Dakota Okhanpi
Acknowledgements A special thank-you to the following: ) )
)
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Manitoba First Nations Education Reso...
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Dakota Okhanpi
Acknowledgements A special thank-you to the following: ) )
)
~
Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre
~
Sioux Valley Dakota Nation
~
Ruth Norton
~
Steve McCorrister
~
Don Monkman
~
Tatanka-He Sna - Russ Merrick
)
)
) )
Thank-you for your contribution towards the publication of this booklet and the accompanying CD. Duzahan Mani Win Doris Dowan-Pratt
) ) )
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Forward After the Minnesota Massacre in 1862, the Dakota bands that retreated into Canada settled in different areas. Today these bands are Dakota Tipi, formerly Sioux Village, in Portage La Prairie; Chankagha - Otina, Birdtail Sioux; Wipazoka Wakpa, Sioux Valley; Chanupa Wakpa, Pipestone Sioux; Tantanka Nanzin, Standing Buffalo; Wapaha Ska, Whitecap Reserve; and Wakhpetunwan, Prince Albert Sioux. With the scattering of the bands came a change in Dakota language and culture. This change would render Dakota people more vulnerable to government policies of cultural and language extinction. These policies would speed the process of assimilation. Dakota language and culture were perceived as detriments to the subjugation of Dakota people. These policies produced four generations of Dakota who increasingly lost their sense of who they were as Dakota people. Residential schools were an important tool in a successful completion of the task. The sole purpose in the development of Dakota Language materials is to revitalize, retain and reverse the language shift towards extinction.
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If we are to save our language there is one thing, and only one thing that will achieve the goal. It is not complicated, it is not expensive, and anyone can do it to a greater or lesser degree. It is a secret known and used by many cultures. I myself have used this secret for as long as I have lived. I have taught my six children the secret; some have applied it, some haven't. I practiced the secret while a stUdent in residential school, under the threat of severe punishment. Today I watch my people looking for the secret to success and happiness. They look in books, movies, television, magazines and alcohol and drugs. A sense of success and happiness stems from being proud of who you are and what you do; language and culture teach you about the unique person you are and about being proud of yourself. The secret is to speak our Dakota language to others: our children, our relatives, our friends and our Creator. Words, by themselves, are little more than a collection of lines, dots and squiggles. In fact, language has little to do with words. Language is about the expression of history; man's relationship to the environment and the animals that surround us; kinship relationships with those we live with and our spiritual relationship with our Creator. A dictionary, by itself, is incapable of transcending the gap between meaning and feelings. Fluency has little to do with pronunciation and articulation; it has to do with the cultural meaning of the words and the understanding of the pictures created by the words. Embodied within kinship roles, oral traditions, history and meaning is hidden the seeds of your uniqueness. Language is learned from Elders in our communities who are speakers of the Dakota language. The Page
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challenge is that they are older each day. If the Elders do not pass on their language and culture to the generations to come, before they die, we will have nothing but a collection of sterile words, dictionaries and thesauruses incapable of creating the feeling of "Indianess", devoid of the pride that awaits us in our journey to success and happiness. Culture and language are continually changing as society changes. What of the Dakota language? What of the ability to communicate our needs in this everchanging world? Our roles as parents and kin, our relationship to our environment, our spirituality, and our link to previous generations are all embodied in the language. What we lose when our language is gone is the ability to speak about profound physical, psychological, and spiritual concepts in our own language. Spiritual relevance is very much found in our language. The retention of the Dakota language and culture is not about losing the language and culture you presently have. It is about having the richness of another way of thinking and feeling about the world around you. A world in which you can identify yourself and feel proud of who you are.
