Expository Teacher Notes (Writing 4 Series)

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•Directions

•Discussion •Explanation •Information •Instructions •Analysis

TEACHER’S NOTES AND ANSWER KEY

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TEACHER’S NOTES ANSWER KEY

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TITLES

Descriptive Writing Expository Writing Narrative Writing Persuasive Writing

Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2005 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-56254-749-6 Printed in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To the Teacher “Practice is the best of all instructors.” —Publilius Syrus, Maxim

Let’s face it: Most students need to improve their writing skills. All too often, student work is blemished by poorly composed sentences, misspelled words, and punctuation errors. The meaning the student writer intended to convey is unclear, if not downright confusing. What’s the solution? The venerable old Roman got it right more than 2,000 years ago: practice, practice, and more practice! Saddleback’s WRITING 4 series links writing to purpose. Each of the four workbooks—NARRATIVE, EXPOSITORY, DESCRIPTIVE, and PERSUASIVE— specifically focuses on one particular “reason for writing.” Each workbook contains 21 applications lessons and seven basic skills practice lessons. Relevant applications include drafting personal and business letters, narrating an historical event, and reviewing a movie. Specific skills taught include analyzing your audience, recognizing propaganda, creating tone, and sorting fact and opinion. Fundamental skills and concepts such as main idea, supporting details, and writing introductions and conclusions are reviewed in all four workbooks. ONGOING ASSESSMENT Periodic checks of student workbooks are highly recommended. If possible, assign peer tutors to coach remediation. LESSON EXTENSIONS To reinforce and enrich the workbook exercises, you may want to assign “extra credit” activities such as the following:

◗ write step-by-step instructions for some task that individual students know how to do, e.g., make a salad, repair a flat tire, etc.

◗ record the stories they write, or read them aloud to students in other classrooms ◗ write independent descriptions of the same event or object; then compare and contrast, discussing viewpoint, vocabulary, and level of detail

◗ bring in “letters to the editor” from newspapers and magazines to analyze and discuss in class

◗ write employment reference letters for each other ◗ critique TV commercials or ads they’ve seen in the print media ◗ write directions for walking or driving from one point to another, e.g., home to school, library to home, etc.

◗ interview a parent or a school employee, and then “write up” the interview for an article in the school newspaper —3

EXPOSITORY WRITING

Answer Key LESSON

1: The Five Ws (pp. 6–7)

A. 1. all those interested in helping 2. decide on a theme for the dance and establish subcommittees for decorations, entertainment, chaperones, refreshments, and election of the king and queen and their court 3. Thursday, March 4, at 3:30 in the afternoon 4. every Thursday at the same time until the last week of May 5. in Room 314 6. to organize the prom B. 1. Gertrude Ederle and Sebastian Tirabocchi 2. Ederle was the first woman to swim the English Channel. 3. August 6, 1926 4. between Cape Gris-Nez, France, and England 5. POSSIBLE ANSWER: I wanted to prove that women can compete in difficult and dangerous sports.

BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Prewriting: Gathering Resource Information (pp. 12–13) A. Answers will vary. B. 1. 4. 6. 8.

encyclopedia 2. atlas 3. biography Internet 5. Internet, magazines personal interviews 7. biographies biographies, documentaries

LESSON

A. 1. Prepared 15 sandwiches per hour. 2. Filed correspondence for three attorneys. 3. Greeted clients, answered the phone, and made appointments. 4. Owned and operated a busy bike-repair shop for two years. 5. Closed the shop and secured the building at the end of each workday. Each choice uses active verbs to describe specific duties and tells about the important work done in previous jobs. B. Cover letter should be checked for accuracy. LESSON

LESSON

2: Messages (pp. 8–9)

A. Missing information includes the caller’s name and number. POSSIBLE ANSWER FOR A BETTER MESSAGE: Joan: Michael Timoney called about Friday night. He mentioned a dance. Call him back at 555-3348. If he’s not home, call his cell at 555-3349. B. POSSIBLE MESSAGE FOR JAKE: Jake: Barry Watson called about your job application at the ice cream store on Birch Street. Call for an interview from noon to nine every day but Sunday. Phone number is 555-3972. LESSON

3: Filling Out Forms (pp. 10–11)

A. Form should be filled out accurately. B.

TIME CARD Week of: ________________________________ (last week’s dates)

(student’s name) Employee: ______________________________ DAY OF WEEK MON. TUES. WED. THUR. FRI.

