

Auto-Ab

Inhibition Blockade

Complement

Signal

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

... Key to Symbols

Stem cell

Plasma cell

B cell

Antigenpresenting cell (APC)

T cell

Natural killer cell (NK cell)

Erythrocyte

Macrophage

Monocyte

Megakaryocyte

Neutrophil granulocyte

Thrombocytes

Basophil granulocyte

, Langerhans cell

Eosinophil granulocyte

Interdigitating dendritic cell

Basophil mast cell

Mature dendritic cell

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

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Ƶ"0 #1 "(-0 1-&0": .-*' 4'1'*0' )&' 5()6#7/"#0'4 9/ %)7()6'0;

-%&'()(' *++,#& -.$/&+ A(' 5'00 #1 037( )* -%%3*' &'05#*0' 5)2'0 "(' >)/ 1#& "(' 05'7-1-7 -%%3*' &'05#*0'; !* ) 05'7-1-7 7/"#$-*' '*2-&#*%'*"< "(' 9#4/ 7)* 4': 7-4' >('"('& "# 5''4 "# ) %#&' (3%#&). .-*' #1 4'1'*0' #& ) %#&' 7'..3.)& .-*' #1 4'1'*0'; A(' %-6&)"-#* #1 )*"-6'*:5&'0'*"-*6 7'..0 B@OPC "# "(' ./%5(#-4 #&6)*0 1-&0" "&-66'&0 ) 0/0"'%-7 -%%3*' &'05#*0'< "('* ) 1$1"%2 %$0+"'0$; A(' 05'7-1-7 -%%3*' 0/0"'% 7#*0-0"-*6 #1 A )*4 Q ./%5(#7/"'0 -0 &'05#*0-9.' 1#& "(-0; A('0' 7'.. 0/0"'%0 7)* 5Ƶ' (-6(./ 05'7-1-7 &')7: "-#*0 "# "('-& &'05'7"-2' )*"-6'*0 )*4 3*4'&6# 7.#*). '85)*0-#*< "(30 )7(-'2-*6 ) (-6(./ '11'7: "-2' &'05#*0' "# )*4 %'%#&/ 1#& "(#0' )*"-6'*0;

! 2,#34+&#/45 67(#'(%5&$

01& *++,#& -.$/&+

"

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " 8

;2'<91+'.9, :$%'8%=,+-

!

"

! >

#$%&%' () *+,,- () ./+ 0112'+ 34-.+1

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

*0'#( ),(3 5"*$ (N&4(** *$%( +(5)14(* $+ %3(6 "$0. #(""*8

5" 6+)+'-+ 7+8/9'%-1- 9&9%'-. 0')+8.%('>,( &40%543 +1'#)0$' $+ ),( 0%%1'( *3*)(% 0* ),( &4$)(#)0$' $+ ),( $425'0*% 5250'*) 0'+(#6 )0$'8 511$*" 3!!613*' 0* 5 %$4( 5'#0(') "0'( $+ .(+('*(/ 7,0#, 0* ,02,"3 #$'*(4=(. -()7((' ),( .0++(4(') *&(#0(*8 D) #$'*0*)* %50'"3 $+ &,56 2$#3)0# #(""*/ -"$$. &4$)(0'*/ 5'. '5)145" ;0""(4 #(""*8 !"" $+ 0)* *)45)(20(* 54( -5*(. $' ),( 4(#$26 '0)0$' $+ )3&0#5" %$"(#1"54 *)41#)14(* ),5) 54( *,54(. 5%$'2 .0++(4(') &5),$2('*8 >,( %(6 #,5'0*%* $+ 0''5)( 0%%1'0)3 54( .(&"$3(. *,$4)"3 5+)(4 ),( -$.3 ,5* -((' 0'=5.(. -3 5 &5),$2('O1*15""3 70),0' ,$14*8 P,52$#3)$*0* 0* ),( %50' %(#,5'0*%* $+ 0'6 '5)( 0%%1'0)38 D' ),0* &4$#(**/ ),( %0#4$$425'6 0*% 0* #$5)(. 70), -"$$. #$%&$'(')* *1#, 5* #$%&"(%(')/ 7,0#, 0'.1#(* "3*0* $+ ),( 0'=5.(4 $4 ),( 4("(5*( $+ #3)$)$N0# "3)0# ('Q3%(* +4$% ;0""(4 #(""*8 72$4*38" 3!!613*'/ ),( &,3"$2('()0#5""3 %$.(4' %(#,5'0*%/ 0* -5*(. $' ),( &4(*('#( $+ 4(#(&)$4* ),5) 54( ,02,"3 *&(#0+0# +$4 #(4)50' 4(20$'* :(&0)$&(*< $+ ),( &5),$2('*8 >,(*( 4(6 #(&)$4* 54( (0),(4 #(""6-$1'. :> "3%&,$#3)(* 5'. *$%( L "3%&,$#3)(*< $4 *(#4()(. :5')0-$6 .0(* &4$.1#(. -3 L "3%&,$#3)(*<8 ! *0'2"( > $4 L "3%&,$#3)( &4$"0+(45)(* 5'. &4$.1#(* "542( R15')0)0(* $+ 0.(')0#5" .512,)(4 #(""* :#"$'5" (N6 &5'*0$'<8 >,0* *&(#0+0# 4(*&$'*( &4$#(** )5;(* .53* )$ 7((;*8