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Our Dakota children will have a culture and a language. As parents, kin and Dakota people we will have a great deal of influence on the language and culture of our young people. Whether is will be based on television, video games, the roles of actors on TV and magazines or a lovingly taught language containing cultural concepts, we can foster pride through the application of the language concepts. The clock is running; the speakers of the Dakota language and those who understand the culture are advancing in years. Who will replace them when they are gone? Who will there be to understand the Dakota language and all its nuances, roles, history and spirituality? Who is going to reverse the trend towards extinction? More than language is lost when a language disappears, never to come back, never to be understood except as a collection of words. We all have a great responsibility!
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OWE AKHPE UNYANPI TOKATAKIYA IHUNIYA UN SDODUNYAPI KTE We will be known forever by the footprints we leave. )
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Page iii
Phonetic Word Chart Phonetic Symbol
Written Symbol
Word Example
English Meaning
a b ch' ch d e a g gh h kh k k' kg m n ng
a b ch' ch d e g gh h kh k k' h m n ng
0
0
p p' p/b s sh sh' tid t t' u w y z ~ (z)
p p'
amakhpiya bdo c'oc'oya chokaya duzahe i etkiya hoksidag ghu hi khdo kute k'ok'oya hagha mni napcha otunwing opetun pute p'o Qatush sdohan shkumna sh'a !uwe tazushka t'e uma wapepeka yuzuzu zicha
cloud potato gurgling middle/centre fast mouth toward the boy burn tooth growl shoot gulping noise make water swallow the town buy snout mist to bend over crawl sour yell who ant die peanut thorn dismantle squirrel bottle
Q
s sh sh' ! t t' u w y z z
~an~an
asin pleasure
Page iv
)
)
Niwan
Swim
Wani we I'm swimming
wa-ni-we
Yaniwe You're swimming
Ya-ni-we
Niwe She's I He's swimming
Ni-we
Un niwanpi We're swimming
Un-ni-wan-pi
Niwanpi They're swimming
Ni-wan-pi
) )
)
)
)
)
) )
)
)
)
Page
1
Unpa
Smoke
Channumupe I'm smoking
Chan-nu-mu-pe
Channunupe You're smoking
Chan-nu-nu-pe
Chanupe She's I He's smoking
Cha-nu-pe
Channuk'unpapi We're smoking
Chan-nu-k'un-pa-pi
Channupapi They're smoking
Chan-nu-pa-pi
Page
2
Iktia
Laugh
Iwakha I'm laughing
I-wa-kha
Iyaklia You're laughing
I-ya-kha
Iktia She's I He's laughing
I-kha
Unkiktiapi We're laughing
Un-ki-kha-pi
Iktiapi They're laughing
I-kha-pi
)
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)
) )
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) )
) )
Page
3
Yutitan
Pull
Bdutitan I'm pulling
Bdu-ti-tan
Dutitan You're pulling
Du-ti-tan
Yutitan She's I He's pulling
Yu-ti-tan
Unyutitanpi We're pulling
Un-yu-ti-tan-pi
Yutitanpi They're pulling
Yu-ti-tan-pi
Page
4
Patan
Push
Wapatal1 I'm pushing
Wa-pa-tan
Yapatan You're pushing
Ya-pa-tan
Patan She's I He's pushing
Pa-tan
Unpatanpi We're pushing
Un-pa-tan-pi
Patanpi They're pushing
Pa-tan-pi
Page
5
Yuwi
Dress
Mihduwi I'm getting dressed.
Mi-hdu-wi
Nihduwi You're getting dressed
ni-hdu-wi
Ihduwi She's I He's getting dressed
I-hdu-wi
Unkihduwipi We're getting dressed.
