Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects: A Complete Global Resource for Astronomers

Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series Other Titles in This Series Navigating the Night Sky How to Identify the S...

Author: Jeff Farinacci

148 downloads 883 Views 6MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series

Other Titles in This Series Navigating the Night Sky How to Identify the Stars and Constellations Guilherme de Almeida Observing and Measuring Visual Double Stars Bob Argyle (Ed.) Observing Meteors, Comets, Supernovae and other transient Phenomena Neil Bone Human Vision and The Night Sky How to Improve Your Observing Skills Michael P. Borgia How to Photograph the Moon and Planets with Your Digital Camera Tony Buick Practical Astrophotography Jeffrey R. Charles Pattern Asterisms A New Way to Chart the Stars John Chiravalle Deep Sky Observing The Astronomical Tourist Steve R. Coe Visual Astronomy in the Suburbs A Guide to Spectacular Viewing Antony Cooke Visual Astronomy Under Dark Skies A New Approach to Observing Deep Space Antony Cooke Real Astronomy with Small Telescopes Step-by-Step Activities for Discovery Michael K. Gainer The Practical Astronomer’s Deep-sky Companion Jess K. Gilmour Observing Variable Stars Gerry A. Good

Observer’s Guide to Stellar Evolution The Birth, Life and Death of Stars Mike Inglis Field Guide to the Deep Sky Objects Mike Inglis Astronomy of the Milky Way The Observer’s Guide to the Southern/ Northern Sky Parts 1 and 2 hardcover set Mike Inglis Astronomy of the Milky Way Part 1: Observer’s Guide to the Northern Sky Mike Inglis Astronomy of the Milky Way Part 2: Observer’s Guide to the Southern Sky Mike Inglis Observing Comets Nick James and Gerald North Telescopes and Techniques An Introduction to Practical Astronomy Chris Kitchin Seeing Stars The Night Sky Through Small Telescopes Chris Kitchin and Robert W. Forrest Photo-guide to the Constellations A Self-Teaching Guide to Finding Your Way Around the Heavens Chris Kitchin Solar Observing Techniques Chris Kitchin How to Observe the Sun Safely Lee Macdonald The Sun in Eclipse Sir Patrick Moore and Michael Maunder Transit When Planets Cross the Sun Sir Patrick Moore and Michael Maunder (continued at the end of the book)

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects A Complete Global Resource for Astronomers

Jeff A. Farinacci

Includes CD-ROM

Jeff A. Farinacci [email protected]

Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series ISSN 1617-7185 ISBN 978-1-387-72850-6

e-ISBN 978-0-387-72851-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007934533 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY-10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. The star charts in this book were created by Chris Marriott’s SkyMap Pro. For more information, see http://www.skymap.com Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

To my first teachers: my parents. They taught me to read, encouraged me at critical moments, and gave me the opportunity to develop my abilities. I shall be eternally indebted to them.

Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Description of the Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Running the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Note on the Deep Sky Object List file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to read the Output file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 3 3 5 8 8

The Constellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Andromeda, Princess of Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antlia, the Air Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apus, the Bird of Paradise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aquarius, the Water Bearer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aquila, the Eagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ara, the Altar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aries, the Ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auriga, the Charioteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boötes, the Bear Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caelum, the Sculptor’s Chisel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camelopardalis, the Giraffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancer, the Crab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canes Venatici, the Hunting Dogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canis Major, the Big Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

vii

viii

Contents

Canis Minor, the Little Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capricornus, the Sea Goat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carina, the Ship’s Keel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cassiopeia, Queen of Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centaurus, the Centaur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cepheus, King of Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cetus, the Whale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chamaeleon, the Chameleon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circinus, the Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Columba, the Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coma Berenices, the Hair of Queen Berenice of Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corona Australis, the Southern Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corona Borealis, the Northern Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corvus, the Crow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crater, the Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crux, the Southern Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cygnus, the Swan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delphinus, the Dolphin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dorado, the Swordfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Draco, the Dragon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equuleus, the Foal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eridanus, the River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fornax, the Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gemini, the Twins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grus, the Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hercules, the Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horologium, the Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydra, the Water Serpent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrus, the Sea Serpent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indus, the American Indian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lacerta, the Lizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leo, the Lion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leo Minor, the Smaller Lion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lepus, the Hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libra, the Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lupus, the Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lynx, the Lynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lyra, the Lyre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mensa, the Table Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microscopium, the Microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monoceros, the Unicorn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Musca, the Fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Norma, the Carpenter’s Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Octans, the Octant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ophiuchus, the Serpent Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orion, the Great Hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pavo, the Peacock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pegasus, the Flying Horse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134

Contents

ix

Perseus, the Hero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phoenix, the Firebird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pictor, the Painter’s Easel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pisces, the Fishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piscis Austrinus, the Southern Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Puppis, the Ship’s Stern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pyxis, The Ship’s Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reticulum, the Reticle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sagitta, the Arrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sagittarius, the Archer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scorpius, the Scorpion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sculptor, the Sculptor’s Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scutum, the Shield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serpens Caput, the Serpent’s Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serpens Cauda, the Serpent’s Tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sextans, the Sextant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taurus, the Bull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telescopium, the Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triangulum, the Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triangulum Australe, the Southern Triangle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tucana, the Toucan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ursa Major, the Great Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ursa Minor, the Smaller Bear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vela, the Ship’s Sail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virgo, the Maiden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volans, the Flying Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vulpecula, the Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 188

Constellations near the meridian in January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in March. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in May. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constellations near the meridian in December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Introduction

When is the best time to see the Andromeda Galaxy, known also as M31? What about M42, the Great Nebula in Orion? That depends on several factors. First, where you are on the planet Earth, second, what time of year it is, and third, when you like to do your observing. The best time to see anything through our atmosphere is when the sky object is near the meridian, the imaginary line that runs through the North Pole point in the sky, through the zenith (the point directly overhead), and through the South Pole point in the sky (which will be below the horizon for Northern Hemispherians). Let’s examine these three factors individually. Since the Earth is roughly spherical, and since we have divided it up into roughly 24 time zones to match the 24 hour clock we use, where you are on the Earth is important. You will see a different sky if you were standing on the North Pole than if you were standing on the South Pole. Also, since the Earth rotates in a continuous fashion and the time zones are quantized, this also creates a problem. For example, say you were twenty feet east of the imaginary line which divides two time zones, and you had a partner with whom you were in contact that was forty feet west of you, so that they were twenty feet west of the time zone line. Hence, their clock would measure one hour earlier than yours, so that when a certain star crossed the meridian, they would record it an hour earlier than you did, even though the two of you saw this passage at virtually the same instant. Likewise, if you were on the far eastern edge of a time zone and you had a partner on the far western edge of the same time zone, you would record the meridian passage of a star nearly an hour earlier than your partner. So, it matters where on the Earth you stand. 1

2

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

Next, the time of year matters since in summer, the night-time side of the Earth faces 180° opposite of the direction the night-time side faces six months later, so that different stars are visible at a certain time of night. That means that the stars you could see at midnight in July are close to the Sun in January, and thus, can’t be seen. Finally, when you like to observe the Universe is also important. Do you prefer to drag the scope out just before bedtime, or are you an early bird, and you like to get up a few hours before dawn? Stars that are coming up in the East just after sunset are setting in the West in the hours before dawn. So, since the meridian provides the best spot to see things, when the sky object crosses this line is the best time. If you are a night owl, you will get the pleasure of seeing the object a few months later than if you were an early bird. Truly, the early bird does catch the nebula. So, how does one use the charts in this book? For all the charts, the horizontal center of the graph represents midnight (more or less, again depending upon where you are in the time zone). The top of the graph and the bottom of the graph both represent 12:00 Noon. The horizontal axis represents the days throughout the year. You will see a shaded area across the bottom that bulges upwards in the middle of the year. This represents afternoon daylight with the top of the curve representing sunset. Mirror-image to this across the top is another shaded area that bulges downward. This represents morning daylight with the bottom curve representing dawn. Note that no correction is made for Daylight Saving Hours, only standard hours. Look at the first chart for Andromeda. For this chart and all charts, you will see lines that slope downward from left to right. For most constellations, these lines represent the times when the constellation is rising, crossing the meridian, or setting. How does one determine these times for constellations which represent extended (i.e., not point) objects? The author took an approximate central point to the constellation and used this point to determine the times. Looking at Andromeda, you see that it crosses the meridian shortly after sunset time in early to mid January, and finally sets at roughly 2 a.m. So if you wanted to see Andromeda at 4 a.m., you would be out of luck. But if you wanted to see Andromeda at 9 p.m., you could see it heading down in the West. Let’s say that you are a night owl and want to see Andromeda between the hours of 10 p.m. and midnight, close to the meridian. October and November are your best months to see it. If you were an early bird and wanted to see it between the hours of 3 a.m. and 5 a.m., then mid-July to mid-September is your best bet, and since this is after the “rising” line, this will be on the Eastern side of the sky. You will also notice that for Andromeda, there is a grayed-out section sloping down from January to the middle of August. These sloping grayed-out areas are after the constellation has set and before it has risen, so it can’t be seen. In general, any grayed-out section is a time when the constellation can’t be seen, either due to daylight or being hidden by Earth. Now, some constellations are circumpolar (such as Ursa Minor, if you’re far enough North). In these cases, there are no “rising” or “setting” lines, just the “meridian” line. For the constellation drawings in the book, North is approximately up on the page. (I say approximately because for constellations that take up a large portion of the celestial sphere, North for the East end is at a different angle than for the West end, since the drawings are projections on a flat page and come from a sphere). The only three exceptions are Eridanus, Orion and Scorpius, where North points

Introduction

3

to the left side of the page. Included with each constellation rendering is a table of the stars and their positions and magnitudes, as well as a table of Deep sky objects, (all 110 Messier objects, 453 NGC, 1 Collinder cluster, 1 Melotte Cluster and the Large Magellanic Cloud, for a total of 566) brighter than tenth magnitude, as well as their sky positions and magnitudes.

About the Software The CD-ROM accompanying this book has software written by the author. This software allows the user to determine what Deep Sky Objects (DSOs) are above the horizon for a time determined by the user. This CD-ROM contains the following files: 1. deepsky.exe This is the executable program. deepsky.exe requires the following three files to work. 2. DeepSkyObjectList.txt This is a text file that contains the database of the DSOs used by deepsky.exe. 3. location.dat This is a text file that contains the user’s geographic location. This file is described in detail below. 4. deltaT.dat This is a text file that contains the difference between the Earth’s Dynamical Time and Universal Time. This file is also described in detail below. When the program deepsky.exe is run, it produces a file named DSO.dat, which is a text file that tells the user what DSOs are above the horizon for the location described in location.dat at the time input to the program. This file tells the user the name of the DSO, what constellation it is in, what kind of DSO it is (galaxy, star cluster, nebula), its sky location (Right ascension and Declination, as well as the Azimuth and Elevation), the visual magnitude, the angular diameter in arc-minutes, and a brief textual description of the DSO. Such a file allows a user to quickly and easily plan a night’s observing session, whether it be after sunset, during the middle of the night, or before sunrise. The Azimuth in DSO. dat is to be regarded as a compass direction, measured in degrees. Azimuth = 0 is North, 90 is East, 180 is South, 270 is West. Elevation is the angular distance above the horizon, also measured in degrees. Thus, Elevation will range between 0 (right on the horizon) to 90 (being at the zenith point, directly overhead). If a DSO has an Azimuth of 105 degrees and an Elevation of 20 degrees, then the sky location of the DSO (at that given moment) is 20 degrees above the horizon spot that is 15 degrees South of East.

Description of the Files The file location.dat contains the geographic information of the user’s viewing location. This file can contain the geolocation information for many different spots, but only the first spot is used by the deepsky.exe program. If the user has several different spots from which they may do some observing, then the data may be kept in the file (recommendation: leave several blank lines between the blocks of data so as

4

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

to easily see them) and, if another location is desired to be used for another run of deepsky.exe, then edit the location.dat file and move the desired location to the top of the file. The geolocation data in the file is written in five lines. The first line contains the location’s latitude, and has three numbers. The first number on the line is the latitude degrees. For Northern Hemisphere locations, the latitude degrees is positive. For Southern Hemisphere locations, the latitude degrees is negative. The second number on the line is the latitude minutes. This number should always be positive, even if the location is in the Southern Hemisphere. The third and final number on the first line is the latitude seconds. This number is also always positive. If using a Southern Hemisphere location, the program deepsky.exe makes the correct calculation for the geolocation by determining the sign of the latitude degrees (the first number). The second line contains the location’s longitude, and has three numbers. The first number on the line is the longitude degrees. For locations West of the prime meridian, the longitude degrees is negative. For locations East of the prime meridian, the longitude degrees is positive. The second number on the line is the longitude minutes. This number should always be positive, regardless of being East or West. The third and final number on the second line is the longitude seconds. This number is also always positive. If using a location West of the prime meridian (thus having a negative longitude), the program deepsky.exe makes the correct calculation for the geolocation by determining the sign of the longitude degrees (the first number). The third line contains a single number, which is the elevation above sea level of the geolocation, in meters. The fourth line contains a single number, which is the correction from Universal Time to Local Time. If the user needs to add 5 hours to Local Time in order to obtain Universal Time, then the number on the fourth line should be 5. If the user needs to subtract 2 hours from Local Time to obtain Universal Time, then the number on the fourth line should be -2. For those areas observing Daylight Saving Time, this number will need to be changed when the transition occurs from Standard Time to DST or back. The fifth line is a text line describing the location. Blank spaces are allowed. Some examples might be My Backyard or My Favorite Spot in the Mountains or The Astronomy Club’s countryside viewing location. This text line should be 70 characters or less in length. This text line is printed in the header of the output file DSO.dat, thus allowing the user to quickly see where the data is to be used from. Here is an example location.dat file, showing two different locations. These blocks of data for these locations are separated by three blank lines. Comments are located following “<<<” on the lines, but should not be found in the file. 33 23 52.0 -111 47 0.0 378.0 7

<<< Latitude 33 deg 23 min 52.0 sec North <<< Longitude 111 deg 47 min 0.0 sec West <<< Elevation 378.0 meters above sea level <<< Add 7 hours to Local Time to get UT

Introduction

Silvergate Park near home

37 6 55.0 -94 29 0.0 299.0 5 Dad’s House

5

<<< Text description of the location <<< blank line <<< blank line <<< blank line <<< Latitude 37 deg 6 min 55.0 sec North <<< Longitude 94 deg 29 min 0.0 sec West <<< Elevation 299.0 meters above sea level <<< Add 5 hours to Local Time to get UT <<< Text description of the location

Now, if the user wanted to switch locations, then edit this file and move the five lines for the desired location to the top of the file and save the file on the computer. When deepsky.exe is run again, it will use this location. So, edit this file and create your own library of locations for use in the deepsky program. The file named deltaT.dat contains a single number, which is the difference between the Earth’s Dynamical Time and Universal Time. This difference is in seconds. Since the Earth’s rotation is not perfectly consistent, (Earth’s rotation is slowing down, albeit at a very slow rate), there is a difference between the “perfect” time and the “actual” time as determined by the Earth’s rotation. This difference is represented by the number in the deltaT.dat file. At the time of publication, this difference was 65.184 seconds. This is the constant 32.184 plus the current number of leap seconds (33 seconds as of January 1, 2006). This data was obtained from the website http://maia.usno.navy.mil/bulletin-a.html which is from the United States Naval Observatory. For future updates, look for the latest issue of IERS Bulletin A. If this number changes, then edit the file and put in the new number.

Running the Software First, copy the four files described above into a directory (or folder) on your computer. This is how to create a new folder on your PC Desktop: right-click the mouse on the PC Desktop. This brings up a menu. Drag the mouse pointer down to “New”, which brings up another menu. Slide the mouse over to “Folder” and click on this. This will create a new folder icon, with the name “New Folder” highlighted. You can type in a new name, such as “Astronomy”, at this point to give your new folder a new name. When you have finished typing in a new name, you may either press the “Enter” key on the keyboard, or left-click the mouse to finish. Double-click the folder to open this new folder. Put the CD into your CD-ROM drive in your computer. Open the CD by double clicking on the icon labeled “My Computer” and then clicking on the icon for the CD Drive. You may then copy the files to the new folder you created by dragging the files to this new folder. Click on the icon for the program deepsky.exe. A window will open. See Figure 1. At the top of the window is the geolocation information specified in the first five lines of the file location.dat. A description of the file DeepSkyObjectList.txt is printed next, telling the user how many Deep sky objects are in the list, along with how many are of each type. The user is prompted to input a Month, Day, Year, Hour and Minute for the computation. Use 1 for January, 2 for February, etc., for the month number and use a four-digit number for the year. For the hour, use

Figure 1. Running the deepsky.exe program

6 Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

Figure 2. Results of running the deepsky.exe program

Introduction 7

8

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

a integer from the 24 hour day, meaning, use 20 for 8 o’clock p.m. Once these 5 data are entered, press the Enter key. If you want to quit, simply enter 0 and press Enter. For example, to enter the time of October 18, 2007 at 8:00 p.m., enter 10 18 2007 20 0 <Enter>. The user is next asked “What do you want to see?” Enter 0 to see a listing for all types, 1 for star clusters only, 2 for galaxies only, 3 for nebulae only and 4 for the other types only. The user is then asked “What is the magnitude limit?” Only DSOs brighter than the magnitude limit that is input will be listed in the output file DSO.dat. When the Enter key is pressed, a listing of the DSOs visible at the geolocation and at the time entered will be produced in the window, as well as to the output file DSO.dat. When the user is done, enter 0 at the first prompt to end the deepsky.exe program. Then check the computer’s directory for the file DSO.dat to see the output. The screen for a sample run with the magnitude limit of 4 is found in Figure 2.

A Note on the Deep Sky Object List file Although many hours of research produced the database in the Deep sky object List, there are 13 DSOs for which a magnitude could not be determined. For these cases, a magnitude of 99.9 was put into the database. Furthermore, there are 828 DSOs in the database, which is 262 more than in the book. This database is in the file DeepSkyObjectList.txt.

How to read the Output file When deepsky.exe is run, it produces an output file named DSO.dat in the same directory where the software is located. If you click on the icon for DSO.dat, this file should open in Microsoft Wordpad, although it can also be opened in Microsoft Word. If using Microsoft Word, you might have to set the page parameters, to view the file in its full width. This file contains the results of the calculations performed by deepsky. The first four lines are the geolocation header, which tells the user which location was used by deepsky. This will be the first geolocation in the file location.dat. Following this, a row of asterisks with DEEP SKY OBJECTS is printed out. The next line indicates the time requested for the output. The next line gives the local sidereal time (that is, the Right ascension) that is on the meridian at that moment. The next line lists the magnitude limit requested for the output. The DSO table header are on the next three lines. Then, a listing of all the DSOs that are above the horizon at that moment for that location. The DSO table consists of ten columns. The first column is the astronomical designation (such as M1 or NGC2237) of the DSO. The second column is the constellation in which the DSO appears. The third column tells the type of DSO,

Introduction

9

such as Globular Cluster, Open Cluster, Spiral Galaxy, etc. The fourth column is the Right ascension (R.A.) and has two numbers: the first are the hours (h) and the second are the minutes (m). The fifth column is the Declination (Dec) and has two numbers: the first are the degrees (deg) and the second are the minutes (min). The sixth column is the Visual Magnitude (Vis Mag) of the DSO. The seventh column is the Angular Diameter (Ang Dia) in arc-minutes (arc-min) for the DSO. The eighth column is the Azimuth (AZ) of the DSO at that moment. Azimuth is the “compass direction.” North is Azimuth = 0, East is Azimuth = 90, South is Azimuth = 180, West is Azimuth = 270. Azimuth ranges from 0 (including 0) up to (but less than) 360. Thus, if the table has AZ = 75.00, then this is 15 degrees North of East. If the Azimuth is 210.50, then this is 30.5 degrees West of South, or 59.5 degrees South of West. The ninth column is the Elevation above the horizon (EL). If the Elevation is 90.00, then the DSO is directly overhead. If the Elevation is 30.00, then the DSO is 30 degrees above the horizon. The tenth column is a description of the DSO. Not all DSOs in the DeepSkyObjectList. txt file have descriptions for them. Some do, such as the Andromeda Galaxy or the Great Orion Nebula. The printout is 111 columns wide and should fit onto a standard sheet of paper, printed in Landscape Mode.

The Constellations

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

12

Andromeda Princess of Ethiopia

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

00 h 01 h 02 h 02 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 23 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 23 h 01 h

+29° +35° +42° +42° +30° +29° +24° +23° +38° +43° +44° +46° +38° +41° +45° +42° +33° +37° +36° +40° +41° +47° +44° +46° +45°

2.06 2.06 2.26 4.84 3.27 4.37 4.06 4.42 4.61 4.29 4.14 3.82 3.87 4.53 4.88 3.62 4.36 5.18 4.52 4.94 4.09 4.25 4.98 4.95 4.83

08 m 09 m 03 m 03 m 39 m 38 m 47 m 57 m 17 m 38 m 40 m 37 m 56 m 49 m 22 m 01 m 36 m 21 m 18 m 40 m 36 m 09 m 39 m 46 m 27 m

23.2 s 43.9 s 53.9 s 54.7 s 19.6 s 33.3 s 20.3 s 12.4 s 05.4 s 08.1 s 24.4 s 33.8 s 45.1 s 48.8 s 20.3 s 55.2 s 52.8 s 07.2 s 19.6 s 34.7 s 47.8 s 30.1 s 20.9 s 02.0 s 39.2 s

05′ 37′ 19′ 19′ 51′ 18′ 16′ 25′ 40′ 16′ 20′ 27′ 29′ 04’ 31′ 19′ 43′ 58′ 47′ 34′ 24′ 14′ 23′ 25′ 24′

26′′ 14′′ 47′′ 51′′ 40′′ 43′′ 02′′ 04′′ 54′′ 05′′ 02′′ 30′′ 58′′ 44′′ 44′′ 34′′ 10′′ 07′′ 07′′ 37′′ 20′′ 31′′ 10′′ 13′′ 25′′

The Constellations

13

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M31 M32 M110 NGC 752 NGC 891 NGC 956 NGC 7662 NGC 7686

Andromeda Galaxy Satellite to M31 Satellite to M31 Open Cluster Edge-On Spiral Galaxy Open Cluster The Blue Snowball Nebula Open Cluster

00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 02 h 02 h 23 h 23 h

+41° +40° +41° +37° +42° +44° +42° +49°

3.4 8.1 8.5 5.7 10.0 8.9 9.0 5.6

42 m 42 m 40 m 57 m 22 m 32 m 25 m 30 m

42 s 42 s 24 s 48 s 33 s 31 s 54 s 12 s

16.0′ 52.0′ 41.0′ 41.0′ 21.0′ 35.6′ 33.0′ 08.0′

Andromeda 12 Noon rising

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

setting

3 a.m. meridian rising Midnight setting 9 p.m.

6 p.m. meridian

Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

14

Antlia the Air Pump

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α δ ε ζ1 ζ2 ζ3 η θ ι

10 h 10 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 10 h

−31° −30° −35° −31° −31° −31° −35° −27° −37°

4.25 5.56 4.51 7.21 6.35 5.93 5.23 4.79 4.60

27 m 29 m 29 m 30 m 30 m 31 m 58 m 44 m 56 m

09.1 s 35.3 s 14.7 s 45.4 s 46.1 s 32.2 s 52.2 s 12.1 s 43.0 s

04′ 36′ 57′ 53′ 53′ 52′ 53′ 46′ 08′

04′′ 26′′ 06′′ 29′′ 22′′ 18′′ 28′′ 10′′ 16′′

The Constellations

15 Antlia

12 Noon setting 9 a.m. meridian

Daylight 6 a.m.

rising 3 a.m.