TOTAL HOURS WORKED

REGULAR PAY

SICK PAY

(holiday) 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 10.5 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 6.5 hrs 1.5 hrs

4—EXPOSITORY

WRITING

VACATION PAY

OVERTIME

2.5 hrs

4: Résumé and Cover Letter (pp. 14–15)

5: Office Memo, E-Mail (pp. 16–17)

A. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: OUTLINE: TOPIC SENTENCE: mention being new manager; talk about future success of Tony’s SUPPORTING SENTENCES: ask for employees’ help; mention being open to all new ideas; give info about where and when to talk to me CLOSING SENTENCE: mention teamwork MEMO: Date: (current date) To: All Employees From: (student’s name) Regarding: Management Policy Message: As the new manager of Tony’s Sandwich Shop, my goal is to make Tony’s even more successful than it is now. I cannot do this alone—I need the help of all employees. I am open to all new ideas for making Tony’s more efficient. Please bring your ideas to me before or after your shifts. If you wish, you can call me at home between 5:00 and 7:00 in the evening. My home number is 555-2964. Together we can make Tony’s a better place to work and a better place for our customers.

Check students’ first-aid instructions for format (bulleted, numbered, or lettered list) and accuracy, based on the sample paragraph. LESSON

B.

8: Transportation Directions (pp. 24–25)

SAMPLE ANSWER:

Go south on Fountain Square Drive to Greenback Lane. Turn right and go to Van Maren Lane. Turn right again, and go to the end of the road, turning left when Van Maren becomes Navion. Take Navion southwest until it becomes Sunmist Way, which takes you to the cemetery. C. Check students’ directions against the map.

6.

7.

8. 9.

10.

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7: First-Aid Instructions (pp. 22–23)

4. 5.

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LESSON

gathered around the woman as she painted. ↔ from she to Ms. Stevens: correct ↔ from it to paintings: She chooses paintings she likes and makes copies of them. ↔ from your to artists: Artists who copy the masters improve their own techniques. ↔ from it to copies: Many artists have made copies of great masterpieces, selling them to clients. ↔ from they to everyone: correct ↔ from it to paintings: Sally copies great paintings because she cannot afford to buy them. ↔ from they to copy: To prevent forgeries, a copy cannot be the same size as the original it represents.

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A. and B. Check students’ work for interesting details.

↔ from her to woman: correct ↔ from he to woman: A large crowd

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BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Sentences: Adding Details (pp. 20–21)

A. 2. 3.

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B. Check students’ own how-to directions for accuracy.

BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Grammar: PronounAntecedent Agreement (pp. 28–29)

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A. 1. Assemble these supplies on the counter: loaf of bread, sliced turkey, sliced cheese, lettuce leaves, sliced tomato, mayonnaise. 2. Remove two slices of bread from the package. 3. Place the bread slices side by side on a plate. 4. Put a thin layer of mayonnaise on each slice of bread. 5. Arrange turkey slices and cheese on one slice of bread. 6. Arrange lettuce and tomato on the other slice of bread. 7. Put the two halves of the sandwich together. 8. Slice sandwich in halves or quarters.

A., B., and C. Answers will vary.

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6: How-To Directions (pp. 18–19)

9: Product Warning Label (pp. 26–27)

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LESSON

LESSON

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B. Sample e-mail: Hi, Melanie, Please send an arrangement of pink roses, white orchids, yellow daffodils, and purple irises to Tina Miller at the following address: 483 Trask Avenue, Lincoln Park, MI 48146. The customer wants to spend no more than $90.00. Send an invoice to me, and I’ll send you a check, minus my 20 percent commission.