Un-ki-hdu-wi-pi
Ihduwipi They're getting dressed
I-hdu-wi-pi
Page
6
Koza
\ ... ~I
Wave
I
Nape wakoze I'm waving my hand
Na-pe-wa-ko-ze
Nape yakoze You're waving your hand
Na-pe-ya-ko-ze
Nape koze She's I He's waving
Na-pe-ko-ze
Nape unkozapi We're waving
Na-pe-un-ko-za-pi
Nape kozapi They're waving
Na-pe-ko-za-pi
Page
7
Mani
Walk
Mawani I'm walking
Ma-wa-ni
Mayani You're walking
Ma-ya-ni
Mani She's I He's walking
ma-ni
Maunipi We're walking
Ma-un-i-pi
Manipi They're walking
Ma-ni-pi
Page
8
)
\
Cheti
Make a fire
Chewati I'm making a fire
Che-wa-ti
Cheyate You're making a fire
Che-ya-te
Cheti She's I He's making a fire
Che-ti
Cheuntipi We're making a fire
Che-un-ti-pi
Chetipi They're making a fire
Che-ti-pi
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Page
9
~)
Kute
Shoot
) ')
) ) ) )
) )
"
') /
.' ) ')
Wawakute I'm shooting
Wa-wa-ku-te ) )
)
Wayakute You're shooting
')
Wa-ya-ku-te
) )
) )
Wakute She's I He's shooting
Wa-ku-te
) ) .
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Waunkutapi We're shooting
Wa-un-ku-ta-pi )
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Wakutapi They're shooting
Wa-ku-ta-pi
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Page 10
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Aku
Bring
Mni awaku I'm bringing water
Mni-a-wa-ku
Mni ayaku You're bringing water
Mni-a-ya-ku
Mni aku She's I He's bringing water
Mni-a-ku
Mni unkakupi We're bringing water
Mni-un-ka-ku-pi
Mni akupi They're bringing water
Mni-a-ku-pi
Page 11
Kiza
Fight
Wicha wakize I'm fighting
Wi-cha-wa-ki-ze
Wicha yakize You're fighting
Wi-cha-ya-ki-ze
Wicha kize She's I He's fighting
Wi-cha-ki-ze
Wichun kize We're fighting
Wi-chun-ki-ze
Kchizapi They're fighting
Kchi-za-pi
Page 12
Ope
Get in (aboard)
Iyechinmni owape I'm getting in a car
I-ye-chin-mni-o-wa-pe
Iyechinmni oyape You're getting in the car
I-ye-chin-mni-o-ya-pe
Iyechinmni ope She's I He's getting in the car
I-ye-chin-mni-o-pe
Iyechinmni unkopapi We're getting in a car
I-ye-chin-mni-un-ko-pa-pi
Iyechinmni opapi They're getting in a car
I-ye-chin-mni-o-pa-pi
Page 13
Bde
Go
Kuya bde I'm going down
Ku-ya-bde
Kuya de You're going down
Ku-ya-de
Kuya ye She's I He's going down
Ku-ya-ye
Ku yaunyanpi We're going down
Ku-ya-un-yan-pi
Kuya yapi They're going down
Ku-ya-ya-pi
Page 14
Go
Ya
• Wakan bde I'm going up
Wa-kan-bde
Wakan de You're going up
Wa-kan-de
Wakan ye She's I He's going up
Wa-kan-ye
Wakan unyanpi We're going up
Wa-kan-un-yan-pi
Wakan yapi They're going up
Wa-kan-ya-pi
Page 15
) )
)
Kagheghe
Sew
) ) ) ) )
) ') )
')
) )
) )
Wawakagheghe I'm sewing
Wa-wa-ka-ghe-ghe
) .
) )
) )
Wayakagheghe You're sewing
Wa-ya-ka-ghe-ghe
)
. ) )
Wakagheghe She's I He's sewing
Wa-ka-ghe-ghe
) ) )
)
Waunkagheghepi We're sewing
Wa-un-ka-ghe-ghe-pi
) ) )
Wakagheghepi They're sewing
Wa-kha-ghe-ghe-pi
)
)
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Page 16
) , ) -\ )
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)
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Hokuwa
Fishing
Howakuwa I'm fishing
Ho-wa-ku-wa
Hoyakuwa You're fishing
Ho-ya-ku-wa
Hokuwa She's I He's fishing
Ho-ku-wa
Hounkuwapi We're fishing
Ho-un-ku-wa-pi
Hokuwapi They're fishing
Ho-ku-wa-pi
Page 17
Yupsicha
Tossing/flipping
)
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Bdupsiche I'm tossing/flipping
Bdu-psi-che )
)
Dupsiche You're tossing/flipping
)
Du-psi-che
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Yupsiche She's / He's tossing/flipping
)
Yu-psi-che
)
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,
)
Unyupsichapi We're tossing/flipping
Un-yu-psi-cha-pi
.')