Midnight meridian

setting

rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

16

Apus the Bird of Paradise

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2

14 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 14 h 17 h 14 h 14 h 17 h 15 h 15 h

−79° −77° −78° −78° −78° −80° −67° −81° −76° −70° −73° −73°

3.83 4.24 3.89 4.68 5.27 5.06 4.78 4.91 5.50 5.41 5.49 5.65

47 m 43 m 33 m 20 m 20 m 22 m 21 m 18 m 05 m 22 m 31 m 40 m

51.6 s 04.4 s 27.1 s 20.7 s 26.7 s 22.7 s 59.5 s 13.6 s 19.8 s 05.8 s 30.8 s 21.2 s

02′ 31′ 53′ 41′ 40′ 06′ 46′ 00′ 47′ 07′ 23′ 26′

41′′ 03′′ 49′′ 45′′ 02′′ 32′′ 13′′ 27′′ 48′′ 24′′ 22′′ 48′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6101

Globular Cluster

16 h 25 m 48 s

−72° 12.1′

9.3

The Constellations

17 Apus

12 Noon Daylight

meridian

9 a.m. 6 a.m. 3 a.m. Midnight meridian 9 p.m. 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Apus is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

18

Aquarius the Water Bearer

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ ϕ χ ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ω1 ω2

22 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 20 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h

−00° −05° −01° −15° −09° −00° −00° −00° −07° −13° −04° −07° −08° −11° −07° −02° +01° −07° −10° −13° −14° −20° −06° −07° −09° −09° −09° −14° −14°

2.96 2.91 3.84 3.27 3.77 4.42 4.59 4.02 4.16 4.27 5.03 3.74 4.73 4.51 4.69 4.69 4.66 5.37 4.82 4.01 5.66 5.20 4.22 5.06 4.21 4.39 4.98 4.49 5.00

05 m 31 m 21 m 54 m 47 m 28 m 28 m 35 m 16 m 06 m 37 m 52 m 52 m 09 m 37 m 03 m 25 m 20 m 30 m 49 m 47 m 34 m 14 m 16 m 15 m 17 m 18 m 42 m 39 m

46.9 s 33.4 s 39.3 s 38.9 s 40.5 s 50.0 s 49.6 s 21.3 s 49.9 s 26.1 s 45.3 s 36.8 s 39.1 s 35.5 s 45.0 s 18.7 s 16.5 s 11.8 s 38.7 s 35.4 s 42.7 s 41.6 s 19.3 s 50.8 s 53.4 s 54.1 s 57.6 s 43.2 s 47.0 s

19′ 34′ 23′ 49′ 29′ 01′ 01′ 07′ 47′ 52′ 13′ 34′ 59′ 22′ 51′ 09′ 22′ 49′ 40′ 35′ 03′ 42′ 02′ 43′ 05′ 10′ 36′ 32′ 13′

11′′ 16′′ 14′′ 15′′ 45′′ 12′′ 13′′ 03′′ 00′′ 11′′ 41′′ 47′′ 00′′ 18′′ 15′′ 19′′ 39′′ 16′′ 41′′ 33′′ 23′′ 30′′ 56′′ 36′′ 16′′ 57′′ 38′′ 42′′ 18′′

The Constellations

19

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M2 M72 M73 NGC 7009 NGC 7293

Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster The Saturn Nebula The Helix Nebula

21 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 22 h

−00° −12° −12° −11° −20°

6.4 9.3 8.9 8.0 7.3

33 m 53 m 59 m 04 m 29 m

29.3 s 30.0 s 00.0 s 10.7 s 38.4 s

49.4′ 32.0′ 38.0′ 21.6′ 50.2′

Aquarius 12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

20

Aquila the Eagle

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω1 ω2

19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 19 h 20 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h

+08° +06° +10° +03° +15° +13° +01° −00° −01° −07° −04° +07° +00° +08° +10° +11° +15° +05° +07° +07° +11° +11° +13° +11° +11°

0.77 3.71 2.72 3.36 4.02 2.99 3.90 3.23 4.36 4.95 3.44 4.45 4.66 4.71 5.11 5.72 4.95 5.17 5.52 5.91 5.28 5.27 6.26 5.28 6.02

50 m 55 m 46 m 25 m 59 m 05 m 52 m 11 m 36 m 36 m 06 m 34 m 26 m 54 m 51 m 48 m 14 m 39 m 04 m 45 m 56 m 42 m 44 m 17 m 19 m

46.9 s 18.7 s 15.5 s 29.8 s 37.3 s 24.5 s 28.3 s 18.2 s 43.2 s 53.4 s 14.8 s 05.3 s 31.0 s 14.8 s 01.5 s 42.0 s 16.5 s 11.5 s 08.2 s 39.8 s 14.1 s 33.9 s 34.0 s 48.9 s 52.9 s

52′ 24′ 36′ 06′ 04′ 51′ 00′ 49′ 17′ 01′ 52′ 22′ 20′ 27′ 24′ 48′ 11′ 23′ 16′ 36′ 25′ 49′ 18′ 35′ 32′

06′′ 24′′ 48′′ 53′′ 06′′ 48′′ 20′′ 17′′ 11′′ 39′′ 57′′ 44′′ 19′′ 41′′ 56′′ 57′′ 51′′ 52′′ 41′′ 48′′ 25′′ 36′′ 10′′ 44′′ 06′′

The Constellations

21

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

18 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h

+10° +11° +04° +01° +12° +12°

6.7 8.3 7.5 9.1 10.0 10.0

6709 6738 6755 6760 6840 6843

51 m 01 m 07 m 11 m 55 m 56 m

30.0 s 24.0 s 48.0 s 12.0 s 18.0 s 06.0 s

21.0′ 36.0′ 14.0′ 02.0′ 06.0′ 09.0′

Aquila 12 Noon rising

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m. setting

meridian

rising Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. setting

Daylight

3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

22

Ara the Altar

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε1 ε2 ζ η θ ι κ λ µ π σ

17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 18 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h

−49° −55° −56° −60° −53° −53° −55° −59° −50° −47° −50° −49° −51° −54° −46°

2.95 2.85 3.34 3.62 4.06 5.29 3.13 3.76 3.66 5.25 5.23 4.77 5.15 5.25 4.59

31 m 25 m 25 m 31 m 59 m 03 m 58 m 49 m 06 m 23 m 25 m 40 m 44 m 38 m 35 m

50.4 s 17.9 s 23.5 s 05.9 s 35.0 s 08.6 s 37.1 s 47.0 s 37.7 s 16.0 s 59.9 s 23.4 s 08.6 s 05.5 s 39.4 s

52′ 31′ 22′ 41′ 09′ 14′ 59′ 02′ 05′ 28′ 38′ 24′ 50′ 30′ 30′

34′′ 47′′ 39′′ 01′′ 38′′ 13′′ 24′′ 29′′ 30′′ 05′′ 01′′ 56′′ 03′′ 01′′ 20′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster

16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h

−48° −47° −47° −53° −45° −48° −67° −53°

5.2 7.4 8.2 7.2 5.9 8.1 8.3 5.7

6193 6200 6204 6208 6250 6352 6362 6397

41 m 44 m 46 m 49 m 58 m 25 m 31 m 40 m

20.2 s 12.0 s 30.0 s 30.0 s 00.0 s 30.0 s 54.0 s 42.0 s

45.8′ 29.0′ 01.0′ 49.0′ 48.0′ 25.0′ 03.0′ 40.0′

The Constellations

23 Ara

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m. 6 p.m. Daylight

3 p.m. 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Ara is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

24

Aries the Ram

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε1 ε2 ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ1 ρ2 σ τ1 τ2

02 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 03 h 02 h 02 h 03 h 02 h 02 h 01 h 02 h 01 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 03 h 03 h

+23° +20° +19° +19° +19° +21° +21° +21° +21° +19° +17° +22° +23° +20° +21° +10° +15° +17° +18° +18° +15° +20° +21°

2.00 2.64 4.75 4.83 4.35 4.63 4.63 4.89 5.27 5.62 5.10 5.03 4.79 5.69 5.30 5.47 5.77 5.22 5.91 5.63 5.49 5.09 5.28

07 m 54 m 53 m 53 m 11 m 59 m 59 m 14 m 12 m 18 m 57 m 06 m 57 m 42 m 38 m 24 m 44 m 49 m 55 m 56 m 51 m 22 m 21 m

10.3 s 38.3 s 31.8 s 31.7 s 37.7 s 12.6 s 12.6 s 54.0 s 48.0 s 07.5 s 21.0 s 33.8 s 55.7 s 21.9 s 48.9 s 49.0 s 32.9 s 17.5 s 48.4 s 26.1 s 29.5 s 45.2 s 13.6 s

27′ 48′ 17′ 17′ 43′ 20′ 20′ 02′ 12′ 54′ 49′ 38′ 35′ 00′ 57′ 36′ 18′ 27′ 19′ 01′ 04′ 44′ 08′

45′′ 29′′ 37′′ 45′′ 36′′ 25′′ 25′′ 40′′ 39′′ 04′′ 03′′ 54′′ 46′′ 42′′ 41′′ 38′′ 42′′ 51′′ 54′′ 23′′ 55′′ 31′′ 49′′

The Constellations

25 Aries

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m. setting 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. rising Midnight setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight rising 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

26

Auriga the Charioteer

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4 ψ5

05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 06 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h

+45° +44° +54° +43° +41° +41° +37° +33° +29° +40° +38° +39° +55° +49° +45° +41° +37° +39° +37° +34° +32° +42° +49° +39° +44° +43°

0.08 1.90 3.72 2.99 3.75 3.17 2.62 2.69 4.35 4.71 4.86 3.97 4.99 5.47 4.26 5.23 4.99 4.52 4.74 5.07 4.76 4.79 4.91 5.20 5.02 5.25

16 m 59 m 59 m 01 m 02 m 06 m 59 m 56 m 15 m 19 m 13 m 51 m 54 m 45 m 59 m 21 m 24 m 49 m 51 m 27 m 32 m 39 m 24 m 38 m 43 m 46 m

41.3 s 31.7 s 31.6 s 58.1 s 28.6 s 30.8 s 43.2 s 59.6 s 22.6 s 08.4 s 25.6 s 29.3 s 50.7 s 54.0 s 56.1 s 48.4 s 39.1 s 10.4 s 02.4 s 38.8 s 43.6 s 19.8 s 53.8 s 49.1 s 04.9 s 44.3 s

59′ 56′ 17′ 49′ 04′ 14′ 12′ 09′ 29′ 05′ 29′ 08′ 42′ 49′ 56′ 48′ 23′ 10′ 18′ 28′ 11′ 29′ 17′ 54′ 31′ 34′

53′′ 51′′ 05′′ 24′′ 33′′ 04′′ 45′′ 58′′ 53′′ 57′′ 04′′ 55′′ 25′′ 35′′ 13′′ 17′′ 08′′ 52′′ 20′′ 33′′ 31′′ 20′′ 17′′ 09′′ 28′′ 39′′

The Constellations

27

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

ψ6 ψ7 ψ8 ψ9 ω

06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 04 h

+48° +41° +38° +46° +37°

5.22 5.02 6.48 5.87 4.94

47 m 50 m 53 m 56 m 59 m

39.5 s 45.9 s 56.9 s 32.2 s 15.3 s

47′ 46′ 30′ 16′ 53′

22′′ 53′′ 18′′ 27′′ 25′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M36 M37 M38 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Open

05 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h

+34° +32° +35° +43° +37° +39° +33° +35° +41°

6.0 5.6 6.4 7.6 7.7 7.0 7.5 8.2 5.4

1664 1778 1857 1893 1907 2281

Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster

36 m 52 m 28 m 51 m 08 m 20 m 22 m 28 m 48 m

17.7 s 18.3 s 42.5 s 08.4 s 05.7 s 05.5 s 45.1 s 04.5 s 17.8 s

8.4′ 33.2′ 51.3′ 40.5′ 01.4′ 20.6′ 25.2′ 19.5′ 04.7′

Auriga 12 Noon setting 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. setting

rising

Midnight

9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. rising 12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

28

Boötes the Bear Driver

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε1 ε2 ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ1 κ2 λ µ1 µ2 ν1 ν2 ξ ο π1 π2

14 h 15 h 14 h 15 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 13 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h

+19° +40° +38° +33° +27° +27° +13° +13° +18° +51° +51° +51° +51° +46° +37° +37° +40° +40° +19° +16° +16° +16°

−0.04 3.50 3.03 3.47 2.70 5.12 4.43 4.83 2.68 4.05 4.75 4.54 6.69 4.18 4.31 6.50 5.02 5.02 4.55 4.60 4.94 5.81

15 m 01 m 32 m 15 m 44 m 44 m 41 m 41 m 54 m 25 m 16 m 13 m 13 m 16 m 24 m 24 m 30 m 31 m 51 m 45 m 40 m 40 m

39.6 s 56.6 s 04.6 s 30.1 s 59.1 s 59.1 s 08.8 s 08.8 s 41.0 s 11.7 s 09.8 s 28.9 s 27.6 s 22.9 s 29.3 s 30.8 s 55.7 s 46.9 s 23.2 s 14.4 s 43.5 s 43.8 s

10′ 23′ 18′ 18′ 04′ 04′ 43′ 43′ 23′ 51′ 22′ 47′ 47′ 05′ 22′ 20′ 49′ 53′ 06′ 57′ 25′ 25′

57′′ 26′′ 29′′ 53′′ 27′′ 30′′ 42′′ 42′′ 52′′ 03′′ 02′′ 24′′ 15′′ 18′′ 38′′ 51′′ 59′′ 58′′ 04′′ 52′′ 06′′ 04′′

The Constellations

29

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

14 h 14 h 13 h 13 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h

+30° +29° +17° +15° +40° +29° +26° +25°

3.58 4.46 4.50 4.07 5.24 5.26 4.54 4.81

31 m 34 m 47 m 49 m 37 m 14 m 04 m 02 m

49.7 s 40.7 s 15.7 s 28.5 s 49.5 s 29.1 s 26.7 s 06.4 s

22′ 44′ 27′ 47′ 21′ 09′ 56′ 00′

17′′ 42′′ 24′′ 52′′ 12′′ 51′′ 51′′ 29′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 5466

Globular Cluster

14 h 05 m 30.0 s

+28° 32.0′

9.0

Boötes 12 Noon

meridian

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

setting 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

30

Caelum the Sculptor's Chisel

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ζ

04 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 04 h

−41° −37° −35° −35° −44° −30°

4.45 5.05 4.55 6.34 5.07 6.37

40 m 42 m 04 m 04 m 30 m 47 m

33.6 s 03.4 s 24.3 s 26.0 s 50.1 s 49.6 s

51′ 08′ 29′ 42′ 57′ 01′

50′′ 40′′ 00′′ 19′′ 14′′ 13′′

The Constellations

31 Caelum

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. rising

meridian

Midnight setting 9 p.m.

meridian rising 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

32

Camelopardalis the Giraffe

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ

04 h 54 m 03.0 s 05 h 03 m 25.1 s 03 h 50 m 21.5 s

+66° 20′ 34′′ +60° 26′ 32′′ +71° 19′ 57′′

4.29 4.03 4.63

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 1502 NGC 2403

Open Cluster Spiral Galaxy

04 h 07 m 49.3 s 07 h 36 m 51.8 s

+62° 19.9′ +65° 36.2′

6.9 8.4

The Constellations

33 Camelopardalis

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

34

Cancer the Crab

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 ζ3 η θ ι1 ι2 κ λ µ1 µ2 ν ξ ο ο π1 π2 ρ1 ρ2 σ1

08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 08 h

+11° + 9° +21° +18° +19° +17° +17° +17° +20° +18° +28° +28° +10° +24° +21° +22° +24° +22° +15° +15° +14° +14° +27° +27° +32°

4.25 3.52 4.66 3.94 6.30 5.44 6.20 6.01 5.33 5.35 4.02 6.57 5.24 5.98 5.30 5.99 5.45 5.14 5.20 5.67 5.34 6.51 5.22 5.22 5.20

58 m 16 m 43 m 44 m 40 m 12 m 12 m 12 m 32 m 31 m 46 m 46 m 07 m 20 m 07 m 06 m 02 m 09 m 57 m 57 m 15 m 12 m 55 m 55 m 59 m

29.2 s 30.9 s 17.1 s 41.0 s 26.9 s 12.6 s 12.6 s 13.2 s 42.4 s 35.7 s 41.8 s 40.0 s 44.8 s 32.1 s 45.8 s 18.3 s 44.2 s 21.5 s 14.9 s 35.1 s 13.8 s 17.5 s 39.6 s 39.6 s 32.6 s

51′ 11′ 28′ 09′ 32′ 38′ 38′ 38′ 26′ 05′ 45′ 45′ 40′ 01′ 34′ 38′ 27′ 02′ 19′ 34′ 56′ 59′ 55′ 55′ 25′

28′′ 08′′ 06′′ 15′′ 42′′ 52′′ 52′′ 51′′ 28′′ 40′′ 36′′ 55′′ 06′′ 20′′ 54′′ 08′′ 11′′ 43′′ 21′′ 53′′ 29′′ 46′′ 39′′ 39′′ 07′′

The Constellations

35

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

σ2 σ3 τ υ1 υ2 ϕ1 ϕ2 ϕ3 χ ψ ω1 ω2

08 h 08 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h

+32° +32° +29° +24° +24° +27° +26° +26° +27° +25° +25° +25°

5.66 5.45 5.43 5.75 6.36 5.57 6.32 6.30 5.14 5.73 5.83 6.31

52 m 56 m 08 m 31 m 33 m 26 m 26 m 26 m 20 m 10 m 00 m 01 m

34.6 s 56.6 s 00.0 s 30.4 s 00.0 s 27.6 s 46.7 s 47.0 s 03.8 s 27.1 s 55.8 s 43.7 s

28′ 54′ 39′ 04′ 05′ 53′ 56′ 56′ 13′ 30′ 23′ 05′

27′′ 37′′ 15′′ 52′′ 05′′ 36′′ 04′′ 07′′ 03′′ 26′′ 34′′ 23′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M44 M67

Beehive Cluster Open Cluster

08 h 40 m 22.2 s 08 h 51 m 20.1 s

+19° 40.3′ +11° 48.7′

3.1 6.9

Cancer 12 Noon Daylight

setting

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

meridian

3 a.m. rising

setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

36

Canes Venatici the Hunting Dogs

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β

12 h 56 m 01.6 s 12 h 56 m 00.3 s 12 h 33 m 44.5 s

+38° 19′ 06′′ +38° 18′ 53′′ +41° 21′ 27′′

2.90 5.60 4.26

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M3 M51 M63 M94 M106 NGC 4214 NGC 4449 NGC 4490 NGC 4631 NGC 5005 NGC 5195

Globular Cluster Whirlpool Galaxy Sunflower Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Irregular Galaxy The Cocoon Galaxy The Whale Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy

13 h 13 h 13 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h

+28° +47° +42° +41° +47° +36° +44° +41° +32° +37° +47°

5.9 8.4 8.6 8.1 8.4 9.7 9.4 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.6

42 m 29 m 15 m 50 m 18 m 15 m 28 m 30 m 42 m 10 m 30 m

12.0 s 52.1 s 49.1 s 54.0 s 57.5 s 39.5 s 12.0 s 36.0 s 06.0 s 56.6 s 00.0 s

23.0′ 11.7′ 01.8′ 07.0′ 18.2′ 19.6′ 06.0′ 38.0′ 33.0′ 03.5′ 16.0′

The Constellations

37 Canes Venatici

12 Noon

9 a.m. meridian

Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. rising

setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. setting 12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

38

Canis Major the Big Dog

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν1 ν2 ν3 ξ1 ξ2 ο1 ο1 π σ τ ω

06 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h

−16° −17° −15° −26° −28° −30° −29° −12° −17° −32° −32° −14° −19° −18° −18° −23° −22° −23° −24° −20° −27° −24° −26°

−1.46 1.98 4.12 1.84 1.50 3.02 2.45 4.07 4.37 3.96 4.48 5.00 3.95 5.70 4.43 4.33 4.54 3.02 3.87 4.68 3.47 4.40 3.85

45 m 22 m 03 m 08 m 58 m 20 m 24 m 54 m 56 m 49 m 28 m 56 m 36 m 36 m 37 m 31 m 35 m 03 m 54 m 55 m 01 m 18 m 14 m

08.9 s 41.9 s 45.4 s 23.4 s 37.5 s 18.7 s 05.6 s 11.3 s 08.1 s 50.4 s 10.1 s 06.6 s 41.0 s 22.8 s 53.3 s 51.3 s 03.3 s 01.4 s 07.8 s 37.3 s 43.1 s 42.4 s 48.6 s

42′ 57′ 38′ 23′ 58′ 03′ 18′ 02′ 03′ 30′ 34′ 02′ 15′ 39′ 14′ 25′ 57′ 50′ 11′ 08′ 56′ 57′ 46′

58′′ 22′′ 00′′ 35′′ 20′′ 48′′ 11′′ 19′′ 15′′ 31′′ 49′′ 37′′ 22′′ 36′′ 15′′ 06′′ 53′′ 00′′ 02′′ 11′′ 06′′ 15′′ 22′′

The Constellations

39

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M41 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Mexican Jumping Star Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

06 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h

−20° −18° −31° −13° −25° −15° −24° −21° −13° −20° −21°

4.5 8.6 9.4 7.7 6.5 7.2 4.1 7.9 8.0 8.4 7.4

2204 2243 2345 2354 2360 2362 2367 2374 2383 2384

46 m 15 m 29 m 08 m 14 m 17 m 18 m 20 m 23 m 24 m 25 m

00.0 s 32.2 s 34.5 s 18.8 s 15.3 s 43.1 s 41.5 s 04.5 s 56.1 s 39.9 s 11.8 s

45.3′ 39.9′ 16.9′ 11.6′ 41.5′ 38.5′ 57.3′ 53.1′ 15.8′ 56.8′ 01.4′

Canis Major

12 Noon

Daylight

setting

9 a.m.

6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. rising

setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m. Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

40

Canis Minor the Little Dog

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 δ3 ε ζ η

07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h

+05° +08° +08° +01° +03° +03° +09° +01° +06°

0.38 2.90 4.32 5.25 5.59 5.81 4.99 5.14 5.25

39 m 27 m 28 m 32 m 33 m 34 m 25 m 51 m 28 m

18.1 s 09.0 s 09.7 s 05.8 s 11.6 s 15.8 s 38.8 s 41.9 s 02.0 s

13′ 17′ 55′ 54′ 17′ 22′ 16′ 46′ 56′

30′′ 21′′ 32′′ 52′′ 25′′ 17′′ 34′′ 01′′ 31′′

The Constellations

41 Canis Minor

12 Noon setting

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. rising

setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. 6 p.m.

rising Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

42

Capricornus the Sea Goat

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ1 ξ2 ο1 ο2 π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

20 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 20 h 20 h

−12° −12° −14° −16° −16° −19° −22° −19° −17° −16° −18° −11° −13° −12° −12° −12° −18° −18° −18° −17° −19° −14° −18° −20° −21° −25° −26°

3.57 4.24 3.08 3.68 2.87 4.68 3.74 4.84 4.07 4.28 4.73 5.58 5.08 4.76 5.85 6.34 5.94 6.74 5.25 4.78 5.28 5.22 5.10 5.24 6.02 4.14 4.11

18 m 17 m 21 m 40 m 47 m 37 m 26 m 04 m 05 m 22 m 42 m 46 m 53 m 20 m 12 m 11 m 29 m 29 m 27 m 28 m 19 m 39 m 40 m 15 m 08 m 46 m 51 m

03.2 s 38.8 s 00.6 s 05.4 s 02.3 s 04.7 s 39.9 s 24.2 s 56.7 s 14.7 s 39.4 s 32.0 s 17.7 s 39.7 s 25.8 s 57.8 s 53.8 s 52.4 s 19.1 s 51.5 s 23.5 s 16.3 s 02.9 s 37.8 s 33.5 s 05.6 s 49.2 s

32′ 30′ 46′ 39′ 07′ 27′ 24′ 51′ 13′ 50′ 51′ 21′ 33′ 45′ 37′ 23′ 35′ 35′ 12′ 48′ 07′ 57′ 08′ 39′ 11′ 16′ 55′

42′′ 30′′ 53′′ 45′′ 38′′ 58′′ 41′′ 18′′ 58′′ 05′′ 59′′ 58′′ 07′′ 33′′ 03′′ 33′′ 00′′ 12′′ 42′′ 49′′ 07′′ 17′′ 19′′ 06′′ 37′′ 16′′ 09′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M30

Globular Cluster

21 h 40 m 21.9 s

−23° 10.7′

7.3

The Constellations

43 Capricornus

12 Noon Daylight

rising

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian

rising

setting

Midnight

9 p.m. setting

6 p.m.

Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

44

Carina the Ship's Keel

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β ε η θ ι υ1 υ2 χ ω

06 h 09 h 08 h 10 h 10 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 07 h 10 h

−52° −69° −59° −59° −64° −59° −65° −65° −52° −70°

−0.72 1.68 1.86 6.21 2.76 2.25 2.96 6.03 3.47 3.32

23 m 13 m 22 m 45 m 42 m 17 m 47 m 47 m 56 m 13 m

57.2 s 12.1 s 30.8 s 03.6 s 57.4 s 05.4 s 06.1 s 06.7 s 46.7 s 44.3 s

41′ 43′ 30′ 41′ 23′ 16′ 04′ 04′ 58′ 02′

44″ 02″ 34″ 03″ 40″ 31″ 18″ 21″ 56″ 16″

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Globular Cluster Planetary Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

07 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h

−60° −64° −58° −60° −57° −58° −58° −60° −58° −60° −60° −61°

3.8 6.3 9.7 4.2 7.6 4.7 6.7 8.2 3.0 6.6 8.2 9.1

2516 2808 2867 3114 3247 3293 3324 3496 3532 3572 3590 3603

58 m 12 m 21 m 02 m 25 m 35 m 37 m 59 m 05 m 10 m 12 m 15 m

07.2 s 02.6 s 25.4 s 42.7 s 52.0 s 53.8 s 18.7 s 33.8 s 47.5 s 19.2 s 59.0 s 06.0 s

45.2′ 51.8′ 18.7′ 06.5′ 55.6′ 14.2′ 39.6′ 20.2′ 46.2′ 14.9′ 47.3′ 15.0′

The Constellations

45 Carina

12 Noon

9 a.m.

meridian

Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Carina is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

46

Cassiopeia Queen of Ethiopia

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ1 υ2 ϕ

00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 02 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 00 h 00 h 01 h

+56° +59° +60° +60° +63° +53° +57° +55° +67° +62° +54° +54° +50° +50° +48° +47° +57° +55° +58° +59° +58° +58°

2.23 2.27 2.47 2.68 3.38 3.66 3.44 4.33 4.52 4.16 4.73 5.17 4.89 4.80 4.54 4.94 4.54 4.88 4.87 4.63 4.83 4.98

40 m 09 m 56 m 25 m 54 m 36 m 49 m 11 m 29 m 32 m 31 m 08 m 48 m 42 m 44 m 43 m 54 m 59 m 47 m 56 m 55 m 20 m

30.4 s 10.6 s 42.4 s 48.9 s 23.6 s 58.2 s 06.0 s 06.1 s 03.9 s 59.9 s 46.3 s 16.3 s 50.0 s 03.8 s 43.5 s 28.0 s 23.0 s 00.4 s 03.4 s 39.7 s 00.0 s 04.8 s

32′ 08′ 43′ 14′ 40′ 53′ 48′ 09′ 24′ 55′ 31′ 55′ 58′ 30′ 17′ 01′ 29′ 45′ 39′ 10′ 58′ 13′

15′′ 59′′ 00′′ 07′′ 13′′ 49′′ 58′′ 00′′ 09′′ 55′′ 20′′ 14′′ 06′′ 45′′ 04′′ 29′′ 58′′ 18′′ 07′′ 52′′ 22′′ 54′′

The Constellations

47

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

χ ψ ω

01 h 33 m 55.9 s 01 h 25 m 56.0 s 01 h 55 m 59.9 s

+59° 13′ 56′′ +68° 07′ 48′′ +68° 41′ 07′′

4.71 4.74 4.99

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M52 M103 NGC 103 NGC 129 NGC 133 NGC 146 NGC 147 NGC 185 NGC 189 NGC 225 NGC 281 NGC 381 NGC 433 NGC 436 NGC 457 NGC 559 NGC 637 NGC 654 NGC 659 NGC 663 NGC 1027 NGC 7635 NGC 7788 NGC 7789 NGC 7790

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Galaxy Galaxy Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Bubble Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

23 h 01 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 02 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h

+61° +60° +61° +60° +63° +63° +48° +48° +61° +61° +56° +61° +60° +58° +58° +63° +64° +61° +60° +61° +61° +61° +61° +56° +61°

6.9 7.4 9.8 6.5 8.5 9.1 9.3 9.2 8.8 7.0 7.4 9.3 9.0 8.8 6.4 9.5 8.2 6.5 7.9 7.1 6.7 6.9 9.4 6.7 8.5

24 m 33 m 25 m 29 m 31 m 33 m 33 m 39 m 39 m 43 m 52 m 08 m 15 m 15 m 19 m 29 m 43 m 43 m 44 m 46 m 42 m 20 m 56 m 57 m 58 m

12.0 s 21.8 s 17.4 s 54.1 s 16.9 s 03.9 s 12.0 s 00.0 s 35.7 s 32.3 s 59.3 s 14.9 s 09.2 s 57.7 s 32.6 s 29.1 s 03.1 s 59.4 s 23.0 s 16.0 s 35.1 s 42.0 s 42.0 s 00.0 s 24.0 s

35.0′ 39.5′ 19.3′ 12.6′ 21.2′ 18.6′ 30.0′ 20.0′ 05.7′ 47.4′ 37.3′ 35.0′ 07.5′ 49.0′ 17.4′ 18.5′ 02.2′ 53.0′ 40.1′ 13.1′ 35.7′ 12.0′ 24.0′ 44.0′ 13.0′

Cassiopeia 12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m. 6 p.m. meridian 3 p.m.

Daylight

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar

Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

48

Centaurus the Centaur

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ1 ξ2 ο1 ο2 π ρ σ τ υ1 υ2 ϕ χ ψ

14 h 14 h 14 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 14 h 14 h 13 h 14 h 11 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 14 h 13 h 14 h 14 h

−60° −60° −60° −48° −50° −53° −47° −42° −36° −36° −42° −63° −42° −41° −49° −49° −59° −59° −54° −52° −50° −48° −44° −45° −42° −41° −37°

−0.01 1.33 0.61 2.17 2.60 2.30 2.55 2.31 2.06 2.75 3.13 3.13 3.04 3.41 4.85 4.27 5.13 5.15 3.89 3.96 3.91 3.86 3.87 4.34 3.83 4.36 4.05

39 m 39 m 03 m 41 m 08 m 39 m 55 m 35 m 06 m 20 m 59 m 35 m 49 m 49 m 03 m 06 m 31 m 31 m 21 m 11 m 28 m 37 m 58 m 01 m 58 m 06 m 20 m

36.2 s 36.2 s 49.4 s 30.9 s 21.5 s 53.2 s 32.3 s 30.3 s 40.8 s 35.7 s 09.6 s 46.8 s 36.9 s 30.2 s 33.1 s 54.5 s 46.1 s 48.6 s 00.4 s 39.1 s 02.3 s 42.1 s 40.7 s 43.3 s 16.2 s 02.7 s 33.3 s

50′ 50′ 22′ 57′ 43′ 27′ 17′ 09′ 22′ 42′ 06′ 01′ 28′ 41′ 31′ 54′ 26′ 30′ 29′ 22′ 13′ 32′ 48′ 36′ 06′ 10′ 53′

07′′ 07′′ 22′′ 34′′ 20′′ 59′′ 18′′ 28′′ 12′′ 44′′ 15′′ 11′′ 26′′ 16′′ 38′′ 22′′ 32′′ 56′′ 27′′ 06′′ 51′′ 28′′ 13′′ 12′′ 03′′ 46′′ 07′′

The Constellations

49

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 3680 NGC 3766 NGC 3918 NGC 3960 NGC 4230 NGC 4852 NGC 4945 NGC 5102 NGC 5128 NGC 5138 NGC 5139 NGC 5168 NGC 5281 NGC 5286 NGC 5316 NGC 5460 NGC 5606 NGC 5617 NGC 5662

Open Cluster Open Cluster Blue Planetary Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Galaxy Galaxy Peculiar Galaxy Open Cluster ω Centauri Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h

−43° −61° −57° −55° −55° −59° −49° −36° −43° −59° −47° −60° −62° −51° −61° −48° −59° −60° −56°

7.6 5.3 8.0 8.3 9.4 8.9 9.6 9.7 7.0 7.6 3.5 9.1 5.9 7.6 6.0 5.6 7.7 6.3 5.5

25 m 36 m 50 m 50 m 17 m 00 m 05 m 21 m 25 m 27 m 26 m 31 m 46 m 46 m 53 m 07 m 27 m 29 m 35 m

42.0 s 06.0 s 17.8 s 33.2 s 18.0 s 06.0 s 24.0 s 57.5 s 29.0 s 15.2 s 45.9 s 07.3 s 36.0 s 24.0 s 54.0 s 36.0 s 48.0 s 48.0 s 12.0 s

15.0′ 37.0′ 10.9′ 40.6′ 08.0′ 36.0′ 28.0′ 37.8′ 01.0′ 02.5′ 28.6′ 56.3′ 54.0′ 22.0′ 52.0′ 19.0′ 38.0′ 43.0′ 33.0′

Centaurus 12 Noon

setting meridian

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. meridian setting

rising

Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

50

Cepheus King of Ethiopia

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ1 ρ2

21 h 21 h 23 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 20 h 20 h 22 h 20 h 22 h 21 h 21 h 22 h 23 h 23 h 22 h 22 h

+62° +70° +77° +58° +57° +58° +61° +62° +66° +77° +59° +58° +61° +64° +68° +75° +78° +78°

2.44 3.23 3.21 3.75 4.19 3.35 3.43 4.22 3.52 4.39 5.04 4.08 4.29 4.29 4.75 4.41 5.83 5.52

18 m 28 m 39 m 29 m 15 m 10 m 45 m 29 m 49 m 08 m 11 m 43 m 45 m 03 m 18 m 07 m 26 m 29 m

34.7 s 39.5 s 20.8 s 10.2 s 01.9 s 51.2 s 17.3 s 34.8 s 40.7 s 53.2 s 30.6 s 30.3 s 26.8 s 47.3 s 37.4 s 53.8 s 42.4 s 52.8 s

35′ 33′ 37′ 24′ 02′ 12′ 50′ 59′ 12′ 42′ 24′ 46′ 07′ 37′ 06′ 23′ 47′ 49′

08′′ 39′′ 57′′ 55′′ 37′′ 05′′ 20′′ 39′′ 02′′ 41′′ 53′′ 48′′ 15′′ 41′′ 42′′ 16′′ 09′′ 28′′

The Constellations

51

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Spiral Galaxy Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

00 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 23 h

+85° +60° +60° +68° +65° +62° +55° +57° +58° +58° +60° +68°

8.1 7.8 8.8 7.1 9.3 6.1 9.6 7.7 8.4 7.2 7.9 10.0

188 6939 6946 7023 7142 7160 7226 7235 7261 7380 7510 7762

47 m 31 m 34 m 01 m 45 m 53 m 10 m 12 m 20 m 47 m 11 m 49 m

29.7 s 24.0 s 48.0 s 35.5 s 09.4 s 40.2 s 30.0 s 36.0 s 24.0 s 00.0 s 30.0 s 48.0 s

14.5′ 38.0′ 09.0′ 10.2′ 46.5′ 36.2′ 25.0′ 17.0′ 05.0′ 06.0′ 34.0′ 02.0′

Cepheus 12 Noon 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

52

Cetus the Whale

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2 λ µ ν ξ1 ξ2 ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ1 ϕ2 ϕ3 ϕ4 χ

03 h 00 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 00 h 03 h 03 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 01 h 02 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h

+04° −17° +03° +00° −11° −10° −10° −08° −08° +03° +03° +08° +10° +05° +08° +08° −02° −13° −12° −15° −15° −21° −10° −10° −11° −11° −10°

2.53 2.04 3.47 4.07 4.84 3.73 3.45 3.60 3.56 4.83 5.69 4.70 4.27 4.86 4.37 4.28 3.04 4.25 4.89 4.75 3.50 4.00 4.76 5.19 5.31 5.61 4.67

02 m 43 m 43 m 39 m 39 m 51 m 08 m 24 m 19 m 19 m 21 m 59 m 44 m 35 m 12 m 28 m 19 m 44 m 25 m 32 m 44 m 00 m 44 m 50 m 56 m 58 m 49 m

16.7 s 35.3 s 18.0 s 28.9 s 33.7 s 27.5 s 35.3 s 01.3 s 25.6 s 21.6 s 06.7 s 42.8 s 56.5 s 52.4 s 59.9 s 09.5 s 20.7 s 07.3 s 56.9 s 05.1 s 04.0 s 00.2 s 11.3 s 07.5 s 01.4 s 43.8 s 35.0 s

05′ 59′ 14′ 19′ 52′ 20′ 10′ 11′ 49′ 22′ 40′ 54′ 06′ 35′ 50′ 27′ 58′ 51′ 17′ 14′ 56′ 04′ 36′ 38′ 16′ 22′ 41′

23′′ 12′′ 09′′ 43′′ 20′′ 06′′ 56′′ 01′′ 26′′ 13′′ 32′′ 27′′ 51′′ 36′′ 48′′ 36′′ 39′′ 32′′ 26′′ 41′′ 15′′ 40′′ 34′′ 40′′ 00′′ 49′′ 11′′

The Constellations

53

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M77 NGC 246 NGC 247

Galaxy Planetary Nebula Galaxy

02 h 42 m 40.7 s 00 h 47 m 00.0 s 00 h 47 m 08.4 s

−00° 00.8′ −11° 53.0′ −20° 45.6′

8.8 8.0 9.1

Cetus 12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian rising Midnight setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. rising 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

54

Chamaeleon the Chameleon

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 ε ζ η θ ι κ µ1 µ2 ν π

08 h 12 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 12 h 10 h 10 h 09 h 11 h

−76° −79° −78° −80° −80° −78° −80° −78° −77° −80° −76° −82° −81° −76° −75°

4.07 4.26 4.11 5.47 4.45 4.91 5.11 5.47 4.35 5.36 5.04 5.52 6.60 5.45 5.65

18 m 18 m 35 m 45 m 45 m 59 m 33 m 41 m 20 m 24 m 04 m 00 m 04 m 46 m 37 m

31.7 s 20.7 s 28.1 s 15.8 s 46.6 s 37.3 s 53.4 s 19.9 s 38.7 s 09.2 s 46.5 s 43.7 s 07.7 s 21.3 s 15.6 s

55′ 18′ 36′ 28′ 32′ 13′ 56′ 57′ 29′ 47′ 31′ 12′ 33′ 46′ 53′

11′′ 43′′ 27′′ 10′′ 24′′ 18′′ 29′′ 48′′ 04′′ 13′′ 08′′ 52′′ 56′′ 33′′ 47′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 3195

Planetary Nebula

10 h 09 m 21.1 s

−80° 51.5′

10.0

The Constellations

55 Chamaeleon

12 Noon Daylight

meridian

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Chamaeleon is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

56

Circinus the Compass

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ

14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 14 h 15 h 14 h

−64° −58° −59° −60° −63° −65° −64° −62°

3.19 4.07 4.51 5.09 4.86 6.09 5.17 5.11

42 m 17 m 23 m 16 m 17 m 54 m 04 m 56 m

30.3 s 30.8 s 22.6 s 56.7 s 38.8 s 42.4 s 48.1 s 44.0 s

58′ 48′ 19′ 57′ 36′ 59′ 01′ 46′

31′′ 04′′ 15′′ 27′′ 38′′ 29′′ 54′′ 51′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 5715 NGC 5823

Open Cluster Open Cluster

14 h 43 m 24.0 s 15 h 05 m 42.0 s

−57° 33.0′ −55° 36.0′

9.8 7.9

The Constellations

57 Circinus

12 Noon meridian

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Circinus is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

58

Columba the Dove

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε η θ κ λ µ ν1 ν2 ξ ο π1 π2 σ

05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 05 h

−34° −35° −35° −33° −35° −42° −37° −35° −33° −32° −27° −28° −37° −34° −42° −42° −31°

2.64 3.12 4.36 3.85 3.87 3.96 5.02 4.37 4.87 5.17 6.16 5.31 4.97 4.83 6.12 5.50 5.50

39 m 50 m 57 m 22 m 31 m 59 m 07 m 16 m 53 m 45 m 37 m 37 m 55 m 17 m 06 m 07 m 56 m

38.9 s 57.5 s 32.2 s 06.7 s 12.7 s 08.7 s 31.6 s 33.0 s 06.8 s 59.9 s 16.5 s 44.6 s 29.8 s 29.0 s 41.0 s 52.9 s 20.9 s

04′ 46′ 17′ 26′ 28′ 48′ 15′ 08′ 48′ 18′ 52′ 41′ 07′ 53′ 17′ 09′ 22′

27′′ 06′′ 00′′ 11′′ 14′′ 55′′ 10′′ 26′′ 05′′ 23′′ 17′′ 22′′ 15′′ 43′′ 55′′ 14′′ 57′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 1808 NGC 1851

Galaxy Globular Cluster

05 h 07 m 42.3 s 05 h 14 m 06.3 s

−37° 30.8′ −40° 02.8′

9.9 7.2

The Constellations

59 Columba

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

setting meridian

3 a.m.

rising Midnight setting meridian

9 p.m.

rising 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

60

Coma Berenices the Hair of Queen Berenice of Egypt

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ

13 h 13 h 13 h 12 h

+17° +17° +27° +28°

5.22 5.22 4.26 4.36

09 m 09 m 11 m 26 m

59.2 s 59.2 s 52.3 s 56.2 s

31′ 31′ 52′ 16′

46′′ 46′′ 41′′ 06′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M53 M64 M85 M88 M91 M98 M99 M100 NGC 4494 NGC 4559 NGC 4565 NGC 4725 NGC 5053 Melotte 111

Globular Cluster The Black Eye Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Globular Cluster Coma Berenices Star Cluster

13 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 12 h

+18° +21° +18° +14° +14° +14° +14° +15° +25° +27° +25° +25° +17° +26°

7.5 8.5 9.1 9.5 10.2 10.1 9.9 9.4 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.2 9.9 1.8

12 m 56 m 25 m 31 m 35 m 13 m 18 m 22 m 31 m 35 m 36 m 50 m 16 m 25 m

55.2 s 42.0 s 24.2 s 59.1 s 27.2 s 48.2 s 49.6 s 54.9 s 24.3 s 57.7 s 20.7 s 24.0 s 27.0 s 00.0 s

10.1′ 41.0′ 11.5′ 25.2′ 29.8′ 54.0′ 25.0′ 49.3′ 46.5′ 57.6′ 59.3′ 30.0′ 41.9′ 00.0′

The Constellations

61 Coma Berenices

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting meridian

Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. setting 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

62

Corona Australis the Southern Crown

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η1 η2 θ κ1 κ2 λ µ

19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h

−37° −39° −37° −37° −40° −37° −42° −43° −43° −42° −38° −38° −38° −40°

4.11 4.11 5.01 5.01 4.59 4.87 4.75 5.49 5.61 4.64 6.32 5.65 5.13 5.24

09 m 10 m 56 m 56 m 58 m 58 m 53 m 48 m 49 m 33 m 33 m 33 m 43 m 47 m

28.2 s 01.6 s 25.0 s 25.0 s 20.8 s 43.3 s 56.7 s 50.4 s 34.9 s 30.1 s 23.2 s 23.0 s 46.8 s 44.4 s

54′ 20′ 03′ 03′ 29′ 06′ 05′ 40′ 26′ 18′ 43′ 43′ 19′ 24′

16′′ 27′′ 48′′ 48′′ 48′′ 26′′ 43′′ 48′′ 02′′ 45′′ 13′′ 34′′ 25′′ 22′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6541

Globular Cluster

18 h 08 m 00.0 s

−43° 42.0′

6.1

The Constellations

63 Corona Australis

12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian setting

rising Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m.

Daylight

setting meridian

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

64

Corona Borealis the Northern Crown

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η1 η2 θ ι κ λ µ ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ σ1 σ2 τ υ

15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h

+26° +29° +26° +26° +26° +36° +36° +30° +30° +31° +29° +35° +37° +39° +33° +33° +30° +29° +32° +33° +33° +33° +36° +29°

2.23 3.68 3.84 4.63 4.15 6.00 5.07 5.58 6.08 4.14 4.99 4.82 5.45 5.11 5.20 5.39 4.85 5.51 5.56 5.41 5.64 6.66 4.76 5.78

34 m 27 m 42 m 49 m 57 m 39 m 39 m 23 m 23 m 32 m 01 m 51 m 55 m 35 m 22 m 22 m 22 m 20 m 43 m 01 m 14 m 14 m 08 m 16 m

41.2 s 49.7 s 44.5 s 35.6 s 35.2 s 22.1 s 22.6 s 12.2 s 12.2 s 55.7 s 26.6 s 13.8 s 47.6 s 14.8 s 21.3 s 29.1 s 05.7 s 08.4 s 59.2 s 02.6 s 40.7 s 40.7 s 58.2 s 44.7 s

42′ 06′ 17′ 04′ 52′ 38′ 38′ 17′ 17′ 21′ 51′ 39′ 56′ 00′ 47′ 42′ 53′ 36′ 30′ 18′ 51′ 51′ 29′ 09′

53′′ 20′′ 44′′ 06′′ 40′′ 12′′ 09′′ 16′′ 16′′ 32′′ 04′′ 26′′ 49′′ 36′′ 56′′ 13′′ 32′′ 58′′ 57′′ 13′′ 30′′ 30′′ 27′′ 01′′

The Constellations

65 Corona Borealis

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

setting 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

66

Corvus the Crow

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η

12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h

−24° −23° −17° −16° −22° −22° −16°

4.02 2.65 2.59 2.95 3.00 5.21 4.31

08 m 34 m 15 m 29 m 10 m 20 m 32 m

24.7 s 23.2 s 48.3 s 51.8 s 07.4 s 33.6 s 04.1 s

43′ 23′ 32′ 30′ 37′ 12′ 11′

44′′ 48′′ 31′′ 56′′ 11′′ 57′′ 46′′

The Constellations

67 Corvus

12 Noon

setting

Daylight 9 a.m.

meridian

6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

68

Crater the Cup

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ

10 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h

−18° −22° −17° −14° −10° −18° −17° −09° −13° −12° −18°

4.08 4.48 4.08 3.56 4.83 4.73 5.18 4.70 5.48 5.94 5.09

59 m 11 m 24 m 19 m 24 m 44 m 56 m 36 m 38 m 27 m 23 m

46.4 s 39.4 s 52.8 s 20.4 s 36.5 s 45.7 s 00.9 s 40.8 s 40.0 s 09.4 s 21.8 s

17′ 49′ 41′ 46′ 51′ 21′ 09′ 48′ 12′ 21′ 46′

56′′ 33′′ 03′′ 43′′ 34′′ 03′′ 03′′ 08′′ 07′′ 25′′ 48′′

The Constellations

69 Crater

12 Noon setting

Daylight 9 a.m.

meridian

6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

70

Crux the Southern Cross

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ1 θ2 ι κ λ µ1 µ2

12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h

−63° −63° −59° −57° −57° −58° −60° −64° −64° −63° −63° −60° −60° −59° −57° −57°

1.58 2.09 1.25 1.63 6.42 2.80 3.59 4.04 4.15 4.33 4.72 4.69 5.90 4.62 4.03 5.17

26 m 26 m 47 m 31 m 31 m 15 m 21 m 18 m 06 m 03 m 04 m 45 m 53 m 54 m 54 m 54 m

35.9 s 36.5 s 43.3 s 09.9 s 16.7 s 08.6 s 21.5 s 26.1 s 52.8 s 01.5 s 19.2 s 37.8 s 49.0 s 39.1 s 35.6 s 36.8 s

05′ 05′ 41′ 06′ 04′ 44′ 24′ 00′ 36′ 18′ 09′ 58′ 22′ 08′ 10′ 10′

56′′ 58′′ 19′′ 47′′ 51′′ 56′′ 04′′ 11′′ 49′′ 46′′ 56′′ 52′′ 36′′ 47′′ 40′′ 05′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Jewel Box Cluster

12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h

−63° −61° −58° −61° −60° −62° −60°

8.8 7.4 8.9 7.4 8.4 6.9 4.2

4052 4103 4337 4349 4439 4609 4755

02 m 06 m 24 m 24 m 28 m 42 m 53 m

05.2 s 39.5 s 03.3 s 06.0 s 26.3 s 18.0 s 36.0 s

13.4′ 15.0′ 07.4′ 52.2′ 06.2′ 58.0′ 20.0′

The Constellations

71 Crux

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Crux is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

72

Cygnus the Swan

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β1 β2 γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ1 µ2 ν ξ π1 π2 ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω1 ω2

20 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 19 h 20 h 21 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 20 h

+45° +27° +27° +40° +45° +33° +30° +35° +50° +51° +53° +36° +28° +28° +41° +43° +49° +51° +45° +39° +38° +34° +30° +32° +52° +48° +49°

1.25 3.08 5.11 2.20 2.87 2.46 3.20 3.89 4.48 3.79 3.77 4.53 4.73 6.08 3.94 3.72 4.23 4.67 4.02 4.23 3.72 4.43 4.69 4.23 4.92 4.95 5.44