B. Since the day it opened in November 1793, the Louvre has allowed artists to copy the masterpieces it owns. In fact, it encourages them to come in and paint copies. French citizens fill out a simple form stating the date they wish to begin and the paintings they wish to copy. Non-French artists must also attach copies of their passports and recommendations from their embassies. The Louvre has an official stamp that it affixes to both sides of each copy. Copies of masterpieces must be one-fifth smaller or larger than originals, and they must also be inspected before leaving the museum. LESSON

10: Product Labels (pp. 30–31)

Answers will vary. LESSON

11: Writing to Compare and Contrast (pp. 32–33)

A. and B. Answers will vary. Check students’ explanations and sentences for accuracy.

—5

EXPOSITORY WRITING

LESSON

12: Announcements and Invitations (pp. 34–35)

LESSON

13: Planning for an Interview (pp. 38–39)

A. and B. Answers will vary.

A. and B. Answers will vary. Check students’ announcements, invitations, and obituaries. BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Mechanics: Proofreading (pp. 36–37) 1. The Vaganova ballet academy is a dance school in St. Petersburg. The Vaganova Ballet Academy is a dance school in St. Petersburg. 2. This russian ballet school was founded in 1738 This Russian ballet school was founded in 1738. 3. The school is is named after Agrippini vaganova, one of its Teachers. The school is named after Agrippini Vaganova, one of its teachers. 4. Potential students have must a medical examin ation before enrolling. Potential students must have a medical examination before enrolling.

frag.

5. Classesand practice each day, six days a sp weak, for eight years. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Classes and practice are required each day, six days a week, for eight years.

6. For every student admitted, nine are turned awayRO about 60 are admitted each year. For every student admitted, nine are turned away. About 60 are admitted each year.

sp

7. For practice, students may ware tights leotards and shorts.

LESSON

14: Taking Notes (pp. 40–41)

A. 1. Notes can help Myra find her way to the library. The notes should include street names, the directions (left, right, south, north, east, west) she should turn at various points, and the street address of the library. 2. Notes can help Jon’s father get the correct message. Jon’s notes should include the name and number of the caller, along with a brief message. 3. Notes can help David remember what he learns in his research. His notes should include the name of the store and information about the different brands, features, prices, and options of the computers he researches. 4. Notes will help Alicia make her connections. Her notes should include bus schedules and the locations of bus stops. 5. Notes will help Jerome remember where and when the skateboarding contest is. He should include the address, date, and time of the contest. 6. Notes will help Pat remember important details. He should take notes that answer the five Ws about the Vietnam War. B. Paragraphs about the koala will vary. Check students’ work for accuracy, based on the notes. LESSON

15: Short-Answer Test Questions (pp. 42–43)

All the sample answers have superfluous information. Revised answers:

replied

1. Forces deep within the earth continually affect the earth’s surface. The energy from these forces is stored within the rocks. When this energy is released suddenly, an earthquake occurs. 2. Ponce de León came from Spain and explored Florida in 1513. Another famous explorer was Hernando Cortés, a Spanish adventurer who conquered Mexico in 1519–1521.

“Wouldn’t you like to join an American ballet company?” Emma asked. “I’d prefer to study someplace in Europe,” Mikhail replied.

3. A jury that is unable to reach a verdict of guilty or not guilty is called a “hung jury.” When this happens, the result is a mistrial.

For practice, students may wear tights, leotards, and shorts.

an

8. Wouldnt you like to join american ballet company? Emma asked.

I’d prefer

to study someplace in europe Mikhail

6—EXPOSITORY

WRITING

4. The Mesozoic Era is more popularly known as the Age of Reptiles. This era began 245 million years ago and lasted for 180 million years. 5. The Taj Mahal is a marble mausoleum in India. It was built in the seventeenth century by a king for his wife. BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Vocabulary: Precise Word Choice (pp. 44–45) A. and B. Answers will vary. LESSON

16: Thesis Statements for Essay Questions (pp. 46–47)