)
Yupsichapi They're tossing/flipping
Yu-psi-cha-pi
I
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Page 18
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Kuwa
Pursue
Wakuwa I'm pursuing
Wa-ku-wa
Yakuwa You're pursuing
Ya-ku-wa
Kuwa She's I He's pursuing
Ku-wa
Unkuwapi We're pursuing
Un-ku-wa-pi
Kuwapi They're pursuing
Ku-wa-pi
Page 19
)
Iyutanka
Sit (get up) )
) )
)
) ) ) )
)
Ibdutanke I'm getting up
I-bdu-tan-ke
) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
Idutanke You're getting up
I-du-tan-ke
) ) )
,)
Iyutanke She's I He's getting up
I-yu-tan-ke
)
) )
)
Unkiyutankapi We're getting up
Un-ki-yu-tan-ka-pi
) ) )
)
Iyutankapi They're getting up
I-yu-tan-ka-pi
)
) ) )
Page 20
) )
Yuzaza
Wash
Mihduzaza I'm washing myself
Mi-hd u-za-za
Nihduzaza You're washing yourself
Ni-hdu-za-za
Ihduzaza I-hdu-za-za She's I He's washing herself I himself
Unkihduzazapi We're washing ourselves
Un-ki-hdu-za-za-pi
Ihduzazapi They're washing themselves
I-hdu-za-za-pi
Page 21
) .
Nazin
Stand
) )
) ) ) )
) ) ) )
Nawazin I'm standing
Na-wa-zin
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)
Nayazin You're standing
Na-ya-zin
,
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Nazin She's I He's standing
Na-zin
"
)
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Naunzinpi We're standing
Na-un-zin-pi
Nazinpi They're standing
Na-zin-pi
)
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Page 22
Iyutanka
Sit
Ibdutanke I'm sitting
I-bdu-tan-ke
Idutanke You're sitting
I-du-tan-ke
Iyutanke She's I He's sitting
I-yu-tan-ke
Unkiyutankapi We're sitting
U n-ki-yu-tan-ka-pi
Iyutankapi They're sitting
I-yu-tan-ka-pi
)
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Page 23
) ) ) ) )
Turn
Yuhomni
.- ------.- --
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,."," ."".... ~ , " ,, ,",, , , '_1 ,_, I "
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Mihduhomni I'm turning around
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Mi-hdu-ho-mni
) ) )
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.