*" :,9-.%8%.4 () 3.+1 *+,,9,(' &4(*(') 0' *&(#05"0Q(. )0**1(/ ,(%5)$6 &$0()0# &4$2('0)$4 #(""* #5' .0++(4(')05)( 0')$ =540$1* .0++(4(') -"$$. #(""* $4 )0**1(6*&(#0+0# #(""*/ *1#, 5* ,(&5)$#3)(*/ '(14$'*/ %1*#"( #(""*/ $4 ('.$),("05" #(""*8 >,( *02'5"* ),5) 4(26 1"5)( ),(04 .0++(4(')05)0$' 0')$ *&(#05"0Q(. #(""* 54( *)0"" "542("3 1';'$7'8 ?(%5)$&$0()0# *)(% #(""* #04#1"5)( 0' *%5"" '1%-(4* 0' ),( &(406 &,(45" -"$$.8 >,(3 54( %$4&,$"$20#5""3 0'.0*6 )0'210*,5-"( +4$% *%5"" "3%&,$#3)(*8

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

#?+$?%+@

CD34+

Pluripotent stem cell

Myeloid progenitor

Megakaryocyte

!

Lymphoid progenitor

Myeloblast

T-cell precursor

Monoblast

Thymus

B-cell precursor

Platelets B lymphocytes

P

h

Erythrocytes

a

g

o

c

y

t

e

s T lymphocytes

Basophils Eosinophils

Dendritic Neutrophils Monocytes cells A. Origin of cells of the immune system Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Infectious agents

Phagocytes

Natural killer cells

;2'<91+'.9, :$%'8%=,+-

Erythroblast

"

Generation of specific receptors

Natural killer cells Blood components Hours

Days, weeks

B. Defense mechanisms against infections CD34+

Hematopoietic stem cell

Hepatocytes Neurons C. Plasticity of stem cells

Cardiomyocytes Smooth muscle cells

Endothelial cells

Skeletal muscle cells

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " A

9&6:0.(6$05 ;%16'1/5(2

!

"

! <

7%8062 )* $+( ,-./+0$1' #-2$(.

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

./+*-010--*+20",3 %&'()*23 "2--/, 4.56!7 1( 4 &$""'&31$. $+ "9-*8431& &'""( 1. 38' (0#-0&$(4" 31((0' $+ 38' <4(3,$1.3'(31.4" >QJ? 3,4&3/ #,$.&814" 3,4&3/ 0,1.4,9 3,4&3/ 4.% "42 &,1-4" <"4.%(6 R,<4.1E'% "9-*8$1% 31((0' >'6<6/ 3$.(1"( $, S'9',T( *43&8'(? 4.% 4 "4,<' .0-#', $+ "9-*8431& &'""( "$$('"9 %1(3,1#03'% 38,$0<82 $03 38' *',1&4*1""4,9 4.% *',1'.%$38'"14" 31((0' &4. #' +$0.% 38','6