A. 1. no 6. no

2. yes 3. yes 4. no 7. no 8. no 9. no

5. no

Students’ improved thesis statements and new thesis statements will vary. POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. A child’s first five years can mean the difference between a successful life and an unsuccessful life. 4. New York is a far more exciting city than Los Angeles. 5. The antiquated air conditioning system in our school has contributed directly to the poor health of some of our students. 6. The salaries of baseball players should be adjusted downward so that ticket prices could be lowered. 7. Downhill racing is the most exciting sport in the Olympic Games. 8. Changing your bedspread will give a new feel to your room. 9. “The Star-Spangled Banner” may not be the best choice for our national anthem. B.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. Traveling is a waste of money. 2. We’d all be better off without cell phones. 3. Life is harder for twins because they always have to share their parents’ attention. 4. Big-city life offers greater opportunities for young people to learn about culture than small-town life does. 5. Workers in America need more vacation time. 6. After-school jobs invariably affect students’ grades negatively. 7. Girls younger than 16 should not be allowed to use makeup.

8. It’s more important to dress in the current style than to dress in becoming clothes. 9. A person who has to wear a uniform to school can never develop a sense of style. 10. Being an only child is a great advantage when it comes to having money for college. 11. To accompany the evening meal, classical music is the best choice. LESSON

17: Writing a Letter to Request Information (pp. 48–49)

Answers will vary. Check students’ letters for correct style and format. LESSON

18: More Letter Writing (pp. 50–51)

A. Check students’ letters for style and format. B. 1. friendly 2. business

3. business 4. friendly

C. Check students’ letters for style and format. BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: Nouns (pp. 52–53) A. Sample answers: 1. a. Aunt Katherine b. uncle 2. a. Albuquerque b. mall 3. a. Transamerica Building b. library 4. The apple has a worm in it. 5. Darla’s grandparents sent her a check for her birthday. 6. Linda threw a spectacular party for her daughter’s graduation. 7. The Andersons spent their summer vacation at Lake Tahoe. 8. Ten new computers were delivered to the school. 9. Gary lent his car to Geraldine. B. 1. book; The books were delivered to the store two weeks late. 2. man; The men need several new bookcases. 3. The Wilkinsons; Miss Wilkinson buys all her books online. 4. austin; Wanda bought a travel book about Austin, Texas. 5. Bookstores; Our city has about 10 bookstores.

—7

EXPOSITORY WRITING

6. David; Diane (or any girl’s name) will turn in her book report in May. 7. Maria; Mario (or any boy’s name) passed his driving test the first time he took it. 8. book; Sixteen books were displayed on the shelf. 9. empire state building; I bought this book in the gift store of the Empire State Building. 10. vendors; The vendor sold her entire stock of travel books. 11. commander; This book is called Master and Commander. 12. Books; Diane gave more than a hundred books to charity. 13. Love; Mary’s lifelong love of books began in early childhood. 14. Grandmother; Her grandmother read to her at every opportunity. LESSON

19: Newspaper Story (pp. 54–55)

A. 1. an explosion 2. in a building shared by a sardine cannery and a fireworks factory 3. two security guards 4. at 2:45 on the night of June 13 5. A fire caused the fireworks supplies to explode, but no one knows what caused the fire. B. Students’ stories will vary. Check for answers to the five Ws.

8—EXPOSITORY

WRITING

LESSON

20: Problem-and-Solution Essay (pp. 56–57)

A. and B. Answers will vary. LESSON

21: School Report: An Admirable Person (pp. 58–59)

A. and B. Answers will vary. BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE: The Writing Process: Paraphrasing and Summarizing (pp. 60–61) POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. His strong sense of fear made his throat tighten to the point that he almost choked on some cornbread. 2. I hope that the reader has been able to visualize and understand the beauty of Venice streets during the 1400s and the 1500s. 3. Good days are easy to come by, but good lives are something else. A good life includes a spiritual side and is the opposite of a sensational life. 4. As Cathy got older, other children began to see her as different and so began avoiding her. FINAL PROJECT: Essay (pp. 62–64) Students’ essays will vary.