41 m 30 m 30 m 22 m 44 m 46 m 12 m 56 m 36 m 29 m 17 m 47 m 44 m 44 m 57 m 04 m 46 m 42 m 33 m 17 m 14 m 17 m 39 m 50 m 55 m 30 m 31 m

25.8 s 43.2 s 45.2 s 13.6 s 58.4 s 12.6 s 56.1 s 18.3 s 26.4 s 42.2 s 06.0 s 24.4 s 08.5 s 08.2 s 10.3 s 55.8 s 47.5 s 05.6 s 58.8 s 24.9 s 47.4 s 55.0 s 22.5 s 33.8 s 37.7 s 03.4 s 18.7 s

16′ 57′ 57′ 15′ 07′ 58′ 13′ 05′ 13′ 43′ 22′ 29′ 44′ 44′ 10′ 55′ 18′ 11′ 35′ 23′ 02′ 53′ 09′ 54′ 26′ 57′ 13′

49′′ 35′′ 55′′ 24′′ 51′′ 13′′ 37′′ 00′′ 16′′ 47′′ 07′′ 27′′ 34′′ 35′′ 02′′ 40′′ 35′′ 23′′ 31′′ 41′′ 44′′ 49′′ 12′′ 51′′ 20′′ 06′′ 14′′

The Constellations

73

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M29 M39 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Blinking Planetary Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Diffuse Nebula Veil Nebula Veil Nebula Open Cluster North American Nebula Planetary Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

20 h 21 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h

+38° +48° +46° +40° +50° +29° +44° +35° +35° +40° +42° +30° +31° +45° +44° +42° +50° +45° +46° +36° +48° +47° +51° +54° +53°

6.6 4.6 6.8 7.3 8.8 7.8 7.6 5.2 8.0 7.4 10.0 7.0 7.0 10.0 4.5 8.5 9.1 7.6 8.3 7.0 9.7 7.2 8.4 10.0 9.7

6811 6819 6826 6834 6866 6871 6883 6910 6914 6960 6992 6997 7000 7027 7031 7039 7062 7063 7067 7082 7086 7127 7128

23 m 31 m 38 m 41 m 44 m 52 m 03 m 05 m 11 m 23 m 24 m 45 m 56 m 56 m 01 m 07 m 07 m 10 m 23 m 24 m 24 m 29 m 30 m 43 m 43 m

54.0 s 48.3 s 12.0 s 18.0 s 48.2 s 12.0 s 42.0 s 54.0 s 18.0 s 06.0 s 42.0 s 42.0 s 24.0 s 24.0 s 48.0 s 01.7 s 12.5 s 47.7 s 27.4 s 21.7 s 23.1 s 17.7 s 27.5 s 41.9 s 57.7 s

32.0′ 26.9′ 34.0′ 11.0′ 31.5′ 25.0′ 00.0′ 47.0′ 51.0′ 47.0′ 29.0′ 43.0′ 43.0′ 28.0′ 12.0′ 14.2′ 52.5′ 37.3′ 22.7′ 29.2′ 00.6′ 07.6′ 36.1′ 37.8′ 42.9′

Cygnus 12 Noon

9 a.m.

rising

Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

74

Delphinus the Dolphin

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ

20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 20 h

+15° +14° +16° +16° +15° +11° +14° +13° +13° +11° +10°

3.77 3.63 5.14 4.27 4.43 4.03 4.68 5.38 5.72 5.43 5.05

39 m 37 m 46 m 46 m 43 m 33 m 35 m 33 m 38 m 37 m 39 m

38.2 s 32.9 s 38.6 s 39.4 s 27.5 s 12.7 s 18.4 s 56.9 s 43.8 s 49.0 s 07.7 s

54′ 35′ 07′ 07′ 04′ 18′ 40′ 01′ 18′ 22′ 05′

43′′ 43′′ 28′′ 27′′ 28′′ 12′′ 27′′ 38′′ 54′′ 40′′ 10′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6934

Globular Cluster

20 h 34 m 12.0 s

+07° 24.0′

8.7

The Constellations

75 Delphinus

12 Noon Daylight

rising

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight rising

9 p.m. setting

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

meridian

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

76

Dorado the Swordfish

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η1 η2 θ κ λ ν π1 π2

04 h 05 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 05 h 04 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 06 h

−55° −62° −51° −65° −66° −57° −66° −65° −67° −59° −58° −68° −69° −69°

3.27 3.76 4.25 4.35 5.11 4.72 5.71 5.01 4.83 5.27 5.14 5.06 5.56 5.38

33 m 33 m 16 m 44 m 49 m 05 m 06 m 11 m 13 m 44 m 26 m 08 m 22 m 25 m

59.8 s 37.5 s 01.6 s 46.5 s 53.7 s 30.6 s 09.5 s 15.0 s 45.4 s 21.2 s 19.2 s 44.3 s 38.3 s 28.7 s

02′ 29′ 29′ 44′ 54′ 28′ 02′ 35′ 11′ 43′ 54′ 50′ 59′ 41′

42′′ 24′′ 12′′ 08′′ 05′′ 22′′ 23′′ 22′′ 08′′ 58′′ 46′′ 36′′ 03′′ 25′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

04 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h

−68° −68° −67° −67° −66° −67° −68° −69° −68° −69° −65° −69° −69°

9.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.9 9.0 8.5 9.8 9.4 10.0 9.9 9.0 9.0

1755 1770 1814 1816 1818 1820 1829 1835 1850 1856 1866 1874 1876

55 m 57 m 03 m 03 m 04 m 04 m 04 m 05 m 08 m 09 m 13 m 13 m 13 m

14.9 s 15.8 s 46.5 s 50.8 s 14.8 s 01.7 s 57.3 s 05.7 s 44.8 s 29.5 s 39.1 s 11.7 s 18.5 s

12.3′ 25.1′ 18.1′ 15.7′ 26.1′ 16.0′ 03.3′ 24.3′ 45.7′ 07.6′ 27.9′ 22.6′ 21.9′

The Constellations Deep sky object NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

77 Description

1955 Open Cluster 1962 Open Cluster 1965 Open Cluster 1968 Open Cluster 1970 Open Cluster 1974 Open Cluster 1978 Globular Cluster 1983 Open Cluster 1991 Open Cluster 2004 Open Cluster 2011 Open Cluster 2014 Open Cluster 2041 Open Cluster 2069 Diffuse Nebula 2070 Tarantula Nebula 2074 Diffuse Nebula 2100 Open Cluster 2157 Open Cluster Large Magellanic Cloud

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h

−67° −68° −68° −67° −68° −67° −66° −68° −67° −67° −67° −67° −66° −68° −69° −69° −69° −69° −69°

9.0 8.5 8.5 9.0 8.5 9.0 9.9 8.5 9.0 9.9 9.5 8.5 10.0 5.0 8.2 8.5 9.6 10.0 –0.1

26 m 26 m 26 m 27 m 26 m 28 m 28 m 27 m 28 m 30 m 32 m 32 m 36 m 38 m 38 m 39 m 42 m 57 m 23 m

10.0 s 17.8 s 29.1 s 22.2 s 52.7 s 00.4 s 45.3 s 44.3 s 00.4 s 40.3 s 20.3 s 19.9 s 28.1 s 46.5 s 38.4 s 03.7 s 09.1 s 34.9 s 36.0 s

29.9′ 50.3′ 48.4′ 27.8′ 50.2′ 25.4′ 14.2′ 59.2′ 25.4′ 17.2′ 31.4′ 41.4′ 59.4′ 58.5′ 05.6′ 29.9′ 12.7′ 11.8′ 45.0′

Dorado 12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Dorado is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

78

Draco the Dragon

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ1 µ2 ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ω

14 h 17 h 17 h 19 h 19 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 15 h 12 h 11 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 18 h 19 h 20 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h

+64° +52° +51° +67° +70° +65° +61° +58° +58° +69° +69° +54° +54° +55° +55° +56° +59° +65° +67° +69° +73° +71° +71° +72° +72° +72° +72° +68°

3.65 2.79 2.23 3.07 3.83 3.17 2.74 4.01 3.29 3.87 3.84 5.83 5.80 4.88 4.87 3.75 4.66 4.59 4.51 4.68 4.45 4.82 4.22 3.57 4.58 5.79 5.48 4.80

04 m 30 m 56 m 12 m 48 m 08 m 23 m 01 m 24 m 33 m 31 m 05 m 05 m 32 m 32 m 53 m 51 m 20 m 02 m 32 m 15 m 54 m 20 m 21 m 41 m 41 m 55 m 36 m

23.2 s 25.8 s 36.3 s 33.1 s 10.3 s 47.1 s 59.3 s 53.2 s 55.6 s 28.9 s 24.2 s 19.6 s 19.6 s 10.4 s 15.9 s 31.6 s 11.9 s 40.0 s 48.9 s 21.5 s 32.8 s 23.7 s 45.3 s 03.2 s 56.2 s 57.8 s 10.9 s 56.9 s

22′ 18′ 29′ 39′ 16′ 42′ 30′ 33′ 57′ 47′ 19′ 28′ 28′ 11′ 10′ 52′ 23′ 42′ 52′ 39′ 21′ 17′ 20′ 43′ 08′ 09′ 00′ 45′

33′′ 05′′ 20′′ 42′′ 04′′ 53′′ 51′′ 55′′ 57′′ 17′′ 52′′ 13′′ 13′′ 03′′ 22′′ 21′′ 18′′ 52′′ 25′′ 40′′ 20′′ 50′′ 16′′ 58′′ 56′′ 25′′ 19′′ 29′′

The Constellations

79

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M102 NGC 4236 NGC 6543

Galaxy Galaxy The Cat’s Eye Nebula

15 h 06 m 30.0 s 12 h 16 m 42.1 s 17 h 58 m 33.4 s

+55° 46.0′ +69° 27.7′ +66° 38.0′

10.0 9.6 8.1

Draco 12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

80

Equuleus the Foal

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε

21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 20 h

+05° +06° +10° +10° +04°

3.92 5.16 4.69 4.49 5.23

15 m 22 m 10 m 14 m 59 m

49.3 s 53.5 s 20.5 s 28.8 s 04.3 s

14′ 48′ 07′ 00′ 17′

52′′ 40′′ 53′′ 25′′ 37′′

The Constellations

81 Equuleus

12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight

rising

9 p.m. setting 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

82

Eridanus the River

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ1 θ2 ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο1 ο2 π ρ1 ρ2 ρ3 τ1 τ2 τ3 τ4 τ5 τ6 τ7

1h 5h 3h 3h 3h 3h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 5h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 3h 3h 3h 3h 2h 2h 3h 3h 3h 3h 3h

−57° −05° −13° −09° −09° −08° −08° −40° −40° −39° −47° −08° −03° −03° −03° −06° −07° −12° −07° −07° −07° −18° −21° −23° −21° −21° −23° −23°

0.46 2.79 2.95 3.54 3.73 4.80 3.89 3.42 4.42 4.11 4.25 4.27 4.02 3.93 5.17 4.04 4.43 4.42 5.75 5.32 5.26 4.47 4.75 4.09 3.69 4.27 4.23 5.24

37 m 07 m 58 m 43 m 32 m 15 m 56 m 58 m 58 m 40 m 26 m 09 m 45 m 36 m 23 m 11 m 15 m 46 m 01 m 02 m 04 m 45 m 51 m 02 m 19 m 33 m 46 m 47 m

42.9 s 50.9 s 01.7 s 14.8 s 55.8 s 49.9 s 25.6 s 15.6 s 16.2 s 40.0 s 59.1 s 08.7 s 30.1 s 19.1 s 40.8 s 51.9 s 16.3 s 08.4 s 09.9 s 42.2 s 16.3 s 06.1 s 02.2 s 23.5 s 30.9 s 47.2 s 50.8 s 39.6 s

14′ 05′ 30′ 45′ 27′ 49′ 53′ 18′ 18′ 51′ 42′ 45′ 15′ 21′ 44′ 50′ 39′ 06′ 39′ 41′ 36′ 34′ 00′ 37′ 45′ 37′ 14′ 52′

12′′ 11′′ 31′′ 48′′ 30′′ 11′′ 53′′ 17′′ 16′′ 19′′ 14′′ 15′′ 17′′ 09′′ 44′′ 16′′ 10′′ 06′′ 47′′ 07′′ 03′′ 21′′ 15′′ 28′′ 28′′ 59′′ 59′′ 29′′

The Constellations

83

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

τ8 τ9 υ1 υ2 υ3 ϕ χ ψ ω

3h 3h 4h 4h 4h 2h 1h 5h 4h

−24° −24° −33° −29° −30° −51° −51° −07° −05°

4.65 4.66 3.56 4.51 3.82 3.56 3.70 4.81 4.39

53 m 59 m 17 m 33 m 35 m 16 m 55 m 01 m 52 m

42.6 s 55.4 s 53.6 s 30.6 s 33.0 s 30.6 s 57.4 s 26.3 s 53.6 s

36′ 00′ 47′ 46′ 33′ 30′ 36′ 10′ 27′

45′′ 59′′ 54′′ 00′′ 45′′ 44′′ 32′′ 26′′ 10′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC

Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Planetary Nebula

03 h 03 h 03 h 04 h

−20° −41° −18° −12°

9.9 9.4 9.8 9.6

1232 1291 1407 1535

09 m 17 m 40 m 14 m

45.1 s 18.3 s 11.8 s 15.8 s

34.7′ 06.4′ 34.8′ 44.4′

Eridanus 12 Noon 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m.

meridian rising

Midnight setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. Daylight rising

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

84

Fornax the Furnace

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η1 η2 η3 ι1 ι2 κ λ1 λ2 µ ν π ρ σ τ ϕ χ1 χ2 χ3 ψ ω

3h 2h 2h 2h 3h 3h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 2h 3h 3h 3h 2h 3h 3h 3h 2h 2h

−28° 59′ 14′′ −32° 24′ 22′′ −24° 33′ 37′′ −27° 56′ 31′′ −31° 56′ 18′′ −28° 05′ 29′′ −25° 16′ 27′′ −35° 33′ 03′′ −35° 50′ 37′′ −35° 40′ 34′′ −30° 02′ 41′′ −30° 11′ 40′′ −23° 48′ 59′′ −34° 39′ 00′′ −34° 34′ 42′′ −30° 43′ 26′′ −29° 17′ 49′′ −30° 00′ 07′′ −30° 10′ 06′′ −29° 20′ 17′′ −27° 56′ 35′′ −33° 48′ 40′′ −35° 55′ 15′′ −35° 40′ 54′′ −35° 51′ 12′′ −38° 26′ 13′′ −28° 13′ 57′′

3.87 4.46 6.14 5.39 5.00 5.89 5.71 6.51 5.92 5.47 5.75 5.83 5.20 5.90 5.79 5.28 4.69 5.35 5.54 5.90 6.01 5.14 6.39 5.71 6.50 5.92 4.90

12 m 49 m 49 m 49 m 42 m 01 m 59 m 47 m 50 m 50 m 36 m 38 m 22 m 33 m 36 m 12 m 04 m 01 m 47 m 46 m 38 m 28 m 25 m 27 m 28 m 53 m 33 m

04.2 s 05.4 s 50.9 s 54.1 s 14.9 s 37.6 s 36.1 s 33.6 s 14.7 s 40.3 s 09.2 s 18.6 s 32.5 s 07.0 s 58.5 s 54.4 s 29.4 s 14.7 s 56.0 s 27.3 s 47.6 s 01.6 s 55.7 s 33.3 s 11.4 s 34.2 s 50.6 s

The Constellations

85

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Galaxy Galaxy Planetary Nebula Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy

02 h 03 h 03 h 03 h 03 h 03 h

−30° −37° −25° −36° −26° −35°

9.3 8.8 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8

1097 1316 1360 1365 1398 1399

46 m 22 m 33 m 33 m 38 m 38 m

19.0 s 41.7 s 14.6 s 36.3 s 52.0 s 29.0 s

16.5′ 12.5′ 52.3′ 08.4′ 20.2′ 27.1′

Fornax 12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m.

3 p.m.

Daylight

rising

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

86

Gemini the Twins

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ω

7h 7h 7h 6h 7h 6h 7h 6h 6h 7h 7h 7h 6h 6h 6h 7h 7h 7h 7h 7h 7h 7h 8h 7h

+31° +31° +28° +16° +21° +25° +20° +22° +33° +27° +24° +16° +22° +20° +12° +34° +33° +31° +28° +30° +26° +26° +27° +24°

1.58 1.59 1.14 1.93 3.53 2.98 3.79 3.28 3.60 3.79 3.57 3.58 2.88 4.15 3.36 4.90 5.14 4.18 4.28 4.41 4.06 4.97 4.94 5.18

34 m 34 m 45 m 37 m 20 m 43 m 04 m 14 m 52 m 25 m 44 m 18 m 22 m 28 m 45 m 39 m 47 m 29 m 43 m 11 m 35 m 53 m 03 m 02 m

35.9 s 35.9 s 18.9 s 42.7 s 07.3 s 55.9 s 06.5 s 52.6 s 47.3 s 43.5 s 26.8 s 05.5 s 57.6 s 57.7 s 17.3 s 09.9 s 30.3 s 06.6 s 18.7 s 08.3 s 55.3 s 29.7 s 31.0 s 24.7 s

53′ 53′ 01′ 23′ 58′ 07′ 34′ 30′ 57′ 47′ 23′ 32′ 30′ 12′ 53′ 35′ 24′ 47′ 53′ 14′ 53′ 45′ 47′ 12′

18′′ 18′′ 34′′ 57′′ 56′′ 52′′ 13′′ 24′′ 40′′ 53′′ 53′′ 25′′ 49′′ 43′′ 44′′ 04′′ 56′′ 04′′ 00′′ 43′′ 44′′ 57′′ 39′′ 56′′

The Constellations

87

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M35 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster The Eskimo Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster

06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h

+24° +23° +24° +26° +17° +27° +13° +20° +13° +21°

5.1 6.7 8.6 9.5 10.0 8.5 9.7 9.2 8.0 8.3

2129 2158 2266 2304 2331 2355 2392 2395 2420

08 m 01 m 07 m 43 m 55 m 06 m 16 m 29 m 27 m 38 m

55.9 s 06.5 s 25.6 s 19.2 s 11.9 s 59.8 s 59.3 s 10.8 s 12.9 s 23.9 s

21.5′ 19.3′ 05.8′ 58.2′ 59.3′ 15.7′ 45.0′ 54.7′ 36.5′ 34.5′

Gemini 12 Noon setting 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

setting rising

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

rising 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

88

Grus the Crane

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ µ ν ξ ο π π ρ σ σ τ τ υ ϕ

22 h 22 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 22 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 21 h 23 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 23 h

−46° −46° −37° −43° −43° −51° −52° −53° −43° −45° −53° −39° −41° −41° −39° −41° −52° −45° −45° −41° −40° −40° −48° −47° −38° −40°

1.74 2.10 3.01 3.97 4.11 3.49 4.12 4.85 4.28 3.90 5.37 4.46 4.79 5.10 5.47 5.29 5.52 6.62 5.62 4.85 6.28 5.86 6.04 5.70 5.61 5.53

08 m 42 m 53 m 29 m 29 m 48 m 00 m 45 m 06 m 10 m 04 m 06 m 15 m 16 m 28 m 32 m 26 m 22 m 23 m 43 m 36 m 36 m 53 m 56 m 06 m 18 m

13.9 s 40.0 s 55.6 s 16.1 s 45.4 s 33.2 s 52.8 s 37.8 s 52.7 s 21.5 s 39.5 s 06.8 s 36.9 s 26.5 s 39.1 s 05.7 s 36.4 s 43.8 s 07.9 s 30.0 s 29.2 s 58.7 s 37.8 s 47.7 s 53.5 s 09.8 s

57′ 53′ 21′ 29′ 44′ 19′ 45′ 30′ 31′ 14′ 57′ 32′ 20′ 37′ 07′ 10′ 43′ 56′ 55′ 24′ 34′ 35′ 35′ 58′ 53′ 49′

40′′ 05′′ 54′′ 45′′ 58′′ 01′′ 15′′ 00′′ 14′′ 48′′ 55′′ 36′′ 48′′ 39′′ 55′′ 46′′ 18′′ 52′′ 42′′ 52′′ 58′′ 28′′ 53′′ 09′′ 32′′ 29′′

The Constellations

89

Grus 12 Noon

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

meridian setting rising Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

setting 3 p.m.

Daylight

meridian rising

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

90

Hercules the Warrior

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2 λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ1 ρ2 σ τ υ ϕ χ ω

17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 18 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 15 h 16 h

+14° +14° +21° +19° +24° +30° +31° +38° +37° +46° +17° +17° +26° +27° +30° +29° +28° +36° +37° +37° +42° +46° +46° +44° +42° +14°

3.48 5.39 2.77 3.75 3.14 3.92 2.81 3.53 3.86 3.80 5.00 6.25 4.41 3.42 4.41 3.70 3.83 3.16 5.47 4.52 4.20 3.89 4.76 4.26 4.62 4.57

14 m 14 m 30 m 21 m 15 m 00 m 41 m 42 m 56 m 39 m 08 m 08 m 30 m 46 m 58 m 57 m 07 m 15 m 23 m 23 m 34 m 19 m 02 m 08 m 52 m 25 m

38.8 s 39.1 s 13.1 s 55.1 s 01.8 s 17.3 s 17.1 s 53.7 s 15.1 s 27.8 s 04.4 s 04.8 s 44.2 s 27.5 s 30.1 s 45.8 s 32.5 s 02.7 s 40.6 s 40.9 s 06.1 s 44.3 s 47.8 s 46.1 s 40.4 s 24.9 s

23′ 23′ 29′ 09′ 50′ 55′ 36′ 55′ 15′ 00′ 02′ 03′ 06′ 43′ 11′ 14′ 45′ 48′ 08′ 08′ 26′ 18′ 02′ 56′ 27′ 02′

25′′ 24′′ 22′′ 11′′ 21′′ 35′′ 10′′ 20′′ 02′′ 23′′ 49′′ 16′′ 38′′ 15′′ 22′′ 52′′ 45′′ 33′′ 48′′ 45′′ 13′′ 48′′ 12′′ 06′′ 06′′ 00′′

The Constellations

91

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M13 M92 NGC 6210 NGC 6229

The Great Cluster Globular Cluster Planetary Nebula Globular Cluster

16 h 17 h 16 h 16 h

+36° +43° +23° +47°

5.7 6.4 8.8 9.4

41 m 17 m 44 m 47 m

42.0 s 06.0 s 29.5 s 00.0 s

28.0′ 08.0′ 48.0′ 32.0′

Hercules 12 Noon meridian Daylight

9 a.m. 6 a.m.

rising

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight rising 9 p.m. 6 p.m. setting

Daylight

3 p.m. 12 Noon

Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

92

Horologium the Clock

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ζ η ι λ µ ν

04 h 02 h 02 h 04 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 03 h 02 h

−42° −64° −63° −41° −54° −52° −50° −60° −59° −62°

3.86 4.99 5.74 4.93 5.21 5.31 5.41 5.35 5.11 5.26

14 m 58 m 45 m 10 m 40 m 37 m 42 m 24 m 03 m 49 m

00.1 s 47.8 s 27.5 s 50.5 s 39.6 s 24.2 s 33.4 s 53.9 s 36.8 s 01.5 s

17′ 04′ 42′ 59′ 33′ 32′ 48′ 18′ 44′ 48′

40′′ 16′′ 16′′ 37′′ 00′′ 36′′ 01′′ 43′′ 16′′ 24′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 1261 NGC 1433

Globular Cluster Galaxy

03 h 12 m 15.3 s 03 h 42 m 01.4 s

−55° 13.0′ −47° 13.3′

8.4 10.0

The Constellations

93

12 Noon 9 a.m.

setting Daylight

meridian

6 a.m.

rising

3 a.m. Midnight

9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

meridian rising

Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

94

Hydra the Water Serpent

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ1 υ2 ϕ1 ϕ2 χ1 χ2 ψ ω

09 h 11 h 13 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 14 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 13 h 09 h

−08° −33° −23° +05° +06° +05° +03° +02° −01° −14° −12° −16° −16° −31° −34° −26° +05° +03° −02° −01° −14° −13° −16° −16° −27° −27° −23° +05°

1.98 4.28 3.00 4.16 3.38 3.11 4.30 3.88 3.91 5.06 3.61 3.81 3.11 3.54 4.70 3.27 4.36 4.44 4.60 4.57 4.12 4.60 6.03 4.91 4.94 5.71 4.95 4.97

27 m 52 m 18 m 37 m 46 m 55 m 43 m 14 m 39 m 40 m 10 m 26 m 49 m 33 m 40 m 06 m 48 m 38 m 29 m 31 m 51 m 05 m 36 m 38 m 05 m 05 m 09 m 05 m

35.2 s 54.5 s 55.2 s 39.3 s 46.5 s 23.6 s 13.4 s 21.8 s 51.3 s 18.3 s 35.2 s 05.4 s 37.4 s 00.1 s 12.7 s 22.2 s 25.9 s 45.4 s 08.8 s 58.9 s 28.6 s 07.4 s 16.6 s 34.9 s 19.9 s 57.5 s 03.2 s 58.3 s

39′ 54′ 10′ 42′ 25′ 56′ 23′ 18′ 08′ 19′ 21′ 50′ 11′ 51′ 44′ 40′ 50′ 20′ 46′ 11′ 50′ 03′ 20′ 52′ 17′ 17′ 07′ 05′

31′′ 28′′ 18′′ 13′′ 08′′ 44′′ 55′′ 51′′ 34′′ 56′′ 15′′ 11′′ 37′′ 27′′ 41′′ 56′′ 16′′ 29′′ 08′′ 05′′ 48′′ 53′′ 40′′ 36′′ 36′′ 16′′ 05′′ 32′′

The Constellations

95

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M48 M68 M83 NGC 3242 NGC 3585 NGC 3621

Open Cluster Globular Cluster Galaxy Ghost of Jupiter Nebula Galaxy Galaxy

08 h 12 h 13 h 10 h 11 h 11 h

−05° −26° −29° −18° −26° −32°

5.8 7.7 7.5 7.8 10.0 10.0

13 m 39 m 37 m 24 m 13 m 18 m

43.1 s 28.0 s 00.0 s 46.2 s 17.1 s 18.0 s

45.0′ 44.6′ 52.0′ 38.6′ 45.3′ 49.0′

Hydra 12 Noon setting 9 a.m. Daylight

meridian

6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting Midnight

meridian rising

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

96

Hydrus the Sea Serpent

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν π1 π2 σ τ1 τ2

01 h 00 h 03 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 01 h 03 h 03 h 02 h 00 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 01 h 01 h 01 h

−61° −77° −74° −68° −68° −67° −67° −71° −77° −73° −74° −79° −75° −67° −67° −78° −79° −80°

2.86 2.80 3.24 4.09 4.11 4.84 4.69 5.53 5.52 5.01 5.07 5.28 4.75 5.55 5.69 6.16 6.33 6.06

58 m 25 m 47 m 21 m 39 m 45 m 54 m 02 m 15 m 22 m 48 m 31 m 50 m 14 m 15 m 55 m 41 m 47 m

46.2 s 45.3 s 14.5 s 45.1 s 35.5 s 32.6 s 56.1 s 15.5 s 57.7 s 52.3 s 35.4 s 40.7 s 28.7 s 14.8 s 28.6 s 50.4 s 21.4 s 46.7 s

34′ 15′ 14′ 39′ 16′ 37′ 38′ 54′ 23′ 38′ 55′ 06′ 04′ 50′ 44′ 20′ 08′ 10′

12′′ 16′′ 21′′ 34′′ 01′′ 00′′ 51′′ 09′′ 19′′ 45′′ 25′′ 34′′ 01′′ 31′′ 48′′ 55′′ 54′′ 36′′

The Constellations

97 Hydrus

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m.