3" ,-./+0$1' 4('1%'&50$1)6 78' &'""( $+ 38' "9-*8431& (9(3'- &1,&0"43' &$.2 31.0$0("9 4.% ,'4&8 4"" *4,3( $+ 38' #$%9 5138 4 +'5 'U&'*31$.( >'6<6/ )13,'$0( #$%9/ #,41./ 3'(312 &"'(?6 78'9 ,'4&8 38' "9-*8 .$%'(/ (;1./ 4.% 1.2 3'(31.' )14 4 (*'&14"1E'% '.%$38'"10- $+ *$(3&42 *1""4,9 )'.0"'(/ 38' ($2&4""'% )1<8 ,.%$38'"14" 8'.0"'( >9:;?6 78' &'""( $+ 381( '.%$38'"104,' -0&8 81<8', 384. .$,-4" '.%$38'"14" &'""(6 78'9 'U*,'(( 81<8 "')'"( $+ 4%8'(1$. -$"'&0"'( 3843 (',)' 4( 8$-1.< ,'&'*3$,( +$, "9-*8$2 &93'(6 J. ,'(*$.(' 3$ &',341. &8'-$34&31& +4&2 3$,(/ "9-*8$&93'( -1<,43' 3$ 38' 0.%',"91.< 31(2 (0' >%14*'%'(1(?6 78' "9-*8431& &'""( ,''.3', 38' &1,&0"431$. 38,$0<8 '++','.3 "9-*8 )'(('"( 3843 -',<' 1.3$ 38' 38$,4&1& %0&36 78' "9-*8$2 &93'( '.3', 38' (*"''. )14 4,3',1$"'( 4.% (1.02 ($1%( 4.% 'U13 38' $,<4. )14 38' (*"'.1& )'1.6

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

7=(%=1(> Ontogenesis

Primary lymphoid organs Progenitor cell Medulla

Secondary lymphoid organs

Epithelium IL-1 IL-2 Dendritic IL-6 cells IL-7 Macrophages

Cortex

!

Spleen

T lymphocytes

Thymus

T lymphocytes

Bone marrow

B lymphocytes

9&6:0.(6$05 ;%16'1/5(2

Fetal liver

Myelopoietic progenitor cell Pluripotent stem cell ? Lymph nodes

Lymphatic progenitor cell Progenitor cell Sinus IL-1 IL-6 IL-7 Stroma

Erythron

B lymphocyte

"

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

A. Structure of the lymphoid system

Liver

Lung

Skin

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Peyer´s patches

Spleen

Peripheral lymph nodes

Efferent lymphatics

B. Lymphatic recirculation

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " ?

!

456$#3 &/ %0+ 7('.0$%89 :(3%+' !"# $"%&'( )( $"# *#+$,-. /,0-+ 1/, $"# 2)11#,3 #+$)-$)/+ -+2 1'+*$)/+-. &-$',-$)/+ /1 ! .%&3 4"/*%$#(5 6)7# $"# 8/+# &-,,/9 -+2 8',(- /1 :-8,)*)'( ;)+ 8),2(<= )$ )( /+# /1 $"# 4,)&-,% .%&4"/)2 /,0-+( -+2 )( 2)($)+0')("#2 1,/& (#*/+2-,% .%&4"/)2 /,0-+(= ('*" -( $"# (4.##+= .%&4" +/2#(= -+2 &'*/(-3-((/*)-$#2 .%&3 4"/)2 $)(('#5

;2#)$'+#%$- <58#98.-+3

!" !#$%&'( $#) *+,+-&.'+#% &/ %0+ 10('23

"

! =

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

10('23

40

Lung

30 Weight (g)

Thyroid gland Large vessels

Heart

Fat and connective tissue

Cortex

20

!

10

0 5 10 Age/months

1. Position of the thymus

10

20 30 Age/years

40

90

2. Growth curve

Hassall’s body

Fat Hassall’s body

Interlobular connective tissue (trabecula)

Thymic parenchyma Interlobular connective tissue

;2#)$'+#%$- <58#98.-+3

Medulla 0

Diaphragm

"

Cortex Medulla

4. Thymus of an adult

3. Thymus of a newborn Thymocytes

Cortex

Medulla

Thymocytes Epithelial cells

Epithelial cells Interlobular connective tissue

5. Histology

Hassall’s body

A. Anatomy and development of the thymus

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

Hassall’s body

! " >

@&.482(.$8- A%:.':,-(5

!

"

! B

>%?8.5 )* $+( 012,+8$:' #15$(2

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�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� 4%30.*,)1 20((#3(%4: ;"(9" 9/')*(' * ,#+.('*& 9#')#+ .*0# /A 3&*$)(9 #&#.#')$ 19#')+/9-)#$

*'0 9#')+/3&*$)$= *'0 * .*')&# 2/'# .*0# /A $.*&& &-.%"/9-)#$>

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�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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

A(%:,+(%8- >%?8.5

Germinal center

White pulp

Sinus

Lymphoid follicle

Arteriole Follicular mantle

Mantle zone

Marginal zone

Marginal zone

B

B Periarterial lymphatic sheath

1. Anatomic structure

B T

B Germinal center

T

T

T

2. Cross-section through arteriole and follicle; lymphocyte circulation

A. Structure of the spleen Capsule

Secondary follicle Paracortex

Marginal sinus Interfollicular sinus

Afferent lymphatic

Medullary sinus Primary follicle

@&.482(.$8- A%:.':,-(5

Red pulp

!