Nihduhomni You're turning around
Ni-hdu-ho-mni
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Ihduhomni She's I He's turning around
Unkihduhomnipi We're turning around
)
I-hdu-ho-mni
)
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Un-ki-hdu-ho-mni-pi
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Ihduhomnipi They're turning around
I-hdu-ho-mni-pi
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j
Page 24
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Wohdaka
Talk
Wowahdake I'm talking
Wo-wa-had-ke
Woyahdake You're talking
Wo-ya-hdake
Wohdake She's I He's talking
Wo-hdake
Wounhdakapi We're talking
Wo-un-hdaka-pi
Wohdakapi They're talking
Wo-hdaka-pi
Page 25
Owa
Write
Wowapi owawa I'm writing
Wo-wa-pi o-wa-wa
(I'm writing a letter)
Wowapi oyawa You're writing
Wo-wa-pi o-ya-wa
(You're writing a letter)
Wowapi owa She's I He's writing
Wo-wa-pi o-wa
(She's I He's writing a letter)
Wowapi unkowapi We're writing
Wo-wa-pi un-ko-wa-pi
(We're writing a letter)
Wowapi owapi They're writing
Wo-wa-pi o-wa-pi
(They're writing a letter)
Page 26
Yushinyeya
Surprised/Startled
/, II
Yushinyamaye I'm surprised
Yu-shin-ya-ma-ye
Yushin yaniye You're surprised
Yu-shin ya-ni-ye
Yushinyaye She's / He's surprised
Yu-shin-ya-ye
Yushinyaunyanpi We're surprised
Yu-shi n-ya-un-yan-pi
Yushinyawichayapi They're surprised
Yu-shin-ya-wi-cha-ya-pi
)
)
) )
Page 27
Kakcha
Comb
II
Wahdakcha I'm combing my hair
Wa-hda-kcha
Yahdakcha You're combing my hair
Ya-had-kcha
Hdakcha Had-kcha She's I He's combing her I his hair
Unhdakchapi We're combing our hair
Un-hda-kcha-pi
Hdakchapi They're combing their hair
Hda-kch-a-pi
Page 28
)
)
Wota
Ear
Wawate I'm eating
Wa-wa-te
Wayate You're eating
Wa-ya-te
Wote She's I He's eating
Wo-te
Wauntapi We're eating
Wa-un-ta-pi
Wotapi They're eating
Wo-ta-pi
)
)
) ) ) )
)
Page 29
Baksa
Cut
Bawakse I'm cutting
Ba-wa-kse
Bayakse You're cutting
Ba-ya-kse
Bakse She's I He's cutting
Ba-kse
Baunksapi We're cutting
Ba-un-ksa-pi
Baksapi They're cutting
Ba-ksa-pi
Page 30
Yuksa
Cut
Bdukse I'm cutting
Bdu-kse
Dukse You're cutting (scissors)
Du-kse
Yukse She's I He's cutting (scissors)
Yu-kse
Unyuksapi We're cutting (scissors)
Un-yu-ksa-pi
Yuksapi They're cutting (scissors)
Yu-ksa-pi
)
)
) )
Page 31
Kaksa
Chop
') )
) ')
)
) ') ) ,
) ) ) ')
)
Chan wakakse I'm chopping wood
Chan-wa-ka-kse
)
)
Chan yakakse You're chopping wood
Chan-ya-ka-kse
)
) ) )
Chan kakse She's I He's chopping wood
chan-ka-kse
) )
) )
Chan unkaksapi We're chopping wood
Chan-un-ka-ksa-pi
Chan kaksapi They're chopping wood
Chan-ka-ksa-pi
)
)
)
Page 32 ) 1
Wachi
Dance
Wawachi I'm dancing
Wa-wa-chi
Wayachi You're dancing
Wa-ya-chi
Wachi She's I He's dancing
Wa-chi
Waunchipi We're dancing
Wa-un-chi-pi
Wachipi They're dancing
Wa-chi-pi
Page 33
Owa
Paint
Ti owawa I'm painting (wall)
Ti-o-wa-wa
Ti oyawa You're painting
Ti-o-ya-wa
Ti owa She's I He's painting (wall)
Ti-o-wa
Ti unkowapi We're painting (wall)
Ti-un-ko-wa-pi
Ti owapi They're painting (wall)
Ti-o-wa-pi
Page 34
)
Kiye
Play
Chandowan wakiye I'm playing music
Chan-do-wan-wa-ki-ye
Chandowan yakiye You're playing music
Chan-do-wan-yak-i-ye
Chandowan kiye She's I He's playing music
Chan-do-wan-ki-ye
Chandowan unkiyapi We're playing music
Chan-do-wan-un-ki-ya-pi
Chandowan kiyapi They're playing music
Chan-do-wan-ki-ya-pi
)
Page 35
Yatkan
Drink
Bdatke I'm drinking
Bda-tke
Datke You're drinking
Da-tke
Yatke She's I He's drinking
Ya-tke
Unyatkanpi We're drinking
Un-ya-tkan-pi
Yatkanpi They're drinking
Ya-tkan-pi
Page 36
1
Hda
Go home
Wahde I'm going home
Wa-hde
Yahde You're going home
Ya-hde
Hde She's I He's going home
Hde
Unhdapi We're going home
Un-hdapi
Hdapi They're going home
Hda-pi
.-/
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.