6 p.m. meridian

Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Hydrus is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

98

Indus the American Indian

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2 µ ν ο π ρ

20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 22 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 20 h 21 h 22 h 21 h 22 h 21 h 21 h 22 h

−47° −58° −54° −54° −56° −46° −51° −53° −51° −59° −59° −54° −72° −69° −57° −70°

3.11 3.65 6.12 4.40 4.69 4.89 4.51 4.39 5.05 6.12 5.62 5.16 5.29 5.53 6.19 6.05

37 m 54 m 26 m 57 m 03 m 49 m 44 m 19 m 51 m 58 m 05 m 05 m 24 m 50 m 56 m 54 m

34.0 s 48.5 s 15.4 s 55.0 s 21.3 s 28.9 s 02.2 s 51.9 s 30.0 s 29.9 s 50.9 s 14.1 s 36.7 s 47.2 s 13.9 s 39.5 s

17′ 27′ 39′ 59′ 47′ 13′ 55′ 26′ 36′ 00′ 38′ 43′ 15′ 37′ 53′ 04′

29′′ 15′′ 38′′ 34′′ 10′′ 37′′ 16′′ 59′′ 30′′ 45′′ 10′′ 37′′ 20′′ 47′′ 59′′ 26′′

The Constellations

99 Indus

12 Noon 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

meridian

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Indus is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

100

Lacerta the Lizard

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β

22 h 31 m 17.4 s 22 h 23 m 33.5 s

+50° 16′ 57′′ +52° 13′ 45′′

3.77 4.43

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Open Open Open

22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h

+46° +49° +54° +52°

7.7 6.4 9.2 9.7

7209 7243 7245 7296

Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster

05 m 15 m 15 m 28 m

12.0 s 18.0 s 18.0 s 12.0 s

30.0′ 53.0′ 20.0′ 17.0′

The Constellations

101 Lacerta

12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising

setting 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

102

Leo the Lion

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

10 h 11 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 09 h 09 h

+11° +14° +19° +19° +20° +23° +23° +16° +15° +10° +26° +22° +26° +12° +11° +09° +08° +09° +06° +02° −00° −03° +07° +14° +09°

1.35 2.14 2.61 3.80 2.56 2.98 3.44 3.52 3.34 3.94 4.46 4.31 3.88 5.26 4.97 3.52 4.70 3.85 4.05 4.95 4.30 4.47 4.63 5.35 5.41

08 m 49 m 19 m 19 m 14 m 45 m 16 m 07 m 14 m 23 m 24 m 31 m 52 m 58 m 31 m 41 m 00 m 32 m 21 m 27 m 36 m 16 m 05 m 43 m 28 m

22.3 s 03.5 s 58.3 s 58.6 s 06.4 s 51.0 s 41.3 s 19.9 s 14.3 s 55.4 s 39.2 s 43.1 s 45.8 s 13.3 s 56.7 s 09.0 s 12.7 s 48.6 s 08.1 s 56.2 s 56.9 s 39.6 s 01.0 s 43.8 s 27.4 s

58′ 34′ 50′ 50′ 31′ 46′ 25′ 45′ 25′ 31′ 10′ 58′ 00′ 26′ 17′ 53′ 02′ 18′ 01′ 51′ 49′ 39′ 20′ 01′ 03′

02′′ 19′′ 30′′ 25′′ 25′′ 27′′ 02′′ 45′′ 46′′ 45′′ 56′′ 04′′ 25′′ 41′′ 59′′ 32′′ 39′′ 24′′ 46′′ 22′′ 26′′ 06′′ 10′′ 18′′ 24′′

The Constellations

103

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M65 M66 M95 M96 M105 NGC 2903 NGC 3521 NGC 3607 NGC 3628

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy

11 h 11 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 09 h 11 h 11 h 11 h

+13° +12° +11° +11° +12° +21° −00° +18° +13°

9.3 9.0 9.7 9.2 9.3 8.9 8.9 10.0 9.5

18 m 20 m 43 m 46 m 47 m 32 m 05 m 16 m 20 m

54.0 s 12.0 s 57.7 s 45.9 s 48.0 s 09.9 s 48.0 s 54.0 s 18.0 s

05.0′ 59.0′ 42.2′ 49.4′ 35.0′ 30.1′ 02.0′ 03.0′ 36.0′

Leo 12 Noon setting 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. setting

rising

Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

104

Leo Minor the Smaller Lion

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

β

10 h 27 m 52.9 s

+36° 42′ 26′′

4.21

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 3344

Galaxy

10 h 43 m 30.7 s

+24° 55.3′

10.0

The Constellations

105 Leo Minor

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m. meridian 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting

rising

Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon

setting Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

106

Lepus the Hare

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν

5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 6h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h

−17° −20° −22° −20° −22° −14° −14° −14° −11° −12° −13° −16° −12°

2.58 2.84 3.60 3.81 3.19 3.55 3.71 4.67 4.45 4.36 4.29 3.31 5.30

32 m 28 m 44 m 51 m 05 m 46 m 56 m 06 m 12 m 13 m 19 m 12 m 19 m

43.7 s 14.7 s 27.8 s 19.2 s 27.6 s 57.3 s 24.2 s 09.3 s 17.8 s 13.8 s 34.4 s 55.8 s 59.0 s

49′ 45′ 26′ 52′ 22′ 49′ 10′ 56′ 52′ 56′ 10′ 12′ 18′

20′′ 34′′ 54′′ 45′′ 16′′ 19′′ 04′′ 07′′ 09′′ 30′′ 37′′ 20′′ 56′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M79

Globular Cluster

05 h 24 m 10.6 s

−24° 31.5′

7.8

The Constellations

107 Lepus

12 Noon

9 a.m.

Daylight setting

6 a.m.

meridian

3 a.m. rising Midnight setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. rising 3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

108

Libra the Scales

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 ζ3 η θ ι1 ι2 κ λ µ ν ξ1 ξ2 ο1 σ2 τ υ

14 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 14 h 15 h 14 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h

−15° −16° −09° −14° −08° −10° −16° −16° −16° −15° −16° −19° −19° −19° −20° −14° −16° −11° −11° −15° −25° −29° −28°

5.15 2.75 2.61 3.91 4.92 4.94 5.64 5.82 5.50 5.41 4.15 4.54 6.08 4.74 5.03 5.31 5.20 5.80 5.46 6.30 3.29 3.66 3.58

50 m 50 m 17 m 35 m 00 m 24 m 28 m 30 m 32 m 44 m 53 m 12 m 13 m 41 m 53 m 49 m 06 m 54 m 56 m 21 m 04 m 38 m 37 m

41.1 s 52.6 s 00.3 s 31.5 s 58.3 s 11.8 s 15.3 s 40.3 s 55.1 s 04.3 s 49.4 s 13.2 s 19.1 s 56.7 s 20.0 s 19.0 s 37.5 s 22.8 s 46.0 s 01.2 s 04.1 s 39.3 s 01.4 s

59′ 02′ 22′ 47′ 31′ 19′ 42′ 36′ 51′ 40′ 43′ 47′ 38′ 40′ 10′ 08′ 15′ 53′ 24′ 32′ 16′ 46′ 08′

50′′ 31′′ 59′′ 22′′ 08′′ 20′′ 59′′ 34′′ 11′′ 22′′ 46′′ 30′′ 51′′ 44′′ 02′′ 56′′ 24′′ 54′′ 35′′ 54′′ 55′′ 40′′ 06′′

The Constellations

109

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 5897

Globular Cluster

15 h 17 m 24.0 s

−21° 01.0′

8.6

Libra 12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising setting

3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

setting 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

110

Lupus the Wolf

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2 λ µ ν1 ν2 ξ1 ξ2 ο π1 π2 ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ

14 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 14 h 15 h 15 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 15 h

−47° −43° −41° −40° −44° −52° −38° −36° −46° −48° −48° −45° −47° −47° −48° −33° −33° −43° −47° −47° −49° −50° −45° −45° −39°

2.30 2.68 2.78 3.22 3.37 3.41 3.41 4.23 3.55 3.87 5.69 4.05 4.27 5.00 5.65 5.37 5.73 4.32 4.72 4.82 4.05 4.42 4.56 4.35 5.37

41 m 58 m 35 m 21 m 22 m 12 m 00 m 06 m 19 m 11 m 11 m 08 m 18 m 22 m 21 m 56 m 56 m 51 m 05 m 05 m 37 m 32 m 26 m 26 m 24 m

55.7 s 31.8 s 08.3 s 22.2 s 40.8 s 17.0 s 07.2 s 35.4 s 24.1 s 56.0 s 57.5 s 50.5 s 31.9 s 08.2 s 48.1 s 53.4 s 54.1 s 38.3 s 07.1 s 07.1 s 53.1 s 36.8 s 08.1 s 10.7 s 44.8 s

23′ 08′ 10′ 38′ 41′ 05′ 23′ 48′ 03′ 44′ 44′ 16′ 52′ 55′ 19′ 57′ 57′ 34′ 03′ 03′ 25′ 27′ 13′ 22′ 42′

17′′ 02′′ 00′′ 52′′ 22′′ 57′′ 49′′ 08′′ 28′′ 16′′ 37′′ 47′′ 30′′ 40′′ 03′′ 59′′ 51′′ 31′′ 04′′ 04′′ 32′′ 25′′ 17′′ 46′′ 37′′

The Constellations

111

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

ϕ1 ϕ2 χ ψ1 ψ2 ω

15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h

−36° −36° −33° −34° −34° −42°

3.56 4.54 3.95 4.67 4.75 4.33

21 m 23 m 50 m 39 m 42 m 38 m

48.3 s 09.2 s 57.4 s 45.9 s 40.9 s 03.1 s

15′ 51′ 37′ 24′ 42′ 34′

41′′ 30′′ 38′′ 42′′ 38′′ 02′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster

14 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h

−54° −54° −33° −50° −37°

8.8 6.5 7.8 8.3 7.5

5749 5822 5824 5927 5986

48 m 05 m 04 m 28 m 46 m

54.0 s 12.0 s 00.0 s 00.0 s 06.0 s

31.0′ 21.0′ 04.0′ 40.0′ 47.0′

Lupus 12 Noon setting Daylight

meridian

9 a.m.

rising 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. rising

meridian

Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

112

Lynx the Lynx

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α

9 h 21 m 03.2 s

+34° 23′ 33′′

3.13

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 2683

UFO Galaxy

08 h 52 m 41.8 s

+33° 25.3′

9.7

The Constellations

113 Lynx

12 Noon setting Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. setting

rising

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

rising 3 p.m.

12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

114

Lyra the Lyre

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 ε1 ε2 ε3 ε4 ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ λ µ ν1 ν2

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 18 h 18 h 18 h

+38° +33° +32° +36° +36° +39° +39° +39° +39° +37° +37° +39° +38° +36° +36° +32° +39° +32° +32°

0.03 3.45 3.24 5.58 4.30 5.06 6.02 5.14 5.37 4.36 5.73 4.39 4.36 5.28 4.33 4.93 5.12 5.91 5.25

36 m 50 m 58 m 53 m 54 m 44 m 44 m 44 m 44 m 44 m 44 m 13 m 16 m 07 m 19 m 00 m 24 m 49 m 49 m

56.2 s 04.7 s 56.5 s 43.5 s 30.1 s 20.3 s 20.2 s 22.8 s 22.8 s 46.3 s 48.1 s 45.4 s 22.0 s 18.0 s 51.6 s 00.8 s 13.7 s 45.8 s 52.8 s

47′ 21′ 41′ 58′ 53′ 40′ 40′ 36′ 36′ 36′ 35′ 08′ 08′ 06′ 03′ 08′ 30′ 48′ 33′

01′′ 46′′ 22′′ 18′′ 56′′ 12′′ 15′′ 46′′ 46′′ 18′′ 40′′ 46′′ 01′′ 01′′ 52′′ 44′′ 26′′ 46′′ 03′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M56 M57 NGC 6791

Globular Cluster The Ring Nebula Open Cluster

19 h 16 m 36.0 s 18 h 53 m 35.1 s 19 h 20 m 42.0 s

+30° 11.0′ +33° 01.7′ +37° 51.0′

8.3 8.8 9.5

The Constellations

115 Lyra

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight rising

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

meridian 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

116

Mensa the Table Mountain

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ π

06 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 07 h 06 h 04 h 06 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 04 h 04 h 05 h

−74° −71° −76° −80° −79° −80° −74° −79° −78° −79° −72° −70° −81° −82° −80°

5.09 5.31 5.19 5.69 5.53 5.64 5.47 5.45 6.05 5.47 6.53 5.54 5.79 5.85 5.65

10 m 02 m 31 m 17 m 25 m 40 m 55 m 56 m 35 m 50 m 47 m 43 m 20 m 58 m 37 m

14.6 s 43.2 s 53.0 s 59.2 s 38.2 s 02.8 s 11.3 s 34.5 s 36.5 s 16.5 s 48.9 s 04.1 s 58.0 s 50.9 s 08.8 s

45′ 18′ 20′ 12′ 05′ 48′ 56′ 25′ 49′ 21′ 42′ 55′ 34′ 28′ 28′

11′′ 50′′ 28′′ 51′′ 38′′ 49′′ 13′′ 13′′ 15′′ 41′′ 09′′ 52′′ 48′′ 14′′ 09′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 1711

Open Cluster

04 h 50 m 36.2 s

−69° 59.1′

10.0

The Constellations

117 Mensa

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

Midnight

9 p.m.

meridian

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Mensa is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

118

Microscopium the Microscope

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ1 θ2 ι ν

20 h 20 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 21 h 20 h 20 h

−33° −33° −32° −30° −32° −38° −41° −40° −41° −43° −44°

4.90 6.04 4.67 5.68 4.71 5.30 5.53 4.82 5.77 5.11 5.11

49 m 51 m 01 m 06 m 17 m 02 m 06 m 20 m 24 m 48 m 33 m

58.0 s 58.7 s 17.4 s 01.0 s 56.2 s 57.8 s 25.4 s 45.5 s 24.7 s 29.0 s 55.0 s

46′ 10′ 15′ 07′ 10′ 37′ 23′ 48′ 00′ 59′ 30′

48′′ 38′′ 28′′ 31′′ 21′′ 54′′ 10′′ 35′′ 24′′ 19′′ 58′′

The Constellations

119 Microscopium

12 Noon rising

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m.

meridian rising

Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

setting Daylight

3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

120

Monoceros the Unicorn

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β1 β2 β3 γ δ ε ζ

7h 6h 6h 6h 6h 7h 6h 8h

−09° −07° −07° −07° −06° −00° +04° −02°

3.93 4.60 5.40 5.60 3.98 4.15 4.44 4.34

41 m 28 m 28 m 28 m 14 m 11 m 23 m 08 m

14.8 s 48.9 s 49.4 s 49.4 s 51.3 s 51.8 s 46.0 s 35.6 s

33′ 01′ 02′ 02′ 16′ 29′ 35′ 59′

04′′ 59′′ 04′′ 04′′ 29′′ 34′′ 34′′ 02′′

The Constellations

121

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

M50 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

2215 2232 2236 2237 2239 2250 2251 2252 2254 2264

07 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h

02 m 20 m 28 m 29 m 30 m 31 m 34 m 34 m 34 m 35 m 40 m

42.3 s 49.2 s 01.1 s 39.7 s 54.6 s 55.6 s 01.5 s 38.5 s 42.9 s 49.7 s 58.3 s

−08° −07° −04° +06° +05° +04° −05° +08° +05° +07° +09°

23.5′ 17.0′ 50.8′ 49.8′ 02.9′ 56.6′ 00.3′ 22.0′ 22.0′ 40.4′ 53.7′

5.9 8.4 3.9 8.5 8.9 4.8 8.9 7.3 7.7 9.1 3.9

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

2269 2286 2301 2302 2311 2324 2335 2343 2353 2506

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Rosette Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Cone Nebula & Christmas Tree Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

Mag.

06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 08 h

43 m 47 m 51 m 51 m 57 m 04 m 06 m 08 m 14 m 00 m

17.1 s 40.1 s 45.3 s 56.7 s 47.5 s 07.9 s 49.5 s 06.8 s 30.3 s 01.7 s

+04° −03° +00° −07° −04° +01° −10° −10° −10° −10°

37.5′ 08.9′ 27.5′ 05.1′ 36.7′ 02.7′ 01.7′ 37.0′ 15.9′ 46.2′

10.0 7.5 6.0 8.9 9.6 8.4 7.2 6.7 7.1 7.6

Monoceros 12 Noon Daylight

setting

9 a.m.

6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. rising

setting

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m.

rising

Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

122

Musca the Fly

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι1 ι2 λ µ

12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 11 h 11 h

−69° −68° −72° −71° −67° −67° −68° −67° −65° −74° −74° −66° −66°

2.69 3.05 3.87 3.62 4.11 5.15 5.74 4.80 5.51 5.05 6.63 3.64 4.72

37 m 46 m 32 m 02 m 17 m 22 m 22 m 15 m 08 m 25 m 27 m 45 m 48 m

11.0 s 16.9 s 28.0 s 16.3 s 34.2 s 07.4 s 11.9 s 14.9 s 07.0 s 07.2 s 18.3 s 36.4 s 14.4 s

08′ 06′ 07′ 32′ 57′ 31′ 18′ 53′ 18′ 53′ 41′ 43′ 48′

08′′ 29′′ 58′′ 56′′ 38′′ 20′′ 27′′ 41′′ 22′′ 16′′ 30′′ 43′′ 53′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC

Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster

12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h

−72° −64° −64° −70°

7.8 7.2 8.6 7.4

4372 4463 4815 4833

25 m 29 m 58 m 59 m

45.4 s 55.2 s 00.0 s 36.0 s

39.5′ 47.4′ 57.0′ 53.0′

The Constellations

123 Musca

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apl

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Musca is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

124

Norma the Carpenter's Square

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι1 ι2 κ λ µ

16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h

−50° −50° −45° −47° −55° −49° −47° −57° −57° −54° −42° −44°

4.99 4.02 4.72 4.47 5.81 4.65 5.14 4.63 5.57 4.94 5.45 4.94

17 m 19 m 06 m 27 m 13 m 03 m 15 m 03 m 09 m 13 m 19 m 34 m

00.8 s 50.3 s 29.3 s 11.0 s 22.5 s 12.7 s 15.2 s 31.9 s 18.4 s 28.6 s 17.6 s 04.8 s

04′ 09′ 10′ 33′ 32′ 13′ 22′ 46′ 56′ 37′ 40′ 02′

05′′ 20′′ 23′′ 18′′ 27′′ 47′′ 20′′ 31′′ 03′′ 50′′ 26′′ 43′′

The Constellations

125

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

15 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h

−54° −50° −56° −54° −54° −57° −51° −49° −52° −49° −44°

8.4 9.6 9.0 8.5 5.6 5.4 9.8 7.2 8.1 6.7 6.6

5925 5946 5999 6031 6067 6087 6115 6134 6152 6167 6169

27 m 35 m 52 m 07 m 13 m 18 m 24 m 27 m 32 m 34 m 34 m

42.0 s 30.0 s 12.0 s 35.0 s 11.0 s 50.5 s 26.3 s 46.5 s 45.5 s 34.9 s 04.6 s

31.0′ 40.0′ 28.0′ 00.9′ 13.1′ 56.1′ 56.9′ 09.1′ 38.6′ 46.3′ 02.7′

Norma

12 Noon

rising

setting meridian

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting

3 a.m.

meridian rising

Midnight 9 p.m. 6 p.m.