"

Efferent lymphatic

1. Inactive lymph node

2. Active lymph node

B. Structure of the lymph node Follicle center

M cells

Mantle zone

Follicle-associated epithelial cells Dome region

T-cell zone

Postcapillary venule Muscular mucosa

Efferent lymphatic

1. GALT: Gut-associated1. lymphoid tissue; Peyer’s patch C. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

2. BALT: Bronchus-associated 2. lymphoid tissue

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " C

=&*<$5.*%$/ 2'(*-(8/.0

!

"

! >?

,:;4583)-4%. 6.7./)85.*% $*< 6(++.'.*%($%()*

!" #$%&'$%()* )+ , -.//0

9" 6.7./)85.*% )+ #$%&'. , 9.//0

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

Q)*#" 5#34< "#-#!'#8 34*( *+# %3"%&-!*3(4= *+# 0!*&"# , %#--' &48#"<( )&"*+#" 83))#"#4*3!*3(4 34 *+# 5-((8 !48 -/0$+!*3% '/'*#0: ,+#'# ,-./# 0 *#11+ %3"%&-!*# &4*3- !4*3<#4 %(4*!%* +!' 5##4 #'*!5-3'+#8 (&*'38# *+# -/0$+(38 ("
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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

,:9.// 6.7./)85.*%

3. Branchial pouch 1.

Thymus

Thymic epithelial cell

Epithelial component

– thymulin – thymosin "1 – thymopoietin – etc.

Thymic hormone

2.

!

3. Circulation

4.

Thymocytes

Mature T cells

Location

A. Maturation of T cells Fetal liver Bone marrow Prethymocytes

Thymus Early thymocyte

Mature thymocyte

General thymocyte CD4 CD2

CD4 CD8

Cell

TCR

TCR

CD2

CD3 CD5

CD7

CD3 CD7

CD1

CD8

CD7 CD2

(CD1)

CD5

TCR CD2

CD3

Marker

TCR

CD5 CD7

Rearrangement of TCR!

Transcription of TCR! rearrangement of TCR#

Cell surface expression of TCR!,", #

Mainly expression of TCR",#

TdT enzyme

TdT, CD2, CD7

TdT, CD1, CD2, CD3, CD5, CD4 and CD8

TH: CD2, CD5, CD7, CD3, CD4 TC: CD2, CD5, CD7, CD3, CD8 Single positive

(CD1)

Double positive

Double negative

=&*<$5.*%$/ 2'(*-(8/.0

Progenitor cell (pre-thymocytes) (bone marrow, fetal liver)

"

B. Phases of thymocyte development CD3 CD8 Cytotoxic T cell CD2, 5, 7, TCR",# CD3 CD4 T-helper cell

Thymus (see B)

CD2, 5, 7, TCR",#

CD3 CD4 CD45RA

Naive T cell

CD2, 5, 7, TCR",# CD3 CD4 CD45RO CD29 CD2, 5, 7, TCR",#

Mature T cell in blood and lymphoid system

C. Development of mature T cells

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

Memory T cell

! " >>

!

./64+7&,%43$ 8$9$1,7+$(3 '(: 8)--$;$(3)'3),( !"# $"%&'( #)('*#( $"+$ &,($ ! -#..( $"+$ +*# *#.#+(#/ 0)$, $"# -0*-'.+$0,) 1')-$0,) 0) -,)2 3')-$0,) 40$" $"# -,**#(5,)/0)6 !"#$% &'()$* +$!,")'-'.')/ +$!,.01 789:; 6#)#( ,1 $"# <,/%=( 0&&')# (%($#& <'$ /, ),$ 0/#)$01% #)2 /,6#),'( ('<($+)-#( +( 1,*#06) &+$#*0+.>

<5(:'+$(3'1 =;)(%)71$*

!" #$%&'()*+* ,- ./0$11 2$1$%3),( )( 3&$ .&4+5*

"

! >?

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

./0$11 2$1$%3),(

<5(:'+$(3'1 =;)(%)71$*

Prethymocytes

Thymic epithelial cells MHC molecule TCR

A

B Dendritic cell

"

D C

D

Autoantigen

!