)
)
)
) ) )
Page 37 )
Iyokpi
Happy
II )
"
".,0)
Iyomakpi I'm happy
I-yo-ma-kpi
Iyonikpi You're happy
I-yo-ni-kpi
Iyokpi She's I He's happy
I-yo-kpi
Iyounkpipi We're happy
I-yo-un-kpi-pi
Iyokpipi They're happy
I-yo-kpi-pi
)
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Page 39
)
Ichan Shicha
) )
Sad
) )
, ,"
/'
)
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T"
Ichan mashiche I'm sad
) ) ) )
I-chan-ma-shi-che
) )
, )
)
Ichannishiche You're sad
I-chan-ni-shi-che
) ) )
Ichan shiche She's I He's sad
)
I-chan-shi-che
) ,'\ j
.,:) ./
Ichan unshichapi We're sad
)
I-chan-un-shi-cha-pi
l
./
\
)
Ichanshichapi They're sad
I-chan-shi-cha-pi
\
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)
Page 40
\
-
)
'\
)
)
Cry
Cheya
/
I
"
~ ~
a !
()
.... Wacheye I'm crying
Wa-che-ye
Yacheye You're crying
Ya-che-ye
Cheye She's I He's crying
Che-ye
Uncheyapi We're crying
Un-c he-ya-pi
Cheyapi They're crying
Che-ya-pi
) )
)
Page 41
)
Psha
Sneeze
Wapshe I'm sneezing
Wa-pshe
Yapshe You're sneezing
Ya-pshe
Pshe She's I He's sneezing
Pshe
Unpshapi We're sneezing
un-psha-pi
Pshapi They're sneezing
Psha-pi
) )
Page 43
Iyowa
Yawn
" J
) )
)
" J
"
.) '\
)
)
) ')
) ')
)
Iyowawaye I'm yawning
Iyowayaye You're yawning
I-yo-wa-wa-ye
)
) ) ) )
I-yo-wa-ya-ye
) )
.)
Iyowa She's I He's yawning
I-yo-wa
) )
)
.J .) "
Iyowaunyanpi We're yawning
I-yo-wa-un-yan-pi
) )
.)
Iyowapi They're yawning
I-yo-wa-pi
\ )
) /
)
) ) ,)
Page 44
J ) )
·
)
) )
Kadhda
Hot
Kadhda She's I He's hot
Kad-hda
Kadunhdapi We're hot
Kad-un-had-pi
Kadhdapi They're hot
Kadhda-pi
Page 45
Temni
Sweating
/
,(:)
() I I (:)
Temamni I'm sweating
Te-ma-mni
Tenimni Your sweating
Te-ni-mni
Temni She/He's sweating
Te-mni
Teunmnipi We're sweating
Te-un-mni-pi
Temnipi They're sweating
Te-mni-pi
Page 46
··1
}
)
Tamahecha
Skinny (thin)
Mata mahecha I'm skinny
Ma-ta-ma-he-cha
Nitamahecha You're skinny
Ni-ta-ma-he-cha
Tamahecha She's I He's skinny
Ta-ma-he-cha
Untamahechapi We're skinny
U n-ta-ma-he-cha-pi
Tamahechapi They're skinny
Ta-ma-he-cha-pi
)
Page 47 ) \
I j
Chepa
Fat
-
\
)
) ) \/
)
) )
) ) ) )
) ) \
)
Machepe I'm fat
Ma-che-pe
) )
)
Nichepe You're fat
Ni-che-pe
)
)
) )
Chepe She's I He's fat
Che-pe ) )
Unchepapi We're fat
Un-che-pa-pi
Chepapi They're fat
Che-pa-pi
\
)
Page- 48
)
) ) )
.)