Daylight 3 p.m. 12 Noon Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

126

Octans the Octant

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 γ3 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ1 µ2 ν ξ π1 π2 ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

21 h 22 h 00 h 23 h 23 h 14 h 22 h 08 h 10 h 00 h 12 h 13 h 21 h 20 h 20 h 21 h 22 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 21 h 23 h 22 h 18 h 18 h 22 h 15 h

−77° −81° −82° −82° −82° −83° −80° −85° −84° −77° −85° −85° −82° −76° −75° −77° −80° −83° −83° −84° −88° −87° −85° −75° −87° −77° −84°

5.15 4.15 5.28 5.11 5.73 4.32 5.10 5.42 6.19 4.78 5.46 5.58 5.29 6.00 6.55 3.76 5.35 5.65 5.65 5.57 5.47 5.49 5.77 5.47 5.28 5.51 5.91

04 m 46 m 10 m 52 m 57 m 26 m 20 m 56 m 59 m 01 m 54 m 40 m 50 m 42 m 41 m 41 m 50 m 01 m 04 m 43 m 08 m 28 m 31 m 23 m 54 m 17 m 11 m

42.8 s 03.3 s 02.3 s 06.8 s 32.8 s 54.8 s 01.4 s 41.9 s 14.0 s 35.8 s 58.9 s 55.8 s 54.2 s 03.1 s 43.6 s 28.6 s 22.9 s 50.2 s 46.6 s 17.0 s 44.8 s 03.9 s 37.6 s 36.0 s 44.3 s 50.0 s 08.2 s

01′ 22′ 13′ 01′ 10′ 40′ 26′ 39′ 35′ 03′ 07′ 47′ 43′ 10′ 21′ 23′ 07′ 13′ 02′ 27′ 57′ 28′ 58′ 02′ 36′ 30′ 47′

26′′ 54′′ 27′′ 08′′ 12′′ 04′′ 23′′ 47′′ 37′′ 57′′ 24′′ 09′′ 09′′ 50′′ 02′′ 24′′ 27′′ 39′′ 17′′ 55′′ 24′′ 57′′ 03′′ 39′′ 21′′ 42′′ 15′′

The Constellations

127 Octans

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Octans is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

128

Ophiuchus the Serpent Holder

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο1 ο2 ρ1 ρ2 σ τ1 τ2 υ ϕ χ ψ ω

17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 18 h 18 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h

+12° +04° +02° −03° −04° −10° −15° −24° +10° +09° +01° −08° −09° −21° −24° −24° −23° −23° +04° −08° −08° −08° −16° −18° −20° −21°

2.08 2.77 3.75 2.74 3.24 2.56 2.43 3.27 4.38 3.20 3.82 4.62 3.34 4.39 5.20 6.80 5.02 5.92 4.34 5.94 5.24 4.63 4.28 4.42 4.50 4.45

34 m 43 m 47 m 14 m 18 m 37 m 10 m 22 m 54 m 57 m 30 m 37 m 59 m 21 m 18 m 18 m 25 m 25 m 26 m 03 m 03 m 27 m 31 m 27 m 24 m 32 m

56.0 s 28.3 s 53.5 s 20.6 s 19.2 s 09.4 s 22.6 s 00.5 s 00.4 s 40.0 s 54.7 s 50.6 s 01.5 s 00.1 s 00.6 s 00.4 s 35.1 s 35.0 s 30.8 s 04.8 s 04.8 s 48.1 s 08.2 s 01.3 s 06.1 s 08.0 s

33′ 34′ 42′ 41′ 41′ 34′ 43′ 59′ 09′ 22′ 59′ 07′ 46′ 06′ 17′ 17′ 26′ 26′ 08′ 10′ 10′ 22′ 36′ 27′ 02′ 27′

36′′ 02′′ 26′′ 40′′ 33′′ 02′′ 29′′ 58′′ 55′′ 30′′ 02′′ 08′′ 25′′ 46′′ 13′′ 03′′ 50′′ 46′′ 25′′ 50′′ 50′′ 18′′ 46′′ 23′′ 15′′ 59′′

The Constellations

129

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M9 M10 M12 M14 M19 M62 M107 NGC 6235 NGC 6284 NGC 6287 NGC 6293 NGC 6304 NGC 6316 NGC 6342 NGC 6355 NGC 6356 NGC 6366 NGC 6401 NGC 6572 NGC 6633

Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Planetary Nebula Open Cluster

17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 18 h 18 h

−18° −04° −01° −03° −26° −30° −13° −22° −24° −22° −26° −29° −28° −19° −26° −17° −05° −23° +06° +06°

7.6 6.6 6.8 7.6 6.7 6.7 8.1 10.0 8.9 9.3 8.2 8.4 8.8 9.8 9.7 8.2 8.9 9.5 8.1 4.6

19 m 57 m 47 m 37 m 02 m 01 m 32 m 53 m 04 m 05 m 10 m 14 m 16 m 21 m 24 m 23 m 27 m 38 m 12 m 27 m

12.0 s 06.0 s 12.0 s 36.0 s 36.0 s 12.0 s 31.9 s 24.0 s 30.0 s 12.0 s 12.0 s 30.0 s 36.0 s 12.0 s 00.0 s 36.0 s 42.0 s 36.0 s 06.4 s 42.0 s

31.0′ 06.0′ 57.0′ 15.0′ 16.0′ 07.0′ 03.2′ 11.0′ 46.0′ 42.0′ 35.0′ 28.0′ 08.0′ 35.0′ 21.0′ 49.0′ 05.0′ 55.0′ 51.2′ 34.0′

Ophiuchus 12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. rising setting

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

rising

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m.

setting Daylight

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

130

Orion the Great Hunter

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ1 θ2 θ3 θ4 θ5 ι κ λ1 λ2 µ ν ξ ο1 ο2 π1 π2 π3 π4 π5 π6 ρ

5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 6h 6h 6h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 5h

+07° −08° +06° −00° −00° −01° −01° −01° −02° −05° −05° −05° −05° −05° −05° −09° +09° +09° +09° +14° +14° +14° +13° +10° +08° +06° +05° +02° +01° +02°

0.50 0.12 1.64 6.85 2.23 1.70 2.05 4.20 3.36 6.73 7.96 5.13 6.70 6.39 2.77 2.06 3.66 5.56 4.12 4.42 4.48 4.74 4.07 4.65 4.36 3.19 3.69 3.72 4.47 4.46

55 m 14 m 25 m 32 m 32 m 36 m 40 m 40 m 24 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 47 m 35 m 35 m 02 m 07 m 11 m 52 m 56 m 54 m 50 m 49 m 51 m 54 m 58 m 13 m

10.3 s 32.2 s 07.8 s 00.4 s 00.3 s 12.7 s 45.5 s 45.5 s 28.6 s 15.8 s 16.0 s 16.4 s 17.2 s 22.8 s 25.9 s 45.3 s 08.2 s 08.4 s 23.0 s 34.3 s 56.4 s 31.9 s 22.2 s 53.7 s 36.7 s 50.3 s 12.3 s 15.0 s 32.8 s 17.4 s

24′ 12′ 20′ 17′ 17′ 12′ 56′ 56′ 23′ 23′ 23′ 23′ 23′ 24′ 54′ 40′ 56′ 56′ 38′ 46′ 12′ 15′ 30′ 09′ 54′ 57′ 36′ 26′ 42′ 51′

25′′ 06′′ 59′′ 04′′ 57′′ 07′′ 34′′ 34′′ 49′′ 14′′ 07′′ 23′′ 16′′ 58′′ 36′′ 11′′ 03′′ 06′′ 51′′ 06′′ 31′′ 02′′ 52′′ 03′′ 01′′ 41′′ 18′′ 26′′ 51′′ 40′′

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

σ τ υ ϕ1 ϕ2 χ1 χ2 ψ1 ψ2 ω

5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 5h 6h 5h 5h 5h

−02 ° 36′ 00′′ −06 ° 50′ 40′′ −07° 18′ 06′′ +09° 29′ 22′′ +09° 17′ 26′′ +20° 16′ 34′′ +20° 08′ 18′′ +01° 50′ 47′′ +03° 05′ 44′′ +04° 07′ 17′′

3.81 3.60 4.62 4.41 4.09 4.41 4.63 4.95 4.59 4.57

38 m 17 m 31 m 34 m 36 m 54 m 03 m 24 m 26 m 39 m

44.7 s 36.3 s 55.8 s 49.2 s 54.3 s 22.9 s 55.2 s 44.8 s 50.2 s 11.1 s

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M42 M43 M78 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Great Nebula deMairan’s Nebula Diffuse Nebula Open Cluster Diffuse Nebula Diffuse Nebula Diffuse Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Diffuse Nebula Diffuse Nebula Diffuse Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

05 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h 06 h

−05° −05° +00° +10° −03° −04° −04° −04° −05° −04° −06° −02° +00° +00° +10° +13° +20° +05° +12°

3.7 7.0 8.0 6.4 9.0 7.0 7.0 4.2 2.5 4.2 9.0 9.0 8.0 9.1 9.4 5.9 6.8 8.7 8.5

1662 1788 1973 1975 1977 1980 1981 1999 2023 2071 2112 2141 2169 2175 2186 2194

35 m 35 m 46 m 48 m 06 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 35 m 36 m 41 m 47 m 53 m 02 m 08 m 09 m 12 m 13 m

16.5 s 31.3 s 45.8 s 28.9 s 53.1 s 04.8 s 18.3 s 15.8 s 25.9 s 09.6 s 25.3 s 38.3 s 07.3 s 45.2 s 55.1 s 24.3 s 39.6 s 07.1 s 45.9 s

23.4′ 16.1′ 04.7′ 55.8′ 20.5′ 43.9′ 41.1′ 50.7′ 54.6′ 25.5′ 42.9′ 15.5′ 17.6′ 24.6′ 26.8′ 57.9′ 29.2′ 27.5′ 48.4′

Orion 12 Noon

9 a.m.

setting

Daylight 6 a.m.

meridian 3 a.m. rising Midnight setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. rising Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

132

Pavo the Peacock

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ1 µ2 ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ1 ϕ2 ω

20 h 20 h 21 h 20 h 20 h 18 h 17 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 20 h 20 h 18 h 18 h 21 h 18 h 20 h 20 h 19 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 18 h

−56° −66° −65° −66° −72° −71° −64° −65° −62° −67° −62° −66° −66° −62° −61° −70° −63° −61° −68° −69° −66° −60° −60° −60°

1.94 3.42 4.22 3.56 3.96 4.01 3.62 5.73 5.49 4.44 4.22 5.76 5.31 4.64 4.36 5.02 4.35 4.88 5.41 6.27 5.15 4.76 5.12 5.14

25 m 44 m 26 m 08 m 00 m 43 m 45 m 48 m 10 m 56 m 52 m 00 m 01 m 31 m 23 m 13 m 08 m 37 m 49 m 16 m 41 m 35 m 40 m 58 m

38.8 s 57.4 s 26.7 s 43.2 s 35.4 s 02.1 s 43.9 s 37.8 s 26.1 s 57.0 s 12.9 s 22.9 s 52.3 s 22.3 s 13.5 s 20.4 s 34.7 s 35.2 s 18.0 s 28.5 s 57.1 s 34.7 s 02.4 s 36.3 s

44′ 12′ 21′ 10′ 54′ 25′ 43′ 04′ 00′ 14′ 11′ 56′ 56′ 16′ 29′ 07′ 40′ 31′ 46′ 11′ 45′ 34′ 32′ 12′

07′′ 11′′ 59′′ 56′′ 38′′ 42′′ 26′′ 40′′ 08′′ 01′′ 16′′ 58′′ 39′′ 42′′ 38′′ 36′′ 06′′ 48′′ 36′′ 26′′ 39′′ 54′′ 56′′ 02′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6744 NGC 6752

Galaxy Globular Cluster

19 h 09 m 48.0 s 19 h 10 m 54.0 s

−63° 51.0′ −59° 59.0′

9.2 5.4

The Constellations

133 Pavo

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Pavo is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

134

Pegasus the Flying Horse

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π1 π2 ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ

23 h 23 h 00 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 00 h 23 h

+15° +28° +15° +09° +10° +30° +06° +25° +25° +23° +24° +05° +12° +29° +33° +33° +08° +09° +23° +23° +19° +20° +25°

2.49 2.42 2.83 2.39 3.40 2.94 3.53 3.76 4.13 3.95 3.48 4.84 4.19 4.79 5.58 4.29 4.90 5.16 4.60 4.40 5.08 4.80 4.66

04 m 03 m 13 m 44 m 41 m 43 m 10 m 07 m 44 m 46 m 50 m 05 m 46 m 41 m 09 m 09 m 55 m 52 m 20 m 25 m 52 m 14 m 57 m

45.6 s 46.4 s 14.1 s 11.1 s 27.6 s 00.1 s 11.9 s 00.6 s 38.6 s 31.8 s 00.1 s 40.7 s 41.5 s 45.3 s 13.5 s 59.2 s 13.6 s 24.0 s 38.2 s 22.7 s 29.2 s 36.1 s 45.5 s

12′ 04′ 11′ 52′ 49′ 13′ 11′ 20′ 38′ 33′ 36′ 03′ 10′ 18′ 10′ 10′ 48′ 50′ 44′ 24′ 07′ 12′ 08′

19′′ 58′′ 01′′ 30′′ 53′′ 17′′ 52′′ 42′′ 42′′ 56′′ 06′′ 31′′ 22′′ 27′′ 21′′ 42′′ 58′′ 09′′ 25′′ 15′′ 13′′ 24′′ 29′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M15 NGC 7331

Globular Cluster Spiral Galaxy

21 h 29 m 58.4 s 22 h 37 m 06.0 s

+12° 10.0′ +34° 25.0′

6.0 9.5

The Constellations

135 Pegasus

12 Noon rising 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m.

Daylight

meridian

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

136

Perseus the Hero

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ ϕ ψ ω

3h 3h 3h 3h 3h 3h 2h 2h 3h 3h 4h 4h 3h 3h 3h 2h 3h 3h 2h 1h 3h 3h

+49° +40° +53° +47° +40° +31° +55° +49° +49° +44° +50° +48° +42° +35° +32° +39° +38° +47° +52° +50° +48° +39°

1.79 2.12 2.93 3.01 2.89 2.85 3.76 4.12 4.05 3.80 4.29 4.14 3.77 4.04 3.83 4.70 3.39 4.36 3.95 4.07 4.23 4.63

24 m 08 m 04 m 42 m 57 m 54 m 50 m 44 m 09 m 09 m 06 m 14 m 45 m 58 m 44 m 58 m 05 m 30 m 54 m 43 m 36 m 11 m

19.3 s 10.1 s 47.7 s 55.4 s 51.2 s 07.9 s 41.8 s 11.9 s 04.0 s 29.7 s 35.0 s 53.8 s 11.6 s 57.8 s 19.1 s 45.6 s 10.5 s 34.4 s 15.4 s 39.6 s 29.3 s 17.3 s

51′ 57′ 30′ 47′ 00′ 53′ 53′ 13′ 36′ 51′ 21′ 24′ 34′ 47′ 17′ 39′ 50′ 59′ 45′ 41′ 11′ 36′

41′′ 21′′ 23′′ 15′′ 37′′ 01′′ 44′′ 43′′ 48′′ 27′′ 05′′ 34′′ 43′′ 28′′ 18′′ 46′′ 25′′ 43′′ 45′′ 20′′ 34′′ 42′′

The Constellations

137

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M34 M76 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Little Dumbbell Nebula Open Cluster part of Double Cluster part of Double Cluster Open Cluster Galaxy Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster California Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

02 h 01 h 01 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 02 h 03 h 03 h 03 h 04 h 04 h 04 h 04 h 04 h 04 h

+42° +51° +55° +57° +57° +57° +39° +47° +37° +52° +52° +36° +49° +51° +50° +43°

5.2 10.1 7.9 5.3 6.1 7.6 9.2 8.4 6.7 6.6 9.6 6.0 8.4 6.4 6.2 7.0

744 869 884 957 1023 1245 1342 1444 1496 1499 1513 1528 1545 1582

42 m 42 m 58 m 19 m 22 m 33 m 40 m 14 m 31 m 49 m 04 m 03 m 09 m 15 m 20 m 32 m

07.4 s 18.1 s 29.9 s 03.8 s 32.1 s 19.0 s 23.9 s 41.5 s 40.1 s 22.9 s 31.9 s 14.4 s 54.7 s 18.9 s 56.3 s 00.0 s

44.8′ 34.3′ 28.5′ 08.1′ 08.6′ 34.2′ 03.8′ 14.3′ 22.5′ 39.7′ 39.7′ 22.1′ 31.0′ 12.7′ 15.3′ 50.9′

Perseus 12 Noon

rising

9 a.m. setting

Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

meridian

Midnight

rising

setting

9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

138

Phoenix the Firebird

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ1 λ2 µ ν ξ π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

00 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 00 h 01 h 00 h 23 h 23 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h 00 h 23 h 00 h 23 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 02 h 01 h 01 h

−42° −46° −43° −49° −45° −55° −57° −46° −42° −43° −48° −48° −46° −45° −56° −52° −50° −50° −48° −41° −42° −44° −46° −57°

2.39 3.31 3.41 3.95 3.88 3.92 4.36 6.09 4.71 3.94 4.77 5.51 4.59 4.96 5.70 5.13 5.22 5.18 5.71 5.21 5.11 5.14 4.41 6.11

26 m 06 m 28 m 31 m 09 m 08 m 43 m 39 m 35 m 26 m 31 m 35 m 41 m 15 m 41 m 58 m 50 m 47 m 01 m 07 m 54 m 01 m 53 m 02 m

17.0 s 05.0 s 21.9 s 15.0 s 24.6 s 23.0 s 21.2 s 27.9 s 04.5 s 12.1 s 24.9 s 41.0 s 19.5 s 11.1 s 46.3 s 55.7 s 41.0 s 15.9 s 04.4 s 47.8 s 21.9 s 42.3 s 38.7 s 01.8 s

18′ 43′ 19′ 04′ 44′ 14′ 27′ 38′ 36′ 40′ 48′ 00′ 05′ 31′ 30′ 44′ 59′ 13′ 48′ 29′ 29′ 42′ 18′ 00′

22′′ 08′′ 06′′ 22′′ 51′′ 45′′ 47′′ 16′′ 55′′ 48′′ 13′′ 04′′ 06′′ 54′′ 06′′ 45′′ 13′′ 35′′ 36′′ 14′′ 50′′ 48′′ 10′′ 09′′

The Constellations

139 Phoenix

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian rising

Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. setting Daylight

meridian

3 p.m. rising 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

140

Pictor the Painter’s Easel

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ζ η1 η2 θ ι1 ι2 κ λ µ ν

06 h 05 h 05 h 06 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 05 h 04 h 04 h 05 h 04 h 06 h 06 h

−61° −51° −56° −54° −50° −49° −49° −52° −53° −53° −56° −50° −58° −56°

3.27 3.85 4.51 4.81 5.45 5.38 5.03 6.27 5.61 6.42 6.11 5.31 5.70 5.61

48 m 47 m 49 m 10 m 19 m 02 m 04 m 24 m 50 m 50 m 22 m 42 m 31 m 22 m

11.4 s 17.1 s 49.6 s 17.9 s 22.0 s 48.6 s 57.9 s 46.1 s 55.1 s 56.3 s 22.2 s 46.3 s 58.4 s 55.8 s

56′ 03′ 10′ 58′ 36′ 09′ 34′ 18′ 27′ 27′ 08′ 28′ 45′ 22′

29′′ 59′′ 00′′ 07′′ 22′′ 05′′ 41′′ 59′′ 41′′ 35′′ 04′′ 52′′ 15′′ 12′′

The Constellations

141 Pictor

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

The constellation Pictor is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

142

Pisces the Fishes

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α1 α2 β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4 ω

02 h 02 h 23 h 23 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 23 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 23 h

+02° +02° +03° +03° +07° +07° +07° +07° +15° +06° +05° +01° +01° +06° +05° +03° +09° +12° +19° +31° +30° +27° +24° +21° +21° +21° +20° +19° +06°

5.28 4.16 4.48 3.70 4.44 4.27 5.28 6.43 3.62 4.27 4.13 4.95 4.49 4.84 4.45 4.61 4.26 5.54 5.35 5.50 4.51 4.74 4.67 4.66 5.33 5.52 5.56 5.57 4.03

02 m 02 m 03 m 17 m 48 m 02 m 13 m 13 m 31 m 27 m 39 m 26 m 42 m 30 m 41 m 53 m 45 m 37 m 26 m 02 m 11 m 19 m 13 m 11 m 05 m 05 m 07 m 09 m 59 m

02.7 s 02.7 s 52.5 s 09.9 s 40.9 s 56.5 s 43.8 s 45.2 s 28.9 s 58.0 s 57.0 s 55.9 s 02.7 s 11.1 s 25.8 s 33.3 s 23.6 s 05.9 s 15.2 s 49.0 s 39.6 s 27.9 s 44.8 s 27.1 s 40.9 s 41.6 s 57.1 s 49.1 s 18.6 s

45′ 45′ 49′ 16′ 35′ 53′ 34′ 34′ 20′ 22′ 37′ 15′ 46′ 08′ 29′ 11′ 09′ 08′ 10′ 48′ 05′ 15′ 35′ 02′ 28′ 27′ 44′ 39′ 51′

49′′ 49′′ 12′′ 56′′ 06′′ 24′′ 31′′ 42′′ 45′′ 44′′ 35′′ 20′′ 48′′ 38′′ 15′′ 15′′ 28′′ 30′′ 20′′ 16′′ 23′′ 51′′ 01′′ 05′′ 24′′ 56′′ 21′′ 31′′ 48′′

The Constellations

143

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M74

Galaxy

01 h 36 m 41.6 s

+15° 47.1′

9.4

Pisces 12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight

rising setting

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

meridian Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon

rising Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

144

Piscis Austrinus the Southern Fish

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι λ µ π τ υ

22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 22 h 21 h 21 h 22 h 22 h 23 h 22 h 22 h

−29° −32° −32° −32° −27° −26° −28° −30° −33° −27° −32° −34° −32° −34°

1.16 4.29 4.46 4.21 4.17 6.43 5.42 5.01 4.34 5.43 4.50 5.11 4.92 4.99

57 m 31 m 52 m 55 m 40 m 30 m 00 m 47 m 44 m 14 m 08 m 03 m 10 m 08 m

39.0 s 30.3 s 31.5 s 56.8 s 39.3 s 53.6 s 50.1 s 44.1 s 56.7 s 18.7 s 22.9 s 29.7 s 08.7 s 25.9 s

37′ 20′ 52′ 32′ 02′ 04′ 27′ 53′ 01′ 46′ 59′ 44′ 32′ 02′

20′′ 46′′ 32′′ 23′′ 37′′ 25′′ 13′′ 54′′ 33′′ 01′′ 19′′ 58′′ 55′′ 38′′

The Constellations

145 Piscis Austrinus

12 Noon Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m.

12 Noon

meridian

Jan

Feb

Daylight

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

146

Puppis the Ship’s Stern

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

ζ ν ξ ο1 ο2 π ρ σ τ

08 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 08 h 07 h 06 h

−40° −43° −24° −39° −25° −37° −24° −43° −50°

2.25 3.17 3.34 6.76 4.50 2.70 2.81 3.25 2.93

03 m 37 m 49 m 33 m 48 m 17 m 07 m 29 m 49 m

35.0 s 45.6 s 17.6 s 58.4 s 05.1 s 08.5 s 32.6 s 13.8 s 56.1 s

00′ 11′ 51′ 54′ 56′ 05′ 18′ 18′ 36′

11′′ 45′′ 35′′ 21′′ 14′′ 51′′ 15′′ 05′′ 53′′

The Constellations

147

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M46 M47 M93 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

07 h 07 h 07 h 06 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h

−14° −14° −23° −36° −11° −15° −20° −13° −31° −37° −27° −26° −38° −17° −24° −27° −30° −19° −28° −29° −12° −37° −30° −37° −29° −36° −30° −29°

6.1 4.4 6.2 9.2 7.4 7.9 8.3 6.7 6.9 2.8 8.3 7.1 5.8 9.6 7.3 7.6 7.9 9.3 6.5 7.6 6.5 6.3 7.4 10.0 7.0 7.5 9.7 9.2

2298 2396 2414 2421 2423 2439 2451 2453 2467 2477 2479 2482 2483 2489 2509 2527 2533 2539 2546 2567 2568 2571 2579 2580 2587

41 m 36 m 44 m 48 m 28 m 33 m 36 m 37 m 40 m 45 m 47 m 52 m 52 m 55 m 55 m 55 m 56 m 00 m 04 m 07 m 10 m 12 m 18 m 18 m 18 m 20 m 21 m 23 m

46.8 s 35.0 s 29.2 s 59.1 s 02.9 s 12.8 s 11.8 s 06.7 s 45.4 s 15.0 s 34.1 s 29.5 s 09.8 s 06.1 s 10.3 s 38.8 s 15.9 s 47.8 s 58.2 s 04.1 s 37.9 s 15.6 s 29.1 s 18.1 s 56.3 s 53.0 s 27.9 s 24.1 s

48.6′ 28.9′ 51.2′ 00.3′ 43.2′ 27.2′ 36.7′ 52.8′ 41.5′ 58.1′ 11.7′ 25.8′ 32.0′ 42.5′ 15.3′ 53.2′ 03.8′ 03.0′ 08.8 53.0′ 49.1′ 35.6′ 38.7′ 06.3′ 44.9′ 13.0′ 17.6′ 30.5′

Puppis 12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight

setting

6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m. rising

setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m.

3 p.m.