(No binding)

Thymus with maturing thymic cells

Thymocyte (type)

Self-MHC binding

Autoantigen recognition

Fate

A

Missing or weak

_

B

Strong

_

Cell death

C

Moderate

Yes

Cell death

D

Moderate

No

Complete maturation

Cell death

Mature immunocompetent T cell

A. Mechanisms of T-cell selection in the thymus

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " >@

08/?12&/+1' <-3/)3*'&4

!

"

! CD

#$@A2*9,)A+& :&B&',*2&/+ 1/? :377&-&/+31+3,/

!" #$%&'' (&)&*+,- .&/& 0123'3&4 !"#$% &!' %() *+,% &"' -$%.(/ %0+ ,$+ 12/, -2112("3 +4#0+//+) 567 8+(+/9 567#:$ ./ +4; #0+//+) 2( .11%,<0+ 5 -+""/ %() 2( % 1.(20.,3 2= 5-+""/ .( ,$+ #+0.#$+0%" *"22)9 !"#$% %() *+,% -$%.(/ %0+ "2-%,+) 2( -$0212/21+ >?@ A$+0+%/ )+",% %() 8%11% -$%.(/ %0+ /.,<%,+) 2( -$02; 12/21+ B9 C.1."%0"3 ,2 ,$+ .11<(28"2*<".(/@ ,$+ D%0.%*"+ 0+8.2(/ 2= ,$+ 5;-+"" 0+-+#,20 %0+ "2-%,+) 2( D%0.2
J( -2(,0%/, ,2 ,$+ ! %() " -$%.(/@ ,$+ # %() $ -$%.(/ %0+ "2-%,+) 2("3 2( 5 -+""/ ,$%, +4#0+// 6GS *<, (2, !:" 0+-+#,20/9 5$+ /,0<-,<0+ 2= # %() $ -$%.(/ ./ /.1."%0 ,2 ,$%, 2= ,$+ ! %() " -$%.(/9 5$+ %1.(2 %-.) /+I<+(-+ 2= ,$+ # -$%.( D+03 -"2/+"3 0+/+1*"+/ ,$%, 2= ,$+ " -$%.(@ %() ,$+ /+I<+(-+ 2= ,$+ $ -$%.( -200+/#2()/ ,2 ,$%, 2= ,$+ ! -$%.(9

:" #$%&'' (&)&*+,- %,2;3/1+3,/ <,+&/+31' !/ .( ,$+ .11<(28"2*<".(/@ ,$+ ).==+0+(, #2//.; *.".,.+/ =20 -21*.(.(8 P@ G@ %() F 8+(+/ %() 2,$+0 1+-$%(./1/ -0+%,+ %( +(2012K>N =20 5;-+"" 0+-+#,20/9

5" #$%&'' (&)&*+,- (&1--1/6&2&/+

=" :34+-3;8+3,/ ,7 !>" 1/? #>$ # %&''4

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

5$+ "%08+ 1%V20.,3 2= 1%,<0+ 5 -+""/ .( ,$+ *"22) &%()@ #0+/<1%*"3@ %"/2 ,$2/+ .( ,.//<+' +4#0+// 567!:"9 5$./ .(-"<)+/ ,$+ -%9 MM W 6G?;#2/.,.D+ %() -%9 SS W 6GT;#2/.,.D+ 5;-+""/ &%D+0%8+ =.8; <0+/'9 567!:" -+""/ %0+ /+")21 )2<*"+ (+8%,.D+ 20 )2<*"+ #2/.,.D+ &/++ #9 R!'9 J( -2(,0%/,@ ,$+ 1%V20.,3 2= #:$ 5 -+""/ %0+ )2<*"+ (+8%,.D+9 C21+ %0+ )2<*"+ #2/.,.D+@ %() 2("3 % =+A +4; #0+// ,$+ 6G? %(,.8+(9 5$+ =<(-,.2( 2= ,$+ 567#:$;#2/.,.D+ -+""/ ./ /,."" <(E(2A(9 5$+3 %0+ ,$2<8$, ,2 #"%3 %( .1; #20,%(, 02"+ .( ,$+ )+=+(/+ %8%.(/, 13-2*%-,+0; .% %() .( ,$+.0 0+/#2(/+ ,2 /<#+0%(,.8+(/9

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

#$%&'' (&)&*+,-4

!, " (Chromosome 14) V!1 V!2

# (Chromosome 7q) V#1 V#2

V!n

V"n

V#3

D" J "

V#n

D#1

C"

V

J! segments

C#1

J#1

D#2

!