Wayazanke
Sick
Wamayazanke I'm sick
Wa-ma-ya-zan-ke
Waniyazanke You're sick
Wa-ni-ya-zan-ke
Wayazanke She's I He's sick
Wa-ya-zan-ke
Waunyazankapi We're sick
Wa-un-ya-zan-ka-pi
Wayazankapi They're sick
Wa-ya-zan-ka-pi
) )
Page 49 )
)
Hokhpa
) ) ) ) )
Cough
) )
.
) ) ) ) C
Howakhpe I'm coughing
Ho-wa-khpe
Hoyakhpe You're coughing
Ho-ya-khpe
)
) ) ) ) ) ) )
. ) )
Hokhpe She's I He's coughing
Ho-khpe
) .
)
)
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Hounkhpapi We're coughing
)
Ho-un-khpa-pi ,
) ) ) )
Hokhpapi They're coughing
Ho-khpa-pi ) ,
) ) )
Page 50
) )
) )
)
Chuwita
Cold (feeling)
I ')
Machuwita I'm cold
Ma-chu-wi-ta
Nichiwita You're cold
Ni-chi-wi-ta
Chuwita She's I He's cold
Chu-wi-ta
Unchuwitapi We're cold
Un-chu-wi-ta-pi
Chuwitapi They're cold
Chu-wi-ta-pi
)
)
) )
) )
Page 51
Inyankahan
Run
Wainmnakahe I'm running
Wa-i n-mna-ka-he
Yainyankahe You're running
Ya-in-yan-ka-he
Inyankahe She's I He's running
In-yan-ka-he
Unkinyankahapi We're running
Un-kin-yan-ka-ha-pi
Inyankanhanpi They're running
In-yan-kan-han-pi
Page 52
Dowan
Sing
Wadowan I'm singing
Wa-do-wan
Yadowan You're singing
Ya-do-wan
Dowan She's I He's singing
Do-wan
Undowanpi We're singing
Un-do-wan-pi
Dowanpi They're singing
Do-wan-pi
)
)
Page 53 )
) .-)
Shkata
Play ) ') .)
)
J )
)
. )
Washkate I'm playing
Wa-shka-te
Yashkate You're playing
Ya-shka-te
Shkate She's I He's playing
Shka-te
Unshkatapi We're playing
Un-shka-ta-pi
Shkatapi They're playing
Shka-ta-pi
) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) /
) )
)
)
Page 54
, )
)
) )
)
Hoteda kichun
Swing
Hoteda wech'un I'm swinging
Ho-te-da-we-ch'un
Hoteda yech'un You're swinging
Ho-te-da-ye-ch'un
Hoteda kich'un She's I He's swinging
Ho-te-da-ki-ch'un
Hoteda unkich'unpi We're swinging
Ho-te-da-un-ki-ch'un-pi
Hoteda kich'unpi They're swinging
Ho-te-da-ki-ch' un-pi
) ')
I
)
)
)
) ) ) \
;'
Page 55
)
)
Yawa
Read
)
) /
\
) )
,
)
) ) ')
)
Wowapi bdawa I'm reading a book
) ) ) ) )
Wo-wa-pi-bda-wa
)
Wowapi dawa You're reading a book
Wo-wa-pi-da-wa
) ) .
Wowapiyawa She's I He's reading
Wo-wa-pi-ya-wa
Wowapi unyawapi We're reading
Wo-wa-pi-un-ya-wa-pi
)
J ) ..
) ) ) )
Wowapi yawapi They're reading
Wo-wa-pi-ya-wa-pi )
)
Page 56
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)
) ) I