Daylight

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

148

Pyxis the Ship’s Compass

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ κ λ

08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 09 h

−33° −35° −27° −27° −30° −29° −26° −25° −25° −28°

3.68 3.97 4.01 4.89 5.59 4.89 5.27 4.72 4.58 4.69

43 m 40 m 50 m 55 m 09 m 39 m 37 m 21 m 08 m 23 m

35.5 s 06.2 s 31.9 s 31.5 s 56.4 s 42.5 s 52.1 s 29.6 s 02.8 s 12.1 s

11′ 18′ 42′ 40′ 21′ 33′ 15′ 57′ 51′ 50′

11′′ 29′′ 36′′ 55′′ 55′′ 40′′ 18′′ 56′′ 30′′ 02′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 2627 NGC 2658 NGC 2818

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

08 h 37 m 14.9 s 08 h 43 m 27.3 s 09 h 16 m 00.0 s

−29° 57.0′ −32° 39.4′ −36° 37.0′

8.4 9.2 8.2

The Constellations

149 Pyxis

12 Noon setting 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m.

meridian

3 a.m. setting

rising

Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

150

Reticulum the Reticle

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ

04 h 03 h 04 h 03 h 04 h 03 h 03 h 04 h 04 h 04 h 03 h

−62° −64° −62° −61° −59° −62° −62° −63° −63° −61° −62°

3.35 3.85 4.51 4.56 4.44 5.54 5.24 5.24 5.87 4.97 4.72

14 m 44 m 00 m 58 m 16 m 17 m 18 m 21 m 17 m 01 m 29 m

25.5 s 12.0 s 53.8 s 44.7 s 28.9 s 46.1 s 12.8 s 53.4 s 39.7 s 18.2 s 22.6 s

28′ 48′ 09′ 24′ 18′ 34′ 30′ 23′ 15′ 04′ 56′

26′′ 26′′ 34′′ 01′′ 07′′ 32′′ 23′′ 11′′ 19′′ 44′′ 16′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 1313

Galaxy

03 h 18 m 16.0 s

−66° 29.9′

9.8

The Constellations

151 Reticulum

12 Noon 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

Midnight 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m.

Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Reticulum is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

152

Sagitta the Arrow

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ

19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 20 h

+18° +17° +19° +18° +16° +19° +19° +20°

4.37 4.37 3.47 3.82 5.66 5.00 5.10 6.48

40 m 41 m 58 m 47 m 37 m 48 m 05 m 09 m

05.7 s 02.9 s 45.3 s 23.2 s 17.3 s 58.6 s 09.4 s 52.2 s

00′ 28′ 29′ 32′ 27′ 08′ 59′ 53′

50′′ 33′′ 32′′ 03′′ 46′′ 31′′ 28′′ 48′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M71

Globular Cluster

19 h 53 m 48.0 s

+18° 47.0′

8.0

The Constellations

153 Sagitta

12 Noon Daylight

rising

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

meridian 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

154

Sagittarius the Archer

Star Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

Star Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β1 β2 γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ1 θ2 ι κ1 κ2 λ µ

−40° −44° −44° −29° −30° −29° −34° −29° −36° −35° −34° −41° −42° −42° −25° −21°

3.97 4.01 4.29 4.69 2.99 2.70 1.85 2.60 3.11 4.37 5.30 4.13 5.59 5.64 2.81 3.86

ν1 ν2 ξ1 ξ2 ο π ρ1 ρ2 σ τ υ ϕ χ1 χ2 ψ ω

−22° −22° −20° −21° −21° −21° −17° −18° −26° −27° −15° −26° −24° −23° −25° −26°

4.83 4.99 5.08 3.51 3.77 2.89 3.93 5.87 2.02 3.32 4.61 3.17 5.03 5.43 4.85 4.70

Deep sky object M8 M17 M18 M20

19 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 20 h 18 h 18 h

23 m 22 m 23 m 05 m 05 m 20 m 24 m 02 m 17 m 59 m 59 m 55 m 22 m 23 m 27 m 13 m

53.0 s 38.2 s 13.1 s 01.2 s 48.4 s 59.6 s 10.3 s 36.6 s 37.5 s 44.1 s 51.2 s 15.5 s 27.4 s 53.1 s 58.1 s 45.7 s

Description Right ascension Lagoon Nebula Omega Nebula Open Cluster Trifid Nebula

36′ 27′ 47′ 34′ 25′ 49′ 23′ 52′ 45′ 16′ 41′ 52′ 02′ 25′ 25′ 03′

58′′ 32′′ 59′′ 48′′ 27′′ 41′′ 05′′ 49′′ 42′′ 35′′ 53′′ 06′′ 59′′ 23′′ 18′′ 32′′

Declination Mag.

18 h 03 m 48.0 s −24° 23.0′ 5.0 18 h 20 m 48.0 s −16° 11.0′ 6.0 18 h 19 m 54.0 s −17° 08.0′ 6.9 18 h 02 m 36.0 s −23° 02.0′ 9.0

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h

54 m 55 m 57 m 57 m 04 m 09 m 21 m 21 m 55 m 06 m 21 m 45 m 25 m 25 m 15 m 55 m

10.1 s 07.0 s 20.4 s 43.7 s 40.9 s 45.7 s 40.3 s 50.8 s 15.8 s 56.3 s 43.5 s 39.3 s 16.4 s 29.6 s 32.3 s 50.3 s

Deep sky object

Description Right ascension

NGC 6530 NGC 6544 NGC 6546 NGC 6553

Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster

44′ 40′ 39′ 06′ 44′ 01′ 50′ 18′ 17′ 40′ 57′ 59′ 30′ 57′ 15′ 17′

42′′ 17′′ 23′′ 24′′ 30′′ 25′′ 50′′ 30′′ 48′′ 14′′ 18′′ 27′′ 31′′ 44′′ 24′′ 58′′

Declination

Mag.

18 h 04 m 48.0 s −24° 20.0′

4.6

18 h 07 m 18.0 s −25° 00.0′

8.1

18 h 07 m 12.0 s −23° 20.0′

8.0

18 h 09 m 18.0 s −25° 54.0′

8.1

The Constellations Deep sky object M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M28 M54 M55 M69 M70 M75 NGC 6440 NGC 6469 NGC 6507 NGC 6520 NGC 6522 NGC 6528

155

Description Right ascension Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Milky Way Patch Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster

Declination Mag.

18 h 04 m 36.0 s −22° 30.0′ 5.9 18 h 36 m 24.0 s −23° 54.0′ 5.1 17 h 56 m 48.0 s −19° 01.0′ 5.5 18 h 18 m 24.0 s −18° 25.0′ 4.6 18 h 31 m 36.0 s −19° 15.0′ 6.5 18 h 24 m 30.0 s −24° 52.0′ 6.8 18 h 55 m 06.0 s −30° 29.0′ 7.6 19 h 40 m 00.0 s −30° 58.0′ 6.4 18 h 31 m 24.0 s −32° 21.0′ 7.6 18 h 43 m 12.0 s −32° 18.0′ 8.0 20 h 06 m 06.0 s −21° 55.0′ 8.5 17 h 48 m 54.0 s −20° 22.0′ 9.1 17 h 52 m 54.0 s −22° 21.0′ 8.2 17 h 59 m 36.0 s −17° 24.0′ 9.6 18 h 03 m 24.0 s −27° 54.0′ 7.6 18 h 03 m 35.0 s −30° 02.1′ 8.4

Deep sky object

Description Right ascension

NGC 6558 NGC 6561 NGC 6568 NGC 6569 NGC 6583 NGC 6590 NGC 6624 NGC 6638 NGC 6642 NGC 6645 NGC 6647 NGC 6652 NGC 6716 NGC 6717 NGC 6723 NGC 6822

Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Barnard’s Galaxy

Declination

Mag.

18 h 10 m 18.0 s −31° 46.0′

9.8

18 h 10 m 30.0 s −16° 48.0′

9.0

18 h 12 m 48.0 s −21° 36.0′

8.6

18 h 13 m 36.0 s −31° 50.0′

8.7

18 h 15 m 48.0 s −22° 08.0′ 10.0 18 h 17 m 00.0 s −19° 53.0′

7.0

18 h 23 m 42.0 s −30° 22.0′

8.0

18 h 30 m 54.0 s −25° 30.0′

9.1

18 h 31 m 54.0 s −23° 29.0′

9.4

18 h 32 m 36.0 s −16° 54.0′

8.5

18 h 31 m 30.0 s −17° 21.0′

8.0

18 h 35 m 48.0 s −32° 59.0′

8.8

18 h 54 m 36.0 s −19° 53.0′

7.5

18 h 55 m 06.0 s −22° 42.0′

9.2

18 h 59 m 36.0 s −36° 38.0′

7.2

19h 44 m 54.0 s

9.3

−14° 48.0′

18 h 04 m 48.0 s −30° 03.0′ 9.5

Sagittarius 12 Noon rising Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m. rising

meridian

setting

Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m.

setting Daylight

meridian 12 Noon Jan Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

156

Scorpius the Scorpion

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β1 β2 δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι1 ι2 κ λ µ1 µ2 ν1 ν2 ξ1 ξ2 ο π ρ σ τ υ χ ψ ω1 ω2

16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h

−26° −19° −19° −22° −34° −42° −42° −43° −42° −40° −40° −39° −37° −38° −38° −19° −19° −11° −11° −24° −26° −29° −25° −28° −37° −11° −10° −20° −20°

0.96 2.62 4.92 2.32 2.29 3.62 4.73 3.33 1.87 3.03 4.81 2.41 1.63 3.08 3.57 4.01 6.30 4.77 5.07 4.55 2.89 3.88 2.89 2.82 2.69 5.22 4.94 3.96 4.32

29 m 05 m 05 m 00 m 50 m 54 m 53 m 12 m 37 m 47 m 50 m 42 m 33 m 51 m 52 m 11 m 11 m 04 m 04 m 20 m 58 m 56 m 21 m 35 m 30 m 13 m 11 m 06 m 07 m

24.4 s 26.1 s 26.4 s 19.9 s 09.7 s 34.9 s 59.6 s 09.1 s 19.0 s 35.0 s 11.0 s 29.1 s 36.4 s 52.1 s 20.0 s 59.6 s 58.5 s 22.0 s 22.0 s 38.1 s 51.0 s 53.0 s 11.2 s 52.9 s 45.7 s 50.7 s 59.9 s 48.3 s 24.2 s

25′ 48′ 48′ 37′ 17′ 21′ 21′ 14′ 59′ 07′ 05′ 01′ 06′ 02′ 01′ 27′ 26′ 22′ 22′ 10′ 06′ 12′ 35′ 12′ 17′ 50′ 03′ 40′ 52′

55′′ 19′′ 07′′ 18′′ 36′′ 41′′ 43′′ 21′′ 52′′ 37′′ 26′′ 48′′ 13′′ 51′′ 03′′ 38′′ 59′′ 23′′ 23′′ 10′′ 51′′ 50′′ 34′′ 58′′ 45′′ 16′′ 51′′ 09′′ 07′′

The Constellations

157

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M4 M6 M7 M80 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Globular Cluster Butterfly Cluster Ptolemy’s Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Planetary Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster Tom Thumb Cluster Globular Cluster Globular Cluster

16 h 17 h 17 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h 17 h

26° −32° −34° −22° −40° −38° −26° −45° −43° −41° −39° −44° −44° −39° −37° −37° −42° −32° −32° −44° −35° −36° −32° −31° −37° −30° −34° −44°

5.8 4.2 3.3 7.3 5.8 8.9 9.0 7.2 8.5 2.6 6.4 8.2 8.0 9.5 5.4 9.6 6.0 9.0 5.5 6.7 8.5 8.8 5.7 7.2 7.2 8.2 9.8 8.5

6124 6139 6144 6178 6192 6231 6242 6249 6259 6268 6281 6302 6322 6374 6383 6388 6396 6400 6416 6425 6441 6451 6453 6496

23 m 40 m 53 m 17 m 25 m 27 m 27 m 35 m 40 m 54 m 55 m 57 m 00 m 02 m 04 m 13 m 18 m 32 m 34 m 36 m 38 m 40 m 44 m 46 m 50 m 50 m 50 m 59 m

35.4 s 06.0 s 54.0 s 03.1 s 20.0 s 40.4 s 14.1 s 47.2 s 23.8 s 0.0 s 36.0 s 36.0 s 42.0 s 24.0 s 48.0 s 44.1 s 30.0 s 18.0 s 48.0 s 18.0 s 06.0 s 48.0 s 24.0 s 54.0 s 12.0 s 42.0 s 54.0 s 00.0 s

31.5′ 13.0′ 49.0′ 58.5′ 39.2′ 50.9′ 01.5′ 38.6′ 22.0′ 48.0′ 30.0′ 47.0′ 40.0′ 44.0′ 54.0′ 06.2′ 57.0′ 36.0′ 34.0′ 44.0′ 00.0′ 57.0′ 21.0′ 32.0′ 03.0′ 13.0′ 36.0′ 16.0′

Scorpius

12 Noon

rising 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m. 3 a.m. rising

meridian

setting

Midnight 9 p.m. 6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. setting 12 Noon

Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

meridian

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

158

Sculptor the Sculptor’s Workshop

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2 λ1 λ2 µ ξ π σ τ

0h 23 h 23 h 23 h 01 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 23 h 01 h 01 h 01 h 01 h

−29° −37° −32° −28° −25° −29° −33° −35° −28° −27° −27° −38° −38° −32° −38° −32° −31° −29°

4.31 4.37 4.41 4.57 5.31 5.01 4.81 5.25 5.18 5.42 5.41 6.06 5.90 5.31 5.59 5.25 5.50 5.69

58 m 32 m 18 m 48 m 45 m 02 m 27 m 11 m 21 m 09 m 11 m 42 m 44 m 40 m 01 m 42 m 02 m 36 m

36.3 s 58.2 s 49.4 s 55.5 s 38.7 s 19.9 s 55.7 s 43.9 s 31.2 s 20.9 s 34.4 s 42.8 s 12.0 s 38.1 s 18.3 s 08.5 s 26.3 s 08.3 s

21′ 49′ 31′ 07′ 03′ 43′ 00′ 07′ 58′ 59′ 47′ 27′ 25′ 04′ 54′ 19′ 33′ 54′

28′′ 07′′ 55′′ 49′′ 10′′ 15′′ 26′′ 59′′ 54′′ 16′′ 59′′ 48′′ 18′′ 24′′ 59′′ 37′′ 07′′ 27′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Spiral Galaxy Silver Coin Galaxy Globular Cluster Galaxy Galaxy

00 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 23 h

−39° −25° −26° −37° −32°

7.9 7.1 8.1 8.1 9.1

55 253 288 300 7793

15 m 47 m 52 m 54 m 57 m

08.4 s 33.1 s 47.4 s 53.4 s 48.0 s

13.2′ 17.3′ 35.4′ 41.0′ 35.0′

The Constellations

159 Sculptor

12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. setting 3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m. setting 6 p.m. meridian

Daylight

3 p.m. rising 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

160

Scutum the Shield

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h

−08° −04° −14° −09° −08° −08° −05°

3.85 4.22 4.70 4.72 4.90 4.68 4.83

35 m 47 m 29 m 42 m 43 m 23 m 57 m

12.3 s 10.4 s 11.7 s 16.3 s 31.2 s 39.4 s 03.6 s

14′ 44′ 33′ 03′ 16′ 56′ 50′

39′′ 53′′ 57′′ 09′′ 31′′ 04′′ 46′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M11 M26 NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Wild Duck Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Globular Cluster

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h

−06° −09° −12° −10° −08° −05° −08°

5.8 8.0 9.0 8.9 7.8 9.2 8.2

6625 6649 6664 6704 6712

51 m 45 m 23 m 33 m 36 m 50 m 53 m

06.0 s 12.0 s 12.0 s 30.0 s 42.0 s 54.0 s 06.0 s

16.0′ 24.0′ 03.0′ 24′ 13.0′ 12.0′ 42.0′

The Constellations

161 Scutum

12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting

meridian

rising Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

setting 3 p.m.

12 Noon

meridian Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

162

Serpens Caput the Serpent’s Head

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 ε ι κ λ µ π ρ σ τ1 τ2 τ3 τ4 τ5 τ6 τ7 υ ϕ χ ψ ω

15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 15 h 16 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h 15 h

+06° +15° +15° +10° +10° +04° +19° +18° +07° −03° +22° +20° +01° +15° +16° +17° +16° +16° +18° +17° +14° +14° +12° +02° +02°

2.65 3.67 3.85 3.80 3.80 3.71 4.52 4.09 4.43 3.53 4.83 4.76 4.82 5.17 6.22 6.12 5.93 6.01 5.81 6.14 5.71 5.54 5.33 5.88 5.23

44 m 46 m 56 m 34 m 34 m 50 m 41 m 48 m 46 m 49 m 02 m 51 m 22 m 25 m 32 m 35 m 36 m 40 m 41 m 44 m 47 m 57 m 41 m 44 m 50 m

16.0 s 11.2 s 27.1 s 48.0 s 48.1 s 48.9 s 33.0 s 44.3 s 26.5 s 37.1 s 17.7 s 15.8 s 04.3 s 47.3 s 09.6 s 33.1 s 29.2 s 59.1 s 54.6 s 42.1 s 17.2 s 14.5 s 47.3 s 01.6 s 17.5 s

25′ 25′ 39′ 32′ 32′ 28′ 40′ 08′ 21′ 25′ 48′ 58′ 01′ 25′ 03′ 39′ 07′ 01′ 27′ 15′ 06′ 24′ 50′ 30′ 11′

32′′ 18′′ 42′′ 15′′ 21′′ 40′′ 13′′ 29′′ 11′′ 49′′ 16′′ 40′′ 45′′ 41′′ 22′′ 20′′ 08′′ 29′′ 50′′ 51′′ 55′′ 52′′ 50′′ 54′′ 47′′

The Constellations

163

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M5

Globular Cluster

15 h 18 m 36.0 s

+02° 05.0′

5.7

Serpens Caput 12 Noon meridian 9 a.m.

Daylight

6 a.m.

rising

3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m.

3 p.m. setting Daylight 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

164

Serpens Cauda the Serpent’s Tail

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

ζ η θ1 θ2 ν ξ ο

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 17 h 17 h 17 h

−03° −02° +04° +04° −12° −15° −12°

4.62 3.26 4.62 4.98 4.33 3.54 4.26

00 m 21 m 56 m 56 m 20 m 37 m 41 m

28.8 s 18.5 s 13.1 s 14.5 s 49.5 s 35.1 s 24.8 s

41′ 53′ 12′ 12′ 50′ 23′ 52′

25′′ 56′′ 13′′ 07′′ 48′′ 55′′ 31′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M16 NGC 6539 NGC 6604 NGC 6605

Open Cluster Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h

−13° −07° −12° −14°

6.0 9.8 6.5 6.0

18 m 04 m 18 m 17 m

48.0 s 48.0 s 06.0 s 06.0 s

47.0′ 35.0′ 14.0′ 58.0′

The Constellations

165 Serpens Cauda

12 Noon Daylight

rising

9 a.m.

6 a.m.

3 a.m. setting meridian Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. setting 3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

166

Sextans the Sextant

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε

10 h 10 h 9h 10 h 10 h

−00° −00° −08° −02° −08°

4.49 5.09 5.05 5.21 5.24

07 m 30 m 52 m 29 m 17 m

56.2 s 17.4 s 30.4 s 28.6 s 37.7 s

22′ 38′ 06′ 44′ 04′

18′′ 13′′ 18′′ 21′′ 08′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 3115

The Spindle Galaxy

10 h 05 m 14.1 s

−07° 43.1′

9.1

The Constellations

167 Sextans

12 Noon

setting

9 a.m.

Daylight meridian

6 a.m.

3 a.m. rising setting Midnight meridian 9 p.m. rising 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

168

Taurus the Bull

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ1 δ2 δ3 ε ζ η θ1 θ2 ι κ1 κ2 λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ1 σ2 τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω1 ω2

4h 5h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 5h 3h 4h 4h 5h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 3h 3h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h 4h

+16° +28° +15° +17° +17° +17° +19° +21° +24° +15° +15° +21° +22° +22° +12° +08° +05° +09° +09° +14° +14° +15° +15° +22° +22° +27° +25° +29° +19° +20°

0.85 1.65 3.65 3.76 4.80 4.29 3.53 3.00 2.87 3.84 3.40 4.64 4.22 5.28 3.47 4.29 3.91 3.74 3.60 4.69 4.65 5.07 4.69 4.28 4.28 4.95 5.37 5.23 5.50 4.94

35 m 26 m 19 m 22 m 24 m 25 m 28 m 37 m 47 m 28 m 28 m 03 m 25 m 25 m 00 m 15 m 03 m 27 m 24 m 26 m 33 m 39 m 39 m 42 m 26 m 20 m 22 m 07 m 09 m 17 m

55.2 s 17.5 s 47.5 s 56.0 s 05.7 s 29.3 s 36.9 s 38.6 s 29.0 s 34.4 s 39.7 s 05.7 s 22.1 s 24.9 s 40.8 s 32.0 s 09.3 s 10.1 s 48.7 s 36.4 s 50.8 s 09.2 s 16.4 s 14.6 s 18.4 s 21.2 s 34.9 s 00.4 s 09.9 s 15.6 s

30′ 36′ 37′ 32′ 26′ 55′ 10′ 08′ 06′ 57′ 52′ 35′ 17′ 11′ 29′ 53′ 59′ 43′ 01′ 42′ 50′ 47′ 55′ 57′ 48′ 21′ 37′ 00′ 36′ 34′

33′′ 27′′ 39′′ 33′′ 38′′ 41′′ 49′′ 33′′ 18′′ 44′′ 15′′ 24′′ 38′′ 59′′ 25′′ 32′′ 22′′ 58′′ 44′′ 49′′ 40′′ 59′′ 05′′ 25′′ 49′′ 03′′ 45′′ 05′′ 33′′ 43′′

The Constellations

169

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M1 M45 NGC NGC NGC NGC

Crab Nebula Pleiades Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

05 h 03 h 04 h 05 h 05 h 05 h

+22° +24° +19° +23° +16° +16°

9.0 1.6 6.4 6.1 7.0 7.7

1647 1746 1807 1817

34 m 47 m 45 m 03 m 10 m 12 m

31.9 s 00.0 s 55.6 s 50.2 s 41.1 s 26.3 s

00.9′ 07.0′ 06.7′ 46.1′ 31.9′ 41.0′

Taurus 12 Noon

9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

setting

3 a.m.

meridian

Midnight

rising

setting 9 p.m. meridian 6 p.m.

3 p.m.

12 Noon

rising

Jan

Feb

Daylight Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

170

Telescopium the Telescope

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α δ1 δ2 ε ζ η ι κ λ µ ν ξ ρ

18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 18 h 18 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 19 h

−45° −45° −45° −45° −49° −54° −48° −52° −52° −55° −56° −52° −52°

3.51 4.96 5.07 4.53 4.13 5.05 4.90 5.17 4.87 6.30 5.35 4.94 5.16

26 m 31 m 32 m 11 m 28 m 22 m 35 m 52 m 58 m 30 m 48 m 07 m 06 m

58.3 s 45.3 s 01.9 s 13.7 s 49.8 s 51.0 s 12.8 s 39.5 s 27.6 s 34.4 s 01.1 s 23.1 s 19.8 s

58′ 54′ 45′ 57′ 04′ 25′ 05′ 06′ 56′ 06′ 21′ 52′ 20′

06′′ 54′′ 26′′ 15′′ 15′′ 25′′ 57′′ 27′′ 18′′ 36′′ 46′′ 51′′ 27′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6584

Globular Cluster

18 h 18 m 36.0 s

−52° 13.0′

9.2

The Constellations

171 Telescopium

12 Noon rising 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m. setting 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

172

Triangulum the Triangle

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε

1h 2h 2h 2h 2h

+29° +34° +33° +34° +33°

3.41 3.00 4.01 4.87 5.50

53 m 09 m 17 m 17 m 02 m

04.8 s 32.5 s 18.8 s 03.2 s 57.9 s

34′ 59′ 50′ 13′ 17′

44′′ 14′′ 50′′ 28′′ 03′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M33 NGC 925

The Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy

01 h 33 m 50.8 s 02 h 27 m 17.1 s

+30° 39.6′ +33° 34.7′

5.7 10.0

The Constellations

173 Triangulum

12 Noon

rising Daylight

9 a.m. setting

6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight rising

setting 9 p.m.