C!

C#2

V#14

$ (Chromosome 7p)

V1.1

V1.2

V1.3

V1.4

V1.5

V$II

V$IV Jp1 Jp J1 C$1

V$III

V1.6 V1.8 VA V1.5P V1.7

C$2

VB VII

Pseudogene

08/?12&/+1' <-3/)3*'&4

V$I

(Reversed direction of transcription)

A. T-cell receptor gene families I II I II

"

I II Deletion

Unequal chromosome switch

Inversion

B. T-cell receptor rearrangement ! (") Extracellular region

V!

# ($) S S S S

Gene segments

Transmembrane region Cytoplasmicregion

S S S S

D

0

2

J

100

13

V x D x J-combinations

104

N-sequences

104

2 x103 104

V

SS

C

#-chain

100

CHO C!

!-chain

V

100

Total number of !/# combinations

1015

D. Possible combinations of the T-cell receptor (!/#) 248 282

! chain = V - J - C # chain= V - D - J - C " chain = V - D - J - C $ chain = V - J - C

C. Configuration of the T-cell receptor

Total: Marker:

!/# 95 %

$/" 5%

66 %

<1%

CD4+ CD4– CD4–

CD8– CD8+ CD8–

33 %

25 %

<1 %

70 %

CD4+

CD8+

<1 %

<12 %

E. Distribution of !/# and $/" T cells

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

Weak

! " CE

<$';&%+'1&, =0.'4.8,+5

!

"

! >?

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

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

Molecule

Cell expression

Function

Thymocytes, dendritic cells, few B cells (CD1c)

Antigenpresentation (glycolipids)

1p13

Thymocytes, all T cells, NK cells

Receptor for CD58 (LFA-1), T-cell activation

11q23 11q23 11q23 1q22 1q22

Maturing thymocytes, T cells

Signaltransduction after MHC-TCR contact

55

12p12

Thymocytes, T-helper cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophilic granulocytes

Binding to MHC class II MHC

67

11q13

Thymocytes, all maturing T cells, few B cells

Signal transduction

40

17q25

All cells of T-cell lineage

Not known

2p12 2p1

Thymocytes, cytotoxic T-cells, NK cells (weak, CD8a)

Binding to class I MHC molecules

33

Xq26.327.1

CD4+ T cells (after activation), CD8+ T cells (subpopulation), basophils

Binds to CD40, activates B cells and dendritic cells

40

2q33

Thymocytes CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, (subpopulation)

Ligand for CD80, CD86 (“co-stimula„ tory signal )

33

2q33

Activated T cells

Ligand for CD80, CD86 (negative regulator of T-cell activation)

Molecular weight (kDa)

#

43 – 49

Gene locus 1q22-23

CD1a b,c,d,e

$ 2m

50 CD2 %

CD3g 25 CD3d 20 CD3e 20 !-chain 16 "-chain 22

& !/" #(&) $(%) '

CD3/TCR

CD4

CD5

CD7 # $

CD8# 33 CD8$ 33

CD8

CD154 (CD40L)

CD28

CD152 (CTLA–4)

A. Human T-cell differentiation molecules

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! <$';&%+'1&, =0.'4.8,+5

()*+,, !'1.@+'5

"

! " >A

A4./,8&.),' B2*.(*='&3

!

"

! CD

#$>?8=7-(?)& @&+&'-=8&.) ,./ @*99&2&.)*,)*-.

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

> #$33) 4YZT>9 =<+2 &'$ 5<$$A%)&%"; =+<2 &+ &'$ (#&%I$ =+<2 *. ?(. += 5'+)5'+<.3(&%+" 53(.) ( -$#%)%I$ <+3$ %" &'$ 5<+#$))6 YZT> 2%;<(&$) &+ &'$ ",#3$,): *%"-) &+ &'$ )5$#%=%# UX@M 5<+2+&$< <$;%+": ("- #++5$<(&$) ?%&' ("+&'$< ",#3$(< *%"-%"; =(#&+< 4TN@8 #+253$A9 %" )&(<&%"; UX@M ;$"$ &<(")#<%5&%+" I%( KYT 5+3.2$<()$ UU6

5" #$%&'' !()*+,)*-.6 #7& #*8& %-423& -9 :&.& ;<=2&33*-. T -%)&%"#&%+" %) 2(-$ *$&?$$" %22$-%(&$: $(<3.: ("- 3(&$ >@#$33 (#&%I(&%+" 5<+#$))$)6 N<+@ &+@+"#+;$"$) 4#@1&0 ("- #@'*#9: ",#3$(< *%"-@ %"; 5<+&$%") 4)$$ )$#&%+" !9: ("- #.&+H%"$ ;$"$) *$#+2$ %"I+3I$- %" &'%) +<-$< += ),##$))%+"6 >'$ %"#<$()$- $A5<$))%+" += /01 -$&$<2%"("&) 4+" #$<&(%" #$33 ).)&$2)9 ("- (-'$)%+" 2+3$@ #,3$) +##,<) +"3. )$I$<(3 -(.) 3(&$<6

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

#$%&'' !()*+,)*-.

APC

MHC

$

'

!

!(")

!

!

$

#

&

%

PIP2

PLC

DAG

TCR IP3

p56Ick

PKC

p59fyn Ca2+

Tyrosine kinases

Ca-dependent kinases

T cell Cytoplasm

Phosphorylated proteins Gene activation regulation of transcription

Nucleus

Phosphorylated proteins

Immediate

A. T-cell activation: Signal transduction Proto-oncogenes Nuclear binding proteins Minutes Cytokines

Early

Late

c-fos

Receptors Activating antigens Enzymes, intracellular proteins Hours

IL-4 IL-5 IL-6

GM-CSF

Insulin-R IL-2R CD69

1

2

Transferrin-R

Cyclin 3

MHC Cytokines Adhesion proteins Days

30

TGF-# IL-3

ODC Actin

4

Transferrin 5

6

12

Histones 18

24

48

HLA-DR Rantes VLA-4 2

"

c-myc NF(B

NFAT-1 15

IFN-' IL-2

A4./,8&.),' B2*.(*='&3

%

CD4(CD8)

#

Ag

CD3 CD45

!

4

VLA-1 6

8

B. T-cell activation: Time course of gene expression

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

10

! " CE

C7(/*?&()*2 :'$(1$@2&3

!

"

! 0D

,=>
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

+:%%#"++$0,8 )&" *&'#'*/"#$+/$* *3/0>$,"+; 0, /&" 0/&"# &',-; &'1" ' %0+$/$1"; $,/",+$.3$,5 ".B ."*/ 0, /&" #"+%"*/$1" +:=%0%:('/$0,8 GHBA; .0# "N'2%("; '*/+ 0, )?@ *"((+ ',- GHBX 0, )?A *"((+8 \" 2:+/ +/#"++; &0<"1"#; /&'/ /&"#" '#" 0./", ,0 +/#$*/ ($,"+ ="/<"", /&" +:=%0%:('/$0,+ $, /&" &:2', -".",+" +3+/"28 ], /&" *0,/#'#3; $/ $+ %0++$=(" /0 &'1" +200/&; %'/&05",B-"%",B -",/ /#',+$/$0,+ ="/<"", /&" +:=%0%:('/$0,+8

4" 5&672*)$+( +% 869 :'+/71)$+( )&" )?A *"(( %('3+ ', "++",/$'( #0(" $, /&" #"5B :('/$0, 0. G5^ %#0-:*/$0,8 9*/$1'/$0, 0. /&" O *"(( /'>"+ %('*" 2'$,(3 1$' /&" FRXTQFRXT ($B 5',- +3+/"28 )&"#" 0**:#+ ' #"("'+" 0. GHBX; GHB@Z ',-Q0# +0(:=(" #"*"%/0#+ 0. GHBX 4GHBXBL7 /&'/ '(+0 *0,/#$=:/" /0 G5^ %#0-:*/$0,8 GHBX ("'-+ /0 /&" -$.."#",/$'/$0, 0. O *"((+ $, G5V@ ',- G5^B%#0-:*$,5 %('+2' *"((+; <&"#"'+ GHB @Z $,-:*"+ /&" .0#2'/$0, 0. G5VX ',- G5V^ ',/$B =0-$"+8

;" 5&672*)+'< , 1&223 L"5:('/0#3 ) *"((+ &'1" ' +:%%#"++0# .:,*/$0,8 )&"3 #"%#"+",/ ' 2$,0#$/3 0. FRX! ) *"((+ /&'/ *0B"N%#"++ FRAY "1", $, /&" '=+",*" 0. '*/$1'/$0,8 FRX! FRAY! #"5:('/0#3 ) *"((+ &'1" ="", +&0<, /0 %#"+",/ ':/0$22:,$/3; '+ /&"$# -"%("/$0, %#020/"+ -"1"(0%2",/ 0. 1'#$0:+ ':/0$22:," -$+"'+"+ $, 2$*"8 )&"3 '(+0 +""2 /0 %('3 ' #0(" $, %#"1",/$,5 ".."*/$1" $22:,0+:#1"$((',*" $, %'/$",/+ <$/& *',*"# 4+"" %8 @YA78

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

,-. *(/ ,-0 ;&223

Antigens

Bacteria

Protozoans (e.g. helminths)

Fungi

!