6 p.m. meridian 3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

174

Triangulum Australe the Southern Triangle

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ

16 h 15 h 15 h 16 h 15 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 16 h 15 h

−69° −63° −68° −63° −66° −70° −68° −65° −64° −68°

1.92 2.85 2.89 3.85 4.11 4.91 5.91 5.52 5.27 5.09

48 m 55 m 18 m 15 m 36 m 28 m 41 m 35 m 27 m 55 m

39.9 s 08.4 s 54.6 s 26.2 s 43.1 s 28.1 s 23.3 s 44.7 s 57.2 s 29.5 s

01′ 25′ 40′ 41′ 19′ 05′ 17′ 29′ 03′ 36′

40′′ 50′′ 46′′ 08′′ 02′′ 04′′ 46′′ 44′′ 29′′ 11′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC 6025

Open Cluster

16 h 03 m 17.0 s

−60° 25.9′

5.1

The Constellations

175 Triangulum Australe

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Triangulum Australe is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

176

Tucana the Toucan

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β1 β2 β3 γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ1 λ2 ν π ρ

22 h 00 h 00 h 00 h 23 h 22 h 23 h 00 h 23 h 00 h 01 h 01 h 00 h 00 h 22 h 00 h 00 h

−60° −62° −62° −63° −58° −64° −65° −64° −64° −71° −61° −68° −69° −69° −61° −69° −65°

2.86 4.37 4.54 5.09 3.99 4.48 4.50 4.23 5.00 6.13 5.37 4.86 6.22 5.45 4.81 5.51 5.39

18 m 31 m 31 m 32 m 17 m 27 m 59 m 20 m 57 m 33 m 07 m 15 m 52 m 55 m 33 m 20 m 42 m

30.1 s 32.7 s 33.6 s 43.8 s 25.7 s 20.0 s 55.0 s 04.2 s 35.2 s 23.4 s 18.7 s 46.2 s 24.4 s 00.3 s 00.0 s 38.9 s 28.4 s

15′ 57′ 57′ 01′ 14′ 58′ 34′ 52′ 17′ 16′ 46′ 52′ 30′ 31′ 58′ 37′ 28′

35′′ 30′′ 57′′ 53′′ 08′′ 00′′ 38′′ 30′′ 55′′ 00′′ 31′′ 34′′ 16′′ 38′′ 57′′ 30′′ 05′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC

Globular Cluster Small Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster Globular Cluster

00 h 00 h 00 h 01 h

−72° −72° −72° −70°

4.0 2.3 9.6 6.6

104 292 330 362

24 m 52 m 56 m 03 m

05.1 s 38.0 s 19.8 s 14.2 s

04.8′ 48.0′ 27.7′ 50.9′

The Constellations

177 Tucana

12 Noon 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m. 3 a.m. meridian Midnight 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

meridian 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Tucana is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

178

Ursa Major the Great Bear

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ1 ζ2 η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ1 ξ2 ο π1 π2 ρ σ1 σ2 τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

11 h 11 h 11 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 13 h 09 h 08 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 11 h 11 h 10 h

+61° +56° +53° +57° +55° +54° +54° +49° +51° +48° +47° +42° +41° +33° +31° +31° +60° +65° +64° +67° +66° +67° +63° +59° +54° +47° +44° +43°

1.79 2.37 2.44 3.31 1.77 2.27 3.95 1.86 3.17 3.14 3.60 3.45 3.05 3.48 4.87 4.41 3.36 5.64 4.60 4.76 5.14 4.80 4.67 3.80 4.59 3.71 3.01 4.71

03 m 01 m 53 m 15 m 54 m 23 m 23 m 47 m 32 m 59 m 03 m 17 m 22 m 18 m 18 m 18 m 30 m 39 m 40 m 02 m 08 m 10 m 10 m 50 m 52 m 46 m 09 m 53 m

43.6 s 50.4 s 49.8 s 25.5 s 01.7 s 55.5 s 56.3 s 32.3 s 51.3 s 12.4 s 37.5 s 05.7 s 19.7 s 28.7 s 10.9 s 10.9 s 15.8 s 11.7 s 12.9 s 32.7 s 23.5 s 23.1 s 55.0 s 59.3 s 06.3 s 03.0 s 39.7 s 58.7 s

45′ 22′ 41′ 01′ 57′ 55′ 55′ 18′ 40′ 02′ 09′ 54′ 29′ 05′ 31′ 31′ 43′ 01′ 19′ 37′ 52′ 08′ 30′ 02′ 03′ 46′ 29′ 11′

03′′ 56′′ 41′′ 57′′ 35′′ 31′′ 18′′ 48′′ 38′′ 30′′ 24′′ 52′′ 58′′ 39′′ 45′′ 45′′ 05′′ 15′′ 41′′ 47′′ 24′′ 04′′ 49′′ 19′′ 51′′ 46′′ 54′′ 24′′

The Constellations

179

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M40 M81 M82 M97 M101 M108 M109 NGC 2768 NGC 2841 NGC 3077 NGC 3184

Double Star Bode’s Galaxy The Cigar Galaxy The Owl Nebula The Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Irregular Galaxy Spiral Galaxy

12 h 09 h 09 h 11 h 14 h 11 h 11 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h

+58° +69° +69° +55° +54° +55° +53° +60° +50° +68° +41°

8.4 6.8 8.4 7.7 7.7 10.0 9.8 10.0 9.3 9.9 9.8

22 m 55 m 55 m 14 m 03 m 11 m 57 m 11 m 22 m 03 m 18 m

24.0 s 32.9 s 50.7 s 47.7 s 12.0 s 31.2 s 36.0 s 37.5 s 02.3 s 20.4 s 17.0 s

05.0′ 03.9′ 40.7′ 01.0′ 21.0′ 40.4′ 23.5′ 02.2′ 58.7′ 44.0′ 25.5′

Ursa Major 12 Noon

9 a.m.

meridian

Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight

3 p.m.

12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

180

Ursa Minor the Smaller Bear

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ λ

02 h 14 h 15 h 17 h 16 h 15 h 16 h 15 h 17 h

+89° +74° +71° +86° +82° +77° +75° +77° +89°

2.02 2.08 3.05 4.36 4.23 4.32 4.95 4.96 6.38

31 m 50 m 20 m 32 m 45 m 44 m 17 m 31 m 16 m

50.5 s 42.2 s 43.6 s 12.5 s 57.8 s 03.3 s 30.2 s 24.7 s 56.0 s

15′ 09′ 50′ 35′ 02′ 47′ 45′ 20′ 02′

51′′ 20′′ 02′′ 11′′ 14′′ 40′′ 19′′ 57′′ 15′′

The Constellations

181 Ursa Minor

12 Noon meridian 9 a.m. Daylight 6 a.m.

3 a.m. meridian Midnight

9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

182

Vela the Ship’s Sail

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

γ1 γ2 δ κ λ µ ο ϕ ψ

08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 08 h 09 h 09 h

−47° −47° −54° −55° −43° −49° −52° −54° −40°

4.27 1.78 1.96 2.50 2.21 2.69 3.62 3.54 3.60

09 m 09 m 44 m 22 m 07 m 46 m 40 m 56 m 30 m

29.2 s 31.9 s 42.2 s 06.8 s 59.7 s 46.1 s 17.6 s 51.7 s 41.9 s

20′ 20′ 42′ 00′ 25′ 25′ 55′ 34′ 28′

44′′ 12′′ 30′′ 38′′ 57′′ 12′′ 19′′ 04′′ 00′′

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC

Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Eight Burst Nebula Globular Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster

08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 08 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 09 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 10 h 10 h

−49° −45° −47° −52° −48° −52° −53° −50° −56° −54° −40° −46° −51° −54°

4.7 8.6 8.8 6.1 7.8 7.2 8.3 9.9 8.8 9.7 8.0 6.7 6.0 7.4

2547 2659 2660 2669 2670 2910 2925 2972 3033 3105 3132 3201 3228 3330

10 m 42 m 42 m 46 m 45 m 30 m 33 m 40 m 48 m 00 m 07 m 17 m 21 m 38 m

10.5 s 33.0 s 38.0 s 22.0 s 29.5 s 29.0 s 10.9 s 11.5 s 39.1 s 39.5 s 01.8 s 36.7 s 22.2 s 47.5 s

13.5′ 00.0′ 12.0′ 56.9′ 47.5′ 54.8′ 23.8′ 19.3′ 24.7′ 47.3′ 26.2′ 24.7′ 43.9′ 06.9′

The Constellations

183 Vela

12 Noon 9 a.m.

setting

Daylight 6 a.m. rising

meridian

3 a.m. setting

Midnight

meridian 9 p.m.

rising

6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

184

Virgo the Maiden

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω

13 h 11 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 12 h 13 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 11 h 11 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 14 h 14 h 14 h 12 h 12 h 11 h

−11° +01° −01° −01° +03° +10° −00° −00° −05° −06° −10° −13° −05° +06° +08° +08° +06° +10° +05° +01° −02° −02° −07° −09° +08°

0.98 3.61 3.65 3.68 3.38 2.83 3.37 3.89 4.38 4.08 4.19 4.52 3.88 4.03 4.85 4.12 4.66 4.88 4.80 4.26 5.14 4.81 4.66 4.79 5.36

25 m 50 m 41 m 41 m 55 m 02 m 34 m 19 m 09 m 16 m 12 m 19 m 43 m 45 m 45 m 05 m 00 m 41 m 17 m 01 m 19 m 28 m 39 m 54 m 38 m

11.5 s 41.6 s 39.5 s 39.5 s 36.1 s 10.5 s 41.5 s 54.3 s 56.9 s 00.8 s 53.7 s 06.5 s 03.5 s 51.5 s 17.0 s 12.5 s 52.3 s 53.0 s 36.2 s 38.7 s 32.4 s 12.1 s 14.7 s 21.1 s 27.5 s

09′ 45′ 26′ 26′ 23′ 57′ 35′ 40′ 32′ 00′ 16′ 22′ 39′ 31′ 15′ 43′ 36′ 14′ 28′ 32′ 15′ 13′ 59′ 32′ 08′

41′′ 53′′ 58′′ 58′′ 51′′ 33′′ 46′′ 00′′ 20′′ 02′′ 25′′ 16′′ 30′′ 46′′ 30′′ 59′′ 51′′ 08′′ 12′′ 40′′ 56′′ 41′′ 44′′ 20′′ 03′′

The Constellations

185

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M49 M58 M59 M60 M61 M84 M86 M87 M89 M90 M104 NGC 4216 NGC 4365 NGC 4438 NGC 4526 NGC 4535 NGC 4636 NGC 4697 NGC 4699 NGC 5247 NGC 5634

Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Sombrero Galaxy Edge-on Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Spiral Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Galaxy Globular Cluster

12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 14 h

+08° +11° +11° +11° +04° +12° +12° +12° +12° +13° −11° +13° +07° +13° +07° +08° +02° −05° −08° −17° −05°

8.4 9.8 9.8 8.8 9.7 9.1 8.9 8.6 9.8 9.5 8.3 10.0 9.6 10.0 9.6 10.0 9.6 9.3 9.6 10.0 9.4

29 m 37 m 42 m 43 m 21 m 25 m 26 m 30 m 35 m 36 m 39 m 15 m 24 m 27 m 34 m 34 m 42 m 48 m 49 m 38 m 29 m

46.7 s 43.5 s 00.0 s 42.0 s 54.9 s 04.7 s 11.9 s 49.3 s 39.9 s 49.9 s 59.4 s 54.1 s 28.1 s 45.6 s 03.1 s 20.3 s 48.0 s 36.0 s 00.0 s 06.0 s 36.0 s

00.0′ 49.1′ 39.0′ 33.0′ 28.4′ 53.2′ 56.8′ 23.4′ 33.4′ 09.8′ 37.4′ 09.0′ 19.1′ 00.5′ 42.0′ 11.9′ 41.0′ 48.0′ 40.0′ 53.0′ 59.0′

Virgo 12 Noon meridian

Daylight 9 a.m.

6 a.m. rising 3 a.m. setting

Midnight

meridian

rising 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon

setting Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

186

Volans the Flying Fish

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α β γ1 γ2 δ ε ζ η θ ι κ1 κ2

09 h 08 h 07 h 07 h 07 h 08 h 07 h 08 h 08 h 06 h 08 h 08 h

−66° −66° −70° −70° −67° −68° −72° −73° −70° −70° −71° −71°

4.00 3.77 5.67 3.78 3.98 4.35 3.95 5.29 5.20 5.40 5.37 5.65

02 m 25 m 08 m 08 m 16 m 07 m 41 m 22 m 39 m 51 m 19 m 20 m

26.9 s 44.3 s 42.2 s 45.0 s 49.8 s 55.9 s 49.3 s 04.7 s 05.3 s 27.0 s 49.2 s 00.8 s

23′ 08′ 29′ 29′ 57′ 37′ 36′ 24′ 23′ 57′ 30′ 30′

46′′ 13′′ 50′′ 57′′ 27′′ 02′′ 22′′ 01′′ 13′′ 49′′ 54′′ 19′′

The Constellations

187 Volans

12 Noon 9 a.m.

Daylight 6 a.m. meridian 3 a.m.

Midnight meridian 9 p.m.

6 p.m. Daylight 3 p.m.

12 Noon Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The constellation Volans is not visible from mid-northern latitudes

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

188

Vulpecula the Fox

Star

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

α

19 h 28 m 42.2 s

+24° 39′ 54′′

4.44

Deep sky object

Description

Right ascension

Declination

Mag.

M27 NGC 6802 NGC 6823 NGC 6830 NGC 6882 NGC 6885 NGC 6940 Collinder 399

The Dumbbell Nebula Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Open Cluster Brocchi’s Cluster (Coathanger)

19 h 19 h 19 h 19 h 20 h 20 h 20 h 19 h

+22° +20° +23° +23° +26° +26° +28° +20°

7.3 8.8 7.1 7.9 8.1 8.1 6.3 3.6

59 m 30 m 43 m 51 m 11 m 12 m 34 m 25 m

36.5 s 36.0 s 06.0 s 00.0 s 42.0 s 00.0 s 36.0 s 24.0 s

43.2′ 16.0′ 18.0′ 04.0′ 33.0′ 29.0′ 18.0′ 11.0′

The Constellations

189 Vulpecula

12 Noon

9 a.m.

rising Daylight

6 a.m.

3 a.m.

setting meridian

Midnight

rising

9 p.m. setting 6 p.m.

3 p.m. Daylight

meridian 12 Noon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

190

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

Constellations near the meridian in January 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Aries, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Cetus, Dorado, Eridanus, Fornax, Horologium, Hydrus, Perseus, Reticulum, Taurus, Triangulum 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Auriga, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Canis Major, Columba, Dorado, Lepus, Mensa, Orion, Pictor, Reticulum, Taurus 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Cancer, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Columba, Gemini, Lynx, Monoceros, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Volans 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Antlia, Cancer, Carina, Chamaeleon, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Pyxis, Sextans, Vela, Volans 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Antlia, Canes Venatici, Chamaeleon, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crater, Crux, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Musca, Sextans, Ursa Major, Virgo

Constellations near the meridian in February 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Auriga, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Canis Major, Columba, Dorado, Lepus, Mensa, Orion, Pictor, Reticulum, Taurus 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Cancer, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Columba, Gemini, Lynx, Monoceros, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Volans 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Antlia, Cancer, Carina, Chamaeleon, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Pyxis, Sextans, Vela, Volans 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Antlia, Canes Venatici, Chamaeleon, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crater, Crux, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Musca, Sextans, Ursa Major, Virgo 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Boötes, Canes Venatici, Centaurus, Circinus, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crux, Musca, Virgo

The Constellations

191

Constellations near the meridian in March 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Cancer, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Columba, Gemini, Lynx, Monoceros, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Volans 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Antlia, Cancer, Carina, Chamaeleon, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Pyxis, Sextans, Vela, Volans 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Antlia, Canes Venatici, Chamaeleon, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crater, Crux, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Sextans, Musca, Ursa Major, Virgo 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Boötes, Canes Venatici, Centaurus, Circinus, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crux, Musca, Virgo 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Apus, Boötes, Circinus, Corona Borealis, Draco, Hercules, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Scorpius, Serpens Caput, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor

Constellations near the meridian in April 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Antlia, Cancer, Carina, Chamaeleon, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Pyxis, Sextans, Vela, Volans 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Antlia, Canes Venatici, Chamaeleon, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crater, Crux, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Musca, Sextans, Ursa Major, Virgo 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Boötes, Canes Venatici, Centaurus, Circinus, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crux, Musca, Virgo 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Apus, Boötes, Circinus, Corona Borealis, Draco, Hercules, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Scorpius, Serpens Caput, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Ara, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe

192

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

Constellations near the meridian in May 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Antlia, Canes Venatici, Chamaeleon, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crater, Crux, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Musca, Sextans, Ursa Major, Virgo 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Boötes, Canes Venatici, Centaurus, Circinus, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crux, Musca, Virgo 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Apus, Boötes, Corona Borealis, Circinus, Draco, Hercules, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Scorpius, Serpens Caput, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Ara, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Aquila, Cepheus, Corona Australis, Cygnus, Delphinus, Lyra, Octans, Pavo, Sagitta, Sagittarius, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Vulpecula

Constellations near the meridian in June 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Boötes, Canes Venatici, Centaurus, Circinus, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Crux, Musca, Virgo 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Apus, Boötes, Circinus, Corona Borealis, Draco, Hercules, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Scorpius, Serpens Caput, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Ara, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Aquila, Cepheus, Corona Australis, Cygnus, Delphinus, Lyra, Octans, Pavo, Sagitta, Sagittarius, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Vulpecula 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Aquarius, Capricornus, Cepheus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Equuleus, Grus, Indus, Lacerta, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, Sagitta

The Constellations

193

Constellations near the meridian in July 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Apus, Boötes, Circinus, Corona Borealis, Draco, Hercules, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Scorpius, Serpens Caput, Triangulum Australe, Ursa Minor 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Ara, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Aquila, Cepheus, Corona Australis, Cygnus, Delphinus, Lyra, Octans, Pavo, Sagitta, Sagittarius, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Vulpecula 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Aquarius, Capricornus, Cepheus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Equuleus, Grus, Indus, Lacerta, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, Sagitta 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Andromeda, Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Grus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Phoenix, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Sculptor, Tucana

Constellations near the meridian in August 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Ara, Hercules, Norma, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens Caput, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Aquila, Cepheus, Corona Australis, Cygnus, Delphinus, Lyra, Octans, Pavo, Sagitta, Sagittarius, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Vulpecula 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Aquarius, Capricornus, Cepheus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Equuleus, Grus, Indus, Lacerta, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, Sagitta 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Andromeda, Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Grus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Phoenix, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Sculptor, Tucana 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Andromeda, Aries, Cassiopeia, Cetus, Fornax, Hydrus, Phoenix, Sculptor, Triangulum

194

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

Constellations near the meridian in September 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Aquila, Cepheus, Corona Australis, Cygnus, Delphinus, Lyra, Octans, Pavo, Sagitta, Sagittarius, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Telescopium, Vulpecula 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Aquarius, Capricornus, Cepheus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Equuleus, Grus, Indus, Lacerta, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, Sagitta 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Andromeda, Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Grus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Phoenix, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Sculptor, Tucana 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Andromeda, Aries, Cassiopeia, Cetus, Fornax, Hydrus, Phoenix, Sculptor, Triangulum 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Aries, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Cetus, Dorado, Eridanus, Fornax, Horologium, Perseus, Hydrus, Reticulum, Taurus, Triangulum

Constellations near the meridian in October 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Aquarius, Capricornus, Cepheus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Equuleus, Grus, Indus, Lacerta, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, Sagitta 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Andromeda, Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Grus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Phoenix, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Sculptor, Tucana 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Andromeda, Aries, Cassiopeia, Cetus, Fornax, Hydrus, Phoenix, Sculptor, Triangulum 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Aries, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Cetus, Dorado, Eridanus, Fornax, Horologium, Hydrus, Perseus, Reticulum, Taurus, Triangulum 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Auriga, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Canis Major, Columba, Dorado, Lepus, Mensa, Orion, Pictor, Reticulum, Taurus

The Constellations

195

Constellations near the meridian in November 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Andromeda, Aquarius, Cassiopeia, Grus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Phoenix, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Sculptor, Tucana 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Andromeda, Aries, Cassiopeia, Cetus, Fornax, Hydrus, Phoenix, Sculptor, Triangulum 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Aries, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Cetus, Dorado, Eridanus, Fornax, Horologium, Hydrus, Perseus, Reticulum, Taurus, Triangulum 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Auriga, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Canis Major, Columba, Dorado, Lepus, Mensa, Orion, Pictor, Reticulum, Taurus 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Cancer, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Columba, Gemini, Lynx, Monoceros, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Volans

Constellations near the meridian in December 7 p.m. – 9 p.m. Andromeda, Aries, Cassiopeia, Cetus, Fornax, Hydrus, Phoenix, Sculptor, Triangulum 9 p.m. – 11 p.m. Aries, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Cetus, Dorado, Eridanus, Fornax, Horologium, Hydrus, Perseus, Reticulum, Taurus, Triangulum 11 p.m. – 1 a.m. Auriga, Caelum, Camelopardalis, Canis Major, Columba, Dorado, Lepus, Mensa, Orion, Pictor, Reticulum, Taurus 1 a.m. – 3 a.m. Cancer, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Columba, Gemini, Lynx, Monoceros, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Volans 3 a.m. – 5 a.m. Antlia, Cancer, Carina, Chamaeleon, Hydra, Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Pyxis, Sextans, Vela, Volans

196

Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects

About the Author Jeff A. Farinacci became interested in astronomy at the age of 4 when his brother Jim showed him Comet Ikeya-Seki. He graduated from the University of Utah with two Bachelor of Science degrees (both Magna Cum Laude), in Mathematics and Physics. He also graduated from Indiana University with a Master of Arts degree in Mathematics. He has worked as a Software Engineer on a variety of projects for various companies. He has worked on a variety of defense projects, wrote various simulations, and wrote a 3D graphics library for a graphics chip and designed the math functions that went onto another chip. He also wrote “Stellar Guides for Your Birthday,” an article in the November 2001 issue of Sky & Telescope magazine.

Other Titles in This Series Light Pollution Responses and Remedies Bob Mizon Astronomical Equipment for Amateurs Martin Mobberley The New Amateur Astronomer Martin Mobberley Lunar and Planetary Webcam User’s Guide Martin Mobberley Choosing and Using a SchmidtCassegrain Telescope A Guide to Commercial SCT’s and Maksutovs Rod Mollise The Urban Astronomer’s Guide A Walking Tour of the Cosmos for City Sky Watchers Rod Mollise Astronomy with a Home Computer Neale Monks More Small Astronomical Observatories Sir Patrick Moore (Ed.) The Observer’s Year 366 Nights in the Universe Sir Patrick Moore (Ed.) A Buyer’s and User’s Guide to Astronomical Telescopes and Binoculars Jim Mullaney Care of Astronomical Telescopes and Accessories A Manual for the Astronomical Observer and Amateur Telescope Maker M. Barlow Pepin Creating and Enhancing Digital Astro Images Grant Privett

(continued from page ii)

The Deep-Sky Observer’s Year A Guide to Observing Deep-Sky Objects Throughout the Year Grant Privett and Paul Parsons Software and Data for Practical Astronomers The Best of the Internet David Ratledge Digital Astrophotography: The State of the Art David Ratledge (Ed.) Spectroscopy: The Key to the Stars Keith Robinson CCD Astrophotography:High-Quality Imaging from the Suburbs Adam Stuart The NexStar User’s Guide Michael Swanson Astronomy with Small Telescopes Up to 5-inch, 125 mm Stephen F. Tonkin (Ed.) AstroFAQs Questions Amateur Astronomers Frequently Ask Stephen F. Tonkin Binocular Astronomy Stephen F. Tonkin Practical Amateur Spectroscopy Stephen F. Tonkin (Ed.) Amateur Telescope Making Stephen F. Tonkin (Ed.) Using the Meade ETX 100 Objects You Can Really See with the Mighty ETX Mike Weasner Observing the Moon Peter T. Wlasuk

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC This electronic component package is protected by federal copyright law and international treaty. If you wish to return this book and the electronic component package to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, do not open the disc envelope or remove it from the book. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, will not accept any returns if the package has been opened and/or separated from the book. The copyright holder retains title to and ownership of the package. U.S. copyright law prohibits you from making any copy of the entire electronic component package for any reason without the written permission of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, except that you may download and copy the files from the electronic component package for your own research, teaching, and personal communications use. Commercial use without the written consent of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, is strictly prohibited. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, or its designee has the right to audit your computer and electronic components usage to determine whether any unauthorized copies of this package have been made. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, or the author(s) makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to this electronic component package or book, including their quality, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, or the author(s) be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the electronic component package or book, even if Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, or the author(s) has been advised of the possibility of such damages.