Pollen

NK cell

Macrophage

!/" T cell IFN-!

IL-12

Basophils, mast cell IL-4

C7(/*?&()*2 :'$(1$@2&3

Genetic susceptibility (e.g. MHC, TCR etc.)

?

Cytokine milieu IL-12

MHC II Dendritic cell

B7-1 (CD80)

IFN-!

TCR

TCR

CD28

Intracellular killing

MHC II

CD28

TH1

IFN-

!

Dendritic cell

B7-1 (CD80)

TH0

IFN-! IL-2 IFN-! TNF-#

IL-4

"

IL-4 TH2

0 IL-1 IL-4

IL-5 Antibody

IL-4

Macrophage

B cell

A. Differentiation into TH1 and TH2 cells

IL-10 IL-4

IL-4R TCR

TH2

IL-4R

IL-13 IL-4

CD40 ligand

Ag IL-4R

sIgM

MHC + Ag

IgE

CD40 B cell

B. Regulation of IgE production

Burmester, Color Atlas of Immunology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.

! " 0.

;<*87)$*+7& =:9*19(&$2

!

"

! >>

-6./)(0'1/+$ #$%$&'()$*+ 7*8 #9,,$:$*+97+9'*

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

./1" $1)521).'/ '4 ! (*""+ ./)' %"1+$1 (*""+ )&*/ '((52+ ./ )&* 0'/* $122'3 '2 ./ )&* $5('+1 '4 )&* 61+)2'./)*+)./1" )21()= S'$* '4 )&* 1/).6*/7+).$5"1)*, ! (*""+ $.7 621)* )' )&* $126./1" ?'/* '4 )&* %*2.%&*21" '27 61/+ 1/, ,.44*2*/).1)* ./)' J6C7/*61).-*P BCID7 /*61).-*P 1/, BCDH7%'+.).-* (*""+ 8*A)214'"".(57 "12 ! (*""+<= J/ ('/)21+) )' $'+) ')&*2 ! (*""+P )&*+* (*""+ (1/ 1"+' 2*1() )' (120'&#,21)* 1/).7 6*/+ 8>7(*""7./,*%*/,*/) 2*+%'/+*

Color Atlas Of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas Of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy

Read more

Atlas of Immunology

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Neurology

Read more

Color Atlas of Pharmacology

Read more

Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Read more

Color Atlas Of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Laparoscopy

Read more

Color Atlas of Pharmacology

Read more

Color Atlas of Pathology

Read more

Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Read more

Color Atlas of Pathophysiology

Read more

Color atlas of pharmacology

Read more

Color Atlas Of Neurology

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Nails

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas of Genetics

Read more

Color Atlas Of Biochemistry

Read more

Recommend Documents

Color Atlas Of Immunology

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7....

Color Atlas Of Immunology

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7....

Color Atlas of Immunology

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7....

Color Atlas of Immunology

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7...

Color Atlas of Immunology

!"#"$ %&#'( ") *++,-"#"./ !"#$%&' ($)*"# +'#,"-."#/ 0121 3#45"--4# 45 0"$)6)7" 89:#)." ; 45 +"#A)7 +"#A)7/ !"#,:7> C7....

Color Atlas Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of li...

Atlas of Immunology

ATLAS OF IMMUNOLOGY SECOND EDITION Julius M. Cruse, B.A., B.S., D.Med.Sc., M.D., Ph.D., Dr. h.c., F.A.A.M., F.R.S.H., F...

Color Atlas of Genetics

I Color Atlas of Genetics 2nd edition Passarge, Color Atlas of Genetics © 2001 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subje...

Color Atlas of Genetics

I Color Atlas of Genetics 2nd edition Passarge, Color Atlas of Genetics © 2001 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subj...

Color Atlas of Genetics

I Color Atlas of Genetics 2nd edition Passarge, Color Atlas of Genetics © 2001 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subje...